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Geographic Range
American robins are native to the Nearctic region. They occur year-round in southern Canada from Newfoundland to British Columbia, throughout most of the United States and along the Sierra Madre into southern Mexico. They migrate south for the winter, going as far as southern Mexico and Guatemala. In summer they are found as far north as northernmost Canada and Alaska. American robins are the most abundant and widespread North American thrush. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
American robins occur mainly in woodlands, gardens, orchards, lawns, and fields. They prefer areas of open ground or short grass for foraging, with woodland or a few scattered trees and shrubs nearby for nesting and roosting. Suburban and agricultural areas often provide these kinds of habitats so American robins are common near humans. They need dense shrubs and small trees in which to build their nests. They build nests deep in dense foliage to protect their young from predators. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Habitat Regions
- temperate
- terrestrial
- Terrestrial Biomes
- forest
- scrub forest
- Other Habitat Features
- urban
- suburban
- agricultural
- riparian
Physical Description
American robins are birds that measure 25 cm in length and average 77 g in weight. Males are only slightly larger than females. They are brown on their backs, reddish on the breast, and white on their lower belly and under their tail feathers. Their throats are white, streaked with black. They have white crescents above and below their eyes. Females are slightly paler in color than males. Young American robins have dark spots on their breasts and are also paler in color than adult males. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Other Physical Features
- endothermic
- homoiothermic
- bilateral symmetry
- Sexual Dimorphism
- male more colorful
- Average mass
- 77 g
- 2.71 oz
- Average mass
- 75.5 g
- 2.66 oz
- AnAge
- Range length
- 23 to 28 cm
- 9.06 to 11.02 in
- Average length
- 25 cm
- 9.84 in
- Range wingspan
- 119 to 137 mm
- 4.69 to 5.39 in
Males and females form a pair bond during breeding season and while raising their young. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Mating System
- monogamous
American robins breed in the spring shortly after returning to their summer range (north) from their winter range (south). The breeding season extends from April through July. American robins are one of the first birds to begin laying eggs and normally have two or three sets of young, or broods, in each breeding season. The cup-shaped nest is built by the female, who builds the outer foundation with long coarse grass, twigs, paper, and feathers woven together. She lines the inner bowl with mud, smearing it with her breast and later adding fine grass or other soft material to cushion the eggs. The nest can be located on the ground or high up in trees, but most commonly 5 to 15 feet above ground in a dense bush, in the crotch of trees, or on window ledges or other human structures. All that is needed for the nest is a firm support and protection from rain. A new nest is built to raise each brood. In northern areas the first clutch is generally placed in an evergreen tree or shrub, and the later clutches are laid in a deciduous tree. From 3 to 5 eggs are laid in each clutch. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Key Reproductive Features
- iteroparous
- seasonal breeding
- gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)
- sexual
- oviparous
- Breeding interval
- American robins breed once or twice yearly.
- Breeding season
- American robins breed from April to July.
- Range eggs per season
- 3 to 5
- Average eggs per season
- 4
- AnAge
- Average time to hatching
- 14 days
- Average time to hatching
- 13 days
- AnAge
- Average fledging age
- 13 days
- Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
- 1 years
- Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
- 1 years
Eggs are incubated by the female. After about 14 days of incubation the eggs hatch. She continues to feed and brood the chicks while they are very young. When the nestlings become older the female broods them only at night or during bad weather. Baby birds leave the nest about 2 weeks after they have hatched. All babies from a clutch leave the nest within 1 day of each other. Even after leaving the nest, the young birds follow their parents and beg food from them. They remain under cover on the ground during this time. About two weeks after fledging, young American robins become capable of sustained flight. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Parental Investment
- altricial
- provisioning
- female
- female
- female
- provisioning
- male
- female
- male
- female
- provisioning
- male
- female
- male
- female
- provisioning
One wild bird lived to be almost 14 years old, though most American robins in the wild will live about 2 years. Only about one quarter of all young American robins will survive the summer in which they were born. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Range lifespan
Status: wild
- 14 (high) years
- Range lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: wild
- 2 years
- Average lifespan
- Average lifespan
Status: wild
- 167 months
- Bird Banding Laboratory
- Average lifespan
American robins are active mostly during the day. They are social birds, especially during the winter when they are gathered in large numbers on their winter grounds. They assemble in large flocks at night, often in a secluded swamp or area of dense vegetation, where they roost in the trees. These winter aggregations break up during the day to feed in smaller flocks on fruits and berries. American robins defend breeding territories during the summer and are less social during that time. Young American robins remain in the area of their nest for their first 4 months of life. They gather in mixed-age flocks when it becomes time to depart for their winter grounds. Almost all populations of American robins are migratory. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
Communication and Perception
Soon after hatching nestlings begin to beg for food by chirping. Adult American robins use chirping or chucking to warn of the presence of a predator. Males begin to sing in the late winter and early spring. This song is a familiar sound in the springtime and sounds something like 'cheerily, cheer up, cheer up, cheerily, cheer up.' American robins sing frequently throughout the day, but particularly early in the morning. They most often sing from a perching spot high in a tree. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
Food Habits
American Robins feed on a mixture of both wild and cultivated fruits, berries, earthworms, and insects such as beetle grubs, caterpillars, and grasshoppers. Robins are flexible and will turn to whichever food is most readily accessible, although the diet generally consists of approximately 40% invertebrates, 60% fruits and berries. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Primary Diet
- omnivore
- Animal Foods
- eggs
- insects
- terrestrial non-insect arthropods
- terrestrial worms
- Plant Foods
- fruit
American robins may mob small predators, such as blue jays and snakes. They also produce chirping and chucking sounds as warning calls.
Predators on young and adults differ somewhat. Eggs and young are often eaten by different types of squirrels, snakes, and birds such as blue jays, common grackles, American crows, and common ravens. Adult American robins are preyed upon by hawks, cats, and larger snakes.
American robins are vigilant when feeding, they may feed in loose flocks, so that they can also watch other robins for reactions to predators. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Known Predators
- snakes (Serpentes)
- hawks (Accipitridae)
- squirrels (Sciuridae)
- blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata)
- common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula)
- American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
- common ravens (Corvus corax)
- domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
Ecosystem Roles
American robins are important as prey items to their predators because there are so many of them. They also act to control some insect populations and to disperse the seeds of the fruits they eat. (Sallabanks and James, 1999)
- Ecosystem Impact
- disperses seeds
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
American robins are effective in controlling insects that may damage crops and gardens, such as beetles.
- Positive Impacts
- controls pest population
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
Part of the American robin's diet may include berries, which can reduce the number of berries harvested every year by cultivators. It has also been reported that male American robins have pecked at and damaged windowpanes, windshields, hubcaps, and other polished surfaces, apparently reacting to their own reflections.
- Negative Impacts
- crop pest
Conservation Status
American robins are successful birds, having been able to adapt to human alteration of the landscape. At one time, they were killed for meat in some southern States, and the meat was considered a delicacy. They are now protected throughout their range by the U.S. Migratory Bird Protection Act.
- IUCN Red List
Least Concern
More information
- US Migratory Bird Act
- Protected
- US Federal List
- No special status
- No special status
- State of Michigan List
- No special status
Tanya Dewey (author, editor), Animal Diversity Web.
Candice Middlebrook (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
- Nearctic
living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico.
- acoustic
uses sound to communicate
- agricultural
living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture.
- altricial
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless after hatching.
- bilateral symmetry
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
- chemical
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
- diurnal
- active during the day, 2. lasting for one day.
- endothermic
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.
- forest
forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality.
- iteroparous
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
- migratory
makes seasonal movements between breeding and wintering grounds
- monogamous
Having one mate at a time.
- motile
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
- native range
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
- omnivore
an animal that mainly eats all kinds of things, including plants and animals
- oviparous
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
- riparian
Referring to something living or located adjacent to a waterbody (usually, but not always, a river or stream).
- scrub forest
scrub forests develop in areas that experience dry seasons.
- seasonal breeding
breeding is confined to a particular season
- sexual
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
- social
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
- suburban
living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns.
- tactile
uses touch to communicate
- temperate
that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).
- terrestrial
Living on the ground.
- urban
living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity.
- visual
uses sight to communicate
Pough, Richard H. 1946. Audubon Land Bird Guide. Doubleday and Company, New York.
Burton M. and Bruton R. 1980. The New Funk and Wagnalls Illustrated wildlife Encyclopedia, BPC Publishing Limited, 1:91-92.
Burke, Ken. 1983. How to Attract Birds. Orhtho Books, San Francisco.
Sallabanks, R., R. James. 1999. American Robin (Turdus migratorius). Birds of North America, 462: 1-20.


