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Are you Kirsty L Smith?Claim your profile
Publications (15)48.02 Total impact
- SourceAvailable from: Willy Gsell
Article: Increased Energy Expenditure in Gastric Bypass Rats Is Not Caused by Activated Brown Adipose Tissue[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate whether gastric bypass induces a higher activity of brown adipose tissue and greater levels of the brown adipose tissue-specific protein uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) in rats. Gastric bypass rats and sham-operated controls (each n = 8) underwent whole body (1)H-MR spectroscopy for analysis of body composition and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) imaging for measurement of the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue was harvested and weighed, and UCP-1 mRNA content was measured by Northern Blot technique. Gastric bypass rats had a significantly lower percentage of whole body adipose tissue mass compared to sham-operated rats (p = 0.001). There was no difference in brown adipose tissue activity between the two groups (standardised uptake value sham 2.81 ± 0.58 vs. bypass 2.56 ± 0.46 ; p = 0.73). Furthermore, there was no difference in the UCP-1 mRNA content of brown adipose tissue between the two groups (sham 49.5 ± 13.2 vs. bypass 43.7 ± 13.1; p = 0.77). Gastric bypass does not increase the activity of brown adipose tissue in rats suggesting that other mechanisms are involved to explain the increased energy expenditure after bypass surgery. Our results cannot justify the radiation dose of (18)F-FDG PET/CT studies in humans to determine potential changes in brown adipose tissue after gastric bypass surgery.Obesity Facts 06/2012; 5(3):349-58. DOI:10.1159/000339742 · 1.71 Impact Factor
Article: Intracerebroventricular administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits food intake[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28 amino acid peptide expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. VIP and the VIP receptor VPAC(2)R are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. VIP has been shown to be involved in the regulation of energy balance in a number of non-mammalian vertebrates. We therefore examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of VIP on food intake, energy expenditure and activity in adult male Wistar rats. VIP administration caused a potent short lived decrease in food intake and an increase in activity and energy expenditure. The pathways potentially involved in the anorexigenic effects of VIP were investigated by measuring the release of neuropeptides involved in the regulation of food intake from hypothalamic explants treated with VIP. VIP significantly stimulated the release of the anorexigenic peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH). These studies suggest that VIP may have an endogenous role in the hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis.Regulatory Peptides 07/2011; 172(1-3):8-15. DOI:10.1016/j.regpep.2011.07.006 · 2.01 Impact Factor
Article: Accurate measurement of body weight and food intake in environmentally enriched male Wistar rats.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Laboratory animals are crucial in the study of energy homeostasis. In particular, rats are used to study alterations in food intake and body weight. To accurately record food intake or energy expenditure it is necessary to house rats individually, which can be stressful for social animals. Environmental enrichment may reduce stress and improve welfare in laboratory rodents. However, the effect of environmental enrichment on food intake and thus experimental outcome is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of environmental enrichment on food intake, body weight, behavior and fecal and plasma stress hormones in male Wistar rats. Singly housed 5-7-week-old male rats were given either no environmental enrichment, chew sticks, a plastic tube of 67 mm internal diameter, or both chew sticks and a tube. No differences in body weight or food intake were seen over a 7-day period. Importantly, the refeeding response following a 24-h fast was unaffected by environmental enrichment. Rearing, a behavior often associated with stress, was significantly reduced in all enriched groups compared to controls. There was a significant increase in fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) in animals housed with both forms of enrichment compared to controls at the termination of the study, suggesting enrichment reduces hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in singly housed rats. In summary, environmental enrichment does not influence body weight and food intake in singly housed male Wistar rats and may therefore be used to refine the living conditions of animals used in the study of energy homeostasis without compromising experimental outcome.Obesity 01/2011; 19(8):1715-21. DOI:10.1038/oby.2010.331 · 4.39 Impact Factor
Article: Coordinated changes in energy intake and expenditure following hypothalamic administration of neuropeptides involved in energy balance[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The hypothalamic control of energy balance is regulated by a complex network of neuropeptide-releasing neurons. Although the effect of these neuropeptides on individual aspects of energy homoeostasis has been studied, the coordinated response of these effects has not been comprehensively investigated. We have simultaneously monitored a number of metabolic parameters following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 1 and 3 nmol of neuropeptides with established roles in the regulation of feeding, activity and metabolism. Ad libitum- fed rats received the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) or orexin-A. Overnight-food-deprived rats received an ICV injection of the anorectic peptides alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) or neuromedin U (NMU). Our results reveal the temporal sequence of the effects of these neuropeptides on both energy intake and expenditure, highlighting key differences in their function as mediators of energy balance. NPY and AgRP increased feeding and decreased oxygen consumption, with the effects of AgRP being more prolonged. In contrast, orexin-A increased both feeding and oxygen consumption, consistent with an observed increase in activity. The potent anorexigenic effects of CRF were accompanied by a prolonged increase in activity, whereas NMU injection resulted in significant but short-lasting inhibition of food intake, ambulatory activity and oxygen consumption. alpha-MSH injection resulted in significant increases in both ambulatory activity and oxygen consumption, and reduced food intake following administration of 3 nmol of the peptide. We have for the first time, simultaneously measured several metabolic parameters following hypothalamic administration of a number of neuropeptides within the same experimental system. This work has shown the interrelated effects of these neuropeotides on activity, energy expenditure and food intake, thus facilitating comparison between the different hypothalamic systems.International journal of obesity (2005) 07/2009; 33(7):775-85. DOI:10.1038/ijo.2009.96 · 5.39 Impact Factor
