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Details and Shopping
Customer Favorite
This precious dress features a cutout raw trim and a raw and ruffled hem. Elastic band around the cuff with ruffle detailing. Slight Hi-Lo hem.
*100% Cotton
*Hand Wash Cold
*Hand Wash Cold
Measurements for Small:Bust: 60"
Length: 34 1/2"
Sleeve Length: 15 1/2"
Rated 4.3 out of 5Â by 8 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5Â by cancanrose LOVE LOVE LOVE I bought this dress in the greyish blue. I am normally in XS in FP dresses so I bought my dress in the XS and it fits Beautifully! I received so many compliments when I wore it. It fits exactly like the picture. My only problem was that I wanted to wear it backwards like the model in the picture and that doesn't work AT ALL. It looked very awkward because the dress is hi-lo so it ended up being really long in the front and really short in the back. The sleeves are puffy but they lay nicely and romantically. I would recommend wearing a half slip-in the sun it can be a little see-through. Im 5'10 and the length in the front and back hits just like the girl in the picture. 2.23.2014
Rated 4 out of 5Â by annamiller06 Perfect summer dress But it runs way too large and must return. I wear a small and should've purchased the XS. A bit too full for me because I'm not a tall person. But a lovely dress. Sorry must return. 6.18.2014
Rated 5 out of 5Â by rosiem Feminine This dress is meant to float away and not at all be clingy. It is made well and will be perfect for the very hot summer days/nights. I would recommend a gauze or cotton slip underneath as it is SEE THROUGH! I am 5'1"/ 110 and the XS was still a bit baggy but It may shrink a bit in the wash. I am afraid to throw it in the machine so I will wash it by hand so I don't wind up with 'doll clothes'! I bought the yellow and its real soft pastel color. Enjoy 5.9.2014
Rated 4 out of 5Â by rosienwhitey Nice dress it's a nice dress. i got both colours and wanted to decide it later but after receiving them, both colours are so nice and i may just keep both of them. the fabric is quite see-through but i am ok with it. and i think it's true to size. the body part is roomy but the armpits fit (wanted to size down to an xs but i bought S intead). i only thing i dont really like is the back is longer than the front which i think it's a bit strange to wear it backwards like the model. 5.8.2014
Rated 3 out of 5Â by huniebee NOT FOR PETITE LADIES This dress arrived today & I so wanted it to work, as it looked great on the model & also on a previous style picture, in the storm colour. I ordered the cream, more of a lemon cream, a nice colour in XS. For reference I'm 4ft 11" & since the daisy lace dress worked well for me, it gave me hope with this one, sadly it was not to be! The dress was very sheer, far too sheer for me. I looked like I was wearing a huge see through sack! It simply just swamped my short frame. Sadly I must return this which is a shame as I really wanted it to work :( On a more positive note the sleeves are lovely, they did look nice, kind of like Disney princess sleeves, in a boho way! The straps are very flattering at the top & sit nicely just above the bust, but overall the whole thing just looked like a giant tent, not the look I was hoping for! 4.25.2014
Rated 5 out of 5Â by LCS Beautiful! I love everything about this piece. I ordered XS in the storm blue and it is so dreamy. The sizing is a little roomy and I wish that I could have gone down a size, but since that wasn't an option I just embraced the extra room. The detail at the top is absolutely wonderful in person and works well whether you wear it in the front or the back. I love flipping this piece around and working the reverse hi-lo. Normally I wouldn't care for a dress with puffy sleeves as my shoulders are slightly wide, but the way these lay is so delicate that they work. Love the romanticism of this piece! 3.29.2014
Rated 5 out of 5Â by reichercv73 CUTE DRESS! What caught my eye on this dress is the cutout raw trim and you can wear it either both ways! It is slightly sheer so I wore mine with a seamless FP intimates one piece short jumpsuit and it looks good! You might consider to go one size smaller, depending on how you want it to fit and look. I bought the small and it looked just like the picture on the model! Love it! 2.16.2014
Rated 3 out of 5Â by megandell Size way down I love the cut out neckline and light airy fabric of this dress. I ordered the blue and the color is just as it appears in the pictures. I wear an XS in FP, so I really had nowhere to go. But If you can size down (like 2 sizes) this dress/tunic would be super cute!! On me it more resembled a tent. :( 2.11.2014
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I just recently purchased a multi-family home in May 2012 using Jesse Bodwell as my agent. Over the past year Jesse went above and beyond dedicating a significant amount of his time and energy to help me find a unique house that met my strict set of specifications. Like most Realtors, he is friendly, courteous and professional, but these reasons alone are not why you should choose him; you should use Jesse as your Realtor if you want someone that is EXTREMELY KNOWLEDGEABLE of structures, building technologies and the systems within. Because of his extensive knowledge and passion, he was able to help me identify major issues in all of the houses we looked at prior to putting in an offer and paying for the home inspection. When I finally found my house and it came time for the inspection- there wasn't a single surprise; Jesse had identified and informally disclosed the source of nearly every major problem prior to receiving the inspection report. Pick Jesse if you want someone who is technically superior and actually knows something about houses and construction- not just someone who can recommend the best color drapes. There are a significant amount of older homes in the Southern New Hampshire and Seacoast area's and after having worked with several Realtor's in the past, I can honestly say that his superior knowledge and professionalism makes him the only person I feel comfortable recommending to a family member or close friend.
Jesse Bodwell
Sales Person / (8 years experience)
- Specialties:
- Buyer's Agent,
- Listing Agent,
- Foreclosure,
- Multi-Family / Investment
Ratings & Reviews
I am currently in the process of locating a house in southern New Hampshire and I chose to work with Jesse Bodwell as my Realtor. He is extremely knowledgeable and carefully takes the time to listen to my needs. Jesse has always been readily available for any questions I have and has made me feel at ease throughout whole process of finding my first home. I have reccomended Jesse Bodwell to several of my friends as a result of his expertise and customer service that continues to exceed my expectations.
I contacted Jesse after hearing good things about him from a colleague who he had sold a home to in the past. Jesse was always on time, professional, and extremely detailed with any questions or concerns that I had. Although I have decided not to purchase a home yet I will definitely be using him again once I decide to finally purchase!
Jesse worked very hard to make sure that I understood all the ins and outs of buying a house, before I bought one. He is an incredibly professional hard-worker, and it showed every time I asked him one of my billions of questions. Unfortunately, he doesn't work in the state of Indiana, so I couldn't use him. Hopefully I'll be able to consult with him on my next potential move!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Articles Tagged 'CDG'
Air Méditerranée adds summer routes from Paris and Marseille
Air Méditerranée adds new routes to Agadir, Ibiza, Malaga, Palma de Mallorca and Split.
Jetairfly launches routes from Paris and Germany
Jetairfly starts three new routes from Paris CDG and one from Münster/Osnabrück.
SunExpress adds three more European routes from Kayseri and Izmir
SunExpress begins weekly flights from Kayseri to Amsterdam as well as from Izmir to Copenhagen and Paris CDG, utilising 737-800s.
Air Méditerranée tempts Parisian sun-seekers with Palma de Mallorca
Air Méditerranée increases its Paris CDG operations with a weekly service to Spain.
Jetairfly adds new routes from France and Belgium
Jetairfly launches five new routes from Brussels, Lille and Paris.
Jet2.com adds new routes from several UK bases
Jet2.com adds new services to Budapest, Paris CDG and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands.
Düsseldorf Airport and Pegasus Airlines show certificates; Budapest welcomes UP from Tel Aviv; Zurich celebrates Air France's 1st A318 landing; more news from Toronto Pearson, Berlin Schönefeld, Bristol, Rome Fiumicino and Warsaw Chopin airports
A busy week for Network Planning Community News, including Düsseldorf Airport and Pegasus Airlines showing-off their certificates, El Al's LCC subsidiary – UP touching down at Budapest Airport, as well as Zurich Airport celebrating the arrival of Air France's first A318. We also have newsworthy events from our peers from around the world.
Vueling adds three new Spanish routes to its network
Vueling commences one domestic and two international routes in Spain.
Aigle Azur adds Paris CDG-Faro link
Aigle Azur adds its third scheduled service to its growing Paris CDG network.
Air France commences three new international links from Paris CDG
Air France expands its international network with three new links from Paris CDG to Tokyo Haneda, Brasilia and Stavanger.
easyJet expands in France, Germany, Italy and UK
easyJet launches 21 new routes involving 25 airports and opens new bases in Hamburg and Naples.
Vueling strengthens its European network with two new routes
Vueling starts twice-daily flights from Barcelona to Paris CDG and daily operations from Florence to London Gatwick.


