text:
Vernon cranks out new projects
VERNON (Special) - Several new business are making plans to open here and one bank will change locations soon to a bigger and better facility.
Demolition of the old Food Emporium building at 1628 Hillcrest is under way. The site is being remodeled to become the new home of the Bank of Vernon. The building most recently housed a retail store, restaurant and real estate office. A dental office located on the north end of the building will remain and also be remodeled.
About three-fourths of the structure will be torn down, according to bank President Horace Joe Tabor. When completed, the new location will occupy about 15,000 square feet of space and offer drive up and ATM facilities.
The area being demolished will be replaced with lawn and trees alongside the western parking area.
Santa Rosa Construction is serving as general contractor for the $1.85 million project.
Banking officials said the bank, which has been in its present location for more than 30 years, should move into its new quarters sometime in 2009. Officials said the present facility had already been remodeled several times, had become outdated, and wasn't equipped to handle the Internet and electronic transfer age.
The new facility will allow the bank to grow in services offered, products and personnel, according to Tabor.
Hillcrest Plaza Shopping Center, located near the intersection of Hillcrest Drive and U.S. Hwy 70, has undergone a major renovation during the past few weeks, getting ready for three new tenants. The entire facility has been given an extensive facelift in an $80,000 facade project. The shopping center is owned by Dunhill Properties. Skiles Construction is contractor for the project.
Specialty Nurses will move from its present location into new offices in the shopping center. Two new businesses, Hibbett Sports Inc. and Tractor Supply Co., are also preparing to open here soon. A loan office, doughnut shop, cell phone company, a furniture store, a department store, Goodwill, a pizza parlor and a sandwich shop already occupy spaces in the shopping center.
Hibbett Sports will occupy about 6,000 square feet. The national sporting goods store is expected to open by the end of August and employ six to eight people.
The store will carry a wide variety of sporting goods and equipment.
Representatives from Tractor Supply Co. are expected to begin making preparations to move into the area located on the east end of the shopping center within the next few days.
The company traditionally carries a full line of work wear, yard equipment, small trailers, parts, ATVs, animal products and many more items.
Remodeling is also under way on the former Golden Corral building located just west of the Hillcrest Plaza Shopping Center. Changes are being made to convert the facility to a Grandy's Restaurant.
Former Vernon resident Dan Richie purchased the site recently. Richie said he would like to be open by Sept. 1.
Grandy's is well known for its family style menu. Richie said several new menu items would also be introduced when the store opens.
Richie, who now lives in Springer, Okla., owns six other Grandy's restaurants, four located in Oklahoma City, and one each in Ardmore and Altus, Okla.
Richie is in the process of hiring a management team for the new restaurant, which will have a staff of about 30.
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text: Jardin is a pinky-coral with a lot of gold shimmer and a frosted finish. It had fairly good pigmentation, and the texture was soft and just a little bit powdery. The color wore well for eight hours before starting to fade. MAC Artistic License (LE, $15.00) is lighter. Clinique Pink and Plenty (P, $17.00) is a cream product. Urban Decay Scratch (P, $18.00) is pinker. See comparison swatches / view dupes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Loyn Bridge
|Loyn Bridge
|54°07′18″N 2°38′30″W / 54.12175°N 2.64157°WCoordinates: 54°07′18″N 2°38′30″W / 54.12175°N 2.64157°W
|Minor road
|River Lune
|Gressingham and Hornby-with-Farleton, Lancashire, England
|Other name(s)
|Loyne Bridge
|Number of spans
Listed Building – Grade II*
|Official name
|Loyne Bridge
|4 October 1967
|Reference no.
|Official name
|Loyn Bridge
|Reference no.
Loyn Bridge (or Loyne Bridge) crosses the River Lune, carrying a minor road between the villages of Hornby and Gressingham in Lancashire, England. The present bridge replaces an older bridge, which is thought to have been constructed with timber decking between stone piers.[1] There is evidence that the river was forded here before a bridge was built.[2] The date of the building of the present bridge is unknown; it is considered to have been after 1591, when the previous bridge was described as being "in a dangerous condition".[1][2][3] A date of 1684 has been suggested, but petitions regarding the bridge put before the Quarter Sessions between 1650 and 1750 make no mention of a new bridge between these dates.[1] The bridge was paid for by the County of Lancashire, and later the responsibility for maintenance and repairs was transferred to the Lonsdale Hundred.[1]
The bridge is constructed in sandstone blocks, and consists of three segmental arches with triangular cutwaters containing refuges for pedestrians.[4] The arches measure 53 feet (16.2 m), 62 feet 6 inches (19.1 m) and 52 feet (15.8 m) respectively. The carriageway is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide, and the maximum width of the bridge at the points of the piers is 33 feet 6 inches (10.2 m). It is described as being "surprisingly impressive for a route that has little significance nowadays".[3] There has been little change to it since it was built, other than replacing the parapet with more modern stonework, and replacing the original paving of the carriageway with a tarmacadam surface. When the bridge was surveyed in 1998, it was found to be adequate to carry vehicles of 40 tonnes.[1] It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade listed building,[4][5] and is a scheduled monument.[5][6]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Silcock, Norman (2001), Maritime Lancaster and the River Lune: The Loyn Bridge (CD), Lancaster: Lancaster Maritime Museum
- ^ a b Scheduled Ancient Monument - Castle Stede, Lancashire County Council, retrieved 7 August 2012
- ^ a b Loyn Bridge, Engineering Timelines, retrieved 7 August 2012
- ^ a b Historic England, "Loyne Bridge (1071682)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 7 August 2012
- ^ a b Historic England. "Loyn Bridge (42928)". PastScape. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
- ^ Historic England, "Loyn Bridge (1003129)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 7 August 2012


text:
One long instrument, containing a camera, had been inserted through the baby's bellybutton. Two others had been slipped into small incisions in his left side, each with tiny operating tools. All three arms were controlled by a surgeon sitting in a boothlike console facing a wall several feet away.
The operation was a success; Ian would go home the next day. His mother, Denise Lund, burst into tears upon hearing the news.
"Can I tackle-hug you?" she asked, rising to embrace Gundeti.
The robot, known as the da Vinci Surgical System, was built by Intuitive Surgical Inc. The Sunnyvale, Calif., company has sold more than 1,500 robotic systems in the U.S. In Illinois, more than 60 hospitals and medical groups have invested in at least one.
Intuitive Surgical is a medical sensation, transforming surgery in some fields, especially gynecology and urology, in about a decade. More than 250,000 hysterectomies and prostate removal surgeries were done with the da Vinci last year, according to the company. Surgeons are expanding use of the machines to other procedures, from gastric bypasses to thyroid cancer surgeries. Advocates of the devices say they make minimally invasive surgery possible for more patients, helping them recover more quickly and in less pain.
But patients wondering whether they should opt for robot-assisted surgery should be aware that the choice is sometimes more complex than the messages presented by hospitals and the company.
Despite a flood of scientific papers associated with the da Vinci, there is a dearth of randomized, controlled studies showing patients do best if procedures are performed with the da Vinci. Federal oversight of medical devices such as the da Vinci is light. There have been voluntary recalls — more than a dozen since 2005 — involving problems with software and surgical instruments. Lawsuits have helped raise concerns that some surgeons are using the devices before the doctors are adequately trained.
This month, a jury awarded a Chicago man's family $7.5 million after he died following a robot-assisted removal of his spleen in 2007 at the University of Illinois Hospital. Neither the hospital nor Intuitive was named as a defendant in the lawsuit. The family alleged that the man's small intestine was punctured twice during surgery, causing a fatal infection.
The man's surgeon testified it was the first time he had used the robot on a living person, according to court documents.
"The robot is the symbol of the current American health care marketplace — rapid widespread adoption with little to no evidence to support it and increased costs," said Dr. Martin Makary, a surgeon at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and author of a study of 400 hospital websites that found they were making unsupported claims about robot-assisted surgery.
The technology that eventually gave birth to the da Vinci robot was created in the 1950s by engineers who wanted to develop robotic arms that could be maneuvered from afar to handle hazardous materials or go places people cannot easily go, such as in space or at the bottom of an ocean.
Eventually people wondered whether the technology, which had been expanded and refined, could be used to improve surgery.
Before the da Vinci, minimally invasive surgery was accomplished with hand-held long instruments and a camera introduced through guiding tubes inserted through small incisions. Known as laparoscopic surgery, that approach spared patients a long scar while potentially reducing complications, pain and recovery time.
But laparoscopic surgery proved hard for many surgeons to learn. The instruments had limited movement compared with the human wrist, and the technique was difficult to adapt to more complex procedures.
The engineers behind the da Vinci aimed to solve those problems, said company CEO Gary Guthart, an engineer who has been with the company since 1996. The da Vinci system would let the surgeon sit and move tools designed to mimic the natural motion of the wrist. The tools would move intuitively. Minimally invasive surgery would be easier to learn. A special video camera would offer a three-dimensional image.
Makary said he remembers when he saw a da Vinci system for the first time, at a surgery conference. Surgeons crowded the exhibit booth, vying for a chance to try the robot.
"It was the hottest thing," he said.


