text:
Avoidance of a Retirement
Male, 61 years old, married, four children
Education: college graduate
Job Status: drafting supervisor for 16 years
Retirement Income: $20,000
Health: reported good
Retirement category: early-mandatory, retired for 6 months
My work was my main interest, because it was a form of earning a living, and consequently had to be a primary interest. On the whole, I felt successful and satisfied with what I was doing. I started in drafting and worked my way up. I earned a degree while I was working.
Frankly, I was looking forward to retirement when I got to be 65, because I had been in the game for such a long time. I felt that being 61 now, four more years of work would be just fine, and I would be ready to retire at 65.
My job didn't have any bad effect on my health, but there were periods when I was working under high tension; but on a permanent basis the job didn't interfere with my health.
Before I retired, outside of my work, we would socialize with friends, I would play golf, and I fished. I also went to lectures whenever there was the opportunity.
I had hoped to do a lot of traveling when I retired, because I was interested in historical things, and I hoped to see more of the country.


text:
There's a lot to be said for style over substance. Take the 2011 KIA Sportage. It's probably the most attractive car in the popular, competitive small crossover segment.Read More »
Sport Utility Vehicles
Tata Motors set to debut first crossover Aria to Indian market
Tata Motors is planning to launch the Aria, the crossover showcased earlier this year Auto Expo 2010 in Delhi, next month in India. The Araia will include enhanced features like six air-bags and ESP (Electronic Stability Program) and is the first of its kind in India.Read More »
Honda Crosstour, 2010: Roman Mica's Rambling Review
I've never been a huge fan of American station wagons. I spent countless hours in third-row jump seats without a seat belt. Facing backward, my so-called friends made rude gestures to shocked housewives stuck in traffic in their burgundy Chevy Impalas.Read More »
BMW, Ford, Honda, Volvo, Toyota among cars gone to the dogs
The American Automobile Association likes BMW, Volvo, Subaru, Honda, Hyundai, Mazda, Mini, Ford, Kia and Nissan. But the AAA likes the cars other drivers like for speed, innovation and reliability for another unique, important reason. The manufacturers' cars have gone to the dogs.Read More »

subset: commoncrawl


text:
350 AUTOMATIC DUAL EXHAUST... More
1970 Chevrolet Chevelle SS 454 LS6 Sport CoupeTo be OFFERED AT AUCTION at Auctions America's California event, July 17-18, 2015. Click here to view... More
- Matching numbers L34 396/350 HP engine- Matching numbers automatic transmission- Frame-off restoration- Two build sheets- Camaro Hi-Performance Certified- Super Chevy Editor's Choice award,... More
- Rust free- Tinted glass - Factory air conditioning- 3.73 Positraction rear end- Folding rear seat- Locking differential - Automatic transmission- 31 gallon fuel... More
- Matching numbers 350 CI V-8 engine- Automatic transmission- Factory leather interior- Rare Bryar Blue Metallic- Believed to be 5,070 actual miles- Factory air... More
- Pace Car Edition- 33,000 miles- 350 CI L82 engine- Automatic transmissionTo be sold at the Monterey 2015 auction, Monterey, CA, August 13-15, 2015.... More
Powered by the 350ci V8 with an automatic transmission. It is white with red interior. Runs and drives good. 1979 Chevrolet Corvette Please note, this... More
This Corvette, according to the consignor, has the original matching numbers 350ci V8 with an automatic transmission. With just 48,000 original miles, this Corvette... More
A documented real L78 396ci 375hp Chevelle that received a 7 year restoration with all NOS parts. It has a 4-speed manual transmission. Finished... More
A full custom Chevy Pickup with a 454ci V8 engine with loads of chrome. It has a mild cam, headers, a custom Air Ride... More
This one owner car has only 4,900 actual miles and is all original except for the battery. It is finished in its original Firethorn... More
350 CUBIC INCH V-8 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION POWER STEERING POWER BRAKES AIR CONDITIONING T-TOPS SADDLE INTERIOR ALL GAUGES WORK, INLCUDING CLOCK NEW STAINLESS EXHAUST FRONT & BACK BF GOODRICH RADIAL TA'S... More
This is a very clean, matching numbers car with full chrome and a 350ci 270hp V8 engine. It has an automatic transmission, factory air... More
This Spirit of America edition has just 13,000 original miles. It comes with its original build sheet. 1974 Chevrolet Caprice Spirit of America Please note,... More
- Steel Cities Gray- Matching numbers 350 CI engine- Automatic transmission- Power steering- Power brakes- Power windows- Tilt steering- LT1 hood- T-Tops... More


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The combination of video games and sex is so obvious that it's physically painful: guys play video games and guys also like nudity. If you can somehow combine these two things into one wonder product, you've given yourself a license to print sexy interactive money. But if it's that obvious, why is it so difficult to get right? After decades of pornographic video games, we're really no closer to getting it right. But we do have a comprehensive list of things not to do so future generations of smut peddlers can crack the da Vinci code of boning a Super Nintendo.
As Fighting Games
We live in a dangerous world. We know this because someone looked at Street Fighter II Turbo, realized they couldn't masturbate to it and set out to make an pornographic version of it. On paper it's not a terrible idea but in business you need to know your audience, and we're pretty sure fight-porn enthusiasts will have a difficult time buying a computer game while they take turns stabbing each other in Sing-Sing. If you're the sort of person who thinks a stripper isn't properly doing her job unless she's in a rear-naked choke, you'll love games like Strip Fighter. You're also banned from most strip clubs due to your tendency to choke out strippers.
