text:
OpenSUSE 11.3 Released.
View Single Post
Registered User
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 2,423
Re: OpenSUSE 11.3 Released.
Let me just explain something about the NVIDIA driver situation and why it is as it is.
The newer distros now use the open source NVIDIA driver called Nouveau, which only provides 2D acceleration(only experimental 3D acceleration not by default in some distros). It supports advanced features like KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) which makes seamless resolutions switching.
Ubuntu bridges the gap with binary proprietary drivers, other distros like openSUSE don't and the NVIDIA binary driver from NVIDIA conflicts with the Nouveau driver, so it's like having two drivers access the same hardware, which cannot happen. With these distros you have to sort this out manually by completely disabling the Nouveau driver. It's a pretty simple one command in some distros and then you can install the NVIDIA binary driver when they provide the packages for openSUSE 11.3.
I've done this sort of thing many times, so I know the drill off by heart and it's not for new users installing the NVIDIA driver manually. If you want to dig in deep with me, you're welcome or you can just wait for the packages.
I assume you guys have never attempted manually installing the NVIDIA driver? (excuse me for my ignorance)
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Prepare your muscles for racing with the Morgan Blue PBK Muscle Up Oil - 200ml. Formulated with sunflower and rosemary oils to stimulate your blood circulation and keep your muscles relaxed, the non-warming oil also gives your legs a shiny appearance. - L.M.
Please remember to add postal time (2-3 working days) to obtain a complete estimate of delivery to your door.
You will receive an email to confirm when your item has been sent.
You can also check the status of your order and individual items by accessing your account details and following the prompts.
Please allow 10 working days from dispatch of your order before notifying us of any late deliveries.
It may be advisable to check with your neighbours to see if a parcel has been left with them, check any outhouses you might have where it may be left if it cannot fit through your letterbox and contact your local sorting office to see if the item has been returned to the depot as undelivered and awaiting collection.
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subset: commoncrawl


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LeBron James announced his decision to sign with the Miami Heat on Thursday night.
- Filed Under
If acceptance and acknowledgment of a problem are universally recognized as the best steps toward solving it, then let me be candid:
I'm not sure I have the strength to go on.
Waking up this morning was tough, so tough. Not because LeBron James announced that he'll be signing with the Miami Heat (instead of the Knicks), but because — and this is where it gets really, really hard to say out loud — it's starting to sink in that the whole thing is just ... over. Done. Complete. ...


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 1/12/13
Dustin Johnson withdrew Friday after nine holes at the Sony Open because of the flu. Johnson was coming off a four-shot win last week in the Tournament of Champions at Kapalua, which started Monday and raced to a 54-hole finish a day later because of high wind. He opened with a 70 at Waialae and was 3 over on the front nine -- at least four shots away from making the cut -- when he informed tournament officials that he was too ill to continue. Johnson was spotted around Maui last week with his purported new girlfriend, Twitter sensation Paulina Gretzky, daughter of hockey legend Wayne Gretzky. Johnson had a chance this week to join Ernie Els as the only players to sweep the two Hawaii tournaments at the start of the year. Els won both in 2003.
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- Home
- Celiac Disease Research: Associated Diseases and Disorders
- Thyroid & Pancreatic Disorders and Celiac Disease
- Do Adult Celiacs with Pancreatic Insufficiency Require Long-Term Enzyme Supplements?
Do Adult Celiacs with Pancreatic Insufficiency Require Long-Term Enzyme Supplements?
- By Jefferson Adams
- Published 06/18/2010
- Thyroid & Pancreatic Disorders and Celiac Disease
- Unrated
Jefferson Adams
Jefferson Adams is a freelance writer living in San Francisco. His poems, essays and photographs have appeared in Antioch Review, Blue Mesa Review, CALIBAN, Hayden's Ferry Review, Huffington Post, the Mississippi Review, and Slate among others.
He is a member of both the National Writers Union, the International Federation of Journalists, and covers San Francisco Health News for Examiner.com.View all articles by Jefferson Adams
New research on pancreatic insufficiency and celiac disease.
However, at this point, there are no longitudinal studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the medical literature. A research team set out to rectify that by conducting their own longitudinal study. The team included Kate E. Evans, John S. Leeds, Stephen Morley, and David S. Sanders.
Over the next four years, the team conducted prospective follow-up checks on the 20 patients who received therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The team assessed gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary adherence, celiac antibody status, and dose of enzyme supplementation. They repeated titters for fecal elastase-1 (Fel-1) to reassess exocrine pancreatic function.
The team was able to review 19 of the 20 patients; one patient had died. The group averaged 59.7 years of age. Seven subjects were male. On average, patients suffered from celiac disease for 13.2 years.
Eleven out of nineteen patients continued on enzyme supplementation, with average doses of 45,000 units of lipase per day. Only one of the eleven patients reported no reduction in symptoms, while eight of the 19 patients had discontinued the supplements after their diarrhea abated.
The entire group showed a substantial increase in Fel-1 levels over time, with median values of 90 lg/g at zero months, 212 lg/g at six months, and 365 lg/g at follow-up of 45–66 months (p/0.0001).
Fecal elastase-1 is helpful in spotting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in adult celiac patients with diarrhea.
Results of the team's longitudinal survey indicate that that patients with celiac disease can end pancreatic enzyme supplementation as symptoms improve.
As always, Celiac.com welcomes your comments (see below).


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Posts Tagged 'R. Crumb'
Variations of R. Crumb
June 17, 2010 | by Caitlin Roper
R. Crumb is the subject of the first Paris Review Art of Comics interview. "I used myself as a character in the introductory page of the first few issues of Zap Comix, showed myself in a wacky cartoon, R. Crumb, the cartoonist." His self-portraits, like the artist, have aged well.
Summer Issue 193
June 10, 2010 | by Caitlin Roper
You might be familiar with the oeuvre of Caitlin Roper as The Paris Review's resident tweeter. In between tweets, Caitlin is managing editor of the Review. For the summer issue Caitlin has surpassed herself—valiantly stepping in as interim editor between Philip Gourevitch and me. Issue 193 is her editorial handiwork. —Lorin Stein
It's been thrilling to put together an issue, and to do it with my sharp, talented colleagues, Christopher Cox and David Wallace-Wells.
It's strange now to see this issue, which we've been working on for a few months, finally sprout legs and amble out into the world to meet its readers. There's a story, "Rhonda Discovers Art," by Katherine Dunn, that I can't wait for you to read. I think passionate fans of Geek Love will not be disappointed; Dunn is still as twisted and as genius as she was in 1989.
The summer issue also includes a stunning portfolio by Jeff Antebi of bonfires shot at night in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He says, "the fires seem almost like sentient creatures coming alive of their own free will, and staying awake as long as they care to."
Did you know that R. Crumb saw God in a dream in 2000? It's true. He talks to Ted Widmer about his vision, his work habits, his influences—from early TV to Norman Rockwell, LSD to Donald Duck—in the first Art of Comics interview in our fifty-seven-year history. I won't rattle off the entire TOC, but I hope you enjoy the issue. It's full of surprises.


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Cement Homes for Rent
BusinessWeek "Best of the Web" Winner 3 Years Running
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Thinking about renting a house in Cement? There are a ton of lovely houses for rent and you can find the most appropriate one with MyNewPlace's home rental search. Do you find yourself wishing you had more room? A home rental can solve this problem. You can find homes for rent in the best locations of Cement. Looking for that orchid interior? Search townhomes, single family houses or condos and find the rental home that will suit your rental housing needs. You can also get all kinds of answers to your housing rental questions by visiting our Renter's Guide
Want the inside scoop on Cement? Check out our Cement Local Talk for local tips and information about Cement. You can also get answers to your Cement questions from our local experts by using the "Ask a Question" feature.
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MyNewPlace can help you find the Cement, OK home rental that will work best for you. Using our rental home search, you can view townhomes or condos for rent if you want to live downtown, or check out the rental listings for single family house rentals in the surrounding areas. Try one of these cities below for more rental houses near Cement, OK.


