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Anthony LaPaglia and Kathryn Erbe play Dick and Pat in sympathetic portraits
Two crucial moments in the Shakespearean life of Richard Nixon are studied sympathetically by Douglas McGrath in "Checkers," a highly absorbing new play that opened Thursday at the Vineyard Theatre.
It is 1966 and Nixon is still nursing the wounds of his earlier Presidential and California gubernatorial defeats in a Manhattan apartment overlooking Central Park. Content to bring up their daughters in well-off circumstances, Pat Nixon is gently happy that her husband has finally left politics and returned to practicing law.
Then political strategist and longtime chum Murray Chotiner sounds out Nixon about bidding for the Presidency in 1968. This causes Nixon to reflect upon their times together campaigning in 1952 when Nixon, then a Senator, was running for Vice President on a ticket with wartime hero Dwight Eisenhower.
Nixon was accused unfairly of using a political slush fund for personal expenses and, as Republican bigwigs pressured him to resign, ultimately went on TV to defend himself in the famous "Checkers" speech.
Constructed in short scenes, the drama packs a lot of juicy political history in 100 swift minutes while painting a compassionate portrait of Nixon – a complex composite of paranoid warts, noble aims and naked ambition – and his relationship with Pat, his long-suffering wife. McGrath's insightful story is compelling, his dialogue is extremely vivid and he effectively humanizes Nixon.
Terry Kinney, the director, provides a wonderfully-acted production led by Anthony LaPaglia who strikingly evokes Nixon's manner and voice while never making a cartoon of it. Kathryn Erbe is quietly superb as the shrinking Pat, whose lady-like devotion is constantly assaulted. The understated yet tender bonds between the couple are poignantly realized in the performances of LaPaglia and Erbe.
Much of the play's humor is snappily delivered by Lewis J. Stadlen whose foul-mouthed Chotiner makes observances to Nixon like, "Your specialty is getting the support of people who don't want to give it to you." John Ottavino genially embodies Eisenhower while such excellent actors as Robert Stanton and Kevin O'Rourke look formidable as Republican Party honchos. They, along with Mark Shanahan, Joel Marsh Garland and Kelly Coffield Park, do ably by various fleeting roles.


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The name is christian and I recently graduated with my associates in recording arts and im currently working on my bachelors entrepreneur/entertainment business degree. Im a very idealistic and outgoing person, I always think out of the box and anything that has to deal with music. Also Im a very positive person and easy to get along with. My dream is to become a huge object in music and make a change wither its dealing with game sound, movies, or producing. So to me I cannot be defined..... "Positivity Is what I am"
No blog entries have been posted here. Boring yes, but as confucius says - if you have nothing good to say, why say anything at all? Check back later, perhaps something exciting will pop-up and be worth blogging about, like season 3 of the teletubbies.
Speak your mind, rant about games, mods and the development scene, it's simple and who knows maybe someone will read it and agree. It will feel right!

subset: commoncrawl


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38 year old woman | Redmond, WA, USA | Seeking men 33-39 within 50 miles
I'm a little bit of everything.
I've been told that I smile a lot. I like to have fun and try new things. I definitely have a self-deprecating humor. I like girly things but also have a little tomboy in me. Nerdy things like technology, science, and computers fascinate me. I taught myself how to use BI software and used to do that for a living, though my background is in Marketing. Now I've decided to go back to school to be a radiation therapist, yep treat cancer patients with radiation. I'm definitely an extrovert but also like to do things by myself. I don't watch TV but love movies. I love just getting to know people and who they are. Though I'm energetic and stay pretty active, I'm also easy going and get along with most everyone. I love being outside. I would love to meet someone who is kind, funny, outgoing, smart, good-looking, likes the outdoors, patient, humble, stable, fun, adventurous, must be confident, have a thirst for knowledge and being active.
Book club , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Inline skating, Running, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Cats, Dogs, Exotic Pets, Fish, Horses
Middle of the Road
I love good food.
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
I love music.
I love new adventures, meeting new people, having new experiences, watching movies, reading, listening to music.
What I read depends on how busy my life is. If my life is busy then I read lighter things and when I've got some down time, I tend to read classics. Currently reading Atlas shrugged. The fountainhead was one of my favorite books.
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|What she is looking for
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Wheelchair-Bound Girl Screened for Explosives
The TSA has issued an apology to a Missouri family after their 3-year-old disabled daughter was traumatized at the Missouri's Lambert-St. Louis International Airport on Feb. 8, 2013.
ABC News
Wheelchair-Bound Girl Screened for Explosives
The TSA has issued an apology to a Missouri family after their 3-year-old disabled daughter was traumatized at the Missouri's Lambert-St. Louis International Airport on Feb. 8, 2013.
ABC News
Naked Protester vs. Airport Screening
A Texas mom was dumbfounded and angry when her preteen, wheelchair-bound daughter was left sobbing at the security gate at the Dallas-Fort Worth airport when reps from the Transportation Security Administration detected traces of explosive on her hand. Shelbi Walser, 12, has brittle bone disease.
Tammy Daniels
Man Strips Naked at Airport Screening
Caption - Port of Portland police in Oregon say John E. Brennan, 49, stripped naked at Portland International Airport April 17, 2012, as a protest against airport security screeners. The Portland man was arrested for investigation of indecent exposure and disorderly conduct.
Multnomah County Sheriff's Office/AP Photo
Man Strips Naked at Airport Screening
A woman stripped naked at Denver International Airport April 10, 2012, after being caught smoking in a non-smoking section of the airport. ABC's Denver affiliate reported the incident took place at about 8:45 a.m. on Concourse B.
Model Refaeli Angry Over Airport Pat-Down
Jennifer Hudson gets a pat-down search while going through TSA security at LAX on her way to Atlanta, April 17, 2012. Hudson made faces such as sticking out her tongue while the TSA agent was behind her.
SWAP/Splash News
Celeb Airplane Antics: Stars' Most Infamous Travel Woes
Bar Refaeli sent out an angry tweet after going through security at the airport. On her @BarRefaeli Twitter account, the supermodel wrote, "I got a security 'patdown' by a woman at the airport that made me feel very uncomfortable and left no doubt about her sexual preferences."
Evan Agostini/AP Photo
Boy in Wheelchair Frisked by TSA Agent
Matt Dubiel rediscovered a 2010 video he shot showing his then 3-year-old son, in a wheelchair with a broken leg, being patted down by a Transportation Security Administration agent at a Chicago-area airport. The clip went viral after he uploaded it to YouTube.
Matt Dubiel/YouTube
Woman's Breasts Searched by TSA
Lori Dorn, an HR consultant in New York, said TSA agents at JFK touched her breasts in front of other passengers even after she explained that her doctor had inserted tissue expanders for future breast reconstruction. Dorn blogged about the experience on her website, saying it caused "a great deal of humiliation."
Isis Brantley Hair Patdown by TSA
Hairdresser Isis Brantley was stopped by TSA at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta after she had passed a scanning device. Brantley told NBC News that she could not go any further until they checked her hair for explosives. "And so she started patting my hair, and I was in tears at that point," she said. "And she was digging in my scalp."
Six year old gets Patted down by TSA
A six year old girl gets patted down by the TSA at the New Orleans airport. The incident was recorded and posted on YouTube by the girl's parents, April 12, 2011.
Khloe Kardashian: TSA Searches Are Like Rape
Aaron B. Tobey, 21, protested the TSA's scanners by inking words of the Fourth Amendment -- "The right of the people to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated" – on his torso. He was arrested by the Richmond International Airport police and charged with disorderly conduct. The police say Tobey "was observed absent of pants, shirt, exposing language regarding the Fourth Amendment."
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'Don't Touch My Junk'
A traveler wears a bikini while going through airport security in Los Angeles.
The TSA Touched Me Where?
Location-based social media service Foursquare has introduced a new "baggage handler" badge to anyone who checks in at the airport with words like "TSA," "touch," "grope," or "don't touch my junk." Once awarded it says: "Looks like you've had your baggage handled. Happy Holidays and have a safe flight!"
