text:
A variable focal length microlens system having a base section with a fluid chamber and a fluid pressurization mechanism. A flexible, substantially transparent polymer lens section is fixed above the fluid chamber and the lens section has a curvature providing an initial focal point when in an unstrained state. The fluid chamber is substantially sealed and the fluid pressurization mechanism includes a flexible wall in the base section. The flexible wall may be displaced by magnetic activation, PZT activation of another activating mechanism.
1. A variable focal length microlens apparatus comprising:
a. a base section having a fluid chamber and a fluid pressurization mechanism; and
b. a flexible, substantially transparent polymer lens section fixed above said fluid chamber, said lens section having a curvature providing an initial focal point when in an unstrained state.
2. The variable focal length microlens apparatus of
3. The variable focal length microlens apparatus of
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19. The variable focal length microlens apparatus of
20. The variable focal length microlens apparatus of
21-24. (canceled)
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC � 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/567,274 filed Apr. 30, 2004, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The invention described herein was made with support of the U.S. Government, and the U.S. Government may have certain rights in the invention as provided for by the terms of Grant Nos. 32096756141 and BAA 01-42-#427 awarded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
The present invention relates to flexible lens systems, in particular lens systems wherein certain optical parameters are selectively adjustable.
Optical systems often require variable focal length to allow the field of view (FOV) or the magnification to be altered. These systems with lenses and mirrors as conventional optical elements of fixed focal length use focusing mechanisms which are complicated and consist of many moving parts such as gears, motors and sliders to image a moving object or objects with high irregular shape. These mechanical focusing mechanisms become particularly difficult to employ when dealing with microlens systems for micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS).
The study of variable focal length microlens has been an area of activity for many years. Variable focal length is a necessary attribute in many optical applications if the object being imaged is not in a fixed position. Several recent publications have recognized that the potential for variable microlens impact significantly the field of optical applications [1][2]. The variation of focal length can be provided by a focalizing mechanism to cause the focal plane shift. The different approaches using liquid crystal methods [3][4] and electrowetting methods [5][6] have been investigated by other researchers, but the liquid crystal lens has limited application in the microlens area and the electrowetting liquid concept lens requires a high voltage source. Both methods required electrodes, which are immersed in the electrolyte solution and cause severe optical distortion. A variable microlens system overcoming these disadvantages is needed in the art.
One embodiment of the present invention comprises a microlens system or apparatus which will allow for the relatively rapid alteration of various optical parameters such as focal length, field of view (FOV), and numerical aperture. As used herein, the term "mircolens" will typically refer to a lens having a diameter of less than 5 mm, however, the present invention is not necessarily limited to such lens sizes.
One embodiment of the microlens system is illustrated in
Lens section 5 will be formed of a flexible, substantially transparent polymer material. In the embodiment of
Although the present invention encompasses any conventional process for manufacturing lens sections 5, one preferred embodiment employs a PDMS casting process, including a photo-resist reflow technique which uses liquid surface tension to form a spherical structure when the photoresist is melted.
Next, the photoresist layer is thermally reflowed (for example by heating on a hot plate) to convert the photoresist mesa structures into the deformed photoresist mounds. To help create a uniformly deformed photoresist mound, one embodiment of the invention places the sample in a chamber containing acetone vapor for approximately one minute prior to beginning the thermal reflow process. In this embodiment, the silicon wafer is placed on a hot plate at a temperature of 95� C. for approximately 10 minutes to uniformly deformed the polymeric mesas. The acetone vapor and moisture absorbed inside the polymeric mesa are removed during the heating step and final hard curing of the mesas is carried out at a temperature of approximately 120� C. to 150� C. in order to stabilized the mesa and prevent further reflow during subsequent fabrication steps. Thus, a photoresist "mother lens" is created on the wafer as suggested in
After completing the photoresist mother lens, the next step is the transfer of photoresist microstructure to a master mold. A PDMS material (e.g. Dow Corning Sylgard 186 silicone) may be used as the master mold material. As a first step, the photoresist mold is treated by exposing it to a vapor of tridecafluoro-(1,1,2,2,tetrahydrooctyl)-1-trichlorosilane (available from United Chemical Technologies of Horsham, Pa.) in order to reduce the adhesion of the cured PDMS to the photoresist. Next, the photoresist mold is placed in a shallow container (such as a petri dish) with the lens pattern facing upward. A sufficient amount of uncured PDMS mixture is poured into the dish to completely cover the photoresist mold and provide an adequate base for the mold The PDMS master mold is dried in a vacuum oven for 2 hours at 5 mtorr of pressure and 75� C. and then the mold is peeled off from the mother lens wafer. The PDMS master consists of a concave microlens array as suggested by
The final step in this particular fabrication process is spin coating a separate PDMS layer (the ultimate lens section 5) onto the PDMS master. In this embodiment, the ultimate lens material may also be Dow Corning Sylgard 186. Vapor application of a trichlorosilane compound to the PDMS master may again be used to reduce adhesion of the final PDMS film to PDMS mold. The spinning speed of the spin coating process is adjusted to obtain the desired thickness of the microlens section. In this embodiment, the thickness of the spun on PDMS layer may be between 30 and 150 um. The spun-on PDMS film is completely cured and the PDMS film forming the lens section is peeled out from the master mold. Because the PDMS master mold was completely cured prior to coating with the PDMS lens film, the PDMS lens film does not crosslink with the previously cured PDMS master mold and the lens film is readily removed from the master mold. Although the above lens section fabrication process is well adapted to producing the PDMS lens sections of the illustrated embodiments, it will be understood that many alternative fabrication processes also come within scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of
To assemble the microlens system 1 seen in
The operation of microlens system 1 will be readily understood with reference to
where V is equal to lens' volume and θ is contact angle. The back focal length (fB) of the microlens can be obtained by the following equation:
where n1, and n2 are the refractive index for the PDMS microlens and pumped-in fluid, which is water, respectively (n1=1.43 for Sylgard 186, and n2=1.33 for water). In addition, the numerical aperture can be calculated by the following equation:
From the above, it will readily be understood that the change in shape of convex portion 5 a will alter the focal length of microlens system 1 and accurate metering of fluid into fluid chamber 3 will allow precise control of the focal length.
Another embodiment of the present invention is seen in
Lens section 5 may be formed as described above. Lens frame 31 may be formed of any suitable material, but in the embodiment of
A still further embodiment of the present invention is seen in
In one embodiment, the diaphragm 47 with the PZT ring 48 will be constructed as follows. After the PDMS diaphragm 47 having a thickness of approximately 100 um to 200 um is bonded to frame 46 with a conventional adhesive such as epoxy, a thin top conductive layer is applied onto the PDMS layer as an electrode 50. The electrode material can be gold, platinum, or another metal applied in a fine layer (less than 1 um thick) by a conventional sputtering process. Alternatively, the electrode could be a conductive polymer such as conductive PDMS applied in an about 20 um thick layer by brush coating. Then, using a conventional chemical solution deposition method, a PZT layer about 2 um to 5 um thick is applied on the electrode 50 and allowed to cure to form the ultimate PZT ring 48. Next, another electrode 51 is coated on the exposed surface of the PZT film by one of the same methods as above. Thereafter, electrical leads may be attached to the electrodes 50 and 51 in any conventional manner. An electric field applied perpendicular to the PZT layer plane induces a contraction in the lateral direction, thereby producing a large out-of plane deflection of the PZT layer because of its unimorph geometry.
A still further embodiment of the present invention is seen in
The manufacturing steps of one embodiment of thermally activated lens system 60 are illustrated in
Then the second side of the wafer 65 is coated with photoresist and patterned with a circular area which will correspond to the through hole over which convex lens portion 5 a (
One embodiment of the present invention accomplishes the assembly of frame 61 and bottom plate 62 using conventional anodic bonding. Anodic bonding or field assisted glass-silicon sealing, is a process which permits the sealing of silicon to glass well below the softening point of the glass. The frame 61 and bottom plate 62 are positioned with the fluid chamber 68 facing the heating/sensor elements as suggested in
Once frame 61 and bottom plate 62 are bonded together, the PDMS lens section 5 will be bonded onto frame 61 using a convention oxygen plasma treatment (explained below). Next, the accessorial opening 68 a will be plugged with a small portion of PDMS material and the area covered with epoxy to form a complete seal. The liquid chamber 68 is then filled through the fill hole 70 (
In certain of the embodiments of the present invention described herein, the PDMS lens section and the silicon based frame may be bonded together using an oxygen plasma treatment. A strong covalent siloxane (Si—O—Si) bond is formed when two plasma oxidized surfaces are brought into contact. The surface activation may be accomplished with a conventional Micro Reactive Ion Etching (Micro-RIE) unit.
The silicon frame and the spin coated PDM lens section (still on the master mold) are loaded into the top chamber of the Micro-RIE unit. After pumping down the chamber to 50 mtorr, the RF power is turned on (320 W), establishing a pale blue plasma. The inlet valve on the chamber is then slowly opened to let in a small stream of oxygen (5.5 sccm), turning the plasma pink. A 30 second exposure to the oxygen plasma (after it has turned pink) consistently yields strong bonds. After 30 seconds, the RF power is turned off, and the chamber is vented, and the samples removed. Within two to three minutes of surface activation, the silicon frame and PDMS lens section must be brought into contact to form a permanent bond between them. The silicon frame and PDMS lens section then only need be left undisturbed for a short period of time (approximately 30 minutes) in order to complete the procedure and form a strong, durable, fluid tight bond between the silicon frame and the PDMS lens section.
Another embodiment of the present invention utilizes the fluid activated lens concept to create a variable focal length microlens system having an increased field of view (FOV). In one embodiment, the increase in the FOV is accomplished through the lens system having the ability to adjustably form a double convex (DCX) lens or a double concave (DCV) lens.
One process for fabricating DCV/DCX lens system 80 is seen in
Returning to
As seen in
One manner of increasing the FOV in a lens system is to utilize multiple DCV or DCX lenses in series. Therefore, in addition to the single pair of frame halves shown in
Another embodiment of the present invention utilizes electroactive polymer (EAP) materials as the actuator of a variable focal length lens system rather than using fluid as described in the above embodiments. One class of EAP actuators are dielectric elastomer actuators. If a polymer film is relatively soft (i.e., has a relatively low modulus of elasticity), then large motions can be produced simply from Maxwell stress. When a voltage is applied across the polymer film, unlike charges on the opposing electrodes will attract each other and tend to squeeze the film and decrease its thickness while like charges on each electrode will tend to repel each other and increase the film thickness. The stress induced in the film is equal to the permittivity of the film multiplied by the square of the applied electric field.
One embodiment of the present invention is illustrated with the circular diaphragm actuator shown in
For each electrode unit 101 seen in the array embodiment of
These electrode shaped impressions are next filled with a compliant, electrically conducive material to form the electrodes. In the embodiment shown, the material for the compliant electrodes is an electrically conductive PDMS provided by GE� under the tradename Baysilone� LSR 2345/06. The conductive PDMS is brushed into the electrode impressions on both sides of the PDMS film and then the film is placed in the oven or on a hot plate at 70� C. to cure the conductive PDMS. In place of metal leads, the conductive PDMS is also used to form the connection with the outside circuit for testing and/or operation. Because of its flexibility and conductivity, conductive PDMS can be easily used to form connecting circuits by brushing it onto a dielectric platform without affecting the performance of the PDMS actuator. If the PDMS film is in a 4�4 array of single units with connections to each other (such as seen in
The operation of EAP actuated microlens system 120 can be illustrated in conjunction with
In another embodiment of the present invention, the EAP actuator could be combined with a gradient refractive-index (GRIN) lens. This is accomplished by formulating the PDMS of the EAP actuator as a GRIN material. A GRIN material is an optical medium with a parabolic refractive distribution. For example, in a converging GRIN lens, the refractive index is highest on the circular lens' axis and decreases toward the periphery with the square of the radial distance from the optical axis. The area of PDMS/GRIN material enclosed by the electrodes forms an adjustable GRIN lens. By applying voltage across the electrodes to thin or thicken the PDMS/GRIN material, the focal length of the lens may be adjusted.
For a GRIN lens, the refractive index at any distance r from the optical axis is given by
where n(r) is the refractive index at any distance r, n0 is the refractive index of the optical axis, A is the positive gradient constant, and r is the radial distance from the optical axis.
Several methods are know in the art for preparing GRIN polymeric optical lens such as two-step copolymerization [8,9], the extrusion method [10], interfacial-gel copolymerization [11], and photopolymerization [12]. In the two-step copolymerization method, a lower-refractive-index monomer diffuses into a crosslinking matrix to form a GRIN distribution.
While the GRIN plastics and their fabrication methods have been studied, a flexible GRIN lens has not been developed. Most GRIN plastic provides only a rigid plastic lens structure and a rigid lens structures cannot provide the change of the focal length. Therefore, the present invention provides a flexible and dielectric polymeric lens.
Silicone-base polymers provide many special characteristics which can meet both the optical and mechanical requirements of the present invention. A silicone-based lens is elastic and deformable under stresses. Moreover, a silicone-base polymer, such as polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS), is a dielectric material which can be integrated with the EAP actuation system. A flexible GRIN silicone lens comprises a cross-linked silicone polymer matrix, a homogeneously embedded photosensitive macromer, and a photoinitiator. The polymer matrix forms the basic optical element framework and is generally responsible for many of its material, mechanical, and optical properties. The macromer is a low-molecular-weight polymer linked to a photo sensitive group. The photo-initiator is an organic molecule that undergoes dissociation into reactive radicals that begin the polymerization process on exposure to a specific wavelength of light.
After the polymer matrix is formed, the refractive power of the lens may be selectively adjusted by exposing the lens to an ultraviolet (UV) light. On UV irradiation, polymerization of the photosensitive polymer occurs. The application of ultraviolet light to a portion of the lens optic results in disassociation of the photoinitiator to form reactive radicals that initiate polymerization of the photosensitive macromers within the irradiated region of the silicone matrix. Polymerization itself does not result in changes in lens power; it does, however, create a concentration gradient within the lens resulting in the migration of non-irradiated macromers into the region now devoid of macromer as a result of polymerization. The resulting chemical potential causes migration of unpolymerized macromers and photo initiators down a diffusion gradient into the irradiated area of the lens to form a gradient-index distribution. Once the desired power change is achieved, irradiation of the entire lens to polymerize all remaining macromers "locks in" the adjustment so that no further power changes can occur.
The polymeric GRIN lens comprises a photosensitive macromer dispersed in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix forms the optical element framework. The photosensitive macromer may be a single compound or a combination of compounds that is capable of photo-polymerization. As a general rule, the polymer matrix and the photosensitive macromer are selected such that the components that comprise the photosensitive macromer are capable of diffusion within the polymer matrix. Thus, a loose polymer matrix will tend to be paired with larger photosensitive macromer components, and a tight polymer matrix will tend to be paired with smaller macromer components.
Upon exposure to an appropriate UV light, the photosensitive macromer typically forms a second polymer matrix in the exposed region of the optical element. The presence of the second polymer matrix changes the material characteristics of this portion of the optical element to modulate its refraction capabilities. In general, the formation of the second polymer matrix changes the refractive index of the affected portion of the optical element. After exposure, the photosensitive macromer in the unexposed region will migrate into the exposed region over time. The amount of photosensitive macromer migration into the exposed region is time dependent and may be precisely controlled by diffusion time. If enough diffusion time is permitted, the photosensitive macromer components will re-equilibrate and redistribute the refractive index profile throughout optical element of the first polymer matrix, including the exposed region. When the region is re-exposed to the energy source, the photosensitive macromer that has since migrated into the region, which may be less than if the photosensitive macromer is allowed to re-equilibrate, polymerizes to further increase the formation of the second polymer matrix. After the diffusion step is finished, the entire optical element is exposed to the UV-light to "lock in" the desired lens property by polymerizing the remaining photosensitive macromer components that are outside the exposed region before the components can migrate into the exposed region. Because freely diffusable photosensitive macromer components are no longer available, subsequent exposure of the optical element to UV light cannot further change its power.
There are two different combinations for diverging and converging GRIN lenses. By selecting the proper silicones for matrix and macromer, diverging and converging GRIN lens can be fabricated. If the matrix has a lower refractive index than macromer, the higher refractive index macromer can diffuse into the lens from periphery toward the lens center. The refractive distribution is a parabolic profile in which the refractive index is highest on the lens periphery and decreases toward the center with the square of the radial distance from the optical axis. This refractive distribution induces a diverging GRIN lens. On the other hand, if the macromer's refractive index is lower than the matrix's, the refractive distribution can be changed to the higher refractive index on the lens axis, and it decreases toward the periphery. Thus, this kind of lens is a converging GRIN lens.
A flexible PDMS lens array was fabricated using the photoresist thermal treatment process described above in reference to
Next, the photoresist microstructure was transferred to a PDMS master by the casting method described above. PDMS was chosen as a master material because it provides high dimensional accuracy and easy fabrication. Dow Corning� Sylgard 184 silicone was the particular PDMS used. After the PDMS master was dried in a vacuum oven at 75� C., the mold was peeled away from the mother lens wafer. The PDMS master formed a concave microlens array. SEM images of the master showed well formed concave surfaces with diameters of 1500 μm.
Spin-coat molding was used to fabricate a polymeric microlens by spin coating a PDMS layer on the sacrificial PDMS master. Depending on the spin speed, a thick or thin film with a unique dimension microlens could be obtained. The PDMS film was then cured under vacuum in an oven at 75� C. for 2 hours, and then peeled away from the PDMS master. The topography of the PDMS microlens film as shown in SEM pictures had convex microlens structures with a diameter of 1500 μm and a maximum height in the center of lens of 85 μm.
The mother lens, the PDMS master and final PDMS microlens film were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, two techniques were used to characterize the surface profiles of the molds and microlens film. The surface profile of the melted photoresist microlens was measured using a Tencor Alpha Step 500 System. The equipment uses a stylus with a ˜2 μm chisel head in contact with the sample which confirmed the surface profile of the photoresist mother lens as having a height of 85 μm and a diameter of 1500 μm. An atomic force microscope (AFM, such as a Quesant Instruments scanning probe microscope) was also used to examine the microlens profiles. The AFM provided true 3-D topographic images, which also yielded surface roughness data on the nanometer scale. In the analysis, the AFM was used to measure surface roughness on an area of 10 μm�10 μm of sample surface. The analysis results for AFM 3-D topography of photoresist microlens, PDMS master, and final PDMS lens film are shown in the Table 1. The changes in surface roughness vary during PDMS coating and peel-off processes. Table 1 shows the surface roughness increases from the original reflowed photoresist to the PDMS concave master. However, the surface roughness between the PDMS master and final PDMS microlens film does not significantly change. The roughness for both master mold and final PDMS microlens film was about 17-18.6 nm. This surface roughness is still in an acceptable range for optical requirements.
After obtaining the final PDMS lens film (about 100 μm thick), the film was bonded onto the surface of a silicon wafer, which consists of through holes as chambers for the microfluidic system such as seen in
Mechanical properties of the PDMS film were examined by applying a point load in the center of the PDMS film. The corresponding deflections with various loads were measured. Testing showed that there is a linear relationship between applied force and deformation before reaching the maximum mechanical strength of the PDMS film. The maximum force to which the 100 μm thick PDMS film could be loaded before rupturing the film was about 20 g. Within the range of maximum applied force, the film was linearly deformed.
The final assembled optical module with a lens film, a microchamber, and a channel as seen in
A microlens on microfluidic channel is considered as a piano convex refractive lens assuming that the lens profile is spherical. The curvature of the microlens and back focal length (fB) can be obtained by equation 2 above. The summary of optical properties of the variable focal microlens is shown in Table 2. The range of back focal length was from 3.82 mm to 10.64 mm.
In addition, the numerical aperture can be calculated by equation 3 above. The numerical apertures with various focal lengths were determined and listed in Table 2. The numerical aperture can be tunable between 0.087 and 0.24.
A circular diaphragm actuator such as shown in
A mask for a circular actuator array was designed for a 4-inch substrate as suggested by
The PDMS actuator was fabricated based on a mold-casting process. The fabrication process is shown in
The mold for the actuator was made of SU8 (from MicroChem Inc. of Newton, Mass.), which is a negative photoresist for high-aspect-ratio structures. SU8-5 was chosen for 10 μm structures and SU8-10 for 30 μm structures in the experiments to fabricate different actuator film thicknesses. The fabrication process of the SU8 pattern follows the procedure that is described in the instruction from MicroChem. In order to easily fabricate the PDMS actuator before PDMS casting, two molds of the actuator pattern were made on two different substrates, one was Pyrex� glass; the other was a copper substrate. Because the glass substrate was transparent, it made it easier to align the patterns of the two substrates. The copper substrate had good flexibility, which made it easier to release the PDMS actuator. When patterning onto a copper substrate, pretreatment was important in order to increase the adhesion of SU8. The copper substrate was lapped with very fine sand paper (25 μm) and cleaned with acetone after lapping and before coating with SU8.
The casting PDMS was Dow Corning� Sylgard 184 silicone which has good elasticity and is transparent. After peeling the PDMS film off the substrate, the thickness of the PDMS film was normally a little thicker than the thickness of the spacer because of the challenge of sealing. The material for compliant electrodes was electrically conductive PDMS purchased from GE. When the PDMS actuator structure was ready, the conductive PDMS was brushed into the electrode impressions that were formed in the mold transfer. And then the actuator was placed in an oven or on a hot plate at 70� C. to cure the conductive PDMS. Instead of copper wires, the conductive PDMS was also used to form the connection with the outside circuit for testing. Because of its flexibility and conductivity, conductive PDMS could be easily used to form connecting circuits by brushing it onto the dielectric platform without affecting the performance of the PDMS actuator. Several PDMS actuators with different thickness ranging from 60 μm to 130 μm are prepared based on the above fabrication process.
After pasting conductive PDMS onto both sides of the PDMS film, the PDMS actuator was glued on a dielectric platform which included a hole drilled therethrough. The center of the actuator was placed in the center of the hole and the connecting circuit (see
Deformation tests were conducted by measuring the change of contact angles of the PDMS lens section of the film. When voltage was applied, the PDMS film would deform and the contact angle would change during actuation. The deformation could be calculated based on the contact angle (θ) and the diameter of actuater (d). The curvature (R) could be obtained by:
The height of deformed structure was
And it could be derived as
Based on the above deviation, the deformation of actuated PDMS film could be calculated as D=h−h0, where ho was the initial height when the PDMS film was in a relaxed condition. Several PDMS actuators with different thicknesses and different diameters of actuated sizes were tested. Table 3 summarizes the deformation of the PDMS actuator with an average 120 μm thickness and 4.7 mm in diameter.
Two samples with two different opening diameters and same thickness were tested. The results indicated that with a larger diameter, the PDMS actuator could obtain more deformation and a higher starting voltage. Once the PDMS actuator starts to deform, the deformation is proportional to the applied DC voltage. Tests also showed that for the same-thickness film, the linear relationship was same even if the opening diameters were different. See Table 4. The only difference was that the film with the larger diameter could have greater deformation.
Materials comprising various amount of (a) poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Vinyl-addition silicone) as matrix, (b) Methacryloxypropyl Terminated PolyDimethylsiloxanes as photo-sensitive macromer, (c) a UV photoinitiator, 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (Ciba Darocur 1173), (d) a crosslinker (Gelest HMS-301), and (e) a Pt initiator for Vinyl-addition silicone cure (SIP6830.3), were made and tested. The first four components (a, b, c & d) were blended together initially. PDMS with the crosslinker HMS-301 was polymerized by addition of platinum catalyst as an initiator. PDMS was the polymeric matrix while the macromer and Darocur 1173 together formed the photo-sensitive macromer composition. Table 5 shows the samples' preparation and testing.
According to the data analysis of absorption spectrum from Ciba, 1.5 wt. % of Darocur 1173 is the suggested addition to the samples to initiate the polymerization chain reaction for a better polymer. The cure time for the first matrix to be formed took about 30 minutes after the platinum (Pt) catalyst was added. The matrix with unpolymerized macromer composition in the mold was moisture cured and stored in the dark at room temperature for a period of 30 minutes to ensure that the resulting first matrix was non-sticky, clear, and transparent.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of certain specific embodiments shown above, such embodiments should only be considered illustrative and there are many other variations and modifications which will come within the scope of the present invention. For example, the present invention includes a method of producing a polymer microlens apparatus comprising the steps of: a) using a lithography process to form a lens base of a thermally reflowable first material; b) heating said reflowable first material to formed a convex mother lens; c) transferring the shape of said mother lens to a mold master of a second material; d.) coating a substantially transparent polymer lens material onto said mold master; and e) releasing said transparent polymer lens material from said mold master. This method also includes the polymer lens material being a PMDS material or wherein a reflowable material is photo-resist. This method includes the step of coating the lens material being a spin coating process and the second material of the master mold being a PDMS material.
The invention also includes a variable focal length microlens apparatus having: a) a lens frame comprising a first surface and a second surface, with a view aperture formed through the first and second surfaces; b) a fluid chamber formed between the first and second surface; c) a flexible, substantially transparent polymer lens section positioned over the view aperture on each of the first and second surfaces; and d) a fluid pressurization mechanism capable of causing an increase or a decrease of fluid pressure in the fluid chamber, thereby adjustably forming a DCV lens or a DCX lens. This embodiment includes the fluid pressurization mechanism comprising a fluid channel connecting the fluid chamber to an exterior of the lens frame. This embodiment includes the fluid channel being connected to a fluid pump exterior to the lens frame or an embodiment wherein multiple lens frames are positioned adjacent to one another in order to form a series of DCV and/or DCX lens. This embodiment further includes a variable focal length microlens wherein the lens frames are interconnected by a common fluid transfer path.
The invention includes a variable focal length microlens apparatus comprising: a) an electrode active polymer section with a lens formed thereon; b) a flexible electrode substantially surrounding an area of the electro active polymer section on which said lens is formed; and c) a power source for supplying electricity to said electrode. This embodiment includes the flexible electrode being ring shaped; or alternatively the electrode active polymer section being substantially planar with a first flexible electrode on a first side of the section and a second electrode on a second side of the section; or alternatively the lens being a GRIN type lens; or alternatively the lens being formed of a flexible polymer and having a convex surface when in an unstrained state.
All such variations and modifications are intended to come within the scope of the following claims.
All of the following references are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Referenced by
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The Wheeland Brothers are Riding the BEAT100 Wave
Get ready for the California sunshine with this beach rock-reggae duo, you'll be grabbing that surf board in no time!
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RE: Transport from Schipol to Haarlem
In from of the Schiphol Plaza (and Train ticket office) is the bus station.
At 7.09PM you can take Connexxion bus 300 direction Haarlem. Is a dirct connection with a busstop at Verwulft. From there the Grote Markt is 4 minutes walking (just head for the church). Travel time about 45 minutes.
6 busses per hour, so you never wait more than 10 minutes!
the costs are 7 zones on a Strippenkaart. Buy a 15 zone Strippenkaart at the Schiphol Train ticket office for Euro 6.80 and you'll be fine.
Return journey:
the 300 bus departs at 8.05 from the Verwulft busstop (and thereafter at a 10 minute interval again).
There's another hotel at the market; see:
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RE: Transport from Schipol to Haarlem
BTW, here are 2 pictures of the Verwulft bus stops; it's in the middle of a major street called "Gedempte Oude Gracht".
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RE: RE: Transport from Schipol to Haarlem
The only hotel right on the Grote Markt is the Amadeus. The Carillon is slightly off the Markt, across the street. I read that the Carillon has been or is being redone. The rooms are above its cafe but this is a relatively quiet cafe. There is also Hotel Joops just on the south side of the Grote Kerk, which is on the Grote Markt. Hotel Raekse is in the same league but is about a 5 minute walk west of the Grote Markt at the corner of Raaks and Zijlvest. I have stayed at the Raekse and the Carillon and have looked in on the Amadeus and Joops. They are all about the same, one star in my opinion but clean and OK. Some people have an issue with the Amadeus' front rooms overlooking what can be a noisy square on weekends.
There are also some B&Bs in Haarlem. The B&B Paula is owned by a friend of mine. It is about 2 miles west of the Grote Markt but Paula has bicycles for loan. It's an easy ride to town and to Zandvoort. Weather can get you down but May is one of the driest months in Holland.
I use Connexxion bus 300. It goes from Schiphol Plaza as Pieter says every 10 minutes. It goes directly to the Haarlem train station. The bus sits there for a while before going to Verwulft so I would get off at the station. As you get off the VVV tourist office Haarlem is about 50 yards to your left. Then you have about 600 yards to walk south to the Grote Markt. Alternatively, the taxi rank is right in front of the bus stop. It would cost about 7 or 8 euros to the Grote Markt.
Returning to Schiphol the Connexxion bus 300 Verwulft stop on Gedempte Oude Gracht in front of the V+D department store would be more convenient. This is much closer to the Grote Markt and you have the pedestrian only Grote Hout Straat to get you there.
If you can change your arrangements I recommend being in Amsterdam for the annual Queen's Day event on April 30. It's the greatest city-wide street party you can imagine.
See my Haarlem page for a photo of the Grote Kerk and the windmill which has been reconstructed.
Eating tip: a great burger at the Cafe Brinkman, outdoor patio on the Grote Markt. Eat in on rainy days. Slow service.
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Zine Ambry Beanie
Item # 242313
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What is this?This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.
A sleek black colorway with a fold-over cuff provides a classic style that works with any look.
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Week In Tech: Overclock Your Monitor With NVIDIA
A high quality LCD panel. Or high refresh rates. Take your pick. Because you can't have both. Well, not unless you think BadgerJump Monitors (or whatever they're called) sounds like a sensible consumer electronics brand and you're thus willing to roll the dice on a dodgy Korean panel off eBay. But wait. One of the footnotes to NVIDIA's recent Titan graphics card launch is a new monitor overclocking feature. Yup, monitor overclocking. But will it give you 120Hz for free? Will it fry your panel? Do you need NVIDIA's £800 Titan? Should you actually care about high refresh? I've got the answers� (more�)
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Vegetable Barley Pilaf
16 Sep 2011
|Chopped onion
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Chopped celery
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Sliced mushrooms
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Sliced yellow summer squash
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Quick cooking barley
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Sliced carrots
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Chopped parsley
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs)
|Chopped basil leaves/1/2 teaspoon dried basil leaves, crushed
|2 Teaspoon
|Chicken bouillon granules
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1⁄8 Teaspoon
Coat large skillet with nonstick cooking spray.
Add onion, celery and mushrooms; cook and stir over medium heat until vegetables are tender.
Stir in water, squash, barley, carrots, parsley, basil, bouillon granules and pepper.
Bring to a boil over high heat. Reduce heat to medium-low.
Cover and simmer 10 to 12 minutes or until barley is tender.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Main Dish
Preparation Time:5 Minutes
Cook Time:35 Minutes
Ready In:40 Minutes
Rate It
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Vegetable Barley Pilaf Recipe


