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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Air Liquide - Biogas & Fuel Cells
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Liquide - Biogas & Fuel Cells Hydrogen Energy Biogas Upgrading Technology 12 June 2012 firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Air Liquide, world leader in gases for industry,...
Case Study: Evaluating Liquid versus Air Cooling in the Maui...
Case Study: Evaluating Liquid versus Air Cooling in the Maui High Performance Computing Center Case Study: Evaluating Liquid versus Air Cooling in the Maui High Performance...
Metal-air low temperature ionic liquid cell
DOE Patents [OSTI]
The present application relates to an electrochemical metal-air cell in which a low temperature ionic liquid is used.
Friesen, Cody A; Buttry, Daniel A
Ethylenediamine at Air/Liquid and Air/Silica Interfaces: Protonation
E-Print Network [OSTI]
surface and EDA protonated products at air/liquid interfaces. The SFG spectra of EDA adsorbedEthylenediamine at Air/Liquid and Air/Silica Interfaces: Protonation Versus Hydrogen BondingKa (HOSit)) is between the two pKa values of EDA (in the range of 7.56-10.71) at the air/silica interface
Liquid over-feeding air conditioning system and method
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant.
Mei, Viung C. (Oak Ridge, TN); Chen, Fang C. (Knoxville, TN)
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant. 1 figure.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C.
Nuclear tanker producing liquid fuels from air and water
Emerging technologies in CO? air capture, high temperature electrolysis, microchannel catalytic conversion, and Generation IV reactor plant systems have the potential to create a shipboard liquid fuel production system ...
Galle-Bishop, John Michael
Liquid phase thermal swing chemical air separation
A temperature swing absorption separation of oxygen from air is performed with an oxygen acceptor of alkali metal nitrate and nitrite. 2 figs.
Erickson, D.C.
A temperature swing absorption separation of oxygen from air is performed with an oxygen acceptor of alkali metal nitrate and nitrite.
Erickson, Donald C. (Annapolis, MD)
Maximal air bubble entrainment at liquid drop impact
At impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface an air bubble can be entrapped. Here we show that two competing effects minimize the (relative) size of this entrained air bubble: For large drop impact velocity and large droplets the inertia of the liquid flattens the entrained bubble, whereas for small impact velocity and small droplets capillary forces minimize the entrained bubble. However, we demonstrate experimentally, theoretically, and numerically that in between there is an optimum, leading to maximal air bubble entrapment. Our results have a strong bearing on various applications in printing technology, microelectronics, immersion lithography, diagnostics, or agriculture.
Bouwhuis, Wilco; Tran, Tuan; Keij, Diederik L; Winkels, Koen G; Peters, Ivo R; van der Meer, Devaraj; Sun, Chao; Snoeijer, Jacco H; Lohse, Detlef
Zero Carryover Liquid-Desiccant Air Conditioner for Solar Applications: Preprint
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
A novel liquid-desiccant air conditioner that dries and cools building supply air will transform the use of direct-contact liquid-desiccant systems in HVAC applications, improving comfort, air quality, and providing energy-efficient humidity control.
Lowenstein, A.; Slayzak, S.; Kozubal, E.
Liquid metal reactor air cooling baffle
A baffle is provided between a relatively hot containment vessel and a relatively cold silo for enhancing air cooling performance. The baffle includes a perforate inner wall positionable outside the containment vessel to define an inner flow riser therebetween, and an imperforate outer wall positionable outside the inner wall to define an outer flow riser therebetween. Apertures in the inner wall allow thermal radiation to pass laterally therethrough to the outer wall, with cooling air flowing upwardly through the inner and outer risers for removing heat. 3 figs.
Hunsbedt, A.
A baffle is provided between a relatively hot containment vessel and a relatively cold silo for enhancing air cooling performance. The baffle includes a perforate inner wall positionable outside the containment vessel to define an inner flow riser therebetween, and an imperforate outer wall positionable outside the inner wall to define an outer flow riser therebetween. Apertures in the inner wall allow thermal radiation to pass laterally therethrough to the outer wall, with cooling air flowing upwardly through the inner and outer risers for removing heat.
Hunsbedt, Anstein (Los Gatos, CA)
The phenomena of vapor space corrosion and liquid/air interface corrosion of carbon steel in simulated liquid waste environments have been investigated. Initial experiments have explored the hypothesis that vapor space corrosion may be accelerated by the formation of a corrosive electrolyte on the tank wall by a process of evaporation of relatively warmer waste and condensation of the vapor on the relatively cooler tank wall. Results from initial testing do not support the hypothesis of electrolyte transport by evaporation and condensation. The analysis of the condensate collected by a steel specimen suspended over a 40 C simulated waste solution showed no measurable concentrations of the constituents of the simulated solution and a decrease in pH from 14 in the simulant to 5.3 in the condensate. Liquid/air interface corrosion was studied as a galvanic corrosion system, where steel at the interface undergoes accelerated corrosion while steel in contact with bulk waste is protected. The zero-resistance-ammeter technique was used to measure the current flow between steel specimens immersed in solutions simulating (1) the high-pH bulk liquid waste and (2) the expected low-pH meniscus liquid at the liquid/air interface. Open-circuit potential measurements of the steel specimens were not significantly different in the two solutions, with the result that (1) no consistent galvanic current flow occurred and (2) both the meniscus specimen and bulk specimen were subject to pitting corrosion.
Zapp, P.; Hoffman, E.
Air Liquide Hydrogen Energy | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
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E-Print Network 3.0 - air-liquid interface cell Sample Search...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
film's air-liquid interface has a significant effect on the lung's mechanical... , is the surface tension and is the mean curvature of the air-liquid interface. For the uni-...
EPA Tribal Training and Outreach Support for the American Indian Air Quality Training Program
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is accepting applications to provide training, and technical and outreach support for the American Indian Air Quality Training Program.
Sudden structural change at ati air/binary liquid interface: Sum frequency study of the air/acetonitrile-water interface
Sudden structural change at ati air/binary liquid interface: Sum frequency study of the air/acetonitrile change in an air/acetonitrile-water interface as the solution composition varies; the abruptness of which and in the polarization of the signal from the acetonitrile molecules in the interface observed using infrared + visible
Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
Femtosecond laser ablation of brass in air and liquid media
Laser ablation of brass in air, water, and ethanol was investigated using a femtosecond laser system operating at a wavelength of 785 nm and a pulse width less than 130 fs. Scanning electron and optical microscopy were used to study the efficiency and quality of laser ablation in the three ablation media at two different ablation modes. With a liquid layer thickness of 3 mm above the target, ablation rate was found to be higher in water and ethanol than in air. Ablation under water and ethanol showed cleaner surfaces and less debris re-deposition compared to ablation in air. In addition to spherical particles that are normally formed from re-solidified molten material, micro-scale particles with varying morphologies were observed scattered in the ablated structures (craters and grooves) when ablation was conducted under water. The presence of such particles indicates the presence of a non-thermal ablation mechanism that becomes more apparent when ablation is conducted under water.
Shaheen, M. E. [Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (Canada) [Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (Canada); Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Tanta University, Tanta (Egypt); Gagnon, J. E.; Fryer, B. J. [Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (Canada) [Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (Canada); Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 (Canada)
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Development of a Compact Liquid Fueled Pulsed Detonation
automotive ignition system. Pre-heated liquid fuel is sprayed into a current of pre-heated air and thoroughly Hz. The PDE set up is water cooled allowing long duration testing. Diagnostics are performed using it necessary to preheat the fuel and/or air and to use nozzles to finely atomize the fuel spray. Liquid fueled
Texas at Arlington, University of
Compressible air cushioning in liquid-solid impacts Peter D. Hicks
Compressible air cushioning in liquid-solid impacts Peter D. Hicks Department of Mechanical of Mathematics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract--Air cushioning the influence of air compressibility. Building on earlier incompress- ible analyses, a local asymptotic model
Purvis, Richard
The design of a microfabricated air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells
In this dissertation, the microfabricated electrode (MFE) concept was applied to the design of an air electrode for liquid electrolyte fuel cells. The catalyst layer of the electrode is envisioned to be fabricated by using ...
Pierre, Fritz, 1977-
A Preliminary Evaluation of Alternative Liquid Desiccants for a Hybrid Desiccant Air Conditioner
and the condenser of a vapor-compression air conditioner. The liquid desiccants studied were lithium chloride, lithium bromide, calcium chloride, and triethylene glycol. Each candidate desiccant was subjected to a screening process which weighed the merits...
Studak, J. W.; Peterson, J. L.
Metal-air cell comprising an electrolyte with a room temperature ionic liquid and hygroscopic additive
An electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte comprising water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid comprising positive ions and negative ions. The electrochemical cell also includes an air electrode configured to absorb and reduce oxygen. A hydrophilic or hygroscopic additive modulates the hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid to maintain a concentration of the water in the electrolyte is between 0.001 mol % and 25 mol %.
Friesen, Cody A.; Krishnan, Ramkumar; Tang, Toni; Wolfe, Derek
Liquid Propane Injection Technology Conductive to Today's North American
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeatMulti-Dimensionalthe10IO1OP001 LetterLight-Duty11.2.13 Liquid FuelsLiquid
Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning: General Guidance and Site Considerations
Dehumidification or latent cooling in buildings is an area of growing interest that has been identified as needing more research and improved technologies for higher performance. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems typically expend excessive energy by using overcool-and-reheat strategies to dehumidify buildings. These systems first overcool ventilation air to remove moisture and then reheat the air to meet comfort requirements. Another common strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove moisture from the air more efficiently; however, these systems increase fan energy consumption because of the high airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors and can add heat of absorption to the ventilation air. Alternatively, liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) technology provides an innovative dehumidification solution that: (1) eliminates the need for overcooling and reheating from traditional cooling systems; and (2) avoids the increased fan energy and air heating from solid desiccant rotor systems.
Kozubal, E.; Herrmann, L.; Deru, M.; Clark, J.
Air and Liquid Advisors ALA | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 SouthWaterBrasil JumpAerowatt EnergiesFacilityInformationWebLiquid
Japanese and American competition in the development of scroll compressors and its impact on the American air conditioning industry
This report examines the technological development of scroll compressors and its impact on the air conditioning equipment industry. Scroll compressors, although considered to be the compressors of the future for energy-efficient residential heat pumps and possibly for many other applications, are difficult to manufacture on a volume-production base. The manufacturing process requires computer-aided, numerically controlled tools for high-precision fabrication of major parts. Japan implemented a global strategy for dominating the technological world market in the 1970s, and scroll compressor technology benefited from the advent of new-generation machine tools. As a result, if American manufacturers of scroll compressors purchase or are essentially forced to purchase numerically controlled tools from Japan in the future, they will then become dependent on their own competitors because the same Japanese conglomerates that make numerically controlled tools also make scroll compressors. This study illustrates the importance of the basic machine tool industry to the health of the US economy. Without a strong machine tool industry, it is difficult for American manufacturers to put innovations, whether patented or not, into production. As we experience transformation in the air conditioning and refrigeration market, it will be critical to establish a consistent national policy to provide healthy competition among producers, to promote innovation within the industry, to enhance assimilation of new technology, and to eliminate practices that are incompatible with these goals. 72 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Ushimaru, Kenji (Energy International, Inc., Bellevue, WA (USA))
Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning: Demonstrated Performance and Cost Implications
Cooling loads must be dramatically reduced when designing net-zero energy buildings or other highly efficient facilities. Advances in this area have focused primarily on reducing a building's sensible cooling loads by improving the envelope, integrating properly sized daylighting systems, adding exterior solar shading devices, and reducing internal heat gains. As sensible loads decrease, however, latent loads remain relatively constant, and thus become a greater fraction of the overall cooling requirement in highly efficient building designs, particularly in humid climates. This shift toward latent cooling is a challenge for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Traditional systems typically dehumidify by first overcooling air below the dew-point temperature and then reheating it to an appropriate supply temperature, which requires an excessive amount of energy. Another dehumidification strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove water from air more efficiently; however, these systems are large and increase fan energy consumption due to the increased airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors. A third dehumidification strategy involves high flow liquid desiccant systems. These systems require a high maintenance separator to protect the air distribution system from corrosive desiccant droplet carryover and so are more commonly used in industrial applications and rarely in commercial buildings. Both solid desiccant systems and most high-flow liquid desiccant systems (if not internally cooled) add sensible energy which must later be removed to the air stream during dehumidification, through the release of sensible heat during the sorption process.
Kozubal, E.; Herrmann, L.; Deru, M.; Clark, J.; Lowenstein, A.
Solar-Powered, Liquid-Desiccant Air Conditioner for Low-Electricity Humidity Control: Report and Summary Report
The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the capabilities of a new high-performance, liquid-desiccant dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to enhance cooling efficiency and comfort in humid climates while substantially reducing electric peak demand at Tyndall Air Force Base (AFB), which is 12 miles east of Panama City, Florida.
Dean, J.; Kozubal, E.; Herrmann, L.; Miller, J.; Lowenstein, A.; Barker, G.; Slayzak, S.
Near-field dispersal modeling for liquid fuel-air explosives
The near-field, explosive dispersal of a liquid into air has been explored using a combination of analytical and numerical models. The near-field flow regime is transient, existing only as long as the explosive forces produced by the detonation of the burster charge dominate or are approximately equal in magnitude to the aerodynamic drag forces on the liquid. The near-field model provides reasonable initial conditions for the far-field model, which is described in a separate report. The near-field model consists of the CTH hydrodynamics code and a film instability model. In particular, the CTH hydrodynamics code is used to provide initial temperature, pressure, and velocity fields, and bulk material distribution for the far-field model. The film instability model is a linear stability model for a radially expanding fluid film, and is used to provide a lower bound on the breakup time and an upper and lower bound on the initial average drop diameter for the liquid following breakup. Predictions of the liquid breakup time and the initial arithmetic average drop diameter from the model compare favorably with the sparse experimental data. 26 refs., 20 figs., 8 tabs.
Gardner, D.R.
Sink Flow Deforms the Interface Between a Viscous Liquid and Air into a Tip Singularity S. Courrech du Pont and J. Eggers
further, the opening angle of the cone vanishes like h2. No evidence for air entrainment was found, exceptSink Flow Deforms the Interface Between a Viscous Liquid and Air into a Tip Singularity S. Courrech between a viscous liquid and air is deformed by a sink flow of constant flow rate to form a sharp tip
Eggers, Jens
Passive air cooling of liquid metal-cooled reactor with double vessel leak accommodation capability
A passive and inherent shutdown heat removal method with a backup air flow path which allows decay heat removal following a postulated double vessel leak event in a liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor is disclosed. The improved reactor design incorporates the following features: (1) isolation capability of the reactor cavity environment in the event that simultaneous leaks develop in both the reactor and containment vessels; (2) a reactor silo liner tank which insulates the concrete silo from the leaked sodium, thereby preserving the silo`s structural integrity; and (3) a second, independent air cooling flow path via tubes submerged in the leaked sodium which will maintain shutdown heat removal after the normal flow path has been isolated. 5 figures.
Hunsbedt, A.; Boardman, C.E.
A passive and inherent shutdown heat removal method with a backup air flow path which allows decay heat removal following a postulated double vessel leak event in a liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor. The improved reactor design incorporates the following features: (1) isolation capability of the reactor cavity environment in the event that simultaneous leaks develop in both the reactor and containment vessels; (2) a reactor silo liner tank which insulates the concrete silo from the leaked sodium, thereby preserving the silo's structural integrity; and (3) a second, independent air cooling flow path via tubes submerged in the leaked sodium which will maintain shutdown heat removal after the normal flow path has been isolated.
Hunsbedt, Anstein (Los Gatos, CA); Boardman, Charles E. (Saratoga, CA)
Liquid-Air Interface Corrosion Testing Simulating The Environment Of Hanford Double Shell Tanks
Coupon tests on A537 carbon steel materials were conducted to evaluate the Liquid-Air Interface (LAI) corrosion susceptibility in a series of solutions designed to simulate conditions in the radioactive waste tanks located at the Hanford Nuclear Facility. The new stress corrosion cracking requirements and the impact of ammonia on LAI corrosion were the primary focus. The minimum R value (i.e., molar ratio of nitrite to nitrate) of 0.15 specified by the new stress corrosion cracking requirements was found to be insufficient to prevent pitting corrosion at the LAI. The pH of the test solutions was 10, which was actually less than the required pH 11 defined by the new requirements. These tests examined the effect of the variation of the pH due to hydroxide depletion at the liquid air interface. The pits from the current testing ranged from 0.001 to 0.008 inch in solutions with nitrate concentrations of 0.4 M and 2.0 M. The pitting and general attack that occurred progressed over the four-months. No significant pitting was observed, however, for a solution with a nitrate concentration of 4.5 M. The pitting depths observed in these partial immersion tests in unevaporated condensates ranged from 0.001 to 0.005 inch after 4 months. The deeper pits were in simulants with low R values. Simulants with R values of approximately 0.6 to 0.8 appeared to significantly reduce the degree of attack. Although, the ammonia did not completely eliminate attack at the LAI, the amount of corrosion in an extremely corrosive solution was significantly reduced. Only light general attack (< 1 mil) occurred on the coupon in the vicinity of the LAI. The concentration of ammonia (i.e., 50 ppm or 500 ppm) did not have a strong effect.
Wiersma, B.; Gray, J. R.; Garcia-Diaz, B. L.; Murphy, T. H.; Hicks, K. R.
Iterative Optimal and Adaptive Control of a Near Isothermal Liquid Piston Air Compressor in a Compressed Air Energy Storage System
in a Compressed Air Energy Storage System Farzad A. Shirazi, Mohsen Saadat, Bo Yan, Perry Y. Li, and Terry W/expanders are crucial for the economical viability of a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system such as the one in the Com- pressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for offshore wind turbine that has recently been
Li, Perry Y.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air liquide adds Sample Search Results
All Sizes (Cylinders to Liquid to Pipelines) Operations... ;4 Merchant Hydrogen Plants Praxair Liquid Hydrogen Plant Praxair Tube Trailer Hydrogen Plant ... Source: DOE Office of...
Maximal Air Bubble Entrainment at Liquid-Drop Impact Wilco Bouwhuis, Roeland C. A. van der Veen, Tuan Tran, Diederik L. Keij, Koen G. Winkels, Ivo R. Peters,
Maximal Air Bubble Entrainment at Liquid-Drop Impact Wilco Bouwhuis, Roeland C. A. van der Veen the (relative) size of this entrained air bubble: for large drop impact velocity and large droplets, the inertia on a solid surface, an air bubble can be entrapped. Here, we show that two competing effects minimize
Snoeijer, Jacco
Responses to Air Quality Alerts: Do Americans Spend Less Time Outdoors?
alternative approaches to reduce the health risks from air pollution. Air pollution levels can vary, 2011 Abstract Air pollution levels can vary dramatically from day to day based on predictable weather considerable improvements in air quality over the past few decades, there is still concern that the health
Levinson, David M.
Overview of Air Liquide refrigeration systems between 1.8 K and 200 K
Cryogenic refrigeration systems are necessary for numerous applications. Gas purification and distillation require temperatures between 15 K and 200 K depending on the application, space simulation chambers down to 15 K, superconductivity between 1.8 K and up to 75 K (magnets, cavities or HTS devices like cables, FCL, SMES, etc), Cold Neutron Sources between 15 and 20 K, etc. Air Liquide Advanced Technologies is designing and manufacturing refrigerators since 60 years to satisfy those needs. The step by step developments achieved have led to machines with higher efficiency and reliability. In 1965, reciprocating compressors and Joule Thomson expansion valves were used. In 1969, centripetal expanders began to be used. In 1980, oil lubricated screw compressors took the place of reciprocating compressors and a standard range of Claude cycle refrigerators was developed: the HELIAL series. 1980 was also the time for cryogenic centrifugal compressor development. In 2011, driven by the need for lower operational cost (high efficiency and low maintenance), cycle oil free centrifugal compressors on magnetic bearings were introduced instead of screw compressors. The power extracted by centripetal expanders was recovered. Based on this technology, a range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators has been designed for temperatures between 40 K and 150 K. On-going development will enable widening the range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators to cryogenic temperatures down to 15 K.. Cryogenic centrifugal circulators have been developed in order to answer to an increasing demand of 4 K refrigerators able to distribute cold power.
Gondrand, C.; Durand, F.; Delcayre, F.; Crispel, S. [AL-AT, 2 rue de Cl�menci�res, 38360 Sassenage (France); Baguer, G. M. Gistau [CRYOGUY, 44, chemin de la Buisse, 38330 Biviers (France)
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Towards an Efficient, High-Fidelity Methodology for Liquid
of the computational domain with minimal loss of accuracy. Two validation studies of liquid jet atomization = drop drag coefficient F = volume of fluid function dd = drop diameter d0 = jet orifice diameter lj at the orifice dV = volume of a liquid drop LV = volume of a liquid structure criV = critical drop volume
Sussman, Mark
Savannah River Site, Liquid Waste Program, Savannah River Remediation American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Benefits and Lessons Learned - 12559
Utilizing funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the Liquid Waste Program at Savannah River site successfully executed forty-one design, procurement, construction, and operating activities in the period from September 2009 through December 2011. Project Management of the program included noteworthy practices involving safety, integrated project teams, communication, and cost, schedule and risk management. Significant upgrades to plant capacity, progress toward waste tank closure and procurement of needed infrastructure were accomplished. Over 1.5 million hours were worked without a single lost work day case. Lessons Learned were continually identified and applied to enhance the program. Investment of Recovery Act monies into the Liquid Waste Program has ensured continued success in the disposition of radioactive wastes and the closure of high level waste tanks at SRS. The funding of a portion of the Liquid Waste Program at SRS by ARRA was a major success. Significant upgrades to plant capacity, progress toward waste tank closure and procurement of needed infrastructure was accomplished. Integrated Project Teams ensured quality products and services were provided to the Operations customers. Over 1.5 million hours were worked without a single lost work day case. Lessons Learned were continually reviewed and reapplied to enhance the program. Investment of Recovery Act monies into the Liquid Waste Program has ensured continued success in the disposition of radioactive wastes and the closure of high level waste tanks at SRS. (authors)
Schmitz, Mark A.; Crouse, Thomas N. [Savannah River Remediation, Aiken, South Carolina 29808 (United States)
and expansion has many applications in pneumatic and hydraulic systems, including in the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for offshore wind turbine that has recently been proposed in [1,2]. Since the air
compressor is the critical part of a Compressed Air En- ergy Storage (CAES) system. Efficient and fast and expansion has many applications in pneumatic and hydraulic systems, including in the Compressed Air Energy CAES system, high pressure (20-30MPa) compressed air is stored in a dual chamber storage vessel
Free radially expanding liquid sheet in air: time- and space-resolved measurement of the thickness field
The collision of a liquid drop against a small target results in the formation of a thin liquid sheet that extends radially until it reaches a maximum diameter. The subsequent retraction is due to the air-liquid surface tension. We have used a time- and space-resolved technique to measure the thickness field of this class of liquid sheet, based on the grey level measurement of the image of a dyed liquid sheet recorded using a fast camera. This method enables a precise measurement of the thickness in the range $(10-450) \\, \\mathrm{\\mu m}$, with a temporal resolution equal to that of the camera. We have measured the evolution with time since impact, $t$, and radial position, $r$, of the thickness, $h(r,t)$, for various drop volumes and impact velocities. Two asymptotic regimes for the expansion of the sheet are evidenced. The scalings of the thickness with $t$ and $r$ measured in the two regimes are those that were predicted in \\citet{Rozhkov2004} fort the short-time regime and \\citet{Villermaux2011} for the long time regime, but never experimentally measured before. Interestingly, our experimental data also evidence the existence of a maximum of the film thickness $h_{\\rm{max}}(r)$ at a radial position $r_{\\rm{h_{max}}}(t)$ corresponding to the crossover of these two asymptotic regimes. The maximum moves with a constant velocity of the order of the drop impact velocity, as expected theoretically. Thanks to our visualization technique, we also evidence an azimuthal thickness modulation of the liquid sheets.
Clara Vernay; Laurence Ramos; Christian Ligoure
Experimental Investigation on the Operation Performance of a Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning System
A large share of energy consumption is taken by an air-conditioning system. It worsens the electricity load of the power network. Therefore, more and more scholars are paying attention to research on new types of air-conditioning systems...
Liu, J.; Wang, J.; Wu, Z.; Gu, W.; Zhang, G.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-liquid interface biofilms Sample Search...
, B. Purvedorj y , P. Stoodley yz Summary: and the velocity of the ripples at the biofilmbulk liquid interface. wg 5:09 Nm 2 . 21 12; Strain Source... A Viscoelastic Fluid...
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Investigation of Transpiration Cooling Effectiveness for Air-
= Coolant Fluid P = Pressure w = Wall T = Temperature m = Matrix TPS = Thermal Protection System i = Initial The thermal management of air-breathing vehicles presents formidable challenges. The high dynamic pressure and the need for a reusable Thermal Protection System (TPS) are stringent requirements. The work presented
Air-Quality Data from NARSTO (North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone)
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
NARSTO is a public/private partnership dedicated to improving management of air quality in North America. It was established on February 13, 1995 when representatives of Canada, the United States, and Mexico signed the NARSTO Charter in a ceremony at the White House. The Department of Energy is one of the charter members providing funding. The central programmatic goal of NARSTO is to provide data and information for use in the determination of workable, efficient, and effective strategies for local and regional ozone and fine particle management. Since its founding, NARSTO has completed three major scientific Assessments of critical air quality management issues. NARSTO maintains the Quality Systems Science Center and the NARSTO Data Archive for storing data from NARSTO Affiliated Research Activities and making these data available to the scientific community. NARSTO also facilitates activities, such as the Reactivity Research Working Group, which provide critical reviews of the state of the science in areas of interest to air quality policy makers. In January 1997, the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Sciences Division announced their sponsorship of the NARSTO Quality Systems Science Center (QSSC). The QSSC is located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory within the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Quality Assurance and Data Management assistance and guidelines are provided by the QSCC, along with access to data files. The permanent data archive is maintained by the NASA EOSDIS Distributed Active Archive Center at the Langley Research Center. The archived data can be reached by a link from the QSSC.(Specialized Interface) See also the NARSTO web site at http://www.narsto.org/
Electrochemical coupon testing were performed on 6 Hanford tank solution simulants and corresponding condensate simulants to evaluate the susceptibility of vapor space and liquid/air interface corrosion. Additionally, partial-immersion coupon testing were performed on the 6 tank solution simulants to compliment the accelerated electrochemical testing. Overall, the testing suggests that the SY-102 high nitrate solution is the most aggressive of the six solution simulants evaluated. Alternatively, the most passive solution, based on both electrochemical testing and coupon testing, was AY-102 solution. The presence of ammonium nitrate in the simulants at the lowest concentration tested (0.001 M) had no significant effect. At higher concentrations (0.5 M), ammonium nitrate appears to deter localized corrosion, suggesting a beneficial effect of the presence of the ammonium ion. The results of this research suggest that there is a threshold concentration of ammonium ions leading to inhibition of corrosion, thereby suggesting the need for further experimentation to identify the threshold.