Courtesy Foursquare
The TSA Touched Me Where?
The TSA's new pat-down rules have come under intense scrutiny recently. Here are just a few examples of people who say the government has gone too far. Cathy Bossi, a longtime flight attendant from South Charlotte and breast cancer survivor said the TSA made her take out her prosthetic breast. "She put her full hand on my breast and said: 'what is this?'"
ABC News
The TSA Touched Me Where?
Thomas Sawyer, a bladder cancer survivor, said he was humiliated after a pat down-broke his colonoscopy bag, leaving the 61-year-old covered in his own urine. Sawyer said he warned the TSA officials twice the pat down could break the seal.
ABC News
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Tanga.com has this t-shirt for sale in response to complaints made about TSA's new patdown procedures.
10 Secrets Your Pilot Won't Tell You
Airport Country Clubs: Crazy Lounges
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The class-action lawsuit claims the Oregon nonprofit health insurer is acting like a for-profit company by stockpiling excess funds that support large salaries.
The Portland-based nonprofit has hired Jerry Yudelson as its next president.
Springfield Renaissance Development Group purchased its second downtown property to continue redeveloping the area.
TeachOregon is helping Oregon school districts hire minority teachers to reflect changing student demographics.
Seaside is seeking funding for the relocation of the South County Community Food Bank.


text:
Originally written on NFL Trade Rumors | Last updated 10/29/12
Chiefs HC Romeo Crennel told reporters that Brady Quinn will be the team's starting quarterback as long as he's healthy, via the Kansas City Star. Matt Cassel looks like the better of the two, but that is still not saying a whole lot. ————— Chiefs quarterback Brady Quinn was not at the team's practice facility Monday, per Dave Skretta of the Associated Press. Brady Quinn not at practice facility today while undergoing tests for possible concussion. Matt Cassel to practice with first team. — Dave Skretta (@APdaveskretta) October 29, 2012 It appears that Quinn suffered a concussion during Sunday's loss to the Raiders. If that's the case, then don't expect Quinn to play this week since the Chiefs take on Chargers Thursday night. It would seem almost impossible for Quinn to pass all the concussion tests and be cleared to play. Expect Matt Cassel to be under center for Chiefs on Thursday night.
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Associated Press, Published March 08 2011
Large South Dakota wind farm operationalSIOUX FALLS — The Crow Lake wind farm in South Dakota is operating.
North Dakota-based Basin Electric Power Cooperative says the last of 108 turbines was ready in late February at the $363 million project just east of Chamberlain. It took about five months to complete construction.
The wind farm built by a Basin subsidiary has the capacity to produce 162 megawatts of power and Basin owns 150 megawatts, which Basin says makes it the largest wind project in the country owned solely by a co-op. It overtakes another Basin project near Minot, N.D., that has 77 turbines.
Basin sends electricity to 135 rural electric systems in nine states.


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Stress induced grain boundary movement in aluminum lines used as connections in integrated circuits is substantially avoided by doping the aluminum with iron. Through this expedient not only is grain boundary movement avoided but electromigration problems are also decreased.
1. A semiconductor device comprising a substrate comprising a silicon semiconductor material including active regions with electrical interconnects between said active regions wherein at least a portion of said interconnects are made with a material comprising iron doped aluminum whereby the tensile strength of said iron doped aluminum material is increased at least 15 percent relative to that obtained for aluminum doped with 0.5 atomic percent copper and wherein contact to said active regions is between said material and a second electrical conductor.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said iron doped aluminum comprises aluminum doped with up to 0.5 atomic percent copper.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said aluminum includes silicon.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/780554, filed on Oct. 15, 1991, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/540039, filed Jun. 19, 1990 (now abandoned) which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/426,821 filed Oct. 25, 1989 U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,389.
This invention relates to the fabrication of silicon integrated circuits and, in particular, to the fabrication of silicon integrated circuits employing aluminum metallization.
At least one layer of patterned aluminum is utilized in essentially all silicon integrated circuits. The aluminum pattern is utilized to electrically interconnect various active regions within the integrated circuit. Typically, such aluminum lines are formed by depositing a layer of aluminum at elevated temperatures (250� to 400� C.), forming a polymer resist layer in a desired pattern over the aluminum, and removing through etching the exposed regions of the underlying aluminum to produce the corresponding desired pattern of aluminum electrical connections.
After the deposition of the aluminum layer at elevated temperature the subsequent cooling induces a significant stress in the aluminum layer and ultimately in the lines formed from the layer. This stress results from the difference in coefficients of expansion between the underlying substrate and the aluminum. Typically, the substrate after deposition changes dimension during cooling to a much smaller extent than the aluminum. Thus after cooling, substantial tensile stress is present in the aluminum. The extent of stress depends primarily on the specific composition of the substrate, the design rule employed, the particular device configuration, and the dielectric material used to overcoat the aluminum. However, often with design rules of 1 μm or smaller, the mechanical-stress-gradient is sufficient to cause a movement of the grain boundaries in the aluminum, denominated creep, that results in voids and electrical opens in the aluminum conductors.
Strict design rules also cause additional difficulties. In particular, since narrower aluminum lines are employed at stricter design rules, the same currents as used for devices with less strict design rules yield substantially higher current densities. The relatively high resulting current density with the concomitant current-stress gradient, leads to material motion along aluminum grain boundaries, denominated electromigration, in which opens in the aluminum line are produced. Attempts to avoid electromigration problems have involved, for example, an introduction of a titanium or copper dopant at levels up to 5 atomic percent into the aluminum. These attempts, however, have been considered unsatisfactory because such high concentrations of copper make dry-etch pattern definition more difficult, and lines more susceptible to corrosion. Thus, problems due to both creep and electromigration are present and are likely to become even more serious as design rules become stricter.
By introducing an iron dopant into the aluminum at relatively low concentration, e.g., levels typically up to 5 atomic percent preferably up to 1 atomic percent, not only is creep essentially avoided, but electromigration problems are substantially reduced. The relatively minor amount of iron present is easily introduced into the aluminum by techniques such as co-sputter deposition or interdiffusion.
The FIGS. 1 to 3 are illustrative of properties associated with the invention.
The addition of elemental iron as a dopant in aluminum for integrated circuit applications substantially increases resistance to electromigration and creep. The amount of iron utilized depends to an extent on the electrical requirements of the device, the geometry of the device, the substrate composition and the composition of any overlying layers. For example, the presence of a silicon nitride layer overlying the aluminum particularly enhances the induced tensile stress in the aluminum since there is a mismatch not only between the aluminum and the underlying substrate but also a substantial mismatch between silicon nitride and the substrate resulting in compressive stress in the silicon nitride. This compressive stress, in turn, induces an increased tensile stress in the aluminum interconnect. Although possible combinations of device configurations and materials are too numerous to allow universal specification of iron concentration parameters, typically the amount of iron utilized should be less than that which causes the resistivity of the resulting iron doped aluminum to be greater than 0.08 Ω/□. It is difficult to set the required concentration of iron for a specific circumstance because it is believed that only the portion in the grain boundaries makes a substantial contribution to the desired effect. Sufficient iron should be present to enhance the tensile yield strength of the aluminum line ultimately formed by at least 15 percent relative to that obtained for Al(0.5% Cu). (Yield strength is defined as the minimum mechanical tensile stress which marks a decrease of 20% from the extrapolated elastic response value.) Again, the amount necessary to produce the desired enhancement of yield strength varies with the device configuration and the materials utilized but generally for typical devices such as 0.9 μm-minimum dimension CMOS devices with an overlying layer of 0.9 μm thick silicon nitride, dopant concentrations of at least 0.2 atomic percent but less than 5 atomic percent are advantageously employed. (The additional presence of other dopants such as silicon, copper and titanium are not precluded.)
