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Product Details
Sport Polished Stainless Steel Diesel Muffler by dB®. The patented RSC mufflers feature a unique combination of straight through, no restriction gas flow and a finely tuned baffle system that cancels out all irritating sound frequencies that cause drone, thus providing both an impressive power rumble and comfortable cruising.
The dB mufflers with their patented RSC Technology combine the best of two worlds. The straight-through unrestricted airflow makes the mufflers as efficient as other aftermarket straight-through mufflers. The sophisticated system of sound-deadening baffles makes it possible to tune the sound as precisely as in the most sophisticated, but power-robbing, OEM and aftermarket baffled mufflers. The RSC Technology mufflers will last forever, being built in 304 Stainless Steel and lacking the easily deteriorating sound absorbent materials of other straight-through mufflers. A RSC muffler is an investment that makes your vehicle sound and perform better, while also providing the comfort of drone-free cruising.335.84 534.51
dB Performance Exhausts® is a brand of truck exhaust systems, manufactured and marketed by TMG Performance Products, a Division of The Mifsud Group. dB Performance Exhaust combines the history and knowledge of the CORSA Performance Exhausts brand, which is well known in the performance car market, with a love of truck customizing. The dB exhaust systems cater to the specific needs of truck enthusiasts and deliver both a perfect truck engine growl and cruising comfort. Utilizing the most advanced manufacturing methods and making every part in the USA, the team at dB Performance Exhausts ensures the highest level of quality. Starting with advanced 3-D Modeling through the engineering phase, advanced acoustic engineering throughout development, and operating automatic mandrel benders and coordinated measuring equipment, the team at dB takes great pride in their parts. dB exhaust systems fit – every time. TMG Performance Products focuses on drivers and the enhancement of driving experiences. This is a focus supported by the entire team of dedicated associates. The company recognizes and values the importance of employees at all levels of an organization, creating long-term value and focus on developing and sustaining job opportunities. TMG Performance Products, a Division of The Mifsud Group, is committed to its employees, its partners, to its values and to delivering premium performance exhausts to consumers.Product Reviews (2)
Every Customer can leave a review about our service and the product that was purchased. In order to leave your review for your new product, please follow the link in the email you receive after completing your purchase. You can rate appearance, ease of installation, price/value and product quality.dB® - Sport Polished Stainless Steel Diesel MufflerAverage Rating: 4.5 of 5APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYShop Now(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY1999 Ford F-250 | Posted by Harold | (Philadelphia, PA)
The sound is awesome. When idling, it has a nice rumble, yet when you get on it, the muffler barks pretty loud.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY1992 Chevy CK Pickup | Posted by Scott | (Elyria, OH)
I really like the muffler. It's much more aggressive than the stock unit and much deeper. I wouldn't mind it being a bit louder, but I'm still very happy.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:
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Hidden gem: Revenue will decline in 2014 only to quickly recover in the years after
IBISWorld's Online Jewelry & Watch Sales market research report can be used to help you: understand market size and growth potential; major companies; draft business plans and pitch books; and conduct benchmarking and SWOT analysis. Our industry analysis highlights macro industry trends in the overall sector and micro trends faced by companies that do business in the industry. The industry report also provides key industry statistics and 5-year forecasts to anticipate future industry prospects so you can decide with confidence.
The Online Jewelry and Watch Sales industry performed well over the past five years due to consumers' mounting affinity for quick and easy online shopping. As disposable incomes rebounded, industry revenue has grown more strongly. With the economy continuing along its upward trajectory, consumer demand for discretionary items like jewelry will grow steadily. However, the industry's players will feel intensifying internal competition as the number of online jewelers grows and restrains profit growth.... purchase to read more
The industry's top four players are estimated to account for an estimated 17.4% of industry revenue in 2015. This is characteristic of an industry with low market share concentration. Over the past five years, IBISWorld expects that the industry's concentration has decreased slightly. Even though major players increased marketing expenditure and solidified their positions as the top players in the online market, there has been a rapid and considerable rise in smaller industry players over the period mitigating exceptional concentration growth.
Industry player Signet Jewelers Ltd displayed the most phenomenal growth over the period; however, this growth came off a low base, coupled with the acquisition of Ultra in 2012... purchase to read more
Operators in this industry sell fine jewelry, artificial jewelry, watches and costume jewelry over the internet. Operators include online-only retailers as well as brick-and-mortar stores that have an online presence.
Industry Definition
Main Activities
Similar Industries
Additional Resources
Executive Summary
Key External Drivers
Current Performance
Industry Outlook
Industry Life Cycle
Supply Chain
Products & Services
Major Markets
Business Locations
Competitive Landscape
Market Share Concentration
Key Success Factors
Cost Structure Benchmarks
Barriers to Entry
Capital Intensity
Industry Data
Annual Change
Key Ratios

subset: commoncrawl


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December 2012
Nimble, Fiery, Delectable
Falstaff with Great Wine Jug and Mug, Eduard von Grützner, 1896 From Lapham's Quarterly: On a June day in 1598, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, nearly three thousand patrons file into The Curtain, a London playhouse on the outskirts of the city, along the Shoreditch road. They...Read More
For 20 years at the end of his life, Marcel Duchamp did little more than play chess…
From The Smart Set: Robert Rauschenberg made a series of all-white paintings after meeting Cage and Cunningham and seeing the work they were doing in the early 1950s. Cage called Rauschenberg's white paintings "landing strips," meaning that they were like little airports for light and shadow and dust to...Read More
Strange Monsters
Nearly a decade ago, I sat in a class entitled, quite simply, "Corporations," taught by Vijay Prashad at Trinity College. Over the course of the semester, I was amazed at the extent of Prashad's knowledge, and the complexity and erudition of his style. He has since authored a number...Read More
Even the crafted poetry menu would look strange…
Much of modern poetry is unintelligible or seems incoherent. That's not modern poetry's problem though. The problem with modern poetry is the absence of a general interest reader of poetry. Cautious readers avoid the crafted, arched bridges called poems precariously balanced over esoteric estuaries. But was there ever a...Read More
The Now
Nostalgia No. 3, Ma Leonn, 2006 From BBC: Throughout the 20th Century, the preservation of individuals' memories became cheaper and so more ubiquitous, but it wasn't until the last decade that the seamless interconnection of mobile recording devices with the world wide web allowed for the retention of the...Read More
Merry Xmas
Photograph by Draculina Ak From 3 Quarks Daily: I have very fond memories from the 1990s of listening to a friend's Gujarati Indian immigrant family butcher Christmas carols. It was an annual Christmas Eve tradition for these religious Hindus. Each year, with women on one side of the room...Read More
Deborah Cameron: Integration for the Nation
Last week, the Labour leader Ed Miliband made a much-hyped speech about 'cultural integration'. He faced the usual problem: how to placate that section of Labour's traditional, white working class constituency which opposes immigration, without at the same time alienating minorities and the anti-racist Left. And he reached for...Read More
'Iago as much as Imogen'
Moby Dick Arises from the Deep, Gilbert Wilson From The Chronicle Review: The poet most likely to practice and evoke ethical imagination is not "poetical," in the sense of flamboyant or opinionated. Thinking of Shakespeare, Keats, who was Shelley's contemporary, claimed that the most powerful versifier "has no identity"...Read More
John Gaffney: Hitler's 'Something'
The stunning spectacle of mass hero-worship in the Third Reich is compelling, in particular, the sight of unbridled joy at these mass rallies. This is even more so given that we – unlike those smiling faces - know what happened next, the nightmare of World War II and the...Read More
Life and Chemistry, Melancholia and Depression
I've spent a good deal of time lately reading up on the set of historical, medical and philosophical conditions known for centuries as melancholia and more recently as depression. My interest is that I've been commissioned to write a book about melancholia, but I'll be writing it because it's...Read More
Fly by Night
Bird migration at Eddystone Lighthouse, by Charles Samuel Keene From American Scientist: Migration likely brings to mind the familiar sight of geese flying overhead in their iconic V formation, honking stridently as they fly toward their faraway goal. But the migration of many birds is a rarely observed phenomenon....Read More
Always an Audience
Photograph by Tolga Musato by Gregory Jusdanis What was more dazzling, my view of the Bosphorus with the Aghia Sophia and the Blue Mosque or the conversation? In Istanbul last month I rediscovered what I treasure whenever I go abroad: the well-roundedness and cosmopolitanism of intellectuals in comparison with...Read More
Ronald Hendel: Genesis as Magical Realism
It occurred to me that Genesis is such a supreme fiction, or perhaps it is the supreme fiction in western culture, which begat many others. For thousands of years this book has been the mirror or lamp that reveals what reality consists of – regarding the nature of human...Read More
Nature's Grain
Fallen Leaf Lake in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1905 by Justin E. H. Smith For most of my adult life, beginning, really, in the rebellious years of adolescence, I have been against nature. This phrase, against nature, is the standard title for the English translation of J.-K. Huysmans'...Read More
