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Stage 1&2
Stage 2&3
Stage 3&4
Stage 4&5
Challenge level:
Let's suppose that you are going to have a magazine which has 16
pages of A5 size. Can you find some different ways to make these
pages? Investigate the pattern for each if you number the pages.
This challenge is to design different step arrangements, which must
go along a distance of 6 on the steps and must end up at 6 high.
Look carefully at the numbers. What do you notice? Can you make
another square using the numbers 1 to 16, that displays the same
In a bowl there are 4 Chocolates, 3 Jellies and 5 Mints. Find a way
to share the sweets between the three children so they each get the
kind they like. Is there more than one way to do it?
Seven friends went to a fun fair with lots of scary rides. They
decided to pair up for rides until each friend had ridden once with
each of the others. What was the total number rides?
On a digital 24 hour clock, at certain times, all the digits are
consecutive. How many times like this are there between midnight
and 7 a.m.?
Sitting around a table are three girls and three boys. Use the
clues to work out were each person is sitting.
There are 78 prisoners in a square cell block of twelve cells. The
clever prison warder arranged them so there were 25 along each wall
of the prison block. How did he do it?
Place eight dots on this diagram, so that there are only two dots
on each straight line and only two dots on each circle.
Put 10 counters in a row. Find a way to arrange the counters into
five pairs, evenly spaced in a row, in just 5 moves, using the
You have two egg timers. One takes 4 minutes exactly to empty and
the other takes 7 minutes. What times in whole minutes can you
measure and how?
How many shapes can you build from three red and two green cubes? Can you use what you've found out to predict the number for four red and two green?
Find all the different shapes that can be made by joining five
equilateral triangles edge to edge.
Katie had a pack of 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20. She arranged
the cards into 6 unequal piles where each pile added to the same
total. What was the total and how could this be done?
How could you put eight beanbags in the hoops so that there are
four in the blue hoop, five in the red and six in the yellow? Can
you find all the ways of doing this?
When intergalactic Wag Worms are born they look just like a cube.
Each year they grow another cube in any direction. Find all the
shapes that five-year-old Wag Worms can be.
Nina must cook some pasta for 15 minutes but she only has a 7-minute sand-timer and an 11-minute sand-timer. How can she use these timers to measure exactly 15 minutes?
What do you notice about the date 03.06.09? Or 08.01.09? This
challenge invites you to investigate some interesting dates
Your challenge is to find the longest way through the network
following this rule. You can start and finish anywhere, and with
any shape, as long as you follow the correct order.
Can you use this information to work out Charlie's house number?
When newspaper pages get separated at home we have to try to sort
them out and get things in the correct order. How many ways can we
arrange these pages so that the numbering may be different?
This task depends on groups working collaboratively, discussing and reasoning to agree a final product.
A merchant brings four bars of gold to a jeweller. How can the
jeweller use the scales just twice to identify the lighter, fake
Can you replace the letters with numbers? Is there only one
solution in each case?
In this challenge, buckets come in five different sizes. If you choose some buckets, can you investigate the different ways in which they can be filled?
Exactly 195 digits have been used to number the pages in a book.
How many pages does the book have?
The Zargoes use almost the same alphabet as English. What does this
birthday message say?
Lolla bought a balloon at the circus. She gave the clown six coins
to pay for it. What could Lolla have paid for the balloon?
How many trapeziums, of various sizes, are hidden in this picture?
What is the smallest number of jumps needed before the white
rabbits and the grey rabbits can continue along their path?
Stuart's watch loses two minutes every hour. Adam's watch gains one
minute every hour. Use the information to work out what time (the
real time) they arrived at the airport.
Only one side of a two-slice toaster is working. What is the
quickest way to toast both sides of three slices of bread?
There were chews for 2p, mini eggs for 3p, Chocko bars for 5p and
lollypops for 7p in the sweet shop. What could each of the children
buy with their money?
The planet of Vuvv has seven moons. Can you work out how long it is
between each super-eclipse?
I was in my car when I noticed a line of four cars on the lane next
to me with number plates starting and ending with J, K, L and M.
What order were they in?
Can you put plus signs in so this is true? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 99
How many ways can you do it?
Ten cards are put into five envelopes so that there are two cards in each envelope. The sum of the numbers inside it is written on each envelope. What numbers could be inside the envelopes?
On a digital clock showing 24 hour time, over a whole day, how many
times does a 5 appear? Is it the same number for a 12 hour clock
over a whole day?
Use your logical-thinking skills to deduce how much Dan's crisps and ice-cream cost altogether.
Use the clues to find out who's who in the family, to fill in the family tree and to find out which of the family members are mathematicians and which are not.
This problem is based on the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. Investigate the different numbers of people and rats there could have been if you know how many legs there are altogether!
Systematically explore the range of symmetric designs that can be
created by shading parts of the motif below. Use normal square
lattice paper to record your results.
Arrange the four number cards on the grid, according to the rules,
to make a diagonal, vertical or horizontal line.
This multiplication uses each of the digits 0 - 9 once and once only. Using the information given, can you replace the stars in the calculation with figures?
There are 4 jugs which hold 9 litres, 7 litres, 4 litres and 2
litres. Find a way to pour 9 litres of drink from one jug to
another until you are left with exactly 3 litres in three of the
What is the date in February 2002 where the 8 digits are
palindromic if the date is written in the British way?
In the planet system of Octa the planets are arranged in the shape
of an octahedron. How many different routes could be taken to get
from Planet A to Planet Zargon?
The Vikings communicated in writing by making simple scratches on
wood or stones called runes. Can you work out how their code works
using the table of the alphabet?
George and Jim want to buy a chocolate bar. George needs 2p more
and Jim need 50p more to buy it. How much is the chocolate bar?
Can you help the children find the two triangles which have the
lengths of two sides numerically equal to their areas?


text:
Originally written on FatManWriting | Last updated 9/7/13
Yusmeiro Petit has been with five major league clubs. He has been in and out of the majors throughout his career. Prior to signing with the San Franciso Giants prior to the 2012 season he was out of the league all together and playing in a Mexican league. He has a career ERA over 5.0 and a win/loss record of 12-20, and nearly joined the ranks of baseball immortality by throwing a perfect game Friday night. He managed to take it into the final inning, and after Chris Owings struck out and Gerardo Parra grounded out to second only Eric Chavez stood between Petit and a perfect game. And then he had to go and hit a single to right field. A.J. Pollock grounded out to third to give the Giants a 3-0 win over the Diamondbacks. For Petit it is an awesome and bittersweet moment all at the same time. On one hand he has to be happy that he just pitched a complete game shutout. On the other hand he had a perfect game--something that has happened only 21 times since 1900-- ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Learn more about McFarlane Toys The Walking Dead TV Series 3 Michonne's Pet Zombie 1 Action Figure:
Manufacturer: McFarlane Toys
Mfg Part#: 14460-14464
Sku: 249813700
Package Weight: 0.15 lbs
Batteries: Not Applicable
See more in Action Figures
|Series 3 of The Walking Dead TV action figures! Robert Kirkman's hit comic, The Walking Dead brought to life on screen and in action figure form! Based off of fan-favorite characters in the AMC TV series! Interchangeable accessories and multiple points of articulation! Connected directly to Michonne's past, she has rendered her walkers harmless by removing their bottom jaw and arms. Now that both Pets are somewhat subdued, she puts them to good use as pack mules and zombie repellant. Both Pets come with removable backpacks, neck chain leash, arms and bottom jaw. Pet 1's backpack comes with a removable shotgun.


text:
Home ⁄ Nutrition ⁄ Performance ⁄ Drinks ⁄ Powders ⁄ EPS Liquid Shot Flask - Vanilla (Item #13U1ST-90307)
1st Endurance EPS Liquid Shot Flask - Vanilla
The EFS Liquid Shot represents the latest collaboration between First Endurance, consumers like you and the most demanding athletes in the world. From the state-of-the-art formula down to the eco-friendly packaging, the EFS Liquid Shot is packed with the latest and greatest from First Endurance. It's called a liquid shot because it doesn't contain gelling agents that can slow down absorption and digestion.
Features include our exclusive 400-calorie supercharged endurance formula that boasts over 1500mg electrolytes, 1000mg amino acids and 100 grams of simple & complex carbohydrates, all in clinically effective doses. Plus, it's packaged in an easy-to-use, resealable, refillable, and fully recyclable container. Also available in a 30-ounce refill.