Various methods are available for forming an iron doped aluminum layer that is ultimately patterned, or for depositing iron doped aluminum in the desired pattern through a liftoff technique. (Liftoff techniques are described by R. J. Schutz in VLSI Technology, S. M. Sze ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, second edition, 1988, p. 197.) One advantageous method for forming an iron doped aluminum layer involves the sputtering of both iron and aluminum from a composite target. (Sputtering from a composite target is described by L. Maissel in Handbook of Thin Film Technology, L. I. Maissel and R. Glang, ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, 1970, p. 4-40-4-41.) The exact composition of iron relative to aluminum utilized in the target to obtain the desired level of iron in the deposited aluminum layer depends on a variety of conditions such as grain size, thermal history and impurity concentrations of the deposited film. However, a control sample is easily employed to determine a desired concentration of iron dopant in the target. It is also possible to form an iron doped aluminum layer by interdiffusion. Interdiffusion is accomplished by, for example, sequentially sputter depositing a thin layer (50 to 200 Å) of iron and a thin layer (0.5 to 1.0 μm) of aluminum onto a device substrate, then heating the structure at a temperature in the range 300� to 450� C.
Use of iron doped aluminum is not confined to a single aluminum patterned layer, but is useful in device configurations utilizing multiple aluminum layers. (See S. P. Murarka in VLSI Technology, S. M. Sze ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, second edition, 1988, p. 414-416, for a description of devices utilizing multilayer metallization.) Indeed, the presence of a series of alternating aluminum and dielectric layers generally substantially increases the difficulties due to stress and thus makes the invention particularly advantageous. In one embodiment for making multi-layer metallization structures, tungsten metal (for example, 90 in FIG. 3), is selectively deposited on silicon only, such as the silicon present in at the source, 91, drain, or gate. This deposit provides excellent contact to the silicon and is capable of filling the via, 95, through the overlying dielectric, 96. The tungsten deposition in the via is then contacted with aluminum, 97, to form the interconnects and requires no diffusion barrier between the aluminum and the tungsten.
The following examples are illustrative of the properties of iron doped aluminum.
A 5 inch in diameter silicon substrate was coated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition utilizing a tetraethoxy silane precursor with a silicon dioxide layer having a thickness of 1 μm. The sample was placed on the sample holder of an electron beam evaporation apparatus. The target (99.99 percent pure iron) was impact with an electron beam of 0.2 Amp at 10 kV and the resulting evaporation was continued for 5 sec to produce a layer thickness of 100 Å on the major surface of the substrate. Without breaking vacuum, the iron target was removed and an aluminum target (99.999 percent pure) was substituted. An electron beam of 0.3 Amp at 10 kV was employed for 22 sec producing a deposited aluminum layer thickness of 500 Å.
The sample was removed from the evaporation equipment and placed on the sample holder of a magnetron sputter deposition apparatus. The apparatus was evacuated to a pressure of approximately 2�10-7 Torr and the aluminum surface on the substrate was subjected to argon ions produced in a 13.56 MHz plasma for sufficient time that approximately 100 Å of aluminum was removed. The substrate was heated to a temperature of approximately 300� C. An aluminum/copper target (0.5 atomic percent copper) was subjected to argon ions from an argon plasma developed at 13.56 MHz with a power of 9 kW. The resulting deposition was continued for approximately 26 sec to produce a 0.5 μm thick copper doped aluminum layer.
The wafer was removed from the sputtering apparatus and inserted in a resistively heated oven. This oven was fitted with an optically-levered laser beam stress-measurement apparatus as described in A. K. Sinha, H. J. Levinstein and T. E. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 49(4), 1978, p. 2423-2424. The temperature was essentially linearly increased at a rate of 20� C. per minute to a temperature of 400� C. and maintained at this temperature for approximately one hour to induce interdiffusion of the iron into the copper doped aluminum region. The temperature after the one hour period was decreased linearly at a rate of 0.75� C./min to room temperature. During the cooling process the curvature of the wafer was measured utilizing the optically-levered laser beam apparatus and compared to initial measurements made on the same apparatus before deposition of the iron layer. By comparison of the curvature before deposition with the values obtained after the interdiffusion procedure, average in plane stress (shown in FIG. 2) across the film was calculated. The stress at which there is a 20 percent deviation from elastic behavior was approximately 16.7�108 dyn/cm2.
The procedure of Example 1 was followed except various time periods for maintaining the interdiffusion temperature at 400� C. were employed. The use of different interdiffusion times produced a variation in the atomic percent of iron present in the aluminum layer. The level of iron present in each sample was measured by Rutherford backscattering and the resistivity of the aluminum film was measured as described in L. Maissel in Handbook of Thin Film Technology, L. I. Maissel and R. Glang, ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, 1970, p. 13-5-13-7. A graph of atomic percent of iron versus change in resistivity in the aluminum layer compared to an aluminum layer with no iron is shown in FIG. 1.
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34 year old man | Falls Church, VA, USA | Seeking women 25-36 within 30 miles
We all love cubicles, right?
I was born and raised in the DC area and kind of love it here. I try to take advantage of being here, but it's funny how easy it is to take all of the museums and sights here for granted. I enjoy seeing shows at the Black Cat / 9:30 / RnR, finding new trails to go on day hikes, catching new flicks at E Street, hitting up Wizards games, nerding it up at the annual Post Hunt, and probably watching too much TV. I'm surprisingly enthusiastic about travel considering I hadn't left the country until about four years ago. My destination wish list continues to grow (upcoming trips are to Iceland and Tanzania). I've been known to get distracted when a song I love starts playing when I'm out. This may or may not involve me dancing (the quality of which may be suspect). And it makes me happy when an opening band I've never heard before blows me away.
Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Walking / Hiking
Spacebar, Churchkey, The Passenger, Black Cat, Wonderland, Taco Bamba, E St Cinema, various food trucks
Crooked Fingers, TV on the Radio, The Clash, Radiohead, Spoon, Yeasayer, Ted Leo, Faith No More Eternal Sunshine, Royal Tenenbaums, 12 Monkeys, Election The Daily Show, Breaking Bad, Freaks and Geeks, The Wire, New Girl, Firefly
Mostly covered above. But I enjoy a mix of hitting a happy hour with friends and seeing where the night goes and quiet nights enjoying a movie or cleaning off the DVR. I occasionally enjoy making a fool of myself out at a dance night.
Kilimanjaro: A Trekking Guide. Next up is Neil Gaiman's Ocean at the End of the Lane.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering
|No preference
I'm working in DC as a systems engineer.
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Probably not
|Not sure, Probably not, No, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
The vanishing harberger triangle
The paper presents a trapped equity model, but instead of studying how taxes affect corporate decisions when a sufficient amount of equity is already in the trap, it asks the question how does the equity get there. To be more specific, the paper analyzes how the double taxation of dividends affects the growth of a corporation that starts with no equity capital. One conclusion is that dividend taxes are distortionary before they are paid, but not when they are paid. Once the firm is in a stage of maturity where it pays dividends and dividend taxes, tax neutrality prevails. Thus the true intersectoral distortion resulting from corporate taxation is negatively correlated with the measured tax burden, and it is lower, the higher the distortion which estimates of Harberger type would predict. Another conclusion is that the King-Fullerton cost of capital formulae are not applicable in the case of immature firms. These formulas are based on the assumption that firms distribute their profits from marginal investment projects as dividends. However, immature firms strictly prefer a reinvestment to a distribution of profits. The reinvestment changes the cost of equity capital, and typically this cost is higher than a hasty application of the King-Fullerton formulas would predict.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 45 (1991)
Issue (Month): 3 (August)
Pages: 271-300
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505578
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text:
DemsGraffiti // Friday, December 07, 2012
Pay attention to Dems, he's doing some interesting work and is very precise with his lines!
Vandalism Encourage...Graffiti // Friday, December 07, 2012
New York-based collective, Trustocorp, works in a variety of mediums; we took notice of them for their witty play on street signs. Here is one of their signs "Vandalism Encouraged" promoting all you sprayers out there.