text:
Concert and Live Show News from the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal's Scene Now Blog with Sheena Barnett
'Days of Gold' tour keeps summertime vibe alive
- Sep
- 29
BY RAN VAN DUSEN TUPELO – In part of his stage banter, Jake Owen told a crowd of approximately 5,000 fans Thursday night that summer wasn't over yet. As the cool breeze of autumn was gently blowing in outside, Owen kept that summer vibe alive inside of the BancorpSouth Arena with a performance that can […]read more
McCartney wows at FedEx Forum
- May
- 28
I thought I was ready, but I wasn't. I came into tickets to Sir Paul McCartney's show at the FedEx Forum in Memphis just a few days before the show, so I was an anxious ball of surprised and excited. I'm a huge Beatles fan, and I couldn't imagine hearing some of my favorite songs […]read more


text:
The present invention presents a non-volatile memory system that adapts its performance to one or more system related situation. If a situation occurs where the memory will require more than the allotted time for completing an operation, the memory can switch from its normal operating mode to a high performance mode in order to complete the operation quickly enough. Conversely, if a situation arises where reliability could be an issue (such as partial page programming), the controller could switch to a high reliability mode. In either case, once the trigging system situation has returned to normal, the memory reverts to the normal operation. The detection of such situations can be used both for programming and data relocation operations. An exemplary embodiment is based on firmware programmable performance.
1. A memory system, comprising:
a memory having a rewritable data storage portion; and
a controller for managing data stored in the memory and controlling the transfer of data between the memory system and a host to which it is connected, wherein the controller operates the memory normally at a first performance level and operates the memory at a second, different performance level in response to a system related situation.
2. The memory system of
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21. A method of operating a memory system comprising a memory having a rewritable data storage portion and a controller for managing data stored in the memory and controlling the transfer of data between the memory system and a host to which the memory system is connected, the method comprising:
operating the memory at a first performance level;
determining by the controller of a system related situation; and
in response to said determining a system related situation, operating the memory a second performance level that differs from the first performance level.
22. The method of
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determining by the controller of an additional system related situation; and
in response to said determining a additional system related situation, operating the memory a third performance level in response to an additional system related situation, wherein the third performance level is of greater reliability than the first performance level.
33. The method of
34. The memory system of
35. The memory system of
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This invention relates generally to reprogrammable non-volatile memory systems and their operation, and more specifically to techniques for optimizing programming performance.
Reprogrammable non-volatile memory products are commercially successful and widely available today, particularly in the form of small form factor cards such as the CompactFlash cards (CF), Secure Digital cards (SD), MultiMediaCards (MMC) and Memory Stick cards that are produced by various vendors including SanDisk Corporation. Such cards typically use an array of flash Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) memory cells., Flash EEPROM memory cell arrays are typically produced either as NOR arrays or NAND arrays.
NOR Array
In a typical NOR array, memory cells are connected between adjacent bit line source and drain diffusions that extend in a column direction with control gates connected to word lines extending along rows of cells. One typical memory cell has a "split-channel" between source and drain diffusions. A charge storage element of the cell is positioned over one portion of the channel and the word line (also referred to as a control gate) is positioned over the other channel portion as well as over the charge storage element. This effectively forms a cell with two transistors in series, one (the memory transistor) with a combination of the amount of charge on the charge storage element and the voltage on the word line controlling the amount of current that can flow through its portion of the channel, and the other (the select transistor) having the word line alone serving as its gate. The word line extends over a row of charge storage elements. Examples of such cells, their uses in memory systems and methods of manufacturing them are given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,070,032, 5,095,344, 5,315,541, 5,343,063, and 5,661,053, and in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/239,073, filed Jan. 27, 1999.
A modification of this split-channel flash EEPROM cell adds a steering gate positioned between the charge storage element and the word line. Each steering gate of an array extends over one column of charge storage elements, perpendicular to the word line. The effect is to relieve the word line from having to perform two functions at the same time when reading or programming a selected cell. Those two functions are (1) to serve as a gate of a select transistor, thus requiring a proper voltage to turn the select transistor on and off, and (2) to drive the voltage of the charge storage element to a desired level through an electric field (capacitive) coupling between the word line and the charge storage element. It is often difficult to perform both of these functions in an optimum manner with a single voltage. With the addition of the steering gate, the word line need only perform function (1), while the added steering gate performs function (2). The use of steering gates in a flash EEPROM array is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,313,421 and 6,222,762.
There are various programming techniques for injecting electrons from the substrate onto a floating gate storage element through the gate dielectric. The most common programming mechanisms are described in a book edited by Brown and Brewer, Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memory Technology, IEEE Press, section 1.2, pages 9-25. (1998). One technique, termed channel "hot-electron injection" (section 1.2.3), injects electrons from the cell's channel into a region of the floating gate adjacent the cell's drain. Another technique, termed "source side injection" (section 1.2.4), controls the substrate surface electrical potential along the length of the memory cell channel in a manner to create conditions for electron injection in a region of the channel away from the drain. Source side injection is also described in an article by Kamiya et al., "EPROM Cell with High Gate Injection Efficiency," IEDM Technical Digest, 1982, pages 741-744, and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,622,656 and 5,313,421.
Two techniques for removing charge from charge storage elements to erase memory cells are used in both of the two types of NOR memory cell arrays described above. One is to erase to the substrate by applying appropriate voltages to the source, drain and other gate(s) that cause electrons to tunnel through a portion of a dielectric layer between the storage element and the substrate. The other erase technique is to transfer electrons from the storage element to another gate through a tunnel dielectric layer positioned between them. In the first type of cell described above, a third erase gate is provided for that purpose. In the second type of cell described above, which already has three gates because of the use of a steering gate, the charge storage element is erased to the word line, without the necessity to add a fourth gate. Although this later technique adds back a second function to be performed by the word line, these functions are performed at different times, thus avoiding the necessity of making a compromise because of the two functions. When either erase technique is utilized, a large number of memory cells are grouped together for simultaneously erasure, in a "flash." In one approach, the group includes enough memory cells to store the amount of user data stored in a disk sector, namely 512 bytes, plus some overhead data. In another approach, each group contains enough cells to hold several thousand bytes of user data, equal to many disk sectors' worth of data. Multi-block erasure, defect management and other flash EEPROM system features are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,297,148.
As in most all integrated circuit applications, the pressure to shrink the silicon substrate area required to implement some integrated circuit function also exists with flash EEPROM systems. It is continually desired to increase the amount of digital data that can be stored in a given area of a silicon substrate, in order to increase the storage capacity of a given size memory card and other types of packages, or to both increase capacity and decrease size. One way to increase the storage density of data is to store more than one bit of data per memory cell. This is accomplished by dividing a window of a storage element charge level voltage range into more than two states. The use of four such states allows each cell to store two bits of data, eight states stores three bits of data per cell, and so on. A multiple state flash EEPROM structure and operation is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,043,940 and 5,172,338.
Another type of memory cell includes two storage elements that may also be operated in multiple states on each storage element. In this type of cell, two storage elements are included over its channel between source and drain diffusions with a select transistor in between them. A steering gate is included along each column of storage elements and a word line is provided thereover along each row of storage elements. When accessing a given storage element for reading or programming, the steering gate over the other storage element of the cell containing the storage element of interest is raised sufficiently high to turn on the channel under the other storage element no matter what charge level exists on it. This effectively eliminates the other storage element as a factor in reading or programming the storage element of interest in the same memory cell. For example, the amount of current flowing through the cell, which can be used to read its state, is then a function of the amount of charge on the storage element of interest but not of the other storage element in the same cell. Examples of this cell array architecture and operating techniques are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,712,180, 6,103,573 and 6,151,248.
NAND Array
Another flash EEPROM architecture utilizes a NAND array, wherein series strings of more than two memory cells, such as 16 or 32, are connected along with one or more select transistors between individual bit lines and a reference potential to form columns of cells. Word lines extend across cells within a large number of these columns. An individual cell within a column is read and verified during programming by causing the remaining cells in the string to be turned on hard so that the current flowing through a string is dependent upon the level of charge stored in the addressed cell. An example of a NAND architecture array and its operation as part of a memory system is found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,570,315, 5,774,397 and 6,046,935.
The charge storage elements of current flash EEPROM arrays and discussed in the foregoing referenced patents and articles are most commonly electrically conductive floating gates, typically formed from doped polysilicon material. Another type of memory cell useful in flash EEPROM systems utilizes a non-conductive dielectric material in place of a conductive floating gate to store charge in a non-volatile manner. Such a cell is described in an article by Chan et al., "A True Single-Transistor Oxide-Nitride-Oxide EEPROM Device," IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. EDL-8, No. 3, March 1987, pp. 93-95. A triple layer dielectric formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxide ("ONO") is sandwiched between a conductive control gate and a surface of a semi-conductive substrate above the memory cell channel. The cell is programmed by injecting electrons from the cell channel into the nitride, where they are trapped and stored in a limited region. This stored charge then changes the threshold voltage of a portion of the channel of the cell in a manner that is detectable. The cell is erased by injecting hot holes into the nitride. See also Nozaki et al., "A 1-Mb EEPROM with MONOS Memory Cell for Semiconductor Disk Application," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 26, No. 4, April 1991, pp. 497-501, which describes a similar cell in a split-gate configuration where a doped polysilicon gate extends over a portion of the memory cell channel to form a separate select transistor.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,881 describes the use of two storage elements positioned adjacent each other over the channel of the memory cell, one being such a dielectric element and the other a conductive floating gate. Two, bits of data are stored, one in the dielectric element and the other in the floating gate. The memory cell is programmed into one of four different threshold level combinations, representing one of four storage states, by programming each of the two gates into one of two different charge level ranges.
Another approach to storing two bits in each cell utilizing a dielectric storage element has been described by Eitan et al., "NROM: A Novel Localized Trapping, 2-Bit Nonvolatile Memory Cell," IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 21, no. 11, November 2000, pp. 543-545. An ONO dielectric layer extends across the channel between source and drain diffusions. The charge for one data bit is localized in the dielectric layer adjacent to the drain, and the charge for the other data bit is localized in the dielectric layer adjacent to the source. Multi-state data storage is obtained by separately reading binary states of the spatially separated charge storage regions within the dielectric.
Large Erase Blocks
Memory cells of a typical non-volatile flash array are divided into discrete blocks of cells that are erased together. That is, the block is the erase unit. Each block typically stores one or more pages of data, the page being the unit of programming and reading, although more than one page may be programmed or read in a single operation. Each page typically stores one or more sectors of data, the size of the sector being defined by the host system. An example is a sector of 512 bytes of user data, following a standard established with magnetic disk drives, plus some number of bytes of overhead information about the user data and/or the block in which it is stored.
It is sometimes necessary to erase blocks in order to free them up for a write operation. In this case, valid pages of data within the block to be erased (the original block) are consolidated and copied to another block (the update block) prior to erasing the original block. This process is called "garbage collection." During garbage collection, the remaining valid pages of data from the original block are copied from the original block to the update block. Once the copy operation is complete, the original block gets erased and then the update block becomes the original block.