Article: Peripheral and central administration of xenin and neurotensin suppress food intake in rodents[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide highly homologous to neurotensin. Xenin and neurotensin are reported to have similar biological effects. Both reduce food intake when administered centrally to fasted rats. We aimed to clarify and compare the effects of these peptides on food intake and behavior. We confirm that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of xenin or neurotensin reduces food intake in fasted rats, and demonstrate that both reduce food intake in satiated rats during the dark phase. Xenin reduced food intake more potently than neurotensin following ICV administration. ICV injection of either peptide in the dark phase increased resting behavior. Xenin and neurotensin stimulated the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) from ex vivo hypothalamic explants, and administration of alpha-helical CRH attenuated their effects on food intake. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of xenin or neurotensin acutely reduced food intake in fasted mice and ad libitum fed mice in the dark phase. However, chronic continuous or twice daily peripheral administration of xenin or neurotensin to mice had no significant effect on daily food intake or body weight. These studies confirm that ICV xenin or neurotensin can acutely reduce food intake and demonstrate that peripheral administration of xenin and neurotensin also reduces food intake. This may be partly mediated by changes in hypothalamic CRH release. The lack of chronic effects on body weight observed in our experiments suggests that xenin and neurotensin are unlikely to be useful as obesity therapies.Obesity 03/2009; 17(6):1135-43. DOI:10.1038/oby.2008.652 · 4.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) codes for a hypothalamic neuropeptide, CART (55-102), which inhibits food intake. Intracerebroventricular injection of CART (55-102) reduces appetite, but also results in motor abnormalities. More recently, studies have demonstrated that administration of CART directly into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increases food intake. To investigate the role of CART in the regulation of energy balance in the PVN, we used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to overexpress CART in the PVN. Male Wistar rats were injected with either rAAV-encoding CART (rAAV-CART) or rAAV-encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV-EGFP) as a control. Food intake and body weight were measured regularly. Animals were fed on normal-chow diet for the first 93 days of the study. After this point, they were fed on high-fat diet. Animals were killed 138 days postinjection and blood and tissues were collected for analysis. Overexpression of CART in the PVN resulted in increased cumulative food intake and body weight gain compared with rAAV-EGFP controls when fed normal chow. These changes became significant at day 65 and 79, respectively and were accentuated on a high-fat diet. A 4% increase in food intake was observed in rAAV-CART animals on a normal-chow diet and a 6% increase when fed a high-fat diet. At the end of the study, rAAV-CART-treated animals had higher circulating leptin concentrations in accord with their higher body weight. These data provide further evidence that hypothalamic CART plays an orexigenic role.Obesity 08/2008; 16(10):2239-44. DOI:10.1038/oby.2008.366 · 4.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The balance between energy (food) intake and energy expenditure is closely regulated to keep body weight stable over time. Increasingly, however, the homeostatic mechanisms responsible are failing to keep pace with societal changes in eating behaviour and activity levels. The prevalence of obesity in many parts of the world has now reached epidemic proportions. It is estimated that it causes 30,000 deaths per year in the UK, and in the USA it is set to overtake smoking as the leading cause of preventable illness and premature death [1, 2]. Current strategies for the non-surgical treatment of the morbidly obese have met with limited success [3–5] and without the development of more effective treatments, the socioeconomic and public health implications of an unchecked rise in obesity are grave.07/2008: pages 81-99;
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ABSTRACT: Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently discovered peptide shown to be involved in the modulation of arousal and fear responses. It has also been shown that lateral ventricle administration of NPS causes a significant decrease in food intake. Neuropeptides involved in the modulation of arousal have been shown to be involved in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and food intake. In this study, we have examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NPS on behavior, regulation of the HPA axis, and food intake. ICV NPS significantly increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone 10 and 40 min after injection, respectively. A single ICV injection of NPS caused a significant increase in rearing activity as well as ambulatory movement for up to 45 min after injection. We then studied the effect of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) administration of NPS on the regulation of the HPA axis, behavior, and food intake. There was a significant increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone after a single NPS PVN injection. Incubation of hypothalamic explants with increasing concentrations of NPS caused a significant increase in CRH and arginine vasopressin release. In addition, PVN administration of NPS dose-dependently inhibited food intake in the first hour after injection, although no effect on food intake was seen after this time. PVN administration of NPS caused a significant increase in rearing activity. These data demonstrate a novel role for NPS in the stimulation of the HPA axis.Endocrinology 08/2006; 147(7):3510-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2005-1280 · 4.64 Impact Factor
Article: Neuromedin U partially mediates leptin-induced hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) stimulation and has a physiological role in the regulation of the HPA axis in the rat[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of the hypothalamic neuropeptide neuromedin U (NMU) or the adipostat hormone leptin increases plasma ACTH and corticosterone. The relationship between leptin and NMU in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is currently unknown. In this study, leptin (1 nm) significantly increased the release of CRH from ex vivo hypothalamic explants by 207 +/- 8.4% (P < 0.05 vs. basal), an effect blocked by the administration of anti-NMU IgG. The ICV administration of leptin (10 mug, 0.625 nmol) increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone 20 min after injection [plasma ACTH (picograms per milliliter): vehicle, 63 +/- 20, leptin, 135 +/- 36, P < 0.05; plasma corticosterone (nanograms per milliliter): vehicle, 285 +/- 39, leptin, 452 +/- 44, P < 0.01]. These effects were partially attenuated by the prior administration of anti-NMU IgG. Peripheral leptin also stimulated ACTH release, an effect attenuated by prior ICV administration of anti-NMU IgG. We examined the diurnal pattern of hypothalamic NMU mRNA expression and peptide content, plasma leptin, and plasma corticosterone. The diurnal changes in hypothalamic NMU mRNA expression were positively correlated with hypothalamic NMU peptide content, plasma corticosterone, and plasma leptin. The ICV administration of anti-NMU IgG significantly attenuated the dark phase rise in corticosterone [corticosterone (nanograms per milliliter): vehicle, 493 +/- 38; NMU IgG, 342 +/- 47 (P < 0.05)]. These studies suggest that NMU may play a role in the regulation of the HPA axis and partially mediate leptin-induced HPA stimulation.Endocrinology 06/2006; 147(6):2886-92. DOI:10.1210/en.2005-0983 · 4.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recent studies of transgenic mice and humans have provided compelling evidence for the importance of the hypothalamic melanocortin system in the regulation of energy balance. Energy homeostasis is a balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure. The melanocortin system regulates feeding via effects of the endogenous agonist, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and the endogenous antagonist agouti-related protein (AGRP) on melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3-Rs and MC4-Rs). It has been demonstrated that the melanocortin system interacts with the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Thyroid hormones influence metabolism and hence energy expenditure. Therefore, an interaction between the HPT axis and the melanocortin system would allow control of both sides of the energy balance equation, by the regulation of both energy input and energy expenditure. Here we will discuss the evidence demonstrating interactions between the melanocortin system and the HPT axis.Peptides 03/2006; 27(2):333-9. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.028 · 2.61 Impact Factor