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Ron Artest's long journey from being known as a mentally unstable thug to being known as a mentally unstable basketball champion was completed last night when his Los Angeles Lakers trumped the Boston Celtics in Game 7 of the NBA Finals (an event which, as tradition demands, was capped off by a feverish post-game makeout session between the two heated rivals). Artest, whose skill on the court has never been called into question, has long been maligned in both league and fan circles as a head case, a reputation that was solidified after he maniacally charged into the stands during a game and started brawling with fans back in 2005.
So how was Artest able to make the transition from being the most hated/feared man in sports to winning a coveted NBA championship ring? Simple! He spent some QT with a psychiatrist. And while it's no longer taboo for athletes to admit that they confess their deepest fears to sports psychiatrists, most athletes tend keep their participation in these therapeutic sessions private. But not Ron Ron! He let his strong feelings for
Dr. Melfi Dr. Sandeep be known last night during a euphoric post-game interview with the mildly shellshocked ABC sideline reporter, Doris Burke, a moment that felt less like an interview and more like an Oscar acceptance speech:
"I definitely want to thank my doctor, Dr. Sandeep, my, uh, psychiatrist. She really helped me relax a lot. Thank you SO much. It's so difficult to play with all this focus, and so much emotion in the playoffs. And she helped me relax, I thank you so much."
And if that wasn't shocking enough, the unfiltered Artest deftly transitioned from confessional mode into promotional mode and plugged his new rap song, "Champion," that hits the streets soon. Most awesome post-game interview ever? We say yes.
[Via SoupSoup]


