text:
A bistatic, Doppler sonar that having a plurality of receiver channels det intrusion in an insonified water zone processes return signals in a plurality of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies to effect short and long term averaging of return energy and short and long term averaging of return energy slope prior to sampling and comparison to generate a multiple bit binary word that is periodically updated and read out in parallel form to detection logic. The detection logic utilizes parallel sets of shift register memories and comparators to detect when rates of occurrence of energy, slope, and stroke conditions exceed predetermined rates, and utilizes a plurality of levels of coincidence gates to detect predetermined combinations of such conditions that will produce an alarm initiating signal.
1. A bistatic sonar system for detecting intrusion into a predetermined zone of a body of water, said system comprising:
a source of a reference frequency;
fixed, continuous wave transmitter means, responsive to said reference frequency, for insonification of said zone with acoustic energy at a predetermined frequency;
fixed receiver means including hydrophone means, separately disposed from said transmitter means, for receiving acoustic signals from said zone and providing corresponding electrical signals as an output;
automatic gain controlled amplifier means, responsive to said hydrophone means, for amplifying target return signals with a gain that is varied in response to slowing changing background noise;
up and down Doppler resolver means, responsive to said reference frequency and to the output of said amplifer means, for providing target signal containing up Doppler and down Doppler sideband frequencies;
signal processing means, responsive to said up Doppler and down Doppler sideband frequencies, for effecting filtering and detection of signals at a plurality of fixed bandpass frequencies within said sideband frequencies and for repetitively providing a multiple bit binary word representative of samples of a plurality of detected return signal conditions including energy, spectral slope, and stroke content;
logic means, responsive to predetermined combinations of rates of occurrence of word bit binary levels, for generating a utilization initiating signal; and
utilization means, responsive to said utilization initiating signal, for effecting a predetermined utilization function.
2. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 1, and wherein said signal processing means comprises:
a plurality of parallel, filter and detector means for detecting signals within a plurality of frequency passbands for each Doppler sideband;
a plurality of first averager means for effecting short term averaging of signals detected in each frequency passband of each Doppler sideband;
a plurality of second averager means for effecting long term averaging of signals detected in each frequency passband of each Doppler sideband;
first multiplexer means for sampling the outputs of said first averager means and serializing the samples thereof;
second multiplexer means for sampling the outputs of said long term averager means and serializing the samples thereof;
comparator means, responsive to said serialized samples from said first and second multiplexers, for generating a series of binary data bits representative of relative signal content of said samples derived from said Doppler sidebands; and
memory means for assembling said series of binary data bits into said binary word and periodically reading said word out in parallel outputs of said data bits, each such output being representative of one of said conditions of energy, spectral slope, or stroke content.
3. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 2, and wherein said logic means comprises:
a plurality of plural stage shift registers each register being adapted to periodically receive data bits from one of said parallel outputs for periodic shifting through the stages thereof;
a like plurality of register data comparators, each associated with a corresponding one of said shift registers, said register data comparators each being characterized by binary reference levels so selected that the comparator produces a predetermined binary output upon a predetermined number of occurrences of predetermined binary data bits in said corresponding register.
4. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 3, and wherein said signal processing means further comprises:
first and second slope computer means, responsive respectively to the up Doppler and down Doppler outputs of a plurality of said first averager means, for differentiating the outputs thereof to provide short term slope detected outputs for each of said Doppler sidebands as inputs to said first multiplexer means; and
first and second additional averager means for providing long term averaging of said slope detected outputs as inputs to said second multiplexer means.
5. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 4, and wherein said logic means further comprises:
AND gate means, responsive to coincidences of predetermined pairs of outputs of said register data comparators, for providing said utilization initiating signal.
6. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 5, and wherein:
said system includes shore station means including said source of a reference frequency;
said transmitter means is disposed remotely from said shore station and comprises power amplifier means, for driving an acoustic projector means;
acoustic projector means, driven by said power amplifier means, for effecting said insonifying of said water zone; and
phase lock means, responsive to said reference frequency signal, for providing a reference frequency stabilized transmit frequency signal to said power amplifier means irrespective of reference frequency attenuation between said shore station and said transmitter means.
7. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 6, and wherein:
said receiver means comprises a watertight housing;
said hydrophone means comprises a plurality of hydrophones mounted in an azimuthal array on said housing; and
each of said hydrophones comprising an assembly of vertically long and short piezoelectric elements selectively operable alternatively or in unison whereby the vertical pattern of receiving response is adapted to be selected in accordance with depth of water in said zone.
8. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 6, and further comprising:
status monitoring means, responsive to automatic gain control voltage conditions of said amplifier means, for generating predetermined binary outputs to said signal processing means and corresponding to increase or decrease of background noise above or below predetermined levels as by subjecting said hydrophone means to masking or to jamming signals.
9. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 7, and wherein:
said receiver means comprises a plurality of receiving channels each associated with one of said hydrophones, and signal interface means, responsive to a utilization initiating signal from any of said channels to effect actuation of said utilization means.
10. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system including a projector for insonifying a water zone with continuous wave acoustic energy centered at a predetermined carrier frequency, a multiple channel receiver for receiving return signals from said zone at frequencies including said carrier frequency and Doppler shifted sidebands thereof and operative to form alarm initiating signals when the return signals include detected energy, time, and frequency characteristics representative of an intrusion into said zone, each receiver channel comprising:
a hydrophone;
an automatic gain controlled preamplifier connected to amplify outputs of said hydrophone;
resolver means, responsive to direct and quadrature forms of said carrier frequency and to said return signals, for providing outputs representative of up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies;
pluralities of first and second filter and detector units for detecting return signals at corresponding pluralities of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies, respectively;
a plurality of first and second short term averagers connected to provide short term averages of the return signals detected by said first and second sets of filter and detector units, respectively;
a plurality of first and second long term averagers connected to provide long term averages of the return signals detected by said first and second sets of filter and detector units, respectively;
first and second slope computing means, responsive to a portion of said short term averages of said first and second short term averagers, respectively, for providing first and second slope representing signals;
first and second additional long term averagers for providing long term averages of each of said slope representing signals;
first and second multiplexers for respectively sampling said long and short term averages to form first and second series of samples representative thereof;
a comparator for comparing said samples of said first and second series to provide a series of binary data bits representative thereof;
a recirculating memory for converting said series into a periodically recirculating multiple bit binary word, and for periodic reading out of said word in parallel bit form;
first, second, third, fourth and fifth pluralities of parallel accumulator and comparator means, responsive to said periodic parallel bit readout, for providing a plurality of outputs each representative of presence or absence of a predetermined frequency of occurrence of a predetermined return signal condition corresponding to presence or absence of an intrusion;
a plurality of coincidence gate means, responsive to predetermined combinations of said accumulator and comparator means outputs to provide an intrusion signal.
11. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 10, and wherein: said multiple channel receiver comprises three of said receiver channels.
12. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 11, and wherein:
said pluralities of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies comprise about five of said up Doppler frequencies and about five of said down Doppler frequencies; and
said pluralities of first and second short and long term averagers and said first and second pluralities of accumulator and comparator means correspond in numbers to said up and down Doppler frequencies, respectively, and receive work bit inputs representative of energy of said return signals at said discrete frequencies.
13. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 12, and wherein:
said third plurality of accumulator and comparator means comprises two such means and receive word bit inputs representative of said slope computer outputs; and
said fourth and fifth pluralities of accumulator and comparator means each comprise two such means that receive word bit inputs representative of energy of return signals at predetermined pairs of said up Doppler and said down Doppler frequencies characteristic of intruder stroke movements.
This invention relates to the field of sonar, and more particularly to sonar apparatus for the detection and classification of intruders into a water zone of interest.
A variety of approaches have been considered for the detection of the presence or intrusion of things or persons into an air or water zone or area of interest. In general, such approaches have either been passive, listening devices or have been active systems that include transmitter means to insonify the zone of interest, and receiver means that detect characteristic changes or disturbances in the insonification signals. When the transmission and receiving means are located at different points in space but share a common insonification region, the system is termed bistatic.