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A method and apparatus for implementing virtual wire signaling is described. It includes an apparatus including a first component, a bus coupled to the first component, the bus to transmit packets of data, and a second component coupled to the bus, messages passed between the first component and the second component through packets transmitted on the bus.
1. A system comprising:
a processor;
a processor bus coupled to the processor;
a memory;
a memory control hub coupled to the processor bus and coupled to the memory;
a graphics accelerator coupled to the memory control hub;
a bus coupled to the memory control hub, the bus to transmit packets;
an input-output hub coupled to the bus and to couple to an input-output device, wherein the system is capable of passing messages between the memory control hub and the input-output hub through packets transmitted on the bus, the messages including information about signals received from one or more of the processor, the memory, and the input-output device.
wherein the bus is capable of using a source synchronous (SS) data transfer technique that is capable of being quad-clocked.
2. A system comprising;
a first hub to receive a first signal;
a first hub interface coupled to the first hub, the first hub interface to receive a message that is passed from the first hub, the message corresponding to the first signal, the message including a packet including control information;
a second hub coupled to the first hub interface, the second hub to receive the message from the first hub interface,
wherein the packet including the control information comprises a special cycle packet embodying virtual wire control information.
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. A system comprising:
a first hub to receive a first signal;
a first hub interface coupled to the first hub, the first hub interface to receive a message that is passed from the first hub, the message corresponding to the first signal, the message including a packet including control information;
a second hub coupled to the first hub interface, the second hub to receive the message from the first hub interface,
wherein the first hub interface is capable of using a source synchronous (SS) data transfer technique that is capable of being quad-clocked.
6. A system comprising:
a first hub to receive a first signal;
a first hub interface coupled to the first hub, the first hub interface to receive a message that is passed from the first hub, the message corresponding to the first signal, the message including a special cycle packet including control information;
a second hub coupled to the first hub interface, the second hub to receive the message from the first hub interface
a second hub interface coupled to the second hub, the second hub interface to receive the message from the second hub; and
a third hub coupled to the second hub interface to receive the message from the second hub interface, wherein the message includes control information to control the second hub, and the third hub to act as if SERR# was received.
7. An apparatus comprising:
a first component;
a bus coupled to the first component, the bus to transmit packets, the packets including special cycle packets embodying control information; and
a second component coupled to the bus, the second component to receive the packets from the first component via the bus,
wherein the bus is capable of using a source synchronous (SS) data transfer technique that is capable of being multi-clocked.
8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
a graphics accelerator coupled to the first component; and
a FLASH bios coupled to the second component.
10. A method comprising:
receiving a first signal at a first hub coupled to a hub interface;
passing a message corresponding to the first signal from the first hub through the first hub interface, the message including a packet including control information; and
receiving the message from the hub interface at a second hub coupled to the hub interface,
wherein the control information embodies virtual wire control information.
11. The method of
12. A method comprising:
receiving a first signal at a first hub coupled to a hub interface;
passing a message corresponding to the first signal from the first hub through the first hub interface, the message including a packet including control information wherein the packet including the control information comprises a special cycle packet embodying virtual wire control information;
receiving the message from the hub interface at a second hub coupled to the hub interface;
determining if the message is intended for the second hub;
acting on the message if said determining indicates the message is intended for the second hub; and
passing the message through a second hub interface if the determining indicates the message is not intended for the second hub.
13. The system of
14. The system of
15. The system of
16. The system of
17. The system of
18. The system of
19. The system of
20. The system of
21. The system of
22. The system of
23. The system of
24. The system of
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the integrated circuit and circuit board design fields and more specifically to connection of components through use of buses in integrated circuits and circuit boards.
2. Description of the Related Art
As technology advances, and new products with advanced features appear, the need for backward compatibility and interoperability surfaces as a constraint in the design of prospective products. As an example, newer computers are expected to be capable of running software that predates the conception of the newer computers.
Prior art systems often use a configuration of components as illustrated in FIG. 1. CPU 101 (a Central Processor or Processor) is coupled through a Processor Bus 102 to a component referred to as a Host Bridge 105, and thereby coupled to the rest of the system. Host Bridge 105 is coupled to Memory 103, the main memory of the system, and Host Bridge 105 is also coupled to I/O Bridge 107 (Input/Output Bridge). I/O Bridge 107 couples to Keyboard 109, Mouse 111, and Disk Drive 110, and may couple to other components in a bus or point-to-point fashion. Through these couplings, CPU 101 is coupled to each component in the system, and may read or write information to each of the devices (within the capabilities of those devices).
Further extending the complexity of the system, PCI Bus 125 (Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus based on the Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus Specification Revision 2.1 or 2.2 from the Portland PCI Working Group as published by Intel Corporation) may be involved in the coupling of Host Bridge 105 to I/O Bridge 107, and may thereby couple to PCI Agents 120. Thus, through Host Bridge 105, CPU 101 may communicate with PCI Agents 120. While it is advantageous to make PCI Agents 120 available to the system, incorporating the PCI Bus 125 into a coupling or connection between the Host Bridge 105 and the I/O Bridge 107 further complicates the physical devices and layout, and the protocols for communication over that coupling.
In the case of an upstream data transfer, one function of PHLD 196 and PHLD_ACK 197 is to arbitrate between components on the PCI bus. PHLD 196 is asserted by the I/O Bridge or whatever component is connected to it when that component will be transferring data upstream. In some embodiments, to ensure that the data transferred upstream will be correct, all pending downstream writes, such as data pending in the Host Bridge 105 which needs to be written downstream, must be written. Otherwise, data transferred upstream may be incorrect because a pending write was intended to modify that data. So, upon receiving PHLD 196, Host Bridge 105 will, in one embodiment, complete all downstream write transactions. Upon completion of those write transactions, Host Bridge 105 will assert PHLD_ACK 197, indicating Host Bridge 105 has received the PHLD 196 signal and is prepared for the upstream data transfer.
In other embodiments, the device asserting PHLD 196 may be capable of being the master of a bus other than the PCI Bus (such as an EISA bus) for an indefinite amount of time. In those instances, the device must also effectively be given control of the PCI Bus, so control of the PCI Bus is transferred when PHLD_ACK 197 is asserted, and control is not relinquished until PHLD 196 is deasserted.
SERR# 198 is a system error signal, which may be asserted by a pulse, rather than a steady high or low logic level. SERR# 198 is asserted in the case of errors associated with a transaction or an agent on the PCI Bus. As will be appreciated, most busses are more complicated than that illustrated in
It will be appreciated that many other signals may be incorporated into buses as separate pins on each component or wires connecting the components. Such signals may have assertion/de-assertion characteristics similar to PHLD 196 for example, or may be used in a pulsed manner more like SERR# 198, where any change in state either synchronous or asynchronous must be handled by the components. As these signals increase in number, routing of signals on an integrated circuit die or a circuit board becomes more complex, the number of pins and bond pads on individual integrated circuits may increase, and costs will correspondingly increase for both design and manufacture.
A method and apparatus for implementing virtual wire signaling is described. It includes an apparatus including a first component, a bus coupled to the first component, the bus to transmit packets of data, and a second component coupled to the bus, messages passed between the first component and the second component through packets transmitted on the bus.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures.
A method and apparatus for implementing virtual wire signaling is described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
The functioning and implementation of a hub interface is well described later in this application. However, a summary of that description in conjunction with an alternate embodiment will be useful as well.
In one embodiment, the CPU 1202 and the MCH 1210 are combined into one component or integrated circuit. In an alternative embodiment, CPU 1202 and Graphics Accelerator 1230 are combined into one component or integrated circuit. In yet another alternative embodiment, MCH 1210 and Graphics Accelerator 1230 are combined into one component or integrated circuit. In still another alternative embodiment, CPU 1202, MCH 1210 and Graphics Accelerator 1230 are combined into one component or integrated circuit. It will be appreciated that the practice of the invention need not be limited to a specific configuration combining or separating the functions represented by the functional blocks of, for example, FIG. 2. It will be appreciated that the components illustrated in
In one embodiment, the hub interface is a narrow-width, high throughput communications link using packets of information, each packet encoding a request or completion. The packets include various fields and are broken into a series of data words transmitted on a set of wires, such that most of the control information for the hub interface is embedded in the packets, reducing the need for additional control signals as a sideband separate from the data. Information may be said to travel either downstream, away from the processor or CPU, or upstream. Components linked to the bus are referred to as agents, and are often referred to as a downstream or upstream agent depending on the point of reference of the description. For instance, relative to the MCH 1210, the Disk Drive 1255 is a downstream agent in FIG. 2.