The operation of such memory systems is a trade off between performance on the one hand and reliability and power consumption on the other. The operating parameters of the memory are selected so that sufficient time is allowed for all expected operations. If the time allowance is too high and the memory is run slowly, time out or low performance situations can result; while if the time allowance is too short and the memory is run fast, reliability and power consumption will suffer. Once a chosen timeout on the host side is agreed upon, the performance of the card is designed to a level sufficient so that all expected operations can be executed in the allotted time. To design to a higher level of performance is at the cost of lower reliability, greater power consumption, or, typically, both.
In the move to ever-larger block structures, there is an increased likelihood of the rare occurrence of an system situation leading to a time out. Examples would include a particularly involved garbage collection or a programming error. This is particularly the case in multi-state memories with their longer programming time. This problem can be dealt with by improving programming times to accommodate these unusual situations, but at the cost of worse reliability or higher power use for the vast majority of normal operating situations. Conversely, other operations need much less than the allotted time or are situations having reliability issues. In these cases, the system is operating at higher power consumption or lower reliability mode than necessary.
Generally, the present invention presents a non-volatile memory system adapts its performance to one or more system related situation. If a situation occurs where the memory will require more than the allotted time for completing an operation, the memory can switch from its normal operating mode to a high performance mode in order to complete the operation quickly enough. This allows the card to avoid issue of timeout, while minimizing the reliability issues of reducing programming time. The detection of such high latency operations can be used both for programming and data relocation operations. For example, during a garbage collection operation, if an error occurs or there is the need for the relocation of a particularly large amount of data, the amount of error detection and correction operations performed on the data can be reduced. As another example, to increase programming speed in such a situation, the clock rate of the system can be increased or the characteristics of the programming pulses (such as size or duration) can be altered.
Conversely, if a situation arises where reliability could be an issue (such as partial page programming), the controller could switch to a high reliability mode. Examples of special, high reliability sequences could include using a higher level of ECC, slower clock rates, or less disruptive programming sequences. In either case, once the trigging system's operational situation has returned to normal, the memory reverts to the normal operating. An exemplary embodiment is based on firmware programmable performance.
Additional aspects, features and advantages of the present invention are included in the following description of specific representative embodiments, which description should be taken in conjunction with the following drawings.
The controller 27 is connectable through lines 35 to a host device (not shown). The host may be a personal computer, notebook computer, digital camera, audio player, various other hand held electronic devices, and the like. The memory system of
The decoder and driver circuits 13, 19 and 21 generate appropriate voltages in their respective lines of the array 11, as addressed over the bus 25, according to control signals in respective control and status lines 29, 31 and 33, to execute programming, reading and erasing functions. Any status signals, including voltage levels and other array parameters, are provided by the array 11 to the controller 27 over the same control and status lines 29, 31 and 33. A plurality of sense amplifiers within the circuit 13 receive current or voltage levels that are indicative of the states of addressed memory cells within the array 11, and provides the controller 27 with information about those states over lines 41 during a read operation. A large number of sense amplifiers are usually used in order to be able to read the states of a large number of memory cells in parallel. During reading and program operations, one row of cells is typically addressed at a time through the circuits 19 for accessing a number of cells in the addressed row that are selected by the circuits 13 and 21. During an erase operation, all cells in each of many rows are typically addressed together as a block for simultaneous erasure.
Operation of a memory system such as illustrated in
The data stored in the memory cells (M) are read out by the column control circuit 2 and are output to external I/O lines via an I/O line and a data input/output buffer 6. Program data to be stored in the memory cells are input to the data input/output buffer 6 via the external I/O lines, and transferred to the column control circuit 2. The external I/O lines are connected to a controller 43. The controller 43 includes various types of registers and other memory, typically in a volatile random access memory (RAM) 50.
Command data for controlling the flash memory device are inputted to command circuits 7 connected to external control lines that are connected with the controller 43. The command data informs the flash memory of what operation is requested. The input command is transferred to a state machine 8 that controls the column control circuit 2, the row control circuit 3, the c-source control circuit 4, the c-p-well control circuit 5 and the data input/output buffer 6. The state machine 8 can output a status data of the flash memory such as READY/BUSY or PASS/FAIL. The state machine 8 also includes a number of registers and other volatile random-access-memory 45.
The controller 43 is connected or connectable with a host system such as a personal computer, a digital camera, or a personal digital assistant. It is the host that initiates commands, such as to store or read data to or from the memory array 1, and provides or receives such data, respectively. The controller converts such commands into command signals that can be interpreted and executed by the command circuits 7. The controller also typically contains buffer memory for the user data being written to or read from the memory array. A typical memory system includes one integrated circuit chip 47 that includes the controller 43, and one or more integrated circuit chips 49 that each contain a memory array and associated control, input/output and state machine circuits. The trend, of course, is to integrate the memory array and controller circuits of a system together on one or more integrated circuit chips.
Either of the memory systems of
According to a primary aspect of the present invention, the memory adapts its performance to one or more system related situations. For example, if a situation occurs where the memory will require more than the allotted time for completing an operation, the memory can switch from its normal operating mode to a high performance mode in order to complete the operation quickly enough. This allows the card to avoid issue of timeout, while minimizing the reliability issues of reducing programming time. Conversely, if a situation arises where reliability could be an issue, could switch to a high reliability mode; for example, this can reduce the program disturb issue caused by partial programming. In either case, once the trigging system situation has returned to normal, the memory reverts to the normal operating. An exemplary embodiment is based on firmware programmable performance.
The firmware would issue a special command sequence to go into fast programming/low endurance mode during critical timeout circumstances. At other times, this mode would not be used and a slower/high endurance mode would be used. This would significantly reduce the engineering effort in device design caused by tradeoff between programming time and endurance. A complimentary aspect is to use a slow method during partial page programming and other situations that could result in reliability problems to reduce disturb effect.
More specifically, the present invention address issues such as those caused by large block sizes (as driven by technology), programming time during garbage collection, and host interface latency issues. For example, the specification for the SD card specifies a timeout of 250 ms. The time to perform a garbage collection is typically:
Various methods can be employed to reduce this time, which is critical to avoiding high latency problems. Typically they fall into several categories:
However, from a system perspective the worst-case garbage collection is less frequent than typical garbage collection. The invention takes advantage of this fact and only performs some of the reliability effecting optimizations when needed. The system can always detect when it is in a high latency situation and can trigger these methods as required. By only performing reliability-affecting optimizations at these times, the overall reliability is improved while avoiding time outs.
Examples of system related situations that can act as triggers during the operation of the memory system include:
A number of optimizations are possible, either individually or in combination, according to various embodiments of the present invention. These possibilities include
It may also be possible to spread out data transfers (or other long-latency operations) over several busy periods between transfers. This sort of rescheduling or spreading an operation over several cycles can help to ameliorate high latency operations, both those of step 305 or those of step 405 discussed below with respect to
Returning to
The exemplary embodiment of
The memory can return to its normal operating mode in a number of different ways, depending on the implementation. For example, it may be that the special mode needs to specified for each cycle, that the special mode is limited to the duration of a particular command sequence, that a command is used to return to the normal mode, or some combination of these.
One specific example of an system related situation when even worse reliability sequences may need to be compensated for is partial programming. Partial programming is one of the more difficult NAND parameters to optimize due to disturb mechanisms. However, from a system perspective the system knows when a partial programming sequence is required. Special slow or low disturb mechanisms could be used in this case. In some cases, the NAND memory itself may be able to detect this sequence and optimize itself instead of requiring a separate command sequence.
There are a number of possible embodiments for speeding up the memory in step 405, which can be used individually or combined. One implementation is to change the clock speed on the memory; for example, lower power systems operating at 30 MHz could switch to 60 MHz, and a standard 60 MHz system could go to an even faster clock. In other implementations, the characteristics of the programming pulses (duration, step size, etc.) can be switched. (Conversely, all these sorts of changes can be switched the other direction in the special reliability sequences of step 411.)
In systems that incorporate a post-write read to ensure that data was written correctly, this step can be skipped in the fast mode. Scrub operations (such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,962) and wear-leveling operations used to improve memory reliability can be curtailed in critical situations. Further, the voltage regulator or other power source can be modified for improved speed/reliability at the expense of power consumption, for example switching between high- or low-current modes.
Many of the implementations for special high reliability programming sequences are the converse of those described above for step 405. These include adding post-write read or other such system features, modifying the voltage regulator or other power source for improved reliability vs. power consumption, altering the characteristics of the programming pulses, and so on.
Depending on the particular characteristics of the, memory used, various implementation issues may need to be addressed. For example, the changing of write characteristics (either to be faster or slower) may change the distribution of the data states and affect the reading back of the data. When such problems may arise, the system preferably has a mechanism for either tracking or detecting the differing write conditions during the read process, as required. This could include the altering of read margins (or the use, of "heroic" read sequences) during a data read-back.
Although shown separately here, the embodiments of
Additionally, although steps 305 and 405 refer to a single high performance mode, more generally a number of graduated high performance modes may be used. Depending upon the severity of the situation, the appropriate performance mode can be selected. Similarly, a number of graduated levels of increasing reliability can be used in steps 311 and 411. As with the other aspects described above, these various aspects may be implemented in hardware, software, or, in the preferred embodiment, through programmable firmware.
The above presents various techniques for improving the performance of memory systems. A number of other techniques for improving performance are described in U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 10/901,849 filed Jul. 28, 2004, and Ser. No. 10/886,302, filed Jul. 6, 2004, both of which are cited above. The various aspects of these applications are complimentary and can be combined.
Although the various aspects of the present invention have been described with respect to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is entitled to protection within the full scope of the appended claims.
The patents, patent applications, articles and book portions identified above are all hereby expressly incorporated in their entirety into this Background by these references.
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text:
Who says you cannot have fun and intellectual conversation about global leadership at the same time?
What is the Global Engagement and Leadership Experience (GELE)
The Global Engagement and Leadership Experience (GELE) is a two-and-a-half day conference that brings together international and U.S. students to discuss and learn about aspects of global leadership. It is the perfect mix of serious conversations, engaging activities, and practical simulations.
There are two main purposes for GELE: It provides a space for diverse populations of international students and the diverse populations U.S. students to talk about cultures and think through leadership through the variety of global perspectives. Secondly, for GELE participants to positively impact the global climate at Penn State, inspiring fellow Penn Staters--future leaders--to transform themselves into globally-engaged and responsible citizens.
If that interests you, then apply for GELE in Spring 2015!
When is GELE?
GELE is held twice a year, once in the fall semester and again in the spring semester. Spring 2015 marks the first time that GELE will be offered to the campuses.
Spring 2015
University Park GELE
February 27-March 1, 2015
Nature Inn at Bald Eagle State Park
Applications for the University Park GELE are now closed.
Penn State Commonwealth Campus GELE
March 27-29, 2015
Nature Inn at Bald Eagle State Park
Apply Now (please consider your spring schedule)
Applications are now open! The deadline to submit is March 1st.
Contact email@example.com with any questions.
GELE Participant Selection Process and Deadlines
GELE participants include half international students and half U.S. students from a variety of backgrounds, cultures, races, ethnicities and more. Admittance to GELE is provided only to successful applicants in a competitive selection process.
GELE is a collaboration between the University Office of Global Programs and Student Affairs.