There may have been a time when the concept of women fighting one another for the sake of PG-13 nudity was controversial for a video game, but 1995 certainly wasn't it. Japan's adult video game market wasn't exactly a tightly guarded secret, and while we won't comment on a consumer base that wants to turn fictional women into sex objects while simultaneously using them to beat the hell out of each other, we will say that Mahjong is slightly more interesting when you know there's an image of two school girls making sweet love to an octopus waiting for you underneath the tiles.
As a Form of Gambling
Sex and gambling have a lot in common, mostly that both involve risks and usually end in sobbing. Still, there's a cheap thrill in knowing that a single action could result in a moment's joy or the loss of your pants. Enter Strip Poker for the Apple II.
Despite how easy it is to gain access to a deck of cards, strip poker games are still being produced. If Isaac Asimov knew we'd still be living in a world where lonely men played strip poker with highly sophisticated technology in 2010, his resulting erection would tear through his casket like horses on Cole Porter. We assume this exists purely for computer programers and the blind, because no one else could possibly find static images of poorly pixilated women thrilling without having at least three bodies in their basement.
As a Children's Game
Poker is already a game devoid of morals, so let's say we ruin what little childhood innocence the Internet has yet to rob you of.
If the idea of playing a children's game while the threat of partial nudity constantly looms above you is enough to make your bull run, chances are no one other than the mailman is willing to visit your place of residence. Thankfully, your Nintendo DS can't judge you for your bizarre sexual desires and is instead programmed to fulfill your every demand, regardless of how incredibly creepy it may be.
Enter Strip Rock, Paper, Scissors, which holds the the title of "World's Saddest Attempt to Challenge Oneself for Pornography." It's not like rock, paper, scissors leaves a lot of room for stratagem and, given that you're playing against still images of nude women, you really have nothing to lose except precious seconds of your like waiting for your Nintendo DS to do something sexy. Meanwhile, the game's layout makes it look like you're threatening to punch, slap or poke the eyes out of the poor woman who's still wearing clothes.
As a BMX Game
Now admittedly, this is a pretty narrow field of games. In fact, intense research indicates that there is only one: BMX XXX. Because nothing says "uncontrollable boner" quite like the thought of a pelvis smashing into a bicycle seat.
Anyone who has spent ten minutes clicking "Random Page" on Wikipedia can tell you that there are a lot of weird kinks in the world of pornography. It's not entirely impossible to think that someone somewhere is thinking impure thoughts about a Huffy right now, but there is no way that those people rallied together and demanded Activision heed their cry for competitive naked biking. And if reviews are any indication, the six people that bought BMX XXX for more than novelty value feel it failed to meet their ever-so high standards of smut (anything with spokes).
As a Puzzle Game
Puzzle games are one of the few genres of video games that will actually teach you something. Naturally, someone had to rob them of that benefit by throwing boobs into the mix. They also tend to ignore the obvious flaw that it's much more difficult to properly rotate the L-shaped piece when all the blood in your body is suddenly rushing to your pants.
In Virus DS, the player must stop the spread of one of humanity's greatest threats while the nurse staff can't help but continually lose their clothing. Ignoring what effects this may have on a sterile work environment, this situation is simply too absurd to maintain suspended disbelief. If an actual nurse couldn't prevent herself from popping out of her top every ten minutes, the ensuing distraction would result in the loss of human life and a police investigation to be later featured on World's Funniest Medical Mishaps. It doesn't matter if you're a family physician or Dr. House; partial nudity trumps Ebola every time.
On an older and infinitely creepier note, X-Man presents you with a much more grim scenario; you want to bone but you're also trapped in a maze of God's cruel design. If you navigate the madness you're rewarded with the best sex scene an Atari 2600 can muster. On the surface, X-Man is an obvious metaphor for a man's willingness to endure anything for sex, and while it's acceptable that the average Joe can maintain an erection while locked in an intricate underground maze, it's much more reasonable to assume that his priorities change from sex to finding a decent pair of pants after completing the sixth or seventh labyrinth.
As Atari Games
Since we're on the subject of X-Man, let's talk about something else that shouldn't have happened.
When Game Designer A suggested making porno games for the Atari, Game Designer B should have promptly punched him in the ass as hard as he could. There's nothing inertly wrong with wanting to make video games with sex appeal, but when the technology you're working with looks like something a Megablocks set threw up it should be readily apparent that your dream will go unrealized. Still, Mystique developed nothing but these abominations, completely ignoring that the steadfast rule that you can't call something pornographic if you can't actually make out what it's supposed to be:
Ehxibit A: Bachelor Party. Without any appropriate context, this image simply displays a gross lack of knowledge about the basic mechanics of sex: one man charges head first into a herd of nude women in the hopes that maybe his penis will find it's way into something pleasant.
Ehxibit B: Custer's Revenge. If the thought of a woman bound to a cactus while you're trying to hide your mammoth genitals from a rain of arrows puts you in the mood for sex, you're either the world's kinkiest botanists or have spent so much time on the Internet that scenarios in standard pornography bore you to tears.
Ehxibit C: Beat 'em and Eat 'em. The problem here isn't that you can't make out what's happening. If the giant penis dangling from the rooftop is any indication, this image implies sex to at least one person. The challenge is trying to find this erotic while wondering when the police are going to come arrest the guy who's violently masturbating from the roof top onto the city sidewalks. There's got to be at least one health code violation there.
Written by Ben Dennison – Copyrighted © www.weirdworm.com
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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
Saving Afghanistan's archaeological sites
13 Sep 2013 13:13 GMT | Sport, Cricket, India
Rajasthan Royals players Shantakumaran Sreesanth and Ankeet Chavan have been banned for life by the Board of Control for Cricket in India for being involved in spot-fixing in this year's Indian Premier League.
