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September 20, 2013
Vietnamese Children Celebrate World Rhino Day
In celebration of World Rhino Day, hundreds of Vietnamese schoolchildren learned about endangered rhinos.
September 9, 2013
European Commission Introduces Legislative Proposal on Invasive Alien Species
HSI called upon the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union to provide greater opportunity to restrict the import and keeping of exotic species as pets,.
September 6, 2013
DEFRA Minister David Heath Accused of Misleading MP about Badger Cull Suffering
Farming Minister David Heath misled a fellow Member of Parliament about the transparency of badger cull humaneness assessments.
September 4, 2013
A Night with the Wounded Badger Patrol
As the second of the two pilot culls began in his home county of Gloucestershire, HSI/UK's Mark Jones joined one of the Wounded Badger Patrols.
August 28, 2013
Badger Cull Roll-Out Plans: Could Your County Be Next?
As the badger cull got underway in Somerset and Gloucestershire, we worked on our response to the government's draft strategy for achieving "Officially Bovine Tuberculosis-Free" status for England.
August 27, 2013
HSI/UK Appalled as Badger Killing Begins
As the government's badger cull began, HSl/UK continued to oppose the slaughter and promote more humane and effective solutions to the problem of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. With other animal welfare groups, the public, veterinarians and scientists, HSI/UK called on the government to recognise the widespread opposition to the cull and bring the travesty to an end.
August 27, 2013
Campaign Launched to Reduce Demand for Rhino Horn
The Vietnam government authority responsible for implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and Humane Society International announced a long-term public awareness campaign aimed at reducing demand for rhino horn.
August 27, 2013
Dr Jane Goodall Calls for Badger Cull to Be Abandoned
As the government's cull of badgers was slated to begin in Somerset and Gloucestershire, UN Messenger of Peace Dr Jane Goodall made an 11th hour video plea to abandon the badger cull for the sake of compassion and common sense.
August 26, 2013
'Fins Naturally Attached' Policy Adopted to Protect Sharks
India's Ministry of Environment and Forests issued a 'fins naturally attached' policy requiring fisheries to land sharks in coastal states with their fins intact.
August 12, 2013
"Bye Bye, Shark Fins! Cycling for Sharks" Event in Beijing Raises Awareness of Cruel Shark Finning
A citywide "Bye Bye Shark Fins! Cycling for Sharks" event in the heart of Beijing raised public awareness and support for sharks, whose numbers are declining worldwide due to the cruel shark finning trade.


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|Openstack_security_project -- OWASP OpenStack Security Project - AppSec for OpenStack
|About Openstack_security_project
The OWASP OpenStack Security Project is an effort to provide security testing techniques and tools to assess the security of the OpenStack code base. Generally speaking, the OpenStack community is primarily developers of OpenStack and companies which are implementing all or parts of OpenStack. This project provides a bridge between the OpenStack community and the OWASP community of security professionals. The project leader is also a member of OpenStack and is a member of the OpenStack Security Group. OpenStack has the desire to be the Linux of Cloud infrastructure and OWASP can be the community that ensures the security of that Cloud.
To see the collection of prior postings to the list, visit the Openstack_security_project Archives.
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version 2.1.13

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You simply will not find a company that's more rewarding to do business with.
Qualified, Unlimited Leads
Through our lead program, AHCP is creating a "Cycle of Success" for producers. The more business issued through AHCP's carriers, the more lead credits you earn. Never cold call again! Through innovative, proprietary technology and a team of internal screeners, AHCP's lead management grades and qualifies leads, driving up conversion rates and investing in our agents' businesses.
Customer Relationship Management
AHCP agents have exclusive access to proprietary technology that allows them to effectively manage their sales from lead status and submitted sales to issued, paid production. AHCP showcases our dedication to providing sales solutions for our agents by embracing the way technology enhances efficiency.
Health Care Reform Products
Always evolving with the industry, AHCP agents have access to multiple, A-rated carriers covering most lines of insurance. As the landscape continues to change with health care reform, AHCP management is prepared to team with the right carriers and is committed to the development of both proprietary and white-labeled products.
Reliable, Competitive Commissions
Large commissions and optional advances help agents earn more for each sale. Through AHCP's flexible, per-policy commission structure, agents are jump starting their carriers and effectively managing their financial futures.
Incentives and Bonuses
AHCP offers lucrative sales incentives, bonus opportunities and luxurious trips, in addition to programs offered by our carrier partners. Goals are set individually and designed to push agents to the next level of their career.
Live and On-Demand Training
AHCP agents have access to endless opportunities to learn more about our products, services, technology and sales techniques. They can attend live trainings, either online or over the phone, hosted by industry experts. Additionally, we offer prerecorded trainings and resources through which agents can train at their own pace.
Dedicated Agent Support
Our highly-trained, friendly staff is here to support insurance agents. No matter the question or concern, our agents are confident, knowing assistance is never more than a phone call or email away.
Unmatched Leadership
AHCP's management team brings more than 25 years of industry experience. Our recent alliance with VelaPoint and NGIC, formerly GMAC, allows AHCP and its partners to navigate the ever-changing challenges in our industry, while providing the products, tools and support you need.


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OI! Are you better now?!
Hey sissy congrats on your first title in RTE
Oi! You done that promo yet?
Naw. He's all like, "Awwwwwwwww! Kittens!"
At least that's what I'd do.
Never underestimate the power of a kitten.
OK you wore me down.
I plead the fifth!
You're mean.
I'm going to cheer myself up with a bowl of fruity pebbles.
I've got all his t-shirts in every colour!
The Trinity
Black Ninja!
Normal Member
© 2011 eWrestlingNews, All Rights Reserved.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
33 year old man | San Diego, CA, USA | Seeking women 23-40 within 50 miles
Active within 3 days
Let's see if we match!
Hello...about me; I'm a Professional in the Insurance Business who is very independent, consider myself to be down to earth, easy going, spontaneous, out going, funny, career driven, spiritual, loving, caring (big heart), very family oriented, love life and like to live a drama free life. Love to laugh, smile and enjoy life to the fullest! I enjoy being with friends, going out and meeting new people. I'm from Northern California and also where my family is. I've been living in San Diego almost 10 years now; moved down here shortly after finishing school. I'd like to meet new people since I don't know many here in SD and when you're constantly working, it can be hard to get out there meet others. I like someone who is outgoing, spontanous, fun...someone who loves life and wants the most out of it. A big kid at heart but serious when need be. I'm very open minded and hopefully will make new friends!
Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Political interests , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Aerobics, Baseball, Basketball, Dancing, Football, Golf, Swimming, Weights / Machines
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Dogs
I have a miniature Pinscher who's the cutest and smartest dog ever! He's like a son...my best friend. Without him, I'd go crazy...
Middle of the Road
Desire something new....epic!!!!
California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
Must have music...hip-hop, pop, R&B, Christian/gospel, Gospel Rap, some alternative. I like to cook but need to learn how to cook more things...can you help?
Love sports, playing and watching...love spending time with my dog Samson and being with family and friends. Enjoy going out and being social...I love to have fun and be around good company!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|No preference
|No preference
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Other profession
|No preference
|$75,001 to $100,000
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live away from home (1)
|Wants kids:
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic
|No preference
I love Korean food...best food on earth! Been to Puerto Rico twice...now I must go to Korea to see where I was born!
|Christian / Protestant
|No preference
I've been raised in church since I was 3 years old...Assembly of God churches is what I'm accustomed to. Love youth groups!
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Business Degree from Sacramento State University with a concentration in Strategic Management.


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Located at the lower level of the Millbrook Mall at 2 Herald Avenue in Corner Brook, the Humber Community YMCA provides a wide range of community based programs.
In order to view this page you need Flash Player 9+ support!
YMCA programs are proven to have a positive impact on children, youth and families, dramatically enhancing their health and overall well-being, both today and well into the future.
When: July 6 - August 28, 2015
Where: 2 Locations - Humber Elementary and St. Gerard's
Cost: $20.00/day for each child
Registration fee: $20.00 per family (non-refundable)
Age: 5 - 12 years
Time: 8:00am - 5:30pm
Please note:
* Fees MUST to be prepaid at the YMCA in order to attend Summer Day Camp. Parents must bring the confirmation receipt to camp when dropping off children. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE IS AVAILABLE THROUGHT CANADIAN TIRE JUMPSTART.