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News, Events and Other Important Information
Wednesday, February 26, 2014
Posted by
Rena Philips
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To learn about chromatography, third-graders at the MCPSS Magnet School of Math and Science headed to their daily lab.
Each student held a green marker on a coffee filter and counted out three seconds, watching as the mark grew bigger. They then used a dropper and counted out four drops of water to see what would happen to their original mark.
Like true scientists, they wrote out their observations.
"The color spread to the end of the coffee filter. The colors are: black, green, purple,...
Continue reading...
Posted by
Nancy Pierce
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The Mobile County Board of School Commissioners approved the 2014-2015 school calendar during its regularly scheduled meeting February 25.
The calendar committee presented three options. Two public hearings were held and input was given to the board.
Option one was approved. It includes the following important dates: Students will start the year on Aug 7 and end it on June 1. They will be out one week for Thanksgiving and Mardi Gras; Dec 19-Jan 5 for winter break; and April 6-10 for spring...
Monday, February 24, 2014
Posted by
Marcie McNeal
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The secret ingredient was satsuma but the secret to winning was salmon with warm lentil salad made by the Davidson High School culinary team.
On Saturday, February 22, six high schools met at Culinard to participate in the 2nd annual Golden Spoon competition. The competition is sponsored by MCPSS Career-Technical Education Division, Golden Corral restaurants and the Culinary Institute of Virginia.
Similar to the popular food competition shows, each school - represented by...
If you collect all the right tools in school – as astronaut Kay Hire did at Murphy High – you can go anywhere you want in this world.
Or even out of it.
That's the message Hire gave to students at her alma mater today as she visited. Hire, a 1977 graduate, was the first female pilot in combat. She has been to space twice – aboard the shuttles Columbia and Endeavour – and she installed the cupola on the International Space Station.
"When I graduated, I had...
Tuesday, February 18, 2014
GRAND BAY, Alabama – Minutes after being named one of the nation's top teachers, and receiving a surprise check for $25,000 in a gymnasium crowded with her Grand Bay Middle School students, reading intervention teacher Jennifer Olewnik called her husband on her cell phone to share the news.
He said he knew she was a great teacher, but he didn't quite believe the part about the $25,000.
"Honey, you don't know me," state schools Superintendent Tommy Bice said...
Thursday, February 13, 2014
Congratulations to Hankins Middle 6th grade student, Zoe Blanton, 3rd place winner of The 87th Annual Mobile County Spelling Bee! Almost 60 elementary and middle school students from public, private, and parochial schools participated in the contest. The bee was sponsored by New Horizons Credit Union and the GoDaddy.com Bowl, and was held Friday, Feb. 1, at Bishop State's Baker-Gaines Central Campus Auditorium.
Schools held a school-wide bee and the winner participated...
Monday, February 10, 2014
Young Authors' Conference
West Regional Branch Library, 5555 Grelot Road
Saturday, March 15, 2014, 9:00 – 12:00
Guest Author: Sheila Booth-Alberstadt (http://sbabooks.com),
Her books include: Maggie McNair Has Spiders in Her Hair, Maggie McNair Wears Stinky Underwear, Under the Crybaby Tree, and An Angel in the Sky.
Students in Grades 3-6 are invited to participate in the 2014 Mobile Young Authors'...
Friday, February 07, 2014
MCPSS Magnet School of Mathematics and Science will be moving to Eichold-Mertz Elementary School on Government Boulevard in time for the 2014-15 school year.
Superintendent Martha Peek made a recommendation to the school board to that effect during a special-called meeting today. The board voted 4-1 in favor of doing so. Board member Tracie Roberson, whose district includes Eichold-Mertz, opposed.
Prior to that vote, the board unanimously rescinded a vote taken last year to move the magnet school...
Tuesday, February 04, 2014
Posted by
Marcie McNeal
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Eichold-Mertz decided to reward its top AR students with a gift that soars! Thanks to Partners, Academy sports & Outdoors and Walmart the students were entered into a drawing for bicycles at Eichold-Mertz Elementary School. Students had to be proficient on the Reading and Math EQTs, have good attendance, and have shown excellent behavior during the school year in order to get their names entered into the drawing. Mr. Torbert from Academy Sports was on campus to help with the presentation...
Sara Baldwin is an eighth grader at Dunbar Magnet School for the Creative and Performing Arts, and was unanimously chosen to represent the school as 2013 Red Ribbon Week Leadership Award Recipient. Sara developed and organized her service project with very little assistance of the adults in her family or school staff; she knew what she wanted to accomplish, and and stayed focused on her goal. Sara pulled her school and church family together, and under her leadership, was able to completely furnish two apartments...
Congratulations to Theodore High School senior, Marissa Horstman. Marissa won Mobile County's Distinguished Young Woman for 2014. She recently competed in the State Competition and finished 2nd runner-up out of 48 contestants. She represented her county and school very well, taking home the following scholarship awards:
2nd alt..............$2,000 cash scholarship
Self Expression...$700 cash scholarship
Fitness..............$700 cash scholarship
Congratulations to the 2014 Junior Master Gardener (JMG) Teacher/Leader mini-grant winners for Mobile County Public School-Troy McHenry, Baker and Deanna Stevens, Dawes Intermediate! The teachers will use the grant which includes tools and educational packets to teach students gardening. JMG is a program through Alabama 4-H that teaches youth gardening and yields a host of benefits. University research shows that groups of students taking part in the Junior Master Gardener program...
On January 15th Arkema held their annual Award Day for students at McDavid-Jones. Arkema employees; Judy Smith-Human Resources, Bruce Weaver-Purchasing and Dwayne Christian presented the awards. Students were recognized for A/AB Honor Roll, Most Improved and Perfect Attendance. Students were given tickets to redeem for snacks. Students were also recognized for meeting their Accelerated Reader Goal and given bonus cards for extra privileges in the library. A special thank...
Hankins Middle School is proudly announces its top Accelerated Reader students for the first semester:
1st Place- Aspen Demanis (read 3.8 million words)
2nd Place- Austin Strong (read 3.5 million words)
3rd Place- Mica Adam (read 2.5 million words)
Brandon Sellers, Olivia Woods, Kendall Martinez, Chloe Nguyen, Savanna Gray, Anna Hardy, Jessica Black, and Monica Vega were also among the top students reading more than a million words each.
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Marcie McNeal
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Gilliard Elementary played host to the 6th Annual Gilliard Gator Pride Archery Tournament. This huge tournament was a three day event held on December 12th, 13th and 14th at Gilliard Elementary School. There were local teams from Mobile and Baldwin counties as well as teams from Pascagoula, MS and Ft.Walton Beach, FL.
The tournament had 27 teams in three divisions. Gilliard came in first out of thirteen elementary school teams with a total score of 3019. There were 268 shooters...
Copyright © 2015 Mobile County Public Schools