I DID NOT ASK FOR PERMISSION TO DO THIS...Graffiti // Thursday, December 06, 2012
I will show you! Take that you old uncared for wall! Lush gets righteous with the middle finger, kind of.
Chaos x ElmerGraffiti // Thursday, December 06, 2012
These two have been pounding the pavement so to speak on Detroit's vacant landscape.
Hindue and Ghouls ride the metal wave...Graffiti // Thursday, December 06, 2012
Hindue and Ghuols are just like totally shredding all the glassy trains ever braaaaa. Seriously though, shredding them.
Bulldog Zeph...Graffiti // Wednesday, December 05, 2012
Classic trackside Zephyr with a bulldog substituting for the "E".
Darkz...Graffiti // Wednesday, December 05, 2012
Over the last year, this building in San Francisco has been undergoing a complete renovation, including a meticulous paint job on the ornate architecture. And then Darkz came along with this! That hurts!
Lewy arrested by NYPDGraffiti // Wednesday, December 05, 2012
According to several news sources, the wanted graffiti writer, Lewy has been detained. A few months back we posted about Lewy's throwups on the Brooklyn Bridge that brought him unwanted attention as high up as the New York police commissioner, Ray Kelly.
Vizie x Shank in BrooklynGraffiti // Wednesday, December 05, 2012
Combining their skilled spray paint talents and painting something unlike anything we have seen from them in the past, Dmote and Vizie, got real weird on this wall.
"Graffuturism" @ Soze GalleryGraffiti // Tuesday, December 04, 2012
On December 14, 2012, Soze Gallery in Los Angeles will host a large group exhibition curated by Poesia entitled "Graffuturism." The list of participating artists is extensive and includes Juxtapoz favorites such as Augustine Kofie, Doze Green, El Mac, Eric Haze, Futura, Greg "Sp One" Lamarche, Hense, Sat One, Sever, Will Barras, and many more.


text:
Get a music industry insider's tips to marketing your music and growing your fan base in Google+.
Learn to create your own YouTube channel, tailor it to fit your musical brand, and make your videos more search engine friendly and shareable on networks like Facebook and Twitter.
Shows how to use social media to its full potential and leverage the unique benefits it offers photographers and filmmakers.
"You guys have helped change my life forever. I'm so very grateful." —Donni R.
more from our members »


text:
The view from a traveling freelance videographer.
The black travel niche
The Sunday New York Times magazine penned a short but inspiring article entitled "Joy of a Black Planet" addressing a travel category that's not exactly new to the industry but seriously under-represented: black tourism. It's a brand that caters to globe-trotting travelers looking for vacation ideas to countries that are friendly, welcoming and safe for […] [Read More]
Moose sighting near the Cherry Plain State Park
The irony is I hike quietly in the backwoods of the Catskills and Adirondacks for hours on end and rarely do I see another living creature. Hiking was what I was doing in the Capital District Wildlife Management Area of Cherry Plain. But the minute I get back in a noisy car that's when I […] [Read More]
Wilco's three day music festival in North Adams
Set against the relentless threat of heavy rain, the utopian vibe was alive and well at the 4th semi-annual Solid Sound Music and Arts Festival in North Adams, Massachusetts. Wilco is not a "radio band" but their popularity continues to climb – over 8,000 thousand fans bracing umbrellas were in attendance to see their idols […] [Read More]
Bozen Kill Falls at Christman Sanctuary
This is peak work season for freelance shooters. While juggling calls from network juggernauts and editing last-minute projects, I braved a short respite from the chaos at Christman Sanctuary in Duanesburg, NY. I didn't anticipate company on a rainy Monday afternoon but it turns out the beautiful Bozen Kill stream is most popular when the […] [Read More]
Thinking about survival odds in Franklin County
Patrolling the hot zone of Owls Head this week for CBS National, I got to thinking about survival odds in the Adirondacks. Having grown up in Massena, not far from where the fugitives are (supposedly) hiding, I can identify with every home having a gun mounted to the wall, every backyard having a vegetable garden […] [Read More]
Fathers Day at Ausable Chasm
Look at that face! Now, that's what a father's face should look like on this special day. This photo was taken shortly after descending the 1-mile waterway with rafting supervisor, Jason Amrhein, of the all-mighty Ausable Chasm. The legendary park sits just a few miles shy of Plattsburgh, NY. The last time Dad shot the […] [Read More]
Feeling love in the heartland of America
Boys Town, Omaha Steaks, Warren Buffet, the NCCA College World Series, none of these attractions are reasons why I'll remember working in Omaha, Nebraska this week. Not even the delicious oatmeal stout enjoyed at Upstream Brewery. The heartland of America will hold fast in my memory for the new best friend who provided me with […] [Read More]
Listening to gold at Silver Bay
There's a popular expression in the television industry that's uttered when an interview goes really well. "We got gold!" producer Bob likes to shout. It's an expression I'd use to describe the speeches heard this past weekend at a historic retreat on Lake George recently. Then again, hurling myself into the refreshing water (which I […] [Read More]


text:
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Featuring a clean and modern design, the 635mm x 834mm Milano Aruba radiator in stunning anthracite provides an affordable way to add style and warmth to any room in the house. This horizontal radiator has an impressive BTU output of more than 2000 units per hour, which ensures your living space is heated to a comfortable level in little time.
The pipe inlets on our vertical radiators are located at the sides, so choosing valves is simple; these radiators always require angled valves. BestHeating has a wide range of stylish angled valves to choose from, so you can be sure of finding the perfect match for your vertical radiator and create a coordinated, seamless look.
With an impressive hourly BTU heat output of 2,878 units, the high-performing Milano Aruba radiator will bring luxurious warmth and designer style to any room. Ideal for use all over the home including the bedroom, kitchen, bathroom or living room, this attractive horizontal radiator features rounded columns which have been finished in a sophisticated and modern anthracite powder coat. This finish not only looks sensational, but also protects the radiator from damage, ensuring it retains its superb looks for many years.
You can be sure of long lasting durability with this model, as it has been made from high quality, mild steel and manufactured to the highest standard. A fixing pack is supplied.
Measuring 635mm x 834mm, this radiator has versatile and convenient dimensions which allow it to be used in rooms of any size.
Please note: radiator valves are not included. A range of valves and accessories designed to complement this model is available.
Beautiful radiator and cheapest I could find online. Very impressed!
