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Issues: bridge
4 VotesFix it! Voted!
Traffic & Parking- Miscellaneous ► AcknowledgedBroadway And Mount Vernon Somerville, Massachusetts
The intersection was backed up today around 8:45 and frustrated drivers would block the intersections use the right turn lane to make left turns and only further adding to the congestion. There was no congestion backup from Sullivan, just too many cars for the light intervals to handle. The cars that backed up were trying to turn left from Lombardi drive onto Broadway toward Sullivan Square. Most were originating from Assembly Row Drive and would block the intersection for cars trying to make a left hand turn onto mystic Ave. As many complaints of this situation have been told before, the lights are MassDoT timed, and that they are "working" as "intended." So, if Somerville cannot fix the timing of the lights can we at least get a police detail during commute hours to prevent illegal turns and cars blocking the intersection?
Aside from that request, since the casino going in Everett is required to redesign Sullivan square, it is perfect time to look at how cars leaving Assembly row enter Sullivan square. There is an unused lane on the Mystic Ave bridge over the train tracks that could be used to divert traffic heading from Assembly Row to Sullivan. Instead of having that traffic enter Sullivan by going through the Broadway, Mt Vernon lights, traffic would turn left from Assembly Row Drive, and head south, staying on the Mystic river side of 93, use the unused lane of the Mystic Ave. bridge that goes over the train tracks and cross the unused parking lot (I believe MassDoT owns it, and merge onto Mafia way from the left. This solution can be done inexpensively, and will greatly help traffic and pedestrian safety. I hope the representatives of Somerville possess the foresight to seize the opportunity and avoid a growing traffic nightmare.· Reported by Matt · Share · Flag Flagged
- Acknowledged by: City of Somerville
Theresa (Registered User)
Hello - I just wanted to share my first hand experience of the gridlock in this area on a 101 bus coming home from Sullivan this afternoon. I was traveling with my Gram and so instead of walking the 8 mins from Sullivan to the house we hopped on the 101 bus headed outbound. The bus pulled up to the Mystic Ave light to turn left on Lombardi and we stayed at that light for over 10 minutes while we watched as cars going straight on Lombardi from Assembly block the intersection causing gridlock. I took two videos of the whole situation. At one point, about 10 minutes in at this light, the bus itself tried to turn left and partially blocked the entire intersection so that cars were unable to safely pass East towards Assembly. I was in the middle of texting my husband that this had reached the point of a major safety hazard since there could not possibly be a way for emergency vehicles to pass when we heard sirens. In fact, an ambulance needed to get under the 93 bridge over to East Broadway from exactly where we had sat for 10 minutes.
Also, to outline some history of reported issues on this site:
- Issue #1363473: reported on 11/15/2014 by me. Acknowledged by Somerville and then subsequently closed. The closure reason we were given was that the lights are deemed timed appropriately by Mass DOT.
- I called Mass DOT this afternoon after my bus adventure. I spoke to a nice man named Brian. He listened to everything I had to say and then told me he could basically pass on the information to the electrician, but that was only going to be to fix any technical/structural issues if the lights were defective in some way and not keeping the time that is programmed. He further said that there can be jurisdictional areas with situations like these because the Police (he didn't say State or Somerville or Charlestown) get in the mix and have the lights timed in a certain way. He gave me a number of the main district office (781-641-8456) to call and told me to speak with the Traffic Department. He said they might be able to help but again cautioned against the jurisdictional issues.
- Issue #1576171: I opened this issue separately on 4/7/2015 for a related issue to the Mt. Vernon/Broadway gridlock regarding the fact that I personally witnessed a driver on Lincoln (the one parallel to Broadway) drive quickly backwards on a one way street for the sole purpose to cut through our neighborhood and avoid the Mt. Vernon light AFTER seeing the gridlock there at rush hour.
I agree with Matt who opened this issue. I also suggested a Police detail back in April on Issue #1576171. As residents of East Somerville we need to band our voices together to obtain Police detail at this intersection during rush hour. Minimally to start handing out tickets for drivers causing the gridlock, maybe after a certain amount of that drivers would stop causing the gridlock for fear of hefty fines. Worst case we need Police presence in these two, combined intersections to direct traffic every day.
After we get that small win (if you can even choke down the pain and call it a 'victory') we also need to work together on what Matt has suggested and use every opportunity we can to get a full review of the situation and redesign what we can for a better holistic situation. I personally plan to raise this issue at the Ward 1 ResiStat meeting (if it is not raised before I get the chance). I also plan to contact the Somerville Police Department to get the Police view on what the Mass Dot rep I spoke with today said.
Theresa (Registered User)
Acknowledged Heather (Verified Official)
At the request of the city, the company overseeing the construction of the area conducted observations of traffic flow Broadway at Mount Vernon Street and Lombardi Way. Field observations were conducted on, July 30th, October 7th, and November 3rd of last year ( 2014). The purpose of these investigations was to determine if there were any excessive queues or delays at these closely spaced intersections.
During field observations some minor queuing occurred but all vehicles were cleared within one cycle. The southbound queue exceeded storage by 2-3 cars on occasion, but never extended beyond the available queue space to Mystic Avenue. The northbound traffic was marked as limited. However, based on your feedback we have made another request to Traffic & Parking for the company to review the area and we will provide any updates to their recommendations
Matt (Registered User)
Thank you for the update and having the company look at the issues. One thing to note is that the issues while they occur frequently, they occur at different times for different reasons. A day here and there of monitoring might not catch all the issues. The company should monitor for an extended time and or be told what to look for.
- On the weekends, Broadway's southbound traffic backs up at the Broadway/Mt Vernon lights (sometimes all the way to Franklin) and takes many light cycles to get through. It causes many people to cut up Lincoln and down Mt Vernon. The main cause of this is the 15-20 second green light cycles and the automatic pedestrian walk signals across Broadway every light cycle. Pedestrians rarely cross there. Typically every light cycle, only 3 to 5 cars will get through and then there is a 30 second wait until the next green light. Eliminating the automatic walk cycle and/or lengthening the green light times would help tremendously.
- During the mornings and evening rush hour, sometime the traffic is due to Sullivan backup, but other times it is just because of the lights. When Sullivan is clear, often cars backup on Lombardi and all the way down Assembly Square drive and mystic Ave. I do not see how far, but it is normally past the bend of Assembly. They are waiting to make a left turn onto Broadway headed toward Sullivan. Some cars will block the right lane of Lombardi to cut the line of cars turning left. The light cycle for the left turn is just not long enough to accommodate the volumes coming from mystic and assembly.
Traffic & Parking- Illegal Parking ► Archived51 Beacon Street Somerville, Massachusetts
On the EVEN side of Beacon St from Washington St to the Cambridge City Line there are illegally, and dangerously, parked cars blocking the travel lanes. This has resulted in *massive* traffic backups up Beacon St, which disappear as soon as you cross the Cambridge City Line, where cars are not illegally parked. Large vehicles, such as box trucks and buses, are having trouble getting down Beacon St without crossing the double yellow line, and I'm not really sure how emergency services is supposed to get down the street as is.· Reported by Ian Woloschin · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 6 Comments
Reopened Ian Woloschin (Registered User)
How has this issue been addressed?
I just biked down Beacon St through this exact area around 9:15am today. There were cars parked all over the roadway, blocking travel lanes, and no evidence of T&P working to "address" the issue. I can't imagine that they got all of those cars moved in the past 50 minutes, so I'm reopening this issue unless you can actually show me that the roadway has been adequately cleared for traffic, instead of parking.