Bistatic intruder detection devices in general rely on motion induced frequency shifts or Doppler effects. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,111,657; 3,121,856; 3,383,678; 3,582,870; 3,740,704; 3,744,015; 3,878,526; 3,955,171; and 4,206,510 provide examples of Doppler based detection systems. Among the advances taught by those patents are the use of automatic gain control to adjust receiver gain to background noise conditions, the use of plural filters in detection of frequency related returns, the averaging of returns over a period of time, and use of spectral energy content and slope against selected threshhold values. Bistatic sonar detection of intrusion into a building, room, or other air space differs from detection of an intruder in a water zone of concern in numerous respects including but not limited to differences in speed of sound transmission, reverberation, background noise, type and speed of body movements relative to the background, and power considerations. It has been determined, for example, that the strokes of a swimmer or of a wader, or a small boat paddler, produce Doppler variations concentrated at the higher end of the range of frequencies expected. This fact is taken advantage of by the invention to achieve a more certain logic classification and lower false alarm rate.
Among the shortcomings of existing systems for detection of an intruder into a water zone of interest are low assurance of detection of certain intruder characteristics, high false alarm rate, uneven area or volume coverage, high installation and maintenance costs, and a need for skilled and attentive operators.
With the foregoing in mind, it is a principle object of this invention to provide a novel and improved intrusion detection system of the bistatic sonar type particularly useful in maintaining surveillance over a water zone of interest and providing reliable indication or alarm when a wader, swimmer, or other intruding entity enters the protected zone.
Another object is to provide such a system that yields greater reliability of intruder detection yet affords the capability of lower false alarm rates, and requires attendance by relatively unskilled operators.
Yet another object is the provision of an intrusion detecting sonar system that is readily adapted to provide a prolonged barrier line for protection of an extended zone of protection.
As another object the invention aims to provide, in a bistatic, Doppler sonar system for detection of swimmers, waders, small craft, and the like, improved signal processing and detection logic that cooperate to initiate an alarm in response to certain changes in return energy, spectrum slope, and intruder stroke generated noise.
A still further object is to provide the above mentioned hydrophones with a selectively variable vertical width beam capability, whereby each unitary receiver portion can be conditioned during installation to have a receiving beam vertical dimension that is most effective for the depth of water where the receiver is being installed.
A further object is the provision of a sonar system of the foregoing character wherein the unitary receiver portion comprises a plurality of parallel receiver channels served by a like plurality of hydrophones, each having a predetermined receiving beam pattern and being mounted on a housing so as to effect a combined receiving pattern covering a predetermined zone of surveillance, and the housing providing watertight protection for the receiver channel electronics, whereby the system is responsive to intrusion into one or more of the individual beam patterns, and a plurality of such unitary receiver portions are adapted to be deployed in an array to establish perimeter warning line.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages will be readily appreciated as the subject invention becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration, in block form, of an intrusion detection bistatic sonar system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a unitary receiver portion of the sonar system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale and with some parts pulled away, of a hydrophone forming part of the receiver portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating in greater detail the signal processing circuit forming part of the system of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating in greater detail the detection logic portion of the system of FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a bistatic sonar system embodying the invention is indicated generally at 10 and comprises acoustic transmitter means 12 for insonifying a water zone to be kept under surveillance with a continuous wave (CW) carrier frequency fc determined by a stable local oscillator 14 forming part of a shore station. The shore station oscillator serves as a reference frequency signal source and is coupled by cable 16 to the transmitter means 12 which comprises a transmit frequency lock 18, conveniently in the form of phase lock loop means. The latter serves to reconstitute the reference frequency signals that may undergo considerable attenuation when the cable 16 is of great length, and to drive, via line 20 a power amplifier 22 at frequency fc. The output of the power amplifier is fed, as indicated by line 24 to a wide angle acoustic projector 26 for insonifying the water zone of concern. In the instant example, the frequency fc is 195 kHz.
A barrier line comprising one or more receiver units may be established about the water zone of concern. Each receiver unit 28 comprises a plurality of hydrophones 30, 30', and 30", characterized by a receiving beam pattern of about 40� width between -3 db points and serving a corresponding individual receiver channel 32, 32', 32". In the presently preferred embodiment there are three such hydrophones and channels. Referring to FIG. 2, the receiver unit 28 comprises a watertight, cylindrical housing 34 for the electronics of the three receiver channels 32, 32', 32" and has the hydrophones 30, 30', 30" recessed in the exterior side wall thereof and spaced at predetermined angular intervals, here, 45�. Referring to FIG. 3, each hydrophone comprises two sets of piezelectric elements, one set 36, 38 is short in height, say 1.0 inch, relative to the other set 40, 42 which are 1.57 inch in height. The elements are separated from one another and from the receiver housing by spacers 44 of a material such as that sold under the name "CORPRENE". The sets of elements are adapted to be selectively connected so that one, the other, or both sets to form receiving beams that are of a vertical height more or less commensurate with the depth of water in the zone to be under surveillance.
