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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Project Profile: Thermochemical Storage with Anhydrous Ammonia...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
The system is charged when ammonia, NH3, is heated in the Endothermic reactor by the sun (Qsol) transforming it into N2 and H2. These gasses are then cooled and stored in the...
Retention of anhydrous ammonia as influenced by clay mineral types, cations, temperature and moisture
E-Print Network [OSTI]
to various temperature levels . . . . . ~ 20 5a 6. 70 Ammoni. a retained sxuressed as psr cent of cation-exchange capacity for olays treated with anhydrous ammonia prior to heating to various temperature levels . ~. . . . . . ~ ~ . 21 Ammonia retained... encountered in the use of anhydrous ammoni. . . REVIEW OF LITER4TURE Some of the early work with anhydx ous ammonia was done by anderson, et al. (2), and Enderson and Eattson (3). St that t1ms anhydrous ammonia as sn inorganic source of nitrogen fertiliaer...
McBee, George G
Rapid Ammonia Gas Transport Accounts for Futile Transmembrane Cycling under NH3/NH4
Rapid Ammonia Gas Transport Accounts for Futile Transmembrane Cycling under NH3/NH4 + Toxicity) seedlings is predominately of the gaseous NH3 species, rather than the NH4 + ion. Influx of 13 NH3/13 NH4 + , which exceeded 200 mmol g1 h1 , was not commensurate with membrane depolarization or increases in root
Britto, Dev T.
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric ammonia nh3 Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
assessment of ammonia as a Summary: it well suited as a medium in cooling systems, heat pumps and similar systems. Ammonia NH3 is a colourless... outlet is blocked. Absorbers...
Global distributions, time series and error characterization of atmospheric ammonia (NH[subscript 3]) from IASI satellite observations
Ammonia (NH[subscript 3]) emissions in the atmosphere have increased substantially over the past decades, largely because of intensive livestock production and use of fertilizers. As a short-lived species, NH[subscript 3] ...
Van Damme, M.
An investigation of some of the effects of anhydrous ammonia on the clay minerals montmorillonite and illite
* For most plants, it is as good a source of nitrogen as any other ammoniacal form of nitrogen. The effects of ammonia on the soil have not been worked out as clearly as the effects of ammonia on plants. In recent years deterioration of the physical... potassium but less than illite. Stanford (25) found that K+ was fixed only if the material was dried. Sohn and Peech (24.), in a study of New York soils, found the highest amounts of ammonia were fixed by acid soils containing large amounts of organic...
Whiteley, Eli Lamar
Preventing Theft of Anhydrous Ammonia
to occur in waves, with thieves striking the same location several times. Thefts have occurred at such unlikely places as refrig- eration systems, underground pipelines and rail cars. However, most criminals steal from above-ground tanks on farms... such as bottles or tanks may be left behind; these pose a risk to anyone who comes across them and handles them. Signs of Theft Evidence of theft includes valves not tightly closed or that seem to have been tampered with, footprints in the soil, and tire...
Smith, David
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia oxidation pt--pd--rd Sample Search...
ammonia emissions... gaseous ammonia (NH3) which through chemical reaction in rainwater changes into ammonium ion (NH4 Source: Aneja, Viney P. - Department of Marine,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia oxidizer 16s Sample Search Results
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia release method Sample Search Results
ammonia emissions... gaseous ammonia (NH3) which through chemical reaction in rainwater changes into ammonium ion (NH4... Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords:...
Quasielastic neutron scattering of -NH3 and -BH3 rotational dynamics...
Quasielastic neutron scattering of -NH3 and -BH3 rotational dynamics in orthorhombic ammonia borane. Quasielastic neutron scattering of -NH3 and -BH3 rotational dynamics in...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia results review Sample Search Results
ammonia emissions... gaseous ammonia (NH3) which through chemical reaction in rainwater changes into ammonium ion ... Source: Aneja, Viney P. - Department of Marine,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia percolated wheat Sample Search...
Project Profile: Thermochemical Storage with Anhydrous Ammonia: Optimizing
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Careerlumens_placard-green.epsEnergy1.pdfMarket |21,-CommitteeItemsHiTek logo HiTek
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide with ammonia using Cu-ZSM-5 and Va-based honeycomb monolith catalysts: effect of H2 pretreatment, NH3-to-NO ratio, O2, and space velocity
In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based (Cu-ZSM-5) and vanadium-based honeycomb monolith catalysts was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3. The aim was to delineate the effect...
Gupta, Saurabh
Kinetics Study of Solid Ammonia Borane Hydrogen Release &ndash...
Hydrogen Abstract: Ammonia borane (AB), NH3BH3, is a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage with 19.6 wt% gravimetric hydrogen capacity of which 16.2 wt% hydrogen...
Process for synthesis of ammonia borane for bulk hydrogen storage
DOE Patents [OSTI]
The present invention discloses new methods for synthesizing ammonia borane (NH.sub.3BH.sub.3, or AB). Ammonium borohydride (NH.sub.4BH.sub.4) is formed from the reaction of borohydride salts and ammonium salts in liquid ammonia. Ammonium borohydride is decomposed in an ether-based solvent that yields AB at a near quantitative yield. The AB product shows promise as a chemical hydrogen storage material for fuel cell powered applications.
Autrey, S Thomas [West Richland, WA; Heldebrant, David J [Richland, WA; Linehan, John C [Richland, WA; Karkamkar, Abhijeet J [Richland, WA; Zheng, Feng [Richland, WA
Baseload Solar Power for California? Ammonia-based Solar Energy Storage Using Trough Concentrators
Baseload Solar Power for California? Ammonia-based Solar Energy Storage Using Trough Concentrators to eventually optimise the reactor geometry for ammonia-based solar energy storage with troughs, which.1. Storing Solar Energy with Ammonia H2 / N2 gas liquid NH3 Heat Exchangers Power Generation (Steam Cycle
A Review Of Water Contents Of Nominally Anhydrous Natural Minerals...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Water Contents Of Nominally Anhydrous Natural Minerals In The Mantles Of Earth, Mars And The Moon Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal...
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Cosmic rays are possibly the main agents to prevent the freeze-out of molecules onto grain surfaces in cold dense clouds. Ammonia (NH{sub 3}) is one of the most abundant molecules present in dust ice mantles, with a concentration of up to 15% relative to water (H{sub 2}O). FTIR spectroscopy is used to monitor pure NH{sub 3} and NH{sub 3}-H{sub 2}O ice samples as they are irradiated with Ni and Zn ion beams (500-600 MeV) at GANIL/France. New species, such as hydrazine (N{sub 2}H{sub 4}), diazene (N{sub 2}H{sub 2} isomers), molecular hydrogen (H{sub 2}), and nitrogen (N{sub 2}) were identified after irradiation of pure NH{sub 3} ices. Nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}), and hydroxylamine (NH{sub 2}OH) are some of the products of the NH{sub 3}-H{sub 2}O ice radiolysis. The spectral band at 6.85 {mu}m was observed after irradiation of both types of ice. Besides the likely contribution of ammonium (NH{sub 4}{sup +}) and amino (NH{sub 2}) radicals, data suggest a small contribution of NH{sub 2}OH to this band profile after high fluences of irradiation of NH{sub 3}-H{sub 2}O ices. The spectral shift of the NH{sub 3} ''umbrella'' mode (9.3 {mu}m) band is parameterized as a function of NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O ratio in amorphous ices. Ammonia and water destruction cross-sections are obtained, as well as the rate of NH{sub 3}-H{sub 2}O (1:10) ice compaction, measured by the OH dangling bond destruction cross-section. Ammonia destruction is enhanced in the presence of H{sub 2}O in the ice and a power law relationship between stopping power and NH{sub 3} destruction cross-section is verified. Such results may provide relevant information for the evolution of molecular species in dense molecular clouds.
Bordalo, V.; Da Silveira, E. F. [Departamento de Fisica/Laboratorio do Acelerador Van de Graaff, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marques de S. Vicente 225, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Lv, X. Y.; Domaracka, A.; Rothard, H.; Boduch, P. [Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Materiaux et la Photonique (CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Universite de Caen-Basse Normandie), CIMAP-CIRIL-GANIL, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 05 (France); Seperuelo Duarte, E., E-mail: email@example.com [Grupo de Fisica e Astronomia, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lucio Tavares 1045, 26530-060 Nilopolis, RJ (Brazil)
Study of the effects of interleakage of ammonia and seawater on corrosion and scaling of candidate materials for OTEC heat exchngers. Final report
Assessment has been made on the effect of small concentrations of ammonia in seawater and varying concentrations of seawater in anhydrous ammonia upon corrosion and scaling of candidate OTEC heat exchanger materials - A1-5052, Alclad 3003, copper alloys 706, 715 and 722, AL-6X stainless steel and CP titanium. Results are presented. AL-6X stainless steel and CP titanium showed exceptional corrosion resistance to all test environments. Alclad alloy 3003 showed satisfactory performance in seawater and seawater plus ammonia environments. Only minimal pitting was observed and this was limited to the sacrificial cladding in seawater plus ammonia only. Cladding alloy 7072 showed unacceptable corrosion resistance in anhydrous ammonia containing low seawater concentrations. Al-5052 tubes showed unsatisfactory corrosion behavior in the presence of seawater flow with ammonia interleakage. Copper alloys considered showed unacceptable corrosion resistance in all seawater environments containing ammonia. Low pressure differentials between seawater and anhydrous ammonia in the tube testing unit resulted in scaling and moderately efficient plug seal formation at the artificial leak sites of the tubes. It is recommended that Alclad 3003, CP titanium and AL-6X stainless steel tubes be assessed for suitability in the presence of probable OTEC cleaning systems.
Grimes, W D; Schrieber, C F; Manning, J A
Evaluation of calcium chloride and ammonium thiosulfate as ammonia volatilization inhibitors for surface-applied urea
(Fenn and Kissel, 1973). Ammonia exiting the soil chainber with the air-flow was captured in a boric acid indicator trap containing 40 mL of boric acid indicator solution. The boric acid indicator traps were changed every 24 h and titrated... as 90%. Calcium chloride reacts with the (NH4)2CO2 formed during urea hydrolysis in the following manner: (NH4)2CO2 + CaC12 CaCO& + 2NH4C1 Ammonium chloride is a slightly acidic product and does not produce (NH4)2CO2 in a calcareous soil. Ammonia...
Sloan, John J.
Measurements of Ammonia at Blodgett Forest
Ammonia is a reactive trace gas that is emitted in large quantities by animal agriculture and other sources in California, which subsequently forms aerosol particulate matter, potentially affecting visibility, climate, and human health. We performed initial measurements of NH{sub 3} at the Blodgett Forest Research Station (BFRS) during a 3 week study in June, 2006. The site is used for ongoing air quality research and is a relatively low-background site in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Measured NH{sub 3} mixing ratios were quite low (< 1 to {approx}2 ppb), contrasting with typical conditions in many parts of the Central Valley. Eddy covariance measurements showed NH{sub 3} fluxes that scaled with measured NH{sub 3} mixing ratio and calculated aerodynamic deposition velocity, suggesting dry deposition is a significant loss mechanism for atmospheric NH{sub 3} at BFRS. A simple model of NH{sub 3} transport to the site supports the hypothesis that NH{sub 3} is transported from the Valley to BFRS, but deposits on vegetation during the summer. Further work is necessary to determine whether the results obtained in this study can be generalized to other seasons.
Fischer, Marc L.; Littlejohn, David
Characterization of the selective reduction of NO by NH/sub 3/
The selective reduction of NO by NH/sub 3/ addition has been studied in a lean-burning oil-fired laboratory combustion tunnel as a function of equivalence ratio, NH/sub 3/ injection temperature, concentration of NH/sub 3/ added, and the source of NO. Ammonia breakthrough was found to depend strongly on the NH/sub 3/ addition temperature. The total concentration of nitrogen containing species other N/sub 2/, NO, and NH/sub 3/ was measured with a variety of techniques and was found to be less than 5 ppM over the range of conditions studied.
Lucas, D.; Brown, N.J.
Materials corrosion in ammonia/solid heat pump working media
Salt/ammonia complexes will undergo thermal cycles during use as working media for heat pumps. The interaction between container materials and complexes under thermal cyclic conditions was assessed to screen possible containment materials. Aluminum alloys 3003, 1100, and 6063 and carbon steel A214 were tested against possible heat pump working media SrCl{sub 2}/NH{sub 3}, CaBr{sub 2}/NH{sub 3}, and CaCl{sub 2}/NH{sub 3}. None of the containment materials showed susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking. While all the materials demonstrated excellent general corrosion resistance to SrCl{sub 2}/NH{sub 3}, only A214 displayed good general corrosion resistance to CaCl{sub 2}/NH{sub 3}. The complex CaBr{sub 2}/NH{sub 3} was found to be subject to thermal cyclic instability and should not be used as a heat pump working medium.
Wilson, D.F.; Howell, M.; DeVan, J.H.
Compact anhydrous HCl to aqueous HCl conversion system
The present invention is directed to an inexpensive and compact apparatus adapted for use with a .sup.196 Hg isotope separation process and the conversion of anhydrous HCl to aqueous HCl without the use of air flow to carry the HCl vapor into the converter system.
Grossman, Mark W. (Belmont, MA); Speer, Richard (S. Hamilton, MA)
Ammonia and ammonium hydroxide sensors for ammonia/water absorption machines: Literature review and data compilation
This report describes an evaluation of various sensing techniques for determining the ammonia concentration in the working fluid of ammonia/water absorption cycle systems. The purpose of this work was to determine if any existing sensor technology or instrumentation could provide an accurate, reliable, and cost-effective continuous measure of ammonia concentration in water. The resulting information will be used for design optimization and cycle control in an ammonia-absorption heat pump. PNL researchers evaluated each sensing technology against a set of general requirements characterizing the potential operating conditions within the absorption cycle. The criteria included the physical constraints for in situ operation, sensor characteristics, and sensor application. PNL performed an extensive literature search, which uncovered several promising sensing technologies that might be applicable to this problem. Sixty-two references were investigated, and 33 commercial vendors were identified as having ammonia sensors. The technologies for ammonia sensing are acoustic wave, refractive index, electrode, thermal, ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET), electrical conductivity, pH/colormetric, and optical absorption. Based on information acquired in the literature search, PNL recommends that follow-on activities focus on ISFET devices and a fiber optic evanescent sensor with a colormetric indicator. The ISFET and fiber optic evanescent sensor are inherently microminiature and capable of in situ measurements. Further, both techniques have been demonstrated selective to the ammonium ion (NH{sub 4}{sup +}). The primary issue remaining is how to make the sensors sufficiently corrosion-resistant to be useful in practice.
Anheier, N.C. Jr.; McDonald, C.E.; Cuta, J.M.; Cuta, F.M.; Olsen, K.B.
Laboratory-measured H2SO4-H2O-NH3 ternary homogeneous nucleation rates: Initial observations
-ammonia (H2SO4-H2O-NH3) ternary homogeneous nucleation (THN), with a fast flow nucleation reactor attached. 1. Introduction [2] Nucleation is a gas-to-particle conversion process [Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006
Lee, Shan-Hu
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Pennsylvania
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 1 Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Pennsylvania During Cold of reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions are under study. Ammonia emissions during cold weather conditions from
Kentucky, University of
Vibrational spectroscopy of the ammoniated ammonium ions NH sub 4 sup + (NH sub 3 ) sub n (n = 1-10)
The gas-phase vibration-internal rotation spectra of mass-selected ammoniated ammonium ions, NH{sub 4}{sup +}(NH{sub 3}){sub n} (for n = 1-10), have been observed from 2600 to 4000 cm{sup {minus}1}. The spectra show vibrational features that have been assigned to modes involving both the ion core species, NH{sub 4}{sup +}, and the first shell NH{sub 3} solvent molecules. Nearly free internal rotation of the solvent molecules about their local C{sub 3} axes in the first solvation shell has been observed in the smaller clusters (n = 1-6). For the larger clusters studied (n = 7-10) the spectra converge, with little difference between clusters differing by one solvent molecule. For these clusters, the spectrum in the 3200-3500 cm{sup {minus}1} region is quite similar to that of liquid ammonia, and the entire region of 2600-3500 cm{sup {minus}1} also bears considerable resemblance to the spectra of ammonium salts dissolved in liquid ammonia under some chemical conditions. This indicates the onset of a liquidlike environment for the ion core and first shell solvent molecules in clusters as small as NH{sub 4}{sup +}(NH{sub 3}){sub 8}.
Price, J.M.; Crofton, M.W.; Lee, Y.T. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States) Univ. of California, Berkeley (United States))
Formation of hydroxylamine on dust grains via ammonia oxidation
The quest to detect prebiotic molecules in space, notably amino acids, requires an understanding of the chemistry involving nitrogen atoms. Hydroxylamine (NH$_2$OH) is considered a precursor to the amino acid glycine. Although not yet detected, NH$_2$OH is considered a likely target of detection with ALMA. We report on an experimental investigation of the formation of hydroxylamine on an amorphous silicate surface via the oxidation of ammonia. The experimental data are then fed into a simulation of the formation of NH$_2$OH in dense cloud conditions. On ices at 14 K and with a modest activation energy barrier, NH$_2$OH is found to be formed with an abundance that never falls below a factor 10 with respect to NH$_3$. Suggestions of conditions for future observations are provided.
He, Jiao; Lemaire, Jean-Louis; Garrod, Robin T
Ammonia emission inventory for the state of Wyoming
Ammonia (NH{sub 3}) is the only significant gaseous base in the atmosphere and it has a variety of impacts as an atmospheric pollutant, including the formation of secondary aerosol particles: ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. NH{sub 3} preferentially forms ammonium sulfate; consequently ammonium nitrate aerosol formation may be limited by the availability of NH{sub 3}. Understanding the impact of emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen on visibility, therefore, requires accurately determined ammonia emission inventories for use in air quality models, upon which regulatory and policy decisions increasingly depend. This report presents an emission inventory of NH{sub 3} for the state of Wyoming. The inventory is temporally and spatially resolved at the monthly and county level, and is comprised of emissions from individual sources in ten categories: livestock, fertilizer, domestic animals, wild animals, wildfires, soil, industry, mobile sources, humans, and publicly owned treatment works. The Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory was developed using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Ammonia Model as framework. Current Wyoming-specific activity data and emissions factors obtained from state agencies and published literature were assessed and used as inputs to the CMU Ammonia Model. Biogenic emissions from soils comprise about three-quarters of the Wyoming NH{sub 3} inventory, though emission factors from soils are highly uncertain. Published emission factors are scarce and based on limited measurements. In Wyoming, agricultural land, rangeland, and forests comprise 96% of the land area and essentially all of the estimated emissions from soils. Future research on emission rates of NH{sub 3} for these land categories may lead to a substantial change in the magnitude of soil emissions, a different inventory composition, and reduced uncertainty in the inventory. While many NH{sub 3} inventories include annual emissions, air quality modeling studies require finer temporal resolution. Published studies indicate higher emission rates from soils and animal wastes at higher temperatures, and temporal variation in fertilizer application. A recent inverse modeling study indicates temporal variation in regional NH{sub 3} emissions. Monthly allocation factors were derived to estimate monthly emissions from soils, livestock and wild animal waste based on annual emission estimates. Monthly resolution of NH{sub 3} emissions from fertilizers is based on fertilizer sales to farmers. Statewide NH{sub 3} emissions are highest in the late spring and early summer months.
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Maser, Colette R.; Brown, Nancy J.
Method of synthesis of anhydrous thorium(IV) complexes
Method of producing anhydrous thorium(IV) tetrahalide complexes, utilizing Th(NO.sub.3).sub.4(H.sub.2O).sub.x, where x is at least 4, as a reagent; method of producing thorium-containing complexes utilizing ThCl.sub.4(DME).sub.2 as a precursor; method of producing purified ThCl.sub.4(ligand).sub.x compounds, where x is from 2 to 9; and novel compounds having the structures: ##STR00001##
Kiplinger, Jaqueline L; Cantat, Thibault
.Research Module: Scheme 2. N-Benzylation of N-H Pyrazolidinones 3. 3 6. 60 Scheme 2 Procedure: N-Alkylation Using Aldehyde
folder. It will actually produce two NMR printouts for you. The first one will be dominated by methanol Scheme 1, add 10 mL of anhydrous methanol. · For 4-methoxy compoud 3c, add 20 mL of methanol, since the 4-Benzylation Synthesis of N-Benzyl Pyrazolidinones NH NH O R1 3a-e + H O 4 Methanol Solvent 0.05 CF3CO2H (catalyst) N N O
Jasperse, Craig P.
Ammonia scrubber testing during IDMS SRAT and SME processing. Revision 1
This report summarizes results of the Integrated DWPF (Defense Waste Processing Facility) Melter System (IDMS) ammonia scrubber testing during the PX-7 run (the 7th IDMS run with a Purex type sludge). Operation of the ammonia scrubber during IDMS Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) processing has been completed. The ammonia scrubber was successful in removing ammonia from the vapor stream to achieve NH3 concentrations far below the 10 ppM vapor exist design basis during SRAT processing. However, during SME processing, vapor NH3 concentrations as high as 450 ppM were measured exiting the scrubber. Problems during the SRAT and SME testing were vapor bypassing the scrubber and inefficient scrubbing of the ammonia at the end of the SME cycle (50% removal efficiency; 99.9% is design basis efficiency).
Lambert, D.P.
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous carbamazepine polymorphic Sample...
France Beurre (Quimper, France... (hydrogenated coconut oil, refined coconut oil, refined palm oil or anhydrous milk fat) and emulsifier (SMDG... was similar for hydrogenated...
Reactor for removing ammonia
Disclosed is a device for removing trace amounts of ammonia from a stream of gas, particularly hydrogen gas, prepared by a reformation apparatus. The apparatus is used to prevent PEM "poisoning" in a fuel cell receiving the incoming hydrogen stream.
Luo, Weifang (Livermore, CA); Stewart, Kenneth D. (Valley Springs, CA)
Ammonia synthesis gas purification
This patent describes the purification of a reformed gas mixture following water gas shift conversion to produce a purified ammonia synthesis gas stream. The improved processing sequence consisting essentially of: (A) Selectively catalytically oxidizing the residual carbon monoxide content of the gas mixture to carbon dioxide so as to reduce the carbon monoxide content of the gas mixture to less than about 20 ppm, the selective catalytic oxidation being carried out with an excess of air, with the excess oxygen being catalytically reacted with a small amount of hydrogen so that the residual oxygen level is reduced to less than about 3 ppm; (B) removing the bulk of the carbon dioxide content of the gas mixture by liquid absorption; (C) Removing residual amounts of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water by selective adsorption on the fixed beds of a thermal swing adsorption system, a dry, purified ammonia ammonia synthesis gas stream containing less than a total of 10 ppm of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide being recovered from the thermal swing adsorption system; (D) Passing the resulting dry, purified ammonia synthesis gas stream having a low content of methane to an ammonia production operation without intermediate passage of the ammonia synthesis gas stream to a methanation unit or to a cryogenic unit for removal of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide therefrom; whereby the efficiency of the overall purification operation and the effective utilization of hydrogen are enhanced.
Fuderer, A.
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM LAYER HOUSES IN IOWA
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 1 AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM LAYER HOUSES IN IOWA Y. Liang1 , H. Xin2 , A. Casey10 ABSTRACT An ongoing project of monitoring ammonia (NH3) emissions from U.S. layer houses
Proceedings of the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention, St. Paul, MN. March 16-18, 2004 Ammonia Emission from Iowa Layer Houses
conversion as one of eight principles to reduce ammonia emission from layer hen houses. Research on reduction., Pittsburg, PA) for NH3 measurement and infrared sensor (0-5000 ± 20 ppm; Vaisala, Inc., Woburn, MA) for CO2 - Ammonia Emission from Iowa Layer Houses H. Xin1 , Y. Liang2 , R.S. Gates3 , E. F. Wheeler4 1 Professor
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous rare earth Sample Search Results
rare earth Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: anhydrous rare earth Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 An assessment of the amount and types...
Radiation Damage in Polarized Ammonia Solids
Solid NH3 and ND3 provide a highly polarizable, radiation resistant source of polarized protons and deuterons and have been used extensively in high luminosity experiments investigating the spin structure of the nucleon. Over the past twenty years, the UVA polarized target group has been instrumental in producing and polarizing much of the material used in these studies, and many practical considerations have been learned in this time. In this discussion, we analyze the polarization performance of the solid ammonia targets used during the recent JLab Eg4 run. Topics include the rate of polarization decay with accumulated charge, the annealing procedure for radiation damaged targets to recover polarization, and the radiation induced change in optimum microwave frequency used to polarize the sample. We also discuss the success we have had in implementing frequency modulation of the polarizing microwave frequency.
K. Slifer
mARUS37, 207--213 (1979) Ammonia Photolysisand the Greenhouse Effect in the
mARUS37, 207--213 (1979) Ammonia Photolysisand the Greenhouse Effect in the Primordial Atmosphere mixing ratio of am- monia of 10-5 or greater would provide a sufficient greenhouse effect to keep of longwave radiation NH3 could pro- duce a substantial "greenhouse effect" and maintain a surface temperature
Atreya, Sushil
Ammonia Generation over TWC for Passive SCR NOX Control for Lean Gasoline Engines
A commercial three-way catalyst (TWC) was evaluated for ammonia (NH3) generation on a 2.0-liter BMW lean burn gasoline direct injection engine as a component in a passive ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. The passive NH3 SCR system is a potential low cost approach for controlling nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from lean burn gasoline engines. In this system, NH3 is generated over a close-coupled TWC during periodic slightly rich engine operation and subsequently stored on an underfloor SCR catalyst. Upon switching to lean, NOX passes through the TWC and is reduced by the stored NH3 on the SCR catalyst. NH3 generation was evaluated at different air-fuel equivalence ratios at multiple engine speed and load conditions. Near complete conversion of NOX to NH3 was achieved at =0.96 for nearly all conditions studied. At the =0.96 condition, HC emissions were relatively minimal, but CO emissions were significant. Operation at AFRs richer than =0.96 did not provide more NH3 yield and led to higher HC and CO emissions. Results of the reductant conversion and consumption processes were used to calculate a representative fuel consumption of the engine operating with an ideal passive SCR system. The results show a 1-7% fuel economy benefit at various steady-state engine speed and load points relative to a stoichiometric engine operation.
Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL] [ORNL; Parks, II, James E [ORNL; Pihl, Josh A [ORNL] [ORNL; Toops, Todd J [ORNL] [ORNL
Densities and viscosities of ternary ammonia/water fluids
The densities, viscosities, and boiling points (at barometric pressure) of solutions formed by inorganic salts dissolved in an ammonia/water (NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O) solvent have been measured. These ternary solutions of ammonia/water/dissolved salt are being investigated to reduce rectification requirements and to expand the temperature range of ammonia/water in advanced absorption cycles. Densities and viscosities of these fluids were measured over the temperature range of 283.15 to 343.15 K (10.0 to 70.0{degrees}C). Observed densities and viscosities were expressed as empirical functions of temperature by means of the least-squares method. The dynamic viscosities of ternary fluids were found to be three to seven times greater than those of the binary system of NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O, which implies that a substantial decrease in the film heat and mass transfer coefficient is possible. However, because this quantitative linkage is not well understood, direct measurements of heat and mass transfer rates in a minisorber are recommended and planned.
Reiner, R.H.; Zaltash, A.
Work completed in this reporting period focused primarily on continuing measurements of the rate of ammonia loss from concrete, and the measurement of ammonia gas in the air above concrete and flowable fill immediately after placement. Concrete slabs were prepared to monitor the loss of ammonia during mixing, the concentration in the airspace above the slabs soon after placement, and the total quantity of ammonia evolved over a longer time period. Variables tested include temperature, ventilation rate, water:cementitious (W:C) ratio, and fly ash source. Short-term data indicate that for concrete placed in areas with poor air ventilation the fly ash NH{sub 3} concentration should not exceed about 90 to 145 mg/kg ash, depending on the water:cement ratio and the fly ash replacement rate, if a concentration of 10 ppm NH{sub 3} in the air is assumed to be the maximum acceptable level. Longer-term experiments showed that the ammonia loss rate is dependent on ammonia source (that is ammoniated ash vs. non-ammoniated ash with ammonia added to the water), and is also dependent on W:C ratio and temperature. Experiments were also conducted to study the loss of ammonia from fresh concrete during mixing. It was found that a high water:cementitious mix lost a greater percentage of ammonia than a low W:C mix, with a medium W:C mix losing an amount intermediate between these two. However, a larger batch size resulted in a smaller percentage of ammonia lost. The data suggest that a significant quantity of ammonia could be lost from Ready Mix concrete during transit, depending on the transit time, batch size, and mix proportions.
Robert F. Rathbone; Thomas L. Robl
OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH{sub 3} AND NH{sub 3}:N{sub 2} AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS
Ammonia ice has been detected on different astrophysical media ranging from interstellar medium (ISM) particles to the surface of various icy bodies of our solar system, where nitrogen is also present. We have carried out a detailed study of amorphous NH{sub 3} ice and NH{sub 3}:N{sub 2} ice mixtures, based on infrared (IR) spectra in the mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR) regions, supported by theoretical quantum chemical calculations. Spectra of varying ice thicknesses were obtained and optical constants were calculated for amorphous NH{sub 3} at 15 K and 30 K and for a NH{sub 3}:N{sub 2} mixture at 15 K over a 500-7000 cm{sup �1} spectral range. These spectra have improved accuracy over previous data, where available. Moreover, we also obtained absolute values for the band strengths of the more prominent IR features in both spectral regions. Our results indicate that the estimated NH{sub 3} concentration in ISM ices should be scaled upward by ?30%.
Zanchet, Alexandre; Rodr�guez-Lazcano, Yamilet; G�lvez, �scar; Herrero, V�ctor J.; Escribano, Rafael; Mat�, Bel�n, E-mail: email@example.com [Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid (Spain)
Catalytic hydrolysis of urea with fly ash for generation of ammonia in a batch reactor for flue gas conditioning and NOx reduction
Ammonia is a highly volatile noxious material with adverse physiological effects, which become intolerable even at very low concentrations and present substantial environmental and operating hazards and risk. Yet ammonia has long been known to be used for feedstock of flue gas conditioning and NOx reduction. Urea as the source of ammonia for the production of ammonia has the obvious advantages that no ammonia shipping, handling, and storage is required. The process of this invention minimizes the risks and hazards associated with the transport, storage, and use of anhydrous and aqueous ammonia. Yet no such rapid urea conversion process is available as per requirement of high conversion in shorter time, so here we study the catalytic hydrolysis of urea for fast conversion in a batch reactor. The catalyst used in this study is fly ash, a waste material originating in great amounts in combustion processes. A number of experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at different catalytic doses, temperatures, times, and at a constant concentration of urea solution 10% by weight, and equilibrium and kinetic studies have been made.
Sahu, J.N.; Gangadharan, P.; Patwardhan, A.V.; Meikap, B.C. [Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (India). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Coherent Carbon Cryogel-Ammonia Borane Nanocomposites for Improved...
Carbon Cryogel-Ammonia Borane Nanocomposites for Improved Hydrogen Storage. Coherent Carbon Cryogel-Ammonia Borane Nanocomposites for Improved Hydrogen Storage. Abstract: Ammonia...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous alcohol evaporated Sample Search...
peroxide Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone... , carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens Ammonia...
Structural carbohydrate availability with electrochemical ozonation and ammonia pressurization / depressurization pre-treatment technologies
biomass into available and /or soluble sugars and organic acids (i. e. uronic acid esters etc. ). The chemical linkages between hemicellulose and lignin may be affected by ammoniation pre-treatment. The significance of this fact is that heavily cross... by Turner et al (1995) demonstrated a significant increase in the available energy and crude protein of NH3 treated maize. Ammoniation of rice straw (Pradhan et al, 1997) bound residual ammonia to fiber and yielded an increase in the level of crude...
Williams, James Jason
Shock temperature measurements in ammonia
Our first shock temperature measurements on a cryogenic target are reported for NH/sub 3/. A new fast optical pyrometer and a cryogenic specimen holder for liquid NH/sub 3/ were developed to measure shock temperatures of 4400 and 3600 K at pressures of 61 and 48 GPa. These conditions correspond to those in the ice layers in Uranus and Neptune. The shock temperature data are in reasonable agreement with an equation of state based on an intermolecular potential derived from NH/sub 3/ Hugoniot data.
Radousky, H.B.; Mitchell, A.C.; Nellis, W.J.; Ross, M.
Understanding ammonia selective catalytic reduction kinetics...
temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Catalytic properties are examined using NO oxidation, ammonia oxidation,...
Preparation of ammonia synthesis gas
Ammonia synthesis gas having excess nitrogen is produced in a reactor-exchanger primary reformer followed by an autothermal secondary reformer wherein process air for the latter is preheated by heat exchange with gas turbine exhaust and the primary reformer is heated by synthesis gas from the secondary reformer.
Shires, P.J.; van Dijk, C.P.; Cassata, J.R.; Mandelik, B.G.
Hydrogen production using ammonia borane
Hydrogen ("H.sub.2") is produced when ammonia borane reacts with a catalyst complex of the formula L.sub.nM-X wherein M is a base metal such as iron, X is an anionic nitrogen- or phosphorus-based ligand or hydride, and L is a neutral ancillary ligand that is a neutral monodentate or polydentate ligand.
Hamilton, Charles W; Baker, R. Thomas; Semelsberger, Troy A; Shrestha, Roshan P
Laser separation of nitrogen isotopes by the IR+UV dissociation of ammonia molecules
The separation of nitrogen isotopes is studied upon successive single-photon IR excitation and UV dissociation of ammonia molecules. The excitation selectivity was provided by tuning a CO{sub 2} laser to resonance with {sup 14}NH{sub 3} molecules [the 9R(30) laser line] or with {sup 15}NH{sub 3} molecules [the 9R(10) laser line]. Isotopic mixtures containing 4.8% and 0.37% (natural content) of the {sup 15}NH isotope were investigated. The dependences of the selectivity and the dissociation yield for each isotopic component on the buffer gas pressure (N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, Ar) and the ammonia pressure were obtained. In the limit of low NH{sub 3} pressures (0.5-2 Torr), the dissociation selectivity {alpha}(15/14) for {sup 15}N was 17. The selectivity mechanism of the IR+UV dissociation is discussed and the outlook is considered for the development of the nitrogen isotope separation process based on this approach. (laser isotope separation)
Apatin, V M; Klimin, S A; Laptev, V B; Lokhman, V N; Ogurok, D D; Pigul'skii, S V; Ryabov, E A [Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region (Russian Federation)
Remediation of Uranium in the Hanford Vadose Zone Using Ammonia Gas: FY 2010 Laboratory-Scale Experiments
This investigation is focused on refining an in situ technology for vadose zone remediation of uranium by the addition of ammonia (NH3) gas. Objectives are to: a) refine the technique of ammonia gas treatment of low water content sediments to minimize uranium mobility by changing uranium surface phases (or coat surface phases), b) identify the geochemical changes in uranium surface phases during ammonia gas treatment, c) identify broader geochemical changes that occur in sediment during ammonia gas treatment, and d) predict and test injection of ammonia gas for intermediate-scale systems to identify process interactions that occur at a larger scale and could impact field scale implementation.Overall, NH3 gas treatment of low-water content sediments appears quite effective at decreasing aqueous, adsorbed uranium concentrations. The NH3 gas treatment is also fairly effective for decreasing the mobility of U-carbonate coprecipitates, but shows mixed success for U present in Na-boltwoodite. There are some changes in U-carbonate surface phases that were identified by surface phase analysis, but no changes observed for Na-boltwoodite. It is likely that dissolution of sediment minerals (predominantly montmorillonite, muscovite, kaolinite) under the alkaline conditions created and subsequent precipitation as the pH returns to natural conditions coat some of the uranium surface phases, although a greater understanding of these processes is needed to predict the long term impact on uranium mobility. Injection of NH3 gas into sediments at low water content (1% to 16% water content) can effectively treat a large area without water addition, so there is little uranium mobilization (i.e., transport over cm or larger scale) during the injection phase.
Szecsody, James E.; Truex, Michael J.; Zhong, Lirong; Qafoku, Nikolla; Williams, Mark D.; McKinley, James P.; Wang, Zheming; Bargar, John; Faurie, Danielle K.; Resch, Charles T.; Phillips, Jerry L.
Addition of NH{sub 3} to Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}{sup -}
Recent computational studies on the addition of ammonia (NH{sub 3}) to the Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}{sup -} cluster anion [A. Guevara-Garcia, A. Martinez, and J. V. Ortiz, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 214309 (2005)] have motivated experimental and additional computational studies, reported here. Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}{sup -} is observed to react with a single NH{sub 3} molecule to form the Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}NH{sub 3}{sup -} ion in mass spectrometric studies. This is in contrast to similarly performed studies with water, in which the Al{sub 3}O{sub 5}H{sub 4}{sup -} product was highly favored. However, the anion PE spectrum of the ammoniated species is very similar to that of Al{sub 3}O{sub 4}H{sub 2}{sup -}. The adiabatic electron affinity of Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}NH{sub 3} is determined to be 2.35(5) eV. Based on comparison between the spectra and calculated electron affinities, it appears that NH{sub 3} adds dissociatively to Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}{sup -}, suggesting that the time for the Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}{sup -}{center_dot}NH{sub 3} complex to either overcome or tunnel through the barrier to proton transfer (which is higher for NH{sub 3} than for water) is short relative to the time for collisional cooling in the experiment.
Wyrwas, Richard B.; Jarrold, Caroline Chick; Das, Ujjal; Raghavachari, Krishnan [Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102 (United States)
Study of On-Board Ammonia (NH3) Generation for SCR Operation | Department
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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Two-photon optical pumping of NH/sub 3/ in a multipass cell
A multipass cell was used in optical pumping of ammonia molecules by CO/sub 2/ laser radiation. Several new lasing lines were observed in the case of two-photon optical pumping of the NH/sub 3/ molecule at wavelengths in the range 16--35 ..mu... The output power of the various lines was in the range 10--50 kW. The divergence of the resultant radiation was diffraction-limited. A theoretical study was made of the two-photon pumping process. A stable (on the frequency scale) maximum was found in the gain profile of the output radiation. It was concluded that it should be possible to increase the energy and extend the emission spectrum of an ammonia laser pumped by double-photon absorption.