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The fan - Hunter Davies opens his Mateus Rose too early
I open some Mateus Rose at half-time and spot the vicar in an England shirt
I open some Mateus Rose at half-time and spot the vicar in an England shirt
by Hunter Davies Published
Something strange happened during the England-France game. Well, a lot did, but I mean here, while sitting in my little TV room in Loweswater. It's my Lakeland library, so I have loads of books around, should any of the 31 games get boring. There's also a little shower and lavatory, so I can have a pee and still watch the footer, which I'm not supposed to do. Jolly handy.
There's another room running off it, which we call the washroom, containing boots, raincoats, deep freeze and washing machine. That's not so handy. I don't know how many times I've told her, but she will walk through my TV room to get stuff out of the freezer, or put on the washing machine, which roars to a climax, shaking the whole house just at a vital moment.
There is a brilliant view from the window, which is behind the TV, but then all our windows have brilliant views of lush fields, wild fells and, behind them, three lakes, three pearls on a string.
I was waiting for the England-France game, checking my vital supplies. I have every free Euro 2004 wallchart published so far, four weeks' supply of crisps, peanuts, and an ironic bottle of Mateus Rose for kick-off. Post-ironic, actually.
Mateus Rose was a joke drink when I was a lad writing the Atticus column on the Sunday Times. That was where Mateus Rose was first mentioned in print by one of my predecessors, Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, so he always claimed, saying he was responsible for introducing it to Britain. He was upset he never got a free supply for life.
While looking out of the window, I chanced to see someone walking. They were wearing what looked from the back like a white England shirt. With the walker was a dog. It's Henry, I shouted, jumping up. No, not Thierry Henry. Henry the black Labrador who writes a column in our parish magazine. It must therefore be the vicar - wearing an England shirt. Who says the Church of England is fuddy-duddy. Inger-land, Inger-land.
So I was in a really good mood at kick-off. As were England. Wayne Rooney was remarkable, Ledley King was deadly, Paul Scholes smelled of goals, the whole team was playing good, except Becks, who looked a bit peripheral, a spare tattoo at a biker wedding. They were passing ever so well. Sven's decisions seemed to have paid off. When they got one up, I thought that's it, we'll win now, not just this match, but the European final, the 2006 World Cup final, the play-off against Mars, the whole damn shooting match. Inger-land, Inger-land.
I opened the rose at half-time, which I wasn't going to do until after they'd won. But what the hell, after all those friendly matches where England had been shite and I had been furious with them, now, fair dos, they were showing that they really did have some world-class players, in fact a world-class team, probably win the 2010 World Cup as well. Inger-land.
Now, should I buy some flags for my Jaguar, and a shirt? That was my first thought. Then I thought, could I have imagined it was the vicar, wearing that England shirt? I'd seen it only from behind. It might well just have been plain white.
So I rang the vicarage and spoke to her. Didn't I mention that our vicar is a woman? The Rev Margaret. She was appointed last year and I don't know her very well yet, though we are both on the paper round, taking turns to deliver the daily newspapers in our valley. "Er, was that an England shirt I saw you wearing or did my eyes deceive me?"
"It certainly was," she said. And not ironically either. She is a keen fan, follows Newcastle United and England. She played hockey as a girl, then she was a physiotherapist, so a sporty type. I asked if she had flags on her car as well. "No, I think that would be too much and might scandalise the valley."
So what did she predict, not the Next Life and all that, but the footer? "Oh, France are so strong, if they beat England, they could go all the way."
It looks as if she will be right. I went to bed so choked, so depressed after England caved in, but I awoke with a smile, thinking about the vicar in her England shirt.


