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A method for generating halftone images from monochrome original images and, more particularly, to a method for reproducing a monochrome original image using at least two different colorants to create an image having a preselected hue and chroma while substantially maintaining the same lightness as in the monochrome original image.
1. A method for producing a multi-colorant output image from an input monochrome image having a lightness, the multi-colorant output image having a preselected chroma, a preselected hue and a desired lightness comprising:
(a) selecting a first transfer function correlating optical density values (Do) of the monochrome input image to percent dot areas (% Dt) of the multi-colorant output image such that use of the first transfer function produces a first single colorant image having the desired Lightness;
(b) selecting a sample image from a set of sample images, each of the sample images having a chroma, a hue and a lightness, the lightness being the same or substantially the same in each of the sample images, each of the sample images generated using a combination of at least two colorants;
(c) establishing a colorant transfer function for each of the colorants such that use of each of the colorant transfer functions produces a single colorant output image such that the multi-colorant output image comprises the combination of all of the single colorant output images generated from the colorant transfer functions where the multi-colorant output image has a lightness equal to or substantially equal to the lightness of the first single colorant image generated using the first transfer function and the same or substantially the same hue and chroma of the selected sample image, wherein the colorant transfer functions are established using an equation where AC is a function of A and WC and is independent of gray level (Do) where:
Ac is a percent dot area for a given lightness value corresponding to the colorant transfer function for a colorant,
A is a percent dot area for the same lightness value calculated based on the first transfer function, and
Wc is a color weight factor derived for each of the colorants for each of the sample images; and
(d) using the colorant transfer functions to generate the multi-colorant output image.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the colorants include black.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein there are 2, 3 or 4 colorants.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising associating a table or chart with each of the sample images, the table or chart identifying each of the colorant transfer functions for the colorants used in the sample images.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the colorant transfer functions are established using the equation:
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the colorants are printing inks.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample images and the output image are halftone images.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired lightness is substantially the same as the original image lightness.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a computer to calculate the first transfer function.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the color weight factor W of the colorants in a duotone image is related by:
where Wcc represents the weight of a cyan colorant, and Wck represents the weight of a black colorant,
where Wcm represents the weight of a magenta colorant, and
where Wcy represents the weight of a yellow colorant.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the color weight factor W of the colorants in a tritone image is related by:
Wcy+2Wcc+3Wck=25, and
where Wcc represents the weight of a cyan colorant, Wck represents the weight of a black colorant, Wcm represents the weight of a magenta colorant, and Wcy represents the weight of a yellow colorant.
This is a continuation application of PCT application PCT/US91/06131 filed Aug. 27, 1991 designating the U.S., which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/573,072, filed Aug. 29, 1990, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for generating halftone images from monochrome original images and, more particularly, to a method for reproducing a monochrome original image using at least two different colorants to create an image having a preselected hue and chroma while substantially maintaining the same lightness as in the monochrome original image.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In monochrome half-tone image reproduction, various shades of gray appearing in a continuous tone original image are reproduced on paper by a single tone ink. To simulate the multiple shades of gray in the original, the continuous tone image is converted into a half-tone image. Half-tone images comprise a plurality of different size dots of a uniform optical density level. The human eye integrates the dots with the background and is fooled into believing that it sees a multiplicity of continuous tone gray shades, the apparent gray level being a function of the size of the dots per unit area.
Recently, computer implemented methods have been developed, which apply algorithms to digital image data representing a continuous tone image to generate information which correlates the original image optical density values to percent dot area coverage in a halftone system needed to reproduce the original density range, preferably while taking into account the limitations in the optical density reproduction range inherent in a particular reproduction system. There are a number of algorithms available for generating half-tones from continuous tone data; U.S. Pat. No. 4,654,721 issued to Goertzel et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,250 issued to Murai, provide good examples of this technology. The result of these methods may be viewed as a transfer function which is applied to convert input data representing an original continuous tone image optical density to output data representing a percent dot area in the half tone reproduction.
In most applications the generated data is used to drive a recorder which exposes a photosensitive film creating dots sized in accordance with the data. The film after development is used to expose a lithographic plate which is then used on a press to apply a colorant, i.e., a colored ink, usually black in cases of monochromatic reproduction, to reproduce the original image.
The reproduction of full color images, which attempt to faithfully reproduce the color gamut of an original colored image using halftone technology is also well known in the art. Such technology involves a plurality, usually four, of overlapping images printed in juxtaposition, each with a different colorant. Each of those images is a halftone representation of the original representing the original as viewed through a color separation filter. Specific filters and colorants have been developed, and are well known in the art. Typically these filters are red, green and blue, while the colorants used are cyan, magenta, yellow and black. Maintaining color fidelity (i.e., hue, chroma and lightness using the terminology typically used to describe color perception space) from original to reproduction has been the subject of numerous inventions and scientific disclosures. See in general by Michael H. Bruno, published by GAMA Communications, Salem, N.H., 1986 edition, for a good discussion of some of the problems and solutions to faithful color reproduction in the printing industry.
In addition to images reproducing or at least attempting to reproduce the full color gamut of an original multicolored image in halftone, there is another form of color reproduction, in which more than one colorant is used in the reproduction of an image, but where the original image is a monochromatic image, and no attempt is made to generate an image having the appearance of a multicolored image as would be created using the color separation process briefly described above, i.e., an image with a multiplicity of hues and chroma. In this process, the reproduced image has a single hue and chroma but the lightness has been preserved substantially the same as that of the original image.
This type of image reproduction is known in the printing trade as "duotone", "tritone", "quadratone", etc., depending on the number of colorants used. A problem encountered when attempting to make "duotones", "tritones", etc., is that the percent dot areas covered by the colorants cannot be simply added numerically to duplicate the original monochromatic image while maintaining hue, chroma, and lightness. Assume for example that a desirable transfer function has been established which acceptably reproduces in half tone, an original black and white image density range. This density range is the lightness of this image. For each lightness value there is a corresponding percent dot area that will be printed, based on this transfer function. Further assume that we desire to create from the same original monochromatic, black and white image an image having a selected hue and chroma resulting from a combination of two colorants, e.g., a cyan and a black ink, so that the reproduced image has a bluish tint and that we want the bluish tint to be about 10. This means that the reproduction will be created using a combination of two images, a cyan and a black printed one on top of the other in superposition. If we want to maintain the same lightness overall as in the original, each lightness value in the original must be divided into two components one for the cyan image and one for the black. However, if we want to introduce 10% blue in the image, we cannot simply calculate for each original lightness value, a cyan ink dot area equal to 10% of the dot area called for by the monochrome transfer function, and for the black ink 90% of that same dot area. The results after superposition do not reproduce an image with the same lightness as the original.
At present, particularly in the Graphic Arts, there is a need for predictably generating duotones, tritones, quadtones, etc., from monochromatic originals. More particularly, there is need for a method whereby given an original monochrome image, and a particular transfer function selected to reproduce this image in halftone with tone values, that is, lightness, which are desirable, one may readily derive new transfer functions for preselected colorants such that images generated for each colorant using the derived new transfer functions for each colorant will produce an image when combined in superposition as by printing, which image will have a preselected hue and chroma, and in which the tonal range, i.e., lightness, will be the same or substantially the same as in an image produced using the transfer function selected for the original monochromatic reproduction.