Hoffman, E.
Ultrafast laser induced periodic sub-wavelength aluminum surface structures and nanoparticles in air and liquids
In this communication, we demonstrate the generation of laser-induced periodic sub-wavelength surface structures (LIPSS) or ripples on a bulk aluminum (Al) and Al nanoparticles (NPs) by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing technique. Laser irradiation was performed on Al surface at normal incidence in air and by immersing in ethanol (C{sub 2}H{sub 5}OH) and water (H{sub 2}O) using linearly polarized Ti:sapphire fs laser pulses of ?110 fs pulse duration and ?800?nm wavelength. Field emission scanning electron microscope is utilized for imaging surface morphology of laser written structures and it reveals that the spatial periodicity as well as the surface morphology of the LIPSS depends on the surrounding dielectric medium and also on the various laser irradiation parameters. The observed LIPSS have been classified as low spatial frequency LIPSS which are perpendicularly oriented to the laser polarization with a periodicity from 460 to 620?nm and high spatial frequency LIPSS which spectacles a periodicity less than 100?nm with the orientation parallel to the polarization of the incident laser beam. Fabricated colloidal solutions, which contain the Al NPs, were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results reveal the formation of internal cavities in Al NPs both in ethanol and water. Formation mechanism of LIPSS and cavities inside the nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
Kuladeep, Rajamudili; Dar, Mudasir H.; Rao, D. Narayana, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 (India); Deepak, K. L. N. [Department of Physics and Center for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa K1N6N5, Ontario (Canada)
EPA Tribal Training and Outreach Support for the American Indian...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Tribal Training and Outreach Support for the American Indian Air Quality Training Program EPA Tribal Training and Outreach Support for the American Indian Air Quality Training...
Metal-Air Electric Vehicle Battery: Sustainable, High-Energy Density, Low-Cost Electrochemical Energy Storage � Metal-Air Ionic Liquid (MAIL) Batteries
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: ASU is developing a new class of metal-air batteries. Metal-air batteries are promising for future generations of EVs because they use oxygen from the air as one of the battery�s main reactants, reducing the weight of the battery and freeing up more space to devote to energy storage than Li-Ion batteries. ASU technology uses Zinc as the active metal in the battery because it is more abundant and affordable than imported lithium. Metal-air batteries have long been considered impractical for EV applications because the water-based electrolytes inside would decompose the battery interior after just a few uses. Overcoming this traditional limitation, ASU�s new battery system could be both cheaper and safer than today�s Li-Ion batteries, store from 4-5 times more energy, and be recharged over 2,500 times.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Federal Energy Management Program Technical Assistance Project 224 Altus Air Force Base Solar Technologies
The principal goal of this project was to evaluate altus Air Force Base for building integrated silicon or thin film module photovoltaic opportunities. This report documents PNNL's efforts and documents study conclusions.
Russo, Bryan J.
Effect of directed port air flow on liquid fuel transport in a port fuel injected spark ignition engine
With highly efficient modem catalysts, startup HC emissions have become a significant portion of the trip total. Liquid fuel is a major source of HC emissions during the cold start and fast idle period. Thus the control ...
Scaringe, Robert J. (Robert Joseph)
Guidance Document Cryogenic Liquids
with air. Liquid carbon monoxide is extremely toxic and extremely flammable. #12;Cryogenic liquids connecting cylinder to lower pressure piping or systems. 6. Use a check valve or trap in the discharge line
Design and Control of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Systems using Methanol Reformers with Air or Liquid Heat Integration
Design and Control of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Systems using Methanol Reformers with Air PEM fuel cell systems fuelled by steam reformed methanol. Various fuel cell system solutions exist, they mainly differ depending on the desired fuel used. High temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells offer
Berning, Torsten
Polish - American Heritage, Italian - American Heritage, German...
Polish - American Heritage, Italian - American Heritage, German - American Heritage Months Polish - American Heritage, Italian - American Heritage, German - American Heritage...
african american family: Topics by E-print Network
Williams II, Ronald Cartell 2011-01-01 17 of October 2002 African Americans Renewable Energy Websites Summary: Injustice Air Injustice of October 2002 African Americans & Power...
african american adults: Topics by E-print Network
Williams II, Ronald Cartell 2011-01-01 10 of October 2002 African Americans Renewable Energy Websites Summary: Injustice Air Injustice of October 2002 African Americans & Power...
african american families: Topics by E-print Network
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy studies of solid-vacuum, solid-air and solid-liquid interfaces
Electron based surface probing techniques can provide detailed information about surface structure or chemical composition in vacuum environments. The development of new surface techniques has made possible in situ molecular level studies of solid-gas interfaces and more recently, solid-liquid interfaces. The aim of this dissertation is two-fold. First, by using novel sample preparation, Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and other traditional ultra high vacuum (UHV) techniques are shown to provide new information on the insulator/vacuum interface. The surface structure of the classic insulator NaCl has been determined using these methods. Second, using sum frequency generation (SFG) surface specific vibrational spectroscopy studies were performed on both the biopolymer/air and electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The surface structure and composition of polyetherurethane-silicone copolymers were determined in air using SFG, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SFG studies of the electrode (platinum, gold and copper)/electrolyte interface were performed as a function of applied potential in an electrochemical cell.
Hoffer, Saskia
Primary zone air proportioner
An air proportioner is provided for a liquid hydrocarbon fueled gas turbine of the type which is convertible to oil gas fuel and to coal gas fuel. The turbine includes a shell for enclosing the turbine, an air duct for venting air in said shell to a gasifier, and a fuel injector for injecting gasified fuel into the turbine. The air proportioner comprises a second air duct for venting air from the air duct for mixing with fuel from the gasifier. The air can be directly injected into the gas combustion basket along with the fuel from the injector or premixed with fuel from the gasifier prior to injection by the fuel injector.
Cleary, Edward N. G. (San Diego, CA)
Assessment and Improvements of the CBE Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Cooling Load Design Tool
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) design guide. AmericanUnderfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Cooling Load Design Toolload design tool for underfloor air distribution (UFAD)
Chen, Bin
Seminar 14 - Desiccant Enhanced Air Conditioning: Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning (Presentation)
This presentation explains how liquid desiccant based coupled with an indirect evaporative cooler can efficiently produce cool, dry air, and how a liquid desiccant membrane air conditioner can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification without the carryover problems of previous generations of liquid desiccant systems. It provides an overview to a liquid desiccant DX air conditioner that can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification to high latent loads without the need for reheat, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems can outperform vapor compression based air conditioning systems in hot and humid climates, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems work, and describes a refrigerant free liquid desiccant based cooling system.
Kozubal, E.
Padding with Compressed Air
We commonly find plants using padding to transport liquids or light solids short distances from tankers into storage tanks. Padding can wreck havoc in compressed air systems with limited storage, undersized cleanup equipment (dryers and filters...
Beals, C.
Technical Assessment of Organic Liquid Carrier Hydrogen Storage...
and long cycle life, and that remain liquid over the working temperature range. Air Products and Chemicals Inc (APCI) investigated many candidates for potential liquid...
Air Entrainment by Viscous Contact Lines
The entrainment of air by advancing contact lines is studied by plunging a solid plate into a very viscous liquid. Above a threshold velocity, we observe the formation of an extended air film, typically 10 microns thick, which subsequently decays into air bubbles. Exploring a large range of viscous liquids, we find an unexpectedly weak dependence of entrainment speed on liquid viscosity, pointing towards a crucial role of the flow inside the air film. This induces a striking asymmetry between wetting and dewetting: while the breakup of the air film strongly resembles the dewetting of a liquid film, the wetting speeds are larger by orders of magnitude.
Marchand, Antonin; Snoeijer, Jacco H; Andreotti, Bruno
Air conditioning system
An air conditioner comprises a plurality of plates arranged in a successively stacked configuration with portions thereof having a spaced apart arrangement, and defining between successive adjacent pairs of plates at the spaced apart portions a first and second series of discrete alternating passages wherein a first air stream is passed through the first series of passages and a second air stream is passed through the second series of passages; and said stacked configuration of plates forming integrally therewith a liquid delivery means for delivering from a source a sufficient quantity of a liquid to the inside surfaces of the first series of fluid passages in a manner which provides a continuous flow of the liquid from a first end to a second end of the plurality of plates while in contact with the first air stream.
Lowenstein, Andrew; Miller, Jeffrey; Gruendeman, Peter; DaSilva, Michael
Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes
Liquid-liquid extraction is the separation of one or more components of a liquid solution by contact with a second immiscible liquid called the solvent. If the components in the original liquid solution distribute themselves differently between...
Fair, J. R.; Humphrey, J. L.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Infotech@Aerospace Conference, Paper No. 2005-7077 A Small Semi-Autonomous Rotary-Wing Unmanned Air
-7077 1 A Small Semi-Autonomous Rotary-Wing Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Scott D. Hanford* , Lyle N. Long System (GPS) will not work indoors, so other sensors will have to be used for indoor flight. The software. * NSF Fellow, Aerospace Engineering, Member AIAA, email@example.com. Professor, Aerospace Engineering
american short form: Topics by E-print Network
government reform problems. Who We Are 1 12;At first glance, air pollution generally and power plant Kammen, Daniel M. 450 425 The American Cockroach Regeneration Environmental...
Air Quality
Why Air Quality Air Quality To preserve our existing wilderness-area air quality, LANL implements a conscientious program of air monitoring. April 12, 2012 Real-time data...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air void system Sample Search Results
served by varying air flow rates. Using visual observation and Figure 2 Test section for void fraction... - phase combinations of air and three different liquids (Table 7). The...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air group constant Sample Search Results
Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology 39 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: covered by a liquid oxide layer during air...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air service management Sample Search Results
2010 Summary: Management Policy: 2.1 ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Engineers 2... of the supplied air with the air already in the room. 3.0...
Air Entrainment by Viscous Contact Lines Antonin Marchand1
Air Entrainment by Viscous Contact Lines Antonin Marchand1 , Tak Shing Chan2 , Jacco H. Snoeijer2) The entrainment of air by advancing contact lines is studied by plunging a solid plate into a very viscous liquid by orders of magnitude. Objects that impact on a liquid interface can entrain small bubbles of air
E-Print Network 3.0 - aux interfaces liquide Sample Search Results
Vapor-liquid equilibrium of water-acetone-air at ambient temperatures and pressures. An analysis of different VLE-fitting methods
The availability of accurate equilibrium data is of high importance in chemical engineering practice both for design and research purposes. It appeared that for the gas absorption system water-acetone-air in the range of special interest for absorption and desorption operations, neither literature data nor calculations following UNIFAC gave a sufficient accuracy. An experimental program was set up to determine equilibrium data with an accuracy within 2% for low acetone concentrations (up to 7 wt % gas phase) at ambient temperature (16-30/sup 0/C) and atmospheric pressure (740-860 mmHg). From experiments the activity coefficient at infinite dilution of acetone ..gamma.. is found to be 6.79 (0.01) at 20/sup 0/C and 7.28 (0.01) at 25/sup 0/C, while the total error in ..gamma.. is 1.5%. The equilibrium constant can be calculated from ..gamma.. and shows the same error. The experimental data-fitting with procedures of Margules (two parameters) and Van Laar were successful, but NRTL, Wilson, and UNIQUAC failed, probably because of the small concentration range used.
Lichtenbelt, J.H.; Schram, B.J.
A numerical method for the simulation of low Mach number liquid-gas flows.
consisting of the air bubbles and the liquid water are investigated. They are driven by a heat supply
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Ventilation Air Preconditioning Systems
capacity. Optional Morning Warm-up If connected to a liquid condenser bundle, the icemaking chiller can serve as a heat recovery heat pump. The chiller can freeze ice in the early morning to provide heat for morning warm-up, and use the ice... the cooling coil or drain pan re-evaporates and is delivered to occupied space during compressor off-cycles. Although heat recovery between the exhaust air and ventilation air can reduce the impact on the HVAC system, many buildings do not have central...
Khattar, M.; Brandemuehl, M. J.
Floating Loop System For Cooling Integrated Motors And Inverters Using Hot Liquid Refrigerant
A floating loop vehicle component cooling and air-conditioning system having at least one compressor for compressing cool vapor refrigerant into hot vapor refrigerant; at least one condenser for condensing the hot vapor refrigerant into hot liquid refrigerant by exchanging heat with outdoor air; at least one floating loop component cooling device for evaporating the hot liquid refrigerant into hot vapor refrigerant; at least one expansion device for expanding the hot liquid refrigerant into cool liquid refrigerant; at least one air conditioning evaporator for evaporating the cool liquid refrigerant into cool vapor refrigerant by exchanging heat with indoor air; and piping for interconnecting components of the cooling and air conditioning system.
Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN; Ayers, Curtis W [Kingston, TN; Coomer, Chester [Knoxville, TN; Marlino, Laura D [Oak Ridge, TN
MidAmerican Energy (Electric)- Commercial EnergyAdvantage Rebate Program
MidAmerican Energy offers a variety of incentives for their commercial customers to improve the energy efficiency of their facilities. Qualified equipment includes air conditioners, heat pumps,...
Air Liquide Group | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende NewSowitecAWSAgri-Energy LLCAir Energy GmbH Jump
Air-bridge microcavities Pierre R. Villeneuve, Shanhui Fan, and J. D. Joannopoulos
Air-bridge microcavities Pierre R. Villeneuve, Shanhui Fan, and J. D. Joannopoulos Department structures with micron-sized features using semiconductor materials. � 1995 American Institute of Physics
Fan, Shanhui
E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutants gold Sample Search Results
in a reported American case did not occur until 1832, and the first reference to air pollution was in 1849... We have become accustomed to thinking of pollution ......
E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutants characterizing Sample Search...
Summary: in a reported American case did not occur until 1832, and the first reference to air pollution was in 1849... Greenleaf Whittier characterized supporters of slavery as...
Liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor plant system
A liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor having a passive cooling system for removing residual heat resulting for fuel decay during reactor shutdown, or heat produced during a mishap. The reactor system is enhanced with sealing means for excluding external air from contact with the liquid metal coolant leaking from the reactor vessel during an accident. The invention also includes a silo structure which resists attack by leaking liquid metal coolant, and an added unique cooling means.
MidAmerican Energy (Electric)- Residential Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs
MidAmerican Energy offers a variety of incentives for residential customers to improve the energy efficiency of their homes. Eligible customers are eligible for rebates on water heaters, air...
Indirect evaporative cooler using membrane-contained, liquid desiccant for dehumidification
An indirect evaporative cooler for cooling inlet supply air from a first temperature to a second, lower temperature using a stream of liquid coolant and a stream of exhaust or purge air. The cooler includes a first flow channel for inlet supply air and a second flow channel adjacent the first for exhaust air. The first and second flow channels are defined in part by sheets of a membrane permeable to water vapor such that mass is transferred as a vapor through the membrane from the inlet supply air to a contained liquid desiccant for dehumidification and also to the exhaust air as heat is transferred from the inlet supply air to the liquid coolant. A separation wall divides the liquid desiccant and the coolant but allows heat to be transferred from the supply air to the coolant which releases water vapor to the counter or cross flowing exhaust air.
Kozubal, Eric Joseph; Slayzak, Steven Joseph
Using liquid desiccant as a regenerable filter for capturing and deactivating contaminants
A method, and systems for implementing such method, for purifying and conditioning air of weaponized contaminants. The method includes wetting a filter packing media with a salt-based liquid desiccant, such as water with a high concentration of lithium chloride. Air is passed through the wetted filter packing media and the contaminants in are captured with the liquid desiccant while the liquid desiccant dehumidifies the air. The captured contaminants are then deactivated in the liquid desiccant, which may include heating the liquid desiccant. The liquid desiccant is regenerated by applying heat to the liquid desiccant and then removing moisture. The method includes repeating the wetting with the regenerated liquid desiccant which provides a regenerable filtering process that captures and deactivates contaminants on an ongoing basis while also conditioning the air. The method may include filtration effectiveness enhancement by electrostatic or inertial means.
Slayzak, Steven J. (Denver, CO); Anderson, Ren S. (Broomfield, CO); Judkoff, Ronald D. (Golden, CO); Blake, Daniel M. (Golden, CO); Vinzant, Todd B. (Golden, CO); Ryan, Joseph P. (Golden, CO)
Floating loop method for cooling integrated motors and inverters using hot liquid refrigerant
A method for cooling vehicle components using the vehicle air conditioning system comprising the steps of: tapping the hot liquid refrigerant of said air conditioning system, flooding a heat exchanger in the vehicle component with said hot liquid refrigerant, evaporating said hot liquid refrigerant into hot vapor refrigerant using the heat from said vehicle component, and returning said hot vapor refrigerant to the hot vapor refrigerant line in said vehicle air conditioning system.
Hsu, John S.; Ayers, Curtis W.; Coomer, Chester; Marlino, Laura D.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air bottoming cycle Sample Search Results
Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Collection: Chemistry 4 A debubbler for microfluidics utilizing air-liquid interfaces Daming Cheng and Hongrui Jianga Summary: . The...
Air Resources Laboratory Publications FY 2002
." Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 59:2605-2607 (2002). Angell, J.K. Relation of size and displacement. Preprints, 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry: Urban, Regional and Global-Scale Impacts of Air Pollutants, January 1317, Orlando, FL. American Meteorological Society, Boston, 97102 (2002). Baldocchi, D
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUCProductstwrmrAre theAdministratorCFM LEAPAgendaConditioning AirWhy » Air
AIR CONDITIONERS AND HEAT PUMPS K. Dao, M. Wahlig, E. Wali,are liquid paths. DM: multistage pump driver, driven by highvapor. DW: main circulation pump driven by strong absorbent.
Dao, K.
Air Quality: Construction Project Air Permit Requirements
Air Quality: Construction Project Air Permit Requirements Department: Chemical and General Safety Program: Air Quality Owner: Program Manager Authority: ES&H Manual, Chapter 30, Air Quality1 All manager or operator must submit the completed form to the air quality program manager before the project
Wechsler, Risa H.
Hydrophilization of Liquid Surfaces by Plasma Treatment
The impact of the cold radiofrequency air plasma on the surface properties of silicone oils (polydimethylsiloxane) was studied. Silicone oils of various molecular masses were markedly hydrophilized by the cold air plasma treatment. A pronounced decrease of the apparent water contact angles was observed after plasma treatment. A general theoretical approach to the calculation of apparent contact angles is proposed. The treated liquid surfaces demonstrated hydrophobic recovery. The characteristic time of the hydrophobic recovery grew with the molecular mass of the silicone oil.
Victor Multanen; Gilad Chaniel; Roman Grynyov; Ron Yosef Loew; Naor Siany; Edward Bormashenko
a Newtonian liquid surface Matthew Thrasher, Sunghwan Jung,
a lubricating layer air. Figure 2 shows rebound nearly vertical small velocities and becomes more oblique larger into a mineral oil. 1 1 Thrasher, S. Y. Pang, C.P. Chuu, Swinney, bouncing Newtonian liquid rebounding surface
Texas at Austin. University of
Smithsonian American Art Museum 1 Smithsonian American Art Museum
Smithsonian American Art Museum 1 Smithsonian American Art Museum INVENTORY OF AMERICAN PAINTINGS): ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ EXECUTION DATE (if approximate, precede with circa): _____________________________ MEDIA oil pastel for contributing information to the national Inventory of American Paintings. Address completed reports
Mathis, Wayne N.
Elementary excitations of liquid 4 He in aerogel
Elementary excitations of liquid 4 He in aerogel O. Plantevin and B. Fa°k Commissariat a` l-roton excitations of liquid 4 He immersed in aerogel of 95% porosity have been measured using inelastic neutron.25 K. Aerogel grown with deuterated materials not exposed to air was used and measure- ments in bulk
Glyde, Henry R.
Liquid electrode
A dropping electrolyte electrode is described for use in electrochemical analysis of non-polar sample solutions, such as benzene or cyclohexane. The liquid electrode, preferably an aqueous salt solution immiscible in the sample solution, is introduced into the solution in dropwise fashion from a capillary. The electrolyte is introduced at a known rate, thus, the droplets each have the same volume and surface area. The electrode is used in making standard electrochemical measurements in order to determine properties of non-polar sample solutions. 2 figures.
Ekechukwu, A.A.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine American Academy of Sleep Medicine
� American Academy of Sleep Medicine American Academy of Sleep Medicine The following product has been developed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Copyright � 2003 American Academy of Sleep: (708) 492-0943 Visit Us at www.aasmnet.org #12;� American Academy of Sleep Medicine American Academy
Goldman, Steven A.
Prediction of annular liquid-gas flow with entrainment: cocurrent vertical pipe flow with gravity. [PWR; BWR
A simplified semi-empirical model is developed for annular two-phase (gas-liquid) flow with liquid entrainment in a vertical pipe. Gravity effects are included. Model predictions are compared to test data obtained with air-water, air-trichloroethane, and steam-water mixtures. The agreement is generally good between model and test results for pressure drop, liquid film thickness and wavyness, and liquid entrainment.
Levy, S.; Healzer, J.M.
Investigation of sonic/subsonic air-blast atomization using Rayleigh- and Mie-scattering visualization techniques
To examine the jet mixing in air-blast twin fluid atomization, the sonic and supersonic air jet developments have been exclusively visualized using the Rayleigh scattering principle and the development of liquid spray has been separately visualized...
Kim, Tae-Kyun
High throughput liquid absorption preconcentrator sampling instrument
A system for detecting trace concentrations of an analyte in air includes a preconcentrator for the analyte and an analyte detector. The preconcentrator includes an elongated tubular container comprising a wettable material. The wettable material is continuously wetted with an analyte-sorbing liquid which flows from one part of the container to a lower end. Sampled air flows through the container in contact with the wetted material with a swirling motion which results in efficient transfer of analyte vapors or aerosol particles to the sorbing liquid and preconcentration of traces of analyte in the liquid. The preconcentrated traces of analyte may be either detected within the container or removed therefrom for injection into a separate detection means or for subsequent analysis. 12 figs.
Zaromb, S.; Bozen, R.M.
Liquid foams of graphene
Liquid foams are dispersions of bubbles in a liquid. Bubbles are stabilized by foaming agents that position at the interface between the gas and the liquid. Most foaming agents, such as the commonly used sodium dodecylsulfate, ...
Alcazar Jorba, Daniel
Metal-Air Batteries
Metal-air batteries have much higher specific energies than most currently available primary and rechargeable batteries. Recent advances in electrode materials and electrolytes, as well as new designs on metal-air batteries, have attracted intensive effort in recent years, especially in the development of lithium-air batteries. The general principle in metal-air batteries will be reviewed in this chapter. The materials, preparation methods, and performances of metal-air batteries will be discussed. Two main metal-air batteries, Zn-air and Li-air batteries will be discussed in detail. Other type of metal-air batteries will also be described.
Zhang, Jiguang; Bruce, Peter G.; Zhang, Gregory
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Interconnections...
North American Electric Reliability Corporation Interconnections North American Electric Reliability Corporation Interconnections Map of the North American Electric Reliability...
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Ultra Low Emissions Combustor
1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics T Ultra Low Emissions Combustor with Non Point Reverse Flow (SPRF) combustor concept that can burn gaseous or liquid fuels in premixed or non-premixed modes of combustion with ultra low NOx emissions. The combustor consists of a tube with open and closed
Seitzman, Jerry M.
Air temperature thresholds for indoor comfort and perceived air quality
in the Netherlands, Indoor Air 2, 127 � 136. BuildingPaliaga, G. (2009) Moving air for comfort. ASHRAE Journal,ventilation system on perceived air quality, Indoor Air
Zhang, Hui; Edward, Arens; Pasut, Wilmer
Dye-Induced Enhancement of Optical Nonlinearity in Liquids and Liquid Crystals
Optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals (LC) in the isotropic phase can be enhanced by 1 order of magnitude by dissolving 0.1{percent} of anthraquinone dye in the LC. The enhancement decreases by {approximately}30{percent} when the LC transforms into the nematic phase. The same guest-host effect also exists in non-LC liquids. It can be explained by a model based on the change of guest-host interaction induced by optical excitations of the dye. {copyright} {ital 1996} {ital The American Physical Society}
Muenster, R.; Jarasch, M.; Zhuang, X.; Shen, Y. [Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300 (United States)] [Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300 (United States)
Moving air for comfort
Brager, L. Zagreus. 2007, �Air movement preferences observed709-731. 9. Toftum, J. 2004. �Air movement � good or bad? �Indoor Air 14, pp 40-45. 10. Gong, N. , K. Tham, A. Melikov,
Arens, Edward; Turner, Stephen; Zhang, Hui; Paliaga, Gwelen
Feasibility of air capture
Capturing CO2 from air, referred to as Air Capture, is being proposed as a viable climate change mitigation technology. The two major benefits of air capture, reported in literature, are that it allows us to reduce the ...
Ranjan, Manya
Safetygram #9- Liquid Hydrogen
Hydrogen is colorless as a liquid. Its vapors are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and highly flammable.
Efficiency of compressed-air systems. Final report
The program undertaken by this contract is intended to quantify the current state of knowledge in American industry concerning the energy efficient design and operation of industrial compressed air systems and system components. Since there is no standard reference for designers and operators of compressed air systems which provides guidelines for maximizing the energy efficiency of these systems, a major product of this contract was the preparation of a guidebook for this purpose.
Not Available
Liquid-absorption preconcentrator sampling instrument
A system for detecting trace concentrations of an analyte in air and includes a preconcentrator for the analyte and an analyte detector. The preconcentrator includes an elongated tubular container in which is disposed a wettable material extending substantially the entire length of the container. One end of the wettable material is continuously wetted with an analyte-sorbing liquid, which flows to the other end of the container. Sample air is flowed through the container in contact with the wetted material for trapping and preconcentrating the traces of analyte in the sorbing liquid, which is then collected at the other end of the container and discharged to the detector. The wetted material may be a wick comprising a bundle of fibers, one end of which is immersed in a reservoir of the analyte-sorbing liquid, or may be a liner disposed on the inner surface of the container, with the sorbing liquid being centrifugally dispersed onto the liner at one end thereof. The container is preferably vertically oriented so that gravity effects the liquid flow.