I'll be biking by here again this evening on my way home. If this issue is closed again, and I find more cars parking in the travel lanes, I'll just reopen this, or create a new issue, until the cars are not blocking travel lanes. This is a safety issue as it is pretty much impossible for a fire truck to get through during rush hour.
If you want, I can post video of my bike ride this morning showing the cars parked in the travel lanes.
Ian Woloschin (Registered User)
For what it's worth, this morning around 8:45am I rode down Beacon St on my way to work. Yet again, there are cars parked all over the travel lanes, creating a dangerous situation for cyclists and drivers. T&P has done nothing to address this issue, unless they are issuing invisible tickets. Please do not attempt to close this issue until the issue has actually been resolved.
Again, if you want, I'm happy to provide video of my ride in this morning showing the travel lanes utterly blocked and ridiculous traffic backups which suddenly disappear as soon as you cross the city line into Cambridge (where the snow has been completely removed from Hampshire St).
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
Good Morning,
Traffic and Parking will be monitoring this area. Thank You
Ian Woloschin (Registered User)
Please make sure they monitor next winter when it snows again.
Department of Public Works - Miscellaneous ► Archived3 Beacon St Somerville, Massachusetts
Could the variable message sign be reprogrammed, just like Cambridge's are. To read: "caution bikes in roadway". Instead of the incorrect message about construction on Beacon Street, which is not occurring this winter. Thank you.
Ken Carlson (Registered User)
Can this be done soon? It's a matter of public safety
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
Good Morning Alex,
Thank you for bringing this to our attention.I have passed along your suggestion to the Traffic Department. We really appreciate your feed back. Have A Great Day
Ian Woloschin (Registered User)
Thanks for fixing this issue!
Streetlight Outage ► Archived69-83 Medford Street Somerville, Massachusetts
Lighting under Medford Street railroad bridge is not working. Dangerous for pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers.
Acknowledged Heather (Verified Official)
Good Morning Alex,
I have created a work order on your behalf to have the lights fixed 308557. Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention. Have A Great Day
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
Good Morning Alex,
These lights are on State. They have been notified. If you would like to follow up, you can reach them at 781-641-8300. Thank You
Alex (Registered User)
Thank you for providing the contact information-- I'll get in touch. I'm also hoping the city will or has already advocated to the state on behalf of its own residents.
3 VotesFix it! Voted!
Streetlight Outage ► Acknowledged137 Washington Street Somerville, Massachusetts
Lighting under Washington Street railroad bridge is not working. Dangerous for pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers.
- Acknowledged by: City of Somerville
Acknowledged Heather (Verified Official)
Good Morning Alex,
I have created a work order on your behalf to have the lights fixed 308555. Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention. Have A Great Day
Pothole ► Archived8 Medford Street Somerville, Massachusetts
Medford Street between Somerville Avenue and the Cambridge city line (particularly near the rail road crossing) is in deplorable condition. Cobblestones are sticking out of the ground, and the repeated pavement patching in the area has not made conditions any better. A document on the city website (http://www.somervillema.gov/sites/default/files/SomervilleStreetsPlan6-12-2013.pdf) assures us that this street was repaved as part of the 2013 Street Reconstruction program, but absolutely nothing has been done. The false information and lack of communication from the city on this issue is unacceptable. When is this road scheduled to repaved?· Reported by An anonymous SeeClickFix user · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 6 Comments
Heather (Verified Official)
Good Afternoon Alex,
I am waiting for the engineering dept to see what they have scheduled for Medford st. As soon as they respond I will let you know what the plans are. Have A Great Day
Alex (Registered User)
Thanks Heather!
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
Good Afternoon Alex,
Here is the information that I received for this request. The street will be paved after utilities are run to 9-39 Medford st. permits were held up until the property got their permits to work on the site from the MBTA. it is still on the 2013 street list. utilities will be completed soon and this street will be repaved next spring. paving doesn't happen between Nov 15 and April1. The city moratorium does not permit paving a street then cutting into said street for utility installation. I hope this helps.
Alex (Registered User)
Thank you for letting us know of the current status! Looking forward to the new street in the spring.
Two Street Lights Out on Prospect Street Bridge (Union Square) ► ArchivedProspect Street Bridge Somerville, MA
There are two street lights out on the Prospect Street bridge heading into Union Square from Cambridge.· Reported by James T (Guest) · Share · Flag Flagged
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
Good Afternoon James,
I have contacted DCR about the lights on the bridge. Thank You again for reaching out to the City. Have A Great Day
James T (Registered User)
Thanks Heather! Its always dark when Im biking over the bridge at night. They have been out for a few months.
Marc (Guest)
Thanks for fixing this issue!
Snow-Streets not shoveled ► Archived149 School Street Somerville, MA 02145, USA
East side of School near Montrose. Presumably city job -- motorized shoveling over railway bridge and next to high school / city hall, but street lamp means hand shovelling needed between. Thanks!· Reported by Claudia Mastroianni · Share · Flag Flagged
Acknowledged City Staff (Verified Official)
Ticket # 281491 was entered for this area. Just an fyi, the DPW had to pull that crew off the streets and put them into trucks to get ahead of the roads but they assured us they will go back to the bridge as soon as they are finished.
Closed Heather (Verified Official)
The DPW did come back out on 2-6-14 to finish up the bridge. Thank You again for reaching out to the City Of Somerville. Have a Good Day
Snow- Request DPW to Shovel Public Property ► Archived18 Day Street Somerville, MA 02144, USA
Snow banks on even side of Day Street from Cambridge line to Orchard are more than one foot from curb.· Reported by An anonymous SeeClickFix user · Share · Flag Flagged
Closed City Staff (Verified Official)
According to the DPW, work order 282564 was created and a city employee was dispatched to resolve this issue last week. If any further actions are necessary, please let us know
More potholes! ► ArchivedMc Grath Hwy Somerville, MA
Another new pothole! Seems like once 1 gets filled, another opens in the left lane on the bridge over the railroad tracks. How about a quick weekend-long replacement?· Reported by Anonymous (Guest) · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 6 Comments
Anonymous (Guest)
Instead of emailing me every week to tell me how long my issue has been open, why don't you email DPW to fix the potholes?
Closed City Staff (Verified Official)
Anonymous, McGrath Hwy falls under the Department of Conservation and Recreation, which is a state office meaning the DPW does not make these repairs, that is the reason we cannot ask them as you have requested. However the City of Somerville has informed them of the potholes and they have made numerous repairs around McGrath. If there any new potholes opening up please let us know and we will continue to work with the state.
Reopened Anonymous (Guest)
Typical Somerville. "Not our problem". For 11+ years I've driven the same stretch of McGrath to get to work. There is never a day when there isn't a pothole somewhere around the Washington St/Somerville Ave overpasses. I'm sure DCR wouldn't object if Somerville fixed them. And I'm sure plenty of Somerville residents (like me!!) would appreciate it if DCR did so. Figure it out!! And don't close my post until you do! Passing the buck isn't the same as fixing the problem.
Closed City Staff (Verified Official)
The City will gladly fill any pothole as long as we have a valid address/location and it is within city boundaries. We have notified MassDOT of these issues and they did go out and fill numerous potholes. If you have any new potholes to report, please create a new request. Thank you.