This invention relates to a method for producing an output image from an input monochrome image having a Lightness, the output image having a preselected chroma, a preselected hue and a lightness equal to or substantially equal to a desired lightness, comprising:
(a) selecting a first transfer function correlating lightness values (Do) of the input image to percent dot areas (%Dt) of the output image such that use of the first transfer function produces a first single colorant image having the desired lightness;
(b) selecting a sample image from a set of sample images, each of the sample images having a chroma, a hue and a lightness, the lightness being the same or substantially the same in each of the sample images, each of the sample images generated using a combination of at least two colorants;
(c) establishing a colorant transfer function for each of the colorants such that use of each of the colorant transfer functions produces a single colorant output image such that the output image comprises the combination of all of the single colorant output images generated from the colorant transfer functions where the output image has a lightness equal to or substantially equal to the lightness of the first single colorant image generated using the first transfer function and the same or substantially the same hue and chroma of the selected sample image, wherein the colorant transfer functions are established using an equation where AC is a function of A and WC and is independent of grey level (Do) where:
AC is a percent dot area for a given lightness value corresponding to the colorant transfer function for a colorant,
A is a percent dot area for the same lightness value calculated based on the first transfer function, and
WC is a color weight factor derived for each of the colorants for each of the sample images; and
(d) using the colorant transfer functions to generate the output image.
Preferably, the colorants are printing inks, and include black in combination with either one or more of cyan, magenta or yellow. Associated with each of the sample images is a table or chart, the table or chart identifying each of the colorant transfer functions for the colorants used in the sample images.
The colorant transfer functions are established using the following empirically derived equation:
FIG. 1 is a geometrical model representing color-perception space.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a system for implementing the method described in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plot of a family of curves representing a first transfer function and a plurality of colorant transfer functions derived from the first transfer function.
FIG. 4 is a table of colorant transfer function weight factors corresponding to a particular set of duotone sample images.
FIG. 5 is a table of colorant transfer function weight factors corresponding to a particular set of tritone sample images.
The invention is best described with reference to the figures in which similar numbers depict similar items. The figures are illustrative for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention, and are not to be viewed as limiting.
In dealing with color, and particularly with perception of color, there is great confusion in the use of terms which though often inaccurate have been adopted by certain industry segments to describe and measure image appearance. In an effort to avoid confusion, the following terms are used in describing this invention.
(a) Brightness: an attribute of visual sensation according to which an area appears to exhibit more or less light.
(b) Lightness: a colorimetric term used to describe the relative Brightness of an area to the Brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting. For purposes of describing the present invention, we will use as a measure of lightness the neutral (gray) density measurement from an image as obtained with a Macbeth densitometer. Lightness is at times described in the Graphic Arts enbironment and can be defined for the purposes of this invention as the gradation, or the optical density spread of an image.
(c) Chroma: the degree of saturation of a color.
(d) Hue: what is commonly referred to as a color, i.e., blue, green, yellow, etc.
FIG. 1 shows a typical three dimensional model representing color-perception space. FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between the terms lightness, chroma, and hue. Additional information regarding color space may be found in "Measuring Colour" by R. W. G Hunt, Applied Science and Industrial Technology series, published by Ellis Horwood Limited and particularly Chapter 4.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is depicted in schematic format a printing arrangement useful in explaining an implementation of the present invention. Such arrangement may comprise a scanner/digitzer 10 which is used to read an original image 12 typically by directing and scanning a light beam 14 onto the image and detecting the reflected (or transmitted) beam 16 from the image. The scanner is further able to digitize the detected beam 16 output. In an 8 bit digital system, the digitized image will have discreet values ranging from 0 to 255 for each of the picture elements into which the image is broken down to, the pixel size being a function of the resolution abilities of the scanner/digitizer 10. This range of digital values corresponds to the lightness of the original image. We will use the same numerical values for lightness as for density range since both are dimensionless quantities and represent a ratio.
The digitizer output is directed over line 18 to a digital signal processor unit 20, which may include a CPU and the appropriate software to process the image data prior to sending it over line 26 to a recorder 28. The CPU may perform a number of functions in addition to processing image data in accordance with the present invention. It may include keyboard means 24 to allow an operator to input instruction or additional information, and may include display means 22 to facilitate the communication process between the operator and the CPU.
The output of recorder 28 is a half-tone film transparency 30. The half-tone transparency is used in an exposure unit 32 to expose a lithographic printing plate 34. Following exposure, the plate 34 is developed in equipment not shown herein, then mounted on a printing apparatus 36 where it is used to print a reproduction of the original image onto a receiving medium 38. In the present invention, the recorder 28 will generate a number of half tone transparencies the number being commensurate with the desired number of colorants to be used for the production of the reproduced image. For a "duotone" image, two transparencies will be generated, and two printing plates will be made therefrom. For "tritone" image reproduction, three, and so forth. In printing, the press arrangement includes multiple stations 36, 36', 36", etc. on which the plates 34, 34', 34", etc., are mounted, and through which the receiving medium 38 is transported sequentially. A different colorant image is printed on the medium as it passes through each station in substantial superposition, resulting in a multicolored image.
The first set of operations on the data from the scanner digitizer 10, is limited to modifying the original data in a manner such that a print reproduced on a user specified set up will be reproduced so that the relative relationship between the lightness in the original is the same as in the print or differs therefrom in a desired manner.
What is meant by "is the same" in the above sentence is that if the original image has a maximum lightness value of 2.0 and a minimum of 0.2, as measured by a densitometer set for gray scale measurement, and the printing system used can only produce a minimum lightness (i.e., solid ink area) of 1.6 and a maximum lightness, (i.e., no ink area) of 0.1, again as measured by a densitometer similarly set, then any lightness value in the original continuous tone image measured as a reflected density and normalized as a percentage of the total reflected density range in that image, will be reproduced in the print with a half-tone dot area whose apparent optical density is the same percentage of the full print density range as in the original image, i.e., the same normalized lightness. For instance, if an area has an optical density of 0.6 in the original, that is the area is (0.6/1.8)*100 or 33.33% of the spread of the original density, then the same area will be reproduced in the print with an apparent density of 33.33% of the printed density spread, or 0.3333*1.5=0.499.
On the other hand, by the phrase "differs in a desired manner", it is meant that the lightness reproduction between original and reproduction will not necessarily maintain the above relationship, but may have any arbitrary relationship selected as "desirable".
In either case, there exists a transfer function, herein referred to as the first transfer function which when used in monochromatic reproduction of a continuous tone original will generate a reproduction which is what is desired. This function may reside in a computer memory as a look up table of coefficients, or an equation, and is used to convert Lightness values for every pixel in the original to percent dot areas which are transmitted to the recorder 28 to generate the transparency from which a printing plate will eventually be produced.
In some applications the recorder may produce a printing plate directly, omitting the intermediate step of producing a transparency. However this invention is equally applicable to whether a half-tone transparency or a printing plate are produced in the recorder.
Co-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 07/726,461, filed on Jul. 8, 1991, in the name of Mark Richard Samworth and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, discloses a method describing in detail a process for selecting a first transfer function which may be used in practicing this invention. While the particular method for arriving at such a first transfer function is not critical to the practice of the present invention, the process described in the aforementioned application is preferred because of the predictability of monochromatic reproduction offered when the first transfer function derivation is done in accordance therewith. The contents of this co-pending application are expressly incorporated by reference herein.