Zaromb, Solomon (Hinsdale, IL)
Equivalence in Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
We ventilate buildings to provide acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ). Ventilation standards (such as American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Enginners [ASHRAE] Standard 62) specify minimum ventilation rates without taking into account the impact of those rates on IAQ. Innovative ventilation management is often a desirable element of reducing energy consumption or improving IAQ or comfort. Variable ventilation is one innovative strategy. To use variable ventilation in a way that meets standards, it is necessary to have a method for determining equivalence in terms of either ventilation or indoor air quality. This study develops methods to calculate either equivalent ventilation or equivalent IAQ. We demonstrate that equivalent ventilation can be used as the basis for dynamic ventilation control, reducing peak load and infiltration of outdoor contaminants. We also show that equivalent IAQ could allow some contaminants to exceed current standards if other contaminants are more stringently controlled.
Sherman, Max; Walker, Iain; Logue, Jennifer
AiR surface: AiR surface 1
AiR surface: 1 PDA AiR surface 1 1: AiR surface () () 2 [1] [2] 3 AiR surface AiR surface surface surface surface 3.1 surface [3]( 3 ) surface 3.2 surface surface AiR surface 4 AiR surface surface AiR surface: Virtual Touch Panel
Tanaka, Jiro
Engaging Reluctant Americans into Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
Gain a sustainable advantage CATEE December 18, 2012 But I don�t want to! Engaging reluctant Americans (almost all of them) into energy efficiency and sustainability ESL-KT-13-12-58 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency Conference, San... Antonio, Texas Dec. 16-18 Gain a sustainable advantage ESL-KT-13-12-58 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency Conference, San Antonio, Texas Dec. 16-18 Gain a sustainable advantage ESL-KT-13-12-58 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency...
Shelton, S.
Air Pollution Spring 2010
ATS 555 Air Pollution Spring 2010 T Th 11:00 12:15, NESB 101 Instructor: Prof. Sonia Kreidenweis an understanding of types and sources of air pollution. 2. Examine concentrations of air pollutants and their effects on health and welfare. Review regulations governing air pollution. 3. Examine the meteorological
Precedents in African American architecture
As a sub-sets of American culture, African Americans have not been able to offer culturally specific architectural elements to the design process because the history of African American form and space has not been recognized ...
Sass, Lawrence
Liquid level detector
A liquid level detector for low pressure boilers. A boiler tank, from which apor, such as steam, normally exits via a main vent, is provided with a vertical side tube connected to the tank at the desired low liquid level. When the liquid level falls to the level of the side tube vapor escapes therethrough causing heating of a temperature sensitive device located in the side tube, which, for example, may activate a liquid supply means for adding liquid to the boiler tank. High liquid level in the boiler tank blocks entry of vapor into the side tube, allowing the temperature sensitive device to cool, for example, to ambient temperature.
Grasso, Albert P. (Vernon, CT)
A liquid level detector for low pressure boilers. A boiler tank, from which vapor, such as steam, normally exits via a main vent, is provided with a vertical side tube connected to the tank at the desired low liquid level. When the liquid level falls to the level of the side tube vapor escapes therethrough causing heating of a temperature sensitive device located in the side tube, which, for example, may activate a liquid supply means for adding liquid to the boiler tank. High liquid level in the boiler tank blocks entry of vapor into the side tube, allowing the temperature sensitive device to cool, for example, to ambient temperature.
Grasso, A.P.
Single-Duct Constant Air Volume System Supply Air Temperature Reset: Using Return Air Temperature or Outside Air Temperature?
The supply air temperature set point for a singleduct constant air volume air handling unit (AHU) system is often reset based on either return air temperature or outside air temperature in order to reduce simultaneous cooling and heating energy...
Wei, G.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D.; Liu, M.
Study of liquid retention in fixed-bed reactors with upward flow of gas and liquid
A literature survey of the measurement techniques for the determination of liquid retention in cocurrent upward gas and liquid flow in fixed-bed reactors is presented. A number of these techniques were used in this work in columns of different diameters (Dc = 0.05 m, 0.10 m, and 0.15 m). Porous alumina particles of two different diameters (dp = 0.002 m and 0.0028 m) with both nonfoaming (water, cyclohexane, heptane, and propanol) and foaming liquids (kerosene, LCO, and diesel fuel) have been investigated. The gas used was either air or N[sub 2]. The methods investigated include volumetry, gravimetry, gammametry, and determination of residence-time distribution by tracer technique. A simple correlation for the prediction of total gas and liquid retention for bubble and pulsed flow is proposed and verified.
Yang, X.L.; Euzen, J.P. (Inst. Francais du Petrole, Vernaison (France)); Wild, G. (Lab. des Sciences du Genie Chimique, Nancy (France))
Liquid Hydrogen Absorber for MICE
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Ishimoto, S.
Air entrainment by a plunging jet under intermittent vortex conditions
This fluid dynamic video entry to the 2011 APS-DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion details the transient evolution of the free surface surrounding the impact region of a low-viscosity laminar liquid jet as it enters a quiescent pool. The close-up images depict the destabilization and breakup of the annular air gap and the subsequent entrainment of bubbles into the bulk liquid.
Kim, Kevin Jin; Li, Kevin; Kiger, Ken T
American Journal of EPIDEMIOLOGY
air pollution remain a regulatory and public health concern. This contin- ued concern is motivated mortality and particulate air pollution, even at concentrations below regulatory limits. These findings have for assessing the effect of particulate air pollution on daily mortality even at current levels. Am J Epidemiol
Dominici, Francesca
Equation for liquid density
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Yaws, C.L.; Yang, H.C.; Hopper, J.R.; Cawley, W.A. (Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX (US))
Smithsonian American Art Museum INVENTORIES OF AMERICAN PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
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Herein is a circuit which is capable of detecting the presence of liquids, especially cryogenic liquids, and whose sensor will not overheat in a vacuum. The circuit parameters, however, can be adjusted to work with any liquid over a wide range of temperatures.
Regan, Thomas O. (North Aurora, IL)
Air-sea interaction at contrasting sites in the Eastern Tropical Pacific : mesoscale variability and atmospheric convection at 10�N
The role of ocean dynamics in driving air-sea interaction is examined at two contrasting sites on 125�W in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean using data from the Pan American Climate Study (PACS) field program. Analysis ...
Farrar, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1976-
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-surface exchanges related Sample Search...
side by a liquid-air surface which... + a2 h0k3 5 is restoring forces due to gravity and surface tension acting ... Source: Goldstein, Raymond E. - Department of Applied...
Lifecycle impacts of natural gas to hydrogen pathways on urban air quality
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Wang, Guihua; Ogden, Joan M; Nicholas, Michael A
Fault detection methods for vapor-compression air conditioners using electrical measurements
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Laughman, Christopher Reed.
Abstract--A novel compressed air energy storage system for wind turbine is proposed. It captures excess power prior to
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Air Entrainment by Contact Lines of a Solid Plate Plunged into a Viscous Fluid Antonin Marchand,1
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Xu, TengFang
Modeling air entrainment in plunging jet using 3DYNAFS
As the liquid jet plunges into a free surface, significant air is entrained into the water and forms air pockets. These air pockets eventually break up into small bubbles, which travel downstream to form a bubbly wake. To better understand the underlying flow physics involved in the bubble entrainment, in the linked videos, air entrainment due to a water jet plunging onto a pool of stationary water was numerically studied by using the 3DYNAFS software suit. The flow field is simulated by directly solving the Navier-Stokes equations through the viscous module, 3DYNAFS-VIS, using a level set method for capturing the free surface. The breakup of entrained air pockets and the resulting bubbly flow were modeled by coupling 3DYNAFS-VIS with a Lagrangian multi-bubble tracking model, 3DYNAFS-DSM (Hsiao & Chahine, 2003), which emits bubbles into the liquid according to local liquid/gas interface flow conditions based on the sub-grid air entrainment modeling proposed by Ma et al. (2011), and tracks all bubbles in t...
Hsiao, Chao-Tsung; Wu, Xiongjun; Chahine, Georges L
Aesculap, Inc. Air Products
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Napier, Terrence
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Healthy Air Act (Maryland)
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Liquid Wall Chambers
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Meier, W R
Liquid Metal Transformers
The room temperature liquid metal is quickly emerging as an important functional material in a variety of areas like chip cooling, 3D printing or printed electronics etc. With diverse capabilities in electrical, thermal and flowing behaviors, such fluid owns many intriguing properties that had never been anticipated before. Here, we show a group of unconventional phenomena occurring on the liquid metal objects. Through applying electrical field on the liquid metals immersed in water, a series of complex transformation behaviors such as self-assembling of a sheet of liquid metal film into a single sphere, quick mergences of separate metal droplets, controlled self-rotation and planar locomotion of liquid metal objects can be realized. Meanwhile, it was also found that two accompanying water vortexes were induced and reliably swirled near the rotating liquid metal sphere. Further, effects of the shape, size, voltage, orientation and geometries of the electrodes to control the liquid metal transformers were clar...
Sheng, Lei; Liu, Jing
on man, nature & air pollution
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Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J
Air Products effective way
PE O A e s a b O T A O ENNST Overview Air Products effective way standard me Departm Shipping has recently y of shipping eans. Air Pro ontainer that es of this pro onduct mark eep accelera eep the cost tilize widely a earch and m m visited Air er needs wer model was cr m approache ms
Demirel, Melik C.
Air Quality Chapter Outline
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with stress- related illness rather than the anwr that spells RELIEF. Air flow in, through ad arourd a house is an important concern in the building we call haw. !lb enhance air flow and change the various corditions or properties of the air, a variety...
Tooley, J. J.; Moyer, N. A.
The great American garage
How does one explore the suburban home? Go in through the garage, of course. Sales, bands, suicides, and business startups: The suburban garage is the most culturally flexible space in the entire American domestic environment. ...
Miller, B. Alex (Brian Alex), 1977-
Asian American women entrepreneurs
There are an estimated 620,300 firms owned by Asian American women nationwide, and they contribute $105 billion to the U.S. economy. They are also active in Greater Boston's innovation and entrepreneurship communities. ...
Suh, Clara J
American Samoa- Net Metering
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Air Handling Unit Supply Air Temperature Optimization During Economizer Cycles
temperature at supply air temperature setpoint. Mechanical cooling is always required when outside air temperature is higher than the supply air temperature setpoint. Generally the supply air temperature setpoint is set at 55�F for space humidity control...
Xu, K.; Liu, M.; Wang, G.; Wang, Z.
ADP-Automatic Data Processing Inc Air Liquide USA LLC
Trust Foundation Texas Gas Transmission Corporation The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America The Henry Luce Foundation The Principal Financial Group Foundation Time Warner Foundation Towers Perrin UBS Employee Giving
Dasgupta, Dipankar
RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC36- 00CH11030; ENTITLED "TUNABLE DIODE LASER SENSORS FOR HARSH COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENTS"; W(A)-04-025; CH-1194 As set out in the...
Air Liquide - Biogas & Fuel Cells | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up fromDepartment ofEnergy Natural Gas: Transmission,
Air to Air Communication Protocol Arjan Durresi1
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Jain, Raj
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution
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Mulholland, James A.
Environmental information volume: Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH{trademark}) project
The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the commercial viability of the Liquid Phase Methanol Process using coal-derived synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This report describes the proposed actions, alternative to the proposed action, the existing environment at the coal gasification plant at Kingsport, Tennessee, environmental impacts, regulatory requirements, offsite fuel testing, and DME addition to methanol production. Appendices include the air permit application, solid waste permits, water permit, existing air permits, agency correspondence, and Eastman and Air Products literature.
Thermal-wave resonator cavity design and measurements of the thermal diffusivity of liquids
Thermal-wave resonator cavity design and measurements of the thermal diffusivity of liquids J. A for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of liquids. The thermal diffusivities of distilled water, glycerol the thermal diffusivity of gases, particularly air,8,9 and vapors10 to a high degree of precision. Although
Mandelis, Andreas
CIBLE DE TRITIUM LIQUIDE M. CHEMARIN, L. FEUVRAIS, M. GOUANRE, M. C. LEMAIRE et G. NICOLA,
236. CIBLE DE TRITIUM LIQUIDE M. CHEMARIN, L. FEUVRAIS, M. GOUAN�?RE, M. C. LEMAIRE et G. NICOLAÏ, Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Lyon. Résumé. - On présente une cible de tritium ou deutérium liquide de petite dimension : 0,4 cm3 de tritium liquide, soit une perte d'énergie de 1,4 MeV pour des deutons de 27
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Ultrasonic liquid level detector
An ultrasonic liquid level detector for use within a shielded container, the detector being tubular in shape with a chamber at its lower end into which liquid from in the container may enter and exit, the chamber having an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver in its top wall and a reflector plate or target as its bottom wall whereby when liquid fills the chamber a complete medium is then present through which an ultrasonic wave may be transmitted and reflected from the target thus signaling that the liquid is at chamber level.
Kotz, Dennis M. (North Augusta, SC); Hinz, William R. (Augusta, GA)
The room temperature liquid metal is quickly emerging as an important functional material in a variety of areas like chip cooling, 3D printing or printed electronics etc. With diverse capabilities in electrical, thermal and flowing behaviors, such fluid owns many intriguing properties that had never been anticipated before. Here, we show a group of unconventional phenomena occurring on the liquid metal objects. Through applying electrical field on the liquid metals immersed in water, a series of complex transformation behaviors such as self-assembling of a sheet of liquid metal film into a single sphere, quick mergences of separate metal droplets, controlled self-rotation and planar locomotion of liquid metal objects can be realized. Meanwhile, it was also found that two accompanying water vortexes were induced and reliably swirled near the rotating liquid metal sphere. Further, effects of the shape, size, voltage, orientation and geometries of the electrodes to control the liquid metal transformers were clarified. Such events are hard to achieve otherwise on rigid metal or conventional liquid spheres. This finding has both fundamental and practical significances which suggest a generalized way of making smart soft machine, collecting discrete metal fluids, as well as flexibly manipulating liquid metal objects including accompanying devices.
Lei Sheng; Jie Zhang; Jing Liu
Liquid Crystal Optofluidics
By employing anisotropic fluids and namely liquid crystals, fluid flow becomes an additional degree of freedom in designing optofluidic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate optofluidic liquid crystal devices based on the direct flow of nematic liquid crystals in microfluidic channels. Contrary to previous reports, in the present embodiment we employ the effective phase delay acquired by light travelling through flowing liquid crystal, without analysing the polarisation state of the transmitted light. With this method, we demonstrate the variation in the diffraction pattern of an array of microfluidic channels acting as a grating. We also discuss our recent activities in integrating mechanical oscillators for on-chip peristaltic pumping.
Vasdekis, Andreas E.; Cuennet, J. G.; Psaltis, D.
(Ionization in liquids)
This document describes charge transport following ionization of model liquids and how this process may be important in carcinogenesis. 15 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs. (MHB)
Liquid Holdup Profiles in Structured Packing Determined via Neutron Radiography
scans of an operating air-water contactor were performed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR packings are widely employed in vapor-liquid contacting devices for distillation, absorption, and stripping. The high specific surface areas (ap), regular geometries, and high void fraction () of structured packing
Eldridge, R. Bruce
Method and apparatus for extracting water from air using a desiccant
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting liquid water from moist air using minimal energy input. The method can be considered as four phases: (1) adsorbing water from air into a desiccant, (2) isolating the water-laden desiccant from the air source, (3) desorbing water as vapor from the desiccant into a chamber, and (4) isolating the desiccant from the chamber, and compressing the vapor in the chamber to form liquid condensate. The liquid condensate can be removed for use. Careful design of the dead volumes and pressure balances can minimize the energy required. The dried air can be exchanged for fresh moist air and the process repeated. An apparatus comprises a first chamber in fluid communication with a desiccant, and having ports to intake moist air and exhaust dried air. The apparatus also comprises a second chamber in fluid communication with the desiccant. The second chamber allows variable internal pressure, and has a port for removal of liquid condensate. Each chamber can be configured to be isolated or in communication with the desiccant. The first chamber can be configured to be isolated or in communication with a course of moist air. Various arrangements of valves, pistons, and chambers are described.
Spletzer, Barry L. (Albuquerque, NM); Callow, Diane Schafer (Albuquerque, NM)
High-throughput liquid-absorption preconcentrator sampling methods
Zaromb, S.
NORTH AMERICAN ELECTRIC RELIABILITY COUNCIL: Preliminary Disturbance...
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Personal continuous air monitor
A personal continuous air monitor capable of giving immediate warning of the presence of radioactivity has a filter/detector head to be worn in the breathing zone of a user, containing a filter mounted adjacent to radiation detectors, and a preamplifier. The filter/detector head is connected to a belt pack to be worn at the waist or on the back of a user. The belt pack contains a signal processor, batteries, a multichannel analyzer, a logic circuit, and an alarm. An air pump also is provided in the belt pack for pulling air through the filter/detector head by way of an air tube.
Morgan, Ronald G. (Los Alamos, NM); Salazar, Samuel A. (Albuquerque, NM)
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The Department of Environmental Quality regulates air quality in Louisiana. The Department has an established a fee system for funding the monitoring, investigation and other activities required...
Absorption of sound in liquids and liquid mixtures
ABSORPTION OF SOUND IN LIQUIDS AND LIQUID MIXTURES A Thesis Raiq S. causa Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committee) January 1955 L1BRARY A 4 M COLLEOE OF IEXAS ADSORPTION OF SOfP@ LIQUIDS AND LIQUID NIXTURES A Thesis... Introduction to the Problem Experimental Methods and Procedures Results Discussion of Results Acknowledgements Bib 1 io graphy 22 4I 42 Introduction to the Problem The study of sound absorption in liquids and liquid mixtures is of considerable...
Musa, Raiq S
Andrew Case "American Environmental History"
Andrew Case History "American Environmental History" Spring 2008 Advisor: William Cronon Classics, Richard. "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West. (Norman
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
Carbon monoxide absorbing liquid
The present disclosure is directed to a carbon monoxide absorbing liquid containing a cuprous ion, hydrochloric acid and titanum trichloride. Titanium trichloride is effective in increasing the carbon monoxide absorption quantity. Furthermore, titanium trichloride remarkably increases the oxygen resistance. Therefore, this absorbing liquid can be used continuously and for a long time.
Arikawa, Y.; Horigome, S.; Kanehori, K.; Katsumoto, M.
INEEL Liquid Effluent Inventory
The INEEL contractors and their associated facilities are required to identify all liquid effluent discharges that may impact the environment at the INEEL. This liquid effluent information is then placed in the Liquid Effluent Inventory (LEI) database, which is maintained by the INEEL prime contractor. The purpose of the LEI is to identify and maintain a current listing of all liquid effluent discharge points and to identify which discharges are subject to federal, state, or local permitting or reporting requirements and DOE order requirements. Initial characterization, which represents most of the INEEL liquid effluents, has been performed, and additional characterization may be required in the future to meet regulations. LEI information is made available to persons responsible for or concerned with INEEL compliance with liquid effluent permitting or reporting requirements, such as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Wastewater Land Application, Storm Water Pollution Prevention, Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures, and Industrial Wastewater Pretreatment. The State of Idaho Environmental Oversight and Monitoring Program also needs the information for tracking liquid effluent discharges at the INEEL. The information provides a baseline from which future liquid discharges can be identified, characterized, and regulated, if appropriate. The review covered new and removed buildings/structures, buildings/structures which most likely had new, relocated, or removed LEI discharge points, and at least 10% of the remaining discharge points.
Major, C.A.
Synthesis of ionic liquids
Ionic compounds which are liquids at room temperature are formed by the method of mixing a neutral organic liqand with the salt of a metal cation and its conjugate anion. The liquids are hydrophobic, conductive and stable and have uses as solvents and in electrochemical devices.
Dai, Sheng [Knoxville, TN; Luo, Huimin [Knoxville, TN
Liquid heat capacity lasers
The heat capacity laser concept is extended to systems in which the heat capacity lasing media is a liquid. The laser active liquid is circulated from a reservoir (where the bulk of the media and hence waste heat resides) through a channel so configured for both optical pumping of the media for gain and for light amplification from the resulting gain.
Comaskey, Brian J. (Walnut Creek, CA); Scheibner, Karl F. (Tracy, CA); Ault, Earl R. (Livermore, CA)
Latin American and Caribbean Studies
Latin American and Caribbean Studies Certificate About Us UWM graduates in the 21st century American and Caribbean Studies Certificate Program (LACS) will be especially well-prepared for careers academic focus in Latin American and Caribbean languages, histories, and cultures. However, the LACS
Saldin, Dilano
International MODIS and AIRS processing package: AIRS products and applications
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Li, Jun
AIR SEALING Seal air leaks and save energy!
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Liquid contact resonance atomic force microscopy via experimental reconstruction of the hydrodynamic function
We present a method to correct for surface-coupled inertial and viscous fluid loading forces in contact resonance (CR) atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments performed in liquid. Based on analytical hydrodynamic theory, the method relies on experimental measurements of the AFM cantilever's free resonance peaks near the sample surface. The free resonance frequencies and quality factors in both air and liquid allow reconstruction of a continuous hydrodynamic function that can be used to adjust the CR data in liquid. Validation experiments utilizing thermally excited free and in-contact spectra were performed to assess the accuracy of our approach. Results show that the method recovers the air frequency values within approximately 6%. Knowledge of fluid loading forces allows current CR analysis techniques formulated for use in air and vacuum environments to be applied to liquid environments. Our technique greatly extends the range of measurement environments available to CR-AFM.
Tung, Ryan C., E-mail: email@example.com; Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305 (United States)
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids
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Sinha, Dipen N. (Los Alamos, NM)
Recirculating electric air filter
An electric air filter cartridge has a cylindrical inner high voltage electrode, a layer of filter material, and an outer ground electrode formed of a plurality of segments moveably connected together. The outer electrode can be easily opened to remove or insert filter material. Air flows through the two electrodes and the filter material and is exhausted from the center of the inner electrode.
Bergman, W.
Portable oven air circulator
A portable air circulating apparatus for use in cooking ovens which is used to create air currents in the oven which transfer heat to cooking foodstuffs to promote more rapid and more uniform cooking or baking, the apparatus including a motor, fan blade and housing of metallic materials selected from a class of heat resistant materials.
Jorgensen, Jorgen A. (Bloomington, MN); Nygren, Donald W. (Minneapolis, MN)
Compressed Air System Optimization
Several years ago I went to a gas station and noticed that my car's tires were low on air. I saw the gas station had an air compressor, but it cost a quarter to use the compressor. I paid my quarter and used the compressor. I realized...
Aegerter, R.
American Disabilities Act
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Liquid sampling system
A conduit extends from a reservoir through a sampling station and back to the reservoir in a closed loop. A jet ejector in the conduit establishes suction for withdrawing liquid from the reservoir. The conduit has a self-healing septum therein upstream of the jet ejector for receiving one end of a double-ended cannula, the other end of which is received in a serum bottle for sample collection. Gas is introduced into the conduit at a gas bleed between the sample collection bottle and the reservoir. The jet ejector evacuates gas from the conduit and the bottle and aspirates a column of liquid from the reservoir at a high rate. When the withdrawn liquid reaches the jet ejector the rate of flow therethrough reduces substantially and the gas bleed increases the pressure in the conduit for driving liquid into the sample bottle, the gas bleed forming a column of gas behind the withdrawn liquid column and interrupting the withdrawal of liquid from the reservoir. In the case of hazardous and toxic liquids, the sample bottle and the jet ejector may be isolated from the reservoir and may be further isolated from a control station containing remote manipulation means for the sample bottle and control valves for the jet ejector and gas bleed. 5 figs.
Larson, L.L.
Liquid metal electric pump
An electrical pump for pumping liquid metals to high pressures in high temperature environments without the use of magnets or moving mechanical parts. The pump employs a non-porous solid electrolyte membrane, typically ceramic, specific to the liquid metal to be pumped. A DC voltage is applied across the thickness of the membrane causing ions to form and enter the membrane on the electrically positive surface, with the ions being neutralized on the opposite surface. This action provides pumping of the liquid metal from one side of the non-porous solid electrolyte membrane to the other.
Abbin, Joseph P. (Albuquerque, NM); Andraka, Charles E. (Albuquerque, NM); Lukens, Laurance L. (Albuquerque, NM); Moreno, James B. (Albuquerque, NM)
An electrical pump for pumping liquid metals to high pressures in high temperature environments without the use of magnets or moving mechanical parts. The pump employs a non-porous solid electrolyte membrane, typically ceramic, specific to the liquid metal to be pumped. A DC voltage is applied across the thickness of the membrane causing ions to form and enter the membrane on the electrically positive surface, with the ions being neutralized on the opposite surface. This action provides pumping of the liquid metal from one side of the non-porous solid electrolyte membrane to the other. 3 figs.
Abbin, J.P.; Andraka, C.E.; Lukens, L.L.; Moreno, J.B.
Cromer Cycle Air Conditioner: A Unique Air-Conditioner Desiccant Cycle to Enhance Dehumidification and Save Energy
-Enhanced Cooling and Dehumidification System," ASBRAE Transactions 1994, V.100, Pt. 2, #3816, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA, 1994 [7] Chant, E. E., Transient and Stearj, State Simulations of an Advanced..., the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimate from their surveys that 30% of their customers use dehumidifiers. [1] In supermarkets, where much of the sensible cooling is already done by the display cases, wasteful overcooling is done...
Cromer, C. J.
Air Pollution Control Regulations: No. 7 - Emission of Air Contaminant...
with the enjoyment of life and property. The criteria for determining compliance is listed in the regulations, and is based on other air pollution and ambient air standards...
Air ejector augmented compressed air energy storage system
Energy is stored in slack demand periods by charging a plurality of underground reservoirs with air to the same peak storage pressure, during peak demand periods throttling the air from one storage reservoir into a gas turbine system at a constant inlet pressure until the air pressure in the reservoir falls to said constant inlet pressure, thereupon permitting air in a second reservoir to flow into said gas turbine system while drawing air from the first reservoir through a variable geometry air ejector and adjusting said variable geometry air ejector, said air flow being essentially at the constant inlet pressure of the gas turbine system.
Ahrens, Frederick W. (Naperville, IL); Kartsounes, George T. (Naperville, IL)
Liquidity facilities and signaling
This dissertation studies the role of signaling concerns in discouraging access to liquidity facilities like the IMF contingent credit lines (CCL) and the Discount Window (DW). In Chapter 1, I analyze the introduction of ...