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Serving Northeast Wisconsin Since 1972
Home • About • Contact
The Commission's Executive Committee is currently
overseeing the hiring process for the next Executive Director of
the Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission. The job description is
located under the "Employment
Opportunties" section on this website. Application deadline is
July 6, 2015.
We are still seeking an individual from
Marinette County to serve as a Commissioner. This
position is appointed by the Governor and is for a 6-year term. All
interested individuals are required to complete and submit a short
application to the Governor's Appointment Secretary in order to be
considered for an appointment to the Commission by Governor Walker.
If you have any questions or in need of additional information on
the process to apply for one of the openings, please contact Rich
The Bay-Lake RPC is a full service public planning
agency. If your community or county is in need of planning, GIS, or
grant administration assistance, please contact our office. We are
willing to discuss your needs and identify the appropriate
financial and technical resources in which to address them. We look
forward to hearing from you.
Have a great summer!
"The Bay-Lake RPC is a great resource for us here at
the OCEDC, and the staff response to our inquiries is always timely
and informative." - Oconto County Economic
Development Corporation
"We couldn't be happier with the working
relationship we have with the Bay-Lake RPC, they are extremely
dedicated and the products they deliver are superb."
- Manitowoc County Planning and Zoning
The draft Year 2045 Sheboygan Area Transportation Plan
(SATP) has been released for a 30 day public comment period
that runs through May 29, 2015. More information can be found here.
The U.S. Environmental Protection announced that 15 Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative (GLRI) grants were awarded this funding
cycle totaling more than $8 million for projects to combat invasive
species in the Great Lakes basin.
The Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission will receive $999,648
over two years to work with public and private landowners to remove
1,500 acres of Phragmites along the shores of Green Bay on
Lake Michigan within the Lower Green Bay & Fox River Area of
Concern. The project will identify and prioritize removal sites and
provide training to landowners on methods to control
The Commission will work with a technical advisory and steering
committee(s) to ensure a quality and efficient process that
prioritizes valuable areas for treatment and management of
Phragmites. For more information, please contact Angela Pierce.
The Commission has four open offices that it is willing to
sub-lease on a short or longer term basis to an organization
seeking good, quality office space that is close to downtown
amenities. The reduced lease rate (includes
utilities) is $7.00 a sq.ft. for the year. Parking spaces are
$15.00 per month. The staff will work with any organization on
their internet and phone service needs, which will be separate from
the Commission's current operating system.
Commission staff are continuing to accept requests for
demographic and economic information using EMSI software. All
counties and local units of government, along with planning and
economic development partners, are eligible to receive this service
through the Commission. The data found on EMSI Analyst and the
reports generated using the information can be very valuable in
drafting grant applications, preparing site search proposals, as
well as evaluating local and regional economic conditions for
future projects and investments.
Please contact Brandon Robinson or Josh Schedler at (920)
448-2820 for questions/concerns or to submit an EMSI Analyst
data request.
Housing Rehabilitation Informational
Farmland Preservation Zoning Overlay & Base Farm Tract
Alternatives Webinar, June 11, 2015. The webinar is from 10:00 am
to 11:30 am. You can access the webinar at this link: https://datcp-wi.adobeconnect.com/fpoverlay_bftalt/.
If you have any questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Full Commission Meeting, June 12, 2015, at the Art Garage on
Main Street in Green Bay. Meeting starts at 10:00 am. and public is
welcome to attend.
2014 Annual Report
June 2015
(See "Publications"
for past E-Newsletters)
Bay-Lake Regional Planning
425 S. Adams Street, Suite 201
Green Bay, WI 54301
created using: engage CMS


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School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|National Christian School Association (NCSA)
Southern Association Of Colleges And Schools (SACS)
|Religious Affiliation
|Church of Christ
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 8
|Year Founded
Student Body
|Total Students
|68 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 37%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|12 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|% Faculty w/Advanced Degree
|Average Class Size
|14 students
|Classroom Dress Code
(uniform pants/shirts)
Finances and Admission
|Admission Deadline
|Mar. 13 / Jul. 30 / rolling
|Yearly Tuition Cost
|% on Financial Aid
|Acceptance Rate
National avg.: 85%
School Notes:
North Texas Christian Academy is a faith based school with the belief that every child is a gift from God and should be educated in a highly academic environment that focuses that learning on the Christian world view. High academic standards are extremely important with an emphasis on family and friends. NTCA accepts applicants from all faiths and religious backgrounds.
Nearby Schools:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
MckinneyMcKinney Christian Academy
3601 Bois D'Arc Road
Mckinney, TX 75071
(214)544-2658(Christian)2.4 mi | 573 students | Gr. PK-12
MckinneyConcordia Christian Academy
2708 Virginia Parkway
Mckinney, TX 75071
(972)562-9944Daycare / Preschool (Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod)2.5 mi | 60 students | Gr. NS-PK
MckinneyHoly Family School
Po Box 1039
Mckinney, TX 75070
(972)562-5476Daycare / Preschool (Episcopal)2.5 mi | 56 students | Gr. K
MckinneyCornerstone Christian Academy
808 S. College Street
Mckinney, TX 75069
(214)491-5700Special Program Emphasis (Christian)3 mi | n/a students | Gr. PK-12
MckinneyLittle Saints School
2000 W White Ave A
Mckinney, TX 75069
(972)562-3585Daycare / Preschool (Christian)3.8 mi | 70 students | Gr. PK-K


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Did he get his grapes and Capri Sun after the game?
Did he get his grapes and Capri Sun after the game?
"I saw Wedding Crashers accidentally. I bought a ticket for Grizzly Man and went into the wrong theater. After an hour, I figured I was in the wrong theater, but I kept waiting. Thats the thing about bear attacks. They come when you least expect it."-Dwight K. Schrute
it is shocking to me how you people twist threads on here. I said nothing about his reaction effecting his performance. It just bothers me when someone is laughing when their team just lost. that should upset them.
The Rally Onion wants 150 fans before Opening Day.
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
Top Celebrity Engagements and Weddings from 2013
Ben and Jennifer: It's Officially Over
Selena's Scandalous Selfie Sparks Drama
The Adorable Children of Reality TV Stars
12 Fascinating Transgender Celebrities
Famous Kids: Where Are They Now?
Scott Disick Talks Baby Number 4 With Kourtney Kardashian
Best Celebrity Beach Bodies of 2015
Remove Your Eye Bags Instantly
Taylor Swift Stuns Everyone by Posting Sexy Bikini Pic
Michael Jackson's Daughter Paris Reveals Her Boyfriend
Did You know These Stars Were Born Rich?
This Girl's Fake Pregnancy Prank Totally Backfired
Halle Berry Just Dropped Major Surgery News
Hollywood's Weirdest Couple Is Staying Strong
Caitlyn Jenner Shows Off Her Tomboy Side
Inside The Lavish World of 1 Year Old North West
Yolanda Foster's Health Takes A Turn For The Worse?
Ariana Grande's Insane Diva Demands Revealed
The Worst Celebrity Beach Bodies
Brad Pitt & Angelina Jolie: When is it Time to Seek Help?
Celebrities You Didn't Know Share Exactly the Same Face
What Does Kylie Jenner Look Like Without Makeup?
Celebrities with Diseases: You'll Be Surprised by Who Has Been Diagnosed
Stars Who Weren't Afraid to Show Some Skin at the 2015 BET Awards
Cindy Crawford's 13-Year-Old Daughter Looks Just Like Her
Taylor Swift's Girl Gang Didn't Disappoint
7 Things To Know About Kris Jenner's Boyfriend
You Can't Help But Adore Cara Delevingne
10 Crazy Myths That are Actually True


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Moving up to a new classification brought some fears for the Lady Yellowjackets soccer team.
"We have a good program here and we hope to continue it," Starkville coach Anna Albritton said. "We got to North Half last season and got taken out. Then we moved up to another level in 6A and we were very afraid that we would just get blanketed, but we didn't. We had one bad game against Madison, but then we came back and played each district game tough."
All season long the Lady Jackets fought to prove they belonged. Going into the final game of the regular season, Starkville still had a chance for the postseason. In order to make it happen, the Lady Jackets had to defeat a tough opponent in Northwest Rankin.
Starkville fell short 2-0, but in the end, Albritton could not be prouder of the way her girls competed.
To subscribe to the E-edition, please click here [3].
[1] http://starkvilledailynews.com/sites/default/files/SHS soccer px 25.JPG
[2] mailto:email@example.com
[3] http://starkvilledailynews.com/eedition


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Is The West Coast Happier? Twitter Says Yes
Wow. According to this article, referenced in New York magazine, a bunch of researchers from Northeastern and Harvard have devised a way to quantify and visualize happiness in the U.S. — based on Twitter.
Analyzing more than 300 million posts to Twitter using the "ANEW word list," they have determined, among many things, that we Americans are happiest on Sunday morning and saddest on Thursday night. Hence Thirsty Thursday? Also interesting: "A number of interesting trends can be observed in the data..." the website says, "with the west coast showing happier tweets..."
I've always wanted to move to California. Now I can justify it, based on Dr. Twitter's empirical health observations.
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text:
Math Club Prize Pick-Up
Tivoli Theatre Movie Series
Infant Storytime
Parents with babies who are not yet walking are invited to this storytime experience! Songs, rhymes, stories, and movement activities are selected to promote verbal acquisition and sensory development. Only one child per adult is allowed.
Toddler Storytime
Parents with walking toddlers up to 36 months old are invited to register for this storytime. Songs, rhymes, stories and movement activities are selected to promote verbal acquisition and
Programming for Everybody (Python)
Learn the basics of programming and programming logic using the popular Python programming language. Go beyond just using a computer and learn how to create your own applications using free software.
This class will be taught using the Coursera Open Class platform (www.coursera.org). Class time will be used to watch the course videos and working with other classmates to complete the projects. A library staff member will also be available to help.
Board of Trustees Meeting
Lil' Einstein's
Come to the STEM Room to watch science demonstrations!