* Once a child is registered, there are NO REFUNDS or TRANSFERRING OF DAYS if they are not in attendance.
Children Must Have the Following:
* Sunscreen!!
* Extra change of clothing
* Hat or baseball cap
* Indoor sneakers
* Snacks and lunches
* Lots of water!
Children are strongly encouraged NOT to bring electronics to camp. There will be lots of fun games and activities to participate in. (The YMCA is not responsible for lost or broken items)
Can you believe we've passed the half-way mark already?!?!? The participants have been training in the sun, wind and rain and are doing fantastic!!!! Keep up the great work.
If you weren't able to join this time around, no worries, because we're contemplating running another Couch to 5K this fall so keep your eyes peeled for that.
We are now at the end of April and can you believe that we have maintained well over 1100 members? That is incredible. It's good to see the snow finally going and we expect our numbers begin to drop once people take their activities out into the beautiful fresh air! In the meantime, if you're not fond of the roads and trails as they're in the process of drying up, why not come on in, meet up with a friend and see what we have to offer to keep you nice and dry. Our spring fitness schedule remains pretty much intact as it did over the winter with all kinds of fitness goodness!!!
The Bay St. George YMCA branch of the YMCA's of Western Newfoundland recently had their 1st Annual Strong Kids Campaign Fitness Blast Fundraiser and raised more than $850!!! All monies raised will enable them to assist individuals and families in the area who do not have the capacity to pay for health and wellness. A huge thank you to all who volunteered and participated. Your generous donation is greatly appreciated.
It's great to see that not much has changed for the Childminding numbers which remains quite high.
All of our Childcare Staff in our Afterschool Programs and our Playing to Learn Programs have been working very hard over the course of the school year to provide much needed childcare to working parents and invaluable learning for our preschoolers. Won't be long now before they'll be winding down the school year and getting excited about their summer break.
Our Community Youth Network continues to remain busy with lots of activities for our youth. From movies to pool to many fun activities, it's great to see youth dropping by to connect with their peers in a safe and fun environment.
Our Cap Site, which provides free internet access to the public, is open to a steady, daily stream of individuals who wish to surf the net for various reasons. While most individuals are just looking to browse the latest happenings on Facebook, etc. a lot of individuals are seeking help in finding employment, retrieving their banking information or looking to pay a bill. In any case, we are pleased to offer this free service to our community.
We hope this gives you a little snapshot of some of the many great things we do here at the YMCA. Stay tuned for our next update this summer.
We look forward to seeing you soon.
There are many ways you can help the Humber Community YMCA. Whether you make a donation, become a member, participate in an event or by volunteering your time. Any contribution imade is greatly appreciated.
Mon-Thu - 6:00am to 9:30pm
Fri - 6:00am to 8:30pm
Sat - 8:00am to 7:30pm
Sun - 12:00pm to 9:30pm
Humber Community YMCA
2 Herald Avenue
P.O. Box 836
Corner Brook, NL
Phone (709) 639-9676
Fax (709) 634-9622
The YMCA is one of Canada's leading charities.
Many families in our community can't do it alone.
Help someone enjoy fun and healthy family experiences at YMCA Camps, our Fitness Studio or our nurturing values-based Y after school program.
YMCA Employment Programs, leadership training and learning courses can help youth reach their potential.
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Bill Whatcott is not the anti-gay activist we have been led to believe in. If he is, he would not remind homosexuals to wear condoms and abstain from sexual activities that are responsible for producing and spreading HIV and AIDS.… Continue reading
Pride parade RSS
E-Street: We asked readers: What are your thoughts on the Pope's recent comment, "If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?"
Pope Francis is trying his best to be the Parade Marshall this weekend for the Pride Parade, no doubt. Paul Davey, Vancouver Good for him, but would he perform a gay wedding? Madelaine Lawson The emphasis is on "searches … Continue reading
Upcoming SUMMER FESTIVALS include the Harmony Arts Fest, Pride Parade and Festival, Squamish Valley Music Fest, Powell Street Fest, plus Out of Town Festivals
FESTIVALS Squamish Days and Loggers Sports Festival Features two logger sports shows, children's activities, a parade, wacky bed races, a 10-km run, pancake breakfast and more. • Squamish Logger Sports Grounds, 39555 Loggers Lane • Aug. 1-5 • 604-815-7292, squamishdays.ca… Continue reading


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SM City Rosales Macarthur Highway Barangay Carmen East , Rosales, Pangasinan, +63(75)6960052
Showtimes for Today, 24 Jun
San Andreas
Action, Drama, Thriller
Cinema 1: 12:30 PM 03:00 PM 05:30 PM 08:00 PM
Opening Date: May 28, 2015In the aftermath of a massive earthquake in California, a rescue-chopper pilot makes a dangerous journey across the state in order to rescue his estranged daughter. (From IMDb)
You're Still The One
Romance, Drama
Cinema 2: 12:30 PM 03:00 PM 05:30 PM 08:00 PM
Ellise (Maja Salvador), a tough-spirited college student, finds herself in the company of Jojo (Dennis Trillo) after settling their issues involving her grades. Jojo tries to woo Ellise, but she makes it clear to him that she is not looking for a boyfriend. Years later, Ellise learns something ab...
Adventure, Mystery, Sci-Fi
Cinema 3: 12:00 PM 02:40 PM 05:20 PM 08:00 PM
Opening Date: May 22, 2015Bound by a shared destiny, a teen bursting with scientific curiosity and a former boy-genius inventor embark on a mission to unearth the secrets of a place somewhere in time and space that exists in their collective memory. (From IMDb)
Pitch Perfect 2
Comedy | Musical
Cinema 4: 05:30 PM 08:00 PM
Collegiate a cappella group the Barden Bellas enter into an international competition that no American team has ever won. (From IMDb)


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Girl Steals A Political Sign, Then Smokes It
Oh, did we mention she's the daughter of a Honolulu mayoral candidate? And that the sign belongs to her dad's opponent?
On Thursday, Maya Caldwell, the 18-year-old daughter of Honolulu mayoral candidate Kirk Caldwell, uploaded Instagram photos of her and her friends throwing and smoking political signs from her father's opponent, Ben Cayetano.
According to Hawaii News Now, Caldwell left Hawaii for college in Massachusetts today. Her father has apologized to his opponent.
(Pro-tip: If you're going to pull a stunt like this, don't Instagram it.)


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Welcome to BrainDen.com - Brain Teasers Forum
|Welcome to BrainDen.com - Brain Teasers Forum. Like most online communities you must register to post in our community, but don't worry this is a simple free process. To be a part of BrainDen Forums you may create a new account or sign in if you already have an account.
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 07:14 PM
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 07:30 PM
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 07:51 PM
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 08:20 PM
There's some advanced math in this, so bear with me.
The one that goes first has a better chance of winning.
The probability of winning is the sum of the probabilities of each turn.
1st turn: 1/2
2nd turn (in this case, the 3rd overall flip): 1/23
3rd turn (in this case, the 5th overall flip): 1/25
So adding those: 1/2+1/23+1/25 and so on.
It's an infinite series that approaches 2/3 in value.
Therefore, the player who tosses first has almost 2x a better chance of winning.
Still surprised, try it for yourself.
Edited by dawgsrule93, 26 March 2008 - 08:22 PM.
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 08:35 PM
(and for future reference....use spoiler blocks so others can look at posts for clarification and not have the answer right in front of them.)
Going first is the better chance of getting the coin to land head first.... but going second is the way to win the money.
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 08:51 PM
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 08:56 PM
Edited by dawgsrule93, 26 March 2008 - 08:57 PM.
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 08:58 PM
You're right, i meant to say, the one who gets heads first wins $5. How do you do spoiler blocks? i am new to BrainDen. I joined yesterday.
When you post look at the left Quick Access boxes and the buttons above the typing area. Frame you're responses with Spoiler, Quotes, etc... Toggle the side panel if yours is hidden.
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 09:00 PM
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Posted 26 March 2008 - 09:19 PM
Two boys are bored, so they decide to play a coin game. They will alternate turns flipping a coin. The first one to land it on heads has to pay the other $5 dollars. The 2nd boy, being a gentleman, gives the 1st boy a decision, to go first or second. Which has the better chance, going 1st or 2nd, of landing heads first and how?