- 400 high-quality calories
- Over 1500mg electrolytes
- 1000mg of amino acids
- No Gelling Agents
- Resealable, refillable, fully recycleable
No reviews have been written for this product.
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LSE's Turquoise aims to grow block market
The London Stock Exchange is looking at ways to boost block trading volumes on the anonymous market operated by its Turquoise subsidiary, becoming the latest firm to seek new ways for investors to trade on so-called "dark pools" ahead of new regulations.
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text:
Real Madrid Rallies Past Manchester City 3-2 in Champions League
Sept. 19 (Bloomberg) -- Real Madrid scored two goals in the final five minutes to defeat Manchester City 3-2 in soccer's Champions League, while Arsenal won 2-1 at Montpellier.
Cristiano Ronaldo scored in the final minute last night to cap Real's comeback in a matchup of the Spanish and English champions. Karim Benzema tied it for Real two minutes after Aleksandar Kolarov gave City a 2-1 lead in the 85th minute.
"You can't go up 2-1 with five minutes to go and lose," City goalkeeper Joe Hart said in a televised interview with ITV. "We can only blame ourselves."
Lukas Podolski and Gervinho scored first-half goals to give Arsenal the away win in Group B. Porto and Schalke also won away, while AC Milan was held to a scoreless draw by Anderlecht on the opening night of Europe's elite club competition.
Among tonight's eight games, Chelsea begins defense of its title at home against Italian champion Juventus. Bayern Munich, last season's runner-up, is home to Valencia and Spartak Moscow visits Barcelona.
Manchester City looked to have won the Group D match in Madrid when Kolarov's free kick from the right side with five minutes left went untouched through a crowd of bodies and inside the far post.
The lead was short-lived, however, as Benzema took a pass on the edge of the area, spun to his right and fired a low drive past Hart two minutes later. Ronaldo then won it with a low shot from the right.
No Sympathy
"I don't have sympathy -- that's football and we deserved to win," Real coach Jose Mourinho told ITV. "We played a better match from the first minute and deserved it totally."
Real had 56 percent of possession, a 30-8 advantage in shots, 17 of which were on target. Hart finished with 14 saves.
City opened the scoring in the 68th minute on a goal from Edin Dzeko before Marcelo answered for Real eight minutes later.
"It's hard to come off the field after losing 3-2 and be positive," Hart said. "We're not a team that should come here and pat ourselves on the back for doing well."
Group D matches the reigning champions from four of Europe's biggest leagues. In the other game, Germany's Dortmund beat Ajax of the Netherlands 1-0 with an 87th-minute goal from Robert Lewandowski.
Montpellier, making its tournament debut, took a ninth-minute lead against Arsenal in France as Younes Belhanda scored with a penalty kick after being taken down by Thomas Vermaelan.
Quick Goals
The Gunners tied the score in the 16th minute on Podolski's goal and went in front two minutes later as Gervinho scored.
Montpellier dominated the second half, with Remi Cabella hitting the crossbar and Belhanda shooting at goalkeeper Vito Mannone from 10 yards out (9 meters) in the 81st minute.
Arsenal assistant Steve Bould took charge as manager Arsene Wenger began a three-match European ban for comments about the referee following last season's round of 16 loss to AC Milan.
"The second half was tough and we looked physically a little bit tired," Bould said in comments on Arsenal's website. "The crowd got right behind them and it's quite an intimidating place to come and play, so we're glad to get the result."
Also in Group B, Schalke won 2-1 at Olympiacos in Greece. Klaas Jan-Huntelaar got the winning goal a minute after Djamel Abdoun tied the score for the home team in the 58th minute.
Zlatan Ibrahimovic became the first player to score for six different clubs in the Champions League to help Paris Saint-Germain rout Dynamo Kiev 4-1. Thiago Silva and Alex also had first-half goals for PSG.
In the other Group A game, Lucho Gonzalez and Steven Defour scored in Porto's 2-0 win at Dinamo Zagreb
Seven-time champion AC Milan was unable to score against Anderlecht in Group C and has now failed to get a goal in all three home matches this season. Malaga leads the group following a 3-0 home win over Zenit St. Petersburg, with Isco scoring twice.
To contact the reporter on this story: Bob Bensch in London at email@example.com.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Christopher Elser at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
38 year old man | Baltimore, MD, USA | Seeking women 30-60 in Arizona City, Arizona, United States
I will always be cool headed and treat the my woman like the queen of the world..
Am ken williams by name 36 years single..Am a young man that will like to get married to someone that i will love and that will love me as well.I'm a quiet, kind, loyal. A great meaning for me is a human's soul. Circle of my interests is various.I like the literature, music, and cinema. personality traits are calm, honest, kind, loyal, flexible, elegant, sociable, sensitive, gentle, cheerful, optimistic, romantic.My perception of an ideal , I would like to see near me clever, intelligent, and reliable woman. Which would require my emotional heart, capable to like and respect the man.I have to let you know as well, that am an honest person as i have said, and i have to be honest with that, i don't have any girlfriend at present now and am not in any serious relationship.am a great giver because I so much believes in the Multiplied returns and that's why I doesn't lack anything. I never speak negatively about people, I take less and listen more to people and does not jump into other people's affairs.Am very understanding,open minded with a heart of forgiving, loving and caring with sense of humor, hard working with cheerful character,honest,sincere,kind, warm and intelligent with good look
Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering
I don't exercise regularly.
I have Cats, Dogs, Fish
I like Birds, Exotic Pets, Horses, Other
my pets have been so nice and i love them all cos they do keep my company always ..i have a dog name Quincy and 2 cat kiddy and rooks..
I like going to beach,picking the shells of the beach.I smile and laugh a lot, I really enjoy a fun night out, I like go out for dinner, I have excellent taste in restaurants, I like cinemas, and I love nature. I love taking care of my body, mind and
I like going to beach,picking the shells of the beach.I smile and laugh a lot, I really enjoy a fun night out, I like go out for dinner, I have excellent taste in restaurants, I like cinemas, and I love nature. I love taking care of my body.
God first before any other things in life
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|What he is looking for
|5'6" (167cms)
|4'0" (121cms) to 5'4" (162cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Big and beautiful, About average
|Black, Blue
|I'll tell you later
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
I deals with buying and selling of Antiques good and i love my job so much
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$100,001 to $150,000
|Never Married
|Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live away from home
|Wants kids:
|Someday, Not sure, Probably not
|Black / African descent
|No preference
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|High school
|Some college, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
RICHMOND, Va. (January 19, 2010) – James Madison, which returns its entire starting lineup from a year ago, has been picked to win CAA baseball championship in 2010 according to a vote of the league's head baseball coaches.
RICHMOND, Va. (January 19, 2010) – James Madison, which returns its entire starting lineup from a year ago, has been picked to win CAA baseball championship in 2010 according to a vote of the league's head baseball coaches.
By Bob Elliott, Canadian Baseball Network
There was nothing provisional about the swing of third baseman Jesse Sawyer.
Playing his first year of college ball south of the border, Sawyer hit .346 with 19 homers and 58 RBIs in 56 games for the South Dakota State Jackrabbits.
A product of the Prairie Baseball Academy and coach Blair Kubicek, Sawyer had one stretch where he homered in 11 of 13 games for SDSU, in its second season as a provisional NCAA Division I school.
When Atlanta Braves starter Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine filmed the NIKE commercial the key line was delivered by Maddux who said "chicks dig the long ball."
And so do voters.
Sawyer's 19 homers led the 711 Canadians playing south of the border in 2009 and he also led all vote getters in balloting for the 10th annual All-Canadian College Team. Sawyer had 33 first-place votes and was named on 43 of 49 ballots to win our unofficial player of the year award.
Continue reading 2009 All-Canadian College Team: South Dakota State's Jesse Sawyer is head of the class
Here is your Early Signing Classes releases for November 19th.
Rutgers Baseball Announces 2010-2011 Recruiting Class
PISCATAWAY, N.J. (November 19, 2009) – Rutgers head baseball coach Fred Hill has announced the signing of seven scholastic standouts to National Letters of Intent.
The group includes infielder Nick Favatella (Washington Township, N.J.), outfielders Joseph D'Annunzio (Scotch Plains, N.J.) and Brian O'Grady (Warminster, Pa.), catcher Michael Zavala (Randolph, N.J.) and pitchers Charlie Lasky (Freehold, N.J.), Slater McCue (Radnor, Pa.) and Andrew Sullivan (Monroe, N.J.).