"Det er det rene volapyk"
Johann Schleyer on a harp given to him as a 50th birthday present by his colleagues at Sionsharfe, a magazine devoted mainly to Catholic poetry, which Schleyer edited and in which he first published on Volapük in 1879 by Arika Okrent Johann Schleyer was a German priest whose irrational...Read More
The cross-dressing Qiu Jin was emblematic of a revolutionary feminist current at the end of the Qing era, writing urgently on women's emancipation: "While...Read More
They had obviously taken the pictures of the whale, and the group of people carrying it, out of curiosity. But still the images failed...Read More
We recognise oscillation to be the natural order of the world.Read More
While Sarah Silverman jokingly tells us that her Jewish identity has more to do with her body than with the "responsibilities and limitations" that...Read More
An offering that might well remain in its being offered.Read More
I get the impulse to look to the canon, but I think we should try and challenge and squash the canon, too.Read More
It all started with cellphones, a long time ago. No student, and few teachers, would make voice calls from class, but in the early...Read More
Although Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff's translation of À la recherche du temps perdu is considered by many journalists and writers to be the best...Read More
By now, we are all of us more or less apocalyptic. Our calendar is itself based on the apocalyptic return of Jesus Christ, counting...Read More
Not that 'the critic' has ever been a greatly appreciated or understood figure. Some fat toad with a feather in his hat who thinks...Read More
The extreme centre is a form of government that arose out of neoliberal economics and exists today in virtually the whole of Europe, North...Read More
Perhaps this is what finally draws me back to the Western. It is a fundamentally serious genre. It deals with serious questions, and it...Read More
How may we speak of that which goes off the record in an age of digital colonisation?Read More
The designer Michael Graves, who passed away at the age of 80 on March 12th, was widely considered to be one of the founding...Read More
Dear You, I am writing these lines from northern Washington on the day of the year when I most hate northern Washington; the one that does not end.Read More
"The Body of Michael Brown"; an attempt, as it is, of an intellectual, resolute, unemotional, detached, blasé, imperious person, to cast into literature not merely his wit and arrogance, but pre-existing form and content, unaltered, regardless of conventionRead More
Tyranny is a growth industry. Each day brings exciting new developments. These events imprint themselves upon the world in the form of newspapers, magazines, books, blogs, dictionaries. In order to keep pace, language is constantly changing, evolving fresh forms to cover new forms of political degeneracy, stretching to describe new varieties of corruption and war-mongering. Nazi, genocide, Auschwitz, Gulag, Communism, class struggle: each word brought into being to describe actions previously thought unimaginable or impossible.Read More
"If reading is not to be simply synonymous with deciphering, commentary or even interpretation," Geoffrey Bennington has written, "then it must inevitably encounter the question of the unreadable"Read More


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A short animation written by M Soraya and made by us for a competition.
The music is by Thore Eckert and Judith Jensen, who composed and performed it for a short film we did in 2007 called Ensomgade.
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Recently we took Aurora to see In The Night Garden Live at The O2.
A week ago Michelle, Jackie, Aurora and I got back from a week's holiday in the Lake District, staying in Keswick.
Rather predictably I took a fair number of photos, and I've put some of them together into a little account of the trip.
Last weekend Michelle had arranged to spend a long weekend with what Aurora now refers to as her "knitting friends", so Aurora and I decided to use the opportunity to pop over and visit Mum and Dad.
After eighteen years there's a new version of HTTP. Having heard comparatively little about it until now, I decided to take a quick look.
The Web is surely the most used service on the Internet by far — so much so, in fact, that I'm sure to many people the terms "Web" and "Internet" are wholly synonymous.
Perhaps one of the most remarkable things about the Web is that despite the revolutionary changes in the services offered over it, the protocol that underpins the whole thing, HTTP, has remained remarkably unchanged for almost two decades. The Web as we know it now runs more or less entirely over HTTP/1.1, the version standardised in 1997, receiving only minor tweaks since then.
However, the venerable old HTTP/1.1 is now starting to look a little creaky when delivering today's highly dynamic and media-rich websites. In response to this, Google set a handful of its boffins to planning solutions to what it saw as some of the more serious issues — the result was a new protocol known as SPDY. This was intended to be more or less compatible with HTTP at the application level, but improve matters in the underlying layers.
In fact, SPDY has essentially formed the basis of the new HTTP/2 standard, the long-awaited replacement for HTTP/1.1 — so much so that Google has indicated that it plans to drop support for SPDY in favour of the new standard, and the other main browser vendors seem to be following suit. Since it seems to have fairly broad support, it's probably useful to take a quick look at what it's all about, then.
But before looking at HTTP/2 itself, what are the issues it's trying to solve? The main one, as I see it, is latency — the amount of time between the first request for a page, and finally seeing the full thing loaded on screen.
There are other issues which add to the latency problem. HTTP headers need to be repeated with each request — this is quite wasteful as the ASCII representation of these headers is quite verbose compared to the data contained therein. Clients also need to make a good deal of progress through parsing the main HTML page to figure out which additional files need to be fetched and this adds yet more latency to the overall page load process.
Some of you may be thinking at this point that there's an existing partial solution to some of these issues: pipelining. This is the process by which a client may send multiple requests without waiting for responses, leaving the server to respond in sequence to them as quickly as it can. Hence, as the client parses the response to the initial request, it can immediately fire off requests for the additional files it needs and this helps reduce latency by avoiding a round-trip-time for each request.
This is a useful technique but it still suffers from a significant problem known as head of line blocking. Essentially this is where a response for a large object holds up further responses on the connection — so for example, fetching a large image, without which the page could quite possibly still be usefully rendered, could hold up fetching of a CSS file which is rather more crucial.
Latency, then, is an annoying issue — so how does HTTP/2 go about solving it?
In essence what they've done is allow multiple request/response streams to be multiplexed onto a single connection. They're still using TCP, but they've added a framing layer on top of that, so requests and responses are split up into frames of up to 16KB (by default). Each frame has a minimal header which indicates to which stream the frame belongs and so clients and servers can request and serve multiple resources concurrently over the same connection without suffering from the head of line blocking issue.
This is, of course, a pretty fundamental change from HTTP/1.1 and so they've
also had to add a negotiation mechanism to allow clients and servers to agree
to handle a connection over HTTP/2. The form this mechanism takes differs
between HTTP and HTTPS. In the former case the existing HTTP/1.1
Upgrade header is supplied with the
h2c. There's also a
HTTP2-Settings header which must be supplied
to specify the parameters of the new HTTP/2 connection, should the server
accept — I'll cover these settings in a moment. If the server supports
HTTP/2 it can accept the upgrade by sending a
101 Switching Protocols
response and then respond to the initial request using HTTP/2 — otherwise it
can treat the request as if the header wasn't present and respond as normal for
For HTTPS a different mechanism is used, Application Layer Protocol Negotiation. This is an extension to TLS that was requested by the HTTP/2 working group and was published as an RFC last year. It allows a client and server to negotiate an application layer protocol to run over a TLS connection without additional round trip times. Essentially the client includes a list of the protocols it supports in its ClientHello message from which the server selects its most preferred option and indicates this choice in its ServerHello response.
However the connection was negotiated, both endpoints then send final confirmation of HTTP/2 in the form of a connection preface. For the client this takes the form of the following fixed string followed by a SETTINGS frame:
As an aside you may be wondering why the client is obliged to send a
HTTP2-Settings header with its upgrade request if it's then required to
send a SETTINGS frame anyway — I've no idea myself, it seems a little
wasteful to me. The RFC does allow that initial SETTINGS frame to be
empty, though.
The server's connection preface is simply a SETTINGS frame, which may also be empty. Both endpoints must also acknowledge the new frames by sending back empty SETTINGS frames with an ACK flag set. At this point the HTTP/2 connection is fully established.
The SETTINGS frames (or the
HTTP2-Settings header) are used to set
per-connection (not per-stream) parameters for the sending endpoint. For
example, they can be used to set the maximum frame size that endpoint is
prepared to accept, or disable server push (see later). A full list of the
settings can be found in the RFC.
As I've already mentioned, all HTTP/2 communication is packetised, although of course since it's running over a stream-based protocol then only one packet can be in flight on a given connection at once. The frame format includes a 9 byte header with the following fields:
The size of the frame, not including the 9-byte header. This must not exceed 16KB unless otherwise negotiated with appropriate SETTINGS frames.
An 8-bit integer indicating the type of this frame.
A bitfield of flags whose interpretation depends on the frame type.