text: A return visit, it felt like staying with friends who are personally concerned to treat you nice and make you happy. These are GOOD things :) House and rooms super-clean, with perfect period touches. And the breakfasts amazing again! Tip: when asked, agree that you want a full pot of coffee to be brewed in the morning; it's so good... More


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There is, I'm guessing, at least a remote possibility that somebody out there might attend my BYU Education Week lectures on 19-22 August.
So I thought that a recommendation might not be amiss:
Part of my lectures — certainly on the first day — will concentrate on the resurrection narratives in Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, and John 20-21.
I'll try to summarize those passages during my lectures, and will certainly comment on them, but I'm not sure how much time I'll actually have for such summation and comment. (I have a lot of stuff to cover.)
So, if a member of the audience were to have re-read those five chapters in advance — it's only five chapters! — that might not do any substantial harm . . .


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Kennis Music Cancels Easter Fiesta To Honour Goldie
Sources close to Kennis Music that the annual Kennis Music Easter Fiesta will not hold this year.
This, we gathered, is to due to the loss of Goldie, who was a member of the Kennis Music family where she was an artiste under the label.
The cancellation is to honour the late singer who was buried yesterday amidst tears and sorrow.
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Sound of walking on floor wood panels. Background noise removed as usual. Enjoy!
thanks, dude! awesome, just what I was searching! :)
It's ultra clean. Exactly the kind of steps I was looking for! Thank you!
Thank you, it will be good
Great footstep! Background noise removed as usual.... If this was done by everybody as here, freesound would be a so better place. Thank's for your sharing. ^-_-^
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text:
Sports Authority faces high default risk
The company currently owns the playing field of the Denver Broncos, Sports Authority Field at Mile High.
The company currently owns the playing field of the Denver Broncos, Sports Authority Field at Mile High.
Kubiak replaces John Fox, who was ousted last Monday following Denver's loss to Indianapolis in the playoffs.
Fox won the AFC West all four of his years in Denver, but each of those seasons ended in ugly fashion in the playoffs.
Andrew Luck threw two touchdown passes and the Indianapolis Colts upset Peyton Manning and the Denver Broncos 24-13 Sunday in the AFC playoffs.
The Denver Broncos start the playoffs Sunday against the Indianapolis Colts at home.
For 42 years, no Super Bowl loser has gone on to win the championship game the next year. The Denver Broncos hope to break that streak.
Longtime owner Pat Bowlen, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's, is handing over control of the team, but a trust in his name retains ownership.
The 70-year-old is battling Alzheimer's disease. Team president Joe Ellis will take over after being named as the Broncos' chief executive officer.
CPR Classical's Jean Inaba has an orange crush on the orchestra's team spirit.
Disappointed fans shocked and embarrassed as a record-breaking season ends with a blowout loss in Super Bowl XLVIII.