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FAA, local casinos help Wendover Airport buy $500K fire truck
Alex Cabrero, Deseret News
WENDOVER — Wendover Airport may not get a lot of commercial traffic, but the Federal Aviation Association wants all smaller airports to have up-to-date emergency equipment in case of disaster.
Thanks to a federal grant and help from local businesses, the airport now has a state-of-the-art fire truck.
Right now, Wendover Airport only has one flight in and out every day, but more flights are being discussed. Five years ago, there were none.
"We've gone from zero to 60,000 passengers a year in that period of time," said Jim Petersen, airport manager.
Airport managers say their old fire truck was nearly two decades old and they really needed a new, up-to-date fire truck. Because of budget woes in Tooele County, where the airport is located, managers weren't sure how they would pay it.
To make these upgrades possible, the FAA provides grant money through its Airport Improvement Program, but the airport has to match some of that money to receive the entire grant. That's why when $50,000 was needed as part of the FAA's grant, casinos in town wanted to help.
"Wendover, Utah, Wendover, Nev., we're all one community," said John Spillman, director of advertising and marketing for Peppermill Resorts.
The airport's brand new, $500,000 fire truck arrived two weeks ago, and Petersen couldn't be happier about it.
"This thing is the cat's meow," he said. "It's got more buttons and switches in there than you know what to do with."
Fortunately, airport firefighter Klansey Bateman knows exactly what to do with them.
"It's got the dry chemicals on it, (because) we need to fight the fires like fuel fires," Bateman said. "It's got foam on it to suppress the flames for rescue if that ever becomes an issue."
Of course, workers at the airport hope all the training and knowledge they're getting with the new piece of equipment is something they will never have to actually use, but accidents do happen at the small airport.
In 2011, four men died when their small plane crashed at the airport. Although the new truck wouldn't have made a difference in that case, one never knows when it might.
"I hope I never do anything other than training, but I'm definitely glad we have it," Bateman said.
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1873 $1 Genuine PCGS. Proof....
2012 January 4-8 US Coins & Platinum Night FUN Signature Auction- Orlando #1166
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1873 $1 Genuine PCGS. Proof. The PCGS number ending in .91 suggests Questionable Color as the reason, or perhaps one of the reasons, that PCGS deemed this coin not gradable. In our opinion, the piece has the details of a PR60 specimen that has questionable color. Amber, violet, and blue hues are saturated yet seem to float across the surfaces. (NGC ID# 252V, PCGS# 7021)
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Anesthesiologist (pain control), Internist
32 years of experience
32 years of experience
Asylum Hill
114 Woodland St
Hartford, CT 06105 Phone number & directions
114 Woodland St
Hartford, CT 06105 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Dr. Clark O'Brien, MD is board certified in Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine.
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Dr. O'Brien graduated from University of Kansas , Kansas City.
Dr. O'Brien has 3 hospital affiliations:
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- Saint Francis Hospital And Medical Center, Hartford CT
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Dr. Clark O'Brien practices Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine near Hartford, CT.
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Stan Floyd (Owner Of American Airboat Corp.) and Shawn Taylor tied the knot on Friday June 26th at 10:00 AM in Orange Texas. Accompanied by Tate Floyd (Oldest son of Stan Floyd) gave the bride away. Keith Longlois (Captain of Orange Police Dept.) stood beside Stan. Angie our friend stood in attendance. Our friend Judge Joy Dubose married us. We wish all our family an friends could have been there.
We are having a large Wedding celebration at our lodge in Orange Texas next door to Stan's American Airboat Corp. location.
The date is July 11th, 2015 at 6:00 PM.
Live Western Cajun Band
Big Barbeque,fixings an drinks.
Casual Dress( nice shirt an shorts or jeans)
433 E. Lutcher Dr. Orange, Texas 77632
Please Contact by text or phone at 541-771-6666 Stan And Shawn Floyd to confirm.
We sincerely hope to see you there!
At American Airboat Corp., we successfully sell pre-owned airboats for our valued customers in a very fast, efficient, and professional manner for all parties involved. Every single used boat that comes through our shop is thoroughly inspected by the top professionals in the airboating industry upon arrival, making certain that the airboat is up to standard for an excellent experience for the buyer and seller.


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The South Side girls basketball team defeated Warsaw -- in Warsaw -- for the Class 4A semistate crown in a thrilling game that wasn't decided until the final seconds. By Justin A. Cohn. Feb. 23, 2013.
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Sridevi Daughter Jhanvi Hot Photos
May 18th, 2012, 10:00 PM IST
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Multicolor Emission of Hybrid Block Copolymer–Quantum Dot Microspheres by Controlled Spatial Isolation of Quantum Dots
Article first published online: 7 FEB 2013
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202839
Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Volume 9, Issue 16, pages 2667–2672, August 26, 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ku, K. H., Kim, M. P., Paek, K., Shin, J. M., Chung, S., Jang, S. G., Chae, W.-S., Yi, G.-R. and Kim, B. J. (2013), Multicolor Emission of Hybrid Block Copolymer–Quantum Dot Microspheres by Controlled Spatial Isolation of Quantum Dots. Small, 9: 2667–2672. doi: 10.1002/smll.201202839
Publication History
- Issue published online: 16 AUG 2013
- Article first published online: 7 FEB 2013
- Manuscript Revised: 12 DEC 2012
- Manuscript Received: 14 NOV 2012
- block copolymers;
- quantum dots;
- site isolation;
- multicolor emission;
- microspheres
Multicolor emitting microspheres with three dimensionally controlled nanostructures are produced via a simple and efficient method. Location control and separation of the quantum dots (QDs) within the microspheres are achieved by a supramolecular assembly of block copolymer micelles to control the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency between the different-colored QDs.


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12/19/2012 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
A visibly shaken Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy told us all, as we hung on his every word, that "evil visited this community today and it's too early to speak of recovery." He was absolutely correct. This has become America's tragedy. We all know deep within that those little children are our children as well. Evil visited the entire Nation on December 14, 2012. It is causing us to pause and examine ourselves.
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
12/19/2012 (2 years ago)
Published in U.S.
Keywords: Newtown, Connecticut, Sandy Hook Elementary, culture of death, abortion, Right to Life, Dawn Hochsprung, Adam Lanza, Culture of Death, Deacon Keith Fournier
WASHINGTON, DC (Catholic Online) - As the Nation mourns the horrid massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School we are just beginning to put faces on the victims. For example, most of us awakened to a photo of Dawn Hochsprung, the charismatic Principal who was killed. We read and heard of her love for the all the children, particularly the Kindergartners whom she called "kinders". We found out about the irony that she had, only days before the massacre, been able to ensure many that security in the School was of the highest caliber.
We have not yet seen the faces of those beautiful, innocent children - twenty of them, mowed down by the violent act of one who now appears to have been properly identified as Adam Lanza. He was an apparently developmentally and mentally challenged twenty year old man. He stole the weapons used by him to kill these children and adults. Yes, he also killed eight adults, including his own mother - and himself. He shot her in the face and left at her home while he undertook the savage act which has shaken a Nation. When the carnage was over, he killed himself.
A visibly shaken Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy told us all, as we hung on his every word, that "evil visited this community today and it's too early to speak of recovery." He was absolutely correct. This has become America's tragedy. We all know deep within that those little children are our children as well. Evil visited the entire Nation on December 14, 2012. It is causing us to pause and examine ourselves.