Packets on the hub interface, in one embodiment, embody requests or completions. Requests may contain an address to which the request is directed and may also include control information and data as appropriate. For example, a request that an agent write data to a storage location would include the data to be written, and may also include a request for completion. Special cycles are also a form of request, and are generally used for system management functions (special cycles are described in more detail below). Also, reads and writes may be performed without addresses in some circumstances. Completions include information indicating whether and how the task was completed, such as completion status codes (including indications of potential error conditions or successful completion of a transaction), and may also include data. Thus, a completion corresponding to a read request may include the data read along with an indication of whether any errors occurred in the reading. In the case of a completion corresponding to a write request, an indication of any possible errors or of successful completion is included, but no data is included.
In one embodiment, the hub interface may also be used to transmit special cycle packets which embody control information. Such special cycles may be transmitted between the transmission of packets for read or write data, and may alter the flow of information or the performance of components involved in the hub interface. Special cycles may be packets including only a header, or may include an address or data as appropriate. In some instances, special cycles may result in a completion, too.
In one embodiment, CPU 1202 initiates a transaction, either read or write, on processor bus 1205. The transaction includes an address and may include data if it is a write. The address indicates where the transaction is targeted. If the transaction is targeted at Main Memory 1215, MCH 1210 carries it out and returns the data or results to CPU 1202. Similarly, if the transaction is targeted at Graphics Accelerator 1230, the MCH performs the transaction and returns the data or results to CPU 1202. If the target is further down the hub interface hierarchy, the MCH 1210 transforms the transaction into a request packet and passes it down the hub interface HI A to the ICH 1240. The ICH 1240 interprets the packet and determines the target of the request, and then appropriately signals that target for either a read or a write as necessary. If a completion is requested in the case of a write, or for any read, the ICH 1240 passes a packet back up the hub interface HI A, with the appropriate data and/or completion status codes.
Further, in one embodiment, special cycles may come from the MCH 1210 to the ICH 1240 in response to transactions on the processor bus 1205, which may cause the ICH 1240 to adjust its performance or activity, including but not limited to signaling errors to devices connected to the ICH 1240 or acting as if an error signal was received from a device connected to the ICH 1240.
The hub interface allows for much flexibility in a system, as illustrated in FIG. 3. In this illustration, two CPUs 1202 are coupled through processor bus 1205 to MCH 1210. As in
In one embodiment, a first CPU 1202 may initiate a read of the Tape Drive 1265 on processor bus 1205. This read is passed as a packet by the MCH 1210 to the ICH 1240. The ICH 1240 determines from the address in the packet that the packet is targeted to the downstream hub interface where the Tape Drive 1265 may be found (the ICH 1240 does not determine specifically where the read is bound, only where to pass it next based on address information contained within the request packet), and therefore passes the packet on along hub interface HI B to Secondary Hub 1270. Secondary Hub 1270 receives the packet and determines that it targets the Tape Drive 1265, and then initiates the read of Tape Drive 1265. Upon receiving the data or error signal from the Tape Drive 1265, the Secondary Hub 1270 packages the results in a completion packet which it sends upstream along hub interface HI B to the ICH 1240. The ICH 1240 determines that the packet is a completion bound for the upstream hub interface HI A (where first CPU 1205 may be reached), and passes the packet upstream along the hub interface HI A to the MCH 1210. The MCH 1210 determines also that the packet is a completion bound for the processor bus 1205. The MCH 1210 issues completion of the read sequence on the processor bus 1205 and provides the read data that was received in a hub interface packet sent by Tape Drive 1265.
It will be appreciated that encoding signals as messages has more value if more than two signals are encoded thereby. For example, encoding both assert and de- assert commands in messages for the control lines for a new component used in the combination of components of
In the prior art each signal from a component was passed through a wire to the rest of the system, but the hub interface HI A does not contain the extra wires to pass each signal directly to the rest of the system. Instead, hub interface HI A is implemented with lines for passing packets and just enough additional signals to implement flow control between components. If a signal such as PHLD is asserted on the PCI Bus and received by PCI Bridge 1246, that signal is passed as a message in a special cycle by ICH 1240 on hub interface HI A to MCH 1210. Likewise, a signal on PCI Bus 1240, or any other bus or coupling to ICH 1240, may be asserted as a result of a message passed from MCH 1210 along hub interface HI Ato ICH 1240. Furthermore, if ICH 1240 is coupled to a third bus of a different kind, and MCH 1210 has proper information on the signals of the third bus, MCH 1210 and ICH 1240 may understand and act on or respond to messages on hub interface HI A which correspond to activity on the third bus.
It will be appreciated that encoding signals in this manner reduces or eliminates the need to add and remove pins or wires from a design due to changes in the underlying components in a system. Previously, a board designer using an old board design with a newer integrated circuit might have to tie an outdated signal line to a resistor coupled to a steady power or ground signal to avoid side effects of having the outdated signal on the board. Utilizing the message passing style of sending signals, pins on integrated circuits and wires on boards need not be added or removed, as the hub interface components may be configured to recognize the new signals and configurations related to the old signals may be discarded.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that use of a hub interface may involve cascading and multiple components (such as CPU 1202 for example) as illustrated in FIG. 3. In such a system, it will be appreciated that a component on either end of a hub interface may either act upon a message or forward/transfer that message further along. Additionally, a message may be ignored if appropriate. If an error signal is asserted by Tape Drive 1265, that will result in a message passed from Secondary Hub 1270 to ICH 1240. ICH 1240 may either act upon the message, or ICH 1240 may pass the message to MCH 1210. Likewise, MCH 1210 may send a message intended to assert a signal to one of PCI Agents such as Audio Device 1250 or Disk Drive 1255. In such a situation, ICH 1240 will assert the signal through PCI Bridge 1246 and not pass the message on to Secondary Hub 1270. However, if MCH 1210 sent a message intended to assert a signal to Tape Drive 1265, that message would be transferred by ICH 1240 to Secondary Hub 1270, and Secondary Hub 1270 would assert the signal to Tape Drive 1265.
It will also be appreciated that signals which are pulses may also be encoded in messages or special cycles. For instance, a system reset signal may be implemented as a pulse. Either receiving or sending such a signal may be encoded in a special cycle for transmission on the hub interface, with decoding of the special cycle resulting in proper processing of the signal. Another example of such a signal is the SERR# signal Qf the PCI Bus, which may be pulsed by a PCI Agent, and the receipt of such a pulse by the ICH 1240 may result in transmission of a special cycle encoding the receipt of the SERR# pulse.
Likewise, it will be appreciated that acting on a special cycle or message may take several forms. For instance, a special cycle may encode a command to assert a signal such as PHLD. Acting on the special cycle in that case results in asserting PHLD 196. However, a special cycle may also encode a command to act as if SERR# 198 was received.
The method of implementing virtual wire signals may be distilled into the method illustrated in FIG. 5. Process Data 1010 is the normal state of the method, but it proceeds directly to Special Cycle check 1020 for each packet. If no Special Cycle is found, the method proceeds back to Process Data 1010. However, if a special cycle is found, the method proceeds to Process Special Cycle 1030. At Process Special Cycle 1030, the Special Cycle is either processed (acted upon), transferred or forwarded, or ignored. The method then returns to Special Cycle check 1020.
It will be appreciated that the signals that may be encoded include those signals from other bus protocols such as traditional special cycles, power management signals, buffer management and ordering messages, interrupt and error messages, and miscellaneous system messages. Likewise, hub interface operational messages may also be encoded. Thus, what was previously implemented as sideband control signals may now be implemented as in-band or embedded control or special cycles.
As a further example, in one embodiment, each special cycle has a cycle type of '11' (as opposed to '00' for memory, '01' for IO, or '10' for configuration) in the header packet. The same header packet also includes in the special cycle encoding field (the byte enable field of a non-special cycle) a bit sequence of '0111 101a' for a PHLD signal, where a =1 for assertion and 0 for de-assertion. For a PHLD_ACK signal, the bit sequence in the byte enable field is '0111 111a' with the same a =1 for assertion and 0 for de-assertion. Also, to tell an ICH to assert the SERR# signal, the bit sequence of the byte enable field is '1001 0010' (without a variable field for assertion/de-assertion). Other signals naturally have other bit sequence encodings.
A more detailed description of a hub interface follows. It will be appreciated that this description illustrates some of the alternatives for implementing the hub interface. As illustrated in
More specifically,
For example, as further shown in
The I/O hub 206 provides an interconnection between various peripheral components within the system (e.g. a keyboard 218, disk drive 224, scanner 222 and/or mouse 220.) Moreover, the external busses and their agents (e.g., PCI bus 212 and PCI agents 214), interconnect indirectly with the memory 210 and CPU 208 via the hub interface 202, by interconnecting with the I/O hub 206, rather than interconnecting directly with the memory controller hub 204.