Bobrovskii, A.N.; Kiselev, V.P.; Kozhevnikov, A.V.; Likhanskii, V.V.; Mishchenko, V.A.; Myl'nikov, G.D.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require large reductions in emissions of NO{sub x} from coal-fired electric utility boilers. This will necessitate the use of ammonia injection, such as in selective catalytic reduction (SCR), in many power plants, resulting in the deposition of ammonia on the fly ash. The presence of ammonia could create a major barrier to fly ash utilization in concrete because of odor concerns. Although there have been limited studies of ammonia emission from concrete, little is known about the quantity of ammonia emitted during mixing and curing, and the kinetics of ammonia release. This is manifested as widely varying opinions within the concrete and ash marketing industry regarding the maximum acceptable levels of ammonia in fly ash. Therefore, practical guidelines for using ammoniated fly ash are needed in advance of the installation of many more SCR systems. The goal of this project was to develop practical guidelines for the handling and utilization of ammoniated fly ash in concrete, in order to prevent a decrease in the use of fly ash for this application. The objective was to determine the amount of ammonia that is released, over the short- and long-term, from concrete that contains ammoniated fly ash. The technical approach in this project was to measure the release of ammonia from mortar and concrete during mixing, placement, and curing. Work initially focused on laboratory mortar experiments to develop fundamental data on ammonia diffusion characteristics. Larger-scale laboratory experiments were then conducted to study the emission of ammonia from concrete containing ammoniated fly ash. The final phase comprised monitoring ammonia emissions from large concrete slabs. The data indicated that, on average, 15% of the initial ammonia was lost from concrete during 40 minutes of mixing, depending on the mix proportions and batch size. Long-term experiments indicated that ammonia diffusion from concrete was relatively slow, with greater than 50% of the initial ammonia content remaining in an 11cm thick concrete slab after 1 month. When placing concrete in an enclosed space, with negligible ventilation, it is recommended that the ammonia concentration in the concrete mix water should not exceed 110 mg NH{sub 3}/L, if the NIOSH exposure limit of 25 ppm in the air is not to be exceeded. If even a modicum of ventilation is present, then the ammonia concentration in the concrete water should be less than 170 mg/L. The maximum level of ammonia in the fly ash can then be calculated using these limits if the concrete mix proportions are known. In general, during the mixing and placement of ammonia-laden concrete, no safety concerns were encountered. The only location where the ammonia concentration attained high levels (i.e. > 25 ppm in the air) was within the concrete mixing drum.
Company Name: JobsInNH.com
Company Name: JobsInNH.com Web Site: www.jobsinnh.com Industry: Advertising & Marketing Brief Company Overview: "Since 2002, JobsInNH.com has been New Hampshire?s #1 employment resource. As recruiting and accelerate your job search. Connect with the best employers in the state who are hiring now" Majors
New Hampshire, University of
Ammonia Process by Pressure Swing Adsorption
The overall objective of the project is to design, develop and demonstrate a technically feasible and commercially viable system to produce ammonia along with recovery of the products by adsorption separation methods and significantly decrease the energy requirement in ammonia production. This is achieved through a significantly more efficient ammonia psa recovery system. The new ammonia recovery system receives the reactor effluents and achieves complete ammonia recovery, (which completely eliminates the energy intensive refrigeration and condensation system currently used in ammonia production). It also recovers the unused reactants and recycles them back to the reactor, free of potential reactor contaminants, and without the need for re-compression and re-heat of recycle stream thereby further saving more energy. The result is a significantly lower energy consumption, along with capital cost savings.
Dr Felix Jegede
Polyaniline-based optical ammonia detector
Electronic absorption spectroscopy of a polyaniline film deposited on a polyethylene surface by chemical oxidation of aniline monomer at room temperature was used to quantitatively detect ammonia gas. The present optical ammonia gas detector was found to have a response time of less than 15 s, a regeneration time of less than 2 min. at room temperature, and a detection limit of 1 ppm (v/v) for ammonia, with a linear dynamic range from 180 ppm to 18,000 ppm.
Duan, Yixiang (Los Alamos, NM); Jin, Zhe (Los Alamos, NM); Su, Yongxuan (Los Alamos, NM)
Cylinder supplied ammonia scrubber testing in IDMS
This report summarizes the results of the off-line testing the Integrated DWPF Melter System (IDMS) ammonia scrubbers using ammonia supplied from cylinders. Three additional tests with ammonia are planned to verify the data collected during off-line testing. Operation of the ammonia scrubber during IDMS SRAT and SME processing will be completed during the next IDMS run. The Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) scrubbers were successful in removing ammonia from the vapor stream to achieve ammonia vapor concentrations far below the 10 ppM vapor exit design basis. In most of the tests, the ammonia concentration in the vapor exit was lower than the detection limit of the analyzers so results are generally reported as <0.05 parts per million (ppM). During SRAT scrubber testing, the ammonia concentration was no higher than 2 ppM and during SME testing the ammonia concentration was no higher than 0.05 m.
Vapor-liquid equilibria in the system NH{sub 3} + H{sub 2}O + LiBr. 2: Data correlation
The systems ammonia + water (NH{sub 3} + H{sub 2}O) and water + lithium bromide (H{sub 2}O + LiBr) provide two working pairs most often used today in air-conditioning systems and systems for reusing industrial waste heat, such as absorption heat pumps and heat transformers. A quasi-chemical reaction model has been developed to correlate vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system ammonia (NH{sub 3}) + water (H{sub 2}O) + lithium bromide (LiBr) in the temperature range form 303.15 to 473.15 K and at pressures up to 2.0 MPa. this model assumes the formation of ion clusters, i.e., Li{sup +} and Br{sup {minus}} ions surrounded by ammonia and water molecules. Further, ammonia nd water molecules are assumed to form a second species of complexes. The activities of the various components in the liquid phase are modeled by the NRTL equation. The vapor phase, assumed to consist of ammonia and water only, is modeled by the equation of state of Ishikawa, Chung, and Lu.
Peters, R.; Korinth, C.; Keller, J.U. [Univ. of Siegen (Germany). Institute Fluid- and Thermodynamics
Layer of protection analysis applied to ammonia refrigeration systems
Ammonia refrigeration systems are widely used in industry. Demand of these systems is expected to increase due to the advantages of ammonia as refrigerant and because ammonia is considered a green refrigerant. Therefore, it is important to evaluate...
Zuniga, Gerald Alexander
Study of an ammonia-based wet scrubbing process in a continuous flow system
A continuous gas and liquid flow, regenerative scrubbing process for CO{sub 2} capture was demonstrated at the bench-scale level. An aqueous ammonia-based solution captures CO{sub 2} from simulated flue gas in an absorber and releases a nearly pure stream of CO{sub 2} in the regenerator. After the regeneration, the solution of ammonium compounds is recycled to the absorber. The design of a continuous flow unit was based on earlier exploratory results from a semi-batch reactor, where a CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} simulated flue gas mixture flowed through a well-mixed batch of ammonia-based solution. During the semi-batch tests, the solution was cycled between absorption and regeneration steps to measure the carrying capacity of the solution at various initial ammonia concentrations and temperatures. Consequentially, a series of tests were conducted on the continuous unit to observe the effect of various parameters on CO{sub 2} removal efficiency and regenerator effectiveness within the flow system. The parameters that were studied included absorber temperature, regenerator temperature, initial NH{sub 3} concentration, simulated flue gas flow rate, liquid solvent inventory in the flow system, and height of the packed-bed absorber. From this testing and subsequent testing, ammonia losses from both the absorption and regeneration steps were quantified, and attempts were made to maintain steady state during operations. Implications of experimental results with respect to process design are discussed.
Mao, James X.; Lee, Anita S.; Kitchin, John R.; Nulwala, Hunaid B.; Luebke, David R.; Damodaran, Krishnan
Hydrogen Storage in Ammonia and Aminoborane Complexes
Hydrogen Storage in Ammonia and Aminoborane Complexes Ali Raissi Florida Solar Energy Center;Advantages of Ammonia Costs about $150 per short ton or less than $6.25 per million BTU of H2 contained and utilization Stores 30% more energy by liquid volume than LH2 Easily reformed using 16% of the energy
Method for releasing hydrogen from ammonia borane
A method of releasing hydrogen from ammonia borane is disclosed. The method comprises heating an aqueous ammonia borane solution to between about 80-135.degree. C. at between about 14.7 and 200 pounds per square inch absolute (psia) to release hydrogen by hydrothermolysis.
Varma, Arvind; Diwan, Moiz; Shafirovich, Evgeny; Hwang, Hyun-Tae; Al-Kukhun, Ahmad
Promotion of Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane with Mechanically...
Promotion of Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane with Mechanically Activated Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Promotion of Hydrogen Release from Ammonia Borane with Mechanically Activated...
Acid Initiation of Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen...
Acid Initiation of Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Storage. Acid Initiation of Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Storage. Abstract: An abstract for this...
Potential of High-Throughput Experimentation with Ammonia Borane...
of High-Throughput Experimentation with Ammonia Borane Solid Hydrogen Storage Materials (presentation) Potential of High-Throughput Experimentation with Ammonia Borane Solid...
Geochemical and Geophysical Changes during Ammonia Gas Treatment...
Geophysical Changes during Ammonia Gas Treatment of Vadose Zone Sediments for Uranium Remediation. Geochemical and Geophysical Changes during Ammonia Gas Treatment of Vadose Zone...
Urea/Ammonia Distribution Optimization in an SCR Emission Control...
UreaAmmonia Distribution Optimization in an SCR Emission Control System Through the Use of CFD Analysis UreaAmmonia Distribution Optimization in an SCR Emission Control System...
Geotechnical/Environmental Engineering Intern Manchester, NH
Geotechnical/Environmental Engineering Intern Manchester, NH POSITION DESCRIPTION The candidate will provide support for site characterization geotechnical investigations, site development, remediation include, but are not limited to: Interpreting, and presenting, environmental data; performing engineering
Pohl, Karsten
Process for ammonia syngas manufacture
This patent describes an improved process for reforming hydrocarbons to obtain a synthesis gas containing an approximately stoichiometric amount of hydrogen and nitrogen from which ammonia may be formed in which a hydrocarbon is reacted with steam and air in a reforming operation to obtain a first effluent. This effluent consists of hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is reacted in a shift conversion stage to produce a second effluent consisting of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The improved process has the additional steps of separating the second effluent into a first stream and a second stream. The first stream is reacted with air in a fuel cell to produce a byproduct stream and a product stream which is passed through a de-oxygenation stage to produce a purified stream. The second stream and the purified stream is passed into a pressure swing adsorption unit in which the synthesis gas and a waste fuel stream are separated.
Jungerhans, R.R.J.
Reaction of iron clusters with ammonia. I. Compositions of the ammoniated products and their implications for cluster structure
Studies are described of the chemisorption of ammonia on isolated neutral iron clusters Fe/sub n/ for 2less than or equal tonless than or equal to165. Clusters are generated by laser vaporization in a continuous-flow-tube reactor, and reaction products are detected by laser-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ammonia is found to chemisorb nondissociatively on cluster surfaces on the 1 ms time scale of these experiments. Measurements of ammonia uptake provide information on adsorption kinetics and on the number and nature of the binding sites. The ammonia binding energy is found to decrease with increasing cluster coverage. For chemically saturated clusters, the ratio of adsorbed NH/sub 3/ molecules to surface iron atoms is found to decrease with increasing cluster size, going from >1/3 for small clusters to <1/3 for n>100. Ammonia chemisorption is accompanied by a large decrease in cluster ionization potentials, as much as 2 eV for saturated clusters. At sufficiently high exposure the beginning of the formation of a second, physisorbed layer of molecules is seen. Detailed measurements of product composition under different exposure conditions give evidence for numerous changes in cluster structure throughout the growth sequence from small to large clusters. Often these structural changes involve particularly stable reaction products. Evidence for the existence of metastable structures is presented. Several possibilities for cluster structure are suggested.
Parks, E.K.; Nieman, G.C.; Pobo, L.G.; Riley, S.J.
Apple Tree, NH Big Tree for May By Anne Krantz, NH Big Tree Team,
Apple Tree, NH Big Tree for May By Anne Krantz, NH Big Tree Team, UNH Cooperative Extension The explosion of apple blossoms in May transforms the most gnarled old tree into a delicate cloud of beauty (1817-1862) in his essay "The Wild Apple Tree," described the blossoms perfectly: `The flowers
Simultaneous removal of H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} from coal gas. Final report
Hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) and ammonia (NH{sub 3}) are the primary sulfur and nitrogen contaminants released when coal is gasified. Before coal gas can be utilized in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant to produce electricity, these contaminants need to be removed. The objective of this research was to develop sorbent-catalysts with the ability to simultaneously remove H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} from coal gas. Microreactor tests with HART-49, a zinc-based sorbent-catalyst with Ni, Co, and Mo as catalyst additives, showed that this material had the potential to remove 90% NH{sub 3} and reduce H{sub 2}S to <20 ppmv at 1 atm and 550 to 700 C. HART-49 was prepared in attrition-resistant fluidizable form (HART-56) using up to 75 wt% binder. Bench-scale fluidized-bed multicycle tests were conducted with the attrition-resistant sorbent-catalyst, HART-56, at 20 atm and 550 C. The H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} removal performance over the first two cycles was good in the presence of 5% steam but deteriorated thereafter when steam level was increased to 15%. The results point to a complex mechanism for simultaneous H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} removal, potentially involving both chemisorption and catalytic decomposition of NH{sub 3}. Further research and development is needed to develop a sorbent-catalyst for simultaneous H{sub 2}S and NH{sub 3} removal at IGCC hot-gas cleanup conditions.
Gangwal, S.K.; Portzer, J.W.
High-pressure studies of ammonia hydrates�
Ammonia and water are major components of many planetary bodies, from comets and icy moons such as Saturn's Titan to the interiors of the planets Neptune and Uranus. Under a range of high pressures and/or low temperatures known ...
Wilson, Craig W.
Process for reducing aqueous nitrate to ammonia
Powdered aluminum is added to a nitrate-containing alkaline, aqueous solution to reduce the nitrate and/or nitrite to ammonia and co-produce a sinterable ceramic product.
Mattus, Alfred J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment of grass
solution), high-temperature treatment, and freezing in water suspensions at -75 C (Millett, Baker, and Satter, 1975), Chemical pretreatments include alkali and ammonia swelling, dilute acid extraction, NO with alkali, explosive steam decompression, wet... for ruminants. Ammonia explosion pulping has been investigated as an approach to fiber separation in wood chips (O' Connor, 1971). Recent work on pretreatment techniques includes: pretreatment of cedar with peracetic acid and steam explosion to improve...
Ashok, Ganesh
Corrosion inhibitor for aqueous ammonia absorption system
A method of inhibiting corrosion and the formation of hydrogen and thus improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump system by maintaining the hydroxyl ion concentration of the aqueous ammonia working fluid within a selected range under anaerobic conditions at temperatures up to 425.degree. F. This hydroxyl ion concentration is maintained by introducing to the aqueous ammonia working fluid an inhibitor in an amount effective to produce a hydroxyl ion concentration corresponding to a normality of the inhibitor relative to the water content ranging from about 0.015 N to about 0.2 N at 25.degree. C. Also, working fluids for inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel and resulting hydrogen formation and improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption system under anaerobic conditions at up to 425.degree. F. The working fluids may be aqueous solutions of ammonia and a strong base or aqueous solutions of ammonia, a strong base, and a specified buffer.
Phillips, Benjamin A. (Benton Harbor, MI); Whitlow, Eugene P. (St. Joseph, MI)
A method is described for inhibiting corrosion and the formation of hydrogen and thus improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump system by maintaining the hydroxyl ion concentration of the aqueous ammonia working fluid within a selected range under anaerobic conditions at temperatures up to 425 F. This hydroxyl ion concentration is maintained by introducing to the aqueous ammonia working fluid an inhibitor in an amount effective to produce a hydroxyl ion concentration corresponding to a normality of the inhibitor relative to the water content ranging from about 0.015 N to about 0.2 N at 25 C. Also, working fluids for inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel and resulting hydrogen formation and improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption system under anaerobic conditions at up to 425 F. The working fluids may be aqueous solutions of ammonia and a strong base or aqueous solutions of ammonia, a strong base, and a specified buffer. 5 figs.
Phillips, B.A.; Whitlow, E.P.
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia gas cell Sample Search Results
HYDROGEN Rebecca Dunn, Keith Lovegrove Summary: state ammonia synthesis, direct ammonia fuel-cells, combustion characterisation of ammonia... . The only products of the complete...
Energy Efficient Operation of Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
Ammonia refrigeration systems typically offer many energy efficiency opportunities because of their size and complexity. This paper develops a model for simulating single-stage ammonia refrigeration systems, describes common energy saving opportunities, and uses the model to quantify those opportunities. The simulation model uses data that are typically available during site visits to ammonia refrigeration plants and can be calibrated to actual consumption and performance data if available. Annual electricity consumption for a base-case ammonia refrigeration system is simulated. The model is then used to quantify energy savings for six specific energy efficiency opportunities; reduce refrigeration load, increase suction pressure, employ dual suction, decrease minimum head pressure set-point, increase evaporative condenser capacity, and reclaim heat. Methods and considerations for achieving each saving opportunity are discussed. The model captures synergistic effects that result when more than one component or parameter is changed. This methodology represents an effective method to model and quantify common energy saving opportunities in ammonia refrigeration systems. The results indicate the range of savings that might be expected from common energy efficiency opportunities.
Mohammed, Abdul Qayyum [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio; Wenning, Thomas J [ORNL] [ORNL; Sever, Franc [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio; Kissock, Professor Kelly [University of Dayton, Ohio] [University of Dayton, Ohio
Biodegradation of bisphenol a and ibuprofen by ammonia oxidizing bacteria
might be responsible for the removal of these compounds. Several bacterial strains, isolated from waste water, are known to degrade BPA and ibuprofen. No studies, however, have reported using ammonia oxidizing bacteria for this purpose. Ammonia oxidizing...
Subramanya, Nethra T.
ammonia monooxygenase genes: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 46 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
archaeal ammonia oxidizers: Topics by E-print Network
showed a strong correlation with ammonia Kamat, Vineet R. 85 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
aqueous ammonia process: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 43 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia removal reagent: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 52 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia stress monitored: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 33 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia lyase microcompartment: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 44 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia nitrous oxide: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 154 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia channel amtb: Topics by E-print Network
aqueous ammonia solution: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 244 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia nitrous oxides: Topics by E-print Network
ammonia fluxes obtained: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 36 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
archaeal ammonia monooxygenase: Topics by E-print Network
1E-1 mgm 3 (0.14 ppm) for ammonia based unknown authors 74 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
Design and performance of an ammonia measurement system
Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) have recently come under increased scrutiny. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has come under increased pressure from special interest groups to regulate ammonia. Regulation...
Boriack, Cale Nolan
Model Catalysis of Ammonia Synthesis ad Iron-Water Interfaces - ASum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of Solid-GasInterfaces and Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Selected Anionclusters
The ammonia synthesis reaction has been studied using single crystal model catalysis combined with sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. The adsorption of gases N{sub 2}, H{sub 2}, O{sub 2} and NH{sub 3} that play a role in ammonia synthesis have been studied on the Fe(111) crystal surface by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy using an integrated Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV)/high-pressure system. SFG spectra are presented for the dissociation intermediates, NH{sub 2} ({approx}3325 cm{sup -1}) and NH ({approx}3235 cm{sup -1}) under high pressure of ammonia or equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products on Fe(111) surfaces. Special attention was paid to understand how potassium promotion of the iron catalyst affects the intermediates of ammonia synthesis. An Fe(111) surface promoted with 0.2 monolayers of potassium red shifts the vibrational frequencies of the reactive surface intermediates, NH and NH{sub 2}, providing evidence for weakened the nitrogen-hydrogen bonds relative to clean Fe(111). Spectral features of these surface intermediates persisted to higher temperatures for promoted iron surfaces than for clean Fe(111) surfaces implying that nitrogen-iron bonds are stronger for the promoted surface. The ratio of the NH to NH{sub 2} signal changed for promoted surfaces in the presence of equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products. The order of adding oxygen and potassium to promoted surfaces does not alter the spectra indicating that ammonia induces surface reconstruction of the catalyst to produce the same surface morphology. When oxygen is co-adsorbed with nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia or potassium on Fe(111), a relative phase shift of the spectra occurs as compared to the presence of adsorbates on clean iron surfaces. Water adsorption on iron was also probed using SFG vibrational spectroscopy. For both H{sub 2}O and D{sub 2}O, the only spectral feature was in the range of the free OH or free OD. From the absence of SFG spectra of ice-like structure we conclude that surface hydroxides are formed and no liquid water is present on the surface. Other than model catalysis, gas phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy of the Cl + H{sub 2} van der Waals well, silicon clusters, germanium clusters, aluminum oxide clusters and indium phosphide clusters were studied. The spectra help to map out the neutral potential energy surfaces of the clusters. For aluminum oxide, the structures of the anions and neutrals were explored and for silicon, germanium and indium phosphide the electronic structure of larger clusters was mapped out.
Ferguson, Michael James
Emission factors for ammonia and particulate matter from broiler Houses
of ammonia will probably result in the emission of other odorants (e. g. volatile fatty acids. volatile amines, indole, phenol, sulfur-containing compounds). Ammonia is produced from the microbial breakdown of uric acid in poultry manure. The decomposition... sulfate (Barthelmie and Pryor, 1998). Additionally, ammonia is an odorant and conditions conducive to the production of ammonia will probably result in the emission of other odorants (e. g. volatile fatty acids, volatile amines, indole, phenol, sulfur...
Redwine, Jarah Suzanne
Removal of ammonia from tarry water using a tubular furnace
An ammonia-processing system without the use of live steam from OAO Alchevskkoks plant's supply network is considered. Steam obtained from the wastewater that leaves the ammonia column is used to process the excess tarry water, with the release of volatile ammonia.
V.V. Grabko; V.A. Kofanova; V.M. Li; M.A. Solov'ev [Giprokoks, the State Institute for the Design of Coke-Industry Enterprises, Kharkov (Ukraine)
Potential Roles of Ammonia in a Hydrogen Economy
Potential Roles of Ammonia in a Hydrogen Economy A Study of Issues Related to the Use Ammonia economy, particularly with regard to the viability of ammonia as an on-board hydrogen carrier for fuel for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage U.S. Department of Energy #12;#12;Primary Authors: George Thomas1
MICROBIAL AMMONIA OXIDATION IN DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED;ABSTRACT Autotrophic ammonia oxidation has been documented for the first time in deep- sea hydrothermal autotrophic ammonia oxidation at ~ 91 nM d-1 , and potentially produces de novo organic carbon at a rate (0
Luther, Douglas S.
FTIR and kinetic studies of the mechanism of Fe{sup 3+}-exchanged TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia
A series of FTIR spectroscopic and kinetic studies of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide by ammonia were conducted on Fe{sup 3+}-exchanged TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay (Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC) catalyst. It was found that No molecules were absorbed on the fresh Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalyst and then oxidized by O{sub 2} to adsorbed NO{sub 2} and nitrate species. These NO{sub x} adspecies could be reduced by NH{sub 3} at high temperatures. NH{sub 3} molecules could also be adsorbed on the Broensted acid and Lewis acid sites on the Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalyst to generate, respectively, NH{sup +}{sub 4} ions and coordinated NH{sub 3} species. These NH{sub 3} adspecies were active in reacting with NO, NO + O{sub 2} and NO{sub 2}, but the reaction rates of NH{sub 3} + NO + O{sub 2} and NH{sub 3} + NO{sub 2} were much higher than that of NNO + NH{sub 3}. However, under reaction conditions, the surface of Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC was mainly covered by NH{sup +}{sub 4} ions and coordinated NH{sub 3}, and no NO{sub x} adspecies were detected. This is in agreement with the zero-order for the SCR reaction with respect to NH{sub 3}. A possible reaction scheme for the SCR reaction on Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC was proposed. NO reduction initially involved the reaction between NO{sub 2} and pairs of NH{sub 3} adspecies to form an active intermediate, which finally reacted with gaseous or weakly adsorbed NO to produce N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O.
Long, R.Q.; Yang, R.T.
The Saltstone Facility Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) is under revision to accommodate changes in the Composite Lower Flammability Limit (CLFL) from the introduction of Isopar into Tank 50. Saltstone samples were prepared with an 'MCU' type salt solution spiked with ammonia. The ammonia released from the saltstone was captured and analyzed. The ammonia concentration found in the headspace of samples maintained at 95 C and 1 atm was, to 95% confidence, less than or equal to 3.9 mg/L. Tank 50 is fed by several influent streams. The salt solution from Tank 50 is pumped to the salt feed tank (SFT) in the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). The premix materials cement, slag and fly ash are blended together prior to transfer to the grout mixer. The premix is fed to the grout mixer in the SPF and the salt solution is incorporated into the premix in the grout mixer, yielding saltstone slurry. The saltstone slurry drops into a hopper and then is pumped to the vault. The Saltstone Facility Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) is under revision to accommodate changes in the Composite Lower Flammability Limit (CLFL) from the introduction of Isopar{reg_sign} L into Tank 50. Waste Solidification-Engineering requested that the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) perform testing to characterize the release of ammonia in curing saltstone at 95 C. The test temperature represents the maximum allowable temperature in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). Ammonia may be present in the salt solution and premix materials, or may be produced by chemical reactions when the premix and salt solution are combined. A final report (SRNS-STI-2008-00120, Rev. 0) will be issued that will cover in more depth the information presented in this report.
Zamecnik, J; Alex Cozzi, A
PREPARATION OF ANHYDROUS F-18 FLUORIDE, T. Tewson. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals S165; 52, Supplement 1 2009
The original specific aims of the grant where cut back considerably as the study section reduced both the time and the budget for the project. The objective of the grant was to show that fluorine-18 fluoride could be prepared completely anhydrous and thus substantially more reactive than conventionally dried fluoride using the method of Sun and DiMagno. This method involved using conventionally dried fluoride to prepare an aromatic fluoride in which the aromatic ring is substituted with electron withdrawing groups. The aryl fluoride is then dried and purified and the fluoride is displaced with an anhydrous nucleophile. Using fluorine-19 and macroscopic scale reactions the reactions work well and give anhydrous fluoride salts that are both more reactive and more selective in their reactions than conventionally dried fluoride. The original substrate chosen for the reaction was bromopentacyanobenzene (1). This compound proved to be easy to make but very hard to purify. As an alternative hexabromobenzene, which is commercially available in high purity, was tried. This reacted cleanly with conventionally dried F-18 fluoride in acetonitrile to give [{sup 18}F]-fluoropentabromobenzene (2), which could be dried by passage of the solution over alumina, which also removed any unreacted fluoride. The fluorine-18 fluoride could be liberated from (2) by displacement with an anhydrous nucleophilic tetra-alkylammonium salt but the anion had to be chosen with considerable care. The reaction is potentially reversible especially as, on the no carrier added scale, there is inevitably an excess of hexabromobenzene and so the displacing nucleophile is chosen to deactivate the aromatic compound to further nucleophilic displacement reactions. To this end tetrabutylammonium azide and tetrabutylammonium phenolate have been tried. Both work but the phenolate is probably the better choice. The F-18 fluoride produced by this process is substantially more reactive than conventionally dried fluoride. A solution of the 3'-anhydrothymidine-5-benzoate (3) was added to the fluoride solution and 30% of the fluoride was incorporated in less than 3 minutes at room temperature were as conventionally dried fluoride requires 10 minutes at 160 C and gives {approx}10% incorporation. These results are encouraging in that they show that the objective of truly anhydrous fluoride is worth pursuing but the problem is that you end up with too much 'stuff' in the solution. Four to five milligrams of hexabromobenzene are used for the initial fluorination reaction and enough of the tetra-alkylammonium salt has to be added to react with a substantial number of those bromides. No attempt has been made to optimize these amounts but there is clearly a lot of material in the solution before the final substrate is added. To avoid these difficulties experiments involving a different, low boiling carrier of the fluoride which can be distilled from the initial fluorination mixture have been tried. Phenyltrifluoromethane sulfonate reacts with fluoride to give trifluoromethane sulfonyl fluoride which boils at -20 C as shown. This reaction works with conventionally dried fluorine-18 fluoride and the no carrier added trifluoromethane sulphonyl fluoride distills out of the reaction as it forms. The choice of nucleophile to react it with to liberate the fluoride is limited and the obvious choice is tetrabutylammonium azide as the resulting trifluoromethane sulfonyl azide is unreactive. We have shown that this works in principle but the experimental details have not been explored.
Tewson, T.
Optically pumped isotopic ammonia laser system
An optically pumped isotopic ammonia laser system which is capable of producing a plurality of frequencies in the middle infrared spectral region. Two optical pumping mechanisms are disclosed, i.e., pumping on R(J) and lasing on P(J) in response to enhancement of rotational cascade lasing including stimulated Raman effects, and, pumping on R(J) and lasing on P(J+2). The disclosed apparatus for optical pumping include a hole coupled cavity and a grating coupled cavity.
Buchwald, Melvin I. (Santa Fe, NM); Jones, Claude R. (Los Alamos, NM); Nelson, Leonard Y. (Seattle, WA)
,"Pittsburg, NH Natural Gas Pipeline Imports From Canada (MMcf...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Imports From Canada (MMcf)" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description"," Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","Pittsburg, NH...
Release of ammonia from HAN-type PHA
A preliminary design basis for ammonia scrubbers in the DWPF has been issued. This design basis is based on a theoretical model of ammonia evolution from the SRAT, SME and RCT. It is desirable to acquire actual process data on ammonia evolution prior to performing detailed design of scrubbers for DWPF. The evolution of ammonia from the SRAT and SME in the Integrated DWPF Melter System (IDMS) was investigated during the HM4 run. In this run, Precipitate Hydrolysis Aqueous (PHA), which was made in the Precipitate Hydrolysis Experimental Facility (PHEF) using the HAN (hydroxylamine nitrate) process was used, thus resulting in PHA with a high concentration of ammonium ion.
Zamecnik, J.R.
Use and recovery of ammonia in power plant cycles
The paper presents some practical and theoretical aspects of the use of ammonia in power plant water/steam cycles. The plants considered are fully automated units with once-through boilers, which operate under complex conditions and are subject to frequent starts and load changes. The boilers are chemically conditioned with combined oxygen ammonia treatment and the condensate polishing plant is only operated during start-up, in the event of a condenser leak or to remove excess ammonia. The paper also covers the recovery of ammonia from the condensate polishing plant waste regenerants and reuse for conditioning the feedwater. In particular, the paper deals with the following points: theoretical analysis of the chemical equilibrium of ammonia and carbon dioxide in water, including calculation of the concentrations from the parameters normally measured, such as conductivities and pH; equipment for monitoring and controlling the amount of ammonia fed to the water/steam cycle, including the optimum positioning of the sampling and feed-points, the parameters suitable for feed control and their temperature dependence; the partial pressure and distribution coefficient of ammonia; the consumption and losses of ammonia through the water/steam cycle during operation; the recovery of ammonia from condensate polishing plant waste regenerants by steam stripping. The paper should be of interest to both planning engineers and plant operators.
Pflug, H.D.; Bettenworth, H.J.; Syring, H.A. [Preussen Elektra AG, Hanover (Germany)
ammonia fuel cells: Topics by E-print Network
bit.21687 ABSTRACT: Ammonia losses during swine wastewater treatment were examined using manure; electricity; power generation Introduction Wastewater treatment using microbial...
acute ammonia stress: Topics by E-print Network
Importantly... Steelman, Andrew Jonathan 2009-05-15 44 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia fiber expansion: Topics by E-print Network
Krzysztof Sadlej; Eligiusz Wajnryb 2011-10-06 39 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
On-Board Ammonia Generation Using Delphi Diesel Fuel Reformer
On-Board Ammonia Generation Using Delphi Diesel Fuel Reformer Mark Hemingway, Dr. Joachim Kupe, Joseph Bonadies, Mike Seino, Dr. John Kirwan, - Delphi Powertrain DEER, August...
Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia
Motor vehicle emissions of ammonia have been measured at a California highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. Between 1999 and 2006, light-duty vehicle ammonia emissions decreased by 38 {+-} 6%, from 640 {+-} 40 to 400 {+-} 20 mg kg{sup -1}. High time resolution measurements of ammonia made in summer 2001 at the same location indicate a minimum in ammonia emissions correlated with slower-speed driving conditions. Variations in ammonia emission rates track changes in carbon monoxide more closely than changes in nitrogen oxides, especially during later evening hours when traffic speeds are highest. Analysis of remote sensing data of Burgard et al. (Environ Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7018-7022) indicates relationships between ammonia and vehicle model year, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Ammonia emission rates from diesel trucks were difficult to measure in the tunnel setting due to the large contribution to ammonia concentrations in a mixed-traffic bore that were assigned to light-duty vehicle emissions. Nevertheless, it is clear that heavy-duty diesel trucks are a minor source of ammonia emissions compared to light-duty gasoline vehicles.
Kean, A.J.; Littlejohn, D.; Ban-Weiss, G.A.; Harley, R.A.; Kirchstetter, T.W.; Lunden, M. M.
Worried About High N Prices? Keith A Kelling and Larry G Bundy
.S. natural gas prices · Record increase in world nitrogen capacity · China's ban on urea imports · Collapse Nitrate Nitric AcidAmmonia Natural Gas Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Liquid Urea (UR) Prill gas prices NYMEX Natural Gas Prices 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jan-99 Apr-99 Jul-99 O ct-99 Jan-00 Apr
Balser, Teri C.
NH4-smectite: Characterization, hydration properties and hydro mechanical behaviour
NH4-smectite: Characterization, hydration properties and hydro mechanical behaviour M. Gautier a and drive to environmental problems. The purpose of this study was to understand the hydro- physical changes the pressure on small amounts of samples, proved the strong increase of the permeability of NH4-smectite
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Spectra have been recorded for solutions in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) of uranium and neptunium in oxidation states (III) to (VI). The spectra for U(III), Np(III) and Np(IV) in AHF are very similar to those in acidified aqueous solution, but that for U(IV) suggests that the cationic species is UF{sub 2}{sup 2+}. The AHF spectra for the elements in oxidation states (V) and (VI) are not comparable with those of the formally analogous aqueous solutions, where the elements exist as well-defined dioxo-cations. However, the AHF spectra can be related to spectra in the gas phase, in the solid state or in non-aqueous solvents for each element in its appropriate oxidation state.
Baluka, M.; Edelstein, N.; O'Donnell, T. A.
Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of ammonia boranes
Several effective homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of amine boranes have been developed. The best catalyst uses an iridium complex, and is capable of dehydrogenating H3NBH3 (AB) and CH3NH2BH3 (MeAB) at comparable rates. Thermodynamic measurements using this catalyst demonstrate that the dehydrogenation of AB and MeAB is substantially exothermic, which has important implications for regeneration.
Heinekey, Dennis M.
Ammonia removal process upgrade to the Acme Steel Coke Plant
The need to upgrade the ammonia removal process at the Acme Steel Coke Plant developed with the installation of the benzene NESHAP (National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants) equipment, specifically the replacement of the final cooler. At Acme Steel it was decided to replace the existing open cooling tower type final cooler with a closed loop direct spray tar/water final cooler. This new cooler has greatly reduced the emissions of benzene, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide to the atmosphere, bringing them into environmental compliance. At the time of its installation it was not fully recognized as to the effect this would have on the coke oven gas composition. In the late seventies the decision had been made at Acme Steel to stop the production of ammonia sulfate salt crystals. The direction chosen was to make a liquid ammonia sulfate solution. This product was used as a pickle liquor at first and then as a liquid fertilizer as more markets were developed. In the fall of 1986 the ammonia still was brought on line. The vapors generated from the operation of the stripping still are directed to the inlet of the ammonia absorber. At that point in time it was decided that an improvement to the cyclical ammonia removal process was needed. The improvements made were minimal yet allowed the circulation of solution through the ammonia absorber on a continuous basis. The paper describes the original batch process and the modifications made which allowed continuous removal.
Harris, J.L. [Acme Steel Co., Chicago, IL (United States). Chicago Coke Plant
External Quality Assurance Services (EQAS) Ethanol/Ammonia Program
External Quality Assurance Services (EQAS) Ethanol/Ammonia Program BC35 12 x 3 mL 2 Analytes QC35 12 x 3 mL Specimen Only ENGLISH INTENDED USE Bio-Rad EQAS Ethanol/Ammonia Program is designed
Rodriguez, Carlos
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia oxidising bacteria Sample Search...
and Manure Management on Methane and Ammonia Emissions Ngwa Martin Ngwabie Faculty of Landscape... and Ammonia emissions Abstract The objective of this research is to contribute to...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia-oxidizing archaea diversity Sample...
Environmental Sciences and Ecology 4 Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria Summary: LETTERS Ammonia oxidation kinetics...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia gas sensing Sample Search Results
This paper reports the first detection of methanol and ammonia from nadir viewing remote sensing instruments... First satellite observations of lower tropospheric ammonia and...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia removal vpcar Sample Search Results
and simple amines early in the sewage treabnentprocess. Removal of ammonia from wastewater include... THE ALLOWABLE AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT...
EPR and IR studies of [Ru(NH?)?]�+-Y and [Ru(NH?)?N?]�+-Y type zeolites
EPR AND IR STUDIES OF [Ru(NH ) ] -Y 3 6 AND [Ru(NE ) N ] -Y TYPE ZEOLITES 2+ A Thesis by RAYMOND LEON LEUBNER Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partia1 fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE December 1973 Major Subject: Chemistry EPR AND IR STUDIES OF [Ru(NH3) ] -Y 3+ AND [Ru(NH3) N ) -Y TYPE ZEOLITES 2+ 3&2 A Thesis by RAYMOND LEON LEUBNER Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committ (Head of Department) (Memb...
Leubner, Raymond Leon
Measurement and Modeling of Spatial NH3 Storage Distributions...
in a Commercial Small Port Cu Zeolite Urea SCR Catalyst Measurement and Modeling of Spatial NH3 Storage Distributions in a Commercial Small Port Cu Zeolite Urea SCR Catalyst...
Jere Chase Ocean Engineering Lab, Durham, NH Directions & Parking
Jere Chase Ocean Engineering Lab, Durham, NH Directions & Parking Jere Chase Ocean Engineering Lab of the University of New Hampshire. Parking is available at the Jere A. Chase Ocean Engineering Building. Directions
Ammonia-Free NOx Control System
Research is being conducted under United States Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DEFC26-03NT41865 to develop a new technology to achieve very low levels of NOx emissions from pulverized coal fired boiler systems by employing a novel system level integration between the PC combustion process and the catalytic NOx reduction with CO present in the combustion flue gas. The combustor design and operating conditions will be optimized to achieve atypical flue gas conditions. This approach will not only suppress NOx generation during combustion but also further reduce NOx over a downstream catalytic reactor that does not require addition of an external reductant, such as ammonia. This report describes the work performed during the January 1 to March 31, 2004 time period.