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5 Seconds of Summer: Rock Out With Your Socks Out Tour
Pop punk sensations 5 Seconds of Summer announced today their massive 2015 Rock Out With Your Socks Out Tour!
BREAKING: Country Legend Garth Brooks Announces World Tour!
Garth Brooks announced today that he will release a new album, and hit the road for a world tour!
Paul McCartney Postpones June U.S. Tour After Illness
After postponing multiple tour dates in Asia following a virus infection there last month, Paul McCartney has done the same for a string of concerts in North America, per his doctors' advice.
Kory Chats With "Jersey Boys" Actor Nicolas Dromard
I got a chance to chat with Jersey Boys cast member Nicolas Dromard about the tour, and the upcoming film!
Jay And Bey Star In Mock Movie Trailer For Upcoming Concert
Over the weekend, Jay-Z's label Roc Nation posted a faux movie trailer to help promote their nearing "On the Run" tour. The 3:45 video features a slew of celebs including Jake Gyllenhaal, Blake Lively, Don Cheadle and […]
Lady Gaga Takes A Shot At Katy Perry
Katy Perry kicked off her Prismatic world tour last week, and her on-stage antics are already making waves. Part of her act includes sticking her finger down her throat and dripping green paint from her mouth. […]
#KoryatDisney: Why Walt Disney World Is My Hometown
I will be taking the show on the road to the Walt Disney World Resort, a place I consider home…here's why!
Leigh Ann: Lorde Postpones Upcoming Tour Due To Chest Infection
Lorde is taking some much needed time off. Doctor's orders. The teenage singer has been forced to cancel her upcoming Australian tour so that she can head home to New Zealand for "immediate rest and recuperation in […]
Adam Lambert Will Join Queen On Upcoming North American Tour
It's finally happened, Queen is bringing Adam Lambert on tour with them.
Bigfoot Hunter Goes On Tour With Dead Beast
Oh, come on. Is anyone really falling for this? It looks more like a Chewbacca costume to me.