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Town Square
Sort by: Most recent topic/comment Most viewed Most comments
Navigation tip: Clicking on any category label will display all recent posts in that category
COMMENTS ON STORIESToday is 1st 'Spare the Air' day of season
The first Spare the Air alert of the winter season has been issued for today by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Read...Original post made on Nov. 25, 2013
Last comment by Cholo, on Dec 2, 2013 at 9:54 am | 11 comments | 13058 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESPleasanton's State Senator DeSaulnier suggests law to block BART strikes
As BART's unions agreed to postpone a scheduled strike against the transit system, one California lawmaker is suggesting...Original post made on Aug. 6, 2013
Last comment by Dave, on Aug 13, 2013 at 8:00 am | 44 comments | 13054 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSPleasanton school board rescinds modified lite calendar
The Pleasanton school board unanimously voted Tuesday night to revert back to the traditional calendar starting the 2015-16...Original post made on Jan. 14, 2015
Last comment by PUSDParent, on Mar 2, 2015 at 10:20 pm | 101 comments | 13036 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIES2014 Pleasanton Weekly Holiday Fund now underway
Today marks the start of the Pleasanton Weekly Holiday Fund campaign, a time when we ask our readers to turn their thoughts...Original post made on Nov. 21, 2014
Last comment by Ptown native, on Dec 19, 2014 at 1:48 pm | 5 comments | 12996 Views
BOOKS & MOVIESBarbara Walters and Pleasanton
Barbara Walters has a new memoir, Audition, and on page 476 she writes, "...when the court sent him (Michael Milken) to...Original post made by Laurene on Feb. 23, 2009
Last comment by 80's small timer, on Jan 6, 2012 at 8:31 pm | 16 comments | 12973 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESTesting America's new civility in Pleasanton
Politicians of all stripes joined with President Obama on Tuesday night in seeking civility in debating and enacting key...Original post made on Jan. 30, 2011
Last comment by Mike Hightower, on Mar 8, 2011 at 3:48 pm | 21 comments | 12872 Views
AROUND TOWNPurple pipes coming to Pleasanton
Four agencies that provide water services in the Tri-Valley signed agreements Wednesday enabling the city of Pleasanton to...Original post made on Nov. 7, 2013
Last comment by Steve, on Nov 11, 2013 at 12:35 pm | 7 comments | 12858 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSSchool board delays cuts, for now
While no reductions were made at Tuesday night's school board meeting, the deadline to make cuts and put a parcel tax on...Original post made on Feb. 11, 2009
Last comment by Parent, on Feb 28, 2009 at 10:09 am | 188 comments | 12648 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSSchool district loses ruling in Vranesh case
An attempt by the Pleasanton Unified School District to deny former Walnut Grove principal Jon Vranesh a hearing into its...Original post made on Jan. 28, 2015
Last comment by Get the Facts, on May 8, 2015 at 6:03 pm | 47 comments | 12634 Views
AROUND TOWNSettlement reached in claims against PUSD
Administrators of the joint powers authority that provides liability coverage to Pleasanton Unified School District has reached...Original post made on Jul. 9, 2014
Last comment by ?????, on Aug 16, 2014 at 10:50 pm | 75 comments | 12542 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSCody Hall deemed 'potential threat to human life,' remains held without bail
The young driver who ran down and killed a bicyclist on Foothill Road will remain in jail without bond after a judge ruled...Original post made on Nov. 14, 2013
Last comment by Billy, on Nov 20, 2013 at 6:56 pm | 81 comments | 12506 Views
SCHOOLS & KIDSPleasanton school board to look at restoring programs, new savings from union, management concessions
At tonight's Pleasanton school board meeting, members will be looking at possible programs to restore, made possible by concessions...Original post made on May. 21, 2012
Last comment by i've had enough , on May 27, 2012 at 2:57 pm | 71 comments | 12496 Views
AROUND TOWNCouncil approves plan to scuttle housing cap, open up more land for low-income housing
The City Council Tuesday approved a tentative settlement agreement with two affordable housing coalitions and the state attorney...Original post made on Jul. 22, 2010
Last comment by Gary Schwaegerle, on Oct 22, 2010 at 1:05 pm | 55 comments | 12356 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESEviction notices sent out to subsidized housing residents
Some residents of Las Ventanas apartments got an early unwelcome Christmas gift: eviction notices taped to their doors on...Original post made on Jan. 3, 2013
Last comment by Cholo, on Jan 9, 2013 at 11:35 am | 18 comments | 12321 Views
AROUND TOWNPlease help me in spreading "ISLAM" and the name of "ALLAH".
Lets see if WE can get 1,000,000 Muslims yeahhh!!! Come forward all those non Muslims who think they have courage to...Original post made by Muhammed on Aug. 21, 2009
Last comment by capes R us, on Aug 22, 2009 at 9:00 am | 9 comments | 12270 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESSafeway exiting Chicago area market
Pleasanton-based Safeway Inc. announced yesterday it has reached a definitive agreement to sell 11 of its Dominick's stores...Original post made on Dec. 3, 2013
Last comment by Logical Capital, on Dec 3, 2013 at 10:05 pm | 8 comments | 12156 Views
COMMENTS ON STORIESAlbertsons/Safeway to sell 168 stores in 8 states as part of merger agreement
Pleasanton-based Safeway Inc. and Boise-headquartered Albertsons announced Friday that they have entered into agreements,...Original post made on Dec. 20, 2014
Last comment by wondering, on Dec 22, 2014 at 8:19 am | 2 comments | 12127 Views
AROUND TOWNPleasanton ranks #4 on national list of best U.S. cities
Pleasanton ranks No. 4 in a recent survey of America's 50 Best Cities to Live In conducted by 24/7 Wall Street, a nationally...Original post made on Sep. 18, 2014
Last comment by Michael Austin, on Sep 19, 2014 at 3:38 pm | 23 comments | 12074 Views
SPORTSStanford won't have time to smell the roses this year
It's official. The Stanford football team will not be returning to the Rose Bowl, or the Pac-12 championship game for that...Original post made on Nov. 2, 2014
Last comment by Jake, on Nov 2, 2014 at 8:05 am | 1 comment | 12055 Views
CRIMES & INCIDENTSSuspect caught in Pleasanton home invasion robbery
One of the men suspected in the robbery of a Pleasanton man who won big at a Bay Area casino in August was captured Wednesday...Original post made on Nov. 8, 2013
Last comment by Mitch, on Nov 12, 2013 at 10:27 am | 11 comments | 12046 Views
Bidding my Maverick Bye-Bye
By Roz Rogoff | 5 comments | 675 views
'General Lee' banned; political correctness gone too far?
By Gina Channell-Allen | 5 comments | 542 views
Special session to tackle two key issues
By Tim Hunt | 4 comments | 520 views
When Students Consider Non-Portfolio Design Schools
By Elizabeth LaScala | 2 comments | 422 views
The Dogfather's Annual Fourth of July Plea (cue Scott McKenzie)
By Tom Cushing | 0 comments | 310 views


text:
We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
Features of This Trackmellow rock instrumentation
a subtle use of vocal harmony
a clear focus on recording studio production
thru composed melodic style
use of ambient synths
a smooth female lead vocal
subtle use of acoustic piano
heartbreaking lyrics
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
Similar Tracks
Well done.
not a dry eye in the place.
aún espero que vuelva. Es la mejor canción que jamás escuché.
Make my soul travel the winding tracks of your spiritual train


text:
Falcao joins Chelsea on loan
Premier League champions Chelsea have announced the loan signing of Monaco striker Radamel Falcao.
|Participant name
|All odds
Man City
Man Utd
Premier League champions Chelsea have announced the loan signing of Monaco striker Radamel Falcao.
Sunderland have completed the signing of Celtic right-back Adam Matthews for a fee of £2million.
The first of this season's Barclays Premier League fixtures live on Sky Sports and BT Sport have been revealed.
Watch MLS matches live on your mobile device with Sky Bet - no bet required!
Watford striker Troy Deeney has signed a new five-year deal with the Barclays Premier League newcomers.
Leicester have reportedly had a bid of £12million for QPR striker Charlie Austin rejected.
Manchester City have had their restrictions on transfer spending and Champions League squad size lifted by UEFA.
Ian Ayre insists Liverpool can still buy top players within the remit of their "smart and sustainable" transfer policy.
Laura Bassett has thanked her England team-mates for their support after her own goal ended the Lionesses' World Cup bid.
Derby have signed Tom Ince from Hull on a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee.


text:
Q. The other night, I was up late watching television and saw a commercial for a dietary supplement that claims I could lose weight effortlessly without exercising. I thought this would be great since I have a bad knee and can't really exercise. I ordered the product, and when it came, I started taking it immediately. It has been two months and I haven't lost a pound. If anything, I gained. Something else I noticed was that I started having indigestion. I went to the doctor about the indigestion and we both figured out that it was probably the supplements. I called and canceled the monthly order of supplements following the directions the company gave, but my credit card was still being billed. The credit card company helped me out by freezing my account, but boxes of supplements are still coming to my house. Can you help me with this issue? H.B., Hilltown
A. Consumer Protection was able to contact the company and they will credit you for any unopened boxes of the supplements you send back, plus they have taken you off their mailing list so you shouldn't receive any more shipments. Whether consumers are looking for a short cut to losing weight or a cure for a serious ailment, they spend billions of dollars a year on unproven, fraudulently marketed, often useless health-related products, devices and treatments.


