text:
The present invention relates to a heat exchanger which is specifically adapted for use in connection with blood oxygenators, particularly bubble oxygenators. The core of the heat exchanger is generally cylindrical and closed at both ends. The cylinder is made of thin walled material with good heat exchange properties such as aluminum. The portion of the heat exchanger core which will be exposed to blood is coated with a biocompatible material such as tetrafluoroethylene. The heat exchanger may be connected to a source of heat exchange medium, such as water, through couplings in the top portion of the heat exchanger core. The heat exchange medium is then circulated through the core providing heating or cooling which is capable of heating or cooling blood within a bubble oxygenator. The heat exchanger core is then nested within a suitable receiver. The inner walls of said receiver may be reticulated in order to facilitate exchange of heat between the heat exchanger core and a fluid, such as blood, flowing between the outer wall of the heat exchanger core and the inner wall of the shell.
1. A heat exchanger for use in controlling temperature of blood in an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising:
an enclosed cylindrical heat exchange core having a top portion and relatively straight non-convoluted outer cylindrical and bottom walls with a smooth outer heat exchange surface coated with a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, of relatively small blood compatible surface area and low resistance to blood flow and a plug positioned within said core such that there is a relatively small space between the plug and said outer cylindrical and bottom walls;
means for circulating a relatively small volume of heat exchange medium through the relatively small space and in contact with the bottom wall, then upwardly against the outer cylindrical wall and out of said core;
a receiver including an inner wall forming a compartment of specific volume about and into which the core can be nested so that the coated outer smooth heat exchange surface of the core is narrowly spaced at a predetermined small distance of from 0.040 inches (1.02 mm) to 0.120 inches (3.05 mm) from the inner wall of the receiver and the core fills a majority of the specific volume of the compartment; and
means for directing blood into and upwardly through an unobstructed narrow space between the coated outer smooth heat exchange surface of the core and the inner walls of the receiver whereby the blood flows unobstructed in a narrow stream over a compatible, smooth, low resistance, easily cleaned and sterilized non-toxic highly efficient relatively small heat exchange surface area of the core requiring much less blood to prime and a small volume of heat exchange medium flow.
2. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 further comprising an inlet coupling and an outlet coupling attached to the top portion of the core for placing said core in communication with a source of heat exchange medium.
3. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 2 further comprising a tube positioned within said core and in communication with the inlet coupling at one end and the bottom of the core at its other end.
4. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 wherein the core is made of aluminum.
5. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 wherein the top portion of the core is a removable lid.
6. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 wherein the receiver is made of a plastic material.
7. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 wherein the inner walls of the receiver are smooth.
8. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 wherein the inner walls of the receiver are reticulated.
1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for use in regulating the temperature of blood flowing in an extracorporeal circuit, such as through a bubble blood oxygenator.
2. The Prior Art
Many types of heart surgery require the use of an extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass circuit while the surgery is being performed. The role of such a circuit is essentially to take over the function of the heart and lungs while the surgical procedure is performed. This type of circuit is used to oxygenate and pump blood, just as the heart and lungs normally oxygenate and pump blood.
The basic components of such extracorporeal bypass circuits are, as would be expected, a pump which forces the blood through the circuit and back into the patient's body and an oxygenator which adds oxygen to the blood while providing for the removal of carbon dioxide. The most commonly used process for oxygenation of blood involves mixing small bubbles of oxygen rich gas with the blood in such a manner that the oxygen can be absorbed by the blood. Although many different types of "bubble oxygenators" have been developed, typically bubble oxygenators consist of an oxygenating section, a defoaming section and an arterial reservoir.
Oxygen and other gases are introduced into the oxygenating section through small tubes or a porous member. Each small tube or porous member creates small bubbles which are dispersed in the blood. As the gases and blood are mixed together, oxygen is absorbed by the blood and carbon dioxide is liberated. In most devices, the majority of the oxygenation takes place in this section. However, in some devices the blood has a short residence time in the oxygenating section; thus, oxygenation continues to occur as the blood passes through the subsequent defoaming section.
As oxygen is bubbled through the blood in a bubble oxygenator, a certain amount of foaming necessarily occurs. This foam, and any entrapped air bubbles, must be removed from the blood before it is reinjected into the patient; otherwise, the entrapped air bubbles can form an ambolus which can do sever damage to the patient. Defoaming is generally accomplished by passing the blood over a material having a large surface area which has been treated with a defoaming agent.
The blood next flows into the arterial reservoir. The arterial reservoir provides an area where the defoamed blood is collected before reinjection into the patient. The reservoir acts as a safety feature in helping avoid accidental pumping of air into the blood lines. Should the blood supply to the oxygenator be accidently stopped, the reservoir must contain sufficient blood to allow the perfusionist to stop the output from the oxygenator before air enters the arterial line.
During heart surgery while blood is flowing through the extracorporeal circuit, including the oxygenator, it becomes critical to have the capability of controlling the temperature of the blood. As would be expected, blood flowing outside the body for a significant period of time will tend to cool to room temperature. This cooling of the blood may or may not be desirable at any particular point in the surgery, however, it is clear that when the surgery is being completed it is desirable to warm the blood to normal body temperature in order to bring the patient back to normal temperature.
In addition, it is now common practice to use hypothermia during heart surgery. Reducing body temperature can significantly reduce the demand for oxygen by various vital organs. Specifically, the literature indicates that a patient's oxygen demand is decreased to about one-half at 30� C., one-third at 25� C., and one-fifth at 20� C. Hypothermia is particularly useful in protecting organs such as the kidneys, heart, brain and liver which have a high demand for oxygen and require a high degree of perfusion. Mild (37�-32� C.), moderate (32�-28� C.), deep (28�-18� C.), and profound (18�-0� C.) hypothermia have all been employed. It has been found that moderate hypothermia is usually sufficient in a routine open-heart case. However, deep and profound hypothermia are sometimes advocated, particularly in cases of surgical repair of congenital defects in infants and small children.
One of the primary concerns in the use of hypothermia is the time which it takes to cool and reheat the blood. The time it takes to change the blood temperature is time added onto the length of the surgical procedure. If this time is minimized there is more time to perform the open-heart procedure and the total time taken to perform the operation is minimized. It is clear that reducing these time periods reduces the general trauma suffered by the patient. As a result, it is important that the heat exchanger be as efficient as possible in changing blood temperature.
It can be seen, therefore, that a means for controlling blood temperature in the extracorporeal circuit becomes critical, particularly when hypothermia is employed. Various types of heat exchanging devices have been used in order to attempt to regulate blood temperature during heart surgery.
Many early heat exchangers were placed in the extracorporeal circuit in addition to the oxygenator, rather then being incorporated within the oxygenator itself. In other words, the heat exchanger was a third major element in the circuit. The resulting circuit was comprised of a pumping mechanism, an oxygenator and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger could take a variety of forms. Typical heat exchangers employed hollow coils or plates through which a heat exchange medium was circulated. The heat exchange medium was typically tap water, readily available in the operating room.
Subsequently, the heat exchanger and the oxygenator were attached within a single structure, typically made of molded plastic. The design of the oxygenator and the heat exchanger remained essentially the same. Blood would first flow through the oxygenator and, when completely oxygenated, would flow into the heat exchanger. However, linking the two elements within a single structure eliminated some problems previously encountered. Various segments of tubing could be eliminated and the oxygenator and heat exchanger were positioned so that the blood could readily travel through both without constant concern about positioning the various parts of the circuit.
Later devices incorporated the heat exchanger and the blood oxygenator into a unitary device. In these devices it was the general practice to have the blood mix with oxygen in the oxygenating section and then travel into a heat exchanger section. Following the heat exchanger section, the blood would flow through the defoaming section and in to the arterial reservoir for reinjection into the patient. The heat exchange function and the oxygenating function were thus combined into a single device. However, the heat exchanger, even though incorporated into the oxygenator, was still of the same general type used before.
Examples of this type of oxygenator-heat exchanger configuration include the Harvey and Shiley oxygenators. The Harvey oxygenator is a disposable, hard-shell, concentric, bubble oxygenator. See, Brumfield, "A Bubble Oxygenator and Heat Exchanger," U.S. Pat. No. 3,768,977 (Issued Oct. 23, 1973). The oxygenator is hung with a mounting bracket which holds the oxygenator at the top and bottom. Venous return and cardiotomy drainage, as well as gas, flows to the bottom of the oxygenator. The oxygen disperser is a sintered plate which produces bubbles of various sizes. The oxygenated blood travels upward through a series of parallel vertical tubes. An integral heat exchanger surrounds the tubes and is in contact with the blood path through the oxygenating as well as defoaming area, and in the arterial reservoir.
The Shiley oxygenator uses the same basic elements but employs a different heat exchanger. See, Lewin, "Blood Oxygenator with Integral Exchanger For Regulating the Temperature of Blood in an Extracorporeal Circuit," U.S. Pat. No. 4,065,264 (Issued Dec. 27, 1977). In the Shiley device the heat exchange medium travels through a coil. The blood reaches the coil, as in the Harvey device, after oxygenation but before defoaming. Positioned on the outside of the Shiley heat exchanger coil is a continuous hollow helical rib. The rib is employed in order to achieve more efficient heat exchange through increasing the residence time of the blood while traveling past the heat exchanger.
Other devices incorporate variations of the Shiley or Harvey concepts. For example, dual coils of the same general type use in the Shiley device have been used. In addition, several different configurations of the Harvey concept have been used including a series of parallel tubes running the length of the oxygenator. However, in order to obtain adequate heat exchange most prior devices employ convoluted and tortuous blood flow paths in order to increase heat exchange by attempting to increase blood residence time and decrease the boundary layer effect. However, none of the prior devices were able to provide adequate heat exchange without unduly increasing the surface area exposed to the blood, which in turn increases damage to the blood including hemolysis.
Pierre M. Galletti in the book Heart-Lung Bypass identified several criteria for an acceptable heat exchanger. The criteria are as follows:
(1) The material used in the heat exchanger should be non-toxic. It is clear that a material which leaches into the blood would be unacceptable. As a result many prior art devices have used stainless steel heat exchangers. While essentially non-toxic, stainless steel is not particularly blood compatible.
(2) The heat exchanger should be either easy to clean or disposable. It can be readily seen that devices using intricate flow paths including complex coil configurations could be extremely difficult to clean.
(3) There must be no internal leakage. If water or other heat exchange medium were allowed to leak into the blood, it is clear that the impact to the patient could be devastating.
(4) The heat exchanger should not significantly increase the blood flow resistance. It will be appreciated that the convoluted flow paths created in prior devices could not help but greatly increase flow resistance.
(5) The heat exchanger should cause a minimum of trauma to the blood. Again, the more involved the flow path and the tubing becomes, the more potential there is for trauma to the blood. In addition, exposing the blood to stainless steel is likely to cause more blood trauma than exposing the blood to more biocompatible surfaces such as various plastics.
(6) The heat exchanger must be efficient. Included within this criteria are the considerations of maximizing heat exchanged while minimizing surface area exposed and minimizing the volume of blood necessary to prime the oxygenator-heat exchanger.
(7) Finally, the heat exchanger must be reasonably inexpensive. No prior device fully accomplished the objects identified by Galletti.
Accordingly, what is needed in the art is a heat exchanger for use in connection with a bubble blood oxygenator which fulfills more closely the Galletti criteria. Particularly, what is needed is an efficient heat exchanger which does not employ a convoluted or tortuous flow path and which only exposes the blood to a biocompatible surface. It would be a further advancement in the art to provide a heat exchanger which is simple to construct and operate and which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture. Particularly, the heat exchanger should be easily incorporated into a standard bubble oxygenator. Such a device is disclosed and claimed herein.
In the presently preferred embodiment the heat exchanger is generally cylindrical in shape. The heat exchanger core is completely enclosed with the exception of two couplings in the top of the device for introducing a heat exchange medium into the heat exchanger core and then transporting the heat exchange medium back out of the core. Heat exchange medium flows into the core and is transported through an internal tube to the bottom of the core and then flows upwardly either heating or cooling, as the case may be, the outer walls of the heat exchanger core. Finally, the heat exchange medium again flows out of the core through an outlet coupling in the top.
While the heat exchanger could be used separately, it is presently anticipated that the heat exchanger will be positioned within a conventional bubble oxygenator. The heat exchanger will be placed within the oxygenator between the oxygenating section and the defoaming section.
The geometry of the heat exchange surface of this invention will expose much less surface area to the blood than the prior art devices, particularly those devices employing coil-type heat exchangers. Heat transfer efficiency of the device is uniquely increased so that the benefits of simplified construction and assembly can be achieved. The heat exchanger core as presently designed will minimize trauma to the blood because the blood will be allowed to flow in a direct path upward along smooth outer walls of the heat exchanger core. The heat exchange surface is not interrupted by irregular surfaces which are expensive to manufacture and which tend to traumatize blood cells. When desired, the heat exchanger core may be inserted into a mating plastic receiver which is configurated to disturb the boundary layer effect in flowing blood and direct the blood into contact with the smooth surface of the heat exchanger core.
The general object of the present invention is to provide significant improvements over the prior art in the areas identified by Galletti.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger for use in connection with a bubble oxygenator which can be easily incorporated and housed within the oxygenator.
A further object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is effective in transferring heat while at the same time exposes only a small amount of surface area to the blood and also requires a low priming volume.
A related object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is capable of quickly cooling or warming blood in order to minimize the time required for surgery.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which minimizes the trauma inflicted on the blood.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is simple to construct and operate and which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the presently preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger core;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger positioned within a bubble oxygenator;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the heat exchanger core as well as the bubble oxygenator illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a cut-away perspective view of one embodiment of a heat exchanger shell.
FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger shell as indicated by line 5--5 in FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a time-temperature graph illustrating the time various heat exchangers take to cool a volume of liquid from 38� C. to approximately 28� C.