text: Very comfortable, B&B in a lovely house on 5+ acres of land on a quiet country road. The two rooms are tastefully decorated, and there are dozens and dozens of videos available to watch in the room as well. Breakfast was fine, with muffins and a choice of eggs, bacon, and/or pancakes, etc. Dave and Karen, our hosts, were very... More

subset: commoncrawl


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|Page: 12 of 51
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South Burlington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - The Holiday Inn Burlington, in Vermont's scenic Champlain Valley, is a centrally-located, full service hotel. Only minutes from Lake Champlain or the Green
Killington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - Here at Killington, in the heart of the Green Mountains, you will experience the warmth and charm of Vermont nestled in this winter wonderland along with
Killington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - Located at the foot of Killington Ski Resort, this hotel is 300 yards from the slopes, and approximately 17 miles from the Rutland State Airport.
Stowe, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - The Stoweflake Mountain Resort and Spa is located five miles from Stowe Mountain, 35 miles from the Burlington International Airport, and seven miles from
Rutland, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - Family owned and operated the Highlander Motel is ideally situated for those who enjoy a central location.
Shaftsbury, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - The Governors Rock Motel Historic Shaftsbury is close to the Robert Frost Stone House Museum, Park- McCullough historic house, and the Shaftsbury Lake
Killington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - The Killington Resort Villages-Fall Line Condominiums is located close to the dining and nightlife of the famous Killington Road and has convenient access
Killington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - This Comfort Inn is located approximately three miles from the Killington Ski and Summer Resort and 25 miles from Rutland Airport.
Stowe, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - Spacious rooms and efficiencies with mountain views, fireplaces, suites, apartments and houses available. A/C, color cable TV, telephone, heated pool
Bennington, Vermont Hotels & Resorts - This charming Bennington Vermont hotel provides convenient access to Bennington College and several local ski resorts.
|Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | ... 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
You can enjoy a wonderful beach vacation in the summer or a fantastic skiing vacation in the winter in Vermont. Make your next travel plans an unforgettable Vermont vacation! This New England state is ripe with natural beauty and full of fun things to do and see.
Vermont is a fantastic place to visit year round. In fall, beautiful foliage engulfs the state, and pumpkin carving festivals and apple picking tours can be found in most small towns and cities. In spring the flowers bloom and things start to heat up. With the cold winter's ending, outdoor cafes open and locals prepare for another wonderful beach season. When summer finally comes there are so many outdoor adventures to be had! Hike or bike the Green Mountain trails, visit Apple Hill Orchard and Farm in West Rutland or launch your boat and relax on the beach at Ricker Pond State Park. This winter spend a romantic weekend away in a Vermont vacation cabin or B&B up north, far away from the hustle and bustle of it all. A Vermont winter vacation is one of the most popular choices for skiers in the U.S. Vermont has over 18 great ski resorts to choose from. Visit the famous mountains of Killington, Stratton and Okemo, where trails are available for skiers and boarders from beginner levels to advanced.
Vermont is well known for its small, quaint towns, and relaxed daily pace. However if you're looking for something a little more exciting, Burlington, Vermont, is one of the more 'cosmopolitan' cities in Vermont and a great place to visit on your Vermont vacation. You can rent a boat in the marina or watch the sunset on the docks, followed by cocktails and dinner in an outdoor restaurant. Stay in a luxury Vermont hotel in the evening and shop at unique, vintage boutiques and quaint shops in downtown Burlington during the day.
During your Vermont travels stop at the Vermont State House and the Historical Society Museum in scenic, old Montpelier, a city known for its rich New England heritage. There are always fun holiday and heritage festivals happening here. Check out the North Branch Nature Center and grab some yummy home made goods at the summer Farmer's Market. For a small town experience head to Brandon, the epitome of a picturesque New England town, and walk through the main street lined with mom and pop shops.
If you're still not convinced that a Vermont vacation is right for you, check out some of the great accommodations and tours on RealAdventures.com. Get a good look at what Vermont is all about and begin planning your Vermont travels today!
Jeanine Kutil
|Page: 1 | 2 | 3 | ... 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |


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Benedict Cumberbatch /John Harrison [SPOILERS]
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August 21 2013, 12:16 AM
Benedict Cumberbatch /John Harrison [SPOILERS]
BC's character should have stayed as John Harrison. The guy is flawless, now that I have seen STiD multiple times, I strongly believe that he should get nominated for an Oscar, If they could nominate Ledger why not him?
The only thing that spoils BC in this film was that he was Khan. Am sure with some of the backlash STiD has received, Orci and CO are probably regretting it and pulling their hairs out about some of the bad decisions they made in this film. (Another bad decision was the Khan scream by Spock) However this is just my personal opinion.
If BC was just a brand new character to the Trek Universe, it would have been beyond genius. BC was just so great in this film. All Trek fans were blessed to have him. Apparently some Star Wars fans are begging JJ to cast him in episode 7.
If only he had not been Khan. Trek could have created a brand new iconic villain for this generation solely because of BC's great acting, cool demeanour and enduring presence on screen.
Last edited by M'Sharak; August 21 2013 at
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Originally written on The Penalty Flag | Last updated 10/29/12
Welcome to the show today, are you ready to play QB swap? The game is straight forward, find five dysfunctional NFL teams and swap their quarterbacks. Will they succeed and become a harmonious NFL organization at last? Or will the swap do nothing, but reveal the internal dysfunction that was partly the reason the QB wasn't succeeding? These questions and more to be answered with the Philadelphia Eagles, Jacksonville Jaguars, New York Jets, Kansas City Chiefs and Arizona Cardinals. Let's begin with the teams that have nothing to lose with the Kansas City Chiefs and Jacksonville Jaguars. Both teams are 1-6, both teams have underperforming quarterbacks and both teams are anything but harmonious over the past couple seasons.… Read more
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No PS2 port of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
updated 02:40 pm EDT, Tue September 19, 2006
No Vice City Stories PS2
Liberty City Stories was so successful in its original PSP edition, Rockstar decided to port it to the PS2. With Vice City Stories coming on October 30th, one would think that another PS2 game would be around the corner. Not so, says CVG. The site was told by Rockstar representatives that the developer "has no plans to do so." Rockstar may eventually change its mind, naturally, but it's discouraging that the company refuses the possibility. On the other hand, it may have a good excuse. Since GTA4 is just over a year away, it could be that Rockstar is devoting all its resources to its biggest cash-cow.


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YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio (PRWEB) May 01, 2013
A product fair featuring companies that specialize in medical supplies for ostomy patients is slated for 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. May 14 at HM Home Care, 979 Tibbetts-Wick Road, Girard.
Convatec, Hollister and Coloplast are among the companies that will be represented during the fair, which takes place during the monthly meeting of the Youngstown Area Ostomy Support Group.
The Youngstown Area Ostomy Support Group provides ostomy patients and their families and friends the opportunity to share experiences while receiving ongoing education and information.
Ostomies – surgically created openings that provide for the elimination of wastes from the body – are very common. Close to a million people in the United States, thousands in the Youngstown-Warren area alone, have ostomies, reports Anna Fitzgerald, enterostomal therapy nurse and founder of the Youngstown Area Ostomy Support Group. Ostomies are often required by patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, cancer, diverticulitis or colitis.
Meetings of the Youngstown Area Ostomy Support Group take place the second Tuesday of each month with meeting places alternating between Humility of Mary Health Partners' HM Home Care office in Girard and St. Elizabeth Boardman Health Center. Meetings are open to the public, refreshments are provided and parking is free.
The Youngstown Area Ostomy Support Group is a member of the United Ostomy Association of America Inc. (UOAA), a national network for bowel and urinary diversion support groups in the United States.
For information, call 330.480.3440.
About Humility of Mary Health Partners:
Humility of Mary Health Partners is an integrated health system located in the Youngstown/Warren area. It is a region of Catholic Health Partners (CHP) in Cincinnati, the largest health system in Ohio and one of the largest Catholic health systems
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


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What are they going to do in 2025! It's going to ruin everything lol
Madden XX25?? Maybe we will be lucky and the franchise won't last that long... Have you ever heard that man drone on about one single play of football? He can make one play last the while quarter if he wanted to, thankfully he has pat someral to shut him up


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Academic Rigor
Dorm Life
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Campus Safety
To find more tips for prospective students, what to do for fun and whether this school is great for a particular type of student read the 42 reviews for Roane State Community College
Curious about something that isn't answered here? Feel free to ask Roane State Community College a question
Roane State is a quick and affordable education. Roane State offers many different programs and paths to acheive them. At Roane State, be prepared to be your own advocate in financial aid.Read More
Roane State provides a laid back, comfortable atmosphere that is perfect to learn in. Students and faculty are a close knit family. This college and the people have made the past two years the best of my life.Read More
It's a great small school--provides an excellent easy start to prepare for a four year institution. It provides many resources and almost every professor I've had has been great at what they do and passionate about it.Read More
I like this community college very much. The teachers actually pay attention to their students. We are not just a number.Read More
Close to home and work, which makes my life so much easier. Very helpful and kind professors and staff. Everyone here cares about you and want you to do the best possible.Read More
Roane State Community College is an excellent place for someone to begin their college career before transferring to a larger university. The smaller campuses encourage a feeling of closeness and teachers are almost always available if you need their help. Classes can be very challenging and educational.Read More
Roane State is dedicated to allowing each individualized student to design a career path that suits their interests and goals. The Class sizes are small which allows for effective teaching. And the staff is generally very helpful and willing to work with the students - both currently enrolled and prospective.Read More
Roane State Community College is a great place to get education because they have diverse majors for a 2-year college, offer opportunities for dual enrollments toward a Bachelor's Degree, and have classes designed specifically for transferring to 4-year university. The teachers appreciate their students and teach in a fashion that makes learning more than getting credits in a one-size-fits-all education. The staff is very kind and helpful when trying to find information regarding the school.Read More
Roane State is very affordable, and the faculty is very knowledgable in their fields. I have been attending Roane State for two years and love it. I also have a four year degree from a major university and would recommend Roane State over a four year university.Read More