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Experts being dismantling Syrian chemical programBy RYAN LUCAS
The Associated Press | October 07,2013BEIRUT International disarmament experts on Sunday began dismantling and destroying Syrias chemical weapons arsenal and the equipment used to produce it, taking the first concrete step in their colossal task of eliminating the countrys chemical stockpile by mid-2014, an official said.
The inspectors from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons have about nine months to purge President Bashar Assads regime of its chemical program. The mission, endorsed by the U.N. Security Council, faces the tightest deadline in the watchdog groups history and must simultaneously navigate Syrias bloody civil war.
Sunday marked the fifth day that an advance team of around 20 inspectors have been in the country and the first day that involved actually disabling and destroying weapons and machinery, an official on the joint OPCW-U.N. mission said.
The production equipment included filling and mixing machinery, some of it mobile, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.
The Syrians are responsible for the actual physical demolition of the materials, while OPCW inspectors monitor the process and verify what is being destroyed, the official said. He declined to provide details or say where the work took place.
This is just the beginning of a complicated process to eliminate Syrias estimated 1,000-ton chemical weapons stockpile and the facilities that created it. Damascus developed its chemical program in the 1980s and 1990s, building an arsenal that is believed to contain mustard gas and the nerve agents sarin VX and tabun.
The production and storage facilities are understood to be scattered around the country.
The OPCW-U.N. advance team arrived last week to lay the foundations for a broader operation of nearly 100 inspectors. Those already in Syria have been double-checking the Assad regimes initial disclosure of what weapons and chemical precursors it has and where they are located.
Members of the team are planning visits to every location where chemicals or weapons are stored from trucks loaded with munitions up to full-on production sites.MORE IN Wire NewsNEW YORK A 79-year-old former New York accounting firm executive who did work for some of... Full StoryATHENS, Greece Greece lurched into uncharted territory and an uncertain future in Europes... Full Story
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Situated 12 miles from the historic downtown Spring City, this hotel is 13 miles from the Bryan College, 30 miles from the Lost Sea, and 32 miles from
Find great deals on quality hotels & resorts in Spring City Tennessee, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our hotels and resorts in Spring City Tennessee and plan your Spring City Tennessee vacation today!


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Easier than tomato sauce and chili sauce (and cheaper): use 2 cups catsup.
Going to give this a try for supper tonight!
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Build thread blah blah blah R75/6 "Ernst"
View Single Post
Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Jun 2010
Location: Behind the Redwood Curtain
Oddometer: 1,508
And the machinist ran the hone through the cylinder and pronounced it CRAP. We're going to bore it out.
I brought the sump extension to my local airhead guy and he spot faced the holes that had gotten funked up from running loose. I've just gotta make a coupla gaskets and put it back together mit Loctite and the sump can go back on.
Meanwhile, progress continues. I made a fixture for my dial indicator to check parallelosity of the fork stanchions, and in so doing I became acquainted with a previously unknown to me local resource--the Boiler Works!
I needed a short piece of 2" AL angle thick enough that I could tap it M8 through the bend and I was not finding it at the hardware store nor at the machinist. The machinist sent me to Boiler Works, which was not far from home. They had buttloads of all sorts of metal bits and hooked me up with this remnant for less than $3:
I'm now looking for projects around the house that will require a trip to Boiler Works just so I can walk around the BIG room full o' metal some more.
All drilled and tapped and indicator installed:
And checking the fork. Top:
And bottom:
I'm pretty happy with <.001, and it was still straight in the plate glass plane. Someday I'll be able to start with the sliders and front wheel.
After that it was time to put the top of the fork together. I was a little surprised to find that BMW relied on the chassis ground all the way out to the front turnsignals. I had to check continuity at every step before I believed it, and I had to remove the PC on the TS stalks to get continuity in the pods.
Once that was together it was time to monkey with the headlight bucket and the main harness. Success! I'll probably install the battery with a coupla jumpers to check the lights and whatnot:
But there is trouble. I don't have a good picture of where the wires connect on the starter relay because they were all the same color (coppery green) when it came apart due to the leaky MC. When I cleaned the relay I was distressed to find that there were no DIN numbers on the bottom. Can any one tell me what goes where on this thing?
Last pic is as if you removed the screws that hold it to the frame and tilted it up to see it. Any help much appreciated and I'll fax you a beer.
Call me Mel. Some years ago- never mind how long precisely- having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me at home, I thought I would ride about a little and see the other parts of the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regulating the circulation.
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I have got to find a way to edit pics I grab from off the net. I keep getting some awesome banners but they are just too effin big to stick in my sig :(
I'm Mr Briiightsiiiide.
I'm gonna watch Looper today.So excited :)
Yeah, I just woke up so I posted something completely random. My heads been all over the place. #FuckEssays
Sweet, Mass Effect Trilogy is coming to ps3


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Taken at the MagX labs in 1965, this is an actual photo of the first flexible magnetic sheeting ever produced. This technological breakthrough not only marked our beginning but also gave birth to the entire flexible magnetic sheeting industry itself. Now, fifty years later, MagX continues to be the global leader in flexible magnetic technology. MagX not only has a proud heritage, we are also proud of the company we keep:
It's widely known that we produce the highest quality product available for signage, digital imaging, point-of-purchase and desktop printing. MagX printable magnetic sheeting beats the competition hands down in comparison testing.
Use MagX Magnetically Receptive products with MagX Magnetic Sheeting to create incredible changeable graphics for retail, POP, signage, displays, exhibits and menus just to name a few.
For the expanding retail trade, we offer a complete line of retail packaged magnets including magnetic business cards and magnetic tape custom packaged with your logo and ready for your retail display.
We print, die cut and package promotional magnets of any shape and size exclusively for the promotional products trade. So if orders are piling up contact us for extremely competitive prices and quick delivery times.
MagX offers wide-ranging global sourcing services. Whether it be Mexico City, Saigon, Shanghai, Tokyo or Toronto…with have operations in most every corner of the world and can help you with all your sourcing needs.
We are proud of our people too. MagX employs over four hundred people worldwide. These are some of the most tenured individuals in the industry who have years of in-depth knowledge and hands on experience. And we offer something you won't find with most other companies these days, our personal customer service; it's second to none.
We hope you find our new 2015 website edition inviting and informative. If you require any additional information or assistance, please feel free to contact us toll free at 1-800-979-1150 and experience The Power of X for yourself.


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You are here
Home » French » French Casserole » Cassoulet » Simple Cassoulet » Beef And Bean Cassoulet
Beef And Bean Cassoulet
16 Feb 2011
|Tomato sauce with chopped onion
|8 Ounce (1 can)
|Dry red wine
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Dried basil
|1⁄2 Teaspoon, crushed
|1 Clove (5 gm), minced
|Canned great northern beans
|15 Ounce, drained
|Cubed cooked beef
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|Polish sausage
|6 Ounce, cut in 1/2 inch slices (2 links)
|Cold water
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|All purpose flour
|1 Tablespoon
|Snipped parsley
|2 Tablespoon
In a 3-quart casserole combine the tomato sauce, wine, salt, basil, and garlic.
Micro-cook, uncovered, till mixture bubbles, about 5 minutes, stirring once.
Stir in the beans, beef, and sausage.
Micro-cook, covered, till meat and beans are heated through, about 5 minutes, stirring twice.
Stir water into the flour; blend into bean-meat mixture.
Micro-cook, uncovered, till mixture is thickened and bubbly, about 1 minute, stirring every 30 seconds.
Serve in bowls.
Sprinkle with parsley.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Main Dish
Cook Time:45 Minutes
Rate It
0 Comments
Beef And Bean Cassoulet Recipe


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Designing the Support Structure for Server Clusters
Updated: March 28, 2003
Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2
A server cluster depends on network connectivity for communication with clients and end users, and for intra-cluster configuration information between nodes. The other fundamental requirement for a server cluster is storage ¯ the storage of application information that is shared and failed over between nodes, and the storage of cluster configuration data. Note that your storage design, in addition to providing sufficient storage capacity, must be able to deliver information to the cluster in a timely and efficient manner.
Before you design the support structure for your server clusters, assemble the information that you collected during the steps outlined earlier in this chapter, including:
Usage statistics, such as the number of users and clients who will be using applications running on your clusters.
The number of clusters you plan to run on your network, and the number of nodes in each cluster.
The amount of storage your applications need.
The scalability needs in your organization, particularly projections for anticipated growth in storage needs and network traffic in the near future.
Figure 7.14 shows the high-level process for analyzing your network and infrastructure needs.
Figure 7.14 Designing the Support Structure for Server Clusters
All storage and networking solutions for a server cluster must be supported by Microsoft. For more information about qualified storage and networking solutions, see the Windows Catalog link on the Web Resources page at http://www.microsoft.com/windows/reskits/webresources.