By using the hub interface to interconnect the memory controller hub 204 and the I/O hub 206, improved access is provided between VO components and the CPU/memory subsystem (e.g., increased bandwidth, protocol independence, and lower latency.) In addition, the hub interface may also improve the scalability of a computer system (e.g., upgrading from a base desktop platform to high-end desktop platforms or workstation platform) by providing a backbone for I/O building blocks.
To provide the improved interface, the hub interface includes one or more unique features. In one embodiment, transactions are transferred across the hub interface using a packet based split-transaction protocol. For example, a Request Packet is used to start a transaction and a separate Completion Packet may subsequently be used to terminate a transaction, if necessary.
In between the time of transmitting a request packet and a corresponding completion packet across the hub interface, separate unrelated packets may be transmitted across the hub interface in accordance with predetermined order rules, as discussed below in more detail. For example in the case of a read request from a peripheral to memory, providing the requested data may take multiple clock cycles to have the data ready to be returned in a completion packet. During the time it takes to obtain the requested data, separate unrelated completion and/or request packets waiting in a queue/pipe of the memory controller hub 204, may be transmitted to the I/O hub 206.
Furthermore, as shown in
In addition, in one embodiment, the hub interface uses transaction descriptors for routing of hub interface traffic as well as identifying the attributes of a transaction. For instance, the descriptors may be used to define a transaction as isochronous or asynchronous, which, as a result, may then be handled in accordance with a predefined protocol.
Furthermore, in one embodiment, the bandwidth of the interface is increased in part by transmitting the data packets via a source synchronous clock mode. Moreover, in one embodiment, the hub interface provides the increased bandwidth despite using a narrow connection (e.g., less pins/pads).
In alternative embodiments, however, a hub interface may be implemented with less than all of the unique features as discussed above, without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, the hub interface could also be used to interconnect bridges and and/or other components within or external to a chipset, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For greater clarity, the hub interface is described in three parts; a transaction layer; a protocol layer; and a physical layer. The distinctions between layers, however, is to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and is therefore does not to imply a particular preferred embodiment.
Transaction Layer
In one embodiment of the hub interface, the transaction layer supports the routing of separate transactions transmitted across the hub interface (which may consist of one or more packets.) For example, in one embodiment, the transaction layer of the hub interface generates transaction descriptors, which are included in the requests and data packets. The transaction descriptors may be used to support arbitration between queues within a hub agent (e.g., MCH), and/or to facilitate routing of requests and data packets through the hub interface.
For instance, in one embodiment, the transaction descriptors support routing of completion packets back to the request-initiating agent based on initially supplied (within a request packet) routing information. The transaction descriptors also help to reduce or possibly minimize packet-decoding logic within the hub agents.
In alternative embodiments, the transaction descriptors also provide the ability to distinguish the handling of requests based on their respective transaction attributes. For instance, the transaction attributes identified in the transaction descriptors may identify operations as Isochronous (i.e., operations that move fixed amounts of data on a regular basis; e.g., video or audio real time operations.) As a result, the operations, as identified by the transaction attributes, may be handled in accordance with a corresponding predetermined routing protocol in order to support a specific type of operation (e.g., isochronous.)
In one embodiment, the transaction descriptors include two fields: a routing field and an attribute field. In alternative embodiments, more or less fields may be used to provide one or more of the functions of the transaction descriptors, without departing from the scope of the invention.
In one embodiment, the routing field is a six-bit field used for packet routing, as shown below in Table 1. The size of the routing field, as well as the attribute field, may vary within the scope of the invention.
As shown in Table 1, three bits of the routing field are used for the Hub ID which identifies the hub agent that initiated the transaction. In alternative embodiments, to provide a hub interface hierarchy exceeding 8, additional bits could be used in the routing field.
For example, there may exist multiple hub interface hierarchies in a system, in which case the agent at the top of the hierarchies should be capable of routing completions back to the base of the hierarchy. In this context, "hierarchy" consists of multiple connected hub interface segments starting from a hub interface "root" agent (e.g., a Memory Control Hub.) For instance,
The remaining three bits of the routing field may be used to identify internal pipes/queues within a hub interface agent. For example the I/O Control Hub may support internal USB (Universal Serial Bus) host controller traffic and Bus Mastering ID (BM-ID) traffic via separate "pipes." (USB refers to the Universal Serial Bus Specification version 1.0 adopted in 1996 available from the USB Implementers'Forum and its follow-on specifications.) As such, the Pipe ID may be used communicate to the servicing agent (e.g., MCH) that traffic initiated by different "pipes" have different attributes, and may be handled in accordance with a predetermined protocol. If a hub interface agent does not implement separate internal pipes, it may use a default value of '000', in the Pipe ID field.
In an alternative embodiment, the transaction descriptors further include an attribute field. In one embodiment, the attribute field is a three-bit value, which specifies how a transaction is to be handled when a target hub interface agent receives it. In some cases, the attribute field helps a system support demanding application workload, which relies on the movement, and processing of data with specific requirements or other differentiating characteristics.
For example, the attribute field may support the isochronous movement of data between devices, as used by a few recently developed external busses such as IEEE 1394-compliant and USB-compliant busses. (IEEE-1394 refers to the IEEE 1394-1995 Specification adopted in 1995 and available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and its follow-on specifications.) Such data movement requirements need to be maintained as data flows through the hub interface between I/O devices and the CPU/memory subsystem.
In alternative embodiments, additional transaction attributes may include the ability to differentiate between "snooped" traffic where cache coherency is enforced by hardware (i.e., chipset) and "non-snooped" traffic that relies on software mechanisms to ensure data coherency in the system. Moreover, another possible attribute would be an "explicitly prefetchable" hint, to support a form of read caching and allow for more efficient use of the main memory bandwidth.
The transaction descriptors can also be used to support ordering rules between transactions transmitted across the hub interface. For example, in one embodiment, transactions with identical transaction descriptors are executed in strong order (i.e., first come—first sere.)
Transactions having the same routing field but different attribute fields, however, may be reordered with respect to each other. For example, in one embodiment, isochronous transactions do not need to be strongly ordered with respect to asynchronous transactions.
In addition, in one embodiment of the hub interface, data transmissions are permitted to make progress over requests, either in the same direction or the opposite direction. Read completions flowing in one direction are allowed to pass read requests flowing in the same direction. And, write requests are allowed to pass read requests flowing in the same direction.
In alternative embodiments, however, the ordering rules for transactions travelling across the hub interface, may vary within the scope of the invention. For example, in one embodiment, the hub interface implements the ordering rules provided in Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) (Revision 2.2) to determine the flow of traffic across the hub interface in opposite directions.
Protocol Layer
In one embodiment, the hub interface uses a packet-based protocol with two types of packets: request and completion. A request packet is used for each hub interface transaction. Completion packets are used where required, for example, to return read data, or to acknowledge completion- of certain types of write transactions (e.g., I/O writes and memory writes with requested completion). Completion packets are associated with their corresponding request packets by transaction descriptors and ordering, as previously discussed in the section on the Transaction Layer.
In addition, in one embodiment, the hub interface uses an arbitration protocol that is symmetric and distributed. For example, each hub agent drives a request signal, which is observed by the other agent attached to the same interface. No grant signal is used, and agents determine ownership of the interface independently.
Moreover, in one embodiment, no explicit framing signal is used. There is an implied relationship between the arbitration event that gives an agent ownership of the interface and the start of that agent's transmission. In alternative embodiment, framing signals could be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
The end of a packet transmission occurs when a hub interface agent that owns he interface (e.g., is in the process of transmitting data), releases its control of the nterface by de-asserting a request signal. In addition, in one embodiment, flow control s also accomplished by using a STOP signal to retry or disconnect packets, as is described in more detail below.
Packet Definition
In one embodiment of the hub interface, data is transferred at a multiple rate (e.g., 1�, 4�, 8�) of the hub interface clock (HLCK), which in one embodiment is a common clock shared by the hub agents joined by the hub interface. The data is transmitted across a data signal path (PD) of the hub interface, which has an "interface width" of some power of two (e.g., 8, 16, 24, 32.) As a result, the hub interface may have varying data transfer granularities (i.e., transfer widths), depending upon the transfer rate and the width of the data signal path. For example, in the case of an eight-bit interface width in 4�mode, the transfer width is 32 bits per HLCK. As a result, by varying the transfer rate and/or the interface width of the data signal path, the transfer width (i.e., number of bytes transferred per HLCK) can be scaled.
In addition, in one embodiment, packets may be larger than the transfer widths. As a result, the packets are transmitted in multiple sections (i.e., packet widths.) In one embodiment, the packets are divided into packet widths the size of double words (32 bits).
