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From the 1st role of film
Started Sep 6, 2011 | Discussions thread
Tibor and Christakis : thanks for your feedback.
@Tibor: The reason you don't see the dusts is probably due to the low res file I uploaded. There is a negative-wide scratch as well (, which I removed using 'spot remover' - didn't like it though).
But I managed to remove the scratch using Polaroid DSR - thanks to Peter from RFF. The reworked image is now available at Flickr .
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Men's New Life Program
Transformation to a New Life. That's the goal of this special program designed for those who suffer the devastation of substance abuse. An eight to twelve month live-in program for men at our Downtown Campus, and a twelve to twenty-four month live-in program for women and families at our Adams Street Family Campus. The New Life Program offers help, hope and an environment that combines nurturing support with critical structure and accountability. Our staff works with clients individually and in groups to help them in all areas of life: social, economic, spiritual, cultural, physical, family, financial, mental, emotional, and community/citizenship. Men participating in the New Life Program live in a designated wing of the Downtown Campus, and women and families live at the Adams Street Family Campus.
Program Overview
- Participants are required to agree to the Program Guidelines and remain drug and alcohol free
- Safe and secure housing while in the program
- 3+ meals per day
- Genesis Process Recovery and Relapse Prevention
- One on One Mentoring
- Challenge Learning Program – Adult Basic Education Activities and GED preparation
- Job skills training and career coaching
- Life skills
- Work Therapy
- Church Activities
- Outpatient Recovery Support Groups
- Aftercare mentoring
- Transitional Housing Assistance
Application Process
To apply for the Men's New Life Program, call the front desk at 253-383-4493 and ask about our New Life Recovery Program.
Women and Family New Life Program
The Women and Family New Life Program at the Adams Street Family Campus is open to single women, men or women who are single parents, and couples with children age 2.5 and up. This comprehensive program addresses all aspects of the client's lives, particularly their health as individuals and families. This includes physical, emotional, spiritual, and social growth. The program endeavors to support healthy relationships, marriages, and parenting. All families are connected with the Child & Youth Program. Program participants take part in the Women and Family New Life Program for a minimum of one year. Qualified participants may then have the opportunity to stay on in transitional housing, as part of the Applied Living Program. There is a 2 year (combined) limit for New Life program and transitional housing stay.
Program Overview
- Each family has their own apartment with kitchen and bathroom
- Single women share a room
- Participants are able to do their own cooking
- Classes from 7:30 am to 12:00 pm, Monday – Friday
- Classes include: Academics, Bible, Life Skills and Recovery
- Men attend classes at the Downtown Tacoma Campus
- Required attendance at Bible studies and church on Sundays
- The first 30 days are a restriction period, with no contact with anyone outside the program
- Beyond the restriction period, trips off-campus are permitted with a signed pass
- Weekly room checks ensure that home management lessons are being applied
- Once weekly one-on-one mentoring
- GED (high school diploma equivalency) Preparation classes are available
Application Process
To apply for the Women & Family New Life Program, call the front desk at 253-383-4493 and ask about our Women's New Life Recovery Program or print out an application (here) and come in to drop it off at our downtown campus.

subset: commoncrawl


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Information Technology
Welcome to TSTC System Operations information technology support services. In collaboration with IT staff members at all TSTC colleges, System Operations staff provide and maintain a broad range of computing and communications technologies that support learning, teaching, research, public services, and administration. We strive to deliver quality, timely, reliable, innovative and user-focused information technology services.
Among the systems and services supported by System Operations are:
Please feel free to contact us for assistance.


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Lindy® Tungsten Toad Lure.
A versatile ice jig built for bottom pounding and maximum-profile visibility. Great for shallow waters and weedy cover. The wide-top profile shows up excellent on electronics. The weight-forward design and hook angle help improve bite-to-hookup ratio. Lots of colors and hook sizes to choose from.
State Color and Size, as available in the Shopping Cart.
More Details...


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3 Must-do Activities While Staying at Hotels in Kelowna in July
There's never a bad time to visit the Okanagan, but to see it at its finest, July is one of the best times of year to book your hotels in Kelowna. There's…
Kelowna's award-winning "green" hotel, the BEST WESTERN PLUS Kelowna Hotel & Suites, is located in the heart of the Okanagan Valley and is a launch pad to a wide range of activities in all four seasons. Offering first-class accommodations in Kelowna, the largest city in the BC interior, this award-winning green hotel is also pet-friendly.
Experience our extensive range of services including our conference center and banquet facilities with full catering services, a bright fully equipped fitness facility and heated indoor pool, our delightful "Wellness Spa" offering massages, body treatments and full esthetics and our 1 acre grass courtyard with manicured gardens.
Whether you are looking for accommodations in Kelowna for a family vacation, weekend getaway or a hotel for business, with a wide variety of choices from our 176 guest rooms & suites, we are certain we have accommodation to meet your needs.
Welcome to our "Urban Resort"; 176 premium Guest Rooms and Suites wrapped around our one acre garden courtyard. Enjoy a jetted tub suite as part of a romantic getaway or bring Fido along to stay in our pet-friendly rooms, complete with doggy treat bag.
Whatever your game, we've got it on at the Fleetwood Public House. Or enjoy hand-made pizza and fresh pasta straight from "nonna's" cookbook at The Italian Table.
Looking for relaxation? Experience some well deserved pampering by visiting The Wellness Spa. Come and discover why our hotel is known as one of the best hotels in Kelowna.
We can arrange sightseeing, winery, and golf tours for our guests who wish to explore the unique delights of Kelowna. We've also put together some fabulous hotel packages that highlight some of the key attractions in and around Kelowna, BC so that you can make the most of your visit.
Our central Okanagan location offers easy access to all the major activities such as golf, wineries, Okanagan Lake and its many water activities, hiking and mountain biking trails. The renowned ski resorts of Big White and Silver Star are both only an hour away.
There's never a bad time to visit the Okanagan, but to see it at its finest, July is one of the best times of year to book your hotels in Kelowna. There's…
Hitting the links as part of a Kelowna hotel deal is a great way to get out and enjoy all that the Okanagan has to offer this summer. Photo by Tourism…


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I'd like to add an "about" page to my site. I have seen some documentation on creating static pages, but I need specific instructions--
1. Exactly what info do I need to remove from the index? I'm not skilled enough in php to know this.
2. What folder do I put the static pages in?
Any help is appreciated. Thanks!


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Gun Advocates Want Piers Morgan Deported
Love it or leave it, right?
A new petition has begun on the White House website to deport Piers Morgan for his "effort to undermine the Bill of Rights." Morgan, who has been a staunch advocate of increased gun control legislation since the Newtown tragedy, has been targeted for deportation by Americans who believe he is engaging in a "hostile attack" against the Second Amendment.
The petition demands that Morgan "be deported immediately" It claims he is "exploiting his position as a national network television host to stage attacks against the rights of the American citizens." It has been signed by 6,181 people so far, but in order for the White House to respond, a petition must be signed by 25,000 Americans within 30 days.


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Save Big On Open-Box & Preowned: Buy "Blackberry Q10 Unlocked Phone, 16 GB, Black" from Amazon Warehouse Deals and save 89% off the $1,199.00 list price. Product is eligible for Amazon's 30-day returns policy and Prime or FREE Shipping. See all Open-Box & Preowned offers from Amazon Warehouse Deals.
- Unlimited Cloud Storage: Never run out of space for all your photos, videos, and files with unlimited storage plans from Amazon Cloud Drive. Learn more
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Why not View a video about this product?
Product Reference: 39809
Listen to music or take calls with this sturdy, high-quality and rich-bass bluetooth speaker. Small, practical and powerful; this is a great speaker to keep with you on the move.
** This is a blue speaker - black images used for product demonstration **
inc. VAT
"Very happy with their customer care; queries answered accurately, purchases always received promptly. "
June 2015
"Was very happy with the service from this firm. The item I ordered was not in stock but was dispatched very quickly when new stock came in. Would certainly purchase from MobileFun in the future."
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"Great service. Placed my order with you for a cover and screen protector on the Friday and was in receipt by Monday morning. Good communication. Thanks for a great service. Will be in touch when next upgrading my phone. "
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"Absolutely excellent service. I have ordered a number of items over the last couple of years and everything is always exactly as described and delivered immediately. I would definitely recommend this company to all my friends. "
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June 2015
"Excellent products, first class service, prompt delivery - would thoroughly recommend your company "
June 2015
Copyright © 2015 Mobile Fun Limited. All rights reserved.
Visit our US site - www.mobilefun.com for US customer service and payment options