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CBS Takes Key Adult Demo for Second Monday in a Row
CBS won its second consecutive Monday in viewers, adults 18-49 and adults 25-54, led by increases by HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER, MIKE & MOLLY and HAWAII FIVE-0, according to Nielsen preliminary live plus same day ratings for Dec. 17.
A one-hour HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER broadcast was second in households (5.4/08), viewers (8.66m), adults 25-54 (3.9/09), adults 18-49 (3.4/09) and adults 18-34 (3.0/09). Compared to last week's half-hour episode, HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER was up +6% in adults 18-49 (from 3.2/09), +7% in adults 18-34 (from 2.8/08) and was even in adults 25-54.
2 BROKE GIRLS was second in households (6.2/09), viewers (10.16m), adults 25-54 (4.4/10), adults 18-49 (3.5/09) and adults 18-34 (2.6/07).
MIKE & MOLLY was first in households (6.7/10), viewers (10.80m), adults 25-54 (4.4/10) and adults 18-49 (3.3/08). Compared to the last first-run episode (Dec. 3, 2012), MIKE & MOLLY was up +5% in households (from 6.4/10), +2% in adults 25-54 (from 4.3/09), +6% in adults 18-49 (from 3.1/08) and added +570,000 viewers (from 10.23m, +5%).
At 10:00 PM, HAWAII FIVE-0 was first in households (6.5/11), viewers (10.29m), adults 25-54 (3.2/08) and adults 18-49 (2.4/06). Compared to last week, HAWAII FIVE-0 was up +2% in households (from 6.4/10) and added +450,000 viewers (from 9.84m, +5%).
For the night, CBS was first in households (6.1/09), viewers (9.81m), adults 25-54 (3.8/09) and adults 18-49 (3.1/08). CBS won Monday in viewers, adults 25-54 and adults 18-49 for the second straight week.
Updated Monday ratings will be available later today.
About Author
- CNBC to Air THE MAKING OF DIG, the USA Network Event Series, 3/1
- NBC to Air One-Hour Season Finale of CHRISTINA MILIAN TURNED UP, 3/1
- NBC Universo to Present ROMEO SANTOS DESDE VINA Concert Exclusive, 3/1
- Kelly Clarkson to Visit CBS SUNDAY MORNING, 3/1
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- NBC Sports to Air Coverage of U.S. GRAND PRIX FROM PARK CITY
- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


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Rafskinna is a cutting edge Icelandic visual art magazine, bilingual in English and Icelandic. It features short-films, documentaries, live performances, art, music videos and more, by Icelandic and international artists. Among artists that Rafskinna has worked with, or presented works by are Björk, Múm, Grizzly Bear, Arcade Fire, Jimi Tenor, Nico Muhly, Ragnar Kjartansson, Psychic TV, GusGus, Ghostigital and Emiliana Torrini.
For more information see nordiskpanorama.com.
Börnin okkarKristján Loðmfjörð / 8 minRemix of the Icelandic classic Börn Náttúrunnar by Friðrik Þór Friðriksson.
Tony Conrad: DreaMinimalistMarie Losier / 25 minA portrait of the avant-garde director Tony Conrad.
Empty SpaceNico Muhly / 4 minLive performance, produced by Rafskinna.
Did You See my Fathers Grave?Jukka Kärkkäinen / 4 minA portrait of Helsinki.
Statistics of CopenhagenMichael Madsen / 2 minA portrait of Copenhagen.
MansöngurInga Birgisdóttir / 1 minVideo by Inga Birgisdóttir,
The Secrets of Hreinn FriðfinnssonHreinn Friðfinnsson / 10 minDocumentary on the artist Hreinn Friðfinnsson´s secret collection. Produced by Rafskinna.
Aimex-vous avec ferveurHrafnhildur Arnardóttir / 2 minRecording of the instillation of the artist Hrafnhildur Arnardóttir aka Shoplifter and avaf, in a large streetlevel window of MOMA, Museum of Modern Art in New York.
HvalalífKristján Loðmfjörð / 8 minA remix of the Icelandic classic Nýtt Líf by Þráinn Bertelsson.
Throwing Paint Tins off the RoofVibeke Bryld / 21 minA poetic documentary about community, architecture and social changes.
Emilíana Torrini – 200 KópEmilíana Torrini / 5 minEmiliana gives Rafskinna a glimps into her childhood in Kópavogur.
Up and About AgainSuomi Vuäänäen / 10 minAn experimental film about negotiating the road of life.
Drumsolo: Ólafur Björn ÓlafssonÓlafur Björn Ólafsson / 3 minÓlafsson is a drummer who has played with various bands. Among others: Múm, Emiliana Torrini, Kanada,Unun and Yukatan.
Printed of the web Reykjvik Art Museum, www.reykjvikartmuseum.is 04.59.2015


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Press Release 05-191 Chemistry Meets Computer, Data and Networking Technologies
NSF announces first cyber-enabled chemistry awards
Chemistry meets computer, data and networking technologies in cyber-enabled chemistry awards.
Credit and Larger Version
November 1, 2005
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has announced the first round of grants in "cyber-enabled chemistry," a program developed by its chemistry division to explore how researchers and educators in that field can fully exploit the potential of cyberinfrastructure.
The lead principal investigators for the four awards include two researchers in separate projects at the University of California, Berkeley, and one each at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and The Pennsylvania State University. The awards represent a combined investment of about $10 million over a 5-year period, including co-funding from NSF's former Division of Shared Cyberinfrastructure.
"Cyberinfrastructure" is an umbrella term meant to encompass the vast webs of computer, data and networking technologies that have infiltrated every aspect of modern life, and that are now beginning to revolutionize science and engineering research.
The goal of the cyber-enabled chemistry program--formally known as Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities: Cyberinfrastructure and Research Facilities--is to ensure that chemists can take full advantage of that revolution. In particular, the program seeks to
Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities: Cyberinfrastructure and Research Facilities Awards for 2005
Cyberinfrastructure for Next-Generation Biomolecular ModelingLead PI: Teresa Head-Gordon, University of California, Berkeley,firstname.lastname@example.com participants in this project include Teresa Head-Gordon and Martin Head-Gordon of the University of California at Berkeley, Vijay Pande of Stanford University, and Jay Ponder of Washington University. They will seek to develop and validate new ways of simulating biological molecules. They will publicly distribute the resulting software. And they will offer workshops to teach these tools to the research community at large.
Media Contacts
M. Mitchell Waldrop, NSF, (703) 292-7752, firstname.lastname@example.com
Program Contacts
Celeste Rohlfing, NSF, (703) 292-4962, email@example.com
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2015, its budget is $7.3 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 48,000 competitive proposals for funding, and makes about 11,000 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $626 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: http://www.nsf.gov
NSF News: http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media: http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/
Awards Searches: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/