In the case of a 32 bit transfer width, the bytes of a packet width are presented on the interface starting with the least significant byte (byte 0) and finishing with the most significant byte (byte 3), as shown below in Table 2. In the case of a 64 bit transfer width (e.g., a sixteen bit wide interface in 4�mode) the less significant double-word (packet width) is transferred on the lower bytes of the data signal (e.g., PD [0:7]) and the more significant double-word is transferred in parallel on the upper bytes of the data signal (e.g., PD [15:8]). The two examples are shown below in table 2.
The Protocol Layer of the hub interface is also responsible for framing the data. As such, the framing rules implemented by the hub interface define how to map one or more packet widths onto a set of transfer widths. To simplify the parsing of packets into packet widths, in one embodiment of the hub interface, the following three framing rules are implemented: a header section of a packet starts on the first byte of a transfer width; a data section of a packet (if present) starts on the first byte of a transfer width; and a packet occupies an integral number of transfer widths.
Any available transfer widths not consumed by a packet may be filled with a bogus double word (DW) transmission, and will be ignored by the receiving hub agent. In alternative embodiments, more, less, and/or different framing rules may be used by the hub interface within the scope of the present invention.
Table 3 and Table 4 set forth below, illustrate examples of the framing rules given above for the case of a 64 bit transfer width.
Request Packets
The packet header format for request packets, according to one embodiment, is shown below in Table 5 and Table 6. In the examples shown in Tables 5 and 6, the base header is one double-word, with one additional double-word required for 32 bit addressing, and two additional double-words required for the 64 bit addressing mode.
The fields of the headers, as shown in Tables 5 & 6 are described below the tables.
In alternative embodiments of the hub interface, the fields included in the header of the request packet may vary without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the header may include additional field, less fields, or different fields in place of the fields shown below. Moreover, the encoding of the fields may also vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
Completion Packets
The header format for a completion packet, according to one embodiment, is shown below in Table 7. In one embodiment, the header is one double-word. The fields of the headers, as shown in Table 8 are described following the table.
In alternative embodiments of the hub interface, however, the fields included in the header for a completion packet may vary without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the header may include additional field, less fields, or different fields in place of the fields as described and shown below. Moreover, the encoding of the fields may also vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
In one embodiment of hub interface, completions for memory reads may provide less than the full amount of data requested so long as the entire request is eventually completed. Likewise, completions for memory writes may indicate that less than the entire request has-been completed. This might be done to satisfy a particular hub interface latency requirement for a particular platform.
In addition, for a request that requires completion, the initiator, in one embodiment, retains information about the request, which may be stored in a buffer of the initiating hub agent. For example, this information may include the transaction descriptor, the size of the packet, lock status, routing information, etc. Furthermore, when receiving the completion(s), the initiator matches the completion(s) with the corresponding request. In the case of multiple completions, the initiator accumulates a count of the data completed for the original request until the original request is fully completed.
Interface Arbitration and Packet Framing
In one embodiment of the hub interface, when the interface is idle, the assertion of a request from either hub agent connected to the interface, is considered an arbitration event. The first agent to request wins ownership of the interface. If agents request ownership simultaneously when the hub interface is idle, the least recently serviced hub agent wins. In one embodiment, all hub agents track the least recently serviced status (e.g., via a status flag of an internal register.) In alternative embodiment, alternative arbitration routines may be used within the scope of the present invention.
Once a hub agent acquires the ownership of the interface, it will continue to own the interface until it completes its transaction, or until an allocated time bandwidth expires. For example, in one embodiment, a timeslice counter is provided in each hub agent to control bandwidth allocation and to limit an agent's interface ownership tenure. The time allotted to a hub agent (i.e., timeslice value) may be different or the same for hub interface agents attached to the same interface. The timeslice counter is started upon acquiring ownership of interface and counts hub interface base clock periods.
In one embodiment, each hub agent is responsible for managing its own timeslice allocation. As such, in one embodiment, a timeslire value may be programmed via a hub interface command register for each interface in each hub agent.
In one embodiment, there is a two clock delay before the transmitted data (i.e., data from Agent A) is available intemally in the receiver (i.e., Agent B), starting from clock edge 3. The first packet consists of two double-words 502 and 504 and requires two base clocks to transmit in the 4 �mode. The second packet is three double-words 506, 508, and 510, and so requires three base clocks in the 4 �mode.
Flow Control
In one embodiment, packets may be retried or disconnected by a receiving agent due to lack of request queue space, data buffer space, or for other reasons. In one embodiment, Flow control is accomplished using a STOP signal.
Following a two clock delay, the data transmitted from Agent A is available intemally in the receiver at Agent B, starting from clock edge 3. In one embodiment, following receipt of data transmitted from Agent A, is the first opportunity for Agent B to enact flow control by asserting the STOP signal, as illustrated in
In addition, when ownership of PD signal changes from one hub agent to another, ownership of the STOP signal will be also be exchanged following a predetermined number of clocks. Moreover, in one embodiment, the STOP signal is sampled on base clocks, which correspond to the final transfer of a packet width. For example, in a 4 �mode (using an eight bit wide PD signal), the STOP signal is sampled each base clock. However, for a 1�mode, the STOP signal is sampled each fourth clock (with the beginning of a transaction being used as a reference point).
Following the reception of a STOP signal, the hub agent that receives the STOP signal determines whether it may retry sending additional packets.
In step 702, a hub agent that is currently transmitting packets receives a STOP signal. In response, in step 704 the hub agent that receives the STOP signal determines if the other agent (which activated the STOP signal) is requesting ownership of the interface, by sampling the other hub agents request signal (e.g., RQB.)
If the recipient of the STOP signal determines that the agent which sent the STOP signal is not requesting ownership of the interface, in step 706 the current owner of the interface may attempt to transmit a packet following recovery from the STOP. On the other hand, if it is determined that the agent which activated the STOP signal is requesting ownership, in step 708, the current owner determines if its timeslice has expired.
If the timeslice for the current owner of the interface has expired, in step 710, the current owner releases ownership. If the timeslice for the current owner has not expired, the current owner may transmit a packet with an attribute that is different from the interrupted packet. More specifically, in step 712, the current owner determines if it has a packet with a attribute type that is different from any packets that have been retried in the present arbitration session (i.e., the period of the current owner's tenure), which needs to be transmitted.
If the current owner does have a packet with a different attribute, in step 714 the current owner may attempt to transmit the packet. Otherwise, the current owner release ownership of the interface.
Physical Interface
In one embodiment, the hub interface implements a physical interface that operates at a base frequency of either 66MHz or 100MHz. Other frequencies may also be used. In addition, in one embodiment, the physical interface uses a source synchronous (SS) data transfer technique which can be quad-clocked to transfer data at 4�of the base hub interface clock. As a result, in an embodiment having an 8-bit data interface (e.g., PD) operating at a base frequency of 66MHz or 100MHz, a bandwidth of 266 megabytes per second (MB/s) or 400MB/s may be achieved, respectively.
Furthermore, in one embodiment, the hub interface supports a voltage operation of 1.8V, and is based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process (CMOS) signaling. In an alternative embodiments, however, the interface may operate at alternative frequencies and/or alternative sized data interfaces to provide varying bandwidths, and support alternative operating voltages, based on alternative signal processing, without departing from the scope of the invention.
External Signals Definition
In addition, one unidirectional arbitration signal connects each agent to the other (RQa, RQb), and a bidirectional STOP signal is used by the receiving agent to control data flow, as previously described. Additional interface signals include the system reset (Reset), common clock (HLCLK) and voltage reference signals (HLVREF). As well, signals for each hub agent (ZCOMP) to match its driver output impedance to the appropriate value to compensate for manufacturing and temperature variations, are also included.
The physical signals shown in the interface illustrated in
Common Clock Transfer Mode Operation
In one embodiment, many of the signals transmitted across the hub interface are transmitted in accordance with a common clock mode. More specifically, the timing of the signals that are transmitted via the common clock mode are referenced to a single clock (e.g., the hub interface clock.) In alternative embodiments, the signals may be tied to a system clock, exterior to the hub interface agents. Moreover, there may be more than one hub interface segment in a system, in which case different base clocks may be used for the different segments. For example, one component might implement both a 66MHz base hub interface and a 100MHz base hub interface.
Source Synchronous Transfer Mode Operation
In one embodiment, the packets/data are transmitted using a source synchronous clock mode, which provides a technique for multiplying the data transfer rate of data. For example, in an embodiment using 4� source synchronous clocking mode with an eight bit data signal path, transmitting a double-word (i.e., four byte) requires only one hub interface clock cycle (HLCK.) Alternatively, transmitting a double word using 1� source synchronous clocking mode on an eight bit data signal path would require a full hub interface clock cycle to complete.