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0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


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Is the BMW LED Canbus brake light worth the $?
I like easy so plug and play means a lot to me. Looking for a little more "hey I'm braking up here on I-95" and want an easy to install, but effective alert to the butt riding tools on I-95.
Is the BMW part work the extra coin compared to a Hyperlite or other application? I don't want Canbus issues or soldering work.
Doesn't your '12 already have an LED tail/brake light? I thought those started as standard equipment in 2008.
2. Hyperlites 16 LED version will provide PLENTY of reward visibility without CANBUS issues or a trip to the BMW dealer to have a "software change to LED". Just get the Hyperlites and be done with it.
3. Soldering isn't rocket science....learn it...you'll have a new capability that can/will serve you well.
I think you can find how to install one on the MOA website somewhere.
The BMW light is on always as a taillight and when you first hit the brake it flashes very quickly for maybe two flashes and then is constant and a little brighter than normal. It's almost as if it flickers. It's not a big show for sure.
No, the R1200RT has never had an LED taillight.
A more effective brake / running like would be the P3 lights, easy install, and much brighter than the bmw light:
I have the Skeen P3 LED's on the rear - highly visible during riding and braking. What appealed to me is the way they oscillate, they really grab your attention...
Sent from my DROID RAZR using Tapatalk 2
I have one of these. It works. No Can-Bus issues. It is very bright. 30 minute install.
If you want an omelet, you have to break some eggs. Using posi-taps to connect electrical bits is so easy a 6 year old could do it.
Me, I'm an egg breaker. (and I am hoping that the OP looks around and sees that most GS owners are "egg breakers" and learns how to do it himself too)
I'm thinking about making a red LED panel shaped like a octagonal stop sign with a fabric base and velcro that I can attach to the various jackets that I wear when riding that plugs into a yet-to-be installed connector in parallel with the tailight. LEDs are very easy work with and somewhat forgiving. The circuit is merely resistors, LEDs and wires that can be sewn or glued to a piece of heavy ballistic fabric.
Tap the brakes and a red stop sign lights up on your back leaving no doubt that your brakes are applied. Remember the Electric Horseman?
Then, amber turn signal arrows flanking the octagonal stop sign...now you've got some serious rear signaling going on, the current draw is very low and the wiring is simple.
If I can find a 10 minute plug and play I'll pay a little more. Otherwise I'll break out the soldering iron and the butane torch.
FYI, you are probably going to want to put other accessories on your GSA, and for that you'll need a fuse block anyway...which could power a different LED brake light...
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water sampling Companies in Alabama
General Oceanics Inc.
based in Miami, FLORIDA (USA)
From inception, the company`s goal has been to design and manufacture the highest quality instrumentation and water sampling products available to the oceanographic community. In January 1992, General Oceanics Inc. created the G.O. Environmental Division. The goal of G.O. Environmental is to develop products for the air and water environmental industry. Agressive research ...
TOC Systems, Inc.
based in League City, TEXAS (USA)
TOC Systems leads in total organic carbon(TOC), BODc, CODc, nitrogen, oil in water, alkalinity, infrared gas analyzers, EL Paso stripper, phosphorus, pre-engineered systems.
Johnson March Systems, Inc.
based in Ivyland, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
Johnson March Systems is a Pennsylvania corporation in business for the past 70 years. With its original focus on industrial applications of Chem-Jet dust suppression systems, the company has grown to be a worldwide leader in chemical feed dosing packages, sampling analysis panels, and chlorination systems.
Hertel Solutions
based in Herefordshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Hertel Solutions offers specialist water treatment, risk assessment and monitoring services to the public sector, commercial leisure and tourism, retail and food industries. For new and replacement water systems, Hertel Solutions design, install and commission complete systems. As a registered training centre, we provide City & Guilds accredited training in water services ...
AERO-LASER GmbH
based in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GERMANY
Aero Laser GmbH was founded in Garmisch Partenkirchen. We are an international company that focuses on the development and distribution of high-technology products in the field of air and gas monitoring, specifically Formaldehyde Monitoring, CO-Monitoring and Peroxide Monitoring. We concentrate on environmental monitoring and offer a wide range of monitoring ...
CleanStream c/o Marshall Pump Systems Ltd.
based in Oldham, UNITED KINGDOM
CleanStream is the Water treatment division of Marshall Pump Systems Ltd, a development of the engineering company George Sumner Ltd. George Sumner is still trading today, supplying sub-contract engineering services. After the First World War and the decline in the local textile industry, George Sumner Ltd diversified into the wider industrial market and this eventually ...
CEL Scientific Corporation
based in Cerritos, CALIFORNIA (USA)
We are striving to become the most reliable source for the environmental and geotechnical industries. We manufacture and provide quality environmental sampling supplies at competitive prices. Products include: stainless steel soil sampling liners, Tedlar gas sampling bags, bailers, teflon rolls, and more.
Lowe Engineering Limited
based in Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Lowe Engineering has emerged as a progressive and dynamic organisation operating successfully in a number of related markets. Lowe is internationally recognised as a leading authority in the design and manufacture of sample conditioning systems for boiler water, steam, process liquids and gases in both power plant and process plant applications. Many years of close ...
WaterSam GmbH & Co. KG
based in Balingen, GERMANY
WaterSam GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 1996 by former employees of Edmund Bühler GmbH, the one-time market leader in the sampler industry. We have since become one of the leading manufacturers of automated samplers and monitoring stations, with a worldwide presence and sales network. Exclusively designed and manufactured in Germany, our samplers feature high-quality ...
Soilmoisture Equipment Corp.
based in Goleta, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Soil moisture monitoring instrumentation. Every day, universities, colleges, government agencies, commercial agriculture and industry around the world rely on Soilmoisture agronomic equipment. Over the years we have built a worldwide network of dealers to serve your local needs. From our location in Santa Barbara, California`s beautiful central coast, we have reputation ...


text:
Athens ✈ San Francisco
Enjoy great fares for your flights
More International Flights
Lufthansa offers you great flight deals and top offers. Whether you look for cheap flights to Europe, flights to Africa, flights to Asia or flights to US and North America, we fly you to your dream destination in the customary Lufthansa quality. Choose one way and return flights which always include taxes and charges as well as valuable miles.
San Francisco Information
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Enjoy the gem of the American West Coast. Treat yourself to a one-and-only chance to take Athens San Francisco flights (ATH - SFO). See the breath-taking city view from the Golden Gate Bridge. Feel free trying your hand at surfing in the San Francisco Bay. Feel a thrill running down your spine when visiting Alcatraz Island. Get in touch with nature in Yosemite National Park with its huge, otherworldly sequoia trees. Spoil your taste buds sampling a selection of vintage locally made wines. Then, take in some of the truly unique views along the cable car routes as you move through the city's rich history. And to round it off, don't forget the Wax Figure Museum at Fisherman's Wharf. Book Athens San Francisco flights (ATH - SFO) with Lufthansa!
Weather in San Francisco
Economy Class - get to know the benefits
The generously sized and comfortable seats: a virtual journey to get to know the benefits of our Economy Class on long-haul flights.
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Arrive at your destination relaxed, rested and safe. Discover comfort we offer you on board in our Business Class..
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Even if you are not planning a trip to San Francisco, Lufthansa flies to a variety of other places throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia. Are you up to travelling to Germany? Fly to Berlin, the capital city of the country and its largest city with a very unique atmosphere, where you can admire the world-famous landmarks like the Reichstag, the Brandenburg Gate or the remains of the Berlin Wall. Travel to Frankfurt, the German and European financial center, with its individual skyline dominated, among other buildings, by skyscrapers and historical buildings. Also Munich is waiting to be explored by you. Take a flight to Munich, the Bavarian capital and the third biggest city in the country. Get to know Bavarian traditions and culture. Or would you rather go to the USA? Fly to New York! It is known as the most exciting city in the United States of America and as a city that never sleeps. Travel to Miami and take a sun bath at one of the beautiful beaches or take in some fashion events. Have you ever been to San Francisco? Use Lufthansa's cheap flights to San Francisco and explore the second most populous city in the USA after New York. It is a very popular tourist destination. So travelers can enjoy longer trips to far away and exotic destinations. Or book a weekend shopping trip or a simple visit to see your friends and family. Find out how much baggage you can take. Explore tips and information about our destinations or write your own city rating.