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Tippmann X7 Phenom Paintball Marker 68
Availability: In Stock
Product Code:PM-TIP-X7PHENOM
Manufacturer:Paintball Guns, Markers, Barrel, Hopper
- Pushpin Construction for Easy Field Stripping
- All-metal Trigger for Enhanced Stability
- Three Position Selector Switch with third Position having Five Firing Modes
- Magnetically Activated Hall Effect Electronics
- Quick Release Magazine with Built-in Tool Storage
- The Internal Gasline and lack of Cocking Handle offer a more realistic look
- Redesigned Cyclone Feed System Paddles feed up to 20 balls-per-second without batteries
- Piccatinny Top Rail to easily add new sights or handles
- Compatible with Air-thru Stocks
- Removable Front and Rear Sights
- Low Profile, offset Hopper for clear line of sight
- Modular Foregrip with two rails to add sights and Scopes
- Internal regulator with new External Velocity Adjustment (tool required)
- 9.5" high performance, stone-honed barrel
- Includes Maintenance Pack, Barrel Blocking Device, and Marker Lubricant
- Two year marker Warranty
- Made in the USA
The X7 Phenom with FlexValve Technology is the first electro-pneumatic paintball marker to offer the combination of improved air efficiency, superior accuracy, manual or electronic mode firing, and the flexibility of CO2 or compressed air usage. The new FlexValve operates below 300 PSI for improved air efficiency allowing you to get over 1,400 shots from a 68 cubic inch 4500 psi tank. Also, due to its Spool Valve design, recoil is virtually eliminated for improved accuracy.
As an added benefit, the Phenom's searless design incorporates fewer wear parts, making maintenance easier than ever. Best of all, because this new marker is built around the existing X7 platform, the Phenom_which is nearly 3 inches shorter than the X7_can still accept more than 20 current X7 mods and upgrades, including the popular Flatline Barrel.
Players have never been offered such a complete package _ the performance of a tournament marker�he flexibility of a mechanical marker�he durability of a Tippmann�nd the ability to customize their marker with thousands of different looks. With the new X7 Phenom priced similar to the current X7 with eGrip, the X7 Phenom truly is in a class of its own.
Tippmann has worked very hard to minimize the number of new accessories the current X7 player needs to buy to upgrade their X7 Phenom. However, as you know, there are key design differences between the original X7 and the X7 Phenom, specifically the difference between the new FlexValve in the Phenom compared to the traditional in-line bolt system used in the original X7. In addition, we also combined this new technology with the patented Flatline Barrel. Thanks to customer feedback and extensive testing, we discovered that a slight modification could significantly improve performance of the Flatline Barrel when used with an X7 Phenom. The change, although relatively simple, ensures optimal performance of these two great products when used together.
Therefore, for X7 Phenom users we have developed a new adapter that replaces the existing adapter when used with the X7 Phenom. The adapter is the only component that changes―the barrel and shroud are compatible with both markers. This easy-to-install adapter (the green part in the picture below) was reduced slightly at the entry point because the X7 Phenom front bolt stroke is shorter than the original X7. This adapter change will cure any potential
Additional Information
|Paintball Guns, Markers, Barrel, Hopper
|Battery & Charger Included
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text: Quick View save 8% Macbeth (No Fear Shakespeare Graphic Novels) by Sparknotes January 25, 2008 | Trade Paperback In stock online from $10.89 No Fear Shakespeare Graphic Novels is a series based on the translated texts of the plays found in No Fear Shakespeare . The original No Fear series made Shakespeare's plays much easier to read, but these dynamic visual adaptations are impossible to put down. Each of the titles is… See Details $11.46 / $10.89 lowest price*was $11.95


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Weekdays at Noon on 92.3 KTAR
KTAR Middays
Website shaming 'homewreckers' growing in popularity
The Internet is a place where people are constantly posting their complaints or personal issues.
But a new website growing in popularity is starting to turn some heads.
The new site, shesahomewrecker.com (WARNING: SITE CONTAINS ADULT CONTENT), looks to shame women (and now men) who have allegedly broken up a marriage. The site identifies the person by name, the city they live in and even has an accompanying photo.
The problem with the site is that it does not require any sort of authentication. All a user has to do is it submit, the form is reviewed and the supposed "homewrecker" is Internet famous.
Of course, the site includes a note that the owners aren't responsible for the content as it could contain "rumors, speculation, assumptions, factual information and opinions." But that doesn't protect a woman from being wrongly accused.
What do you think? Is a site like this acceptable?
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For those who actually want to see this happen:
Watched it numerous times now, makes my hair stand on end with exhilleration each and every time.
Here's hoping the kickstarter is succesful this time! ^^
Clues are in the Video Po_gg, jump on the IRC and try to find it.
Fun Fact: The file name is a code for someone familiar to the universe.
Kosac: The Black Watchmen Comic Book & Game and The Secret World are two separate IP. TBW is not related to Funcom but to a new kickstarter campaign:
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|1 posts found
Novice Member
Joined: 2/12/09
My YouTube channel has seen a lot of success lately (way more than I expected) and I would like to get you guys in a pretty excited mood. I have a new Guild Wars 2 guide coming this week, and an epic (trust me on that J) new Guild Wars 2 endeavor coming to YouTube within the next few months. Until then, I'll continue making guides and covering F2P news across the board.
There's been a lot of criticism (a lot of it constructive, thankfully), and it's made me a lot better and a lot more dedicated to the quality of videos I put out there. Since beginning the channel I've gotten a new computer and monitor setup so that I'm more capable of recording and rendering videos all the way up to 1080p. This is only the beginning, for both hardware upgrades and quality/content improvement. Trust me, things have just begun, and I truly appreciate everyone who has supported me thus far.
Oh, and did I mention that I'm doing a giveaway? (:


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Viewers: in countries Watching now:
In Access 2010 Essential Training, Alicia Katz Pollock gives a comprehensive overview of creating databases in Access 2010, whether using predefined database templates or building from scratch. This course covers each step of constructing and modifying databases for custom purposes, as well as working with tables, forms, queries, macros, and reports and charts for record keeping and analysis. Exercise files are included with the course.
If you want to use an Access table as a data source for Microsoft Word Mail Merge, you can either do that from inside Word when you start to merge, or you can initiate it from inside Access. First, click on the table you want to use as the data source. Then click on the External Data tab and choose Word Merge. It will ask if you want to use an existing document or start from a blank. Using already existing documents is perfect in a business setting, but for now we'll choose a blank document. Click OK. Word will open up automatically and start the Mail Merge Wizard.
Let's maximize our window. We will accept the defaults for the first two steps of the Wizard. On step three, you can see your table already listed as the data source. When I click on the Insert Merge Field button, you'll see all the fields from your Access Table. I'll choose Company, and then I'll click on Preview Results, and there is my first customer. Now we are not going to do the rest of the Mail Merge now. To learn how, please see our Microsoft Word 2010 Essential training, but it's wonderfully convenient to start a Word Mail Merge and select your data source with just one button-click.
Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about Access 2010 Essential Training .
Here are the FAQs that matched your search "" :
Sorry, there are no matches for your search "" —to search again, type in another word or phrase and click search.
Access exercise files from a button right under the course name.
Search within course videos and transcripts, and jump right to the results.
Remove icons showing you already watched videos if you want to start over.
Make the video wide, narrow, full-screen, or pop the player out of the page into its own window.
Click on text in the transcript to jump to that spot in the video. As the video plays, the relevant spot in the transcript will be highlighted.


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Getting to the Bottom of my Underwear
Dear reader, it's time to pack up my panties and head south for a little R&R. Well, this might be an overstatement. Hubby and I are taking the offspring to the land of Mickey. Fact is, I don't know how much relaxing I'll be doing.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining. I'm looking forward to this little trip of ours. But I'm gonna need all the support I can get. And you know what this means, don't you? My underpants better be up to snuff.
When I first started wearing miel®, I fell in love with their seamless design, bright colours and super soft touch. They look—and feel!—so good. But there's more to them than just good looks. The Miel Sisters are quick to point out that their unmentionables not only are breathable and moisture wicking but also keep a gal feeling fresh from morning to night.
Breathable? Moisture wicking? Gosh, I just want a nice pair of panties.
Moisture-Wicking Underwear
Miel® intimates are made out of a Spandex and microfiber blend with the power to wick away moisture. Neat, huh? Yes, but … what does this mean? My trusty Oxford partially helped by defining "to wick" as the ability to "absorb or draw off moisture" but I was too distracted by the expression "to dip one's wick"(which you can look up for yourselves) to pay much attention to anything else.
So I turned to the experts. (How did people manage before Google?) To wick away moisture means that the fabric weave forces moisture out instead of absorbing it. Moisture is released to the exterior where it evaporates upon contact with air. So you always feel nice and dry in your knickers. That's a plus when you're having a long day. With a couple of screaming kids. At the world's largest amusement park.
What About Feeling Fresh?
My miel® undies do keep me feeling fresh a lot longer than my old cotton briefs. And guess what? There's actual science to back this up. Did you know that all miel® lingerie includes a built-in botanical antimicrobial protection against stains and odors? Derived from essential oils and minerals, Guardin™, an eco-friendly natural product, is added during the textile manufacturing process. It prevents the growth of nasty bacteria causing odor or stains so bras and panties remain clean and odorless for a nice long time.
Knowledge is key when it comes to dressing for a trip fit for a mouse. Looks like I'm all set for a fun-filled stay at Disney. Now, if only I could get my kids to be more like my underwear: fresh, odorless and stain free.