In addition to the first transfer function, there is needed for the practice of this invention a set of sample images and corresponding derived colorant transfer functions.
The set of sample images comprises printed halftone images printed using two or more colorants. Preferably, there is a set of sample images for combinations of different amounts of black colorant and yellow, or black and cyan, or black and magenta, using the most commonly available printing ink colorants. Similarly, there is preferably another set of sample images printed using various combinations of three colorants, again black and yellow and cyan, or black and magenta and cyan, or black and magenta and yellow, and a set of printed images printed using a combination of four colorants, i.e., black, yellow, magenta, and cyan, in various proportions.
The printed images all represent the same scene and all are a reproduction of an original monochromatic image preferably a black and white continuous tone photograph. All sample images have the same lightness but each has a different hue and chroma. A set of sample images useful in practicing this invention may be obtained through the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company with offices in Wilmington, Del., in a publication called the "Spectratone Communicator".
In constructing the set of sample images, the first transfer curve is selected, preferably one that for a particular set of printing conditions will reproduce after printing with black colorant ink only, an image which has substantially the same lightness as the original continuous tone image. Such first transfer function may be derived as explained before using the method disclosed in the aforementioned application U.S. Ser. No. 07/726,461. Such a function or curve is schematically represented in FIG. 3 as a heavy line, numbered for reasons to be discussed herein below as curve No. 8. The values shown in FIG. 3 for the two axes are illustrative only.
After selecting the first transfer function, the original image is reproduced through printing using two colorants, i.e., black and cyan inks. The relationship between the original image lightness and the percent dot area output for various lightness values for each of the two colorants is adjusted through trial and error until a printed image is printed, which when photographed using black and white film, produced a photograph that was substantially indistinguishable from a photograph under the same lighting conditions and with the same camera, film, and development of the image printed using the first transfer function and a black ink colorant only. The two colorant transfer functions are identified and plotted.
The process is repeated a number of times, using different amounts of colorant percent dot areas to provide images having different chroma and with different colorants to provide images having different hue. In all instances the resulting colorant transfer functions, which when combined gave images having the same lightness as the monochromatic image produced using the first transfer function, were recorded.
In developing a set of sample images, a family of curves, similar to the family of curves shown in FIG. 3 is generated. Lightness is maintained when particular combinations of the transfer functions represented by these curves are used, and when those combinations are used, the hue and chroma in the printed image remains constant for all lightness values within an image. Furthermore, the same curves are applicable for all colorants.
To provide a practical guide to the practitioner of this invention, a finite number of sample images having different hue and chroma each are printed, and a table identifying the corresponding colorant transfer curves is generated recording for each sample image in the set the colorant transfer curves combination to be used to develop halftone film transparencies to make plates to print an image having a selected hue and chroma. FIGS. 4 and 5 show typical such tables which correspond to a set of sample images for a "duotone" and a "tritone" reproduction, respectively. The particular table arrangement corresponds to the layout of figures shown in the aforementioned "Spectratone Communicator" publication, for "process duotones" and "magenta yellow tritone". The squares represent the printed image location in the guide, and the numbers within each square identify the colorant transfer functions used in producing the image.
Further study of the data resulted in the derivation of an empirical relationship which can be used in a computer environment with an adequate degree of accuracy to determine a new percent dot area to be used for each colorant, for each lightness value, to replace the percent dot area that would have resulted if the first transfer function was used in a monochromatic reproduction, such that lightness may be maintained for any desired hue and chroma.
Thus, referring to FIG. 3, if A represents a percent dot area (% Dt) called for to reproduce a lightness value (i.e., 20%) of the original image using a first transfer function (here curve No. 8) selected such that the reproduction is satisfactory, then for the same lightness value (Do) for each of the colorants desired to be used to obtain a desired hue, a new percent dot area AC is calculated corresponding to the percent dot that would be called for, using the appropriate transfer function, i.e., curve No. 6, and given by:
A factor WC used to modify the relationship for each colorant transfer function to be used in particular combination, is an arbitrary constant which is associated with each of the colorant transfer functions as shown in FIG. 3. Since the colorant transfer functions lie on both sides of the first transfer function, it was elected to develop a color weight scale identifying and characterizing each of the colorant transfer functions that will not include positive and negative values as would be the case if the first transfer function was used as the base line.
The color weight scale was further selected such that a reasonable range of hue and chroma values could be represented extending from combinations of almost zero amounts of one colorant to almost full printing with the same colorant while maintaining the maximum density range printable with the particular combination of colorants. If the lightness of the original is to be maintained, there is a reciprocal relationship between the relative weights of the colorants used, and the selected weight factor relationship shows this. In the case of duotones, the sum of the weights associated with the colorant transfer functions to be used to produce an image maintaining the original lightness for any hue or gradation for particular colorant combinations is given by:
Wcc+2Wck=13 (2)
where Wcc represents the weight of a cyan colorant, and Wck represents the weight of a black colorant,
Wcm+2Wck=13 (3)
where Wcm represents the weight of a magenta colorant, and
Wcy+3Wck=24 (4)
where Wcy represents the weight of a yellow colorant.
When more than two colors are used, the relationship becomes more complex, since there are more than two variable and more than one need to be fixed to determine the other. For tritones using magenta, cyan yellow and black combinations,
Wcc+Wcm+2Wck=12, (5)
Wcy+2Wcc+3Wck=25, and (6)
Wcy+2Wcm+3Wck=25. (7)
If two colors are used, as for a Duotone, for a given hue and chroma, there are two corresponding colorant transfer curves that will reproduce an image maintaining Lightness as would be using the first transfer curve alone. From the chart associated with the selected sample image, two values for W, Wcc and Wck are obtained. These values are used in equation (1) to produce, for each percent dot area A, corresponding to the percent dot area called for by the first transfer curve to reproduce a desired lightness, an Acc and Ack. For example, if the two colorant transfer functions are Wcc=3 and Wck=5, and for a given lightness value and a first transfer function 8, A=30%, then Acc=13.75% and Ack=20.25%, the sum of which is not A, but which if printed together produce the same Lightness as A.
The availability of computers allows one to forego the actual step of constructing the curves represented in FIG. 3. Either a look up table may be used providing coefficients which can be used to calculate AC values from A or the relationship given above for calculating AC from A for each lightness value for each pixel may be used. For purposes of the present invention, the use of either a look up table or a calculation is the same as using a transfer function.
Whether done in a computer by calculation or by construction of curves such as shown in FIG. 3, an image is created and printed by following the following steps.
A first transfer function "8" is selected and the family of colorant transfer functions corresponding to the first function are constructed using the relationship between A and AC. Then from the set of sample images, one is selected which has the desired appearance. The colorant transfer function combination is noted from the table associated with the set of sample images. Using the example of a duotone image having a particular hue and consisting of the combination of a black ink and a cyan ink, with corresponding colorant transfer functions identified from the table of FIG. 4 as "6" for black (K) and "7" for cyan (C), two halftone separation transparencies are produced by the recorder 28 which are then used to print two superposed images using the black and cyan colorants.