The present invention can best be understood by reference to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with the numerals throughout. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention. The heat exchanger core, generally designated 10, is constructed in a generally cylindrical shape (see also FIG. 3). In a presently preferred embodiment the outer walls 12 as well as the base 14 of the heat exchanger core 10 are constructed of a relatively thin layer of aluminum. It is anticipated that the aluminum structure would then be coated with a thin layer of biocompatible material. Any type of biocompatible material could be used including polyurethanes or other similar polymers; however, it is presently anticipated that the structure will be coated with a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene. As a result, the outside surfaces of the heat exchanger core 10 would be readily usable in communication with blood in a bubble oxygenator.
The heat exchanger core 10 may also have a top portion 16. This top portion may be constructed as part of the heat exchanger core 10 or it may comprise a reusable detachable lid. In either case the function of top portion 16 is the same in that it seals the heat exchanger core and acts as a support structure for any desired couplings needed in order to operate the heat exchanger.
In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 1, two heat exchanger couplings are positioned in top portion 16. The purpose of the couplings is to allow a heat exchange medium to be introduced into the device and to be subsequently discharged once it has flowed through the device. Coupling 18 is an inlet coupling and coupling 20 is an outlet coupling. Both couplings can be standard couplings commonly used to attach tubing of the desired diameter.
Positioned within the heat exchanger is tube 22. Tube 22 has an enlarged funnel 24 which communicates with inlet coupling 18 and with the interior of the tube 22. The bottom end 26 of tube 22 is open to the base 14. The function of tube 22 is to transport a heat exchange medium which is introduced through inlet coupling 18 to the bottom of the heat exchanger core 10.
Plug 28 is positioned within heat exchanger core 10 so as to occupy the center portion of the heat exchanger 10 leaving space for the heat exchange medium to flow around plug 28 and against the walls 12 as efficiently as possible. Thus, a smaller volume of heat exchange medium is required to maintain temperature of the surface of walls 12 and base 14.
Typically, a length of tubing carrying water or other heat exchange medium of the desired temperature will be attached to inlet coupling 18. The heat exchange medium then flows into the heat exchanger and down through tube 22. The heat exchange medium then travels out of the base of nozzle tube 22 and beneath plug 28. When the medium reaches the bottom edge of the heat exchanger wall 12, it travels upwardly moving in the space 27 between plug 28 and heat exchanger wall 12. As the medium travels along the heat exchanger wall 12 and the base 14 of the heat exchanger core 10, it proceeds to heat or cool the core 10.
Once the heat exchange medium reaches the top of plug 28 it is collected in the core's upper reservoir 30 and then is discharged through outlet coupling 20. The heat exchange medium may be disposed of or recirculated according to known technology.
The heat exchanger core 10 is a very simple apparatus to construct. It does not employ a complex network of coils or tubes nor does it require extensive structures to be attached to its outer surface as do prior devices. As a result the heat exchanger is simple and easy to manufacturer. The heat exchanger core 10 can also be manufactured at a very low cost and is, therefore, readily disposable. In addition, because of the simple cylindrical structure of the heat exchanger core 10, the device could easily be sterilized if necessary. Thus, the heat exchanger core 10 fully satisfies the requirement that a heat exchanger be easy to clean and sterilize or be disposable.
Because of the simple basic structure of the heat exchanger core 10, the device is safe in operation. There is no complex series of seams or connections which occasionally caused leakage in prior art devices. The only connection internal to the heat exchanger core is at the junction 31 of the wall 12 and the top 16. Junction 31 is bonded fluid-tight and is easily tested for integrity. As a result, the heat exchanger satisfies the requirement that a heat exchanger have structural integrity and not leak.
The heat exchanger core 10 is complemented by a receiver 52 into which the core 10 is inserted. While the core receiver 52 may be a separate container, in the illustrated embodiment the receiver 52 forms part of a bubble oxygenator 50. One suitable type of bubble oxygenator usable with the present invention is disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 541,988, filed Oct. 14, 1983, which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of the heat exchanger core 10 positioned within the bubble oxygenator 50. The heat exchanger core 10 is nested within the receiver 52 such that a compartment is formed by the receiver 52 and the defoaming section 54 of the oxygenator 50 and has as its base a sparger plate 56 which is used to introduce oxygen into the blood.
Blood and oxygen, bubbled through the sparger plate 56, are mixed in the area beneath the base 14 of the heat exchanger core 10. The oxygenated blood then travels upward through the space formed by the walls 12 of the heat exchanger core 10 and the walls 52 of the defoaming section 54 of the oxygenator 50. Space 13 is intentionally limited to a small dimension which is a function of the flow rate of blood across the heat exchanger. In the illustrated embodiment, the space 13 has a dimension between 0.120 inches (3.05 mm) and 0.040 inches (1.02 mm). As the blood travels in space 13 along the walls 12 of the heat exchanger core 10 heat is transferred between the blood and the heat exchanger core 10.
Several characteristics involving the structure and use of the heat exchanger core 10 are unique and are illustrated in FIG. 2. First, it will be readily appreciated that when using the present invention the volume of blood necessary to prime the oxygenator 50 is very significantly reduced. The vast majority of the volume within the compartment formed by the walls of the receiver 52 and the sparger plate 56 is filled by the heat exchanger core 10. This is in contrast to prior art devices such as those employing coils. In those devices the coils occupied much less volume and the difference in volume had to be compensated for by adding additional blood to the system. For example, the volume of blood required to prime a typical oxygenator employing a coil heat exchanger or a tube heat exchanger is approximately 335 cc and 289 cc respectively. This is in contrast to approximately 27 cc required to prime the present invention. As discussed above, it is important to minimize the volume of blood required for priming in order to minimize the problems encountered in obtaining and introducing into a patient transfusion blood.
An additional significant improvement found in this device is the straight and unobstructed blood flow path created by the straight walls 12 of the heat exchanger core 10. In previous oxygenators, particularly those using coiled heat exchangers, the blood flow path was convoluted and often tortuous. Some coil devices made the blood flow path even more tortuous by including ribbing or other irregularities on the outer walls of the heat exchanger coils. While this was done specifically in order to minimize the boundary layer effect by breaking up the flow path, it makes fabrication of the heat exchanger complex and expensive.
FIG. 4 is a cut-away perspective view of another preferred embodiment of a heat exchanger receiver 58 and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the receiver 58 along line 5--5 as shown in FIG. 4. The receiver 58 could be an integral part of the bubble oxygenator 50 or it could be a separate component manufactured from polycarbonate or other suitable moldable material. In this embodiment, the interior of the receiver 58 is reticulated to present a series of integrally molded baffles 60. The baffles 60 may have any one of a variety of configurations and are preferably molded as part of the interior surface of receiver 58. The baffles 60 are illustrated as having a generally helical pattern in order to enable the shell to be easily removed from a mold. In the present device the baffles 60 can be included on the inexpensive plastic shell rather than, as in previous devices, on the expensive metal heat exchanger core. Other types of baffles are of course possible. Such baffles could include any structure which would tend to induce turbulent flow.
The function of baffles 60 is to reduce the tendency for formation of a fluid boundary layer on either the inner wall 64 of the shell 58 or the outer wall 12 of heat exchanger core 10 and to induce turbulent flow.
When baffles 60 are incorporated into the inner walls 64 of the receiver 58, it is found that heat exchange takes place more efficiently. As would be expected, the baffles 60 disrupt the flow of fluid through the device causing turbulence which breaks up the boundary layer of fluid. This facilitates a more complete exchange of heat between the heat exchanger core 10 and the blood or other fluid being transported through the device.
As will be discussed more fully below, even without baffles 60, the heat exchanger is reasonably effective in the transfer of heat and has a high transfer coefficient. The use of baffles 60 merely increases the effectiveness of the device and increases further the heat transfer coefficient.
The present device is very efficient in the exchange of heat, allowing the device to minimize the surface area in contact with the blood. For example, typical tube and coil heat exchangers have approximately 2,378 cm2 and 1,578 cm2 respectively of heat transfer surface area in contact with the blood. The present invention, on the other hand, has only approximately 263 cm2 of surface area in contact with the blood. Yet, heat transferred by the various devices is very comparable. Indeed, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the present device expressed in calories/cm2 minute �C. is several times that of the coil and tube devices. Table 1 summarizes the heat transfer efficiencies of the present invention compared with typical coil and tube devices.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Typical Typical FIG. 2 FIG. 4 Tube Heat Coil Heat Embodiment Embodiment Exchanger Exchanger__________________________________________________________________________ Available Heat Transfer 263 263 2,378 1,758 Surface Area, Blood Side (cm2) Blood side void volume, 27 27 289 335 or priming volume (cm3) Ratio of Surface area 9.6 9.6 8.2 5.2 to Priming volume (cm2 /cm3) Heat exchanger wall 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 thickness (cm) Reynolds Number 978 978 307 434 Time required to 4.22 3.33 3.43 2.35 reduce reservoir temperature from 38� C. to 26� C. (min.) Overall heat transfer 4.62 6.37 0.67 1.66 coefficient (cal/cm2, min. �C.) Heat Transferred - 25,735 32,546 31,789 46.170 (cal/min)__________________________________________________________________________ All calculations are based on the average value of three separate runs fo each heat exchanger. Conditions common to all tests are: 1. Air input into sparger plate 21/2 psig. 2. Coolant flow rate 5.76 1/min @ 9� C. 3. Media flow rate 2.61 1/min @ 38� C. 4. Media reservoir 7000 ml.
From the above Table it can be seen that the present simple and inexpensive heat exchanger is approximately as effective as other complicated and expensive heat exchangers. Indeed the overall heat transfer coefficient of the present device, whether or not it employs baffles, is several times that of typical coil and tube devices.
A further illustration of the effectiveness of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of a time-temperature heat exchange curve. The vertical axis shows temperature in degrees centigrade and the horizontal axis shows time. The conditions under which the illustrated tests run were the same as those described above in Table 1. The devices tested included a typical coil heat exchanger, a typical tube heat exchanger and the present invention with and without baffles. As can be seen, the two embodiments of the present invention approximate the effectiveness of the conventional devices. Furthermore, this is accomplished in a simple inexpensive device which requires less than one-tenth the priming volume required by the other devices and has less than 15% of the available heat transfer surface area of the other devices.
The heat exchanger is also adaptable for use in a wide variety of situations. As is illustrated in FIG. 3, the heat exchanger core 10 can easily slide into a conventional blood oxygenator. Modifications in the size of the heat exchanger may be required for use in particular oxygenators, however, no significant change in design will be required. In addition, the heat exchanger could easily be used for heating and cooling in environments other than blood oxygenators. As a result, the present invention meets the final requirement of an acceptable heat exchanger in that it is flexible and adaptable for use in a variety of situations.
In summary, the present device represent a significant improvement over the prior art in meeting the various criteria of an ideal heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is non-toxic in that all surfaces exposed to the blood are coated with a biocompatible material. The heat exchanger is, because of its shape, easy to clean and sterilize. However, because of the low cost of manufacture it would be expected that the heat exchanger will be disposed of after use. The device is not likely to leak because there are no connections or joints within the blood chamber. The device will not significantly increase the resistance to flow because the flow path is straight and unobstructed. Trauma to the blood will also be minimized because of the use of a biocompatible coating and because of the direct blood flow path. The device is efficient in the transfer of heat while at the same time exposing the blood to a small surface area. The device also requires a priming volume of only about one-tenth of the priming volume required in typical prior devices. Finally, the device is adaptable for use with a wide variety of bubble oxygenators and also for possible use apart from bubble oxygenators.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiment is thus to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All modifications or changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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Kailyn Lowry Reveals When She's Getting Braces!
Kailyn Lowry will go down in the record books for being the person most excited to get braces … ever.
The Teen Mom 2 star tweeted the news of her impending metal mouth on Nov. 9, then posted an update yesterday. Instead of waiting six weeks, it looks like she'll be headed to the orthodontist just after Thanksgiving!
After telling a fan that she has a dentist appointment tomorrow, Kail tweeted, "Lol, yep! Cause this momma is going to the ortho the week after. #braces #metalmouth But thankfully it's AFTER Thanksgiving!"
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After the best possible start to 2015 for Years & Years with the trio being named as the winners of BBC Music Sound Of 2015 poll, things are looking up for Polydor's electronic pop group.
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The Lake District based duo made the jump from being in separate heavy metal and grunge bands to producing a drastically different melodic and ambient electronica that's landed them on Radio 1's In New Music We Trust playlist.
It's fair to say 2014 was an important year for London-based girl group Juce. The Island trio developed their feel-good soul-pop sound and received critical acclaim whilst doing so.
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26 year old man | San Antonio, TX, USA | Seeking women 18-35 within 50 miles
Success is never final, failure is never fatal" - John Wooden
I'm always in a struggle of how to describe myself and what i look for, can't figure out how to sound good and not brag, how to sound like i'm looking for something good but not necessarily out looking for a marriage right away. I'm a post graduate student from UT, i've had a hard time finding quality girls whether it was in school or out of it, so i'm trying something new. I'm an athletic, competitive person trying to start a career and a steady life. I love playing volleyball, baseball, football, just about anything I can find to get me out and about and moving around. I love to fish, mostly bass fishing, i strictly catch and release every time.I do still enjoy going out and having a few drinks with my friends. I'm trying to learn golf but it's just not going too well. I absolutely love to go country dancing, I'm not professional but i do pretty well for myself on the dance floor. I can seem a little "shy" at first, but I'm getting better, and once you get to know me it gets a lot better. It's a bit of a fault but I hope conversation comes easy with the right person. I love my family, they've done a fantastic job of showing me what to do, and what not to do. I wouldn't be anywhere without them. My parents are a model of how to fight through problems and solve them and never giving up on each other, and I hope I've learned from them how to handle a relationship What i'm looking for, I know i ask a lot, but i plan to give a lot in return if i can find her. I want the girl i can bring around my guy friends and she can fit in, I want the girl who will go fishing with me, play sports with me and push me to my limits. Who can take me out of my comfort zone every once and while and make me better. I want for her to be able to go out with her friends and me with my friends seperate on occasion and be able to come home to each other and everything is still fine, of course ideally our friends can all get along and hang out together as well. I definitely don't want to just sit around watching movies all day, not that that doesn't sound good on occasion but i want to maintain my friends and life and just hope that she makes everything i used to do even better
Alumni connections , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Hockey, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
Some other viewpoint
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
I love my comedies, i'll admit to having a somewhat childish humor at times, I love workaholics, step brothers, dumb and dumber, stuff like that.
I love to go out and play volleyball, exercise, but at the same time love to go out country dancing and have fun with my friends. I try to just make a weekend out of anything that is available
I like Dean Koontz novels, they tend to keep me guessing and I love when I can't predict the outcome
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 6'0" (182cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark blonde
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|No preference
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|High school