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Plunging toward the trough of a shockwave, the engine screams to a halt.
Remove the turkey to a cutting board with a trough to catch any drippings and let it rest for about 20 minutes.
Strangely, the year marked a trough, since their 1996 return reported donations of $35,530.
Old English trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugoz (cf. Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old Norse trog, Middle Dutch troch, Dutch trog, Old High German troc, German trog), perhaps ultimately from PIE *drukos, from root *dru- "wood, tree" (see tree). Originally pronounced in English with a hard -gh- (as in Scottish loch); pronunciation shifted to -f-, but spelling remained.
noun phrase
Diarrhea; the SHITS (1904+)


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By Army Sgt. 1st Class Tyrone C. Marshall Jr.American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, March 4, 2014 A senior Defense Department official says the Pentagon will not be able to manage some of the changes that will be required should another budget sequester be imposed in 2016, as current law has it.
Katrina G. McFarland, assistant secretary of defense for acquisition, addressed the department's budget challenges at Aviation Week's Defense Technologies and Requirements Conference here.
"They're too sharp, too quick," she said. "We cannot reduce the force fast enough, and we cannot preserve the integrity -- that means [a] hollow force. So we're very concerned about how to maintain a level."
McFarland said the department's fiscal 2015 budget request seeks to ensure that "our systems -- that's our mission, our program, our capabilities -- are maintained," and to make sure the programs can be executed.
"So in order to make the trades fit in a lower top line, you basically squash out programs or you eliminate them," McFarland said. "And that is inefficient. It's ineffective." The department used Better Buying Power initiatives in the process of putting this budget request together, she said.
"It's not a mantra, it's not a reform," McFarland said. "It's a continuous process … with tools in it to allow our workforce a cheap means of achieving a better price for the goods. We're not after profit. We're trying to find a way to get our prices down, so we can afford more within what we have for funds."
Sequestration impedes that approach, she said.
"You cannot do some of the better acquisition tradecraft when you're confined to a very specific spend," she said. "It means you slow down programs, even though you could achieve them quicker and [more] efficiently. You have to push a budget caused by a depressed top line out to the right, which means the program of raw cost goes up."
As a consequence, DOD officials had to make some hard choices to retain as much efficiency as they could while providing for viability, she added.
McFarland also revisited the six priorities Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel outlined for budget and strategic planning efforts in November 2013.
One is institutional reform. "We're not just looking at how we do the tradecraft with acquisition," she added, "but how we can change the way we do business to be more efficient."
Hagel's second priority is re-evaluation of the military's force planning construct, McFarland said, and the third is to prepare for a prolonged military challenge.
The secretary's fourth priority is to protect investment and emerging military capabilities such as space, cyber, special operations forces and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. "We have really taken a close look at those areas as necessary to protect our investments for the future," McFarland said.
"His fifth is balance," she continued. "Balance in every area -- capacity to capability, active to reserve forces, forward station to home base, conventional to unconventional forces. What is the appropriate balance? That is the challenge for us."
The secretary's sixth priority is personnel, and "that is related to compensation … one of the toughest challenges that we have," McFarland said.
"Compensation also needs to be addressed in terms of how we can make what we have affordable," she said. "Right now, people -- personnel -- account for more than 50 percent of our available budget. So we have to take a look at what we're doing. We can have a very well-compensated, unequipped force, or we can have a balance. And that is a very, very tough challenge."
(Follow Army Sgt. 1st Class Tyrone Marshall on Twitter: @MarshallAFPS)
Related Sites:Special Report: Fiscal Year 2015 Budget ProposalSpecial Report: 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review
Related Articles:Hagel: Six Priorities Shape Future Defense Institutions


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Ask Ananda's Experts
Questions and Answers About Meditation, Yoga, the Spiritual Life, and More
Intuition and Superconsciousness
wanted to develope intutive power
Intuitive insight is an expression of superconsciousness. This is developed by a deep, regular practice of meditation. The more we concentrate at the higher chakras - especially the spiritual eye and the heart center - the more we are able to tune in to higher levels of awareness.
Yoganandaji taught that the spiritual eye is like a sending station that can project our thoughts and questions to the Divine. The heart is the receiving station and is able to draw intuitive answers. But our consciousness needs to be calm and impersonal before we can clearly send or receive thoughts clearly. This is way deep meditation is so important to the process.
Also remember that devotion and surrender to God is essential - we must want to do His will, not just develop powers.
- Ananda
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Elizabeth Jeanes & Steven Jeanes
First Class Accounts - Narre Warren
PO Box 2231
Fountain Gate 3805 VIC
1800 082 066
0407 757 511
Elizabeth has +15 years payroll and office adminstration experience working for some of the countries largest employers.
At First Class Accounts
Skills and Qualifications
- Cert IV Financial Services - Accounting
- Certified Xero Advisor
- Intuit Certified ProAdvisor
- AAT Member
- Bank reconciliations
- GST settings and BAS returns
- Accounts payable and receivable
- Weekly, monthly or quarterly accounts management
- Financial reports and analysis
- Debt management
- Cash flow management
- Stock control and inventory
- Payroll, payment summaries and superannuation
- Software training
Dear Elizabeth & Steven, We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the generous help and support you gave us throughout the past year. We began our business with very limited knowledge and experience, when we were first introduced to you, little did we know, we were about to start a wonderful journey while working with you guys. We wanted to say that Shingle Inn would not be able to reach today's achievement without your amazing work. Each time we visited your home, we are feeling so lucky to know such a lovely family and we benefit greatly from your help every time, while Li might need to come up with some new reasons to stick in your office for hours now.? Thank you again for always being incredibly organised, accurate, and reliable. We admire your amazing work and hope we will always have the opportunity to learn from you. Take care and keep in touch. ? Sincerely, Yumi & LiShingle Inn, Fountain Gate
Thanks guys for such a wonderful service as first class accountant are the best. We couldn't have found anyone better. Thanks guys for your help and this amazing service!Cupcake Bakery, Fountain Gate
Areas Serviced
- 3802 Endeavour Hills
- 3803 Hallam
- 3804 Narre Warren East
- 3805 Narre Warren
- 3805 Narre Warren South
- 3806 Berwick
- 3807 Beaconsfield
- 3808 Beaconsfield Upper
- 3809 Officer
- 3810 Pakenham
- 3812 Nar Nar Goon
- 3813 Tynong
- 3814 Garfield
- 3815 Bunyip
- 3816 Longwarry
- 3976 Hampton Park
- 3978 Clyde
- 3177 Doveton