Arregui, Nicol�s
Air Resources: Prevention and Control of Air Contamination and Air
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Career Scientists' ResearchThe OfficeUtility Fed. GovernmentFed. Government CommercialPollution, Air
Health Hazards in Indoor Air
Health Hazards in Indoor Air. In Proceedings of the 2010for VOCs from post-1990 indoor air concentration studies inUnion project on indoor air pollutants. Allergy, 2008. 63(
Logue, Jennifer M.
Texas Clean Air Act (Texas)
This Act is designed to safeguard the state's air resources from pollution by requiring the control and abatement of air pollution and emissions of air contaminants, consistent with the protection...
Air heating system
A self-starting, fuel-fired, air heating system including a vapor generator, a turbine, and a condenser connected in a closed circuit such that the vapor output from the vapor generator is conducted to the turbine and then to the condenser where it is condensed for return to the vapor generator. The turbine drives an air blower which passes air over the condenser for cooling the condenser. Also, a condensate pump is driven by the turbine. The disclosure is particularly concerned with the provision of heat exchanger and circuitry for cooling the condensed fluid output from the pump prior to its return to the vapor generator.
Primeau, John J. (19800 Seminole Rd., Euclid, OH 44117)
Liquid crystalline composites containing phyllosilicates
The present invention provides phyllosilicate-polymer compositions which are useful as liquid crystalline composites. Phyllosilicate-polymer liquid crystalline compositions of the present invention can contain a high percentage of phyllosilicate while at the same time be transparent. Because of the ordering of the particles liquid crystalline composite, liquid crystalline composites are particularly useful as barriers to gas transport.
Chaiko, David J.
Quantification and Physics of Cold Plasma Treatment of Organic Liquid Surfaces
Plasma treatment increases the surface energy of condensed phases: solids and liquids. Two independent methods of the quantification of the influence imposed by a cold radiofrequency air plasma treatment on the surface properties of silicone oils (polydimethylsiloxane) of various molecular masses and castor oil are introduced. Under the first method the water droplet coated by oils was exposed to the cold air radiofrequency plasma, resulting in an increase of oil/air surface energy. An expression relating the oil/air surface energy to the apparent contact angle of the water droplet coated with oil was derived. The apparent contact angle was established experimentally. Calculation of the oil/air surface energy and spreading parameter was carried out for the various plasma-treated silicone and castor oils. The second method is based on the measurement of the electret response of the plasma-treated liquids.
Edward Bormashenko; Victor Multanen; Gilad Chaniel; Roman Grynyov; Evgeny Shulzinger; Roman Pogreb; Hadas Aharoni; Yakir Nagar
Ambient Air Quality Standards (Iowa)
These regulations set statewide ambient air quality standards for various contaminants. The state code follows the regulations set forth in the National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality...
Retrofit Air Preheat Economics
Retrofit air preheat systems are the most reliable and efficient means to effect significant energy conservation for large existing industrial furnaces. Units can be quickly installed without a lengthy shutdown, and the furnace efficiency can...
Goolsbee, J. A.
Breathing zone air sampler
A sampling apparatus is provided which comprises a sampler for sampling air in the breathing zone of a wearer of the apparatus and a support for the sampler preferably in the form of a pair of eyeglasses. The sampler comprises a sampling assembly supported on the frame of the eyeglasses and including a pair of sample transport tubes which are suspended, in use, centrally of the frame so as to be disposed on opposite sides of the nose of the wearer and which each include an inlet therein that, in use, is disposed adjacent to a respective nostril of the nose of the wearer. A filter holder connected to sample transport tubes supports a removable filter for filtering out particulate material in the air sampled by the apparatus. The sample apparatus is connected to a pump for drawing air into the apparatus through the tube inlets so that the air passes through the filter.
Tobin, John (Bethel Park, PA)
A sampling apparatus is presented which comprises a sampler for sampling air in the breathing zone of a wearer of the apparatus and a support for the sampler preferably in the form of a pair of eyeglasses. The sampler comprises a sampling assembly supported on the frame of the eyeglasses and including a pair of sample transport tubes which are suspended, in use, centrally of the frame so as to be disposed on opposite sides of the nose of the wearer and which each include an inlet therein that, in use, is disposed adjacent to a respective nostril of the nose of the wearer. A filter holder connected to sample transport tubes supports a removable filter for filtering out particulate material in the air sampled by the apparatus. The sample apparatus is connected to a pump for drawing air into the apparatus through the tube inlets so that the air passes through the filter.
Tobin, J.
Air Carrier Flight Operations
Most air carriers operate under a system of prioritized goals including safety, customer service (on-time departures and arrivals) and operating economics. The flight operations department is responsible for the safe and ...
Midkif, Alan H.
Canned Air in China
Broadcast Transcript: Not that long ago, coal smoke made the air here in Beijing so caustic that your nasal passages were seared with each breath. Those were the good old days: Car ownership was limited to government ...
Hacker, Randi
Air bag restraint device
A rear-seat air bag restraint device is disclosed that prevents an individual, or individuals, from continuing violent actions while being transported in a patrol vehicle`s rear seat without requiring immediate physical contact by the law enforcement officer. The air bag is activated by a control switch in the front seat and inflates to independently restrict the amount of physical activity occurring in the rear seat of the vehicle while allowing the officer to safely stop the vehicle. The air bag can also provide the officer additional time to get backup personnel to aid him if the situation warrants it. The bag is inflated and maintains a constant pressure by an air pump. 8 figs.
Marts, D.J.; Richardson, J.G.
Advanced Technology for Economical Dehumidification to Improve Indoor Air Quality
is then positioned so that one end is in a heat source and the other end is in a heat sink. The refrigerant on the warm side absorbs heat, boils, and flows to the cold side. Here it condenses, releases heat and returns to the warm side by gravity to complete..., the liquid refrigerant is subcooled directly by passing it through a coil in the supply air. After subcooling, the liquid refrigerant flows into the evaporator. The subcoolinglreheating step can be continuous or controlled. In addition, a Heat Pipe...
Beckwith, W. R.
Combustion Air Control
calibration and tune-up: ? A measure of combustion efficiency must be selected as a target operating goal for the combustion control system. Possible measures and typical targets include: Stack Gas Excess Air, 15% Stack Gas Opacity, 0.3 RN Stack Gas CO... Fuel Flows ? Preheater Inlet Temperature ? Btu Flow (Fuel Flow ? Preheater Outlet Temperature Controller Measurement) ? Ambient Temperature ? Oxygen in the Stack ? Boiler Master Controller Output ? Opac i ty Normalize the steam, air and fuel flow...
Hughart, C. L.
Liquid Fuels Market Module
Annual Energy Outlook 2013 [U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)]
In order to account for ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) regulations related to Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA90), ultra- low-sulfur diesel is differentiated from other...
Detecting and defining air pollutants: one laboratory's experiences and approaches
The Texas Air Control Board is the agency responsible for maintaining the quality of the ambient air of Texas. An extensive network of continuous and noncontinuous monitors is used to defect air quality trends in the state. The samples submitted may be gaseous, liquid, or solid. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is used for various elements. XRF was used specifically for lead emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions and toxic metals. However, atomic absorption is better for beryllium and arsenic. Gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) are employed in organic analysis as complements to each other. HPLC has been effectively used in the analysis of samples for herbicides. The defection of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is accomplished with a photoionization defector (PID) and flame ionization detector (FID) in series. There are many examples of a multi-instrument approach to analysis of samples. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy were used for nitrobenzene analysis. The complexity of ambient air sampler often requires a multinstrumental approach if the sample is to be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed so that the information can be used for corrective action or to identify potential problems of air pollution. 2 figures. (DP)
Lindgren, J.L.; Krauss, H.J.; Mgebroff, J.S.
Clearing the Air: "AIR" Training Session Wednesday, December 18
Clearing the Air: "AIR" Training Session Wednesday, December 18 12 p.m. 1:00 p.m. Human Resources/Tobacco- Free! Join us for an interactive session and learn more about "AIR" (Approach, Inform, Refer, and safe campus environment. Visit Clearing the Air website (http://tobaccofree.ucr.edu/) for more
Reed, Christopher A.
Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems
1 Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems Kisup Lee* Zheng Jiang, Ph.D Qingyan Chen, Ph.D. Student Member ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAE ABSTRACT Stratified air distribution systems such as Traditional Displacement Ventilation (TDV) and Under- Floor Air Distribution (UFAD
Chen, Qingyan "Yan"
inAir: Sharing Indoor Air Quality Measurements and Visualizations
evidence has indicated that indoor air pollution within homes and other buildings can be worse than the outdoor air pollution in even the largest and most industrialized cities. For example, the California Air Resources Board estimates that indoor air pollutant levels are 25-62% greater than outside levels [4
Mankoff, Jennifer
Air Quality: Air Pollutants, SLAC Emissions Sources, and Regulatory Reference
permit regulations are designed to track, record, and control air pollutants belonging to severalAir Quality: Air Pollutants, SLAC Emissions Sources, and Regulatory Reference Department: Chemical on chemical classifications. This reference outlines major categories of air pollutants found at SLAC
Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air-Conditioning (DEVap): Evaluation of a New Concept in Ultra Efficient Air Conditioning
NREL has developed the novel concept of a desiccant enhanced evaporative air conditioner (DEVap) with the objective of combining the benefits of liquid desiccant and evaporative cooling technologies into an innovative 'cooling core.' Liquid desiccant technologies have extraordinary dehumidification potential, but require an efficient cooling sink. DEVap's thermodynamic potential overcomes many shortcomings of standard refrigeration-based direct expansion cooling. DEVap decouples cooling and dehumidification performance, which results in independent temperature and humidity control. The energy input is largely switched away from electricity to low-grade thermal energy that can be sourced from fuels such as natural gas, waste heat, solar, or biofuels.
Kozubal, E.; Woods, J.; Burch, J.; Boranian, A.; Merrigan, T.
A determination of the acceptability of the liquid media sampler as an alternative to the standard midget impinger
no spillage or breakage, minimal physical entrainment, and collection efficiencies not significantly different from the standard midget impinger. The Liquid Nedia Sampler showed no significant variability in collection efficiency over its flow rate range... impinger in aqueous liquid media absorption method of contaminant collection in air sam- pling. The acceptability of the Liquid Media Sampler was based upon such performance factors as spillage, breakage, physical entrainment, and collection efficiency...
Ruser, Bernard Henry
DASC -Electronics In Motion17CFP_K American Institute of
) 328-3256 FAX firstname.lastname@example.com and Automotive Electronics #12;17th DASC - Electronics In Motion17CFP17th DASC - Electronics In Motion17CFP_K American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers Space Air Electronics in Motion Ground IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems
Schmidt, Douglas C.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN AIR-TO-AIR HEAT PUMP COUPLED WITH TEMPERATE AIR-SOURCES firstname.lastname@example.com, Tel.: +33 1 40 51 91 51 ABSTRACT An inverter-driven air-to-air heat pump model has been developped capacity air-to-air heat pump coupled with temperate air sources (crawlspace, attic, sunspace, heat
New American Home 2009 (Brochure)
This brochure details the New American Home 2009, which demonstrates the use of innovative building materials, cutting-edge design, and the latest construction techniques.
Revenue Maximization of Electricity Generation for a Wind Turbine Integrated with a Compressed Air Energy Storage System
controller is developed for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system integrated with a wind turbine storage vessel. The storage vessel contains both liquid and compressed air at the same pressure. Energy significant reduction in generation costs. Among all different types of energy storage approaches, compressed
Air PSE (Problem Solving Environment)
PSE - 1 Air PSE (Problem Solving Environment) MODELLING OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE LOS ANGELES BASIN WITH AIR PSE Developed by Prof. Donald Dabdub Computational Environmental Sciences Laboratory Mechanical COMPUTER MODELS An air pollution model is a computer program that computes how the different chemical
Nizkorodov, Sergey
EMISSIONS TO AIR OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE Swansea University Estates Services Singleton Park Swansea to Air Department: Estates and Facilities Site: All Author: Ambreen Jahangir Approved by: Mark Durdin PURPOSE: To minimise emissions and discharges to air from boilers, fume cupboards, air conditioning
Harman, Neal.A.
The effects of outdoor heat exchanger hydrophobic treatment on the performance of an air source heat pump
mode, the system must remove heat from the cold outdoor air and provide it to the conditioned space. To remove the heat from the outdoor air, the refrigerant entering the outdoor heat exchanger must be colder than the outdoor air. The outdoor air... is pulled across the heat exchanger surface by the outdoor fan Hence, the cold liquid refrigerant passing through the evaporator coil receives heat from the outdoor ambient air passing over the coil, causing the refrigerant to vaporize into a cool gas...
Parker, Brandon DeWayne
ILASS Europe 2013, 25th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chania, Greece, 1-4 September 2013
chambers, the injection of fuel is commonly achieved by air-blast atomizers which create a spray sheared liquid sheet by a planar air-blast atomizer (Figure 1). Here, this database is used as a reference carried out in which both the influence of the mesh resolution and the effect of some relevant physical
Compressed air energy storage system
An internal combustion reciprocating engine is operable as a compressor during slack demand periods utilizing excess power from a power grid to charge air into an air storage reservoir and as an expander during peak demand periods to feed power into the power grid utilizing air obtained from the air storage reservoir together with combustible fuel. Preferably the internal combustion reciprocating engine is operated at high pressure and a low pressure turbine and compressor are also employed for air compression and power generation.
Development of a Universal Method Based on Ionic Liquids for Determination of
at room temperature. They have unique chemical and physical properties, including being air and moisture of Enantiomeric Compositions of Pharmaceutical Products Chieu D. Tran* Department of Chemistry, Marquette with either new anions and/or cations and determining © 2010 American Chemical Society Downloadedby
Reid, Scott A.
The American Recovery
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy StrainClientDesignOfficeThe 21st Century TruckAPRILAuditAmerican
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperativeA2. World9, 2014 International PetroleumFuel Oil UsageAEP AMERICAN
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperativeA2. World9, 2014 International PetroleumFuel Oil UsageAEP AMERICAN OPEN
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperativeA2.Reformulated, Average RefinerEnergy Supply Crude2.3AMERICAN
American Physical Society Fellows
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to someone by E-mail Share AlternativeRightAlvaroX-ray,American Physical
Comments of North American Electric Reliability Corporation ...
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to DOE Smart Grid RFI: Addressing Policy and Logistical Challenges Comments of North American Electric Reliability...
Lienert named American Welding Society Fellow
American Welding Society Fellow November 29, 2012 Thomas J. Lienert of the Lab's Metallurgy group was inducted into the American Welding Society's 2012 Class of Fellows during...
Energy Innovation: Green Button Initiative Empowering Americans...
Innovation: Green Button Initiative Empowering Americans to Save Energy and Money Energy Innovation: Green Button Initiative Empowering Americans to Save Energy and Money February...
AIR, CLIMATE, AND ENERGY RESEARCH Background The Clean Air Act has
resulted in one of the most effective public health programs in American history by providing the legislation to address air quality in the United States. The legislation has led to millions of lives saved and improved health. Research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has played a significant role in these health achievements. The work by EPA scientists, engineers and partners demonstrated that exposure to air pollution damages our health, causing lung and heart disease, impacts our immune, nervous and reproductive systems, and shortens our lives. Their work has linked air pollution to disease and other health problems, contributed to important risk assessments, provided new technology and scientific tools and offered new solutions to protect and manage air quality. New Challenges Despite this progress, challenges remain and new concerns have emerged. Millions of people still live in counties that do not meet air quality standards for one or more pollutants. Research has uncovered many health threats from air pollution. EPA research continues to address these threats and understand their impact on those living in highly polluted areas, other vulnerable groups and vulnerable ecosystems. Climate change represents a major challenge to the protection of human health and the environment. EPA�s research is focused on understanding the environmental impacts of climate change and how to respond to the changes and impacts with sustainable solutions. Responding to climate change also includes reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. EPA�s research in this area is focused on the environmental impacts�both positive and negative�of possible greenhouse gas reduction approaches. The energy choices we make as a society clearly influence air quality and climate change. But how do we make energy decisions that have the least negative impact and greatest benefit? Research is under way to understand the impacts of air quality as alternative energy sources emerge. The atmosphere itself has become more complex. In the past, research has focused on the health impacts of single pollutants such as ozone or particulate matter. Yet we live in a world of multiple pollutants that interact and even create new chemicals.
unknown authors
Properties of Liquid Plutonium
Unalloyed polycrystalline Pu displays extreme thermal expansion behavior, i.e., {alpha} {yields} {beta} {yields} {gamma} {yields} {delta} increases by 25% in volume and {delta} {yields} {var_epsilon} {yields} liquid decreases by 4.5% in volume. Thus, making it difficult to measure density into the liquid state. Dilatometer outfitted with CaF molten metal cell offers a proven capability to measure thermal expansion in molten metals, but has yet to be proven for Pu. Historic data from the liquid nuclear fuels program will prove extremely useful as a guide to future measurements. 3.3at% Ga changes Pu molten metal properties: 50% increase in viscosity and {approx}3% decrease in density. Fe may decrease the density by a small amount assuming an averaging of densities for Pu-Ga and Pu-Fe liquids. More recent Boivineau (2009) work needs some interpretation, but technique is being employed in (U,Pu)O{sub 2} nuclear fuels program (Pu Futures, 2012).
Freibert, Franz J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mitchell, Jeremy N. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Schwartz, Daniel S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Saleh, Tarik A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Migliori, Albert [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Imaging Liquids Using Microfluidic Cells
Chemistry occurring in the liquid and liquid surface is important in many applications. Chemical imaging of liquids using vacuum based analytical techniques is challenging due to the difficulty in working with liquids with high volatility. Recent development in microfluidics enabled and increased our capabilities to study liquid in situ using surface sensitive techniques such as electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Due to its small size, low cost, and flexibility in design, liquid cells based on microfluidics have been increasingly used in studying and imaging complex phenomena involving liquids. This paper presents a review of microfluidic cells that were developed to adapt to electron microscopes and various spectrometers for in situ chemical analysis and imaging of liquids. The following topics will be covered including cell designs, fabrication techniques, unique technical features for vacuum compatible cells, and imaging with electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Challenges are summarized and recommendations for future development priority are proposed.
Yu, Xiao-Ying; Liu, Bingwen; Yang, Li
Economizer Based Data Center Liquid Cooling with Advanced Metal Interfaces
A new chiller-less data center liquid cooling system utilizing the outside air environment has been shown to achieve up to 90% reduction in cooling energy compared to traditional chiller based data center cooling systems. The system removes heat from Volume servers inside a Sealed Rack and transports the heat using a liquid loop to an Outdoor Heat Exchanger which rejects the heat to the outdoor ambient environment. The servers in the rack are cooled using a hybrid cooling system by removing the majority of the heat generated by the processors and memory by direct thermal conduction using coldplates and the heat generated by the remaining components using forced air convection to an air- to- liquid heat exchanger inside the Sealed Rack. The anticipated benefits of such energy-centric configurations are significant energy savings at the data center level. When compared to a traditional 10 MW data center, which typically uses 25% of its total data center energy consumption for cooling this technology could potentially enable a cost savings of up to $800,000-$2,200,000/year (assuming electricity costs of 4 to 11 cents per kilowatt-hour) through the reduction in electrical energy usage.
Timothy Chainer
Liquid metal thermal electric converter
A liquid metal thermal electric converter which converts heat energy to electrical energy. The design of the liquid metal thermal electric converter incorporates a unique configuration which directs the metal fluid pressure to the outside of the tube which results in the structural loads in the tube to be compressive. A liquid metal thermal electric converter refluxing boiler with series connection of tubes and a multiple cell liquid metal thermal electric converter are also provided.
The present invention provides barrier films having reduced gas permeability for use in packaging and coating applications. The barrier films comprise an anisotropic liquid crystalline composite layer formed from phyllosilicate-polymer compositions. Phyllosilicate-polymer liquid crystalline compositions of the present invention can contain a high percentage of phyllosilicate while remaining transparent. Because of the ordering of the particles in the liquid crystalline composite, barrier films comprising liquid crystalline composites are particularly useful as barriers to gas transport.
Chaiko; David J. (Naperville, IL)
Effect of gamma radiation on selected functional and physical properties of liquid egg white
had larger air cells with thicker cell walls. The cakes were also tougher and had more resistance to compression. CHAPTER I II EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIqUID EGG WHITE Intr oduct ion As indi. cated in Chapter... EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON SELECTED FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID EGG WHITE A Thesis By Hershell Ray Ball, Jr. Approved as to style and content by) (Chairman of Committee) ead of Department) (Me mba (Member) ( ber) ~Ja...
Ball, Hershell Ray
E-Print Network 3.0 - air surveillance air Sample Search Results
Sample search results for: air surveillance air Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation Project Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE)...
Sticking with air
A decision to replace more than 300 aging damper actuators at Independence Plant in Newark, Arkensas forced Entergy to make a choice between pneumatic and electric actuator designs. The dampers route air flow through separate dedicated compartments to ensure proper firing of pulverised coal. The reasons that pneumatics was chosen are discussed in this article. 4 figs.
Coker, S.N. [Entergy (US). Independence Plant
High temperature liquid level sensor
A length of metal sheathed metal oxide cable is perforated to permit liquid access to the insulation about a pair of conductors spaced close to one another. Changes in resistance across the conductors will be a function of liquid level, since the wetted insulation will have greater electrical conductivity than that of the dry insulation above the liquid elevation.
Tokarz, Richard D. (West Richland, WA)
"American manufacturers are a cornerstone of the American economy and embody the best in American values. They enhance U.S. competitiveness
"American manufacturers are a cornerstone of the American economy and embody the best in American...................................................................... 27 Phase Four: Testing and Refinement ........................................................ 27
Industrial HVAC Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Retrofit Economics
Retrofitting air-to-air energy recovery equipment is relatively simply to design and easy to install. Additionally, HVAC energy recovery is almost risk free when compared to process retrofit. Life cycle cost analysis is the best way to illustrate...
Graham, E. L.
Vermont Air Pollution Control Regulations, Ambient Air Quality Standards (Vermont)
The ambient air quality standards are based on the national ambient air quality standards. The Vermont standards are classified as primary and secondary standards and judged adequate to protect...
Analysis & Simulation of Dynamics in Supercooled Liquids
Moreover, the heat capacity of that liquid is also higherthe intensive heat capacities of the liquid and the crystal,
Elmatad, Yael Sarah
Environmental Pollution Air Pollution Dispersion Practical Air Pollution Dispersion
Environmental Pollution Air Pollution Dispersion 1 of 5 Practical Air Pollution Dispersion in the lectures how such models can be used to explain observed concentrations of air pollutants in an area and to test `what-if' scenarios for pollution control and reduction. You will use the Gaussian Plume Model
Moncrieff, John B.
The Seaport Liquid Natural Gas Study has attempted to evaluate the potential for using LNG in a variety of heavy-duty vehicle and equipment applications at the Ports of Los Angeles and Oakland. Specifically, this analysis has focused on the handling and transport of containerized cargo to, from and within these two facilities. In terms of containerized cargo throughput, Los Angeles and Oakland are the second and sixth busiest ports in the US, respectively, and together handle nearly 4.5 million TEUs per year. At present, the landside handling and transportation of containerized cargo is heavily dependent on diesel-powered, heavy-duty vehicles and equipment, the utilization of which contributes significantly to the overall emissions impact of port-related activities. Emissions from diesel units have been the subject of increasing scrutiny and regulatory action, particularly in California. In the past two years alone, particulate matter from diesel exhaust has been listed as a toxic air contaminant by CAM, and major lawsuits have been filed against several of California's largest supermarket chains, alleging violation of Proposition 65 statutes in connection with diesel emissions from their distribution facilities. CARE3 has also indicated that it may take further regulatory action relating to the TAC listing. In spite of these developments and the very large diesel emissions associated with port operations, there has been little AFV penetration in these applications. Nearly all port operators interviewed by CALSTART expressed an awareness of the issues surrounding diesel use; however, none appeared to be taking proactive steps to address them. Furthermore, while a less controversial issue than emissions, the dominance of diesel fuel use in heavy-duty vehicles contributes to a continued reliance on imported fuels. The increasing concern regarding diesel use, and the concurrent lack of alternative fuel use and vigorous emissions reduction activity at the Ports provide both the backdrop and the impetus for this study.
Modeling Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Ionic Liquid Systems with NRTL, Electrolyte-NRTL, and UNIQUAC
Modeling Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Ionic Liquid Systems with NRTL, Electrolyte-NRTL, and UNIQUAC different excess Gibbs free energy models are evaluated: the NRTL, UNIQUAC and electrolyte- NRTL (eNRTL) models. In the case of eNRTL, a new formulation of the model is used, based on a symmetric reference
Stadtherr, Mark A.
Professor, Communication Studies and African American Studies
Professor, Communication Studies and African American Studies Director of African American of Communication and Theatre Arts and Director of the African American Studies Program at the University of Puget Book Chapter Award from the African American Communication and Culture Division and the Black Caucus
Miami, University of
First Floor Smithsonian American Art Museum
First Floor Smithsonian American Art Museum American Experience Folk Art Special ExhibitionsMillan Education Center Folk Art One Life Archives of American Art Gallery Recent AcquisitionsMuseum Store Museum Museum Graphic Arts American Art through 1940 America's Presidents The Struggle for Justice
Liquid filtration simulation
We have a developed a computer code that simulates 3-D filtration of suspended particles in fluids in realistic filter structures. This code, being the most advanced filtration simulation package developed to date, provides LLNL and DOE with new capabilities to address problems in cleaning liquid wastes, medical fluid cleaning, and recycling liquids. The code is an integrated system of commercially available and LLNL-developed software; the most critical are the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and the particle transport program. For the CFD solver, we used a commercial package based on Navier-Stokes equations and a LLNL-developed package based on Boltzman-lattice gas equations. For the particle transport program, we developed a cod based on the 3-D Langevin equation of motion and the DLVO theory of electrical interactions. A number of additional supporting packages were purchased or developed to integrate the simulation tasks and to provide visualization output.
Corey, I.; Bergman, W.
Latin American Theatre Review, Volume 10, Number 2: Front Matter
10/2 LATIN AMERICAN THEATRE REVIEW SPRING 1977 Contents Kindergarten, A New Play by Egon Wolff Margaret Sayers Peden 5 El teatro en Buenos Aires en la �poca de la emancipaci�n (1810-1820) Oscar F. Urquiza Almandoz 11 Existential Irony... in Three Carballido Plays Karen Peterson 29 La funci�n de la imaginaci�n en las Coronas de Rodolfo Usigli Roberto R. Rodr�guez 37 Chicano Agit-Prop: The Early Actos of El Teatro Campesino Jorge A. Huerta 45 Lima: Entropy (Wolfgang Luchting) 59 Tirano...