Former player Amit Singh, a bookie, was banned for five years on Friday, and Royals pace bowler Siddharth Trivedi was banned for one year for failing to report an approach by bookies.
Harmeet Singh was let off due to lack of evidence after it was reported that he too had been approached by illegal bookies.
No decision was made on Royals spinner Ajit Chandila, who was arrested with Sreesanth and Chavan in May. Unlike the latter two, Chandila had been mainly in police custody since then until he was granted bail on Monday, and had not been available to talk to anti-corruption officer Ravi Sawani, who led the BCCI investigation.
The BCCI made the decisions "after considering the evidence on record and hearing each of the players in person,'' it said in a statement.
The players were still subject to an investigation by Indian police. Sreesanth, who played 27 Tests and 53 one-dayers for India to 2011, Chandila and Chavan, alleged to be the main accused, were said to be part of an elaborate plan in which bowlers gave away more than a specified number of runs per over in return for money from illegal bookies.
Their arrest led to the questioning of two prominent IPL officials.
Chennai Super Kings team principal Gurunath Meiyappan, son-in-law of BCCI president Narainswamy Srinivasan, spent two weeks in jail for being in touch with illegal bookies before receiving bail, while Royals co-owner Raj Kundra conceded to betting on matches but was not arrested.
Meiyappan and Kundra were cleared of their charges by a two-member BCCI judicial panel which was subsequently declared "illegal and unconstitutional'' for not being formed in line with the BCCI's own rules by the Bombay High Court. The BCCI has contested the order and the case is before the Supreme Court.
Several bookies and some other former domestic-level players were also alleged to be part of the spot-fixing racket which came to light within a year of a similar controversy of lesser proportions.
Last year, little-known all-rounder TP Sudhindra was handed a life ban after he was filmed in a sting operation by India TV, agreeing to bowl a no-ball at a predetermined time in a local Twenty20 game in the central Indian city of Indore.
Another uncapped player, Shalabh Srivastava, was given a five-year ban for agreeing to spot-fixing in the IPL even though he did not go on to do so.
Three others - Mohnish Mishra, Amit Yadav and Abhinav Bali - receive done-year bans for "loose talk and unsubstantiated bragging'' after they were shown on TV claiming to negotiate their IPL contracts illegally.
Source: AP
Pakistan cricketer admits guilt for the first time and accepts five-year ban after his role in spot-fixing scandal.
Sport, Cricket, Pakistan, United Kingdom
Future remains uncertain for Indian Premier League teams after disparity is found in the evidence by Bombay High Court.
Sport, Cricket, India
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Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardrocksongs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a tracking categoryIt is used to build and maintain lists of pages—primarily for the sake of the lists themselves. They are not part of the encyclopedia's categorization scheme.
Pages in category "Singlechart usages for Billboardrocksongs"
The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 323 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).(previous page) (next page)
(previous page) (next page)
- The A Team (song)
- Afraid (The Neighbourhood song)
- After Midnight (Blink-182 song)
- After the Disco (song)
- The Afterlife
- Ain't It Fun (Paramore song)
- Ain't No Rest for the Wicked
- All the Rage Back Home
- Alone Together (Fall Out Boy song)
- American Beauty/American Psycho (song)
- Angels Fall (Breaking Benjamin song)
- Anna Sun
- Arabella (song)
- Are You What You Want to Be?
- At or with Me
- Atlas (Coldplay song)
- Babel (song)
- Back to the Shack
- Bad Blood (Bastille song)
- Battle Born (song)
- Battle Cry (Imagine Dragons song)
- Because We Can
- Been Away Too Long
- Believe (Mumford & Sons song)
- Believer (American Authors song)
- Best Day of My Life
- Best Friend (Foster the People song)
- Bleeding Out (song)
- Blue Moon (Beck song)
- Bones (Young Guns song)
- Bravado (song)
- Bridge Burning
- Bridges (Broods song)
- Budapest (George Ezra song)
- Called Out in the Dark
- Came Back Haunted
- Can't Deny My Love
- Car Radio (song)
- Carried Away (Passion Pit song)
- Carry On (Fun song)
- Castle of Glass
- The Cave (song)
- Centuries (song)
- Charlie Brown (Coldplay song)
- Check My Brain
- Chocolate (The 1975 song)
- Christmas in L.A.
- Cigarette Daydreams
- Closer (Tegan and Sara song)
- Come a Little Closer (Cage the Elephant song)
- Come to Me (Goo Goo Dolls song)
- Come with Me Now
- Coming for You (song)
- Coming of Age (Foster the People song)
- Congregation (song)
- Country Boy (Aaron Lewis song)
- Crystallized (song)
- Crystals (song)
- Dangerous (Big Data song)
- Days Go By (The Offspring song)
- Dead Inside (song)
- Deal with the Devil (Pop Evil song)
- Deep Six (song)
- Defeated (Breaking Benjamin song)
- Demons (Imagine Dragons song)
- Diane Young
- Different Colors
- Dirty Paws
- Do I Wanna Know?