Our President, Barack Obama, had one of his finest moments. He addressed us all with tenderness and shed a few of our tears along with his own. He told us, "We've endured too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news; I react not as a president, but as anybody else would as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there's not a parent in America who doesn't feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those who died today were children - beautiful, little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them - birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the fallen were also teachers, men and women who devoted their lives to helping our children fulfill their dreams."
"So our hearts are broken today for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who were lost.Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors, as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children's innocence has been torn away from them too early and there are no words that will ease their pain. As a country, we have been through this too many times. Whether it is an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago, these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods and these children are our children. And we're going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies like this, regardless of the politics."
Now, what will those meaningful actions be? Will we realize that Newtown is Our Town?
Of course, those concerned about guns and gun safety have already moved in, pontificating at every media intersection, new and old. Understandably, we are properly examining just how these weapons got into the hands of this young man. We must. However, at the simplest level, it is quite clear, he stole them. There was no failure in oversight at the level of regulation and governance. Thieves steal and, until the human heart is healed of the root cause of such behavior, outside/in regulations, some of which are certainly necessary for public safety and the common good, will not stop theft. It is a heart problem.
Then there is the plethora of psychologists who are being featured on our televisions and integrated media devices. Early reports indicate the young man may have exhibited signs of mental difficulties which, if caught soon enough, might have prevented the terror which he inflicted. This argument certainly has a value as we reflect on the facts which emerge over the weeks during which we will review this historic event. However, we all know this latest violence is part of a chain of events which seem to be increasing in our Nation. As helpful as the psychological sciences are, they will not eradicate evil. They will not stop the wrong choices which spring from our hearts. Sin will not be cured by counseling nor can it be eradicated by medication.
As I listened to our President, and witnessed his sincere compassion over the senseless and brutal killing of these children, I, perhaps like millions of others who have dedicated our lives to protecting children much younger than the victims of this evil, wondered how he could not see the obvious contradiction in his selective empathy. This is the man who would not even oppose the Born Alive Infant protection Act when he served in the Illinois Senate. This is the President who has led the most Anti-Right to Life administration in US history.
As we reflect on this tragedy as a Nation, we are asking the right questions. We must continue to do so. We are properly realizing that those twenty children are our children. We are realizing that they - and the eight adults who were killed along with them - are also our neighbors. However, it is the brutality of the killing of the children which has shaken us to the core. We must acknowledge the truth. These dear ones, whose faces will soon be revealed to all of us as we mourn their brutal killing together, were also our children - and our neighbors - when they resided in the first home of the whole human race, their mother's womb.
Medical science has confirmed what our conscience already knew and the Natural Law has long confirmed; the child in the womb is one of us, our neighbor. Our 3D and 4D sonogram technology has made it possible to take baby´s first picture and send it as a birth announcement or place it on a Face Book or My Space page or send it through our Social Networks. We marvel at the image of those little babies at the early stages of what is a lifetime of development for every human being.
However, we then use that same technology to direct the weapons of warfare which dismember them in the womb and kill them. We do not want to see those pictures. With the introduction of "baby's first picture" we watch these children smile, play, feel pain and grow. These 3 and 4d images are becoming more and more prevalent throughout the social media. They are regularly showing up on television commercials.
We surgically operate on these first neighbors in the womb when they are in need of medical attention. We then put them back in their home and allow them to continue to grow so they can be healthier upon their birth. We know they are members of our human family. All of these advances have "humanized" the child to an increasing number of people who once bought the lie of those who promoted abortion as "choice". Whether a child is "wanted" has become the sole criterion for whether he or she has a right to life. The notion of "violability" is falling down as children are surviving earlier and earlier births. Besides which, none of us are ever "viable" , if that elusive word means we are able to survive on our own. We are all dependent upon one another because we were fashioned that way. Events like the massacre in Newtown make that so very clear.
It becomes harder and harder to deny that the children in the womb are our neighbors. The Orwellian Newspeak of "Choice" is growing stale and tired. The wind is out of its sails. Some choices are always and everywhere wrong, and the taking of innocent human life in at the top of the list. We were awakened to that truth on Friday, December 14, 2012, when twenty children were killed. Those children and the children killed every day in the womb are equally precious. It is always wrong to take innocent human life and we all know it.
Decent people are beginning to recognize this and indecent people are having a hard time defending their choice to kill our youngest neighbor. As I use this expression "first neighbors" in my pro-life work people inevitably ask the questions that open the door to my being able to explain this truth. These children have no voice except our own. They are killed by chemicals and surgical strikes - all currently protected by the police power of the State. They have no power to resist the killing without our help. Since 1973 over 55 million lives, in the United States of America alone, have been taken in procured abortions. The number throughout the world is staggering and can be viewed here.
I know that some will read my editorial and criticize my use of this National tragedy to bring up what they will seek to call a "religious" or "political" issue. However, I am convinced that as America reflects on this National tragedy she is reaching down into her National Soul and will recognize what matters most, the dignity, beauty and wonder of every single human life at every age and stage. That is why the Churches of Newtown were filled with mourners and vigils were held throughout the town. We know.
Newtown is Our Town. We are connected to those children. We are connected to all children.
St. Joseph of Cupertino
St. Christopher
St. John the Baptist
St. George
St. Mark
St. Brigid of Ireland
St. Barbara
St. Gerard
St. Clare
St. Florian
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St. Ann
St. Jude
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St. Matthew
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St. Isidore the Farmer
St. Benedict
By Deacon Keith Fournier
The Declaration of Independence was the birth certificate of the United States of America, a Nation often called the American Experiment because of the very fact that it was founded upon principles. The words are still memorized by schoolchildren and can bring a ... continue reading
By Deacon Keith A Fournier
What conclusion, dear brethren, do you come to? Surely it was not by chance that this chosen disciple, was missing in the first place? Or that on his return he heard, that hearing he doubted, that doubting he touched, and that touching he believed? It was by ... continue reading
By Matt Hadro, CNA/EWTN News
As bishops warn of current threats to religious liberty in the United States, Catholics can take heart that such challenges have faced them before, and they have persevered, one Church historian says. Washington D.C. (CNA/EWTN News) - "It's okay to realize that ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
It was bound to happen. After the Supreme Court ruled same-sex unions legal in all 50 states, other proponents of non-traditional arrangements are clamoring for equality under the law. Nathan Collier, along with his wives Victoria and Christine have applied at ... continue reading
By Talia Ramos (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
To kick off the summer break and celebrate Father's day, a family went aboard a cruise that ended with a traumatizing accident. As the cruise started to sail back to the harbor, a group of dolphins started to swim alongside the boat. However, as the passengers started ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Episcopalians voted overwhelmingly this week to allow religious weddings for same-sex couples. The Episcopal Church has long been on the forefront of equal rights for homosexuals, ever since electing it first openly gay bishop 10 years ago. LOS ANGELES, ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
It appears that an important bit of counter-terrorism may have landed into the wrong hands. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI is installing command centers around the nation to prepare for possible terror attacks for the coming Fourth of July holiday ... continue reading
By Linky C. (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
A total of 10,000 American troops remain in Afghanistan. These troops believe they have been forgotten by the Obama administration, as the US Government shifts its attention to ISIS. MUNTINLUPA, PHILIPPINES (Catholic Online) - The US Troops, 10,000 men and women left ... continue reading
By Talia Ramos (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Researchers recently discovered helium leaking from a giant fault in the Earth's crust near Los Angeles, as well as discovering an increase in chance for California to have an 8.0 magnitude earthquake. MUNTINLUPA, PHILIPPINES (Catholic Online) - They did not expect the ... continue reading
By Linky C. (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Three days before the United States' Independence Day, the FBI has already began setting up command centers in all of the 56 field offices across the country prior to the fourth. The U.S. Government is preparing for possible terrorist attacks and terrorist threats that ... continue reading


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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
The army officer and alleged collusion in Yemen
Jason Leopold | 24 Jul 2013 11:24 GMT | Human Rights, US & Canada, Afghanistan, United Kingdom, United States
Two years after President Obama signed an executive order establishing a parole board of sorts to review whether any of Guantanamo's 48 "indefinite detainees" can be released, the panel is finally getting to work, with an eye towards reducing the population, Al Jazeera has learned.