Protocol designers do love their reserved fields. Should always be zero in the current version of the protocol.
A large part of the purpose of HTTP/2 is to multiplex multiple concurrent requests and this is done by means of streams. This ID indicates to which stream this frame applies. Stream ID 0 is special and reserved for frames which apply to the connection as a whole as opposed to a specific stream. Stream IDs are chosen by endpoints and namespaced by the simple expedient of the client always choosing odd-numbered IDs and the server limiting itself to even-numbered IDs. In the case of an upgraded HTTP connection the initial request is automatically assumed to be stream 1.
The RFC specifies a complete state machine for streams which I won't go into in detail here. Suffice to say that there are two main ways to initiate a new stream — client request and server push. We'll look at these in turn.
When the client wishes to make a new request, it creates a new stream ID (odd-numbered) and sends a HEADERS frame on it. This replaces the list of headers in a conventional HTTP request. If the headers don't fit in a single frame then one or more CONTINUATION frames can be used to send the full set, with the final frame being indicated by an END_HEADERS flag being set.
The format of the headers themselves has also changed in HTTP/2 as a form of Huffman Encoding with a static dictionary is now used to compress them. This is actually covered in a separate RFC and I don't want to go into it in too much detail — essentially it's just a simple process for converting a set of headers and values into a compressed binary form. As you might expect, this scheme does allow for arbitrary headers not covered by the static dictionary, but it's designed such that common headers take up very little space.
The block of binary data that results from the encoding process is what's split up into chunks and placed in the HEADERS and CONTINUATION frames sent as part of making a request. One thing that initially surprised me is that one single sequence of frames which make up one header block must be transmitted sequentially — no other frames, not even from other streams, may be interleaved. The reason for this is pretty clear, however, when you realise that the process of decoding a header block is stateful — this restriction ensures that any given connection only needs one set of decoder state to be maintained, as opposed to one per stream, to keep resource requirements bounded. One consequence of this is that very large header blocks could lead to HTTP/1.1-style head of line blocking could result, but I very much doubt this is an issue in practice.
There are a few other things to note about the transmission of headers other
than the compression. The first is that all headers are forced to lowercase
for transmission — this is just to assist the compression, and since HTTP
headers have always been case-insensitive this shouldn't affect operation.
The second thing to note is that the
Cookie header can be broken up
into separate headers, one for each constituent cookie. This reduces the
amount of state that needs to be retransmitted when cookies change.
The third and final item of note is slightly more profound — the information that used to be presented in the initial request and response lines has now moved into headers. Any request is therefore expected to contain at least the following pseudo-headers:
The method of the request — e.g.
GET or
The URL scheme of the requested resource — e.g.
http or
The path and (optionally) query parameters portion of the requested URL.
Similarly the response also contains a pseudo-header:
The status code of the response as a bare integer — there is no longer a way to include a "reason" phrase.
At this point, therefore, we've got a way to send a request, including
headers. After this point any request body is sent via DATA frames.
Due to the framing of HTTP/2 there's no need for chunked encoding, of course,
although the standard does still allow a
Content-Length header. Whether
or not the request contains a body, it is terminated by its final frame
having the END_STREAM flag set — this puts the stream into a "half-closed"
state where the request is finished and the client is awaiting a response.
The response is sent using HEADER, CONTINUATION and DATA frames in the same way as the request, and completion of the response is similarly indicated by the final frame having END_STREAM set. After this point the stream is closed and finished with — this has echoes of the old HTTP/1.0 approach of closing the connection to indicate the end of a response, but of course doesn't have the overhead of closing and re-opening TCP connections associated with it.
That's covered a standard client request, so what about this "push" mechanism that's been added?
Well, one of the causes of latency when opening a multimedia website is the fact that the client has to scan the original requested page for links to other media files, and then send requests for this. In many cases, however, the server already knows that the client is very likely to, for example, request images that are linked within a HTML page. As a result, the overall page load time could be reduced if the server could just send these resources speculatively along with the main requested page — in essence, this is server push.
When the client makes a request the server can send PUSH_PROMISE frames on the same stream that's being used for the DATA frames of the response. These frames (and potentially associated CONTINUATION frames) contain a header block which corresponds to a request that the server believes the client will need to make as a result of the currently requested resource. They also reference a new stream ID which is reserved by the server for sending the linked resource. At this point the client can decide if it really does want the offered resource — if so, all it has to do is wait until the server starts sending the response, consisting of the usual HEADERS, CONTINUATION and DATA frames. If it wishes to reject the push, it can do so by sending a RST_STREAM frame to close the stream.
That's about it for server push. The only slightly fiddly detail is that the server has to send the PUSH_PROMISE frame prior to any DATA frames that reference the offered resource — this prevents any races where the client could request a pushed resource. The flip side to this is that a client is not permitted to a request a resource whose push has been offered. This is all fairly common sense.
The only other details of HTTP/2 that I think are interesting to note are some details about prioritisation and flow control.
Flow control is intended to prevent starvation of streams or entire connections — since many requests could be in flight on a single connection, this could become quite an important issue. Flow control in HTTP/2 is somewhat similar to the TCP protocol where each receiver has an available window which is an amount of data they've indicated they're prepared to accept from the other end. This defaults to a modest 64KB. Windows can be set on a per-connection and a per-stream basis, and senders are required to ensure that they do not transmit any frames that would exceed either available window.
Each endpoint can update its advertised windows with WINDOW_UPDATE frames. On systems with a large number of resources flow control can be effectively disabled by advertising the maximum window size of . When deciding whether to use flow control, it's important to remember that advertising a window size which is too small, or not sending WINDOW_UPDATE frames in a timely manner, could significantly hurt performance, particularly on high latency connections — in these days of mobile connectivity, I suspect latency is still very much an issue.
As well as simple flow control, HTTP/2 also introduces a prioritisation mechanism where one stream can be made to be independent of another by sending a PRIORITY frame with the appropriate details. Initially all streams are assumed to depend on the non-existent stream 0 which effectively forms the root of a dependency tree. The intent is that these dependencies are used to prioritise the streams — where there is a decision about on which stream to send/receive frames next, endpoints should give priority to streams on which other depend over those streams that depend on them.
As well as the dependencies themselves, there's also a weighting scheme, where resources can be shared unevenly between the dependencies of a stream. For example, perhaps images used for a navigation are regarded as more important than a background texture and hence can be given either higher weight such that they download faster over a connection with limited bandwidth.
That's about it for the protocol itself — so what does it all mean?
My thoughts on the new protocol are rather mixed. I think the the multiplexing of streams is a nice idea and there's definite potential for improvement over secure a single secure connection. Aside from the one-time cost of implementing the protocol, I think it also has the potential to make life easier for browser vendors since they won't have to worry so much about using ugly hacks to improve performance. There's also good potential for the prioritisation features to really improve things over high latency and/or low bandwidth connections, such as mobile devices in poor reception — to make best use of this browsers will need to use a bit of cleverness to improve their partial rendering of pages before all the resources are fetched, but at least the potential is there.
On the flip side, I have a number of concerns. Firstly, it's considerably
more complicated, and less transparent, then standard HTTP/1.1. Any old
idiot can knock together a HTTP/1.1 client library1 but HTTP/2
definitely requires some more thought — the header compression needs someone
who's fairly clueful to implement it and although the protocol allows the
potential for improved performance, a decent implementation is also required
to take advantage of this. With regards to transparency it's going to make it
considerably harder to debug problems — with HTTP/1.1 all you need is
tcpdump or similar to grab a transcript of the connection and
you can diagnose a significant number of issues. With HTTP/2 the multiplexing
and header compression are going to make this much trickier, although I
would expect more advanced tools like Wireshark to have
decoders developed for them fairly quickly, if they haven't already.
Of course, transparency of this sort isn't really relevant if you're already running over a TLS connection, and this reminds me of another point I'd neglected to mention — although the protocol includes negotiation methods over both HTTP and HTTPS, at least the Firefox and Chrome dev teams appear to be indicating they'll only support HTTP/2 over TLS. I'm assuming they simply feel that there's insufficient benefit over standard HTTP, where multiple connections are opened with much less overhead. I do find this stance a little disappointing, however, as I'm sure there are still efficiencies to be had in allow clients more explicit prioritisation and flow control of their requests.
Speaking of prioritisation, that's my second concern with the standard — the traffic management features are quite complicated and rely heavily on servers to use them effectively. A standard webserver sending out static HTML can probably have some effective logic to, for example, push linked images and stylesheets — but this isn't at all easy when you consider that the resources are linked in the URL space but the webserver will have to check for that content in the filesystem space. Life is especially complicated when you consider requests being served by some load-balanced cluster of servers.