Tennessee Air Quality Act (Tennessee)
The Tennessee Air Quality Act (AQA) delegates the power to maintain air quality in the State to the Department of Environment and Conservation. Under the Department of the Environment and...
Fundamentals of Compressed Air Systems
Find out how a compressed air system works and the benefits of optimal compressed air system performance. This initial class demonstrates how to compute the current cost of your plant's compressed...
Louisiana Air Control Law (Louisiana)
This law states regulations for air quality control and states the powers and duties of the secretary of environmental quality. It provides information about permits and licenses, air quality...
Compressed Air Energy Storage System
/expanders are crucial for the economical viability of a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system such as the
Farzad A. Shirazi; Mohsen Saadat; Bo Yan; Perry Y. Li; Terry W. Simon
Metal-air battery assessment
The objective of this report is to evaluate the present technical status of the zinc-air, aluminum/air and iron/air batteries and assess their potential for use in an electric vehicle. In addition, this report will outline proposed research and development priorities for the successful development of metal-air batteries for electric vehicle application. 39 refs., 25 figs., 11 tabs.
Sen, R.K.; Van Voorhees, S.L.; Ferrel, T.
Making Compressed Air System Decisions
spawned an entire industry dedicated to manufacturing equipment designed to remove moisture, lubricant, particulate and vapor contaminants from compressed air. Purification equipment, such as air dryers and filters, are used alone or in combination... to reduce the amount of contaminants in the compressed air to the desired purity. All compressed ESL-IE-96-04-32 Proceedings from the Eighteenth Industrial Energy Technology Conference, Houston, TX, April 17-18, 1996 air purification equipment requires...
Porri, R. E.
Oil and Gas Air Heaters
, the relation of hot-air temperature, oil or gas consumption and fresh airflow is determined based on energy equilibrium....
Kou, G.; Wang, H.; Zhou, J.
The Japanese Union of Air Pollution Prevention Associations,The Status of Indoor Air Pollution Research 1976, GeometAnnual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association,
Hollowell, C.D.
Review: Integrating Climate, Energy and Air Pollution
Climate, Energy and Air Pollution By Gary Bryner with RobertEnergy, and Air Pollution. Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MITClimate, Energy, and Air Pollution provides a well-
Toohey, David E.
Radionuclide Air Emission Report for 2011
LBNL-470E-20�1 Radionuclide Air Emission Report for Preparedfor Estimating Fugitive Air Emissions of Radionuclides fromStandards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (Radionuclides),
Wahl, Linnea
Air Pollution & Health in Rapidly Developing Countries
For example, �Air Pollution and Health � Studies in theAssessment of Air Pollution and Health� is illustrative inReview: Air Pollution & Health in Rapidly Developing
Bucher, Scott
E-Print Network 3.0 - american ophthlamological society Sample...
Summary: of Graphic Arts American Psychological Association American Research Center in Egypt American Society... of Mammalogists American Society of Media Photographers American...
E-Print Network 3.0 - american ophthalmolgical society Sample...
E-Print Network 3.0 - association american society Sample Search...
FLUIDIC: Metal Air Recharged
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Fluidic, with the help of ARPA-E funding, has developed and deployed the world's first proven high cycle life metal air battery. Metal air technology, often used in smaller scale devices like hearing aids, has the lowest cost per electron of any rechargeable battery storage in existence. Deploying these batteries for grid reliability is competitive with pumped hydro installations while having the advantages of a small footprint. Fluidic's battery technology allows utilities and other end users to store intermittent energy generated from solar and wind, as well as maintain reliable electrical delivery during power outages. The batteries are manufactured in the US and currently deployed to customers in emerging markets for cell tower reliability. As they continue to add customers, they've gained experience and real world data that will soon be leveraged for US grid reliability.
Friesen, Cody
Air Observe System
This manuscript contains a description and basic principles for observing inaccessible areas using low cost, easily deployed equipment. The basic premise is to suspend a tiny video camera at an altitude of 10 - 200 meters over the area to be surveyed. The TV camera supports at altitude by wind or balloon. The technical challenges regard the means by which the camera is suspended. Such a system may be used by military or police forces or by civil authorities for rescue missions or assessment of natural disasters. The method may be further developed for military applications by integrating the surveillance task with deployment of munitions. Key words: air observer, air suspended system, low altitude video observer.
Alexander Bolonkin
Air cathode structure manufacture
An improved air cathode structure for use in primary batteries and the like. The cathode structure includes a matrix active layer, a current collector grid on one face of the matrix active layer, and a porous, nonelectrically conductive separator on the opposite face of the matrix active layer, the collector grid and separator being permanently bonded to the matrix active layer. The separator has a preselected porosity providing low IR losses and high resistance to air flow through the matrix active layer to maintain high bubble pressure during operation of the battery. In the illustrated embodiment, the separator was formed of porous polypropylene. A thin hydrophobic film is provided, in the preferred embodiment, on the current collecting metal grid.
Momyer, William R. (Palo Alto, CA); Littauer, Ernest L. (Los Altos Hills, CA)
Air Pollution Socio-Economic
Traffic Air Pollution and Socio-Economic Status Gregory C Pratt PhD Kristie Ellickson PhD #12 · Relationships #12;Living near traffic increases exposure to air pollution and is associated with adverse health exposed to traffic and air pollution. They are also more vulnerable and have an increased risk of adverse
Minnesota, University of
Geothermal energy for American Samoa
The geothermal commercialization potential in American Samoa was investigated. With geothermal energy harnessed in American Samoa, a myriad of possibilities would arise. Existing residential and business consumers would benefit from reduced electricity costs. The tuna canneries, demanding about 76% of the island's process heat requirements, may be able to use process heat from a geothermal source. Potential new industries include health spas, aquaculture, wood products, large domestic and transhipment refrigerated warehouses, electric cars, ocean nodule processing, and a hydrogen economy. There are no territorial statutory laws of American Samoa claiming or reserving any special rights (including mineral rights) to the territorial government, or other interests adverse to a land owner, for subsurface content of real property. Technically, an investigation has revealed that American Samoa does possess a geological environment conducive to geothermal energy development. Further studies and test holes are warranted.
Modern Art and Modern Movement: Images of Dance in American Art, c. 1900-1950
intently from her box completely captivated by the performance [Fig. 1.14] . Mary Cassatt�s Woman with a Pearl Neckla ce ( 1879 ) depicts a more sophisticated theater goer wearing a low-cut dress, gloves, and pearls, and holding a fan [Fig. 1... into the foreground of the young American�s work, only there it wears the air of a mannerism, of a derivative thing. It is impossible to consider the situation without regret. A man of such ability ought surely to be doing fresher and finer things.18...
Stephens, JoLee Gillespie
Air Risk Information Support Center
The Air Risk Information Support Center (Air RISC) was initiated in early 1988 by the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) as a technology transfer effort that would focus on providing information to state and local environmental agencies and to EPA Regional Offices in the areas of health, risk, and exposure assessment for toxic air pollutants. Technical information is fostered and disseminated by Air RISCs three primary activities: (1) a {open_quotes}hotline{close_quotes}, (2) quick turn-around technical assistance projects, and (3) general technical guidance projects. 1 ref., 2 figs.
Shoaf, C.R.; Guth, D.J. [Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (United States)
american subtropical area: Topics by E-print Network
English American Studies Sussex, University of 30 Grant Title: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN (AAUW) -AMERICAN FELLOWSHIPS Funding Opportunity Number: NA Engineering...
Society of American Indian Government Employees Annual National Training Program
Event includes plenary session, American Indian law classes, Native American youth workshops, cultural presentations, and a veterans program. Sponsored by the�Society of American Indian Government...
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids is disclosed. The present invention includes the use of two closely spaced transducers, or one transducer and a closely spaced reflector plate, to form an interferometer suitable for ultrasonic characterization of droplet-size and smaller samples without the need for a container. The droplet is held between the interferometer elements, whose distance apart may be adjusted, by surface tension. The surfaces of the interferometer elements may be readily cleansed by a stream of solvent followed by purified air when it is desired to change samples. A single drop of liquid is sufficient for high-quality measurement. Examples of samples which may be investigated using the apparatus and method of the present invention include biological specimens (tear drops; blood and other body fluid samples; samples from tumors, tissues, and organs; secretions from tissues and organs; snake and bee venom, etc.) for diagnostic evaluation, samples in forensic investigations, and detection of drugs in small quantities. 5 figs.
Sinha, D.N.
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Technologies
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in3.pdfEnergy Health andofIan KalinResearch,IntroducingIonic Liquid Pretreatment EERE
Electrocatalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium�Air Batteries:...
Electrocatalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium�Air Batteries: Status, Challenges, and Perspective. Electrocatalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium�Air Batteries: Status, Challenges,...
Supported liquid membrane electrochemical separators
Supported liquid membrane separators improve the flexibility, efficiency and service life of electrochemical cells for a variety of applications. In the field of electrochemical storage, an alkaline secondary battery with improved service life is described in which a supported liquid membrane is interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. The supported liquid membranes of this invention can be used in energy production and storage systems, electrosynthesis systems, and in systems for the electrowinning and electrorefining of metals.
Pemsler, J. Paul (Lexington, MA); Dempsey, Michael D. (Revere, MA)
Liquid monobenzoxazine based resin system
The present invention provides a liquid resin system including a liquid monobenzoxazine monomer and a non-glycidyl epoxy compound, wherein the weight ratio of the monobenzoxazine monomer to the non-glycidyl epoxy compound is in a range of about 25:75 to about 60:40. The liquid resin system exhibits a low viscosity and exceptional stability over an extended period of time making its use in a variety of composite manufacturing methods highly advantageous.
Tietze, Roger; Nguyen, Yen-Loan; Bryant, Mark
State of the Art of Air-source Heat Pump for Cold Regions
In this paper, research on air source heat pump systems for cold regions in recent years is first summarized and compared. These systems can be divided into three kinds: a single-stage compression heat pump, liquid/vapor injection heat pump, and a...
Tian, C.; Liang, N.
Heat transfer and friction characteristics of air flow in microtubes Chien-Yuh Yang a,
Heat transfer and friction characteristics of air flow in microtubes Chien-Yuh Yang a, , Chia September 2011 Keywords: Microtube Heat transfer Liquid Crystal Thermography a b s t r a c t Several researches dealing with the single-phase forced convection heat transfer inside microchannels have been
Kandlikar, Satish
Eos, Vol. 93, No. 15, 10 April 2012 Land surface air temperature is one of the
as "the temperature indicated by a thermometer exposed to the air in a place sheltered from direct solar developed by the late seventeenth century, and D. G. Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer in 1714, the liquid-in-glass thermometer (such as the mercury thermometer) was widely used. In particular, maximum
Regenerative air heater
A gas-cooled steel skirt is used to support a refractory cored brick matrix and dome structure in a high temperature regenerative air heater useful in magnetohydrodynamic power generation. The steel skirt thermally expands to accommodate the thermal expansion of the dome structure despite substantial temperature differential thereby reducing relative movement between the dome bricks. Gas cooling of the steel skirt allows the structure to operate above its normal temperature during clean-out cycles and also allows for the control of the thermal expansion of the steel skirt.
Hasselquist, Paul B. (Maple Grove, MN); Baldner, Richard (Minnetonka, MN)
Hasselquist, P.B.; Baldner, R.
Safeguarding indoor air quality
California has created and implemented the first state program devoted exclusively to the investigation of nonindustrial indoor air quality. The program is responsible for promoting and conducting research on the determining factors of healthful indoor environments and is structured to obtain information about emission sources, ventilation effects, indoor concentrations, human activity patterns, exposures, health risks, control measures and public policy options. Data are gathered by a variety of methods, including research conducted by staff members, review of the available scientific literature, participation in technical meetings, contractual agreements with outside agencies, cooperative research projects with other groups and consultation with experts. 23 references, 1 figure, 1 table.
Sexton, K.; Wesolowski, J.J.
Hot air drum evaporator
An evaporation system for aqueous radioactive waste uses standard 30 and 55 gallon drums. Waste solutions form cascading water sprays as they pass over a number of trays arranged in a vertical stack within a drum. Hot dry air is circulated radially of the drum through the water sprays thereby removing water vapor. The system is encased in concrete to prevent exposure to radioactivity. The use of standard 30 and 55 gallon drums permits an inexpensive compact modular design that is readily disposable, thus eliminating maintenance and radiation build-up problems encountered with conventional evaporation systems.
Black, Roger L. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Process for preparing liquid wastes
A process for preparing radioactive and other hazardous liquid wastes for treatment by the method of vitrification or melting is provided for.
Oden, Laurance L. (Albany, OR); Turner, Paul C. (Albany, OR); O'Connor, William K. (Lebanon, OR); Hansen, Jeffrey S. (Corvallis, OR)
FLARE, Fermilab Liquid Argon Experiments
Mature technology of Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers in conjunction with intense neutrino beams constructed at Fermilab offer a broad program of neutrino physics for the next decade.
L. Bartoszek
Air Cooling for High Temperature Power Electronics (Presentation)
Current emphasis on developing high-temperature power electronics, including wide-bandgap materials such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, increases the opportunity for a completely air-cooled inverter at higher powers. This removes the liquid cooling system for the inverter, saving weight and volume on the liquid-to-air heat exchanger, coolant lines, pumps, and coolant, replacing them with just a fan and air supply ducting. We investigate the potential for an air-cooled heat exchanger from a component and systems-level approach to meet specific power and power density targets. A proposed baseline air-cooled heat exchanger design that does not meet those targets was optimized using a parametric computational fluid dynamics analysis, examining the effects of heat exchanger geometry and device location, fixing the device heat dissipation and maximum junction temperature. The CFD results were extrapolated to a full inverter, including casing, capacitor, bus bar, gate driver, and control board component weights and volumes. Surrogate ducting was tested to understand the pressure drop and subsequent system parasitic load. Geometries that met targets with acceptable loads on the system were down-selected for experimentation. Nine baseline configuration modules dissipated the target heat dissipation, but fell below specific power and power density targets. Six optimized configuration modules dissipated the target heat load, exceeding the specific power and power density targets. By maintaining the same 175 degrees C maximum junction temperature, an optimized heat exchanger design and higher device heat fluxes allowed a reduction in the number of modules required, increasing specific power and power density while still maintaining the inverter power.
Waye, S.; Musselman, M.; King, C.
Liquid RF Antennas, Electronics and Sensors: A Modeling Challenge Anya Traille and Manos M. Tentzeris
of metal [3]. While metallic antennas are quite effective in the air, they exhibit a sharp dielectric], while inkjet-printable batteries require the deposition of semi-liquid conductive gels. Plus, many efficiency. A conventional metal antenna placed flush into human skin will induce a surface wave within
Tentzeris, Manos
Liquid piston gas compression James D. Van de Ven a,*, Perry Y. Li b,1
. As the compressed gas cools at constant pressure in a storage reservoir, the potential energy of the gas de- creases process and enables efficient energy storage through gas compression. Current applications involving piston Gas compression Air compressor Compression efficiency a b s t r a c t A liquid piston concept
Heat Pump Water Heaters and American Homes: A Good Fit?
Heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) are over twice as energy-efficient as conventional electric resistance water heaters, with the potential to save substantial amounts of electricity. Drawing on analysis conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy's recently-concluded rulemaking on amended standards for water heaters, this paper evaluates key issues that will determine how well, and to what extent, this technology will fit in American homes. The key issues include: 1) equipment cost of HPWHs; 2) cooling of the indoor environment by HPWHs; 3) size and air flow requirements of HPWHs; 4) performance of HPWH under different climate conditions and varying hot water use patterns; and 5) operating cost savings under different electricity prices and hot water use. The paper presents the results of a life-cycle cost analysis of the adoption of HPWHs in a representative sample of American homes, as well as national impact analysis for different market share scenarios. Assuming equipment costs that would result from high production volume, the results show that HPWHs can be cost effective in all regions for most single family homes, especially when the water heater is not installed in a conditioned space. HPWHs are not cost effective for most manufactured home and multi-family installations, due to lower average hot water use and the water heater in the majority of cases being installed in conditioned space, where cooling of the indoor environment and size and air flow requirements of HPWHs increase installation costs.
Franco, Victor; Lekov, Alex; Meyers, Steve; Letschert, Virginie
Laser ablated copper plasmas in liquid and gas ambient
The dynamics of copper ablated plasma plumes generated using laser ablation of copper targets in both liquid (de-ionized water) and gas (air) ambients is reported. Using time and space resolved visible emission spectroscopy (450-650 nm), the plasma plumes parameters are investigated. The electron density (n{sub e}) determined using Stark broadening of the Cu I (3d{sup 10}4d{sup 1} {sup 2}D{sub 3/2}-3d{sup 10}4p{sup 1} {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} at 521.8 nm) line is estimated and compared for both plasma plumes. The electron temperature (T{sub e}) was estimated using the relative line emission intensities of the neutral copper transitions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectral analysis of the ablated copper surface indicated abundance of spherical nanoparticles in liquid while those in air are amalgamates of irregular shapes. The nanoparticles suspended in the confining liquid form aggregates and exhibit a surface plasmon resonance at ?590 nm.
Kumar, Bhupesh; Thareja, Raj K. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016 (India)] [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016 (India)
Abatement of Air Pollution: Air Pollution Control Equipment and...
contain instructions for the operation and monitoring of air pollution control equipment, as well as comments on procedures in the event of equipment breakdown, failure, and...
Advance Patent Waiver W(A)2005-049
This is a request by AMERICAN AIR LIQUIDE for a DOE waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights under agreement DE-FC26-02NT41586.
Liquid Phase 3D Printing for Quickly Manufacturing Metal Objects with Low Melting Point Alloy Ink
Conventional 3D printings are generally time-consuming and printable metal inks are rather limited. From an alternative way, we proposed a liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making metal objects. Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks, several representative structures spanning from one, two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated. Compared with the air cooling in a conventional 3D printing, the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating metal objects. This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing. Several key physical factors (like properties of the cooling fluid, injection speed and needle diameter, types and properties of the printing ink, etc.) were disclosed which would evidently affect the printing quality. In addit...
Wang, Lei
Rare earth focused ion beam implantation utilizing Er and Pr liquid alloy ion sources
Pr,10,11 Eu,12 Dy,13 Er,1315 and Tm16 doped GaN. Rare earth elements were added during growthRare earth focused ion beam implantation utilizing Er and Pr liquid alloy ion sources L. C. Chao, B write implantation. © 1999 American Vacuum Society. S0734-211X 99 08306-7 I. INTRODUCTION Rare earth
Steckl, Andrew J.
Determination of the Transient Response Characteristics of the Air-Source Heat Pump During the Reverse Cycle Defrost
.1 Description of Test Points 3.9 Fi?. 3.4 Heat Pump System Schematic 3.10 Fig. 3.5 Refrigerant Line Temperature Probe 3.11 for leak testing, equipment replacement, and system break- down. The valves proved to be extremely useful because when a specific section... Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University ESL-TR-88/06-04 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AMCA Air Movement and Control Association ARI Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air...
O'Neal, D. L.; Anand, N. K.; Peterson, K. T.; Schleising, S.
Fuel Cell Manufacturing: American Energy and Manufacturing Competitive...
Fuel Cell Manufacturing: American Energy and Manufacturing Competitiveness Summit Fuel Cell Manufacturing: American Energy and Manufacturing Competitiveness Summit Presentation on...
american students utilizing: Topics by E-print Network
PARTNERS American Institute of Chemical Engineers Alpha Omega Epsilon International Engineering & Technical Science Sorority American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and...
Air Force Renewable Energy Programs
Presentation covers Air Force Renewable Energy Programs and is given at the Spring 2011 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting.
Oklahoma Clean Air Act (Oklahoma)
This legislation establishes the authority for the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality to administer programs to maintain and monitor air quality across Oklahoma. The Department monitors...
Nebraska Air Quality Regulations (Nebraska)
These regulations, promulgated by the Department of Environmental Quality, contain provisions pertaining to ambient air quality standards, pollution source operating permits, emissions reporting,...
Lithium-loaded liquid scintillators
The invention is directed to a liquid scintillating composition containing (i) one or more non-polar organic solvents; (ii) (lithium-6)-containing nanoparticles having a size of up to 10 nm and surface-capped by hydrophobic molecules; and (iii) one or more fluorophores. The invention is also directed to a liquid scintillator containing the above composition.
Dai, Sheng (Knoxville, TN); Kesanli, Banu (Mersin, TR); Neal, John S. (Knoxville, TN)
Examination of Liquid Fluoride Salt Heat Transfer
The need for high efficiency power conversion and energy transport systems is increasing as world energy use continues to increase, petroleum supplies decrease, and global warming concerns become more prevalent. There are few heat transport fluids capable of operating above about 600oC that do not require operation at extremely high pressures. Liquid fluoride salts are an exception to that limitation. Fluoride salts have very high boiling points, can operate at high temperatures and low pressures and have very good heat transfer properties. They have been proposed as coolants for next generation fission reactor systems, as coolants for fusion reactor blankets, and as thermal storage media for solar power systems. In each case, these salts are used to either extract or deliver heat through heat exchange equipment, and in order to design this equipment, liquid salt heat transfer must be predicted. This paper discusses the heat transfer characteristics of liquid fluoride salts. Historically, heat transfer in fluoride salts has been assumed to be consistent with that of conventional fluids (air, water, etc.), and correlations used for predicting heat transfer performance of all fluoride salts have been the same or similar to those used for water conventional fluids an, water, etc). A review of existing liquid salt heat transfer data is presented, summarized, and evaluated on a consistent basis. Less than 10 experimental data sets have been found in the literature, with varying degrees of experimental detail and measured parameters provided. The data has been digitized and a limited database has been assembled and compared to existing heat transfer correlations. Results vary as well, with some data sets following traditional correlations; in others the comparisons are less conclusive. This is especially the case for less common salt/materials combinations, and suggests that additional heat transfer data may be needed when using specific salt eutectics in heat transfer equipment designs. All of the data discussed above were taken under forced convective conditions (both laminar and turbulent). Some recent data taken at ORNL under free convection conditions are also presented and results discussed. This data was taken using a simple crucible experiment with an instrumented nickel heater inserted in the salt to induce natural circulation within the crucible. The data was taken over a temperature range of 550oC to 650oC in FLiNaK salt. This data covers both laminar and turbulent natural convection conditions, and is compared to existing forms of natural circulation correlations.
Yoder Jr, Graydon L [ORNL] [ORNL
North American Technician Excellence Wayne Reedy
's largest non-profit certification organization for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration/or Service certification in one or more SPECIALTY areas, including: Air Conditioning Air Distribution Heat and light HVACR commercial technicians in air conditioning, air distribution, heat pump, gas heating and oil
Freezing of a Liquid Marble
In this study, we present for the first time the observations of a freezing liquid marble. In the experiment, liquid marbles are gently placed on the cold side of a Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC) and the morphological changes are recorded and characterized thereafter. These liquid marbles are noticed to undergo a shape transition from a spherical to a flying-saucer shaped morphology. The freezing dynamics of liquid marbles is observed to be very different from that of a freezing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface. For example, the pointy tip appearing on a frozen water drop could not be observed for a frozen liquid marble. In the end, we highlight a possible explanation for the observed morphology.
Ali Hashmi; Adam Strauss; Jie Xu
Method for treating liquid wastes
The method of treating liquid waste in a media is accomplished by exposing the media to phosphinimines and sequestering {sup 99}Tc from the media by the phosphinimine (PN) functionalities. The system for treating the liquid waste in the media includes extraction of {sup 99}TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} from aqueous solutions into organic solvents or mixed organic/polar media, extraction of {sup 99}Tc from solutions on a solid matrix by using a container containing PN functionalities on solid matrices including an inlet and outlet for allowing flow of media through an immobilized phosphinimine ligand system contained within the container. Also, insoluble suspensions of phosphinimine functionalities on solid matrices in liquid solutions or present on supported liquid membranes (SLM) can be used to sequester {sup 99}Tc from those liquids. 6 figs.
Katti, K.V.; Volkert, W.A.; Singh, P.; Ketring, A.R.
The method of treating liquid waste in a media is accomplished by exposing the media to phosphinimines and sequestering .sup.99 Tc from the media by the phosphinimine (PN) functionalities. The system for treating the liquid waste in the media includes extraction of .sup.99 TcO.sub.4.sup.- from aqueous solutions into organic solvents or mixed organic/polar media, extraction of .sup.99 Tc from solutions on a solid matrix by using a container containing PN functionalities on solid matrices including an inlet and outlet for allowing flow of media through an immobilized phosphinimine ligand system contained within the container. Also, insoluble suspensions of phosphinimine functionalities on solid matrices in liquid solutions or present on supported liquid membranes (SLM) can be used to sequester .sup.99 Tc from those liquids.
Katti, Kattesh V. (Columbia, MO); Volkert, Wynn A. (Columbia, MO); Singh, Prahlad (Columbia, MO); Ketring, Alan R. (Columbia, MO)
Information Technology: American National Standard for
Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format Publication 500-245 Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, & Scar Mark & Tattoo (SMT) Information Sponsored by Information Technology
Information Technology: American National Standard for Information
Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format-271 Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format for the Interchange Sponsored by Information Access Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards
Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format 500-275 Information Technology: American National Standard for Information Systems-- Data Format Coleman, and Patrice Yuh, Editors Sponsored by Information Access Division Information Technology
Heart Healthy Home Cooking African American Style
Heart Healthy Home Cooking African American Style With Every Heartbeat Is Life #12;#12;Heart Recipe Substitutions for Heart Healthy Cooking at the heart of African American family life and special celebrations. This recipe book brings together many
Bandettini, Peter A.
American Range: Order (2014-CE-23006)
DOE ordered American Range Corporation to pay a $8,000 civil penalty after finding American Range had failed to certify that certain models of cooking products comply with the applicable energy conservation standards.
American Valve: Order (2010-CW-1411)
DOE ordered American Valve, Inc. to pay a $5,000 civil penalty after finding American Valve had failed to certify that certain showerhead models comply with the applicable water conservation standards.
The Puzzle of Hypertension in African-Americans56 Scientific American February 1999 The Puzzle of
The Puzzle of Hypertension in African-Americans56 Scientific American February 1999 The Puzzle of Hypertension in African-Americans by Richard S. Cooper, Charles N. Rotimi and Ryk Ward N early all Americans undergo a steady rise in blood pressure with age. Almost 25 percent cross the line into hypertension
Fraden, Seth
Shearing Flows in Liquid Crystal Models
The liquid crystal phase is a phase of matter between the solid and liquid phase whose flow is characterized by a velocity field and a director field which describes locally the orientation of the liquid crystal. In this ...