In an email sent late Friday night to Guantanamo attorneys, retired Navy Rear Admiral Norton C. Joerg, who last year was appointed by former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta to the position of director, periodic review secretariat, said, "a new Periodic Review Board (PRB) process will review the continued detention of certain detainees to assess whether continued law of war detention is necessary to protect against a continuing significant threat to the security of the United States."
Joerg's announcement, under the subject line "General Notice to Habeas Counsel Regarding Commencement of the Periodic Review Board Process," appears to be timed to coincide with a Senate Judiciary subcommittee hearing scheduled to take place Wednesday: "Closing Guantanamo: The National Security, Fiscal, and Human Rights Implications," the first significant hearing on Guantanamo since 2009.
Eighty-six of the 166 prisoners at Guantanamo have already been cleared for release. In May, President Obama announced a series of steps his administration intended to undertake to release the men, including lifting a moratorium on the transfer of prisoners to Yemen. The reviews of 71 other indefinite detention cases are another step towards emptying out Guantanamo.
Last month, the Defense Department released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) the closely held list that for the first time identified the 71 prisoners who the administration determined cannot be prosecuted or released because evidence against them was either obtained through torture or they still pose a national security threat to the U.S. if repatriated to other countries.
Army Lt. Col. Todd Breasseale, a Pentagon spokesman, confirmed to Al Jazeera on Saturday that the Defense Department "has begun to notify the first detainees regarding the specifics of these boards, and how they can participate in the proceedings."
The Periodic Review Board, which Joerg's email said would be "composed of senior level officials from various U.S. government agencies," was supposed to begin reviewing the indefinite prisoner cases last year. Although the Defense Department issued a directive in May 2012 advising government officials the periodic review board process, the board never met.
Shifted priorities
It appeared that Obama's campaign promise of shutting down Guantanamo was no longer a priority for the president. Last December, the State Department reassigned the special envoy whose sole job was to work on closing the prison and repatriate the prisoners to other countries.
But in February, prisoners launched a hunger strike over what they said was the mishandling of their Qurans by military officials. While the inspection of the Qurans may have been the catalyst behind the hunger strike, the driving force that has sustained it since then is despair over more than a decade of indefinite detention and no hope of ever being released.
We'll do everything we can to argue that the detainee should be approved for transfer. The periodic review board is likely to be predisposed to approval to transfer because the idea here is to close down Guantanamo"
-David Remes, human rights attorney
With dozens of starving prisoners being subjected to the brutal process of forced-feedings to keep them alive, Guantanamo was catapulted back into the national spotlight and, once again became a global story. Obama and congressional lawmakers were under renewed pressure to take action and start revisiting ways in which the prison could be permanently shut down. Since the start of Ramadan two weeks ago, 33 prisoners have been removed from the hunger strike list and were allowed to return to communal living and pray together during the month-long fast.
In a major speech on his counterterrorism policies in May, one that activist Medea Benjamin interrupted several times with calls for the president to use authority Congress granted him under the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and begin releasing "cleared" prisoners, Obama acknowledged he had not made any progress on his promise to close Guantanamo. However, he blamed Congress for his inaction.
But, as human rights groups pointed out, Obama was also to blame. The organizations noted that the president's executive order mandated that the periodic review board needed to start reviewing cases in March 2012.
National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden acknowledged to Al Jazeera in May that the periodic review board process "has not moved forward quickly enough" but she said the administration would "work to fully implement" it.
Obama has now made good on that promise, which may provide comfort to the 73 prisoners who are still waging a hunger strike, more than half of whom are designated for force-feedings. His administration also recently named attorney Clifford Sloan to fill the special envoy vacancy at the State Department to start working on efforts to repatriate the 86 cleared prisoners. However, a liaison position at the Defense Department has not yet been filled, Breasseale told Al Jazeera.
"There have been ongoing talks with a number of countries for potential repatriation or resettlement of eligible detainees," Breasseale said. "However, as with all diplomatic discussions, we simply do not discuss them until the transfer is complete - and only then, if the diplomatic agreement allows for such discussions."
David Remes, a Washington, DC-based human rights attorney who represents more than a dozen Guantanamo prisoners, said he "commends the motivation behind giving these men a second look."
"The question I have is what is there that's new to look at?" Remes said in an interview, referring to evidence that might be used against the prisoners by the review panel to justify their continued imprisonment. "What's surreal about this is that nobody is going to have new information about what happened 11 or 12 years ago."
"We'll do everything we can to argue that the detainee should be approved for transfer. The periodic review board is likely to be predisposed to approval to transfer because the idea here is to close down Guantanamo. But I just don't understand how this is supposed to work. Because whatever process or structure you set up the government has everything in its files that it always had. The accusations will remain the same. They went to an al-Qaeda training camp. We've been through this over and over. What are we [the attorneys] going to do, send investigators out to the badlands of Afghanistan to find people to admit they sold a guy to the U.S. for bounties? What new information are we expected to come up with" to challenge the government?
Joerg's email to the Guantanamo attorneys said the review board would not address whether the prisoners' "law of war" detention is legal, "but rather makes discretionary determinations about the individual's threat and the necessity of continued law of war detention."
"Detainees receiving hearings will be notified by a Personal Representative assigned to assist them in the process," Joerg wrote. "Counsel who have a prior relationship with detainees who will receive a hearing will be contacted in advance of the notification to the detainees."
Moreover, according to Breasseale, citing partially from Obama's executive order, prisoners are provided a personal representative" and "may also be assisted by private counsel, at no expense to the government." "The detainee is provided with an unclassified written summary of the factors and information the PRB will consider in evaluating whether the detainee is a continuing significant threat," Breasseale said.
"The detainee's personal representative and cleared private counsel receives the information provided. The detainee is permitted to present oral and written statements to the PRB, to introduce relevant information, to answer questions posed by the PRB, and to call reasonably available witnesses who are willing to provide information relevant and material to the assessment of the detainee's threat. The detainee is provided with a full review and hearing every three years, with semi-annual file reviews in between full reviews, focused on any new information and changed circumstances."
Clive Stafford Smith, the director of UK-based human rights organization, Reprieve, which represent cleared Guantanamo prisoners and prisoners who have been designated for indefinite detention, said he believes the period review boards are "a sham of a process."
"But I don't suppose my clients would mind if they are released for all the wrong reasons," he said.
Source: Al Jazeera
Court allows 'religiously and culturally abhorrent' practice after Obama administration appeal
Human Rights, United Kingdom
A new document shows officials unable to identify legal materials that belong to specific detainees.