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Hostelworld "meet the world" by Lucky Generals
Rating: 5.0
By Becky Wilkerson, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Monday, 28 September 2009 06:04PM
escribe the marketing team in three words.
Cheeky, energetic, seamless.
What are the perks of the job?
Every so often we get to visit the homeplace of the brand, New Orleans. The spirits industry is also very sociable.
How do you come up with marketing ideas?
The team works very collaboratively so they can come from anyone at any time.
Does the marketing team have access to round-the-clock Southern Comfort supplies?
We have a responsible stock allowance and monthly cock-tail evenings in the office bar.
Is there a dress code?
Yes - we dress according to the requirements of our day.
Does the marketing team socialise outside office hours?
Socialising with colleagues and agency partners is part of the culture and actively encouraged. You're equally likely to find us enjoying an after-work cocktail in a West End bar, or a pint in our local, the Tom Cribb.
What are the hours like?
Many and varied, but complaints are few and far between.
What is the company like for training and career progression?
Training is excellent, with lots of opportunity to obtain marketing and industry qualifications, as well as other skills such as languages.
What about the salary and benefits package?
We are very lucky to have a fantastic director of rewards.
Is there anything particularly interesting about the inside of your office in terms of decoration?
The quirky Kentuckian art and historical print advertising are often talking points.
Company facts
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
Before commenting please read our rules for commenting on articles.
If you see a comment you find offensive, you can flag it as inappropriate. In the top right-hand corner of an individual comment, you will see 'flag as inappropriate'. Clicking this prompts us to review the comment. For further information see our rules for commenting on articles.
Rating: 5.0
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0


