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Chenille Kraft Company Eagle Eraser
Chenille Kraft Company Eagle Eraser
Weights & Dimensions
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The Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen kicked-off a year-long "Conversation with the Country" on April 18 when he addressed Columbia University student-veterans and the larger Columbia University community at the World Leaders Forum. Mullen, who serves as the principal military advisor to the President, the Secretary of Defense and the National Security Council, began his visit at a private luncheon for more than 100 Columbia student-veterans and University officials. The luncheon was followed by a forum that highlighted the role of the U.S. military in foreign affairs and the importance of supporting veterans through higher education, career opportunities and support services.
According to John McClelland, GS student and vice-president of the U.S. Military Veterans of Columbia University, Mullen's effort "to connect with communities throughout the country about the challenges [the military and veterans] face to connect with America" is already working.
"The very fact that the top U.S. military officer came up from D.C. to address our concerns and tell us we were doing a fine job is absolutely amazing. The Admiral answered all of our questions thoroughly and honestly, and if he didn't have an answer, he asked for your contact information and promised to get back to you," McClelland said.
In addition to answering questions of student-veterans, Mullen was also interested in hearing about veterans paths to higher education.
"I was very impressed by the Admiral's genuine interest in learning more about each vet's exit from the service and our admissions to Columbia. He was very impressed with our successes and with the opportunities we have had through the School of General Studies," Sean O'Keefe, GS student and president of the U.S. Military Veterans of Columbia University student group, said.
Columbia's commitment to providing educational opportunities to veterans was realized in 1947 with the founding of School of General Studies which was organized in response to GIs returning from World War II. On August 1, 2009, the School renewed this commitment to an already robust community of veterans through its participation in the Yellow Ribbon GI Education Enhancement Program, a matching agreement through the Department of Veterans Affairs that is a provision of the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008. When the School of General Studies' Yellow Ribbon Program award is combined with the benefits of the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act, the entire cost of education is covered for eligible student-veterans; making a Columbia education accessible regardless of socio-economic status. Since the program's adoption, GS' enrollment of veterans has nearly doubled to more than 100.


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
i May 6, 1924. A v 1,493,240.
F. J. BOHN SURGICAL BONE CUTTER AND EXTRACTOR Filed Feb. l5, 1923 Patented May 6, 1924.
UNITED STATES .PATE-Nr lorrifcu.
vr:FRANK J. BOI-IN, 0F BALTIMORE, ,MARYLAND SURGICAL BONE CUTTER AND EXTRAGTOR.
AApplication filed February 15, 1923. Serial No. 619,075.
To all lwhom z5 may concern.'
Be it known thatIVFnANx JLBoHN, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of Baltimore, in the county of BaltimoreA and State of' Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surgical Bone Critters and Extractors, of whichl provide an instrument of this general char-` acter in which the cooperating cutting members-may be readily passed into small passages, as for instance thenose, and manipulated to sever a bone, cartilage or other growth it may be desired to remove, the cutting members giving a shearing cut longitudinally and laterally of the instrument and providing for extracting the severedv portion with the withdrawal of the instrument.
A. further object of my invention is yto provide a cutting implement or surgical instrument which is easily operated and ofthe required strength so that the cutting members or cutting edges thereof will give a clean cut vwhen severing bone or other tissues. v
My invention also contemplates a construction of the instrument whereby the several parts thereof may be readily and conveniently separated for the purpose of sterilization.
Other objects and advantagesA of my invention will hereinafter appear, and what' I claim as ,new kand )desire to protect by Letters-Patent ismore specifically set forth in the appendedclaims.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a surgical in- A strument constructed in accordance with my :present invention.
Fig. 2 is av transverse sectional view `on the line 2 2 of Figgl.
Fig. -3 is a sectional of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the instrument.
Fig. 5 is an enlargedy view of a modifica-k tion, showing thevfpreferred manner of conview on the line S--B structing the barrel carrying one ofthe cutting members. i L
Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail View of) the vrod Working in the barrel and ,carryingy the other cutting member. 4
Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views'showing the cutting members of the parts shown, in Figs. 5 and 6.
Fig. 9 is a -rear view of the cutting imple-'i'v ment, and
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the rear end of the implement.
Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures lof the drawings.
In carrying out my invention I provide a body portion 11 bored longitudinallyy at its center to receive a rotatable barrel, here`` inafter described, and formed near 'its rear end at opposite sides with lateral extensions recessed horizontally to provide pairs of ears 12 12, said ears being preferably locatedi'mmediately below the planeof the longitudip nal center of said body vportion to give anr unobstructed view along the upper part of vthe instrument. Between the ears and extending rearwardly therefrom "are, pivoted handles 13 y13, being curved downwardly preferablyat the angle shown in the ydrawings, said handles vbeing reduced in `thickness at their inner ends, as at 13a, for pivotal connection with the ears, and arev movable towards each other for operation of the parts of the instrument which carrythe 'cutting members.
'longitudinal bore -of the body portion, lit-` ting closely therein and extending a `suitable distance from the forward end thereof to f lgive the required length for convenientopsov The handles may be held vnormally separated kby springs 26 26 seated ico eration of the implement, `one of the cutting members, as 16,A being located at' the fouter end of the'barrel. place against longitudinal movementy in the body portion by shoulder 17v `and collar 18 at front and rear ends respectively of said The barrel is held vin body portion, the collar being .sweated on or otherwisev attached and .provided with. :an
integral member, as ear 18a, for connecting thereto the means, such as hereinafter described, by which the aforesaid barrel is turned upon the manipulation of one of the handles.
Extending longitudinally through ythe barrel 15 and independently rotatable there in is a rod or stem 19 having at its outer end a cutting member 20 operable within the cutting member 16 to cooperate therewith, for which purpose this member 20 has a cutting edge 2Oa opposing the cutting edge 16a and having a sliding motion thereunder. The rod extends slightly beyond the rear `end of the barrel to receive a cellar 21 with an integral member or ear 21EL for connecting thereto the means for turning said rod yupon the manipulation Yof the other handle than that operating the barrel, the collar being keyed on the rod by fitting the opposite flattened sides of the reduced end 19 of the latter and is held in place thereon. by
a nut 22. For convenience in removing the nut and collar to permit the rod to be withdrawn 'from the barrel by drawing it out of the forward end thereof the nut is in the form of a knurled button and is more securely locked on the rod by a pin threadr ed in registering key slots or groei/'es in .the meeting surfaces of the button and rod. As will be noted by reference to the drawings the cuttingmenibers 16 and 20 at the outer -end of the barrel and rod respectively are semi-cylindrical in cross-section, one, as 20,
, being of slightly less diameter than the other, 16,v to work closely therein, and in their normal position the cooperating' cutting edges thereof diverge forwardly, after thek manner of the blades of a pair of scissors to give a shearing cut when said rotatable members are operated, and the forward ends of both members may be curved inwardly to a more or less extent te provide a transverse cut at the end of the stroke; for instance the ends may becurved inward only slightly, as shown in Figs. 1 and l, or to a greaterV extent as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Furthermore any vdesired kshape may be given to the main cutting edges instead of having them straight as shown in the ings,`
For turning the barrel 15 and rod 19 in opposite directions, for the cutting operation, by the-manipulation of the handles 13 v13 one of said handles is connected to the ear 18a projecting from the barrel or collar thereof by a link 24, and the other handle is likewise vconnected y a link, 2', to the ear 21a projecting from the `collar on the rod, saidv links being pivoted to said handles as well as to the ears on said barrel and rod and yare cut away at their upper as shown so that the collars willnot interfere with their swinging movement", being received inthe recesses when the handles are closed. In order that one handle only may are gripped lightly to leave them separated the cuttino' edges of the semi-circular members 16 and l20 at the outer end of barrel and rod are likewise separated ready for cutting, and for making an operation, for instance in the nasal passage, the outer end of the implement is inserted therein to locate the part of the bone or other growth to be removed between said cutting edges, and the bone may be now severed by pressing connecting` links 24, and 25 to rotate the barrel and rod in opposite directions corre spondingly rotating the cutting` members 16 and 2O to make the cut. riflie part of the bone which is removed drops into the semi- .the handles towards each other causing the circular cutting members and being` en- -i closed therein will be removed with the implement by retaining the grip on the handles tov maintain said members closed. 1n effecting the operation the surgeon has clear unobstructedV viewv into the nasalv passage -along the barrel, and
the body portion of the implen'ient being` below the center of the rear portion of the barrel will not interfere with the view. It may be here mentioned that the vparticular construction of the implement provides not only for cutting through hard bone as well as softer growths but also effects a clean cut, an important consideration in surgical operations.