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At Bethel Mill Animal Hospital, we strive for a warm and friendly relationship with you and your pet. This page highlights the staff - our training, experience and dedication to veterinary medicine.
Dr. Robin Love grew up in Sewell and graduated from Clearview High school. She continued her education with a degree in Chemistry from Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, graduating Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa. She then obtained her doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine in Philadelphia. She began practicing locally upon graduation in 1989 and has pursued continuing education throughout the years. Her special interest is surgery and she performs multiple soft tissue and selected orthopedic procedures. She has studied at the Dental Center in Baltimore and performs surgical tooth extractions and select oral surgeries. She is also certified to perform PennHip radiographs.
In 1999, she realized a lifelong dream and opened Bethel Mill Animal Hospital with the help and support of her husband. Dr. Love has two children, Christian and Sarah, who are both attending college. She also shares her home with two Persian cats, Mischief and Serenity. Dr. Love is a devoted Flyers fan. She and her husband also enjoy golfing and entertaining.
Dr. Rebecca Fulton,a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, has been practicing at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital since 2002.
She has a professional interest in animal rehabilitation and is a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Practitioner. She is the proud owner of a canine rehabilitation and conditioning facility. (V-Crest.com)
Dr. Fulton dedicates much of her time to her bullmastiffs, which she shows in AKC conformation events. In her breeding program she aims to maintain the highest standard of conformation and personality, while improving the health and longevity of the breed. In addition, she is actively involved in bullmastiff rescue.
Dr. Fulton resides in Burlington County with her husband, her two children, and a house full of bullmastiffs.
Becky began her veterinary career at Pennsuaken Animal Hospital. She then spent 4 years working at a local 24 hour emergency hospital where she met Dr. Love. After studying at Camden County College's Veterinary Technician Program she passed her New Jersey Technician Boards in June of 1998. She has been with Bethel Mill since it opened in 1999. Becky has been trained at the Animal Dental Center in Maryland, and does more than 20 hours of CE biannually to keep up her state licensing. She supervises the technicians and veterinary assistants, does the scheduling and inventory, and has a special interest in client education and emergency medicine.
Becky lives in Sewell with her husband Greg and 2 daughters, Faith and Leah. Her furry family includes a rescue shih tzu (Meatloaf), A rescue tea cup Yorkie (Bunny), and cats (Pickles, Noodles and Blue), and the "kitties". Her free time is devoted to raising her family, singing in her church's praise band, her personal band Stained Glass and keeping up with Walking Dead.
In 1997, Emily began her career in veterinary medicine at a small animal clinic in Pennsuaken NJ. During that time she was attending Camden County College and earned her Associate's degree in Animal Science. After completing her certification in 2001, Emily joined the team at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital. Further educating herself in this field, she attended a course at University of Tennessee for canine rehabilitation. She completed her certification as a CCRP (Certified Canine Rehab Practitioner) in 2009. Emily has also taken continuing education courses at Animal Dental Center with Dr. Ira Luskin in Maryland. Her main passion is surgery and typically, you will find Emily assisting in surgery 4 days a week. During her free time, she cares for her Bullmastiff rescue, "Moses" and her geriatric cat "Sandy". Emily became a mom in 2011 and enjoys spending lots of time with her family and caring for her daughter. She is also a bit of a social media junkie and keeps our Facebook page active.
Arlette is a graduate of Camden County College. She graduated from the Animal Science program in 1998 and has over 15 years experience as a veterinary technician. She has been with us since 2006. She has a Chihuahua Ziggy, and Olde English Bulldog Bruiser, and two cats Napoleon and Luna. We call her the Chihuahua whisperer because of her great love for the breed. She met her husband Brad here at Bethel Mill and they were married in April 2013 after dating for 4 years. Arlette's passion is dentistry. She is our top dental technician and is more than happy to talk to our clients about their pet's dental health. Arlette often fosters dogs for adoption, and is frequently busy providing pet sitting services for many of our clients.
Christine began working in the veterinary field at just 16. She graduated from Harcum College in May of 2012 with a degree in Animal Center Management. She then worked with exotic animals at a practice in Aston PA for a year and a half before coming to Bethel Mill. Christine resides in Chester PA with her rescue beagle Demi. She enjoys horseback riding and and teaching riding lessons.
Hilary has always had a passion for animals, but began her professional career at a family-owned insurance agency after initialy earning a degree in business. It wasn't until 2009 that she initiated her path into veterinary medicine. She started as a veterinary assistant shortly after enrolling in Camden County College and later graduated Summa cum Laude in the Applied Science of Veterinary Technology program. She also works part-time at Mid-Atlantic Equine Medical Center as a treatment technician and dedicates additional hours to the neonatal intensive care unit during foal season.
Hilary owns two horses, Digger, her retired show jumper and Como, a youngster she purchased while still at his mother's side. Just for fun, she also has a mini donkey named Poncho. She resides with her beloved dog Belle in Barnsboro, NJ. She spends most of her free time in Chester County, PA horseback riding but always reserves time for family and friends
Oscar graduated from Clearview Regional High School in June of 2012, and is currently a Cellular/Molecular Biology major at Appalachian State College in North Carolina. Oscar has a strong passion for animals, and is pursuing a career in Veterinary Medicine. He interned at the Philadelphia zoo this past summer and is enjoying college, but he loves coming home and working at Bethel Mill during his breaks. He hopes to use his expierence here to build a strong base for his future endeavors.
Dot is a 2010 graduate of Camden County College Veterinary Technology Program. She passed the national exam the same year, and shortly after found employment at Bethel Mill. Although she loves all types of animals, German Shepherd dogs and Appaloosa horses hold a special place in her heart. She is currently active in the sport of Schutzhund with emphasis on the tracking phase, a test of the dog's ability to find lost articles using it's sense of smell.
Nicole, a graduate of VFCC, joined our team in early 2013. She started her career in veterinary medicine at South Brunswick Animal Hospital in 2004. Some of her special interests include animal behavior, animal nutritional counseling, and fostering (especially pets with behavior issues). Nicole is an active member of Therapy Dogs International; she and her German Shepherd, Blitz, enjoy visiting children with special needs. In July 2012, Nicole wed the love of her life, Daniel, and the happy couple spends lots of time training and socializing their dog, Dixie. Nicole's extended furry family includes a Golden Retriever, Chance, a German Shepherd, Blitz, a Pitbull Mix, Copper, and 2 friendly felines. During her down time she enjoys visiting her human (and furry) family in North Jersey.
Donnalee studied at Camden County College's Animal Science Program and has been a receptionist in the veterinary field since 1996. She has been with Bethel Mill Animal Hospital since their first year of business in 1999. She and her husband, live on a small horse and chicken farm. They love trail riding, games, and working cows. She spends her free time with her husband and children. They all keep her life busy and rewarding. She also enjoys boating, fishing, and ATV riding and racing. Her true passion is for animals. She has fostered many dogs, kittens, and even horses over the years. For her, there is nothing more rewarding than finding a loving home for a pet.
Alyce has been working at BMAH since 1999. Prior to that, she worked at a regular practice/24 hour emergency hospital for 8 years while studying at Camden County College's Animal Science Program.
After losing her doggie soul-mate, Biscuit in 2012, she adopted a new rescue puppy. She's a Dachshund/Yorkshire Terrier mix named Daphne. Biscuit was a mellow laboratory-to-leash Beagle, and Daphne has presented quite the challenge after not having raised a puppy since the early 90's! Puppies are a LOT of work!!! She recently adopted rescue kitten named Spooky. They both enjoy their Wednsday morning coffee with Mom. Her non-furry, 2 legged kids are sons, Ryan and Ethan.
Alyce enjoys cheering on (and suffering with!) Philadelphia sports teams. She goes to home and away Phillies games, Eagles, Flyers, and Union games. Along with games, she has enjoyed Eagles Training Camp every year, and the Baseball, Football, and Boxing Hall of Fames.
Not much of a cold weather fan, she also enjoys going to the shore as much as possible!!
Judy has been at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital since it opened in 1999. She has her degree in Education. She and her husband Ray reside in Alloway and have enjoyed wonderful success breeding Labradors since 1985, many who have become clients here at BMAH. She has 3 children and is blessed with 6 grandkids! Judy enjoys kayaking, biking and gardening, but her real passion is interior design. She spends the majority of her free time taking care of retired Ray and her four Labs. Bentley her 2 year old male is about to embark on his career in the show ring.
Michelle has been a receptionist at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital since 2008. She manages her farm, Lodgetown Acres, in Sewell, with her husband John and her three boys - Matthew, and twins Sean and John along with her dog Buzz. She enjoys riding and caring for horses. She has a special interest in photography and she captured all of the beautiful pictures of the staff and hospital for our website. During the summers she spends as much of her time as possible at the beach in Surf City LBI.
Carol joined the reception staff at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital in 2009. Her previous work experiences had always emphasized customer service. She primarily works the evening shift, and keeps up with her travel agency business during the day. Carol is also the director of the "Phillie Phantastics", planning and escorting group trips to watch the Phillies play at opposing ballparks. When Carol is not working or traveling, she enjoys having fun with her grandsons, Chase and Blake, along with their basset hound, Murphy.
Maria has been a receptionist at Bethel Mill Animal Hospital since 2013. Prior to joining Bethel Mill Maria was a receptionist at a clinical laboratory and a manager at a retail pharmacy. Maria and her husband Mac reside in Gloucester County. When not working her interests include baking treats for the staff, hiking, biking, and spending time with family. In 2013 they lost Timber, a shepherd-husky mix who "was the best dog ever" and had been a member of their family since they adopted her in 2003.