- Dog Days Are Over
- Dreams (Beck song)
- Drive By (song)
- Drown (Bring Me the Horizon song)
- Drown (Theory of a Deadman song)
- Drunk (Ed Sheeran song)
- Dust to Dust (song)
- Habits (Tove Lo song)
- Hail to the King (song)
- Half of My Heart
- Half-Truism
- Hallelujah (Panic! at the Disco song)
- Harlem (song)
- Hate to See Your Heart Break
- Heartbeat (The Fray song)
- Heartbreak Warfare
- Heaven (Depeche Mode song)
- Heaven Knows (The Pretty Reckless song)
- Heavy Is the Head (Zac Brown Band song)
- Hero (Family of the Year song)
- Hey, Soul Sister
- High Ball Stepper
- The High Road (Broken Bells song)
- The High Road (Three Days Grace song)
- Ho Hey
- Hold Back the River (James Bay song)
- Holdin on to Black Metal
- Holding On for Life
- Holding on to You
- Hollow (Alice in Chains song)
- Home (Phillip Phillips song)
- House of Gold
- The House of the Rising Sun
- Howlin' for You
- Human Race (Three Days Grace song)
- Hunger of the Pine
- I Am Machine
- I Bet My Life
- I Don't Want to Be Here Anymore
- I Wanna Get Better
- I Will Wait
- I Won't Let You Down (OK Go song)
- I'll Follow You
- I'll Go Crazy If I Don't Go Crazy Tonight
- I'm So Sorry
- If It's Love (Train song)
- Immortals (song)
- Invisible (U2 song)
- Irresistible (Fall Out Boy song)
- It's About Time (Young the Giant song)
- It's Time (Imagine Dragons song)
- Lane Boy
- Laura Palmer (song)
- Lazaretto (song)
- Left Hand Free
- Lego House
- Lessons in Love (All Day, All Night)
- Let Her Go (Passenger song)
- Lift Me Up (Five Finger Death Punch song)
- Lifted Up (1985)
- A Light That Never Comes
- Little Black Submarines
- Little Lion Man
- Little Talks
- Lonely Town (Brandon Flowers song)
- Lotus Flower (song)
- Louder Than Ever
- Love Alone Is Worth the Fight
- Love Don't Die
- Lover of the Light
- Lucky Now
- Madness (Muse song)
- Magic (Coldplay song)
- Maybe (Ingrid Michaelson song)
- Medicine (The 1975 song)
- Mercy (Muse song)
- Mess Is Mine
- Midnight (Coldplay song)
- Midnight City
- Mind Your Manners (Pearl Jam song)
- The Miracle (Of Joey Ramone)
- Miracles (Coldplay song)
- MoneyGrabber
- Monster (Imagine Dragons song)
- The Mother We Share
- Mountain Sound
- My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)


text:
1. The worst person ever.
2. Someone who fucks eighth graders.
2. Someone who fucks eighth graders.
Toof fucked another eighth grader yesterday.
by Davole October 11, 2006
11 more definitions
Top Definition
A tooth made of somthing besides ... um... tooth material.
I've got 20 plat-i-num teef!
by Zach G. November 06, 2003
the set of white things in our mouth.... in ebonics.
yo dawg my toof done falled owt a my mouf
by soap operas are gay June 13, 2006
Drastically misshapen teeth with gaps throughout, a lower form of teef.
"Err that Chalky bird, she's got proper toofs!"
by Cowfresh March 23, 2007
when you dont agree with what someone says
im not picking u on my team ur terrible at baseball.
by sloshedfacedzilla December 08, 2009
The sound made when one spits a ball of saliva out of their mouth.
Katelyn: UGH so much saliva in my mouth!
Jessica: Spit some out!
Katelyn: *TOOF*
Jessica: Spit some out!
Katelyn: *TOOF*
by turkeytom May 16, 2010
the appropriate representation for the n-word, stereotypical black person
look at that toof rocking the fitted and matching fake jordans.
by j2s12bbbbb April 11, 2009


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JWoww Shaping Up?
by Mike Stanz
posted Aug 21 2014 5:00AM
It's only been a month-and-a-half or so since
Jersey Shore
's JWoww pushed daughter Meilani into the world.
And already, she's back on the red carpet, this time for the premiere of her new horror comedy,
Jersey Shore Massacre
. Check out the
interview she gave
US Weekly
– printed uncensored, it would need an X rating.
She's not happy with the way, um, "
" is jiggling in her post-partum body. And she says some of Meilani's delivery will be seen on the upcoming season of
Snooki & JWoww
, and while no one needs to see her, um, "
lady parts
," we just might. Oh yeah, she, um, let's say "
" hated being pregnant.
Her body might be shaping up. Maybe she should be working on her pie hole. Um, sorry, "
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Eliminating 90 percent of the blocks in King's Pet Rescue Saga may seem easy enough, at least until you try it for yourself. Suddenly things don't go your way. A couple of silly moves is all it takes to put a literal wedge (in this case, a random green or blue block) between a group of red blocks, leaving you with no other alternative than to submit to the game's will. Fortunately, level three is easy enough that you should clear it in no time. [Download: iOS|Android]
Bethesda kicks off E3 with a plethora of looks at upcoming games. More »
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text:
ATG Survey Reveals Important Detail About Online Chat and Click-to-Call Strategy
Posted by Brad Strothkamp on December 18, 2009
- 558 Recommendations
- 0 comments
[Posted by Brad Strothkamp] --- [Follow Me on Twitter]
On Wednesday, a few colleagues along with myself sat down for a briefing with ATG around their interactive help services (formally eStara). The primary purpose of the call was to review results from a recent survey ATG (see full survey) had conducted around interactive help. While much of the data I had seen before in previous surveys done by Forrester or other vendors, one piece stood out that I wanted to share.
In speaking with clients that are considering interactive help services, I often get the question "Should I choose chat or click-to-call." My response for the last few years has been that it depends and the answer may be both. ATG presented a data point that shows by different situations what consumers preferences would be for either chat or click-to-call.