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Women & Firearms
By Tom Yoder
More and more women are learning to use firearms for sport shooting, hunting, and self-defense. KSJD's Tom Yoder talks with Kristine Nunn and Anita Mayhew from the Four Corners Rifle and Pistol Club about why it is important for women to understand how guns work, and upcoming opportunities to learn about how to shoot and care for firearms.
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Structures and methods that facilitate integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system are disclosed. In one embodiment, the integration of the functions is by a multi-chip, sliding linear valve approach. The chips are in continued physical contact. In a second embodiment, the chips are separated and rejoined when they are moved to the preferred position. Surface coating of the joining edges helps prevent leakage and keeps liquid in the capillary channels for both embodiments. Another embodiment relates to miniature valves. Several designs were disclosed, including the linear, edge-contact sliding valve approach. Method to fabricate very small, high aspect ratio holes in glass was also disclosed, which facilitates the above embodiments.
1. An integrated microchip system, comprising:
(i) a plurality of microchips containing capillary channels, edge joined together, and spring biased towards each other; and
(ii) means for linearly moving said microchips against one another; wherein the capillary channels in said microchips can be connected or disconnected by the movement.
2. The integrated microchip system of
3. The integrated microchip system of
4. The integrated microchip system of
5. The integrated microchip system of
6. The integrated microchip system of
7. An integrated microchip system, comprising:
(i) a microfabricated microchip containing capillary channels;
(ii) at least one miniature valve;
(iii) means for connecting said at least one valve to said microchip; and
(iv) an actuator.
8. The integrated microchip system of
9. The integrated microchip system of
10. The integrated microchip system of
11. The integrated microchip system of
12. The integrated microchip system of
13. The integrated microchip system of
This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/400,634 filed on Aug. 2, 2002 and claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/436,286, filed on Dec. 23, 2002; the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to microfluidic devices and systems and methods for using the same. More particularly, the present invention provides structures and methods that facilitate integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system
Microfluidics consist of using microchannels instead of test tubes or microplates to carry out analyses and reactions. These microchannels or microcircuits are fabricated into silicon, quartz, glass, ceramics or plastic. The size of these channels is on the order of micrometers, while the reaction volumes are on the order of nanoliters or microliters. The principle of a microfluidic device is to guide reaction media containing reagents and samples, through zones which correspond to the different steps of the protocol. The integration into a single system of reactors, sample treatment, separation, and miniature detection systems into these microfluidic systems allows the automation of complex protocols. These "laboratories on chips" have made it possible to obtain results which are efficient in terms of reaction speed, in terms of product economy and in terms of miniaturization which allows the development of portable devices. Complex protocols have been integrated and automated, including biochemical or molecular biology protocols which often require extensive manipulation. These manipulations include mixing reagents and samples, controlling the reaction temperature, carrying out thermal cycling, sample clean up, separation by electrophoresis, and detection of reaction products.
Wolley et al. (Anal. Chem. 68: 4081-4086 (1996)) discloses the integration of a PCR microreactor, a capillary electrophoresis system and a detector in a single device. The PCR reaction, separation of PCR products by electrophoresis, and detection of PCR products are carried out automatically. This device does not, however, integrate the mixing of reagents, and it does not allow large scale protocols to be performed.
A device or substrate allowing integration of the steps of reagent mixing and enzymatic reaction has been described by Hadd et al. (Anal. Chem. 69, 3407-3412, (1997)). This device provides a microcircuit of channels and reservoirs etched into a glass substrate. The moving and mixing of the fluids takes place by electrokinetics.
Microfluidic systems for the integration of protocols and of analyses have been described in international patent application WO 98/45481. One of the difficulties in implementing these devices resides in the movement of the fluids. The fluids are generally moved by electroosmosis or by electrokinetics, which requires a network of electrodes and fluid continuity. Other systems use micropumps and microvalves which are integrated in the microfluidic substrate. In the majority of cases the reactions are carried out while stationary in a microreactor and then the fluids are thus moved from one reactor to another at each step of the protocol. These systems which integrate electrodes, microvalves or micropumps are very costly and their complexity does not allow large scale applications for simultaneously treating a very large number of samples. One of the major difficulties is the distribution, mixing and transport of a very large number of products in parallel or in series.
Thus, there exists a need for devices which allow for manipulation of samples or the performance of complex protocols in which the samples are transported from one location to another using methods other than that is known in the art, and that are simple, reliable and at a low cost. There is also a need to develop a device comprising a microfluidic substrate allowing the manipulation of a large number of fluids and/or allowing a large number of complex protocols, particularly protocols involving temperature treatment, to be carried out at a low cost.
The present invention discloses structures and methods that facilitate integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system. In a first embodiment, integration of the functions is achieved by a multi-chip, sliding linear valve approach. The chips are edge joined and fluidic contact is established by connection of capillary channels at the joining edges. The chips are so designed that connection of the different channels can be achieved by the sliding of the microchips against each other. Sliding can also disrupt channel connection where desired. The chips are in continued physical contact throughout the process.
In a second embodiment, the chips are separated and rejoined to establish/disrupt channel connection. The basic design of the microchip is still the same as in the first embodiment. The 'jogging' approach reduces wear at the joining edges. Specific surface coatings for the joining edges that help prevent leakage and keep liquid in the capillary channels are disclosed.
Another embodiment is related to miniature valves. Several designs are disclosed, including both linear and rotary valves in top contact with the microchip, as well as linear, edge-contact sliding valves. A method to fabricate very small, high aspect ratio holes in glass is also disclosed, which facilitates the use of the miniature, low volume valves.
The present invention provides microfluidic devices and systems for integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system and methods for using the same.
The present invention will now be described with regard to the accompanying drawings which assist in illustrating various features of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that the drawings do not constitute limitations on the scope of the present invention. Throughout the drawings, like numbered items represent same elements of the invention. For the sake of brevity and clarity, most figures show only one set of microfluidic channels; however, it should be appreciated that typical microfluidic devices comprise multiple sets of microfluidic channels.
In one aspect, the integration and/or isolation of the various functions in a microchip system is achieved using a sliding linear approach. According to one particular embodiment of the current invention, the integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system are achieved using a three-chip system. The system consists of three micro-fabricated chips, edge joined, in fluid communication with each other. Some of the chips are moveable, by sliding action, relative to the others in order to redirect or seal the fluid paths. The three chips have polished edges that are spring biased towards each other in order to effect a low-pressure seal at the mating surfaces.
In a first example of a three-chip approach (FIG. 1), a first chip (chip A, 100) contains a single sample inlet port 102. A second chip (chip B, 130) contains a reaction chamber 132 and a cathode port 134 while a third chip (chip C, 160) contains a standard separation channel 162 with a twin-tee/cross injector. In position 1 (all fluid paths connected) matrix is introduced into the anode port 164 of the third chip thereby filling the separation and injector regions. This would be followed by suction cleaning of the wells. Sample and reactants are added to the sample inlet port 102 of the first chip thereby filling the reaction chamber 132 of the second chip. The second chip is then moved to position 2 whereby the reaction chamber 132 is isolated from the rest of the device. Chemical/biological reactions are performed in the reaction chamber 132. Following the reaction process, the second chip is returned to position 1 so that the reaction products can be moved into the third chip for injection and separation. If the reaction process involves temperature changes, leakage will likely occur at the chip interfaces if the reaction chamber 132 is completely filled with fluid. To avoid this issue, either the chamber can be under filled, leaving a small air space for fluid expansion or the design can be modified to include a small channel to provide pressure relief (see FIGS. 2-3).
In the second example of a three chips approach (FIG. 2), a pressure relief channel 204 has been added, along with additional ports 236, 242, 244 to facilitate cleaning the device. The initial process of filling with matrix and sample are performed as before. Now, when the second chip (chip B, 230) is moved to position 2, the reaction chamber 232 is connected to the pressure relief channel 204 on one end and sealed on the other. The second end of the pressure relief channel is also sealed. The pressure relief channel is empty to start, and relieves the pressure built-up during reaction. Following the reaction, reaction product injection and separation are performed as in the first example above.
In the third example of a three chips approach (FIG. 3), a sample cleanup channel 366 and ports 306, 336, 338, 342, 344 are added to facilitate cleaning the device. This sample cleanup channel is either surface modified, filled with a monolithic capture matrix, or filled with media such as capture beads (wall bound or magnetic) during the first steps of matrix and sample loading. Reaction products are again created with the second chip (chip B, 330) in position 2. Next, the second chip is moved to position 3 where the reaction chamber 332 is connected to the cleanup channel 366. The contents of the reaction chamber are moved into the cleanup channel where undesired products pass on through and out of the system. The desired reaction products are then released from the capture media and moved back into the reaction chamber 332. Lastly, the second chip is returned to position 1 for sample injection and separation.
According to another embodiment of the current invention, the integration and/or isolation of various functions in a microchip system are achieved using a two chips system. The system consists of two micro-fabricated chips, edge joined, in fluid communication with each other. One of the chips is moveable, by sliding action, relative to the other chip in order to redirect or seal the fluid paths. The two chips have polished edges that are spring biased towards each other in order to effect a low-pressure seal at the mating surfaces.
In an example of a two-chip approach (FIG. 4), a first chip (chip B, 430) contains a reaction chamber 432 and four small cleanout ports 436, 438, 442, 444. A second chip (chip C) contains two sample inlet ports 472, 474, a standard separation channel with a twin-tee/cross injector 462, a sample cleanup channel 466, a pressure relief channel 494, and two small cleanout ports 482, 484. In position 1, matrix is introduced into the anode port 464 of the second chip thereby filling the separation and injector regions. This would be followed by suction cleaning of the wells. Sample and reactants are added to the sample inlet port 472 or 474 of the second chip thereby filling the reaction chamber 432 of the first chip. The sample cleanup channel 466 is either surface modified, pre-filled with monolithic capture matrix, or filled with media such as capture beads (wall bound or magnetic) at this step. The first chip is then moved to position 2 whereby the reaction chamber 432 is connected to the pressure relief channel 494 on one end and sealed on the other. The second end of the pressure relief channel 494 is also sealed. Chemical/biological reactions are performed in the reaction chamber. Next, the first chip is moved to position 3 where the reaction chamber 432 is connected to the cleanup channel 466. The contents of the reaction chamber 432 are moved into the cleanup channel 466 where undesired products pass on through and out of the system. The desired reaction products are then released from the capture media and moved back into the reaction chamber 432. Lastly, the first chip is moved to position 4 for sample injection and separation.