text:
Off This Week
next game:
Be careful. Be very, very careful. Nebraska is absolutely good enough to
waltz into L.A. and hang 450 yards and 38 points on the board if the
Trojan D isn't fully prepared. However, USC is absolutely good enough to
torch the mediocre Husker secondary (don't let the zero passing yards
allowed against Nicholls State fool you) and roll to the type of blowout
win that'll make the rest of the nation finally wake up and realize that
this is the most talented team in college football.
2. Ohio State
W, at Texas 24-7
next game: Cincinnati
Talk about calm, cool and collected, Ohio State was terrific on both
sides of the ball in the surprisingly easy win over Texas. The offensive
line did a great job of giving Troy Smith time, while the defense was
flying all over the place. There shouldn't be any more question marks
about the defense.
3.. Auburn
W, Mississippi State 34-0
next game: LSU
Is there a true national title contender flying lower under the radar
than Auburn? Yeah, a D-III team could probably shut out Mississippi
State right now, but the offensive parts are clicking and the defense is
generating a ton of pressure.
W, Arizona 45-3
next game: at Auburn
Arizona was supposed to come into LSU and provide a possible upset
special. LSU was supposed to be looking ahead to Auburn, it wasn't going
to be able run on Arizona, it wasn't supposed … whatever. The Tigers
played fast and amazing in the blowout.
5. Florida
next game: at Tennessee
Florida couldn't have looked more impressive than it did against UCF. If
the running game is there and Chris Leak plays like he has over the
first two games, Tennessee is in big trouble.
6. Notre Dame
W, Penn State 41-17
next game: Michigan
Is there any room on the bandwagon? There's still a question over just
how good Penn State is, but an impressive win over Michigan would prove
once and for all that this is a top three team. The defense might not be
all that great, but it can really, really pop. There's no better coached
team in America.
7. Texas (1-1)
L, Ohio State 24-7
next game: at Rice
Where was the fire and the emotion against Ohio State? It was like the
early Billy Pittman fumble took the fight out of the dog. Rice won't
beat Texas, but the Todd Graham's crew is playing just well enough to be
pesky if the Longhorns have long faces.
8. Florida State (2-0)
W, Troy 24-17
next game: Clemson
Uhhhhhh, Troy? The Seminole defense no suddenly becomes a question mark
and there's still no running game whatsoever. There had better be an
impressive offensive performance in this team's future or it's going to
see its national title-type schedule turn into a nightmare.
9 .Tennessee
W, Air Force 31-30
next game: Florida
Let's just give Tennessee the benefit of the doubt that the Air Force
debacle was a case of looking ahead to Florida. Erik Ainge is currently
playing as well as any quarterback in America.
10. Michigan
W, Central Michigan 41-17
next game: at Notre Dame
The running game is rolling along and the defense is fine, but is there
enough firepower in the passing game to beat Notre Dame? Are the new,
leaner Wolverines tough enough and smart enough to win in South Bend?
This is the game Lloyd Carr must have to prove that he really can win a
big non-conference game on the road|
W, Florida A&M 51-10
next game: at Louisville
There's no truth to the rumor that Larry Coker won't be allowed on the
team plane if his Canes lose at Louisville. A 1-2 start would sit about
as well as another viewing of the Florida State game.
12. Louisville
W, Temple 62-0
next game: Miami
Here's your shot at the glory, Louisville. Beat Miami, and it's a
one-game season against West Virginia for a shot at the BCS and
possibly, the national title. Cart-before-the-horse heads up: watch out
for the regular season finale at Pitt.
13. West Virginia
W, Eastern Washington 52-3
next game: Maryland
The Mountaineers get one of their three tests this year on Thursday
facing Maryland. This is it West Virginia; if you want to be considered
a true national title contender, you win this game by three touchdowns.
14. Virginia
W, at North Carolina 35-10
next game: Duke
Is there a quieter national title contender out there? The Hokies just
roll right along winning in a confident, business-like manner. It'll
have no problem with Duke and Cincinnati over the next two weeks, and
then comes what's sure to be a big-hitting battle with Georgia Tech.
15. Nebraska
W, Nicholls State 56-7
next game: at USC
O.K. Nebraska, you want to be a player? You want to be big-time again?
Here's your chance. Beat USC at USC and you just might be the number one
team in the country. At the very least you'll be in the CFN top three.
16. Georgia
W, at South Carolina 18-0
next game: UAB
Can Matthew Stafford be steady enough to lead the Dawgs to tough wins?
The defense will have to bail the offense out several times this year,
and it'll start with a tougher-than-it-looks game against UAB.
17. Arizona
W, Nevada 52-21
next game: at Colorado
There we go. That's the Arizona State we've been waiting for. If this
team is the real deal, it bludgeons Colorado on the way to the showdown
with Cal.
18. Boston
W, Clemson 34-33 2OT
next game: BYU
There's absolutely nothing flashy about the Eagles, but they make plays
and they come through when they have to. Matt Ryan has a Tom Brady-lite
quality about him.
19. Clemson
L, at Boston College 34-33 2OT
next game: at Florida State
Forgetting about the painful loss to Boston College, and the problems in
the linebacking corps, this still might turn out to be one of the ten
best teams in the country. Are the Tigers mentally tough enough to put
BC in the rearview mirror and take care of Florida State?
20. Penn
L, at Notre Dame 41-17
next game: Youngstown State
It's early, so it's still hard to tell if Penn State is that bad or if
Notre Dame is that good. The running game hasn't done much of the first
two weeks, and Anthony Morelli looked like Anthony Morelli against the
Irish. Worse yet, the defense wasn't its old self.
21. California
W, Minnesota 41-17
next game: Portland State
Cal looked like it's supposed to in a blowout win over Minnesota. It
could still use a little tuning up on D, which it'll get against
Portland State before dealing with the Arizona State attack.
22. Iowa
W, at Syracuse 20-13 2OT
next game: Iowa State
Yeeeessh. Either Drew Tate (who missed the Syracuse game with an
abdominal injury) is the most valuable player in college football, or
Iowa has a long way to go before it has fully jelled into a true Big Ten
title contender. However, that goal line stand against Syracuse might be
the type of thing that brings everything together and is seen as a
turning point.
23. Texas Tech (2-0)
W, at UTEP 38-35 OT
next game: at TCU
The jury is now deliberating on Texas Tech after blowing out a horrible
SMU team and having mega-problems with UTEP. A win over TCU would cement
a spot in the top 25.
24. Oregon (2-0)
W, at Fresno State 31-24
next game: Oklahoma
Oregon took the best shots from a Fresno State team geared up to make
this the game for the BCS, and it still came through with a hard-hitting
win. It's all the more impressive that it basically got it done without
RB Jonathan Stewart.
25. Boise State (2-0)
W, Oregon State 42-14
next game: at Wyoming
That was an amazing performance by Ian Johnson and the Broncos over
Oregon State. It's unfortunate we won't see what this team can do
against someone with a pulse until the bowls.


text:
An asynchronous camera/projector system includes a projection screen, having a key color, a projector, oriented to provide a sequenced background image to the screen, and a camera, located in front of the screen, and oriented to capture a sequenced image of the screen and a real object positioned in front of the screen. The camera and projector operate out of phase, so that the camera does not record the background image.
1. An asynchronous camera/projector system, comprising:
a projection screen, having a key color;
a projector, oriented to provide a sequenced background image to the screen;
a camera, located in front of the screen, oriented to capture a sequenced image of the screen and a real object positioned in front of the screen, the camera and projector operating out of phase, so that the camera does not record the background image; and
wherein the projection screen is a rear projection screen, and the projector and camera are located on and oriented toward opposite sides of the screen.
2. A system in accordance with
3. A system in accordance with
4. A system in accordance with
5. A system in accordance with
6. A system in accordance with
7. A video segmentation system, comprising:
a chroma key screen, having a key color;
a background image processor, configured to produce a sequenced background video image;
a projector, interconnected to the background image processor and oriented to project a sequenced real background image to the screen;
a camera, oriented to capture a sequenced image of the screen and a real object positioned in front of the screen;
a chroma key processor, interconnected to the camera and the background image processor, configured to replace portions of the camera image having the key color with the background image, the camera and projector operating in synchronization, but out of phase, whereby the real background image is visible to a person viewing the screen but is not visible to the camera; and
wherein the camera and projector are chromatically asynchronous, and the camera and projector each include a rotating color wheel having corresponding color filter segments, the rotation of the color wheel of the projector being synchronized and out of phase with the rotation of the color wheel of the camera.