What is clear from this slide is that the more complex the product, the more involved the situation or the important the need for immediacy determines the better solution. Simple questions like product details or order options are fine for chat, but more complex situations like ordering issues require a phone call or in this case click-to-call.
Needless to say, this slide highlights the reason why "both" may be the right answer. An important thing to consider as you nail down your Web sales or servicing strategy.
Happy Holidays.
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Publications (140)318.97 Total impact
Article: Preparation and microwave dielectric properties of Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6–Ba3(VO4)2 composite ceramics for LTCC applications[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this work, the (1 − x)Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6–xBa3(VO4)2 (x = 0.1–0.35) ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid state reaction route. The phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a scanning electron microscope and a network analyzer. The XRD results indicated that the Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6 and Ba3(VO4)2 phases could well coexist without forming any secondary phases. The dielectric constant (ϵr) and quality factor (Q × f) values of the Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6 ceramic decreased with the addition of Ba3(VO4)2 phase, however its temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) value was improved significantly. Excellent microwave dielectric properties of ϵr ∼ 16.3, Q × f ∼ 50,084 GHz (at 8.64 GHz) and τf ∼ 1.5 ppm/°C were achieved for the x = 0.3 sample when sintered at 950 °C for 4 h. The chemical compatibility with Ag electrode indicated that the 0.7Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6–0.3Ba3(VO4)2 composite ceramic would be a promising material for the low temperature cofired ceramic applications.Materials Research Bulletin 08/2015; 68. DOI:10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.03.022 · 2.29 Impact Factor
Article: Sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of Li2O–B2O3–SiO2 doped MgTiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The influence of the addition of low-melting point Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 (LBS) on the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of commercial 0.95MgTiO3-0.05CaTiO3 (95MCT) was systematically investigated by means of an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope and a network analyzer. The results revealed that the addition of an appropriate amount of LBS enables the 95MCT composite ceramic to sinter in an obviously low sintering temperature, simultaneously leading to a more uniform and compact microstructure. Furthermore, favorable microwave dielectric properties of εr = 18.2, Qxf = 67,000 GHz (7.9 GHz), τf = −5.2 ppm/°C) were yielded in the 10 wt% LBS-doped 95MCT sample when sintered at 1025 °C for 4 h, indicating that LBS is an effective ternary firing agent when employed in 95MCT system. The relatively low sintering temperature together with acceptable microwave dielectric properties enable the composite ceramic to be a more potential alternative for the present patch antennas.Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics 01/2015; DOI:10.1007/s10854-015-3008-1 · 1.97 Impact Factor
Article: Low electric-field driven ultrahigh electrostrains in Sb-substituted (Na,K)NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lead-free (Na0.52K0.48)(Nb1−ySby)O3 (NKNSy) ferroelectric ceramics were reported to exhibit an ultrahigh electrostrain (dynamic d33* (=S/E) of 800–1100 pm/V) in a relatively low driving electric field range (1–4 kV/mm). As evidenced by in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements, the mechanism of generating large strains was ascribed to both the low-field induced reversible rhombohedral-monoclinic phase transition (1–2 kV/mm) and the enhanced domain switching (2–4 kV/mm) owing to the normal to relaxor phase transformation, which contribute to ∼62% and ∼38% of the total strain, respectively. The results indicate that the NKNSy compositions would have excellent potentials for applications of lead-free actuator ceramics.Applied Physics Letters 12/2014; 105(24):242903. DOI:10.1063/1.4904476 · 3.52 Impact Factor
Article: Temperature-insensitive large electrostrains and electric field induced intermediate phases in (0.7 − x)Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Large electrostrains (∼0.4% at 7 kV/mm) of the new (0.7 − x)Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 ((0.7 − x)BMT–xPMN–0.3PT) ceramics with x = 0.0–0.7 near the morphotropic phase boundary of the BMT–PT–PMN ternary system were found to be associated with the evolution of the compositionally modulated dielectric relaxor behavior. As disclosed by in situ high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, more intermediate phases of different symmetries induced by external fields largely contribute to smaller strain hysteresis (∼23%) of PMN-rich compositions than BMT-rich ones. Particularly, the x = 0.2 sample exhibits temperature-insensitive electrostrains of ∼0.3% at 5 kV/mm varying less than 10% from room temperature up to 160 °C, which is mainly attributed to the coexistence of two kinds of relaxor states in a broad temperature range owing to special static domain structures typical for BMT-rich compositions. These findings provide a new approach toward an appropriate compositional design for low-hysteresis temperature-insensitive large electrostrains in BMT-based relaxor ferroelectrics.Journal of the European Ceramic Society 12/2014; 34(16):4235–4245. DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.07.017 · 2.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report a series of ReVO4 (Re = La, Ce) microwave dielectric ceramics fabricated by a standard solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements were performed to explore the phase purity, sintering behavior, and microstructure. The analysis revealed that pure and dense monoclinic LaVO4 ceramics with a monazite structure and tetragonal CeVO4 ceramics with a zircon structure could be obtained in their respective sintering temperature range. Furthermore, LaVO4 and CeVO4 ceramics sintered at 850°C and 950°C for 4 h possessed out-bound microwave dielectric properties: εr = 14.2, Q × f = 48197 GHz, τf = −37.9 ppm/°C, and εr = 12.3, Q × f = 41 460 GHz, τf = −34.4 ppm/°C, respectively. The overall results suggest that the ReVO4 ceramics could be promising materials for low-temperature-cofired ceramic technology.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 12/2014; DOI:10.1111/jace.13378 · 2.43 Impact Factor