Depending on the functions to be performed, liquids can be moved in a variety of ways including pressure, vacuum, capillary action, electrically, etc. Because connections between the chips are linear, multiple parallel structures may be micro-fabricated for increased system throughput with no additional parts count. This design does not preclude the use of glass or plastic materials, re-usable or disposable chips and in fact, one can modify the system application by changing only one of the interconnected chips. The pressure sealing requirements at the chip-to-chip interfaces are low, on the order of 5-10 psi for the viscous LPA matrix (since it is pumped in from the anode port) and even lower for low viscosity fluids like the sample.
Although a linear design has been proposed above, a number of variations are conceivable including stacked devices with either linear or rotary actuation. Alternatively, rotary valves can also be added to the top of a microchip. Multiple devices may be stacked into a 3D structure in order to increase functionality and/or parallelism. Functional structures such as those used for reacting, mixing, splitting, routing, hybridization, concentration, etc., could be incorporated. Seals or coatings may be used to increase sealing pressure or robustness. Combinations of substrate materials could also be used. For example, a glass reusable chip could be coupled to a plastic disposable or assay specific chip or maybe thermal reactions would be performed in glass chip mated to a plastic chip; the plastic would remain relatively isolated due to the low thermal conductivity property of plastic. The channel dimensions of the mating chips do not have to match, depending on the application; if large channels are mated with smaller channels, alignment tolerances are more relaxed. Devices might be fabricated in sets to make alignment even simpler. Electrodes, sensors, heaters, actuators, etc. might also be integrated. In some situations, one of the devices in a system may be disposable while the other(s) are not. Of course everything could be disposable. One could imagine preparing a sample in a system of devices and then removing one of the devices for further processing, analysis or storage.
A variation to the above sliding linear valve approach is a two-dimensional (2D) jogging approach. This approach offers a solution to make or break fluidic connections between different chips in a controlled way. In the sliding linear valve design, fluidic communication can be made or isolated between different channels on each chip by sliding one chip against the other. During the sliding process, the chips keep in contact with each other to maintain a low-pressure seal and therefore prevent leakage at the mating surfaces. Hydrophobically coating the mating surfaces of both chips is usually helpful when the chips are made of glass. The 2D jogging concept takes advantage of surface tension to create virtual valves at the edges of the chips. To isolate fluidic communication between the edge-joined chips, the two chips are pulled apart from each other. Surface tension keeps the liquid (e.g., water) within each respective channel without leaking. The chips can be moved to the next desired position, fluidic connection is re-established between the chips as soon as their edges contact. There are two major differences between the 2D jogging approach as compared to sliding. In 2D jogging, chips need not maintain contact with each other. This renders additional integration flexibility. The physical durability of the surface coating is also less of a concern in the jogging approach since no wearing occurs while the chips are moved.
The 2D jogging approach for reactant transfer is exemplified in FIG. 5. Two chips 530 and 560 were made and edge polished. A thin layer of Cr/Au film was deposited onto the polished mating surfaces. These chips were then immersed in an ethanolic solution of octadecanethiol to form a hydrophobic monolayer coating (contact angles of greater than 90° for water were observed). The 2D jogging concept was demonstrated by transferring an aqueous dye solution between channels on different chips.
In position 1A, the first and second chips were in physical contact with each other, while the first channel 532 of chip 530 was aligned with the first channel 562 of chip 560. All channels on both chips were empty. In position 1B, dye was loaded in the sample loading port 564 of the first channel 562 on the second chip 560, and then transferred to the first channel 532 on the first chip 530. The two chips were then slowly pulled apart, as shown in position 1C. Fluid connection was maintained across the short gap. As the chips were pulled further apart (position 1D of FIG. 5), fluid connection broke, and the liquid was pulled back into each respective channel by surface tension. Then the relative position of the two chips were then moved such that the first channel 532 on the first chip 530 was aligned and in physical contact with the second channel 572 on the second chip 560. The dye was then transferred into the second channel 572 on the second chip 560.
Tests on the 2D jogging approach were also successfully performed with Di water. Different coating chemistries (e.g., fluorinated monolayer, vapor deposited Teflon) can be applied to deal with organic solutions and to prevent surface adsorption of such solutions.
In another aspect, the integration and/or isolation of the various functions in a microchip system is achieved using low volume valves that are designed to be compatable with microfluidic devices. This approach also enables sealing fluidic sections during thermal cycling for example amplification, or for fluid routing and control in integrated microchips.
Key to the above miniature valve designs, especially those shown in
There is therefore a need for a novel method for fabricating glass chips incorporating very small holes with very high aspect ratios, although not arbitrarily positioned. We provide here one such process, which is especially suitable to small holes that are arranged in a linear fashion.
The process consists of a number of steps, as shown in FIG. 8. First, grooves were fabricated on the surface of a glass plate. Groove fabrication can be achieved by a variety of different methods, including sawing or etching. Alternatively, glass structures with drawn internal channels can be used. Next, short strips are diced off such that the grooves (channels) are oriented perpendicular to the diced edge. Then, one (or more) of these diced strips is tipped on edge and placed groove side against the previously flattened edge of a blank glass plate. Next, these two pieces are bonded at high temperature to form an integral part and then lapped, both sides, to insure flatness. Finally, this plate is aligned and bonded to another glass plate containing fluidic structures (channels) to form a complete microfabricated device. If required, additional holes of a more conventional size may be fabricated into either of the two plates before final bonding. One might also envision fabricating grooves on both sides of the starting plate prior to dicing and then bonding to two blank plates if two columns of holes are required. Drawn structures may include multiple columns as well.
Potential applications for these devices and integration methods (sliding and jogging) should include, but are not limited to, the areas of Genomics, Proteomics, Molecular Diagnostics and cell based assays. Examples might include sample cleanup and purification, PCR, Cycle Sequencing, sample dilution, sample concentration, and isothermal, enzyme or ligand binding assays. Multiple reaction steps may be performed and samples might be prepared for detection by mass spec. In addition, applications should exist in fields outside of life sciences.
Although this invention has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments which will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the disclosure herein are also within the scope of this invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is intended to be defined only by reference to the appended claims. All documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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text:
How do I create my own computer program?
Note: Creating a computer program requires knowledge of one or more programming languages, as well as other considerations. This page does not provide step by step instructions for creating a program, as the steps differ depending on the type of program being created and the programming language used to create it.
Anyone interested in developing software, such as a program, game, or online service, must start by learning a programming language. Due to the fact that there are a broad number of languages and software development requires more than one document to explain, this article is meant as a general overview to point you in the right direction. In addition to learning a programming language, an important beginning step is to have a plan for what you want to develop. For instance, a plan would include the purpose of the program, game or service, and the features you want to include. Keep that in mind as you read on.
Picking the Language
As we noted in the introduction, there are dozens of different programming languages to choose from so deciding which language to should learn can be a challenge in and of itself. Sometimes, making a large function program generally requires you to be fairly proficient in one or more languages. That being said, basic understanding of the concepts of pretty much any programming language can get you started. Our listing of programming languages includes examples of the various software each language can create. We have a few recommendations below.
Computer Hope Recommendations
Again, as we mentioned in the introduction, deciding on your language depends on what type of program or scripts you would like to create. For example, Java and Visual Basic are both popular because of their relative ease and because both are a good way to learn programming fundamentals. Other popular examples include C, C++, and C# which are used to create games, apps, drivers, operating systems; pretty much any software program that runs on the computer.
If you are interested in developing scripts and programs like online forums and services, Perl, PHP, and Python are all popular choices in addition to HTML.
Deciding on an editor
An editor is simply any program that allows you to write computer code. They range from simple (like any basic text editor) to advanced, expensive software such as Adobe Dreamweaver. Fortunately, any program can be written in a text editor, which means you can get started for free.
Computer Hope Recommendations
For Windows users, we suggest an editor such as Notepad ++ because it is free and supports syntax highlighting. If you're on a Mac, you can use their free editor named TextEdit. Also, it is good to keep in mind that visual programming languages, like Visual Basic, include the editor and compiler in the same tool used to create programs. When do you need a compiler? On to the next section.
Most computer programming languages are high-level programming languages, meaning they are easy for you to understand but impossible for a computer. In order for the computer to "read" your program, it must be compiled or have an interpreter. Your programming language is the deciding factor on whether or not you'll need a third-party program for interpreting it. For example, Eclipse is an interpreter that takes a program written in Java and "translates" it into code that can be run on and understood by a computer. Other languages, like Perl, are interpreted, meaning they do not need to be compiled. These languages only require that they are installed on the computer or the server that is running the script.
Learning the language
After you have decided on a language, editor, and compiler, you are ready to program. For most users, the easiest way to start is with the infamous Hello World! program. After you have been able to run your program that writes (or prints, in programming terms) "Hello World!" to the screen, the next step is to take the time to learn all of the program language's syntax, including the following concepts.
- Understand how to declare variables
- Create conditional statements (e.g. if, elsif, and else)
- Perform loops (e.g. do, for, foreach, goto, and while)
- Understand escape sequences
- How to make comments or temporarily disable parts of the code
- Understand regular expressions
As you run into questions, an Internet search can answer most of them. Books written for your programming language or programming courses are great ways to develop your skills further.