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Local News
Railroad Crossing Improvements Approved by Marion County BoardThe Marion County Board has approved improvements to two railroad crossings. The board Tuesday night approved bids from Moniger Excavating of Moro to make improvements to the crossings on the CJ Heck Road south of Salem and on Landmark Road near Iuka. Marion County Road and Bridge Committee Chair Dusty Rose says the state will reimburse the county 100-percent of the cost of the work.
Building Committee Chair Mike Reed reported some tuckpointing improvements are now underway at the Marion County Law Enforcement Center. He said the committee has met with both the Sheriff and Highway Engineer to discuss needed improvements to the jail and highway garage in the next few years. Some of that work is expected to be included in next year's budget.
The board approved several appointments. Georgia Miller was reappointed to a five year term on the Housing Authority Board and Dr. Creighton Engle, Tom Turner, Pamela Strothers and Keith Kessler to the Marion County Health Department Board.
Finance Committee Chair Terry Johnston said they are still waiting for the federal arbitrator's decision on a new contract with members of the Fraternal Order of Police at the Marion County Sheriff's Department.
See other LocalNews news:Four To Face Charges Following Drug Raid on Mt. Vernon Home
Electrical Fire Damages Centralia Home
Centralia Man Arrested on Multiple Drug Charges
Downtown Centralia Crash Sends Four to Hospital
Three Hurt in Crash on U.S. 50 East Of Salem