Here is your Fall Ball Recap for October 17th. Click on the respective link for the full recap.
The Georgia State baseball team will open defense of its 2009 CAA Championship by travelling to face Florida State in an opening weekend three-game series to start the 2010 season as announced by head coach Greg Frady on Friday. The Panthers unveiled the entire schedule that will feature 29 home games.
After earning its first CAA Championship and a school-record 39 wins, the journey back to the NCAA Regionals will begin on February 19th in Tallahassee, Fla.
Coming off the most successful season in school history, the Georgia State baseball team has added seven student-athletes who signed a National Letter of Intent during the spring signing period as announced by head coach Greg Frady on Tuesday morning.
The seven newcomers are added to the trio of student-athletes that signed during the early signing period last fall. Continue reading Ga State Adds Seven to Squad
ATLANTA-After leading the Georgia State baseball program to the most successful season in school history, head coach Greg Frady has been rewarded with a five-year contract, Director of Athletics Cheryl L. Levick announced. Continue reading Georgia State's Frady gets Five-Year Contract
WILMINGTON, N.C. – The Colonial Athletic Association has awarded its 2010 and 2011 baseball championships to UNC Wilmington, extending the school's run of hosting the event to eight consecutive seasons and 10 times overall.
The decision was made late last week during the league's summer meeting in Hilton Head, S.C., and announced Monday. Continue reading CAA Baseball Tournament Returning To UNCW's Brooks Field
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. – A total of 37 standout freshmen college baseball players from every part of the country are featured on the annual Pro-Line Athletic National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association (NCBWA) Freshman All-American Team, the organization announced today.
The 2009 Pro-Line Athletic NCBWA Freshman All-American Team is comprised from 17 conferences and 10 conference championship teams. The two All-American squads are also made up of 12 conference "Rookie of the Year" winners.
Continue reading NCBWA Announces 2009 Pro-Line Athletic/NCBWA Division I Freshman All-American Teams
Here is your recap of Day 2 of the Atlanta Regional.
Elon 4 Georgia State 3
ATLANTA, Ga. — Jimmy Reyes struck out a career-high 14 hitters and allowed just three runs on eight hits in 8.0 innings to lead the 22nd-ranked and second-seeded Elon Phoenix to a 4-3 victory over fourth-seeded Georgia State in an elimination game at the Atlanta Regional of the 2009 NCAA Baseball Championship on Saturday afternoon. With the victory, Elon moved to 41-17 on the year. The Georgia State Panthers finished their season at 39-22. Continue reading Atlanta Regional- Day 2 Recap


text:
A digital cross connect comprises plural switching stages. Each stage has plural switches which receive plural frames of time multiplexed input data and which switch the data in time and space. Configurations of the switches change in frame synchronization at the start of a synchronized data frame. Both the configuration data and a frame clock may be propagated through the plural stages from a master switch. First and last stages of the digital cross connect may be implemented on common chips having two framing time bases. Data may be aligned to a global frame clock and interchanged using a single random access memory in a time slot interchanger. The write address to the random access memory is generated from a local frame counter keyed to the input data frame while a read address is transformed from a global frame counter.
1. A digital cross connect comprising:
plural switching stages, each stage having plural switches receiving plural frames of time multiplexed input data and switching the data in time and space;
a frame counter at each switch synchronized to a frame clock; and
a master switch within the plural switching stages from which a frame clock is propagated to dowmstream switches and from output switches to input switches, propagation of the frame clock being matched to data distribution between the switches with the frame clock being derived from a frame of data each switch selecting between an external frame clock input and a propagated frame clock derived from one of plural frames of data.
2. A cross connect as claimed in
3. A cross connect as claimed in
4. A cross connect as claimed in
5. A cross connect as claimed in
6. A cross connect as claimed in
7. A cross connect as claimed in
8. A cross connect as claimed in
9. A cross connect as claimed in
10. A method of providing a digital cross connect comprising:
providing plural switching stages, each stage having plural switches which receive plural frames of time multiplexed input data and which switch the data in time and space;
propagating a frame clock from a master switch within the plural switching stages to downstream switches and from output switches to input switches, propagation of the frame clock being matched to data distribution between the switches with the frame clock being derived from a frame of data; and
synchronizing a frame counter at each switch to a frame clock, each switch selecting between an external frame clock input and a propagated frame clock derived from one of plural frames of data.
11. A method as claimed in
12. A method as claimed in
13. A method as claimed in
14. A method as claimed in
15. A method as claimed in
16. A method as claimed in
17. A method as claimed in
18. A method as claimed in
19. A digital cross connect comprising:
plural switching stages, each stage having plural switching means for receiving plural frames of time multiplexed data and switching the data in time and space;
frame counter means at each switch for providing a frame count synchronized to a frame clock; and
master switch means within the plural switching stages for propagating the frame clock to downstream switches and from output stages to input switches, propagation of the frame clock being matched to data distribution between the switches with the frame clock being derived from a frame of data each switch selecting between an external frame clock input and a propagated frame clock derived from one of plural frame of data.
20. A digital cross connect comprising:
plural switching stages, each stage having plural switches receiving plural frames of time multiplexed input data and switching the data in time and space;
multiple frame counters at each switch synchronized to a frame clock, each frame counter being aligned to a defined offset from the frame clock and the multiple frame counters having different alignments; and
a master switch within the plural switching stages from which the frame clock is propagated to downstream switches and from output switches to input switches, propagation of the frame clock being matched to data distribution between the switches.
21. A cross connect as claimed in
22. A cross connect as claimed in
23. A method of providing a digital cross connect comprising:
providing plural switching stages, each stage having plural switches which receive plural frames of time multiplexed input data and which switch the data in time and space;
propagating a frame clock from a master switch within the plural switching stages to downstream switches and from output switches to input switches, propagation of the frame clock being matched to data distribution between the switches; and
synchronizing plural frame counters at each switch to the propagated frame clock, each frame counter being aligned to a different defined offset from the frame clock.
24. A method as claimed in
25. A method as claimed in
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/237,086 filed Sep. 28, 2000 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/195,998 filed Apr. 11, 2000. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Telecommunications channels often carry traffic that is multiplexed from several sources. For example, a 2.488 Gb/s SONET STS-48 channel carries 48 51.84 Mb/s SONET STS-1 channels that are time multiplexed on a byte-by-byte basis. That is, the channel carries bytes 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, . . . , 48.1, 1.2, 2.2, 3.2, . . . , 48.2, 1.3, 2.3, 2.3, . . . where n.m denotes byte m of subchannel n. Details of the SONET format can be found in Ming-Chwan Chow, Understanding SONET/SDH: Standards & Applications, Andan Pub, ISBN 0965044823, 1995 and in ANSI Standard T1.105-1995.
An STS-1 SONET frame is a repeating structure of 810 bytes arranged into 9 rows of 90 columns. The frame structure is transmitted in row-major order. That is, all 90-bytes of row 0 are transmitted, then all 90 bytes of row 1, and so on. At higher multiplexing rates, each byte of the STS-1 frame is replaced by a number of bytes, one from each of several multiplexed sources. For example, at STS-48, 48 bytes, one from each of 48 STS-1 subframes, are transmitted during each column interval. In this case, the order of transmission is to send all 48 subframe bytes for one column before moving on to the next column and to send all of the columns of a row before moving on to the next row.
A digital cross connect is a network element that accepts a number of multiplexed data channels, for example 72 STS-48 channels, and generates a number of multiplexed output channels where each output channel carries an arbitrary set of the subchannels from across all of the input ports. For example, one of the STS-48 output channels may contain STS-1 channels from different input channels in a different order than they were originally input.
An example of digital cross connect operation is shown in FIG. 1. The figure shows a cross connect 30 with two input ports and two output ports. Each of these ports contains four time slots. Input port 1 (the top input port) carries subchannels A, B, C, and D in its four slots and input port 2 (the bottom port) carries subchannels E, F, G, and H in its four time slots. Each time slot of each output port can select any time slot of any input port. For example, output port 1 (top) carries subchannels H, D, F, and A from 2.4, 1.4, 2.2, 1.1 where x.y denotes input port x, timeslot y. Input timeslots must be switched in both space and time. The first time slot of output port 1, for example must be switched in time from slot 4 to slot 1 and in space from port 2 to port 1. Also, some time slots may be duplicated (multicast) and others dropped. Subchannel A, for example, appears in output time slots 1.4 and 2.2 and subchannel G is dropped, appearing on no output time slot.