8. A video segmentation system in accordance with
9. A video segmentation system in accordance with
10. A video segmentation system in accordance with
11. A method for producing a composite image, comprising the steps of:
a. sequentially projecting a background image to a projection surface having a key color;
b. sequentially recording a foreground image of the projection surface and an object positioned in front of the projection surface at a common rate but out of phase with the sequential projection, such that the foreground image includes substantially no part of the background image; and
c. combining the background image with the foreground image using a chroma key processor, whereby the background image is visible to a person viewing the projection surface, wherein the step of sequentially projecting the background image comprises projecting sequential color component images, and the step of sequentially recording the foreground image comprises recording sequential color component images, the sequence of the background image being out of phase with the color sequence of the foreground image.
12. A method in accordance with
13. A method in accordance with
14. An asynchronous camera/projector system, comprising:
a projection screen, having a key color;
a projector, oriented to provide a sequenced background image to the screen;
a camera, located in front of the screen, oriented to capture a sequenced image of the screen and a real object positioned in front of the screen, the camera and projector operating out of phase, so that the camera does not record the background image; and
wherein the camera and projector each include a rotating color wheel having corresponding color filter segments, the rotation of the color wheel of the projector being synchronized and out of phase with the rotation of the color wheel of the camera.
15. An asynchronous camera/projector system, comprising:
a projection screen, having a key color;
a projector, oriented to provide a sequenced background image to the screen;
a camera, located in front of the screen, oriented to capture a sequenced image of the screen and a real object positioned in front of the screen, the camera and projector operating out of phase, so that the camera does not record the background image; and
wherein the projector and camera are located on and oriented toward a common side of the screen, and wherein the projector is positioned with a high skew angle relative to the screen and a viewpoint of the camera.
16. A system in accordance with
Chroma key (aka "bluescreen" or "greenscreen") systems are used to create an image that combines a background still or video image (high-quality computer-generated graphics, for example) with video capture of a real object, such as a human being. Perhaps the most well known example of the use of chroma key systems is that of a television weatherman standing in front of a computer-generated weather map explaining the weather, while manipulating various graphical and video displays that appear behind him to illustrate the weather. This technology is also widely used in the television and movie industry, such as to combine live action in a studio setting (e.g. a close-up of an actor driving an automobile) with a pre-recorded background image (e.g. a street scene that could be visible through the rear window of the automobile).
A typical chroma key system 10 is illustrated in
A second input to the chroma key processor 18 is provided from a background image processor 20, which provides background image data, such as a high-quality computer-generated image. The chroma key processor combines the background image and the image of the real object by replacing the chroma key color with the background image. In the present example, the portion of the video image window that is occupied by the person 12 blocks the background image in that region, so that the background image does not appear. Wherever the chroma key color is detected, however, the background image persists. The result is a composite image 22 in which the person 12 appears to be standing in front of the high-quality computer-generated background image. This composite image is broadcast to viewers, who see only the final composite image, and may not even realize that it is a composite image.
In the real scene, however, the background image is not visible, and the background surface 14 appears to the person 12 (and other viewers of the real scene) as a featureless monochromatic surface. Hence, the person in the scene cannot directly interact with the background image. To provide feedback to the person, a monitor 24 is typically placed off-screen, and provided with the composite output 22 from the chroma key processor 18. By watching this monitor, the person can see their position in the composite image, such as to see where they appear to be pointing, etc. Unfortunately, interacting with the background image in a convincing way with this sort of system requires much practice, especially if the goal is to keep the viewer unaware of the whole process.
Various features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the invention, and wherein:
Reference will now be made to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
As noted above, chroma key systems are commonly used to create a composite image that combines a background video image with video capture of a real object, such as a human being. Shown in
Referring to
Video segmentation systems can also be employed to combine multiple background images with a live-action foreground image. For example, multiple chroma key screens of different colors can be included in the real image, with different background images corresponding to each key color. For example, a blue screen can allow the insertion of one background image, and a green screen can be provided to allow the insertion of a second background image. A multi-channel chroma key processor then combines the individual background images with the real image, to produce a composite image having more than one virtual background image.
As noted above, however, the background image is not visible to a person (12 in
Advantageously, the inventors have developed an asynchronous projector/camera system that allows direct interaction with the background image. One embodiment of such a system is shown in
Unlike prior systems, however, a rear-projection projector 54 is located behind the screen 52, and projects a background image onto the screen based upon image data from a background image processor 64. This background image on the screen is visible to the person 12 in front of it, because the projector and the camera are operating asynchronously, thus allowing the person to interact with the image directly. That is, the image being detected by the camera at any given time is different than the image projected to the screen at that time, so that the camera does not "see" the image that is on the screen. Instead, the background image data is fed directly to the chroma key processor 66 along with the real object image from the camera, and the two images are combined by the chroma key processor in the same manner as in prior systems, to produce the composite output 68. The result is the same as that depicted in
As used herein, the term "asynchronous" is intended to refer to two devices (the camera and projector) that are operating out of phase with each other, so that the operation of one of the devices (the projector) is substantially not detectable by the other device (the camera). The camera and projector can be asynchronous in several ways. They can be chromatically asynchronous, temporally asynchronous, or spatially asynchronous. A chromatically asynchronous system is depicted in
The light filter segments of the color wheel sequentially pass in front of the projection light path as the color wheel rotates very rapidly, so as to produce sequential red, blue, and green sub-portions of a single image frame. For example, during each image frame of a video image (each image frame lasting, e.g. 1/30 second), a white light source in the projector will sequentially project three different sub-images (each lasting e.g. 1/90 second) through the color wheel filters in sync with the rotation of the color wheel. For example, the sub-image that is projected while the red filter segment of the color wheel is in the projection path will correspond to the red portions of the final image, the sub-image portion that passes through the green segment of the color wheel corresponds to green portions of the final image, and the sub-image portion that is projected while the blue segment of the color wheel is in the projection path corresponds to blue portions of the final image. Given the speed of projection of the three color images, the viewer does not perceive three different colors at different times, but instead sees a single image including the entire range of visible colors.
Another example of a color wheel is provided in
Referring back to
The color wheel 58 of the camera is operationally linked with the color wheel 60 of the projector via a synchronization device 62, which simultaneously controls the speed of rotation and the relative positions of the color filters of the two color wheels. It is common for display systems (cameras and displays) to have a "genlock" capability, wherein one device generates a timing signal which is accepted by other devices in order for their video processing (frame rates) to be synchronized. The synchronization device 62 represents the components required to provide this capability, and though shown in
The color wheels in the projector and camera can be of identical design (i.e. having the same number and sequence of color filters), but are caused to rotate out of phase. That is, when the projector is projecting a given color in its sequence, the camera is filtering out that color and imaging a different color. This is done for each color in sequence. As noted above, the color filters on the color wheel 58 of the camera 56 are designed to accept only the equivalent colors from the projector. Thus, the red filter on the camera accepts only the red light from the projector, and rejects blue and green. It is not necessary for the band passes to be identical, so long as rejection of the alternate colors is adequate. It is also not necessary for the color wheel segments of the camera to be as large as the projector's. They can be somewhat smaller in order to simplify timing.
An example of an asynchronous color sequence for a camera/projector system wherein the camera and projector each have a three-segment color wheel having red (R), green (G) and blue (B) segments, is provided in
The camera, on the other hand, takes the red, green and blue images in the same order, but shifted by one step in the sequence. That is, while the projector is projecting a red image, the camera is imaging a blue ("B") image, followed by red ("R") and green ("G"), while the projector projects green and blue, respectively. The same asynchronous color projection and imaging procedure follows for Frame 2.