text: They are all sharp and quite contrasty. The 50 and 90 have barrel distortion that I personally find too much coupled with straight lines like buildings. The 180 is a brilliant lens all round although mine needs its small screws tightening now and then (under the f stop ring) to keep it whole!. I'm sure the 150 will be a good lens.


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
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Find a similar product below or contact our experts for a recommendation of great alternatives. Call us at 800-449-9128.Similar Items:
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Sleek appearance and beautiful tone.
The Hohner HM-26 Soprano Piano Melodica is arranged with over 2 chromatic octaves starting with B below middle C. Has 26 piano-type keys for playing single notes and chords. Comfortable strap for left hand. Hohner includes instructions and a deluxe carrying case with the melodica.
Order today and make the Melodica a unique new voice in your repertoire.
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My grandfather had a Melodica when I was little I would play it. Now I have my own A Saprano, I am a keyboardest by trade, and well I figured this was a logical choice. Though it was a bit on the expensive side you really get bang for your buck. This is really worth the price in my opinion
I never knew until about a month ago browsing this site that Hohner still made the Melodica, i have to say for playing an old Hohner harmonica for a few years this was definitly a step up the keys feel nice and responsive how over it did seem to feel akward at times to use the strap underneath over all its a keeper
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- Filed Under
With all the improvements in this fair city I would like to ask a simple question and hope someone looking for a money-maker will respond. My purpose is put in writing because recently someone wanted to know, "Where is our Duke? Where is our Atlanta?" Immediately, I thought of Charleston in our state, but my question now has to do with Greenville.
Why does Greenville not have a real, honest-to-goodness "dinner theater." We have been to the Café-and-Then-Some multiple times, but it is not a dinner theater, in the true sense of the word because you can go and eat and leave and come see the play separately. The only real offering in this area we could ever find was in Lyman at Concoxions, and the groups of us attended their productions many times; sad to say, with the poor economy it was forced to close.
Why doesn't someone put their resources into such a venue here? Some are bench-type seating (ala Dixie Stampede/Lyman), but many are round tables that one eats at and then watches the show.
For the life of me, I can't understand the absence of a dinner theater here; we have wonderful entertainment from movies to plays to festivals to you-name-it, but not one dinner theater. With the new mall on Woodruff Road, the downtown that just keeps getting better, why not invest in a true dinner theater, where patrons pay one price for dinner, intermission/dessert, and a play.
We patronize GLT, Center Stage, Peace Center, etc., and those in lovely mountains, as well as many others, but a dinner theater is desperately needed and would be much appreciated. I know because I've "polled" a lot of places I volunteer for, and so far, over 48 people have said "write them," and I said I would.
Delores Risner