In practice, there is no need of course to produce the whole family of curves for the colorant transfer functions, but it is sufficient to only produce the two curves called for by the selected sample image, i.e., the two curves identified as No. 6 and No. 7. Furthermore, it is most likely that equation (1) will be used to derive values for AC for each lightness input value for each pixel, without ever physically constructing any of the curves depicted in FIG. 3.
As presently implemented and described, the invention uses a printed set of sample images. However, it is possible to store simulations of the printed sample images in a computer memory and display the simulated printed samples on a screen for selection. Also, the associated table which identifies the colorant transfer function in terms of its weight factor number, need not be a separate table, but may also be incorporated in a computer accessible memory and accessed directly once a displayed image is selected; or if the image is selected from a printed display, a simple identification number may be provided correlating the colorant transfer function weight stored in a computer accessible memory to the printed image, without need for an operator to manually select the appropriate coefficients WC. While the set of sample images discussed herein is preferably depicting an actual scene, plain color scales of various chroma and hue may be substituted.
The invention has heretofore been described in terms of traditional printing technology, however, it is equally applicable to non traditional technologies, such as applications involving creation of quasihalftone images, images created using sublimable dies, images produced on CRTs, etc. These and other variations may be practiced by the skilled artisan and still be within the scope of the invention.
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Mr. Cai hadn't been on the videos at that point in time so more exposure was prudent.It would be helpful for Mr. Cai to attend the SF conference but he would require an excellent interpreter to help the communication process. The interpreter on the Gentry-Cai interview won't due imo. Upgrade interpreter?

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2004 Ford Focus SVT Q&A
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Introduction -
This is a follow up to our recent publication on Starting a Hedge Fund in 2015 and provides an overview of our thoughts on the start-up market in 2014 and themes for 2015 and beyond....more
On April 3, 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported that private equity adviser Fenway Partners LLC (Fenway) received a Wells Notice from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in March 2015 regarding Fenway's...more
New rules effective from today in the U.K. are likely to have material impact on the tax treatment of payments by a fund to its U.K.-based management executives and service providers. The rules cover many areas of fund...more
April 3, 2015, the Second Circuit handed a significant victory to prospective defendants in insider trading cases — as well as the two defendants whose convictions had been reversed — by denying U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara's...more
The Second Circuit today denied the request by the U.S. Attorney's office for the Southern District of New York for panel or en banc rehearing of the landmark U.S. v. Newman decision, which overturned insider-trading...more
The SEC is stepping lively to preserve a role in formulating any additional requirements for money managers—such as mutual funds and investment advisers—to limit perceived risks to the financial system.
Although the...more
It is plainly illegal to bribe a corporate insider for non-public information and then trade that company's stock. But what if the briber shares that information with a money manager, who then trades on that inside...more
In crafting current fund investments, investors have negotiated with fund managers for greater transparency, more efficiency and more egalitarianism. Navigating these issues necessarily becomes the priority for any GP's list...more
The exposure draft (ED) legislation removes tax impediments for foreign investors investing into Australia in order to attract foreign investment and promote the use of Australian fund managers.
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FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 174-Matt Kelly on Dodd-Frank, Uber and Upcoming Compliance Week events
Roger Arnold Says The Worst is Behind Us in Greece
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 173-Adam Turteltaub on upcoming SCCE events
Is Your Financial Institution the Next Target of a Cyber-Attack?
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 172-Scott Killingsworth on Personal Liability of CCOs
Preparing a Company to Deal With Activist Investors
Open for Business: Who's Investing in Latin America
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 170-Yas Froemel and Facilitation Payments
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 169-the First Mailbag Issue
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 167-Mara Senn on the Top 10 Practices in a Cross-Border Investigation
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 166-Sepp Blatter Resigns
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 165-BHP FCPA Enforcement and Lessons Learned for the Compliance Practitioner
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 163-the FIFA Indictments, with Mike Brown
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 162-Kristine Robidoux on new Canadian whistleblower initiatives
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 160-Compliance Week 2015 Wrap Up with Mike Volkov and Jay Rosen
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 159-Alison Taylor on the intersection of CSR and the FCPA
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 158-Jeff Lurie on pre-acquisition M&A protocols
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 157-Training of Third Parties Under the FCPA
FCPA Compliance and Ethics Report-Episode 156-emergency podcast on Deflategate and the Wells Report
Episode 155-Mara Senn on FCPA Investigations and the Decision to Self-Disclose
Widely held partnerships are a significant source of funding for oil, gas and certain natural resources projects, but the publicly traded partnership ("PTP") rules can cause such partnerships to be treated as corporations for...more
As part of its audit committee outreach efforts, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has established a webpage called "Audit Committee Dialogue" focusing on recurrent areas of concern identified by the PCAOB over...more
On June 11, 2015, Quebec's Minister for Mines introduced a bill before the Quebec National Assembly that proposes to impose mandatory reporting requirements on businesses operating in the mining and oil and gas sectors. The...more
Minerals exploration and mining is a very important industry in Australia. Australia has significant reserves of minerals including iron ore, coal, gas, uranium, nickel, gold and rare...more
In a recent unreported decision denying approval of a plan of arrangement under the Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) proposed by Connacher Oil and Gas Limited, Justice C.M. Jones of the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench...more
In early 2015, 9171665 Canada Ltd. and Connacher Oil and Gas Ltd. (together Connacher) applied to the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench (Court) for a final order pursuant to section 192 of the Canada Business Corporations Act...more
Resource planning is a critical task for energy utilities. It is also of great interest to regulators, ratepayers and other industry members such as renewable energy companies....more
On Wednesday (May 6th, 2015), the Treasury Department published proposed regulations under Section 7704(d)(1)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code that define qualifying activities of publicly-traded partnerships with respect to...more
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) recently issued proposed regulations addressing master limited partnership (MLP) qualifying income under Section 7704(d)(1)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code. This Locke Lord QuickStudy...more
On Tuesday, May 5, 2015, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") released proposed regulations defining qualifying income for Master Limited Partnerships ("MLPs"). MLPs are publicly traded partnerships that are taxed as a...more
On May 5, 2015, the IRS issued proposed regulations that provide guidance on whether income from activities with respect to minerals or natural resources is qualifying income for publicly traded partnerships (MLPs). The...more
Sponsors generally form a yieldco or a master limited partnership (MLP) because the structure of these permanent capital vehicles allows for the issuance of equity to investors at a lower cost of capital, providing a...more
On April 20, 2015, the Delaware Court of Chancery issued a post-trial opinion in the case In Re: El Paso Pipeline Partners L.P. (C.A. No. 7141-VCL), finding El Paso Pipeline GP Company LLC, the general partner (GP) of El Paso...more
In this lw.com interview, Latham & Watkins partner Michael Chambers looks at the impact of borrowing base redeterminations on exploration and production (E&P) companies. He also discusses additional debt capacity under high...more
Since the first wind deal utilizing a partnership in 2003 (also known as a "partnership flip," a "pre-tax after-tax partnership," or a "wind safe harbor partnership structure"), there has been a constant evolution of...more
"For distressed exploration and production (E&P) companies and their lenders, there can be many significant legal issues associated with restructuring," according to Latham & Watkins partner Mitchell Seider.