text:
1 Recommendation
norakaren's recommendation
vintage bustier dyed a lovely kiwi green. Adorned with fabulous aqua trims! Chiffon ruffles, gathered lace. Fun aqua and kiwi rose trim. Kiwi bows.
©2015 ThisNext, Inc. ThisNext is a member of BUZZMEDIA Entertainment, a division of BUZZMEDIA.
Create your own free digital magazine at our new site Glossi.com


text: Business U.K. police try (and fail) to shut down largest torrent search engine on the Web Image Credit: Flickr / Cristian Santinon May 26, 2014 1:20 PM Harrison Weber 0 If you're not reaching, engaging, and monetizing customers on mobile, you're likely losing them to someone else. Register now for the 8th annual MobileBeat, July 13-14, where the best and brightest will be exploring the latest strategies and tactics in the mobile space. The copyright crusade continues: U.K. police today suspended the domain name of Torrentz.eu, a massive search engine for torrent files. The successful suspension, TorrentFreak reports, resulted from a few warning letters sent by the U.K.'s Intellectual Property Crime Unit, a police unit that launched in September 2013 and had successfully suspended 40 domains by December 2013. Yet the U.K. police unit's request failed to cause little more than a hiccup for Torrentz.eu users; the service's alternate domains (Torrentz.me and Torrentz.ch) remain untouched, and it appears the request will only amount to a temporary suspension of Torrentz.eu's namesake domain. The IPCU claims to fight a cyber war against "organised crime gangs" that cost the U.K. music and film industry "hundreds of millions of pounds each year." These claims contradict numerous studies that find piracy can, in some cases, boost sales in creative industries.


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Jim Alcorn, the manager of the Idaho State Insurance Fund, is retiring January 2015. He has been the manager of the Fund since April 1998. Connie Barnett, the current Assistant Fund Manager/Underwriting, will be the new Fund manager. Connie has been with the Fund since July 1995. She has an extensive background with the Fund in the areas of risk management, client relations and underwriting. Connie holds a degree in Environmental Health from Boise State University.
News archives
compUpdate newsletter
The regular business hours of the State Insurance Fund are 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Mountain
Time, Monday-Friday, except for state holidays. Documents received by the Fund outside
of regular business hours will be recorded as received on the business day following
An effective loss prevention program can benefit your business and your employees.
Learn more.
Safety Corner archives
The Idaho State Insurance Fund will launch an updated version of our website in the near future.
In order to ensure you have the best user experience while browsing our site, we recommend you update your web browser as soon as possible to a browser and a version that are in the list below.
If you already are using one of the listed browsers and versions, then no further action is needed.
The updated website will be supported and best viewed with these browsers:
For more information on how to update your browser, visit www.outdatedbrowser.com.


text:
Egyptian President Mursi Assumes Sweeping Powers
Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi has issued a declaration preventing anyone from challenging his decrees, laws and decisions - a move rejected as initiating a "new era of tyranny".
Egypt: Mursi Assumes Sweeping Powers
Tunis Afrique Presse, 22 November 2012
Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi has issued a declaration preventing anyone from challenging his decrees, laws and decisions.read more »
Egypt: April 6 - Immunizing Mursi's Decisions Marks 'New Era of Tyranny'
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Ahmed Maher, founder of April 6 Movement and retracted member of Egypt's constitution-drafting body, announced on Thursday his rejection for the new constitutional declaration... read more »
Egyptian President Assumes Sweeping New Powers
- Publisher:
- Al Jazeera
- Publication Date:
- 22 November 2012
Just five months after being sworn in as President, Egypt's leader, Mohamed Morsi, has made his most polarising decision to date. He's issued a ... see more »
Egypt: Mursi Seizes Extraordinary Powers
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Amr Moussa, head of the Conference Party, called on Thursday upon political powers to meet in order to take a stance regarding the constitutional declaration President Mohamed... read more »
Egypt: Presidency to Announce Revolution Protection Act Shortly
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Egypt's presidency will announce the issuance of a revolution protection act shortly, presidential spokesman Yasser Ali said on Thursday.read more »
Egypt: Revolution Aborted Until Further Notice - Elbaradei
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Mohamed ElBaradei, head of the Constitution Party, denounced on Thursday the constitutional declaration President Mohamed Mursi issued earlier today in addition to the decisions he... read more »
Egypt: Sabahi - Constitutional Decree Coup On Democracy
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Former presidential candidate Hamdeen Sabahi described the constitutional declaration President Mohamed Mursi decreed on Thursday as a "coup on democracy and a monopoly of power".read more »
Egypt: New Decree Does Not Restore Parliament - Presidential Spokesman
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
"The new constitutional declaration does not restore the dissolved People's Assembly," presidential spokesman Yasser Ali told al-Jazeera Mubasher Misr channel on Thursday.read more »
Egypt: Mursi 'Digging His and Brotherhood's Grave' With Constitutional Decree
Aswat Masriya, 22 November 2012
Yehia al-Qazzaz, leading figure in Kefaya Movement, described on Thursday the constitutional decree President Mohamed Mursi issued as a "a constitutional tyranny, not a... read more »
Morsi supporters celebrating his victory in Cairo's Tahrir Square. (file photo)
Police arrested 19 people in scuffles on the anniversary of last November's "Mohamed Mahmoud" clashes where more than 40 people were killed in confrontations with security. Read more »


text:
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I found High Impact Hospitality very entertaining and inspirational. Mr. LeBlanc's down home and easy way with words makes this book easy to read as it teaches us valuable lessons... Read morePublished 24 months ago by Marla Topliff
Following in the mold of many of the great organizational and leadership development books, Chase does not fail to deliver. Read morePublished on March 11, 2013 by Andrew P
Anyone who is involved with the restaurant industry...no, ANY industry... and wants to be more than a broom pusher, needs to realize that the best way to gain experience is to pick... Read morePublished on March 2, 2012 by Mark Distich
High Impact Hospitality - Recommended Reading for both newcomers and seasoned managers
Chase LeBlanc has delivered an excellent message for managers at various levels... Read more
Ordered this book based on the reviews. Excellent book, practical, common sense and written in a way that can be easily understood and applied. Read morePublished on October 6, 2011 by Cynthia Pearl
This book is one you want to read and then give to all your employees.
I highly recommend the book for those planning on following a career in the F&B biz. Read more
This is a great read! It contains so many practical ideas for all managers to improve their business and make/keep happy employees. Read morePublished on March 16, 2011 by GiGi Mills