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"Brenda's Little Stitches"
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Officials from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California visited Mississippi State University Monday to discuss possibilities for collaboration between the two research institutions.
MSU Vice President for Research and Economic Development David Shaw said the visit had been in the works for the past two years. He said it was part of MSU's collaboration with U.S. Representative for Mississippi's First District Alan Nunnelee (R-Tupelo) for National Laboratory Day, and so was a fall visit by representatives from Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago.
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- 800.878.7323
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This title in other editions
Harmonyby Walter Piston
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
Years after Walter Piston's death, his students and their students can still take great pride in the enduring vitality of his teaching. By now it is plain that the book is different from what it used to be, but its essential approach and its basic substance remain as they were. The major departure of the fourth edition was the addition of seven new chapters, including four on the complicated subject of harmony after common practice, which had not been discussed in the first three editions. However, then as now, the core of the book remains the exhaustive treatment of common-practice harmony, the subject of most one-year or two-year courses in tonal harmony. In the present edition, the entire text has been carefully revised with a view to clarifying the language and illuminating the essential principles. Wherever possible, the text has been "opened up" to allow the reader to adopt a more leisurely pace through what had been a terse and detailed presentation. The results will also be perceived in the more spacious design of this edition. New exercises have been added to the early chapters as well as some fresh music examples. There is an entirely new chapter on musical texture that serves to clear up many difficult points encountered by the beginning student. Another innovation is the rearrangement of the chapters dealing with harmonic rhythm and the structure of the phrase as well as the inclusion of a short summary of analytical method. This book has long been known as an introductory textbook, but because of its comprehensive range, it also serves as an invaluable reference book. The acquisition of an consummate knowledge of composers' practice--the goal of any study of harmony--is admittedly an endless assignment. , but consolation may be derived from the thought that intellectual and artistic rewards are to be found at all stages along the way.
'This fifth edition of Harmony marks the forty-fifth year of its successful use. The major departure of the fourth edition was the addition of seven new chapters, including four on the complicated subject of harmony after common practice, which had not been discussed in the first three editions.\n
This Workbookhas been designed to accompany Piston's Harmony, Fifth Edition, as revised by Mark DeVoto, and to supplement it were necessary.
This fifth edition of marks the forty-fifth year of its successful use.
The basic organization of this Workbookis straightforward: each of the fifteen units matches a corresponding chapter in the main text. the unit sections include:
WORDS AND IDEAS to define in your own terms. All relevant information may be found in the corresponding chapter of the main text.
EXERCISES, which are, for the most part, drills requiring a sort of mental calisthenics. You are to do these in a concentrated fashion, striving for accuracy and speed.
Analysis, the section designed to help you develop basic skills that are not discussed at great length in the text. In the first few units, a system is developed by which you learn to record data resulting from your analytical efforts.
COMPOSITION ACTIVITIES, consisting of a special set of activities to introduce you to a new world of creativity. You are called upon to utilize the principles covered in each chapter in a personal, highly individualized way.
SELF TESTS, which are brief summaries of a chapter's contents and are useful for spot-checking information. The answers to the Self Tests be found in Appendix 1.
'The core of the book, however, remains the exhaustive treatment of common-practice harmony, which will still be the basis for most one-year or two-year courses in tonal harmony. In the present edition the entire text has been carefully examined, with a view especially to clarifying the language whenever possible. A few topics of relatively lesser importance have been deleted, and a number of duplicative examples have been trimmed.'
About the Author
Walter Piston was Professor of Music at Harvard University. An outstanding composer whose many works have been performed by leading orchestras and chamber ensembles both in the US and abroad, he received the Pulitzer Prize twice for distinguished musical composition.
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As of Sunday, September 29, 2013
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
Below are the top 10 most viewed stories during the week of Sept. 23-29, 2013 on the Gwinnett Daily Post website. Click on the link to see what you may have missed.
» Neighbors voice opposition to proposed development
A group of neighbors against a proposed development of a 130-acre tract in the Lawrenceville area held a press conference on Monday to voice their opposition.
» Missing Lawrenceville man found after several days
The 63-year-old man reported missing after he wandered from a Lawrenceville care home Thursday night has been found, his sister said. Remarkably, he's expected to be OK.
» 11 Gwinnett schools have national merit semifinalists
Eleven Gwinnett schools had more than 50 students selected as national merit semifinalists.
» Victims: Teen fired '15 to 20' shots at Buford apartments
A Buford teen was arrested on five separate felony charges Monday, four days after allegedly firing more than a dozen shots into a group of young men playing basketball.
» Gwinnett commissioners approve controversial rezoning
Gwinnett County commissioners on Tuesday voted unanimously to approve a rezoning for an area of land in Lawrenceville known as "The Range."
» Students allegedly ate baked goods laced with marijuana
Seven Peachtree Ridge High students are facing disciplinary action after they allegedly ingested baked goods laced with marijuana.
» Resident shoots would-be burglar in the face
A Norcross-area homeowner shot a would-be burglar in the face Thursday morning.
» Atlanta teens brought to Gwinnett, forced to shoplift
Gwinnett County police said Kellisha Weems and Jawanna Mobley picked up two young teens they barely knew and promised to buy them clothes before forcing them to shoplift at the Mall of Georgia.
» Balfour indicted on theft, false statement charges
Balfour, once the chairman fo the powerful Rules Committee, was indicted this week by a Fulton County grand jury with 16 counts of making a false certificate, one count of theft by taking and one count of false statement and writing.
» Mall of Georgia releases details of new Cheesecake Factory restaurant
On Friday The Mall of Georgia released an artist rendering of the Cheesecake Factory opening on its property later this year. They also stated the exact location of the eatery.
More like this story
- Top 10 most popular stories from Sept. 2-8 ( September 8, 2013 )
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- WEB STORIES OF THE YEAR: Most-viewed stories in 2013 ( December 31, 2013 )
- Top 10 most popular stories for Sept. 24-30 ( September 30, 2012 )


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|« Back to Article
Spaceport: One small step
A deal with Sierra Nevada Corp. gives reason to hope for Ellington Spaceport.
Copyright 2014: Houston Chronicle | April 11, 2014 | Updated: April 12, 2014 2:04pm
Photo By Smiley N. Pool/StaffMark Sirangelo, corporate vice president and head of Sierra Nevada Corporation's Space Systems shakes hands with Mario Diaz, City of Houston Aviation Director, after signing a document to work together on development of a spaceport at Ellington Airport on Thursday, April 10, 2014, in Houston. ( Smiley N. Pool / Houston Chronicle )
The announcement last year that Houston would invest in upgrading Ellington Airport to a spaceport sent a thrill through the hearts of Space City boosters. It also sent a chill to the pocketbook of anyone familiar with the eight underserved spaceports that already dot our country. Houston's history and workforce make us an ideal location for a suburban spaceport, but there simply isn't the demand for yet another specialized landing strip that cannot handle rocket launches. At its core, Ellington Spaceport is a project of the heart.
Luckily for Houston taxpayers, Sierra Nevada Corp. Vice President of Space Systems Mark Sirangelo shares in that heart, and signed a deal with the Houston Airport System to study what it would take to land at Ellington.
Sierra Nevada is building a small, winged shuttle called the Dream Chaser that it hopes will replace Russia's Soyuz as NASA's transport to the International Space Station. It would launch on top of a rocket, but land like a glider. Given that Vladimir Putin's Russia charges NASA more than $70 million to ferry a single astronaut to low-Earth orbit, an American alternative can't come soon enough.
Still, there is a long way to go before Ellington could serve as an occasional landing site for the next generation of shuttles. The barriers aren't necessarily technical, but more logistical and regulatory. How do you interrupt the plane traffic at nearby Hobby Airport? Is it safe to land a shuttle in the middle of a city? What would all this cost?
Even if Ellington can address those issues, the spaceport's success would also rely on the Dream Chaser being recruited for missions. With funds for the ISS set to run out in 2024, folks should wonder if there will be enough business in low-Earth orbit to go around.
That 2024 date isn't just a concern for Sierra Nevada. Thousands of Houston jobs and billions of dollars are in the ISS orbit, whether at the Johnson Space Center or with private contractors. An ill-timed budget cut could doom that forever. This is an area where Space City isn't just about heart, but the local economy. We can't afford to lose one of Houston's crown jewels.
While the Houston Airport System works to expand Space City into the next generation of spaceflight, Houston's delegation in Congress needs to ensure that we remain Space City at all.