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- OFBF members urge legislators to take action on CAUV
- Ohio Youth Capital Challenge finalists to compete during state fair
- County Farm Bureau annual meetings announced
- Urgent: Action Needed Now on CAUV
- OFBF responds to high nitrate water warning in Columbus
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No-till method helps farmers, can clog roads
The farming method leaves corn stalks and other plant debris on the field surfaces, which then washes away with rain water, right into the roadways, drainage ditches and catch basins.
"It plugs up the culverts or different crossings where the water might flow," said Dave Louth, roadway engineer at the Allen County Engineer's Office.
Soil Compaction May Fuel Smaller Implements
Deep tillage often used in the Midwest can only mitigate deep compaction down to 16 inches. The trend toward larger equipment drives compaction levels down below that. Compaction concerns with fully autonomous 50- to 60-horsepower tractors would decrease.
Hearing shows bipartisan momentum on national food labeling efforts
Titled "A National Framework for the Review and Labeling of Biotechnology in Food," the hearing provided members with an opportunity to learn about the role genetic engineering plays in our nation's food supply. Additionally, the hearing delved into state-specific labeling regulations and their potential impact on interstate commerce and consumer
Poultry show ban can be handled in a variety of ways at fairs
The poultry show ban will likely be handled differently by fairs all season long. Hopefully it can be viewed as a good learning experience for the affected exhibitors at every cancelled event for the year. "This is educational because with livestock you never know what you are going to get," Black said. "This is real life.
Farm-Sector Earnings Plunge
Earnings for workers in the U.S. farm sector plunged in the early months of 2015, with all but nine states posting declines, the Commerce Department said Monday. Farm earnings fell 22.4% in the first quarter, which Commerce attributed primarily to lower livestock output
Algorithms to help farmers battle the drought
The same kinds of algorithms that analyze the human genome can analyze a farmer's field to save water.
Huge Potential for 3D Printing In Agriculture
"Take, for example, a broken part," he said. With a 3D printer you could digitally scan that part, feed that information to the printer which would produce a replacement on the spot and likely in less time than it would take for a farmer to drive to a supplier and get the part . . .if it were available.
Financial assistance available for Ohio for gypsum
Ohio's state NRCS technical staff recently adopted an interim practice standard providing guidelines for how gypsum can be incorporated as part of various conservation programs including the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).
Post subsidiary sues egg farm alleging breach of contract
A food supplier claims an Iowa egg farm breached a contract after bird flu disrupted the supply of eggs. Michael Foods Egg Products Co., a subsidiary of Brentwood-based cereal-maker Post Holdings Inc., filed a lawsuit in federal court in Des Moines on Monday alleging Hawkeye Pride Egg Farms in Corwith is in breach of a Jan. 27, 2014, contract.
Senate Advances Fast Track--Again
By the smallest margin possible, the Senate Tuesday approved one more step toward giving President Barack Obama Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), or fast track, that could speed up negotiations for a 12-nation trade deal later this year.
Agriculture super-cycles are not the norm
In my assessment, the period from 2007 to 2012 was an economic aberration and the periods prior and post 2007 to 2012 may be more the normal standard
Raw weather starting to move prices
Old beans have rallied almost 70 cents since the recent low at 9.20-1/2 on May 26. The new crop bounce is even more dramatic, taking only a week to gain almost 65 cents. The high Monday was $9.60. July corn futures gained almost 14 cents in a week, adding to the high this morning
Local farmer traveling to Asia
Highland County farmer Nathan Brown has been selected as one of just 10 farmers in the United States to travel to St. Louis, China and Vietnam in order to learn more about the soy checkoff program and see where their soybeans go in other nations.
Western Ohio Century Farm keeps family and agriculture as priorities
A commitment to family and agriculture chronicle the rich 190-year history of the Good-Woodruff Farm of Champaign County that started with a unique tale of love and perseverance
TPA On Its Way to Obama
The Senate passed Trade Promotion Authority, also known as fast track legislation, Wednesday by a vote of 60-38, sending the bill to President Barack Obama for his expected signature. The bipartisan bill that still was opposed by most Democrats will allow the Obama administration to wrap up negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Agriculture educators: an endangered species.
Katie Hagemann, Tevis Mott, Elizabeth Babcock and Travis Meyers say more agriculture teachers are needed to replace those retiring or leaving the profession. They themselves began teaching within the past few years after earning degrees in agriculture education from the University of Wisconsin-Platteville.
U.S. Corn, Soybean Ratings Drop Further
On Monday, the government's Crop Condition Report rated the U.S. soybean good/excellent rating dropped from 67% a week ago to 65%. The USDA pegged the crop as 90% planted vs. a 95% five-year average. Also, 84% of the U.S. soybean crop has emerged vs. an 87% five-year average. For corn, the U.S. crop rating fell to 71% good/excellent from 74% a year ago.
Southern Ohio FFA'ers addressing local hunger needs
If you happened to drive by Zane Trace High School in Chillicothe, Ohio, during May, you might have seen members of the ZT FFA chapter busy constructing raised beds, transplanting seedlings, carting topsoil or building chicken coops.
Produce growers hold summer field day in Wayne County
Rob Leeds, of OSU Extension in Delaware County, said the customer in front of you is the most important person at that time — not the one on the phone or the others in the crowd.
A Salute to the Women of Agriculture
God bless the ladies who play such an important role on farms and ranches across the country, raising families, food, fiber and energy.
Food engineer named World Agriculture Prize laureate
Singh became recognized for a body of research in areas such as energy conservation, freezing preservation, postharvest technology and mass transfer in food processing. His research on airflow in complex systems helped design innovative systems for the rapid cooling of strawberries
Putin extends ban on agriculture products
Russian president Vladimir Putin announced Wednesday that a current ban on dairy products, meat, seafood, vegetables and fruit from the U.S., European Union, Australia, Canada, and Norway will remain in effect until June 24, 2016
Tom Vilsack on the Passage of Trade Promotion Authority
"Trade agreements are a driving force behind expanded U.S. exports, which means U.S. companies can provide more, better paying jobs. Last year, American agricultural exports grew to a record $152.5 billion, and the past six years represent the strongest in history for U.S. agricultural trade. Still, ninety-five percent of the world's consumers live outside of our borders.
City elementary students enlightened at Farm Day
United Way of Clark, Champaign and Madison Counties and the Clark County Farm Bureau hosted 167 second- and third-graders from the Springfield City School District at the event, which started four years ago.
Flower-farm open house touts 'local,' sustainable
"People are sharing what they know so that that information can be taken and be used elsewhere and promote any successful farming practices," she said.
Farm-vertising: How Fast-Food Chains Have Gone Small to Sell Big
Call it farm-vertising. These ads promise to demonstrate that fast food isn't the product of a global industrial complex shipping food in to a central processing kitchen and then trucking products out to the McDonald's on the corner. They would have use believe that it's our friendly neighborhood grocer buying from local backyards who is responsible for our Big Macs.
Brothers hit on one of many ways to share info about agriculture
Greg Peterson, a Saline County, Kan., farmer, is part of the YouTube sensation known as the Peterson Farm Brothers, along with his brothers, Nathan and Kendal.
Flooding, rain causes problems for corn growers in Ohio
Continuing rain that kept growers from replanting fields washed out by prior rains also has caused concern that there won't be time to replant.
Corn remains a local staple after two centuries
Corn is not only the largest single crop grown today, but was one of the first grown by the settlers in the early 19th century. Then, corn was primarily used as either food or livestock feed. Today, about one fourth of the field corn grown in Fairfield County is consumed as livestock feed.
Western Lake Erie basin farmers can apply for funds
Farmers in the western Lake Erie basin can start submitting applications July 1 for $17.5 million in federal money to pay for cover crops, drainage strategies, and other measures aimed at keeping algae-feeding pollutants out of the lake.
Crops will see effect of wet summer start
Northwest Ohio experienced a downpour over the weekend that capped off an especially rainy June and area farmers are feeling the impact.
Unfortunate reason boosts Ohio in egg production rankings
With avian influenza taking a terrible toll on egg laying operations to the west, Ohio has moved to the top of the list of egg production by state.
Appeals court agrees duck ownership violates law
Ohio's Fifth District Court of Appeals has upheld a lower court ruling that a West Lafayette veteran violated village law by owning ducks he deemed therapeutic.
Ag groups welcome TPA signing
President Barack Obama signed fast track trade legislation Monday that most farm groups hope will lead to lower tariffs on U.S. ag exports to Pacific Rim nations and Europe.
Crops not handling rain well
Persistent rains throughout most of Ohio during the latter two-thirds of June have done a real number on corn and soybean fields. The crops, which just two weeks ago were mostly in good condition, are now considered only fair, with a rising percentage in poor shape.
European wheat traders learn about research at OARDC Tuesday, June 30, 2015 by C
A delegation of foreign wheat purchasers and traders visited the research being done at Ohio State University's Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, June 26.
New funding available for northwest Ohio farmers to help protect water quality
Amid the flooded fields of northwest Ohio in late June, officials from the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) announced $17.5 million from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to help protect water quality in the western basin of Lake Erie.
Enrollment for 2016 Dairy Margin Protection Program begins
Agriculture Deputy Secretary Krysta Harden announced that starting July 1, 2015, dairy farmers can enroll in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Margin Protection Program for coverage in 2016.
Activist scientists call for public agroecological research funding
A group of scientists have issued a statement calling on Congress and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to prioritize agroecology—the science of managing agricultural lands and minimizing the impact on the environment—when funding agricultural research.
View USDA's June 30 planted acreage report with healthy skepticism
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service estimates there are 85.1 million acres of soybeans planted in the United States for 2015, up 2 percent from last year and setting a new record high. In contrast, growers planted an estimated 88.9 million acres to corn, the lowest corn acreage in the United States in the last half a decade.
FSA planting dates
Producers are reminded of the annual acreage reporting requirements that must be met prior to receiving program benefits.
Farm Waste and Animal Fats Will Help Power a United Jet
For years, biofuels have been seen as an important part of the solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. And airlines, with their concentration around airports and use of the same kind of fuel, have been seen as a promising customer in a biofuels industry that has struggled to gain traction.
The Morrill Act: 153 Years of Innovations for American Agriculture
Land-grant universities are leading the way to ensure the growing population has access to nutritious food in the context of changing climate and the extreme weather events, diminishing land and water resources, and the need for ensuring positive health outcomes, while helping create jobs and promoting family and community well being.
Meat and dairy to eclipse biofuel in agriculture demand - FAO/OECD
Changing diets in emerging countries will boost global demand for meat and dairy products in the next 10 years, shifting grain supply towards livestock feed as use of crop-based biofuel is curbed by lower oil prices, the FAO and OECD said.
695K signatures delivered for Ohio pot farm proposal
The proposal would create 10 pot farms across Ohio for commercial marijuana production and allow individuals older than 21 to grow the crop for personal use
Ohio Supreme Court: Which Dormant Mineral Act applies?
The Dormant Mineral Act governs the ownership rights of minerals that have been severed from the surface lands. It establishes conditions and procedures by which the ownership of mineral rights are preserved with the mineral holder or abandoned to the owner of the surface lands.
Recent rains keep farmers on sidelines
"Sunshine and dry weather would be appreciated statewide," reads the last sentence of Monday's Ohio Crop Weather Report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Great Lakes Region.