S. Wu; Z. Fan; R. Herman
Research is being conducted under United States Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DEFC26-03NT41865 to develop a new technology to achieve very low levels of NOx emissions from pulverized coal fired boiler systems by employing a novel system level integration between the PC combustion process and the catalytic NOx reduction with CO present in the combustion flue gas. The combustor design and operating conditions will be optimized to achieve atypical flue gas conditions. This approach will not only suppress NOx generation during combustion but also further reduce NOx over a downstream catalytic reactor that does not require addition of an external reductant, such as ammonia. This report describes the work performed during the October 1 to December 31, 2003 time period.
S. Wu
Effects of gaseous NH{sub 3} and SO{sub 2} on the concentration profiles of PCDD/F in flyash under post-combustion zone conditions
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Influence of NH{sub 3} and SO{sub 2} on 2378-PCDD/F in flyash and flue gases was investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NH{sub 3} decreased the concentration of PCDD and PCDF by 34-75% in the flyash. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NH{sub 3} decreased the concentration of PCDD and PCDF by 21-40% from the flue gases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer SO{sub 2} led to 99% PCDD and 93% PCDF reductions in the flyash. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer SO{sub 2} led to 89% PCDD and 76% PCDF reductions in the flue gases. - Abstract: The influence of gaseous ammonia and sulphur dioxide on the formation of 2378-substituted PCDD/F on a reference flyash from a municipal waste incinerator has been investigated using a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor. The reference flyash samples (BCR-490) was reacted under a simulated flue gas stream at temperatures of 225 and 375 Degree-Sign C for 96 h. The experiments were carried out in two series: first with simulated flue gas alone, and then with injection of NH{sub 3} or SO{sub 2} gas into the flue gas just before the reactor inlet. It was found that the injection of gaseous ammonia into the flue gas could decrease the concentration of both PCDD and PCDF by 34-75% from the solid phase and by 21-40% from the gas phase. Converting the results to I-TEQ values, it could reduce the total I-TEQ values of PCDD and PCDF in the sum of the flyash and exhaust flue gas by 42-75% and 24-57% respectively. The application of SO{sub 2} led to 99% and 93% reductions in the PCDD and PCDF average congener concentrations, respectively in the solid phase. In the gas phase, the total reductions were 89% and 76% for PCDD and PCDF, respectively. Moreover, addition of SO{sub 2} reduced the total I-TEQ value of PCDD and PCDF in the flyash and exhaust flue gas together by 60-86% and 72-82% respectively. Sulphur dioxide was more effective than ammonia in suppressing PCDD/F formation in flyash under the conditions investigated.
Hajizadeh, Yaghoub; Onwudili, Jude A. [Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT (United Kingdom); Williams, Paul T., E-mail: email@example.com [Energy Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT (United Kingdom)
Anhydrous aluminum chloride as an alkylation catalyst: identification of mono- and dialkyl-benzenes from the condensation of tertiary butyl alcohol with benzene.
LIBRARY a a w c"I. I. SI - O~ TI:YAf ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE AS AN ALKYLATION CATALYST: IDENTIFICATION OF MONO- AND DIALKYIZENZENES FROM THE CONDENSATION QF TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL WITH BENKENE IACEY EUGENE SCOGGINS 4 A Thesis Submitted...: IDENTIFICATION OF MONO- AND DI~NZZNES FROM THE CONDENSATION OF TERTIARY BUTYL ALCOHOL WITH BENZENE A Thesis By LACEY EUGENE SCOGGINS Approved as to style and content hy: Chairman of Committee Head of Chemistry Department 1959 ACKNOWLEDGME1VTS The author...
Scoggins, Lacey E
Retrofits: A Means for Reducing Energy Consumption in Ammonia Manufacture
, be fore we proceed to that discussion, it would be help ful to make a purely theoretical analysis of what the potential energy savings might be. The reaction of methane with steam and air to form ammonia is shown below. CH4 + 1.3974H20'+ 0.301302 + 1... on an ammonia production rate of 1000 STPD using natural gas feed. The process is divided into the following three sections with utilities included as an additional section: Reforming and shift C02 removal and methanation Compression and ammonia synthesis...
LeBlanc, J. R.; Moore, D. O.; Schneider, R. V., III
Proton transfer dynamics of the reaction H3O ,,NH3 ,H2O...NH4
, Rochester, New York 14627 Received 29 September 2003; accepted 8 October 2003 The proton transfer reaction of H3O and NH3 was studied using the crossed molecular beam technique at relative energies of 0.41, 0.81, and 1.27 eV. At all three energies, the center-of-mass flux distribution of the product ion NH4 exhibits
Farrar, James M.
AMMONIA RECEIVER DESIGN FOR A 500m2 Rebecca Dunn, Keith Lovegrove, and Greg Burgess
decomposition of ammonia to store solar energy. Ammonia passes alternately between energy-storing (dissociationAMMONIA RECEIVER DESIGN FOR A 500m2 DISH Rebecca Dunn, Keith Lovegrove, and Greg Burgess Solar 0200, Australia. Phone: +61 2 6125 4046. email@example.com Abstract Previous ammonia receiver
Ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers surface applied on bermudagrass
. The biological activity was measured by trapping the CO in NaOH (0. 422 N). The NH3 which was volatilized from the urea was trapped in boric acid according to Bremner (1965). Volatilized NH and evolved CO were measured daily by titrating the boric acid and 13... was passed over the soil surface, then bubbled into boric acid to trap volatilized NH (Bremner, 1965). Humidified air was used to prevent rapid soil drying which would retard NH volatilization (Ernst and Massey, 1960). The apparatus is diagrammed in Fig. 1...
Panossian, Jack B.
Emission computed tomography of /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose and /sup 13/N-ammonia in stroke and epilepsy
The ECAT Positron Tomograph was used to scan normal control subjects, stroke patients at various times during recovery, and patients with partial epilepsy during EEG monitoring. /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose (/sup 18/FDG) and /sup 13/N-Ammonia (/sup 13/NH/sub 3/) were used as indicators of abnormalities in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMR/sub glc/) and relative perfusion, respectively. Hypometabolism, due to deactivation or minimal damage, was demonstrated with the /sup 18/FDG scan in deep structures and broad zones of cerebral cortex which appeared normal on x-ray CT (XCT) and /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate scans. In patients with partial epilepsy, who had unilateral or focal electrical abnormalities, interictal /sup 18/FDG scan patterns clearly showed localized regions of decreased (20 to 50%) LCMR/sub glc/, which correlated anatomically with the eventual EEG localization.
Kuhl, D.E.; Phelps, M.E.; Engel, J. Jr.
Passive Ammonia Sensor: RFID Tag Integrating Carbon Nanotubes
Passive Ammonia Sensor: RFID Tag Integrating Carbon Nanotubes C. Occhiuzzi (1), A.Rida(2), G. Marrocco(3) , M. M. Tentzeris(4) (1)firstname.lastname@example.com (2)email@example.com (3)marrocco
Tentzeris, Manos
ammonia emission inventories: Topics by E-print Network
Experience and Test Results From An Ammonia-Based DryWet Cooling System For Electric Power Stations Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary: . In this concept, the reject...
ammonia emission inventory: Topics by E-print Network
Energy Saving in Ammonia Plant by Using Gas Turbine
An ammonia plant, in which the IHI-SULZER Type 57 Gas Turbine is integrated in order to achieve energy saving, has started successful operation. Tile exhaust gas of the gas turbine has thermal energy of relatively high temperature, therefore...
Uji, S.; Ikeda, M.
Membrane Based intensification of ammonia removal from wastewater
The aim of this research was to study a novel membrane based oxygen intensification system to enhance a biological wastewater treatment process for ammonia removal. Specifically, this work is concerned with the biological nitrification process which...
Almutairi, Azel
ammonia chemical ionization: Topics by E-print Network
ionization processes (more) Ozawa, Takashi 2007-01-01 69 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia positron emission: Topics by E-print Network
Nakai; Kentarou Kawaguchi; Toshiaki Takano 2000-10-25 185 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia compensation point: Topics by E-print Network
not only a unique opportunity to gain both Ghosh, Joydeep 54 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia borane complex: Topics by E-print Network
w x5-7 . Borane-triethylamine complex Boo, Jin-Hyo 43 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia electronic resource: Topics by E-print Network
is not required such as with rehires Ronquist, Fredrik 63 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia final technical: Topics by E-print Network
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 41 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia triggers exocytotic: Topics by E-print Network
Beauchemin, P; The ATLAS collaboration 2010-01-01 46 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
acid ammonia lyase: Topics by E-print Network
to forest health in the region. Sarah Jovan; Bruce Mccune 73 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia emission estimates: Topics by E-print Network
Nakai; Kentarou Kawaguchi; Toshiaki Takano 2000-10-25 153 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia detection based: Topics by E-print Network
Nakai; Kentarou Kawaguchi; Toshiaki Takano 2000-10-25 357 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia binding sites: Topics by E-print Network
et al., 2009). A mRNA can Paris-Sud XI, Universit de 247 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia based co2: Topics by E-print Network
Time where tower levels 1-3 become Stanier, Charlie 418 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia solution activity: Topics by E-print Network
be in excellent agreement with our recent Goodman, Wayne 57 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
ammonia oxidizer community: Topics by E-print Network
to nitrate. No organism in culture is known Ward, Bess 62 Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary:...
P-20 UreaAmmonia Distribution Optimization in an SCR Emission Control System Through the Use of CFD Analysis Gi-Heon Kim, Matthew Thornton National Renewable Energy Laboratory...
ammonia fuel cell: Topics by E-print Network
ali as hydrogen (H2) storage compounds for fuel cell applications. Identify the pros and cons of using ammoniaBNH3) as a chemical hydrogen storage medium on-board fuel cell...
Ammonia volatilization from surface application of ammonium sulfate to carbonate systems
from surface application of' ammonium fertilizers to calcareous soils 7 Ammonia Volatilization from Limed, Acid Soil Comparison of ammonia vole, tilization from different ammonium fertilizers Other factors affecting ammonia volatilization 10...-Newman-Keul's multiple range analysis of ammonia volatilization from a limed, acid soil supporting Coastal bermudagrass as affected by calcium carbonate . 58 Student-Newman-Keul's multiple range analysis of ammonia volatilization i'rom a limed. , acid soil supporting...
Feagley, Sam Edward
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cu-SAPO-34 Catalysts for Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction. 1. Aqueous Solution Ion Exchange
SAPO-34 molecular sieves are synthesized using various structure directing agents (SDAs). Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts are prepared via aqueous solution ion exchange. Catalysts are characterized with surface area/pore volume measurements, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Catalytic properties are examined using standard ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) and ammonia oxidation reactions. During solution ion exchange, different SAPO-34 samples undergo different extent of structural damage via irreversible hydrolysis. Si content within the samples (i.e., Al-O-Si bond density) and framework stress are key factors that affect irreversible hydrolysis. Even using very dilute Cu acetate solutions, it is not possible to generate Cu-SAPO-34 samples with only isolated Cu2+ ions. Small amounts of CuOx species always coexist with isolated Cu2+ ions. Highly active and selective Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts for NH3-SCR are readily generated using this synthesis protocol, even for SAPO-34 samples that degrade substantially during solution ion exchange. High-temperature aging is found to improve the catalytic performance. This is likely due to reduction of intracrystalline mass-transfer limitations via formation of additional porosity in the highly defective SAPO-34 particles formed after ion exchange. The authors gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies for the support of this work. The research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE�s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract number DE-AC05-76RL01830.
Gao, Feng; Walter, Eric D.; Washton, Nancy M.; Szanyi, Janos; Peden, Charles HF
A power cycle generates electricity from the heat of combustion of fossil fuels. Its efficiency is governed by the cycle configuration, the operating parameters, and the working fluid. Typical. designs use pure water as the fluid. in the last two decades, hybrid cycles based on ammonia-water, and carbon-dioxide mixtures as the working fluid have been proposed. These cycles may improve the power generation efficiency of Rankine cycles by 15%. Improved efficiency is important for two reasons: it lowers the cost of electricity being produced, and by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels per unit power, it reduces the generation of environmental pollutants. The goal of this project is to develop a computational optimization-based method for the design and analysis of hybrid bottoming power cycles to minimize the usage of fossil fuels. The development of this methodology has been achieved by formulating this task as that of selecting the least cost power cycle design from all possible configurations. They employ a detailed thermodynamic property prediction package they have developed under a DOE-FETC grant to model working fluid mixtures. Preliminary results from this work suggest that a pure NH{sub 3} cycle outperforms steam or the expensive Kalina cycle.
Ashish Gupta
Kinetics Study of Solid Ammonia Borane Hydrogen Release � Modeling and Experimental Validation for Chemical Hydrogen Storage
Ammonia borane (AB), NH3BH3, is a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage with 19.6 wt% gravimetric hydrogen capacity of which 16.2 wt% hydrogen can be utilized below 200�C. We have investigated the kinetics of hydrogen release from AB and from an AB-methyl cellulose (AB/MC) composite at temperatures of 160-300�C using both experiments and modeling. The purpose of our study was to show safe hydrogen release without thermal runaway effects and to validate system model kinetics. AB/MC released hydrogen at ~20�C lower than neat AB and at a rate that is two times faster. Based on the experimental results, the kinetics equations were revised to better represent the growth and nucleation process during decomposition of AB. We explored two different reactor concepts; Auger and fixed bed. The current Auger reactor concept turned out to not be appropriate, however, we demonstrated safe self-propagation of the hydrogen release reaction of solid AB/MC in a fixed bed reactor.
Choi, Yong-Joon; Ronnebro, Ewa; Rassat, Scot D.; Karkamkar, Abhijeet J.; Maupin, Gary D.; Holladay, Jamelyn D.; Simmons, Kevin L.; Brooks, Kriston P.
Poultry Curriculum Committee Meeting Minutes February 2, 2013 Boscawen, NH
Poultry Curriculum Committee Meeting Minutes February 2, 2013 Boscawen, NH I. Welcome and Introductions a. Who is doing Poultry 4-H around the state? b. Present: PJ White, Florence White, Jolee Chase Beauregard c. Clubs with Poultry Project Areas: i. Kim Steele (Hillsborough County): Hooves, Hens, Heifers
Design, start up, and three years operating experience of an ammonia scrubbing, distillation, and destruction plant
When the rebuilt Coke Plant started operations in November of 1992, it featured a completely new closed circuit secondary cooler, ammonia scrubbing, ammonia distillation, and ammonia destruction plants. This is the second plant of this type to be built in North America. To remove the ammonia from the gas, it is scrubbed with three liquids: Approximately 185 gallons/minute of cooled stripped liquor from the ammonia stills; Light oil plant condensate; and Optionally, excess flushing liquor. These scrubbers typically reduce ammonia content in the gas from 270 Grains/100 standard cubic feet to 0.2 Grains/100 standard cubic feet.
Gambert, G.
The preparation and analysis of ammonia base sulfite pulping liquor
NH3 Concentrations . . . . . , ~ . ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ q IV The Distribution of S02 in a 2. 82$ RR3 Solution for Various Total SO2 Concentrations . . . . . . , . . . ~ . . . 31 FIGURES l. Variation of pH with Percent NH3 in Solution. . . . . ~. . . 25... 2. Variation of pH with S02 Concentration in Solutions of Various NH Concentrations . . . . ~ . . . ~ . ~ o ~ . o . ~ 27 3 ~ Composition of Solutions to give a Constant pH of T and 2. 5 , ~ 2Q 4. The Variation of the Ratio of Free S02 to Total SO2...
Honstead, John Frederick
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cu/SAPO-34 Catalysts for NH3-SCR 2: Solid-state Ion Exchange and One-pot Synthesis
Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts are synthesized using two methods: solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) and one-pot synthesis. SSIE is conducted by calcining SAPO-34/CuO mixtures at elevated temperatures. For the one-pot synthesis method, Cu-containing chemicals (CuO and CuSO4) are added during gel preparation. A high-temperature calcination step is also needed for this method. Catalysts are characterized with surface area/pore volume measurements, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Catalytic properties are examined using standard ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) and ammonia oxidation reactions. In Cu-SAPO-34 samples formed using SSIE, Cu presents both as isolated Cu2+ ions and unreacted CuO. The former is highly active and selective in NH3-SCR, while the latter catalyzes a side reaction; notably, the non-selective oxidation of NH3 above 350 �C. Using the one-pot method followed by a high-temperature aging treatment, it is possible to form Cu SAPO-34 samples with predominately isolated Cu2+ ions at low Cu loadings. However at much higher Cu loadings, isolated Cu2+ ions that bind weakly with the CHA framework and CuO clusters also form. These Cu moieties are very active in catalyzing non-selective NH3 oxidation above 350 �C. Low-temperature reaction kinetics indicate that Cu-SAPO-34 samples formed using SSIE have core-shell structures where Cu is enriched in the shell layers; while Cu is more evenly distributed within the one-pot samples. Reaction kinetics also suggest that at low temperatures, the local environment next to Cu2+ ion centers plays little role on the overall catalytic properties. The authors gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office for the support of this work. The research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE�s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle under contract number DE-AC05-76RL01830. The authors also thank Shari Li (PNNL) for surface area/pore volume measurements, and Bruce W. Arey (PNNL) for SEM measurements. Discussions with Drs. A. Yezerets, K. Kamasamudram, J.H. Li, N. Currier and J.Y. Luo from Cummins, Inc. and H.Y. Chen and H. Hess from Johnson-Matthey are greatly appreciated.
Ammonia-treated phosphate glasses useful for sealing to metals
A method of improving surface-dependent properties of phosphate glass such as durability and wear resistance without significantly affecting its thermal expansion coefficient is provided which comprises annealing the glass in a dry ammonia atmosphere at temperatures approximating the transition temperature of the glass. The ammonia annealing treatment of the present invention is carried out for a time sufficient to allow incorporation of a thin layer of nitrogen into the surface of the phosphate glass, and the treatment improves the durability of the glass without the reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient that has restricted the effectiveness of prior ammonia treatments. The improved phosphate glass resulting from this method is superior in wear resistance, yet maintains suitable thermal expansion properties so that it may be used effectively in a variety of applications requiring hermetic glass-metal seals.
Brow, R.K.; Day, D.E.
Catalyst Design for Urea-less Passive Ammonia SCR Lean-Burn SIDI...
Design for Urea-less Passive Ammonia SCR Lean-Burn SIDI Aftertreatment System Catalyst Design for Urea-less Passive Ammonia SCR Lean-Burn SIDI Aftertreatment System Lean-burn SIDI...
3rd Generation SCR System Using Solid Ammonia Storage and Direct...
rd Generation SCR System Using Solid Ammonia Storage and Direct Gas Dosing 3rd Generation SCR System Using Solid Ammonia Storage and Direct Gas Dosing SCR system provides direct...
Molecular Design of Intercalation-Based Sensors. 1. Ammonia Sensing with Quartz Crystal
portable, ammonia sensors has grown markedly in recent years. Ammonia sensors recently described in the literature have taken advantage of optical or electrochemical responses in both liquids and vapors
Computer simulation and economic analysis for ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment process
The ammonia fiber explosion (AFFECT) process is a promising new pretreatment for enhancing the reactivity of lignocerulose materials with many advantages over existing processes. The material is soaked in high-pressure liquid ammonia for a few...
Wang, Lin
Safe and compact ammonia storage/delivery systems for SCR-DeNOX...
Safe and compact ammonia storagedelivery systems for SCR-DeNOX in automotive units Safe and compact ammonia storagedelivery systems for SCR-DeNOX in automotive units Presentation...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia synthesis gas Sample Search Results
for ... Source: Australian National University, Department of Engineering, Solar Energy Program Collection: Renewable Energy ; Engineering 2 Solid State Ammonia Synthesis...
On rotational dynamics of an NH4+ ion in water
We used molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the rotational dynamics of the NH4+ ion in liquid water. The polarizable potential models were to describe the ion-water and water-water interactions. This study complements the work of Karim and Haymet (J. Chem. Phys., 93, 5961, 1990), who employed effective pir potential models. The computed rotational diffusion coefficients of the NH4+ ion in water, which were determined from the angular momentum autocorrelation function and the angular mean-square displacement, are 0.093 x 1012 rad2/s and 0.067 x 1012 rad2/s, repectively. These results are in good agreement with the 0.075 x 1012 rad2/s value determined from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of Perrin and Gipe (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 1088, 1986; Science, 238, 1393, 1987).
Chang, Tsun-Mei (University of Wisconsin-Parkside); Dang, Liem X. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Public Service Co of NH | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating Solar PowerstoriesNrelPartnerType Jump to: navigation,ReferencesMitigationNewPublicNH
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: EnergyPotentialUrbanUtilityScalePVCapacity Jump to:USGSMeanReservoirTempUtility, Inc. (Pennsylvania) JumpofNH
Thermal Durability of Cu-CHA NH3-SCR Catalysts for Diesel NOx...
Durability of Cu-CHA NH3-SCR Catalysts for Diesel NOx Reduction. Thermal Durability of Cu-CHA NH3-SCR Catalysts for Diesel NOx Reduction. Abstract: Multiple catalytic functions...
Structure-Activity Relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as...
Relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as Probed by Reaction Kinetics and EPR Studies. Structure-Activity Relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as Probed by...
NH3 generation over commercial Three-Way Catalysts and Lean-NOx...
NH3 generation over commercial Three-Way Catalysts and Lean-NOx Traps NH3 generation over commercial Three-Way Catalysts and Lean-NOx Traps Research to identify most promising...
Evaluation of the potential for significant ammonia releases from Hanford waste tanks
Ammonia is ubiquitous as a component of the waste stored in the Hanford Site single-shell tanks (SSTs) and double-shell tanks (DSTs). Because ammonia is both flammable and toxic, concerns have been raised about the amount of ammonia stored in the tanks and the possible mechanisms by which it could be released from the waste into the head space inside the tanks as well as into the surrounding atmosphere. Ammonia is a safety issue for three reasons. As already mentioned, ammonia is a flammable gas and may contribute to a flammability hazard either directly, if it reaches a high enough concentration in the tank head space, or by contributing to the flammability of other flammable gases such as hydrogen (LANL 1994). Ammonia is also toxic and at relatively low concentrations presents a hazard to human health. The level at which ammonia is considered Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) is 300 ppm (WHC 1993, 1995). Ammonia concentrations at or above this level have been measured inside the head space in a number of SSTs. Finally, unlike hydrogen and nitrous oxide, ammonia is highly soluble in aqueous solutions, and large amounts of ammonia can be stored in the waste as dissolved gas. Because of its high solubility, ammonia behaves in a qualitatively different manner from hydrogen or other insoluble gases. A broader range of scenarios must be considered in modeling ammonia storage and release.
Palmer, B.J.; Anderson, C.M.; Chen, G.; Cuta, J.M.; Ferryman, T.A.; Terrones, G.
Detailed modeling and laser-induced fluorescence imaging of nitric oxide in a NH(i)-seeded non-premixed methane/air flame
In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal.The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms including thermal and prompt NO appear to contribute to NO formation. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames are underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet.
Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Grcar, Joseph F.; Bessler, Wolfgang G.; Schulz, Christof; Glarborg, Peter; Jensen, Anker D.
Ammonia-Activated Mesoporous Carbon Membranes for Gas Separations
Porous carbon membranes, which generally show improved chemical and thermal stability compared to polymer membranes, have been used in gas separations for many years. In this work, we show that the post-synthesis ammonia treatment of porous carbon at elevated temperature can improve the permeance and selectivity of these membranes for the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons from permanent gases. Hierarchically structured porous carbon membranes were exposed to ammonia gas at temperatures ranging from 850 C to 950 C for up to 10 min and the N{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, and C{sub 3}H{sub 6} permeances were measured for these different membranes. Higher treatment temperatures and longer exposure times resulted in higher gas permeance values. In addition, CO{sub 2}/N{sub 2} and C{sub 3}H{sub 6}/N{sub 2} selectivities increased by a factor of 2 as the treatment temperature and time increased up to a temperature and time of 900 C, 10 min. Higher temperatures showed increased permeance but decreased selectivity indicating excess pore activation. Nitrogen adsorption measurements show that the ammonia treatment increased the porosity of the membrane while elemental analysis revealed the presence of nitrogen-containing surface functionalities in the treated carbon membranes. Thus, ammonia treatment at high temperature provides a controlled method to introduce both added microporosity and surface functionality to enhance gas separations performance of porous carbon membranes.
Mahurin, Shannon Mark [ORNL; Lee, Jeseung [ORNL; Wang, Xiqing [ORNL; Dai, Sheng [ORNL
Corrosion protection of steel in ammonia/water heat pumps
Corrosion of steel surfaces in a heat pump is inhibited by adding a rare earth metal salt to the heat pump's ammonia/water working fluid. In preferred embodiments, the rare earth metal salt includes cerium, and the steel surfaces are cerated to enhance the corrosion-inhibiting effects.
Mansfeld, Florian B.; Sun, Zhaoli
Original article Ammonia treatment of lucerne and cocksfoot
Original article Ammonia treatment of lucerne and cocksfoot harvested at two growth stages: Effect and the end of first growth. Lucerne and cocksfoot samples were treated with 30 g ammo- nia per kg DM for 4 and pepsin-cellulase digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and cell walls (CW). Lucerne had a very different CW
Transportable automated ammonia sensor based on a pulsed thermoelectrically cooled
Transportable automated ammonia sensor based on a pulsed thermoelectrically cooled quantum single-frequency, thermoelectrically cooled, pulsed quantum-cascade laser with an embedded distributed absorption spectroscopy with a pulsed QC DFB laser was reported in Ref. 3, where wavelength modulation
Low Temperature Milling of the LiNH2 + LiH Hydrogen Storage System...
Milling of the LiNH2 + LiH Hydrogen Storage System. Low Temperature Milling of the LiNH2 + LiH Hydrogen Storage System. Abstract: Ball milling of the LiNH2 + LiH storage system was...
Field measurements of ammonia volatilization from surface applications of nitrogen fertilizers to a calcareous soil
to measure volatilized NH3 in the labora- tory. A) Vacuum pump, B) Boric acid trap to collect volatilized NH ~ C) NH3 volatilization chamber, D) Trkp to re- move NH3 from incoming air . . . . . . . . . . . 21 A schematic of the apparatus used to make... direct measurements of NH losses in the field. A) Vacuum pum), B) Boric acid trap, C) NH volatilization chamber, consisting of metal cylinder and plexi- glass top The cumulative NH losses over time for four rates of' a)plication of urea...
Hargrove, W. L
Depending on the size and type of boiler, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments required specific reductions in SO{sub 2} emissions from coal-fired electric utilities. To meet these requirements, SO{sub 2} reduction strategies have included installing scrubbing technology, switching to a more expensive low-sulfur coal, or purchasing SO{sub 2} allowances. It is expected that over the next 10 years there will be an increase in the price of low-sulfur coals, but that higher-sulfur coal costs will remain the same. Technologies must be strongly considered that allow the use of high-sulfur fuels while at the same time meeting current and future SO{sub 2} emission limits. One such technology is the ammonia based flue gas desulfurization (FGD) (NH{sub 3}-based FGD) system manufactured by Marsulex Environmental Technologies (MET). The MET scrubber is a patented NH{sub 3}-based FGD process that efficiently converts SO{sub 2} (>95%) into a fertilizer product, ammonium sulfate ([NH{sub 4}]{sub 2}SO{sub 4}). A point of concern for the MET technology, as well as other FGD systems, is the emission of sulfuric acid/SO{sub 3} aerosols that could result in increased opacity at the stack. This is a direct result of firing high-sulfur fuels that naturally generate more SO{sub 3} than do low-sulfur coals. SO{sub 3} is formed during the coal combustion process. SO{sub 3} is converted to gaseous H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} by homogeneous condensation, leading to a submicron acid fume that is very difficult to capture in a dry electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The condensed acid can also combine with the fly ash in the duct and scale the duct wall, potentially resulting in corrosion of both metallic and nonmetallic surfaces. Therefore, SO{sub 3} in flue gas can have a significant impact on the performance of coal-fired utility boilers, air heaters, and ESPs. In addition to corrosion problems, excess SO{sub 3} emissions can result in plume opacity problems. Thus the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) was contracted by MET and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate the potential of a wet ESP for reducing SO{sub 3} emissions. The work consisted of pilot-scale tests using the EERC's slagging furnace system (SFS) to determine the effectiveness of a wet ESP to control SO{sub 3}/H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} aerosol emissions in conjunction with a dry ESP and MET's NH{sub 3}-based FGD. Because these compounds are in the form of fine particles, it is speculated that a relatively small, highly efficient wet ESP following the MET scrubber would remove these fine aerosol particles. The performance target for the wet ESP was a particulate mass collection efficiency of >90%; this level of performance would likely ensure a stack opacity of <10%.
Dennis L. Laudal
Equipment configurations for use of ammonia in supermarket applications. Report for September 1992-May 1994
The paper discusses equipment configurations for the use of ammonia in supermarket refrigeration applications. This paper identifies the optimal design for ammonia-secondary fluid systems and compares their performance to that of R22 systems. Three methods of staging the compression were compared for both refrigerants. Six secondary fluids were evaluated for use with ammonia in a supermarket system. Overall system performance of the ammonia-secondary fluid refrigeration system is governed by a large set of design parameters. The influence of these parameters on overall system performance was studied systematically. From this parametric study, design rules were developed, leading to optimum ammonia-secondary fluid systems.
McDowell, T.P.; Mitchell, J.W.; Klein, S.A.
Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part II. Recovery of Ammonia from Sour Waters
oil the or HzS compounds to injection of NH 3 fractionator overhead systems neutralize and thereby prevent corrosion
Poole, L.J.
Understanding ammonia selective catalytic reduction kinetics over Cu-SSZ-13 from motion of the Cu ions
Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with three Si/Al ratios, at 6, 12 and 35, are synthesized with solution ion exchange. Catalysts are characterized with surface area/pore volume measurements, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Catalytic properties are examined using NO oxidation, ammonia oxidation, and standard ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) reactions. By varying Si/Al ratios and Cu loadings, it is possible to synthesize catalysts with one dominant type of isolated Cu2+ ion species. Prior to full dehydration of the zeolite catalyst, hydrated Cu2+ ions are found to be very mobile as judged from EPR. NO oxidation is catalyzed by O-bridged Cu-dimer species that form at relatively high Cu loadings and in the presence of O2. For NH3 oxidation and standard SCR reactions, transient Cu-dimers even form at much lower Cu loadings; and these are proposed to be the active sites for reaction temperatures ? 350 �C. These dimer species can be viewed as in equilibrium with monomeric Cu ion complexes. Between ~250 and 350 �C, these moieties become less stable causing SCR reaction rates to decrease. At temperatures above 350 �C and at low Cu loadings, Cu-dimers completely dissociate to regenerate isolated Cu2+ monomers that then locate at ion-exchange sites of the zeolite lattice. At low Cu loadings, these Cu species are the high-temperature active SCR catalytic centers. At high Cu loadings, on the other hand, both Cu-dimers and monomers are highly active in the high temperature kinetic regime, yet Cu-dimers are less selective in SCR. Br�nsted acidity is also very important for SCR reactivity in the high-temperature regime. The authors gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office for the support of this work. The research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE�s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle.
Gao, Feng; Walter, Eric D.; Kollar, Marton; Wang, Yilin; Szanyi, Janos; Peden, Charles HF
Adsorption analysis of ammonia in an aqueous solution
An analysis is carried out to determine the effects of the diffusional resistance on the rate of the adsorption of ammonia in an aqueous solution. A performance prediction model is developed to calculate the local rate of heat and mass transfer, including physical and thermodynamic property calculations of the mixture. An algorithm is developed for calculating the interfacial conditions. The local heat- and mass-transfer calculation is then incorporated into the performance prediction method for adsorption for a given geometry.
Arman, B.; Panchal, C.B.
Theoretical study of the ammoniated NH/sub 4/ radical and related structures
The ground- and some of the excited-state surfaces for the reaction of the Rydberg radical NH/sub 4/ to give either NH/sub 3/ + H or NH/sub 2/ + H/sub 2/ are computed. The preferred ground reaction channel is that observed experimentally, the formation of NH/sub 3/ + H. The Rydberg character, as well as the low barrier for fragmentation, is rationalized using a Rydberg extended-state structure correlation diagram. The excited-state surfaces show deep potential wells whose forms are also rationalized using this correlation diagram. Calculations on the surface of tetramethylammonium radical show no enhanced stability due to alkyl substitution. Comparative calculations on the complexation energies of HN/sub 4//sup +/ (NH/sub 3/)/sub n/ and NH/sub 4/(NH/sub 3/)/sub n/, n = 1-6, show the semiionic character of the Rydberg radical. The variation of stepwise complexation energies with n for the Rydberg species is not completely understood. The stability of solvated NH/sub 4/ radical in liquid NH/sub 3/ is estimated to be of the same order as (NH/sub 4//sup +/)/sub s/ + (e/sup -/)/sub s/.
Kassab, E.; Evleth, E.M.
Ammonia volatilization from soils with surface rice straw residue
rice residue and related factors on NH3 volatilization from an acid Beaumont clay (pH 5.4) and an alkaline Lake Charles clay (pH 7.4). The treatments in the greenhouse and lab consisted of all possible combinations of the following variables: surface...
Barghassa, Peyam
Array-type NH.sub.3 sensor
An array-type sensor that senses NH.sub.3 includes non-Nernstian sensing elements constructed from metal and/or metal-oxide electrodes on an O.sub.2 ion conducting substrate. In one example sensor, one electrode may be made of platinum, another electrode may be made of manganese (III) oxide (Mn.sub.2O.sub.3), and another electrode may be made of tungsten trioxide (WO.sub.3). Some sensing elements may further include an electrode made of La.sub.0.6Sr.sub.0.4Co.sub.0.2Fe.sub0.8O.sub.3 and another electrode made of LaCr.sub.0.95.Mg.sub.0.05O.sub.3.
West, David Lawrence; Montgomery, Frederick Charles; Armstrong, Timothy R; Warmack, Robert J
The effect of dietary protein and fiber on in vivo ammonia concentration
diffusion (65, 85), the more acidic the colonic contents the less absorption of ammonia should occur. In theory, then, it may be possible to counteract the potentially negative effects of a high protein diet by the addition of the appropriate type... ammonia concentration, possibly through the deamination of ingested protein. Although deamination of dietary protein by the intestinal microflora is the primary determinant of ammonia production, Krebs (45) demonstrated the presence of an L-amino acid...
Marchant, Linda Jean
Modular testing allows to characterize the individual components in TWC Sampling Ports NH 3 Formation over Pd-only vs. Pd-Rh PdRh catalyst with OSC makes much less NH 3...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia-oxidizing bathypelagic crenarchaeota...
University Collection: Biology and Medicine 2 Archaeal Communities in Surface Stream Sediments Contact: Tony Palumbo (email@example.com, 8655745845) Summary: the ammonia oxidizer...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia emission rate Sample Search Results
season... catalyst systems. The ammonia emission rate is not a design criterion for automobile catalyst systems... Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) ... Source: Aneja, Viney P. -...
System and method for determining an ammonia generation rate in a three-way catalyst
A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a rate determination module, a storage level determination module, and an air/fuel ratio control module. The rate determination module determines an ammonia generation rate in a three-way catalyst based on a reaction efficiency and a reactant level. The storage level determination module determines an ammonia storage level in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst positioned downstream from the three-way catalyst based on the ammonia generation rate. The air/fuel ratio control module controls an air/fuel ratio of an engine based on the ammonia storage level.
Sun, Min; Perry, Kevin L; Kim, Chang H
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia negative ion Sample Search Results
AND INTERSTELLAR ICES Summary: recently, it has been shown that the impact of 252Cf fis- sion fragments on solid ammonia produced negative... dissociative ionization of the...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia Sample Search Results
Division Ir Lid., 1998 Summary: THE ALLOWABLE AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DISCHARGE TO ENSURE PROTECl'ION OF AQUATIC... Box4395QQ.Melbourne...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia oxidizing bacteria Sample Search...
made of the generous search support... THE ALLOWABLE AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DISCHARGE TO ... Source: Canberra, University of - Institute for...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities...
List Advanced Search Sample search results for: ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Aquat Microb Ecol Summary: AA...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia emission trends Sample Search Results
5 Satellite Observations of Tropospheric Ammonia Mark W.Shephard, Karen E. Cady-Pereira, Vivienne H.Payne Summary: differences likely driven by uncertainty in emissions...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonia policy context Sample Search Results
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 41 Water Quality Assessment and Analysis in Tha Chin River Basin, Thailand Summary: ; most physico-chemical parameters, such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - acute ammonia challenge Sample Search Results
Asia (coastal China, Korea and Japan) and Western Europe - experienced most acutely... Germany and the UK were also the world's leading producers of ammonia recovered from coke...
Out of the materials available for chemical hydrogen storage in PEM fuel cell applications, ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) has a high hydrogen storage capacity (upto 19.6% by weight for the release of three hydrogen molecules). Therefore, AB was chosen in our chemical hydride simulation studies. A model for the AB bead reactor system was developed to study the system performance and determine the energy, mass and volume requirements for off-board regenerable hydrogen storage. The system includes hot and cold augers, ballast tank and reactor, product tank, H2 burner and a radiator. One dimensional models based on conservation of mass, species and energy were used to predict important state variables such as reactant and product concentrations, temperatures of various components, flow rates, along with pressure in the reactor system. Control signals to various components are governed by a control system which is modeled as an independent subsystem. Various subsystem components in the models were coded as C language S-functions and implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. Preliminary system simulation results for a start-up case and for a transient drive cycle indicate accurate trends in the reactor system dynamics.
Brooks, Kriston P.; Devarakonda, Maruthi N.; Rassat, Scot D.; King, Dale A.; Herling, Darrell R.
Characterization of ammonia emissions from ground level area sources at central texas dairies
for the free-stall dairy were determined to be 11.1 �4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for summer season and 4.7� 4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for winter season. The estimated annual NH3 EF was 8.4 �4.9 kg NH3 year-1 head-1 for this free-stall dairy. In winter, composted...
Mutlu, Atilla
Continued investigations of the catalytic reduction of N? to NH? by molybdenum triamidoamine complexes
A study of the effects of employing different solvents and the introduction of dihydrogen during the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia with [HIPTN 3N]Mo complexes was completed. During a catalytic reaction, the ...
Hanna, Brian S. (Brian Stewart)
Obligate autotrophy in the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea.