Seider is...more
Why is change of control an issue?
In addition to contractual provisions amongst joint venture parties, change-of-control restrictions are often also included in a country's petroleum laws....more
Earlier today the UK government delivered its last budget before the UK general election in May. Many of the measures were, as one might expect so close to an election, focused on personal rather than corporate taxation....more
Before the Budget was announced, there was natural apprehension that, given the impending general election, the Chancellor would pander to the electorate and sail off course from this Government's carefully navigated path...more
IPO recovery? Last year was the most active year for IPOs in the United States since 2000. That's right: an astounding 275 IPOs were completed in 2014, topping the 2013 total of 222 by more than 23%. Total U.S. IPO proceeds...more
In recent years, African stars have soared. Governments, investors, and citizens have driven – and benefited from – booms in banking, construction, retail, and telecommunications. All along, of course, African states have...more
Statement builds on economic stability, with a focus on certainty for business.
On 5 December, UK Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne released the 2013 Autumn Statement with measures designed to increase...more
Overview -
Master Limited Partnerships are publicly traded partnerships. As of 2010, the market capitalization of MLPs was $220 billion. These publicly traded partnerships invest primarily in energy and associated...more
The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was a public-private partnership (PPP) model introduced by the United Kingdom government back in 1992 as a tool to engage the private sector to design, construct, finance and operate...more
What do solar energy, venture capital, and Florida banks have in common? They all made New Miami headlines this past week....more
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Slim-Fit Cotton Shirt
Unfortunately, this item will not be back in stock.
A smart white shirt will never go out of style and this immaculately crafted cotton piece by Korean brand Wooyoungmi is a slick choice. The sharp double-layered collar and minimalist concealed placket give this formal essential contemporary attitude. Team it with sharp-shouldered tailoring and polished leather Derbies to master the brand's modern sense of refinement. Shown here with a Lanvin cardigan, Wooyoungmi trousers and holdall and Maison Martin Margiela shoes.
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In addition to the new Pew report on US religious trends, this week we also received the 2014 statistics report from the Presbyterian Church (USA).
BBQ Church is Happening on Sunday
What I Did on My Summer "Vacation"... Friends and readers of this blog will know that BBQ has become one of my passions in recent years. As a
The Vine is Dying
I'm growing increasingly frustrated and impatient with mainline Protestant churches like the one I serve, the Presbyterian Church (USA). At every
Into the Deep
I preached this sermon yesterday at our afternoon jazz service. The scripture reading is Luke 5:1-11. My son is finally getting comfortable enough
A Denomination in Decline
This post comes directly from the PC(USA) Mid Councils Commission report (18-19). I wrote this section with input from commission member Karen Dimon.
Dreaming of a Blues Church
Today the Chicago Tribune published the final installment of Howard Reich's excellent series on Chicago blues. I first noticed the series a month


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Articles tagged nikki cox
If one sequestered a gang of adolescent males long enough without female company, they'd sooner or later produce a script for Las Vegas.READ more
Both Nikki and Dwight seem like people you'd be willing to invite into your home for half an hour -- not a quality to underestimate, I realized after watching the first two episodes of this season's 'Friends' and feeling, after they were over, glad to be away from that bunch of screeching narcissists.READ more
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Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Eszter Balint 'Airless Midnight' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
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PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.
// Announcements
"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


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Western Asset Managed High Income Fund, Inc. (MHY) After Hours Trading
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High Yield Bonds Remain Attractive Despite Risks And Concerns
7/1/2015 2:32:00 PM - Seeking Alpha
Did A Butterfly Flap Its Wings In Corporate Bond Markets Last Week?
6/24/2015 8:02:00 AM - Seeking Alpha
One Step Closer To Normal
6/16/2015 8:16:00 PM - Seeking Alpha
Western Asset Managed High Income Fund, Inc. (MHY) Ex-Dividend Date Scheduled for June 17, 2015
6/16/2015 9:00:02 AM - NASDAQ.com News
Losing Confidence In Corporate Bonds
6/13/2015 9:03:00 AM - Seeking Alpha


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Subscription Boxes Now a Recognized Trend
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Guard Against Moving Fraud
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Free Shipping Still Growing in Importance
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Rural Youth: Be Prepared to Move Twice
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The modern winery of Remelluri was established in 1967. The vineyards are farmed organically and the winery employs an integrated system of agriculture. The winemaker is the renowned Telmo Rodriguez. Remelluri's Blanco is the reference standard against which all others are measured in virtually every vintage."
Remelluri Rioja 2007
Tempranillo from Rioja, Spain
Winemaker's Notes
Remelluri are rightly renowned as one of the finest producers in the Rioja region and it's easy to see why. This is a finely crafted, elegant style with great structure and complexity. The nose is warm and inviting with hints of wild strawberry and spice, overlaid with light wood notes. The palate is silky smooth, mellow and warm with savory, ripe berry fruit, touches of tobacco and a little spice.
Critical Acclaim
The Wine Advocate - "The 2007 Remelluri is composed of 90% Tempranillo, 5% Graciano, and 5% Garnacha fermented with indigenous yeasts and aged for 16 months in seasoned French and American oak. Deep purple in color, it reveals an already complex bouquet of exotic spices, leather, violets, mineral, and assorted black fruits. In the glass it is succulent with plush fruit, terrific grip and volume, and a lengthy, rich, supple finish. It can be approached now but is likely to continue filling out for several more years.
Remelluri Winery
Founded by Jaime Rodriguez Salis in 1968, in what were the ruins of a farm that belonged to a monastery from the 14th-century, the winery was a pioneer of the estate-bottled Rioja wines and the concept of "terroir". It is the first winery in Rioja in modern history to bottle wine only from its own vineyards. The vineyards are located in the town of Labastida in Rioja Alavesa, in a natural amphitheater between the mountains of Toloño and San Cristobal, in the foothills of the Sierra Cantabria, 2,100 ft. (700 m) above sea level. This is the highest elevation vineyard in Rioja. The vineyards are planted on 173 acres (70 ha) of well-drained slopes with excellent exposure to the sun. They are protected from west winds but open to some north winds, which help lower the risk of pests that result from humidity. The yield is approximately 4,500-5,000 kg/ha, where in Rioja the average is 6,500 kg/ha. When harvesting, the fruit from vines younger than 7 years is not allowed to be part of the final blend. No chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides are used. Low yields and a high rate of selection at harvest are goals of this property. The soil is chalk-clay in different proportions. These vineyards are a result of the decomposition of the mountain. The climate is typical of mild summers, cold winters; big temperature changes between day and night, with snow common in winter. Temperatures can be as low as 23°F View all Remelluri Wines
About Rioja(ree-OH-hah) Spain makes some of the best Tempranillo-based wines in the world. Once the only DOCa (recently joined by Priorat in 2001), Rioja is divided into 3 sub-regions: Rioja Baja, Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa. There are 4 red varieties and 3 white varieties allowed in the Rioja DOC. Tempranillo definitely takes center stage, followed by Garnacha (Grenache)), which is sometimes added for body, then Graciano and Mazuelo (Carignan). The region also makes roses. For whites, the main grape is Viura (or Macebo), producing fresh, early-drinking wines. Malvasia, the grape that was once the most planted white, is found less often.