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Research Associate- part-time
Kelly Scientific Resources as an immediate opportunity for a Lab Associate to work with a local Biotech company in Louisville Kentucky. Laboratory Services in the area of Molecular Science/ Biochemistry. Our DNA Sequencing lab is seeking candidates with a Biological Science degree or in pursuit of a degree in the Life Sciences to work part-time approximately 20 hours per week, Tuesday - ...
May 25 -
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4802 Neshaminy BoulevardSuite 9Bensalem, PA 19020
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The Home's Exterior
Line a wall with planters to combine colours.
Side-hung windows that open onto a thriving garden add to this cottage's storybook feel. In a stoney area like this, add colour with portable planters which can be switched up every few months with seasonal flowers.
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INA D X DECOLLAGE.TV live in front of over 4,000 people at sound:frame festival 2011 (Rinderhallen / Vienna / Austria).
Diane Karner (decollage.tv), Roland Lindner (decollage.tv)
Ben Johnston-Arthur, Marc Jarabe, Marc Mamaril, Robert Hack, Thomas Hochleitner, Wince Adona
"Peace of concience" by David August
You can listen to Ina D's exclusive sound:frame "RinderhallenRevival" mix on…
The visuals are based on the music video for Ina D's "All is well" by decollage.tv
You can watch it on… vimeo.com/decollagetv/alliswell
INA D … facebook.com/DjaneInaD
DECOLLAGE.TV … decollage.tv
SOUND:FRAME FESTIVAL … soundframe.at
SOUND:FRAME AV LABEL & INT. BOOKING … av.soundframe.at/inad_decollagetv_de.php
We used the Modul 8 VJ software for this live performance … modul8.ch/
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Empire of the Moghul Raiders from the North (edition 2009)
by Alex Rutherford
Work details
Raiders from the North: Empire of the Moghul by Alex Rutherford
No current Talk conversations about this book.
It is 1494 when the tragic death of the ruler of Ferghana leaves his only son, twelve-year-old Babur, facing a seemingly impossible challenge: to live up to the example of his great ancestor, Tamburlaine, whose conquests stretched from Delhi to the Mediterranean, from wealthy Persia to the wildernesses along the Volga. But Babur is dangerously young to inherit a kingdom and, from that moment, his precarious reign will be fraught with danger, in a world of tribal rivalries, rampaging armies and ruthlessly ambitious enemies.
Impressing HF Impressed me a lot and the story telling was also good.
Impressing HF Impressed me a lot and the story telling was also good.
Book 1 of the Moghul series, part of my about India / Indian authors reads this year. Growing up in India, Moghuls form part of our History syllabus. However, the information contained in those books is quite superfluous and very biased. Hence, it was refreshing to read a third party account of the Moghuls.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
No descriptions found.
A tale inspired by the sixteenth-century rise of the Moghuls follows the adventures of a young king who leads a band of warriors against ruthless enemies in an effort to found an empire.
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OK, keeping to my word from yesterday, I'm back with my beloved cats from Khao Kheow Open Zoo (KKOZ)! This picture was taken about a month and a half ago, when the two sister Clouded Leopards were around a week shy of being five months old. Even though this is again a privileged situation insofar as me working with them inside their enclosure – as opposed to having to shoot through wire fencing – as always the main difficulty is dealing with the low ambient light, well shaded as their enclosure is.
The sisters are currently housed up at KKOZ's Clouded Leopard Breeding Compound, which is off limits to pretty much everyone who isn't working directly with these beautiful cats. Clouded Leopards are very sensitive and easily alarmed, and in order for the females to produce the necessary estrogen (US spelling: oestrogen) – which is the primary female sex hormone in both humans and animals – to get them, well, let's say frisky and in the mood for male company, they need to be kept in a relatively quiet, calm, and stress-free state.
The primary goal I am currently working toward is the construction of a new Clouded Leopard compound that will have a number of large enclosures into which some of the zoo's present Clouded Leopard population (which numbers 34 cats) can be relocated to live out the rest of the captive lives in much more comfortable and natural surroundings than the ones they live in right now.
This is a project I put forward to KKOZ's director at the end of last year, an idea he was immediately taken with, and we have his full support and encouragement. There is plenty of unused land within KKOZ, however, being that KKOZ is situated in the foothills of a mountainous region, finding a area suitable for the size we're looking at is something of a challenge, but one that we'll no doubt overcome.
Of course the principal factor upon which all this depends is raising the funds required to build this new compound, and that's where hopefully my usefulness will come into play! The idea is, once I have a decent enough sized portfolio of captivating Clouded Leopard images, we will organise a charity exhibition of my work up in Bangkok and invite as many people as possible to purchase our prints and, thereby, contribute toward a very worthy cause.
Being that the Clouded Leopard is a Vulnerable species native to Thailand, I'm aiming to awaken a sense of pride in what is a valuable part of Thailand's natural heritage, in the hope that people will appreciate how value this animal is and realise that they can play an important role in its preservation and conservation for future generations of Thailand … well, at least that's the plan anyway ;^)
In line with all this, you can now perhaps understand why I have been given special access to these marvellous cats, and appreciate that for me this is not merely about my love of wildlife photography, but a whole lot more about my passion for Clouded Leopards and my desire to do whatever I can for as many of them as I can.
Bit of a long read, then again, I only really wrote this for those of you who I know already have the patience and interest to read what I write, so I'm sure the others won't really mind – LOL ;^)
Wishing one and all a very pleasant continued weekend :^)
New Website: www.ashley-vincent.com | Blog | Fine Art America | Facebook | Flickr


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A mainframe computing system is adapted to be loaded with one of a plurality of different operating systems and different associated microcode to provide a computing system which is capable of running user programs adapted to be executed by the loaded operated system comprises a main memory for receiving the desired operating system coupled to a system bus. An instruction processor and an input/output control processor are coupled to the system bus and are provided with an instruction register for presenting user program instructions to the processors. The processor means have associated therewith microcode storage memory which receive and store a set of microcode instructions to be performed by the processors according to the program instruction stored in the instruction register. The stored microcode comprises primary microcode instructions to carry out each of the instructions in the instruction register means. No compiling or emulation is necessary to provide a software configurable computing system adapted to run user programs according to one of a plurality of operating systems loadable in the main memory.
1. A mainframe computing system of the type designed to run on one a plurality of distinctly different operating systems, comprising:
a system bus,
main memory means coupled to said system bus for receiving on boot up one of a plurality of distinctly different operating systems and user programs operable by one of the operating systems being loaded via said system bus,
input/output adapter means coupled to said system bus and to a plurality of interface peripheral controllers for controlling I/O channels,
instruction processor means for receiving said user programs from said main memory coupled to said system bus for executing user program instructions located in said main memory means;
input/output control processor means coupled to said system bus for executing user program instructions related to said input/output adapter means and for transferring data to and from said main memory to and from said input/output adapter means,
instruction register means coupled to said instruction processor means and to said input/output control processor means for presenting the user program instructions to both said processor means,
microcode storage means coupled to said instruction processor means and to said input/output control processor means for presenting primary microcode instructions to be performed by both said processor means to execute said program instruction stored in said instruction register,
predetermined microcode routines loaded on boot up in said microcode storage means for providing a series of primary microcode routines for the operating system under program instructions stored in said instruction register means, and
means for loading said predetermined microcode routines in both said processor means to provide a computing system loaded in said main memory.
2. A computing system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said instruction register means is loaded with user program instructions and wherein said instruction register is comprises a plurality of microcode fields.
3. A computing system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said plurality of microcode fields are variable and/or changeable and said user program instruction may be performed by a series of primary microcode instructions greater than the plurality of microcode fields.
4. A computing system as set forth in claim 3 wherein both said processor means comprises high speed LSI logic for performing primary microcode instructions in one machine cycle time.
5. A computing system as set forth in claim 1 wherein both said processor means comprises hybrid modules having large scale integration (LSI) chips coupled to said microcode storage means.
6. A computing system as set forth in claim 5 wherein said microcode storage means comprises a plurality of random access memory chips.