Closing report for project DOE-FG02-03ER15436. The project studied obligate autotrophy in the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Nitrosomonas europaea can obtain all of its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and is, therefore, classified as a chemolithotroph. This bacterium is also an autotroph, which can derive all cellular carbon from carbon dioxide. N. europaea seems incapable of growth with other carbon or energy sources. This restricted capability is surprising given that ammonia is a poor energy source. The main goal of the project was to examine the basis of autotrophy in N. europaea or, thought of another way, to determine the barriers to heterotrophy. The approach was enabled by the N. europaea genome sequence, stimulating new ways of thinking about this physiological paradox�an insistence on a single, albeit poor, energy source. Objective 1 was to examine the expression and regulation of the genes coding for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, determine if the enzyme�s activity is present, and determine whether alteration of the expression levels influences autotrophic growth. Although Nitrosomonas europaea lacks measurable alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, the genome sequence revealed the presence of the genes encoding the enzyme. A knockout mutation was created in the sucA gene encoding the E1 subunit. Compared to wild-type cells, the mutant strain showed an accelerated loss of ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activities upon entering stationary phase. In addition, unlike wild-type cells, the mutant strain showed a marked lag in the ability to resume growth in response to pH adjustments in late stationary phase. The results were published in Hommes N.G., Kurth E. G., Sayavedra-Soto L.A., and Arp D.J. (2006) Disruption of sucA, which encodes a subunit of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, affects the survival of Nitrosomonas europaea in stationary phase. Journal of Bacteriology 188:343-347. Objective 2 was to determine the basis of fructose stimulation of growth on ammonia, examine fructose metabolism, and determine the impact of other compounds on growth on ammonia. Previous studies showed that N. europaea can utilize limited amounts of certain organic compounds, including amino acids, pyruvate, and acetate, although no organic compound has been reported to support the growth of N. europaea. The genomic sequence of N. europaea revealed a potential permease for fructose. N. europaea utilized fructose and other compounds as carbon sources to support growth. Cultures were incubated in the presence of fructose or other organic compounds in sealed bottles purged of CO(2). In these cultures, addition of either fructose or pyruvate as the sole carbon source resulted in a two- to threefold increase in optical density and protein content in 3 to 4 days. Studies with [(14)C]fructose showed that >90% of the carbon incorporated by the cells during growth was derived from fructose. Cultures containing mannose, glucose, glycerol, mannitol, citrate, or acetate showed little or no growth. N. europaea was not able to grow with fructose as an energy source, although the presence of fructose did provide an energy benefit to the cells. These results show that N. europaea can be grown in carbon dioxide free medium by using fructose and pyruvate as carbon sources and may now be considered a facultative chemolithoorganotroph. The results were published in Hommes N.G., Sayavedra-Soto L.A. and Arp. D.J. (2003). Chemolithotrophic growth of Nitrosomonas europaea on fructose. Journal of Bacteriology. 185:6809-2773. Objective 3 attempted to grow N. europaea heterotrophically through pathways predicted by the genome. Experiments with mutant strains and complementation studies were performed to test whether N. europaea can utilize other carbon sources. N. europaea was not able to grow heterotrophically in the conditions tested in this objective.
Daniel James Arp; Luis Alberto Sayavedra-Soto
The Fusion Curve of Ammonia and Ethyl Alcohol
� Center for Digital Scholarship. http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Kansas for partial completion of Master of Arts. THE FUSION CURVE OF AMMONIA AND ETHYL ALCOHOL H. J. BRODERSON THE 2?03IOH CUHVB OP... AMMOHIA AND ETHXL ALCOHOL. A part of the requirement for the lh A. 2)egree. By K. J. Brodereon, University of Kangaa, May 1911, THE PUSIOB CURVS OP AliKOHlA AHD ETHYL ALCOHOL* Only within tho last fow ycara has any worlc boon done on tho fusion...
Broderson, H.J.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of New Hydrogen-Rich BH3NH3-Metal...
Storage Properties of New Hydrogen-Rich BH3NH3-Metal Hydride (TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2, andor CaH2) Composite Systems. Hydrogen Storage Properties of New Hydrogen-Rich BH3NH3-Metal...
Futile transmembrane NH4 cycling: A cellular hypothesis to explain ammonium
4 to be preferred by plants, as its assimilation requires less energy than that of NO3 (1), only with intensive agriculture and cultivation of livestock, where high levels of NH3 emission, and subsequent NH4 is exceeded by as much as 10-fold, and damage to forest and agricultural crops alike has been attributed
Inhibition effects of N,N-dimethylalkylamines and octanethiol on iron corrosion in anhydrous acetonitrile solution containing FeCl{sub 3}
Polarization and impedance measurements were carried out on an iron electrode in an anhydrous acetonitrile solution of 0.1 M LiClO{sub 4} and 0.01 M FeCl{sub 3} containing organic corrosion inhibitors. The inhibitors investigated were N,N-dimethylalkylamines C{sub n}H{sub 2n+1}N(CH{sub 3}){sub 2} (C{sub n}DMA, n = 8, 12, 16, and 18) and octanethiol C{sub 8}H{sub 17}SH (C{sub 8}T). These compounds suppressed both cathodic and anodic processes of iron corrosion in the acetonitrile solution. The double-layer capacitances obtained from impedance data for the electrode inhibited with C{sub n}DMA were markedly lower in the potential region of the cathodic polarization curve than those for the uninhibited electrode. Ultraviolet and visible spectra of the FeCl{sub 3} acetonitrile solution containing C{sub n}DMA revealed the formation of a Fe{sup 3+} complex cation with C{sub n}DMA, and joint adsorption of the complex cation with Cl{sup {minus}} on the iron surface was substantiated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the surface treated with the solution. A surface thiolate of C{sub 8}T was formed by its chemisorption on the iron surface, resulting in a decrease in the double-layer capacitance and the cathodic and anodic current densities, respectively.
Aramaki, Kunitsugu; Kikuchi, Takeshi
Proposed replacement and operation of the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride supply and fluidized-bed reactor system at Building 9212. Draft environmental assessment
The US Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to replace the existing anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) supply and fluidized-bed reactor systems for the Weapons Grade Highly Enriched Uranium Chemical Recovery and Recycle Facility, Building 9212, which is Iocated within the Y-12 Plant on DOE`s Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The current AHF supply and fluidized-bed reactor systems were designed and constructed more than 40 years ago. Because of their deteriorating condition, the corrosive nature of the materials processed, and the antiquated design philosophy upon which they are based, their long-term reliability cannot be assured. The current AHF supply system cannot mitigate an accidental release of AHF and vents fugitive AHF directly to the atmosphere during operations. the proposed action would reduce the risk of exposing the Y-12 Plant work force, the public, and the environment to an accidental release of AHF and would ensure the continuing ability of the Y-12 Plant to manufacture highly enriched uranium metal and process uranium from retired weapons for storage.
Proposed replacement and operation of the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride supply and fluidized-bed chemical processing systems at Building 9212, Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The US Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to replace the existing anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) supply and fluidized-bed reactor systems for the Weapons Grade Highly Enriched Uranium Chemical Recovery and Recycle Facility, Building 9212, which is located within the Y-12 Plant on DOE`s Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The proposed replacement system would be based upon modern design criteria and safety analyses. The replacement AHF supply and distribution system equipment would be located on the existing Dock 8/8A at Building 9212. Utilities would be extended to the dock to service the process equipment. The following process equipment modules would be prefabricated for installation at the modified dock: an AHF cylinder enclosure, an AHF supply manifold and vaporizer module, an AHF sump tank and transfer skid, and an AHF supply off-gas scrubber assembly module. The fluidized-bed reactor system would be constructed in an area adjacent to the existing system in Building 9212. The replacement equipment would consist of a new reduction fluidized-bed reactor, a hydrofluorination fluidized-bed reactor, and associated air emission control equipment. The no-action alternative, which is the continued operation of the existing AHF supply and fluidized-bed reactor systems, was also evaluated.
Process and apparatus for ammonia synthesis gas production
An improved process is described for the production of ammonia synthesis gas which consists of: (a) catalytically reacting a hydrocarbon feed stream with steam in a primary reforming unit to form a primary reformed gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (b) passing the primary reformed gas mixture to a secondary reforming unit for reaction of unconverted methane present therein with air, the amount of the air introduced to the secondary reforming unit being considerably in excess of that required to furnish the stoichiometric amount of nitrogen required for reaction with hydrogen for the ammonia synthesis; (c) subjecting the secondary reformed gas mixture to water gas shift conversion to convert most of the carbon monoxide present in the reformed gas mixture to hydrogen and carbon dioxide; (d) passing the thus-shifted gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, residual carbon monoxide, methane, argon and the excess nitrogen, without necessary treatment for removal of a major portion of the carbon dioxide content thereof and without methanation to remove carbon oxides to low levels, to a pressure swing adsorption system capable of selectively adsorbing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and other impurities from the hydrogen and from a portion of the nitrogen present in the gas passed to the system.
Waste Heat Powered Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Unit for LPG Recovery
An emerging DOE-sponsored technology has been deployed. The technology recovers light ends from a catalytic reformer plant using waste heat powered ammonia absorption refrigeration. It is deployed at the 17,000 bpd Bloomfield, New Mexico refinery of Western Refining Company. The technology recovers approximately 50,000 barrels per year of liquefied petroleum gas that was formerly being flared. The elimination of the flare also reduces CO2 emissions by 17,000 tons per year, plus tons per year reductions in NOx, CO, and VOCs. The waste heat is supplied directly to the absorption unit from the Unifiner effluent. The added cooling of that stream relieves a bottleneck formerly present due to restricted availability of cooling water. The 350oF Unifiner effluent is cooled to 260oF. The catalytic reformer vent gas is directly chilled to minus 25oF, and the FCC column overhead reflux is chilled by 25oF glycol. Notwithstanding a substantial cost overrun and schedule slippage, this project can now be considered a success: it is both profitable and highly beneficial to the environment. The capabilities of directly-integrated waste-heat powered ammonia absorption refrigeration and their benefits to the refining industry have been demonstrated.
Donald C, Energy Concepts Co.; Lauber, Eric, Western Refining Co.
Anaerobic digestion for methane generation and ammonia reforming for hydrogen production
,000,000 digesters, 2000 [14]), among other places [15,16]. These digesters operate to generate biogas, comprisingAnaerobic digestion for methane generation and ammonia reforming for hydrogen production Accepted 24 May 2013 Available online Keywords: Anaerobic digestion Ammonia Bioenergy Bioammonia Hydrogen
Ris-R-1504(EN) Safety assessment of ammonia as a
as part of the EU supported project "Ammonia Cracking for Clean Electric Power Technology" The study addresses the following activities: safety of operation of the ammonia-powered vehicle under normal.6 Comparison with methanol-powered vehicles 19 2.7 Comparison with hydrogen-powered vehicles 19 2.8 Comparison
Interaction of far-infrared and mid-infrared laser transitions in the ammonia laser
Mid-infrared laser emission in ammonia is usually observed on a P(J + 2) transition when a CO/sub 2/ laser is used to optically pump a near resonant R(J) absorption feature. However, by generating simultaneous FIR ammonia laser emission in the same optical cavity, mid-infrared emission is obtained exclusively on the P(J) transition.
Nelson, L.Y.; Buchwald, M.I.; Jones, C.R.
Assessment of research and development (R and D) needs in ammonia safety and environmental control
This report characterizes the ammonia industry operations, reviews current knowledge of ammonia release and subsequent impacts, summarizes the status of release prevention and control methods and identify research and development needs for safety and environmental control. Appendices include: accidental spills and human exposure; adiabatic mixing of liquid nitrogen and air; fire and explosion hazards; and environmental impact rating tables. (PSB)
Brenchley, D.L.; Athey, G.F.; Bomelburg, H.J.
Analysis of Ammonia Loss Mechanisms in Microbial Fuel Cells Treating Animal Wastewater
ARTICLE Analysis of Ammonia Loss Mechanisms in Microbial Fuel Cells Treating Animal Wastewater Jung.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/bit.21687 ABSTRACT: Ammonia losses during swine wastewater treatment were examined using manure; electricity; power generation Introduction Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells (MFCs
Sub-lethal ammonia toxicity in largemouth bass C.D. Suski a,,1
. Exposure to 100 M Tamm impaired the ability of largemouth bass to recover from exercise relative to fishSub-lethal ammonia toxicity in largemouth bass C.D. Suski a,,1 , J.D. Kieffer b , S.S. Killen a,2 Available online 24 November 2006 Abstract Guidelines for ammonia toxicity in fish are often determined
Suski, Cory David
Competition for Ammonia Influences the Structure of Chemotrophic1 Communities in Geothermal Springs2
Competition for Ammonia Influences the Structure of Chemotrophic1 Communities in Geothermal Springs in geothermal communities. These observations help to47 explain the strong pattern in the co-distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and diazotrophs in48 circum-neutral to alkaline geothermal springs.49 50
de la Torre, José R.
Investigations of ammonia-secondary fluid systems in supermarket refrigeration systems
International agreements have legislated the phaseout of many refrigerants, including R-502 and R-12, which are commonly used in supermarket refrigeration systems. R-22 and ammonia (R-717) are candidate replacement refrigerants having appropriate thermodynamic properties. The toxicity of ammonia at low concentrations required that it be confined to the equipment room, so a secondary fluid is needed to distribute cooling to the refrigerated cases. This paper investigates ammonia-secondary fluid systems and compares their performance with equivalent R-22 systems. Both R-22 and ammonia have high compressor discharge temperatures, necessitating staged compression. Three methods of staging the compression were compared for both refrigerants. Six secondary fluids were evaluated for use with ammonia in the supermarket system. The overall system performance of the ammonia-secondary fluid refrigeration system, including both compressor and secondary fluid pump power, is governed by a large set of design parameters. The influence of these parameters on the overall system performance was studied in a systematic manner. From this parametric study, design rules leading to optimal ammonia-secondary fluid systems were developed. The performance of well-designed ammonia-secondary fluid systems was found to be 4% to 10% lower than that of R-22 systems operating under similar conditions.
McDowell, T.P. [Thermal Storage Applications Research Center, Madison, WI (United States); Mitchell, J.W.; Klein, S.A. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
On-board ammonia generation and exhaust after treatment system using same
Often NOx selective catalysts that use ammonia to reduce NOx within exhaust to a harmless gas require on-board storage of ammonia which can be hazardous and inconvenient. In order to generate ammonia in exhaust, the present disclosure increases a NOx concentration in exhaust from at least one combustion chamber, at least in part, by injecting fuel in a predetermined increased NOx generation sequence that includes a first injection during non-auto ignition conditions and a second injection during auto ignition conditions. At least a portion of the NOx is converted to ammonia by passing at least a portion of the exhaust with the increased NOx concentration over an ammonia-producing catalyst.
Driscoll, Josh (Dunlap, IL); Robel, Wade J. (Peoria, IL); Brown, Cory A. (Pekin, IL); Urven, Jr., Roger L. (Colona, IL)
Ammonia and urea treatment of wheat straw and corn stover JP Fontenot E Gallo Llorente, JM Obamahinti, VG Allen
by ammoniation directly or by urea treatment, but the improvement appears to be greater for ammonia than urea
Boyer, Edmond
Atmospheric Amines and Ammonia Measured with a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS)
We report ambient measurements of amines and ammonia with a fast response chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in a Southeastern U.S. forest in Alabama and a moderately polluted Midwestern site during the summer. In the Alabama forest, mostly C3-amines (from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 2 ppbv) were detected on a daily basis. C3-amines and ammonia showed similar diurnal trends and temperature and wind direction dependences, and were not associated with transported CO and SO2 plumes. Consistent with temperature dependences, amine and ammonia in the gas and aerosol phases showed opposite diurnal trends, indicating gas-to-particle partitioning of amines and ammonia. Temperature dependences also imply reversible processes of amines and ammonia evaporation from soil surfaces in daytime and deposition of amines and ammonia to soil surfaces at nighttime. Various amines (C1-C6) at the pptv level were observed in the transported biomass burning plumes, showing that biomass burning can be a substantial source of amines in the Southeast U.S. At the moderately polluted Kent site, higher concentrations of amines (C1-C6, from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 6 ppbv) were detected. Diurnal variations of C1- to C3-amines and ammonia were correlated with the ambient temperature. C4- to C6-amines showed abrupt increases during the nighttime, suggesting that they were emitted from local sources. These abundant amines and ammonia may in part explain the frequent new particle formation events reported from Kent. Lower amine concentrations at the rural forested site highlight the importance of constraining anthropogenic sources of amines.
You, Y.; Kanawade, V. P.; de Gouw, J. A.; Guenther, Alex B.; Madronich, Sasha; Sierra-Hernandez, M. R.; Lawler, M.; Smith, James N.; Takahama, S.; Ruggeri, G.; Koss, A.; Olson, K.; Baumann, K.; Weber, R. J.; Nenes, A.; Guo, H.; Edgerton, Eric S.; Porcelli, L.; Brune, W. H.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Lee, S.-H
Hydrogen Storage Properties of New Hydrogen-Rich BH3NH3-Metal Hydride (TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2, and/or CaH2) Composite Systems
Ammonia borane (AB = NH3BH3) is one of the most attractive materials for chemical hydrogen storage due to its high hydrogen contents of 19.6 wt.%, however, impurity levels of borazine, ammonia and diborane in conjunction with foaming and exothermic hydrogen release calls for finding ways to mitigate the decomposition reactions. In this paper we present a solution by mixing AB with metal hydrides (TiH2, ZrH2, MgH2 and CaH2) which have endothermic hydrogen release in order to control the heat release and impurity levels from AB upon decomposition. The composite materials were prepared by mechanical ball milling, and their H2 release properties were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation of volatile products from decomposition side reactions, such as borazine (N3B3H6) was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Sieverts type pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) gas-solid reaction instrument was adopted to observe the kinetics of the H2 release reactions of the combined systems and neat AB. In situ 11B MAS-NMR revealed a destabilized decomposition pathway. We found that by adding specific metal hydrides to AB we can eliminate the impurities and mitigate the heat release.
Choi, Young Joon; Xu, Yimin; Shaw, Wendy J.; Ronnebro, Ewa
Experimental and theoretical studies of reactions of neutral vanadium and tantalum oxide clusters with NO and NH3
molecules on the respective clusters. A gas mixture of NO:NH3 9:1 is also added into the fast flow reactor oxide clusters with NO, NH3, and an NO/NH3 mixture in a fast flow reactor are investigated by time, a complete elucidation of the reaction mechanism has not been achieved, and very few, if any, gas phase
Rocca, Jorge J.
Studies of the Ammonia-soluble Organic Matter of the Soil.
to represent the - decomposed organic matter of the soil, and, therefore, if the theory cited above is correct, the more valuable organic matter. The.relation between the hvo forms of organic matter is largely a matter of color; while the ammonia does nct... oxtract all the organic matter from the soil, it does extract prad,ically all the black organic matter, leaving the soil residue near]? white. The organic matter of the soil soluble in ammonia is termed humus in America. The fact that the ammonia...
Fraps, G. S. (George Stronach); Hamner, N.C.
Gasoline Emissions Control: NH 3 generation over commercial Three-Way Catalysts and Lean-NOx Traps Todd J. Toops, James E. Parks II and Josh A. Pihl Oak Ridge National Laboratory...
Breath gating of cardiac PET using 13N-NH3: An optimization
was carried out using 13 N-NH3 on two dierent PET/CT scanners: a Siemens Biograph 64 and a Siemens mCT PET. In this project the breath-motion was estimated using an ane transformation on the obtained images, from which- jekt er udført ved brug af 13 N-NH3 på to skannere, henholdsvis en Siemens Biograph 64 og en Siemens m
Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia over Fe{sup 3+}-exchanged TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay catalysts
Fe-exchanged TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay (PILC) catalysts were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO{sub x} by ammonia. They were also characterized for surface area, pore size distribution, and by XRD, H{sub 2}-TPR, and FT-IR methods. The Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalysts showed high activities in the reduction of NO{sub x} by NH{sub 3} in the presence of excess oxygen. SO{sub 2} further increased the catalytic activities at above 350 C, whereas H{sub 2}O decreased the activity slightly. The catalysts were about twice as active as commercial-type V{sub 2}O{sub 5}-WO{sub 3}/TiO{sub 2} catalyst in the presence of H{sub 2}O and SO{sub 2}. Moreover, compared to the commercial catalyst, the Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalysts had higher N{sub 2}/N{sub 2}O product selectivities (e.g., 0--1% vs 9% N{sub 2}O at 400 C) and substantially lower activities (by 74--88%) for SO{sub 2} oxidation to SO{sub 3} under the same reaction conditions. The activity was further increased to over three times that of the vanadia-based catalyst when Ce was added. The high activity and low N{sub 2}O selectivity for the Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalysts were attributed to their low activity in the oxidation of ammonia, as compared with vanadia catalysts. XRD patterns of Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC were similar to those of TiO{sub 2}-PILC, showing no peaks due to iron oxide, even when the iron content reached 20.1%. The TPR results indicated that iron in the Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalysts with lower iron contents existed in the form of isolated Fe{sup 3+} ions. The activities of Fe-TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalysts were consistent with their surface acidities, which were identified by FT-IR of the NH{sub 3}-adsorbed samples. The enhancement of activities by H{sub 2}O + SO{sub 2} was attributed to the increase of surface acidity resulting from the formation of surface sulfate species of iron.
Long, R.Q.; Yang, R.T. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering] [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Hydrogen production from the reaction of solvated electrons with benzene in water-ammonia mixtures
Product analysis data for the reaction of the ammoniated electron with benzene-water mixtures in liquid ammonia show that the dominant product is evolved hydrogen and not 1,4-cyclohexadiene.
Dewald, R.R.; Jones, S.R.; Schwartz, B.S.
Removal of ammonia from contaminated air in a biotrickling filter Denitrifying bioreactor combination system
rights reserved. 1. Introduction Ammonia emissions are very common in operations such as composting to conventional treatment which has been shown to be efficient and cost effective in a number of cases (Devinny et
Process for removal of ammonia and acid gases from contaminated waters
Contaminating basic gases, i.e., ammonia and acid gases, e.g., carbon dioxide, are removed from process waters or waste waters in a combined extraction and stripping process. Ammonia in the form of ammonium ion is extracted by an immiscible organic phase comprising a liquid cation exchange component, especially an organic phosphoric acid derivative, and preferably di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid, dissolved in an alkyl hydrocarbon, aryl hydrocarbon, higher alcohol, oxygenated hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, and mixtures thereof. Concurrently, the acidic gaseous contaminants are stripped from the process or waste waters by stripping with stream, air, nitrogen, or the like. The liquid cation exchange component has the ammonia stripped therefrom by heating, and the component may be recycled to extract additional amounts of ammonia.
King, C.J.; Mackenzie, P.D.
Contaminating basic gases, i.e., ammonia, and acid gases, e.g., carbon dioxide, are removed from process waters or waste waters in a combined extraction and stripping process. Ammonia in the form of ammonium ion is extracted by an immiscible organic phase comprising a liquid cation exchange component, especially an organic phosphoric acid derivative, and preferably di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid, dissolved in an alkyl hydrocarbon, aryl hydrocarbon, higher alcohol, oxygenated hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, and mixtures thereof. Concurrently, the acidic gaseous contaminants are stripped from the process or waste waters by stripping with steam, air, nitrogen, or the like. The liquid cation exchange component has the ammonia stripped therefrom by heating, and the component may be recycled to extract additional amounts of ammonia.
King, C. Judson (Kensington, CA); MacKenzie, Patricia D. (Berkeley, CA)
Robust Nitrogen Oxide/Ammonia Sensors for Vehicle On-board Emissions...
ace079mukundan2012o.pdf More Documents & Publications Robust Nitrogen OxideAmmonia Sensors for Vehicle On-board Emissions Control Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014:...
2014: Robust Nitrogen oxideAmmonia Sensors for Vehicle on-board Emissions Control CumminsORNL-FEERC CRADA: NOx Control & Measurement Technology for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines...
E-Print Network 3.0 - agricultural ammonia emission Sample Search...
Division Ir Lid., 1998 Summary: THE ALLOWABLE AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DISCHARGE TO ENSURE PROTECl'ION OF AQUATIC... Box4395QQ.Melbourne VA3(XX)...
Ammonia Sensors Based on Doped-Sol-Gel-Tipped Optical Fibers...
Sensors Based on Doped-Sol-Gel-Tipped Optical Fibers for Catalyst System Diagnostics Ammonia Sensors Based on Doped-Sol-Gel-Tipped Optical Fibers for Catalyst System Diagnostics...
Liquid composition having ammonia borane and decomposing to form hydrogen and liquid reaction product
Liquid compositions of ammonia borane and a suitably chosen amine borane material were prepared and subjected to conditions suitable for their thermal decomposition in a closed system that resulted in hydrogen and a liquid reaction product.
Davis, Benjamin L; Rekken, Brian D
Effects of lysine nutrition on production characteristics and ammonia excretion of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus
satiation twice daily for 6 weeks after which total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion at 4-h postprandial was determined. Diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids supported similar weight gain (94 - 98%) as that obtained by fish fed control diets...
Webb, Kenneth Ashley
Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P.: Ammonia Plant Greatly Reduces Natural...
Terra Nitrogen Company saved 497,000 MMBtu and 3.5 million yearly after upgrading the steam system in its ammonia plant in Verdigris, Oklahoma. Terra Nitrogen Company, L.P.:...
Bioassimilation versus nitrification for the removal of ammonia in aquaculture biofilters
not receive an organic load, the glucose-loaded biofilters tended to accumulate more biomass. However, that the difference in the fraction of ammonia converted to biomass was non-significant indicates that a third process, heterotrophic nitrification-denitrification...
Kamps, Ray Herbert
Work completed in this reporting period focused on finalization of the Work and Management Plan, sample acquisition and analysis, evaluation of ammonia measurement methods, and measurement of ammonia loss from mortar. All fly ash samples have been acquired and analyzed for chemical composition and particle fineness. Three non-ammoniated fly ash samples were obtained from power plants that do not inject ammonia for NOx or particulate control, while three ammoniated fly ashes originate from plants that inject ammonia into the flue gas. The fly ash sources were selected based on their marketability as concrete admixtures and ammonia content. Coarse and fine aggregates for mortar and concrete testing have also been secured and have been thoroughly characterized using ASTM methods. Methodologies for the measurement of ammonia in the gaseous and aqueous phase have been carefully considered in the context of their suitability for use in this project. These include ammonia detection tubes, carbon impregnated with sulfuric acid (CISA) tubes, titration, and electrochemical methods. It was concluded that each of these methods is potentially useful for different aspects of the project, depending on the phase and concentration of ammonia to be measured. Preparation of fly ash-containing mortars both with and without ammonia indicated that the ammonia has no significant influence on compressive strength. Finally, measurement of ammonia loss from mortar has begun and the results of several of these experiments are included herein. It has been found that, under the laboratory curing conditions devised, ammonia release from mortar occurs at a relatively rapid rate in the first 24 hours, proceeded by a much slower, essentially linear rate. Furthermore, at the end of the three-week experiments, it was calculated that greater than 80% of the initial ammonia concentration remained within the mortar.
Development of an ammonia emission protocol and preliminary emission factor for a central Texas dairy
dairies. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), the Texas SAPRA, does not currently use an emission factor to permit or regulate emitted ammonia for the dairy industry. ________________________ This thesis follows the style..., and is subject to gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl (-OH) radicals, reaction with gaseous nitric acid (to form particulate ammonium nitrate), and with aerosols to form ammonium salts (Singh et al., 2001). Ammonia that does not react...
Rose, Adam Joseph
Simulation and performance analysis of basic GAX and advanced GAX cycles with ammonia/water and ammonia/water/LiBr absorption fluids
The generator-absorber heat exchange (GAX) and branched GAX cycles are generally considered with NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O as their working fluid. The potential consequences of using a ternary mixture of NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O/LiBr (advanced fluids) in the GAX and Branched GAX (advanced cycles) are discussed in this study. A modular steady state absorption simulation model(ABSIM) was used to investigate the potential of combining the above advanced cycles with the advanced fluids. ABSIM is capable of modeling varying cycle configurations with different working fluids. Performance parameters of the cycles, including coefficient of performance (COP) and heat duties, were investigated as functions of different operating parameters in the cooling mode for both the NH {sub 3}/H{sub 2}O binary and the NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O/LiBr ternary mixtures. High performance potential of GAX and branched GAX cycles using the NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O/LiBr ternary fluid mixture was achieved especially at the high range of firing temperatures exceeding 400{degrees}F. The cooling COP`s have been improved by approximately 21% over the COP achieved with the NH{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O binary mixtures. These results show the potential of using advanced cycles with advanced fluid mixtures (ternary or quaternary fluid mixtures).
Zaltash, A.; Grossman, G.
Nitridation under ammonia of high surface area vanadium aerogels
Vanadium pentoxide gels have been obtained from decavanadic acid prepared by ion exchange on a resin from ammonium metavanadate solution. The progressive removal of water by solvent exchange in supercritical conditions led to the formation of high surface area V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, 1.6H{sub 2}O aerogels. Heat treatment under ammonia has been performed on these aerogels in the 450-900 deg. C temperature range. The oxide precursors and oxynitrides have been characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, BET. Nitridation leads to divided oxynitride powders in which the fibrous structure of the aerogel is maintained. The use of both very low heating rates and high surface area aerogel precursors allows a higher rate and a lower threshold of nitridation than those reported in previous works. By adjusting the nitridation temperature, it has been possible to prepare oxynitrides with various nitrogen enrichment and vanadium valency states. Whatever the V(O,N) composition, the oxidation of the oxynitrides in air starts between 250 and 300 deg. C. This determines their potential use as chemical gas sensors at a maximum working temperature of 250 deg. C.
Merdrignac-Conanec, Odile [Laboratoire Verres et Ceramiques, UMR CNRS 6512, Institut de Chimie de Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex (France)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; El Badraoui, Khadija [Laboratoire Verres et Ceramiques, UMR CNRS 6512, Institut de Chimie de Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex (France); L'Haridon, Paul [Laboratoire Verres et Ceramiques, UMR CNRS 6512, Institut de Chimie de Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Multi-component removal in flue gas by aqua ammonia
A new method for the removal of environmental compounds from gaseous streams, in particular, flue gas streams. The new method involves first oxidizing some or all of the acid anhydrides contained in the gas stream such as sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) and nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) to sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2). The gas stream is subsequently treated with aqua ammonia or ammonium hydroxide which captures the compounds via chemical absorption through acid-base or neutralization reactions. The products of the reactions can be collected as slurries, dewatered, and dried for use as fertilizers, or once the slurries have been dewatered, used directly as fertilizers. The ammonium hydroxide can be regenerated and recycled for use via thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate, one of the products formed. There are alternative embodiments which entail stoichiometric scrubbing of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides with subsequent separate scrubbing of carbon dioxide.
Yeh, James T. (Bethel Park, PA); Pennline, Henry W. (Bethel Park, PA)
Thermal Durability of Cu-CHA NH3-SCR Catalysts for Diesel NOx Reduction
Multiple catalytic functions (NOx conversion, NO and NH3 oxidation, NH3 storage) of a commercial Cu-zeolite urea/NH3-SCR catalyst were assessed in a laboratory fixed-bed flow reactor system after differing degrees of hydrothermal aging. Catalysts were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) / energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy to develop an understanding of the degradation mechanisms during catalyst aging. The catalytic reaction measurements of laboratory-aged catalysts were performed, which allows us to obtain a universal curve for predicting the degree of catalyst performance deterioration as a function of time at each aging temperature. Results show that as the aging temperature becomes higher, the zeolite structure collapses in a shorter period of time after an induction period. The decrease in SCR performance was explained by zeolite structure destruction and/or Cu agglomeration, as detected by XRD/27Al NMR and by TEM/EDX, respectively. Destruction of the zeolite structure and agglomeration of the active phase also results in a decrease in the NO/NH3 oxidation activity and the NH3 storage capacity of the catalyst. Selected laboratory aging conditions (16 h at 800oC) compare well with a 135,000 mile vehicle-aged catalyst for both performance and characterization criteria.
Schmieg, Steven J.; Oh, Se H.; Kim, Chang H.; Brown, David B.; Lee, Jong H.; Peden, Charles HF; Kim, Do Heui
A Review & Assessment of Current Operating Conditions Allowable Stresses in ASME Section III Subsection NH
The current operating condition allowable stresses provided in ASME Section III, Subsection NH were reviewed for consistency with the criteria used to establish the stress allowables and with the allowable stresses provided in ASME Section II, Part D. It was found that the S{sub o} values in ASME III-NH were consistent with the S values in ASME IID for the five materials of interest. However, it was found that 0.80 S{sub r} was less than S{sub o} for some temperatures for four of the materials. Only values for alloy 800H appeared to be consistent with the criteria on which S{sub o} values are established. With the intent of undertaking a more detailed evaluation of issues related to the allowable stresses in ASME III-NH, the availabilities of databases for the five materials were reviewed and augmented databases were assembled.
R. W. Swindeman
Sludge processors have wide choice of solutions for waste ammonia problems
The Ocean Dumping Act of 1988 phased out dumping of sewage sludge into the ocean. To use sewage sludge beneficially, facilities treat and process it using such techniques as digestion, dewatering, composting, thermal drying and chemical stabilization. All of these processes create waste discharges containing high concentrations of nitrogen, mainly in the form of ammonia. When nitrification occurs in receiving waters, ammonia is oxidized to nitrate and can lower dissolved oxygen levels in the water. Excess ammonia also is toxic to fish and other aquatic life. Nitrogen reduction alternatives for sludge dewatering and processing waste discharges include the following: air stripping; steam stripping; breakpoint chlorination; selective ion exchange; reverse osmosis; and chemical precipitation. To remove wastewater nitrogen using biological processes, ammonia and organic nitrogen first are oxidized aerobically (nitrification) to nitrate nitrogen, which then is converted biologically to nitrogen gas (denitrification) under zero or low dissolved oxygen (anoxic) conditions. Because sludge treatment discharges contain valuable quantities of ammonia, they may be considered for reuse as supplemental fertilizer for land application or for reclamation through spraying or injection into soil. Such discharges also may be used in combustion processes.
Chen, Y.S.R.; Samela, D. (Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, MA (United States). Environmental Technology and Services Div.); Kaylor, F.
High-power terahertz optically pumped NH{sub 3} laser for plasma diagnostics
The parameter of a terahertz (THz) laser intended for plasma diagnostics in electrodynamic accelerators and tokamaks with a strong magnetic field are discussed. Generation of THz radiation in an ammonia laser under the action of high-power pulsed optical pumping by the radiation of a 10P(32) CO{sub 2} laser is simulated numerically. The main characteristics of the output radiation, such as its spectrum, peak intensity, time dependence, and total energy, are calculated.
Mishchenko, V. A.; Petrushevich, Yu. V.; Sobolenko, D. N.; Starostin, A. N. [Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research (Russian Federation)
Two novel regenerated solvent extraction processes are examined. The first process has the potential to reduce the energy costs inherent in the recovery of low-volatility carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. The second process has the potential for reducing the energy costs required for separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases (e.g. CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S) from industrial sour waters. The recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution can be achieved by extraction with tertiary amines. An approach for regeneration and product recovery from such extracts is to back-extract the carboxylic acid with a water-soluble, volatile tertiary amine, such as trimethylamine. The resulting trimethylammonium carboxylate solution can be concentrated and thermally decomposed, yielding the product acid and the volatile amine for recycle. Experimental work was performed with lactic acid, SUCCiOlC acid, and fumaric acid. Equilibrium data show near-stoichiometric recovery of the carboxylic acids from an organic solution of Alamine 336 into aqueous solutions of trimethylamine. For fumaric and succinic acids, partial evaporation of the aqueous back extract decomposes the carboxylate and yields the acid product in crystalline form. The decomposition of aqueous solutions of trimethylammonium lactates was not carried out to completion, due to the high water solubility of lactic acid and the tendency of the acid to self-associate. The separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases from sour waters can be achieved by combining steam-stripping of the acid gases with simultaneous removal of ammonia by extraction with a liquid cation exchanger. The use of di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid as the liquid cation exchanger is explored in this work. Batch extraction experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium distribution ratio of ammonia between an aqueous buffer solution and an organic solution of the phosphinic acid (0.2N) in Norpar 12. The concentration-based distribution ratios increase from 0.11 to 0.46 as the aqueous phase pH increases from 7.18 to 8.15. Regeneration of the organic extractant solution was carried out by stripping at elevated temperatures to remove the ammonia, with 99% recovery of the ammonia being obtained at 125 C.
Poole, L.J.; King, C.J.
Heat transfer in the plate heat exchanger of an ammonia-synthesis column
The planning and construction of high-capacity synthetic ammonia plants requires the development and fabrication of unique, high unit-power equipment with high technical and economic characteristics. In foreign and domestic practice, tubular heat exchangers with relatively low heat-transfer coefficients are used. Plate heat exchangers are a promising alternative. They are compact and have a high heat energy efficiency and a relatively small metal content. To make an experimental check of the operating capability of a plate heat exchanger under ammonia production conditions, a welded plate heat exchanger was designed for an ammonia synthesis column 800mm in diameter. On prolonged testing (four years), the device provided an autothermal operating mode in the column and the heat transfer coefficient was practically constant for fixed space velocities. Consequently, the heat exchange surface was not contaminated significantly with catalyst dust, confirmed by visual observation of the heat exchanger after disassembly.
Obolentsev, Y.G.; Chus', M.S.; Norobchanskii, O.A.; Teplitshi, Y.S.; Tovazhnyanskii, L.L.
Use of ammonia to reduce the viscosity of bottoms streams produced in hydroconversion processes
Coal, petroleum residuum and similar carbonaceous feed materials are subjected to hydroconversion in the presence of molecular hydrogen to produce a hydroconversion effluent which is then subjected to one or more separation steps to remove lower molecular weight liquids and produce a heavy bottoms stream containing high molecular weight liquids and unconverted carbonaceous material. The viscosity of the bottoms streams produced in the separation step or steps is prevented from increasing rapidly by treating the feed to the separation step or steps with ammonia gas prior to or during the separation step or steps. The viscosity of the heavy bottoms stream produced in the final separation step is also controlled by treating these bottoms with ammonia gas. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the effluent from the hydroconversion reactor is subjected to an atmospheric distillation followed by a vacuum distillation and the feeds to these distillations are contacted with ammonia during the distillations.