The cutting edges may be any of a variety ofshapes, as hereinbefore stated, according to thenature of the operation to be performed, and consequently it will become customary for the surgeon to keep several implements at hand each having a different size cutting head and cutting edges of a particular shape. However, instead of several complete implements to provide for different operations it may be found more practicable and economical to only provide several sets of barrels and rods for substitution in a single body portion carrying the operating handles, inasmuch as the barrel and rod are removable from said body portion and collars 18 and 21 by simply removing the pin 28 and nut 22; but in this instance the collar 18.would have to be removably attached to the inner end ofthe barrel 15 (accomplished in any well known manner) instead of beingsweated on as hereinbefore mentioned. This construction for separating the barrel and rod'from each other and from the'body portion will also' provide-.for more readily and thoroughly cleaning the several parts and sterilizing the sa-me. 0n the other hand it may be found desirable -to connect the barrel Ito the body portion permanently with a closejoint .at the ends of said body portion between it and the collars 17 and 18.
In Fig. `5 I have shown a modification which consists in making the barrel composite, that is of two metals, the inner portion or body 30 being of vMonel metal with thev forward end portion thereof covered by a shell or sleeve 29 of vhardened steel to provide a tempered steel cutting mem-ber 16 for said barrel, the body portion terminating at the inner end ofthe cutting member. The sleeve or steel shell may be extended inward any suitable distance, but as shown is extended suliiciently to provide the shoulder 17 which fits against the outer end of the body portion of the implement as hereinbefore described. Furthermore, this body portion of the barrel may have the collar 18b carrying the pivot-ear 18c formed integrally therewith, as indicated in said Fig. 5, said collar and aforementioned shoulder on the shell corresponding with collar 18 and shoulder 17 in Fig.' 4, for receiving the body portion of the implement between them. Vith this construction of barrel it is connected to the body portion of the implement by iirst inserting the body portion 30 of the barrel into the body portion 11 of the implement to bring kthe collar 18b against' said body portion 11 and then the sleeve or shell is slipped on to the body portion 30 until the shoulder 17 fits against the forward end of body portion 11, after which the lparts may be sweated together. It may be desirable to taper the body portion 30 towards its outer end and correspondingly taper the interior of the shell. By forming the barrel in this manner the bore through the same to receive the rod 19 will not rust and therefore can be kept clean and more sanitary than when the barrel is made of solid steel as indicated in Fig. 11.
As the rod 19 is assembled within the barrel 15 by sliding it into the same from the forward end thereof it is necessary to provide said rod with a longitudinal groove 19b at one side from front to near the rear if the outer end of the cutting member on the companion barrel is turned in, as at 291 (Figs. 7 and Si at the outer edge of the cutting edge 29a, whereby in assembling the parts said inturned end 29h will take into the groove 19b and follow along the same as the rod is pushed into place.
; structionmaybechanged as to the details Before stating the-ciaimsupon which I lbase my .claims-for patent'protection attention may be drawn to the fact that the gen- V)eral construction ofztheimp'lement may be modified.toy atmore orless extent, 'for in- 70 stance by leaving off either: the spring lseparating the handles or the .finger ring which assists in.l gripping said handles, 'orx leaving off both the spring andgrinfo" andthe con- ,.75 or individual parts of the ,implementrbeyond the changes herein shown u and :idescribed, -i-n so far `as the appended l. claims v maycontemplate such chan-ges.
.I Claim: .y a380 1. A 4surgical instrument comprising a bodyr port-iony form-ing a supporting member, a barrel rotatably supported by said'body portion. and having an edged cuting member at-its outerl end, a rod supported for vfinde-*85 pendent rotation with respect tol the barrel and hav-ing an .edged cutting-'member cooperating with the cutting member on the vconnected to the barrel and rod foryturning the same,-and meansffor locking one of the rotatable parts to the body portion.
3. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion formi-ng a supporting member, av barrel rotatably supported by said body port-ion' and having a se1ni-cylindrical memberat its outer end with astraight cutting edge extending at anangle to the axis of the barrel, afrod rotatable with-respect toR the barrel and having a semi-cylindrical cutting member with `an edge cooperating ywith the cutting edge of the member .on the barrely to provide a shearing cut, vand means carried by the body portion and connected .toliu lthe rotatable .partsl for turning the same.
t.. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion form-ing ag supporting member, a barrel rotatably lsupported by said vbody portion and :having a cutting member with a straight longitudinal cutting edge extended `inwardat :its outer end, a rod rotatable within :the barrel andhaving a cutting member rotatable within theaforesaid cutting ymember. with a straight cutting edge and inward extension cooperating with the corresponding cutting edges of the member carried by the barrel, and means carried by the body portion and connected to the rotatable parts for turning the same.
.combining to provide a closed receptacle receiving the part severed by the cutting' edges, and means for turning'the barrel and rod one upon the other. y
6. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion forming a supportingmember, a barrel supported by said body portion and having a semi-cylindrical member at its outer end With a cutting edge at one side ext-ended inwardly at the outer end of said member, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having a groove at one side for the passage of the inturned end of the cutting edge on the barrel in assembling' the parts, and a semi-cylindrical member on the rod rotatable Within the corresponding member on the barrel and having an edge cooperating With the Aaforesaid cutting edges; together with means for turning the rod within the barrel.
7. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other, a barrel supported by said body portion and having au edged cuttingl member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member of the barrel, a pivot-ear projecting from 'the rod, and a link pivoted to one of the handles and to said pivot-ear for turning the rod.
8. A surgical .instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other With a spring for separating the same, a 'barrel rotatable Within the body portion and having an ear projecting therefrom, said barrel alsok provided with an edged cutting member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating With the aforesaid `cutting member of the barrel, a. pivot-ear projecting from the rod, a link pivoted tol one of the handles and to the pivot-ear on the barrel, and a link pivoted to the bther handle and to the pivot-ear on the rod, for operating the barrel and rod, respectively, by manipulation of the handles.
9. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other, a barrel rotatable Within the body portion and having an ear projectingtherefrom and an f Vcutting member at its outer end cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member of the barrel, links pivoted to the handles and to the pivot-ears, respectively, for operating the barrel and rod in opposite directions by manipulation of said handles, and means for locking one of the handles against movement.
l0. A. surgical instrument comprising a body portion having handles pivoted thereto and projecting rearwardly therefrom, a composite barrel supported by the body portion and comprising a body portion of Monel metal and an outer sleeve of steel, the latter having an edged cutting member formed at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the composite barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating With the aforesaid cutting member, and means connected to one of the handles 'and to the rod for turning the latter.
ll. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, having handles pivoted thereto at opposite sides thereof to extend rearwardly for movement towards and from each other, a barrel rotatable within the body portion and having an edged cutting member at its outer end, a collar fixed on the rear end of the barrel at the rear end of said body portion and having a pivot-ear, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member at its outer end cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member on the barrel, a collar With a pivot-ear fixed on the rear end of the rod, and a nut threaded on the rod to hold said collar in lfixed position, together with a link pivoted to one ofthe handles and to the pivot-ear carried by the barrel, and a link pivoted to the other handle and to the pivot ear carried by the rod, for turning the barrel and rod in opposite directions upon manipulation of the handles.
' 12. A surgical instrument comprising a bodyiportion and barrel the latter having a cutting member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having a cutting member cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member, handles pivoted to the body portion and connected to the barrel and rod for turning the same, and handles having pockets at the loWer ends of the same,.and a spring for separating the handles having terminals seated Within the pockets.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
30 vegetarian capsules, Item# 00718
|Members (Not a Member?)
was $49.00
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was $36.75
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Life Extension has determined that optimal fibrinogen levels should range between 295-369 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood. Fibrinogen Resist™ provides targeted nutritional support for those seeking to maintain blood fibrinogen levels in healthy ranges. This formula offers a unique combination of enzymes and antioxidants that support cardiovascular health.
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text:
1804 $2 1/2 14 Star Reverse AU58 NGC....
2009 January Orlando, FL FUN Auction #1121
|Sold for:
|Not Sold
|Auction Ended On:
|Jan 8, 2009
|Item Activity:
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304 page views
Orange County Convention Center
Flashy 1804 14 Star Reverse Quarter Eagle1804 $2 1/2 14 Star Reverse AU58 NGC. Breen-6119, BD-2, R.4. This coin is easily recognized not only by the 14 stars on the reverse, but also because it is the only Robert Scot-designed quarter eagle "with an obvious cross pattern of stars," as John Dannreuther and Harry Bass, Jr. (2006) put it. The authors elaborate: "This reverse die was believed by Breen to be a leftover die from around 1798, as the pattern of stars around the eagle's head is in what is called the cross pattern. Virtually all of the later dies have an arc pattern. Whenever this reverse die was made, it was still in good shape and was used."
AU58, Breen-6119, BD-2
AU58, Breen-6119, BD-2
The partially prooflike fields of this near-Mint State example highlight the mildly frosty motifs at certain angles. Excellent definition is noted on the design features. A few minor circulation marks are visible on the obverse, including an unobtrusive hair-thin mark on Liberty. Adjustment marks are seen on the lower reverse. This piece yields considerable "flash."(Registry values: P6) (NGC ID# 25F8, PCGS# 7652)
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A method for a variable direction of view endoscope used in combination with an image guided surgical system to provide new diagnostic and surgical capabilities. The method provides the following capabilities: greatly improved endoscopic orientation capabilities, global monitoring of endoscopic viewing direction, and greatly improved surgical approach and procedure planning.
1. A method for improving a diagnostic or surgical procedure involving a variable direction of view endoscope with a variable line of sight comprising:
acquiring volumetric scan data of a subsurface structure;
positioning said endoscope relative to said subsurface structure;
acquiring internal endoscope configuration data;
establishing the position of said endoscope relative to said subsurface structure; and
based on said volumetric scan data, said endoscope position data, and said internal endoscope configuration data, displaying a graphical model of said subsurface structure reconstructed from said volumetric scan data, a graphical representation of said endoscope relative to said subsurface structure, and a graphical representation of said endoscopic line of sight relative to said subsurface structure and said endoscope;
selecting a target point relative to said volumetric scan data;
instructing said endoscope to automatically direct its line of sight towards said target point: and
updating the display of the relative positions of said endoscope and endoscopic line of sight relative to said graphical model of said subsurface structure as the endoscope automatically directs its line of sight towards said target point.
2. The method of
displaying a representation of the rotational orientation of the endoscopic view.
3. The method of
correlating at least one endoscopic view with the corresponding region of said volumetric scan data by feature matching and identification; and
computing the relative position of said endoscope and said subsurface structure using said internal endoscope configuration data for each said endoscopic view and the location of each said corresponding region obtained through said feature matching, and identification.
4. The method of
selecting a path relative to said volumetric scan data; and
instructing said endoscope to direct its line of sight to follow said path.
5. The method of
6. The method of
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The present invention relates to endoscopic surgical navigation by the combination of variable direction of view endoscopy and image guided surgery techniques, especially as it relates to neurosurgery.
Image guided surgical navigation is the process of planning minimally invasive surgical approaches and guiding surgical tools towards targets inside a patient's body with the help of anatomical imaging information obtained with techniques such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and various radiographic techniques. Such anatomical imaging information is useful because during a minimally invasive procedure, the surgical tools and the subcutaneous anatomy are not directly visible to the surgeon. With early image guided surgical techniques, the surgeon had to rely on her ability to accurately correlate two-dimensional slice-plane data with the three dimensionality of the patient in order to safely guide tools in the surgical field. The main drawbacks with this method were that it required abstract visualization by the surgeon in an attempt to develop an accurate mental picture of the interior anatomy, and that it did not provide feedback to the surgeon about the position of the surgical instruments during a procedure. These problems were addressed with the advent of frameless stereotactic systems, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,623 to Guthrie (1993), U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,227 to Schneider (1996), U.S. Pat. No. 5,617,857 to Chader (1997), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,395 to Schulz which could locate and display the real time global position of a surgical instrument relative to reconstructed computer graphical models of diagnostic imaging data obtained through newer techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ultrasound scans, and other techniques. The methods of frameless stereotaxy were further improved by methods which could provide real time virtual anatomical views from the viewpoint of the surgical instrument as it was positioned inside the patient, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,167,296 (2000) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,417 (2002) to Shahidi.
The backbone of minimally invasive surgical procedures is the endoscope, which affords surgeons an actual view of the internal anatomy. The combination of endoscopy and image guided surgery is interesting because it brings together the interior view of the endoscope and the exterior perspective of the image guided surgical system, much like local visual information such as landmarks or street signs are correlated with a map or a global positioning system to accurately determine position in a landscape. This combination is suggested by Shahidi, who teaches correlating and overlaying real endoscopic images with virtual images of the same view reconstructed from global imaging data, affording advantages such as graphical image enhancement. Shahidi exclusively deals with images generated from the viewpoint of an endoscope or surgical instrument looking along its longitudinal axis, tying the disclosure to fixed-axis instruments. Disclosure U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,417 specifically teaches the use of virtual perspective images of regions outside the field of view of fixed-angle endoscope as substitutes for obtaining live endoscopic views of such regions. Variable direction of view endoscopes can provide real images of such areas without the need for much shaft movement or reinsertion of the endoscope from an alternate direction. Variable direction of view endoscopes, which can be either rigid or flexible, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,880,148 to Kanehira (1975), U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,577 to Forkner (1987), U.S. Pat. No. 6,371,909 to Hoeg (2002), WIPO publication WO 01/22865A1 to Ramsbottom (2001), DE 29907430 to Schich (1999), U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,325 to Bazell et al. (1971), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,484 to Thompson (1999) typically have a mechanism at the tip allowing the user to change the viewing direction without moving the endoscope shaft. Electronic endoscopes, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,634 to Igarashi (1998) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,306 to Kuban, et al. (1994), with extreme wide angle lenses that allow the user to selectively look at portions of the optical field also belong to the class of variable direction of view endoscopes.