7. A computing system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said processor means further comprises cache control key check means for checking to determine if blocks of memory allocated for a user program use are being exceeded by a user program.
8. A computing system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said cache control key check means further includes memory means for storing protection key words which identify blocks of said main memory allocated for a user program to be protected.
9. A computing system as set forth in claim 8 wherein said cache control key check means further includes program status word storage means for storing program key words which identify the block of said main memory used to execute a user program.
10. A computing system as set forth in claim 9 wherein said cache control key check means further includes comparison means for comparing said protection key words and said program key words to provide memory protection error signals when the block of memory allocated for a user program is being exceeded by a user program.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/329,136 filed Mar. 27, 1989, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates a mainframe computer system that is operable on one of two distinctly different operating systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a dual purpose computer that may be loaded with one of two distinctly different operating systems and associated microcode to prepare the same computer for operation with application programs that are designed for the operating system that is loaded into the computing system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Compilers and emulators are well known and are generally used as black box systems for converting operating instructions from one format into another format which is usable by a different computing system. Compilers and emulators have been classified in U.S. Class 364, Subclass 200 with dual mode operating system computers and microprogrammed computers which have alterable stored micro routines utilized to emulate different computers or computing systems. Such computing systems are discussed in the microprogrammable CPU described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,811 which has been assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. This prior art reference discusses the reasons that cause microprogrammed emulators to be generally slower than an emulated computing system which offers a desirable yet complex solution.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,791,558 describes a system for generating computing programs. This reference generally describes a compiler or emulator for adapting IBM System 370 program object modules arranged in general format to a format usable by IBM RT PC AIX operating systems of the type used on a personal computer. While this type of compiler does adapt a large library of existing programs to new architecture computers, the compiler (or modified compiler) which produces an object module having instructions for the new computing system converts the first instruction format which is not loadable into the new computing system into a second format which is loadable into the new computing system.
A more desirable, and more expensive, approach to emulation is found in the IBM AS 400 computing system which operates on two distinct operating systems. Such Dual Operating System Computers require a new architecture different from either previous architectures or systems being merged together and operate on a single new operating system. A variation of such merged operating system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,040 issued to AT&T. This dual mode operating system computer supports UNIX� and MS-DOS� operating systems in a multi-tasking computing systems. The MS-DOS operating system and its applications are executed in a real or non-protected mode and UNIX applications are executed by the UNIX operating system in a protected mode to prevent conflicting attempts to access the same peripheral device or to write in the same region of the main memory. To prevent such conflicts, special merge support hardware needs to be provided.
It would be desirable to provide a mainframe computing system which is designed for operation with a first preferred mode operating system that will efficiently execute programs designed for operation on the mainframe computing system when loaded with the first operating system. It would be further desirable to provide the same mainframe computing system with structural means which permit the computing system to be loaded with second and distinctly different operating system so that the same structural mainframe is also operable efficiently on a second and different operating system and efficiently executes these programs designed for operation by the second operating system.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a dual operating system computer which efficiently runs programs which are designed to be run on separate and distinct operating systems.
It is another primary object of the present invention to provide an alterable computing system which is able to perform instructions of different operating systems which are carried out as a plurality of operations defined by machine microcode instructions.
It is another primary object of the present invention to provide a computing system designed to perform instructions according to a predetermined series of microcode instructions that may be programmed with the first operating system and a different series of the same microcode instructions to perform different instructions associated with the different operating systems.
It is a general object of the present invention to provide a universal computing system that is software programmable with different operating systems and microcode to perform programs designed for distinctly different operating systems.
It is a general object of the present invention to provide one universal mainframe computing system which is programmably alterable to operate as distinctly different computer systems.
It is another general object of the present invention to provide a modified basic mainframe computer which is capable of operating either as a basic mainframe computer or as another mainframe computer without the expense of providing a duplex or dual operating system computer with new architecture.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a novel basic mainframe computing system having a programmable bi-directional emulator coupled between the I/O adapter and the main memory to enable the operation of the basic mainframe computing system with one of a plurality of different operating systems.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a computing system a method and means for permitting a large number of programs to rise in memory and to check that no one program in memory attempts to utilize a portion of the main memory reserved for a different program.
According to these and other objects of the present invention, there is provided a mainframe computing system with a main memory which may be loaded with one of a plurality of distinctly different operating systems that characterize distinctly differently mainframe computers. The instruction processor (IP) and the input/output control processor (IOCP) are provided with an associated control storage memory containing microcode. Instructions to be performed by the computing system are examined by the IP and IOCP and then converted into a plurality of microcode instructions which perform each instruction as a basic mainframe computer instruction according to the basic computer operating system. The sequence of microcode instructions emulate instructions which would be performed by different computing operating systems. Each microcode instruction is performed in one machine cycle of the basic mainframe computing system, thus, the basic computer and the modified different computers will perform similar instructions with equal speed and efficiency.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention dual operating system computer;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the input/output configuration as functionally seen by the operating system software;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of the orientation of the bytes of data being transferred from main memory to the I/O adapter via the IOCP;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of the orientation of the bytes of data being transferred from I/O adapter to the main memory via the IOCP; and
FIG. 5 is a more detailed blocked diagram of the key check logic of the cache control shown in FIG. 1.
Refer now to FIG. 1 showing a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention dual operating system computer 10. The main memory 11 is shown coupled by bus 12 to a memory control or controller 13 and by a bus 14 to the system bus 15. Basically, the buses 14 and 15 are part of the same bus. Similarly, bus 16 is part of the system bus 15 which connects to the processor module 17 which is shown comprising an instruction processor (IP) module 18 and a input/output control processor (IOCP) module 19. Instructions and data in the main memory 11 are routed via the system bus 15 to the processor module 17. The instructions are routed to the instruction register 21 and data is routed to buffers associated with the IOCP 19. Instructions or control information are maintained in a 48 bit format in the instruction register 21 where they are carried out in microcode instruction routines which will be explained in more detail hereinafter. Data buffered in the IOCP 19 is reformatted for transmission to and from the I/O adapter 22 via bus 23 which is capable of transmitting 2 bytes or 16 bits in parallel whereas the system bus and buses 12, 14 and 16 are 48 bits wide in parallel. I/O adapter 22 is shown having two message level interface (MLI) buses 24 and 25 each of which may have connected thereto a many as 8 controllers. Device level interface (DLI) bus 26 is shown having the only console control 27 connected thereto as well as a printer controller 28, a communications controller 29 and a small computer systems interface controller 31. DLI bus 26 accommodates up to 7 controllers.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the main memory 11, memory controller 13 and the complete system bus 15, I/O adapter 22 and all peripheral equipment connected thereto is identical to the equipment presently commercially sold as Unisys A Series computing systems, models A1 through A6 an do not require detailed explanation of their operation for purposes of the present invention. The processors 18, 19 of modules 17 for the Unisys A Series model computers has been modified to accommodate the present invention and to operate in the previous manner employing MCP operating systems without hardware modification. Thus it will be understood that the previous used MCP operating system is loaded into main memory 11, however, new microcode is loaded by line 32 and line 33 into the IP module and the IOCP modules respectively to prepare the FIG. 1 computer system for operation as a Unisys A Series computing system.
According to the present invention, instead of loading the MCP operating system into main memory 11, a completely different operating system may be loaded into main memory 11 and a different microcode program is loaded into the IP and IOCP modules 18 and 19 so that the FIG. 1 computer system operates as an entirely different computing system. An OS/3 operating system may be loaded in main memory and a different microcode program loaded in the IP and IOCP modules 18 and 19 so that the FIG. 1 computing system operates identically as a System 80 model 7E computing system using programs commonly identified as System 80 programs. Since the previous System 80 type computer employed a check program which was not compatible with the Unisys A Series check program a modified check program card is shown connected to the processor module 17 via interconnect bus 34 and cache buses 35 and 36.
The operating system stored in main memory 11 blocks out a portion of main memory as working memory for a user program as is commonly known in computing systems. The block or range of addresses are identified by an 8 bit byte in the 8 by 8K static RAM 37 which is loaded by microcode via the cache control and key check logic 38 and bus 39. Cache memory 41 is employed as a working memory and contains small portions of the user program or data in main memory 11 associated with the user program. The microcode for controlling the cache control 38 is loaded in the IOCP module 19 and controls via bus 36 and control bus 42.