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Putin, Ukraine president discuss possible ceasefire: Kremlin
Published on Jun 18, 2014 6:29 AM
MOSCOW (AFP) - President Vladimir Putin and his Ukrainian counterpart Petro Poroshenko discussed a possible ceasefire, the Kremlin said on Tuesday, after a second member of a Russian television crew was confirmed to have died in the east of the ex-Soviet state.
"The issue of possible ceasefire in the area of a military operation in Ukraine's south-east has been touched upon," the Kremlin said after the talks.
Mr Putin expressed concern over the deaths of the two Russian media workers and stressed the importance of ensuring safety of reporters working in Ukraine, the Kremlin said.
"Petro Poroshenko expressed condolences over the deaths of Russian media representatives and assured the Russian president that a relevant investigation would be conducted following his order," Mr Putin's office said.
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Mississippi State feels confident it can end its current five-game losing streak.
After starting 3-2 in Southeastern Conference play, the Bulldogs have lost five in a row, but have a chance to correct that tonight.
The Magnolia State Bulldogs (13-10, 3-7) tangle with the Peach State Bulldogs (12-10, 6-4) of Georgia tonight. Tipoff is scheduled for 8:02 p.m. and can be seen on Fox Sports Net.
"They're a big, physical team," MSU head coach Rick Ray said. "(They are) a well-coached club, but looking forward to playing at the Hump."
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Keyword: filter presses ×
The Filter Press Co. Limited
based in West Yorkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
A big usage of Filter Presses are in the Waste Water Treatment, this can be from controlling a companies waste water down the drain, to collecting solids in the Sewage Industry.
Zhengpu DIBO Filter Press company
based in Zhengzhou, CHINA
Zhengzhou Zhengpu DIBO Filter Press Company is professionally engaged in Filter press and relevant products researching, manufacturing, trading company. The company separated from YuZhou Chemical Machinery Company and will concentrate on doing international business. We have our own brand called DIBO and we have been engaged in DIBO filter research and development, ...
Jianhua Filter Press Co. LTD
based in Hangzhou, CHINA
Our main product which we design and produce ourselves is the Jianhua brand filter press.
Hengshui Jiatai Filter Press Co.,Ltd
based in Hengshui, CHINA
We are professional manufacturer of Filter Presses in China. With more than 10 years of experience and a professional team of development, design for engineering, equipment manufacture and installation, we can produce different types of Automatic diaphragm pressure filter. With constant innovation and efforts, this technology has achieved the international advanced ...
Hangzhou Xingyuan Filter Press Co.,Ltd.
based in Hangzhou, CHINA
Founded in 1988, Hangzhou Xingyuan Filter Technology Co.,ltd.is a professional filter press manufacturer and facilitator. By the development of science and technology, Xingyuan now covers an area of 125 mu with a plant building of 58,000m2, and owns a total assets over 1.6 billion RMB. During its ten year`s development, `Xingyuan Filter` has gradually established and ...
Jingjin Filter press Group Co. Ltd.
based in Shandong, CHINA
Jingjin Filter press Group Co. Ltd. which was originally established in with former name HEBEI Jingjin filter press co., LTD is a professional manufacturing group of filter press. In the recent 20 years, the group develops rapidly from scratch. JINGJIN group sets the sight on the leading edge and sophisticated technology of the separation machinery industry in the world. ...
Hangzhou LEO Filter Press Co., Ltd.
based in Hangzhou, CHINA
Hangzhou Leo Filter Press Co.,Ltd. is a professional filter press manufacturer,supplier,designer and exporter from China, all the filter press products and filter press systems are exporting oriented. Besides the standard designed filter presses, Leo Filter Press offers automatic filter press and special designed filter press according to different material filtration and ...
Pacpress / Pacific Press Co.
based in Anaheim, CALIFORNIA (USA)
We specialize in the manufacturing and installation of Filter Presses and related support equipment to remove solids from liquids, coupled with engineered solutions to your unique separation application. Our customers require solids-liquid separation, our company designs and builds equipment to separate solids. We intend to manufacture that equipment, provide related ...
Whirlston Oil Press Machinery
based in Zhengzhou, CHINA
We are professional manufacturer of various oil pressing machines and equipment with over 13 years experience. Now we supply mini oil press for home use, hydraulic oil press, screw oil press and integrated screw oil press for medium and large production use, various oilseeds processing machines like oilseeds cleaning/sifting machine, oilseeds shelling machine, oilseeds ...
N.M.Patel Enginerring - Filter Press and Plates Manufacturers Bilimora Surat Gujarat
based in Bilimora, INDIA
NMP Engineering Co. is Bilimora's and Surat's Leading Manufacturer of Filter Press, Filter Plates, Filter Press Plates, Filter Press Frames, Wooden Plates, Chamber Plates in India.


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Cayuga Lake House
From $600 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 4/
Bathrooms: 2/
Sleeps: 12/
Type: House
Lovely Gingerbread style home on a private, park like setting, just four miles north of Lansing Schools and only a 25 minute drive to Ithaca. This home has a patio & porch, barbecue, carport, wood stove, fireplace and hardwood floors. With much of the original charm and character still in place, you will feel relaxed and comfortable. Rental includes lake access with beach and dock.
Downstaires Bedroom has 1 Full Bed and 1 Twin Bed; Upstaires Bedroom #1 has 1 Queen Bed; Upstaires Bedroom #2 has 1 Full Bed; Upstaires Bedroom #3 has 1 Queen Bed. There is a futon on the upstaires landing and a sleeper sofa in the livingroom.
About the owner
About the owner
Ron Ronsvalle
Ron Ronsvalle
- Response rate: 15%
- Response time: Within 4 days
- Calendar updated: 11 days ago
Overall rating:
Cayuga Lake House Cayuga Lake, New York
Additional Location Information
This rental is on a private lot, about 75 yards from Cayuga Lake. It is not directly on the lake but there is a small beach area and a dock for your enjoyment. You are just minutes away from the Cayuga Lake Wine Trail.
More About This Location
Lake nearby
Show rates details
Also consider
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- Lake of the Ozarks vacation rentals - 152 rentals from $89/night
- Put in Bay cabins - 24 rentals from $125/night
- Chelan vacation rentals - 24 rentals from $195/night


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New! Terrain Tuff Tote
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Excellent for hauling gear and large game
Designed for use as a sled
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text:
I mostly dislike the New Age movement because it
promises false hope (e.g.- do this, think this, say this,
imagine this, and everything will be perfect). The author
left Christianity, explored other religions, and then met
Friend G who gave him his insights. Now, not everyone has to
prescribe to Christianity, but it does not offer false hope.
Jesus says life will be hard but that we can persevere because
He loves us. This Friend G is written as having supernatural
powersi, scientific insights and foreknowledge of doom. I
personally think this author has encountered the demonic or
psychotic but not some great prophet. There is a lot of
fantasy universalism in this book. God loves everybody, yes,
but there is only one Way. As a friend quoted, "If my truth
and your truth aren't the same, then one of us is
This book mentions sexual things not suitable for
young readers, amongst other mature topics
Reviewer City, State and Country: Staten Island, NY