Zaczepinski, Sioma (Houston, TX); Billimoria, Rustom M. (Houston, TX); Tao, Frank (Baytown, TX); Lington, Christopher G. (Houston, TX); Plumlee, Karl W. (Baytown, TX)
Coupled-surface investigation of the photodissociation of NH{sub 3}(A-tilde): Effect of exciting the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes
Using previously developed potential energy surfaces and their couplings, non-Born-Oppenheimer trajectory methods are used to study the state-selected photodissociation of ammonia, prepared with up to six quanta of vibrational excitation in the symmetric ({nu}{sub 1}) or antisymmetric ({nu}{sub 3}) stretching modes of NH{sub 3}(A-tilde). The predicted dynamics is mainly electronically nonadiabatic (that is, it produces ground electronic state amino radicals). The small probability of forming the excited-state amino radical is found, for low excitations, to increase with total energy and to be independent of whether the symmetric or antisymmetric stretch is excited; however some selectivity with respect to exciting the antisymmetric stretch is found when more than one quantum of excitation is added to the stretches, and more than 50% of the amino radical are found to be electronically excited when six quanta are placed in the antisymmetric stretch. These results are in contrast to the mechanism inferred in recent experimental work, where excitation of the antisymmetric stretch by a single quantum was found to produce significant amounts of excited-state products via adiabatic dissociation at total energies of about 7.0 eV. Both theory and experiment predict a broad range of translational energies for the departing H atoms when the symmetric stretch is excited, but the present simulations do not reproduce the experimental translational energy profiles when the antisymmetric stretch is excited. The sensitivity of the predicted results to several aspects of the calculation is considered in detail, and the analysis leads to insight into the nature of the dynamics that is responsible for mode selectivity.
Bonhommeau, David; Valero, Rosendo; Truhlar, Donald G. [Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431 (United States); Jasper, Ahren W. [Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969 (United States)
Synthesis and Characterization of Th2N2(NH) Isomorphous to Th2N3
Using a new, low-temperature, fluoride-based process, thorium nitride imide of the chemical formula Th{sub 2}N{sub 2}(NH) was synthesized from thorium dioxide via an ammonium thorium fluoride intermediate. The resulting product phase was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and was found to be crystallographically similar to Th{sub 2}N{sub 3}. Its unit cell was hexagonal with a space group of P3m{bar 1} and lattice parameters of a = b = 3.886(1) and c = 6.185(2) {angstrom}. The presence of -NH in the nitride phase was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Total energy calculations performed using all-electron scalar relativistic density functional theory (DFT) showed that the hydrogen atom in the Th{sub 2}N{sub 2}(NH) prefers to bond with nitrogen atoms occupying 1a Wyckoff positions of the unit cell. Lattice fringe disruptions observed in nanoparticle areas of the nitride species by high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) images also displayed some evidence for the presence of -NH group. As ThO{sub 2} was identified as an impurity, possible reaction mechanisms involving its formation are discussed.
Silva, G W Chinthaka M [ORNL; Yeamans, Charles B. [University of California, Berkeley; Hunn, John D [ORNL; Sattelberger, Alfred P [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Czerwinski, Ken R. [University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Weck, Dr. Phil F [University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Vol. 92 Concord, NH, Wednesday, November 6, 2013 No. 37 Weekly Market Bulletin
to recruit new members and future customers for the full-service cooperative grocery store the group plans sustainability. The cooperative- ly owned business "strives to serve the North Country of New HampshireVol. 92 Concord, NH, Wednesday, November 6, 2013 No. 37 Weekly Market Bulletin State of New
On-Board Measurement of Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Using Feedback...
Resonance and Low Pressure Sampling A first set of results has found that LASAR and VLPS data in the laboratory closely correlate with real-time, in-use measurement of NH3 and NO...
Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen transformations in high pH soils used for beef manure disposal
. The total nitrogen losses in the limed treatments were believed to be caused by the high solubility of organic matter in high pH solutions followed by chemical volatilization of nitrogen as ammonia. Most of this ammonia was believed to have remained... as par t of the soil air and was lost when the soil samples were taken from the columns. Denitrification was believed to be responsible for losses in the unlimed treatments. Comparison of final organic and total inorganic nitrogen concen- trationss...
Peters, Robert Edgar
Adsorption of water and ammonia on TiO2-anatase cluster models Isik Onal a,*, Sezen Soyer a
to the surface properties and the adsorption reactions of titanium dioxide-anatase surface. Lin and Bai [3 reserved. Keywords: TiO2; Anatase; Adsorption; Water; Ammonia; DFT 1. Introduction Titanium oxides are usedAdsorption of water and ammonia on TiO2-anatase cluster models Isik Onal a,*, Sezen Soyer a , Selim
Senkan, Selim M.
Work completed in this reporting period focused on the measurement of the rate of ammonia loss from mortar and concrete, and the measurement of ammonia gas in the air above the materials immediately after placement. The majority of mortar experiments have been completed, and testing has begun on concrete. The mortar experiments indicate that the rate of ammonia loss is greater in mortars prepared using a higher water content and water:cement (W:C) ratio, although the higher rate is primarily observed within the first 2 days, after which the loss rates are nearly the same. The source of low-calcium (Class F) fly ash exerted a negligible influence on the loss rate. However, mortar prepared using a higher-calcium fly ash evolved ammonia at a slightly slower rate than the Class F ash mortars. The data also indicate that an increase in ventilation increases the ammonia loss rate from mortar, and suggest that a well-ventilated space could substantially increase the loss of ammonia from mortar and, by inference, a concrete slab. Analysis of ammonia concentrations in the air above freshly-placed mortars in an enclosed space indicate that the fly ash ammonia concentration should not exceed 100 mg N/kg ash in confined space applications. For most other applications with some ventilation the maximum acceptable concentration would be approximately 200 mg/kg. Early results from experiments on concrete suggest that, under similar conditions, ammonia diffusion from concrete occurs at a higher rate than in mortar. In addition, increasing the slump of concrete through the use of chemical admixtures has only a minor effect on the ammonia loss rate.
2(OC(NH 2 )2)5](N0 3 )2 by Allan Zalkin*, Helena Ruben andU0 2 (OC(NH 2)2)5](N0 3)2 by Allan Zalkin, Hel~na Ruben and
Zalkin, Allan
Ammonia as an Alternative Energy Storage Medium for Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Scientific and Technical Review for Near-Term Stationary Power Demonstration Projects, Final Report
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTC) Applications, William Kumm, Arctic Energies, Ltd,� Ammonia - The Key to US Energy Independence Conference
Lipman, Tim; Shah, Nihar
6 Autothermal Reforming ofHacker and Kordesch, 2003 Autothermal ammonia decompositionenergy needed for their autothermal reformer and also
Lng Môi Trng(CEQ) v vic thc hin Chính Sách Lut Môi Trng Quc Gia (NEPA) cng hng dn các t chc nghiên cu hp lý nu áp ng c mc tiêu và yêu cu ra, khôi phc hoc làm tng cht lng môi trng nhân sinh, và phòng tránh hoc gim thiu các hiu ng tiêu cc t hành ng ca các t chc ti cht lng môi trng nhân sinh (40 C
Measurement of Ammonia Emissions from Laying Hen Houses , Y. Liang2
Measurement of Ammonia Emissions from Laying Hen Houses H. Xin1 , Y. Liang2 , R.S. Gates3 , E. F 6802 BACKGROUND There is a pressing need for research-based data on aerial emissions (gases, odors the U.S. production conditions (National Academy of Science, 2002). The term emission contains two
Remote Sensing of Ammonia and Sulfur Dioxide from On-Road Light
) or directly through adsorbed nitrogen and hydrogen atoms (11, 12). Ammonia emissions from tunnel studies have mea- surements than all other data combined. Sulfur compounds in gasoline combust in the engine to help facilitate the stringent 2007 diesel engine emission requirements. These reductions
Denver, University of
AN AMMONIA-WATER ABSORPTION-HIAT-PUMP CYCLE Donald Kuhlenschmidt, Member ASHRAE
,000 Btuh) input unit reported. KLY WORDS Absorption Heat-pump Air conditioning heating Ammonia Donald conditioning chillers. The authors are involved in a project to use this cycle in an air source heat pump the cycle, comment on the design differences compared to the air conditioning application and report
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Measurement and Analysis of the Relationship between Ammonia, Acid Gases, and Fine Particles in Eastern North
).24 Gas-to-particle conversion can be accomplished by condensation, which adds mass onto preMeasurement and Analysis of the Relationship between Ammonia, Acid Gases, and Fine Particles acid gas con- centrations of 0.23 g/m3 hydrochloric acid (standard deviation [SD] 0.2 g/m3 ); 1.14 g/m3
Aneja, Viney P.
MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS AT WASTE TREATMENT LAGOON-ATMOSPHERIC INTERFACE animals ( 32 Tg N -1yr-1). Waste storage and treatment lagoons are used to treat the excreta of hogs waste storage and treatment lagoon in NC using a dynamic emission flux chamber. Results of model
Competition for Ammonia Influences the Structure of Chemotrophic Communities in Geothermal Springs
Competition for Ammonia Influences the Structure of Chemotrophic Communities in Geothermal Springs of organisms capable of ni- trogen fixation in geothermal communities. These observations help to explain-to-alkaline geothermal springs. All life requires fixed sources of nitrogen (N), and its availabil- ity often limits
Ahmad, Sajjad
NO ICE HYDROGENATION: A SOLID PATHWAY TO NH{sub 2}OH FORMATION IN SPACE
Icy dust grains in space act as catalytic surfaces onto which complex molecules form. These molecules are synthesized through exothermic reactions from precursor radicals and, mostly, hydrogen atom additions. Among the resulting products are species of biological relevance, such as hydroxylamine-NH{sub 2}OH-a precursor molecule in the formation of amino acids. In this Letter, laboratory experiments are described that demonstrate NH{sub 2}OH formation in interstellar ice analogs for astronomically relevant temperatures via successive hydrogenation reactions of solid nitric oxide (NO). Inclusion of the experimental results in an astrochemical gas-grain model proves the importance of a solid-state NO+H reaction channel as a starting point for prebiotic species in dark interstellar clouds and adds a new perspective to the way molecules of biological importance may form in space.
Congiu, Emanuele; Dulieu, Francois; Chaabouni, Henda; Baouche, Saoud; Lemaire, Jean Louis [LERMA-LAMAp, Universite de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, ENS, UPMC, UMR 8112 du CNRS, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy Pontoise Cedex (France); Fedoseev, Gleb; Ioppolo, Sergio; Lamberts, Thanja; Linnartz, Harold [Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands); Laffon, Carine; Parent, Philippe [Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Matiere et Rayonnement, Universite Pierre-et-Marie Curie (Paris 06) and CNRS (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75231 Paris (France); Cuppen, Herma M., E-mail: email@example.com [Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, IMM, P.O. Box 9010, NL 6500 GL Nijmegen (Netherlands)
Planetary fluids He and NH/sub 3/ at high shock pressures and temperatures
Liquid He at 4.3 K and 1 atm was shocked to 16 GPa (160 kbar) and 12,000 K and double-shocked to 56 GPa and 21,000 K. Liquid perturbation theory was used to determine an effective interatomic potential from which the equation of state of He can be obtained over a wide range of densities and temperatures in the envelopes of the outer planets. A new fast optical pyrometer and a cryogenic specimen holder for liquid NH/sub 3/ were developed to measure shock temperatures of 4400 and 3600 K at pressures of 59 and 48 GPa. These conditions correspond to those in the ice layers in Uranus and Neptune. The shock temperature data are in reasonable agreement with an equation of state by Ree based on an intermolecular potential derived from NH/sub 3/ Hugoniot data.
Nellis, W.J.; Radousky, H.B.; Mitchell, A.C.; Holmes, N.C.; Ross, M.; Young, D.A.
Ocean thermal plantships for production of ammonia as the hydrogen carrier.
Conventional petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the primary sources of energy that have underpinned modern civilization. Their continued availability in the projected quantities required and the impacts of emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the environment are issues at the forefront of world concerns. New primary sources of energy are being sought that would significantly reduce the emissions of GHGs. One such primary source that can help supply energy, water, and fertilizer without GHG emissions is available in the heretofore unexploited thermal gradients of the tropical oceans. The world's oceans are the largest natural collector and reservoir of solar energy. The potential of ocean energy is limitless for producing base-load electric power or ammonia as the hydrogen carrier and fresh water from seawater. However, until now, ocean energy has been virtually untapped. The general perception is that ocean thermal energy is limited to tropical countries. Therefore, the full potential of at-sea production of (1) ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and (2) desalinated water has not been adequately evaluated. Using ocean thermal plantships for the at-sea co-production of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and desalinated water offer potential energy, environmental, and economic benefits that support the development of the technology. The introduction of a new widespread solution to our projected energy supply requires lead times of a decade or more. Although continuation of the ocean thermal program from the 1970s would likely have put us in a mitigating position in the early 2000s, we still have a window of opportunity to dedicate some of our conventional energy sources to the development of this renewable energy by the time new sources would be critically needed. The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the technical and economic viability of ocean thermal plantships for the production of ammonia as the hydrogen carrier. This objective is achieved by completing project tasks that consist of updating the John Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) pilot plantship design and extrapolating it to commercial plantships, evaluating a new energy-efficient ammonia synthesis process, evaluating the co-production of desalinated water on plantships, and developing a conceptual design of a satellite plantships system for commercial-scale ammonia production. In addition, an industrial workshop was organized to present the results and develop future goals for commercialization of ocean thermal plantships by 2015. The following goals, arranged in chronological order, were examined at the workshop: (1) Global displacement of petroleum-fuel-based (diesel, fuel oil, naphtha) power generation for freeing up these fuels for transportation, chemical feedstock, and other high-valued uses; (2) At-sea production of desalinated water for regions of critical water shortages; (3) Displacement of carbon-based feed stocks and energy for production of ammonia fertilizers; (4) Development of hydrogen supply to allow economic processing of heavy crude oils and upgrading oil sands; (5) Development of ammonia-fueled distributed energy to displace natural-gas fueled power generation to free up natural gas for higher-value uses and the mitigation of issues associated with imported liquefied natural gas (LNG); and (6) Use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for transportation.
Panchal, C.B.; Pandolfini, P. P.; Kumm, W. H.; Energy Systems; Johns Hopkins Univ.; Arctic Energies, Ltd.
Presented in Conway, Lee, Merrimack and Plymouth, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program ArcGIS Workshops Spring 2013
, as well as, conduct geospatial analysis. Participants will learn to: symbolize GIS data; add labelsPresented in Conway, Lee, Merrimack and Plymouth, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program Arc
Presented in Concord, Merrimack and West Lebanon, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program ArcGIS Workshops Fall 2012
, as well as, conduct geospatial analysis. Participants will learn to: symbolize GIS data; add labelsPresented in Concord, Merrimack and West Lebanon, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program Arc
Presented in Lee and Concord, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program ArcGIS Workshops Winter 2013
.1 to produce effective maps, edit and create GIS data, as well as, conduct geospatial analysis. ParticipantsPresented in Lee and Concord, NH by the UNHCE Geospatial Outreach Program ArcGIS Workshops Winter
Geochemical and Geophysical Changes during Ammonia Gas Treatment of Vadose Zone Sediments for Uranium Remediation
NH3 gas treatment of low water content sediments resulted in a significant decrease in aqueous and adsorbed uranium, which is attributed to incorporation into precipitates. Uranium associated with carbonates showed little change. Uranium associated with hydrous silicates such as Na-boltwoodite showed a significant decrease in mobility but no change in Na-boltwoodite concentration (by EXAFS/XANES), so is most likely caused by non-U precipitate coatings. Complex resistivity changes occurred in the sediment during NH3 and subsequent N2 gas injection, indicating ERT/IP could be used at field scale for injection monitoring.
Szecsody, James E.; Truex, Michael J.; Zhong, Lirong; Johnson, Timothy C.; Qafoku, Nikolla; Williams, Mark D.; Greenwood, William J.; Wallin, Erin L.; Bargar, John R.; Faurie, Danielle K.
Effects of Microbial Litter Amendments on Broiler Performance, Litter Quality and Ammonia Production
of the poultry industry. The goal of amendments is to lower levels of NH3 by decreasing litter pH.. This can be accomplished through the use of acidifiers such as alum (aluminum sulfate), Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT), Poultry GuardTM, ferric sulfate... and urea conversion into NH3, which is then, vented utilizing rearing facility ventilation. Unfortunately, at this time there is no scientific data to validate the claims of proposed effectiveness of microbial litter amendments. 14 Alum (Al2(SO4...
Hinkle, Matthew
Operating Experience and Test Results From An Ammonia-Based Dry/Wet Cooling System For Electric Power Stations
tower by heat rejection to the atmosphere. The condenser/ reboiler features Union carbide's doubly enhanced heat transfer tubing to boil ammonia on the inside and to condense the steam externally. System description and performance characteristics...
Allemann, R. T.; Werry, E. V.; Fricke, H. D.; Price, R. E.; Bartz, J. A.
Refinery Waste Heat Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant (WHAARP) Recovers LPG's and Gasoline, Saves Energy, and Reduces Air Pollution
A first-of-its-kind Waste Heat Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plant (WHAARP�) was installed by Planetec Utility Services Co., Inc. in partnership with Energy Concepts Co. at Ultramar Diamond Shamrock's 30,000 barrel per day refinery in Denver...
Brant, B.; Brueske, S.; Erickson, D.; Papar, R.
USDA/CSREES IFAFS GRANT PROPOSAL Reducing ammonia emissions from poultry houses by enhanced manure and diet management
USDA/CSREES IFAFS GRANT PROPOSAL Reducing ammonia emissions from poultry houses by enhanced manure: Iowa State University Collaborators: Terry Ashby Institution: President, Kentucky Poultry Federation: Executive Director, Iowa PoultryAssociation Federal Agency Cooperators: Bruce D. Harris Institution: US
Structural transitions of ternary imide Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2} for hydrogen storage
Phase transitions and energetic properties of Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2} with different crystal structures are investigated by experiments and first-principles calculations. The Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2} with the primitive cubic and orthorhombic structure is obtained by dynamically dehydrogenating a Mg(NH{sub 2}){sub 2}-2LiH mixture up to 280?�C under an initial vacuum and 9.0?bars H{sub 2}, respectively. It is found that the obtained orthorhombic Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2} is converted to a primitive cubic structure as the dehydrogenation temperature is further increased to 400?�C or performed by a 36?h of high-energetic ball milling. Moreover, the primitive cubic phase can be converted to an orthorhombic phase after heating at 280?�C under 9.0?bars H{sub 2} for 1?h. Thermodynamic calculations show that the orthorhombic phase is the ground state structure of Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2}. The mechanism for phase transitions of Li{sub 2}Mg(NH){sub 2} is also discussed from the angle of energy.
Liang, C. [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 (China); State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Gao, M. X.; Pan, H. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Liu, Y. F. [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
Process for treating ammonia and nitrite containing waters to prevent nitric oxide emissions therefrom
This patent describes a process for controlling the emission of nitrogen dioxide from, and the amount of one or more organisms, selected from the group consisting of fungi, algae and bacteria, growing in a system for handling a flow of condensate of steam, the condensate containing ammonia, ammonia precursors, or a mixture thereof. It comprises contacting the condensate in a substantially continuous manner with an amount of an oxidizing biocide which substantially prevents the emission of nitrogen dioxide from the condensate handling system but which does not substantially inhibit the growth of the organisms in the condensate handling system; and periodically contacting the condensate with an amount of a second biocide which substantially reduces the amount of the organisms.
Gallup, D.L.; Featherstone, J.L.
Toxicity of ammonia to larvae of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
to larval and juvenile shrimps (Armstrong et al. , 1976; Wickins, 1976) and to fish (Russo et al. , 1974", Smith and Williams, 1974", Smith and Russo' 1975; Crawford and Allen, 1977; Thurston et al. , 1978; Wedemeyer and Yasutake, 1978) and can.... Although the toxicity of ammonia to freshwater shrimp larvae has been reported by Armstrong et al. (1978), other aspects require further investigation before a reliable estimate of safe concentrations can be esta'blished. This study, which examines...
Llobrera, Jose Alvarez
Reduction of nitrogen oxides with catalytic acid resistant aluminosilicate molecular sieves and ammonia
Noxious nitrogen oxides in a waste gas stream such as the stack gas from a fossil-fuel-fired power generation plant or other industrial plant off-gas stream is catalytically reduced to elemental nitrogen and/or innocuous nitrogen oxides employing ammonia as reductant in the presence of a zeolite catalyst in the hydrogen or sodium form having pore openings of about 3 to 10 A.
Pence, Dallas T. (Idaho Falls, ID); Thomas, Thomas R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
This report summarizes an investigation of the potential impacts associated with the utilization of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems at coal-fired power plants. The study was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Emission Control By-Products Consortium, Dominion Generation, the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research and GAI Consultants, Inc. SCR systems are effective in reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions as required by the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments. However, there may be potential consequences associated with ammonia contamination of stack emissions and combustion by-products from these systems. Costs for air quality, landfill and pond environmental compliance may increase significantly and the marketability of ash may be seriously reduced, which, in turn, may also lead to increased disposal costs. The potential impacts to air, surface water, groundwater, ash disposal, ash utilization, health and safety, and environmental compliance can not be easily quantified based on the information presently available. The investigation included: (1) a review of information and data available from published and unpublished sources; (2) baseline ash characterization testing of ash samples produced from several central Appalachian high-volatile bituminous coals from plants that do not currently employ SCR systems in order to characterize the ash prior to ammonia exposure; (3) an investigation of ammonia release from fly ash, including leaching and thermal studies; and (4) an evaluation of the potential impacts on plant equipment, air quality, water quality, ash disposal operations, and ash marketing.
G.F. Brendel; J.E. Bonetti; R.F. Rathbone; R.N. Frey Jr.
Flue gas cleaning with ammonia reduces SO{sub 2} emission
This paper describes the technical and commercial development and basis for application in North America for wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) of the AMASOX{reg_sign} (i.e. Ammonia Absorbs Sulfur Oxides) Process of Krupp Uhde (Germany) employing ammonia reagent. This process technology has been emerging slowly and stepwise over a twenty-year period in reaching the present stage of commercial applicability. The discussion herein considers the need for accommodating to and advantageously addressing the increasing number of applications with high and ultra-high flue-gas concentrations of SO{sub 2} at the boiler outlet accompanied by significant levels of other pollutants. Key measures in accomplishing this include use of important process innovations. This, as well, calls for the effective use, when applicable, of wet electrostatic precipitator mist-elimination means to gain low/minimum-opacity stack plume trailoff in wet scrubber use together with reduction of air toxics to low concentrations. With cost-effectiveness in electric utility service, detailed herein, superior to FGD processes commonly used to date in high-sulfur service, utilization of this technology is expanding. Important, potentially trend-setting types of powerplant applications of ammonia FGD are reviewed to identify foreseen market sectors and procurement trends that will at the same time serve to substantially broaden lowest-cost coal utilization.
Emish, G.J. [Krupp Wilputte Corp., Bridgeville, PA (United States); Schulte, W. [Krupp Uhde GmbH, Dortmund (Germany); Ellison, W. [Ellison Consultants, Monrovia, MD (United States)
Stress-corrosion cracking of steels in ammonia with consideration given to OTEC design: a survey
Carbon steel, alloy steel, and high-strength, quenched and tempered steel, when under applied or residual stress and especially when cold formed and/or welded without subsequent thermal stress relief, are subject to failure by stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in air-contaminated dry ammonia. Water as well as hydrazine when present in small amounts have been shown to be effective inhibitors in an all steel system. Galvanic corrosion between dissimilar metals and/or accelerated failure by SCC of stressed steel as a result of galvanic coupling may be of concern. Where water has proven effective as an inhibitor of SCC in an all steel system, it may not be adequate in a mixed metal system. With aluminum tubes, the tube sheet will either have to be solid aluminum, aluminum clad steel or some nonconductive coating will be necessary to effectively remove the cathodic alloy from the galvanic circuit. Research is required to determine the severity of the coupling effect between dissimilar alloys in ammonia under OTEC conditions; especially the possibility of accelerated SCC failures of stressed steel where the presence of an inhibitor in the ammonia may not be sufficient to override the galvanic coupling effect.
Teel, R.B.
Retail refrigeration systems -- The use of ammonia and two-level secondary refrigeration
The concept of a secondary refrigeration system for high-temperature use as investigated in 1991, and a design for a full high-temperature system was completed the following year. In late 1992, a supermarket chain commissioned a study of the feasibility of turning the design into a practical application and assisted the project in 1993 by commissioning a test facility for single-temperature secondary refrigeration at one of the company`s factory sites. Results and conclusions from this trial work pointed toward the need for a total secondary refrigeration system, including a low-temperature system for frozen food display cases, and the possibility of utilizing environmentally friendly ammonia as the primary refrigerant. Therefore, in late 1993/early 1994, a low-temperature system was developed and commissioned at the test facility. Full collaboration between the supermarket company and the contractor resulted in the funding of practical trial work and feasibility studies for both secondary refrigeration and a fully detailed proposal for the use of ammonia in a public retail environment. In May 1995, the first UK ammonia and two-level secondary refrigeration system began operation in a supermarket in Horsham, Sussex England.
Thomas, A.S. [Westward Refrigeration, Gloucester (United Kingdom)
Rare Earth ? N = N* fs fGHZ fp nH fl
Rare Earth ? #12;N to date N = N* fs fGHZ fp nH fl ·N* = 4 x 1011 ·fs = 0.2 ·fGHZ = 0.1 ·fp = 0.8 ·nH = 2 ·fl = 1.0 N = 1.3 x 1010 #12;The Goldilocks Effect Earth is "Just Right" Yes, life on Earth has adapted to Earth, but ... Earth has just the right mass to be ·Tectonically-active ·Retain
Walter, Frederick M.
Metallicity of InN and GaN surfaces exposed to NH{sub 3}.
A systematic study of energies and structures of InN and GaN (0001) surfaces exposed to NH{sub 3} and its decomposition products was performed with first-principles methods. A phenomenological model including electron counting contributions is developed based on calculated DFT energies and is used to identify low-energy structures. These predictions are checked with additional DFT calculations. The equilibrium phase diagrams are found to contain structures that violate the electron counting rule. Densities of states for these structures indicate n-type conductivity, consistent with available experimental results.
Walkosz, W.; Zapol, P.; Stephenson, G. B. (Materials Science Division)
Influence of fuel sulfur on the selective reduction of NO by NH/sub 3/
The selective reduction of NO by NH/sub 3/ addition has been studied in a lean-burning oil fired laboratory combustion tunnel with pyridine and thiophene added to the fuel oil. Two distinct, but interrelated effects were observed. The conversion of a fixed amount of fuel nitrogen to NO in the flame increased as the fuel sulfur concentration increased. In the post-combustion gases, there was a shift in the temperature dependence of the reduction process when the sulfur combustion products were present. The extent of the NO reduction was not significantly altered, but the optimum temperature for reduction shifted to higher values as the sulfur concentration increased.
Sequential addition of H2O, CH3OH, and NH3 to Al3O3 : A theoretical study
, Al3O3 H2O 2 - and Al3O3 CH3OH 2 - , that are produced by the addition of two water or methanol be approximated by collisions between AlxOy - clusters and molecules of water, methanol, and ammonia. Products the photoelectron spectra of anions formed with two but not one molecules of water and methanol resemble
Simons, Jack
Diffusive and rotational dynamics of condensed n-H2 confined in MCM-41
In this paper, we report an inelastic neutron scattering study of liquid and solid n-H2 confined within MCM-41. This is a high surface area, mesoporous silica glass with a narrow pore size distribution centered at 3.5 nm. The scattering data provides information about the diffusive and rotational dynamics of the adsorbed n-H2 at low temperatures. In the liquid state, the neutron scattering data demonstrates that only a fraction of the adsorbed o-H2 is mobile on the picosecond time scale. This mobile fraction undergoes liquid-like jump diffusion, and values for the residence time t and effective mean-squared displacement hu2i are reported as a function of pore filling. In the solid state, the rotational energy levels of adsorbed H2 are strongly perturbed from their free quantum rotor behavior in the bulk solid. The underlying orientational potential of the hindered rotors is due to the surface roughness and heterogeneity of the MCM-41 pore walls. This potential is compared to the hindering potential of other porous silicas, such as Vycor. Strong selective adsorption makes the interfacial layer rich in o-H2, leaving the inner core volume consisting of a depleted mixture of o-H2 and p-H2.
Prisk, Timothy R [ORNL; Bryan, Matthew [Indiana University; Sokol, Paul E [ORNL
Two-reagent reactions of iron clusters with ammonia and deuterium: Saturated compositions and the kinetics of reactions of deuterium with ammoniated clusters
Studies of two-reagent reactions of iron clusters with ammonia and deuterium are described. The compositions of clusters saturated with both ammonia and deuterium have been determined, and indicate that the ammonia binds nondissociatively to iron clusters and to different sites than the deuterium. Rate constants for the reaction of the first deuterium molecule with ammoniated clusters have been measured. In general, low ammonia coverage (one to three molecules) has either little effect on cluster reactivity, or in the case of unreactive bare clusters, increases reactivity dramatically. Clusters saturated with ammonia show general reactivity decreases, although again the least reactive bare clusters show dramatic increases in reactivity when covered with ammonia molecules. Interesting cluster activation and deactivation effects are seen. Possible mechanisms for these reactions are discussed.
Hoffman W.F. III; Parks, E.K.; Riley, S.J.
Preparation of hexagonal WO{sub 3} from hexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze for sensing NH{sub 3}
Hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO{sub 3}) was prepared by annealing hexagonal ammonium tungsten bronze, (NH{sub 4}){sub 0.07}(NH{sub 3}){sub 0.04}(H{sub 2}O){sub 0.09}WO{sub 2.95}. The structure, composition and morphology of h-WO{sub 3} were studied by XRD, XPS, Raman, {sup 1}H MAS (magic angle spinning) NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET-N{sub 2} specific surface area measurement, while its thermal stability was investigated by in situ XRD. The h-WO{sub 3} sample was built up by 50-100 nm particles, had an average specific surface area of 8.3 m{sup 2}/g and was thermally stable up to 450 deg. C. Gas sensing tests showed that h-WO{sub 3} was sensitive to various levels (10-50 ppm) of NH{sub 3}, with the shortest response and recovery times (1.3 and 3.8 min, respectively) to 50 ppm NH{sub 3}. To this NH{sub 3} concentration, the sensor had significantly higher sensitivity than h-WO{sub 3} samples prepared by wet chemical methods.
Szilagyi, Imre Miklos [Materials Structure and Modeling Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellert ter 4 (Hungary)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Wang Lisheng; Gouma, Pelagia-Irene [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 314 Old Engineering Building, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275 (United States); Balazsi, Csaba [Ceramics and Nanocomposites Laboratory, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33 (Hungary); Madarasz, Janos; Pokol, Gyoergy [Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellert ter 4 (Hungary)
More intensive regulations of the emissions of nitrogen oxides from stationary combustion sources have prompted the innovation and characterization of new control technologies suitable for applications in utilities. One of the more recent and attractive abatement technologies is the Thermal DeNO/sub x/ process which has been described by Lyon and Longwell. This process removes NO by selectively reducing it with NH/sub 3/ added to the post-combustion gases containing excess oxygen. This process is thus independent of the NO formation mechanism and makes no distinction between thermal and fuel NO. The present study is concerned with characterizing the selective reduction process for light distillate oil fuel admixed with variable amounts of pyridene and thiophene in a laboratory scale combustion tunnel under a variety of experimental conditions. This paper reports on those aspects of the study concerned with the investigation of possible synergistic effects between the sulfur and selective reduction chemistry.
The nitrate to ammonia and ceramic (NAC) process -- a newly developed low-temperature technology
Bench-top feasibility studies with Hanford single-shell tank (SST) simulants, using a new low-temperature (50-60C) process for converting nitrate to ammonia and ceramic (NAC), showed that between 90 and 99% of the nitrate at Hanford can be readily converted to ammonia. Aluminum powders or shot can be used to convert alkaline, nitrate-based supernate to ammonia and an alumina-silica-based ceramic solid. The process may utilize already contaminated aluminum scrap metal from various DOE sites to effect the conversion. The final nitrate-free ceramic product can be calcined, pressed, and sintered like any other ceramic. Based on starting volumes of 6.2 and 3.1 M sodium nitrate solution (probable supernate concentrations resulting from salt-cake/sludge removal from Hanford SSTs), volume reductions as high as 70% are currently obtained, compared with an expected 40 to 50% volume increase if the Hanford supernate were grouted. Engineering data indicate that the process will be very economical. Data were used to cost a batch facility with a production rate of 1200 kilograms of nitrate per hour for processing all the Hanford SST waste over 20 years. Process cost analysis indicates that between $2.01 and 2.66 will be required to convert each kilogram of nitrate. These costs are one-third to one-half of the processing costs for electrolytic and thermal processes. The ceramic waste form offers other cost savings associated with a smaller volume of waste as well as eliminates other process steps such as grouting. Silica added to the reactor, based upon the total sodium in the waste, permits us to actually bind the sodium in a nepheline phase of the final ceramic structure as well as bind most metals and nonmetals in the ceramic.
Mattus, A.J.; Lee, D.D.
Selective reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia over vanadia on pillared titanium phosphate
in the catalyst. Shikada et al. (1981) compared AlzOz, SiOz, and SiO, ? TiOz (equimolar) supports for VzOs using a simulated flue gas containing 100 ppni SOz. The silica- titanium dioxide supported catalyst showed the highest NO conversions followed by those...SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE YVITH AMMONIA OVER VANADIA ON PILLARED TITANIUM PHOSPHATE A Thesis LAWRENCE JOSEPH CZARNECKI Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AkM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree...
Czarnecki, Lawrence Joseph
The selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia in the presence of oxygen
supporting the authors conclusions. Kato, et al. (1981 a) studied the catalytic activity of' iron oxide-titanium oxide catalysts with Fe/Ti atonuc ratios of 1/9 for the NO ? NHs ? Oz reaction. No NqO ivas detected in the reaction products, regardless... of the fact that an excess of oxygen ivas present in each reaction stuay. Nitric oxide and ammonia reacted stoichiometrically, regardless of the oxygen concentration, the space velocity, the temperature or the presence of SOz and HqO. The rate...
Gruber, Karen Ann
Passive Ammonia SCR for Lean Burn SIDI Engines | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion | Department ofT ib l L d F SSalesOE0000652Grow Your Energy EfficiencyEnergyAmmonia SCR
Decomposition Pathway of Ammonia Borane on the Surface of nano-BN. | EMSL
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed Newcatalyst phasesData Files Data Files 1B&W Y-12 TymesPathway of Ammonia Borane
NH Agricultural Experiment Station -COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES & AGRICULTURE yhttp://extension.unh.edu/Agric http://www.colsa.unh.edu/aes/
NH Agricultural Experiment Station - COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES & AGRICULTURE yhttp of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA; 3 Ohio Agricultural Research & Development Center mil IR greenhouse film Data Collection
Reactions of cobalt clusters with water and ammonia: Implications for cluster structure
Reactions of cobalt clusters in the 6 to 150 atom size range with water and ammonia are used to probe cluster geometrical structure. Clusters saturated with ammonia are found in several isomeric forms in much of this size region, including a structure based on icosahedral packing for clusters having 50 to 120 atoms. The variations with cluster size of the binding energy for a single water molecule provide evidence for icosahedral structure of the bare cobalt clusters in the same size range seen for the ammoniated clusters. However, both probes suggest that in many cases the bare clusters also have multiple isomers. The evidence for icosahedral structure in the bare and ammoniated clusters disappears above [similar to]120 atoms and is clearly not seen at the third icosahedral shell closing at 147 atoms. Comparison with earlier studies of hydrogenated cobalt clusters and with bare and hydrogenated nickel clusters is made. Reasons for the failure to form the closed-shell 147 atom icosahedral cluster are discussed.
Parks, E.K.; Klots, T.D.; Winter, B.J.; Riley, S.J. (Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States))
Investigation of ammonia equipment configurations for supermarket refrigeration applications (for microcomputers). Software
This product gives results of a project to quantify the advantages and disadvantages of using ammonia with a secondary brine refrigerant compared to R-22 in supermarket refrigeration applications. Project objectives were achieved by numerical experiments using simulations. Mechanistic models of refrigeration system components were used, based on fundamental principles, accepted heat transfer/pressure drop correlations, and available manufacturers` data. Available thermodynamic and transport property data correlations for ammonia and R-22 were used in the models. The parameters of these models were varied to determine their effect on system performance and locate optimum values. A modular approach was used in which each component was separately modeled, allowing simple changes in system configurations. The combined component models resulted in a large set of coupled nonlinear algebraic equations for the quasi-steady systems that did not involve brine storage. The system involved differential and algebraic equations. These equations were solved using the general-purpose simulation programs EES and TRNSYS. EES is a robust nonlinear equation-solving program with built-in thermophysical property data. TRNSYS is a sequential modular simulation program that uses schemes to solve coupled algebraic and differential equations.
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Kentucky during Winter
International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, Horsens, Jutland, Denmark 1-4 June, 2003 Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Kentucky during Winter Kenneth D a comprehensive database of ammonia emission rates (ER) from US poultry facilities. The influence of common
Effect of particle size on rate and extent of degradation of alfalfa hay, barley straw and ammonia-treated barley straw
Effect of particle size on rate and extent of degradation of alfalfa hay, barley straw and ammonia experiment alfalfa hay (A, 57.4 % DOM), barley straw (S, 40.2 % DOM) and ammonia-treated barley straw (TS, 51 characteristics were also studied for alfalfa hay. Average dry matter (DM) intakes were 74.5, 29.2 and 45.9 g
Infrared Hole Burning and Conformational Change in a Borane-Ammonia Complex Christopher A. Endicott, Herbert L. Strauss,* Chambers C. Hughes, and Dirk Trauner
Infrared Hole Burning and Conformational Change in a Borane-Ammonia Complex Christopher A. Endicott-D stretching region in the infrared spectrum of the ammonia complex of tris-(2-methoxymethyl- phenol has a unique structure, and to investigate the nature of the hydrogen bonding, we carried out infrared
Trauner, Dirk
Access Management in Multi-Administration Networks S. P. Lord, N.H. Pope, and Susan Stepney
Access Management in Multi-Administration Networks S. P. Lord, N.H. Pope, and Susan Stepney GEC of linking together networks controlled by different administrations, and allowing these administrations and representations. S. P. Lord, N. H. Pope, and Susan Stepney. Access Management in multi-administration networks
Stepney, Susan
Effective interactions between the N-H bond orientations in lithium imide and a proposed ground-state structure
Effective interactions between the N-H bond orientations in lithium imide and a proposed ground Received 28 February 2006; revised manuscript received 17 July 2006; published 4 October 2006 Lithium imide in the structure. By searching an effective Hamiltonian in which the energy of lithium imide is expressed
Ceder, Gerbrand
An AlGaAsGaAs quantum cascade laser operating with a thermoelectric cooler for spectroscopy of NH3
out using a compact thermo-electrically cooled laser package. The QCL described here is designedAn AlGaAsGaAs quantum cascade laser operating with a thermoelectric cooler for spectroscopy of NH3. Langford b a Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow
Verification of Allowable Stresses In ASME Section III Subsection NH For Grade 91 Steel & Alloy 800H
The database for the creep-rupture of 9Cr-1Mo-V (Grade 91) steel was collected and reviewed to determine if it met the needs for recommending time-dependent strength values, S{sub t}, for coverage in ASME Section III Subsection NH (ASME III-NH) to 650 C (1200 F) and 600,000 hours. The accumulated database included over 300 tests for 1% total strain, nearly 400 tests for tertiary creep, and nearly 1700 tests to rupture. Procedures for analyzing creep and rupture data for ASME III-NH were reviewed and compared to the procedures used to develop the current allowable stress values for Gr 91 for ASME II-D. The criteria in ASME III-NH for estimating S{sub t} included the average strength for 1% total strain for times to 600,000 hours, 80% of the minimum strength for tertiary creep for times to 600,000 hours, and 67% of the minimum rupture strength values for times to 600,000 hours. Time-temperature-stress parametric formulations were selected to correlate the data and make predictions of the long-time strength. It was found that the stress corresponding to 1% total strain and the initiation of tertiary creep were not the controlling criteria over the temperature-time range of concern. It was found that small adjustments to the current values in III-NH could be introduced but that the existing values were conservative and could be retained. The existing database was found to be adequate to extend the coverage to 600,000 hours for temperatures below 650 C (1200 F).