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 01/2006; 13(1):62-64. DOI:10.1097/01.med.0000199006.96144.cb
Article: Neuromedin U has a physiological role in the regulation of food intake and partially mediates the effects of leptin[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of Neuromedin U (NMU), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, or leptin, an adipostat hormone released from adipose tissue, reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure. Leptin stimulates the release of NMU in vitro, and NMU expression is reduced in models of low or absent leptin. We investigated the role of NMU in mediating leptin-induced satiety. ICV administration of anti-NMU immunoglobulin G (IgG) (5 nmol) to satiated rats significantly increased food intake 4 h after injection, an effect seen for </=8 h after injection. ICV administration of NMU (1 nmol) to fasted rats reduced food intake 1 h after injection compared with control, an effect attenuated by pretreatment with anti-NMU IgG. ICV administration of leptin (0.625 nmol) reduced 24-h food intake. This was partially attenuated by the administration of anti-NMU IgG [24 h after onset of dark phase: vehicle, 22.5 +/- 2.0 g; leptin, 13.7 +/- 2.3 g (P < 0.005 vs. vehicle), leptin/NMU IgG, 19.4 +/- 1.3 g (P < 0.05 vs. leptin)]. Intraperitoneal administration of leptin (1.1 mg/kg body wt) reduced 24-h food intake. This was partially attenuated by ICV administration of anti-NMU IgG [24 h after onset of dark phase: vehicle, 31.4 +/- 4.9 g; leptin, 20.8 +/- 2.6 g (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle); leptin/NMU IgG, 28.7 +/- 1.1 g (P < 0.01 vs. leptin)]. These results suggest that NMU plays a physiological role in the regulation of appetite and partially mediates the leptin-induced satiety.AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism 09/2005; 289(2):E301-5. DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00404.2004 · 4.09 Impact Factor
Article: The inhibitory effects of peripheral administration of peptide YY(3-36) and glucagon-like peptide-1 on food intake are attenuated by ablation of the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The vagus nerve forms a neuro-anatomical link between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. A number of gastrointestinal hormones, including cholecystokinin and ghrelin, require an intact vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway to affect CNS feeding circuits. We have shown that the effects of peripheral administration of both peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on food intake and activation of hypothalamic arcuate feeding neurones are abolished following either bilateral sub-diaphragmatic total truncal vagotomy or brainstem-hypothalamic pathway transectioning in rodents. These findings suggest that the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway may also play a role in the effects of circulating PYY(3-36) and GLP-1 on food intake.Brain Research 06/2005; 1044(1):127-31. DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.011 · 2.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recent studies have demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of food intake. Because exercise is known to influence appetite and cause substrate depletion, it may also influence AMPK in the hypothalamus. Male rats that either rested or ran for 30 or 60 min on a treadmill (22 m/min, 10% slope) were sacrificed immediately after exercise or after 60 min recovery either in the fasted state or after oral gavage with glucose (3g/kg body weight). Exercise decreased muscle and liver glycogen substantially. Hypothalamic total or alpha2-associated AMPK activity and phosphorylation state of the AMPK substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase were not changed significantly immediately following treadmill running or during fed or fasted recovery. Plasma ghrelin increased (P<0.05) by 40% during exercise whereas the concentration of PYY was unchanged. In recovery, glucose feeding increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations whereas ghrelin and PYY decreased to (ghrelin) or below (PPY) resting levels. It is concluded that 1h of strenuous exercise in rats does not elicit significant changes in hypothalamic AMPK activity despite an increase in plasma ghrelin. Thus, changes in energy metabolism during or after exercise are likely not coordinated by changes in hypothalamic AMPK activity.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 05/2005; 329(2):719-25. DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.027 · 2.28 Impact Factor
Article: Triiodothyronine stimulates food intake via the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus independent of changes in energy expenditure[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Increased food intake is characteristic of hyperthyroidism, although this is presumed to compensate for a state of negative energy balance. However, here we show that the thyroid hormone T(3) directly stimulates feeding at the level of the hypothalamus. Peripheral administration of T(3) doubled food intake in ad libitum-fed rats over 2 h and induced expression of the immediate early gene, early growth response-1, in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN), whereas maintaining plasma-free T(3) levels within the normal range. T(3)-induced feeding occurred without altering energy expenditure or locomotion. Injection of T(3) directly into the VMN produced a 4-fold increase in food intake in the first hour. The majority of T(3) in the brain is reported to be produced by tissue-specific conversion of T(4) to T(3) by the enzyme type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2). Hypothalamic D2 mRNA expression showed a diurnal variation, with a peak in the nocturnal feeding phase. Hypothalamic D2 mRNA levels also increased after a 12- and 24-h fast, suggesting that local production of T(3) may play a role in this T(3) feeding circuit. Thus, we propose a novel hypothalamic feeding circuit in which T(3), from the peripheral circulation or produced by local conversion, stimulates food intake via the VMN.Endocrinology 12/2004; 145(11):5252-8. DOI:10.1210/en.2004-0545 · 4.64 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Imperial College London
Londinium, England, United Kingdom
- • Section of Investigative Medicine
- • Faculty of Medicine

subset: commoncrawl


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Livestreaming our pre-alpha Friday night!!Aug 27, 2014 Pumpkin Online News 0 comments
We'll be doing a Live stream of what we have in engine. Come hang out with us, ask some questions and see what we've been working on.