text:
A method for providing searching and alerting capabilities in traffic content at access points in data networks is disclosed. Typical access points for Internet, intranet and wireless traffic are described. Traffic flow through an Internet Service Provider is used as a preferred embodiment to exemplify the data traffic used as the input source in the invention. The invention teaches how proper privacy and content filters can be applied to the traffic source. The filtered data stream from the traffic flow can be used to improve the quality of existing searching and alerting services. The invention also teaches how a cache can be developed optimized for holding fresh searchable information captured in the traffic flow. It is further disclosed how the said cache can be converted to a searchable index and either separately or in cooperation with external search indexes be used as a basis for improved search services. The invention also discloses how the traffic flow can be analyzed in order to derive added information for measuring document relevance, access similarity between documents, personalized ranking of search results, and regional differences in document accesses.
1. A method for searching and analysing the traffic content at access points in data networks, wherein the data networks are shared network resources, particularly the complete Internet or an intranet, wherein said access points particularly are Internet access points for users served by an Internet service provider, or distributed in the form of an application to a plurality of users, or a connection point for wireless users, said connection point being either a native connection point or an Internet gateway for multiple connection points, and wherein the method is characterized by comprising steps for collecting information in the form of data extracted from the information flow at said access points in the data network, indexing said collected information with a predefined maximum time delay, and searching and retrieving information from said indexed information, and by further optional steps based on an analysis of the traffic content at access points for location coding of collected information in the form of documents, measuring the similarity of documents, and alerting users in regard of new and updated information.
2. A method according to
3. A method according to
4. A method according to
5. A method according to
6. A method according to
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[0001] The present invention concerns a method for searching and analysing the traffic content at access points in data networks, wherein the data networks are shared network resources, particularly the complete Internet or an intranet, wherein said access points particularly are Internet access points for users served by an Internet service provider, or distributed in the form of an application to a plurality of users, or a connection point for wireless users, said connection point being either a native connection point or an Internet gateway for multiple connection points.
[0002] The invention relates to improved information-retrieval methods and systems. In particular, the present invention relates to information-retrieval methods and systems accessing information on Internet or intranets through wired or wireless interfaces. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to intranet and Internet-based search engines and alert services.
[0003] Electronic information resources are growing rapidly on both Internet and closed intranets. This type of electronic information is increasingly displacing more conventional information sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and even television. The size of these information databases is currently growing almost exponentially.
[0004] Relevant general background art can be found in the following publications:
[0005] S. Brin and L. Page., The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine, Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, pp.107-117, Brisbane, Australia, April 1998 (Elsevier Science); J. M. Kleinberg, Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment, Proceedings of ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp.668-677, January 1998; and D. Gibson, J. M. Kleinberg, and P. Raghavan, Inferring Web communities from link topology, Hypertext, pp. 225-234, Pittsburgh, Pa., June 1998.
[0006] A protocol such as the Hypertext-Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File-Transfer Protocol (FTP) or the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is often used to transfer the content between the content providers and clients. Search engine technologies have been developed for both Internet and intranet applications. Currently, these search engines are based on automated crawling of web pages and additional online content from accessible servers. Typically, a set of seed pages is used to initiate the crawling. In a second phase the crawler also fetches documents that are referred to in one of the initial seed pages. This process continues as long as the crawler has detected new, unvisited document referrals in one of the fetched documents. Web documents are often formatted in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). A document referral is in this case typically a HTML hyperlink to another web page. The web page itself is usually specified by an address such as the Universal Resource Locator (URL).
[0007] Currently, search engines usually works in two phases. First, a crawler is used to collect a document database. Once the documents have been collected, they are pre-processed and indexed in order to make them available for searching. The document collection principle for a crawler suffers from the following limitations or disadvantages that affect the quality of the subsequent search:
[0008] The crawler will only get access to documents in the transitive closure of the selected seed pages based on the document referrals. A crawler will for instance never visit the documents that are without any referring documents. Also documents that do have referring documents can be left unvisited by the crawler depending on the link topology and the selected seed pages.
[0009] Crawlers are restricted to relatively seldom access any given server. Typically, the crawler must wait 30 seconds or longer between two accesses to the same server. This limitation is due to robot rules that are made to protect servers from being overloaded with automated requests. Continuous crawling of a given site will hence be limited to about 3 thousand documents per day. There exist several large sites with so many documents that it is in practice impossible to download and index the complete content with the crawling principles in prior art. Even moderate sites pose a big problem in terms of freshness for prior art crawling principles. A site with 90 thousand documents will for instance require a months crawling for a complete update.
[0010] Prior art principles for crawling are not well suited for guaranteeing freshness of the collected documents. The crawling restrictions make complete site updates in a search engine impossible for some sites and a matter of weeks or months for others. Only sites with less than about 3 thousand documents can be completely updated daily. The lack of freshness is a severe limitation of the potential for search engines. It is a huge market for daily newspapers, but the market for reading or even searching old newspapers is virtually nonexistent. Similarly, it should be expected that it would be of general interest to have access through search and alert services to web content that has been recently updated.
[0011] Prior art principles for crawling is not capable of retrieving dynamic objects. Dynamic objects are objects that typically require parameters passed along with the HTTP request. A user can for example make a few selections in dialog boxes, check boxes etc. and download a page that is not stored permanently as a html file, but rather generated automatically based on the user selections. Guessing all possible parameter settings is virtually impossible for a crawler and dynamic objects are therefore currently not accessible through Internet search engines. The web is on the other hand becoming more and more dominated by dynamic content both in terms of the number of pages and in terms of the value of the information or service.
[0012] The document databases for both Internet and many intranets are growing almost exponentially. However, the query complexity remains almost unchanged. The number of matching documents for a given question is therefore also growing almost exponentially. The relevancy challenge for search engines is therefore becoming more and more important. Prior art techniques for crawling allow for analysis of the link topology between documents and various techniques for assigning document priority based on this topology have been proposed. Link topology is on the other hand not an adequate source for relevancy for important document classes like: dynamic objects, new documents, binary files and wireless pages like pages written in the Wireless Markup Language (WML). All of these examples have none or relatively few links that can be used for a link topology analysis.
[0013] Alert services are described in prior art and work in much the same way as a search engine. An alert service will typically be able to take a search engine query and check a stream of new information against the query. A user can for instance search historic data on a search engine and use the query as a trigger in an alert service that is applying the query to a stream of new documents.
[0014] Due to the weaknesses and disadvantages inherent in the prior art and discussed above, there exist a pressing need for improving the document collection process in search and alert services.
[0015] A primary object of the present invention is hence to provide a method that will allow an increase in the total number of documents that can be collected, and an increase in the percentage of documents that can be collected from large sites, as well as improving the freshness of the documents in terms of the delay between the last document update or document creation and the time when it is searchable in a search service, in addition to allow the detection of documents that becomes invalid ("dead" links) and the collection of dynamic objects.
[0016] It is another object of the invention to leverage the improved source of recently updated documents to create alert services by checking whether a new document matches the triggers defined by the users of the alert service.
[0017] It is yet another object of the invention to let the relevancy or ranking criterion in the search engine to be based on the age of the document. This is particular important because this invention describes improved document collection principles that will allow the user to for instance search in new web documents created or updated the last 10 minutes, last hour or last day.
[0018] It is a further object of the invention to use the request statistics at access points in data networks to build improved relevancy in search and alert services.
[0019] It is yet a further object of the invention to create location specific document ranking by using request statistics from users in a spatial neighbourhood.
[0020] Finally it is also an object of the invention to use temporal proximity in request statistics to define degrees of similarity between documents.
[0021] The above objects and other features and advantages are realized according to the method of the present invention which is characterized by comprising steps for collecting information in the form of data extracted from the information flow at said access points in the data network, indexing said collected information with a predefined maximum time delay, and searching and retrieving information from said indexed information, and by further optional steps based on an analysis of the traffic content at access points for location coding of collected information in the form of documents, measuring the similarity of documents, and alerting users in regard of new and updated information.
[0022] Additional features and advantages of the present invention are disclosed by the appended dependent claims 2-36.
[0023] The invention itself, as well as the preferred embodiments, shall be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of preferred and illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein
[0024]FIG. 1 shows client connection to Internet through an ISP,
[0025]FIG. 2 a proxy server at the ISP, which is caching web content,
[0026]FIG. 3 a proxy server modified to communicate with an external search cache,
[0027]FIG. 3b distributed traffic crawling from client software,
[0028]FIG. 4 a possible organization of the search cache,
[0029]FIG. 5 how the content of the search cache can be turned into a search index,
[0030]FIG. 6 configurations for a search service utilizing the search cache index,
[0031]FIG. 7 the temporal proximity principle for defining document similarity, and
[0032]FIG. 8 a possible definition for a weight function defining the temporal vicinity.
[0033] Before a detailed discussion of preferred embodiments is given, the general background of the present invention shall briefly be discussed to ease the understanding of the latter.
[0034] Internet users are often connected to the net through so-called Internet Service Providers (ISPs). FIG. 1 illustrates how clients connect via an ISP to the various web servers. The ISP (12) leases bandwidth from an Internet backbone provider, and offers end-users (11) to have "a stake" of the bandwidth (14) based on a time-sharing model. The accesses from the endusers (11) are in this way routed through the ISP (12) to the web (13) with the individual servers (14) hosting documents (15) and multi-media content (16). The same model also applies for wireless users, either through native connection points or through Internet gateways for multiple connection points. Search engines in prior art have been based on automated crawling (17) from the web servers (14) and structuring this information in a search index (18) that is made available for searching. Results from the searches provide references back to the original documents on the web (15,16).
[0035] A common concept in computer systems is caching systems. The ISPs often employs a web-cache at their bandwidth distribution unit. This cache reduces the bandwidth usage on the backbone, whilst the end-users will experience lower latencies. Web-caches are often employed through proxy servers. Proxy servers can be transparent or non-transparent. Several caching mechanisms and proxy servers exist in prior art. One example is Squid (www.squid-cache.org), which is a free software version of a web proxy. FIG. 2 illustrates how the proxy server (21) might have an internal collection of documents or objects (22). User requests to these objects are served locally (23) in order to reduce the external bandwidth requirements from the ISP (24). The users will also experience reduced latency when a cached document or object is accessed. Expire rules are defined for the individual objects in order to assure that a copy in the cache actually reflects the original object.
[0036] The concept and properties of so-called traffic crawling shall now be discussed.
[0037] The complete set of users connected to Internet through an ISP will in total act as a large crawler of information from the web. For the remainder of this invention refer to this total information collection at an ISP or a similar connection point or gateway will be referred to as a traffic crawler. This "human" traffic crawler has a number of properties that are very different from an automated software crawler:
[0038] The traffic crawler will not have the same limitations as a software crawler in terms of seed pages and link topology for getting access to documents.
[0039] The traffic crawler will not be limited by the access limitations to a given site that a software crawler is subjected to. The traffic crawler can therefore potentially crawl large sites much faster and more complete.
[0040] A software crawler will spend much of its time by simply downloading documents it has visited before and checking if the content of these pages has been updated since the last download. The traffic crawler can check the content being retrieved by the ISP for the user requests to do duplicate testing against previous copies of the corresponding document. No additional information downloading is therefore necessary.