A digital cross connect can be implemented in a straightforward manner by demultiplexing each input port, switching all of the time slots of all of the input ports with a space switch, and then multiplexing each output port. This approach is illustrated in FIG. 2. The four time slots of input port I are demultiplexed (Demux) in demultiplexers 32 so that each is carried on a separate line. All of these demultiplexed lines are then switched by a space switch 34 to the appropriate output time slots. Finally, a set of multiplexers (Mux) 36 multiplexes the time slots of each output channel onto each output port. This approach is used, for example, in the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,735,049 and 4,967,405.
The space-switch architecture for a digital cross connect as shown in
A more economical digital cross connect can be realized using a time-space-time (T-S-T) switch architecture as illustrated in FIG. 3. Here each input port is input to a time-slot interchanger (TSI) 38. A TSI switches a multiplexed input stream in time by interchanging the positions of the time slots. To switch time-slot i to time-slot j, for example, slot i is delayed by T+j−i byte times. The multiplexed streams out of the input TSIs are then switched by a P�P space switch 40 that is reconfigured on each time slot. The outputs of this space switch are switched in time again by a set of output TSIs 42. This T-S-T architecture is employed, for example, by the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,736,381 and 3,927,267.
An example of the operation of a T-S-T digital cross connect on the configuration of
A three-stage T-S-T digital cross connect is logically equivalent to a 3-stage Clos network with P T�T input stages, T P�P middle stages, and P T�T output stages. To route a configuration of input time slots to output time slots on such a switch a middle-stage time slot must be assigned to each connection. This routing is described in detail in Clos, Charles, "A Study of Non-Blocking Switching Networks", Bell System Technical Journal, Mar. 1953, pp. 406-424, and V. E. Benes, "On Rearrangeable Three-Stage Connecting Networks", The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. XLI, No. 5, Sep. 1962, pp. 1481-1492. These references show that a 3-stage Clos network, and hence a T-S-T digital cross connect, is rearrangeably non-blocking for unicast traffic but cannot, in general route multicast traffic.
A network is rearrangeably non-blocking, or rearrangeable, for unicast traffic, if for every input to output permutation, there exists an assignment of middle stage time slots that will route that permutation. A network is strictly non-blocking if an existing configuration can be augmented to handle any new connection between an idle input time slot and an idle output time slot without changing the time slots assigned to any existing connection.
From its input and output terminals, a rearrangeable network is indistinguishable from a strictly non-blocking network if its configuration changes are (1) aligned to the start of a frame and (2) frame synchronized so that all TSIs and space switches switch their configurations at the start of the same frame. Such frame synchronized switching is referred to as hitless because it does not hit or corrupt the contents of any frames. There is no impact of rearranging existing connections as long as such rearrangement is hitless. Thus, with hitless switching, there is little advantage to strictly non-blocking switches. Hitless switching is provided in Lucent 800 and 900 series digital cross connects (see http://www.chipcenter.com/telecommunications/mdp/webscan/mn00e/mn00e016.htm; http://connectivity1.avaya.com/exchangemax/).
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a digital cross connect includes plural stages, each stage having plural switches receiving plural frames of time multiplexed input data and switching the data in time and space. A frame counter at each switch is synchronized to a frame clock, and to allow for proper synchronization, all switches rely on a common frame clock. The frame clock is propagated from a master switch within the plural switching stages to downstream stages and from output stages to input stages.
Preferably, propagation of the frame clock is matched to data distribution between the switches. The frame clock may be derived from a frame of data such as an A1 byte of a SONET frame.
In particular embodiments, each switch selects between an external frame clock input and a frame clock received in one of plural frames of data. The frame counter of each switch may be aligned to a defined offset from the selected frame clock. The switch may select between one of plural redundant frame clock inputs propagated from the master switch, each with a respective defined offset.
A switch may comprise multiple frame counters having different alignments to the frame clock. In one system, each switch includes two frame counters, and a single switch module implements portions of two stages of the cross connect using respective frame counters.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
A description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows.
To realize very large digital cross connects, it is advantageous to cascade a number of T-S-T switches in multiple stages. For example,
Each of the stages switches multiplexed channels that each contain T time slots. In effect, the switch is a T-S-T-T-S-T-T-S-T switch. However, back-to-back TSIs are redundant, so the output TSI on the input stage and the input TSI on the output stage are configured straight through and the switch is actually a T-S-T-S-T-S-T switch.
Hitless switching is particularly difficult in networks that are composed of multiple stages of T-S-T switches. The configuration of all TSIs and all space switches must be switched at the start of the same frame. Note that this start of frame occurs at different times in different stages.
The present embodiment provides hitless configuration of a digital cross connect composed of an arbitrary number of T-S-T stages. This is accomplished through the following process.
The PTS signal carries two bits of information (1) that the signal is present, and (2) which configuration should be selected. The presence indication is needed to distinguish channels received from the master from channels received from non-master middle stages that do not carry PTS signals.
The PTS signal may be carried on a separate wire, may be carried out-of-band on the same wire or wires as the data, or may be embedded in the data by replacing redundant data. In the preferred embodiment, this signal is embedded in the data by replacing two of the 48 A1 bytes of an STS-48 SONET frame with a PTS signal. The second A1 byte of the frame is inverted (from a hex F6 to a hex 09) to signal the PTS is present, and the third A1 byte of the frame carries the selected configuration repeated in all 8 bits of the byte (i.e., 00 selects configuration 0 as primary and FF selects configuration 1 as primary). These A1 bytes are restored to their fixed value before the SONET frame leaves the last stage of the switch.
As with the PTS signal, the CNS signal may be carried on a separate wire, carried out of band on the data wire or wires, or embedded in the data. In the preferred embodiment, the CNS signal is embedded in the data by replacing one of the A1 bytes of an STS-48 SONET frame. In particular the selected configuration is repeated in all 8 bits of the fourth A1 byte of the frame.
This seven stage process performs a synchronized configuration switch across all TSIs and space switches of a multi-stage digital cross connect in response to a single user command to the master middle-stage switch. In the preferred embodiment, the PTS and CNS signaling is embedded in the data so that the synchronized configuration switching is performed without adding any new signals to the cross connect.
The timing of the configuration switch operation is illustrated in the Gantt chart of FIG. 6. The chart shows three SONET frames propagating through three stages of a multistage digital cross connect. Each row of the figure is offset from the preceding row to denote the delay of a frame in passing through a stage. Note that this offset is not to scale, but rather is exaggerated for clarity. In the preferred embodiment, each stage delays the SONET frame by 96 to 144 byte times (2-3 SONET columns or 308 to 463 ns) which is a small fraction of the 38880 bytes (125 us) in an STS-48 SONET frame.
The sequence begins when the master middle-stage switch receives a request to change configuration while it is handling frame 1. The master middle-stage switch responds to this request by embedding a PTS signal, denoted by P in the figure, in the 2nd and 3rd A1 bytes of frame 2. This PTS signal is propagated to all last-stage switches as illustrated in the third row of the figure. After each last-stage switch receives the PTS signal, it passes the selected configuration, from the 3rd A1 byte of frame 2, to the corresponding first-stage switch which in the preferred embodiment is located on the same chip. Each first-stage switch responds to this selected configuration signal by switching its configuration at the start of frame 3, as denoted by the cross-hatched portion of the figure, and by embedding a CNS signal, denoted by C in the figure, in the 4th A1 byte of frame 3. As frame 3 propagates through each stage, that stage switches its configuration at the start of frame 3 and propagates the CNS signal to downstream stages.
A block diagram of the preferred embodiment of a multi-stage digital cross connect incorporating the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7. The figure shows a three-stage digital cross connect that accepts 1,728 STS-48 input ports and drives 1,728 STS-48 output ports. It switches time slots at the STS-1 level between the input ports and output ports. The system of
Realizing the first and last stages of the switch on a single chip has two advantages. First, this enables the selected configuration signal to be passed on chip from the last stage to the first stage eliminating the need for an off-chip signal. Second, this configuration makes more efficient use of the input and output ports. The first-stage switch is expanding, having twice as many outputs as inputs, while the last-stage switch is concentrating, having twice as many inputs as outputs. If the first-stage and last-stage switches were realized on separate chips, half of the input ports would be idle on the first-stage switch and half the output ports would be idle on the last-stage switch. By combining a first-stage switch and a last-stage switch on a single chip, the demands for input and output ports are balanced and no ports are left idle.