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May 3, 2014
Simple and magnificent, these Stuffed Morels are going to stop every conversation at the dinner table. What a wonderful way to showcase these delicate, seasonal treats.
If you can, find an experienced mushroom hunter and pick some of your own Morels. You may be super lucky, and find them at your local farmer's market. Morels are in season right now, but only for a short time. If you wait too long, you will miss them.
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- Navy Bean & Wild Mushroom "Risotto"
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- Roast Butternut Squash, Chestnut and Wild Mushroom Fusilli
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Mika Miyazato
IMG Academy's Mika Miyazato cards big win at Japan Women's Open
Posted: October 8, 2013
Mika Miyazato wins Japan Women's Open!
The IMG Academy Golf program's Mika Miyazato shot three-over-par 75 on Sunday to win the Japan Women's Open Golf Championship by a single stroke at Sagamihara Golf Club's East Course. Miyazato finished at even-par 288 after starting the final round with a five-...
IMG Academy is a cornerstone of Japan's growing success in sports
Posted: April 5, 2013
IMG Academy is the training home of many Japanese athletes
Football found its roots in Japan in 1934 when Paul Rusch, a teacher and missionary from Kentucky, brought Tokyo college students and resident Englishmen together to play the first game in the country's history. Since then, the game's popularity has grown,...
Three golf program alums and trainees finish in top 10 of Ricoh Women's British Open
Posted: September 17, 2012
Johnny Esfeller
Paula Creamer lines up a putt on the 13th green.The Ricoh Women's British Open wrapped up on Sunday, September 16 at Royal Liverpool at Hoylake. ThreeIMG Academy trainees and alumni finished in the Top 10 of the prestigious annual event. In order, IMG Academy alums...
IMG Academy's Mika Miyazato wins first LPGA tour event
Posted: August 20, 2012
Caroline Early
Jonathan Ferrey/Getty Images IMG Academy's Mika Miyazato won the Safeway Classic for her first win on the LGPA Tour,finishing with a 2-under 70 and beating heropponentsbytwo strokes.Joining her on the green was top-ranked Yani Tseng (73), Inbee Park (70), Brittany...


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visit us at our facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/GardenClubofTeaneck
Click here for the downloadable Deer-Gardening handout
The Garden Club of Teaneck is an established organization whose main purpose is to promote and pursue horticultural interests. The club began in 1932 and continues to have a vibrant membership by welcoming everyone who wants to join join (see our Membership at left).
The club meetings are held either in the Rodda Center* or at the Greenhouse†, on the second Thursday of each month, from September through June. Check the Calendar of Events page for the exact location.
Programs begin at 7:30 PM with either a guest speaker who will share his/her enthusiasm, insights and knowledge on a variety of gardening topics; or a gardening workshop.
Each program is followed by a short business meeting, light refreshments and socializing. Come to a meeting and join fellow gardeners who share your love and interest in this rewarding occupation.
For more information, contact any one of the club officers (for their names, click on Officers at left) via email firstname.lastname@example.com or at our postal address at the bottom of the page. We will gladly tell you more about our club and how you can join our community..
* Richard Rodda Center - South end of Votee Park in Teaneck (250 Colonial Court)
† Garden Club of Teaneck Greenhouse - next to #296 Lindbergh Boulevard
Box 3253, Teaneck, NJ 07666
|George celebrates his 100th birthday.


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Using the floral fabric to stretch our original brand Zootie ( ズーティー )ツイルレギンス. Decorate a West total its specifications put buttons & fake ジップフライステッチ are. Fits hem, no sluggish extra skinny silhouette. Organizers also combined tunic and dress code.
* Here is the Rakuten international shipping
This product cannot be shipped to United States from the store.
Please contact the store for further information.


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Originally published in Interiors & Sources
Designed by Gensler, a wall mural using brushed aluminum digitally printed and applied to DiBond.
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Window graphics are used for a residential space using Silver Etch Film.
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The Society for Experiential Graphic Design (SEGD) New York Chapter held its latest "Small Talk. Big Ideas" event on Thursday, April 17 at the offices of Swanke Hayden Connell Architects. Attendees networked and enjoyed refreshments as Kevin Rourke, National Specifications Manager, presented Arlon's suite of solutions.
The "Small Talk. Big Ideas" event brought together a talented group of design professionals to better understand the wide range of substrates in the market and develop a series of best practices for determining the most appropriate solution for each project.
Those practices included the importance of assessments, sampling and prototyping before beginning installations, the need to clean interior walls thoroughly before applying films and the amount of time needed for paint to properly cure before applying graphics. Rourke said that newly painted interior walls should cure for at least seven days.
Rourke detailed several case studies that used Arlon window etch films, digital printed film and restyling film products that have been applied to automobiles, corporate interiors and retail installations.
"With the large amount of new materials coming down the pike, Arlon's size has allowed us to be nimble and develop better solutions in real-time," said Rourke.
Arlon Graphics is one of the most experienced vinyl film manufacturers in the world. For more than 54 years, it has manufactured products that inspire expression and support the ability to build impactful messages.
Visit our website today to learn about the design flexibility of a Morton building and the endless possibilities of partnering with our designBUILD team.
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When choosing a metal-clad building for your next construction project, consider Morton Buildings, Inc., and their designBUILD team, we'll make your dream a reality.
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Our mission is to help our customers manage their buildings' energy costs, improve reliability, and enhance performance while having a positive impact on the environment.
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BUILDINGS delivers relevant and timely information that equips commercial building owners and facilities management professionals with the knowledge and support they need to solve critical issues; energy management, lowering operating costs, new products for commercial buildings, security, and much more.
BUILDINGS provides facilities management professionals commercial buildings tips and trends trough online webinar events (BuildingsVIP), monthly newsletters, whitepapers and case studies.
In addition to content, BUILDINGS features a comprehensive list of products and services and is your link to the companies that provide these valuable facilities management and commercial buildings resources.
You also have the opportunity to maintain your commercial buildings certifications with BUILDINGS. Continuing Education Units are available with approved content from BOMI.
©Copyright 2014 Stamats Communications, Inc. All rights reserved / BUILDINGS


text: We stayed for two nights at there hotel and had Dinner and Lunch at this beautiful venue. This could qualify as a must stopover place when going towards the adriatic see when coming from Germany or Austria. From the outside it looks like an unambigous Trattoria where the locals sip a glass of wine... read more


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Click to interact.Mouse over in the direction you would like to go.Hover at the center to stop.
Staybridge Suites Philadelphia- Montgomeryville
Extended-stay travelers play by different rules and need a hotel that understands your unique needs. Staybridge Suites Montgomeryville - North Wales is designed just for you. Located off Routes 309 and 202, we are conveniently located to Doylestown, Lansdale, and Horsham and just minutes from Teva Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Siemens, and Johnson & Johnson. Staybridge Suites gives you the amenities that make you feel at home. Enjoy our spacious suites with fully equipped kitchens, room to spread out, space to work and space to relax. There's great shopping, dining and exciting entertainment just minutes from the hotel. Explore destinations such as Skippack Village, Peddler's Village, Pinecrest Country Club and Elmwood Park Zoo. PARX Casino, Valley Forge National Historical Park and Independence Visitors Center are also just a short drive away.
When it's time to get connected we know what you need - free wireless high-speed Internet. When you need to burn some energy the 24-hour Fitness Center, indoor pool and outdoor courtyard will help melt the stress away. For a relaxing night join us for our evening social then relax in our beautiful Den. For a late night snack you can always grab a treat in our Pantry, open 24 hours.
When you come to the Montgomeryville - North Wales area we know what you need. Staybridge Suites Montgomeryville is your best stay - for a week, a month or even a year.
Quick Info
- Check In: 3:00 PM
- Check Out: 11:00 AM
- Minimum Check-In Age: 21
- Late Check Out Available
- Parking: Free
- Print Fact sheet
- Chat Online
Hotel Highlights
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
- Housekeeping Full Service
- Complimentary Breakfast Buffet
- Standard Wireless Internet service is free for all members
- On-Site Fitness Center Available
Guest Reviews
Overall Experience
comfortable stay overall
Bysomewhat local guests
June 30, 2015
Pleasantly surprised with how homey the hotel felt. Have stayed in only a couple of extended stay places and this one was very nice. Looked to be recently renovated - if it wasn't - great job on keeping it looking that way. Room very nice; good breakfast selection
Staybridge Experience
June 26, 2015
My experience at this Staybridge was very nice, comfortable and the staff were very friendly. I will stay here whenever I'm in town.
Beautiful new hotel
June 24, 2015
Comfortable seating area near front desk
very clean
excellent suite with full kitchen
very good breakfast
Great Room, Friendly staff, and fantastic hotel for family with Pets
June 24, 2015
This is the second time in 4 months that I have been to this hotel. I live in NC and come up to visit family and friends in PA and we usually bring our dogs. The hotel accepts pets for a nominal fee. We had to two bedroom suite which was perfect for the 5 adults and 1 dog for this most recent trip. The food during Breakfast and Happy Hour Socials was very good and was well stocked. I did not use the fitness center, pool and hot tub during this trip, but I did in Feb 2015, and the facilities were in great condition both times. The staff was very accommodating - my father had just had surgery and we needed extra pillows and the staff quickly brought us more pillows and towels. For someone who travels extensively for work, the service at this hotel is one of the best hotels I have stayed at.in a while. Great service! Perfect room set up and great breakfast and happy hour!! Enjoy!