[0041] The traffic crawler can add to the freshness provided by a software crawler in two ways:
[0042] The traffic crawler detects missing or temporarily unavailable documents. The detection could typically be done by recording when a HTTP request to a given URL results in an error message such as error number 404. These failed requests could be utilized in the associated search service by either removing the associated URL's or assigning a lower rank value to the URL for the sorting of documents in the result lists produced by the search engine.
[0043] The traffic crawler can potentially analyse a new or updated document as soon as one of the connected ISP clients have downloaded the document. For instance a new press release could in this way be made searchable as soon as one of the ISP clients has read the article.
[0044] The ISP users will access dynamic pages and the content of these pages can hence also be made searchable. It can often be a virtually infinite number of parameter combinations that can be used to generate a dynamic page. The parameter combinations actually used in the requests are therefore a very reasonable selection for defining the set of dynamic pages that should be made searchable. This is exactly the set of dynamic pages that the traffic crawler potentially can index for subsequent searching.
[0045] The access pattern of the ISP users can also add to improved relevancy in the associated search index. Sites that are frequently visited can be ranked higher than the sites that are seldom visited. Such access counting could potentially also be done by the search engine itself by redirecting the user selections in the result lists, but it is much more valuable to base the relevancy computation on the total access pattern and not only the access pattern that comes as a result of searches.
[0046] The implementation and design of traffic crawling shall now be discussed, based on respectively a centralized or a distributed crawling concept.
[0047] Centralized Traffic Crawling
[0048] There are several ways to implement a traffic crawler based on the traffic at an access point in data networks. This invention will teach a few possible embodiments and it will be obvious to someone skilled in the art how slightly different design choices can be utilized to realize the same benefits. The examples taught in this invention will use traffic at an ISP an indexing of web documents as a case, but it will be obvious to someone skilled in the art how the same principles can be applied in similar situations such as intranet traffic or wireless connection points.
[0049] The actual access to the documents or objects passing through an ISP can be done in various ways. One alternative is to utilize the caching mechanisms employed by the ISP. The content of this cache can either periodically be indexed for searching and alerting or the search index could be augmented incrementally each time a new document or object is stored in the web cache. The limitation with this approach is that current web caches are designed to reduce the external bandwidth requirements from the ISP. The bandwidth goal dictates to a large extent what kind of objects that are kept in the web cache. Typically, a large fraction of the web cache will consist of frequently accessed multimedia objects. A lot of the most interesting text pages for indexing will also have an expire tag defined that tells the web cache to exclude it from the cache.
[0050] Hence, optimising the quality of the traffic crawling will either require modification of the web caching policies or a separate cache must be deployed in parallel with the web cache. The web cache will in this case select objects based on bandwidth optimisation criteria and the search cache will select objects based on document quality in terms of searching and alerting services.
[0051]FIG. 3 illustrates how a proxy server can be modified to communicate with a co-operating search cache. The search cache can either reside on the same computer(s) as the proxy server or it can reside on different computer(s) and communicate via a data network. The proxy server contains and internal web cache (31) which is used to reduce the external bandwidth requirements. The internal web cache is not necessary to implement the traffic crawling. A communication module (32) is included in the proxy server. The communication modules records web requests (35) passing through the proxy server (34) and optionally records and buffers result messages for the requests and the actual content, which is delivered to the user as a result of the request. The communication module transfers (36) part of this information to the search cache (33). The information transferred can be set up to include:
[0052] Only requests: This can be implemented by periodically transferring the updates in the access log of the proxy server from the communication module (32) to the search cache (33). Each access record can optionally be tagged with information like:
[0053] User information such as the IP address.
[0054] Encrypted user information. Due to privacy issues in web applications it will normally be important to keep the anonymity of the individual users. The communication module inside the proxy server can therefore be set up such that either all personal information is excluded or coded such that individual users can be separated but not identified based on the data that enters the search cache. One example could be to tag the request with an encrypted number based on the users session ID. This approach also makes the privacy policies controllable by the ISP and internally in the ISP proxy software.
[0055] Associated user information such as country and city. This information might be kept at a sufficiently coarse level to guarantee that individual users cannot be identified based on the data that enters the search cache. The location information can be generated based on auxiliary data recorded by the ISP when the individual users establish an account. Wireless applications can obtain localization information from for instance GPS-data provided by the wireless device or through localization of phones based on for instance base station IDs and delay times.
[0056] The result code for the web request. The search cache can for instance use this information to remove dead links or lower the rank of links that often are temporarily unavailable.
[0057] Hash values for document content. The communication module (32) can compute one or multiple hash values that reflect the content returned to the user as a result of the request. Such content keys can be computed with a minimal CPU overhead and represent a very compact way to transfer information to possibly a remote search cache. A remote search cache can for instance use this information to compare it with historic hash values for the same document. Changes in the hash values indicate that the document has been updated and it should be re-crawled in order to update the search index.
[0058] Requests with content: The communication module (32) can also send the actual document content in addition to the information discussed above for the request itself. This option is typically selected if a high capacity data channel is available between the communication module (32) and the search cache (33). The document has been retrieved by the ISP and can therefore in this way be made available for indexing and alerting without any additional requests to the original web server. The data stream must in this case be split such that a copy of the information returned to the user is being transferred from the communication module (32) to the search cache (33). It can be advantageous to perform some filtering in the communication module (32) in order to reduce the communication to the search cache (33). Typically, only requests that are interesting to index could be transferred. Examples of such filtering rules include:
[0059] Only transfer HTTP GET requests
[0060] Only transfer requests for the MIME types text/*
[0061] Only transfer content for requests with a result code indicating successful transmission
[0062] Only transfer requests for either positively identified hosts or for hosts that are not in a database of identified hosts that should be excluded.
[0063] The search cache (33) receives the information stream from the communication module (32) inside the proxy server and utilizes this information to build a search index or an alert service. FIG. 4 shows a possible organization of the search cache. The search cache (33) includes a communication module (41) that handles the data transfer with the communication module (32) inside the proxy server. The actual transfer logic can for instance be implemented with sockets. The data received by the communication module (41) is sent for further processing. The first processing step is optionally a rejection logic filter (42) that can extend and add to the filtering mechanisms described for the communication module inside the proxy server. The benefit of doing rejection filtering inside the proxy server is that the data bandwidth between the proxy server and the search cache is reduced. It is on the other hand also advantages of doing some of the rejection filtering inside the search cache:
[0064] The load additions for the CPU running the proxy server should be made minimal. The processing overhead inside the communication module (32) should therefore be kept to a minimum.
[0065] The search cache will typically have fast access to document information that is important for designing good rejection filters. Such information includes for instance historic hash values for document content, access statistics, and databases with hosts or sites that should be rejected.
[0066] It should be noted that the rejection logic (42) could be performed in real-time during the actual transfer. The transfer can hence be stopped as soon as the stream has been identified as an object that should be rejected by the search cache.
[0067] Distributed Traffic Crawling
[0068]FIG. 3b shows distributed traffic crawling from client software. A set of users (3 b 1, 3 b 2, 3 b 3) retrieves documents from a shared network resource such as Internet, mobile Internet or intranets. The documents are retrieved and displayed inside client software (3 b 4, 3 b 6, 3 b 8). The client software can typically be a browser application. A communication module (3 b 5, 3 b 7, 3 b 8) can be located either internally in the client software, as a plug-in or as a cooperating module. The communication module can when it is activated record the document ID's such as the URL's of the documents retrieved by the client software. The communication modules can furthermore send the same type of information as previously described for centralized traffic crawling. The messages from the distributed set of communication modules inside the client software are aggregated by a server application (3 b 10). The server application (3 b 10) communicates the acquired information to a search cache (3 b 11) in exactly the same manner as the communication module in centralized traffic crawling (32) sends information to the search cache (33).
[0069] Distributed traffic crawling makes it possible to obtain the same benefits as centralized traffic crawling without the need to integrate the system with ISP's or similar services. A distributed access point is in stead utilized through client software and the distributed access information is aggregated by communication over the net to a centralized server application.
[0070] Handling of private information can easily be handled in distributed traffic crawling since the user can through the client software explicitly activate and deactivate the communication module.
[0071] The caching of traffic content shall now be discussed.
[0072] The documents that are not rejected by the rejection logic filter (42) are transferred to an object manager (43) that actually caches the information associated with the various documents. The object manager includes a privacy filter (44) that checks the documents in the temporary storage (47) such that private information is excluded from the output from the object manager (43). The privacy filter (44) will be described separately in the invention. The information stored together with the document reference in the object manager (43) can include:
[0073] Information attached to the document by the communication module (32) inside the proxy server as previously described.
[0074] Document statistic like the last-modified attribute.
[0075] Access statistic like time of first-seen, time of last-seen, number of accesses in various time intervals, and the number of different users that have accessed the document.
[0076] The document content itself.
[0077] A static rank value for the document.
[0078] The object manager can either serve as a service that continuously or periodically outputs data streams with information about new, updated or deleted documents. The data streams can either only include document references (45) or document references including the actual document content (46). These data sources are valuable for building alert services for web updates and for improving the size, freshness and relevance of general and specialized search engines on the web. The document references (45) can be used as a re-indexing signal to guide the crawler (17) of a traditional search engine and the actual document content (46) can be used to also replace the crawling (17) of these documents in a traditional search engine. The object manager (43) can also serve as a cache by increasing the temporary storage and including eviction algorithms for removal of documents from the cache. The time-to-live attribute that can be assigned to documents for instruction of web caching is not really relevant for search caching. The actual document accessed by the user in the resulting search service will be to the original document. The only risk is hence the traditional problem for search engines that the indexed text might be outdated compared with the actual document. The likelihood of this freshness problem is on the other hand dramatically reduced by search services built on the techniques taught in this invention. The cache eviction policies could be tied closely with the document rank value if this value truly reflects the documents quality and/or popularity. New or updated documents could be kept in the cache for some predefined minimum time such that search services can be built for recent web updates. Dynamic objects could have reduced time-to-live in the search cache in order to avoid an excessive amount of dynamic objects that usually are frequently updated.
[0079] The object manager (43) could also include a module for computing static rank values (48) for the documents in the temporary storage (47). The rank value can be used both for the caching policies in terms of determining which documents that should be removed from the temporary storage (47) and as input for the ranking of search results in the resulting search service. The ranking criterion can typically be a combination of link topology, document content and access pattern. The benefit of the traffic crawler is that the quality of the estimates on access statistics will be improved over prior art. An example of a simple ranking formula limited to the access statistics is:
r′=r+w�I�f(hit rate)�g(number of users accessing document)+(I−A)
[0080] In this equation r denotes the previous rank of the document and r′ denotes the updated rank of the document. w is a weighting factor in the recursive update of the ranking value. I denotes the target average rank value and could also be used as an initial value for new documents. A denotes the average rank in the previous ranking and is used to stabilize the rank values over time based on I. The functions f and g are monotonic functions that increase the weight of the documents that are accessed often and by many different users. The indexing of the traffic cache shall now briefly be explained
[0081] The object manager can be used simply to continuously or periodically output data streams with information about new, updated or deleted documents (45 and 46). The recipient of the generated data streams will in this case handle the indexing of this information and the resulting search service generation. Another alternative is to let the object manager (43) use a cache or a temporary storage (47) and either continuously or periodically index the content in the temporary storage (47).