The value of using image guidance system in conjunction with variable direction of view endoscopy is potentially much greater than for standard fixed-angle endoscopy. Firstly, such a combination would allow real and virtual image correlation over a much greater viewing range, which would mean improved approach planning, improved guidance capabilities, and improved procedures overall. Secondly, it would provide a significant betterment of viewing navigation with variable direction of view endoscopes. A problem introduced by variable direction of view endoscopes is that it is difficult for the surgeon to estimate the changing endoscopic line of sight, which has a variable relationship to the shaft axis, because the tip of the instrument is concealed during use. Getting an external estimate of where the endoscope is "looking" during a procedure is important as the surgeon tries to integrate preexisting knowledge of the anatomy with the viewing process. Even with indicator knobs and dials (as in United States patent application 20020099263), or markers along the imaging axis (U.S. Pat. No. 6,500,115 to Krattiger et al.) it can be difficult to estimate which part of the anatomy is being seen through the endoscope because the user does not know the location of endoscope tip, which is the point of origin for the variable view vector. Fixed-angle endoscopes do not suffer from this problem to the same degree because the viewing direction has a fixed relationship to the endoscope shaft and can often be mentally extrapolated by the surgeon during a procedure.
The solution to this problem is to use an image guided system to provide the surgeon with a global perspective of the endoscope's viewing direction. In order to achieve this, it is not sufficient to simply monitor the position of the shaft of the endoscope as described in the prior art and done in current practice. The endoscopic viewing direction has to monitored as well. One way to do this, is to equip the view changing mechanism with an emitter/transponder which can be sensed through the patient's skin by external sensors. A better way to monitor the viewing direction is to sense its orientation relative to the endoscope shaft which position can be found by current image guided systems. This requires a variable direction endoscope instrumented with means to monitor its internal configuration. By combining the instrument's internal configuration data with its global position data as determined by the image guided surgical system, its viewing direction can then be determined. The variable direction of view endoscopes disclosed in the prior art listed above, are not equipped with means of monitoring their internal configuration. Apparently the only system currently capable of such internal configuration monitoring is the system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,663,559 by Hale et al. which discloses a novel system and method for precision control of variable direction of view endoscopes, making it ideal for integration with an image guided surgical system.
With proper integration, the extended viewing capabilities of an appropriately instrumented variable direction of view endoscope such as the one disclosed by Hale, combined with the features of an image guided surgical system could simplify and improve surgical planning and procedure. Global view vector monitoring would solve many of the endoscopic orientation problems surgeons face during variable direction of view endoscopy. Further, such an omnidirectional viewing navigation system could greatly expand the graphical image enhancement techniques disclosed by Shahidi.
From the discussion above, it should become apparent that there is a need for a method which provides the following capabilities: improved endoscopic orientation capabilities, global monitoring of endoscopic position and viewing direction, and improved surgical approach and procedure planning.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for combining variable direction of view endoscopy system with image guided techniques yielding significantly improved viewing capabilities and novel surgical planning features. A method for improving a diagnostic or surgical procedure involving a variable direction of view endoscope with a variable line of sight comprising: acquiring volumetric scan data of a subsurface structure; positioning said endoscope relative to said subsurface structure; establishing the position of said endoscope relative to said subsurface structure; acquiring internal endoscope configuration data; displaying representations of said subsurface structure and said endoscopic line of sight in their correct relative spatial relationship based on said volumetric scan data, said endoscope position data, and said internal endoscope configuration data.
The following detailed description illustrates the invention by way of example, not by way of limitation of the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what we presently believe is the best mode of carrying out the invention.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numbers represent similar or identical structures throughout,
The relative positions of the endoscope, its viewing direction, the anatomy, and additional relevant information are presented to the user as shown in
One of the important features of the present embodiment is its surgical approach planning capability. Because a variable direction of view endoscope can change its line of sight once it is positioned in a cavity, its entry angle can be chosen from a large range. This makes it easier to avoid critical or delicate anatomy when positioning the endoscope.
Another valuable diagnostic and surgical planning feature is displaying the subset of points of a scan data set corresponding to the parts of the anatomy which an endoscope is capable of seeing from a given position. This is illustrated in the 2-dimensional example of
The integrated omnidirectional endoscopic image guided stereotactic system can also provide the endoscope itself with safe entry and retraction procedures. One of the biggest advantages of an omnidirectional endoscope is its ability to look forward during insertion, and then change its line of sight once the tip is inside the surgical cavity. Fixed viewing scopes with an off-angle view can be dangerous because they are not "looking" in the direction they are being plunged. This can be likened to driving a car without watching the road. If the omnidirectional endoscope is plunged manually, it can be programmed to do intermediate reconnaissance scans on its way into the cavity. For example, at certain preset depths determined from stereotactic information, the plunging procedure would temporarily stop and allow the endoscope to scan or look in prescribed directions to verify its location and also look for any obstacles in its path. If the endoscope is fully automated, it plunges itself a certain distance before stopping and stepping the surgeon through a predetermined scan. If the scan is satisfactory, the surgeon instructs the endoscope to return to its forward-looking configuration and plunge another incremental distance, and so on. A similar procedure could be performed as the endoscope is retracted.
It is possible to establish the global position of an endoscope with respect to a set of volumetric scan data without the use of external sensors, such as the cameras 64 (
Accordingly, the present invention provides new endoscopic and surgical orientation capabilities, global monitoring of the endoscopic position and viewing direction, and improved surgical approach and procedure planning.
The present invention has been described above in terms of a presently preferred embodiment so that an understanding of the present invention can be conveyed. However, there are many configurations for a variable direction-of-view endoscope and method for viewing not specifically described herein but with which the present invention is applicable. Many structural and material variations are possible, as are variations in application. For example, while the examples were given with respect to an endoscope for use in surgical procedures, the present invention would be equally applicable with respect to a borescope for use within various mechanical structures, or for other types of variable direction probes which use wave lengths other than visible light. The scope of the present invention should therefore not be limited by the embodiments illustrated, but rather it should be understood that the present invention has wide applicability with respect to viewing or sensing instruments and procedures generally. All modifications, variations, or equivalent elements and implementations that are within the scope of the appended claims should therefore be considered within the scope of the invention.
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text:
CFCamp 2015 ColdBox/TestBox BootCamp
- Science & Technology
- Terminalstrasse Mitte 18, Munich, 85356, DE
ColdBox BootCamp At CFObjective 2013 (Minneapolis)
Ortus Solutions, Corp
Monday, May 13, 2013 at 9:00 AM - Wednesday, May 15, 2013 at 6:00 PM (CDT)
We will be holding an amazing ColdBox BootCamp before this year's CF.Objective 2013 conference from May 13th to the 15th. The schedule of courses we will be offering are the following:
The location of the training location is just 5 minutes away from the Conference Venue:
CBOX 100 - Intro To ColdBox
Intro to ColdBox is an intense 1 or 2 day training course that will get you started with ColdBox Application Development. This course focuses on the main aspects of ColdBox Development and it delivers a one-two punch to get you started. You will get hands on experience and an in-depth overview of the main development aspects of the ColdBox Platform as it is applied to MVC web development.
Seminar Documents:
CBOX 101 - Core ColdBox
The Core ColdBox course not only focuses on explaining what ColdBox is and its bounty of features, but also on fundamental web application architectural concepts. It is important to know how to use certain parts of the platform, but it is even more important to know when to use them. This course will will enhance your application toolbox and architectural skills.