More specifically, in one embodiment of source synchronous transmission, strobes (e.g., PSTRBN/PSTRBP) are sent with a data transmission in accordance with a predetermined timing relationship between the strobes and the data. The strobes are thereafter used by the receiving hub agent to latch the data into the receiving hub agent.
More specifically, in one embodiment, the edges of the strobes PSTRBP/PSTRBN are used by the receiving hub agent to identify the presence and timing of data being transferred across the data signal paths. For example, as illustrated in the timing diagram of
In addition, in one embodiment, as further shown in
In the foregoing detailed description, the method and apparatus of the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the hub interface, according to one embodiment, may be implemented in a computer system having multiple processors, as illustrated in FIG. 14. The present specification and figures are accordingly to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
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But since so many of the projects that began under the boom are still under construction, judgment day has not yet arrived -- speculators may have made deals with potential buyers, but they can't close until the units actually exist.
"We haven't seen the actual result yet," Winston says. "They have to close first and then decide whether or not they're going to hold on to the unit, how long they're going to hold on to the unit, whether they're going to decide to try to resell the unit or rent the unit. And if they can't do either one of those two successfully, then their next choice is to walk away."
In 2005, ABC News was at the splashy, flashy launch party of the new W South Beach condos. Prices started at $1,400 a square foot -- steep even in notoriously pricey markets like New York. Developer David Edelstein radiated confidence.
"There's enormous demand and very little supply," he said at the time.
Today, despite the candid pessimism most people in the business express, Edelstein maintains that the market is "on fire."
"The sales are at a rapid pace," he says. "In my opinion, you're going to see just another increase in price per square foot. You'll see huge amount of demand."
Confidence is part of his sales pitch, of course, but Edelstein also argues that his property is in a location so prime, it is unaffected by the caprice of the market.
"There's been a huge amount of development in other areas where there may be too much supply put on the market, and a speculator is not going to be able to take advantage of an opportunity and, in fact, may get burned," he says. "But in superprime locations, unique locations, on the sand, in great places, in New York City, that hasn't happened."
When we visited Havana Lofts, a development on the scruffy edge of downtown Miami, in 2005, prices were modest. But Kari Fernandez, the sales agent, was firmly in the grip of condo mania.
"I would say it's a very hot market right now," she said at the time.
Today, Havana Lofts is nearing completion. For the developer, the timing was fortunate: Sales began and went well just before the boom ended.
We found Fernandez selling and reselling condos at the Plaza on Brickell, a project first offered in 2003. As it nears completion, Fernandez is helping buyers flip the units. Always the saleswoman, she'll tell you this is a hot market -- but listen carefully:
"It is hot; it's not as hot as before, just because the market slowed down a little bit," she says. "The properties were going up at a very fast pace and now the market is rectifying itself. So the sellers are more flexible and working more with the buyers. It's more of a buyer's market right now."
But there is no sense that this is the end for Miami. This city has weathered booms and busts before, and it has always bounced back. With its gorgeous beaches and glorious sunsets, it is easy to see why.


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Those with A+ certs usually work in help desk, tech support, or PC technician roles. These jobs actually fall short of system/network administrator roles and responsibilties. Getting there usually requires a platform cert of some kind (Novell CNA/CNE, Microsoft MCSA/MCSE, Red Hat RHCE, Linux LPI Level1&2, Solaris 9 Sys/Net admin, etc.). Only after that is is reasonable to talk about getting past the title of administrator. At that point, all kinds of specialties become possible, including information security, database analyst, protocol analyst, infrastructure specialist (CCNP, CCDP, CCIP), telephony or VoIP specialist, and so forth. If you've got specific technical interests, I suggest you follow them to see where they will lead by researching certs available, jobs possible, and so forth. You'll find sites like CertCities.com, GoCertify.com, CertMag.com, and www.informit.com/certification to be valuable sources of information in helping you get educated on these subjects.
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The School House Museum on Johns Island on Saturday will open a photography exhibit on the island's black history, from the late eighteenth century to the civil rights movement.
The photographs, quotes from Johns Islanders and music are from the 1966 book "Ain't You Got a Right to the Tree of Life," by Guy and Candie Carawan. The photographs from the book are by Robert Yellin and are being used with permission from the College of Charleston's Avery Research Center.
The exhibit opens at noon Saturday. People then can see it between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Saturdays and noon and 4 p.m. Sundays through March 17. The museum is located at 4455 Betsy Kerrison Parkway on Johns Island.
The exhibit is being sponsored by the Johns Island Conservancy. To learn more about it, see the group's website at www.jicsc.org/tree-of-life.
Read more in upcoming editions of The Post and Courier. Reach Diane Knich at 937-5491 or on Twitter @dianeknich.
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The dot-com fairy tale turned into a macabre farce this year as one e-commerce company after another flopped and business bystanders clucked about the stupidity of it all.
But it wasn't so long ago that plenty of smart people thought selling dog food, plush sofas and barbecue grills over the Internet were good ideas.
Today's prevailing consensus about the absurdity of these e-commerce concepts illustrates how much the dot-com landscape has changed in the past 12 months. The Young Turks of the New Economy, once hailed as inspired visionaries, now widely are derided as shortsighted buffoons.
"There always have been dumb ideas in business, but you don't usually see so many of them at one time," said Philip Kaplan, who runs a Web site with a profane name that features a satirical dot-com dead pool for Internet failures.
It's All Academic With These Guys
Marc Benioff, a former Oracle Corp. executive who is chairman of San Francisco-based Salesforce.com, said he couldn't believe some of the business decisions made at other dot-com companies during the year.
"A lot of these guys were writing Harvard Business School case studies, but they weren't writing them on how to build a business," Benioff said. "They were writing them on how to torch a business."
Amid all the dot-com detritus, a few clever — and even potentially revolutionary — ideas emerged during 2000, too.
Here, then, is a look at some of the year's dot-com duds and delights:
Not Ready for Prime Time
Super Bowl XXXIV was billed as a coming-out party for the 13 dot-com companies that shelled out an average of $2.2 million for 30-second commercials aired during the game.
The ads were plenty slick, but they didn't accomplish much — they mostly attracted customers who discovered that the featured sites were more about style than substance.
"A lot of these companies forgot that good advertising only makes a bad product fail faster," said Clark Wood, vice president of marketing for AutoTrader.com, one of the few e-commerce Super Bowl advertisers that didn't regret spending all that money.
At least two of the Super Bowl dot-com advertisers — Pets.com and Epidemic.com — have since closed their doors and several others are struggling to survive.
Stupid Pet Tricks
Online pet stores seemed to multiply faster than rabbits until fickle financial markets performed their form of euthanasia.
When the year began, there were five major online pet e-tailers — Pets.com, Petstore.com, Petopia.com, Petsmart.com and PetPlanet.com. Together, they raised roughly $400 million from venture capitalists and the stock market.
As the year ends, just two of the original five, Petopia.com and Petsmart.com, are still peddling dog food over the Internet.
If it weren't for all those stupid pet tricks, online furniture stores might have been e-tailing's biggest debacle of the year.
As it was, three high-profile furniture e-tailers — UrbanDesign.com, Living.com and Furniture.com — wound up taking a bench seat this year. Turns out most people want to sit on a sofa or recliner before they buy it. And apparently someone forgot shipping all that heavy stuff to people's homes costs a whole lot of money.
World's Leading Breakfast Cereal Portal


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Original recipe yields 8 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
This is a wonderful recipe and a crowd pleaser. Everyone commented on how festive it was. I only subed one item, parsley for the beet leaves, it made the tree look a little more real and festiv...
This was really fun to do! I even added a styrofoam star at the top of the tree! My family really enjoyed it and it makes a nice centerpiece on the table.
I loved this! People were afraid to eat it though, but my tree turned out exactly like this one! I added hummus dips at the bottom, and cocktail sauce as well. Don't forget the star on top!