Reverting to FIG. 1, the hydrophones 30, 30', 30" receive acoustic energy in a frequency band centered at the carrier frequency and including frequencies near the carrier frequency. Each channel 32, 32', 32" comprises a tuned preamplifier 48 for amplifying the signals received by the hydrophone and which may vary in level over a 90 dB dynamic range. The preamplifier 48 includes an automatic gain control to reduce the overall dynamic range of preamplifier output signals which must be processed within the receiver electronics. The AGC sets the preamplifier gain with reference to the received background so as to preserve a usable 40 dB dynamic range.
The automatic gain control voltage is also applied, as shown by line 50, to a status monitoring circuit 52 for a purpose which will presently be made apparent.
The output of the preamplifier 48 is applied, as shown by line 54, to an up/down doppler resolver 56, and by line 58 to a signal interface means 60. A frequency lock and phase shift means 62 receives the reference frequency output of the shore station local oscillator 14 as shown by lines 16, 64, and 66. Therein, a phase lock loop reproduces the reference frequency fc, and a quadrature phase shifted version thereof is produced. The direct and quadrature versions of fc are applied as shown by lines 68 and 70 to the resolver 56. The preamplifier output is mixed with the direct and quadrature versions of the reference frequency in the resolver to produce up Doppler and down Doppler signals, represented by lines 72, 74, respectively, for application to a signal processing circuit 76.
The signal processing circuit 76, later described in detail with reference to FIG. 4, processes the up Doppler and down Doppler inputs to derive periodically updated values representative of return energy, spectral slope, and stroke content. These values, in binary digital form, are applied as shown by line 78 to a detection logic means 80 for interpretation and generation of a predetermined output, line 82, to occur when certain parameters of energy, spectral slope and stroke content are met for returns received by the hydrophone 30 for that one of three receiver channels.
The outputs 82, of the channel 32 being described, and 82' and 82" of channels 32', 32", are fed, along with alarm verification audio signals, lines 58, 58', 58" to the signal interface means 60. The signal interface means correlates the received signals for transmission by cable, represented by line 86 to alarm and verification means 88 of the shore station. A tamper alarm circuit 90, including for example, tilt and leak detectors, is connected via line 92 to the signal processing circuit.
Turning to FIG. 4, the signal processing circuit 76 of the typical channel 32 comprises a first bank 98 of five, parallel, frequency band-pass filters and detector units to which the up Doppler input 72 from resolver 56 is applied. The filter and detector units 1-5 of bank 98 are each about 20 Hz wide and are tuned to center on frequencies of 90 Hz, 150 Hz, 210 Hz, 270 Hz, and 330 Hz, respectively. The outputs of the bank 98 are applied to a bank 100 of short term averages 101-105 which have time constants of 200 ms for averagers 101 and 102, and 100 ms for averagers 103-105. These constants are selected to preserve the motion characteristics of underwater intruders. The outputs of the five short term averagers 101-105 are applied to bank 106 of five long term averagers 107-111, each having a time constant of about 50 seconds, and also to a first multiplexer 112. The first four of the short term averagers 101-104 have their outputs fed also to a spectrum slope computer 114.
Similarly, the signal processing circuit 76 comprises a second bank 118 of five, parallel, frequency band-pass filter and detector units to which the down Doppler input 74 from resolver 56 is applied. The filter and detector units 1-5 of the bank 118 are identical to the corresponding filter and detector units of bank 98, and the outputs thereof are applied to a bank 120 of five short term averagers 121-125 which are identical to averagers 101-105 of bank 100. The outputs of the latter are applied to a bank 126 of five long term averagers 127-131, and also to a second multiplexer 132. The outputs of the first four short term averagers 121-124 are fed also to a spectrum slope computer 134.
The inputs to the spectrum slope computers 114 and 134 are weighted and summed to provide short term weighted sum outputs to long term averagers 138 and 140, respectively, as well as to the multiplexer 112 as shown by lines 142, 144. The long term averagers 138, 140 have a time constant of 500 ms, and the outputs thereof are applied to the multiplexer 132 along with the outputs of the other long term averagers, as shown by lines 146, 148.