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Hack the planet? Geoengineering research, ethics, governance exploredDecember 18, 2013 7:54 am | by Hannah Hickey, Univ. of Washington | News | Comments
A dozen research papers in a recent special issue of the journal Climate Change are devoted to the topic of geoengineering. They include the most detailed description yet of the proposed Oxford Principles to govern geoengineering research, as well as surveys on the technical hurdles, ethics and regulatory issues related to deliberately manipulating the planet's climate.
Change in Pacific nitrogen content tied to climate changeDecember 17, 2013 2:40 pm | by Anne M. Stark, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | News | Comments
Using a new isotope technique and deep sea corals gathered near the Hawaiian Islands, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientist, in collaboration with Univ. of California Santa Cruz colleagues, has determined that a long-term shift in nitrogen content in the Pacific Ocean has occurred as a result of climate change. This shift is similar to major paleoceanographic transitions in the sedimentary record.
Environment drives genetic changes in Evolution CanyonDecember 12, 2013 10:27 am | News | Comments
Interplay between genes and the environment has been pondered at least since the mid-1800s. But until the arrival of modern genomic sequencing tools, it was hard to measure the extent that the environment had on a species' genetic makeup. Now, researchers studying fruit flies that live on opposite slopes of a unique natural environment known as "Evolution Canyon" show the driving force in the gene pool is largely the environment.
Chemists discover long-lived greenhouse gasDecember 10, 2013 12:15 pm | by Kim Luke, Univ. of Toronto | News | Comments
Scientists from the Univ. of Toronto have discovered a novel chemical lurking in the atmosphere that appears to be a long-lived greenhouse gas (LLGHG). The chemical—perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA)—is the most radiatively efficient chemical found to date, breaking all other chemical records for its potential to affect climate.
Geoengineering approaches to reduce climate change unlikely to succeedDecember 5, 2013 10:01 am | News | Comments
Two German researchers have used a simple energy balance analysis to explain how the Earth's water cycle responds differently to heating by sunlight than it does to warming due to a stronger atmospheric greenhouse effect. This difference, their work shows, implies that reflecting sunlight to reduce temperatures may have unwanted effects on the Earth's rainfall patterns.
Study: Ocean crust lavas could store many centuries of industrial carbon dioxideDecember 4, 2013 10:54 am | News | Comments
At high pressures and low temperatures, such as those in the deep oceans, carbon dioxide occurs as a liquid that is denser than seawater. Researchers in England have identified regions beneath the oceans where the igneous rocks of the upper ocean crust could safely store very large volumes of carbon dioxide.
The lingering cloudsNovember 26, 2013 8:14 am | News | Comments
A new study reveals how pollution causes thunderstorms to leave behind larger, deeper, longer lasting clouds. Appearing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the results solve a long-standing debate and reveal how pollution plays into climate warming. The work can also provide a gauge for the accuracy of weather and climate models.
Even if emissions stop, carbon dioxide could warm Earth for centuriesNovember 25, 2013 8:29 am | by Morgan Kelly, Princeton Univ. | News | Comments
According to recent Princeton Univ.-led research that simulated an emissions-free Earth, the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere could continue to warm our planet for hundreds of years, even if emission came to a sudden halt. The study suggests that it might take a lot less carbon than previously thought to reach the global temperature scientists deem unsafe.
Pre-industrial rise in methane gas had natural and anthropogenic causesNovember 22, 2013 9:15 am | News | Comments
For years scientists have intensely argued over whether increases of potent methane gas concentrations in the atmosphere, from about 5,000 years ago to the start of the industrial revolution, were triggered by natural causes or human activities. A new study suggests the increase in methane likely was caused by both.
Turmoil at climate talks as blame game heats upNovember 20, 2013 8:15 pm | by Karl Ritter, Associated Press | News | Comments
With two days left at the U.N. climate talks in Warsaw, there was commotion Wednesday after negotiators for developing nations said they walked out of a late-night meeting on compensation for the impact of global warming. Rich and poor nations are struggling with a yawning rift as developing countries look for new ways to make developed countries accept responsibility for global warming and pay for it.
Scientists brave Old Man Winter to dig out secrets of lake-effect snowsNovember 19, 2013 7:15 am | News | Comments
Rare anywhere, thundersnow is sometimes heard during the lake-effect snowstorms of the Great Lakes. The interaction of clouds and ice pellets inside these storms generates a charge, with lightning and thunder the result. But how to catch thundersnow in action? Doppler-on-Wheels, a system used for other types of storms, will try to find them this winter.
Japan dials back climate change emissions targetNovember 15, 2013 11:22 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Activists taking part in U.N. climate talks say Japan's decision to drastically scale back its target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions will hurt the battle against global warming. The new target approved by the Japanese Cabinet calls for reducing emissions by 3.8% from their 2005 level by 2020.
Scientists find precipitation, global warming linkNovember 12, 2013 10:41 am | News | Comments
The rain in Spain may lie mainly on the plain, but the location and intensity of that rain is changing not only in Spain but around the globe. A new study by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists shows that observed changes in global (ocean and land) precipitation are directly affected by human activities and cannot be explained by natural variability alone.
Preparing for hell and high waterNovember 11, 2013 10:21 am | by Mary Beckman, PNNL | News | Comments
Changes are already happening to Earth's climate due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and large-scale agriculture. As changes get more pronounced, people everywhere will have to adjust. In this week's issue of the journal Science, an international group of researchers urge the development of science needed to manage climate risks and capitalize on unexpected opportunities.
Clean Air Act has improved water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershedNovember 7, 2013 7:00 am | News | Comments
A new study shows that the reduction of pollution emissions from power plants in the mid-Atlantic is making an impact on the quality of the water that ends up in the Chesapeake Bay. The study confirms a decreased amount of emissions of nitrogen oxide from coal-fired power plants.
The oldest ice core: Finding a 1.5 million-year record of Earth's climateNovember 5, 2013 12:24 pm | News | Comments
How far into the past can ice-core records go? Scientists have now identified regions in Antarctica they say could store information about Earth's climate and greenhouse gases extending as far back as 1.5 million years, almost twice as old as the oldest ice core drilled to date.
Going deep to study long-term climate evolutionOctober 31, 2013 10:46 am | News | Comments
A Rice Univ.-based team of geoscientists is going to great lengths—from Earth's core to its atmosphere—to get to the bottom of a long-standing mystery about the planet's climate. The team will focus on how carbon moves between Earth's external and internal systems.
Technologies to characterize natural gas emissions tested in field experimentsOctober 29, 2013 8:08 am | News | Comments
A new collaborative science program is pioneering the development of ultra-sensitive methane-sensing technology. Methane, the principal component of natural gas, is one of many gases whose presence in the atmosphere contributes to global climate change. It is a goal of industry and scientists alike to better constrain the source flux of fugitive methane emissions from man-made activities.
How climate change affects microbial life below the seafloorOctober 22, 2013 4:21 pm | News | Comments
For more a decade scientists have investigated microbial life under the seafloor off the coast of Peru. Traces of past microbial life in sediments reveal how these ecosystems have responded to climate change over hundreds of thousands of years. Little is known about how the "deep biosphere" developed over millennia and how microbial life influences the cycling of carbon in the oceans.
How important are plants on Earth?October 17, 2013 8:43 am | News | Comments
Enhanced growth of Earth's leafy greens during the 20th century has significantly slowed the planet's transition to being red-hot, according to the first study to specify the extent to which plants have prevented climate change since pre-industrial times. Researchers based at Princeton Univ. found that land ecosystems have kept the planet cooler by absorbing billions of tons of carbon, especially during the past 60 years.
Study: Climate change will wreak havoc on oceans by 2100October 17, 2013 8:14 am | News | Comments
A new study looking at the impacts of climate change on the world's ocean systems concludes that by the year 2100, about 98% of the oceans will be affected by acidification, warming temperatures, low oxygen or lack of biological productivity. These biogeochemical changes triggered by greenhouse gas emissions will not only affect marine habitats and organisms, but will often co-occur in areas that are heavily used by humans.
Stanford drones open way to new world of coral researchOctober 16, 2013 2:43 pm | by Rob Jordan, Stanford Univ. | News | Comments
Scientists still know relatively little about the world's biggest corals, where they are and how long they have lived. Camera-equipped flying robots which have the ability to film these corals from the air promise new insights into climate change effects on important ecosystems.
Without plants, Earth would cook under billions of tons of additional carbonOctober 16, 2013 2:19 pm | by Morgan Kelly, Princeton Univ. | News | Comments
Enhanced growth of Earth's leafy greens during the 20th century has significantly slowed the planet's transition to being red-hot, according to the first study to specify the extent to which plants have prevented climate change since pre-industrial times. Researchers have found that land ecosystems have kept the planet cooler by absorbing billions of tons of carbon, especially during the past 60 years.
Giant channels discovered beneath Antarctic ice shelfOctober 7, 2013 2:38 am | News | Comments
Scientists have discovered huge ice channels beneath a floating ice shelf in Antarctica. At 250 m high, the channels are almost as tall as the Eiffel tower and stretch hundreds of kilometers along the ice shelf. The channels are likely to influence the stability of the ice shelf and their discovery will help researchers understand how the ice will respond to changing environmental conditions.
Global electric circuit model to help scientists understand electricity in the airOctober 4, 2013 11:35 am | News | Comments
Electrical currents born from thunderstorms are able to flow through the atmosphere and around the globe, causing a detectable electrification of the air even in places with no thunderstorm activity. But a good understanding of atmospheric conductivity has eluded scientists. Now, a research team in Colorado has developed a global electric circuit model by adding an additional layer to a climate model.


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Sterling Silver and Amethyst Ring 1 1
More Beautiful On My Finger Than in the Picture The color is a lighter purple than most amethyst stones I have owned. The design is perfect and I love it! February 23, 2015
1-1 of 1
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Sean Boog
Albums & Mixtapes
Album: Big Boy Music (Maxi-Single)
Jamla emcee and Away Team member Sean Boog has joined forces with The DJBooth to offer up his new Big Boy Music Maxi-Single for free streaming and digital download. In addition to the original record, as heard on the... More
Posted 2 years ago
Album: Sean Boogie Nights
Jamla representer and one-half of The Away Team, Sean Boog, channels the energy and...um...size of the classic flick Boogie Nights for his latest album Sean Boogie Nights. Featuring lead single A Love That Never Dies, Boogie... More
Posted about 3 years ago
Album: Phantom of the Jamla
North Carolina repper and Away Team frontman Sean Boog has hooked up with DJBooth.net to bring fans his sophomore solo mixtape, Phantom of the Jamla. The project features 16 fresh cuts from the IWWMG/Jamla signee, including... More
Posted 4 years ago