But even aside from those complexities, today's web is more dynamic than static. This means that web frameworks are likely going to need serious overhauls in order to allow their application authors the chance to take advantage of HTTP/2's more advanced features; and said authors are similarly going to have to put in some significant work on their applications as well. Some of these facilities come "for free", such as header compression, but not most of them by my estimation.
My third annoyance with the standard is its continued reliance on TCP. Now I can see exactly why they've done this — moving to something like UDP or SCTP would be a much more major shift and have made it rather harder to maintain any kind of HTTP/1.1 compatibility. But the fact remains that implementing a packet-based protocol on top of a stream-based protocol on top of a packet-based protocol is anything but elegant. I have all sorts of vague concerns about how TCP and HTTP/2 features could interact badly — for example, what happens if a client consistently chooses frame sizes that are a few bytes bigger than the path MTU? How will the TCP and HTTP/2 window sizes interact on slow connections? I'm not saying these are critical failings, I can just see potential for annoyances which will need to be worked around there.2
My final issue with it is more in the nature of an opportunity cost. The standard resolves some very specific problems with HTTP/1.1 but totally missed the chance to, for example, add decent session management. Cookies are, and always have been, a rather ugly hack — something more natural, and more secure by design, would have been nice.
Still, don't get me wrong, HTTP/2 definitely looks to solve some of HTTP/1.1's thorny performance problems and assuming at least major web services upgrade their sites intelligently, we should be seeing some improvements once support is rolled out more widely.
This is part 8 of the "C++11 Features" series which started with C++11: Move Semantics.
I've finally started to look into the new features in C++11 and I thought it would be useful to jot down the highlights, for myself or anyone else who's curious. Since there's a lot of ground to cover, I'm going to look at each item in its own post — this is the second of the final two that cover what I feel to be the most important changes to the standard template library.
Continuing on from the last post here are the remaining library changes for C++11 which I think are particularly noteworthy.
The venerable old
std::auto_ptr has been in the STL for
some time and works tolerably well for simple cases of an RAII pointer.
It has, however, some signficant drawbacks:
delete on its owned pointer, never
As a result of this in C++11
std::auto_ptr is deprecated and has been
replaced by the improved
std::unqiue_ptr. This has similar
semantics in that ownership can only exist with one instance at a time —
if ownership is transferred, the pointer is set to
nullptr in the old
instance, as with
The advantages of this class are essentially the removal of the three limitations mentioned above:
std::move, reducing the chances
that the transfer could happen at times the programmer didn't intend.
delete or
delete[] will be called as appropriate.
This improved
std::unqiue_ptr is a fairly thin wrapper around a native
pointer and actually incurs pretty minimal overhead on dereference. On the
other hand, its simple semantics make it unsuitable for multithreaded
use-cases — that's where the other new smart pointer
std::shared_ptr comes in.
As the name implies,
std::shared_ptr allows multiple references to the
same underlying pointer. The pointer itself is wrapped in some reference
counting structure and the destructor of each
std::shared_ptr reduces
the reference count by 1, the resource being deleted when the count
reaches zero. Assignment of a different pointer to a `std::shared_ptr' reduces
the reference count on the previous pointer as well, of course. In short, it's
the obvious reference-counting semantics you'd expect.
Since one of the common use-cases of
std::shared_ptr is in multithreaded
applications, it's probably no surprise that the underlying reference counting
structure is thread-safe — multiple threads can all safely own their own
std::shared_ptr instances which point to the same underlying resource.
It's worth remembering that the non-
const methods of the
std::shared_ptr themselves are not thread-safe, however, so sharing
instances of
std::shared_ptr itself between threads could lead to races. The
semantics of the class make it easy to simply assign to a new instance when the
pointer passes to a new thread, however, so it's not hard to use correctly.
The final new smart pointer in C++11 is the
This can share ownership of a resource with
std::shared_ptr instances
std::unique_ptr), however the reference so created is not sufficient
to prevent the underlying resource from being deleted. This could be useful
for secondary structures which, for example, keep track of all allocated
instances of a particular class, but don't want those references to keep the
instances in memory once the primary owning class has deleted it.
Because a
std::weak_ptr can become
nullptr at any point due to operations
in other threads, some care has to be taken when dereferencing it. It's
possible to construct a
std::shared_ptr from one, which will guarantee that
either it's still extant and will remain so for the lifetime of the
std::shared_ptr, or it's no longer extant and he
constructor will raise an exception.
std::weak_ptr itself also has a
method which returns a
std::shared_ptr for the underlying pointer — the
behaviour in this case is quite similar except that if the resource has been
freed then an empty pointer object is returned instead of an exception raised.
All quite straightforward — exactly how language features should be.
The core C and C++ libraries have never had hugely comprehensive facilities
for random number generation. Well, let's face it, they've had
rand() and
srand() and that's about your lot.
For many programmers I'm sure that's plenty, and part of me thinks that
more specialised use-cases in statistics and the like perhaps belong in
their own third party libraries.
That said, if you're writing code in a commercial context where things like licences and packaging become troublesome issues to deal with, there's definite value in not having to resort to third party code. Comparing writing code in, say, Perl and Python, I vastly prefer Python. Now partly that's just because I like the language better, of course, but it's also the standard library — part of a language that's too often discounted from comparisons in my opinion1.
Perl always seems to involve grabbing a whole raft of stuff from CPAN. Then you have the fun of figuring out where to install it so that your code can see it, whether anyone else in your organisation is already using it so that you don't have to install multiple copies, how you handle sudden urgent security updates to the libraries while you're in the midst of a release cycle, how you fix urgent bugs in your own copy whilst not losing the ability to merge in upstream fixes, whether your company allows you to contribute your fixes back to the upstream at all, and so on and so forth. All these issues have resolutions, of course, but the point is that it's a pain when one of the main reasons you used a library was probably to reduce effort.
Taking all that2 into account, and getting back to the matter in hand, I'm therefore quite glad that the C++ standards committee has decided to include some much improved random number facilities in C++11 even if I don't necessarily think I'll have much cause to use them in the forseeable future.
The new facilities split random number generation into two parts:
Looking at the engine first, this is a functor which, when called, yields
the next item in whatever pseudorandom sequence it's generating. It also
has a
seed() method to set the initial seed state,
discard() to skip
ahead a specified amount in the sequence and static
min() and
methods to query the potential range of generated values.
The library provides three basic options:
Fast and with small storage requirements.
Not quite so fast, and larger storage requirements, but with a longer non-repeating sequence and (in some ways) more randomly distributed results.
Fast even on archiectures with only simple arithmetic instruction sets, but with larger storage requirements.
Typically I suspect the architecture will determine the choice used — in lieu of strict performance and/or memory requirements, I'd suggest the old favourite Mersenne Twister.
There are also engine adapters such as the
std::discard_block_engine which discards some
of the output of an underlying base engine. Presumably the intention is that
these adapters can be used to improve some randomness criteria of imperfect
underlying engines, but I can't help but think that in most cases where one
is so concerned about the quality of the random numbers one should probably
be using a true entropy source. Still, I'm hardly an expert and I'm sure
there are good reasons why these were added.
Once the underlying engine has generated a raw stream of random numbers, the distribution transforms these in such a way that the resultant stream matches some probability distribution. There are over 20 options for this that I'm aware of, and presumably the potential for many more to be defined later. A handful for flavour:
Generates integers distributed evenly across a specified range.
Generates real numbers distributed evenly across a specified range.
Generates values that are normally distributed around specified mean and standard deviation values.
Generates values that are binomially distributed given the number of trials and probability of success.
Overall it seems quite comprehensive, even if I'm still not quite sure for how many people this will remove the need for more specialist third party libraries.
STL containers are both flexible and convenient, but to my mind they've always had two weaknesses: they involve an annoying amount of copying; and you can't store references, only pointers. C++11 provides move semantics as a solution to the first problem — and wrapper references as a solution to the second.
A wrapper reference is really just a placeholder that can be used very much like a reference, although some minor hoops must be jumped through when performing assignment. The following code snippet shows how they can be used to assign to underlying values:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
#include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <vector> int main() { int array[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<int>> vec; vec.push_back(array[0]); vec.push_back(array[2]); for (int& it : vec) { it = 99; } for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { std::cout << array[i] << std::endl; } return 0; }
The result is that
array[0] and
array[2] are set to
99, whereas all
the other values in
array remain the same.
As well as the template
there's also the
std::ref and closely related
helper functions which allow a slightly more convenient syntax for creating
wrapper references by using type inference.