Human Rights
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A group for Catholic homeschoolers who live in communities north of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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OnePlus OTA update for CM 11S (38R) rollout begins
Owners of OnePlus smartphones have a new firmware update on the way that will bring some new features and fixes to the mix. The OTA update for CM 11S (38R) is rolling out starting today. The new firmware improves the responsiveness of the touchscreen of the smartphone and adds a new lock screen to the mix.


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Moon Volunteer Vacations in Latin Americaby Amy E Robertson
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
Moon Volunteer Vacations in Latin America is the ultimate guide to the best volunteer experiences available in Latin America. Seasoned volunteer Amy E. Robertson shares her own expertise while inspiring readers to choose the right volunteer placement for their specific interests. Broken into chapters based on destination, the book gives a comprehensive overview of the best programs offered in each country and includes helpful information about housing, program costs, placement length, and much more. The countries covered include Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile.
Robertson also shares ideas for fundraising, as well as additional sources of information on volunteering, travel, and the various destinations. From discovering the best times to go to navigating the application process to figuring out what to take, this guidebook prepares readers for all aspects of their volunteer experience, whether theyre preparing a turtle hatchery in Costa Rica, teaching English in Mexico, or building a home in Brazil. Moon Volunteer Vacations in Latin America is a must-have for anyone looking to get involved abroad.
About the Author
Amy E. Robertson has been passionate about volunteer vacations since she was 13, when she took her first service trip with Habitat for Humanity. Since then, shes traveled far and wide, visiting more than 60 countries and living in six. She has lived in Ecuador and Honduras and traveled in 12 other mainland Latin American countries (plus four in the Caribbean). In that time, Amy explored the snow-capped mountains, animal-packed jungles, sandy beaches, and temples of the Maya that make up this diverse area. She fell in love with the rich culture of the modern Quechua and the ancient Incas and found passion for salsa dancing. The volunteer experiences she had—from building homes in Honduras, to monitoring presidential elections in Ecuador, to working with youth in Bolivia on the creation of social documentaries—helped her to better understand the people she met and enriched her as much as it did those she supported.
Amy has a background in international development and nonprofit management, and has worked in both private and nonprofit sectors. She applied that expertise, as well as the advice and experiences of her extensive network of passionate voluntourist" friends and colleagues, to her evaluation of volunteer programs for this book.
Amy is a Seattle native who has long been obsessed with travel. She studied in Boston and Madrid for her bachelors degree and London for her masters degree in development studies (where she also met her husband, who hails from Italy). In 2012, after eight years living in Latin America, Amy moved with her husband and two children to Beirut, Lebanon. She spends three months a year divided between her familys hometowns: Seattle, Rome, and Messina, Sicily. She is the author of Moon Honduras and the Bay Islands, and her writing has been published in National Geographic Traveler, Christian Science Monitor, and Travel + Leisure, among others.
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One thing I really love about writing up these 10K posts is a odd combinations pricing allows me to come up with. For today's post, I decided to do something a little different. Instead of maximizing the budget, I decided to look at it from the perspective of what was a classic 1980s car that you could buy and maintain well under $10,000. Obviously, if you're willing to shill out much more, there are countless classics you can jump in to turn-key; but under $10,000 means with almost certainty that the car you'll be getting in to today will be at least in part a bit of a project. Is there anything wrong with that? No, I think there's an inherent appeal to trying to save and resuscitate a car that was in part neglected or just needs attention. Certainly I've tried to do that several times with 1980s cars – with mixed results. Today, I grabbed one classic from the 1980s (give or take, we'll see…) from each of the major manufacturers – which is the one you'd like to save?
All posts tagged 1980
1980 Volkswagen Scirocco S
I'm going to get a bit gushy for a moment, if you'll allow me. I love the original Scirocco. Considering I'm a huge fan of the similarly Giugiaro designed Audi Coupe, that should come as no surprise. Both the GT and the Scirocco have some odd angles, and arguable aren't the prettiest designs ever to be penned by the Italians. However, it's that awkwardness that adds to their appeal for me – they stand out not because they're perfect, but because simply they stand out and not in a bad way. It's something that the second generation Scirocco wasn't able to pull off, in my mind. The short and squat original model, though it lacked the performance of many of the top-tier Volkswagen products, has to go down as one of the prettiest Volkswagens ever made. While they were a popular coupe and in many ways helped to spawn the sedan-based 2-door market that was the rage in the 1980s and early 1990s, not many of the original Sciroccos remain thanks mostly to rust and electrical issues. To me, the best looking of the original models are the infrequently seen "S" models, such as the 1980 which popped up this week for sale. The S was mostly an appearance package but featured a front spoiler, some cool stripes and Recaro seats; it was also only available in three colors in 1980 – black, Mars Red or today's Alpine White:
CLICK FOR DETAILS: 1980 Volkswagen Scirocco S on eBay
1980 Porsche 924 Turbo
Pablo from flüssig magazine has checked in with us once again, evaluating this 1980 Porsche 924 Turbo for sale in Denver that was sent to us from our reader Duncan.
Porsche's plan in 1980 was to keep the 924 Turbo's price under twenty grand. Now if I were to tell you that in the face of a weakening dollar against a strong Deutsch Mark that USD $20,000 has the same buying power today as USD $57,115, you'd not only have to pick your jaw up off the floor, you'd wonder why the hell Stuttgart decided it a savvy move to wipe the 5-stud hubs and rear disc brakes clean off the build sheet replacing them with four lugs and a pair of drums for Turbos destined to the US to stay under that price. Let me explain.
Porsche was still a small company 35 years ago compared to, say, their neighbors at Daimler–Benz. And when you're a David, you do what have to in order to keep that needle millimeters away from the red lest A: you get consumed by Goliath, or B: you close up shop. Simple as that. So in order for Stuttgart to continue selling its relatively new entry level product at a far from entry level price in a market that was allotted 50% of its Fahrzeug (incoming CEO Peter Schutz would change that in 1981 to lessen dependence on the US market), costs had to be cut somewhere. Unfortunately, the rear binders were it. The way they saw it, if the 50 states version was detuned to put out 143bhp @5500 RPM and 147 lb-ft of torque at 3000 RPM further crippled by a smaller turbo, catalytic converter, and oxygen sensors, a front disc/rear drum set-up like that found on the normally aspirated 924 would be more than adequate.
The 924 Turbo made its appearance on our shores in July of 1979 as a 1980 model (easily distinguished by an exposed fuel filler cap) in a limited batch of 600 cars in an effort to keep dealers and journalists from screaming like spoiled little brats since Porsche had already started production of the 1979 model year in the summer of '78. When you figure in that the European/ROW version got 170bhp, 180 lb-ft of torque, a larger KKK K26 turbocharger with a wastegate, and disc brakes all around, who can blame anyone for throwing a tantrum? Matter of course.
Let's shift the subject to a more positive note and discuss more noteworthy attributes of the US spec 931. Labeled engine version M31.02, these lumps were built in Zuffenhausen and not at VW's Salzgitter plant sporting a completely redesigned head with inlet valves that were 3mm larger (36mm) than the 924 normal allowing the engine to suck a combustible mixture of larger volume while platinum tipped spark plugs were moved closer to the inlet valves as opposed to the exhaust valves as in the 924 normal. It must noted that the normally aspirated 924 used a head of Heron design meaning that the underside of cylinder head was machined flat since the combustion chamber was recessed in the piston crown providing a "swirl effect" to the fuel/air mixture on the upstroke whereas the turbo would have the combustion chamber in the head itself. Compression ratio remained the same on all versions at 7,5:1 that increased geometrically to 10,8:1 when the turbo was spooled up to full song at 0,7 bar (9.87 lbs) beginning at around 2800 RPM. The bottom end remained the same for both the blown and unblown version, save for the new Mahle pistons, as it was robust enough to cope with the power increase.