text: Lenovo U350 Is Pretty Thin, Pretty Light, and Pretty Cheap John Herrman and 16 othersEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for gizmodoHide Just last week Intel was all "Hey! Thin, light and cheap laptops are the next big thing, TRUST US!" The Lenovo IdeaPad U350, a $650, 13.3-inch ultrathin notebook, is exactly what they were talking about. » 5/25/09 6:30am 5/25/09 6:30am


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We've built a team dedicated to each developer community we serve.
The Objective of our iOS team is to C you Swift-ly find your dream job. Get ready to love Monday mornings.
Worldwide, Android is #1. Our Android team connects developers and startups working to build a better world.


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Cocktail Hour
How to Make a Vesper Martini
A cocktail that's a step up from a martini -- but just as easy to make.Read More »
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- The Big Picture: What's AAP
- A year later, the tweak: Desh to Dilli
- Bus from Burari laden with volunteers and hope
- Rare day out for AAP families
- Riot of support for AAP in communal hot spots
- Hunt on for CM house, will not accept Z-plus security
- No word from high command, Delhi Congress in a paralysis
- Latest News
- Second time at Ramlila Maidan: Hope overrides their doubts
- Kejriwal has no portfolio, will keep an eye on others
- In sea of white caps, BJP troika plans to be 'forceful opposition'
- MP, MLA see Punjab as the next AAP stop
- A year later, the tweak: Desh to Dilli
- Arvind Kejriwal repeats his advice to sting the corrupt, asks police to act against 'goondagardi'
- Proud that one of our volunteers has become Delhi CM: Anna Hazare
- Arvind Kejriwal not to keep any portfolio
- Now an Aam Aadmi Party Cola by beverage-maker inspired by Arvind Kejriwal's party
- New chief minister Arvind Kejriwal holds meetings at Delhi Secretariat
- Cong's Ajay Maken blames Sheila Dikshit for Delhi polls debacle
- Left, right, AAP
Elections 2014: Phase I of polling ends; Assam records 72 pc voting, Tripura 80 pc
An estimated 72 per cent of the 64.4 lakh voters exercised their franchise peacefully in five Lok Sabha constituencies in Assam sealing the electoral fate of 51 contestants, including two union ministers in the first phase.
Election office sources said that the exact percentage would be available at night as thousands of people were still standing in queues when voting ended at 5 pm.
Tezpur recorded 73 per cent voting, Jorhat 75 per cent, Lakhimpur 67, Dibrugarh 70 and Koliabor 72 per cent, the sources said.
Prominent contestants whose fates were sealed in EVMS were union ministers and Congress nominees Paban Singh Ghatowar (Dibrugarh) and Ranee Narah (Lakhimpur), besides former union minister and sitting Congress MP Bijoy Krishna Handique (Jorhat).
Others were Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi's son Gaurav Gogoi (Koliabor), Congress rebel and Independent candidate Moni Kumar Subba and BJP state unit president Sabananda Sonowal (Lakhimpur).
Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi, his wife Dolly Gogoi and their son and Koliabor constituency Congress candidate Gaurav Gogoi cast their votes in Jorhat. New voters in the 18-19 age group from among the first-time 6.5 lakh electorate came out in large numbers to choose their representatives.
An upbeat chief minister expressed confidence of the Congress sweeping the polls in the state winning more than ten of the 14 seats. "There is no Modi magic, but Tarun Gogoi magic in Assam. Earlier, I had said we will win ten seats, but now I am sure the Congress will get more than that, he told reporters after casting his vote claimed,
In the last 2009 Lok Sabha elections, the Congress had won seven of the 14 seats, its alliance partner BPF one, BJP four and AIUDF one. Reports were received about over 50 EVMs malfunctioning, but they were replaced and voting continued uninterrupted.
Four persons, including a woman, demanding to cast their vote early at a voting centre in Sarupathar Silonijan area of Kaliabor constituency, received minor injuries in a fracas with CRPF personnel, police sources said.
The state election office web cast the election process at each of the polling stations. For the first time in the northeast region, all polling booths in the state were declared smoking-free. The next phase of the LS polls in the state would be held on April 12 for three Lok Sabha seats of Karimganj (SC), Silchar and Autonomous District (ST).
Lok Sabha Elections Tripura
Over 80 per cent voters exercised their franchise today for one of the two Lok Sabha seats – Tripura West constituency in the Left Front ruled state as polling ended peacefully.
Election department sources said that the percentage might increase after final computation. Chief Electoral Officer, Ashutosh Jindal told reporters that the polls were incident free …continued »


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Corvallis 104.3 FM • Hood River 91.9 FM • Portland 90.7 FM
Hosted by Abe Proctor and Joe Uris
Oregon lawmakers are considering several bills aimed at sex-trafficking, including tougher sentences and fines, publicizing names of johns, and detention of child prostitutes. This week, Jo Ann and Dave took a look at these bills and at other strategies for stopping sexual exploitation of Oregon youth.
About the hosts…
They're as predictable as the tides. Back in control of the U.S. House and statehouses across the land, the Republicans have returned to their age-old crusade -- smacking down uppity women everywhere. Abe and Joe look at the landslide of new laws and pending legislation that is chipping away at women's equality and reproductive rights.
In the end, though, it all down to the same old patriarchal song -- fear of sexuality and fear of women.
Both It Takes a Village and Community Grooves are off today. You can hear them at 11AM on Friday April 22nd. Instead today we'll hear another installment of the series "Building a Powerful Left" with Eric Mann, Isabel Garcia, Frances Fox Piven, Patricia Torres and Derek Jensen.
In celebration of the birthday of the late farmworker organizer Cesar Chavez we hear an excerpt of a talk about the United Farm Workers in California and the political power of unions, which was given by Chavez in 1968 at City College of New York.
César Estrada Chávez (March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was an American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
This week, Jo Ann and Dave give us updates on what's happening in the Oregon Legislature.
Kevin Mannix promised voters in 1994 that his Ballot Measure 11 establishing minimum mandatory sentences would create certainty in Oregon's criminal justice system. While the measure tripled the state's prison population over 20 years, a new report by the state Criminal Justice Commission finds that Measure 11 not only failed to deliver certainty, it has cost the state billions of dollars while it shifting sentencing power from the hands of judges to those of district attorneys - a shift many see as dangerous.
This week on Voices from the Edge, Jo Ann and Dave talked with Wray Harris, president of Iraq Veterans Against the War (Oregon) about who is paying the real cost of America's wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Iraq Veterans Against the War National Office
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Car Parts Warehouse is an official distributor of Borg Warner Turbo. Borg Warner is global leader in developing, manufacturing, and supplying Turbo technology. The international headquarters for Borg Warner are located in the United States. Borgo Warner Turbo is popular for their turbocharger parts and over more than 5 decades Borgo has be known for their high performance turbochargers.
Borg Warner has contracts with car makers worldwide. Some of the companies employing Borg Warner turbocharger technologies are Audi, Volkswagen, Ford, GM, and Chrysler - just to name a few. The ironic part is, unless you are a car mechanic, chances are you don't know the 2.0 L Turbo in your Audi is a Borg Warner Turbo. Borg Warner uses advance technology in the manufacturing of high performance turbochargers.
Other than OEM Borg Warner Turbo, the company also makes transmission, torque, and thermal car parts. Currently, Borg Warner car parts are divided in two groups - engine and drive train. Borg Warner is also an avid participant in the car racing scene, namely, the Indianapolis 500.
Borg Warner car parts include anything from a Borg Warner Turbo to Borg Warner transfer case. Car Parts Warehouse sells the same Borg Warner Turbo as the dealership at half the dealer's list price. We personally warranty all Borg Warner turbo chargers for 12 months/unlimited miles.
The warranty is the best in the industry because it covers all costs of shipping in case a claim is filed. Meaning, we will pay to ship you a new Borg Warner turbocharger and pay to get the defective Borg Warner turbocharger back. You will never pay a cent in shipping. We ensure replacement of car parts at the prescribed time.
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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 4/25/12
The San Francisco Giants put Aubrey Huff on the 15-day disabled list Wednesday while he received treatment for an anxiety attack. Huff left the team in New York over the weekend after struggling at the plate and in the field. The Giants originally said he had a family emergency. Manager Bruce Bochy said on Wednesday that Huff is getting treatment for anxiety. He is expected to rejoin the team in San Francisco over the weekend. Huff has started four games in left field and six at first base. Huff was moved to second base for the first time in his career on Saturday and failed to cover the base on a potential double play, helping the Mets rally for a 5-4 win.
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Sorry, but nothing matched your search terms. Perhaps try one of these recent stories below.
The Latest
Here's a picture of the rib that forced champ Jose Aldo out of UFC 189
Take a look at this picture of Jose Aldo's rib from a recent exam, and it becomes clearer why the featherweight champion was forced out of UFC 189.
Rashad Evans and Ryan Bader eye fall meeting at UFC 192 in Houston
Two top light heavyweights are aiming for an October meeting at UFC 192.
Yaotzin Meza steps in as late replacement at UFC Fight Night 71 in San Diego
Yaotzin Meza has stepped in as a late replacement for UFC Fight Night 71's featured preliminary-card bout.
McGregor estimates 2,500 Irish headed to UFC 189; UFC says few refunds requested
UFC featherweight title challenger Conor McGregor estimates 2,500 Irish fans are headed to Las Vegas for next week's UFC 189 event.
Women's MMA Report: VanZant returns at UFC 191, Moroz vs. Letourneau set for Saskatoon
Fast-rising strawweight star Paige VanZant steps back into the octagon for her next fight on Sept. 5 at UFC 191 in Las Vegas. Plus, get the latest women's MMA news from around the globe.
Conor McGregor says Jose Aldo should be stripped of belt, wants spot on Dublin card
Sure, he's got one heck of a challenge ahead of him first, but if all goes to plan, Irishman Conor McGregor could be fighting in his home country later this year.
Replay: UFC 189 media call with Mendes, McGregor, Lawler and MacDonald
Listen to a replay of today's UFC 189 media call with the event's four co-headliners.