Seminar Documents:
CBOX-204: Testing, Mocking, Stubbing, Oh My!
CBOX-204 is one of our advanced courses that focus on testing principles, TDD (Test Driven Development), mocking and ColdBox application testing. In this 1-day course you will be exposed to testing theory, types of tests, working with MXUnit, application testing, tools of the trade and finally learn about Mocking and Stub objects. You will have both theory and hands on workshops that will sharpen your skills and challenge you.
This course will enhance your application toolbox and development skills.
Seminar Documents:
What are my transport/parking options getting to the event?
The venue has a local shuttle and plenty of parking space available as well. We are extremely close to the MSP airport and shuttles can be provided.
What can/can't I bring to the event?
You will need to bring your own laptop ( desktop is up to you :) ) ready with wither Adobe ColdFusion or Railo as your CFML engine. Please make sure that you have a working CF engine and Web Server in your machine. You will also require a local database for the hands on portions of the training. You will also need to bring some vitamins and plenty of energy, you will need it!
Where can I contact the organizer with any questions?
You can contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com for any questions regarding this training.
Is my registration/ticket transferrable?
Yes, but you will need to let us know with at least 2 weeks in advance.
Can I update my registration information?
Yes, anytime you like.
Do I have to bring my printed ticket to the event?
No, but if you do, you might get some goodies!
What is the refund policy?
We will refund your entry fee with an administration fee of $200 if we have not ordered any materials for you. If you cancel after we have purchased materials for you the cancellation fee goes up to $500 per person.
Ortus Solutions is the company who created and drives the innovation for The ColdBox Platform, the de facto standard MVC framework and development platform for enterprise ColdFusion applications, ContentBox, an open source modular CMS and many more.
Ortus Solutions offers a comprehensive suite of products and services for empowering, building, running and managing ColdFusion applications. We have proven track record of successful web application development from small scale to mission critical applications, software architecture, design, training and support services
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


text:
AUGUSTA - Even without golf's biggest star, this suddenly is shaping up as a Masters for the ages.
Jordan Spieth, playing a brand of big-time golf that belies his 20 years, kept his cool amid the chaos of Saturday at Augusta National. He was too busy trying to handle a lightning-fast golf course to even look at a leaderboard until he couldn't avoid them over the closing holes of a wild round.
His name at the top with Bubba Watson was compelling enough.
It's been 83 years since a player this young won a major, and 35 years since anyone won the Masters on his first try.
Two shots behind was 50-year-old Miguel Angel Jimenez of Spain, rattling off seven birdies for a tournament-best 66 that gave him a shot at becoming the oldest winner in 154 years of championship golf. And still very much in the picture is Fred Couples, the 54-year-old who won his green jacket a year before Spieth was born.
The only mention of Tiger Woods, absent from Augusta National for the first time in 20 years, was whether Spieth could replace him as the youngest Masters champion.
"For a 20-year-old, he's pretty savvy. Not much bothers him," said Couples, who picked Spieth for the Presidents Cup. "Tomorrow obviously is going to be a really, really hard day to try to win this. But he's well qualified to do it."
Spieth managed one last par from the deep fairway bunker on the 18th hole for a 2-under 70. In his first Masters, he has broken par all three rounds.
That gave him a share of the lead with Watson, whose five bogeys in a round of 74 brought so many players back into the mix. Watson had a three-shot lead at the start of the third round. When he walked off the 18th green with a par, nine players were separated by three shots.
Spieth and Watson were at 5-under 211.
"Today was moving day," Spieth said. "And tomorrow is about seeing how I can control my game and emotions out on the golf course against guys that have even won here recently. So they have been in the position I haven't. Doesn't necessarily mean - I don't think - that they have an advantage in any way. I think that I'm very confident in the way things are going. And really looking forward to tomorrow."
Woods was 21 when he won his first Masters in 1997. Spieth would be the youngest major champion since Tom Creavy, who was a few months younger than Spieth when he won the 1931 PGA Championship.
But there's a lot of traffic on the road to a green jacket, mostly because of Watson.
He stretched his lead to five shots with a 7-iron to 6 feet for eagle on the second hold. He made only one birdie the rest of the way, a round sprinkled with putts that he either rammed too hard or left woefully short. Even so, the former Masters champion was right where he wanted to be.
"If somebody told me I would have shot 2 over and still be tied for the lead, I would have taken it in a heartbeat," Watson said. "So I got a shot on Sunday."
So do so many others.
Matt Kuchar, who squandered chances to win in each of the last two weeks, hit a pitch from well behind the 15th green that had to be perfect and was, setting up the best of his six birdies in a round of 68. Kuchar, a favorite in these parts from his days at Georgia Tech, was one shot behind along with Masters rookie Jonas Blixt, who fell out of the lead with a bogey on the 17th and shot 71.
Jimenez, who finished his round about the time the leaders teed off, was two shots back at 3-under 213 with Rickie Fowler (67).
Lee Westwood, in that small class as the best players without a major, had a 70 and was at 214 with Jim Furyk (72) and Thomas Bjorn (73).
"Bubba at this point is keeping me in it," U.S. Open champion Justin Rose said after his 69, leaving him only four shots behind. "There's a lot of players with a chance tomorrow. Anybody under par going into tomorrow has a good shot."
That would not include defending champion Adam Scott, who might have thrown away his hopes with a 40 on the front nine that led to a 76. He was six shots behind.
Spieth fell in love with Augusta National the first time he saw it during a golfing trip last October. He has leaned on two-time champion and fellow Texas Longhorn Ben Crenshaw in practice rounds, and he met with six-time champion Jack Nicklaus on Wednesday to learn as much as he could.
The kid is a quick study.
He didn't even have a PGA Tour card at this time last year. Since then, he won the John Deere Classic, became the youngest American to play in the Presidents Cup when Fred Couples made him a captain's pick, and had a chance in the final hour to win the FedEx Cup and its $10 million prize.
Phil Mickelson might have seen this coming. He was paired with Spieth the last day of the Deutsche Bank Championship in September, when the kid shot 62. Mickelson called Couples and said, "Dude, you've got to pick this guy."
Now, the young Texan has a good shot to join them in the champions' locker room.
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Multifunction Counter Set
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Mobile ads help grow Facebook's 1Q revenue 38 pct.
Research firm eMarketer says Facebook's share of the U.S. online advertising market is growing. This year, the company is expected to take a 6.5 percent share of U.S. online ad spending, up from 5.9 percent in 2012. Still, that figure is far behind Google Inc.'s 41.6 percent.
On the mobile front, eMarketer expects Facebook to take a 13.2 percent share of U.S. ad revenue, up from 9.5 percent in 2012, the first year it made any money from mobile ads. Though Facebook is No. 2, it is far behind Google in U.S. mobile advertising. EMarketer expects the online search leader to take a 54.7 percent share of U.S. mobile advertising revenue this year.
The company also grew its user base during the quarter. This has also been an area of some concern to investors amid chatter of "Facebook fatigue," especially among younger users, surfacing in recent months. But Facebook said its monthly user base grew to 1.11 billion accounts as of the end of March, up 5 percent from 1.06 million at the end of December.
The number of users who access Facebook every day, on average, grew 8 percent to 665 million in March, from 618 million in December.
Gartner Inc. analyst Brian Blau said the ongoing growth of daily users suggests that the service is a tough habit to break.