Article: Effect of Li2O–V2O5 addition on the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of Li3(Mg1−xZnx)2NbO6 ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effect of Zn2+ substitution on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Li3Mg2NbO6 ceramic was investigated. The compositions of Li3(Mg1−xZnx)2NbO6 (0≤x≤0.1) ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phase structure, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li3(Mg1−xZnx)2NbO6 ceramics were analyzed via an X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope as well as a network analyzer. All samples sintered at 1080-1240 °C for 4 h remained a single orthorhombic structure, which could be indexed according to the Li3Mg2NbO6 phase (JCPDS-PDF #86-0346). The microwave dielectric properties of Li3(Mg1−xZnx)2NbO6 ceramics exhibited significant dependence on the sintering condition, microstructure and composition. Excellent microwave dielectric properties (εr~17.2, Q×f~142,331 GHz, τf~−23.2 ppm/°C) were obtained in the x=0.08 sample sintered at 1120 °C for 4 h in air. In addition, the 0.17Li2O-0.83V2O5 composition was added as a sintering aid to lower the sintering temperature. The 0.5 wt% 0.17Li2O-0.83V2O5 added Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6 ceramic showed fairly good microwave dielectric properties of εr~14, Q×f~83,395 GHz, τf~−37.2 ppm/°C when sintered at 925 °C for 2 h. Furthermore, there was no chemical reaction between Ag electrode and the sintering aid added sample, which further demonstrates that the Li3(Mg0.92Zn0.08)2NbO6 ceramic modified with 0.17Li2O-0.83V2O5 would be a promising candidate material for low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) applications.Ceramics International 12/2014; 40(10):15677-15684. DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.090 · 2.09 Impact Factor
Article: Structure-Dependent Microwave Dielectric Properties and Middle-Temperature Sintering of Forsterite (Mg1–xNix)2SiO4 Ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The crystal structure, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of forsterite-based (Mg1–xNix)2SiO4 (x = 0.02–0.20) ceramics were systematically investigated. All samples present a single forsterite phase of an orthorhombic structure with a space group Pbnm except for a little MgSiO3 secondary phase as x > 0.08. Lattice parameters in all axes decrease linearly with increasing Ni content due to the smaller ionic radius of Ni2+ compared to Mg2+. The substitution of an appropriate amount of Ni2+ could greatly improve the sintering behavior and produce a uniform and closely packed microstructure of the Mg2SiO4 ceramics such that a superior Q × f value (152 300 GHz) can be achieved as x = 0.05. The τf value was found to increase with increasing A-site ionic bond valences. In addition, various additives were used as sintering aids to lower the sintering temperature from 1500°C to the middle sintering temperature range. Excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr~6.9, Q × f~99800 GHz and τf~−50 ppm/°C can be obtained for 12 wt% Li2CO3-V2O5-doped (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2SiO4 ceramics sintered at 1150°C for 4 h.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 11/2014; 98(3). DOI:10.1111/jace.13347 · 2.43 Impact Factor
Article: Phase-Composition-Dependent Piezoelectric and Electromechanical Strain Properties in (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–Ba(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3 Lead-Free Ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: New lead-free perovskite solid solution ceramics of (1 − x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–xBa(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3[(1−x)BNT–xBNN,x = 0.02–0.06) were prepared and their dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were investigated as a function of the BNN content. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the addition of BNN has induced a morphotropic phase transformation from rhombohedral to pseudocubic symmetry approximately at x = 0.045, accompanying an evolution of dielectric relaxor behavior as characterized by enhanced dielectric diffuseness and frequency dispersion. In the proximity of the ferroelectric rhombohedral and pseudocubic phase coexistence zone, the x = 0.045 ceramics exhibited optimal piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling properties of d33~121 pC/N and kp~0.27 owing to decreased energy barriers for polarization switching. However, further addition of BNN could cause a decrease in freezing temperatures of polar nanoregions till the coexistence of nonergodic and ergodic relaxor phases occurred near room temperature, especially for the x = 0.05 sample which has negligible negative strains and thus show the maximum electrostrain of 0.3% under an external electric field of 7 kV/mm, but almost vanished piezoelectric properties. This was attributed to the fact that the induced long-range ferroelectric order could reversibly switch back to its original ergodic state upon removal of external electric fields.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 11/2014; 98(3). DOI:10.1111/jace.13363 · 2.43 Impact Factor
Article: Comparative study of the effect of domain structures on piezoelectric properties in three typical Pb-free piezoceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effect of domain structures on the piezoelectric properties of three typical lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBa-TiO3 (Na0.52K0.48-x)(Nb0.95-xTa0.05)O-3-xLiSbO(3) and 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3, have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. By adding BaTiO3 in single phase Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, domain structure changed from irregular domains into submicron lamellar domains and polar nano-regions. While in the later two system, regular submicron domains with nanodomains inside formed, which is an important feature of these two systems. It is suggested that the changes in domain structures in these systems have a dominant effect in the enhancement of the piezoelectric properties, comparing with single phase Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, Na0.5K0.5NbO3 and BaTiO3.Ceramics International 09/2014; 40(8):13565-13571. DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.05.070 · 2.09 Impact Factor