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Home Made Soya Milk
|Soya bean
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|(as required to make the slurry)
Clean 1/2 cup whole soybeans under running water. Remove debris or damaged soybeans.
Soak the soybeans overnight in a bowl or other container in enough water to cover them.
Drain and rinse the soybeans in a colander.
Grind the soybeans in a blender with just enough water to cover them until it makes a slurry.
Pour the slurry into a pot on the stove and add one quart of water.
Bring the slurry to a boil, stirring constantly.
Turn it down to simmer for 15 to 20 minutes. Keep stirring.
Filter the slurry through a cheesecloth or linen towel, saving the liquid in a bowl. This is the soy milk.
The leftover over soya pulp from straining is called okara. There are many recipes that call for okara, so save it to use later.
The soy milk should be stored in the refrigerator.


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Monthly Review Press
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Links review of The Ecological Rift
Climate change is often called the greatest environment threat facing humanity. The threat is very real. Unless we cut carbon pollution fast, runaway climate change will worsen existing environmental and social problems, and create new ones of its own. But it's no longer enough to simply refer to the climate crisis. Climate change is one part of a broader ecological disaster, brought about by an economic system that relies on constant growth, endless accumulation, and ever-deepening human alienation.… | more |
Progressive Populist review of Agriculture and Food in Crisis
A chilling trend stalks humanity: the price of food. It's climbing now as it did in 2008. How and why is this nightmare back?… Let's, briefly, look back to three years ago. "Prices for basic foodstuffs doubled or tripled in a short period, and food riots spread beyond Mexico to many countries in the global South," write Fred Magdoff and Brian Tokar, co-editors of Agriculture and Food in Crisis: Conflict, Resistance and Renewal (Monthly Review Press, November 2010).… | more |
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Welcome to the newly redesigned Monthly Review Press website. We apologize for any inconvenience you may have experienced over the last several days. Please contact us if you have had any issues with an order. Please read this message for important changes to the new store.… | more |
Welcome to the new Monthly Review Press site. We hope you enjoy the new look. Please read this message as the system for receiving your discount has changed slightly.… | more |
NEW: Social Structure and Forms of Consciousness, Volume II by István Mészáros
In The Dialectic of Structure and History, Volume Two of Social Structure and Forms of Consciousness, István Mészáros brings the comprehension of our condition and the possibility of emancipatory social action beyond the highest point reached to date. Building on the indicatory flashes of conceptual lightning in the Grundrisse and other works of Karl Marx, Mészáros sets out the relations of structure and agency, individual and society, base and superstructure, nature and history, in a dialectical totality open to the future.… | more |
Steve Early, author of Embedded With Organized Labor: Journalistic Reflections on the Class War at Homeand The Civil Wars in U.S. Labor, forthcoming from Haymarket Books, is on book tour.… | more |
VIDEO: Fred Magdoff and William Camacaro on the Food Crisis
On March 21, Fred Magdoff, co-editor of Agriculture and Food in Crisis, was joined by contributor William Camacaro to discuss the global food crisis, its origins, and how people can respond. Watch the video here.… | more |
The Invisible Handcuffs of Capitalism reviewed in Sacramento News & Review
Michael Perelman, economics professor at CSU Chico, uses the Greek legend of Procrustes, who sadistically shortened or stretched unwary travelers to fit them on his iron bed, as a metaphor for a system that cruelly disciplines workers. In The Invisible Handcuffs of Capitalism: How Market Tyranny Stifles the Economy by Stunting Workers, Perelman shows how economic theory marginalizes workers and makes a robust case against the idea that competitive markets create freedom.… | more |
Interview with John Tully, author of The Devil's Milk: A Social History of Rubber
Why, of all possible commodities, did you choose to write a book on rubber? "It started with direct experience of a rubber factory: namely working on a major overhaul of the Banbury internal mixer at the old Goodyear tire factory in suburban Melbourne. Before that, like most people, I hadn't given much thought to it. Of course, when I was a small kid it was fascinating stuff, but after that it might as well have been invisible for all the attention I paid to it. Working on the Banbury made me think about it again and it became clear upon reflection that it was a pretty crucial commodity."… | more |
James D. Cockcroft, the author of Mexico's Revolution Then and Now and Mexico's Hope, is currently on book tour.… | more |
Durban Social Forum Declaration
This declaration was adopted at a mass meeting of the Durban Social Forum held in the township of Mpumalanga on August 28, 2001. The DSF was created to organize a response to South Africa's hosting the UN World Conference Against Racism. Its declaration is a message of solidarity with oppressed people around the world. The original declaration was drafted and adopted in isiZulu, and translated into English.… | more |


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From the busy streets of Paris to the lush beaches on the French Riviera, France is one of the most popular travel destinations in the world. A country known for its romance, food and beautiful country side, you will not leave France unhappy. But as a European traveler I must say that one's trip would not be complete without stopping off at a small street corner cafe to buy an espresso and a croissant while looking down the Champs-Élysées towards the Arc de Triomphe with the Eiffel Tower peeking up above the amazing buildings in Paris. A city with lavishly built historical streets and some of the most famous landmarks in the world, Paris, France has something to offer for everyone.
If its history and art you seek, then don't look further than the Paris which is full of famous museums and beautiful architecture. Some museums include Musée d'Orsay, Musee D'Art & D'Histoire Du Judaisme, and of course the Musee Du Louvre. I highly recommend the Musée d'Orsay because it is in an old train station. Not only is the art amazing the building itself is a masterpiece. The other museum I highly recommend is the Musee Du Louvre or the Louvre. The museum is in the old royal palace and is like no another museum in the world. Quick tip on entering the Louvre, don't enter through the main entrance. Instead there are stairways across the street the lead you underground into the Louvre. This will not only save you time with lines but it feel kind of seeky as well.
Paris is known for its fashion! A city with the cutting edge of fashion design you will not have a hard time making yourself look good in Paris. The only thing you might have a hard time doing is paying for it all. The Champs-Élysées is not only Paris' "main street"; it is full of top designers with a passion for fashion, no rhyme intended. Yet, there are many other locations around Paris for great clothing that won't put a hole in your pocket. Great places to shop in Paris are outside of the city center. Not only will you find cheaper fashion store, you may get more help and the people may be nicer.
There are so many sites to see in Paris. One major site is the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Notre Dame is best to be seen in the day time because you'll not want to miss the light shining in through the staind glass windows. Another Great site to see is the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur. Not only is this basilica an amazing site, if you go to the top you'll get a view of all of Paris. I recommend paying to go to the top of Basilique du Sacré-Cœur over the top the Eiffel Tower because you'll get the Eiffel Tower in your view. It's also cheaper. I feel the best way to see most of the sites throughout Paris, is by taking a Seine River Cruise. I would do this at night while everything is lit up and make sure you bring a jacket, it gets cold!
Food is a top priority in Paris. There are millions of places to find food in Paris, but the most famous area to go is the Latin Quarter. Full of all different types of cuisine, the Latin Quarter has everything you could imagine for food. You'll see French restaurant hosts standing outside the restaurants or bistro trying to get you to go inside. Be careful though some of these places in the Latin Quarter can be a bit pricy. When I go to Paris I am content with finding a little sandwich or crepe stand on the corner and walking around while eating. One great thing to do is grab a bottle of wine and a baguette and sit in the park under the Eiffel Tower in the summer. It is very relaxing and amazing to be hanging out in one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
From the fashions designers on the Champs-Élysées, to the Catholic monks in the French Basilicas, the French possess a culture like no other and they are proud of it. The Parisian, are known to be rude, yet I have been to Paris multiple times and have yet to run into someone who was rude. I did almost get ripped off in a café one time but other than that the Parisians are nice. I could on adding pages among pages to this review about the things to do in Paris, but I am a strong believer that the best trip is a trip where one figures out where to go and what to do on their own. So ultimately the best way to see Paris is to explore it yourself. I highly, highly recommend going to Paris. You'll never regret it!
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The first problem is batting one of the worst hitters in baseball second. I don't get it.
I miss Adam Dunn.
WVRedsFan (07-24-2013)
We're still in this. If this game drags on until 2 am, I hope they at least can squeak out a win. The last two days/games, we've only used Simon for 2 innings, so he pen is at least fresh.
Reynolds minimizes the damage.
Reds need to get to Zito here. Bochy will pull out all the stops to win this game and will empty his pen.
Teach tolerance.
Well..swinging like that is no way to get into their already depleted pen.
Zito scuffles last inning, walks 2 and the pitch count is up.
3 pitches = 2 outs.
The Giants also don't have a tired pen or anything. Can't walk your way to the World Series.
Do the Giants play their outfield extra shallow, or is it an AT&T park thing? Seems like the OF are incredibly shallow.
Now, if The Todd can yak one...
Frazier smacks one to the wall for a triple, and it's 5-3!
Should have blocked the plate.
Eric Stratton, Rush Chairman. Damn glad to meet ya.
Kiko (07-24-2013)
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


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Mario Chalmers, an inconsequential guy on the team, is often hungry and thinks Elf is one of the funniest movies in the world.
But to Swift, well-versed in Hollywood dating, this is inconsequential.
You are sending a signal that says any Western response to his actions will be inconsequential.
"characterized by inconsequence," 1620s; "not worth noticing," 1782; see inconsequent + -al (1). Related: Inconsequentially.