"The network remains in full force," Blau said. "You have to give them a lot of credit."
That doesn't mean there won't be concerns about some Facebook users, especially teenagers, migrating to other mobile applications and digital outlets to hang out with friends and share slices of their lives, said Forrester Research analyst Nate Elliott.
"There is always going to be something new in social," Elliott said. "The question is how much of it is a threat to Facebook? All Facebook can do is keep those users coming back and make money off those users. And Facebook seems to be doing both of those things reasonably well."
Instagram now has 100 million monthly users, up from 22 million when Facebook agreed to buy the company in April 2012.
Facebook's stock rose 12 cents to $27.55 in after-hours trading. The stock closed down 34 cents on Wednesday. It is up 3 percent since the beginning of the year compared with an 11 percent increase for the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Facebook went public on May 18, 2012, at $38 per share, a price it hasn't hit since.
AP Technology Writer Michael Liedtke in San Francisco contributed to this story.
The Associated Press


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What does HLS mean in London Stock Exchange?
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Don't know for sure and/or the exact values. But common sense tells me, default is obviously the stock values of when to dim, brighten and turn off the lights, by the light sensor values, and automatic I would guess means as soon as you go into dark, it goes light and vica versa. Instead of waiting for a certain value.
Again, not 100%.
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text: by Tammy Sakry Special to the Star News A secret smallmouth bass fishing spot is now more accessible. Anoka County and city of Ramsey officials have opened a new boat launch on the Mississippi River in Anoka County's Mississippi West Regional Park, located off of Traprock Street. This is a great d...Read More


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Washington Post paywall to begin June 12
Visitors to washingtonpost.com will be able to access 20 articles per month for free before being prompted to sign up for a subscription, publisher Katharine Weymouth announced Wednesday.Comment
Susan G. Komen cancels D.C. 3-Day Walk
The Susan G. Komen 3-day Walk will not be returning to D.C. or six other cities or states in 2014 because of "economic uncertainty."Comment
National Running Day 2013 celebrated nationwide
The event, which is a collaboration of 13 organizations and races including USA Track & Field and the Marine Corps Marathon, is held annually on the first Wednesday of June to promote exercise, running and healthy activities.
Robert Plight's alleged killer caught on camera
The man wanted in a fatal shooting was caught on camera as he casually walked into a gas station on Benning Road, moments before Robert Plight, a father of five, was gunned down outside.Comment
Newseum to debut "Anchorman" exhibit this November
The Newseum announced plans Tuesday for "Anchorman: The Exhibit" to be created with Paramount Pictures. It's scheduled to open Nov. 14 with props, costumes and footage from the film, including Burgundy's jazz flute and a mock anchor desk.Comment
MPD officers weigh in to shed pounds
D.C. police officers are getting into top shape, thanks to the sixth annual fitness challenge.
D.C. female firefighter allegedly sexually assaulted
D.C. police officials say that they're investigating allegations of a sexual assault of a female firefighter inside a District fire station.Comment
Eric Kettani now lieutenant in Navy
Eric Kettani is taking the next step in his career - not as a Washington Redskin but as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy.Comment
D.C. minimum wage for large retailers could reach $12.50 per hour
A bill that would require major retailers in the District to pay their employees at least $12.50 an hour may be put before the entire D.C. Council as soon as this week, the Washington Business Journal reports.Comment
Malik Spears killed in Brentwood shooting
MPD officials say that Malik Spears, a Southeast resident, died Tuesday afternoon, just over 12 hours after he was shot inside an apartment building the 1200 block of Brentwood Road NE.Comment
'A Capital Fourth' 2013: Barry Manilow, Darren Criss to headline D.C. 4th
Barry Manilow will join stars from Broadway, "American Idol" and composer John Williams for this year's July Fourth celebration on the National Mall.Comment
D.C. Council considers 7 school reform bills
The D.C. Council is considering new legislation to overhaul the District's schools. It's a package of seven bills said to be the most significant changes proposed for DCPS since 2007.Comment
Solomon Okoro shot near Adams Morgan, police exchange fire with suspects
A cab driver was shot and killed near Adams Morgan early Tuesday morning, MPD officials say, and two suspects are in custody after a shootout with police.Comment
Nazir Alston found after going missing from Southeast
Nazir Alston was located Tuesday afternoon, hours after he and his 17-year-old babysitter did not return home to the 300 block of Raleigh Street SE Monday night.Comment
Rubber Revolution strives for safer sex
A brewing controversy pits public health versus how the government spends taxpayer dollars.Comment
Banita Jacks: D.C. approves $2.6 million settlement
Washington has agreed to a $2.6 million settlement to the heirs of four children who were killed in 2007 by their mother, who had kept them prisoner and starved them.Comment
Walter Reed furloughs: Sequestration mainly to blame, notice says
"Extraordinary and serious budgetary challenges" are being cited as the reason that thousands of employees at Walter Reed and Fort Belvoir are being furloughed this summer, according to a letter sent to employees.Comment
D.C. premieres condom promotion commercial
District of Columbia health officials are premiering a commercial encouraging people to use condoms.Comment
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American Water Works Co. has joined forces with ENBALA Power Networks on smart grids for water systems. The technology enables power utilities to communicate with a water plant in real time, so it uses less energy during periods of low demand and more during peak times.
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Will these pipes still be worth talking about a thousand years from now?
Xylem, a global water technology company, will provide breakthrough water reuse AOP...
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Yes Virginia, major public works projects can be sustainable.
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A novel by Anthony Burgess
"But Daddy, who will live with me in heaven?" Doctor Simon Bailey has everything a man could ever want. Then his beautiful daughter is diagnosed with Leukemia. He can almost accept her impending death. He can almost accept the fact that he will have … see full wiki
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Upcoming News & Events
Sunday Matinee Series: Rutland
Date: 01.25.2015
Time: 3:00 pm
Location: Paramount Theatre (Rutland, VT)
The VSO offers a five-concert Saturday Masterworks series at the Flynn Center in Burlington, with additional select Sunday Matinee performances in Rutland (beginning at 3:00 pm). All Flynn concerts begin at 8:00 pm and are preceded at 7:00 pm by Musically Speaking, a free pre-concert discussion that provides entertaining insight into the evenings program.
At an Early Age
Sunday, January 25, 3:00 pm
2:00 pm Musically Speaking
To celebrate 80 years of beautiful music in beautiful venues, we have commissioned seven Vermont composers to write 80 second fanfares which will open each of our full-orchestra programs. We look forward to sharing great musical experiences with you all season long!
ALLEN SHAWN Vermont Fanfare
GABRIELA LENA FRANK Elegia Andina
SCHUBERT Symphony No. 8, "Unfinished"
ELGAR Violin Concerto
Elena Urioste, violin


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The amplitude of a video game player's voice determines how far his or her message is carried to other players in the game. The range a message carries is based on the relative virtual proximity of avatars associated with said players within the virtual game environment.
1. A video game system comprising:
an audio transducer that receives acoustical information including speech;
an amplitude detector that detects the amplitude of said received acoustical information; and
a messaging arrangement that selectively messages other players of said video game as a function of (a) said received acoustical information, (b) said detected amplitude, and (c) the respective relative virtual proximity of avatars within said video game that represent said players.
2. A video game playing method comprising:
receiving acoustical information including speech;
detecting the amplitude of said received acoustical information; and
selectively messaging other players of said video game as a function of (a) said received acoustical information, (b) said detected amplitude, and (c) the respective relative virtual proximity of avatars within said video game representing said players.