As well as storing references in containers there are a number of other potential uses for wrapper references, one of the main ones being to instantiate template functions such that they take references to their arguments:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
#include <functional> #include <iostream> template <class T> void function(T a, T b) { a += b; } int main() { int x = 3; int y = 4; // Will instantiate function<int>. function(x, y); std::cout << "x=" << x << ", y=" << y << std::endl; // Will instantiate function<std::reference_wrapper<int>>. function(std::ref(x), std::ref(y)); std::cout << "x=" << x << ", y=" << y << std::endl; return 0; }
C++ has lots of mechanisms to make things generic, such as polymorphism, overloading and templating. One thing that's always been difficult to do, however, is have a generic notion of a callable — i.e. something which can be invoked in a function-like manner, but which may not necessarily be a function.
There are various ways to refer to callables — function pointers, member function pointers and functors are all examples. But C++'s type-safety makes it tricky to declare something that can wrap all these up.
No longer, however — now we have
std::function for just
this purpose. This can wrap up any callable which matches the return
and argument types of the wrapper and otherwise acts like a regular functor.
One other benefit is that it has the property of a pointer in that it can be
uninitialised — in this case calling it will throw the
std::bad_function_call exeption. Here's an example that demonstrates this,
as well as using the wrapper with both a function and functor:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
#include <functional> #include <iostream> #include <string> std::string multiplyStringFunc(std::string s, unsigned int num) { std::string ret; for (/* blank */; num > 0; --num) { ret.append(s); } return ret; } class MultiplyStringFunctor { public: std::string operator()(std::string s, unsigned int num) { return multiplyStringFunc(s, num); } }; int main() { std::function<std::string(std::string, unsigned int)> wrapper; try { std::cout << wrapper("bad", 1) << std::endl; } catch (std::bad_function_call) { std::cout << "Called invalid function" << std::endl; } wrapper = multiplyStringFunc; std::cout << wrapper("hello ", 2) << std::endl; wrapper = MultiplyStringFunctor(); std::cout << wrapper("world ", 3) << std::endl; return 0; }
While this is all undeniably convenient, you should bear in mind that there is, unsurprisingly, an overhead to using these wrappers. As a run-time mechanism there's no way they'll ever be as efficient as, say, a raw templated function, where the heavy lifting is done at compile time. The Boost documentation has some discussion of performance, but I think an issue that's at least as critical as the raw overhead itself is the opportunity cost of the compiler being unable to inline or otherwise optimise your code at compile time.
Nonetheless, such performance concerns are often not dominant in a design compared to, say, extensibility and maintainability, so it's definitely good to know there's now a proper callable interface class available.
I'm only going to skim this one because it leans heavily in the direction of template metaprogramming, in whose waters I've dipped just the most tentative toe. However, I think the basic mechanism is simple enough to explain, so I'll try to illustrate with some simplistic examples and leave it as an exercise to the reader to extrapolate into, say, an entire BitTorrent tracker that runs wholly at compile time3.
C++ has had templates for quite a long time — these are a great way to write
generic code across multiple types. You make some basic assumptions
about your type (e.g. it has a method
foo() or supports operator
+) and
the compiler should let you know if your assumptions don't hold at compile
time — possibly in a fairly cryptic manner, but it should let you know.
Since it can be hard to write pleasant/optimal/correct code that works for a range of disparate types, there are also template specialisations. These are alternative implementations of the template for for specific types which can override the generic implementation. So far so C++03.
This system is quite restrictive, however, in that it's quite hard to write code that modifies its behaviour in more subtle ways based on the types it's given. It's also hard to write a system that will restrict the types on which you can instantiate your template. If you write code to convert between big- and little-endian, it would be nice if someone using it on a non-integral type would get a pleasant compile-time error as opposed to randomly scrambling bytes around at runtime.
This is where type traits come in handy. Essentially they're just
expressions that return information about a type, evaluated at compile-time.
One of the simplest uses is in concert with C++11's new
feature, to constrain the types of templates.
template <typename T> T swapEndian(T value) { static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value); // Implementation left as an exercise }
As well as
std::is_integral there's also
std::is_pointer and
more. Things like
could come in handy when writing complex code that attmempts to support
move semantics efficiently and perhaps
std::is_trivially_copyable could be used to
swap some optimisations in common cases. I also think that
std::is_base_of sounds very promising for enforcing interfaces.
Not all of the expressions are boolean in nature, although it has to be said
that most of them are. The few exceptions include
which evaluates the number of dimensions in an array, or 0 for non-array
types; and
std::extent, which evaluates to the size of
an array in a specified dimension, or 0 for unknown bounds or non-array types.
I could imagine these could make it very convenient to implement efficient
templated operations on fixed-size arrays without the hassle of tricks
like null-terminating them.
As I said, I'm just touching on the surface here, but I think it's worth bearing these new facilities in mind even if you just plan to use fairly simplistic forms of templating.
With prolific use of templates and overloading, it can make it quite
difficult to implement generic classes. For example, if you want to implement
map() where some functor is applied to every item in a
container then you have to decide how you're going to template it. You could
just assume that the return type matches the parameter types, but this is
a constraint it would be nice to do without.
C++11 has therefore introduced
std::result_of which, when
passed any callable, will evaluate to the return type of that callable. This
is perhaps demonstrated best with an (extremely contrived!) example:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
#include <type_traits> #include <iostream> struct PercentageConverter { double operator()(int value); int operator()(double value); }; double PercentageConverter::operator()(int value) { return static_cast<double>(value) / 100.0; } int PercentageConverter::operator()(double value) { return static_cast<int>(value * 100.0); } int main() { PercentageConverter instance; std::result_of<PercentageConverter(int)>::type res1 = instance(50); std::cout << res1 << std::endl; std::result_of<PercentageConverter(double)>::type res2 = instance(0.15); std::cout << res2 << std::endl; return 0; }
One of those things that's probably incredibly useful in the few cases that you need it, but unless you're using templates in a fairly heavy-duty manner, there's a good chance that you can live in bliss ignorance of its existence.
So that's (finally!) the end my posts on C++11. Wow, it's taken rather longer than I first anticipated, but hopefully it's been useful — I know it has for me, at least.
As a final note, if you have any more C++ questions in general, I can strongly recommend both the C++ Super-FAQ and cppreference.com as great resources. Personally I'd strongly suggest consulting them before resulting to the usual Stack Overflow search as their hit rate is great and the quality of the information is fantastic.
For example, my mild dislike of Java has very little to do with the language, which I feel is quite adequate, and a lot to do with the standard library. I don't like living in the kingdom of the nouns. ↩
And let's face it, there was rather too much of it. ↩
Don't worry, this is a joke. At least I hope so. ↩


text:
MillerCoors on Thursday said it replaced its chief marketing officer and its president of sales and distributor operations because it's "not satisfied" with its volume performance.
Whole Foods Market's CEOs apologized Thursday for pricing issues at its stores, a week after a New York investigation found that the natural food grocer routinely overcharged for prepackaged fruits, vegetables and deli meats.
U.S. stocks fell in afternoon trading Thursday following the release of a mixed report on the U.S. job market and news that Greek finances are deteriorating as a Sunday referendum on terms of an international bailout nears. While U.S. payrolls grew overall, many people gave up looking for work...
Average long-term U.S. mortgage rates rose this week, reaching high levels for the year.
More than 1.6 million passengers will travel through Chicago's airports for the Fourth of July holiday travel period from Thursday through Tuesday, the Chicago Department of Aviation said Thursday.
You may have noticed your Facebook friends getting considerably more colorful.
Google is apologizing after reports surfaced that an automatic image-recognition feature in its Photos application was identifying images of some black people as "gorillas."
The Internet is supposed to be the world's most inclusive medium: A miraculous tech utopia anyone can access. Which is why Justin Foley thought it might be funny to make a Web site that was, well ... exactly the opposite.
BP and five Gulf states announced a massive settlement Thursday that resolves years of legal fighting over the environmental and economic damage done by the energy giant's oil spill in 2010.
When was the last time you memorized a phone number?
Barnes & Noble, which plans to split into two companies next month, has tapped Sears Canada CEO Ronald Boire to lead the bookseller's retail business. After the split, current CEO Michael Huseby will become executive chairman of the separate college bookstore business.
Facebook nearly doubled the number of its black and Hispanic employees last year, but those groups are still starkly underrepresented at the tech giant. In 2014, black and Hispanic employees made up 5.4 percent of all workers, up from 4.4 percent in 2013.
U.S. employers added a solid 223,000 jobs in June, and the unemployment rate fell to 5.3 percent, a seven-year low. The numbers reflect a job market moving close to full health and raise expectations that the Federal Reserve will start raising interest rates as early as September.
Chicagoans who pay to stream movies and music from services like Netflix and Spotify will now need to fork over an additional 9 percent for the privilege, as will Chicago businesses that pay to use everything from real estate to court databases online, under a decision the city quietly made recently...