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Only hotels in Lovedale are listed below. Find discounted hotel accommodations in or close to Lovedale, Australia for your corporate or personal leisure travel. We show the best Lovedale hotel/motel rooms. Review the Lovedale hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Lovedale hotels.
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World Bank Vice President for Africa to Pay Historic Visit to Madagascar for Development Talks
ANTANANARIVO, May 13, 2014 – The World Bank Vice President for the Africa Region, Mr. Makhtar Diop, will arrive in Antananarivo on Thursday, May 15 for a four-day working visit. He will meet with... Show More +
Zoellick Congratulates Dr. Jim Yong Kim as New World Bank Group President
Washington, April 16, 2012 — World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick today congratulated Dr. Jim Yong Kim for being chosen to become the 12th president of the development institution and offered... Show More +
Statement from Dr. Jim Yong Kim regarding his selection by the World Bank's Executive Directors as 12th President of the World Bank
WASHINGTON, April 16, 2012 - Dr. Jim Yong Kim today released a statement in response to his selection by the World Bank's Executive Directors as 12th President of the World Bank: "I am honored to... Show More +
World Bank's Executive Directors Select Dr. Jim Yong Kim 12th President of the World Bank Group
WASHINGTON, April 16, 2012 - The Executive Directors met today to select a new President of the World Bank Group. The Board expressed its deep gratitude for Mr. Robert B. Zoellick's outstanding leadership... Show More +
Fact Sheet: The Joint IFI Action Plan – Vienna Initiative
Launched at the height of the global financial crisis, the Joint IFI Action Plan and the European Banking Coordination 'Vienna' Initiative (EBCI) provided a significant financial contribution to rescue... Show More +
Governance Matters for Growth and Jobs in Middle East and North Africa
WASHINGTON, September 21, 2011 – A new World Bank report, Middle East and North Africa Economic Developments and Prospects: Investing for Growth and Jobs highlights the important links between good governance... Show More +
African Migration Generates Win-Win Benefits, Says New Report
Latest findings from joint World Bank, AfDB researchWASHINGTON, DC, March 30, 2011 – With about 30 million Africans living outside their home countries, migration is a vital lifeline for the continent.... Show More +
Seeking Collaboration and Shared Knowledge, League of Arab States and World Bank Group Agree on Economic Integration Agenda
Sharm el-Sheikh, January 18, 2011 – To strengthen and enhance collaboration in the areas of economic and social development in the Arab World, the League of Arab States (LAS) and the World Bank Group today... Show More +


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During a visitation on August 14, a caustic and angry Casey reared her head and jurors were seen taking notes.
But also to have all those survivor and visitation rights and tax breaks and everything like that.
The Tunguska asteroid event was so unusual that witnesses believed it was a visitation from a vengeful god.
c.1300, "a visit by an ecclesiastical representative to examine the condition of a parish, abbey, etc.," from Latin visitationem (nominative visitatio), noun of action from past participle stem of visitare (see visit). The supernatural sense of "a sight, appearance" is attested from mid-14c.


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29 June 15 | The Straits Times
IN RECENT months, there has been renewed interest in the construction of the Kra canal in Thailand, which could pose a potential threat to the viability of the port of Singapore. However, given the dynamics of the world economy, Singapore is more likely to face bigger challenges in maintaining its status as a premier transhipment hub posed from elsewhere. Below are some of the challenges that...
PM Lee opens PSA's S$3.5b Pasir Panjang development
24 June 15 | The Business Times by MELISSA TAN
SingaporeA S$3.5 billion project to add 15 mega containership berths to the Pasir Panjang terminal was officially opened on Tuesday, incidentally the 43rd anniversary of the arrival of the first containership in Singapore.The new berths, part of Pasir Panjang Terminal Phases 3 and 4, will each be able to handle up to a million containers or twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) a year when fully...
Pasir Panjang Terminal's $3.5b expansion kicks off
24 June 15 | The Straits Times by ADRIAN LIM
THE $3.5 billion Phase 3 and 4 development of Pasir Panjang Terminal was officially launched yesterday, further strengthening Singapore's position as a leading shipping hub. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong highlighted the crucial role that the port has played in positioning Singapore globally when he opened the facility yesterday. If Singapore's port was not connected directly to other major ports...
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A method includes changing a read reference level for reading a group of memory cells as a function of changes in a threshold voltage distribution of a different group of memory cells. The changing step includes determining a history read reference level for correct reading of at least one history cell, selecting a memory read reference level according to the first read reference level, and reading non-volatile memory array cells associated with the at least one history cell using the memory read reference level.
1. A method comprising: determining a history read reference level for correct reading of at least one history cell; selecting a memory read reference level according to said history read reference level; and reading non-volatile memory array cells associated with said at least one history cell using said memory read reference level.
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14. A method comprising: changing a read reference level for reading a group of memory cells as a function of changes in a threshold voltage distribution of a different group of memory cells, determining a history read reference level for correct reading of at least one history cell according to said changing; selecting a memory read reference level according to said history read reference level; and reading non-volatile memory array cells associated with said at least one history cell using said memory read reference level.
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The present invention relates to non-volatile memory cells generally and to methods of reading them in particular.
Dual bit memory cells are known in the art. One such memory cell is the NROM (nitride read only memory) cell 10, shown in
Bits 12 and 14 are individually accessible, and thus, may be programmed (conventionally noted as a '0'), erased (conventionally noted as a '1') or read separately. Reading a bit (12 or 14) involves determining if a threshold voltage Vt, as seen when reading the particular bit, is above (programmed) or below (erased) a read reference voltage level RD.
The difference between the two threshold voltages PV and EV is a window W0 of operation. Read reference voltage level RD is typically placed within window W0 and can be generated, as an example, from a read reference cell. The read reference cell is usually, but not necessarily, in a non-native state, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,490,204, assigned to the common assignee of the present invention, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. In such case, the threshold voltage of read reference cell may be at the RD level in
The signal from the bit being read is then compared with a comparison circuit (e.g. a differential sense amplifier) to the signal generated by the read reference level, and the result should determine if the array cell is in a programmed or erased state. Alternatively, instead of using a reference cell, the read reference signal can be an independently generated voltage or a current signal. Other methods to generate a read reference signal are known in the art.
Since the sensing scheme circuitry may not be perfect, and its characteristics may vary at different operating and environmental conditions, margins M0 and M1 are typically required to correctly read a '0' and a '1', respectively. As long as the programmed and erased distributions are beyond these margins, reliable reads may be achieved.
The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Applicants have realized that the window of operation may change over time as the cells go through multiple erase and programming cycles. The window of operation may shrink and/or may drift, both of which may affect the accuracy of the read operation.
Reference is now made to
Although each bit may be erased to a threshold voltage below erase voltage EV, erase distribution 40 may appear to be shifted slightly above erase voltage EV. Applicants have realized that this may be due to the fact that the two bits of a cell have some effect on each other. If both bits are erased, then the threshold voltage of each bit may be below erase voltage EV (as indicated by the smaller distribution 44 within erase distribution 40). However, if one of the bits is programmed while the other bit is erased, the threshold voltage of the erased bit may appear higher, due to the programmed state of the other bit. This is indicated by the second small distribution 46 within erase distribution 40, some of whose bits may have threshold voltages that appear to be above erase voltage EV. This is typically referred as a "second bit effect".
Applicants have additionally realized that, after repeated program and erase cycles, programmed distribution 42 may shift below programming voltage PV. This may be due to charge redistribution within the trapping layer, aging characteristics, or retention properties of the cells after many erase/program cycles. This downward shift of the programmed distribution 42 is time and temperature dependent, and the shift rate also depends on the number of program/erase cycles that the cell has experienced in its past.
The result of these shifting distributions may be to shrink the window of operation to a different window Wm of operation. Applicants have realized that the different window Wm may or may not be aligned with the original window W0.
As mentioned in the Background, a margin M1 may be required to compensate circuit deficiencies and to ensure a correct read of an erased bit. The original placement of the erased bits below the EV level (typically after an erase operation), provided a larger than M1 margin, and thus a reliable read of '1' bits. Unfortunately, as shown in
Reference is now made to
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, shortly after an erase and a program operation (
If the cells have already passed multiple programming and erase cycles, then, after a period of time, the distributions may shift. In
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for the situation of
It will be appreciated that read levels RD1 and RD2 would not successfully read the distribution of
Selecting which read level to utilize at any given time may be done in any suitable manner and all such methods are included in the present invention. An example is shown in
A specific example is shown in
Another example is shown in
The history cells 64 may be utilized to determine the most appropriate reference read level to use for reading the subset of memory cells 62 to which they are associated. The reference read level, or more preferably, the highest reference read level, that may produce a correct readout of history cells 64 (a '0' readout, since the history cells 64 typically are in a programmed state) may be utilized to read its associated subset of memory cells 62.
The reference read level used to correctly read history cell 64 may be known as a "history read reference level". The associated subset of memory cells 62 may be read with a "memory read reference level" which may be the same as the history read reference level or it may have a margin added to it.
In one example, there may be three available reference read levels RD1>RD2>RD3. If a programmed history cell 64 is incorrectly read using RD(j) (i.e. it is read as erased), but correctly read using RD(j+1), then the associated subset of memory cells 62 may preferably be read using the RD(j+1) reference read level, with or without a margin added to it.
Alternatively, if a programmed history cell 64 cannot be read with enough margin (Mh) using RD(j) (i.e. it is read as erased using RD(j)+Mh), but can be read with enough margin using RD(j+1) (i.e. it is read as programmed using RD(j+1)+Mh), then the associated subset of memory cells 62 may preferably be read using the RD(j+1) reference read level. The margin Mh may be defined as the amount of desired margin between the reliable readout of the history cell and the reliable readout of the memory cells 62 associated therewith.
The most appropriate reference read level to be used for reading each of the subsets of memory cells 62 may be determined in any one of a number of ways, of which four are described hereinbelow.
These operations may be performed "on the fly" (before reading the associated subset of memory cells 62) in applications that allow sufficient time to read the history cells 64 vs. the different read reference levels and to determine the optimal memory read reference level for reading the associated subset of memory cells 62. Alternatively, the history cells 64 may be read at predetermined times and, after analyzing the readouts and choosing the appropriate read reference level for each set of history cells, the results may be stored for later use when a read of memory cells 62 may be required. Such predetermined times may be at power-up of the device, prior to or after long operations (e.g. program or erase) or at idle times. The history cells 64 may be read serially, in parallel, and in a mixed serial/parallel form.
The history cells 64 may be of the same type of multi bit NROM cells as the array memory cells 62. They may be operated in a one bit per cell mode, in a dual bit per cell mode, or in a multilevel mode. The programmed state of history cells 64 may be achieved by programming only one or both bits in their cells. The history cells 64 may be erased close to, together with, or while erasing their associated memory cells 62. The programming of the history cells may be performed shortly after erasing them and their associated memory cells 62, or close to programming a subset of bits in their associated memory cells 62.
While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
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Men's Rocky® 10 inch Sport Utility Pro Waterproof 1,000-gram Thinsulate Ultra Insulated Boots, Soggy Brown
Men's Rocky® 10" Sport Utility Pro Waterproof 1,000 - gram Thinsulate Ultra Insulated Boots, Soggy Brown
Item # WX2-216885
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Rocky® 10" Sport Utility Pro WATERPROOF 1,000 - gram Insulated Boots keep your feet running on all cylinders!
The closest you'll get to 4WD with only two feet! Seriously, your feet will be as responsive as you need them to be... no more numb toes thanks to the plentiful 1,000 grams of Thinsulate Ultra Insulation, and no more slippery steps because the multi-directional outsole finds a solid grip no matter which direction your feet are headed.The whole story:
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State Size and Width, as available in the Shopping Cart.
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Men's Rocky 10 Sport Utility Pro Waterproof 1,000 - gram Thinsulate Ultra Insulated Boots, Soggy Brown is rated out of 5 by 1.Rated 5 out of 5 by WARREN T from Top quality boots.Date published: 2014-02-21
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
34 year old woman | New York, NY, USA | Seeking men 25-40 within 15 miles
i'm awkward and ridiculous!
i can be incredibly awkward, funny and sarcastic, and at times inappropriate.. always enjoy a good story or a bad joke..probably got my history and sociology b.a. because i enjoy trivia and judging people..speak drunk french and japanese..favorite athletes are ray allen (although i'm feeling conflicted now that he's with the heat,) and mike lowell (i am from boston after all..) i'm looking for a funny guy! someone who could have a low-key weekend hanging about the city but could would also be up for something random like rock climbing or late-night bowling and beer. i'm not the type of girl who wants to wait in line at a club and pay a cover to get in somewhere pretentious, looking for someone to hang out with and have a good time!
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Bowling, Cycling, Inline skating, Other types of exercise, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs
love to travel, hate airports. in the past few years i've been to barcelona, berlin, milan, london, southern france, vegas, venice and paris. enjoy a good road trip, a weekend in maine, or just hanging about the city finding somewhere new
Parsons The New School for Design, New York, NY
i'll watch anything hilarious, especially if there's an awkward element (think arrested development), breakfast anytime, the spicier the better, quite enjoy live music, listen to an eclectic mix from the smiths and the strokes to opera and jay-z
i'm open to anything other than the aquarium (oddly afraid of fish.) in my free time i'm usually hanging out with friends in a backyard, at a bar, using a groupon to try something new like a dance class or screen printing!
One book on salvador dali, one on Anne Boleyn and Henry Tudor, and a book on the customs and culture of Romania (going to Paris, Tel Aviv and Bucharest in March!)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'5" (165cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 6'7" (200cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Moderately
|Fashion / Model / Beauty
|No preference
i design menswear
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Not sure
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|Graduate degree
|No preference