The clutch size increased from 215mm to 225mm control hydraulically this time, cable operation was left to the normally aspirated group. Power went through a larger 25mm diameter driveshaft spinning on three bearings mating to a Porsche designed G31.02 gearbox with a revised final drive ratio of 4,71:1 used in the normally aspirated European 924 while the 0,706 5th gear was swapped out for 0,60:1, this in the name of better compatibility for our roads. While all of this may not matter one whit to one of little technical aptitude, the driver will most certainly find the Turbo's appeal a fortiori when engaging the dog-leg first borne of racing pedigree.
Now that I've lain before your feet a small primer on what the 924 Turbo was about, I'd like focus your attention to this superb little brick draped in L90E Alpinweiß. The toolkit, that's when I knew this 931 would be worth a bother…perhaps a flight in from somewhere farther. Universal pliers, rim wrench, spark plug wrench, operating rod for rim wrench, operating lever for spark plug wrench, handle and Philips/Flat head insert, and a double-ended 10mm/13mm spanner in the original tool roll pouch speaks volumes of what to expect in terms of completeness and originality with this example.
Click for details: 1980 Porsche 924 Turbo on Denver's Craigslist
1980 BMW M535i
It would be easy to credit the BMW M5 as the first super sedan, and in many ways, it is. With a motorsport-derived twin cam 24V inline-6 under the hood good for over 280 horsepower in Europe, the E28 M535i and M5 were nothing to trifle with. However, well before the Motorsports division of BMW had their way with the E28, they built the prototype for what would become the definitive sports sedan in the E12 M535i. Granted, the E12 didn't have the super M1 motor under the hood. However, like the later M5 would, the E12 had upgraded brakes, a re-tuned suspension featuring unique springs and Bilstein shocks, a deep front air dam and rear spoiler and BBS mesh wheels. Because this was basically still the 1970s, they also received some spectacular Motorsports stripes outside to help differentiate them as something special. Inside you got special Recaro seats with a unique corduroy fabric and an M1 steering wheel – not a bad touch. All of that was coupled with the uncatalyst M30B34 seen in several other BMWs, good for 218 horsepower. It was in just about every way the stepping stone to creating the M5. They were even produced in similar numbers to the M5, with only around 1,400 made – 450 of them being right drive like this 1980 example for sale today:
CLICK FOR DETAILS: 1980 BMW M535i on eBay
1980 Porsche 911 Turbo
These are the cars I love coming across. Not just that it's a 911 Turbo, but the exterior color and the contrasting interior – basically everything about the appearance of this car makes me stop in my tracks. This is about as period correct a color combination as we're likely to come across, and as I've noted in other features of similarly-colored cars it is extremely rare to see a modern car, from any marque, produced in these shades. This particular Turbo seems to have taken that period correct color scheme to another level. The metallic paint with a slight golden hue flashes and sets it apart from many of the other brown shades I've seen. It's earthy and smoky, while also vibrant. There's definitely some very nice photography at work here, but still this car looks pretty great! Here we have a Tobacco Metallic 1980 Porsche 911 Turbo with around 53,000 miles on it, and as the ad notes this color was only available in 1979 and 1980.
CLICK FOR DETAILS: 1980 Porsche 911 Turbo on Jan Lühn
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A differential detection approach allows communication without knowing the channel parameters, where the transmitter can include a plurality of transmitting antennas in excess of two. In the transmitter, each block of bits is mapped to a vector that is processed to develop a symbols vector, by employing mutually orthogonal vectors and the symbols vector of the previous block. The symbols vector is applied to a space-time mapping block, and thence to transmitting antennas. At the receiver, the received signals of a block are formed into vector, which is combined with a corresponding vector from the previous block in accordance with the mutually orthogonal vectors. The combined vector is summed with combined vectors of the other receive antennas, and the summed result is applied to a minimum distance decoder module. The decoder module selects a "most likely " vector, and that vector is applied to a mapping that recovers the transmitted bits.
1. A method for encoding signals to be transmitted from a plurality of transmitting antennas comprising the steps of:
mapping a block of bits, having a duration T, into a first vector;
processing said vector with a set of mutually orthogonal vectors and a delayed symbols vector to develop a current symbols vector;
delaying said current symbols vector by said duration T;
mapping said current symbols vector with a space time coder to develop a plurality of signals; and
applying said plurality of signals to said plurality of antennas.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
where Pw is said fast vector, Pw1 is the lth element of Pw, and the sequences v1(Su), v2(Su), . . . vk(Su) belong to said set of mutually orthogonal vectors.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. A method for receiving signals that were transmitted in accordance with a
receiving signals in blocks;
processing signals to develop a first vector, Ru, for each block u;
developing a vector having n elements Ru+1Ru q*, where Ru q corresponds to Ru processed with sequence vq(Ru), which is a qth member of a set of receiver sequences that are mutually orthogonal, for all values of q=1, 2, . . . , n, where n is a preselected number;
performing minimum distance detection on said vector to develop therefrom a vector P; and
applying a mapping to said vector P to obtain a block of bits.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. A method for receiving signals that were transmitted in accordance with
receiving signals in blocks in each of an m plurality of receiving antenna;
processing signals of each receiving antenna to develop a first vector, Ru, associated with said each receiving antenna, for each block u;
developing a vector j for each receiving antenna, j, said vector having n elements Ru+1Ru q*, where Ru q corresponds to said first vector Ru processed with sequence vq(Ru), which is a qth member of a set of receiver sequences that are mutually orthogonal, for all values of q=1, 2, . . . , n, where n is a preselected number, thus developing m j vectors;
summing said m j vectors to obtain a summed vector ;
performing minimum distance detection on said vector to develop therefrom a vector P; and
applying a mapping to said vector P to obtain a block of bits.
The method of
14. A method for receiving signals that were transmitted in accordance with
receiving, through m receiving antennas, where m=1 or more, signals in blocks;
detecting signals transmitted in each block by processing received signals of said each block with aid of processed signals of immediately previous block.
15. The method of
This is a continuation-in-part application of an application that bears the Ser. No. 09/296,514, which was filed on Apr. 22, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,515, and which is incorporated by reference herein. This application also claims priority from Provisional Application 60/201,342, filed May 2, 2000.
This invention relates to space-time coding and, more particularly, it relates to space-time coding and transmission in an environment that has no knowledge of the transmission channel parameters.
Hocwald and Marzetta, in "Unitary space-time modulation for multiple-antenna communications in Rayleigh flat fading," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, March 2000, proposed unitary space-time codes with interesting codes, but they have exponential encoding and decoding complexity. Subsequently, they came up with a second construction that has polynomial encoding but exponential decoding complexity, which makes their use formidable in practical situations. In the aforementioned Ser. No. 09/296,514 patent application, we proposed a coding scheme based on orthogonal designs, it being the first scheme that provides simple encoding/decoding algorithms. Thereafter, Hughes introduced a construction based on group codes that also has simple encoding/decoding algorithms, and Hocwald, et al. presented a construction with polynomial encoding but with a suboptimal decoding algorithm.