Dorn, Timothy
An air line carries air at 800 kPa and 80C. An Air line ~ O O C insulated tank initially contains 20C air at a
An air line carries air at 800 kPa and 80°C. An Air line ~ O O C insulated tank initially contains 20°C air at a pressure of 90kPa. The valve is opened, and air flows into the tank. Determine the final temperature of the air in the tank and the mass of air that enters the tank if the valve is left
Huang, Haimei
Inhalation intake of ambient air pollution in California's South Coast Air Basin
the impacts on air pollution and health of urban areaas a proxy for air pollution health effects (Bennett etFuel combustion, air pollution exposure, and health: The
Marshall, Julian D.; Granvold, Patrick W.; Hoats, Abigail S.; McKone, Thomas E.; Deakin, Elizabeth; Nazaroff, William W.
Method of measuring a liquid pool volume
A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume and in particular molten titanium liquid pools, including the steps of (a) generating an ultrasonic wave at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, (b) shining a light on the surface of a molten metal liquid pool, (c) detecting a change in the frequency of light, (d) detecting an ultrasonic wave echo at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, and (e) computing the volume of the molten metal liquid.
Garcia, Gabe V. (Las Cruces, NM); Carlson, Nancy M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Donaldson, Alan D. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Vapor-liquid equilibria of hydrocarbons and fuel oxygenates. 2
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + 1-heptene, MTBE + four-component gasoline prototype, ethanol + four-component gasoline prototype, and separately MTBE and ethanol with the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Gasoline Blend A are reported. Small additions of MTBE have a very small effect on the total equilibrium pressure of this gasoline blend, and at most temperatures will decrease this pressure. In contrast, small additions of ethanol to this gasoline blend result in a significant increase in the equilibrium pressure at all temperatures. Analysis shows that the vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the MTBE-containing systems are easily correlated using a modified Peng-Robinson equation of state with conventional van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules. Data for mixtures containing ethanol cannot be accurately correlated in this way.
Bennett, A.; Lamm, S.; Orbey, H.; Sandler, S.I. (Univ. of Delaware, Newark (United States))
Micropyrolyzer for chemical analysis of liquid and solid samples
A micropyrolyzer has applications to pyrolysis, heated chemistry, and thermal desorption from liquid or solid samples. The micropyrolyzer can be fabricated from semiconductor materials and metals using standard integrated circuit technologies. The micropyrolyzer enables very small volume samples of less than 3 microliters and high sample heating rates of greater than 20.degree. C. per millisecond. A portable analyzer for the field analysis of liquid and solid samples can be realized when the micropyrolyzer is combined with a chemical preconcentrator, chemical separator, and chemical detector. Such a portable analyzer can be used in a variety of government and industrial applications, such as non-proliferation monitoring, chemical and biological warfare detection, industrial process control, water and air quality monitoring, and industrial hygiene.
Mowry, Curtis D. (Albuquerque, NM); Morgan, Catherine H. (Ann Arbor, MI); Manginell, Ronald P. (Albuquerque, NM); Frye-Mason, Gregory C. (Cedar Crest, NM)
Economic Impact of the American Clean Energy
Economic Impact of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 on the West Virginia Economy ........................................................................................................................ 1 American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This report examines the impact of the American Clean Energy
Mohaghegh, Shahab
American Studies Graduate Program Advisor Form
American Studies Graduate Program Advisor Form Thank you for your interest in the American Studies must first secure an advisor in order to be considered for admission. The first-year advisor can, American Studies is not in a position to assign faculty to serve as advisors. It is, therefore
Dyer, Bill
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY College of Arts and Science
: History of Ideas in America Culture and Thought in 20th Century America U.S. History I & II History of Law with the Bomb: America in the Nuclear Age American Decades: The 1930s (American Studies Course) American Culture in the Nuclear Age Contemporary Culture: Nuclear Culture Emergence of Modern America, 1877-1920 Historical
Lansky, Joshua
Continuous air agglomeration method for high carbon fly ash beneficiation
The carbon and mineral components of fly ash are effectively separated by a continuous air agglomeration method, resulting in a substantially carboree mineral stream and a highly concentrated carbon product. The method involves mixing the fly ash comprised of carbon and inorganic mineral matter with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a slurry, contacting the slurry with an aqueous solution, dispersing the hydrocarbon slurry into small droplets within the aqueous solution by mechanical mixing and/or aeration, concentrating the inorganic mineral matter in the aqueous solution, agglomerating the carbon and hydrocarbon in the form of droplets, collecting the droplets, separating the hydrocarbon from the concentrated carbon product, and recycling the hydrocarbon.
Gray, McMahon L. (Pittsburgh, PA); Champagne, Kenneth J. (Monongahela, PA); Finseth, Dennis H. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Renewable Liquid Fuels Reforming | Department of Energy
Renewable Liquid Fuels Reforming The Program anticipates that distributed reforming of biomass-derived liquid fuels could be commercial during the transition to hydrogen and used...
Singular Limits in Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystals
We investigate equilibrium configurations for a polymer stabilized liquid crys- tal material ... eling the cross section of the liquid crystal-polymer fiber composite.
Liquid Hydrogen Delivery - Strategic Directions for Hydrogen...
Liquid Hydrogen Delivery - Strategic Directions for Hydrogen Delivery Workshop Liquid Hydrogen Delivery - Strategic Directions for Hydrogen Delivery Workshop Targets, barriers and...
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Emergency Department Visits Jennifer L. Peel pollution and respiratory outcomes. More refined assessment has been limited by study size and available air quality data. Methods: Measurements of 5 pollutants (particulate matter PM10 , ozone, nitrogen dioxide NO2
Air Force Enhanced Use Lease
S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Headquarters U.S. Air Force 1 Air Force Enhanced Use Lease Mr. Brian Brown 16 Oct. 12 I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 2...
Environmental Aspects of Air Transportation
Innovation Center #12;2 Aviation and Climate #12;3 Combustion Products Commercial jet fuel is essentially FOR AIR TRANSPORTATIONCENTER FOR AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS RESEARCHSYSTEMS RESEARCH Metron Aviation GMU, and the process inside real engines is considerably more complex. Typical emission rates for jet aircraft (grams
in All We Do" I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e THINK GREEN, BUILD GREEN, Topics Air Force Energy Use Air Force Facility Energy Center Current RE...
Protective supplied breathing air garment
A breathing air garment is disclosed for isolating a wearer from hostile environments containing toxins or irritants includes a suit and a separate head protective enclosure or hood engaging a suit collar in sealing attachment. The hood and suit collar are cylindrically shaped and dimensioned to enable the wearer to withdraw his hands from the suit sleeves to perform manual tasks within the hood interior. Breathing air is supplied from an external air line with an air delivery hose attached to the hood interior. The hose feeds air into an annular halo-like fiber-filled plenum having spaced discharge orifices attached to the hood top wall. A plurality of air exhaust/check valves located at the suit extremities cooperate with the hood air delivery system to provide a cooling flow of circulating air from the hood throughout the suit interior. A suit entry seal provided on the suit rear torso panel permits access into the suit and is sealed with an adhesive sealing flap. 17 figs.
Childers, E.L.; Hortenau, E.F. von.
Haze Formation and Behavior in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes
Aqueous haze formation and behavior was studied in the liquid-liquid system tri-n-butyl phosphate in odorless kerosene and 3M nitric acid with uranyl nitrate and cesium nitrate representing the major solute and an impurity, respectively. A pulsed column, mixer-settler and centrifugal contactor were chosen to investigate the effect of different turbulence characteristics on the manifestation of haze since these contactors exhibit distinct mixing phenomena. The dispersive processes of drop coalescence and breakage, and water precipitation in the organic phase were observed to lead to the formation of haze drops of {approx}1 um in diameter. The interaction between the haze and primary drops of the dispersion was critical to the separation efficiency of the liquid-liquid extraction equipment. Conditions of high power input and spatially homogeneous mixing enabled the haze drops to become rapidly assimilated within the dispersion to maximize the scrub performance and separation efficiency of the equipment.
Arm, Stuart T.; Jenkins, J. A.
Testing of High Voltage Surge Protection Devices for Use in Liquid Argon TPC Detectors
In this paper we demonstrate the capability of high voltage varistors and gas discharge tube arrestors for use as surge protection devices in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. The insulating and clamping behavior of each type of device is characterized in air (room temperature), and liquid argon (90~K), and their robustness under high voltage and high energy surges in cryogenic conditions is verified. The protection of vulnerable components in liquid argon during a 150 kV high voltage discharge is also demonstrated. Each device is tested for argon contamination and light emission effects, and both are constrained to levels where no significant impact upon liquid argon time projection chamber functionality is expected. Both devices investigated are shown to be suitable for HV surge protection applications in cryogenic detectors.
J. Asaadi; J. M. Conrad; S. Gollapinni; B. J. P. Jones; H. Jostlein; J. M. St. John; T. Strauss; S. Wolbers; J. Zennamo
Dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy at the graphene�liquid interface
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful technique for the determination of the contact potential difference (CPD) between an atomic force microscope tip and a sample under ambient and vacuum conditions. However, for many energy storage and conversion systems, including graphene-based electrochemical capacitors, understanding electrochemical phenomena at the solid�liquid interface is paramount. Despite the vast potential to provide fundamental insight for energy storage materials at the nanoscale, KPFM has found limited applicability in liquid environments to date. Here, using dual harmonic (DH)-KPFM, we demonstrate CPD imaging of graphene in liquid. We find good agreement with measurements performed in air, highlighting the potential of DH-KPFM to probe electrochemistry at the graphene�liquid interface.
Collins, Liam; Rodriguez, Brian J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Kilpatrick, Jason I.; Weber, Stefan A. L. [Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland); Vlassiouk, Ivan V. [Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States); Tselev, Alexander; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V. [Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 (United States)
energy company opens American branch
and environmental science and policy departments at UC Davis, said she thinks it is wonderful that Ecostream is coming to the Sacramento area and that UC Davis is a prime location for research on sustainability. "Inenergy company opens American branch in West Sacramento Substainible energy
Lin, C.-Y. Cynthia
of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 ANSI S1.15-1997/Part 1 ANSIS1/15/11, 08:47:38 Reaffirmed by ANSI July 10, 2001 Reaffirmed by ANSI March 21, 2006 Reaffirmed by ANSI April 8, 2011 #12;The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the na- tional coordinator
Allen, Jont
North American Cross-Border
Consumption in USA and Canada 21 Figure 8: Electricity Export as a Fraction of Domestic Consumption in USANorth American Cross-Border Electricity Trade Ian M. Loomis Virginia Center for Coal and Energy ii List of Tables ii List of Figures 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 5 ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Air Leakage and Air Transfer Between Garage and Living Space
This research project focused on evaluation of air transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated air from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional zone pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house air leakage, the garage-to-house air leakage, and garage and house pressure relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and air tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house air leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed. For houses employing whole-house supply ventilation (positive pressure) or balanced ventilation (same pressure effect as the Baseline condition), adherence to the EPA Indoor airPLUS house-to-garage air sealing requirements should be sufficient to expect little to no garage-to-house air transfer.
Rudd, A.
Hydrophobic ionic liquids
Ionic liquids having improved properties for application in non-aqueous batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electroplating, catalysis and chemical separations are disclosed. Exemplary compounds have one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are either H; F; separate alkyl groups of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively, or joined together to constitute a unitary alkylene radical of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms forming a ring structure converging on N; or separate phenyl groups; and wherein the alkyl groups, alkylene radicals or phenyl groups may be substituted with electron withdrawing groups, preferably F--, Cl--, CF.sub.3 --, SF.sub.5 --, CF.sub.3 S--, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHS-- or (CF.sub.3).sub.3 CS--; and X.sup.- is a non-Lewis acid-containing polyatomic anion having a van der Waals volume exceeding 100 .ANG..sup.3.
Koch, Victor R. (Lincoln, MA); Nanjundiah, Chenniah (Lynn, MA); Carlin, Richard T. (Nashua, NH)
Ionic liquids having improved properties for application in non-aqueous batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electroplating, catalysis and chemical separations are disclosed. Exemplary compounds have one of the following formulas shown in a diagram wherein R{sub 1}, R{sub 2}, R{sub 3}, R{sub 4}, R{sub 5}, and R{sub 6} are either H; F; separate alkyl groups of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively, or joined together to constitute a unitary alkylene radical of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms forming a ring structure converging on N; or separate phenyl groups; and wherein the alkyl groups, alkylene radicals or phenyl groups may be substituted with electron withdrawing groups, preferably F-, Cl-, CF{sub 3}-, SF{sub 5}-, CF{sub 3}S-, (CF{sub 3}){sub 2}CHS- or (CF{sub 3}){sub 3}CS-; and X{sup {minus}} is a non-Lewis acid-containing polyatomic anion having a van der Waals volume exceeding 100 {angstrom}{sup 3}. 4 figs.
Koch, V.R.; Nanjundiah, C.; Carlin, R.T.
Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation Project Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) Project
Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation Project Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) Project Evaluating, Developing, and Delivering Air Quality Characterization Data to Environmental Public Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Network. The EPA is developing routinely available air quality information
Analysis of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System and Low Temperature Supply Air Conditioning System
This paper presents the principles and the characteristics of a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) and low temperature supply air system. DOAS is offered based on the demands of indoor air quality and the low temperature supply air system...
Guang, L.; Li, R.
AIR LECTURES HANDOUT 3 P Rhines 21 Feb 03 AIR: THE SMALL (AIR POLLUTION)
coal smoke in winter (home heating) with clear air, radiational cooling stratifies air SMOG- warm of Science Technology and Environment ( www.pcd.go.th ). Site Location SO2 SO2 * NO2 NO2 * CO (1hr) CO (1hr small for this fluid cleaning mechanism to work. It is the smallest particles that can reach
Molecular Simulation of Henry's Constant at Vapor-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Phase Richard J. Sadus
coexistence. 1. Introduction Henry's constant is a well-known measure of a solute's solubility in a particularMolecular Simulation of Henry's Constant at Vapor-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Phase Boundaries Richard to determine Henry's constant from the residual chemical potential at infinite dilution at the vapor-liquid
Sum frequency and second harmonic generation from the surface of a liquid microjet
The use of a liquid microjet as a possible source of interest for Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy is examined. We measured non-resonant SHG scattering patterns from the air/water interface of a microjet of pure water and observe a strong enhancement of the SHG signal for certain scattering angles. These enhancements can be explained by the optical properties and the shape of the liquid microjet. SFG experiments at the surface of a liquid microjet of ethanol in air show that it is also possible to measure the coherent vibrational SFG spectrum of the ethanol/air interface in this way. Our findings are useful for future far-UV or X-ray based nonlinear optical surface experiments on liquid jets. In addition, combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and SHG/SFG measurements are feasible, which will be very useful in improving our understanding of the molecular foundations of electrostatic and chemical surface properties and phenomena.
Smolentsev, Nikolay; Chen, Yixing; Roke, Sylvie, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Laboratory for Fundamental Biophotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering STI, �cole Polytechnique F�d�rale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland); Jena, Kailash C. [Laboratory for Fundamental Biophotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering STI, �cole Polytechnique F�d�rale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland); Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 (India); Brown, Matthew A. [Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Z�rich, CH-8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
INEEL AIR MODELING PROTOCOL ext
Various laws stemming from the Clean Air Act of 1970 and the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 require air emissions modeling. Modeling is used to ensure that air emissions from new projects and from modifications to existing facilities do not exceed certain standards. For radionuclides, any new airborne release must be modeled to show that downwind receptors do not receive exposures exceeding the dose limits and to determine the requirements for emissions monitoring. For criteria and toxic pollutants, emissions usually must first exceed threshold values before modeling of downwind concentrations is required. This document was prepared to provide guidance for performing environmental compliance-driven air modeling of emissions from Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory facilities. This document assumes that the user has experience in air modeling and dose and risk assessment. It is not intended to be a "cookbook," nor should all recommendations herein be construed as requirements. However, there are certain procedures that are required by law, and these are pointed out. It is also important to understand that air emissions modeling is a constantly evolving process. This document should, therefore, be reviewed periodically and revised as needed. The document is divided into two parts. Part A is the protocol for radiological assessments, and Part B is for nonradiological assessments. This document is an update of and supersedes document INEEL/INT-98-00236, Rev. 0, INEEL Air Modeling Protocol. This updated document incorporates changes in some of the rules, procedures, and air modeling codes that have occurred since the protocol was first published in 1998.
C. S. Staley; M. L. Abbott; P. D. Ritter
Tables 2.0.2a 2.0.2b PAGE Air Leakage Through Sash/FrameOperation Types . . . . . Air Leakage of Installed WindowsComparison of Window Types Air Leakage Performance of
Weidt, John
Air movement preferences observed in office buildings
Movement � Good or Bad? Indoor Air 14: 40-45. Toftum, J (Quality Survey. Indoor Air 14 (8): 65�74. Internationalon the Perception of Indoor Air Quality during Immediate and
Compressed Air 101: Getting Compressed Air to Work
plant energy use. Furthermore, air compression is inefficient with up to 95% of compressor power dissipated as heat. Thus even minor improvements in system operation, control strategies, and efficiency can yield large energy savings and significant non-energy...
Burke, J. J.; Bessey, E. G.
Air pollution kills. So what? Air quality engineering to improve public health
9/14/12 1 Air pollution kills. So what? Air quality engineering to improve public health;9/14/12 2 Air Quality Engineering H Air Quality Engineering H #12;9/14/12 3 Really? Air pollution running out of coffins and florists were running out of flowers. -- BBC #12;9/14/12 4 Air pollution
Air Leakage of Furnaces and Air Handlers Iain S. Walker, Mike Lubliner, Darryl Dickerhoff,
Air Leakage of Furnaces and Air Handlers of California. #12;1 Air Leakage of Furnaces and Air Handlers Iain S. Walker, LBNL Mike Lubliner, Washington been made in reducing air leakage in residential and to a lesser extent small commercial forced air
U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps
U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Mission Develop Quality Leaders for the Air Force. Personnel and Resources Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) includes four,796 new Second Lieutenants who entered active duty in the United States Air Force. Organization Air Force
Su, Xiao
WearAir: Expressive T-shirts for Air Quality Sensing Sunyoung Kim and Eric Paulos
are less proactively concerned with air quality. AIR POLLUTANT: VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Different types of air pollutants contribute to air quality in different locations: Ozone, CO, NOx and VOCs are major contributors to outdoor air pollution; and particulate matters, VOCs, carbon monoxide and lead are common air
CSP Tower Air Brayton Combustor
This fact sheet describes a concentrating solar power tower air Brayton combustor project awarded under the DOE's 2012 SunShot CSP R&D award program. The team, led by the Southwest Research Institute, is working to develop an external combustor that allows for the mixing of CSP-heated air with natural gas in hybridized power plants. This project aims to increase the temperature capabilities of the CSP tower air receiver and gas turbine to 1,000�C and achieve energy conversion efficiencies greater than 50%.
Inertial impaction air sampling device
An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.
Dewhurst, K.H.
An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Dewhurst, Katharine H. (13150 Wenonah SE. Apt. 727, Albuquerque, NM 87123)
An inertial impactor is designed which is to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air. The device may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.
The investigation of exhaust powered, automotive air cycle air conditioning
domestic automobiles and trucks because of its proven success. This system requires approximately 4 hp (2. 983 kW)[3] for operation snd employs a pressurized fluorinated hydrocarbon (R-12), hereafter fluorocarbon, as a refrigerant. Most of the research... extraction and avoid the use of a fluorocarbon refrigerant. The maJority of work involved with the new units has associated itself in the area of utilizing an absorption cycle or air cycle. The absorption air conditioning unit differs significantly from...
Holley, James Andrew
Calculate viscosities for 355 liquids
Liquid viscosities are important factors in process design and operation. The viscosity of a liquid determines its flow properties, such as velocity and pressure drop. In addition, the heat- and mass-transfer characteristics of a liquid are affected by its viscosity. An equation can be used to calculate liquid viscosities as a function of temperature. In the accompanying table, regression coefficients are included for 355 compounds with five, six or seven carbon atoms--generally the most-widely used in the chemical and petroleum industries. To calculate the viscosity of a liquid at any temperature between its melting and critical points (T[sub min] and T[sub max]), use the following equation: log[sub 10] [eta][sub liq] = A + B/T + CT + DT[sup 2] where [eta][sub liq] = viscosity, cP, A,B,C and D = regression coefficients, and T = liquid temperature, K. Insert the temperature into the equation along with the corresponding regression coefficients from the table. The chemical formulae are listed by the number of carbon atoms.
Yaws, C.L.; Lin, Xiaoyan; Li Bu (Lamar Univ., TX (United States))
Adaptive Liquid Crystal Windows
Energy consumption by private and commercial sectors in the U.S. has steadily grown over the last decade. The uncertainty in future availability of imported oil, on which the energy consumption relies strongly, resulted in a dramatic increase in the cost of energy. About 20% of this consumption are used to heat and cool houses and commercial buildings. To reduce dependence on the foreign oil and cut down emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to eliminate losses and reduce total energy consumption by buildings. To achieve this goal it is necessary to redefine the role of the conventional windows. At a minimum, windows should stop being a source for energy loss. Ideally, windows should become a source of energy, providing net gain to reduce energy used to heat and cool homes. It is possible to have a net energy gain from a window if its light transmission can be dynamically altered, ideally electronically without the need of operator assistance, providing optimal control of the solar gain that varies with season and climate in the U.S. In addition, the window must not require power from the building for operation. Resolution of this problem is a societal challenge and of national interest and will have a broad global impact. For this purpose, the year-round, allclimate window solution to provide an electronically variable solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) with a wide dynamic range is needed. AlphaMicron, Inc. (AMI) developed and manufactured 1ft � 1ft prototype panels for the world�s first auto-adjusting Adaptive Liquid Crystal Windows (ALCWs) that can operate from sunlight without the need for external power source and demonstrate an electronically adjustable SHGC. This novel windows are based on AlphaMicron�s patented e-Tint� technology, a guesthost liquid crystal system implemented on flexible, optically clear plastic films. This technology is suitable both for OEM and aftermarket (retro-fitting) lamination to new and existing windows. Low level of power consumption by ALCWs allows for on-board power electronics for automatic matching of transmission through windows to varying climate conditions without drawing the power from the power grid. ALCWs are capable of transmitting more sunlight in winters to assist in heating and less sunlight in summers to minimize overheating. As such, they can change the window from being a source of energy loss to a source of energy gain. In addition, the scalable AMI�s roll-to-roll process, proved by making 1ft � 1ftALCW prototype panels, allows for cost-effective production of large-scale window panels along with capability to change easily their color and shape. In addition to architectural glazing in houses and commercial buildings, ALCWs can be used in other applications where control of sunlight is needed, such as green houses, used by commercial produce growers and botanical gardens, cars, aircrafts, etc.
Taheri, Bahman; Bodnar, Volodymyr
Integrated Technology Air Cleaners (ITAC): Design and Evaluation
of particle air filtration technologies." Indoor Air 12(4):2011a). New air cleaning technologies for reduced commercialnumber 2 Integrated technology air cleaner High efficiency
Fisk, William J.
Reference Inside KS1992 Tray Inside Air
Reference Inside KS1992 0.2 Tray Inside Air 0.5 Tray Inside Air 0.8 Tray Inside Air 0.2 Tray Side Wall Inner 0.2 Tray Side Wall Inner Under TAMP near sensor pos4 Under TAMP near sensor pos4 Air Gap Below TDIG pos1 Air Gap Below TDIG pos4 Air Gap Below TDIG pos6 HPTDC1 Chip pos6 HPTDC4 Chip pos6 HPTDC2
Llope, William J.
Work is being performed to develop a new shipping system for frozen environmental samples (or other materials) that uses an optimal phase change liquid (PCL) formulation and an insulated shipping container with an on-board digital temperature data logger to provide a history of the temperature profile within the container during shipment. In previous work, several PCL formulations with temperatures of fusion ranging from approximately -14 to -20 C were prepared and evaluated. Both temperature of fusion and heat of fusion of the formulations were measured, and an optimal PCL formulation was selected. The PCL was frozen in plastic bags and tested for its temperature profile in a cooler using a digital temperature data logger. This testing showed that the PCL formulation can maintain freezer temperatures (< -7 to -20 C) for an extended period, such as the time for shipping samples by overnight courier. The results of the experiments described in this report provide significant information for use in developing an integrated freezer system that uses a PCL formulation to maintain freezer temperatures in coolers for shipping environmental samples to the laboratory. Experimental results show the importance of the type of cooler used in the system and that use of an insulating material within the cooler improves the performance of the freezer system. A new optimal PCL formulation for use in the system has been determined. The new formulation has been shown to maintain temperatures at < -7 to -20 C for 47 hours in an insulated cooler system containing soil samples. These results are very promising for developing the new technology.
Susan S. Sorini; John F. Schabron
Extremely Correlated Fermi Liquids B. Sriram Shastry
Extremely Correlated Fermi Liquids B. Sriram Shastry Physics Department, University of California the theory of an extremely correlated Fermi liquid with U ! 1. This liquid has an underlying auxiliary Fermi liquid Green's function that is further caparisoned by extreme correlations. The theory leads to two
California at Santa Cruz, University of
The early American motion picture industry: promoting American cultural hegemony
: CULTURAL IMPERIALISM? Introduction Film as imperialism? Technology Cultural Imperialism Economic Trends Conclusion 67 67 69 72 74 79 81 Vl THE ADVENT OF SOUND 85 Introduction Europe Conclusion 85 95 99 VII CONCLUDING COMMENTS 100... classical imperialism to a new category of international exportation founded on the products of the second industrial revolution: steel, the internal combusion [sic] engine and electricity ? including motion pictures" (1980, 81). However, American...
Wier, Theresa Joanne
The Status of Indoor Air Pollution Research 1976. GeometNovakov, T. : Formation of Pollution Particulate NitrogenGENERATED INDOOR AIR POLLUTION Dr. C. D. Hollowell, Dr. R.
Stochastic Microenvironment Models for Air Pollution Exposure
human exposure to air pollution." SIMS Technical Report No.human exposure to air pollution." Environment International.Annual Meeting of the A i r Pollution Control Association,
Naihua Duan
Colorado Air Pollution Control Division - Construction Permits...
Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Web Site: Colorado Air Pollution Control Division - Construction Permits Forms and Air Pollutant Emission...