Notable FactsThe Rioja wine trade is somewhat confusing. Grapes are typically brought to a merchant's bodega from one of the 20,000+ growers in the region, or via a cooperative. The wine is then bottled and labelled by that bodega. Rioja's Consejo Regulador keeps track of all vineyards and bodegas to make sure they are following the DOCa regulations. Put in place to ensure quality, the system also controls prices.
As with the rest of Spain, the wine label may state Crianza, Reserva or Gran Reserva, depending on barrel & bottle maturation. Crianzas are usually found within two years of the vintage and offer fresh, ripe wines. Reserva and Gran Reserva will be found a few years after the vintage, as the bodega will be aging the wines in barrel and bottle before release. Both typically show more secondary characteristics of spice and oak ageing.
About Spain
The most popular red varieties of Spain include Tempranillo and Garnacha (Grenache). Whites don't garner quite as much recognition, but there are some regional varieties not to be missed, like Albarino and Verdejo. The popular red regions of Spain include Rioja, known for its outstanding wines of the Tempranillo grape; Ribera del Duero, producing high quality reds from Tempranillo and Garnacha; Galacia, with the sub-region of Rias Baixas, home to the deliciously crisp and floral Albarino grape; and Priorat, a region increasing in popularity with its high-quality cult reds. Other regions of note are Rueda, growing the Verdejo grape, La Mancha, a wide desert region, covered in the most planted white variety in the world, Airen, and Jumilla, making wines based on Monastrell (Mourvedre).
Spain's wine laws are based on the Denominacion de Origen (DO) classification system, devised in the 1930's. A four tiered system, the most basic level is Vina de Mesa (table wine) followed by Vino de la Tierra (country wine), DO and at the top DOC. Currently, only Rioja and Priorat have DOC status, while over 65 DO's scatter the country.
Most DO regions are classified and regulated by how long they age the wines. On a red wine label, one may find the terms Crianza, Reserva or Gran Reserva, denoting the wine's barrel and bottle time. Crianza is usually two years between barrel and bottle (the time in each depends on the DO and/or the winemaker), Reserva up to 4 years and Gran Reserva 5 – 6 years. Classifications of each region and wine are controlled by the region's Consejo Regulador.
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Alcohol By Volume GuideMost wine ranges from 10-16% alcohol by volume. Some varietals tend to have higher (for example Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon) or lower alcohol levels (Pinot Noir and many white varietals), but there is always some variation from producer to producer. Some wine falls outside of this range, for instance Port weighs in closer to 20%, while Muscat and Riesling are usually a bit below 10%.
Wine Style Guide
Light & Fruity
- Red wines that are more fruit-forward and lighter in tannin and body.
Smooth & Supple
- Medium bodied reds that go down easy, with smooth tannins and supple fruit.
Earthy & Spicy
- Wines where earthy and/or spicy dominate the flavors – typically medium to full body.
Big & Bold
- Full bodied wines that have concentrated fruit and are higher in alcohol and/or tannins. Some need age.


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$12.99Experience the morning homilies of Pope Francis and witness how he continues to change the life of the Catholic Church. Shortly after seven in the morning, Pope Francis gives a brief homily in the little Vatican chapel of Saint Martha, in front of an audience that is always different: gardeners, office workers, nuns and priests, as well as a growing group of journalists. It is a set appointment,
$14.99In this groundbreaking biography, David Maraniss captures all of football great Vince Lombardi: the myth, the man, his game, and his God.More than any other sports figure, Vince Lombardi transformed football into a metaphor of the American experience. The son of an Italian immigrant butcher, Lombardi toiled for twenty frustrating years as a high school coach and then as an assistant at Fordham,
How Vince Lombardi Took the Worst Team in the NFL and Set It on the Path to GloryJohn Eisenberg's That First Season is the seldom-studied prequel to a phenomenal football career for Vince Lombardi and the Packers, drawing on exhaustive new research and interviews to tell an incredible ensemble tale of a team, a town, and their leader. The once-vaunted Green Bay Packers were a laughing stock by the late 1950s. They hadn't fielded a winning team in more than a decade and were
What It Takes To Be Number #1: Vince Lombardi on LeadershipLeadership continues to be one of the most written-about and most trained-for qualities in business today. And no figure so fully embodies the leadership qualities managers hope to cultivate in their professional and personal lives as the late Vince Lombardi, the greatest NFL coach of all time. The exalted place Lombardi holds in American culture has never been clearer than it is today, as
Words & Wisdom to Motivate, Inspire, and WinVince Lombardi's views on life and leadership--inspiring and motivational--placed in A-Z format for the first time Legendary football coach Vince Lombardi left the national spotlight more than three decades ago, but his fiery words continue to resonate in today's hard-charging business arena. The Essential Vince Lombardi compiles Lombardi's most memorable quotes and phrases, alphabetically by
Life is (almost) beautiful! (Book #2)If you never woke up one morning and found an astute, naughty monkey hiding in your garden, then you can't even imagine how much cold-blood, shrewdness and determination it takes to get out alive from such an absurd situation.Now, if you're not cold-blooded, shrewd and determined at all, well, that is a problem...
Life is (almost) beautiful! (Book #1)A bag of garbage, the dumpster just right across the road, the perfect chance for a relaxing stroll in the warm and fragrant air of a nice spring evening......which soon turns into a gruesome six miles hike in the vain search for a dumpster not too crammed with rotten fruit and dirty diapers, in a suburb suddenly deserted and whipped by polar winds and torrential rain, populated by flying rats,
$1.99Thanks to a bureaucratic quibble and a good bit of luck, three unwary Zimbabwean table tennis players manage to set up a National Table Tennis Team and to qualify to the London 2012 Olympic Games, with actually the sole intent of escaping their country's dictatorial regime.When their plan quickly goes up in smoke they come up with an even crazier idea: kidnapping the fastest man on the planet and
$1.99Tim is 26, lives with his grandma, fears almost everything in this world. Tod is 28, rash and cocky, could upset a Buddhist monk without even speaking.On their first night of work they stumble into each other, and two gangs of mobsters drug-dealing in a fast food bathroom. After they put up the mess of a lifetime and screw the deal, our guys have just twenty four hours to hand back eighty thousand


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In case I decide to use the "adjacency matrix" representation to represent a graph, how would I know what the size of the matrix should be?
All of the code examples I have seen, assume that the size is given to the
Graph object to initialize the matrix, but it is not clear to me where did this size came from.
I mean the I assume that to build, a graph the data of the graph are loaded e.g. from a file, and the best approach would be to create the graph as you read the file (right so far?).
This is very easy using the alternative representation which is lists.
But in the case of
matrix we don't know the number of vertices until the file is actually loaded. I don't believe that we first read the file (which could contain millions of vertices) and then build the graph. It seems to me like double processing.
So what is the usual/best way?
Note: I am aware of benefits of using lists instead, but since most docs say that on dense graphs, using a matrix is acceptable (but not for sparse) I am trying to understand how a program using the
matrix representation is implemented properly.


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It's all about the small things. Dad has been doing some amazing heart work over here in Central Asia. to those watching us (which is pretty muc...