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"We've rediscovered listening to music on vinyl over the past year and we really think it's a great way to hear the music in the way the artists intended it to be made," says keyboardist and co-founding member Marc Cazorla. "Albums were created with an emphasis on listening from start to finish, and that's what we were hoping to accomplish. If someone doesn't have a bunch of records or a turntable, we'd love for them to start their collection with us," adds co-founder, guitarist and vocalist Alex Stiff.
Based upon a love of Moogs, the sound of a real Fender Rhodes electric piano and vintage Fender amps, the collective sound is a reflection of things old and new. The Frequency cite Pink Floyd, Air, and Mogwai as just a few influential groups. Their self-titled EP was released last February through Ropeadope Digital and a new song called "Stars" appears in the final scene and credits of the major motion picture "The Eye" starring Jessica Alba.
The Frequency look forward to returning to many of the cities they first visited last year while supporting groups as diverse as Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Lotus, in addition to introducing their huge sound to new venues and audiences. The Frequency will share the stage with an exciting group of bands including Greyboy Allstars, Scissors For Lefty and Future Rock before making a stop at the Wanee Festival in Florida. The group reunites with Lotus once again as support for their show at The Fillmore at Irving Plaza in New York City.
3/07/08: San Francisco, CA @ Yerba Buena Performing Arts Center
3/13/07: Los Angeles, CA @ Crash Mansion
3/25/08: Boulder, CO @ Trilogy Lounge
3/26/08: Lawrence, KS @ The Bottleneck
3/27/08: Columbia, MO @ Mojo's
3/28/08: Chicago, IL @ Kinetic Playground (w/Toubab Krewe)
3/29/08: Rochester, NY @ Water Street Music Hall
3/30/08: Toronto, Ontario @ Savannah Room
4/01/08: Poughkeepsie, NY @ Vassar College (The Mug)
4/02/08: Boston, MA @ The Middle East
4/03/08: Northampton, MA @ Iron Horse Music Hall (w/ Future Rock)
4/04/08: Princeton, NJ @ Princeton University (Terrace Club)
4/05/08: New York, NY @ The Fillmore at Irving Plaza (w/ Lotus)
4/08/08: Philadelphia, PA @ Manhattan Room
4/09/08: Chapel Hill, NC @ Local 506
4/10/08: Athens, GA @ Georgia Theater (w/ Greyboy Allstars)
4/11/08: Live Oak, FL @ Wanee Music Festival
4/12/08: Austin, TX @ Stubb's (w/ Future Rock)
4/13/08: Dallas, TX @ House Of Blues (w/ Future Rock)
4/17/08: Los Angeles, CA @ Safari Sam's (w/ Scissors For Lefty)
5/23/08: Los Alamos, NM @ Summer Concert Series
5/24/08: Moab, UT @ Desert Rocks Festival
i just checked out myspace.com/thefrequencymusic... these guys are damn good indeed. cheese can stay retired for all i care as long as there's groups like the frequency around.
I saw these guys open for Lotus last year. I was very impressed.
Check them out!
Frequency and Lotus at the Fillmore is going to be incredible. People gotta check these guys out. Really unique style, chill vibe, and put on a great show. See you in NY.
With Lotus in New York Fuckin' City on my Earthday, 4/5. (Insert played out Borat impression here) Nnnnniiiiicccccceeeeeee!!!!
ok so i wish to partially retract my previous comment. the thought of cheese retiring fills me with such deep sadness that i cannot even joke about it. there is an emptiness in the pit of my soul, one that can only be filled by string cheese. now, dont get me wrong, the frequency are fuckin awesome, unlike most of the hackers that call themselves musicians but in reality couldnt even carry michael kangs mini guitar (i'm talking to you, artists 'arcade fire through zilla' on my itunes). please, bill nershi, if you're reading this (and as i gaze up into the sky, i know that you are), come back immediately! how about this fall? my schedule is open, as is yours. see you then.
I also saw these guys open for Lotus. The Frequency blew Lotus away! I've been waiting for this tour announcement ever since!
Not that Lotus impresses me, but I saw these guys and they impressed me less. if you like bublegum pop with some electronic noises you may like it but others even do that better...
knowing these guys personally and professionally, i can say with bias of course, that their sound was hot to Andy Horowitz at Ropeadope Records (I think he has a history of a good ear...) and to many who have seen them live either with Lotus or with BRMC. I tell ya, the most impressive thing i dig about this band is NOT the L.A. music connections (ie- quincy jones) or the crazy spacey sound that manages to maintain energy; It's their ability to cross-over musical demographics in fanBase. I don't care who you are or what you listen to: You will walk away happy you listened to The Frequency. Cheers. I'll be seeing these cats in Rochester.


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IsoFlex Means Maximum Vibration Isolation
IsoFlex is a leading producer of vibration isolation and modern polymer technology for marine and industrial applications, where engine and drive line vibration are a common problem. IsoFlex engine mounts, machinery mounts and flexible couplings provide superior performance and longevity because they specifically resist fuels, oils and water.
Using a more stable polymer than what is found in comparable products, IsoFlex's professional engineers design and manufacture engine mounts and flexible gearbox couplings that result in at least 85% vibration isolation at the worst case engine idle scenario.
Choose IsoFlex to:
- Isolate drive line vibration, propeller pulse and gear chatter.
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Why choose the IsoFlex MAXImount System?
Why choose the IsoFlex GearGuard Coupling?
What's New?
IsoFlex superstructure and wheelhouse mounts isolate any vibration transmitted to the wheelhouse and cabin from a vessel's hull,...October, 2014
Sydney Harbour Ferry improves its passenger experience with IsoFlex mounting system: Passengers will find nothing less than the smoothest...October, 2014
IsoFlex has delivered vibration control solutions to Amaroo Cruises, the Forster, New South Wales cruise tour operator that offers...October, 2014


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'Rift on the Shadowfell'
Delphina Moongem
Elven Florist in the Market Square of Winterhaven
One of the few elves who live in WinterHaven, Daphnie left her wilderness home for an "urban" lifestyle, if you can call Winterhaven urban.
She collects flowers that only come to bloom in Northern Parts of Craigorne Peaks. While collecting these flowers there, she noticed the ruined Keep north of Winterhaven was swarmed with goblins. Informing the party of this, they thanked her and went on their way.


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I have reached the point in my life where my "memory" is as reliable as the weather in our fair commonwealth. If I don't put it in my phone or slap a note on the wall I can and will forget. I'm constantly feeling the startling shock of awareness that I have forgotten something; and that something is usually critical to my well being. My kids have learned to remind me repeatedly of things I've forgotten or they know I will forget. They have been down this particular road too many times to not accommodate their mother's leaky memory.
On Friday June 19 Kentucky State Police Post 5 Campbellsburg will be hosting the 2015 Trooper Island Golf Scramble at the Henry County Country Club.
Entry fee is $65.00 per person or $260.00 per team of four. Registration the week of and walk ups is $75.00 per person and $300.00 per team. The price includes green fees, cart, and lunch. All proceeds go to fund Kentucky State Police Trooper Island.
Sligo church to host Handshakes and Pancakes
My friend Mike loves kitschy stuff and he loves God. So, anything that combines kitsch and God is a slice of heaven to him.
Recently, someone gave him a Moses and the Ten Commandments clock. Moses, holding a stone tablet in each arm, is looking off into the distance, all holy-like, and there's lightning behind him.
Every hour, but not quite on the hour, the clock will play some light piano music and a voice — could be God, could be Moses — announces a commandment. "Thou shalt not kill" or "Honor your father and mother."
June 20, 1985 (30 Years Ago)
Strawberry diseases and trickling irrigation kept the attention of a group of horticulturists from all over the Louisville area during a field trip in Trimble county last Friday. Sponsored by the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, the trip focused on problems and solutions in strawberry renovation, disease control, trickling irrigation, and other farm concerns. Specialists from the University of Kentucky traveled with the group of about 15 to various parts of Bray Orchards to inspect tomato, pepper, and raspberry fields.
The approval of new laws may be a wintertime activity, but in most cases, this legislation doesn't actually take effect until the heat of summer.
Unless a law has an emergency clause or a specific enactment date, it becomes official 90 days after the General Assembly completes its work. This year, that falls on June 24th.
At a recent House Rules committee hearing, one of my colleagues from New York declared that the potholes in the roads in her district are so bad, "you can lose your car in them." Kentuckians and Americans from all over the country agree. It is long past time that something was done to address the deplorable state of the highways and infrastructure in this country.
Copyright © 2015
The Trimble Banner is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Trimble County, KY and the surrounding area.


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This plugin adds a widget to display a list of posts in the WordPress sidebar.
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Enlarge Cover
Listening Library (Audio) | Nov 25, 2008
| 535 Minutes
| Middle Grade (8-12)
Listening Library (Audio)
| Nov 25, 2008
| 535 Minutes
| Middle Grade (8-12)
SIDEWAYS STORIES FROM WAYSIDE SCHOOL–You can imagine the confusion at Wayside School when the builder made a terrible mistake. Instead of building 30 classrooms side-by-side, he built them one on top of another. Maybe that accounts for the wacky goings-on in Mrs. Jewls' class. Where else will you find children being turned into apples, dead rats wearing raincoats, and little girls who try to sell their toes? WAYSIDE SCHOOL IS FALLING DOWN– The teacher pushes the new computer out of the window–what's going on here? It's just a lesson on the laws of gravity. As the outrageous fun continues, the 29 children up on the 30th floor engage in one adventure after another, changing the school routine into something that is far from normal.WAYSIDE SCHOOL GETS A LITTLE STANGER– It's been 243 days since Wayside School has been open for classes. It's taken that long to rid the place of all traces of the cows. When the students finally do return, you can bet all the craziness is back too, including a very strange counselor called Dr. Pickle who has a warped sense of humor. The really big surprises come when Mrs. Jewls leaves to have her baby and the kids get some wacky substitute teachers.
Newbery Award–winning author Louis Sachar is the creator of the entertaining Marvin Redpost books as well as the much-loved There's a Boy in the Girls' Bathroom, winner of 17 child-voted state awards.Louis Sachar's book Holes, winner of the 1999 Newbery… More about Louis Sachar
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