The outputs of the long term averagers are proportional to the corresponding filter outputs or spectrum slope computer output standard deviations and provide threshold references which track slowly varying background noise levels. The outputs of all of the short term averagers 101-105 and 121-125 for all five filters of each bank 98 and 118, and the outputs of the spectrum slope computers 114, 134 are sampled and entered into the multiplexer 112 at a rate of about 30 Hz, under the control of a system reference timing signal source 150. Similarly, the outputs of the long term averagers 107-111, 127-131, 138, and 140 for the down Doppler sideband are sampled and entered into the multiplexer 132 under control of the system reference timing signal source 150. The multiplexers 112, 132 are strobed to provide simultaneous outputs of corresponding short and long term averaged samples as shown by lines 152, 154. A threshhold gain circuit 156, also under the control of the system reference timing source 150, applies a weighting factor to each short term averaged sample on line 152 to provide weighted short term averaged samples via line 158 as one input to a comparator 160. The corresponding long term averaged samples, line 154, serve as the reference input to the comparator 160 and, as mentioned earlier, are representative of slowly changing background noise conditions. With each strobed output of the multiplexers 112, 132, the comparator 160 provides an output, as shown by line 164, that constitutes a logical "1" if the weighted short term average sample exceeds the corresponding long term average sample. Otherwise, a logical "0" is present. The logic level at the output 164 of comparator 160 is entered into a recirculating memory 166 and accumulated therein to form a portion of a 64 bit word that represents the state of the energy, spectrum slope, and stroke conditions for both Doppler sidebands of all three receiver channels at a particular sampling time.
Sixteen bits of the 64 bit word are used for each of the three receiver channels corresponding to the three hydrophones 30, 30', 30", or a total of 48 bits. The remaining 16 bits are available for auxiliary circuits such as the monitoring circuits, tamper circuits, and the like. Inputs from the monitoring circuit via line 52a and from the tamper circuit via line 92 are sampled under the control of the timing reference signal source and entered as part of the 64 bit recirculating word. The 64 bit word is changed whenever the comparator output logic level for a unique address within the word exceeds the logic level at that address in the memory 166. At the end of one second, the then existing 64 bit word it output to the detection logic circuit 80, as indicated by arrow 78, and the logic levels at all addresses of the 64 bit word are reset to zero. The process is then repeated for the next one second period.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the receiver detection logic 80 comprises a first shift register memory 180 comprising a set of five, parallel, 5 state shift registers, each adapted to receive as input the 64 bit word logic bits that correspond to an energy condition of one of the five up Doppler filter frequencies. Since each of these shift registers has five stages, through which the logic bits are clocked at one stage per second, each up Doppler energy logic bit is retained in the memory 180 for 5 seconds. When a new logic bit is entered, the oldest bit is discarded.
A second five second shift register memory 182 comprises five, parallel, five stage shift registers for receiving logic bits of the 64 bit word that correspond to the energy conditions of the five down Doppler filter frequencies.
A first three second shift register memory 184 comprises two, parallel, three stage shift registers adapted to receive the 64 bit word logic bits representing the up Doppler slope and the down Doppler slope outputs of the spectrum slope computers 114 and 134. Second and third three second shift register memories 186 and 188 each comprise two, parallel, three stage shift registers adapted to receive the 64 bit word logic bits corresponding to the up Doppler filter frequencies and the two down Doppler filter frequencies used for swimmer stroke detection.
The logic circuit 78 comprises comparator means for analyzing the content of each of the shift registers of the foregoing shift register memories 180, 182, 184, and 188 after each 1 second update period. Thus, sets 190 and 192 of five 3 of 5 comparators serve to interrogate and analyze the contents of the shift registers of energy memories 180, 182. Sets 194, 196, and 198 of two 1 to 3 comparators serve to interrogate and analyze the contents of the slope memory 184, and the stroke memories 186, 188.