Article: Large strains accompanying field-induced ergodic phase-polar ordered phase transformations in Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ternary system[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A composition-induced pseudocubic–tetragonal structural transition was found to be accompanied by a relaxor phase transformation in xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–(0.75 − x)PbTiO3–0.25(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ternary solid solutions. Dielectric and ferroelectric measurements suggest the coexistence of ergodic and nonergodic relaxor phases within a single pseudocubic phase zone for samples with 0.50 < x < 0.51 where large electromechanical strains of up to 0.43% (Smax/Emax = 621 pm/V) can be generated. The mechanism was mainly ascribed to the accumulated effects of field-modulated continuous and reversible transformations from a pseudocubic ergodic phase to a rhombohedral short-range ordered phase (but not nonergodic polar phase), and finally to a long-range ordered ferroelectric tetragonal phase. These procedures were found to be strongly dependent on the applied field magnitudes. These findings were reasonably approved by a couple of measurements such as dielectric–temperature–frequency spectrum, ferroelectric polarization/strain hysteresis loops, polarization current density curves and particularly ex situ Raman spectrum and in situ high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction.Journal of the European Ceramic Society 09/2014; 34(10):2299–2309. DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.01.040 · 2.31 Impact Factor
Article: Preparation and multiferroic properties of 2-2 type CoFe2O4/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 composite films with different structures[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: 2-2 Type layered CFO/PZT (CoFe2O4/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3) magnetoelectric composite films with four different structures were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates via a sol-gel method. These films annealed at 700 °C contain PZT and CFO phase without impurity phases. The prepared composite films exhibit 2-2 type layered structures with obvious interfaces and no diffusions exist between CFO and PZT films. Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric responses were simultaneously observed in the composite films. These composite films exhibit good magnetoelectric coupling effects and the magnetoelectric voltage coefficients (αE) increase with increasing the volume contents of CFO films in composite films. The αE value of composite film (2PZT/4CFO/2PZT/4CFO/2PZT) reaches a maximum (227 mV cm−1 Oe−1) among all the prepared composite films.Ceramics International 08/2014; 40(7):9249-9256. DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.01.146 · 2.09 Impact Factor
Article: Experimental determination of the uniaxial viscosity of low-temperature co-fired ceramic tapes by vertical sintering[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper reports the experimental determination of the uniaxial viscosity for ceramic tapes made of three commercially available low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC), DuPont 951 (glass-ceramic), Ferro A6M (glass) and Yinfeng 8.5 (glass) by utilizing a novel vertical sintering in an optical dilatometer. The green tapes were vertically sintered at different isothermal temperatures ranging from 760 °C to 820 °C under their own weights. The densification behavior was systematically investigated through the measured sintering strains and the uniaxial viscosity was determined as a function of relative density based on a theoretical equation developed for ceramic tapes. The calculated uniaxial viscosities were compared with a previously reported model and good agreements were achieved. The activation energy for the uniaxial viscosity was found to be independent of the relative density and showed an average value of 290±47 kJ/mol for the DuPont tapes but was not accessible currently for the other glass-based LTCC tapes.Ceramics International 08/2014; 40(7):9367-9375. DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.02.004 · 2.09 Impact Factor
Article: Temperature driven nano-domain evolution in lead-free Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-50(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 piezoceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hierarchical micro- and nanoscale domain structures in Pb-free Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3-50(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 piezoceramics were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In situ heating and cooling studies of domain structure evolution reveal an irreversible domain transformation from a wedge-shaped rhombohedral nanodomain structure to a lamellar tetragonal domain structure, which could be associated with strong piezoelectricity in Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3-50(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 piezoceramics. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.Applied Physics Letters 07/2014; 105(3):032903-032903-4. DOI:10.1063/1.4891756 · 3.52 Impact Factor
Article: Bismuth sodium titanate based lead-free ceramic/epoxy 1–3 composites: fabrication and electromechanical properties[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The 1–3 piezocomposites based on 0.96Bi0.5(Na0.84K0.16)0.5TiO3–0.04SrTiO3 (BNKT–ST) were fabricated by a modified dice-fill method. Electro-mechanical properties of the composites as a function of the ceramic volume fraction (v) were measured and compared with theoretical values as well as with those of monolithic ceramics. The as-prepared piezocomposite with v = 0.276 showed a clear single thickness mode with a relatively high resonance frequency of more than 2 MHz, together with a relatively high piezoelectric strain constant (d 33 ~ 104 pC/N), a high thickness coupling coefficient (k t ~ 0.547), low acoustic impedance (Z ~ 9 Mrayls) and a large piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g 33 ~ 91.5 × 10−3 m2/C). From the practical application point of view, these promising results indicate that the BNKT–ST ceramic/epoxy 1–3 composite has great potential to be used in biomedical ultrasonic transducers as well as nondestructive evaluations.Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics 06/2014; 25(6):2730-2736. DOI:10.1007/s10854-014-1936-9 · 1.97 Impact Factor
Article: Graphene nanocluster decorated niobium oxide nanofibers for visible light photocatalytic applications[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we report a novel nanocomposite of graphene nanocluster decorated Nb2O5 nanofibers. With the structural modification, the photocatalytically active region of Nb2O5 has been significantly extended from the UV region to the UV-Vis region (from 380 nm to 800 nm in the adsorption edge); and hence, the visible light photocatalytic performance has been greatly improved. Detailed structural analysis revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the graphene nanocluster decorated Nb2O5 nanofibers could be mainly attributed to the modification of the bandgaps by the clusters and the unique orientation of graphene layers (nearly perpendicular to the Nb2O5/C interface, which is quite different from classical "core–shell" composites). We believe that the findings suggest a potential candidate for visible-light photocatalytic applications and would inspire further studies.05/2014; 2(22). DOI:10.1039/C4TA00365A