[0082]FIG. 5 shows how the content of the search cache can be turned into a search index. The simplest approach (51) is to periodically process (54) the complete content of the search cache in order to construct an updated search index. Alternatively, the complete search cache can be indexed once and then and incremental index (58) is constructed continuously or periodically (55) for updates (57) in the search cache (52). The incremental index must either be directly combined with the complete index or periodically merged. The merging can also be implemented by simply re-indexing the complete search cache. Yet another alternative is to let the search cache divide the data into groups according to the last recorded document updates (53). The groups could for instance be "last hour" (59 c), "last day" (59 b), and "last week" (59 a). The same groups would hence be reflected in the search index (59 d, 59 e, 59 f). Such groups would reduce the indexing requirements and merging operations required for the indexes.
[0083] The document rank computed by the indexing operation can either utilize the rank value suggested by the rank computation (48) inside the object manager or it can combine this value with other sources of information such as link topology.
[0084] According to the present invention the traffic cache can advantageously be used in a search service.
[0085]FIG. 6 shows configurations for a search service utilizing the search cache index. The search index generated from the search cache is an index that can be utilized in a traditional way to build search engine services. The user sends the queries (61) to the search cache index (62) that produces results (63) that are returned to the user. The search engine can leverage the benefits provided by the traffic crawler that has been described in this invention. Another alternative is to combine the search index generated from the search cache with an external search index that could for instance be a large-scale general Internet search service such as www.alltheweb.com. The users search query (64) would in this case be sent to a query dispatch module (65) and the same search would be conducted both in the traffic cache index (66) and the collaborating search index (67). The result lists produced by the two searches are merged in a merger module (68) that take the document ranking values into account. Finally, a unified result is constructed and returned to the user as a response to the initial query (69). The merging operation can hence select various algorithms for ranking the local content returned from the traffic cache index against the content from the collaborating search engine that might have globally ranked content.
[0086] The concept with two collaborating search engines can easily be extended to handle multiple search engines with potentially more than one traffic cache. The dispatch module (65) and the merger module (68) must in this case be modified to communicated with the selected set of search services. Similar combinations with parallel searches in multiple prior art search engines for the Internet exist in prior art and are usually referred to as meta-search engines.
[0087] The method of the invention shall advantageously enable the use of regional or community specific ranking.
[0088] The document databases for both Internet and many intranets are growing almost exponentially. However, the query complexity remains almost unchanged. The number of matching documents for a given question is therefore also growing almost exponentially. The relevancy challenge for search engines is therefore becoming more and more important. Location information can play a key role in implementing the necessary relevance improvements.
[0089] Location encoding can be achieved by studying the content and the properties of a given document. Information such as addresses or telephone numbers can be used to assign the document to a specific geographical location. Alternatively, one can study the access pattern to a given document from different regions and identify which documents that are statistically over represented in terms of accesses from a given region. The search engine can utilize this information to create region specific ranking formulas. A Spanish user of the search service could for instance have a ranking that utilizes information about which sites that are popular among Spanish users. The regional access pattern can also be used to create automated lists of popular documents that are associated with any specific region. These lists can be further divided into categories and can hence be used to create automated regional portal services.
[0090] The spatial information provided by the traffic crawler must be kept at a sufficiently coarse level to guarantee that individual users cannot be identified based on the data that enters the search cache. Typically, all regions annotated should have a predefined minimal number of users. The location information can be generated based on auxiliary data recorded by the ISP when the individual users establish an account. Wireless applications can obtain localization information from GPS-data provided by the wireless device or through localization of phones based on for instance base station IDs and delay times.
[0091] The method according to the present invention will advantageously be able to provide information, allowing computation of document similarity based on statistics provided by the traffic crawler.
[0092] Prior art techniques for crawling allow for analysis of the link topology between documents and various techniques for assigning document priority based on this topology have been proposed. Link topology is on the other hand not an adequate source for relevancy for important document classes like: dynamic objects, new documents, binary files and wireless pages like pages written in the Wireless Markup Language (WML). All of these examples have none or relatively few links that can be used for a link topology analysis. The temporal proximity in request statistics delivered by the traffic crawler can provided a useful source for defining similarity measurements between documents in these situations. The request statistics can also add to similarity measurements in situations where a richer link topology can be used for similarity measurements.
[0093]FIG. 7 illustrates the temporal proximity principle for defining document similarity. The ISP (71) connects (72) a number of users (A,B,C, . . . ) to the web resources (73) which consist of servers (74) and individual documents (a,b,c,d, . . . ). The access log recorded by the traffic crawler can be split on the various users such that subsequent requests from the same user can be identified (74). User privacy can still be maintained by encrypting the user ID information. It is sufficient for the following analysis that the access log is annotated with session IDs instead of user IDs. Annotation with session IDs or encrypted session IDs will further protect the users privacy.
[0094] The similarity definition rests on the assumption that an individual will dominantly retrieve related information within a short time window or within a short interval of successive requests. There are obviously exceptions to this assumption, but random changes caused by a switch of focus by the user can also be expected to have a more statistical random nature.
[0095]FIG. 8 shows a possible definition for a weight function defining the temporal vicinity. An example is illustrated where the user "C" makes a request to the document "a" at the time t0. A second request by the same user or session is made to the document "b" at the time t1. Also assume that k other document requests have been made by the same user between the requests to the documents "a" and "b". A vicinity weight function can in this case be defined as a function w(k, t1−t0) where w is a function that decreases monotonically with both k and |t1−t0|. In simplified models w can be selected as a signature function of for instance a given time interval relative to t0 (tMIN−tMAX) or a given number of accesses k1 prior to t0 and a given number of accesses k2 after to. Similar weight function models are used in other applications such as algorithms for managing pages in a virtual memory.
[0096] A ranked similarity list for a given document "a" can now be established by measuring the statistical overrepresentation of other documents in the vicinity of requests to the "a" document. The analysis can either be performed on a document level or on a site level where all documents residing on a given site are treated simply as a request to the top-level site. The ranking value can be based on a number of techniques and it will be obvious to someone skilled in the art how slight modifications of the embodiments taught in this invention can be applied. The similarity rank can be based on for instance one of these measurements:
[0097] Total access number within a predefined time vicinity window of requests to the "a" document.
[0098] The total sum of the vicinity weight function w for all accesses within a predefined vicinity window of requests to the "a" document".
[0099] The statistical significance of the observed number of "b" requests within a predefined vicinity window of requests to the "a" document. The statistical test can be based on a null hypothesis that assumes that requests to the "a" and "b" documents are really unrelated. Furthermore, the general access frequency to the "a" and "b" documents can be taken into account in the statistical test. A similar statistical test can be devised by utilizing the total sum of the vicinity weight function w as the observation variable instead of the request count.
[0100] A document similarity list can hence be computed for any document "a" by sorting documents requested within a predefined vicinity window of requests to the "a" document according to one of the suggested similarity rank functions. The quality of such similarity lists can be improved by removing trivial similarities such as documents on the same site or documents that are directly referred to with hyperlinks in the "a" document.
[0101] The similarity lists can also be computed for a group of documents instead of a single document. This can easily be implemented by treating any request to a document in the document group as a reference to the "a" document in the previous description. Alternatively, one can improve the affinity by weighting the requests by a user similarity factor that for instance could count the number of common documents between the document group and each of the access logs for individual sessions.
[0102] Personalized ranking and document selection can be achieved in this manner by for instance computing a document similarity list based on a set of user-selected documents. The user can either select these documents explicitly or an automatic selection can be done based on favorite selections inside the browser or access history recorded either locally by the client's browser or at the access gateway.
[0103] Search services and alert services can utilize this information to allow the user to create a personalized ranking formula. The personalized ranking could favor the following documents in the result lists:
[0104] Documents actually supplied by the user.
[0105] New dynamic pages related to documents supplied by the user such as news articles on a newspaper site.
[0106] Documents that have high similarity factors as described above with the set of documents supplied by the user.
[0107] The present invention can also serve to establish relevancy algorithms on the basis of document similarity topology.
[0108] Modifying the definition of the predefined vicinity window for similarity ranking can derive interesting properties about the documents. It is for instance possible to compare the rank value between the two documents "a" and "b" with two vicinity windows: one 10 minutes after "a"-requests and one 10 minutes before "a"-requests. Differences in these two values will both give information on the relation between "a" and "b" and the nature of the content in "a". These values will actually define the real effective link topology between documents based on actual usage. The values can be compared with the hyperlink topology or replace the hyperlink topology as a basis for document relevancy computations. It will be obvious for someone skilled in the art how prior art techniques for relevancy based on link topology can be extended to the traffic derived usage topology taught in this invention. Two such alternatives are:
[0109] First, an initial document rank is assigned to each document. It can either be the same for all documents or take other information sources into account for differentiating the document. Secondly, document ranks are propagated through the described usage topology by weighting the initial document ranks with the link strength.
[0110] Algorithms found in prior art such as the page rank or HITS algorithm can be used as iterative models for propagating the page ranks through the described usage topology.
[0111] In most web and wireless applications of the current invention it will be paramount that the user privacy is maintained. Indexing of traffic content at access points in data network could potentially make private information searchable for a large audience. Hence the method according to present invention shall be able to assure user privacy.
[0112] Separate protocols have been devised that safely and securely transport web objects, for instance the HTTPS protocol. Web servers that host private content objects should use such protocols if they wish to guarantee discretion to the user. Unfortunately, rather the opposite is common practice. A variety of different ways are used to hide private content at the web servers, while the actual content is still transported as clear text. A lot of the private content is hosted as dynamic objects and has therefore in general not been available in prior art search services. The current invention teaches how dynamic objects also can be efficiently indexed and made searchable.
[0113] The following principles can be used to avoid indexing of private or sensitive information:
[0114] Secure protocols like the HTTPS protocol are obviously not indexed.
[0115] Indexing is limited to HTTP GET requests. Some personal objects are for instance retrieved by using a HTTP POST operation on the server. Results from these operations are not stored.
[0116] Sometimes dynamic and personal content is protected by some version of the HTTP authentication mechanisms. This works by setting specific fields in the HTTP request header. This type of authentication can be automatically detected in order to exclude the resulting information from indexing.
[0117] The indexing can be limited to documents that have been viewed by a predefined minimal number of users. Indexing of information that only a single user has been viewing can in this way be avoided.
[0118] The indexing can be limited to requests that don't contain cookies in order to assure that the cookie don't transport personal information that is required for retrieving the document.
[0119] The indexing can be limited to a predefined set of sites and hosts.
[0120] The indexing can exclude predefined sites and hosts that should not be indexed.
[0121] Detected document references can finally be re-crawled in order to check that the information is actually generally available for anybody.
[0122] While the present invention has been particularly shown as described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Utilization of specific protocols and formats is not a necessary feature of the present invention. For example, other wireless protocols can replace WAP/WML without affecting the principles taught in this invention. It is therefore contemplated that such modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Referenced by
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text:
Munson, S; Eshel, N; Ernst, M; (2006) Ethics of PET research in children. In: Charron, M, (ed.) Practical Pediatric PET Imaging. (72 - 91). Springer: Cambridge, MA.
Full text not available from this repository.
|Book chapter
|Ethics of PET research in children
|UCL classification:
|UCL > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Life Sciences
Archive Staff Only: edit this record