The sequence of the synchronized configuration change on the system of
Frame Clock Distribution in a Multi-stage Cross Connect
In a multi-stage digital cross connect such as those shown in
The internal operations of the cross connect are sequenced by a frame counter, synchronized to the frame clock, that sequences the 38,880 bytes within each frame. The frame counter is typically divided into three fields corresponding to the row (0-8), column (0-89), and subframe (0-48) within the SONET frame. A particular byte of the frame is present on an internal bus of the cross connect when the counter value is equal to the position of that byte within the frame. For example, the B1 parity byte is present when the counter reads 2.0.0 corresponding to row 2, column 0, and subframe 0. The frame counter is synchronized by the frame clock so that the count starts with all fields zero (a count of 0.0.0) on the rising edge of the frame clock.
Each field of the counter accepts three input signals: reset, inc, and clk, and produces two outputs: count and limit, as illustrated by the field 64 of FIG. 11B. All other inputs and outputs are synchronous to the clk signal. Inputs are sampled on the rising edge of clk, and outputs change in response to the rising edge of clk. When the reset signal is asserted, the count output is reset to zero on the next rising edge of clk. When the increment signal is asserted, the counter increments the count output on the next rising edge of clk. When the count reaches its final value (e.g., 8 for the row counter), the limit signal is asserted and the count resets to zero on the next rising edge of the clock.
The frame counter of
The "byte clock" for a given chip must be "mesochronous" with the byte clocks for all of the other chips. That is, it must have exactly the same frequency but can have an arbitrary phase (no skew requirements). Typically the byte clock originates at a pair of master oscillators. The two master oscillators are on separate cards, so one can be replaced while the other is running. The two master oscillator signals are distributed via dedicated cables throughout the system. On each circuit card a local oscillator is slaved to the selected master oscillator. If that master fails, the local oscillator continues running while it is automatically switched to be slaved to the other master oscillator.
In a multi-stage switch, the distribution of the frame clock should match the distribution of the data signals so that as data signals are delayed they remain properly aligned to the frame clock. In the present embodiment, this distribution is accomplished by propagating the frame clock along paths identical to the data signals. As with the configuration switching signal, the frame clock can be propagated along a dedicated wire that follows the same path as the data wires, it can be carried out-of-band on the data wire or wires, or it can be encoded in-band in the data signal. The frame timing can be embedded in the data signal by modifying the signal to carry this timing or can just be derived from the data signal by using known patterns in the signal to extract the timing. In one embodiment using the latter approach and discussed below, when a SONET input is selected as the frame clock, the clock transition occurs on the first byte of the frame, the first A1 byte.
In the disclosed embodiment, each cross connect component maintains two frame counters. Each frame counter can be synchronized to a frame clock that is derived from either an external frame clock input, or to the start of frame on any of the 72 inputs to the component. The selection of the frame clock for one of the two frame counters is made by a 73-input multiplexer 68 as shown in FIG. 12. The multiplexer selects between an external frame clock, frame_clk_in, and one of 72 start of frame signals, one from each SONET input. The start-of-frame signal for input n, sof_chn, has a rising edge that coincides with the appearance of the first A1 framing byte on SONET input n.
The start-of-frame signals are derived from the data frames on incoming channels through respective start-of-frame select logic 76 a-76 n. In a SONET STS-N frame, there are N A1 bytes each of which has a fixed value of hexadecimal F6. These a re followed by N A2 bytes each of which has a fixed value of hexadecimal 28. The start-of-frame logic looks for the F6 28 boundary and synchronizes a respective local frame counter 74 (
Looking for the A1A2 boundary is preferred since the last bytes of the previous frame can be any value, including F6. Hence finding 48 F6 bytes does not guarantee that the 48 A1 bytes have been found. Finding several F6 bytes followed by several 28 bytes does, with high probability, guarantee that you have found the A1 A2 boundary. More specifically, to make sure that it stays properly framed in the presence of errors, the start of frame select logic 76 uses a simple finite state machine (FSM) that keeps track of framing. To acquire framing, the FSM must see the F6 28 pattern twice in the same position. Once acquired, the local frame counter holds this framing until the expected F6 28 pattern is missed four times. This behavior is specified in Bellcore specification GR-253 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Providing two frame counters facilitates using a single component to implement both an input and output stage of a multistage switch as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, input and output channels associated with the input stage of the multistage switch are synchronized to a first counter, frame counter A, and input and output channels associated with the output stage of the multistage switch are synchronized to a second frame counter, frame counter B. This permits the input frames and the output frames to start at different points in time as illustrated in FIG. 6.
Allowing the frame clock for each frame counter to be derived from an input enables the frame clocks for a multi-stage digital cross-connect system to be distributed embedded in the SONET signals themselves. The distribution follows a pattern identical to that used to distribute the configuration switch signal as illustrated in
Each stage ⅓ chip selects this global frame clock by configuring the multiplexer of
The non-master middle stage chips (Stage 2 Chip 2 through Stage 2 Chip 48 in
At this point, the frame clock has been distributed to every chip in the system and all of the frame counters can be synchronized by programming the appropriate delay value into the delay element of FIG. 11. Each non-master middle stage switch then distributes a redundant copy of the frame clock to all stage ⅓ chips embedded on their output signals as illustrated by the bold lines in FIG. 10. These redundant clocks allow the stage ⅓ chips to switch to an alternate frame clock source should the link from the master middle stage chip become disabled.
One skilled in the art will understand that many variations on this frame clock distribution method are possible. For example, to provide tolerance to any single point of failure, two or more middle-stage switches (e.g., Stage 2 Chips 1 and 2) may both select external frame clocks to synchronize their respective counters and distribute independent frame clocks over their output signals to the stage ⅓ chips.
Frame Alignment Integrated with a Time-slot Interchanger
All input channels to a digital cross connect must have their frames aligned so that when a particular byte, say the B1 byte, of one frame is input to the cross connect the same byte of all other frames is input to the cross connect. Further, since there may be skew in the cabling between the chips of one stage (e.g., the input stage) and the chips of the next stage (e.g., the middle stage), alignment may be provided in all stages, not just the input stage. In practice this alignment is accomplished in two steps. First, an external circuit aligns the input frames to start within a small window centered at a fixed offset from this frame clock signal. Then a small FIFO buffer within the cross connect is used to bring the input frames into exact byte alignment.
In the preferred embodiment, each channel performs both frame alignment and time-slot interchange in a single module that writes data into only a single RAM as illustrated in FIG. 15. This approach saves area and power by eliminating a redundant RAM and the redundant read and write operations that are required with the approach of FIG. 14. With this approach, each input channel contains a local frame counter 74 that is synchronized to the start of frame on the input data via a start-of-frame detector 76. Thus, the input is addressed with a local frame counter that may lead the global frame counter by up to 48 byte times. The local frame counter generates only the 2-bit (modulo 3) column and 6-bit (modulo 48) subframe fields: local_column, and local_sts respectively. These two fields are concatenated to form an 8-bit write address for the input data RAM 78. During each byte time, input data is written to the RAM 78 at the location specified by this address. Hence, the RAM contains three column buffers of data with 48 bytes (one byte per subframe) in each column buffer. As illustrated in
Note that while the RAM is addressed with an 8-bit address (256 possible values), only 144 locations in the RAM are used since the six sts bits (64 possible values) need only define 48 bytes, and these 144 locations do not occur at contiguous addresses. In hexadecimal notation, only locations 0-2F, 40-6F, and 80-AF are used. Below we describe how we exploit this sparse usage pattern by building a non-contiguously addressed RAM to economize on RAM area and power.
The time-slot-interchange function is performed under control of the low two fields of the global frame counter (global_column and global_sts) using the read port of the input data RAM as illustrated in FIG. 15. To interchange subframes, the subframe field of the global frame counter is translated using a 48-byte permutation RAM to generate a 6-bit interchanged subframe, interchanged sts, signal. Each location, a, in the permutation RAM 86 contains the input subframe number that is to be placed into output subframe a on interchanged data. For example, to place input subframe 0 into interchanged subframe 3 (as in the bottom left corner of FIG. 4), the value 0 is stored in location 3 of the permutation RAM. The interchanged subframe signal out of the permutation RAM is concatenated with the global column field to generate the read pointer.