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November 13, 2014
Very stylish good quality and warm
May 10, 2014
Warm & comfortable
February 20, 2014
Liked this hat as it was different kept my head warm and love the style.
February 09, 2014
Hat is deep in its design and has a snug fit
January 03, 2014
A lovely hat for people who don't normally suit hats! a little warm glamour to the winter months.
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ological concerns have been raised (Bowden et al., 2000; Calabrese et al., 2001a; Goodwin, 1999). Some also caution that although the data is mostly positive, the anti-suicidal effect of lithium may not be as strong as originally thought (Bowden et al., 2000).
One of the confounding issues in these studies is the time course of psychopharmacological treatment. Decreased rates of suicide are most pronounced when lithium has been used for a minimum of 2 years (Baldessarini and Tondo, 1999). Rates were reduced only while the patients took lithium; following discontinuation of lithium, the rates began to rise to levels similar to those seen prior to the commencement of lithium. Rapid discontinuation of lithium may lead to a more dramatic increase in rates of suicidal behavior as compared to more gradual discontinuation. Early studies, because of their abrupt discontinuation of lithium, may have increased placebo relapse figures (Bowden et al., 2000). Tondo, Baldessarini and colleagues (Baldessarini and Tondo, 1999; Tondo and Baldessarini, 2000; Baldessarini et al., 1999; Tondo et al., 1997) noted that the latency from onset of bipolar disorder to lithium maintenance in their patients averaged 8.3 years, but that half of the suicidal acts had occurred in the first 7.5 years. Thus, it may be of crucial importance to commence lithium treatment as early as possible in the course of bipolar disorder for patients thought to be at risk for suicidal behavior. It is noteworthy that lithium and clozapine (see below) are both effective in reducing suicidal behavior and both require regular clinic visits and blood tests. This suggests a benefit from regular clinic monitoring.
Nonadherence with medication, particularly lithium, is a critical issue for individuals with bipolar disorder and one of the primary reasons for poor treatment response (Goodwin and Jamison, 1990). Since lithium treatment is associated with an almost 8-fold decreased suicide rate (Tondo and Baldessarini, 2000), this has a serious impact on suicide risk. Research has shown that almost one-half of patients with bipolar disorder are non-adherent to lithium treatment at some point in their lives, and one-third are non-adherent two or more times (Jamison and Akiskal, 1983; Jamison et al., 1979). Younger males within the first year of lithium treatment and those patients who have elevated moods and a history of euphoric manias, especially those who complain about missing the "highs" of their illness, are more likely to be nonadherent (Goodwin and Jamison, 1990). Many people stop taking their medication after being released from the hospital, one of the factors causing significantly increased risk of suicide during this period (see below). Furthermore, clinical research with bipolar populations is very difficult due to poor treatment adherence (Goodwin and Jamison, 1990; Goodwin, 1999; Jamison and Akiskal, 1983; Jamison et al., 1979), and the poor adherence rate makes interpreting results more difficult and the conclusions less powerful in many studies.