3. A multiplayer video game play system comprising:
means for receiving acoustical information including speech;
means for detecting the amplitude of said received acoustical information; and
means for selectively messaging other players of said video game as a function of (a) said received acoustical information, (b) said detected amplitude, and (c) the respective relative virtual proximity of avatars within said video game representing said players.
4. A storage medium comprising:
a first storage area that stores instructions for receiving acoustical information including speech;
a second storage area that stores instructions for detecting the amplitude of said received acoustical information; and
a third storage area that stores instructions for selectively messaging other players of said video game as a function of (a) said received acoustical information, (b) said detected amplitude, and (c) the respective relative virtual proximity of avatars within said video game representing said players.
This case is related to commonly assigned copending patent application Ser. No. 10/901,452, entitled "Voice-To-Text Conversion For Remote Video Game Play", incorporated herein by reference.
Not applicable.
The technology herein relates to remote or networked video game play, and more particularly to networked video game play wherein remote users can communicate with one another via chat capabilities. In still more detail, the technology herein relates to method and apparatus providing remote video game play wherein a player's speech is converted into text and formatted for textual display or other indication at a remote player site.
Networked or remote video game play has become increasingly popular. For several years now, game players using personal computers have played Doom, Quake and other multiplayer networked games over the Internet. Such multiplayer games can involve a number of different game players from all over the country or the world. One especially interesting genre of remote video games uses a team approach where the various players align themselves in teams and work together to accomplish a particular objective (defeat another team, beat another team in locating a treasure or fulfilling some other quest, etc.).
It is useful in such video game play contexts to allow the various game players to communicate with one another during game play. For example, members of the same team may wish to strategize so they can work together more effectively. Sometimes, players on opposite sides of a challenge may need to communicate information or otherwise coordinate their game play. Additionally, adding an inter-player communications capability may raise the fun factor substantially. Rather than simply sitting alone in front of a computer or television set moving a game character on a screen, the game play experience becomes much more interactive and personal when one is communicating with a group of friends or acquaintances.
While some game players are known to talk together on the telephone at the same time as they are involved in remote game play, many in the gaming industry have sought to provide a chat capability as a part of or adjunct to video game software. Early approaches, especially on PC games, provided a text chat capability allowing players to send text messages to one another. A player would use the keyboard to type in an instant message which could then be sent over the same communications medium carrying interactive game play information back and forth. Such text messages could be replied to by other players to provide interactive text "chat" communications. The effectiveness of such text chat capabilities depended on the type of game. For a relatively slow-moving long term adventure game, text chat could be quite effective in allowing players to coordinate their activities while at the same time communicating other fun and interesting information about themselves.
It has been known in the past to simulate certain real-world voice characteristics using text chat. For example, certain role playing games give players the option of qualifying their text chat with either a "whisper" command or a "shout" command. Under normal conditions, all human players receive all chats. In some games, avatars and associated human players outside of the neighborhood of the avatar making the chat declaration will not receive the chat. Qualifying the text chat declaration with a "shout" command allows all avatars to receive the chat text. Qualifying the chat declaration with a "whisper" command restricts distribution of the chat declaration to only a single specified avatar and associated human player.
To take advantage of the relatively higher communications bandwidths now available to most gamers via DSL, cable or other communications means, several software developers and game companies have developed voice chat capabilities for use in remote video game play. To use voice chat, the game players typically put on headsets that include both earphones and a microphone. Software and hardware within the personal computer or gaming platform digitizes voice picked up by the microphone and transmits the resulting digital information to other game players. At the remote side, received digitized speech signals are converted back into audio, amplified and played back through remote game player's headsets. Such voice chat eliminates the need for game players to use a keyboard while providing nearly instantaneous inter-player communications and coordination.
While much work has been done in this area in the past, further improvements are possible and desirable.
In one example illustrative non-limiting implementation, the amplitude of a game player's voice determines how far the game player's chat message is carried to other players in the virtual game environment. The other players either hear the message originator's actual voice (via voice chat) or see a text translation of the speech. For example, if a game player speaks at a normal volume level, those players and characters within a certain virtual distance range within the game environment will be able to see/hear what the player is saying. If the player shouts, players and characters further away can also hear/see. If the player whispers, only the players and characters within a smaller virtual distance range can see/hear.
In accordance with a further illustrative non-limiting example implementation, the game player can obtain power-ups in a game that extends the distance of speech (e.g., a megaphone, a microphone, an amplifier, etc.). Similarly, power-ups in the game can be used to encode speech—only those with the appropriate decoder can understand what the player is saying, though others might be able to hear/see that something was being said. The virtual distance can be determined by a physical analysis of the environment around a game character—e.g., in-game geometry, material properties, ambient temperature, ambient noise and other virtual environmental affects can be taken into consideration in determining the path and reach of the message. For example in a very noisy virtual environment, the game player may need to shout in order to have his or her message seen/heard.
In another non-limiting example implementation, the game player does not manually select which other player or players can or can't hear his or her speech. Just like in real life, any virtual game characters within certain virtual distance range (within the game) of the human player's character or avatar will be able to hear the speech. Players may attempt to control the audience for the message by varying the volume and direction of their voice. Even if player A whispers to player B who is standing right next to player A, other players may still be able to hear what player A is saying, and player A might not necessarily know this fact (again, just like real life). Player C might be able to hear what player A is saying if he or she is close enough to player B and if player A's speech amplitude is high enough to have not attenuated to an inaudible level by the time it travels the in-game distance from player A to player C. In another exemplary illustrative non-limiting implementation, the game environment may be able to provide visual cues showing the speaker how far his or her voice is traveling. For example, concentric circles on the ground or other virtual surface in an overlaid fashion could be used. This would provide a good cue for the speaker to determine if a given player that is visible on-screen can hear what the player is saying.
These and other features and advantages will be better and more completely understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings of which:
The location of a human players' avatars within the game may for example have no relationship to physical locations of the human players who are controlling those avatars. For example, human players controlling avatars A and C could be in the same apartment building in Seattle whereas the human player controlling avatar B could be in Washington D.C. To game players immersed in the game, the in-game locations of their avatars, characters or other objects are quite real, so therefore exemplary illustrative non-limiting implementations of the technology herein use these "in-game" locations and distances for sound/text chat attenuation calculations. Thus, in the illustrative example shown, the distances are the virtual distances of characters within a virtual 2D or 3D video game environment. For example, in the game, the "me" player and player A might be located within the same room, landscape, level or other virtual physical proximity to one another. Player B might be located in a different room, a different part of the landscape, on a different level, etc. Player C may be located in a still further virtual location such as in a different building, a different virtual location altogether, etc. The proximity calculations and analysis may in general depend on and be specific to the particular virtual game environment of the game.
In one example illustrative implementation, video game players 12(1) and 12(2) may be remotely located, with communications being provide between them via a network 14 such as the Internet or any other signal path capable of carrying game play data or other signals. In the example system 10 shown, each game player 12 has available to him or her electronic video game playing equipment 16. In the example shown, video game playing equipment 16 may comprise for example a home video game platform such as a NINTENDO GAMECUBE system connected to a handheld game controller 18 and a display device 20 such as a home color television set. In other examples, game playing equipment 16 could comprise a handheld networked video game platform such as a NINTENDO DS or GAMEBOY ADVANCE, a personal computer including a monitor and appropriate input device(s), a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant, or any other electronic or other appliance.