Not to mention an epic American Eagle!
We'll be doing a Live stream of what we have in engine. Come hang out with us, ask some questions and see what we've been working on.
Those who spend a lot of swearing in uploaded videos can risk losing access to Xbox Live.
Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor takes Tolkien's fantasy universe into the next console generation, and released on both Xbox and PS4 One, in addition to...
All information you can get about Playstation 4 release date is here now.
Ubisoft want to show what lies in wait in the Caribbean Sea
Guess what the government is doing with a lot of the armored trucks it used in Iraq and Afghanistan... Get ready to see police driving these twenty ton monsters on the streets very soon.
And it's not just major cities either. Even the small town in Tennessee I just moved from got two. In case all of the wild turkeys and deer there decide to revolt or something.
*sigh* And the formation of the Police State continues... :/
I like to participate KICKSTARTER EVENT can anyone help by launching the camp for the sake of us
food for thought - what if i said there where no chemical weapons in Syria and the media and the white house are lying and its all about money and power all at the cost of human lives ? remember back when we went to war in the middle east based on false information about "weapons of mass destruction" in the terrifying hands of Saddam Hussein.
2 messages I'd like to send every American-
A patriot and a nationalist are two different things
Kindness is not weakness.
#2 on ModDB.
606 visits today so far.
Well... that's interesting.
I think a lot of us mistake this for the humour group. Excuse us.
I'm from Brazil but I love US ! "God Bless America" !
well god bless all americans
Except the dumbasses. xD
Promote United States of America on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).


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A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers
Apr 20
// David Houghton
#1 – The Back-Seat Gamer Behavior "No! Leave that! Go that way! Kill that guy! Circle strafe, circle strafe! Jumpjumpjumpjumpjump! Chainsaw, chainsaw! Rocket launcher on the guy at the back! NOOOOOOOO! Told you you shouldn't have done that. My go." Think you're a good gamer? Forget those aspirations my friend. You are not as good as this guy. He is at one with the games, symbiotically tuned with them in body and mind. He sees all, he knows all, and he will pre-empt any AI script created. Every map of every level of every game is seared into the very matter of his brain, and he can walk any section by simply closing his eyes and recalling his surroundings down to the pixel. There are no surprises. There are no challenges. He laughs at player's guides and devours opponents by the crunching meaty handful. He is, quite simply, unstoppable. In his mind that is … You see unless he's actually playing, this guy knows everything. In theory he can destroy any game, rendering it to a small quivering puddle of blackening disc plastic by his sheer presence. In theory he's the guy you want, no, need on your side. In theory, he skips straight to the most punishing difficulty level on a new game and burns through it in no time with his legendary gaming insight and lightning-fast precision skills. In theory … In practice however, the only recorded noise in human history louder than his militant bestowing of "advice" and proclamations of his gaming qualifications is the sound of the servers emptying whenever he enters a lobby. You see, the simple fact is, he's not actually that good … Oh of course, he can talk a good game. Some of his aspirations of game knowledge are probably even plausible. He'll have played enough to learn level layouts, know where the power ups and weapons are hidden, and understand exactly where you're supposed to hit the boss. That doesn't however, mean that he can actually do it. Thus, he will make up for his shortcomings (again, in his mind) by making sure that you know he could do it. Oh sweet Ghandi on a hover-board, he'll make sure you know. Every move you make, you can bet he'll be watching you like a video gaming overlord Sting, correcting you every time you move a pixel off the exact course he would have used. Change weapons or power up a second after he recommends it and you're playing the game wrong and will fail. Achieve the miracle of success without following his instructions however, and well, you can do it that way, but you're supposed to. This is the reason people online know him and fear him. There's no avoiding it if you have the miserable, Dickensian street-orphan's luck to end up in a game with him. Whether co-op or versus, he'll be the same. Whether commanding the team or merely controlling an underling, it doesn't matter. He'll let you know where you're going wrong (and you will be going wrong, don't doubt that for a second) for every step of the miserable, grinding, teeth-gritting, face-bursting, hernia-inducing, mind-raping, sanity-haemorrhaging way. And that's nothing compared to the supernova of aural abuse you'll suffer if his team loses. Which it probably will, as by that point his comrades will have thrown the match just for the spectacularly horrific comedy of seeing him go into meltdown. Games PlayedAnything. It doesn't matter. He's better than you at all of them. How To Deal With Them If you're playing anything, from Solitaire to Gears Of War, it's best to be out of visual and sonic range of a back-seat gamer. Preferably in another room. Or another house. Country even. Actually screw it, if at all possible, you should endeavour to be in a totally different area of the space-time continuum to any back-seat gamer. It seriously is worth travelling in time to avoid these people. And never play them at co-op anything, least of all FPS, as that way lies only Lovecraftian madness and despair. You'll make it through three minutes of play at most before you end up shooting them. With an actual gun. You'll go and buy a really big one specially, trust me. #2 - The Closet Gamer BehaviorA tragically repressed game lover, the closet gamer has not come to terms with the modern, accepting gaming climate. It's probably not their fault. Maybe they weren't lucky enough to grow up with a supportive gaming crew around them. Maybe they were forced to spend their younger developmental years trying to fit in with an unsympathetic crowd, and had to hide their true urges by mocking the school geeks at lunch time. Or perhaps they had over-protective parents who fell victim to the tabloid hysteria of the early '90's, and were beaten senseless with warnings of social ostracising and the deadly gaming-transmitted diseases of psychosis and epilepsy. Whatever the reason, the closet gamer is a troubled self-hater, constantly struggling with his or her inner desires to break out into open gaming, for fear of the recrimination of a cold, cold society that just doesn't understand. I have a friend like this. His is a sad story, but it needs to be told, if only for the hope that it will help others in his situation. He's been game-curious for years, having the occasional quiet dabble in casual games when they were presented to him, but never allowing himself to be seen actively seeking them out. He's always loved a bit of Tetris or a quick blast of Street Fighter II, but he's never owned a console. However a couple of years ago while he was at university, his guard slipped and his true nature started to show itself for the first time. Living in a house