Following the spinoff of Baxter International's biotech business, CEO Robert Parkinson faces a battle to convince the market of the company's stand-alone prospects.
The CEOs of government-backed mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are getting large raises, to about $4 million a year, as the government relaxes rules that were imposed on the companies after they suffered big losses and were bailed out.
The U.S. government is investigating possible collusion among major airlines, including Chicago-based United, to limit available seats, which keeps airfares high.
Rapper Flo Rida, the Macy's department store chain and football Hall of Famer Emmitt Smith all had something in common on Wednesday: They're the latest to distance themselves from Donald Trump following his remarks about Mexican immigrants.
Two-thirds of Americans favor lifting the trade embargo on Cuba, according to a survey released Wednesday by The Chicago Council on Global Affairs.
Asian stocks were higher on Thursday as strong U.S. payroll data overshadowed worries about Greek debt.
The Rock 'n' Roll McDonald's is being taken over — by minions.
Chicagoans mentioned in newly released Hillary Clinton emails include the president of CME Group and a Chicago tax lawyer who once worked for her husband.
When the Grateful Dead's long, strange trip comes to an end this weekend with a series of farewell concerts at Soldier Field in Chicago, it will give devoted fans one last chance to commune with the band in a sea of tie-dyed glory.
A six-bedroom, 21,809-square-foot English Tudor-style mansion on nearly 3 acres in Naperville was listed in June for $8.75 million, which is easily the highest-priced listing in Naperville history.
U.S. auto sales continue a robust year on the back of SUV and truck sales, while the average transaction price paid by consumers nears record highs.
The national organization for the Baha'i faith paid $1.2 million in May for a 2,863-square-foot vintage American Foursquare-style house on Sheridan Road in Wilmette, almost directly across the street from the landmark Baha'i House of Worship.
Do companies always seem to discontinue new products you like? Do networks cancel your favorite new TV shows? Were you an early adopter of the Zune when everybody else bought an iPod?
They boost their teams from the sidelines and promote them by appearing in calendars and at fan events, but some sports cheerleaders say they are still not considered team employees and are paid what amounts to less than minimum wage.
If you want a rewards credit card that features your favorite professional sports team — the champion Chicago Blackhawks or the Bears, Bulls, Cubs or White Sox — current offers are better than they've ever been, according to comparison site CreditCards.com.
A northern Illinois company is facing a $71,000 fine after a 32-year-old worker suffered serious injuries to his left arm when operating a machine that lacked safety devices, the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety & Health Administration said Wednesday.
Julie Hamp, Toyota's most senior female executive, has resigned following her arrest in Japan on suspicion of drug law violations, the automaker said Wednesday.
Former Chicago City Treasurer Miriam Santos has paid nearly $644,000 for a newly built two-story, four-bedroom house in Logan Square.
WFLD-Ch. 32 news anchor Corey McPherrin and his wife in May paid $512,500 for a two-bedroom duplex condominium unit in a vintage low-rise stone building in the Gold Coast.
Exotic dancers hired as admissions counselors. Recruiters told to seek out "impatient" individuals who have "few people in their lives who care about them." Military personnel still recovering from brain damage told to sign on the dotted line.
Kraft Foods Group shareholders voted Wednesday to approve the company's sale to H.J. Heinz, a deal that brings together two storied packaged-food companies vying for attention as consumers look for healthier, fresher fare.
U.S. stocks are opening higher following gains in Europe as investors hope Greece can find a way to remain in the eurozone.
U.S. businesses added jobs at a robust pace in June, a private survey found, evidence that rising consumer spending and a healthy housing market are supporting more hiring.
Donna Karan will step down from daily duties as chief designer at her namesake company, Donna Karan International, to devote more time to her philanthropic foundation.
Banks are taking greater lending risks, and consumers continue to be vulnerable to cyberattacks at their financial institutions, according to a semiannual report issued Tuesday by the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
Nike Chairman Phil Knight, who turned a business selling shoes out of the back of his car into the world's most valuable sports brand, has announced plans to step down as company chairman.
Illinois farmers have planted more soybeans and less corn this year, a new federal report showed Tuesday, yet they've been menaced by the wettest June on record.
Emirates airline vigorously defended itself Tuesday against allegations by U.S. airlines that it gets unfair government subsidies, releasing a written rebuttal that goes on for some 200 pages and hosting an 80-minute news conference by its president.


text:
Arizona Cardinals
The Pulse: John Brown impressed the most in Cardinals preseason opener
The Arizona Cardinals' 32-0 demolition of the Houston Texans Saturday featured many impressive performances.
Starting quarterback Carson Palmer completed 5-of-5 passes for 84 yards and a touchdown, while rookie QB Logan Thomas was 11-of-12 for 113 yards and a score.
Rookie receivers John Brown and Walter Powell each had big nights, with Brown catching five passes for 87 yards and Powell three for 74.
Then there was cornerback Antonio Cromartie, who collected an interception.
Which performance was the most impressive? That was our Sanderson Ford Poll Question Monday, and with 1,225 votes submitted, the answer is clear: Brown's.
A total of 585 people chose the third-round pick's game above all else, with Thomas' effort finishing a close second.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- What on Your Mind? - Thursday July 2Vince Marotta vents about uniform numbers, airline fees, and Dwayne "the Rock" Johnson
- Top 5: Career Comebacks - Tuesday June 30Who had the best career comeback? Was it Jordan, Travolta, Warner, or someone else?
- Bickley Blast - Tuesday June 30Is the end near for Roger Goodell?
- Hardware - Monday June 29The Justin Bieber award, the You're Just Mean award, and more of the best/worst of the weekend
- John Clayton, ESPN NFL insider - Friday June 26John Clayton says Denver was never close to trading Peyton Manning.


text:
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Established in 1954 by industry representatives, the Northwestern University Transportation Center was the first university transportation center in the U.S. Since then, the Center has been recognized as a leading interdisciplinary education and research institution.
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• NUTC faculty affiliate Karen Smilowitz was announced as a recipient of the 2015 Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence award, given annually to Northwestern professors who demonstrate "outstanding dedication to undergraduate education at Northwestern University."
• The NUTC was one of the sponsors for this year's Supply Chain Rail Summit on April 30 at the Union League Club. Click here to learn more!
• Congratulations to NUTC faculty member Ian Savage, winner of the Transportation Research Forum's 2015 Herbert O. Whitten Service Award, given to a TRF member whose contributions to the Transportation Research Forum have played an important role in the history of the organization.
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For sale in our Chicago showroom is a 1957 Ford Custom 70D 2-Door Business Sedan. This unique vehicle has undergone a full frame-on... More
This 2008 Saleen S302 Extreme has a 302 C.I. Supercharged V8 (620 HP), 6 Speed Manual Transmission, 8.8'' Solid Rear w/ 3.73:1 Ratio, Rockford... More
This 1953 Ford F100 Pickup has a 351 C.I. V8 w/ 4BBL Carburetor, 3 Speed Automatic Transmission w/ Overdrive, Ford 9'' Rear, Custom Red... More


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A selection of other films you can see this weekend... if you live in NYC anyway.Read More »
One of the many reasons we're super-pumped about this fall's "Wreck-It Ralph," the Disney animated feature set inside the world of videogames, is that preceding the feature is "Paperman," a groundbreaking new short film by John Kahrs that ingeniously combines traditional hand-drawn animation with cu...Read More »
Indiewire has weeded through the films hitting VOD this month to bring you the ten to look out for. You'll find everything from an ensemble globe spanning drama, to a Danish sex comedy, to a documentary that gets to the bottom of what it means to be a man in the 21st century. Here are the t...Read More »
Austin's Fantastic Fest will host the world premiere of Tim Burton's playfully Goth return to stop-motion animation, "Frankenweenie." The film will open the week long festival on September 20, prior to its theatrical release on October 5...Read More »
Controversial, upsetting, disturbing and memorable, there are few films this year that have gotten audiences talking like "Compliance" has. Based on a true story, the movie is an unwavering look at the power of authority to make people do unspeakable and humiliating things, and the film's bracing ex...Read More »
Wasting no time, Steven Soderbergh and Channing Tatum are taking "Magic Mike" to the stage, where the film will be adapted into a musical...Read More »
Gareth Edwards' 2010 film "Monsters" was the sort of sci-fi film you don't see every day, and the critical reaction was appropriately positive. While many focused on the fact that Edwards was able to not break the bank creating fully realized worlds and creatures literally on...Read More »
Ben Lewin's "The Sessions" has been generating buzz (under various names including "The Surrogate" and "Six Sessions") since its screening at this year's Sundance Film Festival, where it garnered the Audience Award and Special Jury Prize for a dramatic cast. ...Read More »
Eriq La Salle To Direct Hallmark's 'The Playing Father' About Music Teacher (Michael Beach Co-Stars)Read More »
Beasts of the Southern Wild is the perfect example of how to make a movie in this new post recession world. Take a great script, make it for a price and then let the movie stand on its merits. And yes, the awards and great reviews it has received since the premiere at Sundance earlier th...Read More »


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"Sunny Spirit" littlening's Profile
Despite I'm Indonesian, and live in Indonesia... I wasn't aware that there's an island name Belitung. I just went there to join my friends.