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Dawn Richard
Our Dawn Ent./Altavoz
Song: Tide: The Paradox Effect
Dawn Richard fans, your already-f**king-fantastic day is about to get just a little bit better. Not satisfied simply to release her latest full-length, the singer/songwriter has also decided to liberate a new single that... More
Posted 5 months ago
Artist: Sassieon Dupris
Song: Bust My Gun
Album: Love| Fear| & Fantasies II
Earlier this morning, we heard Juicy J and Wiz Khalifa threaten to shower their foes with hot lead on Shootin. While that cut's aggressive vibe was unexpected, given the mellowing effects of their mutual favorite herb,... More
Posted about 2 years ago
Song: ARMY
Dawn Richard may be a lover and not a fighter, as demonstrated on her last Booth feature, Love on the Rocks, but that isn't going to stop her from building her own ARMY. If her uptempo, hip hop-infused R&B style is... More
Posted 2 years ago
Song: Love on the Rocks
Some things, such as a glass of Scotch (a la Ron Burgundy) or Tyrone Biggums, are great on the rocks, but Love on the Rocks? That is never a good thing. At least that's what I thought until I heard Dawn Richard's... More
Posted 2 years ago
Song: Gleaux
Everything sounds fancier in French—even if it's fake French. For example, why just glow when you can Gleaux, like Dawn Richard does on her latest feature? A standout off the Danity Kane and Dirty Money alum's... More
Posted 2 years ago
Artist: Mateo
Song: Fool For You (Remix)
Previously heard collaborating with none other than Alicia Keys on Say It's So, up-and-coming R&B singer Mateo joins up with another high-profile cut on his latest feature, a remix of EP cut Fool for You. Here, a... More
Posted 3 years ago
T-Pain ft. Dawn - Fantasy
T-Pain recruits Dirty Money member and rising solo star Dawn Richard for a steamy new single, Fantasy. Fantasy is set to appear on Pain's upcoming album rEVOLVEr, due to drop December 6 via Jive/RCA. More
Posted 3 years ago
Artist: Diddy-Dirty Money
Song: Hair Down
Although his last three attempts at putting together a super group have fallen apart or tried to leave Bad Boy (R.I.P. Da Band, Danity Kane and Day26), Diddy has continued on undaunted, forming Dirty Money along with singers... More
Posted 5 years ago
Featuring: Lil Wayne
Song: Phase ft. Lil Wayne
Danity Kane member Dawn Richard just walked past a man who she's fallen in love with, but even though her friends tell her it's just a Phase she always ends up back in his arms. Fellow New Orleanais... More
Posted 7 years ago
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Need to Know
Episode #125
Firms that help employers process, and in many case challenge, unemployment claims are examined. [56 minutes]
This episode has not aired in the past few months on Iowa Public Television.
Need To Know | A Political Song and Dance | PBS (#125)
Jon Meacham interviews the director and star of Broadway's "Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson." 10:04
NEED TO KNOW | The gridlocked American dream | PBS (#125)
Blueprint America reports on the high cost of transportation in car-dependent suburbs 09:25
NEED TO KNOW | Unemployment benefits in doubt... (#125)
NTK examines firms that process, and sometimes challenge, unemployment claims. 12:18
NEED TO KNOW | Just ask Peter Sagal: How to be... (#125)
Peter Sagal advises a longtime politico on how to reshape his image. 02:29
NEED TO KNOW | In response: How to avoid... (#125)
Response to viewer questions about conflict minerals. 04:08
- Watch more video from this program »
Series Description: NEED TO KNOW is an integrated broadcast and online current affairs project, uniting broadcast and web in an innovative approach to newsgathering and reporting. It breaks through the limitations of the broadcast schedule by means of a web-based production model that empowers audiences to "tune in" anytime and anywhere. A cross-media initiative built around a wide community of journalists and producers, with input from an engaged audience, NEED TO KNOW covers five primary beats: the economy; the environment and energy; health; security; and culture. Stories, interviews, blogs and photo features are continually added to and updated online, with the production teams inviting interaction and input from online readers and users who are on the lookout for the latest information on a given subject. Each week's online story development culminates in the weekly broadcast, curated from the week's reporting by the various beat teams. The broadcast features documentary-style field reports, both domestic and international, short features and studio-based interviews and conversation to complement and advance the produced reports.
All Upcoming Episodes
There are no broadcasts currently planned. Please check back for future broadcast dates.


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4 eggs separated5 Tbsp. matzoh mealdash salt3-4 Tbsp. oil1 package Facon – available kosher for Passover
Saute Facon in large deep frying pan. Drain and set aside.Beat egg whites till stiff.Whisk yolks together and gently fold yolks into whites; Add matzoh meal and salt. Heat oil in the same frying pan; Add Facon; gently pour mixture into pan and lower heat. When bottom of pancake is golden, slide carefully on to a plate, and invert back into pan. Cook for about five more minutes. Insert a toothpick to make sure center is dry. Cut and serve hot.Serves 2-3
Recipe: Kosher, meat, pesach, passover


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Deleted User
I wish people would realize the diffrnce between a Clan Chapter and a Chapter. It seems all the new members seem to think that evey last chapter is a clan or just dont know what the -blam!- they are talking about. also is it just me or is evey new chapter I see a clan. let me clear something up for every one.. In the 7th column out of all the chapters ONLY about 5 or 10 % of them are clan chapters the rest are Fanclubs grops oof frieds ect. oh and If you look at the chapters Im a member of you sould be able to notice that the only clan chapter thar is mine. Or you could simply brows all the 100000+ chapters in the 7th column and after join thhough page after page of fan club group or what ever they are offering Youll notice that Like I said only 5 or 10% of them are clan chapters. I brought this up because of resent posts ive read in this forms and some things some of the newr members blurted out with out knowing. and a bunch more well all in all I though I needed to lay this matter to rest.


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Broiled Chicken With Vinegar And Honey
29 Oct 2009
|Cider vinegar
|3 Tablespoon
|1 Tablespoon
|2 Clove (10 gm), minced
|Minced ginger
|2 Teaspoon
|Reduced sodium soy sauce
|2 Teaspoon
|Dijon mustard
|1 Teaspoon
|Whole chicken
|1 , split lengthwise, with excess fat removed
Preheat the broiler.
In the jar of an electric blender or food processor, blend the vinegar, honey, garlic, ginger, soy sauce, and mustard for 10 to 15 seconds.
Brush the chicken well with the sauce, reserving some of the sauce for basting.
Arrange skin side down on a greased rack in a 13"x 9"x 2" baking pan.
Broil 6 inches from the heat for 10 minutes; turn the chicken and broil 10 minutes longer.
Transfer the chicken to the oven, lower the oven temperature to 400°F, and roast, uncovered, basting with the remaining sauce, for 20 to 25 minutes or until you can move a leg easily.
If the chicken browns too quickly, cover it with aluminum foil.
Let the chicken stand at room temperature for 10 minutes before serving.
Recipe Summary
Course:Main Dish
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Broiled Chicken With Vinegar And Honey Recipe


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Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
Hi All,
I'm still building my oven but i am the point where i need to start buying some tools, especially the double sided broom (broom with scraper on the other side). I pretty much need all my tools.
There's some cheap offers in the U.S but either they don't ship to Aus and/or i am worried how customs will assess the wood.
Does anyone have any recommendations for some good quality (but $$cheapish$$) tools? Aus or sydney based ....
Starting to run out of funds, but seeing my oven near completion keeps me happy :)
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
Kitchenwearhouse has some good tools...but do tend to cost a little more. For the broom, I went to Bunnings and bought a woodern broom pole, a copper welding brush and two hose clamps. Put it all together..and you find it doesnt look too pretty but does the same job a $130 brush does. For a pizza peel, you can go to a bakers supplies shop and buy a long handled woodern one for about $30 or hunt around and you can find a steel peel for around the $60 - $100 mark. For a scraper you can make one easy enough if you dont want to buy one.
Good luck
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
I have found peels cheap enough online I'm at the stage I want to start buying tools as well.
I found this site with cheap peels not sure on postage though
Pizza Accessories Wholesale Hospitality Supplies Australia
I'm sure there'll be a place close by where you can pop over and grab a cheap one.
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
I bought the three piece set from Forno Bravo:
Pizza Oven Tool Sets :: Forno Bravo Store
And they work well.
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
Hi there, as you are in Sydney I recommend Euroquip - they are in Revesby.
They are not cheap though. Their range is huge and the product is commercial quality. It really is superb using these quality peels and accessories. If you look after them they will last forever. Buy once but buy quality is what i say.
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
Thanks for the replies~
I'm starting to thing if i should try and make my on tools .. hahaha
but have a feeling in the end i'd probably pay around the same $ if not more
I'll keep looking and post good finds when i find them
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
I have been running my oven for about 18months now and still haven't bought a broom. I made my own peel out of sheet stainless steel cut to shape and bolted that to a stainless pole. I also made up one with a shor lendth of sheet bent at 90 degrees to scrape and push the coals around. An accidental design feature is that you can blow down the pole and blow all the ash off the oven floor. Some does come out the front but most goes up the chimney.
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
1 Attachment(s)
Dear Gummz
fins attached my homemades
Attachment 23320
The Peel is made from.9mm aluminium which makes it easy to slide under items in the oven. Trust me Mark 1 was 2mm thick and was great at pushing things into the flames. yes its a bit floppy but you use it to transport things in an oven not around the yard. I just polish with a little dry flour and things slip off real smooth.