This disclosure is provided because the parent application discloses an arrangement where two transmitting antennas are employed and at least to some artisans questioned whether the arrangement can be expanded to more than two antennas.
A differential detection approach allows communication without knowing the channel parameters, where the transmitter can include a plurality of transmitting antennas in excess of two. Each block of bk bit is mapped to a vector and the vector is processed to develop a set of symbols for the block, by employing a set of mutually orthogonal vectors and symbols developed for the immediately previous block. The set of symbols is then applied to a space-time mapping block, which develops signals that are applied to the plurality of transmitting antennas.
At the receiver, for each receive antenna the received signals of a block are formed into vector. That vector, and a corresponding vector of the immediately previous block are processed in accordance with the mutually orthogonal vectors used by the receiver to create a combined vector. The combined vector is summed with combined vectors developed for the received signals of the other receive antennas, and the summed result is applied to a minimum distance decoder module. The decoder module selects a "most likely " vector, and that vector is applied to a mapping that is the inverse of the mapping used at the input of the transmitter.
The following considers a multiple antenna, wireless, communication system like the one depicted in
At time t the signal rt,j, received at antenna j, is given by
When block encoding is employed, a block of information bits that arrives in p time slots is converted to k symbols that are mapped via a space-time block code onto constellation points and transmitted over the n transmitting antennas over the p time slots. The receiver receives the transmitted signals and, assuming coherent detection, computes the decision metric
Encoding in Transmitter 10
A space-time block code is defined, therefore, by a p�n transmission matrix G (p being the number of time slots in a block, and n being the number of transmitting antennas). In the context of this disclosure, the entries of the matrix G are linear combinations of variables x1,x2, . . . xk, and their conjugates, such that the matrix G satisfies the equality
Thus, while G contains indeterminates x1, x2, . . . xk, matrix C contains specific constellation symbols (or their linear combinations), which are transmitted from n antennas as follows. If ct,i represents the element in the tth row and the ith column of C, the entries ct,i,i=1,2, . . . , n are transmitted simultaneously from transmit antennas 1,2, . . . , n at each time slot t=1,2, . . . , p. Hence, the ith column of C represents the transmitted symbols from the ith antenna and the tth row of C represents the transmitted symbols at time slot t. Note that C is basically defined using G, and the orthogonality of G columns (i.e., the attribute of equation (3)) allows the simple decoding scheme disclosed herein. Since p time slots are used to transmit k symbols, one can define the rate of the code to be k/p . For example, the rate for the illustrated G84 is �.
Decoding in Receiver 20
Next, we consider the decoding algorithm. It can be shown that, because G is orthogonal, the decision metric in equation (2) is the sum of k components each involving only the variable xl, l=1,2, . . . , k; i.e., each independently involving one of the k transmitted symbols. It can be further shown that each component can be computed using only linear processing. See, V. Tarokh, J. Jafarkhani and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1456-1467, July 1999. Therefore, this is a very simple decoding strategy that provides diversity.
Differential Encoding
Employing, for example, G84 and only one receive antenna, the received signal of that one antenna, rt,1, which can be noted by rt, is related to the constellation symbols s1, s2, s3, s4 by
The thrust of this disclosure is that, at each block, the symbols that are applied to the G matrix are related to the symbols applied to the G matrix in the previous block and to the input data. Basically, it is an encoding system that includes feedback around the G matrix.
Assuming that we want to employ k symbols to transmit M=bk bits per block (i.e., frame), we define a set that consists of 2bk unit-length vectors P1,P2 . . . , P2
The encoding is done by first calculating a k-dimensional vector of symbols S=(s1s2 . . . sk)r, employing a chosen mapping. Then, indeterminates x1x2 . . . xk in G are replaced by symbols s1,s2, . . . sk, to establish the matrix C, which is used for transmission in a manner similar to a regular space-time block code. That is what the first block transmits. What remains, now, is to calculate S=(s1s2 . . . sk)r for subsequent blocks so that non-coherent detection is possible.
If Su is the vector of constellation k points that is used for the uth block of bk bits, then C(Su) is a matrix that defines what to transmit from each antenna during the transmission of the uth block. Ci(Su), i=1,2, . . . , n is the ith column of C(Su) and it contains p symbols which are transmitted from the ith antenna sequentially (in p time slots). Given an input of bk bits in block u, the vector Pw is specified by the β mapping described above, in accordance with the principles of this invention the next set of symbols S=(s1s2 . . . sk)r, for block u+1, is given by:
Differential Decoding
Recalling that the received signal, rt, is related to the transmitted signals by
Recalling that Su and Su+1 are used for the uth and (u+1)st blocks of bk bits, respectively. Using GS4, for each block of data we receive 8 signals. To simplify the notation, we denote the received signals corresponding to the uth block by r1 u,r2 u, . . . r8 n and the received signals corresponding to the (u+1)st block by r1 v+1,r2 v+1, . . . r8 v+1. Let us
With reference to equations (9) and (13) one can construct the vectors
where q is 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the above example. Therefore, one can construct a vector
Because the elements of (i.e., the Pw vectors) have equal length, to compute PK, the receiver can compute the closet vector of to . Once this vector is computed, the inverse mapping of β is applied and the transmitted bits are recovered.
From the resemblance of equation (19) to analogous formula for maximum ratio combining, it can be shown mathematically that the above detection method provides 4-level diversity assuming 4 transmit and one receive antennas. However, the following physical argument also demonstrates this fact. For the multiplicative coefficient
The same procedure can be used for more than one receive antenna. For each receive antenna j, we compute j using the method disclosed above for , assuming as if only receiver antenna j exists. Then the closest vector of to
The above example demonstrates a situation where n=k. When the number of transmit antennas is less than the number of symbols, n<k, the same approach works; however, some of the details are different. In what follows we consider an example where three transmit antennas, with the space-time block code being:
One may simply check that Ω for G83 can be calculated from Ω for G84, equation (7), by setting α4=0. Therefore, again for each specific constellation symbols S, vectors v1(S), v2(S), v3(S), v4(S) can create a basis for the 4-dimensional space of any arbitrary 4-dimensional constellation symbols and the same encoding and decoding schemes are applicable. The only difference in the final result is that
We have assumed rate half space-time block codes that can be applied to any complex constellation set. If the constellation set is real, rate one space-time block codes are available and the same approach works. For example, in the case of p=k=4, the following space-time block code exists for n=4:
In consonance with the above developments, a transmitter in accordance with the principles disclosed herein comprises a mapping module 12 that gathers blocks of bk bit and maps them to vectors Pw. Those vectors are applied to processing element 13 that develops the vector Su+1, with the help of vector Su, which is derived from the output of processing element 13, delayed by one block in element 14. The output of processing element 13 is applied to block 15, which computes the symbol in accordance with a selected space-time mapping, such as G84, and applies the results to a antennas 11-1 through 11-n.
At the receiver, for each receive antenna (e.g., antenna 21-1) the received signals of a block are formed into vector Ru, for example (e.g., in element 22-1), and with a delay element (e.g., 23-1) the signals Ru+1 and Ru are developed. Those signals are applied to a processor (e.g., 24-1) where the products Ru+1Ru 1*, Ru+1Ru 2*, . . . Ru+1Ru u* are computed, which form the vector 1 for processor 24-1 (and, generally, j terms are computed in the processors 24, where j=1, 2, . . . m). The different j terms are formed and summed in element 25 to form
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