Welcome to Paradise
A YWAM campus in the heart of the Caribbean
At YWAM Destination Paradise, your journey in learning, faith and leadership begins in Belize, and can take you to places you never imagined – in both geography and soul! We run university-level schools and mission training programs that empower people to live, love and lead – Christ-like – throughout the world. Our campus is located on a beautiful island beach, where we keep our community small enough to feel like family and our vision big enough to reach millions and make a global impact.
We take "preparing few to reach millions" – very seriously. Responding to God's call to reach the nations, our outreaches and internships have brought students to 80 countries, and the number is growing every year. Our students also come to YWAM DP from all over the world with this in common: to pursue God passionately and purposefully, with a heart for adventure!
Students trained from
all over the world
Nations reached through
outreaches and internships
Dives completed in
the Belize reef
On Ambergris Caye – the island our campus calls home – shoes are optional, but for us being barefoot is about much more than the sand and sun. It's a Biblical symbol of service and humility. So whether you kick off your sandals or not, come and pursue God with a barefoot heart.
Authored mainly by students and staff, our blog provides an awesome first-hand perspective of the YWAM DP adventure – from the soul-stretching teachings of lecture phase to the exciting and challenging experiences of outreach. Find out what God is doing in lives here in Belize and throughout the world.
It's all about the small things. Dad has been doing some amazing heart work over here in Central Asia. to those watching us (which is pretty muc...
Check out what a day in the life of a YWAM DP student looks like!...
Check out this awesome video showing some of the things that people love most about this place!...
"Thus, when you wake up in the morning, called by God to be a self again, if you want to know who you are, watch your feet. Because where your feet take you, that is who you are."
– Frederich Buechner


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Last issue's news Print and online news archive
2008 Watch List: Completing the picture Bush administration officials vow to advance the President's Management Agenda while there is still time
One year to go, then the handoff OMB says a true test of the President's Management Agenda would be whether it carries over into the next administration
Buzz of the Week: What is Iowa telling us?
New tech could help bolster borders Critics attack State Department's decision to use long-range RFID in passport cards
Green IT specs now required
Lawmakers to micromanage more
Editorial: Let the real debate begin The presidential candidates have given government management issues only glancing attention
Schwartz: Focusing on searchability
Kelman: 3 secrets to productivity
Welles: The age of speed
Lisagor: My crystal ball says...
2008 Watch List: EVM for everyone Office of Management and Budget mandate will propel EVM further into the mainstream
Management briefs
2008 Watch List: Power, servers, nets: Efficiency is in Emerging technologies help agencies get a better grip on IT management and utilization
2008 Watch List: OFPP to rein in interagency contracts New policies likely will target duplicative contracts that offer little additional value
2008 Watch List: Security initiatives show promise Officials express guarded optimism as milestones for major projects converge
The FCW Punch Line Contest: Who's laughing now?
Take the FCW.com poll
Download archive
E-Mail this page
Printable Format
Advanced Search
Meet 100 women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
Click here for the full list
Three-time Federal 100 winner is leaving government in July.
Members of Congress heaped hard questions on federal IT leaders at a June 16 hearing and suggested strongly that somebody needs to be fired.
Senate bill carves out exemption for supercomputing and other lab IT; an earlier version of the measure would have exempted the entire Department of Energy.
OPM is partnering with CSID to try to manage the fallout from a massive breach of some 4 million federal personnel records.
Steve Kelman applauds the OMB's move to make career employees "goal leaders" for performance management initiatives -- but wishes it had come far earlier in the administration.
In an exclusive interview, Jimaye Sones, who was Defense Information Systems Agency comptroller from 2005 to 2013, says he was reassigned after revealing questionable accounting practices at the agency.
Through computer forensics training and internships, veterans are helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement tackle a backlog in child exploitation cases.
After two months on the job studying DOD's cybersecurity and IT needs, Secretary Ashton Carter is set to unveil a new Pentagon cyber strategy in Silicon Valley.
The failure of massive federal IT projects can usually be traced to poor management. The solution is as multilayered as the projects themselves.
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© 1996-2013 1105 Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only.To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to colleagues, clients or customers, visit: www.1105Reprints.com


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
34 year old woman | Sanford, NC, USA | Seeking men 33-40 within 50 miles
Decided to call it quits Hope you boys find what you are looking for cause I havent seem any real men here
I know we have to do this part so that you can get an idea of what a person is like. I really hate putting a book on here because then what will you talk about if you decided the person is someone you want to meet. Plus it's hard to know what a person is truly like by just reading about them. A person is so much more than words on a screen. Well first of all, as you can tell in my pictures, I have a 7 yr old daughter. She is my world. My friends make fun of me because I am always showing off pictures of her or talking about the funny things she does or say to me. I do however, know how to talk about other things. I really do, just be careful about getting me talking about her. I have lived in Sanford,NC my entire life. I love being around my family. My family is very sarcastic, but we always have fun. I am a surgical technologist and just recently started in Cary. People always ask how I could possible do this job, and all i can say is that I love it. Someone has to. I could do into details of what my job entails, but I don't want to gross anyone out... LOL. The days I have my daughter, we go out and have as much fun as we possibly can. We go to places like the beach, the zoo, the park and anything else we come up with when we get up in the morning. The days I dont have her, I love hanging out with my friends. There are nights we leave the guys home and have girls night out. I love girls night. I also enjoy going out to eat and catching a good movie afterwards. I love dancing, but have yet to find a guy that likes to go out and dance. What I am looking for is a guy that can be himself, likes to have fun, and enjoys hanging out with friends and family. I love joking around and want someone who can joke around with me and appreciate my sarcasm. Having someone to go out with is wonderful but they should also be willing to stay home, cuddle on the couch and watch movies on occasion. I am a very affectionate person and love the cuddling and kissing part of a relationship. I would love to find someone who would return the feelings. I could keep going on and on, but if you are interested and want to know more you can always ask me. I don't mind making the first move, but I really enjoy it when the guy does.
I have Cats, Dogs
Middle of the Road
During the summer I go to Oak Island beach alot. I also go to Charlotte and spend time with one of my good friends that I have known since High School. During the winter I go to the mountains as often as I can. I would love to live there one day.
Sandhills Community College, Pinehurst, NC
I enjoy hanging out with my friends either at there house or having a adult night at the bar. I also enjoy going to the movies. There are days when I would just love to stay home and relax. I love going out but staying home cuddling is fun too.
When I don't have my daughter I love going and hanging out with friends, going to the movies. I also enjoy just staying at home doing nothing but watching movies. I am always up for trying new things.
The last book I have read is probably a girly romance novel. I love reading so I am also reading something.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|Big and beautiful
|No preference
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|Yes, but trying to quit
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
I work in the operating room
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Associates degree
|No preference


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A little leftover tile from your home remodel may be a blessing in disguise when you need to repair a tile floor or backsplash. If you end...
BOSTON (AP) — New Balance thinks the U.S. military is dragging its feet.Last April, the Department of Defense announced military recruits would start using athletic shoes 100 percent made and manufactured in America, in...
FIFA and the Canadian Soccer Association deflected criticism about FIFA President Sepp Blatter and secretary general Jerome Valcke not attending the Women's World Cup final, saying the winning captain won't care who hands over the championship...
With the title match looming, Abby Wambach isn't mincing words. "All I care about is winning this World Cup," she said.