To ensure that the read pointer does not attempt to read a value before it is written, the local frame counter (which is also used as the write pointer) must be between 48 and 96 byte times ahead of the global frame counter. This relationship between local and global frame counters is illustrated in
Although the single dual port RAM module is preferred, the Input Data RAM could be formed of multiple smaller single port RAM modules.
Non-contiguously Addressed RAM
The three 48-byte buffers of
A block diagram of the non-contiguously addressed RAM 78 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 19. The figure shows the RAM array 88 and the decoders associated with the read port. A similar but separate set of decoders (not shown) is used to support the write port. The heart of the RAM is a 36 row by 32 column array 88 of bit cells. Because the input and output ports are byte wide, this is in effect a 36 row by four (byte-wide) column array. Note that with contiguous addressing, a 64 row by 32 column RAM array would be required. A particular byte in the RAM array is selected by a decoder structure consisting of a predecoder, a row decoder, and a column decoder. An eight-bit address is input to a predecoder 90 that decodes the four 2-bit fields of the eight bit address into two one-of-three and two one-of-four one-hot address fields. The low-order one-of-four field is used by the column decoder 92 to directly select one of four bytes from the 32 bit line pairs output from the RAM array. The remaining three one-hot fields are decoded by the row decoder 94 to select one of the 36 rows in the RAM array. In this manner, the 8-bit input address selects a single byte from among the 144 bytes in the RAM array.
As shown in
While in the disclosed embodiment the non-contiguously addressed RAM uses 2-to-3 decoders, in general such a RAM can be implemented with an n-to-(2n-p) decoder. For the preferred embodiment n=2 and p=1. However, such a RAM could also be implemented using 3-to-6 decoders where n=3 and p=2.
The non-contiguous addressing of the RAM is achieved by using 2-to-3 decoders in the predecoder to map a non-contiguous address space to a contiguous set of RAM rows. When a valid address, a, (one that lies within one of the three buffers) is presented to the predecoder, it asserts one line of each of its four one-hot outputs: paa[i], pab[j], pac[k], and pad[m] so that a=i+4*j+16*k+64*m. Because the most significant two two-bit fields of the 8-bit address are decoded with 2-to-3 decoders, this address, a, selects a row, b, given by b=j+4*k+12*m. The effect of mapping a to b is to compress out the unused portions of the address space. This compression is illustrated in FIG. 22. The left side of the figure shows the 256-byte address space covered by 8-bit address a. This space includes three unused regions. The right side of the figure shows the 36 rows of the RAM array covered by row number, b. The mapping from a to b is depicted by the lines between the two sides of the figure. As can be seen, only addresses that fall within the three buffers are mapped to rows of the RAM arrays. Addresses in the unused spaces of the address space result in an all-zero output of one or both of the 2-to-3 decoders and hence do not map to any row of the RAM array.
The row decoder 94 decodes the coincidence of a particular line from each of pab, pac, and pad into the selection of one of 36 word lines using 36 three-input AND gates 104 as illustrated in FIG. 21. The AND gate for word line b, wlb, connects to pab[j], pac[k], and pad[m] such that b=j+4*k+12*m. For example, word line b=12 connects to pab[0], pac[0], and pad[1] so that b=j+4*k+12*m=0+4*0+12*1=12. For clarity, only 9 of the 36 word lines are shown in the figure. The remaining word lines follow a similar pattern.
Two frame counters 114,116 support a combined first-stage/last-stage switch on a single chip. One counter provides timing to all inputs and outputs that are used for the first stage, and the second counter provides timing to all inputs and outputs used for the last stage. As shown in
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
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Right to Rehabilitation (R2R) the theme for 26 June 2015
Every year, the United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, on 26 June, gives us the opportunity to stand united and remind the world that torture is a cruel violation of human rights.
Right to Rehabilitation (R2R) has been chosen as the theme for the 26 June 2015 campaign to allow the IRCT movement to showcase the vital role it plays in ensuring as many torture survivors as possible have access to the rehabilitation they need and have a right to.
IRCT members and their friends provide much needed rehabilitation services to torture survivors in over 70 countries. However, they can help only a fraction of those who have been tortured, as the need for rehabilitation far exceeds the capacity of rehabilitation centres. The vast majority of survivors of torture are forced to cope with their trauma alone.
This trauma reaches far beyond the direct victims and in some instances, where torture has been used in a systematic and widespread manner, whole societies are affected. Providing holistic rehabilitation and redress to survivors of torture and trauma can help heal the effects of torture and therefore help reconstruct broken societies. The aim of rehabilitation is to empower torture survivors to rebuild their life. This is why the R2R is more important than ever.
This 26 June, we are calling on all rehabilitation centres to make R2R the focal point of their activities, to promote the vital work they do in providing rehabilitation, and to pressure governments into meeting their responsibility to make R2R a reality in their country.
26 June Campaign Kit available
The IRCT has prepared a range of campaign materials to support your local campaign. This year's Campaign Kit includes the theme brochure, a campaign guide, a poster and logos and the global reading.
Download the materials in the Campaign Kit here
Survivor and caregiver stories
The IRCT has gathered some stories about the experiences of torture survivors and victims to put a face to torture victims and reclaim their need for and right to rehabilitation – a right guaranteed under the UN Convention against Torture.
Stay updated
Subscribe to the 26 June mailing list to keep up to date about the campaign. For any enquiries about the theme or for further information contact 26june[at]irct.org.


text: Carpet Run Flag By: XanicLyoka (More by author: Most viewed, Newest, Most Thumbs) previous next random - Fav + Fav Comment Found on RuneScape Wiki. I knew it needed this. Tags: fuck | the | police | animated | runescape | GIF | actual tags | carpet | glitch Recommend tagsx +13 Views: 7133 Favorited: 0 Submitted: 09/27/2011 Share On Facebook Remove from favorites Add to favorites Unsubscribe from XanicLyoka Subscribe to XanicLyoka


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The news that "Hebrew Hammer" Ryan Braun has been suspended for using da juice while playing America's favorite pastime apparently has riled up the Jew haters.
The Jewish Journal has compiled a list of "10 anti-Semitic twitter reactions to Ryan Braun's suspension." Here's our favorite:
lol Ryan Braun is NOT giving back his MVP award, name me one time a jew gave something up willingly — Michael MC @irishrebel311
What is it about anti-Semites and Wisconsin?
The irony here is that though Braun, an outfielder for the Milwaukee Brewers, has been embraced by Jews, he apparently doesn't consider himself Jewish. (I know, I know: We should have copped up to it earlier, when he actually was a hero.)
Here's what USA Today reported about the matter on Aug. 28, 2007:
Joe Braun was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, and came to the U.S.A. at age 7. Diane was raised Catholic in Van Nuys, Calif. Ryan was not raised Jewish and never had a bar mitzvah, but suddenly he's hearing from Jewish organizations claiming him as their own.
"He's totally not Jewish," Diane says. "I heard some organization started called him "The Hebrew Hammer." I said, 'Oh no.' My mother would be rolling over in her grave if she heard that."
"Ryan [Diane says] is proud that people want to claim him now, but where were they before? You know how that stuff works."
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A Living History performance that presents the region's Chinese heritage will be 2 p.m. Saturday at Fort Walla Walla Museum, 755 Myra Road.
Immigrant Charles Tung's is a story of rising above prejudice to become a community leader. Tung, a leader of the local Chinese community, was born in San Francisco and moved to Walla Walla in 1880. Fluent in both English and Chinese, he often acted as a translator for many local Chinese people.
Tung owned the Kwong Chung Sing Company, importing Chinese silk, porcelain and tea to Walla Walla. He acted as secretary-treasurer of the Chinese-operated Pacific Enterprise Corporation that built a two-story structure at Fifth and Rose Streets in 1911.
At 2 p.m. Sunday, the Rev. Cushing Eells will be portrayed. Ells and wife Myra arrived in the Walla Walla region in 1838. Shortly after the November 1847 massacre at the Whitmans' mission, the Eells relocated to the Hudson's Bay Company Colville post.