For the energy processing, reference levels of the comparator sets 190 and 192 are selected so that a logic level "1" at any 3 of the 5 memory positions of a shift register will result in a logic "1" output of the corresponding comparator. The outputs of all five comparators of the up Doppler sideband comparator set 190 are strobed once per second and input to an any 3 of 5 comparator 200. Likewise the outputs of all five comparators of the down Doppler sideband comparator set 192 are strobed once per second and input to an any 3 of 5 comparator 202. The reference levels of the final comparators 200, 202 are set so that a logic level "1" at any three of the preceding comparator outputs will result in a logic level 37 1" at the corresponding input of an AND gate 204. If the outputs of both of the final comparators 200 and 202 for the up and down Doppler sidebands are logic "1" simultaneously for any given second, a logic "138 is present at the output of AND gate 204 and applied to one input of each of the top two second stage AND gates 206 and 208. No alarm signal will result, however, unless another logic "1" is present as the other input to one or the other of the gates 206, 208.
For the spectrum slope processing, one of two 3 stage shift registers of the three second memory 184 is used for Doppler sideband. These registers are updated once per second and the oldest information dropped at each update. The two comparators of set 194 have their reference levels set so that a logic "1" at any 1 of the three stages of either shift register will result in a logic "1" on one of the two inputs to an AND gate 210. If both of the inputs to the AND gate 210 are a logic "1", that gate will provide a logic "1" output as a second input to AND gate 206 and as a first input to an AND gate 212. If that input to AND gate 206 coincides with a logic "1" to the other input thereof, AND gate 206 will produce a logic "1" output to an OR gate 214 calling for an alarm.
For the stroke processing, the two parallel 3 stage shift registers of the 3 second memory 186 are used for the two filter frequencies of the up Doppler sideband, while the two parallel 3 stage shift registers of the 3 second memory 188 are used for the two filter frequencies of the down Doppler sideband. Again, the four shift registers are updated once each second by an appropriate bit of the 64 bit word from the accumulator 166, with the oldest data bits being discarded. The two comparators of each set 196 and 198 are set so that logic "1" at any of the three memory positions of the corresponding shift register will result in a logic "1" at the associated comparator output. The four outputs of the comparator sets 196 and 198 are fed to an any 3 of 4 comparator 216, the reference levels of which are set to result in a logic "1" output whenever three of the four inputs are logic "1". The output of the comparator 216 is applied as another input to each of the AND gates 208 and 212. Upon coincidence of a logical "1" output of comparator 216 and of AND gate 204 from the energy processing, AND gate 208 will provide a logic "1" output to OR gate 214 calling for an alarm. Also, upon coincidence of a logical "1" output of comparator 216 and of AND gate 210 from spectral slope processing, AND gate 212 will provide a logic "1" output to OR gate 214 calling for an alarm. A logical "1" thus applied to any of the three inputs of OR gate 214 will result in that gate providing a logical "1" output, line 82 to the signal interface means 60. Accordingly, it will be seen that, at the level of AND gates 206, 208, and 212, any two of the three processing categories of energy, spectral slope, and stroke can initiate an alarm for one of the three receiver channels 32, 32', 32".
The outputs 82, 82', and 82" of the three channels 32, 32', 32" are applied to an OR gate 220 forming part of the signal interface means 60 which provides an appropriate signal output 222 forming part of the line 86 to the shore station to alarm and verification means at the shore station.
Lines 224, 226 represent data bits of the 64 bit word pertaining to the status monitoring circuits 52. The status monitoring circuits allow the detection and indication of conditions which result in degraded acoustic receiver performance. The preamplifier AGC voltage level is monitored and compared against both high and low reference limits. If a high energy level, broad-band source is brought near enough to the receiver to degrade receiver performance, the AGC voltage will exceed the high level limit and an alarm signal is ititiated. If the projector or receiver is masked such that reverberation background is significantly reduced, the AGC voltage will fall below the lower voltage limit and an alarm signal is initiated. If the reference frequency is lost or becomes unstable to the point that frequency lock is lost, an alarm signal is also initiated.
The tamper alarm circuits 90 are included to detect attempts to remove or reorient the receivers or attempts to defeat receiver operation by flooding the receiver electronics housing. Thus, a tilt and vibration sensor is included, as is a leak detector responsive to flooding or accumulation of moisture, for initiating an alarm via lines 228, 230, whenever those conditions are sensed.
Verification is accomplished, if desired, by trained personnel listening to audio signals brought via lines 58 to the signal interface means, and thence as part of line 86 to the shore station.