In the example system 10 shown, each of players 12 has a headset 22 including earphones 24 and a microphone 26. Earphones 24 receive audio signals from game playing equipment 16 and play them back into the player 12's ears. Microphone 26 receives acoustical signals (e.g., speech spoken by a player 12) and provides associated audio signals to the game playing equipment 16. In other exemplary implementations, microphone 26 and earphones 24 could be separate devices or a loud speaker and appropriate feedback-canceling microphone could be used instead. In the example shown in
In the example system 10 shown, each of players 12 interacts with video game play by inputting commands via a handheld controller 18 and watching a resulting display (which may be audio visual) on a display device 20. Software and/or hardware provided by game playing platforms 16 produce interactive 2D or 3D video game play and associated sound. In the example shown, each instance of game playing equipment 16 provides appropriate functionality to produce local video game play while communicating sufficient coordination signals for other instances of the game playing equipment to allow all players 12 to participate in the "same" game.
Generally, in one exemplary illustrative non-limiting implementation, each human player is represented by an avatar or game character. For example, in a "dungeons and dragons" type role playing game, one player could be represented by a wizard avatar (i.e., a character who has the appearance and characteristics of a wizard), another player might be represented by a knight avatar, yet another player might be represented by an elf character, etc. In a sports game, one player might be represented by a basketball player on a first team, and another player might be represented by a basketball player on another team. Generally, the human player controls his or her avatar by operating a handheld game controller 18. In some contexts, the video game could be a multiplayer first person shooter, driving, sports or any other genre of video game wherein each of players 12 can manipulate an associated character or other display object by inputting commands via handheld controllers 18. For example, in a sports game, one player 12(1) could control the players of one team, while another player 12(2) could control the players on an opposite team. In a driving game, each of players 12(1), 12(2) could control a respective car or other vehicle. In a flight or space simulation game, each of players 12 may control a respective aircraft. In a multi-user role playing game, each of players may control a respective avatar that interacts with other avatars within the virtual environment provided by the game. Any number of players may be involved depending upon the particular game play.
As will be seen in
In the particular example system 10 shown in
"I'm going to blast you."
In response to this statement, game playing equipment 16 and/or game server 28 converts the spoken utterance into data representing associated text. The text can be used by itself or in conjunction with the digitized voice to provide a text chat or text-and-voice chat. In another exemplary illustrative implementation, only voice chat is provided and the speech-to-text conversion is not used.
More complex, dynamic ranging calculations based on actual in-game distances as compared with a logarithmic or other functions modeling the attenuation of sound in various media (air, water, etc.) could be used. Factors that could be taken into account in determining virtual chat range could include for example:
See for example Ballou, Handbook for Sound Engineers (3d Ed. Focal Press) and JBL Sound System Design Reference Manual for various physical sound propagation behaviors that can be modeled in the context of a video game and the technology herein. Further, such sound attenuation modeling functions could be used to distort or otherwise render messages only partially intelligible just like in real life.
Note that in a multi-player game environment, the process shown in
While the description above refers to virtual distance within a game environment, it would be possible to use actual physical distance between human communicators. For example, if the communications platforms were cellular, it would be possible using GPS or other technology to calculate how much distance lies between the different users' physical locations.
Each of the publications mentioned above are incorporated herein by reference.
While the technology herein has been described in connection with exemplary illustrative non-limiting embodiments, the invention is not to be limited by the disclosure. The invention is intended to be defined by the claims and to cover all corresponding and equivalent arrangements whether or not specifically disclosed herein.
Patent Citations
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Indian government wants boxer tested for heroin
Updated: April 1, 2013, 1:06 PM ETAssociated Press
NEW DELHI -- The Indian sports ministry has asked the national anti-doping body to conduct an out-of-competition test on a boxer after claims from police and local media he uses heroin.
The ministry says the unusual move is necessary because if the claims about Olympic bronze medalist Vijender Singh are true, it "may have a debilitating influence" on other athletes.
Singh, who won middleweight bronze at the 2008 Beijing Games, denies using drugs.
Athletes are normally tested ...
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38 year old man | Alhambra, CA, USA | Seeking women 26-36 within 25 miles
I'm sugar free but with the same great taste!
I'm goofy, at times sarcastic,empathetic, and down-to-earth, but always ready to try new things. Nothing makes me happier than spending time with friends talking and laughing about all the things good friends talk and laugh about. I appreciate a woman who is honest about herself and her feelings, and I appreciate when a woman can accept her faults and still love herself. She doesn't have to be a super-woman. Everyone has fears and doubts and misgivings, but it takes strength to face those feelings and to move beyond them. I appreciate when a woman has goals and is striving to achieve them. I have things that I still want to do with my life but part of what I'd like is to share my own goals with someone and to be a part of that person's goals as well. I love conversation. I don't mean just chit chatting... I mean I love to talk to someone and get to know that person and have that person begin to know me. Being able to maintain a healthy banter is important to me. Last, but not least, I appreciate when a woman has and nurtures her creative side. Maybe because I'm looking for that in myself that I love to see someone be able to express theirs in some way.
Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Billiards / Pool, Cycling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Running, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs
I really loved Italy and Japan. Have never been to NY and I'm dying to go. I love San Fran, but will always be an Angeleno at heart. I spend most of my time around the Pasadena area.
I can eat korean food everyday. I will never get tired of listening to Radiohead. I haven't read a bad issue of Wired magazine and I can almost go into a meditative trance while driving... It's my way of blowing off steam.
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I have a decent rotation of magazines that I read every month and I try to get through at least one book a month. Best book I've read recently was "Wool", but can't ignore GoT. Also trying to read more classics and decided to tackle Anna Karenina.
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|5'8" (172cms)
|4'11" (149cms) to 5'7" (170cms)
|Body type:
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|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
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I work for an investment firm in DTLA, which I've been with since I graduated from college, and I still love it. I have great co-workers and my job continues to be fun.
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|Never Married
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|Definitely, Someday, Not sure
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|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree


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Code 20101
Level of study Third/Final year
Credit value 20
Semester 1 & 2
Pre-requisite modules Exercise metabolism 19172
This module provides a biochemical and physiological explanation of nutrition requirements of different types of exercise and sports. Particular note is taken of the interaction between nutrition and exercise performance. Students are expected to draw on knowledge of physiology and biochemistry, interpret scientific studies after critical reading and analysis and should be able to translate theory into practical advice for athletes.
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In response to feedback from user surveys and community discussions about which features Platinum Club members would like to get out of their membership, we have created Platinum Club Plus [Beta]. This Beta program introduces the benefits you've been asking for, while adjusting those you are less interested in, to create a more valuable club designed to give you savings on the products you are most interested in.
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Why is Defiance rated R?
Official MPAA Rating: Defiance is rated R for for violence and language.
Based on historical accounts of Jews who were determined to hide from the wrath of Hitler's invasions, this film details the efforts made by three brothers to protect a growing group of refugees. Frequent violence includes scenes of soldiers killing innocent people, including women, children and the elderly. Shootings are portrayed on-screen, and people are rounded up and taken away in trucks. Others are thrown, injured and killed during a bombing raid. Verbal threats and racial slurs are heard. A horse is shot off-screen. Sexual content is limited to discussions of people taking "forest wives" and "forest husbands"—many of these people are married, but have no idea if their spouses have survived. One couple is seen in bed, sexual activity is implied. A discussion occurs about a pregnant woman who was raped by a Nazi. A man unknowingly urinates on another man who is hiding. Profanities are moderately frequent, and include about a half-dozen sexual expletives, scatological terms, and religious profanities. Cigarettes smoking and alcohol use (sometimes to the point of impairment) are depicted.


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