The rake is made from 2mm aluminium... thick enough so it doesn't bend. works well but hard to get in to round corners at the front. Thought I mod it or make Mark 11 but it works well enough for me not to bother.Made most of the tools from aluminium so the would not harm the hearth bricks
The thing that looks like a harpoon is a fire poker and general all round tool. It was invented by JAS and is basically a metal tent peg attached to a metal curtain rod. Its a little cracker... cant beat it for pushing and pulling logs and fire and things around an oven. Its got a bit of weight to it which is what you want. Great to for pulling out a heavy roasting dish as well.
Brush not shown as its still being reconstructed was basically a Brass wire suede brush screwed to a wood handle. Unfortunatly mark 1 was left in the entrance way while I was distracted and copped a good scorching. Havn't decided on a more fireproof version or just to take more care as the first worked well
Hope something here will help
Regards Cobbler Dave
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
Hi C Dave,
Thanks for the pictures,, i've been doing some bunnings runs for ideas and possible "donnor parts". My primary tool i need to either buy or make is a broom + raker.
Anyone know where to get a good brrom head?? i saw a small fireplace brush,, looks like they use "cocoa fibers"...??
I also saw a small steel metal peg, which i think when i put it on its side "could" be used as a raker ... but i dunno how it will last against the heat...
Re: Looking to buy my pizza tools, any recommendations?
I bought my brass wire brush head off Epay and it landed here for about a 1/4 of the local price.
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Mfg.: Manitowoc Ice Machines
Model: Manitowoc ID-0906A
This Indigo series 874lb production dice size ice cube maker features air cooled with self-contained condenser and DuraTech exterior that is perfect for producing a high amount of ice per day which is perfect for hotel dining facilities, butcher shops, and seafood restaurants.
This ice machine comes with a (3) year parts & labor warranty, a (5) year parts & labor warranty on evaporator, and a (5) year parts & (3) year labor warranty on compressor.
There are currently no reviews for this item. Be the first to write one.


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Press release from Business Wire
NYSE Euronext Welcomes Leading Global Healthcare Supplier, Perrigo Company, to the New York Stock Exchange

 Perrigo Transfers Common Stock Listing to the NYSE from NASDAQ Global Select Market

Thursday, June 06, 2013
NYSE Euronext Welcomes Leading Global Healthcare Supplier, Perrigo Company, to the New York Stock Exchange11:55 EDT Thursday, June 06, 2013
NEW YORK (Business Wire) -- Allegan, Mich.-based Perrigo Company, a leading global provider of quality, affordable healthcare products, began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) today under the ticker symbol "PRGO" after the transfer of its common stock listing to the NYSE from the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Joseph C. Papa, Chairman and CEO, accompanied by members of Perrigo's leadership team, rang The Opening Bell® to celebrate the company's first day of trading on the NYSE.
Perrigo Company CEO Joseph C. Papa, joined by members of the company's leadership team, rings the NYSE Opening Bell® to celebrate Perrigo's transfer of its common stock listing to the NYSE from NASDAQ. (Photo: Business Wire)
Perrigo Company is the third NASDAQ-100 Index company, following Infosys Ltd. (NYSE: INFY) and Teva Pharmaceuticals (NYSE: TEVA), to transfer its common stock listing to the NYSE within the past year and the fourth NASDAQ 100 company by market capitalization (following Infosys, Teva Pharmaceuticals and TD Ameritrade Holding Corp./NYSE: AMTD) to transfer since 2012.
About Perrigo Company:
From its beginnings as a packager of generic home remedies in 1887, Allegan, Michigan-based Perrigo Company has grown to become a leading global provider of quality, affordable healthcare products. Perrigo develops, manufactures and distributes over-the-counter (OTC) and generic prescription (Rx) pharmaceuticals, infant formulas, nutritional products, animal health, dietary supplements and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The Company is the world's largest manufacturer of OTC pharmaceutical products for the store brand market. The Company's primary markets and locations of logistics operations have evolved over the years to include the United States, Israel, Mexico, the United Kingdom, India, China and Australia. Visit Perrigo on the Internet (http://www.perrigo.com). (Source: Perrigo Company)
About NYSE Euronext
NYSE Euronext (NYX) is a leading global operator of financial markets and provider of innovative trading technologies. The company's exchanges in Europe and the United States trade equities, futures, options, fixed-income and exchange-traded products. With approximately 8,000 listed issues (excluding European Structured Products), NYSE Euronext's equities markets - the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Euronext, NYSE MKT, NYSE Alternext and NYSE Arca - represent one-third of the world's equities trading, the most liquidity of any global exchange group. NYSE Euronext also operates NYSE Liffe, one of the leading European derivatives businesses and the world's second-largest derivatives business by value of trading. The company offers comprehensive commercial technology, connectivity and market data products and services through NYSE Technologies. NYSE Euronext is in the S&P 500 index. For more information, please visit: http://www.nyx.com.
Photos/Multimedia Gallery Available: http://www.businesswire.com/multimedia/home/20130606006049/en/
NYSE Euronext
Judy Shaw, 212-656-4290


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Pronunciation: сядам
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High Desert Plated Dirt Bike Rides
View Single Post
Mojave Mutt
Studly Adventurer
Joined: Aug 2009
Location: Apple Valley California
Oddometer: 662
Originally Posted by
Kali Trailrider
Ride what you like.
I'm sure there will be many different rides and many different skill levels.
Some of the faster groups keep a fast pace and look for the hardest trails they can find.
When is the first October ride.
How about October Sunday the 7th.
Weather out here on the High Desert has been a bit cooler but still hasn't made big transition from summer to fall temps except overnight.
I have one of my spots I'm thinking of riding to next Sunday from my house or can stage closer. It's a great place while the temps are little warm with lots of fun, sort of sandy, flowing, single track, and great washes Some good views of Edwards AFB, Jawbone, Tehachapis, and out as far as Piute mtns to the north. Nothing technical, just fun.
Probably 100-120 mile round trip from my house in Apple Valley on plated bikes, fuel available in Silver Lakes/Helendale on the outbound and return. Staging closer in, a half mile off HWY 395, a 60-70 mile loop, don't even need a plated bike.
All Invited but be warned, not noob terrain since there's some sandy spots..
I love this spot in the dead of winter when the sun is low on the horizon, sun is at your back in the morning and again in late afternoon.
Location: The Great Mojave
Mojave Mutt screwed with this post 09-27-2012 at
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App Giveaway: Save the Pencil for iPhone
Save the Pencil is a new, fun, little iPhone game. The goal is to guide HB, the pencil, through all the dots while collecting stars and avoiding the mean paper clips, rulers, and erasers.
This is a fantastic little puzzle game! You can only pass through the blue dots once, and the yellow dots as many time as you wish, but you must pass through them all before landing on the red dot. Throw in the obsessional part of you that insists on collecting all the stars and the occasional stress of being chased be a paper clip, and you have a real challenge on your hands! Not to mention, the graphics are just adorable.
You are HB; young, sharp and full of lead. A pencil on a mission to join the dots but there's a rebellion in the stationery cupboard! The paper clips, rulers, erasers and their friends are angry, and they'll do anything to stop you. Guide HB to safety and collect the bonus stars to unlock more challenging levels!
- Fun, addictive gameplay with plenty of variety. Tap the dots to move HB safely through each level.
- 60 challenging puzzles across 4 chapters will keep you tapping away.
- Full Game Center integration, with chapter leaderboards and over 20 achievements to earn.
- Collect three stars on every level. Some may be simple, but others are perplexing!
- Regular updates providing new levels and new enemies.
- End of chapter bosses offer a unique challenge.
- Different enemies interact with gameplay in different ways. Dodge paperclips, avoid spinning rulers, race erasers, and more!
- All your favourite stationery characters in one game!
- Full Retina Display support.
The good folks at Perfect Dimension have given us promo codes to give away to 5 lucky winners. For a chance to win, just leave a comment below!
Save the Pencil is available on the iPhone for $0.99.
Have an app you'd love to see featured on TiPb? Email us at email@example.com, tell us about your app (include an iTunes link), and we'll take a look.
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Reader comments
App Giveaway: Save the Pencil for iPhone
Looks fantastic! Thanks for the chance to enter!
Please i looooove games and this is perfect :) i cant imagine playing this game at school hehe
This game looks so cute.
Looks like fun!
Do want please.
Looks like fun!
I'd love to win Save The Pencil :)
Looks like a fun little game.
I Would play this game
As a pencil-pusher, I would love to have this one for a $0.99 discount!
TIPB great job with these app giveaways!
looks like a fun app for kids
Very cute.
this looks super fun!
looks like tons of fun!!
Love pencils, always cheer for them. Would like a crack at this game, most def!
Yay! Pick me!! Happy holidays to all!
Love the cast, and I always root for pencils. Would sure like to try this game.
I would love to try this game.