Following the 1862 Indian Wars, they returned to the Walla Walla Valley. It was his intention to reclaim the mission grounds at Waiilatpu where the Whitmans were among 13 slain at the site. There he founded an educational institution, Whitman Seminary, to honor Marcus Whitman.
Eells received a charter from the territorial legislature for that purpose the same year and the first building was completed in 1866. In 1883, what was Whitman Seminary became Whitman College.
Museum hours are 10 a.m.-5 p.m. daily. Admission is free to members and children under 6, $3 for children ages 6-12, $6 for seniors 62 and older and students, and $7 general admission. For more information, call 509-525-7703 or e-mail email@example.com.
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Robert Davis
courtesy robert davis
He remembers a miserable boat trip to the Aleutians being exacerbated by an outbreak of mumps and a pilot who died in a crash the day before he was to leave the Aleutians. He also remembers the P-38 who accidentally activated the gun switch in midair, landed, and inadvertently hit the firing button, nearly filling the line hut with bullets!
The interview is also available in smaller portions, with the relevant transcript available for each clip. Each audio clip is less than 1 MB, facilitating access for slower internet connections.
photo gallery coming soon


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- Filed Under
Herbert Alpheus Hall
Black Mountain -
Herbert Alpheus Hall, 83, of Black Mountain, passed away peacefully on Friday, August 8, 2014. Asheville Mortuary Services are in charge of the arrangements.
Monsignor Michael Patrick Hanagan
Black Mountain -
Monsignor Michael Patrick Aloysius Hanagan, a resident of Black Mountain since 2000, died of heart complications Friday, August 15, 2014, at a hospital in Long Island, N.Y. He was born in New York City on October 9, 1938.
Hanagan instigated a neighborhood picnic on Labor Day, 2002, and the formation of the West Side Neighborhood Association, Black Mountain. He was a member of the Black Mountain-Swannanoa Kiwanis Club on its International Understanding Committee.
A memorial service will be held at both St. Eugene's Catholic Church, North Asheville, on Friday, August 22, at 9 a.m., and at St. Margaret Mary Catholic Church, Swannanoa, at noon.
Vinie "Maw" Pullium
Swannanoa -
Vinie "Maw" Pullium, 100, of Swannanoa, passed away Wednesday, August 13, 2014.
Mrs. Pullium was born April 2, 1914, in Cherokee County. She enjoyed cooking, sewing, and helping others.
Vinie is preceded in death by her parents, Andrew and Callie Lunsford; and husband, Lono Bill Pullium.
She is survived by five sons, Frank (Alma), of New London, Woodrow, of Lithia Springs, Ga., Harold (Carol), of Old Fort, Earl (Katie), of Black Mountain, and Carl (Annette), of Swannanoa; eight grandchildren; and numerous great- and great-great-grandchildren.
A celebration of life service was held August 15 at Lakewood Baptist Church with the Reverend Ray A. Hipps officiating. Burial was in Sky View Memorial Park. Arrangements by Harwood Home for Funerals. www.harwoodhomefor funerals.com.
Robert L. "Bob" Sheets
Old Fort -
Mr. Robert L. "Bob" Sheets, age 83, of Old Fort, passed away on Saturday, August 16, 2014, at the John Keever Solace Center in Asheville following an extended illness.
A native of Buncombe County, he was born on November 21, 1930, to the late Oliver D. Sheets and Sue Pitillo Sheets. Upon completing high school, Bob enlisted in the U. S. Army and served faithfully during the Korean War era.
When he returned home, he worked for a period of time for the Rankin Oil Company and later went to work at the Ingle's warehouse in Black Mountain and ultimately retired from there as a warehouse manager. Two brothers, Oliver and Jack, and four sisters, Frances, Patsy, Shirley, and Sudie, preceded him in death.
Bob is survived by his wife of 59 years, Bonnie D. Sheets; two children, Rev. Robert L. "Bud" Sheets, Jr. and his wife Sharon, of Marion, and Rhonda Demps and her husband, Jimmy, of Hodges, Ala.; a sister, Jean Fink, of Fairview; three grandchildren, Sgt. John Paul Sheets, Pfc. Jessica Patrick, and Jennifer Bates; three great-grandchildren, Dakotah, Ali, and Adi; and very special friends, George Fite and Kay Miller.
No services are planned. Those wishing to make a memorial contribution are encouraged to consider Care Partners Hospice, John Keever Solace Center, P.O. Box 25338, Asheville, N.C., 28813. Westmoreland Funeral Home is assisting the family with arrangements, www.westmorelandfun eralhome.com.


text:
Thousands of travellers spent the night in Narita airport's terminal after snow caused airlines to cancel 71 flights.
Airport officials distributed sleeping bags, water and crackers to 3,400 stranded travellers at the Japanese airport in Tokyo, reports Associated Press.
About 8 cm of snow fell in central Tokyo and around Narita yesterday.
The UK is faring better but some airports are still facing cancellations and delays after snow and ice swept across the UK.
Aberdeen, Humberside, Lands End and Leeds Bradford airports are reporting severe disruption on the BBC's travel news website.
Delays, cancellations and slight disruption were also reported at Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Durham Tees, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Manchester, Newcastle and Stansted airports.
Customers are advised to check with their airlines.
Rail services have also been affected.
Greater Anglia came under fire after it cancelled 24 trains even though less than an inch of snow had fallen.
Routes between London Liverpool Street and Cambridge, Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich were hit with delays and cancellations.
The cold weather is set to continue all week.
Tuesday, January 15, 2013
8 years ago, i was stationed in Norway with the Royal Marines carrying out winter training. We finished work for the night and all got our heads down for a nights sleep. It had been raining all day and the majority of the snow had been washed away. Sometime during the night, it began to snow again. We woke to find just short of 4 feet of snow had fallen, but all the roads were clear, buses were running as normal and none of the trains were disrupted. This is how a country deals with snow, they get on with it....
By simon rowley, Tuesday, January 15, 2013
Student changes name to avoid paying Ryanair booking amendment fee
Airlines to shrink hand luggage allowance
French ATC strike threatens major disruption
Stark warning for British holidaymakers in popular beach resort
Hotel chain sues regular guest for loyalty programme 'abuse'
Airports Commission makes clear case for third Heathrow runway
France orders Uber crackdown following day of airport protests
Sensatori resort taken off Thomson programme
London Mayor wannabe calls for tourist tax
British tourist arrested for naked stunt on mountain
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A Royal Air Force Harrier pilot safely ejects after crash-landing at Kandahar, Afghanistan, last year on 15 May in this clip posted on YouTube earlier this week.
Initial reports in the UK press that the Harrier's undercarriage failed to lower are clearly incorrect. I'm not a crash forensic expert. Does anyone know why the Harrier crashed?
VIDEO: Harrier crash-lands in Kandahar
About Stephen Trimble
17 Responses to VIDEO: Harrier crash-lands in Kandahar
Craig Hoyle 3 June, 2010 at 2:11 pm #
If there was a Board of Inquiry into this mishap then its results haven't been published yet by the MoD, so we're speculating. The pilot adds power quite late on, but then the aircraft over flares, just prior to the impact. Not sure if an emergency had been declared prior to this though.
Good to see that the aircraft's Paveway IV bombs really are insensitive munitions!
Charley A. 3 June, 2010 at 3:08 pm #
Speculating from the video, it looks like he had a high rate of decent, and didn't apply enough power to arrest that rate, and over-rotated just prior to landing. The rescue crews did not appear to be deployed near the runway, so I'd guess that no emergency was declared.
aeroxavier 3 June, 2010 at 5:27 pm #
i'm surprise to see that now
UpandDown 3 June, 2010 at 9:14 pm #
Yes, which strikes me as unusual as Harriers usually land with nozzles down and a fair bit of thrust – inlet momentum drag then helps slow them down and jet lift minimises speed and ground run. The pilot leaves the throttle alone and uses nozzle angle to vary thrust/lift. He was landing faster (and steeper – Harriers are usually flat in attitude all the way down) than any Harrier I have seen.
My guess is he either lost power on the way in, maybe restarting the engine in the hope of getting it back before the runway, but ran out of time, OR he may have made the mistake of thinking the throttle was the nozzle lever and instead of putting the nozzles down to land cut throttle instead, and the lag in spooling up again caught him out. In either case, he was lacking power when he needed it it seems
Still, riding a bomb laden aircraft into the ground when you can eject takes something most of us don't have.