with an N64-owning friend, Mario Kart 64 became his gateway game and things began to change for him. Of course at the time, he passed it off as a mere temporary phase, a bit of harmless experimentation with an accessible party game. He was just trying it out to see what it was like, and of course, it didn't mean he was a gamer. Over the course of the year however, the inner depths of the game began to take hold, and something inside him began to stir. His hardcore side slowly but steadily awakened, and after a prolonged diet of daily binges he was talking about power slide physics and correct item usage like a pro. Though he still wouldn't admit to anything.It all came to a head last Summer. His parents were away and he had the familial home to himself, so he invited me round for the evening. However what he proposed shocked me. "Come around, bring the SNES, and we'll get drunk and stay up all night completing Mario World"This was unprecedented behaviour for him. Maybe it was the opportunity of being safely alone in his own house, away from the prying judgemental eyes of his university friends, and maybe the planned heavy drinking was his way of building up the courage to go through with it. Whatever the reason, it was clear that this could well be the night of his outing, and if it was going to happen, he'd need a sympathetic guide to help him through the process. Obviously, I deigned to be the friend he needed. Everything went brilliantly. After a couple of beers, his inhibitions dropped quickly, and in no time at all we were ploughing through the first island. By 3AM we were well into the Vanilla Dome with all secrets unlocked, and a whole new world was opening up for him. His future life looked to be one of well-adjusted self-acceptance and healthy, peaceful happiness. The next morning however, it was a different story. With sobriety and the cold light of day came his previous guilt and repression, worse tenfold now following our nocturnal activities. I don't mind telling you it was an awkward morning. He couldn't even look me in the eye for the first few hours, and even later in the day conversation was stilted at best. Still clearly trying to come to terms with the events of the previous night, he'd fallen back on his safe-zone of denial rather than embracing who he is, and my disappointment for him was crushing. Things are getting better now, and we are talking again, but it just isn't the same. I still have hope for his future happiness though. I'm currently using the casual fun of the Wii and DS to get him back on the horse, and the news that his new housemate is buying a 360 has warmed my heart. A bit of experimental co-op over Live, taken at whatever pace he's comfortable with, and hopefully we'll start seeing some progress. Games PlayedAnything casual and quick, and easy to hide if interrupted. The odd bit of Tetris or Minesweeper at work is okay "just to unwind", and retro games give them the excuse that they're "just laughing at the graphics". The advent of the DS is a major help for these people, given how quickly it can be closed and pocketed in standby mode should prying eyes arrive. How To Deal With ThemDon't push them. Try to subtly bring them into more overt gaming over time, but do it with games and a pace that they feel okay with. Too much too fast and they'll retreat into their shell faster than an agoraphobic snail at a rave. And never use leet-speak around them. Simply being in the presence of someone who uses the word "owned" will sent them spiralling down into more counselling sessions than anyone can afford. They're not going to be ready for that kind of heavy exposure to the hidden world they crave for a good long time, so don't rush them. -- Next week: Chavs! (view all chapters)
Told you you shouldn't have done that. My go
[Originally published in 2007, one of my favorites from Destructoid's Golden Archives! -Niero] It used to be a lot easier to stereotype a gamer. It used to be that all that was needed was some greasy hair, thick glasses, and ...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 10
Aug 16
// David Houghton
This my friends, will be the last chapter of the Guide for now. I've loved writing it, and I've loved even more the feedback you guys have given me and the discussions we've had as a result of this series. It's been the most ...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 9
Aug 02
// David Houghton
One of the best things about this generation of videogames is the sheer diversity of what's around. Tried and tested genres are evolving and mutating under the influence of next gen technology. Indie developers are making a c...
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A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 8
Jul 26
// David Houghton
Videogames are great, right? We all know that. To the average player they bring fun, stimulation and cameraderie, demanding only the occasional sleepless night and mild case of carpal tunnel syndrome in payment for the big fa...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 7
Jul 05
// David Houghton
Roll up, roll up one and all, and come bear witness to the greatest cavalcade of videogaming curiosities known to modern man. We've got freaks, we've got geeks, we've got things the mere sight of which will make your eyes ble...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 6
Jun 28
// David Houghton
Once again, it's Thursday, meaning the time has come to roll out this week's chapter of the Guide. Follow me through the jump, where you'll find another gamer archetype analyzed, scrutinized, dissected*, and moderately lampoo...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers: Chapter 5
Jun 21
// David Houghton
Welcome friends, to the fifth chapter of A Guide To Reconizing Your Gamers, your invaluable helper in spotting the many varied gamer sub-genera prevalent in today's videogaming experience. As gaming has spread as an activity ...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers - Chapter 4
Jun 14
// David Houghton
So here we are again, at the beginning of the newest chapter of our gaming field guide. I'm sure you all know the drill by now. Each week we take two archetypes of the 21st century gaming world and analyse their traits, play ...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers - Chapter 3
Jun 07
// David Houghton
Welcome once again to our continuing anthropological guide to the ways of the modern gamer. You may recall that last week, a full dissection of the common or garden British gaming chav took over the whole chapter. Things retu...
When did I turn into a Halo person?
Jun 06
Look I drink ... and so does our friend Kevin Kelly over at Joystiq. It seems that he has also been in search of the Halo's just as your (not "you're) loveable and cuddly Greybush has. This video and its greatnes...
A Guide To Recognizing Your Gamers - Chapter 2
May 31
// David Houghton
Welcome, my friends, to the second part of Destructoid's ongoing field guide to the anthropology of the various modern gamer sub-species. Before we go on with this week's study, I must confess that only one of the two b...
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text:
Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity and Conservation is an international journal that publishes articles on all aspects of biological diversity-its description, analysis and conservation, and its controlled rational use by humankind. The scope of Biodiversity and Conservation is wide and multidisciplinary, and embraces all life-forms.