R. W. Swindeman; M. J. Swindeman; B. W. Roberts; B. E. Thurgood; D. L. Marriott
Chemical analysis of HfO{sub 2}/Si (100) film systems exposed to NH{sub 3} thermal processing
Nitrogen incorporation in HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} films utilized as high-k gate dielectric layers in advanced metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors has been investigated. Thin HfO{sub 2} blanket films deposited by atomic layer deposition on either SiO{sub 2} or NH{sub 3} treated Si (100) substrates have been subjected to NH{sub 3} and N{sub 2} anneal processing. Several high resolution techniques including electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectra, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been utilized to elucidate chemical composition and crystalline structure differences between samples annealed in NH{sub 3} and N{sub 2} ambients as a function of temperature. Depth profiling of core level binding energy spectra has been obtained by using variable kinetic energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable photon energy. An 'interface effect' characterized by a shift of the Si{sup 4+} feature to lower binding energy at the HfO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} interface has been detected in the Si 1s spectra; however, no corresponding chemical state change has been observed in the Hf 4f spectra acquired over a broad range of electron take-off angles and surface sensitivities. The Si 2p spectra indicate Si-N bond formation beneath the HfO{sub 2} layer in the samples exposed to NH{sub 3} anneal. The NH{sub 3} anneal ambient is shown to produce a metastable Hf-N bond component corresponding to temperature driven dissociation kinetics. These findings are consistent with elemental profiles across the HfO{sub 2}/Si(100) interface determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements on similarly treated films identify the structural changes resulting from N incorporation into the HfO{sub 2} films.
Lysaght, Patrick S.; Barnett, Joel; Bersuker, Gennadi I.; Woicik, Joseph C.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Foran, Brendan; Tseng, Hsing-Huang; Jammy, Raj [Front End Process Division, SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Drive, Austin, Texas 78741-6499 (United States); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Physical Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Development Facility, 2706 Montopolis Drive, Austin, Texas 78741-6499 (United States); Front End Process Division, SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Drive, Austin, Texas 78741-6499 (United States)
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Disubstituted Ethanes. A Comparison of NH,,,O-and OH,,,O-Hydrogen Bonding through Conformational Analysis of 4-Amino-4-oxobutanoate
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Disubstituted Ethanes. A Comparison of NH,,,O- and OH,,,O- Hydrogen Bonding through Conformational Analysis of 4-Amino-4-oxobutanoate (succinamate) and Monohydrogen 1 of amide NH,,,O- and carboxyl OH,,,O- hydrogen bonds were investigated via conformational analysis
Goddard III, William A.
S urface chemistry of a viscose-based activated carbon cloth modified by treatment with ammonia and steam
-based activated carbon fibers (ACF) to optimize the oxidative retention of up to 5000 ppmv of SO2 in moist air suitable for the recovery of sulfuric acid at room temperature than granular activated carbon becauseS urface chemistry of a viscose-based activated carbon cloth modified by treatment with ammonia
The conserved carboxy-terminal region of the ammonia channel AmtB plays a critical role in channel function
The conserved carboxy-terminal region of the ammonia channel AmtB plays a critical role in channel-terminal residues can have very marked effects. Using the Escherichia coli AmtB protein as a model system for Amt that are best explained in terms of two distinct effects of the C-terminal region on AmtB activity. Residues
Merrick, Mike
National Poultry Waste Management Symposium, Birmingham AL 28-30 October, 2002 AMMONIA LOSSES, EVALUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR
National Poultry Waste Management Symposium, Birmingham AL 28-30 October, 2002 AMMONIA LOSSES, EVALUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR POULTRY SYSTEMS Richard S. Gates1 , Hongwei Xin2 and Eileen Wheeler3 1 Professor.S. production conditions is a pressing air quality issue that is facing the U.S. livestock and poultry industry
General basic and coordination catalysis in reactions of haloaromatic compounds with ammonia in the presence of copper(I) compounds
This paper presents a study made to detect general basic catalysis by ammonia (reagent) in reactions of ammonolysis of haloaromatic compounds in the presence of Cu/sup +/ ions, as well as to determine the generality of the mechanisms of the catalytic replacement of a halogen atom by an amino group in the anthraquinone and benzene series.
Chumak, V.T.; Shein, S.M.
Biophysical studies of anhydrous peptide structure
peptide folding motifs in the absence of solvent, suggesting that in vacuo studies may potentially discern the role of solvation in protein structure. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMMS) combines a gas-phase ion separation based on collision cross...
McLean, Janel Renee
Calculations on spin-paired species in metal-ammonia solutions
In this paper we show that the spin-paired species in ammonia is consistent with a cluster of two single-electron ammoniated cavity species held together by a cation, also probably solvated. With the electronic part of the wave functions for the ammoniated electron as determined by Newton, the ground-state electronic configuration is a singlet and the singlet-triplet separation is calculated to be about 0.1 eV. The spectrum of the individual cavity species is only shifted by a few hundredths of an electronvolt based on perturbation calculations. These data are consistent with the experimental values recently found by Schindewolf and Werner, who have other data which support the particular species studied in this paper.
Kestner, N.R.; Rao, B.K.; Finley, C.W.
Solvated electron yields in liquid and supercritical ammonia-A statistical mechanical treatment
Earlier the geminate recombination of ions and solvated electrons, produced by ionizing radiation or laser light, was theoretically treated by a model which consisted of a Rydberg atom interacting with the thermodynamic fluctuations of the medium [R. Schiller, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 5527 (1990)]. The theory was applied to liquid-to-supercritical water [R. Schiller and A. Horvath, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 084510 (2011)]. Now it is compared with recent experiments performed on liquid-to-supercritical ammonia [J. Urbanek, A. Dahmen, J. Torres-Alacan, P. Koenigshoven, J. Lindner, and P. Voehringer, J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 2223 (2012)]. The agreement between theory and experiment seems to be reasonable. The treatment is critically assessed.
Schiller, Robert; Horvath, Akos [Centre for Energy Research, P.O.B. 49, Budapest H-1525 (Hungary)
Thermal Stability and Hydrogen Release Kinetics of Ammonia Borane Under Vehicle Storage Conditions
Ammonia borane (AB) is a promising chemical hydrogen storage material for H2 powered fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) owing to its considerable hydrogen density and stability under typical ambient conditions. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Technical Targets for on-board hydrogen storage systems in 2015 provide a requirement for operating temperatures in full-sun exposure as high as 60�C (50�C by 2010) [1]. The purpose of this work is to investigate the thermal stability of solid AB during storage on-board a FCV at 40 to 60�C. Calorimeter measurements and calculation models are used to estimate AB thermal stability and H2 release kinetics under isothermal, adiabatic, and cooled storage conditions as a function of storage time, temperature, and AB purity.
Rassat, Scot D.; Smith, R. Scott; Aardahl, Christopher L.; Autrey, Thomas; Chin, Arthur A.; Magee, Joseph W.; VanSciver, Gary R.; Lipiecki, Frank J.
Evaluation of a solar intermittent refrigeration system for ice production operating with ammonia/lithium nitrate
A novel solar intermittent refrigeration system for ice production developed in the Centro de Investigacion en Energia of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico is presented. The system operates with the ammonia/lithium nitrate mixture. The system developed has a nominal capacity of 8 kg of ice/day. It consists of a cylindrical parabolic collector acting as generator-absorber. Evaporator temperatures as low as -11 C were obtained for several hours with solar coefficients of performance up to 0.08. It was found that the coefficient of performance increases with the increment of solar radiation and the solution concentration. A dependency of the coefficient of performance was not founded against the cooling water temperature. Also it was found that the maximum operating pressure increases meanwhile the generation temperature decreases with an increase of the solution concentration. (author)
Rivera, W.; Moreno-Quintanar, G.; Best, R. [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, A.P. 34, 62580 Temixco, Mor. (Mexico); Rivera, C.O.; Martinez, F. [Facultad de Ingenieria Campus Coatzacoalcos, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad Km 7.5, 96530 Coatzacoalcos, Ver. (Mexico)
An interpretation of the vibrational and rotational structure of the 2167A? system of ammonia
AN INTERPRETATION OF THE VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE 2 l67A ? SYSTEM OF AMMONIA A D isserta tion By Bobby Lee Landrum Submitted to the Graduate S choo l o f the A g r icu ltu ra l and M echan ica l C o llege o f Texas... in p a rtia l fu lfillm en t o f the requ irem en ts fo r the d egree o f DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY January 1959 M ajor Subject: P h ys ics This r e s e a r ch was supported by the United States A ir F o r c e through the A ir F o r c e O ffic e...
Landrum, Bobby Lee
Evaluation of Aqua-Ammonia Chiller Technologies and Field Site Installation
The Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) has sponsored Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to review, select, and evaluate advanced, gas-fired, 5-ton, aqua-ammonia, chiller technologies. The selection criteria was that units have COP values of 0.67 or better at Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) 95 F outdoor rating conditions, an active refrigerant flow control, and a variable-speed condenser fan. These features are expected to allow these units to operate at higher ambient temperatures (up to the maximum operating temperature of 110 F) with minimal degradation in performance. ORNL evaluated three potential manufacturers of advanced, gas-fired, 5-ton, aqua-ammonia chillers-Robur, Ambian, and Cooling Technologies. Unfortunately, Robur did not meet the COP requirements and Cooling Technologies could not deliver a unit to be tested at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-ORNL environmental chamber testing facility for thermally activated heat pumps. This eliminated these two technologies from further consideration, leaving only the Ambian chillers for evaluation. Two Ambian chillers were evaluated at the DOE-ORNL test facility. Overall these chillers operated well over a wide range of ambient conditions with minimal degradation in performance due to several control strategies used such as a variable speed condenser fan, a modulating burner, and active refrigerant flow control. These Ambian pre-commercial units were selected for installation and field testing at three federal facilities. NFESC worked with ORNL to assist with the site selection for installation and evaluation of these chillers. Two sites (ORNL and Naval Surface Warfare Center [NSWC] Corona) had a single chiller unit installed; and at one site (Naval Amphibious Base [NAB] Little Creek), two 5-ton chillers linked together were installed to provide 10 tons of cooling. A chiller link controller developed under this project was evaluated in the field test at Little Creek.
Zaltash, Abdolreza [ORNL
Scale-Up Information for Gas-Phase Ammonia Treatment of Uranium in the Vadose Zone at the Hanford Site Central Plateau
Uranium is present in the vadose zone at the Hanford Central Plateau and is of concern for protection of groundwater. The Deep Vadose Zone Treatability Test Plan for the Hanford Central Plateau identified gas-phase treatment and geochemical manipulation as potentially effective treatment approaches for uranium and technetium in the Hanford Central Plateau vadose zone. Based on laboratory evaluation, use of ammonia vapor was selected as the most promising uranium treatment candidate for further development and field testing. While laboratory tests have shown that ammonia treatment effectively reduces the mobility of uranium, additional information is needed to enable deployment of this technology for remediation. Of importance for field applications are aspects of the technology associated with effective distribution of ammonia to a targeted treatment zone, understanding the fate of injected ammonia and its impact on subsurface conditions, and identifying effective monitoring approaches. In addition, information is needed to select equipment and operational parameters for a field design. As part of development efforts for the ammonia technology for remediation of vadose zone uranium contamination, field scale-up issues were identified and have been addressed through a series of laboratory and modeling efforts. This report presents a conceptual description for field application of the ammonia treatment process, engineering calculations to support treatment design, ammonia transport information, field application monitoring approaches, and a discussion of processes affecting the fate of ammonia in the subsurface. The report compiles this information from previous publications and from recent research and development activities. The intent of this report is to provide technical information about these scale-up elements to support the design and operation of a field test for the ammonia treatment technology.
Truex, Michael J.; Szecsody, James E.; Zhong, Lirong; Thomle, Jonathan N.; Johnson, Timothy C.
Descriptor-Based Analysis Applied to HCN Synthesis from NH3 and CH4
The design of solid metal catalysts using theoretical methods has been a long-standing goal in heterogeneous catalysis. Recent developments in methodology and computer technology as well as the establishment of a descriptor-based approach for the analysis of reaction mechanisms and trends across the periodic table allow for the fast screening for new catalytic materials and have lead to first examples of computational discoveries of new materials. The underlying principles of the descriptor-based approach are the existence of relations between the surface electronic structure, adsorption energies and activation barriers that result in volcano-shaped activity plots as function of simple descriptors, such as atomic binding energies or the d-band center. Linear scaling relations have been established between the adsorption energies of hydrogen-containing molecules such as CH{sub x}, NH{sub x}, OH{sub x} and SH{sub x} and the C, N O and S adsorption energies on transition-metal surfaces. Transition-state energies have also been shown to scale linearly with adsorption energies in a similar fashion. Recently, a single transition state scaling relation has been identified for a large number of C-C, C-O, C-N, N-O, N-N, and O-O coupling reactions. The scaling relations provide a powerful tool for the investigation of reaction mechanisms and the prediction of potential energy surfaces. They limit the number of independent variables to a few, typically adsorption energies of key atoms. Using this information as input to a microkinetic model provides an understanding of trends in catalytic activity across the transition metals. In most cases a volcano-shaped relation between activity and the key variables, the descriptors, is observed. In the present paper we will provide an example of the approach outlined above and show how one can obtain an understanding of activity/selectivity trends of a reaction with just a few new calculations.
Grabow, L
RELAP5 assessment using semiscale SBLOCA test S-NH-1. International Agreement Report
2-inch cold leg break test S-NH-1, conducted at the 1/1705 volume scaled facility Semiscale was analyzed using RELAP5/MOD2 Cycle 36.04 and MOD3 Version 5m5. Loss of HPIS was assumed, and reactor trip occurred on a low PZR pressure signal (13.1 MPa), and pumps began an unpowered coastdown on SI signal (12.5 MPa). The system was recovered by opening ADV`s when the PCT became higher than 811 K. Accumulator was finally injected into the system when the primary system pressure was less than 4.0 MPa. The experiment was terminated when the pressure reached the LPIS actuation set point RELAP5/MOD2 analysis demonstrated its capability to predict, with a sufficient accuracy, the main phenomena occurring in the depressurization transient, both from a qualitative and quantitative points of view. Nevertheless, several differences were noted regarding the break flow rate and inventory distribution due to deficiencies in two-phase choked flow model, horizontal stratification interfacial drag, and a CCFL model. The main reason for the core to remain nearly fully covered with the liquid was the under-prediction of the break flow by the code. Several sensitivity calculations were tried using the MOD2 to improve the results by using the different options of break flow modeling (downward, homogeneous, and area increase). The break area compensating concept based on ``the integrated break flow matching`` gave the best results than downward junction and homogeneous options. And the MOD3 showed improvement in predicting a CCFL in SG and a heatup in the core.
Lee, E.J.; Chung, B.D.; Kim, H.J. [Korea Inst. of Nuclear Safety, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)
nh Gi Thit Hi Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin ca V Trn Du Deepwater Horizon Cc D n Khu Vc
Lng Sò ip Nhm Tng C Hi ánh Bt Gii Trí Trong Vùng Cán Xong Florida s c thc hin Qun Bay (h thng Vnh St Okaloosa và Walton. Lý tng ra thì bng cách thc hin d án này,s lng sò ip ti các a im c can thip cui cùng có th s tng lên ti các mc t duy trì bn vng c cho vic ánh bt gii trí. S lng sò ip các Qun Gulf và
A Pyrrolyl-based Triazolophane: A Macrocyclic Receptor With CH and NH Donor Groups That Exhibits a Preference for Pyrophosphate Anions
A pyrrolyl-based triazolophane, incorporating CH and NH donor groups, acts as a receptor for the pyrophosphate anion in chloroform solution. It shows selectivity for this trianion, followed by HSO{sub 4}{sup -} > H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup -} > Cl{sup -} > Br{sup -} (all as the corresponding tetrabutylammonium salts), with NH-anion interactions being more important than CH-anion interactions. In the solid state, the receptor binds the pyrophosphate anion in a clip-like slot via NH and CH hydrogen bonds.
Sessler, Jonathan L. [University of Texas; Cia, Jiajia [University of Texas, Austin; Gong, Han-Yuan [University of Texas, Austin; Yang, Xiauping [University of Texas, Austin; Arambula, Jonathan F. [University of Texas, Austin; Hay, Benjamin [ORNL
Supporting Information Electric Field Reversal of Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and Na2CO3 relative to CaCl2
water 1 M Na2 CO3 1 M Na2 SO4 1 M (NH4 )2 SO4 2 M CaCl2 2 M NaCl Re (2) (a.u.) Incident Infrared (cm -1.8 M CaCl2, 1.8 M NaCl, 1.1 M Na2CO3, 1.1 M Na2SO4, and 1.1 M (NH4)2SO4 salt solutions. ExperimentalS1 Supporting Information Electric Field Reversal of Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and Na2CO3 relative to CaCl
Time-Resolved XAFS Spectroscopic Studies of B-H and N-H Oxidative Addition to Transition Metal Catalysts Relevant to Hydrogen Storage
Successful catalytic dehydrogenation of aminoborane, H3NBH3, prompted questions as to the potential role of N-H oxidative addition in the mechanisms of these processes. N-H oxidative addition reactions are rare, and in all cases appear to involve initial dative bonding to the metal by the amine lone pairs followed by transfer of a proton to the basic metal. Aminoborane and its trimethylborane derivative block this mechanism and, in principle, should permit authentic N-H oxidative attrition to occur. Extensive experimental work failed to confirm this hypothesis. In all cases either B-H complexation or oxidative addition of solvent C-H bonds dominate the chemistry.
Bitterwolf, Thomas E. [University of Idaho
as a fuel in solid oxide fuel cells,� J. Power Sources 118:L. and Bloomfield, D.P. , �Ammonia Cracker for Fuel Cells�,1998 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts, November 16-19, Palm
Chemical Hydrogen Storage Using Polyhedral Borane Anions and Aluminum-Ammonia-Borane Complexes
Phase 1. Hydrolysis of borohydride compounds offer the potential for significant hydrogen storage capacity, but most work to date has focused on one particular anion, BH4-, which requires high pH for stability. Other borohydride compounds, in particular polyhedral borane anions offer comparable hydrogen storage capacity without requiring high pH media and their long term thermal and hydrolytic stability coupled with non-toxic nature make them a very attractive alternative to NaBH4. The University of Missouri project provided the overall program focal point for the investigation of catalytic hydrolysis of polyhedral borane anions for hydrogen release. Due to their inherent stability, a transition metal catalyst was necessary for the hydrolysis of polyhedral borane anions. Transition metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, palladium and rhodium were investigated for their catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of nido-KB11H14, closo-K2B10H10, and closo-K2B12H12. The rate of hydrolysis follows first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of the polyhedral borane anion and surface area of the rhodium catalyst. The rate of hydrolysis depends upon a) choice of polyhedral borane anion, c) concentration of polyhedral borane anion, d) surface area of the rhodium catalyst and e) temperature of the reaction. In all cases the yield of hydrogen was 100% which corresponds to ~7 wt% of hydrogen (based on material wt%). Phase 2. The phase 2 of program at the University of Missouri was focused upon developing aluminum ammonia-boranes (Al-AB) as chemical hydrogen storage materials, specifically their synthesis and studies of their dehydrogenation. The ammonia borane molecule (AB) is a demonstrated source of chemically stored hydrogen (19.6 wt%) which meets DOE performance parameters except for its regeneration from spent AB and elemental hydrogen. The presence of an aluminum center bonded to multiple AB residues might combine the efficiency of AB dehydrogenation with an aluminum mediated hydrogenation process leading to reversibility. The Al-AB complexes have comparable hydrogen capacity with other M-AB and have potential to meet DOE�s 2010 and 2015 targets for system wt%.
Hawthorne, M. Frederick; Jalisatgi, Satish S.; Safronov, Alexander V.; Lee, Han Beak; Wu, Jianguo
Supporting Information Surface Electric Fields of Aqueous Solutions of NH4NO3, Mg(NO3)2, NaNO3,
S1 Supporting Information Surface Electric Fields of Aqueous Solutions of NH4NO3, Mg(NO3)2, NaNO3 interfaces of (a) 1.0 M and 2.0 M LiNO3, (b) 1.0 M and 1.7 M NaNO3, (c) 1.0 M and 1.6 M NH4NO3, and (d) 1.0 M water 1.0 M NaNO3 1.7 M NaNO3 c water 1.0 M NH4 NO3 1.6 M NH4 NO3 | (2) | 2 (10 3 arb.units) Wavenumber
Technical and economic assessment of the use of ammonia expanders for energy recovery in air-cooled power plants
Binary cycle power plants have been the subject of much discussion among engineers and scientists for nearly 100 years. Current economic and environmental concerns have stimulated new interest and research. Ammonia has been recommended by other studies as the leading contender for use as simply the heat rejection medium in an air-cooled power plant. This study investigates the technical feasibility and economic potential of including an expander in the heat rejection system of an air-cooled power plant. The expander would be used during certain parts of the year to increase the total output of the power plant. Five different plant locations (Miami, San Francisco, Bakersfield, Chicago, Anchorage) were investigated to show the effect which climate has on the economic potential of this ammonia bottoming cycle. The study shows that the expected energy costs for the bottoming cycle only will be less than 50 mills/kWh for any of the five plant locations. This cost assumes that an ammonia phase-change heat rejection system is already a part of the existing plant. The colder climates of Chicago and Anchorage demonstrate an even smaller energy cost of less than 15 mills/kWh. Further investigation of the concept is merited to substantiate these costs and determine the needed technology.
Hauser, S.G.; Hane, G.J.; Johnson, B.M.
The nature of the dense core population in the Pipe Nebula: A survey of NH3, CCS, and HC5N molecular line emission
Recent extinction studies of the Pipe Nebula (d=130 pc) reveal many cores spanning a range in mass from 0.2 to 20.4 Msun. These dense cores were identified via their high extinction and comprise a starless population in a very early stage of development. Here we present a survey of NH3 (1,1), NH3 (2,2), CCS (2_1,1_0), and HC5N (9,8) emission toward 46 of these cores. An atlas of the 2MASS extinction maps is also presented. In total, we detect 63% of the cores in NH3 (1,1) 22% in NH3 (2,2), 28% in CCS, and 9% in HC5N emission. We find the cores are associated with dense gas (~10^4 cm-3) with 9.5 Pipe cores are similar to cores within other low-mass star-forming regions: the only differences are that the Pipe cores have weaker NH3 emision and most show no current star formation as evidenced by the lack of embedded infrared sources. Such weak NH3 emission could arise due to low column densities and abundances or reduced excitation due to relatively low core volume densities. Either alternative implies that the cores are relatively young. Thus, the Pipe cores represent an excellent sample of dense cores in which to study the initial conditions for star formation and the earliest stages of core formation and evolution.
J. M. Rathborne; C. J. Lada; A. A. Muench; J. F. Alves; M. Lombardi
Theory of Hydride-Proton Transfer (HPT) Carbonyl Reduction by [Os(III)(tpy)(Cl)(NH=CHCH3)(NSAr)
Quantum mechanical analysis reveals that carbonyl reduction of aldehydes and ketones by the imine-based reductant cis-[Os{sup III}(tpy)(Cl)(NH?CHCH{sub 3})(NSAr)] (2), which is accessible by reduction of the analogous nitrile, occurs by hydride-proton transfer (HPT) involving both the imine and sulfilimido ligands. In carbonyl reduction, water or alcohol is necessary to significantly lower the barrier for proton shuttling between ligands. The ?N(H)SAr group activates the carbonyl group through hydrogen bonding while the ?NC(H)CH{sub 3} ligand delivers the hydride.
Ess, Daniel H.; Schauer, Cynthia; Meyer, Thomas J.
Unusual defect physics in CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite solar cell absorber
Thin-film solar cells based on Methylammonium triiodideplumbate (CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}) halide perovskites have recently shown remarkable performance. First-principle calculations show that CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} has unusual defect physics: (i) Different from common p-type thin-film solar cell absorbers, it exhibits flexible conductivity from good p-type, intrinsic to good n-type depending on the growth conditions; (ii) Dominant intrinsic defects create only shallow levels, which partially explain the long electron-hole diffusion length and high open-circuit voltage in solar cell. The unusual defect properties can be attributed to the strong Pb lone-pair s orbital and I p orbital antibonding coupling and the high ionicity of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3}.
Yin, Wan-Jian, E-mail: email@example.com; Shi, Tingting; Yan, Yanfa, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606 (United States)
tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, halogens Ammonia (anhydrous) Mercury (in oxidizing agents Carbon tetrachloride Sodium Chlorates Ammonium salts, acids, powdered metals, sulfur tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water Potassium chlorate Sulfuric and other acids Potassium perchlorate (see also
Cho, Junghyun
Encapsulation of titanium (IV) silsesquioxane into the NH{sub 4}USY zeolite: Preparation, characterization and application
This work describes the encapsulation of titanium (IV) silsesquioxane into the supercavities of NH{sub 4}USY ultra stabilized zeolite, after chemical treatment. The modified zeolite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravity. This encapsulated titanium (IV) silsesquioxane can adsorb Azure A chloride after treatment with H{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, without modifier leaching problems. In an electrochemical study, the cyclic voltammograms of the graphite paste modified electrode, shows two redox couples with formal potential (E{sup 0}') -0.1 V and 0.21 V to I and II redox couples respectively (v=700mVs{sup -1}; Britton Robinson buffer (B-R) solution, pH 3) versus SCE ascribed to a monomer and dimmer of azure. This paper shows the use of ultra stabilized zeolite in the electrochemical field as host for molecules with nanometric dimensions.
Ribeiro do Carmo, Devaney [Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), Departamento de Fisica e Quimica, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Dias Filho, Newton Luiz [Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), Departamento de Fisica e Quimica, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil); Ramos Stradiotto, Nelson [Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Instituto de Quimica PO Box, Araraquara, SP (Brazil)
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE CoZZoque C8, suppZ6ment aa n o 8, Tome 42, amAt 2980, page C8-32 NMR STUD1ES OF CONCENTRATED LITHIUM-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS
OF CONCENTRATED LITHIUM-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS Y. Nakamura, M. Niibe and M . Shimoji Deparhent o f Chemistry, FaeuZty o in liquid ammonia show very interesting properties with varying metal concentration; from electrolytic results of the Knight shift, KLi, and the spin-lattice relaxation tine, T1, of 7 ~ i in the lithium
Mixed quantum/classical investigation of the photodissociation of NH3,,A~ ... and a practical method for maintaining zero-point energy
with a classical mechanical treatment of nuclear motion on coupled potential-energy surfaces. Whereas older mixedMixed quantum/classical investigation of the photodissociation of NH3,,A~ ... and a practical method for maintaining zero-point energy in classical trajectories David Bonhommeaua and Donald G
Truhlar, Donald G
Detailed modeling and laser-induced fluorescence imaging of nitric oxide in a NH3-seeded non-premixed methane/air flame
non-premixed methane/air flame John B. Bell, Marcus S. Day, Joseph F. Grcar Computing Sciences-induced fluorescence imaging of nitric oxide in a NH3-seeded non-premixed methane/air flame Abstract In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded
Bell, John B.
Structure-Activity Relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as Probed by Reaction Kinetics and EPR Studies
Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with various Cu loadings were prepared via solution ion exchange. The hydrated samples were studied with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Cu2+ ion coordination numbers were obtained by analyzing the hyperfine structures while Cu-Cu distances were estimated from line broadening of the EPR features. By coupling EPR and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) results, two Cu2+ ion locations were suggested. Standard and fast NH3-SCR, as well as non-selective NH3 oxidation reactions were carried out over these catalysts at high space velocities. For the SCR reaction, intra-particle diffusion limitation was found throughout the reaction temperatures investigated. Although clear structure-activity relationships cannot be derived, the reaction results allow for reactant diffusivities and Cu2+ ion locations to be estimated. The slower NH3 oxidation reaction, on the other hand, is kinetically limited at low temperatures, and, therefore, allows for a correlation between Cu2+ ion location and reaction kinetics to be made. Furthermore, the dynamic Cu2+ ion motion as a function of temperature could also be derived from the NH3 oxidation kinetics.
Gao, Feng; Walter, Eric D.; Karp, Eric M.; Luo, Jin-Yong; Tonkyn, Russell G.; Kwak, Ja Hun; Szanyi, Janos; Peden, Charles HF
Phase Transformations of the Ternary System (NH4)2SO4-H2SO4-H2O and the Implications for Cirrus Cloud Formation
the presence of NH4 + ions in the aerosol of the upper troposphere. Low-temperature ternary phase diagrams distribution alters the cloud's radiative properties, persistence, and surface area available for heterogeneous radiation, which insulates or warms Earth, and scattering the sun's visible radiation upward, thus cooling
Molybdenum-based additives to mixed-metal oxides for use in hot gas cleanup sorbents for the catalytic decomposition of ammonia in coal gases
This invention relates to additives to mixed-metal oxides that act simultaneously as sorbents and catalysts in cleanup systems for hot coal gases. Such additives of this type, generally, act as a sorbent to remove sulfur from the coal gases while substantially simultaneously, catalytically decomposing appreciable amounts of ammonia from the coal gases.
Ayala, Raul E. (Clifton Park, NY)
Effects of constraints in general branched molecules: A quantitative ab initio study in HCO-L-Ala-NH2
A general approach to the design of accurate classical potentials for protein folding is described. It includes the introduction of a meaningful statistical measure of the differences between approximations of the same potential energy, the definition of a set of Systematic and Approximately Separable and Modular Internal Coordinates (SASMIC), much convenient for the simulation of general branched molecules, and the imposition of constraints on the most rapidly oscillating degrees of freedom. All these tools are used to study the effects of constraints in the Conformational Equilibrium Distribution (CED) of the model dipeptide HCO-L-Ala-NH2. We use ab initio Quantum Mechanics calculations including electron correlation at the MP2 level to describe the system, and we measure the conformational dependence of the correcting terms to the naive CED based in the Potential Energy Surface (PES) without any simplifying assumption. These terms are related to mass-metric tensors determinants and also occur in the Fixman's compensating potential. We show that some of the corrections are non-negligible if one is interested in the whole Ramachandran space. On the other hand, if only the energetically lower region, containing the principal secondary structure elements, is assumed to be relevant, then, all correcting terms may be neglected up to peptides of considerable length. This is the first time, as far as we know, that the analysis of the conformational dependence of these correcting terms is performed in a relevant biomolecule with a realistic potential energy function.
Pablo Echenique; J. L. Alonso; Ivan Calvo
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonium ion transport Sample Search Results
non-commercial research Summary: gaseous ammonia (NH3) which through chemical reaction in rainwater changes into ammonium ion (NH4... a means for the formation of ammonium ion (NH4...
Ion-exchanged pillared clays: A new class of catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by hydrocarbons and by ammonia
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH{sub 3} is presently performed with vanadia-based catalysts for flue gas applications. Hydrocarbons would be the preferred reducing agents over NH{sub 3} because of the practical problems associated with the use of NH{sub 3} (i.e., handling and slippage through the reactor). SCR of NO by hydrocarbons can also find important applications for lean-burn (i.e., O{sub 2}-rich) gasoline and diesel engines where the noble-metal three-way catalysts are not effective in the presence of excess oxygen. Pillared interlayered clays (PILCs) have been studied extensively for a number of catalyzed reactions. We have found high activities of PILCs for SCR of NO by NH{sub 3} (26.28). Pillared clays have considerable Bronsted acidity (27, 28), and the protons can be exchanged with metal cations. The Bronsted acidity of TiO{sub 2}-PILC, in particular, remains high after heat treatment at temperatures as high as 400{degrees}C (27-29). In this note, we report first results on the activities of cation-exchanged pillared clays for SCR of NO by both hydrocarbon and NH{sub 3}. 37 refs., 3 figs.
Frequency stabilization of 1. 5-. mu. m InGaAsP distributed feedback laser to NH/sub 3/ absorption lines
NH/sub 3/ absorption lines due to vibration-rotation transitions are observed at 1.50--1.54 ..mu..m by using an InGaAsP superluminescent diode. A 1.5-..mu..m InGaAsP distributed feedback (DFB) laser is frequency stabilized to an NH/sub 3/ linear absorption line at 15196 A. Frequency stability of sigma(2,tau) = 8 x 10/sup -11/tau/sup -1/ is achieved for an averaging time range of 10 ms< or =tau< or =1 s. Such an absolute frequency-stabilized DFB laser is useful for coherent optical system applications, since it is free from the longitudinal mode jumping which results from a wide range of temperature changes and long-term device degradation.
Yanagawa, T.; Saito, S.; Yamamoto, Y.
Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part I. Regeneration of Amine-Carboxylic Acid Extracts
Two novel regenerated solvent extraction processes are examined. The first process has the potential to reduce the energy costs inherent in the recovery of low-volatility carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. The second process has the potential for reducing the energy costs required for separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases (e.g. CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S) from industrial sour waters. The recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution can be achieved by extraction with tertiary amines. An approach for regeneration and product recovery from such extracts is to back-extract the carboxylic acid with a water-soluble, volatile tertiary amine, such as trimethylamine. The resulting trimethylammonium carboxylate solution can be concentrated and thermally decomposed, yielding the product acid and the volatile amine for recycle. Experimental work was performed with lactic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid. Equilibrium data show near-stoichiometric recovery of the carboxylic acids from an organic solution of Alamine 336 into aqueous solutions of trimethylamine. For fumaric and succinic acids, partial evaporation of the aqueous back extract decomposes the carboxylate and yields the acid product in crystalline form. The decomposition of aqueous solutions of trimethylammonium lactates was not carried out to completion, due to the high water solubility of lactic acid and the tendency of the acid to self-associate. The separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases from sour waters can be achieved by combining steam-stripping of the acid gases with simultaneous removal of ammonia by extraction with a liquid cation exchanger. The use of di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid as the liquid cation exchanger is explored in this work. Batch extraction experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium distribution ratio of ammonia between an aqueous buffer solution and an organic solution of the phosphinic acid (0.2N) in Norpar 12. The concentration-based distribution ratios increase from 0.11 to 0.46 as the aqueous phase pH increases from 7.18 to 8.15. Regeneration of the organic extractant solution was carried out by stripping at elevated temperatures to remove the ammonia, with 99% recovery of the ammonia being obtained at 125 C.
Iron oxide and chromia supported on titania-pillared clay for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia
TiO{sub 2}-pillard clay (PILC) with high surface area, large pore volume, and large interlayer spacing was used as the support for mixed Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} as the catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH{sub 3}. The Fe/Cr ratio was varied at a fixed total amount of oxide dopant of 10% (wt). The Fe-Cr/TiO{sub 2}-PILC with Fe/Cr=3 showed the highest activity. Compared with commercial V{sub 2}O{sub 5}/TiO{sub 2} catalysts, the activity (on a per gram basis) of the doped pillared clay was approximately twice as high under H{sub 2}O- and SO{sub 2}-free conditions and was approximately 40% higher under conditions with H{sub 2}O and SO{sub 2}. In addition, its activity for SO{sub 2} oxidation was only 20%-25% of that of the V{sub 2}O{sub 5}-based catalysts. TPD of NH{sub 3} on the Fe-Cr/TiO{sub 2}-PILC catalyst showed that both M=O and M-OH (M=Fe or Cr) were necessary for the SCR reaction. In situ IR spectra of NH{sub 3} showed that there was a higher Bronsted acidity than the Lewis acidity on the surface under reaction conditions and that there existed a direct correlation between the SCR activity and the Bronsted acidity among pillared clays with different Fe/Cr ratios. These results, along with the transient response to O{sub 2}, indicated that a similar mechanism to that on the V{sub 2}O{sub 5} catalyst was operative. The TiO{sub 2}-pillared clay used as the support also contributed to the high activity of the Fe-Cr catalyst. The TiO{sub 2} pillars combined with the tetrahedral SiO{sub 2} surfaces of the clay apparently gave rise to a high dispersion of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. 52 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.
Cheng, L.S.; Yang, R.T. [State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY (United States)] [State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY (United States); Ning Chen [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
THE c2d SPITZER SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF ICES AROUND LOW-MASS YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS. IV. NH{sub 3} AND CH{sub 3}OH
NH{sub 3} and CH{sub 3}OH are key molecules in astrochemical networks leading to the formation of more complex N- and O-bearing molecules, such as CH{sub 3}CN and CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}. Despite a number of recent studies, little is known about their abundances in the solid state. This is particularly the case for low-mass protostars, for which only the launch of the Spitzer Space Telescope has permitted high-sensitivity observations of the ices around these objects. In this work, we investigate the {approx}8-10 {mu}m region in the Spitzer IRS (InfraRed Spectrograph) spectra of 41 low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs). These data are part of a survey of interstellar ices in a sample of low-mass YSOs studied in earlier papers in this series. We used both an empirical and a local continuum method to correct for the contribution from the 10 {mu}m silicate absorption in the recorded spectra. In addition, we conducted a systematic laboratory study of NH{sub 3}- and CH{sub 3}OH-containing ices to help interpret the astronomical spectra. We clearly detect a feature at {approx}9 {mu}m in 24 low-mass YSOs. Within the uncertainty in continuum determination, we identify this feature with the NH{sub 3} {nu}{sub 2} umbrella mode and derive abundances with respect to water between {approx}2% and 15%. Simultaneously, we also revisited the case of CH{sub 3}OH ice by studying the {nu}{sub 4} C-O stretch mode of this molecule at {approx}9.7 {mu}m in 16 objects, yielding abundances consistent with those derived by Boogert et al. based on a simultaneous 9.75 and 3.53 {mu}m data analysis. Our study indicates that NH{sub 3} is present primarily in H{sub 2}O-rich ices, but that in some cases, such ices are insufficient to explain the observed narrow FWHM. The laboratory data point to CH{sub 3}OH being in an almost pure methanol ice, or mixed mainly with CO or CO{sub 2}, consistent with its formation through hydrogenation on grains. Finally, we use our derived NH{sub 3} abundances in combination with previously published abundances of other solid N-bearing species to find that up to 10%-20% of nitrogen is locked up in known ices.