In similar manner, blocks of main memory 11 are identified by addresses in static RAM 43 and loaded by the cache control 44 under control of microcode stored in instruction processor module 18 and via bus 35 and control bus 46. Cache memory 47 also contains portions of user program and data stored in main memory 11 similar to cache memory 41. Providing dedicated cache memories 41 and 47 associated individually with IOCP 19 and IP 18, enhances the speed of operation and simplifies the logic structure.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Unisys A Series computer instructions stored in main memory 11 are loaded into instruction register 21 for execution. The 80 bit instruction is broken down into 17 micro-code fields which permit an infinite number of different operations to perform a result function. The A Series operating system is provided with 256 operating instructions whereas the System 80 machine is provided with 170 operating instructions. By using a compiler to convert the instructions of the different operating systems into a result function using an infinite number of different micro instruction routines, it is possible to precompile the microcode to be loaded in the instruction processor 18 and IOCP 19 so that the instructions of the operating system of the System 80 are executed in approximately the same number of machine cycles as the original dominant A series machine which is converted by the precompiled microcode associated with the different operating systems. It will be understood that the present invention is illustrated and described employing two known operating systems and one existing and known computing system and that the same principal of operation may be applied to other operating systems so that the computing system shown in FIG. 1 may be loaded with different operating systems and different associated microcode to perform as separate and distinct computing systems. By precompiling the microcode associated with the operating system and loading this precompiled microcode into the processor module 17 the speed of operation of the computing system is not degraded as occurs in the prior art compilers and emulators discussed hereinbefore.
Refer now to FIG. 2 showing a block diagram of the input/output configuration as functionally seen by the operating system software. The operating system software in main memory 11 is partitioned to individually control the six channels shown as peripheral channels 0, 1 and 2, and communication channels 8, 9 and A. The software is capable of having operations in progress at all channels at the same time. It will be understood that the six channels 48 to 53 shown as software control channels do not exist as hardware channel controllers anywhere in the system. Control of the channels is accomplished by the software in conjunction with hardware in the instruction processor module 18 and the IOCP module 19 as well as bus control logic located in the I/O adapter 22. As shown in phantom block 11' and blocks 48, 51 for peripheral channel 0 and channel 8 may have up to 7 controllers such as controllers 27 to 31. Channels 1 and 9 and 2 and A may have up to eight controllers. In the preferred embodiment shown, channel 0 and channel 8 both share the device level interface at bus 26, thus only a total of 7 controllers may be shared between these two channels. Similarly, channel 1 and channel 9share message level interface bus 24. Channel 2 and channel A share message level interface bus 25 so that their total number of controllers shared between them is limited to 8 controllers.
As previously explained, all instructions in main memory 11 are first loaded into the instruction register 21 where they are interpreted and executed under control of the aforementioned microcode which is loaded into the 10 static RAM chips 54 which are directly connected to the instruction processor chip 55. When the instruction loaded into instruction register 21 is an I/O instruction, the information is transferred via control bus 56 to the IOCP chip 57 where the instruction is executed under control of microcode loaded into the 10 static RAM chips 58. The I/O instructions are loaded into the I/O adapter 22 iva bus 16, 23 for execution by the I/O adapter and its associated controllers. Buffer registers in the I/O adapter 22 provide the necessary status information of the individual controllers shown as controllers 27 to 31 and their associated buffers 59 and 61. In similar manner, data being transferred from peripheral devices to the main memory 11 is buffered in buffers 59, 61, etc. and passed through the I/O adapter 22 and is routed through the IOCP and returns across the system bus to main memory 11.
Refer now to FIG. 3 showing a pictorial representation of the orientation of the bytes of data being transferred from main memory 11 to the I/O adapter 22 via IOCP module 19. The data word is shown comprising 6 bytes of 8 bits each and where necessary or appropriate, a further byte of tag information comprising 4 bits is provided. The tag byte 62, is in the most significant bit positions. Byte 63 and 64 which comprise the two most significant word byte positions are shown having zero fill because the 48 bits being transferred from main memory are for a computing system which requires only 32 bits which may be provided by the four least significant byte positions 65 to 68. Since the information on the memory bus 12 and system bus 15 is 48 bits wide (plus any tag requirements) the information must be reformatted in order to be loaded into the I/O adapter 22. For this purpose the 48 bit wide word is first stored in the buffers of the IOCP module 19 and read out onto bus 16 two bytes at a time in parallel as diagrammatically shown. Thus data 0 and 1 bytes 65 and 66 are first transferred on buses 16, 15 and 23 into the I/O adapter 22 followed by bytes 67 and 68. When the most significant bytes 63 and 64 are zero filled, they would have been transferred into the I/O adapter preceding bytes 65 and 66, however, having been zero filled they are ignored and not transferred into the I/O adapter 22.
Refer now to FIG. 4 showing a pictorial representation of the orientation of the bytes of data being transferred from the I/O adapter 22 to the main memory 11 via IOCP module 19. For purposes of this illustration, the 6 byes 63 to 68 are shown comprising 3 sets of two bytes of 16 bits which would be provided at the output of the I/O adapter 22 on bus 23. Assume that the data word in the peripheral device is only 32 bits when the byte 63 and 64 did not exist and were not transferred from the I/O adapter on bus 23 to the IOCP module 19. Thus, when the IOCP generates the tag byte 62, it also generates the SET O-FILL bytes 63 and 64 in the most significant positions and then reads the bytes 65 to 68 onto bus 16, bus 15 as a 48 bit byte with tag which is stored in the main memory 11.
Refer now to FIG. 5 showing a more detailed block diagram of the key check logic associated with the identical cache controls 38 or 44 and will be explained with reference to cache control 38. The key stored in static RAM 37, which identifies the protected block appears as 8 bits on bus 39. The most significant two bits identify the partition key on bus 69 and the next 5 most significant bits on bus 71 identify the protection key. The least significant 1 bit on bus 39 identifies the read protection enable status and is applied to the error enable logic 72 along with a write operation signal on line 73 which is generated in decoder 74 from a memory command field signal from the IOCP on buses 36 and 42. Thus, if a read protect lag is raised on line 39 or a write operation is being performed to generate a signal on line 73, logic 72 produces an enable signal on line 75 to the AND-error detect logic 76. If signals on line 77 and 78 are also present as high signals, an interrupt signal is produced at the output of logic 76 on bus 42 to interrupt the IOCP comprising a memory protection error signal. If any one of the 5 bits on bus 79 is a 1 bit the master key detect logic 81 will produce a high signal on line 77 which enables the AND-error detect logic 76. A duplicate of the key stored in static RAM 37 is stored in the IOCP as a program status word comprising 7 bits. The status word is presented on bus 42 to the program status word latches 82 where it latches to produce the aforementioned 5 bit program key signal on the bus 79 and to produce a 2 bit program key signal one line 83. The 5 bit protection key on bus 71 is compared with the program key signal on bus 79 in protection key compare logic 84 to produce a memory protection error signal on line 78 if a comparison is not made. It will be understood that the error signal on line 74 will always be converted into an interrupt signal when the error conditions on enable line 75 are present, because the master key detect logic 81 merely defines a condition in which all areas of memory are accessible. The two bit partition key on bus 69 and the two bit program key on bus 83 are applied to the partition key compare logic 85 to produce a partition protect error signal on bus 42 which is applied to bus 36 and the IOCP module 19. A comparison indicates no error and a difference or miscompare indicates that memory has been addressed outside of the block of memory assigned the IP or IOCP. It will be understood that the partition key logic 85 applies to the IP and IOCP whereas the protection key logic 84 applies to user programs and the area of memory allocated or assigned for the program being performed by the IOCP and the IP. The partition key logic 85 would not be required unless there are multiple IPs and their associated IOCPs.
Having explained a preferred embodiment of the present invention employing specific known computing systems, it will be understood that other existing computing systems may be modified in the same manner so that such modified computing systems may be operated with different operating systems and different precompiled microcode to emulate an entirely different computing system. It is not necessary to generate a new architecture computing system for merging two previous computer operating systems in order to run programs designed for the different operating systems. Further, the present invention is not limited to dual operating system computers but may be expanded to more than two operating systems by compiling or precompiling additional microcode to be loaded into the processor module along with the new or different operating system loaded in the main memory 11.