The journal presents research papers, as well as editorials, comments and research notes on biodiversity and conservation, and contributions dealing with the practicalities of conservation management, economic, social and political issues. The journal provides a forum for examining conflicts between sustainable development and human dependence on biodiversity in agriculture, environmental management and biotechnology, and encourages contributions from developing countries to promote broad global perspectives on matters of biodiversity and conservation.
- 24 Volumes
- 283 Issues
- 3,927 Articles
- 89 Open Access
- 1992 - 2015 Available between
Latest Articles
Erratum to: The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services gets profile
Marcus Zisenis (July 2015)
Original Paper
Botanic gardens can positively influence visitors' environmental attitudes
Sophie J. Williams, Julia P. G. Jones, James M. Gibbons… (July 2015)
Original Paper
Population restoration of the nocturnal bird Athene noctua in Western Europe: an example of evidence based species conservation
Jan Christian Habel, Julia Braun, Christina Fischer… (July 2015)
- Journal Title
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Coverage
- Volume 1 / 1992 - Volume 24 / 2015
- Print ISSN
- 0960-3115
- Online ISSN
- 1572-9710
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
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Continue reading...
To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


text:
The PokéCommunity Forums
Official Forums
The Welcome Lounge
> *Ambles in* Might as well introduce myself...
View Full Version :
*Ambles in* Might as well introduce myself...
July 26th, 2007, 03:09 PM
Hey! 'Dis be Espegirl. I'm new(as you might have guessed) but I've been on a lot of forums so I'm not exactly a Newb. *Grins* So...Hi.:D
July 26th, 2007, 03:12 PM
Hi!!!!! Welcome to the PC. I'll be your friend if you want. All I have to say is read the rules and have FUN!!!!!:P
July 26th, 2007, 03:13 PM
Hello, Espegirl, welcome to PC, I'm Kurogane, as you can tell. PM me if you need any help. Stay active, and have fun :D
July 26th, 2007, 03:26 PM
*grins again* Thanks, I look around.
July 26th, 2007, 03:37 PM
welcome aboard! cutest siggy piccy ever XD
July 26th, 2007, 04:28 PM
:D Thanks, I'm obbsessed with Espeon, so naturally I wrote a fic on one and that's Atona.
July 26th, 2007, 07:40 PM
and where might one who is curios such as moi find such a fic with such a kyootypie espeon?
Always and Never
July 26th, 2007, 11:04 PM
I seriously need a new friend.
So hi. There's not much going on lately here at PC. So meeting new people really brings the excitement out.
Your siggy is adorable. "Atona."
I'd really love to read the fan fic, so make sure to post it here, all right?
Please, PM me if you want to talk to someone. Cause I need a new friend ^_^
July 27th, 2007, 10:26 AM
Hi Espegirl! Follow the rules and stay active! If you need help or want a friend just PM me, K?
July 27th, 2007, 01:54 PM
OK! I'll post my fic, but I must admit, it's only 3 pages a chapter and I double spaced it. Plus, there's only 10 Chapters or so. But, I'll post it anyway.
July 27th, 2007, 02:28 PM
Hey, welcome to PC.
Hope you have fun. x]
Sal Kar
July 27th, 2007, 02:39 PM
Hey whatsup? Welcome to pc, be sure to read zeh rulez -points out rulez- and stay actice. Your fanfic soundz intresting, ill be sure to read it. ^.^
July 28th, 2007, 04:30 PM
Hey! How you doing!?...........


text:
Sack!!!without the wide 9!!wooo
Eagles win - Dream Team!
Eagles lose - Dynasty!
Eagles tie - I miss 5!
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text:
Next Hotels, London.
Hotels near NextThis HotelMap shows hotels near Next. Next is in the London area called Victoria. Main attractions near Next include Westminster Cathedral, Edel Assanti, The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace. The nearest station is Victoria Tube Station. This Next HotelMap connects live to nearby hotels - showing you true room availability and the latest special offer rates directly from the hotels.
4 minutes walk from Next
89% of past customers recommend this hotel.
The tenth best hotel in Europe according to New Yorker's tourist Bible 'Travel and Leisure' is so close to Buckingham Palace you can almost hear the corgis yapping. Traditional mahogany furnishings are matched to elegant contemporary design in the rooms, while an army of efficient staff ensure that everything is polished and running smoothly. A genuine destination hotel....
4 minutes walk from Next
96% of past customers recommend this hotel.
This contemporary hotel has 299 modern, spacious rooms featuring en suite bathrooms, air conditioning, flat screen TV and internet access. The hotel is located just a few minutes walk from famous tourist attractions such as Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey and Houses of Parliament and near Victoria Station, providing easy access guests. The AA Rosette rated JBS Restaurant serves delicious mode...
4 minutes walk from Next
92% of past customers recommend this hotel.
This is as close to Buckingham Palace as you can get. It's also nearby Victoria station which is not quite as glamorous but very convenient. There are three diningbar areas the Palace Lounge for afternoon tea with a view over the Royal Mews, the Cavalry Bar for cocktails, or the unashamedly old-fashioned Library Restaurant - as tipped by Tatler....
Classic Hotel
5 minutes walk from Next
94% of past customers recommend this hotel.
When it was built in 1897, this gloriously luxurious hotel was the London home for visiting aristocrats from throughout the world. Now, with its location in the heart of Westminster, impressive range of facilities and spectacular architecture, it's the hotel of choice for anyone who demands to feel like royalty in the heart of London. In January 2014 the hotel was acquired and rebranded St. Jame...
To view London Hotels in a conventional list view we recommend LondonTown.com


text:
Deaf Can TV is looking for people who knows ASL – DFW
Deaf Can TV is looking for people who knows ASL – DFW
Deaf Can TV is looking for someone who knows ASL to work with our editor in
north Dallas for post production. This is a 3 month intern position and will
require about 10 hours per month. This is not a paid position however, it
may turn into paid position after 3 months.