Bottinelli, Sandrine; Van Dishoeck, Ewine F.; Lahuis, Fred [Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands); Boogert, A. C. Adwin [IPAC, NASA Herschel Science Center, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Bouwman, Jordy; Beckwith, Martha; Oeberg, Karin I.; Linnartz, Harold [Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden (Netherlands); Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Blake, Geoffrey A. [California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Evans, Neal J., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712-0259 (United States)
Sorption of carboxylic acid from carboxylic salt solutions at pHs close to or above the pK[sub a] of the acid, with regeneration with an aqueous solution of ammonia or low-molecular-weight alkylamine
Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks at pHs close to or above the acids' pH[sub a] into a strongly basic organic liquid phase or onto a basic solid adsorbent or moderately basic ion exchange resin. The acids are freed from the sorbent phase by treating it with aqueous alkylamine or ammonia thus forming an alkylammonium or ammonium carboxylate which dewatered and decomposed to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine or ammonia. 8 figs.
King, C.J.; Tung, L.A.
Heteroepitaxial growth of GaN/Si (111) junctions in ammonia-free atmosphere: Charge transport, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties
We report the catalyst-free growth of gallium nitride (GaN) nanostructures on n-Si (111) substrates using physical vapor deposition via thermal evaporation of GaN powder at 1150 Degree-Sign C in the absence of NH{sub 3} gas. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis indicate that the growth rate of GaN nanostructures varies with deposition time. Photoluminescence spectra showed the suppression of the UV emission and the enhancement of the visible band emission with increasing the deposition time. The fabricated GaN nanostructures exhibited p-type behavior at the GaN/Si interface, which can be related to the diffusion of Ga into the Si substrate. The obtained lowest reflection and highest transmittance over a wide wavelength range (450-750 nm) indicate the high quality of the fabricated GaN films. Hall-effect measurements showed that all fabricated films have p-type behavior with decreasing electron concentration from 10{sup 21} to 10{sup 12} cm{sup -3} and increasing the electron mobility from 50 to 225 cm{sup 2}/V s with increasing the growth time. The fabricated solar cell based on the 1 h-deposited GaN nanostructures on n-Si (111) substrate showed a well-defined rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio larger than 8.32 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 3} in dark. Upon illumination (30 mW/cm{sup 2}), the 1 h-deposited heterojunction solar cell device showed a conversion efficiency of 5.78%. The growth of GaN in the absence of NH{sub 3} gas has strong effect on the morphological, optical, and electrical properties and consequently on the efficiency of the solar cell devices made of such layers.
Saron, K. M. A.; Hashim, M. R. [Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 (Malaysia); Allam, Nageh K. [Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835 (Egypt)
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with ammonia over vanadia-based and pillared interlayer clay-based catalysts
% and NH3 > 87%) about 50�C. An increase in heating area decreased the reaction temperature of the maximum NO reduction from 350 to 300�C, and caused the active reaction temperature window (between 250 and 400�C) to shift toward 50�C lower reaction...
Oh, Hyuk Jin
Catalytic activity of oxidized (combusted) oil shale for removal of nitrogen oxides with ammonia as a reductant in combustion gas streams, Part 2
Oxidized oil shale from the combustor in the LLNL Hot-Recycled-Solids (HRS) oil shale retorting process has been found to be a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from laboratory gas streams using NH{sub 3} as a reductant. Oxidized Green River oil shale heated at 10{degree}C/min in an Ar/O{sub 2}/NO/NH{sub 3} mixture ({approximately}93%/6%/2000 ppM/4000 ppM) with a gas residence time of {approximately}0.6 sec removed NO between 250 and 500{degree}C, with maximum removal of 70% at {approximately}400{degree}C. Under isothermal conditions with the same gas mixture, the maximum NO removal was {approximately}64%. When CO{sub 2} was added to the gas mixture at {approximately}8%, the NO removal dropped to {approximately}50%. However, increasing the gas residence time to {approximately}1.2 sec, increased NO removal to 63%. Nitrogen balances of these experiments suggest selective catalytic reduction of NO is occurring using NH{sub 3} as the reductant. These results are not based on completely optimized process conditions, but indicate oxidized oil shale is an effective catalyst for NO removal from combustion gas streams using NH{sub 3} as the reductant. Parameters calculated for implementing oxidized oil shale for NO{sub x} remediation on the current HRS retort indicate an abatement device is practical to construct.
Reynolds, J.G.; Taylor, R.W.; Morris, C.J.
Oxidized oil shale from the combustor in the LLNL Hot-Recycled-Solids (HRS) oil shale retorting process has been found to be a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from laboratory gas streams using NH[sub 3] as a reductant. Oxidized Green River oil shale heated at 10[degree]C/min in an Ar/O[sub 2]/NO/NH[sub 3] mixture ([approximately]93%/6%/2000 ppM/4000 ppM) with a gas residence time of [approximately]0.6 sec removed NO between 250 and 500[degree]C, with maximum removal of 70% at [approximately]400[degree]C. Under isothermal conditions with the same gas mixture, the maximum NO removal was [approximately]64%. When CO[sub 2] was added to the gas mixture at [approximately]8%, the NO removal dropped to [approximately]50%. However, increasing the gas residence time to [approximately]1.2 sec, increased NO removal to 63%. Nitrogen balances of these experiments suggest selective catalytic reduction of NO is occurring using NH[sub 3] as the reductant. These results are not based on completely optimized process conditions, but indicate oxidized oil shale is an effective catalyst for NO removal from combustion gas streams using NH[sub 3] as the reductant. Parameters calculated for implementing oxidized oil shale for NO[sub x] remediation on the current HRS retort indicate an abatement device is practical to construct.
This book describes the responsibilities of show personnel and outlines the job descriptions of various positions for the NH 4-H State Horse Show (or any other 4-H horse show).
of various positions for the NH 4-H State Horse Show (or any other 4-H horse show). June 2013 #12;Table of Contents Organizing a 4-H Horse Show ........................................................................................... 1 State 4-H Horse Show Philosophy................................................................ 1
Regulatory Safety Issues in the Structural Design Criteria of ASME Section III Subsection NH and for Very High Temperatures for VHTR & GEN IV
The objective of this task is to identify issues relevant to ASME Section III, Subsection NH [1], and related Code Cases that must be resolved for licensing purposes for VHTGRs (Very High Temperature Gas Reactor concepts such as those of PBMR, Areva, and GA); and to identify the material models, design criteria, and analysis methods that need to be added to the ASME Code to cover the unresolved safety issues. Subsection NH was originally developed to provide structural design criteria and limits for elevated-temperature design of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) systems and some gas-cooled systems. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and its Advisory Committee for Reactor Safeguards (ACRS) reviewed the design limits and procedures in the process of reviewing the Clinch River Breeder Reactor (CRBR) for a construction permit in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and identified issues that needed resolution. In the years since then, the NRC and various contractors have evaluated the applicability of the ASME Code and Code Cases to high-temperature reactor designs such as the VHTGRs, and identified issues that need to be resolved to provide a regulatory basis for licensing. This Report describes: (1) NRC and ACRS safety concerns raised during the licensing process of CRBR , (2) how some of these issues are addressed by the current Subsection NH of the ASME Code; and (3) the material models, design criteria, and analysis methods that need to be added to the ASME Code and Code Cases to cover unresolved regulatory issues for very high temperature service.
William J. O�Donnell; Donald S. Griffin
Frequency stabilization of an InGaAsP distributed feedback laser to an NH/sub 3/ absorption line at 15137 A with an external frequency modulator
The oscillation frequency of a 1.5-..mu..m InGaAsP distributed feedback laser is stabilized to an NH/sub 3/ linear absorption line at 15137 A. A LiNbO/sub 3/ external frequency modulator is used instead of direct frequency modulation of the laser to extract error signals. An effective bandwidth of 100 kHz for the feedback loop is obtained through this external modulation scheme. Frequency stability of sigma(2,tau) = 4 x 10/sup -11/ is achieved for an averaging time of 1 s< or =tau< or =100 s.
Yanagawa, T.; Saito, S.; Machida, S.; Yamamoto, Y.; Noguchi, Y.
Gapless Spin Liquid Ground State in the S 1=2 Vanadium Oxyfluoride Kagome Antiferromagnet NH42C7H14NV7O6F18
7H14N½V7O6F18 L. Clark,1 J. C. Orain,2 F. Bert,2 M. A. De Vries,1 F. H. Aidoudi,3 R. E. Morris,3 P, France (Received 12 February 2013; published 16 May 2013) The vanadium oxyfluoride ½NH42½C7H14N½V7O6F1842½C7H14N½V7O6F18 [dia- mmonium quinuclidinium vanadium(III,IV) oxyfluoride; DQVOF] [15
Paris-Sud 11, Université de
Critical properties at the field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation on NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2
We report new magnetization measurements on the spin-gap compound NiCl{sub 2}-4SC(NH{sub 2}){sub 2} at the low-field boundary of the magnetic field induced ordering. The critical density of the magnetization is analyzed in terms of a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of bosonic quasiparticles. The analysis of the magnetization at the transition leads to the conclusion for the preservation of the U(1) symmetry, as required for BEC. The experimental data are well described by quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
Sengupta, Pinaki [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Al-hassenieh, Khaled A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jaime, Macelo [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Paduan-filho, Armando [Los Alamos National Laboratory
anhydrous transcurium halides: Topics by E-print Network
of metal halide lamps are investigated, including acoustic resonance, spectral energy, and luminous efficacy. To operate metal halide lamps at intended conditions, (more)...
anhydrous hydrogen fluoride: Topics by E-print Network
effect of Hydrogen Booster System on exhaust gases emissions of an internal combustion engine. The hydrogen booster produces hydrogen and oxygen using six water fuel cells and...
anhydrous hydrogen peroxide: Topics by E-print Network
with diesel. Main focus of this research is to investigate the performance of diesel engine by injecting hydrogen peroxide as blends with diesel at 2%, 5% and 10 %...
anhydrous interplanetary dust: Topics by E-print Network
J. A. M. McDonnell; Kalle Bunte; Hakan Svedhem; Gerhard Drolshagen 2006-09-13 3 Fractal Signatures in Analogs of Interplanetary Dust Particles CERN Preprints Summary:...
Catalytic activity of oxidized (combusted) oil shale for removal of nitrogen oxides with ammonia as a reductant in combustion gas streams, Part 1
Oxidized oil shale from the combustor in the LLNL hot recycle solids oil shale retorting process has been studied as a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from laboratory gas streams using NH{sub 3} as areductant. Combusted Green River oil shale heated at 10{degrees}C/min in an Ar/O{sub 2}/NO/NH{sub 3} mixture ({approximately}93%/6%/2000 ppm/4000 ppm) with a gas residence time of {approximately}0.6 sec exhibited NO removal between 250 and 500{degrees}C, with maximum removal of 70% at {approximately}400{degrees}C. Under isothermal conditions with the same gas mixture, the maximum NO removal was found to be {approximately}64%. When CO{sub 2} was added to the gas mixture at {approximately}8%, the NO removal dropped to {approximately}50%. However, increasing the gas residence time to {approximately}1.2 sec, increased NO removal to 63%. These results are not based on optimized process conditions, but indicate oxidized (combusted) oil shale is an effective catalyst for NO removal from combustion gas streams using NH{sub 3} as the reductant.
A comparison of the catalytic effect of anhydrous ferric chloride and anhydrous aluminum chloride in Friedel and Crafts reactions
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Weddell, William MacNelley
METALLICITIES, DUST, AND MOLECULAR CONTENT OF A QSO-DAMPED Ly{alpha} SYSTEM REACHING log N(H I) = 22: AN ANALOG TO GRB-DLAs
We present the elemental abundance and H{sub 2} content measurements of a damped Ly{alpha} (DLA) system with an extremely large H I column density, log N(H I) (cm{sup -2}) = 22.0 {+-} 0.10, at z{sub abs} = 3.287 toward the QSO SDSS J081634+144612. We measure column densities of H{sub 2}, C I, C I*, Zn II, Fe II, Cr II, Ni II, and Si II from a high signal-to-noise and high spectral resolution VLT-UVES spectrum. The overall metallicity of the system is [Zn/H] = -1.10 {+-} 0.10 relative to solar. Two molecular hydrogen absorption components are seen at z = 3.28667 and 3.28742 (a velocity separation of Almost-Equal-To 52 km s{sup -1}) in rotational levels up to J = 3. We derive a total H{sub 2} column density of log N(H{sub 2}) (cm{sup -2}) = 18.66 and a mean molecular fraction of f = 2N(H{sub 2})/[2N(H{sub 2}) + N(H I)] = 10{sup -3.04{+-}0.37}, typical of known H{sub 2}-bearing DLA systems. From the observed abundance ratios we conclude that dust is present in the interstellar medium of this galaxy, with an enhanced abundance in the H{sub 2}-bearing clouds. However, the total amount of dust along the line of sight is not large and does not produce any significant reddening of the background QSO. The physical conditions in the H{sub 2}-bearing clouds are constrained directly from the column densities of H{sub 2} in different rotational levels, C I and C I*. The kinetic temperature is found to be T Almost-Equal-To 75 K and the particle density lies in the range n{sub H} = 50-80 cm{sup -3}. The neutral hydrogen column density of this DLA is similar to the mean H I column density of DLAs observed at the redshift of {gamma}-ray bursts (GRBs). We explore the relationship between GRB-DLAs and the high column density end of QSO-DLAs finding that the properties (metallicity and depletion) of DLAs with log N(H I) > 21.5 in the two populations do not appear to be significantly different.
Guimaraes, R. [Programa de Modelagem Computacional-SENAI-Cimatec, 41650-010 Salvador, Bahia (Brazil); Noterdaeme, P.; Petitjean, P. [UPMC-CNRS, UMR7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Blvd. Arago, F-75014 Paris (France); Ledoux, C. [European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago 19 (Chile); Srianand, R.; Rahmani, H. [Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007 (India); Lopez, S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile)
Crystal structure and electric properties of the organic�inorganic hybrid: [(CH{sub 2}){sub 6}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]ZnCl{sub 4}
The new organic-inorganic hybrid [(CH{sub 2}){sub 6}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]ZnCl{sub 4}, M{sub r}=325.406 crystallized in a triclinic, P1�, a=7.2816 (5) �, b=10.0996 (7) �, c=10.0972 (7) �, ?=74.368 (4)�, ?=88.046 (4)�, ?=85.974 (3)�, V=713.24 (9) �{sup 3} and Z=2, D{sub x}=1.486 Mg m{sup ?3}. Differential thermal scanning and x-ray powder diffraction, permittivity and ac conductivity indicated three phase transitions. Conduction takes place via correlated barrier hopping. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted.
Mostafa, M.F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; El-khiyami, S.S.
Tiu Ch Chn La D n Khi Phc Sm Vo ngy 21 thng 4 nm 2011, cc y Vin nh Gi Tn Hi
con ngi bng cách khôi phc, phc hi môi trng sng, thay th, hoc thu gom mt lng tng ng vi ngun tài nguyên thiên nhiên có cht lng, giá tr sinh thái hoc dân dng tng ng n bù các tài nguyên và dch v b tn hi t s c, nhng vn c chp nhn và hu ích giúp sàng lc mt s lng ln các d án có tim nng. Không mt yu t nào c s dng nh
Polyaniline Nanothin Film Chemiresistive Gas Sensors
for monitoring ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Analytica ChimicaNH 3 ) [2], nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) [3], hydrogen (H 2 ) [work include ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, carbon
Srinives, Sira
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonium compounds efecto Sample Search...
United States Konarik Stephen... gaseous ammonia (NH3) which through chemical reaction in rainwater changes into ammonium ion ... Source: Aneja, Viney P. - Department of Marine,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ammonium compounds Sample Search Results
On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions including Ammonia, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Don Stedman, Gary Bishop, Allison Peddle, University of Denver Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Denver CO 80208. www.feat.biochem.du.edu
On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions including Ammonia, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Don Stedman Nitrogen dioxide: Less than 5% of the NOx BUT with an outstanding peak for the 2007 MY in Fresno 0. Nitrogen dioxide: less than 5% of NOx except the Fresno fleet containing the 2007 Sprinter ambulances. #12;
Synthesis of nanostructured materials in supercritical ammonia: nitrides, metals and oxides Desmoulins-Krawiec S., Aymonier C., Loppinet-Serani A., Weill F., Grosse S., Etourneau J., Cansell F.
N in supercritical cryogenic nitrogen by self-propagating-high- temperature synthesis (6.21 MPa, 141 °C);19 (ii) GaSynthesis of nanostructured materials in supercritical ammonia: nitrides, metals and oxides. Abstract : In this study, the synthesis of nanostructured particles of nitrides (Cr2N, Co2N, Fe4N, Cu3N, Ni
Experimental and Theoretical EPR Study of Jahn?Teller-Active [HIPTN[subscript 3]N]MoL Complexes (L = N[subscript 2], CO, NH[subscript 3])
The trigonally symmetric Mo(III) coordination compounds [HIPTN[subscript 3]N]MoL (L = N[subscript 2], CO, NH[subscript 3]; [HIPTN3N]Mo = [(3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr[subscript 3]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 2])[subscript 2]C[subscript ...
McNaughton, Rebecca L.
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams
An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule has been developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw ultraviolet radiation is produced by sum-frequency-mixing of 532-nm radiation from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and tunable 395-nm radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The sum-frequency-mixing process occurs in a beta-barium borate crystal. The nitric oxide absorption measurements are performed by tuning the ECDL and scanning the sum-frequency-mixed radiation over strong nitric oxide absorption lines near 226 nm. In Year 1 of the research, the nitric oxide sensor was used for measurements in the exhaust of a coal-fired laboratory combustion facility. The Texas A&M University boiler burner facility is a 30 kW (100,000 Btu/hr) downward-fired furnace with a steel shell encasing ceramic insulation. Measurements of nitric oxide concentration in the exhaust stream were performed after modification of the facility for laser based NOx diagnostics. The diode-laser-based ultraviolet absorption measurements were successful even when the beam was severely attenuated by particulate in the exhaust stream and window fouling. Single-laser-sweep measurements were demonstrated with an effective time resolution of 100 msec, limited at this time by the scan rate of our mechanically tuned ECDL system. In Year 2, the Toptica ECDL in the original system was replaced with a Sacher Lasers ECDL. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Toptica ECDL were 25 GHz and a few Hz, respectively. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Sacher Lasers ECDL were 90 GHz and a few hundred Hz, respectively. The Sacher Lasers ECDL thus allows us to scan over the entire NO absorption line and to determine the absorption baseline with increased accuracy and precision. The increased tuning rate is an advantage in that data can be acquired much more rapidly and the absorption measurements are less susceptible to the effects of transient fluctuations in the properties of the coal combustor exhaust stream. Gas cell measurements were performed using the NO sensor with the new ECDL, and a few spectra were acquired from the coal exhaust stream. However, the laser diode in the new ECDL failed during the coal combustor tests. In Year 3, however, we obtained a new GaN laser diode for our ECDL system, installed it, and completed an extensive series of measurements in the Texas A&M coal-fired laboratory combustion facility. The combustor was operated with coal and coal/biomass as fuels, with and without reburn, and with and without ammonia injection. Several different fuel equivalence ratios were investigated for each operating condition. A series of spectral simulations was performed using the HITRAN code to investigate the potential sensitivity of absorption measurements of ammonia in different spectral regions. It was concluded that ammonia absorption features in the 3000-nm spectral region would be hard to measure due to water vapor interferences. We will concentrate on the spectral region near 1530 nm, where other researchers have had some success in measuring ammonia.
Jerald A. Caton; Kalyan Annamalai; Robert P. Lucht
Dilution effects in the dynamics of ammonia oxidation on platinum with an inert or a product species in the feed mixture
In most experiments, the autothermal catalyst temperature was monitored, i.e., the temperature resulting from the combined effects of heat dissipation to the environment and heat generation by reaction. The results of these experiments have revealed stable steady states, sustained periodic oscillations and nonperiodic states. An excess of nitrogen in the feed gas stream leads to simpler single-peaked catalyst temperature oscillations of increasing periods of time - up to 5 min. Small amounts of water vapor produced nonperiodic states at all times. These factors indicate that an interplay of heat and mass transfer, convection, and a heterogeneous mechanism is the cause of the phenomena observed during the oxidation of ammonia by air on platinum, at atmospheric pressure. Catalyst memory may also contribute to these phenomena. 25 references, 4 figures.
Takoudis, C.G.; Schmidt, L.D.
A low-temperature process for the denitration of Hanford single-shell tank, nitrate-based waste utilizing the nitrate to ammonia and ceramic (NAC) process
Bench-top feasibility studies with Hanford single-shell tank (SST) simulants, using a new, low-temperature (50 to 60C) process for converting nitrate to ammonia and ceramic (NAC), have conclusively shown that between 85 to 99% of the nitrate can be readily converted. In this process, aluminum powders or shot can be used to convert alkaline, nitrate-based supernate to ammonia and an aluminum oxide-sodium aluminate-based solid which might function as its own waste form. The process may actually be able to utilize already contaminated aluminum scrap metal from various DOE sites to effect the conversion. The final, nearly nitrate-free ceramic-like product can be pressed and sintered like other ceramics. Based upon the starting volumes of 6.2 and 3.1 M sodium nitrate solution, volume reductions of 50 to 55% were obtained for the waste form produced, compared to an expected 35 to 50% volume increase if the Hanford supernate were grouted. Engineering data extracted from bench-top studies indicate that the process will be very economical to operate, and data were used to cost a batch, 1,200-kg NO{sub 3}/h plant for working off Hanford SST waste over 20 years. Their total process cost analysis presented in the appendix, indicates that between $2.01 to 2.66 per kilogram of nitrate converted will be required. Additionally, data on the fate of select radioelements present in solution are presented in this report as well as kinetic, operational, and control data for a number of experiments. Additionally, if the ceramic product functions as its own waste form, it too will offer other cost savings associated with having a smaller volume of waste form as well as eliminating other process steps such as grouting.
Mattus, A.J.; Lee, D.D.; Dillow, T.A.; Farr, L.L.; Loghry, S.L.; Pitt, W.W.; Gibson, M.R.
Application of x-ray tomography to optimization of new NOx/NH3 mixed potential sensors for vehicle on-board emissions control
Mixed potential sensors for the detection of hydrocarbons, NO{sub x}, and NH{sub 3} have been previously developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The LANL sensors have a unique design incorporating dense ceramic-pelletlmetal-wire electrodes and porous electrolytes. The performance of current-biased sensors using an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and platinum and La{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}CrO{sub 3} electrodes is reported. X-ray tomography has been applied to non-destructively examine internal structures of these sensors. NO{sub x} and hydrocarbon response of the sensors under various bias conditions is reported, and very little NO{sub x} response hysteresis was observed. The application of a 0.6 {mu}A bias to these sensors shifts the response from a hydrocarbon response to a NO{sub x} response equal for both NO and NO{sub 2} species at approximately 500 {sup o}C in air.
Nelson, Mark A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brosha, Eric L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mukundan, Rangachary [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Garzon, Fernando H [Los Alamos National Laboratory
LOW-TEMPERATURE ION TRAP STUDIES OF N{sup +}({sup 3} P{sub ja} ) + H{sub 2}(j) {yields} NH{sup +} + H
Using a low-temperature 22-pole ion trap apparatus, detailed measurements for the title reaction have been performed between 10 K and 100 K in order to get some state specific information about this fundamental hydrogen abstraction process. The relative population of the two lowest H{sub 2} rotational states, j = 0 and 1, has been varied systematically. NH{sup +} formation is nearly thermo-neutral; however, to date, the energetics are not known with the accuracy required for low-temperature astrochemistry. Additional complications arise from the fact that, so far, there is no reliable theoretical or experimental information on how the reactivity of the N{sup +} ion depends on its fine-structure (FS) state {sup 3} P{sub ja} . Since in the present trapping experiment, thermalization of the initially hot FS population competes with hydrogen abstraction, the evaluation of the decay of N{sup +} ions over long storage times and at various He and H{sub 2} gas densities provides information on these processes. First assuming strict adiabatic behavior, a set of state specific rate coefficients is derived from the measured thermal rate coefficients. In addition, by recording the disappearance of the N{sup +} ions over several orders of magnitude, information on nonadiabatic transitions is extracted including FS-changing collisions.
Zymak, I.; Hejduk, M.; Mulin, D.; Plasil, R.; Glosik, J.; Gerlich, D. [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic)
A photoemission study of Au, Ge, and O{sub 2} deposition on NH{sub 4}F etched Si(111)
We have studied the interaction of a metal, Au, a semiconductor, Ge, and a non-metal, O{sub 2}, with the NH{sub 4}F etched Si(111) surface with photoemission spectroscopy. Two components were present in Si 2p core level spectra from the H-terminated surface. We observed the flat band condition from the as-etched, n-type, Si(111) surface. We performed stepwise depositions of Au and measured the band bending with photoemission spectroscopy. The Fermi level pinned near mid-gap as Au was deposited onto the as-etched surface. After the deposition of 1 ML of Au, a Au-silicide layer formed. This interfacial component indicated that the passivating H layer was compromised. As the Au coverage was increased, layers of pure Au formed between the bulk silicon and the Au-silicide layer. The observed behavior was nearly identical to that of Au deposition on the Si(111) 7 {times} 7 surface. Next, we tested the ability of the monohydride layer to sustain surfactant assisted growth of Ge. Ge islanding was observed at 400{degree}C indicating that good surfactant growth was not obtained. Although the monohydride layer was not a good surfactant for the Si(111) surface at this temperature, further study at different temperatures is needed to determine the ability of the ideal monohydride layer to act as a surfactant. Finally, we observed no oxidation of the as-etched surface at room temperature upon exposure to molecular oxygen.
Terry, J.; Cao, R.; Wigren, C.; Pianetta, P.
The superionic phase transitions in (NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SeO{sub 4}){sub 2} under hydrostatic pressure up to 400?MPa
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on proton conductivity of (NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SeO{sub 4}){sub 2} superionic crystal was studied in a wide temperature range and different isobaric conditions by means of impedance spectroscopy method. The measurements were performed along the trigonal c axis of the crystal, i.e., along the direction perpendicular to the plane in which, in the superionic phases, a dynamically disordered H-bond network is formed. The obtained pressure-temperature phase diagram is linear with increasing pressure. The triple point, which is the point of coexistence of the three phases: ferroelastic phase IV, ferroelastic phase III, and superionic phase II was found at p?=?116.3?MPa and T?=?287.3?K. High pressure leads to increase in the temperature range of stability of both superionic phases and to a drastic decrease in the temperature width of the ferroelastic phase III. With increasing pressure, the range of the superionic phase II expands at the expense of the range of the ferroelastic phase III, which is unstable and vanishes at the triple point.
Lindner, ?.; Zdanowska-Fr?czek, M., E-mail: email@example.com; Paw?owski, A.; Fr?czek, Z. J. [Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, Pozna? 60-179 (Poland)
Metadata also available as Metadata: IdentificationInformation DataQualityInformation SpatialDataOrganizationInformation SpatialReferenceInformation EntityandAttributeI...
IMPROVED DETERMINATION OF THE 1{sub 0}-0{sub 0} ROTATIONAL FREQUENCY OF NH{sub 3}D{sup +} FROM THE HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM OF THE {nu}{sub 4} INFRARED BAND
The high-resolution spectrum of the {nu}{sub 4} band of NH{sub 3}D{sup +} has been measured by difference frequency IR laser spectroscopy in a multipass hollow cathode discharge cell. From the set of molecular constants obtained from the analysis of the spectrum, a value of 262817 {+-} 6 MHz ({+-}3{sigma}) has been derived for the frequency of the 1{sub 0}-0{sub 0} rotational transition. This value supports the assignment to NH{sub 3}D{sup +} of lines at 262816.7 MHz recorded in radio astronomy observations in Orion-IRc2 and the cold prestellar core B1-bS.
Domenech, J. L.; Cueto, M.; Herrero, V. J.; Tanarro, I. [Molecular Physics Department, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid (Spain); Tercero, B.; Cernicharo, J. [Department of Astrophysics, CAB, INTA-CSIC, Crta Torrejon-Ajalvir Km 4, E-28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid (Spain); Fuente, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Apdo. 112, E-28803 Alcala de Henares (Spain)
Synthesis of HA-Seeded TTCP (Ca4(PO4)2O) Powders at 12301C from Ca(CH3COO)2 . H2O and NH4H2PO4
Synthesis of HA-Seeded TTCP (Ca4(PO4)2O) Powders at 12301C from Ca(CH3COO)2 . H2O and NH4H2PO4 University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) Ca4(PO4)2O is one of the major powder- state process by soaking Ca- and P-containing precursors be- tween 13501 and 15001C. Such procedures
Tas, A. Cuneyt
Three sandglass-type molybdophosphates obtained via a new route: Synthesis and characterization of X{sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (X=Na{sup +}, K{sup +}, NH{sub 4}{sup +})
Three new polyoxometalates X{sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (X=Na{sup +}, 1; K{sup +}, 2; NH{sub 4}{sup +}, 3) have been synthesized with the classical Keggin and/or Dawson heteropolymolybdophosphates and PCl{sub 5} in acetonitrile-water solutions via hydrothermal treatment. The three compounds were characterized by different analyses including IR, {sup 31}P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrochemistry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Single crystal X-ray analyses were carried out on Na{sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (1) and (NH{sub 4}){sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (3). Compound 1 and 3 crystallize in the orthorhombic system. The structure of compound 2 was confirmed by the IR spectra and powder XRD. All the three compounds contain the same octamolybdophosphate polyoxoanion [PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}]{sup 7-}, which consists of two Mo{sub 4}O{sub 15} moieties linked by one central PO{sub 4} tetrahedron, leading to a remarkable sandglass-like structure. - Graphical Abstract: with the Keggin and/or Dawson heteropolymolybdophosphates and PCl{sub 5} in acetonitrile-water solutions via hydrothermal treatment, three new polyoxometalates X{sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (X=Na{sup +}, 1; K{sup +}, 2; NH{sub 4}{sup +}, 3) have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray analyses were carried out on Na{sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (1) and (NH{sub 4}){sub 7}[PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}] (3). All the three compounds contain the new sandglass-like structure [PMo{sub 8}O{sub 30}]{sup 7-}.
Bai Yanchun; Liu Liping; Yan Xingjuan; Chu Wei; Zhu Yingying; Song Yuting [Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Huang Rudan [Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China)], E-mail: email@example.com
Refinement of the crystal structure of the high-temperature phase G0 in (NH4)2WO2F4 (powder, x-ray, and neutron scattering)
The (NH4)2WO2F4 compound undergoes a series of phase transitions: G0 -> 201 K -> G1 -> 160 K -> G2, with a significant change in entropy ( S1 ~ Rln10 at the G0 -> G1 transition), which indicates significant orientational disordering in the G0 phase and the order disorder type of the phase transition. X-ray diffraction is used to identify the crystal structure of the G0 phase as rhombohedral (sp. gr. Cmcm, Z = 4), determine the lattice parameters and the positions of all atoms (except hydrogen), and show that [WO2F4]2 ions can form a superposition of dynamic and static orientational disorders in the anionic sublattice. A determination of the orientational position of [NH4]+ ions calls for the combined method of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering. Inelastic neutron scattering is used to determine the state of hindered rotation for ammonium ions in the G0 phase. Powder neutron diffraction shows that the orientational disorder of NH4 ions can adequately be described within the free rotation approximation.
Novak, D. M. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; Smirnov, Lev S [Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia; Kolesnikov, Alexander I [ORNL; Voronin, Vladimir [Institute of Metal Physics, Russia; Berger, I. F. [Institute of Metal Physics, Russia; Laptash, N. M. [Institute of Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia; Vasil'ev, N. M. [Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Flerov, I. N. [Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Thng 9, 2011 Xu t b n b i O ce of International A airs M i thng tin trong t ri ny u c trn m ng. c thng tin chi ti t v c p nh t, xin vui lng
Th�ng 9, 2011 Xu t b n b i O ce of International A airs M i th�ng tin trong t ri n�y u c� tr�n m ng. c� th�ng tin chi ti t v� c p nh t, xin vui l�ng tra c u t i website c a ch�ng t�i : httpTh�ng tin nhanh NTU, tr ng i h c t ng h p l n nh t v� l�u i nh t �i Loan, � th�ng b�o c�c chng tr�nh �o
Wu, Yih-Min
Low-temperature CVD of iron, cobalt, and nickel nitride thin films from bis[di(tert-butyl)amido]metal(II) precursors and ammonia
Thin films of late transition metal nitrides (where the metal is iron, cobalt, or nickel) are grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition from bis[di(tert-butyl)amido]metal(II) precursors and ammonia. These metal nitrides are known to have useful mechanical and magnetic properties, but there are few thin film growth techniques to produce them based on a single precursor family. The authors report the deposition of metal nitride thin films below 300?�C from three recently synthesized M[N(t-Bu){sub 2}]{sub 2} precursors, where M?=?Fe, Co, and Ni, with growth onset as low as room temperature. Metal-rich phases are obtained with constant nitrogen content from growth onset to 200?�C over a range of feedstock partial pressures. Carbon contamination in the films is minimal for iron and cobalt nitride, but similar to the nitrogen concentration for nickel nitride. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the incorporated nitrogen is present as metal nitride, even for films grown at the reaction onset temperature. Deposition rates of up to 18?nm/min are observed. The film morphologies, growth rates, and compositions are consistent with a gas-phase transamination reaction that produces precursor species with high sticking coefficients and low surface mobilities.
Cloud, Andrew N.; Abelson, John R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 Materials Science and Engineering Building, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801 (United States); Davis, Luke M.; Girolami, Gregory S., E-mail: email@example.com [School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801 (United States)
Process for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass
A process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and/or digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition, is described. The process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling. The process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the structural carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are used as animal feeds and energy sources for ethanol production.
Dale, Bruce E.; Lynd, Lee R.; Laser, Mark
Dale, Bruce E.
Protein extraction in the refinement of Coastal Bermudagrass
, phosphoric acid, gaseous hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ammonia and ethylendiamine (Chang et aL, 1981; Wylie and Steen, 1988). Also the use of organic solvents such as hexane or cadoxen ([Cd(ethylendiamine)3](OH)2, cadmium ethylendiamine) (Ladisch et al... and lignin. Integrated conversion of the entire "barrel of biomass" (also referred to as biomass refining), is essential to obtain good system economics. This study evaluated the use of the Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX) process in an integrated conversion...
De La Rosa Perez, Luis Bernardo
13286 J. Phys. Chem. 1994,98, 13286-13293 Kinetics of Ti(a3F,a5F)and V(a4F,a6D)Depletion by NH3 and H2S
) and V(a6D) upon interactions with NH3 and HzS are studied in a fast-flow reactor at a He pressure of 0) x Introduction Information about the gas-phase kinetics for the reactions of simple molecules studied the activation of NH3 and H2S by neutral titanium and vanadium atoms. In addition to the gas
Clemmer, David E.
An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule has been developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw ultraviolet radiation is produced by sum-frequency-mixing of 532-nm radiation from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and tunable 395-nm radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The sum-frequency-mixing process occurs in a beta-barium borate crystal. The nitric oxide absorption measurements are performed by tuning the ECDL and scanning the sum-frequency-mixed radiation over strong nitric oxide absorption lines near 226 nm. In Year 1 of the research, the nitric oxide sensor was used for measurements in the exhaust of a coal-fired laboratory combustion facility. The Texas A&M University boiler burner facility is a 30 kW (100,000 Btu/hr) downward-fired furnace with a steel shell encasing ceramic insulation. Measurements of nitric oxide concentration in the exhaust stream were performed after modification of the facility for laser based NOx diagnostics. The diode-laser-based ultraviolet absorption measurements were successful even when the beam was severely attenuated by particulate in the exhaust stream and window fouling. Single-laser-sweep measurements were demonstrated with an effective time resolution of 100 msec, limited at this time by the scan rate of our mechanically tuned ECDL system. In Year 2 described in this progress report, the Toptica ECDL in the original system was replaced with a Sacher Lasers ECDL. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Toptica ECDL were 25 GHz and a few Hz, respectively. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Sacher Lasers ECDL were 90 GHz and a few hundred Hz, respectively. The Sacher Lasers ECDL thus allows us to scan over the entire NO absorption line and to determine the absorption baseline with increased accuracy and precision. The increased tuning rate is an advantage in that data can be acquired much more rapidly and the absorption measurements are less susceptible to the effects of transient fluctuations in the properties of the coal combustor exhaust stream. Gas cell measurements were performed using the NO sensor with the new ECDL, and a few spectra were acquired from the coal exhaust stream. However, the laser diode in the new ECDL failed during the coal combustor tests. A series of spectral simulations was performed using the HITRAN code to investigate the potential sensitivity of absorption measurements of ammonia in different spectral regions. It was concluded that ammonia absorption features in the 3000-nm spectral region would be hard to measure due to water vapor interferences.
Hydrogen storage in a combined M.sub.xAlH.sub.6/M'.sub.y(NH.sub.2).sub.z system and methods of making and using the same
As a promising clean fuel for vehicles, hydrogen can be used for propulsion, either directly or in fuel cells. Hydrogen storage compositions having high storage capacity, good dehydrogenation kinetics, and hydrogen release and uptake reactions which are reversible are disclosed and described. Generally a hydrogen storage composition of a metal aluminum hexahydride and a metal amide can be used. A combined system (Li.sub.3AIH.sub.6/3LiNH.sub.2) with a very high inherent hydrogen capacity (7.3 wt %) can be carried out at moderate temperatures, and with approximately 95% of that inherent hydrogen storage capacity (7.0%) is reversible over repeated cycling of release and uptake.