There have been a lot of different takes on Superman over the years, but this might be the most ridiculous one yet.In the late '90s,
Marvel has lost yet another exciting director over creative differences: Ava DuVernay has decided not to...
Josh Hartnett and his girlfriend
Pekin Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Texas Education Agency nominated three Texas Panhandle campuses for the national Blue Ribbon Schools program.
MINNEAPOLIS - Yes, Adrian Peterson said, the allegation that he struck his young son with a branch is true. No, he does not believe he committed a crime. This type of discipline, he said, is how his parents punished him.
? On Sept. 27, 1964, the government publicly released the report of the Warren Commission, which concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone in assassinating President John F. Kennedy.
A decade ago, Texas was a poster child for the ills that contributed to a national high school graduation crisis.
? On Jan. 25, 1924, the first Winter Olympic Games opened in Chamonix, France. ? In 1533, England's King Henry VIII secretly married his second wife, Anne Boleyn, who later gave birth to Elizabeth I.
...funding to school districts, colleges, universities and vocational rehabilitation agencies that rely on U.S. Department of Education funds, the department has said. Already, Head Start grants for some offices were not renewed on Sept...
Seventeen Texas Panhandle schools have received federal designation as "priority" and "focus" schools - campuses that have performed in the bottom 15 percent of Title I schools statewide and are subject to federally prescribed sanctions, including closure.As a condition of a waiver Texas received in September from the U.S. Department of Education for aspects of the No Child Left Behind Act, the lowest-performing 15 percent of schools statewide will face federally recommended sanctions if they do not make significant improvement in the next two years.
Philadelphia's public school system has joined several other big-city school systems, such as those in Atlanta, Detroit and Washington, D.C., in widespread teacher-led cheating on standardized academic achievement tests.
OKLAHOMA CITY - It was Christmas in February for members of an Oklahoma House committee Monday.
AUSTIN - Back in 2005, a lifetime ago, Alona Smith was working random jobs as a security guard and taking classes at Austin Community College when she became pregnant.
Amarillo Globe-News ©2013. All Rights Reserved.


text:
No one wants to talk about this. Good post but too bad these forums have a habit of just not addressing the posts that add something to the discussion.
Do you really think this is a good point to bring up in post 9/11 America?
our right, all of our right to be able to protect our selves from all of you guys up there.
So what rights will Americans have to lose before they actually do anything about it? I read recently that three years worth of ammo have been sold for AR-15... maybe the right to bear arms is the one they value most? Sure as hell they don't give a damn about anything else.
Protect yourselves from the guys up there...? America is the biggest prison state on the planet, with nearly two million people in state and federal prisons (and more in jails), there are more people jailed in US than in the rest of the developed world combined. Not important enough I guess. Maybe if they jailed white folks at the same rate as minorities?
The whole nation is under surveillance by the state, and has been for years. When's the scheduled march on Washington to defend your rights? Oh right, never. NDAA passed before with the indefinite detention clause, and it just passed the Senate again... with the clause in tact. The government has killed American citizens without trial... No? Not going to fight the government with a trillion dollar annual budget? But what about your right to defend yourself from oppression?
I don't think anyone wanted to talk about it because it's crystal clear to most that Americans are being stripped of their freedoms on a pretty frequent basis without so much as a peep. Americans aren't the freedom loving people they pretend to be.
Edited by Lockout Casualty, 26 December 2012 - 09:59 AM.


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Detroit Homeowner Charged in Renisha McBride Shooting
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Teen Shot, Killed After Car Accident
Homeowner says gun accidentally discharged when Renisha McBride came to his door looking for help.
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text:
1. Borat makes everything better. GREAT SUCCESS.
2. Physics murder mystery?
3. One can never truly understand the psychology of a football fan.
4. From now on only dogs should be allowed to teach science.
5. What an existential textbook.
6. Just your friendly, neighborhood Spiderman physics equation.
7. Maybe they just wanted to save some money on ink.
8. So what you're saying is rhinos are magical creatures?
9. We always knew something was up.
10. This textbook editor may need new glasses.
11. Is this a Chinese textbook or a guide to growing mutant hands?
13. Always ask a computer who you are… or a mirror.
14. Go home textbook, you're drunk. Literally.
15. Middle Earth always makes geography much more interesting.
16. Sometimes honesty isn't the best policy.
17. …
18. One of these is not like the other.
19. And finally a textbook with all the answers.
Preview Your Response


text:
Arizona Cardinals
Three Cardinals land on midseason All-NFC West team
All 32 teams in the National Football League have played at least half of their schedule, so the lists of midseason awards are plentiful.
Mike Sando, who does a stellar job of covering the NFC West for ESPN.com, has released his midseason NFC West team, and three Arizona Cardinals got the nod.
Defensive end Calais Campbell, inside linebacker Daryl Washington and wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald were all named to Sando's 26-member squad.
Campbell ranks third on the Cardinals' defense with 38 total tackles, and has also registered 3.5 sacks.
Washington leads the entire division with 75 total tackles and eight sacks. In fact, Terry Bradshaw named Washington his midseason Defensive Player of the Year during Fox NFL Sunday prior to the Cardinals' game in Green Bay.
And despite much discussion that Fitzgerald has not been featured enough in Arizona's struggling offense, the nine-year veteran still leads the NFC West with 51 catches and 585 yards.
In all, the San Francisco 49ers had 13 representatives on the team, Seattle had eight and the St. Louis Rams had two.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- Hardware - Monday June 29The Justin Bieber award, the You're Just Mean award, and more of the best/worst of the weekend
- John Clayton, ESPN NFL insider - Friday June 26John Clayton says Denver was never close to trading Peyton Manning.
- Paul Lasike, Cardinals fullback - Wednesday June 24Paul Lasike compares the physicality of football to rugby.
- J.J. Nelson, Cardinals wide receiver - Tuesday June 23J.J. Nelson is learning to calm down and play fast.
- Hardware - Monday June 22The Brat Pack award, The Can We Please Evolve award and more of the best and worst of the weekend


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Narrow your search
One of the first implementations of the company's new stacked CMOS technology confers some useful benefits.
The BlackBerry Leap ditches a physical keyboard to lure folks looking for a modern smartphone experience, but a lack of apps and a lackluster camera keep this device behind the competition.
Apple moves its computer OS even closer to the mobile version with new gestures and faster app launching.
Pricing not available
If you're willing to trade screen size for a superior physical keyboard, the BlackBerry Classic is a fantastic productivity phone for old-school QWERTY junkies.
At $10 for a three-pack, the Bright Stik LED is a compelling value pick in the lighting aisle.
While owners of NFC-enabled phones will benefit from the MiniStation drive's convenient encryption unlocking feature, there are cheaper and faster options available for those with simpler needs.
Its new ILC offers a couple of high-end features, but looks like it might fall short for the $800 buyer Fujifilm's targeting.
While it won't appeal to everyone, the Vivosmart is a solid activity tracker for those individuals who are also interested in receiving basic notifications on their wrist.
The Loop Labs Notion packs eight sensors into a small, white disc. Stick it anywhere and it promises to keep an eye on anything.
The budget-priced Surface 3 is a solid tablet that finally runs the real version of Windows, but it would be a much better value if the must-have keyboard cover was included.