Obviously, other embodiments and modifications of the subject invention will readily come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and the drawing. It is, therefore, to be understood that this invention is not to be limited thereto and that said modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
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Hotel Première Classe Nantes Ouest - Saint Herblain, St Herblain
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Hotel Première Classe Nantes Ouest - Saint Herblain, St Herblain's small print
Also known as
- Hotel PremiΦre Classe Nantes Ouest Saint
- Hotel PremiΦre Classe Nantes Ouest Saint Herblain
- PremiΦre Classe Nantes Ouest Saint
- PremiΦre Classe Nantes Ouest Saint Herblain
- Premiere Classe Nantes Ouest - Saint Herblain Nantes
- Premiere Classe Nantes Ouest - Saint Herblain
This property does not have elevators.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.60 per person, per night
Optional extras
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 4.90 for adults and EUR 2.45 for children (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 3 per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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I would hate to jinx it but Jaime Garcia has a PERFECT GAME tonight through six innings.
I would hate to jinx it but Jaime Garcia has a PERFECT GAME tonight through six innings.
Are the Brewers ever in a slump.. I think they just got swept in a four game series by Atlanta, the first time ATL has ever done that to MIL.
Must have got an injection before the game
Betancourt singled in the 8th to break up the perfect game and no hitter.
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3947 Lennane Dr Ste 110Sacramento, CA 95834
Licensed for 10 years
Go back to Wendy's profile.


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PAVE AmeriCorps is looking for Members for the 2015-16 School Year
Become a PAVE AmeriCorps Tutor! Teach what you love, share what you know, and open eyes, minds, and hearts as an AmeriCorps tutor! Be a positive adult role model, develop relationships, and form meaningful connections with students while helping them with reading, English, math, social studies, or science. Utilize different teaching strategies to reach struggling students and help them develop the skills and enthusiasm to be a lifelong learner. Positions are available in preschool through twelfth grade, and the alternative high school.
Become a PAVE AmeriCorps Wellness Coach! Exercise your passion as a wellness coach with PAVE AmeriCorps! Support physical activity and nutrition education programming for students in kindergarten through eighth grade. Engage students in lunchtime nutrition education, alternative recess games and activities, provide "brain breaks," support physical education classes, and participate in before- and after-school intramurals like walking club, running club, volleyball, basketball, and wrestling. This holistic approach to wellness is designed to teach through play, introduce and reinforce healthier lifestyle choices and make them fun.
PAVE AmeriCorps VISTA
Poverty is not defeated with wealth; it is overcome by hope. AmeriCorps VISTA Members are the embodiment of hope in a community. VISTAs immerse themselves in a non-profit, faith-based, or public agency organization with the specific purpose to fight poverty, strengthen communities, and empower people. VISTA is where you can turn your passion into action! The following VISTA positions are available for July 2015:
PAVE AmeriCorps VISTA – Project L.E.A.P Afterschool Program Coordinator: Do you believe in providing safe, educational spaces for children? As the Afterschool Program Coordinator you will develop afterschool programs and activities which engage the community and give under-resourced students access to educational, service learning, and developmental activities.
PAVE AmeriCorps VISTA – Eldon Wellness Coordinator: Are you passionate about wellness? As the Wellness Coordinator you will increase access to nutritious food options and physical activity opportunities for children and adults by coordinating with local organizations to improve the availability of and access to fresh produce, and develop additional or extended services to students for nutritional education and physical activity programming.
AmeriCorps and VISTA Benefits:
Living Allowance of approximately $975 (VISTA) and $1000 (AmeriCorps) per month
- Education Award of $5,730 after successful completion of term; VISTA has a cash stipend option
- Loan Forbearance for qualified, federal student loans in good standing
- Interest repayment for loans in forbearance through AmeriCorps
- Health Care Coverage
- Child Care Benefit (if eligible)
- All members receive comprehensive training. Other training opportunities and service projects are available throughout the year to help members function effectively as a team, connect to the community, and develop in both personal and professional.
At least 18 years old; no upper age limit
- High school diploma or GED; some college coursework is preferred
- Successfully pass Fingerprint Background Check (provided at program expense)
- Applicants must be able to provide a full-time, one year commitment.