Commercialization of Coal-to-Liquids Technology
The report provides an overview of the current status of coal-to-liquids (CTL) commercialization efforts, including an analysis of efforts to develop and implement large-scale, commercial coal-to-liquids projects to create transportation fuels. Topics covered include: an overview of the history of coal usage and the current market for coal; a detailed description of what coal-to-liquids technology is; the history of coal-to-liquids development and commercial application; an analysis of the key business factors that are driving the increased interest in coal-to-liquids; an analysis of the issues and challenges that are hindering the commercialization of coal-to-liquids technology; a review of available coal-to-liquids technology; a discussion of the economic drivers of coal-to-liquids project success; profiles of key coal-to-liquids developers; and profiles of key coal-to-liquids projects under development.
Conventional 3D printings are generally time-consuming and printable metal inks are rather limited. From an alternative way, we proposed a liquid phase 3D printing for quickly making metal objects. Through introducing metal alloys whose melting point is slightly above room temperature as printing inks, several representative structures spanning from one, two and three dimension to more complex patterns were demonstrated to be quickly fabricated. Compared with the air cooling in a conventional 3D printing, the liquid-phase-manufacturing offers a much higher cooling rate and thus significantly improves the speed in fabricating metal objects. This unique strategy also efficiently prevents the liquid metal inks from air oxidation which is hard to avoid otherwise in an ordinary 3D printing. Several key physical factors (like properties of the cooling fluid, injection speed and needle diameter, types and properties of the printing ink, etc.) were disclosed which would evidently affect the printing quality. In addition, a basic route to make future liquid phase 3D printer incorporated with both syringe pump and needle arrays was also suggested. The liquid phase 3D printing method, which owns potential values not available in a conventional modality, opens an efficient way for quickly making metal objects in the coming time.
Lei Wang; Jing Liu
Core-softened Fluids, Water-like Anomalies and the Liquid-Liquid Critical Points
. INTRODUCTION Water is characterized by well-known thermodynamic and kinetic liquid-state anomalies; for examplePREPRINT Core-softened Fluids, Water-like Anomalies and the Liquid-Liquid Critical Points Evy simulations are used to examine the relationship between water-like anoma- lies and the liquid-liquid critical
Barbosa, Marcia C. B.
Respiratory survey of North American Indian children living in proximity to an aluminum smelter
We explored the relationship of respiratory symptoms and lung function to exposure to ambient air pollution consisting of particulate and gaseous fluorides. The subjects were 253 North American Indian children 11 to 17 yr of age living on the Akwasasne reserve, which is adjacent to an aluminum smelter. Among boys, closing volume (CV/VC%) was increased in those raised closest to the smelter as opposed to those having lived most of their lives farthest from this source of air pollution. In both sexes, there was a significant linear relationship between increasing CV/VC% and the amount of fluoride contained in a spot urine sample. We conclude that exposure to fluoride air pollution in the community may be associated with abnormalities in small airways. The implication of these abnormalities for future respiratory health is unknown.
Ernst, P.; Thomas, D.; Becklake, M.R.
Kansas Air Quality Regulations (Kansas)
All new air contaminant emission sources or alterations to emission sources that are required to be reported shall be in compliance with all applicable emission control regulations at the time that...
Kansas Air Quality Act (Kansas)
No person shall construct, own, operate, install, alter or use any air contaminant emission stationary source which, in accordance with rules and regulations, the secretary finds may cause or...
Missouri Air Conservation Law (Missouri)
This law's purpose is to maintain the purity of the air resources of the state to protect the health, general welfare and physical property of the people, maximum employment and the full industrial...
Optimization of Air Conditioning Cycling
on a 3-ton residential air conditioner are then presented to intuitively understand the effect of expansion valve and evaporator fan cycling in a real system. A real time optimization method is explored and the feasibility, recommendations for a...
Seshadri, Swarooph
Computer Room Fresh Air Cooling
This paper discusses the concept of a computer room fresh air cooling system with evaporative humidification. The system offers significantly lower energy consumption than conventional cooling units, with 24% reduction for Dallas and 56% reduction...
Wenger, J. D.
Nanophosphor composite scintillator with a liquid matrix
An improved nanophosphor scintillator liquid comprises nanophosphor particles in a liquid matrix. The nanophosphor particles are optionally surface modified with an organic ligand. The surface modified nanophosphor particle is essentially surface charge neutral, thereby preventing agglomeration of the nanophosphor particles during dispersion in a liquid scintillator matrix. The improved nanophosphor scintillator liquid may be used in any conventional liquid scintillator application, including in a radiation detector.
McKigney, Edward Allen (Los Alamos, NM); Burrell, Anthony Keiran (Los Alamos, NM); Bennett, Bryan L. (Los Alamos, NM); Cooke, David Wayne (Santa Fe, NM); Ott, Kevin Curtis (Los Alamos, NM); Bacrania, Minesh Kantilal (Los Alamos, NM); Del Sesto, Rico Emilio (Los Alamos, NM); Gilbertson, Robert David (Los Alamos, NM); Muenchausen, Ross Edward (Los Alamos, NM); McCleskey, Thomas Mark (Los Alamos, NM)
Compressed Air Audits using AIRMaster
&M measures. An introduction to the AIRMaster software is provided. Goals The project goals were to develop and test a method and tools to perform Compressed Air System audits. The audits should use only simple instrumentation during a relatively short... air system leaks. 2. AIRMaster Software and User's Manual. AIRMaster is a spreadsheet-based program that can model part load system operation with up to five rotary screw and reciprocating compressors operating simultaneously with varying...
Wheeler, G. M.; McGill, R. D.; Bessey, E. G.; Vischer, K.
Optimising the Fresh Air Economiser
, S., ?Economizers in Air Handling Systems?, CED Engineering Course M01-014, Stony Point New York, 2000. Moser, D., ?Free Cooling: Don?t Let Savings Slip Away?, Portland Energy Conservation Inc., published in Building Operating Management.... New Zealand, Standard NZS 4303:1990, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington. Portland Energy Conservation Inc., from Functional Testing Guide on website: (http...
Biship, R.
Small Break Air Ingress Experiment
The small break air-ingress experiment, described in this report, is designed to investigate air-ingress phenomena postulated to occur in pipes in a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTRs). During this experiment, air-ingress rates were measured for various flow and break conditions through small holes drilled into a pipe of the experimental apparatus. The holes were drilled at right angles to the pipe wall such that a direction vector drawn from the pipe centerline to the center of each hole was at right angles with respect to the pipe centerline. Thus the orientation of each hole was obtained by measuring the included angle between the direction vector of each hole with respect to a reference line anchored on the pipe centerline and pointing in the direction of the gravitational force. Using this reference system, the influence of several important parameters on the air ingress flow rate were measured including break orientation, break size, and flow velocity . The approach used to study the influence of these parameters on air ingress is based on measuring the changes in oxygen concentrations at various locations in the helium flow circulation system as a function of time using oxygen sensors (or detectors) to estimate the air-ingress rates through the holes. The test-section is constructed of a stainless steel pipe which had small holes drilled at the desired locations.
Chang Oh; Eung Soo Kim
Commercial-Scale Demonstration of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LOMEOH(TM)) Process
The Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOEP") Demonstration Project at K.ingsport, Tennessee, is a $213.7 million cooperative agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Air Products Liquid Phase Conversion Company, L, P. (the Partnership). The LPMEOHY Process Demonstration Unit is being built at a site located at the Eastman Chemical Company (Eastman) complex in Kingsport. On 4 October 1994, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products) and signed the agreements that would form the Partnership, secure the demonstration site, and provide the financial commitment and overall project management for the project. These partnership agreements became effective on 15 March 1995, when DOE authorized the commencement of Budget Period No. 2 (Mod. AO08 to the Cooperative Agreement). The Partnership has subcontracted with Air Products to provide the overall management of the project, and to act as the primary interface with DOE. As subcontractor to the Partnership, Air Products will also provide the engineering design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of the LPMEOHTM Process Demonstration Unit, and will provide the technical and engineering supervision needed to conduct the operational testing program required as part of the project. As subcontractor to Air Products, Eastman will be responsible for operation of the LPMEOHTM Process Demonstration Unit, and for the interconnection and supply of synthesis gas, utilities, product storage, and other needed sewices. The project involves the construction of an 80,000 gallons per day (260 tons-per-day (TPD)) methanol unit utilizing coal-derived synthesis gas fi-om Eastman's integrated coal gasification facility. The new equipment consists of synthesis gas feed preparation and compression facilities, the liquid phase reactor and auxiliaries, product distillation facilities, and utilities. The technology to be demonstrated is the product of a cooperative development effort by Air Products and DOE in a program that started in 1981. Developed to enhance electric power generation using integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, the LPMEOHTM process is ideally suited for directly processing gases produced by modern day coal gasifiers. Originally tested at a small 3,200 gallons per day, DOE-owned experimental unit in LaPorte, Texas, the technology provides several improvements essential for the economic coproduction of methanol and electricity directly from gasified coal. This liquid phase process suspends fine catalyst particles in an inert liquid, forming a slurry. The slurry dissipates the heat of the chemical reaction away from the catalyst surface, protecting the catalyst and allowing the methanol synthesis reaction to proceed at higher rates.
American Photovoltaics | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORT Americium/Curium VitrificationAltensol Jump to:Ambient Logo: American
Method and apparatus for measuring coupled flow, transport, and reaction processes under liquid unsaturated flow conditions
The present invention is a method and apparatus for measuring coupled flow, transport and reaction processes under liquid unsaturated flow conditions. The method and apparatus of the present invention permit distinguishing individual precipitation events and their effect on dissolution behavior isolated to the specific event. The present invention is especially useful for dynamically measuring hydraulic parameters when a chemical reaction occurs between a particulate material and either liquid or gas (e.g. air) or both, causing precipitation that changes the pore structure of the test material.
McGrail, Bernard P. (Pasco, WA); Martin, Paul F. (Richland, WA); Lindenmeier, Clark W. (Richland, WA)
Influence of entrapped air pockets on hydraulic transients in water pipelines
The pressure variations associated with a filling undulating pipeline containing an entrapped air pocket are investigated both experimentally and numerically. The influence of entrapped air on abnormal transient pressures is often ambiguous since the compressibility of the air pocket permits the liquid flow to accelerate but also partly cushions the system, with the balance of these tendencies being associated with the initial void fraction of the air pocket. Earlier experimental research involved systems with an initial void fraction greater than 5.8%; this paper focuses on initial void fractions ranging from 0% to 10%, in order to more completely characterize the transient response. Experimental results show that the maximum pressure increases and then decreases as the initial void fraction decreases. A simplified model is developed by neglecting the liquid inertia and energy loss of a short water column near the air-water interface. Comparisons of the calculated and observed results show the model is able to accurately predict peak pressures as a function of void fraction and filling conditions. Rigid water column models, however, perform poorly with small void fractions.
Zhou, Ling [Hohai University, China; Liu, Prof. Deyou [Hohai University, China; Karney, Professor Byran W. [University of Toronto; Zhang, Qin Fen [ORNL
Commercial-Scale Demonstration of the Liquid Phase methanol (LPMEOH) Process A DOE Assessment
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Program seeks to offer the energy marketplace more efficient and environmentally benign coal utilization technology options by demonstrating them in industrial settings. This document is a DOE post-project assessment (PPA) of one of the projects selected in Round III of the CCT Program, the commercial-scale demonstration of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH{trademark}) Process, initially described in a Report to Congress by DOE in 1992. Methanol is an important, large-volume chemical with many uses. The desire to demonstrate a new process for the production of methanol from coal, prompted Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products) to submit a proposal to DOE. In October 1992, DOE awarded a cooperative agreement to Air Products to conduct this project. In March 1995, this cooperative agreement was transferred to Air Products Liquid Phase Conversion Company, L.P. (the Partnership), a partnership between Air Products and Eastman Chemical Company (Eastman). DOE provided 43 percent of the total project funding of $213.7 million. Operation of the LPMEOH Demonstration Unit, which is sited at Eastman's chemicals-from-coal complex in Kingsport, Tennessee, commenced in April 1997. Although operation of the CCT project was completed in December 2002, Eastman continues to operate the LPMEOH Demonstration Unit for the production of methanol. The independent evaluation contained herein is based primarily on information from Volume 2 of the project's Final Report (Air Products Liquid Phase Conversion Co., L.P. 2003), as well as other references cited.
National Energy Technology Laboratory
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in thin liquid trilayer films
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Experiments by Dickey et al. [Langmuir, 22, 4315 (2006)] and Leach et al. [Chaos, 15, 047506 (2005)] show that novel pillar shapes can be generated from electrohydrodynamic instabilities at the interfaces of thin polymer/polymer/air trilayer films. In this paper, we use linear stability analysis to investigate the effect of free charge and ac electric fields on the stability of trilayer systems. Our work is also motivated by our recent theoretical study [J. Fluid Mech., 631, 255 (2009)] which demonstrates how ac electric fields can be used to increase control over the pillar formation process in thin liquid bilayer films. For perfect dielectric films, the effect of an AC electric field can be understood by considering an equivalent DC field. Leaky dielectric films yield pillar configurations that are drastically different from perfect dielectric films, and AC fields can be used to control the location of free charge within the trilayer system. This can alter the pillar instability modes and generate smaller diameter pillars when conductivities are mismatched. The results presented here may be of interest for the creation of complex topographical patterns on polymer coatings and in microelectronics.
Roberts, Scott A. [Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Kumar, Satish [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
American racism and African diplomats: race and American Cold War policy in West Africa
American society. The interconnectedness between Cold War ideology and civil rights increased during the 1960s. Cold War tensions escalated and the American government became increasingly concerned about the effect of racial strife on the country's image...
Oriabure, Stephannie Ebhota
Cold War love : producing American liberalism in interracial marriages between American soldiers and Japanese women
Justice: Americanization of Japanese War Crimes at the Endof the Post-Cold War. � Journal of Asian American Studies256. Berry, Nicholas O. War and the Red Cross: The Unspoken
Tsuchiya, Tomoko
The African-American house as a vehicle of discovery for an African-American architecture
The purpose of this research is three-fold: (1) This thesis seeks to uncover evidence of a distinctly African-American architectural form. The primary building type observed will be the house, or the housing of African-Americans ...
Clarke, Charles E. (Charles Edward)
Liquid-phase chromatography detector
A liquid-phase chromatography detector comprises a flow cell having an inlet tubular conduit for receiving a liquid chromatographic effluent and discharging it as a flowing columnar stream onto a vertically adjustable receiving surface spaced apart from and located vertically below and in close proximity to the discharge end of the tubular conduit; a receiver adapted to receive liquid overflowing from the receiving surface; an exit conduit for continuously removing liquid from the receiver; a light source for focusing fluorescence-producing light pulses on the flowing columnar stream as it passes from the outlet of the conduit to the receiving surface and a fluorescence detector to detect the produced fluorescence; a source of light pulse for producing acoustic waves in the columnar stream as it passes from the conduit outlet to the receiving surface; and a piezoelectric transducer adapted to detect those waves; and a source of bias voltage applied to the inlet tubular conduit and adapted to produce ionization of the liquid flowing through the flow cell so as to produce photocurrents therein and an electrical system to detect and record the photocurrents. This system is useful in separating and detecting individual chemical compounds from mixtures thereof. 5 figs.
Voigtman, E.G.; Winefordner, J.D.; Jurgensen, A.R.
Exploring the concept of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns at shallow depth: A modeling study of air tightness and energy balance
This paper presents a numerical modeling study of coupled thermodynamic, multiphase fluid flow and heat transport associated with underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. Specifically, we explored the concept of using concrete lined caverns at a relatively shallow depth for which constructing and operational costs may be reduced if air tightness and stability can be assured. Our analysis showed that the key parameter to assure long-term air tightness in such a system was the permeability of both the concrete lining and the surrounding rock. The analysis also indicated that a concrete lining with a permeability of less than 1�10{sup -18} m{sup 2} would result in an acceptable air leakage rate of less than 1%, with the operational pressure range between 5 and 8 MPa at a depth of 100 m. It was further noted that capillary retention properties and the initial liquid saturation of the lining were very important. Indeed, air leakage could be effectively prevented when the air-entry pressure of the concrete lining is higher than the operational air pressure and when the lining is kept moist at a relatively high liquid saturation. Our subsequent energy-balance analysis demonstrated that the energy loss for a daily compression and decompression cycle is governed by the air-pressure loss, as well as heat loss by conduction to the concrete liner and surrounding rock. For a sufficiently tight system, i.e., for a concrete permeability off less than 1�10{sup -18} m{sup 2}, heat loss by heat conduction tends to become proportionally more important. However, the energy loss by heat conduction can be minimized by keeping the air-injection temperature of compressed air closer to the ambient temperature of the underground storage cavern. In such a case, almost all the heat loss during compression is gained back during subsequent decompression. Finally, our numerical simulation study showed that CAES in shallow rock caverns is feasible from a leakage and energy efficiency viewpoint. Our numerical approach and energy analysis will next be applied in designing and evaluating the performance of a planned full-scale pilot test of the proposed underground CAES concept.
Kim, H.-M.; Rutqvist, J.; Ryu, D.-W.; Choi, B.-H.; Sunwoo, C.; Song, W.-K.
Determination of the pressure at the gas-liquid interface using acoustic speed measurements
. The density can be expressed with the use of the real gas law. This yields BP = ? (g/gc) *dz*P*M/(144*Z*R*T) BP = ? (g/gc) *dz*P*SG*MAIR/(144*Z*R*T) (26) 21 where: SG MAIR specific gravity of gas. (air= 1. 0), Molecular weight of air, 28. 966...DETERMINATION OF THE PRESSURE AT THE GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE USING ACOUSTIC SPEED MEASUREMENTS A Thesis by DAG GUSTAV HEGGELUND Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree...
Heggelund, Dag Gustav
Visualization of effect of turbulators on local heat transfer distribution in a 180 degree turn with liquid crystals
Liquid crystal experiments have been conducted to study the turbulent heat transfer for fully developed flow of air in a two-pass square channel with two opposite walls roughened with parallel and cross arrays of full ribs and with V-shaped ribs...
Rajesh, Gopal
IMPACT OF BOUNDARY-LAYER CUTTING AND FLOW CONDITIONING ON FREE-SURFACE BEHAVIOR IN TURBULENT LIQUID dimension) = 1 cm into ambient air are compared with empirical correlations at a nearly prototypical term, for a well- conditioned jet but is not a substitute for well-designed flow conditioning. I
California at San Diego, University of
[Cu(I)(bpp)]BF4: the first extended coordination network prepared solvothermally in an ionic liquid solvent
, the two-dimensional net- work [Cu(bpp)]BF4 [bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane], pro- duced via and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) ligand. [bmim][BF4], as a room temperature ionic liquid, is air
Li, Jing
THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 492:804821, 1998 January 10 1998. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.(
THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 492:804�?821, 1998 January 10 1998. The American Astronomical Society to understanding the transport of magnetic �?ux across the solar convection zone. We conÐrm that a sufficient twist simula- tion are also observed in rising air bubbles, such as a central tail, and a skirt enveloping
Emonet, Thierry
Published: May 09, 2011 r 2011 American Chemical Society 5397 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp2010327 |J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 53975407
Published: May 09, 2011 r 2011 American Chemical Society 5397 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp2010327 |J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 53975407 ARTICLE pubs.acs.org/JPCA Comprehensive NO-Dependent Study of the Products Aromatic compounds play a key role in urban air pollution events. These largely anthropogenic compounds can
Elrod, Matthew J.
Air quality investigations of the Sandia National Laboratories Sol se Mete Aerial Cable Facility
The air quality implications of the test and evaluation activities at the Sandia National Laboratories Sol se Mete Aerial Cable Facility are examined. All facets of the activity that affect air quality are considered. Air contaminants produced directly include exhaust products of rocket motors used to accelerate test articles, dust and gas from chemical explosives, and exhaust gases from electricity generators in the test arenas. Air contaminants produced indirectly include fugitive dust and exhaust contaminants from vehicles used to transport personnel and material to the test area, and effluents produced by equipment used to heat the project buildings. Both the ongoing program and the proposed changes in the program are considered. Using a reliable estimate of th maximum annual testing level, the quantities of contaminants released by project activities ar computed either from known characteristics of test items or from EPA-approved emission factors Atmospheric concentrations of air contaminants are predicted using EPA dispersion models. The predicted quantities and concentrations are evaluated in relation to Federal, New Mexico, an Bernalillo County air quality regulations and the human health and safety standards of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Gutman, W.M.; Silver, R.J. [New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States). Physical Science Lab.
An application of a meteorological data assimilation system to an air quality simulation
The need to calculate air pollutant exposure metrics for longer time periods, i.e., seasonal and annual, has generated a need to conduct long-term simulations using regional-scale Eulerian air quality models. Hourly-resolved meteorological and micro-meteorological fields for an entire year are required as input to the air quality models. In this paper, the authors describe the application of a meteorological data assimilation system to provide high-quality fields to drive a regional air quality model. The process of assimilation blends multiple data sources (large-scale gridded data, surface and upper air observations, satellite imagery, and radar data) into a unified atmospheric representation. The authors have used an assimilation system developed at the Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms at the University of Oklahoma. The modeling domain covers most of North America and 1995 was chosen as the simulation year. The data used in the assimilation include the NCAR/NCEP global reanalysis fields combined with North American surface and radiosonde data. The authors will describe modifications made to the assimilation system to enable estimation of a number of air-quality related quantities not normally calculated, such as Monin-Obhukov length and friction velocity. While the system supports a state-of-the-art three-dimensional cloud and hydrometeor field analysis based on background fields, surface observations, satellite, and radar; a simpler approach was developed in this study to estimate cloud fractional coverage based on the gridded relative humidity values.
Moon, D.; Pai, P.
Transverse liquid fuel jet breakup, burning, and ignition
An analytical/numerical study of the breakup, burning, and ignition of liquid fuels injected transversely into a hot air stream is conducted. The non-reacting liquid jet breakup location is determined by the local sonic point criterion first proposed by Schetz, et al. (1980). Two models, one employing analysis of an elliptical jet cross-section and the other employing a two-dimensional blunt body to represent the transverse jet, have been used for sonic point calculations. An auxiliary criterion based on surface tension stability is used as a separate means of determining the breakup location. For the reacting liquid jet problem, a diffusion flame supported by a one-step chemical reaction within the gaseous boundary layer is solved along the ellipse surface in subsonic crossflow. Typical flame structures and concentration profiles have been calculated for various locations along the jet cross-section as a function of upstream Mach numbers. The integrated reaction rate along the jet cross-section is used to predict ignition position, which is found to be situated near the stagnation point. While a multi-step reaction is needed to represent the ignition process more accurately, the present calculation does yield reasonable predictions concerning ignition along a curved surface.
Li, H.
Oxidation Protection of Uranium Nitride Fuel using Liquid Phase Sintering
Two methods are proposed to increase the oxidation resistance of uranium nitride (UN) nuclear fuel. These paths are: (1) Addition of USi{sub x} (e.g. U3Si2) to UN nitride powder, followed by liquid phase sintering, and (2) 'alloying' UN nitride with various compounds (followed by densification via Spark Plasma Sintering or Liquid Phase Sintering) that will greatly increase oxidation resistance. The advantages (high thermal conductivity, very high melting point, and high density) of nitride fuel have long been recognized. The sodium cooled BR-10 reactor in Russia operated for 18 years on uranium nitride fuel (UN was used as the driver fuel for two core loads). However, the potential advantages (large power up-grade, increased cycle lengths, possible high burn-ups) as a Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel are offset by uranium nitride's extremely low oxidation resistance (UN powders oxidize in air and UN pellets decompose in hot water). Innovative research is proposed to solve this problem and thereby provide an accident tolerant LWR fuel that would resist water leaks and high temperature steam oxidation/spalling during an accident. It is proposed that we investigate two methods to increase the oxidation resistance of UN: (1) Addition of USi{sub x} (e.g. U{sub 3}Si{sub 2}) to UN nitride powder, followed by liquid phase sintering, and (2) 'alloying' UN nitride with compounds (followed by densification via Spark Plasma Sintering) that will greatly increase oxidation resistance.
Dr. Paul A. Lessing
Introduction Air Quality and Nitrogen Dioxide
- Global update 2005. Primary sources of air pollutants include combustion products from power generationIntroduction Air Quality and Nitrogen Dioxide Air pollution can be defined as "the presence effects to man and/or the environment". (DEFRA) "Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement
Air UCI Summer Training Program in Environmental
Air UCI Summer Training Program in Environmental Chemistry for Science Teachers I. July 11 July · Lectures by AirUCI faculty · Lab tours of AirUCI laboratories · Follow-up for several years Distribution Models and predictions. Syllabus: Lectures Every AirUCI faculty member is actively involved
Americans with Disabilities Act Signed (1990)
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) prohibits discrimination and ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, State and local government services, public...
the knowledge, science, and application of welding. Thomas J. Lienert of the Lab's Metallurgy group was inducted into the American Welding Society's 2012 Class of Fellows during...
Building America Research for the American Home
The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Building America program is helping to engineer American homes for better energy performance, durability, quality, affordability, and comfort.
The Smithsonian American Art Museum GATEWAY Demonstration
View the video about using LEDs in a GATEWAY demonstration at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, DC, including an interview with lighting designer Scott Rosenfeld.
American Energy and Manufacturing Competitiveness Summit
The American Energy and Manufacturing Competitiveness Summit will bring together leaders and perspectives from industry, government, academia, national laboratories, labor, and policy organizations...
Weatherization Formula Grants - American Recovery and Reinvestment...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Act of 2009 waprecoveryactfoa.pdf More Documents & Publications Microsoft Word - nDE-FOA-0000051.rtf Weatherization Formula Grants - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act...
American Valve: Proposed Penalty (2010-CW-1411)
DOE alleged in a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty that American Valve, Inc. failed to certify a variety of showerheads as compliant with the applicable water conservation standards.
2005 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry
The materials uploaded are meant to serve as final report on the funds provided by DOE-BES to help sponsor the 2005 American Conference on Theoretical Chemistry.
Carter, Emily A
Outlook for North American Natural Gas
North American Natural Gas For LDC Natural Gas Forum November 11, 2014 | Toronto, Ontario, Canada By Adam Sieminski, Administrator U.S. Energy Information Administration The...
New American Home 2011, Orlando, Florida (Brochure)
This brochure details the New American Home 2011, which demonstrates the use of innovative building materials, cutting-edge design, and the latest construction techniques.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): Reliability...
and winter and summer forecasts; monitors the bulk power systems; and educates, trains, and certifies industry personnel. North American Electric Reliability Corporation...