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Call our Gear Heads
at: 800-449-9128
Over 50 popular hits as performed on Broadway. Includes: All Shook Up • Dreamgirls • Footloose • Mamma Mia • Movin' Out (Anthony's Song) • Seasons of Love • Stayin' Alive • Summer Nights • Wouldn't It Be Nice • You'll Be in My Heart • and more.
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A low-voltage circuit breaker has a locking lever to prevent transfer of the circuit breaker handle entirely into its "off" position if the movable contact is blocked in its "on" position by being welded to the fixed contact. The locking lever is rotatably mounted on the control shaft, which is pivotally moved by a drive lever which is connected to the control shaft by a toggle lever system including two toggle levers and a toggle hinge pin joining them together. The fork arms embrace a working surface on the drive lever and the toggle hinge pin. The working surface and the hinge pin are spaced closer together than the arms when the circuit breaker handle is in its "on" position to allow only partial movement of the handle toward its "off" position unless the movable contact is free to move to its "off" position before the locking lever pivots to a position in which it engages both the working surface and the toggle hinge pin. The locking lever can be formed as a double lever with a connecting web.
1. A low-voltage circuit breaker comprising a drive lever, an operating handle to move the drive lever, a drive spring connected to the drive lever to be operated thereby, a toggle system including two toggle levers and a toggle joint connecting the levers together, a control shaft connected by the toggle lever system and the drive spring to the drive lever, a movable contact connected to the control shaft to be moved thereby, and a fixed contact in the path of movement of the movable contact to be engaged thereby, the invention comprising:
a locking lever pivotally mounted on the control shaft and movable between an "on" position and an "off" position; and
a working surface on the drive lever, the locking lever comprising a first portion to be engaged by the working surface, whereby the working surface moves the locking lever toward its "off" position when the handle moves towards its "off" position, the locking lever comprising a second portion to be moved toward engagement with the toggle joint when the locking lever is moved by the working surface, the second portion of the locking lever being spaced from the toggle joint pin when the working surface of the drive lever first moves the locking lever, whereby there is play between the second portion of the locking lever and the toggle joint pin such that the locking lever can only be pivoted part way and allows only partial movement of the drive lever and the handle attached thereto unless the toggle joint pin moves out of the way of the second portion of the locking lever.
2. The invention according to claim 1 in which the locking lever comprises:
a first fork arm that engages the working surface of the drive lever; and
a second fork arm angularly spaced from the first fork arm and positioned to move toward the toggle joint pin as the working surface of the drive lever moves the first fork arm toward its "off" position.
3. The invention according to claim 2 in which the fork arms are angularly displaced from each other by a distance greater than the distance between the working surface and the toggle joint pin when the circuit breaker is in its "on" position.
4. The invention according to claim 2 in which the drive lever comrpises two mirror-symmetrical locking lever portions, and each of the locking lever portions comprises bearing means and bracing means.
5. The invention as defined in claim 1 comprising, in addition, a bearing member mounted on the control shaft and having a circularly cylindrical outer surface, the locking lever being mounted rotatably on the circularly cylindrical outer surface of the bearing member and comprising bracing means to restrain undesired movement of the bearing member.
6. The invention as defined in claim 1 in which the locking lever is a double lever and comprises two mirror-symmetrical legs and a web connecting the legs together.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a low voltage protective circuit breaker with an actuating lever that can be moved by an operating handle and is connected by means of a drive spring and two toggle levers to a control shaft on which movable contacts for the circuit breaker are mounted. In particular, the invention relates to a locking lever mounted on the control shaft to prevent moving the handle into its "off" position if the movable contact is blocked in its "on" position so that it remains conductively engaged with the fixed contact.
2. The Prior Art
A protective circuit breaker generally similar to the type described herein is shown in DE-OS No. 25 08 220 in which a locking lever is permanently connected to a control shaft and cooperates with a hinged stop in such a manner that the drive lever and, thereby, the handle mounted on the drive lever, are prevented from being transferred into their "off" position whenever the movable contact is blocked in its "on" position, as, for instance, by being welded to the fixed contact. If, on the other hand, the contacts are not welded together and a normal interruption occurs, the resulting rotation of the control shaft and the corresponding rotation of the locking lever lifts a stop to release the drive lever. In both instances, the latching of the switching mechanism is first released by a release member connected to the drive lever.
Another known device shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,453 for blocking the driving lever if the contacts are blocked comprises a two-armed locking lever supported on the toggle joint of the toggle levers so that one of the arms fits within the turns of a helical drive spring for the toggle levers, while the other lever arm cooperates with the joint pin that connects the toggle levers to the carrier of the movable contact. When that circuit breaker is switched off by hand, the toggle levers are always snapped through in the "off" direction before the engagement direction of the drive spring reaches dead center. Normally, the movable contacts would then be opened completely, but if the movable contacts were blocked so that they could not disengage from the fixed contacts, the driver lever could no longer be pivoted further in the "off" direction because of locking of one lever arm against the movable contact remaining in the "on" position.
It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a simple structure to be incorporated in a circuit breaker to prevent the handle of the circuit breaker from moving to its "off" position when the movable contact is blocked in its "on" position and to transmit a large separation force to separate the movable and fixed contacts.
Another object of the invention is to utilize a locking lever mounted on a control shaft to provide a safe limit for the distance that a drive lever can move when the movable contacts are blocked in such a way as to cause them to maintain connection with the corresponding fixed contacts.
Further objects will become apparent from the following specification together with the drawings.
According to this invention, a circuit breaker is provided with a forked locking lever supported on a control shaft and rotatable with respect to that shaft. The arms of the forked lever embrace the toggle joint of the toggle levers as well as a working surface of the drive lever. The arms of the forked locking lever are arranged to provide a small amount of play corresponding to only a partial movement of the drive lever toward its "off" position. With this arrangement, any force applied during an attempt to switch off the circuit breaker while its movable contact was blocked, would be taken up by the locking lever, itself, which is braced against the control shaft. A particular advantage of this arrangement is that the locking lever engages the toggle joint with a force that is effective in the opening direction of the toggle joint as well as in the direction of the abutment of the toggle levers facing away from the movable contact. This design of the locking lever can be obtained by the shape of the curve of that part of the surface of one of the arms of the forked lever that cooperates with the toggle joint, and it permits relatively high separation forces that are not limited by pre-tension of the switching mechanism due to the drive spring.
As a rule, the points at which the locking lever engages the switching mechanism do not lie in one plane. However, the locking lever can be shaped in a way that makes it suitable for cooperation with these points of engagement by providing a fork arm that is slanted or offset so as to make contact with the working surface of the drive lever. A generally similarly shaped second fork arm is provided for making contact with the toggle joint pin of the toggle lever system. The length of the fork arm depends in part on the space that must be maintained for the possible movement of other components of the switching mechanism or for selectably usable accessories of the protective circuit breaker.
Instead of having one portion of one fork arm angled-off or offset, a corresponding shape of the drive lever could also be provided.
The play between the fork arms of the locking lever and the counter surfaces of the drive lever and the toggle joint can be made relatively large in the "on" direction, as opposed to the condition in which the contacts touch each other. This insures unimpeded closing and prevents damage to the surface of the locking lever that engages the toggle joint.
Control shafts for circuit breakers are customarily provided with a polygonal profile, which is usually square, and they consist of a metal core clad with an insulating material. The locking lever can be supported on that type of polygonal control shaft by means of a bearing body that has a cylindrical outer surface. In addition, the locking lever can be supported against canting or lateral displacement or both. As a result, the fork arms of the locking lever are always aligned with respect to the counter surfaces of the toggle joint and the drive lever, so that the required interaction is insured.
In principle, a single locking lever can be used if the drive lever is arranged in pairs, i.e., as a double lever. However, the forces produced can be controlled still better if two mirror-symmetrical locking levers, in connection with the paired drive lever, are provided so that each has its own support and abutment.
It is even better to arrange the locking lever as a double lever with two mirror-symmetrical branches and a crosspiece or web joining them. This eliminates the danger of canting, and the bearing of the locking lever on the control shaft is stressed in a more desirable way.
FIG. 1 is a side-elevational view of a circuit breaker according to this invention with parts of the outer housing of the circuit breaker broken away to show the interior structure.
FIG. 2 is a side-elevational view of the circuit breaker of FIG. 1 showing the device in an open-circuit position produced by actuation of the operating handle.
FIG. 3 is a side-elevational view of the circuit breaker of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the device in an open-circuit position produced by tripping as a result of an overcurrent condition.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show a control shaft sub-assembly including carriers of movable contacts, as well as a locking lever.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are two views of a locking lever in the form of a casting.
FIG. 8 is a side view of a modified form of locking lever with differently formed fork arms.
FIG. 1 shows a low-voltage circuit breaker 1 of the type commonly referred to as a compact circuit breaker. It has a housing 2 made of insulating material and divided along a parting line 3 into a lower part 4 (according to the orientation of FIG. 1) and an upper part 5. An operating handle 6, which is used to switch the circuit breaker 1 on and off manually, extends from an opening in the part 5. The operating movement of the handle 6 is transmitted by means of a drive lever 7 pivoted about a stationary abutment 10. A main pawl 12 is pivoted on a stationary bearing 11 and has a projection 13 braced against a locking latch 14 when the pawl is in the "on" position, as shown. The locking latch 14 can be released, in a manner per se, by a release shaft 15 that can be pivoted by a well-known thermal or a magnetic tripping device (not shown). A detailed description of a release shaft of this type and other parts of a tripping device is contained in German Pat. No. 28 12 320.
The main pawl 12 supports a toggle lever system including levers 16 and 17. One end of the lever 16 engages a pin 18 on the main pawl 12 and can pivot about it. The levers are connected to each other by a toggle joint pin 20 and are connected by another joint pin 21 to a contact carrier 22. The latter is rigidly fastened onto a control shaft 23 rotatably supported in the lower part 4 of the housing 2 so that the shaft 23 and the carrier 22 pivot as a unit. A movable contact 24 provided with an overlay 25 is connected to the contact carrier 22 by the interposition of well-known contact pressure springs (not shown). The movable contact 24 is located opposite a stationary contact 26 that is also provided with a contact overlay 27. The current path of the protective circuit breaker 1 also comprises a terminal 30 connected to the stationary contact 26 and another terminal 31, which is at the opposite end of the housing 2 and is connected to the movable contact 24 by means of a flexible conductor 32 and a heater 33.
In the "on" position, which is the position illustrated in FIG. 1, the toggle levers 16 and 17 assume their stretched position in response to the force of a drive spring 34 stretched between the the upper end of the drive lever 7 and the toggle joint pin 20. If the operating handle 6 is moved in the direction of the arrow 35, as shown in FIG. 2, the toggle levers are pivoted, or snapped, through, and the position of the main pawl 12 is unchanged. As a result, the contact carrier 22 is rotated counterclockwise by the control shaft 23, and the movable contact 24 is lifted off the stationary 26. Any developing switching arc is quenched by the quenching lamination 36 in the quenching chamber 37.
It must be assumed that the contact overlays 25 and 27 of the movable contact 24 and the stationary contact 26 can become welded together to some degree. This would lead to the locking of the movable contact 24 in the "on" position. To provide for that possibility, the protective circuit breaker 1 has a device that prevents the operating handle 6 from being moved into the "off" position in the direction of the arrow 35 when the movable contact is so locked. An essential component of this protective device is a forked locking lever 40 that is arranged on the control shaft 23 and is supported so that it can be rotated relative to the shaft 23. One arm 41 of the locking lever 40 cooperates with a working surface 42 of the drive lever 7, while another arm 43 cooperates with the toggle pin 20 of the toggle levers 16 and 17.
The locking lever 40 extends beyond the toggle joint of the levers 16 and 17 as well as beyond the drive lever 7 and has a certain amount of play between the toggle joint pin 20 and the fork arm 43, as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, if an attempt is made to switch the protective circuit breaker 1 off when the movable contact 24 is locked, the locking lever 40 will first be taken along by engagement of the arm 41 with the working surface 42 of the drive lever 7, until the other arm 43 makes contact with the toggle joint pin 20 as a result of a certain amount of force on the operating handle 6. This causes the toggle levers 16 and 17 to be snapped through in the "off" direction, but further movement of the drive lever is prevented. As a result, the handle 6 cannot be transferred to its normal "off" position but can be moved only about half way.
The configuration of the arm 43 of the locking lever 40 must be carefully arranged so that no operational motion cycles within the circuit breaker are impeded and so that no interfering wear takes place. For this purpose, the surface 38 of the arm 43 opposite the toggle joint pin 20 is formed so that, when the movable contact 24 is switched on, a minimum amount of play between the toggle pin 20 and the working surface of the drive lever 7, on the one hand, and the arms 41 and 43, on the other hand, still exists.