Article: Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and strain properties in CaZrO3-modified Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 solid solutions[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, strain properties of (0.89 − x)Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–xPbTiO3–0.11CaZrO3 ceramics (x = 0.45–0.55) were investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary between rhombohedral relaxor and tetragonal normal ferroelectric phases was identified in the composition range of 0.49 < x < 0.51. Moreover, a phase transition from ergodic to nonergodic relaxor states was noticed in the composition range of 0.45 < x < 0.51 with increasing the PbTiO3 content, during which a giant electric field induced strain (∼0.32%, d33*∼640pm/V) was observed in the proximity of x = 0.48. Such a giant strain is believed to originate from the field induced reversible phase transformation between ergodic relaxor and the long-range ferroelectric phase and this was further confirmed by the measurements of the temperature-dependent ferroelectric polarization/strain loops.Journal of Alloys and Compounds 04/2014; 591:218–223. DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.229 · 2.73 Impact Factor
Article: Normal-Relaxor-Diffuse Ferroelectric Phase Transition and Electrical Properties of Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 Solid Solution Ceramics Near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Perovskite-type xBi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–(0.56 − x)PbZrO3–0.44PbTiO3 (xBMT–PZ–PT) ternary solid solution ceramics were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase transition behaviors, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were investigated as a function of the BMT content. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the tetragonality of xBMT–PZ–PT was enhanced with increasing the BMT content, and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal phases was identified approximately in the composition of x = 0.08. In addition, the dielectric diffuseness and frequency dispersion behavior were induced with the addition of BMT and a normal-relaxor-diffuse ferroelectric transformation was observed from the PZ-rich side to the BMT-rich side. The electrical properties of xBMT–PZ–PT ceramics exhibit obviously compositional dependence. The x = 0.08 composition not only possessed the optimum properties with εT33/ε0 = 1450, Qm = 69, d33 = 390 pC/N, kp = 0.46, Pr = 30 μC/cm2, Ec = 1.4 kV/mm, Tc = 325°C, and a strain of 0.174% (d33* = 436 pm/V) under an electric field of 4 kV/mm as a result of the coexistence of two ferroelectric phases near the MPB, but also owned a good thermal-depolarization behavior with a d33 value of >315 pC/N up to 290°C and a frequency-insensitive strain behavior.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 03/2014; 97(6). DOI:10.1111/jace.12874 · 2.43 Impact Factor
Article: Surfactant-free solvothermal synthesis and optical characterization of Bi2Fe4O9 in mixed H2O/EtOH solvent[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bi2Fe4O9 powders with different morphology and particle size have been prepared via surfactant-free solvothermal route with water and water–ethanol mixed solvents. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. The effect of the solvent on the morphology of Bi2Fe4O9 crystals and the formation process of rod-like microrods and defective crystals were investigated. Rod-like and cubic shape Bi2Fe4O9 crystals could be easily obtained by changing the volume ratios of H2O/EtOH. The results indicate that the rod-like Bi2Fe4O9 crystals could be formed in the more ionic solvent, and the anisotropic nature of the crystal structure may be responsible for the formation of rod-shape. In addition, the optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the Bi2Fe4O9 samples were investigated. The lower photocatalytic activity of Bi2Fe4O9 microrods could be attributed to their larger particle size, smaller specific surface areas and smaller bandgap.Powder Technology 03/2014; 254:30–35. DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.013 · 2.27 Impact Factor
Article: Dielectric Relaxor Evolution and Frequency-Insensitive Giant Strains in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-Modified Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The 0.45Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–(0.55 − x)PbTiO3–x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BMT–PT–xBNT) ternary solid solution ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid-state reaction method; the evolution of dielectric relaxor behavior and the electrostrain features were investigated. The XRD and dielectric measurements showed that all studied compositions own a single pseudocubic perovskite structure and undergo a diffuse-to-relaxor phase transition owing to the evolution of the domain from a frozen state to a dynamic state. The formation of the above dielectric relaxor behavior was further confirmed by a couple of measurements such as polarization loops, polarization current density curves, as well as bipolar strain loops. A large strain value of ~0.41% at a driving field of 7 kV/mm (normalized strain d33* of ~590 pm/V) was obtained at room temperature for the composition with x = 0.32, which is located near the boundary between ergodic and nonergodic relaxor. Moreover, this electric field-induced large strain was found to own a frequency-insensitive characteristic.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 02/2014; 97(6). DOI:10.1111/jace.12841 · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The novel low-temperature sinterable (1 − x)Ba3(VO4)2–xLiMg0.9Zn0.1PO4 microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by cofiring the mixtures of pure-phase Ba3(VO4)2 and LiMg0.9Zn0.1PO4. The phase structure and grain morphology of the ceramics were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that Ba3(VO4)2 and LiMg0.9Zn0.1PO4 phases can well coexist in the sintered body. Nevertheless, a small amount of LiZnPO4 and some vanadate phases with low melting points were observed, which not only can influence the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramic but also can obviously improve the densification behavior at a relatively low sintering temperature. The near-zero temperature coefficients of the resonant frequency (τf) could be achieved by adjusting the relative content of the two phases owing to their opposite τf values and simultaneously a desirable quality factor Q × f value can be maintained. No chemical reaction between the matrix ceramic phase and Ag took place after sintering at 800°C for 4 h. The ceramics with 45 vol% LiMg0.9Zn0.1PO4 can be well sintered at only 800°C and exhibit excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr ~ 10, Q × f ~ 64 500 GHz, and τf ~ −2.1 ppm/°C, thus showing a great potential as a low-permittivity low-temperature cofired microwave dielectric material.Journal of the American Ceramic Society 12/2013; 96(12). DOI:10.1111/jace.12613 · 2.43 Impact Factor
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