A feature of the present invention is that the program instruction loaded in the instruction register 21 of the instruction processor module 18 is performed by a plurality of primary microcode instructions, each of which is operated in one short machine cycle so that a series of such primary microcode instructions performs the program instructions stored in the instruction register 21, thus, there is no waiting time for compilers or emulators to decide which primary microcode instructions are to be employed because they are already loaded in the processor module 18.
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Environmental Issues: U.S. Law & Policy
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We live in a country where most adult males are circumcised, so most of us grew up thinking of the cut penis as normal. When I was young, I just assumed boys were born that way. When I learned about it later, I thought it was just something you were supposed to do and didn't give it much thought. The first intact penis I saw was on a baby boy at a day care I worked at when I was 19. When I became curious why his parents didn't do what they were "supposed to" some other employee explained that it was probably part of their religion.
I didn't know much about circumcision and just figured I'd have it done when/if I had a boy. I never did any research on it until I found out I was having a boy in late 2009. I wanted to know why I was doing it before I made a big decision like that. I'm so glad I did! Now I know the truth! I feel guilty about my ignorance before my pregnancy, but at least no harm came from it. My baby boy is intact.
Since it's likely that most of you grew up used to the circumcised penis, what made you question circumcision and when did you decide you were against it?
I was probably around 15 or 16 or so. I was literally walking down the street.. probably to a babysitting job or something. And I just started thinking about it. What I knew about circing could be broken down like this:
most males in the country were
its highly debated, some people are against it
those in favor of it say reduces risk of infections/cleanliness as the reason
others did it for religious reasons
Thats about it. Really, nothing else! So my train of thought sort of went, okay, boys are born with foreskins.. so it must be there for a reason.. God doesn't make mistakes and I would never be so arrogant as to assume that I could improve upon his creation of the male body... thus, circing is illogical. Really more of a philosophical reason than a religious one. Basically, no sense meddling. From that point, I gradually learned more and more and of course, "the more you know, the worse it gets" and I became more and more horrified and *furious* by the procedure with every new fact learned.
During my pregnancy with dd, it came to my attention that I was the only person out of 8 couples in our childbirth class who would circ. I though that the others simply didn't understand the benefits. But when it really came down to it, some of those couples had put a lot of thought into their decision not to circ, and I couldn't really explain why I would circ except that I had always believed it to be normal. I also discovered then that less than half of all boys born in our area were circed (this was in 2000, the circ rate has decreased much more since).
Between the births of my two kids, I was further influenced by someone online who kept posting links to anti-circ sites. At first I thought she was extreme, but I was eventually convinced by the large amounts of research that showed no benefit to circ and that the foreskin does have functions.
Ironically, after discussing our decision not to circ ds with my family, I found out that both my dad and step-dad are intact. My mom is so pro-circ that she was embarrassed to admit that she has only been with intact men! Most of dh's family is intact as well.
SAHMlovin' to DD 10/00 & DS 10/04 If your son is intact, keep him safe, visit the Intact Care forum Circ, a personal choice, Your SONS 11/98 6/99 Thyroid cancer survivor. With 5 & 2 Boxers wishing for
I think when I saw my ex-step-nephew and was changing his diaper. He was probably the first intact boy I'd seen. My mom told me to be sure to pull back his foreskin and clean under, but I felt that was icky, so I didn't and just wiped him and changed his diaper. (I was pregnant with DD1 at the time, but had no idea of the baby's gender). When I was at the hospital after having the baby, they made a call for all parents to go to the circumcision-care class. They actually circumcised the babies while parents were in the class. It sounded like it was for ALL parents, so I asked them: "do parents of girls need to attend?" no. "do parents that are not going to circumcise need to attend" no. the babies are circumcised while parents are in the class (so if you went not intending to circ, but went because you thought you "had" to to be released...no wonder by the time DS was born they changed it...someone was probably circ'd against mom and dad's wishes and they raised heck).
When pregnant with DS, I started to research it before I knew what I was having. I realized there was no way I could do it, but DH insisted. I stopped reading anything anti-circ and tried to only read pro-circ stuff for a while. But, I couldn't get the cognitive dissonance to go away. In a way, I'm glad he was deployed when DS was born...so I could have my way. Besides, I was squeamish about caring for the circ wound. Is that bad? I agreed to get it done before DH deployed and before we knew what we were having. I made appointments, but found reasons to cancel and reschedule until it was "too late"-ie, he'd need to be put under GA and they would not do it until age 1 or unless he was going under for necessary surgery, not something completely elective. When pregnant with DD2, we were in fear that it was a boy...DH because DS is autistic and boys have a higher chance than girls...me for the "circumcision fight". I think I'm done with the baby-making business.
I can't say I'm anti-circ. I'm anti-infant/child/before the person can consent circumcision. If you want to modify your body, that is your own business. I'm also anti-ear-piercing of infants/toddlers/very young children. My 9 year old has no desire to get her ears pierced--and you know what? That's okay. They are her ears. If my girls want their ears pierced, they can have it done when they can take care of it themselves. Though I'll take them to a piercing studio, not Claire's or something like that.
I became anti-infant circumcision when I saw my very first one performed in nursing school.
By the time I had children I had seen many circs, all heartbreaking to me, and I also knew it was medically unnecessary. My DH is circed but I had dated intact men. So I knew foreskins weren't gross or problematic in sex. So while yes, circ is still in my cultural "norm", I knew enough to know it wasn't something I needed to do to my children.
Mom & RN
Pardon the typos - CWOK (cat walking on keyboard)
It's a little embarrassing, I must have grown up in a bubble. My folks were very religious and always hid their skin, my skin and my brother's skin. I didn't know anything about circumcision until childbirth classes ... I was 25 years old. The Bradley instructor showed us a film of one being done and said the kicker... " it isn't even necessary". That nailed it for me. Even though I realized my hubby was cut... no way was my son going to be. Thankfully, he respected the opinion of the teacher and me and that was all she wrote.
growing up, even though I only saw circ'ed boys, but didn't know they were circ'ed. I think I heard of circ for the first time when I was in Jr. High, but only as something that was done for religious reasons. I think it was when I was in college that I learned about the claimed STD benefits of circ and the opposing studies that showed decreased STD transmission with non circ. at this point I was still pretty neutral on the subject, and had still never seen a foreskin, but didn't know that. It wasn't until I was with DF, who is intact, that I started to learn about the normal functions of the foreskin. and during my pregnancy with DD I started to learn about all the possible complications of circing. I'm expecting a boy in about 8 weeks, and I still have never seen an intact baby or toddler.
part-time and through infancy. planning a
I saw a photo of a circumcision being done, got nauseous, researched a bit on the "pros" and cons, realized that my son would be born with it, and that was that. In the 7 years since, I have truly come to understand how awful circumcision is.
After college, i spent some time abroad, and was exposed to the intact penis and, uh, many of its benefits. that is what really put me into the intact camp, i think, but it wasnt until pregmant with first child (we did not find out gender) that i really became anti-circ. My mom was not supportive at first, hilarious since my dad is intact! (i found that out during my pregnancy for the first time). DH finally came around, and never pushed too hard for it. In his opinion, in order to do any procedure on his child, the benefits must substantially outweigh the risks, and circ does not meet that definition. I wouldnt call him an intactivist, but he tolerates me, haha.
In the seven years since ds, and adding three more intact boys, became a passionate intactivist. It is hard ... I worry about my nephews who are circ'd, and i obsess about friends having boys, and try to get them to at least consider it carefully. Im probably batting less than .100, so obviouly my technique stinks, but im staying at it!
As for why -- i am of the dont mess with nature/God persuasion, and also of the, "something terrible could happen due to this choice..." camp, and probably also the fear of him wanting it back later camp, too. LOL, it bothers me on every level, I guess.
At the age of six, on the first night in boarding school, in the communal "bath room" - yes a whole row of tubs. I noticed that many of the boys had a penis that did not resemble my own, and it was with horror that I realised that a part of mine had been removed. Of course I was very curious as to why? But as the years went by I became more and more opposed and disgusted with the practice.