The force that occurs when an attempt is made to switch the contact 24 to its "off" position at a time when the contacts 24 and 26 are locked together so that such movement of the contact 24 is blocked is substantially taken up by the locking lever 40, itself, so that its support on the control shaft 23 is stressed in compression. The control shaft can therefore be formed from a support body that consists of a suitable plastic material and has an internal channel that fits the profile of the control shaft. The external surface of the support body is a circularly cylindrical support surface for the locking lever 40. This support body can simultaneously be arranged to limit the axial play. The locking lever 40 not only transmits the force for operating the toggle lever system but also a force for separating the contacts 24 and 26 when they have been welded together. The latter force is not limited by pre-tension forces provided in the switching mechanism. In order to achieve this, the arm 43 of the locking lever 40 engages the toggle pin 20 with two force components that have different degrees of effectiveness. One component acts in the direction to cause the toggle levers 16 and 17 to snap through so as to unlatch the movable contact 24. The other component acts in the direction of the abutment pin 18 that drives the toggle lever 16 on the main pawl 12. With a corresponding amount of force at the operating handle 6, a separation force can thereby be exerted on the movable contacts 24 due to the snapping-through of the toggle levers 16 and 17. This separating force is braced by the pin 18 against the main pawl 12 which, in turn, rests againsts the locking strap 14.
FIG. 3 shows the circuit breaker of FIGS. 1 and 2 in an open-circuit position as a result of overcurrent tripping. In response to leftward motion of the locking latch 12, projection 13 of the main pawl 12 is driven upward by operation of the drive spring 34. Drive spring 34 also pulls the movable contact upward to separate the electrical communication between overlays 25 and 27. The circuit breaker is reset by moving operating handle 6 to the "off" position, in the direction of arrow 35. This operation brings the mechanism into the positions shown in FIG. 2. The main pawl 12 is latched with locking latch 14 as it is driven downward by a reset push surface 45 of operating handle 6. Reset push surface 35 communicates with a pawl working surface 46 such that the main pawl 12 is rotated counterclockwise about the stationary bearing 11 as the operating handle 6 is moved to the "off" position. The circuit breaker may then be placed in the "on" position by moving the operating handle to the right, thereby achieving the position of FIG. 1.
Details of the arrangement of the locking lever 40 on the control shaft 23 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. These figures show a small part of the structure, but they show it in more detail than FIGS. 1-3, and different reference numerals are used for the parts. One of these parts is a control shaft 50 that consists of a metal core with insulating plastic pressed all around it. The shaft has a square cross-section, and three contact carriers 51 are located on the shaft and are fastened side by side. Each of the carriers has a part 52 bent into a U-shaped configuration with arms 53 extending from the part closest to the shaft 50. A clamp 54 extends around the control shaft within each of the U-shaped parts 52 and is riveted thereto to provide a rigid connection between the control shaft and the respective contact carrier 51. Bearing members 55 are provided to support the control shaft 50 in the lower part 4 of the housing 2 (FIGS. 1-3) and are arranged movably between the contact carriers 51. The bearing members 55 are described in detail in DE-AS No. 27 57 696. The center contact carrier 51 is located between the legs of a locking lever 56 in the form of a double lever that is rotatable relative to the control shaft 50. For this purpose, branches 57 and 60 extend from the locking lever 56 and each branch is provided with an opening on a further bearing member 61 mounted on the control shaft 50. The bearing members 55, which are required nevertheless, can be used instead of the separate bearing members 61, provided thay are equipped with a corresponding extension in the direction of the branches 57 and 60.
Further details of the locking lever 56 can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, in which the locking lever is shown enlarged relative to the size depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5. The locking lever 56 is produced as a casting so that the two branches 57 and 60, together with a cross-piece 62, are formed as a single part. The branches 57 and 60 are designed with mirror symmetry, and each of them has two arms 63 and 64. These arms have great stiffness to prevent their being spread by the forces in the form of the permissible manual force on the handle 6, such as can occur when attempt is made to switch the circuit breaker off when the movable contact 24 is blocked. The necessary strength of the arms 63 and 64 is provided by a reinforcement rib 65 at each of the two branches 57 and 60 to form a U-shaped profile with the outside wall of the branches. A curved region 66 is provided close to the end of the arm 63. This curved region cooperates with the toggle joint, which, as a rule, is the joint pin 20 shown in FIGS. 1-3 of the switch mechanism.
As has already been mentioned, the curved shape of this region is selected so that a minimal play exists during the switching-on at the instant of making contact and a somewhat larger amount of play, as indicated in FIGS. 1-3, exists in the completely closed condition. The opposite arm 64 has a rounded surface 67 at its end to rest against the drive lever 7 in FIGS. 1-3. Due to the offset form of the arms 63 and 64, the ends of these arms are correctly positioned relative to the counter surfaces of the switching mechanism. For this purpose, the surfaces 67 are provided at the sides of the branches facing away from each other, while the curved regions 66 are located on the sides of the branches facing each other (FIGS. 5 and 8). In the assembled condition of the circuit breaker, the branches of the drive lever 7, which are designed double or in pairs, are parallel to the legs 57 and 60 of the locking levers 66 on the outer side thereof. It is not necessary that the arm 64 be offset or angled outwardly if the drive lever 7 (FIG. 1) has a continuous curvature or an extension or the like.
The bearing lever 61 is in the form of a bushing, the inner surface of which fits the square profile of the control shaft 50 and is movable on the control shaft in the same manner as the bearing members 55. Externally, the bearing members 61 have a cylindrical support area for the inner opening 68 of the locking lever 66. A shoulder 69 is provided to limit the axial mobility of the locking lever 56 and can be part of the bearing members 61, or part of the locking lever 56 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
A locking lever 70, which is also designed as a casting, is shown in FIG. 8. The shape of the arms 71 and 72 is different from the arms 63 and 64 in FIGS. 6 and 7 and is adapted to the different shape and motion of the switching mechanism of another protective circuit breaker. In addition, the locking lever 70 is in the form of a double lever with two parts arranged to be symmetrical with respect to each other and joined by a connecting web 73.
While the locking levers 56 and 70 are shown as castings, for instance chilled-mold castings, locking levers to accomplish the same purpose can also be fabricated of sheet metal by stamping and bending operations. Instead of double levers, individual levers or two individual levers can be used, and these can be made in various ways. The bearing members, or additional separate parts, can prevent lateral displacement or canting or both. With the double levers described, the danger of canting is eliminated so that it is only necessary to limit the lateral displacement.
Although the invention has been disclosed in terms of specific embodiments and applications, persons skilled in the art, in light of this teaching, can generate additional embodiments without departing from the spirit or exceeding the scope of the claims. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the drawings and descriptions in this disclosure are proffered to facilitate comprehension of the invention and should not be construed to limit the scope thereof.
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gdi power plantMay 12, 2010 Prop Model 13 comments
gdi power plant modle for common use and if u want to use it it is ok but credit me
12 comments by flashknight33 on Sep 20th, 2013
welcome back commanders in a new update !! , this time i'll speak shortly about how Nod mechanics within vortex will work , as you guys know vortex represents each faction as one faction only with no real sub-factions however as you play you will get more specialized with more sub-factions technology , speaking about Nod each sub-faction will be represented but two tires upgrades representing The Black Hand and Marked of Kane as you can see below :-
every one of them as demonstrated above is divided in game to two tires or levels , in each tire u can chose only one of these sides , so in short as you advance you can turn your base into either pure MoK or BH or mixed technology depending on your game play style , generally....
The Black Fire will enhance your infantry and flame units while The Essence of Light will provide more air support and enhance your laser and Tiberium weaponry technology beside that they are vital to provide more powerful units and building as the coming tech trees show :-
Buildings Tech Tree :
The first Tire upgrade can be granted from the MCV while the second one is granted from either one of two high tech labs , the tacitus library for MoK and the Blach Hand Battle Lab for BH and once u have chosen one there is no turning back so decide wisely , open the images in new taps to see them bigger
Infantry Tech Tree :
Vehicles Tech Tree :
Aircraft Tech Tree :
Navy Tech Tree :
and before i forget !! , The Redeemer , Megalith and The Kraken also require level 5 general promotion to be unleashed
coming to the Mod status , we were recently working full time on fixing and enhancing nod making ready for the alpha release and here is a slight taste of these improvements
BH Rocket Silo revambed
totally remodeled ,uv mapped and texture to fit more in nod style rather than the old ugly one
MoK mobile stealth generator new model
and i believe u have seen the new Nod CommandBar before :)
on a side note , the empire of shifting sands got some new toys to play with
Maats Wing air fighter
The AirField
at the end all i can say we still working on the mod to the end and be patient for the release it needs a lot of work to be done and actuality we are only two guys who are working on this behemoth mod and above all of that uni starts next day from the time im writing this , so we all want to say thank you for sticking with us all this time , the mod wouldn't have survived except with this passion to it , and dont worry the alpha is coming closer and closer as time goes but its coming slowly though due to uni stuff
any way the mod need any help it can get to post its speed up , so if you are interested and have a talent you want to share with community through rhis mod then you are welcomed as one of us :)
currently we have these places free and need to be filled
- mappers
- sound artists
- professional coders "a history of working with other mods is required "
- 2D artists
- Digital Paints artists
- or any other talent you think it can help the mod
in this case you can Pm me with a sample of your work
gdi power plant modle for common use and if u want to use it it is ok but credit me
some more ideas I thought of but don't know if you did it already.
Each Generals sides have their respective generals to choose, but only one can be chosen per game. This is a tier 3/4 upgrade, the player of the General sides still starts with a balanced army, they get the benefit of that general after the selection.
Sorry for late reply have been too busy and yeah u got the idea right its similar to how nod mechanics r done but wat r u saying summarizes it more or less , the full plan is not made yet due to some coding limitations concerning the upgrade mechanics in game :)
Will General Ironside, General Mohmar, and General Leang appear as one of the choices? I played Shockwave and Ironside is armor, Mohmar(Deathstrike) is junk recycle, and Leang were the artillery and special weapons.
What do you plan to make them specializes in if they will be made available to play?
Also what about the RA sides, they are the only ones that I can't come up with sub-factions. Maybe a mixture of RA1, RA2, and RA3 units?
Look im not concerned to cross over with another mod , SW has my respect but plz dont mirror any ideas from other mods , beside I said as how nod works , do u see generals for nod ? the answer is no , there will ve upgrades with laser , air force and so on themes but no generals and this is the same for RA factions if u r interested in viewing old pics in the gallery there few concepts for allies and soviets content , but as an overview ideas concerning gen zh and ra factions are not fully made yet so I can't give a word about them at this poin but dont worry u ill see in time ;)
oh no, I don't suggest you to mirror ideas for SW. These three generals are originally planned to appear as playable generals in ZH, but was scrapped because they were too overpowered(except Leang but she has all three bases and only appears as the final boss for Challenge), mods such as SW only did their own take on what these three generals should be like. you can do it too, but do it differently. plus it is won't be too much work since they are only upgrades to enhance their respective side's arsenal.
I'm still on your work in 2011, man you have a LOT of pictures.
This is a great mod..... Can't wait >_<
wow is this still going?
keep it up man, best wishes!
its alive but frozen due to studying and lake of free time , waiting my vacation to defrost it lol XD ,,and thx :)
you mentioned serveal times in the image that some abilities will not be available due to limitations of an older SAGE engine.
Have you tried working this project on the Spring engine? It is basically a free engine that was developed to create RTS games.
Could be useful if General's SAGE engine ever stops you from continuing this project.
Unfortunately thats not an option for 2 simple reasons
1 - im a doctor not a computer engineer so I have no idea how to make this work
2 - c&c universes are a copyright of EA Games as a moder I have a permission to reuse these factions within SAGE engine otherwise I don't want to see lawyers at my door footstep bothering me with copyright violation issues lol :P
I guess then you are forced to stay within this engine. This reminded me, I wonder how is the creator of Renegade X doing right now. (it is a remake of Renegade, which is made possibly without EA's permission)
also remembered something, and it is a crucial gameplay concept since you are going to include RA sides and I'm sure you will have spies and tech centers in this mod.
How would the stolen tech units be made?
15 factions means 15x15=225 stolen tech units.
sorry for the late reply I'm really busy these days , anyway thanks for your support and yes most of your wishes are already planed or even done , but just few points to clear though
- the resources in game's brain doesn't differ u cant make some gems of higher values than others it has one currency and what we can set is how much harvesters can take in each load and and how many cash each resources zone can have , so it just a visual issue to be addressed and I see the best solution is that either each map has its resources type like RA remade maps have ore , TW maps have tib , or that every player see the resources in the form that his faction used to harvest but I'm not sure yet how far this can be practically done
-for Dune I know its factions I already played it but the game is taking beyond its capacity already that yet to be seen I just wish I can finish the factions I have in my hand 1st
- for the crawlers I dont want to make a hard template for a faction design and force it to happen in every faction that will kill the fun , some factions will have crawlers others will have epic units and some will have semi epic units that are less powerful but in higher numbers in the battle field like u can have 3 or 4 but rest assured that u will have so sort of super mobile unit under your command in every faction
- the cross tech is limited to each universe which means nod can steal tech from gdi and scrins but not from the Soviets and so on ;)
well it is your mod after all, whatever you do to make it fun :D
The Dune factions can be neutral buildings in some maps available to capture, but like I said, it is not the main thing to worry about right now. When you did decide to do Dune stuff, make sure to make the Ixian projector bug present(holograms that actually do damage to units but disappears after taking 1 damage), it is fun.
I think it would be more fun to have cross universe cross tech units but it is still your call lol.
awaiting release of this mod.
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