text:
BPL Community Profile
Art ... (asandh) - BPL Forum Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by Art ...
Showing 171 - 180 of 1375 | Page: 1 ...9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ...138
JMT Record Attempts - 2014
summer 2014, some time in the second half of July, Krissy (Kristin) Moehl will be attempting to break the JMT speed record. It will almost certainly be the supported record she is going for. Cur...
Re: OK umbrella peeps...let me have it!
I'm sorry ... but I live by the old Fernando Lamas line : "Looking good is much more important than feeling good". I prefer heat stroke and skin cancer to giving someone the opp...
But Seriously ...
does anyone know when the closed trails are scheduled to reopen ?
Re: Training Thoughts- Approaching First Long Hike
I honestly don't see much difference between # 1 and # 2. I think short multi day trips would serve more as gear shake out trips than training trips. You only need 1 of these if you really f...
Re: Drones in US wilderness
10 years from now, a personal drone in the wilderness will be mandatory. you will need to own or rent one to get a back country permit, for safety of course. the camera will watch your every move...
Re: Adventure Medical Kits SOL Escape Bivvy
so if I dumb Richard's analysis down a bit we are saying : this product has good insulation value, is highly breathable, is not quite water proof but is highly water resistant, and is che...
Re: Sub 4 pound single skin tent...does it exist?
there are 2 lb free standing single wall tents. don't know if they are 87" long. example : MH Direkt 2
Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: ^^^^^^^^^^^^
thanks for the input on the UL rain coats. Tom just brought up a good point. among the sub 7 oz rain jackets, is there one that is more durable than the others ? I do realize that with UL weig...
Re: Rock Climbing Bears!
5.10 free solo ... Great Composure !
Re: Any New UL Rain Jackets on the Market ?
several good possibilities suggested so far. thanks. I will look in to them.
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Jonathan Schoop looks like a guy who walked in on the middle of a movie. He's completely lost at third base and his inability to catch up with the plot is costing his team.
Sunday night in Boston, the Orioles suffered a sickening, come-from-way-ahead loss on a game-ending throwing error by left fielder David Lough. Schoop, who started the game at second base – his natural position – moved to third when JJ Hardy's hamstring went bad. With the score tied at 5 and the bases loaded in the bottom of the ninth, Boston's Mike Carp sent a rocket directly to Lough, who made a terrific catch.
Dustin Pedroia, the runner at third, broke back to the base and tagged up. But Lough'd been playing so shallow that Pedroia hesitated after tagging … until Schoop failed to cut off Lough's wide throw that skipped past catcher Matt Wieters and all the way to the backstop. While the ball ricocheted like a stray bullet, Pedroia scored easily. Game over.
Schoop admitted after the game that he should've cut the throw. A natural third baseman would have known the throw was headed a long way from the catcher. But Schoop is A) a second baseman and B) 22 years old. Filling in while the mighty Manny Machado rehabs his knee, Schoop has produced some offense, but has looked baffled at third. Sunday night, he cost his team another run when, playing far too deep with the bases loaded in the seventh, Schoop fielded a Mike Napoli ground ball, then threw home too late and too wide to force a speedy Grady Sizemore. With David Ortiz at first and Napoli running, the ball was a fine candidate for a double play.
The Orioles can't afford bad defense. Whether or not you call them contenders, a major part of what's dragged them out of the crapper has been their terrific defense the past two seasons. Offense and good defense have helped Buck Showalter paint over some of the cracks in the pitching staff.
But when your third baseman doesn't know where to play or where to throw or when to cut off a throw from left field, there's not enough paint in the can to hide the flaws.
Manny Machado's return will feel like Christmas for Baltimore fans, who've watched their manager shuffle so-so infielders around the diamond like a shell game artist. A handful of Tweeters pinned Sunday's loss on Showalter for putting Schoop at third after Hardy's injury. I suppose there were other combinations for the three remaining infielders. But I'm not inclined to put Steve Lombardozzi at third; he's played only a handful of games there in his career.
If anyone in the dugout has questions to answer, it's the guy in charge of positioning infielders. Wayne Kirby? Bobby Dickerson? John Russell? I forget whose job that is.
Anyway, as they say, it's still early. No one in the American League East is jumping out to a big lead or falling out of the race yet. There's plenty of baseball left to play.
But defense like Sunday's can sour a promising season. Time to tighten up.
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This week we bring you our favourite moments from around the world. Whether it's snow in the Grand Canyon, a dip in the beautiful waterfalls of Luang Prabang, or a stunning nightly stroll in Lucerne, these photos inspire us to explore the world.
Every day we scour Instagram to find the best Contiki travel snaps to share with our followers. Get involved and hashtag #contiki.
Who said it doesn't snow in the desert? Photo via @daina13.
Check out this amazing photo of the Grand Canyon covered in snow. This unexpected sight is breathtaking.
Balloon fiesta. Photo via @lanaaa.
If you think the sight of all these balloons dancing down low is amazing, wait till you see them up high in the sky! Up up and away.
Splish Splash. Photo via @dollvandal.
Ah… there's nothing like a quick dip in this natural beauty on a hot summer's day
Reflection shot! Photo via @sethvstaden.
We've decided this is our favourite Lucerne by night photo! We love the blue colours, the moon's shine and the beautiful glow on the water. Magical!
Breathtaking sights. Photo via @bbroxx.
We know what you're thinking, where was this amazing sunrise taken? Cocoa Beach, Florida of course. It's got to be one of our favourite beaches in the world.
Special Thanks
Special thanks to our past passengers @daina13, @_lanaaa, @dollvandal, @sethvstaden and @bbroxx for letting us share their amazing photos and travel experiences.
Follow us @contiki (http://instagram.com/contiki)
Add #contiki to your travel photos and we'll re-post our fav's.


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It's hard to put a finger on when Open started to become a dream. I can remember having conversations with Kristen in 2006 about the glass ceiling within the youth ministry world. The majority of the speaking/writing/training opportunities went to a relatively small group of people.
Sadly, even though I've since joined the ranks as "one of those people" there still isn't a true, mechanical and democratic, way for folks on the front lines of youth ministry to get their ideas heard. There is lots of desire within the youth ministry world to hear from new voices. And there is lots of desire from folks doing ministry on the local level to share their ideas. But the path to connect those two groups has been fuzzy, at best.
That's really the genesis behind Open. How do we connect those two groups in a way that helps the whole community?
That's really been a dream of mine. When I talked about it I got a lot of nodding of the head and people would say, "Yeah, that's really interesting."
It was my dream. And it wasn't catching.
Then last Fall something awesome happened. I started to talk to people about it who did more than nod their head. They'd stop me and go, "Hey, just a second. Let's add ___ into this. This is exactly what we're looking for."
I put together a little white paper and started to shop it around to people who loved that conversation. And it spread.
That idea has started to go from an idea that Adam had to an idea that many people in our tribe have.
So here's how it's rolling out…
Alpha test – Proof of concept
In this phase, I'm very involved. It's my baby and I'm helping at every step of the way to make sure that the first 3 Open events are what I've been dreaming about.
Those first 3 locations are:
- Open Seattle – October 6th, 2012
- Open Boston – February 2nd, 2013
- Open Paris – May 10th, 2013
Beta test – Refine the concept
With the 3 Alpha cities rolling… Later this fall I'll start to get serious about the next 6 cities. My hope is to add 4 new cities in the United States, one Canadian city, and an additional non-North American city.
I'm talking to folks in about 10 U.S. cities for what those 4 additional cities might be. Of course, I'm "open" to consider a bunch more. So if you're in a metro area and are interested… let me know.
The goal for the Beta phase is really to work out the bugs and start to get things into a plan that anyone can follow. My hope is that of those first 9 cities that most of them will keep rolling and birthing new Open's all over.
For instance, let's say that some people from Portland come to Open Seattle and really dig it. So they come back with an eye on… "How do we do this in Portland to benefit our area?"
That's the my dream becomes your dream moment, right? And that's why we're doing the next phase.
Production – Out in the wild
After the alpha and beta test phases are done in 2013, early 2014. My plan is to document all the how-to stuff and release Open to the youth ministry world as a free, open-source regional training event.
So, just to be clear, if you're interested in hosting Open _____ (your city) than you'd need to come to a couple of the Alpha/Beta test cities. Maybe come to one as an attendee or speaker, then come back to one as someone who wants to be a host… because if I know that I'll make sure you see how the whole thing works! Then, as long as you've seen it and get the vibe of it, you can get approved to host one yourself and I'll work with you to develop the partnerships, find the location, and help you promote it.
This is fun
I'm an idea guy. And I'm having fun watching as Open takes on a life of its own. It's morphing, improving, and getting more awesome as it goes from a "me dream" to a "we dream."
What is it going to take to convert your dream to our dream?


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39 year old woman | Princeton, TX, USA | Seeking men 30-50 within 50 miles
You can't be my first, but you can possibly be my last.
I'm a mother, a grandmother and a woman of faith. I am loyal, compassionate, kind, fun loving and have a sense of humor. I love to cook. Enjoy cookouts with my family. I also enjoy new dining experiences. Margaritas on the patio of my favorite mexican restaurant is always a good choice. I enjoy most anything outdoors; camping, hiking and romantic picnics. I am a professional caregiver and a home owner. Success is measured not so much by the position one has reached in life as by the obstacles one has overcome while trying to succeed. If you are unfaithful, unloyal and a player; you need not reply. I'm looking for a Godly man, who is well grounded in his faith and stable in his life. Someone who enjoys laughing and having a good time. I am looking for a man who enjoys the same activities as I do, but also looking for someone who will inspire me to try new things as well.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Religion/Spiritual , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing
Soccer, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs, Horses
Middle of the Road
I love the mountains, the oceans and the beaches. I enjoy country music and going to Billy Bob's. I like to go to happy hour to visit with friends.
Collin County Community College District, Plano, TX
Spending time with my family, country music and dancing. My favorite tv shows are: Duck Dynasty, Dallas Mavericks and American Idol. I love to go to live sporting events. Long walks in the park.
I enjoy watching movies, going to sporting events, candlelight dinners with a glass of wine, a bubble bath while reading a good book and spending time with family.
Fifty Shades of Grey
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'5" (165cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, Stocky
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (3)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Other
|Some college
|No preference


text:
Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 1/27/13
Matt Read notched his first career hat trick -- and thought it came pretty easily. Read helped Philadelphia beat the Florida Panthers 7-1 on Saturday night, the Flyers' second straight win after losing their first three games of the season. Wayne Simmonds, Tye McGinn, Luke Schenn, and Ruslan Fedotenko also scored for the Flyers, and Ilya Bryzgalov had 30 saves. ''It's pretty special getting your first hat trick,'' Read said. ''I'm the beneficiary of playing with two good guys (Claude Giroux and Simmonds on his line). It's pretty easy when you're playing with two good players and you just be at the right spot at the right time and just do the little things right and good things are going to happen.'' Peter Mueller scored for the Panthers and Scott Clemmensen stopped 13 shots in relief of Jose Theodore, who was pulled after allowing three goals on nine shots in the first period. The Panthers have lost four straight after winning their season opener. They have been outscored 18-2 in...
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Fort Larned wins Stephen Foster
Updated: June 15, 2013, 11:37 PM ETAssociated Press
LOUISVILLE, Ky. -- Fort Larned won the $536,300 Grade 1 Stephen Foster Handicap by 61/4 lengths Saturday night at Churchill Downs, giving him a chance to defend his Breeders' Cup Classic title.
The 5-year-old owned by Janis Whitham and trained by Ian Wilkes broke first from the rail and never trailed under jockey Brian Hernandez Jr. Fort Larned ran 1 1/8 miles in 1:47.45, the second-fastest Foster behind Victory Gallop's track-record 1:47.28 in 1999.
The winner paid $8.60, $5.20 and ...
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Twins' Activate Ricky Nolasco
By Sports Talk Florida
News Desk
Follow @ SportsTalkFLA
News Desk
Follow @ SportsTalkFLA
The Minnesota Twins have activated Ricky Nolasco from the 15-day disabled list. Nolasco has been out with a strain on his right elbow. Nolasco struggled this year with a 5.90 ERA over 18 starts. He hasn't lived up to the four-year $49 million contract that he signed this past offseason.
For more information on this story visit: Hardball Talk, Bill Baer
Tags: Minnesota Twins