Also looking for guest entertainers from the deaf community to appear on our
Email [email protected] for more information.
Related posts
- Job Opportunity: Deafness Resource Specialist - Region 4
- Deaf Storytelling Brown Bag Lunch - Houston
- Trix Bruce is coming to Austin
- Signing Santa is coming to your Videophone 2012
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- Public Service Announcement from the City of Fort Worth
- "A to Z: ABC Stories in ASL" on Sale
- ASL Deconstructed Workshop - Austin
- Two Interpreting Workshops - Houston
- Deaf, Deaf World 2015 - DFW


text:
Risk Management
This text is intended to be a caption for the above image.
In a practical as opposed to a theoretical sense, there are pros and cons to the current focus on risk management, said Robert Bigman, who retired as the CIA's chief information security officer earlier this year and is now CEO of his own consulting firm, 2BSecure LLC.
"I think it has a lot of appeal in government for agencies getting a handle on what they have, though not necessarily where the risk is," he said. "Most agency CIOs don't know what they have and what's connected to what, so in that sense the risk management process is good, not just from an asset management perspective but also for security."
Main story: Cyber insecurity: Managing against the risks
However, there is no accepted common concept behind what risk management means in the IT environment, Bigman added. Management strategies are good when you have a finite set of variables and know what you are dealing with, but that's not typical for IT security.
Furthermore, most agencies must take risks every day in order to do their jobs — risks that a risk management strategy will tell you not to take. In that case, he said, what is likely to take precedence?
"Because of the event-by-event, case-by-case state agencies are in, security is a day-by-day, tactical response program, and what we're doing is running around putting out fires and trying to keep the mission going," he said. "This notion that you can automate this and interactively understand your risk on a daily basis is a whim, a farce."
About the Author
Brian Robinson is a freelance writer based in Portland, Ore.
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Three-time Federal 100 winner is leaving government in July.
Members of Congress heaped hard questions on federal IT leaders at a June 16 hearing and suggested strongly that somebody needs to be fired.
Senate bill carves out exemption for supercomputing and other lab IT; an earlier version of the measure would have exempted the entire Department of Energy.
OPM is partnering with CSID to try to manage the fallout from a massive breach of some 4 million federal personnel records.
Steve Kelman applauds the OMB's move to make career employees "goal leaders" for performance management initiatives -- but wishes it had come far earlier in the administration.
In an exclusive interview, Jimaye Sones, who was Defense Information Systems Agency comptroller from 2005 to 2013, says he was reassigned after revealing questionable accounting practices at the agency.
Through computer forensics training and internships, veterans are helping Immigration and Customs Enforcement tackle a backlog in child exploitation cases.
After two months on the job studying DOD's cybersecurity and IT needs, Secretary Ashton Carter is set to unveil a new Pentagon cyber strategy in Silicon Valley.
The failure of massive federal IT projects can usually be traced to poor management. The solution is as multilayered as the projects themselves.
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— Urban Transport
The Walking Bicycle strolls along at 15 mph
By Dave Parrack - June 1, 2014 7 Pictures
If you enjoy the simple pleasure of walking but wish it got you from A to B as quickly as cycling then the Walking Bicycle may be your dream machine. The Walking Bicycle combines the two activities into one electric-assisted whole, allowing you to propel yourself forward at speed simply by putting one foot in front of the other. Read More


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I was in love with this dress as soon as I saw it! I bought it (in red) immediately without any lingering doubts. The good reviews/comments also helped me a great deal with my decisions. The dress also got here earlier than I expected. My mother absolutely loved it. My boyfriend and I went there with matching outfits and we received awesome comments from my friends and almost everyone at the party. Discount-Dress.com will definitely be the first site I'd go to if I'm looking for a dress for special events. Great Price. Beautiful Dress. Excellent Customer Service.
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I ordered this dress quite a while ago and posted a review on the 11/24/10. Just want again to say how happy i was with the dress and thought id post some pics with me wearing it on my special day
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Sinn Fein, the political wing of the IRA as it used to quaintly be called, says Martin McGuinness will shake Queen's hand.
1905, from Irish, literally "we ourselves," from Old Irish féin "self," from PIE *swei-no-, suffixed form of root *s(w)e- (see idiom). Movement founded 1905 by Irish journalist and politician Arthur Griffith (1872-1922).
An Irish political party (in Gaelic it means "Ourselves Alone") that has long combatted Great Britain's influence in Ireland and sought the unification of Northern Ireland with the Irish republic in the south; generally considered the political portion of the Irish Republican Army. One wing of it has engaged in terrorism.


text: February 20, 2015 Postcode: DT6 Just had Pete and his son Sam in to decorate our house this week. Lovely friendly blokes, and they've done a brilliant job in all four rooms, taking great care to keep everything clean and tidy. I certainly recommend them. Service: Value: Get details »


text:
- Remember, fireworks are dangerous
- Wallace asks citizens to fight cuts
- Dispute over state payroll rolls on
- Why fight over free trade confounds partisan divide
- Still no state budget
- Crime control is not the responsibility of landlords
- Fly over to the Poplar Grove Wings and Wheels Museum benefit
- Local leaders warn of budget deadlock's impact
- SHUTDOWN: Illinois preps for the worst
- TRRT Online Edition | July 1-7
Saddened by Paterno scandal at end of life
I opened my mail browser today to find great sadness. Joe Paterno died at 85.
Outside of knowing Joe Paterno was the Penn State coach for like centuries, I only knew his name and never really followed Penn State.
If you ask around, you will find all sorts of Joe Paterno followers. I never was.
I am deeply saddened by his death so soon after the scandal he was linked in.
Sure, I would like every college official who knew about the sexual abuse and dropped the ball to be taken to the carpet. There is a part of me that still wonders if there could not have been a better way and time to bring the scandal in the open. Despite the 85 years he lived, and the many problems he may have had, I wonder how much all of this scandal did to hurry up the time of his death.