And it was really a great surprise for me. Surprised on how bad my knowledge is about places in my country. Surprised that 'so-not-famous Belitung is actually a wonderful paradise: white sand, clear blue sky and just still soo quiet.. make you feel like you're the owner of the island.
Comments (4)
Happy birthday for Friday, hope you had a great day
happy birthday and get free and happy. so wish you from Burma that get healthy and wealthy, smart and strong, harmony and peaceful
jakarta vt meeting would be held on friday 17 oct @pacific place -pancious pancake.see ya there=vee=
I'have been in Indonesia (Java and Bali) but not in Jakarta. It was a very nice travel. If you come to Lausanne again, mail me. Claude
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Amazing chemtrail video shot from Fed Ex plane
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the story they feed the pilots and scientists isn't we need to stop these earth changes so we can restore our power because who would want to work for that
instead they tell these pilots and scientists you are saving the world and humanity won't even thank you because they can't know about these chemicals they are spraying over cities might have adverse effects on health but we need to patch these holes or everyone dies, something along those lines
Anonymous Coward 20637474
I'm sure there's a lot of "need to know" involved. Could be as simple as telling the pilot what to do (spray this shit and don't ask questions) and he does because he likes his paycheck and wants that pension.
Anonymous Coward 21651258
Nothing wrong with Geo-engineering as long as it saves us. IMO.
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Sorry I put as much faith in "them" as I put in you there "buddy".
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Wilderness Corridors: Agenda 21 Under A New Name
Big Brother "Pay-by-the-Mile" Track and Tax Driving Scheme Being Rolled Out Now!
Where's Your Place in Jade Helm?
Aluminum, Barium and Strontium: the New Manhattan Project chemtrail sprays
According to a YT channel , every time you drink a glass of water, you are drinking molecules that have previously been urinated from a dinosaur.
More Bans/Censorships In Oregon: Orwellian College Professor Places Ban On Opinions In Class
Researchers in Russia have said that they have found an artifact object that appears to be a 250 million year old microchip.
A recent study has found that the smell of fish can improve critical thinking by arousing suspicion.
The Woolly Mammouth is now many steps closer to becoming a living, breathing reality.
A leaked Whitehall paper suggests that plans to scrap part of the UK's main sickness benefit are being considered
Services such as Paypal, and Itunes have been suspended from processing payments in Greece under the country's new capital control laws.
British Rockstar Shaun Ryder has admitted that he witnessed a UFO hovering outside of his bedroom window
Pharmaceutical giant Johnson and Johnson have developed a new vaccine to protect against AIDS, and have begun testing it on humans
Another Alternative Doctor Found Dead, Police Investigation Underway
How to Tell Someone's Age When All You Know Is Her Name
Liberals passed a bill to change this fish's name because it is "hurtful" and "offensive"
Growing Own Food Greek Man's Secret Weapon Against Economic Meltdown
Cube-Shaped Craft Over El Paso - Amazing Photos
Woman snaps photo of Waffle House prayer
Obama's Proposed Ozone Regulations Would Ban 4th of July Celebrations
Get ready to kiss any home equity you have goodbye
What Goes Into A SlimJim?
Blue eyed-people at higher risk for alcohol dependency
Destroying America 101: The Blueprint Exists
Government Trolls Are Using 'Psychology-Based Influence Techniques' On YouTube, Facebook And Twitter
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Talent is the No. 1 impediment to or success factor in executing the business plan. Led by the CEO, a talent strategy must:
1. Articulate a comprehensive vision of where the company wants to go, what unique value it delivers and what effects it wants to have.
2. Organize work structures to unleash the knowledge, innovation and creativity of every employee to achieve that vision.
3. Examine, understand and deliver what employees want from their employer and work environment.
Components of an Integrated Talent Management Plan
1. Assess talent.
2. Develop leaders.
3. Implement and align strategy.
4. Engage employees.
5. Align the workforce with business needs.


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Packing for your summer vacation? There are a few items you'll want on board your flight. Krystin Goodwin (@krystingoodwin) has the roundup of six essentials you need in your carry-on.Continue Reading
Enjoy the hospitality and beauty of the Scottish Highlands with rolling heather-covered moors all from the back of a sturdy Highland Pony. These ponies are a larger breed standing about 13-14 hands high and are known for their docile temperament. They make the ideal steed to take visitors of all ages on a trek of the Scottish […]Continue Reading
Taking your furry friend on vacation this summer? TC Newman (@PurpleTCNewman) has some tips for traveling with pets.Continue Reading
New Orleans is famous for its savory Cajun gumbo, crawfish, Jambalaya and other dishes, but when it comes to sweet treats, one place you'll want to make sure to visit in the Big Easy is the Creole Creamery. It looks like a soda fountain with an old local bakery's neon sign still hanging over it […]Continue Reading
If you're gearing up for your next vacation, there are a few tech items you may want to bring along. Krystin Goodwin (@krystingoodwin) has the roundup of the best gadgets to take on your summer vacay.Continue Reading
Destinations, Events, Ski & Spa
The Yunessan Spa House in Japan is part of a large spa resort that offers 25 different kinds of spa related services. The main spa facility is The God's Aegean Sea which features a Mediterranean theme with ancient Roman baths, but along with more traditional spa treatments, the Yunessan Spa House also offers water attractions […]Continue Reading
If you want to shorten your travel time, here are the airports you should avoid! Sean Dowling (@seandowlingtv) has more on the story.Continue Reading
If you plan a visit to Phoenix, there's no better place to cool off from the Southeastern heat than the Churn ice cream parlor. When you walk into the place the hand-churned ice cream is just part of the retro charm they offer. While the décor and even some of the goodies they serve are […]Continue Reading
You're not getting out of this one! Workout without leaving your hotel room.Continue Reading
We all know about the benefits of bundling our phone, Internet, and TV, but what many people don't know is you can do the same and save big when it comes to planning your next getaway. However, just like with phones, you must do your homework to make sure it really is the best deal […]Continue Reading


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Gas prices up after 8 straight weeks of decline
NEWS12 WESTCHESTER: The average U.S. price of a gallon of gasoline has gone up one penny in the past two weeks. It is the first increase after eight straight weeks of decline. The Lundberg Survey of fuel prices released Sunday said the average nationwide price of a gallon of regular is $3.54. In the Hudson Valley, a gallon of regular costs an average of $3.75 a gallon. (May 6, 2013)
Opening of emergency center in Long Beach delayed New York welcomes tall ships Hampton homes with 8-figure list prices Vinny the Dentist, LI's 80-year-old boxer Reebok unveils UFC Fight Kit Meet 'The Matz' sandwich Police investigate homicide in Central Islip Chris Christie: "Telling It Like It Is" Willy Wonka-themed prom at Vandermeulen High School Jones Beach bandshell hosts Latin music and dance lessons Midsummer Night celebration in Old Westbury State BBQ competition comes to North Fork


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Standing at a whopping 18 metre, the vibrant installation, with silhouettes spiralling their way to the top, is a distinctive feature of Singapore's Business District. Hundreds of visitors pass by the hand-painted figurines identified as David Gerstein's Momentum. It is one of the several installations by the Israeli artist that dot cities the world over, from Seoul to Germany and across Israel. "I recently completed three sculptures at the athletic stadium in Hsinchu, Taiwan," says the Israeli artist, scrolling his camera phone to show a photograph of his work. It is trademark Gerstein; the 14-metre long Big Peloton Wave has cyclists zipping past with their hair blowing in the wind.
In his first outing in India, the scale of work is smaller when compared to his mammoth public installations, but Gerstein suspends them on the walls at Visual Arts Gallery with equal passion, for the solo exhibition titled "Poetic Mirror". Brought to the country by Bruno Art Group, the collection curated by Alka Pande is a true representation of his oeuvre — the 3D metal cutouts in bright colours have a kinetic energy rather than being inert. If 5th Avenue depicts a busy street scene inspired by his stay in New York, Happy Hours has two bikers surrounded by a cloud of butterflies. Endless Walk represents a crowd walking in lines and The Burning Lips captures a playful kiss. "Art should be simple and basic, to be enjoyed," says Gerstein.