Because the camera 56 and projector 54 are out of phase, the camera will not capture any light coming from the projector, and thus will not "see" the image being projected upon the screen. Consequently, the camera sees only the key color of the screen 52 in the background, and thus the real image and the background image can still be combined in the typical way, as illustrated in
Another example of a projection sequence for a chromatically asynchronous camera/projector system is shown in the table of
A white portion of a projection sequence in a sequential color projector is often provided to increase the overall brightness of the projected image. During the white sub-frame, image data that is roughly equivalent to a "black and white" version of the background image is provided for parts of the scene that are fairly bright. This white image enhances the brightness of the image overall. A while color sub-frame can be desirable in a video segmentation system of this type in order to compensate for studio lighting. The increased brightness makes the background image more easily visible to the person interacting with it, notwithstanding the bright studio lights.
Since white light projected during the white sub-frame cannot be eliminated by a color filter segment, the color wheel in the camera includes a black (K) segment which is timed to block all light to the camera during the white phase. The black segment of the color wheel in the camera is part of the image-forming process during a frame, and is not really perceivable by a user. No specific compensation is needed in the camera or processor to account for the black segment. Due to the color wheel (including the color portions), the image captured by the camera will tend to be a little darker, but this is a common situation. Compensation for this condition can be easily provided by "faster" camera optics.
As noted above, in addition to varying the color sequence, the temporal sequence of projection and camera imaging can be made asynchronous to provide an interactive background image, while still using the typical video segmentation process for producing a composite image. Specifically, the projection of the projector and imaging of the camera can be temporally out of phase (without respect to color), so that the projector only projects an image part of the time, and the camera only captures an image part of the time, the two time intervals being opposite each other.
An example of a temporally asynchronous projector camera system 100 is depicted in
At the time instant shown in
As yet another alternative, the camera and projector can be spatially asynchronous. One embodiment of a spatially asynchronous camera/projector system 150 is shown in
Unlike the other embodiments described above, however, the camera 156 and projector 154 are configured to scan their images in a spatially different sequence. For example, as shown in
The asynchronous spatial scanning of the camera and projector is controlled by a synchronization device 160, which ensures that the two devices operate at the same frequency, but out of phase. Thus the camera will never detect the background image that is projected to the screen because its projection will always be in a different location on the screen than that from which the camera is taking an image. However, the person will be able to see the background image and interact with it.
While the above-described embodiments are presented and described as using a rear projection screen, a chromakey video segmentation system incorporating an asynchronous camera/projector system as described herein can also be configured with a front projector. One embodiment of a front projection chroma key video segmentation system 200 is depicted in
A background image processor 210 provides background image data to the projector 206, and also to a chroma key processor 212. The camera 204 also provides its live image signal to the chroma key processor, which combines the live image signal and the background image into a single composite output signal 214, in the manner described above.
It will be apparent that the front projector 206 in the embodiment of
At the same time, it can be desirable to partially or completely eliminate shadows cast upon the screen 202 by the person 12, and the person and other viewers of the live scene may find it objectionable to have the background image projected onto the person. The background projector 206 provides an additional light source that can also be annoying and generally make the person's interaction with the background image more difficult.
There are a number of approaches that can be taken to address these potential problems. One approach is to modify the position of the projector. Shown in
Advantageously, the high skew angle makes it possible for the person 12 to stand near the screen 252 and within the field of view of the camera 254 to interact with the projected image, while still staying outside the projection path 258 from the projector 256. This condition is shown in
Alternatively, as also shown in
Additionally, even if the person 12 moves into a position that is within both projection paths 258, 262, the respective shadows from each projector 256, 260 can be entirely separate (depending upon the position of the person and the projectors), or, at least, the shadows are likely to have a much smaller coincident area. Consequently, shadows can be substantially reduced, and projection of the background image upon the person can also be reduced. It will also be apparent that while two projectors are shown in
In the various embodiments described above, there is described a system wherein the monochromatic surface of a chroma key image system is replaced with a rear-projection screen, having an image projected upon it with which a person in the foreground can interact. The camera that records the foreground image and background surface is operated out of phase with the rear projection unit, either by color, or in time, or spatially, so that the camera does not capture light coming from the projector, and thus does not "see" the image being projected behind the user. The foreground and background images are then combined in the standard chroma key way, to produce a composite image.
It is to be understood that the above-referenced arrangements are illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications can be made without departing from the principles and concepts of the invention as set forth in the claims.
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News Anchor Demands Viewers Stop Sending Photos of Snow-Covered Patio Furniture in Hilarious Rant [VIDEO]
The weather outside is frightful and the photos depicting it are most definitely not delightful.
The weather outside is frightful and the photos depicting it are most definitely not delightful.
First, there is NOTHING funny about the hit Drew Brees took in the San Fransico game last Sunday. However, when you set the video to audio of wrestling great Jim Ross calling a close line from an actual wrestling match, it becomes quite hilarious.
Have you seen "Cooking With Sad Music" yet? Can you tell me why this is so funny? Is there something wrong with me? Am I asking too many questions?
This is pretty much spot on. I can't tell you how many times I've done the microwave thing, the going the wrong way thing…well, pretty much ALL of this. It's ok, just admit it… you do these things too.
I was watching Good Morning Acadiana yesterday morning, as I tend to do when I'm up that early, and something struck me as a little funny. I didn't think much of it, I just thought maybe I wasn't fully awake yet. Then this popped up on reddit…Did KATC Meteorologist Dave Baker wear 7 ties during Good Morning Acadiana? See for yourself!
Washington, D.C. Mom Becky Reina was pretty upset when she discovered someone stole her two-year-old's pumpkin from off of the family's front porch. She turned her anger into awesomeness though, and posted a note for the Halloween hooligans.
62-year-old Spokane Valley, Washington social studies teacher David Robinson made a bet with his students. He lost. He now has bright pink hair and beard to match...and he's loving it!
Here's a math question for you: if a struggling student passes a class, how loud will his dad cheer?
Baby Molly has just seen the funniest thing she's ever seen in her 9 1/2 months on Earth. That thing is her dog Bennie going bananas popping bubbles in the living room. I'm not sure what's better here... the dog going nuts popping the bubbles, or the baby belly laughing. I'm thinking the baby...
Annie had oral surgery, and the drugs were so good, she thought she was a NASCAR driver. Then comes the fateful moment she realizes she is not, in fact, a NASCAR driver.


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35 year old woman | New York, NY, USA | Seeking men 38-46 within 50 miles
I am a simple girl, LOVE to laugh! Family oriented and somewhat old-fashioned. Heart on my sleeve, affectionate and a hopeless romantic :-) I'M NOT INTO GAMES and I live a DRAMA FREE lifestyle, would like to keep it that way. Life is rarely straightforward but it CAN be simple. Complexity I love, complications I can do without. I am independent and very happy by myself, hoping to find that special someone :-) Yes I know how to cook, I take out my own garbage, own and know how to use a drill and hammer :-) I also love to dress up just as much as I love a baseball cap and sweats. What I am looking for? A person who has a kind and good heart. Not shallow or pretentious, but real, honest and down to earth. I like a happy, outgoing, intelligent, funny and friendly personality (most of the times, I know we all have our down moments). Someone who is loyal and dedicated when in a relationship. Responsible and ambitious, yes we should all have goals in life... Personality and character are the biggest things for me. Appearance is important and will initially grab my attention, anyone's attention!! However, your personality and character will entice me to learn more about you and keep me interested. Alright!!! I will stop here...can't tell you everything, what fun would that be?? Thank you for reading my profile. Good luck with your search Gentlemen....
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Dancing, Football, Other types of exercise, Running, Soccer, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
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Rome, Antigua, Dominican Republic, St Barts, Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela
Sunset, Beach, Travel, Parks, Movies, Wine tasting, Festivals, Salsa, Concerts, Working out, Cooking, Restaurants, Deep conversations, Facials, getting lost somewhere..jajja in good company :-)
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|5'11" (180cms) to 6'5" (195cms)
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|Social Drinker
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