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Waves 4 Bar Stationery
Modern with a hint of Japanese influence, our waves capture the beautiful movement of the sea. The 4 Bar folded format offers the perfect amount of room to write on the inside.
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These days, code literacy is an essential skill. You'll learn how to think like a programmer, how to build your first website and so much more..
Emerson Taymor
Managing Director, Co-Founder philosophie Inc
What really sets General Assembly apart is the support they offer students beyond the classroom.
Giselle Abinader, Web Developer / Designer, American Express OPEN
Payment plans available
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Front-End Development Manager, Trove
Greg Lavallee is the Front-end Development Manager at Trove - a personalized social news aggregator. Greg is a full stack engineer who started in SQL and kept going all the way through to JavaScript. His professional experience ranges from database forensics to CMS builds for nonprofits to single page web applications. Greg is passionate about knowing the plumbing of the web and sharing it with others. He also runs the D.C. jQuery Meetup.
Payment plans available
Apply now to reserve your spot.
Need payment assistance? Our financing options allow you to focus on your goals instead of the barriers that keep you from reaching them.
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Financing options differ in each market. Contact a local admissions officer for more info.
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We love questions, almost as much as we love providing answers. Here are a few samplings of what we're typically asked, along with our responses:
Q: Why is this course relevant today?
Gaining experience with HTML/CSS and JavaScript is an essential 21st century skill. Most products and companies have a digital component to them, and more professionals work closely with technical teams. Designers and journalists, just to name a few types of professionals, can gain a competitive edge by learning web development skills. Use it to bring your ideas online to the digital space, make edits and updates to your own website, and communicate more effectively with technical stakeholders.
Q: What practical skill sets can I expect to have upon completion of the course?
This course is designed to teach students how to quickly translate their ideas into functional, stylized websites for personal or business purposes. This course enables students to create a site with the user in mind, become more innovative in their current job role, and master the technical vocabulary to communicate ideas to others.
Q: Who will I be sitting next to in this course?
This is a beginner level course, and therefore a wide range of people sign up. In the past we've had:
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Yes. Very light. Just download a browser and text editor.
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Lil Wayne is a fixture at Heat games, or at least the ones that are on a national stage. Now according to a very angry tweet, he was asked to leave by police after he was caught rooting for the visiting Los Angeles Lakers. So I'm @ da Heat game right, rootin 4 da Lakers kuz dats my team & would u believe they got police 2 make me leave?! Wow! F#€k da Heat — Lil Wayne WEEZY F (@LilTunechi) February 10, 2013 This isnt the first time he has had problems at an NBA Arena. During the finals, he was denied VIP access in Oklahoma. I guess he is now off the Heat bandwagon.
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Urbanears renewed another year with Forget-Me-not, Julep, and Citrus
Supposing you've already seen the flat, smooth pallet of colors offered up by Urbanears in the past, you'll be glad to spot a new set of three on the way. This collection of headphones and earbuds now comes in Pumpkin, Tomato, White, Indigo, Black, Coral, Clover, Lilac, Dark Grey, Cobalt, Clover, as well as the new three. You know what each of those colors represents? You're alone in that!


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The UFC never looked so good and so slow. Check out the phantom cam highlights from UFC Fight Night on FOX Sports 1.
Related MMA gear from the UG Store
Recent Comments »
8/31/13 11:21 AM by Ziga
Vote up for blue up.
8/31/13 10:52 AM by CavRyda
8/31/13 10:46 AM by Yoghurt
Also guys just use Proxy tube,it lets you watch videos like this.
8/31/13 10:43 AM by Yoghurt
voted the fuck down
8/31/13 10:27 AM by KneeUpperCut Ios
lol @ neglecting your international fan base..WELL DONE UFC AND FOX!
8/31/13 9:50 AM by Tombmatter
No, UFC/Fox decides where they want to upload it and who they want seeing it.Maybe the nazi clothes incident was before you started to watch MMA then. Google it.
8/31/13 9:37 AM by stonepony
"So why not take the money from Nazi clothes? It has nothing to do with UFC, right?"That also, made zero sense.
8/31/13 9:36 AM by stonepony
Or, your country could honor copyrights for privately owned material. And your country blocks youtube videos for foreigners in countries that don't agree to your copyright laws. See how that works both ways?Call your service providers, or call your elected representatives. Crying about the UFC is pointless and makes no sense.
8/31/13 9:30 AM by Tombmatter
So why not take the money from Nazi clothes? It has nothing to do with UFC, right? Because who they partner with and what those partners do, reflect on UFC. Fox has the means to show this to the whole world and UFC could pressure their partner to do just this, or get a new one.And yes, refs and judges (which UFC also sometimes picks when they are abroad) also reflect on UFC, which is why they are at least seemingly trying to influence that matter.
8/31/13 9:19 AM by stonepony
You realize the UFC has nothing to do with these copyright laws? You're like the people who think the UFC picks their own judges and refs. It's your country going around copyright laws that cause this issue. Just as some content is blocked in America. The issue is between Fox, your country, and Youtube.


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HSBC "lift" by Grey London
Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0
By Matt Williams, campaignlive.co.uk, Thursday, 17 November 2011 08:00AM
The building developer Land Securities has approached a number of agencies about the Victoria Circle development, which will run from Victoria Station to Buckingham Palace.
Details of the pitch process have yet to emerge, but it is thought that the successful agency will be responsible for handling a series of campaigns to promote the development to consumers, businesses and suppliers.
Land Securities received planning permissions for Victoria Circle in October 2009 to help transform the area and provide a new route for the public directly through to Buckingham Palace.
The scheme is linked to Transport for London's refurbishment of Victoria Station, and will be one of the largest regeneration projects ever undertaken in the West End.
More than 200 apartments will be built on the development, as well as around 11,000 square metres of retail space and a number of new cafés and restaurants. New technology will be introduced to help reduce carbon emissions.
This article was first published on campaignlive.co.uk
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Agency: Grey London
Rating: 5.0