AirShowFan 7 June, 2010 at 1:45 pm #
Interesting comments. I had assumed that this was an emergency dead-stick landing, but after reading this thread I noticed the presence of bombs and the absence of emergency vehicles. So yeah, apparently the best guesses are a really really crappy landing (improbable) or a last-minute loss of power. But who knows, it could be a million things.
And I found the video in a few other places:
Jerrod Zubrzycki 10 June, 2010 at 2:53 am #
Usted hizo algunos buenos puntos allí. Hice una búsqueda sobre el tema y encontró la mayoría de la gente estará de acuerdo con su blog Publica .
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This shirt demonstrates important artistic innovations on the Plains during the first half of the nineteenth century, when newly established military forts became centers for trade. The square bib is made from European trade materials: wool Stroud cloth from Stroud, England, small seed beads, and larger pony beads from Vienna. The more customary rosette in the center of the chest is formed by porcupine quills and maidenhair-fern stems and probably represents a thunderbird, a powerful spiritual symbol. The shirt is one of many objects collected by Dr. Nathan Sturges Jarvis while he served as a medical doctor in Fort Snelling, Minnesota, between 1830 and 1833.
- Cultures: Sioux, Native American; Probably Sisseton, Sioux, Native American
- Medium: Buckskin, Stroud cloth, pony beads, seed beads, yarn, porcupine quills, maidenhair fern stems, bird quills, pigment
- Place Collected: Fort Snelling, Minnesota, United States
- Dates: early 19th century
- Dimensions: 42in. (106.7cm)
- Collections:Arts of the Americas
- Museum Location: This item is not on view
- Accession Number: 50.67.8
- Credit Line: Henry L. Batterman Fund and the Frank Sherman Benson Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Sioux (Native American). Shirt, early 19th century. Buckskin, Stroud cloth, pony beads, seed beads, yarn, porcupine quills, maidenhair fern stems, bird quills, pigment, 42in. (106.7cm). Brooklyn Museum, Henry L. Batterman Fund and the Frank Sherman Benson Fund, 50.67.8. Creative Commons-BY
- Image:
- Catalogue Description: This white buckskin shirt, with the faint remnants of a pinkish stain in the general shoulder area, has a squared cloth bib and cuffs made of red Stroud cloth. This bib has been attached with knotted lengths of buckskin thong. Both bib and cuffs are decorated with white seed beads and additional pony beads are sewn onto the bib. A line of chain stitch embroidery in blue decorates the bib at the front while the back of the bib is plain. A rosette on the front center of the shirt is decorated with reddish-orange and white porcupine quills and brown maidenhair fern stems that are in a configuration that probably represent a thunderbird. Bird quills in white, green, and brown are wrapped around the rawhide strips that are suspended from each shoulder. Additional fringe is inserted in each sleeve seam, which is wrapped at the base with red bird quills and white porcupine quills. Four long, pierced strips, two suspended under each sleeve, are also fringed. Horizontal reddish stripes are painted on the back of the shirt. A rectangular shaped repair, which appears to be of native origin, located on the front of the proper right shoulder, has been reattached to the long pierced tab by a knotted string of hide that matches the existing fringe. See Jarvis research file in Arts of Americas office.
- Record Completeness: Best (89%)


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Facebook's new cold storage facility next to its two Prineville data centers began operating last week.
Bend has drawn many new national or regional retailers in the past six months, but some of the biggest names aren't ready to open stores in the area yet.
Bend's median home price rose to $298,000 in September, up from $265,000 in August.
Opinions in Southern and Central Oregon are getting closer to those in the Portland metro area, thanks to an influx of new residents and a diversifying economy.
A recent marketing effort is paying off for the Prineville/Crook County Airport.


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Pennsylvania Modifies Lien Law
Last month, the Construction finance Journal noted that Pennsylvania has been a hotspot for proposed mechanics lien changes. These changes and potential changes considered whether union workers should be classified as employees or subcontractors, examined…Read More
Even More Changes Afoot For Pennsylvania Lien Law?
Pennsylvania has recently been a hotbed of proposed and actual modifications of its mechanics lien law. From considering whether union workers were more properly classified as employees of the general contractor or subcontractors, to taking a…Read More
Mechanics Liens: Electronic Filing
E- filing is not just for your taxes. While Every state offers filing by mail or walk-ins, more than 300 counties across the country offer electronic filing. Every state is different when it comes to which office or department records mechanics liens.
The most common offices are the County Recorder, Register…Read More
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You're unpaid on a construction project and you're thinking about filing a mechanics lien. What should you do? Will a lien get you paid? Is there a way to file a lien…Read More
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County recorders nationwide are finally jumping on the bandwagon whereby they are enabling documents to be electronically recorded. Ideally, every county in the US should utilize this service for all of its benefits but not every one does unfortunately. Keep in…Read More
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The Texas mechanics lien and monthly notice deadlines are an absolute mess. I don't know anyone in the construction industry or the construction law industry who likes them. Nevertheless, they must be complied with.
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text:
Created: 07/28/2014 10:50 PM WHEC.com
A Mt. Morris woman is facing charges following a three car crash in Geneseo.
The crash happened on Route 63 and Route 20A in Geneseo on Sunday.
Sheriff's deputies say two northbound vehicles were stopped in traffic at a red light when they were struck from behind by a vehicle driven by 52-year-old Elena Sardella, of Mt. Morris. Sheriff's deputies say Sardella was driving under the influence of drugs.
Sardella was transported to Wyoming County Community Hospital. She was later arrested for DWAI (drugs), following too closely, DWI and failure to keep right. Witness statements had shown that Sardella was driving erratically prior to the crash.
Sardella is scheduled to return to Geneseo Town Court on August 20.
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Unprofessional Fridays: 06/26/2015
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It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Mortal Kombat X moves forward with a snappier version of the previous game's fighting and some cool new characters, but the story and other features around the edges feel a bit rough in spots.
Object »
Save BBQ shacks, kill time at the firehouse and shower with your colleagues in this 2014 firefighting simulator.
A short adventure game from Wormwood Studios.
A first-person survival horror game and prequel to the horror drama television series The Walking Dead, telling the tale of hunter Daryl Dixon as he travels through the rural U.S.A. with his brother, Merle, during the beginning of the zombie outbreak.
Monopoly Hotels is a spin off using the Monopoly name, but is a strategy game.
Please Stay Calm is a social free-to-play online game, with a cartoon art style and zombie theme that incorporates the real names of locations near the player.
Bloody Good Time is a zany first-person competitive online murder simulator made by Outerlight, developer of the 2006 hit PC game The Ship.
Rather than being based on the SAW II movie, Flesh & Blood, like the first SAW videogame, is an original story set in the SAW universe.
Building upon the innovative Scribblenauts, the sequel brings adjectives, vastly improved controls, and deeper levels and puzzles. Adjectives modify game objects in realistic ways, allowing players to make use of Angry Fridges and Gentlemanly Raptors as they progress through over 100 levels.
Decide the fate of the 9 kidnapped people who are trapped on a ship and forced to play the Nonary Game, where players put their life on the line.
In Real Heroes: Firefighter, the player steps in the soon to be soot-stained boots of a rookie firefighter who has just been assigned to a busy metropolitan fire station.
When hordes of failed super-soldiers (the zombie-like "specimens") break out of the labs of Horzine Biotech, it's up to London's finest to put them down in this cooperative survival horror wave-based first-person shooter.
Arctic-themed Cryostasis has players explore a relatively faithfully constructed Soviet-era nuclear ice-breaker. Mechanic innovations include using heat and exhaustion to represent player stamina, using heat sources to regain this stamina, and the use of a flashback ability to open up blocked passages and right wrongs. System requirements are steep.
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'George Groves can boost career whether or not he beats Carl Froch'
George Groves has done everything that has been asked of him and fully deserves his shot at Carl Froch's world titles.Back to story
Comments (1)
- Page 1 of 1
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Omar Aslam says...
Froch is favourite for this fight, however I think Groves will hold his own as he is a good mover which Carl dislikes. Carl loves to fight, but i think that will only be the case in the late rounds when his fitness and power will tell as it usually does and he will end up stopping him. Otherwise it will be a points victory. I think it could also be closer then the Kessler fight as George sounded very confident about his sparring with Mikkel.
Posted 19:22 28th July 2013
- Page 1 of 1
- 1