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Gloves of Celestial Harmony
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Item boilerplate · Boilerplate help · Research: Wowhead WoWDB
- Gloves of Celestial Harmony
- Item Level 553
- Binds when picked up
- Hands
- 2992 Armor
- +2319 Stamina
+1386 Intellect
- +965 Haste
+915 Mastery
- Red Socket
Red Socket
- Socket Bonus: +120 Intellect
- Durability 55 / 55
- Classes: Shaman
- Requires level 90
- Sell Price: 18 41 94
- Celestial Harmony Regalia (5 pieces)
- [Gloves of Celestial Harmony]
[Headpiece of Celestial Harmony]
[Leggings of Celestial Harmony]
[Shoulderwraps of Celestial Harmony]
[Hauberk of Celestial Harmony]
- (2) Set: Fulmination increases all Fire and Nature damage dealt to that target from the Shaman by 4% for 2 sec per Lightning Shield charge consumed.
(4) Set: Your Lightning Bolt and Chain Lightning spells have a chance to summon a Lightning Elemental to fight by your side for 10 sec.
Part of the Elemental Shaman-aimed Celestial Harmony Regalia gear set.
Source Edit
This item is dropped by the following world bosses:
This item is also sold by:
- Clarice Chapmann <Raid Vendor>
- Ki'agnuu <Raid Vendor>
Patch changes Edit
- Patch 5.4.0 (10-Sep-2013) Added.


text:
BMW 530i Problem Report
BMW 530i Heavy rain causes water to collect on rear floor boards
(20 reports)
During a heavy or prolonged rain (or carwash) water collects on the rear interior floor boards. There appear to be two major causes for this - mine had the more frequent of the two. One is that the sunroof drains can get clogged. The drains run down the c-pillars just behind the rear doors and if clogged the water backs up and runs down onto the floors. The other, more frequent issue is a torn or unglued noise baffle/vapor barrier that is in each rear door. Rain water goes down inside the door at the bottom of the glass and that vapor barrier directs the water flow to a drain at the bottom-front of the door. The glue/sealant that holds that barrier to the door frame can go bad - when that happens the water goes inside the car rather than down the drain. Re-seal the barrier and the problem goes away. Be careful to do research, or take it to a pro if you have rear door airbags - if they deploy while your head is in front of the door it can kill you. For a car w/o airbags like mine - it took me about 20 minutes for each rear door to remove the door panel and put new sealant on the barrier. - wcraft
12 people like this
I had this problem twice: once on each side of the back seat. It was due to faulty plastic seal in the doors. - Visitor
3 people like this
I live in socal so we don't get much rain but when it does i know to keep the car in the garage which is very annoying. Otherwise, the floor boards get drenched with water build up from the cheap rubber seals along the rear doors go bad quickly. - jflo626
1 person likes this
Rear driver side floor gets wet in heavy rain, was the vapor barrier. - Visitor
1 person likes this
Started a month ago with water collecting on the rear driver side floor board. Very heavy rain last night and I have 2-3 inches on the rear floor board. Very disturbing - Visitor
collect behind the driver's seat....not sure if seal in sun roof is compromised or back door, or plugs blocked... - Visitor
gonna pull the interior rear door covers off and look at the seal - Visitor
after washing the car or when it rains. water will collect in the bottom of the door frames - Visitor
Rear driver side carpet soaked. - Visitor
I just purchased my 2002 BMW 530i, and just realized the problem! When there is heavy rain, the floor in the back gets saturated! I have no idea how to fix this! - Visitor
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