text:
Affluent Lifestyle Guide
You might like Best Runway Models >
The hotel tour is one of the small inconveniences of the travel professional's life. For 30 minutes you trudge in a group from floor to floor, room to room, trying to think of something polite to say. ("And here is the bedside table." "Yes ? it is.")


text:
DENVER (AP) Brett Olson scored 18 points and Denver extended its winning streak to seven games with a 68-57 victory over Utah State on Saturday.
DENVER (AP) Brett Olson and Chris Udofia each scored 15 points and Denver shot 56.3 percent from the field in a 73-37 rout over San Jose State on Thursday night.
DENVER (AP) Marcus Byrd had 12 points as Denver defeated Texas-San Antonio 75-50 on Sunday.
DENVER (AP) Chris Udofia scored 15 points and Denver won for the fifth time in its last seven games with a 64-53 victory over Texas State on Thursday night.
DENVER (AP) Royce O'Neale and Cam Griffin scored 12 points apiece to help Denver beat Southern Utah 72-47 Friday.


text:
|Jul 2015
|Thu 2nd
|Jada & Maia
|Wed 1st
|Gina J
|Jun 2015
|Tue 30th
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|Hania & Maely
|Mon 22nd
|Backstage 471
|Sun 21st
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|Billie T & Bobbie
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Pushing her finger past her pubic hair and into her anus Sofia exhales with pleasure.
On her side Sofia exposes all of her pale nude body, reaching over with her hands she pulls at her round bum, feeling her soft labia with her other hand she inserts a finger inside herself. The shoot is also beautifully punctuated with a pee stop.
Sofia's fingers stroke down soft pubic hair, each tug pulling on sensitive nerve endings making her vagina ache for more.
Sitting on the floor Sofia unpacks her suit case telling us about her life. Her fingers tease at her clothing, burrowing into a small hole at the crotch of thread bare jeans. Once naked her fingers explore her openings, the sweet clicking of vaginal moistness the only sound. Face down ass up, fingers pleasuring her vagina, she gives in to anal pleasure as well.
Dark skinned, bubbly Lewa is paired with mature English Sofia M and they have lots to talk about! Relaxed on the sofa hands soon start to stroke the soft bare skin avaliable on their partner and slowly the ladies draw closer.
Lewa is quick to find an excuse to see Sofia's underwear and is delighted to see the dark pubic hair visible from the sides. Sofia is equally thrilled as she gets Lewa's large breasts out of her bra exclaiming that she has 'never had an orgasm with a girls boob in her hand before!'
Hands soon start to masturbate to a thrilling climax that see's lots of nipple sucking and the ladies helping each other to orgasm!
Curvy, Portuguese Daisey is sat next to cheeky, mature, English Sofia M and they have lots to talk about! So much so that we thought we would film what happened before and after their video as well!
Having talked about a shared passion for linguistics it's not long before all eyes (and hands) are on Daisey's large breasts. 'Do you hold those with one hand or two' Sofia asks just before Daisey drop her right breast onto her hand with a pleasing smack sound.
As well as breasts the ladies also discover they each have soft fluffy pubic hair and they have a feel of their partners.
Having helped each other out of their clothing, stoked their hair and estimated the weight of their breasts it is time! With hands still seeking their partners nipples the ladies lay back, share a look and seek out their orgasms as one.
Standing in the kitchen we join slender, Mature, English Sofia M as she waits for her lunch to cook. In these busy times it is increasingly difficult to find time for ones self but being a modern woman of the world, Sofia shows us how we can have it all!
Her dinner is not the only thing heating up in the kitchen, as she makes the most of the other wise wasted time. Her hands soon work their way into her top and find her small breasts, her fingers seeking out her hard nipples. Sitting on the side she starts to rub her hairy pussy through her trousers, letting her body warm up slowly. Needing more room she slowly peels off her trousers and slides her pants to the side, so she has room to pleasure her clitoris properly.
Naked on the kitchen top, her breath starts to quicken, as she nears her orgasm...
Mature, English woman Sofia M is here to show that she is in her prime! With a knowing smile and a sophisticated dress Sofia sits in a chair ready for her first abbywinters solo. You can hear the initial shyness in her voice as she tells us about her current home base of Scotland and her love of history.
As her hands tease at her clothing and finally pull down the zip of the dress, you can see her body relax. Her hands find her small, still pert boobs and the look in her eyes as she plays with them is that of a woman who has learned what her body enjoys. Forgetting her camera shyness, she looks into the camera and savours the sensation of her hands running over her body, stroking her pubic hair and finally disappearing inside her.