Lu, Jun (Salt Lake City, UT); Fang, Zhigang Zak (Salt Lake City, UT); Sohn, Hong Yong (Salt Lake City, UT)
An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule has been developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw ultraviolet radiation is produced by sum-frequency-mixing of 532-nm radiation from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and tunable 395-nm radiation from an external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The sum-frequency-mixing process occurs in a beta-barium borate crystal. The nitric oxide absorption measurements are performed by tuning the ECDL and scanning the sum-frequency-mixed radiation over strong nitric oxide absorption lines near 226 nm. In Year 1 of the research, the nitric oxide sensor was used for measurements in the exhaust of a coal-fired laboratory combustion facility. The Texas A&M University boiler burner facility is a 30 kW (100,000 Btu/hr) downward-fired furnace with a steel shell encasing ceramic insulation. Measurements of nitric oxide concentration in the exhaust stream were performed after modification of the facility for laser based NOx diagnostics. The diode-laser-based ultraviolet absorption measurements were successful even when the beam was severely attenuated by particulate in the exhaust stream and window fouling. Single-laser-sweep measurements were demonstrated with an effective time resolution of 100 msec, limited at this time by the scan rate of our mechanically tuned ECDL system. In Year 2, the Toptica ECDL in the original system was replaced with a Sacher Lasers ECDL. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Toptica ECDL were 25 GHz and a few Hz, respectively. The mode-hop-free tuning range and tuning rate of the Sacher Lasers ECDL were 90 GHz and a few hundred Hz, respectively. The Sacher Lasers ECDL thus allows us to scan over the entire NO absorption line and to determine the absorption baseline with increased accuracy and precision. The increased tuning rate is an advantage in that data can be acquired much more rapidly and the absorption measurements are less susceptible to the effects of transient fluctuations in the properties of the coal combustor exhaust stream. Gas cell measurements were performed using the NO sensor with the new ECDL, and a few spectra were acquired from the coal exhaust stream. However, the laser diode in the new ECDL failed during the coal combustor tests. In Year 3, however, we obtained a new GaN laser diode for our ECDL system, installed it, and completed an extensive series of measurements in the Texas A&M coal-fired laboratory combustion facility. The combustor was operated with coal and coal/biomass as fuels, with and without reburn, and with and without ammonia injection. Several different fuel equivalence ratios were investigated for each operating condition.
Accurate ab initio-based adiabatic global potential energy surface for the 2{sup 2}A? state of NH{sub 2} by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit
A full three-dimensional global potential energy surface is reported first time for the title system, which is important for the photodissociation processes. It is obtained using double many-body expansion theory and an extensive set of accurate ab initio energies extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Such a work can be recommended for dynamics studies of the N({sup 2}D) + H{sub 2} reaction, a reliable theoretical treatment of the photodissociation dynamics and as building blocks for constructing the double many-body expansion potential energy surface of larger nitrogen/hydrogen containing systems. In turn, a preliminary theoretical study of the reaction N({sup 2}D)+H{sub 2}(X{sup 1}?{sub g}{sup +})(?=0,j=0)?NH(a{sup 1}?)+H({sup 2}S) has been carried out with the method of quasi-classical trajectory on the new potential energy surface. Integral cross sections and thermal rate constants have been calculated, providing perhaps the most reliable estimate of the integral cross sections and the rate constants known thus far for such a reaction.
Li, Y. Q.; Ma, F. C. [Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036 (China)] [Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036 (China); Sun, M. T. [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)] [Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Effective hole extraction using MoO{sub x}-Al contact in perovskite CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} solar cells
We report an 11.4%-efficient perovskite CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} solar cell using low-cost molybdenum oxide/aluminum (i.e., MoO{sub x}/Al) as an alternative top contact to replace noble/precious metals (e.g., Au or Ag) for extracting photogenerated holes. The device performance of perovskite solar cells using a MoO{sub x}/Al top contact is comparable to that of cells using the standard Ag top contact. Analysis of impedance spectroscopy measurements suggests that using 10-nm-thick MoO{sub x} and Al does not affect charge-recombination properties of perovskite solar cells. Using a thicker (20-nm) MoO{sub x} layer leads to a lower cell performance caused mainly by a reduced fill factor. Our results suggest that MoO{sub x}/Al is promising as a low-cost and effective hole-extraction contact for perovskite solar cells.
Zhao, Yixin; Nardes, Alexandre M.; Zhu, Kai, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 (United States)
Laboratory, in sacco and in vivo assessment of various treatment conditions affecting
and in vivo digestibilities of untreated and ammonia (NH3) treated wheat straw. Wheat straw and gas ammoniated digestibility trial with 5 sheep per treatment. Lowest NDF values for ammoniated straw were recorded with the 2
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous silicate melt Sample Search Results
glass... transition fragility The viscosity of silicate ... Source: Russell, Kelly - Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia Collection:...
UNCORRECTED 2 A thermochemical analysis of the production of anhydrous MgCl2
With a density of 1:74 g=cm3 magnesium is 4.5 times 15 lighter than steel and 1.6 times lighter than aluminum 16 [1]. The mechanical properties of magnesium castings 17 make them competitive with aluminum castings The expectation of increased utilization of magne- 23 sium in automotive applications has stimulated renewed 24
Sadoway, Donald Robert
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous li uranyl Sample Search Results
and the dissolution of nitric acid... started from "random" mixtures of water, TBP, nitric acid, and uranyl nitrate, complexation of uranyl Source: Ecole Polytechnique, Centre...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous portland cements Sample Search...
Collection: Mathematics 32 Use of fly ash as an admixture for electromagnetic interference shielding Jingyao Cao, D.D.L. Chung* Summary: times smaller than those of...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous uranyl chloride Sample Search...
were then warmed to -70C and rinsed three times with acetone... of fixatives: 10% acrolein, 0.2% osmium, and then 10% glutaraldehyde. Staining was with 0.5% uranyl acetate......
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous phospholipidic membranes Sample...
manipulation, liposomal membranes adhered to each other only in a certain range of CaCl2... to and add positive charges to the lipids, and that membranes are separated and...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous magnesium chloride Sample Search...
magnesium ion concentration dependence of strand exchange... M Tris-acetate or Tris-HCI (pH 7.5), IO mM magnesium acetate or magnesium chloride, 3.7% glycerol, 1 m... and...
Partition coefficients of substrates and products and solvent selection for biocatalysis under nearly anhydrous conditions
The effect of solvent on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase toward three substrates was studied at a constant water activity of either 0.74 or 0.86. No simple correlation was observed between enzyme activity and log P, but partition coefficients of substrate (P[sub s]) and product (P[sub p]) gave systematic relations with enzyme activity. When initial reaction rates were considered, there was a bell-shaped relationship between enzyme and P[sub s] with an optimal P[sub s] for each substrate. This can be explained by assuming that the solvent affected the enzyme activity primarily by affecting the substrate concentration in the aqueous layer around the catalyst where the enzymic reaction occurs. When long-term reaction rates were considered, a high P[sub p]/P[sub s] ratio was consistent with preservation of enzyme activity.
Yang, Zhen; Robb, D.A. (Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow (United Kingdom). Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology)
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous scandium yttrium Sample Search...
1995, PAGE 525 Classification Summary: diagrams of yttrium with scandium and other rare earth metals are characterized by continuous rows of solid... .40 Young's Modulus and...
An investigation of the effectiveness of anhydrous mud acid to remove damage in sandstone formations
. DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENT NO. 3. DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENT NO. 4. . . DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENT NO. 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . Conclusions. . Recommendations. REFERENCES. APPENDIX A. Page 1V Vl vln 1X 18 20 22 24 26 28 28 29... Class 8536 Size 00 thru 4 Type S NEMA Starters (Internal Connsdion) Fedory Vrdre p n 4 5I I STOP Il 6 L J N. C. Contests + COIL 4, 3 Wire Control Separate Source Overload Contact Thermal Unit 3 Required X2 4 r""l 4 (Ground If Used) F F (If...
Haase, Dalan David
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous molar ratios Sample Search Results
ratios of magnesium to tin... of compounds in MgOSnO2 system is given here. 2.1.1. Solid-state reaction (SSR) route Two molar ratios (1... product. The stoichiometric...
E-Print Network 3.0 - anhydrous proton conduction Sample Search...
Nafion... .00 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. A Novel Fluorine Production Process in a Proton Exchange Membrane Reactor Robert... membrane-separated electrochemical...
A Review Of Water Contents Of Nominally Anhydrous Natural Minerals In The
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Anhydrous and Water-Assisted Proton Mobility inPhosphotungstic Acid. | EMSL
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14 Engineering Drive Hanover, NH 03755
of their sponsors, the CEDC staff, faculty advisors and mentors, and the technical staff of Thayer's CAD facility Formula Racing Dartmouth Organic Farm Graphicast Maponics Norwich Technologies Optra Inc. Dr. Joseph Technologies Terry Smith Solaflect Energy Matt Strand Victor Technologies Walvisstaart B.V. Dr. Mitchell Wolf
NH Acid Rain Control Act (New Hampshire)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Act is implemented under New Hampshire's acid deposition control program established under the Rules to Control Air Pollution in Chapter Env-A 400. The goal of the Act is to reduce emissions...
NH Clean Power Act (New Hampshire)
The Act calls for annual reductions of multiple pollutants, including SO2, Nox, CO2, and mercury. The Act calls for an 87% reduction in SO2 emissions and a 70% reduction in Nox emissions from...
Improvement of ASME NH for Grade 91
This report has been prepared in the context of Task 3 of the ASME/DOE Gen IV material project. It has been identified that creep-fatigue evaluation procedures presently available in ASME (1) and RCC-MR (2) have been mainly developed for austenitic stainless steels and may not be suitable for cyclic softening materials such as mod 9 Cr 1 Mo steel (grade 91). The aim of this document is, starting from experimental test results, to perform a review of the procedures and, if necessary, provide recommendations for their improvements.
Bernard Riou
Determination of the ( Ammonium (NH4
of methods of the RSIL, including routine analytical methods called standard operating procedures (SOPs), along with safety guidelines, maintenance procedures, and other information about the operation
Category:Concord, NH | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating SolarElectricEnergyCTBarreis aCallahanWind Farm JumpBLM) Lease.China"
Pittsburg, NH Natural Gas Exports to Canada
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) " ,"ClickPipelines About U.S.30Natural Gas,095,3628,527Price (Percent)thePrice2,177.8Table 1.670,1749
The influence of nitrogen rate and source on plant and soil properties
. Anhydrous ammonia caused the lea s t a lteration of pH in the su r face , but it caused the greatest acid ity in the subso i l . The lev e ls of nitrates in the so il w ere exp re s sed by quadratic equa? tions with co rre la t ion coe ff ic... , and and are the annual rate of nitrogen in pounds p er a c r e app lied as ammonium nitrate and anhydrous ammonia, r e sp e c t iv e ly . P red ic ted maximum y ields com pared favorab ly with the actual m aximum y ie lds o f 1 9 , 9 9 0 and 15, 850 pounds...
Fisher, Flake Leroy
THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 134, 214501 (2011) Nanoconfinement effects on the reversibility of hydrogen storage
of hydrogen storage in ammonia borane: A first-principles study Kiseok Chang,1 Eunja Kim,2 Philippe F. Weck,3-state materials capable of storing hydrogen, the NH3BH3 compound called ammonia borane (AB), with an ideal storage2 kg-1 ) density targets specified by the U.S. Department of Energy for on-board hydrogen storage.4
Multi-State Poultry Meeting May 25 27, 2004
Multi-State Poultry Meeting May 25 27, 2004 R.S. Gates, et al. BROILER HOUSE AMMONIA EMISSIONS: U 50011 Introduction Reasonable estimates of ammonia (NH3) emission rate (ER) from U.S. poultry facilities very limited data available for making decisions regarding poultry housing and manure handling
Reactive formulations for a neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals
Decontamination formulations for neutralization of toxic industrial chemicals, and methods of making and using same. The formulations are effective for neutralizing malathion, hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide, butyl isocyanate, carbon disulfide, phosgene gas, capsaicin in commercial pepper spray, chlorine gas, anhydrous ammonia gas; and may be effective at neutralizing hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, boron trichloride, fluorine, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, phosphorous trichloride, arsine, and tungsten hexafluoride.
Tucker, Mark D. (Albuqueruqe, NM); Betty, Rita G. (Rio Rancho, NM)
BN Bonded BN fiber article and method of manufacture
A boron nitride bonded boron nitride fiber article and the method for its manufacture which comprises forming a shaped article with a composition comprising a bonding compound selected from boron oxide and boric acid and a structural fiber selected from the group consisting of boron oxide, boron nitride and partially nitrided boron oxide fibers, heating the composition in an anhydrous gas to a temperature above the melting point of the compound and nitriding the resulting article in ammonia gas.
Hamilton, Robert S. (Youngstown, NY)
The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), and its printing and distribution do
(NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from swine manure in 138). Ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are among the major release and influenced H2S release. A new model of "bubble release" is proposed to explain release
Ni, Jiqin "Jee-Chin"
Journal of Catalysis 241 (2006) 235242 www.elsevier.com/locate/jcat
because NH3 can poison the catalyst used in PEM fuel cells; however, an NH3 adsorbent can be used microreactor; Silicon carbide; Hydrogen production; Ammonia decomposition; Fuel reforming 1. Introduction]. Higher energy densities can be obtained by using hydrogen gas in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel
Kenis, Paul J. A.
Rfrigration solaire par simulation en absorption sche J. Flchon et F. Machizaud
tracé dans une précédente publication [4] le réseau (1/T, Log P) du couple frigorigène CaCl2-NH3 pour, Log P) of the frigorigene couple CaCl2-NH3 for different concentrations in ammonia, by simulation we. Parmi les couples susceptibles d'un emploi efficace, CaCl2, NH3 a fait l'objet de réalisations
-Ammonia Borane (3) -Polyether ammnonia borane (AB)
( 7) [3]. 7. AB . [1] Kim, Y.; Kim, Y.; Yeo, S.; Kim, K.; Koh, K. J.-E.; Seo, J.-E.; Shin, S. J.; Choi, D.-K.; Yoon, C. W.; Nam, S. W. J. Power Sources 2013, 229, 170. [2] Seo, J.-E et al. J. Power
Hong, Deog Ki
Diethylamine and ammonia pretreatment of lignocellulose
material was dried for 12 hours to remove the amine and then hydrolyzed for 72 hours with a mixture of cellulose enzymes. Six specially designed reactor vessels, and a temperature-controlled water bath were built to perform these experiments. This allows...
Holthus, Robert Earl
Ammonia-Soluable Inorganic Soil Colloids.
....................................................................................................... Term expires 1915 GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS tW iL L H. U 2 Y 1 I N President, Brownwood....................................................................... Term expires 1915 P. L. X M 9 E I N Vice-President, Temple... Inspector K t . t H M C 1 - I N Deputy Feed Inspector P t . t P M M s N Deputy Feed Inspector y t . t P M 5 S 1 - I N Deputy Feed Inspector H t , t L 7 5 BE C 1 - N Deputy Feed Inspector SUBSTATION NO. 1: Beeville, Bee County L t L t , BE W M...
Fraps, G. S.
Ammonia at Blodgett Forest, Sierra Nevada, USA
of covariance in vertical wind speed with sonic temperature,of covariance in vertical wind speed with sonic temperature,
Bulk gold catalyzed oxidation reactions of amines and isocyanides and iron porphyrin catalyzed N-H and O-H bond insertion/cyclization reactions of diamines and aminoalcohols
This work involves two projects. The first project entails the study of bulk gold as a catalyst in oxidation reactions of isocyanides and amines. The main goal of this project was to study the activation and reactions of molecules at metal surfaces in order to assess how organometallic principles for homogeneous processes apply to heterogeneous catalysis. Since previous work had used oxygen as an oxidant in bulk gold catalyzed reactions, the generality of gold catalysis with other oxidants was examined. Amine N-oxides were chosen for study, due to their properties and use in the oxidation of carbonyl ligands in organometallic complexes. When amine N-oxides were used as an oxidant in the reaction of isocyanides with amines, the system was able to produce ureas from a variety of isocyanides, amines, and amine N-oxides. In addition, the rate was found to generally increase as the amine N-oxide concentration increased, and decrease with increased concentrations of the amine. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction likely involves transfer of an oxygen atom from the amine N-oxide to the adsorbed isocyanide to generate an isocyanate intermediate. Subsequent nucleophilic attack by the amine yields the urea. This is in contrast to the bulk gold-catalyzed reaction mechanism of isocyanides with amines and oxygen. Formation of urea in this case was proposed to proceed through a diaminocarbene intermediate. Moreover, formation of the proposed isocyanate intermediate is consistent with the reactions of metal carbonyl ligands, which are isoelectronic to isocyanides. Nucleophilic attack at coordinated CO by amine N-oxides produces CO{sub 2} and is analogous to the production of an isocyanate in this gold system. When the bulk gold-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of amines was examined with amine N-oxides, the same products were afforded as when O{sub 2} was used as the oxidant. When the two types of oxidants were directly compared using the same reaction system and conditions, it was found that the oxidative dehydrogenation of dibenzylamine to Nbenzylidenebenzylamine, with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), was nearly quantitative (96%) within 24 h. However, the reaction with oxygen was much slower, with only a 52% yield of imine product over the same time period. Moreover, the rate of reaction was found to be influenced by the nature of the amine N-oxide. For example, the use of the weakly basic pyridine N-oxide (PyNO) led to an imine yield of only 6% after 24 h. A comparison of amine N-oxide and O2 was also examined in the oxidation of PhCH{sub 2}OH to PhCHO catalyzed by bulk gold. In this reaction, a 52% yield of the aldehyde was achieved when NMMO was used, while only a 7% product yield was afforded when O{sub 2} was the oxidant after 48 h. The bulk gold-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclic amines generates amidines, which upon treatment with Aerosil and water were found to undergo hydrolysis to produce lactams. Moreover, 5-, 6-, and 7-membered lactams could be prepared through a one-pot reaction of cyclic amines by treatment with oxygen, water, bulk gold, and Aerosil. This method is much more atom economical than industrial processes, does not require corrosive acids, and does not generate undesired byproducts. Additionally, the gold and Aerosil catalysts can be readily separated from the reaction mixture. The second project involved studying iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride, Fe(TPP)Cl, as a homogeneous catalyst for the generation of carbenes from diazo reagents and their reaction with heteroatom compounds. Fe(TPP)Cl, efficiently catalyzed the insertion of carbenes derived from methyl 2-phenyldiazoacetates into O-H bonds of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Fe(TPP)Cl was also found to be an effective catalyst for tandem N-H and O-H insertion/cyclization reactions when 1,2-diamines and 1,2-alcoholamines were treated with diazo reagents. This approach provides a one-pot process for synthesizing piperazinones and morpholinones and related analogues such as quinoxalinones and benzoxazin-2-ones.
Klobukowski, Erik
A study of the condensation of propene and isobutene with benzene in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride
. Distillsdioa of Csadeasaiioa Products osiag Porrio Chlosido aa4 JGaajaaa Chlox'ido ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IC II. Kssillatioa of Polyaorkxaaioa Pzodue1s asiad Povris Chio&do sad Aloaiaaa Chlos ido ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e l... (lygs) ~ due te the higher parity ef the slhoao whish was eeadeaood with tho areastio hfdrsearboa. lsobatsae pr?yare4 bf the dehydratiea ef tertiarf batrl sloohel is reported te have a parity greater thea 99 yer coat Qsiag oqaiaelsr ssswats...
Carpenter, Louis Linden
Impact of porous medium desiccation during anhydrous CO2 injection in deep saline aquifers: up scaling from experimental
into the atmosphere. CO2 is captured from exhaust gas in power plants or industrial units and then stored of the saturation profile evolution with two phase flow model integrating thermal effects. An up scaling on recent experiments and numerical simulations, the near-well injection zone is identified
Figure 1: Functionalization of TiO2 by anhydrous chemical vapor deposition of trifunctional siloxane adsorbates.
siloxanes form only 2 covalent bonds, in a `bridge' mode with adjacent Ti4+ ions on the TiO2 surface of binding enthalpies at the DFT B3LYP/(LACVP/6-31G**) level of theory indicating that the `bridge' binding optical, electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties of semiconductor materials. For example, dye
A novel, easily synthesized, anhydrous derivative of phosphoric acid for use with electrolyte in phosphoric acid-based fuel cells.
] such as polybenzimidazole, into a very promising and cost-competitive alternative[4] to the Nafion fuel cell[5, 6 in phosphoric acid-based fuel cells. Younes Ansari, Telpriore Tucker, and C. Austen Angell* Dept. of Chemistry as a fuel cell electrolyte, by designing a variant of the molecular acid that has increased temperature
Angell, C. Austen
), D-ammonia (NH2D; Millar & Brown 1989; Saito et al. 2000; Hatchell 2003), D-methanol (CH2DOH; Parise + . D2-formaldehyde (D2CO; Ceccarelli et al. 2002), D2- methanol (CHD2OH; Parise et al. 2002), D2 deuterated molecules D3-ammonia (ND3; van der Tak et al. 2002) and D3-methanol (CD3OH; Parise et al. 2004
Kaiser, Ralf I.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new open-framework iron phosphate (NH{sub 4}){sub 4}Fe{sub 3}(OH){sub 2}F{sub 2}[H{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}]: Novel linear trimer of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra
A new iron phosphate (NH{sub 4}){sub 4}Fe{sub 3}(OH){sub 2}F{sub 2}[H{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}] has been synthesized hydrothermally at HF concentrations from 0.5 to 1.2 mL. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals its three-dimensional open-framework structure (monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/n (No. 14), a=6.2614(13) A, b=9.844(2) A, c=14.271(3) A, {beta}=92.11(1){sup o}, V=879.0(3) A{sup 3}). This structure is built from isolated linear trimers of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra, which are linked by (PO{sub 4}) groups to form ten-membered-ring channels along [1 0 0]. This isolated, linear trimer of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra, [(FeO{sub 4}){sub 3}(OH){sub 2}F{sub 2}], is new and adds to the diverse linkages of Fe polyhedra as secondary building units in iron phosphates. The trivalent iron at octahedral sites for the title compound has been confirmed by synchrotron Fe K-edge XANES spectra and magnetic measurements. Magnetic measurements also show that this compound exhibit a strong antiferromagnetic exchange below T{sub N}=17 K, consistent with superexchange interactions expected for the linear trimer of ferric octahedra with the Fe-F-Fe angle of 132.5{sup o}. -- Graphical abstract: The three-dimensional open-framework structure of (NH{sub 4}){sub 4}Fe{sub 3}(OH){sub 2}F{sub 2}[H{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}] is built from a novel isolated, linear (FeO{sub 4}){sub 3}(OH){sub 2}F{sub 2} trimer of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra linked by PO{sub 4} tetrahedra. Display Omitted
Mi, Jin-Xiao, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China); Wang, Cheng-Xin [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China); Chen, Ning [Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X4 (Canada); Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2 (Canada); Li, Rong [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China); Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2 (Canada); Pan, Yuanming [Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E2 (Canada)
In-situ observations during chemical vapor deposition of hexagonal boron nitride on polycrystalline copper
-characterised the Cu catalyst exposed to ammonia (NH3, i.e. a nitrogen and hydrogen source without B) instead of borazine under similar pressures. For this ammonia exposure no expansion in the Cu lattice constant is found. As ammonia is known to dissociate on Cu... 1s (Figure 5a,b,c) and valence band (Supporting Figure S4) regions.12 We find that before CVD the as loaded Cu foil surface is heavily oxidized due to storage and transportation in ambient air (before step 1).12 Following an anneal (step 2) in H2...
Kidambi, Piran R.; Blume, Raoul; Kling, Jens; Wagner, Jakob B.; Baehtz, Carsten; Weatherup, Robert S.; Schl�gl, Robert; Bayer, Bernhard C.; Hofmann, Stephan
"the most valuable birds in the world": International Conservation Science and the Revival of Peru's Guano Industry, 1909-1965
of the most arid, least productive natural environments in the world. This dryness inhibits both the microbiological breakdown of uric acid (C5H4N3O3) and the leaching of water-soluble ammonia (NH3) and ammonium salts (NH4 +) from guano deposits and makes... under his command. Farmers also received propaganda and scientific studies from CAG that promoted scientific agriculture, including a monthly illustrated Bolet�n (1925� 1967). These publications provided a vital public outlet for scientific research...
Cushman, Gregory T.
Structures and Energetics of Some Potential Intermediates in Titanium Nitride Chemical Vapor Deposition: TiClm(NH2)n, TiClm(NH2)nNH, and TiClm(NH2)nN. An ab Initio
Structures and Energetics of Some Potential Intermediates in Titanium Nitride Chemical Vapor with these basis sets augmented by multiple sets of polarization and diffuse functions using the B3LYP optimized geometries. Bond dissociation energies, heats of atomization, heats of formation, and entropies have been
Schlegel, H. Bernhard
Dendritic Anion Hosts: Perchlorate Uptake by G5-NH2
may limit their utilization in drinking water treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and electrodialysis (ED) are also not cost-effective or efficient at recovering perchlorate from contaminated water
performed geospatial analysis of the well water arsenic estimates and survey results and produced the maps .................................................................................................. 7 Well water quality...................................................................................................... 7 Well water testing
Bucci, David J.
on the terminals located above Interstate 95. Cargoes include petroleum fuels, cement, gypsum, and liquid propane. The study evaluated project benefits based on reduction in transportation costs generated from a shift. The Recommended Plan will generate significant economic benefits for the nation, and is the National Economic
US Army Corps of Engineers
NH 4-H Youth Group Enrollment Form Name of Program
Yes No Farm Rural Town 10K-50K Suburb City 50K+ Hispanic Non-Hispanic White White Black Black American - ATV's (NSE1) Other Science /Technology (MST1) Woodworking (MWW1) Wind Power (MWP1) GPS (MGP1) Electricity/Energy (MEL1) Computers (MCS1) Bicycle Safety (MBS1) Aerospace & Rocketry (MAR1) Science
Lead Screening for NH Soils: Minimizing Health Risks
family. On your soil test report, if the lead screening levels are elevated, you will receive in populated areas include the use of lead paint around homes (pre- 1970s), the use of lead-arsenate for pest does a "lead screening" test that indicates whether or not lead could pose a health risk for your
NH 4-H Leader Enrollment Form County Club Name
: **************************************************************************************************************************************** New Hampshire 4-H Project List E-Mail Address Residence: Please check all projects you are planning to select county office below) University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension is an equal opportunity1) Swine (ASW1) Veterinary Science (AVS1) Citizenship Community Service (CCS1) Citizenship (CCZ1
Pittsburg, NH Natural Gas Pipeline Imports From Canada (Dollars per
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2007 10,998 9,933 10,998 10,643 10,998through 1996)DecadeYear Jan670,174 674,124 687,784Thousand Cubic
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2007 10,998 9,933 10,998 10,643 10,998through 1996)DecadeYear Jan670,174 674,124 687,784Thousand
aphanizomenon sp nh-5: Topics by E-print Network
July 2004 U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans 58 Solar Physics & Space Plasma Research Center (SP2RC) Geosciences Websites Summary: Solar Physics & Space Plasma...
DOE - Office of Legacy Management -- R Brew Co - NH 01
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartment ofDepartment ofof EnergyYou are herePAOsborne Co -0-19Gas
Pittsburg, NH Natural Gas Imports by Pipeline from Canada
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) " ,"ClickPipelines About U.S.30Natural Gas,095,3628,527Price (Percent)thePrice2,177.8Table
The effects of NH4 on growth, resource
of Phragmites australis and Glyceria maxima Edita Tylova-Munzarova a,*, Bent Lorenzen b , Hans Brix b , Olga kinetics of two common helophytes Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel and Glyceria maxima (Hartm of 34 mM the growth rate of Phragmites was not affected by the N form (mean RGR = 35.4 mg g�?1 d�?1
Brix, Hans
MEASURING GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM STORED PIG SLURRY S. Espagnol1
2 MEASURING GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM STORED PIG SLURRY S. Espagnol1 , L. Loyon2 , F. Guiziou2 , P to measure emissions factors of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from stored pig slurry and measured the variations of the emissions in time and space. In 2006, dynamic
The sound of Titan a role for acoustics in space exploration
's Venera missions to Venus). in early 2005 will undertake a 2.5 hour parachute descent However, were is generated the features associated with the terrestrial water cycle: seas, by environmental processes breakdown of ammonia (NH3) deposited from comets, producing N2 and hydrogen (which is sufficiently light
Sóbester, András
Supporting Information for Impact of Chlorine Emissions from Sea-Salt Aerosol on Coastal Urban Ozone
DIOXIDE H2O2 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE NH3 AMMONIA NIT AEROSOL NITRATE SO2 SULFUR DIOXIDE SO3 SULFUR TRIOXIDE OSD extensions* NO NITRIC OXIDE NO2 NITROGEN DIOXIDE O3 OZONE HONO NITROUS ACID HNO3 NITRIC ACID HNO4 PERNITRIC ACID N2O5 NITROGEN PENTOXIDE NO3 NITRATE RADICAL HO2 HYDROPEROXY RADICAL CO CARBON MONOXIDE CO2 CARBON
Dabdub, Donald
On-Road Emission Measurements of Reactive Nitrogen Compounds from
, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), and nitrous acid (HONO) produced by internalOn-Road Emission Measurements of Reactive Nitrogen Compounds from Three California Cities G A R Y measurements of reactive nitrogen compounds from light-duty vehicles. At the San Jose and wLA sites
Simple approaches for measuring dry atmospheric nitrogen deposition to watersheds
'' and spatial variations of gaseous dry N deposition (i.e., nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3)), thoughSimple approaches for measuring dry atmospheric nitrogen deposition to watersheds Heather E. Golden the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on surface water quality requires accurate accounts
Elliott, Emily M.
Page 1 of 7 Installation Name ____________________________________________________________
chlorine q liquid flow q ammonia (NH3) q other: _______________ q gas velocity q carbon dioxide (CO2) q other: _______________ q liquid velocity q carbon monoxide (CO) q other: _______________ b) Have any modular q loop q other:______________ #12;06/07/99 Page 3 of 7 c) The system is q 4-20 mA control wiring q
An experimental investigation of the urea-water decomposition and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxides with urea using V2O5-WO3-TiO2 catalyst.
) stream. The decomposition experiments were conducted with a number of oxygen (O2) compositions (0, 1, 10, and 15%) over the temperature range of 227oC to 477oC. The study showed ammonia (NH3), carbon-dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) as the major...
Johar, Jasmeet Singh
Fresh clouds: A parameterized updraft method for calculating cloud densities in one-dimensional models
. Mihalka a a Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA b Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 97420-3411, USA c NASA clouds com- posed of ammonia ice, ammonium hydrosulfide or other com- pounds formed by NH3 and H2S, water
Meteorology and Atmospheric ISSN 0177-7971
of precipitation scav- enging are calculated for wet removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3) using of soluble trace gas in gaseous and liquid phases, mole l-1 c(G) Concentration of soluble trace gas Raindrop diameter, m DG Coefficient of diffusion in a gaseous phase, cm2 s-1 HA Henry's law constant, mole
Elperin, Tov
System and method for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gases
A multi-stage selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit (32) provides efficient reduction of NOx and other pollutants from about 50-550.degree. C. in a power plant (19). Hydrogen (24) and ammonia (29) are variably supplied to the SCR unit depending on temperature. An upstream portion (34) of the SCR unit catalyzes NOx+NH.sub.3 reactions above about 200.degree. C. A downstream portion (36) catalyzes NOx+H.sub.2 reactions below about 260.degree. C., and catalyzes oxidation of NH.sub.3, CO, and VOCs with oxygen in the exhaust above about 200.degree. C., efficiently removing NOx and other pollutants over a range of conditions with low slippage of NH.sub.3. An ammonia synthesis unit (28) may be connected to the SCR unit to provide NH.sub.3 as needed, avoiding transport and storage of ammonia or urea at the site. A carbonaceous gasification plant (18) on site may supply hydrogen and nitrogen to the ammonia synthesis unit, and hydrogen to the SCR unit.
Sobolevskiy, Anatoly; Rossin, Joseph A
Below is an example script that could be used while engaging in the Comet Building activity. Created by Elisabeth Mills, Astronomy graduate student, UCLA,
planets farther away from the sun than earth? Nope. Mars has ice caps, but even those are mostly dry ice? Water? H2O. Ammonia? NH3. Methane? CH4. At this point, everything is in our mixing bowl but the dry ice's lifecycle: Frozen with no tail, comes in toward sun and melts a bit, forms a progressively larger tail
Williams, Gary A.
Nitrogen chemistry during oil shale pyrolysis
Real time evolution of ammonia (NH{sub 3}) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), two major nitrogen-containing volatiles evolved during oil shale pyrolysis, was measured by means of a mass spectrometer using chemical ionization and by infrared spectroscopy. While the on-line monitoring of NH{sub 3} in oil shale pyrolysis games was possible by both techniques, HCN measurements were only possible by IR. We studied one Green River Formation oil shale and one New Albany oil shale. The ammonia from the Green River oil shale showed one broad NH{sub 3} peak maximizing at a high temperature. For both oil shales, most NH{sub 3} evolves at temperatures above oil-evolving temperature. The important factors governing ammonia salts such as Buddingtonite in Green River oil shales, the distribution of nitrogen functional groups in kerogen, and the retorting conditions. The gas phase reactions, such as NH{sub 3} decomposition and HCN conversion reactions, also play an important role in the distribution of nitrogen volatiles, especially at high temperatures. Although pyrolysis studies of model compounds suggests the primary nitrogen product from kerogen pyrolysis to be HCN at high temperatures, we found only a trace amount of HCN at oil-evolving temperatures and none at high temperatures (T {gt} 600{degree}C). 24 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Oh, Myongsook S.; Crawford, R.W.; Foster, K.G.; Alcaraz, A.
Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment of municipal solid waste components
enzymatic reactivity. Concluding the project will be a study designed to separate the effect of the physical disruption and ammoniation caused by the ~ pretreatment. 1. 2 LIGNOCELLULOSE STRUCTURE The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose to soluble...
Lundeen, Joseph Eric
Toxicity and acclimation to ammonia by Tilapia aurea
occur when the increasing permeability of the ti. sauce exceeds the maximus susI ai ned rate of urine production (approximately 12 ml!Eg/hr for rainbow trout). Chronic ratI'er than acute ammoni. a poisoning, is a major problem in som f" sh cul. ture.... 374 30. 268 27. 209 49. 768 48. 365 48. 424 6. 2-31. 7 4. . 2-30. 5 7. 0-33. 0 5. 7-30. 5 2. 9-35. 5 11. 5-31. 7 3. 0-31. 7 3. 0-33. 0 0. 1-0. 8 0. 1-0. 7 0. 1-0. 4 10 able 5. ? On-ionized ammoni. (mg/1 N) means for first pre...
Redner, Barry Duncan
Energy Savings from Floating Head Pressure in Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
plant, based on a model incorporating manufacturer's published compressor efficiency and evaporative condenser capacity and energy use as it varies with outdoor wetbulb temperature. It concludes with a simple control strategy for effectively retrofitting...
Barrer, P. J.; Jones, S. M.
ammonia synthesis ad: Topics by E-print Network
spin fields in AdS(5) HEP - Theory (arXiv) Summary: Free arbitrary spin massless and self-dual massive fields propagating in AdS5 are investigated. We study totally...
Energy Savings for CO2 Removal in Ammonia Plants
of power recovery tur bines. The heat removal in the coolers requires the expenditure of mechanical energy which is used either in air-cooler fans or in cooling water pumps. For the sake of simplicity it has been assu med that electric motor drives.... The L.T. shift effluent which leaves a BFW heater at 1900C is used as the heat supply source in a steam-kettle to pro duce motive steam for the steam-jet thermo compressor before entering the solution re boiler, where it is further cooled to 122?C...
Pouilliart, R.; Van Hecke, F. C.
Staging Rankine Cycles Using Ammonia for OTEC Power Production
Recent focus on renewable power production has renewed interest in looking into ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems. Early studies in OTEC applicability indicate that the island of Hawaii offers a potential market for a nominal 40-MWe system. a 40-MWe system represents a large leap in the current state of OTEC technology. Lockheed Martin Inc. is currently pursuing a more realistic goal of developing a 10-MWe system under U.S. Navy funding (Lockheed 2009). It is essential that the potential risks associated with the first-of-its-kind plant should be minimized for the project's success. Every means for reducing costs must also be pursued without increasing risks. With this in mind, the potential for increasing return on the investment is assessed both in terms of effective use of the seawater resource and of reducing equipment costs.
Bharathan, D.
A calculation of the rotational constants of ammonia
) YMU = 3 ' ??ZMASSIXZMASSZ IF &I?GTel) GO TO 702 PHI A = 0 ~ 0 GINCR = 0 ' 5+DELQ A=AUX(ZMU?YMU?CANS ~ PMFAN?PHIA?GINCR ~ BONO) PHIA = 0. 5~A B=AUX(ZMU?YMUeCANiS?PMFAN ~ PHIA?GINCR?BOND& PHIA = 0?5KB C... ~ PHIA ~ DFLO, BOND& PHIA = AANGLE(I ? I& + 0 5?lB C=AUX(ZMU ~ YMU?CANS?PMEAN?PHIA ~ DELQ?BOILED) PHIA = AANGLE(I ? I) + C D=AUX(ZMU ~ YMU?CANST PiMEAN?PHIA?DELQ?BONO) AANGLF&I&= AANGL?=(I ? 1) +&A +2, ??B + 2 ?C +D)X6, 710 TRIG1 = SIN...
Trickey, Samuel B
AMMONIA THE OTHER HYDROGEN Rebecca Dunn, Keith Lovegrove
, and hydroelectric power to split water. This great potential for diversity of supply is an important reason why
and theory - Materials Discovery DOE BES Hydrogen Fuel Initiative * Structure and dynamics (Neutron and NMR) - Experimental and computational studies of di- hydrogen bonding...
How the Membrane Protein AmtB Transports Ammonia
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Characterization of a New Phase of Ammonia Borane. | EMSL
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Ammonia Capture in Porous Organic Polymers Densely Functionalized with
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Acid Initiation of Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation for Hydrogen Storage. |
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Design and Construction of a Small Ammonia Heat Pump.
?? In view of the fact that most of the synthetic refrigerants, in case of leakage or release, are harmful to the environment by contributing� (more)
A Monfared, Behzad
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Delphi On-board Ammonia Generation (OAG) | Department of Energy
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Detection of Ammonia Slip Using NOx Sensor Signal Processing | Department
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