Gerstein's work arrived in India before he did, showcased at the India Art Fair in 2013 and 2014. One of Israel's most famous artists, the market is flooded with copies of his work. "Earlier I used to feel angry. It took years to develop this style and now people are making money copying it. But now I think this is the biggest compliment I can get. It proves that my work is appreciated," chuckles the 69-year-old.
Gerstein has always moved against the tide. When the world was inclining towards conceptual art back in the '70s, Gerstein was experimenting with figurative painting. The turn towards painting in the '80s had him practise painted wood-cuts instead. To battle the flatness of plywood, the surface was covered with glue and sand and painted with acrylic for a rough texture. Acceptance took time, but the artist was persistent. "I knew I was on the right track. I enjoyed it. Perhaps it also came naturally. My father used to cut leather in a factory, so maybe it was just an inherent talent," he says. The breakthrough came years later, with an exhibition at Israel Museum in Jerusalem in 1987 and thereafter in the US and Canada, among others.
Less than a decade later, however, Gerstein was on to another experiment. Laser cutting brought in metal cuts, industrial paint replaced acrylic and improved …continued »


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Mike Tyson to Take His 1-Man Show Nationwide
Posted: 11/28/2012 - Lock up your ears -- Mike Tyson's coming to a theater near you.
Posted: 11/28/2012 - Lock up your ears -- Mike Tyson's coming to a theater near you.
Posted: 11/27/2012 - A Florida man has sued the ex-Elmo puppeteer who resigned amid sex allegations, saying the voice actor met him in New York after trolling gay telephone chat lines seeking underage boys for sex.
Updated: 11/26/2012 - "Guys started punching each other and then they ran over the barrier of the jump thing, and the guy started getting his face stomped in. It was pretty crazy."
Posted: 11/25/2012 - There's a saying that you can't please all of the people all of the time. But apparently you can if they're holiday shoppers.
Posted: 11/25/2012 - The Orange County sheriff's bomb squad blew up two old hand grenades found in a field.
Posted: 11/25/2012 - Tickets to the SEC Championship football game in Atlanta next weekend continued to climb as Georgia and Alabama each demolished their archrivals.
Updated: 11/25/2012 - The state of Florida is asking thousands of young women some intimate questions their sex lives and is giving them a $10 gift card in return.
Posted: 11/25/2012 - Black Friday is a distant memory...so what's next?
Posted: 11/25/2012 - Travelers heading home after the long Thanksgiving weekend had another reason to be thankful on Sunday...
Posted: 11/24/2012 - Thanksgiving shopping took a noticeable bite out of Black Friday's start to the holiday season, as the latest survey found retail sales fell slightly from last year.
Posted: 11/24/2012 - The Powerball jackpot is now estimated to be worth around 325-million dollars after no one was able to match the numbers on Wednesday. And with the stakes being so high, many people want in on the action.
Posted: 11/21/2012 - The Florida Supreme Court says the second driver is not automatically solely at fault in rear end collisions.
Posted: 11/21/2012 - A hospital spokeswoman says a defendant who collapsed and stopped breathing in an Alabama courtroom is in critical condition.
Updated: 11/19/2014 - Over the weekend, Bronies—fans of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic—held an online fundraiser for a pair of charitable causes, raising thousands in the process.
Posted: 11/21/2012 - Today there was a very special kind of beauty pageant at Dothan High... it was a woman-less pageant
Posted: 11/20/2012 - The maker of Twinkies and Ding Dongs says it failed to reach an agreement with and its second biggest union. As a result, Hostess Brands will continue with a hearing on Wednesday in which a bankruptcy court judge will decide if the company can liquidate.
Updated: 11/20/2012 - A 24-year-old college student has accused longtime Elmo puppeteer Kevin Clash of sexually abusing him when he was 15.
Updated: 11/20/2012 - Every Tuesday, feature films and television shows both new and old hit the shelves of retail stores across the country.
Updated: 11/20/2012 - It's that time of year again, and while most families will be having turkey for their Thanksgiving Day dinner, there's one Virginia raised bird that won't be on the menu.
Updated: 11/20/2012 - The new Nintendo video game console, the Wii U has only been available since Sunday, but there may be a small hitch in getting started.
Updated: 11/19/2014 - It's a historic childhood arcade game favorite. Donkey Kong, the game where Mario rushes to save the princess has become iconic in the gaming world. The Donkey Kong championships were held in Denver.
Posted: 11/19/2012 - In the six years since the last major video game system launched, Apple unveiled the iPhone and the iPad, "Angry Birds" invaded smartphones and Facebook reached a billion users. In the process, scores of video game consoles were left to languish in living rooms alongside dusty VCRs and disc players.
Posted: 11/18/2012 - If you were worried...Twinkie lovers, relax.
Posted: 11/18/2012 - An analysis of consumer-credit data shows that Americans are carrying more credit card debt and being less diligent about making payments on time.
Posted: 11/18/2012 - America proved its Bieber Fever was strong: The teen singer dominated the American Music Awards on Sunday night.


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- The Tuts+ Guide to Template Tags: Fourth BatchIn this fifth part of the series, we're going to go through the fourth batch of the almost 200 template tags.Read More…
- Web Design for Kids: TypographyWelcome to the ninth lesson of our Web Design for Kids series, all about Typography. In this tutorial we will look at what typography is all about and why it's so important in design. We have talked about the user's experience a lot so far and this tutorial will be no exception; we'll be working hard to make sure our text is beautiful and easy to read!Read More…
- How to Create A Nature Inspired Arrow Pattern in Adobe IllustratorLove everything vintage? Spend plenty of time drawing all of those Pinterest-inspired arrows, flowers and animals? Let me show you how to create an arrow pattern!Read More…
- Swift 2.0: Exit Early With guardDoes it surprise you that I'm dedicating a tutorial to a simple addition as the guard statement? I hope you'll better understand my excitement at the end of this tutorial. During this tutorial, I hope to convince you that guard is anything but a redundant addition to the Swift programming language.Read More…
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Pamela Jackman Alpine Clematis
Pamela Jackman Alpine Clematis
Clematis alpina 'Pamela Jackman'Item #9066 USDA Hardiness Zone: 3 - 9
This Plant's Availability
Plant Description
Masses of nodding 1 1/2 in. deep blue blooms cover the vine followed by attractive seed heads. Grow on walls or through small trees or shrubs in sunny locations. Prune lightly after flowering. Deciduous.
- OverviewLight Needs:Partial to full sunWatering Needs:Needs regular watering - weekly, or more often in extreme heat.Average Landscape Size:Moderate grower to 6 to 10 ft.Key Feature:Spring FloweringBlooms:Late spring
- DetailBotanical Pronunciation:KLEM-ah-tiss AL-pin-aPlant type:Vine - Requires SupportDeciduous/evergreen:DeciduousGrowth rate:ModerateAverage landscape size:Moderate grower to 6 to 10 ft.Foliage color:GreenBlooms:Late springFlower color:BlueFlower attributesShowy Flowers
- CareCare InformationFollow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep extensive root system. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer. Provide the support of a trellis or arbor. Roots prefer a cool, shaded area, tops in the sun.Pruning time: spring after flowering.Light Needs:Partial to full sunWatering Needs:Needs regular watering - weekly, or more often in extreme heat.


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Digital Photography and Linux
As mentioned previously, CinePaint is a fork of The GIMP. The program was developed to meet the needs of image retouchers in the movie industry. One of the requirements was the ability to work with high-resolution images. Consequently, CinePaint has native support for RAW images and other high-bit formats. The trade-off is the inability to use GIMP plugins. There is work in progress to correct this, but it is in the development branch of the project. Still, the program shares many features with The GIMP, so if you are looking for some fairly advanced editing of high-bit images, it is a simple step up (Figure 10).
It is possible for a relative beginner to work with digital images in Linux. The tools exist, and if not installed by default, are readily available. My personal work flow is to use XSane for scanning my print and slide collection, digiKam for bringing in images from my digital camera and The GIMP for retouching images. This article has touched on the basics of the programs explored. See the on-line Resources for a wealth of documentation for those who want to delve deeper.
Versions of Software Discussed in This Article
The GIMP 2.2.8
CinePaint 0.19-1
digiKam 0.7.2
F-Spot 0.1.3
Kooka 0.44
XSane 0.97
gimp-ufraw 0.5
The Lowdown on RAW files
RAW images are, in essence, digital negatives. They represent the uncorrected output of the digital camera sensor. As such, they contain more photo information than a processed JPEG. For instance, a RAW will have bit depth of 12–14 per color versus that of 8 for a JPEG. The result is an image that allows for more editing opportunities. The downside is that this information increases the size of the files, so fewer images will fit on a memory card.
Resources for this article: /article/9196.
Adrian Klaver is a Linux enthusiast with an interest in photography and a desire to make the former work with the latter.
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