text:
Nightlife, Mazatlán
5 Reviews
5 Reviews
Favorite thing:
Gus Gus is by far my favorite thing in Mazatlan. Great bar with excellent service and great prices!!!!!
Fondest memory: The beach is the best!!!!!The trip to stone Island was Awesome!! We had fun banana boating! The people of Mazatlan are second to none. Everyone goes out of their way to be helpful (and sell you a trinket or two) but they are genuine and very friendly
Favorite thing: Mazatlan has some very good local bands that end up playing most evenings in hotel lobby's or corner street bars. We enjoy sitting back & listening to local performers playing Rolling Stone, Pink Floyd or J.Lo tunes. They actually are pretty good.
Favorite thing:
Spend some evenings in the local (watering holes). One of my favorites is Gringo Lingo. The atmosphere is very upbeat & the drink prices are very reasonable.
Fondest memory: The local people are very friendly & will go out of their way to please you.
Favorite thing:
Party at Senoir Frogs. That place is FUN, FUN, FUN. This bar and restaurant was the one place I went to every night I was there. The party atmosphere and the all night dancing was the best.
Fondest memory: Parasailing over the clear blue waters: close 2nd would be a booze cruise to acca pulco
Favorite thing: Visit Valentino's Disco Club. It is a Moorish-style palace by the sea at Punta Camaron (beginning of the Golden Zone).
Get an instant answer from local experts and frequent travelers
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text:
Crab Marinara
|Olive oil
|2 Tablespoon
|Chopped onion
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Tomato sauce
|1 Can (10 oz)
|Chopped parsley
|2 Tablespoon
|1 Tablespoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Dried basil
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Dried oregano
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Pepper white
|To Taste
|Frozen crab/1 can small shrimp, drained
|1 Pound (Thawed Drained)
|3 Quart
|1 Tablespoon
|Vegetable oil
|1 Tablespoon
|Fusilli/Fettuccini / linguine
|1⁄2 Pound
|Frozen broccoli spears
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
Heat olive oil in a medium saucepan over low heat.
Saute onion in oil until golden.
Add tomato sauce, parsley, sugar, 1/2 teaspoon salt, basil, oregano and pepper.
Bring to a boil.
Reduce heat and simmer 30 minutes.
Stir in crab or shrimp.
Bring 10 cups water to a rapid boil in a heavy 5 quart pot or Dutch oven.
Add 2 teaspoons salt and 1 tablespoon oil.
Gradually add fusilli, fettuccini or linguine, being sure water continues to boil.
Cook pasta uncovered until tender but firm, stirring occasionally.
Drain; set aside.
Cook broccoli in water according to package directions.
Spoon pasta into a large serving dish.
Cover with 1/2 of sauce.
Lay cooked broccoli spears on top of sauce.
Spoon remainder of sauce over broccoli spears.
Serve immediately.
Makes 4 servings.


text:
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INFINITY ❤s PERL
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text:
Hey everyone , my baby is 4 months now and i just started him on solids. The thing is he wants to nurse from me after spoon feeding even if he is completely full!!! I just end up nursing him for a while coz he wont stop screaming like he has starved for days!!! Has he associated feeding to sucking? I refuse to let him cry-it-out. i dont want to get him used to a pacifier (unless i have any other choice). Has any of your babies done this? What shld i do?
baby wants to nurse after spoon-feeding!!
Posted 12/06/2012
Maybe u think that for your baby but I don't tell you how to raise your baby so don't tell me how to raise mine. He loves cereal and if I make a 4oz bottle and mix a ounce with cereal and he drinks the other 3 wth is the diff? He's still getting 4oz of formula. And he knows the diff. At night he knows his routine and he wants it. And no I don't use it to make him sleep better (it doesn't effect his sleeping) he has reflux and I don't like putting it in his bottle. But my advice may be bad to u cuz u don't feed your baby cereal which is exactly why you shouldn't of even left a comment. She didn't ask if she should feed her baby cereal she asked if she should nurse after which I pretty much said yes. I give my boy the rest of his bottle after he eats his cereal. A lot of you ladies feel the need to put your 2 cents where it doesn't belong. And I'm 1 of those places if I don't ask you something then I really don't give a shit what you think!
Posted 12/06/2012
Apparently you do "give a shit" since you commented back :)
Posted 12/06/2012
Posted 12/06/2012
No I'm just tired of everyone else thinking they know whats best for other peoples babies.
Posted 12/06/2012
Oh brother...
Should we be charging admission at this point?
You shut your mouth when you're talking to me!
I'm a bitch. It worked for me in high school and it's been a reflex ever since.
Posted 12/06/2012
Ok my lo is 4 months today & 3 days ago I started giving solids. It was suggested to try to see what he did with it. My LO ate from the spoon & did great.
HOWEVER, I only feed 2-3 baby spoonfuls, once a day & then I give him bottle.
This is also on the WIC website as recommendations. I'm not rushing my baby to grow up by any means.
I agree solids should not be baby's main source of nutrition. LO definitely still needs his milk.
HOWEVER, I only feed 2-3 baby spoonfuls, once a day & then I give him bottle.
This is also on the WIC website as recommendations. I'm not rushing my baby to grow up by any means.
I agree solids should not be baby's main source of nutrition. LO definitely still needs his milk.
Posted 12/06/2012
Is Denijo & OP (Dilee12) the same person?
Kim [28] + Bart [25]
DS Jack Aleister
Furbaby Lila
Kim [28] + Bart [25]
together since 1/15/11
DS Jack Aleister
born 9/23/12 - 7lbs10oz
Furbaby Lila
Dilee12 · Original Poster
Posted 12/06/2012
Thanks for your replies ladies.. :)
and KayDubs, what are you talking about?
What's on your mind?Create a new post
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Strategies for dealing with bossiness Read More


text:
The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
Christmas day
Tarawera lake ,NI,NZ
Submitted by: Igor Glinda
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Fishy photos: Eoin FairgrieveLocated close to the river Tweed, Eoin Fairgrieve developed a passion and skill for photography through shooting images for articles on fishing for Atlantic salmon. We approached him with our usual row of questions.
December 17th 2012