Somehow, I stumbled on a site that listed "Top 10 Ways" male circumcision causes women sexual pain. (Google "sex as nature intended it" to see this. Note that it has penis photos and animations of intercourse.) Now, I have sexual pain as a result of vaginismus, and I can tell it causes my DP sadness that I'm in pain. Imagine how he would feel if something about his body were causing me pain! I wondered, how can a parent inflict that on their son?
And then... "the more you know, the worse it gets."
I wasn't anti-circ even when my husband told me he hated the fact that he was cut, but now that it causes problems with intercourse, I am totally anti-circ, and so are my nurse and doctor.
My DH was the deciding factor and didn't even know it. Like you I grew up thinking circumcision was something you were "supposed to do". When me and my DH started dating he was the first intact man I'd ever been with or even seen. Naturally I was curious. So I did some research online. When I saw pictures of baby boys strapped to tables, screaming, with tears streaming down their little faces I knew that was something I could never do.
I don't remember when exactly I became anti-circ. Growing up, the only penis I saw was my little brother's when we had bathtime together, and he was intact. Of course, since I wasn't even 10 years old yet, I didn't know about circumcision. My first boyfriend was circumsized, but again, since I'd never seen another adult penis, I didn't know there was another possibility. It wasn't until I dated my second boyfriend, who was intact, that I realized something was different and learned about circumcision. Unfortunately, I don't think my second boyfriend had a "normal" intact penis - the opening of his foreskin was very tight and didn't retract (I honestly don't know much about it, so maybe that is normal, but it definitely looked different than an erect penis with the foreskin retracted). Anyways, my next two boyfriends were circumsized, and I will say that I preferred the look and feel of the circumsized penis, as compared to my second boyfriend's intact but non-retractable penis. So at that point, I guess I was pro-circ, mainly just based on my own preferences. However, my fifth boyfriend (who eventually became DH ;)) was intact, and finally I could see that an intact penis looks and functions just like a circumsized one when erect. When we got pregnant, it was basically a non-issue - DH wasn't circumsized and had never had any issues, and I now appreciated the natural beauty of an intact penis ;) And of course, as I learned more about what was involved with circumcision, there was no way I could do that to a child of mine! And finally, I'm not religious, but I do believe in evolution - so I believe that if human males evolved to have a foreskin, there is a good reason for it ;) So now I am definietly anti-circ, and would always try to convince someone not to circ their sons if given the opportunity.
In hindsight, I became "anti-circ" the moment I discovered I was having a boy! I didn't think much about it and always assumed I would do it like everyone else......then I became pregnant with a little boy and suddenly, when it was MY son, I felt deep reservations and anxiety. Deep down, I knew I would never do it and even though I went through the motions of "doing research" and talking it over with my husband and doctor, deep down, the mothering instinct in me was stronger than anything else I encountered. I was going to protect my son at any costs and I did. I'm so glad I did. So glad. He is 3 1/2 now and is perfect just the way he is.
I never really had an opinion on it, until I was 19 or so. Two things happened: my little cousin was born and his parents chose to leave him intact, and also I worked in a daycare one summer, where about 75% of the little boys in the infant room were intact. After that it just seemed normal to me, and seeing how it didn't give them any issues made me feel like it was a pointless surgery.
Freedom is slavery.
Ignorance is strength."
― George Orwell, 1984
I grew up in all circ family and I remember watching Seinfeld getting his thumb cut during one of his episodes on Seinfeld which just creeped me out. That was in highschool and my brother mentioned all boys get circ'ed in hospitals.
So I assumed that was proably the case and then found out it wasn't after I met my ex whose my son's father . He was the first one I knew and saw intact . What's funny since I was never told about foreskin or intact guys that it took me awhile to realize he was not circumcised because I thought oh I guess all penises look differently.
So then all I knew it clicked in me that he has a foreskin . So then I go oh I guess I don't have to circ because he's not circ'ed.
So I didn't find the real truth about circumcision until I was researching how to care for a foreskin and saw the Wipe Only . Then I clicked on a circumcison link which was cirp that showed the circ procedure in detail , plus complications which made me totally horrified that is happening to little boys .
So that's how I became against circ and I'm actually the only girl in the family who has been with a intact male and who left her son intact.
So my son's father saved his son from being circ because he was not circ'ed himself.
I hope if i had been with a circ'ed male that I would have researched it out of curiousity instead of going whatever .
I would have to say, and I hope this is MDC appropriate, but it was when I first met my second sexual partner. My first, who was also my first love and we were together for a several years, was not circumcised. I never thought too much about it - until I was involved in another sexual relationship with someone who was. Googling sex as nature intended it could fill in the rest of those blanks. I knew then that I would never circumcise my sons.
After I got pregnant, I of course researched it more, but my early impressions never changed.
Laura, mama to Henry 01.28.07
missing Jack, born still in the car 08.23.10 at 36 weeks
Loving on Catherine, my 09.01.11, UC
E, wife to D, mommy to G (born March 2010).
When I studied history and the genital cutting of girls/women. (As a result, I started questioning what we do to boys.) That was reinforced when my doula said she regretting circ'ing her son, and she hoped I wouldn't circ mine.
How great to see a group against circ!! There is no need for it and doctors make it worse pressuring to say don't retract foreskin of little boys, WRONG!! believe me you should start retracting your baby son's foreskin right from the first time you clean his foreskin, it will be clean, germ free and as he gets older he will keep the sensitivity for full sexual pleasure. I am a white witch with three sons and there is absolutely no case that can convince me that circ is right or necessary. well done for raising this I think we should petition parliaments to stop this cruel mutilation
How great to see a group against circ!! There is no need for it and doctors make it worse pressuring to say don't retract foreskin of little boys, WRONG!! believe me you should start retracting your baby son's foreskin right from the first time you clean his foreskin, it will be clean, germ free and as he gets older he will keep the sensitivity for full sexual pleasure. I am a white witch with three sons and there is absolutely no case that can convince me that circ is right or necessary. well done for raising this I think we should petition parliaments to stop this cruel mutilation
Well, while I do agree circ isn't necessary and that doctors shouldn't pressure parents into do it, I disagree in retracting and cleaning in infancy. Retraction will happen on it's own in it's own way and parents can do great harm by trying to force it. Nobody should really retract the foreskin except for the boy himself. Babies only need to outside of the penis cleaned. The foreskin protects the inside.
Mom & RN
Pardon the typos - CWOK (cat walking on keyboard)
I'm sorry but you are wrong gentle retraction from a very early age of the child's foreskin will make things so that the foreskin is not tight later. The family and circle of friends I am from has a total of 11 males all of them had their foreskin carefully manually retracted right from nappy changing stage and every one has a very good, relaxed & retractable foreskin and none have needed circumcision. Its time medical people came to reality that's the way to help cut down on the amount of medically needed circs
To the OP: I became anti-circ when I had my first baby. I didn't want to circ, but my husband did. Crying, I handed my baby over....and regretted it. I decided the next time not to, and now have 2 intact boys. I really, really became passionate after I watched an online video of a circumcision being performed. I believe every parent should have to watch the video before consenting; they really down-playing it when you hand your child over. "It's painless," "They don't feel it - they just hate being strapped down," "It's for the best," "Better now than later." I don't think you get a good understanding of what is actually happening to your baby since you don't see it and they don't (at least not to me) explain without your urging.
Let's make sure we stay on focus, as the OP was addressing "when did you become anti-circ?"
Wife to , mama to , , , and - bonus mommy to !
This is not the proper advice for intact penis care. The foreskin is supposed to be fused to the glands until it naturally retracts which can happen anytime from the age of 2-3 or sometimes not until puberty. This is normal. There is no need to retract the foreskin and clean under it. Once the foreskin naturally retracts, all that needs to be done is a quick rinse and swish in the shower or bath.
Premature retraction of the foreskin can cause tears and adhesion that can possibly lead to infections and ultimately circumcision.
I'm sorry but you are wrong gentle retraction from a very early age of the child's foreskin will make things so that the foreskin is not tight later. The family and circle of friends I am from has a total of 11 males all of them had their foreskin carefully manually retracted right from nappy changing stage and every one has a very good, relaxed & retractable foreskin and none have needed circumcision. Its time medical people came to reality that's the way to help cut down on the amount of medically needed circs
Wife to , mama to , , , and - bonus mommy to !
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