I wonder how many who pushed this scandal at this particular time figured that the death of someone was just and good.
Daniel Robert Smyth
From the Feb. 1-7, 2012, issue


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Compacker: Robotic case packer
The new Compacker Rap-UP 190-3 fully automatic case packer erects, loads, and seals regular to large size case blanks around product. The machine is equipped with a custom-engineered servo controlled robotic loader that picks and places rolls of paper or film up to 72" in length.
Features include servo- or VFD-controlled drives adjustments by hand cranks PLC logic operator/interface display accumulators/loaders for product and more.
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Brain & Nervous System Health Center
Tourette Syndrome
This information is provided as a resource and does not constitute an endorsement for any group. It is the responsibility of the reader to decide whether a group is appropriate for his/her needs. For evidence-based information on diseases, conditions, symptoms, treatment and wellness issues, continue searching this site.
International. Founded 1972. Provices support, education and advocacy for individuals with Tourette Syndrome. Website also provides news, calender of events and ways to get involved. Click on 'USA CHAPTERS' for support groups and chapters from all ove rthe US and Puerto Rico. Click 'INTERNATIONAL' for global resources and support.
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WebMD Medical Reference from the American Self-Help Clearinghouse


text: In a Memory of a Music Man by Sahar Z published on 2012/05/30 11:18:18 +0000 i recorded this after Danny died :( I did not know him well but his death affected me differently then other deaths i experienced, (still dont know why...) i had those melodys in my head mixing with what i've felt in the days after he died and i had to bring it out through this set. this is my requiem for you danny boy - hope u will enjoy it :) good bye my friend.. i mix u in the next life. track list : ( it was spoky when i finish it and i saw the names of the tracks - so real! ) In the first mix i did i open the set with Ananda Project - "Cascades Of Colour", but when i tried to upload it to soundcloud Unfortunately i couldn't cause of copyright issue with this Specific track. 1. Ananda Project - Cascades Of Colour (not in this short version) 2. Pillowtalk - Long Lost Friends 3. Poolside - Take Me Home 4. Kasper Bjorke - Heaven 5. Moodymanc - Black Paint 6. Lanoiraude - Waitin 7. Manuel Tur - The Traveller 8. Tycho - Daydream 9. Coldplay - Death and all his Friends


text:
Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament
A selection of articles related to miniature fox terrier temperament.
Original articles from our library related to the Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament.
- The Veils of Negative Existance and the Qliphoth
- There are two areas on the Tree of Life that need to be addressed to complete the description of it's structure. First, the area above Kether, the first Sephiroth, is called the Veils of Negative Existence. The term "Veils" suggests to us to use...
Magick >> Qabalah
- Bringing it Down to Earth: A Fractal Approach
- 'Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.' B. Mandelbrot W e want to think about the future - it's our nature. Unlike other creatures, humans possess an...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
- Basics of Magick: The Use of Color in Magick
- White | Silver | Grey | Pink | Red | Purple | Brown | Blue | Green | Yellow | Gold | Black In magick, colors represent certain energies, goals, people and non-physical beings, such as deities or spiritual forces. For this reason, you should include candles,...
Symbology >> Colorology
- King James Bible: Luke, Chapter 13
- Chapter 13 13:1 There were present at that season some that told him of the Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. 13:2 And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans,...
New Testament >> Luke
- Everyday Earth
- When you think of "Earth" what comes to mind? Perhaps you feel the stable element of solidity and grounding. Or maybe you see Earth as the third planet from the Sun. Or for you, is Earth the rich brown soil in your own backyard? Earth is all these...
The Elements >> Earth
- Lauràelle, the Ceremony & the Sword: An OBE Experience
- I have profoundly hesitated over the telling of this tale for many years. I have a lifetime of experiences like this to share, but some (like this one) may seem way over the top to some people, no matter how its written. This is simply because they lack any...
Astral Projection >> Out of Body Experiences
Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- The National Toy Fox Terrier Association Breeder's Code of Ethics
- www.nationaltoyfoxterrier.org
- Toy Fox Terrier
- Temperament. The Toy Fox Terrier is intelligent, alert and friendly, and completely loyal to their owners and protective of them.
- www.ckc.ca
- Fox Terrier Alert!
- Dec 5, 2010 cuers' safety and to mini- mize the stress . $10 — A new toy, bone or collar, or two ID tags. • $25 — One American Fox Terrier Rescue is 100% volunteer and do- nor powered.
- www.foxterrierrescue.net
- Secretary's Page - May 2003
- Temperament—The Toy Fox Terrier is intelligent, alert and friendly, and loyal to its owners.
- www.akc.org
- European immigrants settled in South America, bringing Fox Terriers Smooth and Bodeguero Andaluz Temperament: Brave, gentle, lively, alert and energetic.
- www.terrierchileno.com
Suggested Web Resources
- Toy Fox Terrier Information, Facts, Pictures, Training and Grooming
- Learn about the temperament and personality of the Toy Fox Terrier. Discover what he's like, his traits and how he behaves.
- www.justdogbreeds.com
- Miniature Fox Terrier - Dog Breed Info Center
- Temperament, Loyal, inquisitive, fearless, active and adaptable.
- www.dogbreedinfo.com
- Toy Fox Terriers Dog Breeds
- Toy Fox Terrier Temperament. This intelligent breed is highly trainable, making it an excellent companion for people with disabilities.
- www.5stardog.com
- Toy Fox Terriers: What's Good About 'Em? What's Bad About 'Em?
- Toy Fox Terriers: the most honest dog breed review you'll ever find about Toy Fox Terrier temperament, personality, and behavior.
- www.yourpurebredpuppy.com
- Toy Fox Terrier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Temperament. Toy Fox Terriers, like many active and intelligent breeds, can learn to respond to a number of words.
- en.wikipedia.org
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Miniature Fox Terrier Temperament Topics
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29 year old woman | San Francisco, CA, USA | Seeking women 24-35
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