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Have you ever eaten at a hotel or ultra fancy restaurant where the butter was shaped like seashells, flowers or leaves? Ever wondered how to do it? Well, while I frequently extoll the virtues of cooking with butter (and particularly, making your own), making your own super sophisticated butter pads is unbelievably easy. Using storebought, homemade or compound butter, molded butter is a quick and easy way to make your Thanksgiving table more elegant than ever. This is also a really great project for little helpers!
It's easy - just let your butter come to room temperature and be very, very soft. Smush your butter into the molds using a spatula, making sure to squish out any air pockets or bubbles. Next, freeze the mold for 30 minutes or so until the butter is really firm. Once frozen, invert your butter mold over a plate and run super hot water across the bottom. Flip the plate and mold over and voila! You should have gorgeous little pads of butter!
Check out this super cute silicone pumpkin and maple leaf mini-mold set - perfect for the holidays!
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1956 Ford F-100 short bed pickup, 223 cubic inch six cylinder engine, 3 speed column shift manual transmission, new drive shaft linked to a... More
CALL US FOR A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CAR! WE DO A 150+ POINT CHECK ON EACH VEHICLE AND ARE HAPPY TO SHARE... More
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VERY CLEAN 1966 FORD F100 RANGER PICKUP, THIS IS A NORTH CAROLINA TRUCK, NICE RUNNING 352 V8, MANUAL TRANS, JUST TUNED AND LUBED,, CLEAN... More
1956 Ford F100 Club Cab, 429 cubic inch High performance Ford engine with a 4-barrel Weber carburetor. Block # DIVE-A2B. Electric Choke with mechanical secondary. 1"Carb... More
1972 Ford F100 Custom, Full Body off Resto-Mod, This truck is second to none with a fuel injected 302, coupled to a Tremec TKO... More
Stunning body off restoration of this 1965 Ford F100 rust free western truck done to the highest industry standards. all cosmetics done even radio... More
1971 Ford F100 Ranger XLT for sale. Big block 360. 3-speed cruise-o-matic transmission. Power brakes, power steering. Has AC but doesn't work. 80,000 original... More
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Texas Tech University, often referred to as Texas Tech or TTU, is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas, United States. Established on February 10, 1923, and originally known as Texas Technological College, it is the leading institution of the Texas Tech University System and has the seventh-largest student body in the state of Texas. With 1,839 acres (744 ha), it has the second largest contiguous campus in the United States and is the only school in Texas to house an undergraduate institution, law school, and medical school at the same location. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Texas Tech as having "high research activity". Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, nanophotonics, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university.
Historian explores Wonder Woman's role as feminist icon
Keira Williams's first book investigated the gender politics of a southern woman who drowned her two children then spent nine days telling the story of a black man kidnapping them. For her second book, she ...
Future issues perchlorate poses for colonizing Mars
There's a problem on the surface of Mars, and its name is perchlorate.
Strange behavior of quantum particles may indicate the existence of other parallel universes
It started about five years ago with a practical chemistry question.
Researchers to send worms into space for muscle mass and strength study
It is common knowledge that the longer humans spend in space, the longer it takes them to regain muscle strength upon their return to earth. The biggest question is, why. With the help of Caenorhabditis elegans, ...
Environmental scientists find antibiotics, bacteria, resistance genes in feedlot dust
After testing dust in the air near cattle feedlots in the Southern High Plains, researchers at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health at Texas Tech University found evidence of antibiotics, feedlot-derived ...
Researcher discovers new salmonella serotype
Lubbock is known for many things. Some of them are reasons to celebrate, like being the home of Buddy Holly. Some portray the city in negative ways, like dust storms.
Mapping crocodilian genomes
A Texas Tech University biologist led a team of more than 50 scientists who mapped the genomes of three crocodilians.
Engineers discover new method to determine surface properties at the nanoscale
Engineering researchers at Texas Tech University have developed a method for characterizing the surface properties of materials at different temperatures at the nanoscale.
Pig pheromone proves useful in curtailing bad behavior in dogs
A professor at Texas Tech discovers Androstenone can stop dogs from barking, jumping. In a sense, John McGlone was just like any other pet owner a few years ago. He simply wanted to keep his Cairn Terrier from barking incessantly.
Researchers believe blood-sucking parasitic eyeworm a culprit to 2010 quail decline
In the summer of 2010, the Rolling Plains of West Texas expected a bumper crop of quail. By October, they nearly had vanished.
Wind researchers release findings on failed shelter door hit by Arkansas tornado
When building an above-ground storm shelter, or any shelter for that matter, make sure building materials are rated to withstand high tornadic winds and the onslaught of debris those winds can bring.
Scientist begin painting macro-portrait of future bird / wetland scenarios under climate change
Using a mountain of satellite photographic data and decades of waterfowl counts, a Texas Tech University biologist said she and others have found a correlation with the amount of waterfowl and the amount of wetlands available ...
Paleontologists discover new triassic swamp monster (w/ Video)
(Phys.org) —In the dangerous waters of an ancient oxbow lake created by a flooded and unnamed meandering river, the female phytosaur died and sank to the bottom 205 million years ago. About 40 yards away ...
Unique SOS signal from pulled-apart star points to medium-sized black hole
(Phys.org) —An international team of astronomers, including Texas Tech University's Tom Maccarone, believes they have observed a rare cosmic accident in which a small star is pulled apart by a medium-sized black hole.
Physicists find black holes in globular star clusters, upsetting 40 years of theory
(Phys.org)—A Texas Tech University astrophysicist was part of a team of researchers that discovered the first examples of black holes in globular star clusters in our own galaxy, upsetting 40 years of theories ...


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1. Place a pan on flame, pour oil and saute potato and cauliflower (one at a time) in it. Transfer to a plate and set aside.
2. In the remaining oil saute ginger and chili.
3. Reduce the flame to low and stir in coriander powder, red chili powder, and turmeric powder.
4. Add yogurt, mix and then stir in chopped tomato. Fry well and add sauteed vegetables along with boiled peas. Toss until well incorporated.
5. Season with salt and sprinkle garam masala. Mix, cover and cook for 10-15 minutes or until done.
6. Garnish with coriander and serve hot.


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Anti Denim presents CUSTOM MADE a concept where artists who represents rebellion are invited in to customize their own Black Denims. This is 1349.
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Matthew G. Olin sees a wealth of similarities between designers and superheroes. To that effect, he has created a series of works that crafts the narrative of the designer's origin story—just like the origin story of any superhero from any comic book. Aspire. Perspire. Inspire. This triptych series of prints explains three ways in which designers are like superheroes, saving the world with design.
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Place the numbers 1 to 10 in the circles so that each number is the
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Have a go at this well-known challenge. Can you swap the frogs and toads in as few slides and jumps as possible?
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Place this "worm" on the 100 square and find the total of the four
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Find all the numbers that can be made by adding the dots on two dice.
Investigate the smallest number of moves it takes to turn these
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A merchant brings four bars of gold to a jeweller. How can the
jeweller use the scales just twice to identify the lighter, fake
What do you notice about the date 03.06.09? Or 08.01.09? This
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This 100 square jigsaw is written in code. It starts with 1 and ends with 100. Can you build it up?
If we had 16 light bars which digital numbers could we make? How
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