Fragmentation of suddenly heated liquids
Fragmentation of free liquids in Inertial Confinement Fusion reactors could determine the upper bound on reactor pulse rate. The x-ray ablated materials must cool and recondense to allow driver beam propagation. The increased surface area caused by fragmentation will enhance the cooling and condensation rates. Relaxation from the suddenly heated state will move a liquid into the negative pressure region under the liquid-vapor P-V dome. The lithium equation of state was used to demonstrate that neutron-induced vaporization uses only a minor fraction of the added heat, much less than would be required to drive the expansion. A 77% expansion of the lithium is required before the rapid vaporization process of spinodal decomposition could begin, and nucleation and growth are too slow to contribute to the expansion.
Blink, J.A.
Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Center for Latin American,
CLACLS Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Center for Latin American, Caribbean Psychology Ph.D. Program Quantitative Research Associate Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino, Caribbean and Latino Studies is a research institute that works for the advancement of the study of Latin
Rosen, Jay
CLACLS Center for Latin American, Caribbean & Latino Studies Center for Latin American, Caribbean - Report 56 - January 2014 #12;The Center for Latin American, Caribbean and Latino Studies is a research institute that works for the advancement of the study of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Latinos
Copyright American Museum of Natural History 2012 ISSN 0003-0082 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES
Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2012 ISSN 0003-0082 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NumberDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; 2Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém University, Washington, DC; 5Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia; 6Koninklijk Belgisch Insti- tuut voor
Richner, Heinz
Liquid soap film generates electricity
We have observed that a rotating liquid soap film generates electricity when placed between two non-contact electrodes with a sufficiently large potential difference. In our experiments suspended liquid film (water + soap film) is formed on the surface of a circular frame, which is forced to rotate in the $x-y$ horizontal plane by a motor. This system is located at the center of two capacitor-like vertical plates to apply an external electric voltage difference in the $x-$direction. The produced electric current is collected from the liquid film using two conducting electrodes that are separated in the $y-$direction. We previously reported that a liquid film in an external electric field rotates when an electric current passes through it, naming it the liquid film motor (LFM). In this paper we report a novel technique, in which a similar device can be used as an electric generator, converting the rotating mechanical energy to electrical energy. The liquid film electric generator (LFEG) is in stark contrast to the LFM, both of which could be designed similarly in very small scales like micro scales with different applications. Although the device is comparable to commercial electric motors or electric generators, there is a significant difference in their working principles. Usually in an electric motor or generator the magnetic field causes the driving force, while in a LFM or LFEG the Coulomb force is the driving force. This fact is also interesting from the Bio-science point of view and brings a similarity to bio motors. Here we have investigated the electrical characteristics of such a generator for the first time experimentally and modelled the phenomenon with electroconvection governing equations. A numerical simulation is performed using the local approximation for the charge-potential relation and results are in qualitative agreement with experiments.
Ahmad Amjadi; Sadegh Feiz; Reza Montazeri Namin
Native American Barbie: The Marketing of Euro-American Desires
have a story to tell. Nineteenth-century American notions of play were not intimately bound up with toys. The limited playthings that children did have were made in small local craft industries or constructed by either children themselves... or their fam ily members out of paper, wood, fabric, wrought iron, or tin. In these circum stances, activities for boys and girls mimicked the gender-specific behaviors of parents. Girls played at domestic and child-care tasks with dolls made to look like...
Schwarz, Maureen Trudelle
Cascade Reverse Osmosis Air Conditioning System: Cascade Reverse Osmosis and the Absorption Osmosis Cycle
BEETIT Project: Battelle is developing a new air conditioning system that uses a cascade reverse osmosis (RO)-based absorption cycle. Analyses show that this new cycle can be as much as 60% more efficient than vapor compression, which is used in 90% of air conditioners. Traditional vapor-compression systems use polluting liquids for a cooling effect. Absorption cycles use benign refrigerants such as water, which is absorbed in a salt solution and pumped as liquid�replacing compression of vapor. The refrigerant is subsequently separated from absorbing salt using heat for re-use in the cooling cycle. Battelle is replacing thermal separation of refrigerant with a more efficient reverse osmosis process. Research has shown that the cycle is possible, but further investment will be needed to reduce the number of cascade reverse osmosis stages and therefore cost.
Chapter 22: Compressed Air Evaluation Protocol
Compressed-air systems are used widely throughout industry for many operations, including pneumatic tools, packaging and automation equipment, conveyors, and other industrial process operations. Compressed-air systems are defined as a group of subsystems composed of air compressors, air treatment equipment, controls, piping, pneumatic tools, pneumatically powered machinery, and process applications using compressed air. A compressed-air system has three primary functional subsystems: supply, distribution, and demand. Air compressors are the primary energy consumers in a compressed-air system and are the primary focus of this protocol. The two compressed-air energy efficiency measures specifically addressed in this protocol are: high-efficiency/variable speed drive (VSD) compressor replacing modulating compressor; compressed-air leak survey and repairs. This protocol provides direction on how to reliably verify savings from these two measures using a consistent approach for each.
Benton, N.
Lessons learned in modeling Underfloor Air Distribution system
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta:for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (
Lee, Kwang Ho; Schiavon, Stefano; Webster, Tom; Bauman, Fred; Feng, Jingjuan; Hoyt, Tyler
Using LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs to estimate the absorbed dose to water in liquid water around an {sup 192}Ir brachytherapy source
Purpose: The absorbed dose to water is the fundamental reference quantity for brachytherapy treatment planning systems and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) have been recognized as the most validated detectors for measurement of such a dosimetric descriptor. The detector response in a wide energy spectrum as that of an{sup 192}Ir brachytherapy source as well as the specific measurement medium which surrounds the TLD need to be accounted for when estimating the absorbed dose. This paper develops a methodology based on highly sensitive LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs to directly estimate the absorbed dose to water in liquid water around a high dose rate {sup 192}Ir brachytherapy source. Methods: Different experimental designs in liquid water and air were constructed to study the response of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs when irradiated in several standard photon beams of the LNE-LNHB (French national metrology laboratory for ionizing radiation). Measurement strategies and Monte Carlo techniques were developed to calibrate the LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors in the energy interval characteristic of that found when TLDs are immersed in water around an{sup 192}Ir source. Finally, an experimental system was designed to irradiate TLDs at different angles between 1 and 11 cm away from an {sup 192}Ir source in liquid water. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to correct measured results to provide estimates of the absorbed dose to water in water around the {sup 192}Ir source. Results: The dose response dependence of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs with the linear energy transfer of secondary electrons followed the same variations as those of published results. The calibration strategy which used TLDs in air exposed to a standard N-250 ISO x-ray beam and TLDs in water irradiated with a standard{sup 137}Cs beam provided an estimated mean uncertainty of 2.8% (k = 1) in the TLD calibration coefficient for irradiations by the {sup 192}Ir source in water. The 3D TLD measurements performed in liquid water were obtained with a maximum uncertainty of 11% (k = 1) found at 1 cm from the source. Radial dose values in water were compared against published results of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and no significant differences (maximum value of 3.1%) were found within uncertainties except for one position at 9 cm (5.8%). At this location the background contribution relative to the TLD signal is relatively small and an unexpected experimental fluctuation in the background estimate may have caused such a large discrepancy. Conclusions: This paper shows that reliable measurements with TLDs in complex energy spectra require a study of the detector dose response with the radiation quality and specific calibration methodologies which model accurately the experimental conditions where the detectors will be used. The authors have developed and studied a method with highly sensitive TLDs and contributed to its validation by comparison with results from the literature. This methodology can be used to provide direct estimates of the absorbed dose rate in water for irradiations with HDR{sup 192}Ir brachytherapy sources.
Lucas, P. Avil�s, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Aubineau-Lani�ce, I.; Louren�o, V.; Vermesse, D.; Cutarella, D. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)] [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
August 2010 American Recovery and
project was narrowed to cover 1) the feasibility study for Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system. The current proposed Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system for the building heat pump systems to provide both space cooling and heating. The simulation result shows
EA-1752: Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Compression Testing Phase Project, San Joaquin County, California
DOE is preparing this EA to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of providing a financial assistance grant under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for the construction of an advanced compressed air energy storage plant in San Francisco, California.
Gain and continuous-wave laser oscillation on the 1315 nm atomic iodine transition pumped by an air-helium electric discharge
peroxide and Cl2 gas. Logistic issues with this chemical sin- glet oxygen generator motivated many by a radio-frequency-excited electric discharge sustained in a dry air-He�NO gas mixture. Active oxygen American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.2957678 The classical chemical oxygen iodine laser COIL re
Carroll, David L.
EA-1751: Smart Grid, New York State Gas & Electric, Compressed Air Energy Storage Demonstration Plant, Near Watkins Glen, Schuyler County, New York
DOE will prepare an EA to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of providing a financial assistance grant under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for the construction of a compressed air energy storage demonstration plant in Schuyler County, New York.
A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume and in particular molten titanium liquid pools is disclosed, including the steps of (a) generating an ultrasonic wave at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, (b) shining a light on the surface of a molten metal liquid pool, (c) detecting a change in the frequency of light, (d) detecting an ultrasonic wave echo at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, and (e) computing the volume of the molten metal liquid. 3 figures.
Garcia, G.V.; Carlson, N.M.; Donaldson, A.D.
Considering Air Density in Wind Power Production
In the wind power production calculations the air density is usually considered as constant in time. Using the CIPM-2007 equation for the density of moist air as a function of air temperature, air pressure and relative humidity, we show that it is worth taking the variation of the air density into account, because higher accuracy can be obtained in the calculation of the power production for little effort.
Farkas, Z�n�
Z�n� Farkas
Air Pollution 7.1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 7 Air Pollution 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS 7.3 THE CLEAN AIR ACT 7.4 THE POLLUTANT STANDARDS INDEX 7.5 CRITERIA POLLUTANTS 7.6 TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS 7.7 AIR POLLUTION IN THE WORLD'S MEGACITIES 7.8 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS 7.9 STATIONARY SOURCES 7.10 AIR POLLUTION AND METEOROLOGY 7
Kammen, Daniel M.
AIRS Version 6 Release Level 2 Product User Guide AIRS/AMSU/HSB Version 6
AIRS Version 6 Release Level 2 Product User Guide Page 1 AIRS/AMSU/HSB Version 6 Level 2 Product Questions to: http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/AskAirs #12;AIRS Version 6 Release Level 2 Product User Guide Page 2............................................................................................. 7 1.1 EXAMPLE: LEVEL 2 PHYSICAL RETRIEVAL PRODUCT FILE NAMES
Waliser, Duane E.
Residential Forced Air System Cabinet Leakage and Blower Performance
Driven�Unitary� Air?Conditioning�and�Heat�Pump�Equipment�. �Air�Conditioning�&� Air?source�Heat�Pump�Equipment. �Air?apply�to�the�air�handlers�of�heat�pumps�and�electric�
Walker, Iain S.
a high temperature heat capacity for liquid gallium which isthe molar heat capacity of the stoichiometric liquid and theheat capacity of the supercooled stoichiometric binary liquid
Anderson, T.J.
High Energy Efficiency Air Conditioning
This project determined the performance of a new high efficiency refrigerant, Ikon B, in a residential air conditioner designed to use R-22. The refrigerant R-22, used in residential and small commercial air conditioners, is being phased out of production in developed countries beginning this year because of concerns regarding its ozone depletion potential. Although a replacement refrigerant, R-410A, is available, it operates at much higher pressure than R-22 and requires new equipment. R-22 air conditioners will continue to be in use for many years to come. Air conditioning is a large part of expensive summer peak power use in many parts of the U.S. Previous testing and computer simulations of Ikon B indicated that it would have 20 - 25% higher coefficient of performance (COP, the amount of cooling obtained per energy used) than R-22 in an air-cooled air conditioner. In this project, a typical new R-22 residential air conditioner was obtained, installed in a large environmental chamber, instrumented, and run both with its original charge of R-22 and then with Ikon B. In the environmental chamber, controlled temperature and humidity could be maintained to obtain repeatable and comparable energy use results. Tests with Ikon B included runs with and without a power controller, and an extended run for several months with subsequent analyses to check compatibility of Ikon B with the air conditioner materials and lubricant. Baseline energy use of the air conditioner with its original R-22 charge was measured at 90 deg F and 100 deg F. After changeover to Ikon B and a larger expansion orifice, energy use was measured at 90 deg F and 100 deg F. Ikon B proved to have about 19% higher COP at 90 deg F and about 26% higher COP at 100 deg F versus R-22. Ikon B had about 20% lower cooling capacity at 90 deg F and about 17% lower cooling capacity at 100 deg F versus R-22 in this system. All results over multiple runs were within 1% relative standard deviation (RSD). All of these values agree well with previous results and computer simulations of Ikon B performance versus R-22. The lower cooling capacity of Ikon B is not a concern unless a particular air conditioner is near its maximum cooling capacity in application. Typically, oversized A/C systems are installed by contractors to cover contingencies. In the extended run with Ikon B, which lasted about 4.5 months at 100 deg F ambient temperature and 68% compressor on time, the air conditioner performed well with no significant loss of energy efficiency. Post-run analysis of the refrigerant, compressor lubricant oil, compressor, compressor outlet tubing, and the filter/dryer showed minor effects but nothing that was considered significant. The project was very successful. All objectives were achieved, and the performance of Ikon B indicates that it can easily be retrofitted into R-22 air conditioners to give 15 - 20% energy savings and a 1 - 3 year payback of retrofit costs depending on location and use. Ikon B has the potential to be a successful commercial product.
Edward McCullough; Patrick Dhooge; Jonathan Nimitz
Bouncing of a jet off a Newtonian liquid surface Matthew Thrasher, Sunghwan Jung,
of silicone oil of flow rate Q and viscosity is falling from height H to a bath of the same liquid, which until the jet bounces; the jet and bath are separated by a lubricating layer of air. Figure 2 shows by pouring mineral oil into a pan of mineral oil.1 1 M. Thrasher, S. Jung, Y. K. Pang, C.-P. Chuu, and H. L
Cocurrent gas - liquid flow at high rates in small particle beds
Gas liquid cocurrent flow at high pressure drop often occurs near the well bore and in grabel filled perforations during production of oil and geothermal energy. Available studies have, however, emphasized large particles and low pressure drops. Here, results for air-water flows to high fluxes in beds of small glass spheres and in 0.44 mm sand, show the influence of particle size, and flow composition and rate, on pressure drop enhancement and flow regime extent.
Wilemon, M.; Torrest, R.S. (Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (US))
AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS African-American Career World, http://www.eop.com/mags-AACW.php, is the
AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS African-American Career World, http://www.eop.com/mags-AACW.php in the workplace. ASIAN STUDENTS Asian American: Career Center- http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php
Arnold, Jonathan
North American Natural Gas Markets
This report summarizes die research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group's findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.
This report sunnnarizes the research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group's findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.
American Elements | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300Algoil JumpAltergy Systems Place:AlwitraAmberley,AmerecoAmericanVehicles,
The Air-Fluorescence Yield
Detection of the air-fluorescence radiation induced by the charged particles of extensive air showers is a well-established technique for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Fluorescence telescopes provide a nearly calorimetric measure of the primary energy. Presently the main source of systematic uncertainties comes from our limited accuracy in the fluorescence yield, that is, the number of fluorescence photons emitted per unit of energy deposited in the atmosphere by the shower particles. In this paper the current status of our knowledge on the fluorescence yield both experimental an theoretical will be discussed.
F. Arqueros; F. Blanco; D. Garcia-Pinto; M. Ortiz; J. Rosado
Leads Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) and Air Support
leadership in the demanding environment of Joint operations -Meet medical standards for Ground Based Control as an ALO. Joint Air Operations Command and Control Course: The JAOC2C will provide the 13L ALO an overview, Ranger School, the Joint Operational Fires and Effects Course, and others. initiAL trAining AdvAnced tr
Duchowski, Andrew T.
Energy Secretary Moniz Will Host North American Energy Ministers...
three key areas, including: 1) North American data collaboration, 2) Mexico's energy reform and its implications for the North American energy sector, and 3) creating a resilient...
american study results: Topics by E-print Network
Planning Worksheet for American Indian Studies Admission Requirements: 1. Minimum 2.0 cumulative GPA 2. 10 credits of American Indian Studies courses 3) College Example:...
American Indian Policy and Relevant DOE and Executive Orders...
Services Communication & Engagement Tribal Programs American Indian Policy and Relevant DOE and Executive Orders American Indian Policy and Relevant DOE and Executive...
North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) Technical Report...
collaboration between the North American electric industry (utilities, grid operators, vendors and consultants), the North American Electric Reliability Corporation, academics, and...
Breakthrough in Bioenergy: American Process Sells First RIN-qualified...
Breakthrough in Bioenergy: American Process Sells First RIN-qualified Cellulosic Ethanol Shipment Breakthrough in Bioenergy: American Process Sells First RIN-qualified Cellulosic...
National German - American Heritage Month | Department of Energy
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K 1998-01-01 166 Socioeconomic Characteristics of American Indians in Los Angeles County University of California eScholarship Repository Summary: American Indians is critical...
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american visceral leishmaniasis: Topics by E-print Network
K 1998-01-01 196 Socioeconomic Characteristics of American Indians in Los Angeles County University of California eScholarship Repository Summary: American Indians is critical...
american tegumentary leishmaniasis: Topics by E-print Network
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american cycliophoran symbion: Topics by E-print Network
K 1998-01-01 157 Socioeconomic Characteristics of American Indians in Los Angeles County University of California eScholarship Repository Summary: American Indians is critical...
Sandia National Laboratories: AIAA SciTech/American Society of...
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Report to the President on Ensuring American Leadership in Advanced...
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Diesel Engine Strategy & North American Market Challenges, Technology...
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Audit Report: The Department of Energy's American Recovery and...
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Stiffening solids with liquid inclusions
From bone and wood to concrete and carbon fibre, composites are ubiquitous natural and engineering materials. Eshelby's inclusion theory describes how macroscopic stress fields couple to isolated microscopic inclusions, allowing prediction of a composite's bulk mechanical properties from a knowledge of its microstructure. It has been extended to describe a wide variety of phenomena from solid fracture to cell adhesion. Here, we show experimentally and theoretically that Eshelby's theory breaks down for small liquid inclusions in a soft solid. In this limit, an isolated droplet's deformation is strongly size-dependent with the smallest droplets mimicking the behaviour of solid inclusions. Furthermore, in opposition to the predictions of conventional composite theory, we find that finite concentrations of small liquid inclusions enhance the stiffness of soft solids. A straight-forward extension of Eshelby's theory, accounting for the surface tension of the solid-liquid interface, explains our experimental observations. The counterintuitive effect of liquid-stiffening of solids is expected whenever droplet radii are smaller than an elastocapillary length, given by the ratio of the surface tension to Young's modulus of the solid matrix.
Robert W. Style; Rostislav Boltyanskiy; Benjamin Allen; Katharine E. Jensen; Henry P. Foote; John S. Wettlaufer; Eric R. Dufresne
of solid and liquid wastes generated at mushroom producing facilities. Environmental guidelines#12;MUSHROOM WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT PHASE I: AUDIT OF CURRENT PRACTICE The Mushroom Waste Management Project (MWMP) was initiated by Environment Canada, the BC Ministry
Nanopatterned anchoring layers for liquid crystals
This thesis describes the theory and fabrication of inhomogeneous Liquid Crystal anchoring layers. While chemical anchoring techniques have proved useful for many applications, especially Liquid Crystal Displays, they have ...
Gear, Christopher S. (Christopher Stanwood)
Can hedge funds time market liquidity?
We explore a new dimension of fund managers' timing ability by examining whether they can time market liquidity through adjusting their portfolios' market exposure as aggregate liquidity conditions change. Using a large ...
Cao, Charles
Mixing in a liquid metal electrode
Fluid mixing has first-order importance for many engineering problems in mass transport, including design and optimization of liquid-phase energy storage devices. Liquid metal batteries are currently being commercialized ...
Kelley, Douglas H.
Latin american and caribbean StudieS
209 Latin american and caribbean StudieS (LacS) cOre FacuLtY: Professor barnett AssociAte Professor MAyock AssistAnt Professors BottA, cArey, Dickovick, eAstwooD the Program in Latin american and caribbean, culture, and society as applied to the region of Latin America and the caribbean. the program's curriculum
Dresden, Gregory
North American Society for Trenchless Technology
North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT) Bowling Green State University (BGSU Technology Seminar North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT) & Bowling Green State University-Thompson Student Union Bowling Green State University (BGSU) Bowling Green, Ohio February 23-24, 2012 #12;Second
Moore, Paul A.
Recognition Luncheon American Electric Power Foundation
Recognition Luncheon for American Electric Power Foundation and Mr. Joseph H. Vipperman, Jr. May 03 Luncheon for American Electric Power Foundation and Mr. Joseph H. Vipperman, Jr. May 03, 2011 ICTAS" project with NSWC Dahlgren for Marine Corps War-fighting Lab. Four Vehicles participated in Rim
Crawford, T. Daniel
American Cooler Technologies: Order (2013-CE-5305)
DOE ordered American Cooler Technologies to pay a $8,000 civil penalty after finding American Cooler Technologies had failed to certify that certain models of walk-in coolers or freezers (WICF) components comply with the applicable energy conservation standards.
American Private Enterprise System University of Kentucky
American Private Enterprise System University of Kentucky Department of Agricultural Economics 400://www.uky.edu/Ag/APES/ American Private Enterprise System Program Start-Up Scholarship Five $500 scholarships, from the Kentucky not count as matching funds. Unexpended funds must be returned to Kentucky Council of Cooperatives by August
Hayes, Jane E.
Review: Clearing the Air: The Health and Economic Damages of Air Pollution in China
and Economic Damages of Air Pollution in China Mun S. Ho andEconomic Damages of Air Pollution in China. Cambridge, MA:the assessment of air pollution and its health and economic
Lee, Joseph
Emissions 7.3 Impacts of LNG on Air Quality 8. References 9.El Paso at Blythe. Chapter 3: Air Quality Impact AssessmentRespect to the South Coast Air Quality Management District
Carerras-Sospedra, Marc
the assessment of air pollution and its health and economiclargest source of health damages of air pollution in China,to air pollution, and the economic evaluations of health
LOx breathing system with gas permeable-liquid impermeable heat exchange and delivery hose
Life support apparatus is composed of: a garment for completely enclosing a wearer and constructed for preventing passage of gas from the environment surrounding the garment; a portable receptacle holding a quantity of an oxygen-containing fluid in liquid state, the fluid being in a breathable gaseous state when at standard temperature and pressure; a fluid flow member secured within the garment and coupled to the receptacle for conducting the fluid in liquid state from the receptacle to the interior of the garment; and a fluid flow control device connected for causing fluid to flow from the receptacle to the fluid flow member at a rate determined by the breathable air requirement of the wearer, wherein fluid in liquid state is conducted into the interior of the garment at a rate to be vaporized and heated to a breathable temperature by body heat produced by the wearer. 6 figs.
Hall, M.N.
Lox breathing system with gas permeable-liquid impermeable heat exchange and delivery hose
Life support apparatus composed of: a garment (2): for completely enclosing a wearer and constructed for preventing passage of gas from the environment surrounding the garment (2); a portable receptacle (6) holding a quantity of an oxygen-containing fluid in liquid state, the fluid being in a breathable gaseous; state when at standard temperature and pressure; a fluid flow member (16) secured within the garment (2) and coupled to the receptacle (6) for conducting the fluid in liquid state from the receptacle (6) to the interior of the garment (2); and a fluid flow control device (14) connected for causing fluid to flow from the receptacle (6) to the fluid flow member (16) at a rate determined by the breathable air requirement of the wearer, wherein fluid in liquid state is conducted into the interior of the garment (2) at a rate to be vaporized and heated to a breathable temperature by body heat produced by the wearer.
Hall, Mark N. (Richland, WA)
Ionic Liquids for Utilization of Geothermal Energy
DOE Geothermal Program Peer Review 2010 - Presentation. Project objective: to develop ionic liquids for two geothermal energy related applications.
Heterophase liquid states: Thermodynamics, structure, dynamics
An overview of theoretical results and experimental data on the thermodynamics, structure and dynamics of the heterophase glass-forming liquids is presented. The theoretical approach is based on the mesoscopic heterophase fluctuations model (HPFM) developed within the framework of the bounded partition function approach. The Fischer cluster phenomenon, glass transition, liquid-liquid transformations, parametric phase diagram, cooperative dynamics and fragility of the glass-forming liquids is considered.
A. S. Bakai
Nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquid heat transfer fluids
A heat transfer fluid created from nanoparticles that are dispersed into an ionic liquid is provided. Small volumes of nanoparticles are created from e.g., metals or metal oxides and/or alloys of such materials are dispersed into ionic liquids to create a heat transfer fluid. The nanoparticles can be dispersed directly into the ionic liquid during nanoparticle formation or the nanoparticles can be formed and then, in a subsequent step, dispersed into the ionic liquid using e.g., agitation.
Fox, Elise B.; Visser, Ann E.; Bridges, Nicholas J.; Gray, Joshua R.; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L.
Cooperative motions in supercooled liquids and glasses
P. Heat capacity and entropy of an equilibrium liquid fromliquids should correlate inversely with the con?gurational heat capacity,
Stevenson, Jacob D.
I) EXAS AIR CONTROL BLAR 6330 HWY. 290 EAST, AUSTIN, TEXAS 78723, 512451-5711 DICK WHmINGTON, P.E. JOHN L. BLAIR CHAIRMAN MARCUS M. KEY, M.D. CALVIN 8. PARNELL, JR., Ph.D., P.E....
Micromachinable Leaky Wave Air Transducers
reflection coefficient can also in a thin plate as a meam of efficient coupling of ultrasonic energy to air of the ultrasonic energy is a function of the elastic properties of the plate andmost dominantly determinedby lowerleak rates as compared to silicon and aluminum. Since these thin dates aremuch easier to fabricate wine
Khuri-Yakub, Butrus T. "Pierre"
Air Quality Conformity Trip Generation
Management Districts (AQMDs) and Air Pollution Control Districts (APCDs) #12;Source: http standards #12;PROBLEM #12;http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/2008/graphics/Figure3.gif Progress! #12;http_graph.html #12;http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/2008/graphics/HighlightsNumber.gif Number of people living in non
Handy, Susan L.
Lead reduction in ambient air
The Bureau of Mines evaluated the emission control methods, including the capital investments and operating cost, necessary for further reducing lead levels in ambient air at the Glover, Herculaneum, and Buick smelter-refineries in Missouri and the East Helena, MT, smelter. This report presents theoretically achievable lead emission reductions and estimated capital and operating costs.
Smith, R.D.; Kiehn, O.A.; Wilburn, D.R.; Bowyer, R.C.
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