How to Apply:
Apply online at https://my.americorps.gov
If you have not applied to AmeriCorps before, first create a profile and then an application. Search for available listing and apply. For comprehensive instructions on the application process, visit http://paveamericorps.weebly.com/recruitment.html .
Call the PAVE AmeriCorps office at 573-392-8060 X1541 if you have questions.


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$8 Large picture mat board - NewArtwork · Miami, FLNew - white mat - still wrapped in plastic Can be used as is with this picture (black & white), or as a board mat for your own picture U...Marissa L. · 2 days ago
$400 marmoset finger monkeys [phone removed]Artwork · New York, NYALL REPLIES MUST STATE: 1) THE SPECIFIC PET YOUR READY TO BUY; and 2) IF YOUR BUYING A PAIR, MALE OR FEMALE; and 3) YOU MUST ALSO MENTION...Evelyn P. · 4 days ago
$400 jfef Humble Pomeranian puppies for saleArts & Crafts · Fort Washington, MD… .text (971) 248 - 7 3 9 0 for more inquiries.male and female availablePhillip F. · 4 days ago
$360 DSQRGSUJQ Selling iPhone 5 16GB AND 32GBArtwork · Bullhead City, AZDSQRGSUJQ Selling iPhone 5 16GB AND 32GBAndy F. · 4 days ago
$500 PorcelainArts & Crafts Supplies · Nitro, WVLarge lot of PORCELAIN for sale, a lot of different colors for dollmaking, etc.... Downsizing need to sell ASAP... Need to be picked up,...Edna M. · 1 week ago
$2,000 Doll MoldsArts & Crafts Supplies · Nitro, WVLasrge lot of DOLL MOLDS well over 100, by Doll Artworks, Seeleys, Vickiis, Thelma Resch, Expressions, Jubilee, etc... Downsizing need...Edna M. · 1 week ago
$130 Brand new Quilting books (13Books)Arts & Crafts Supplies · Buckley, WAthese books are brand new there collecting dust on my shelf you have any questions please contact me :-) :-) message me if you have any q...Rachael C. · 1 week ago
$20.99 Ceramiic Mug and Tile CoasterArtwork · Providence, RIStargazer Lily Ceramic Mug and matching tile coasterGail Cavanaugh's Business Solutions · 1 week ago
$13.99 Tiger Lily Ceramic Mug - Discount on Bulk OrdersArtwork · Portsmouth, RIHand painted Ceramic Mug, dishwasher safe. Place your order at http://www.cafepress.com/cavcreate.432634674 : Discount on bulk orders.Gail Cavanaugh's Business Solutions · 1 week ago
$10 Framed PrintArts & Crafts · Winfield, IL31"H x 26.5"WCourtney B. · 1 week ago
$15 Photos For SaleArtwork · Ithaca College, NYThese are photos I took myself, and touched up with some editing software. If you like any of these photos you can text me with this numb...Facebook User · 1 week ago
Free Free Crochet PatternsArts & Crafts Supplies · Batesville, ARRequest a FREE Crochet pattern each week from a published crochet designer. Call 870-376-6989. Visit my web site http://www.designsbywan...Wanda M. · 1 week ago
Mini Grid PanelsArts & Crafts Supplies · Ruston, LARed and Black Mini Grid Panels 14"x14". Excellent for store, storage and making Square Cubes. There are 375 Black Panels and 80 Red Panels.Rixie T. · 1 week ago
$30 Tree of Life DreamcatchersArtwork · Asheville, NChandmade dreamcatchers, beautiful designs, various appx sizes 2" to 10" find us on facebook Dreamcatchers by. jahn morrisonHeather M. · 1 week ago
$400 Horse in Oil PastelArts & Crafts · Saint Louis, MOThis is an original drawing with oil pastel. Would like to sell it. Open to offers. The dimensions are 25.5 x 20. Contact for more inform...Mel P. ·1 listing · 1 week ago
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Company Overview of Wesco Insurance Company
Company Overview
Wesco Insurance Company offers property and casualty insurance and provides credit protection products to HSBC customers. Wesco Insurance Company is based in Bridgewater, New Jersey. Wesco Insurance Company operates as a subsidiary of HSBC Insurance Agency (USA) Inc. As per the transaction announced on March 24, 2006, Wesco Insurance Company is a subsidiary of Amtrust Financial Group, Inc.
200 Somerset Corporate Boulevard
Suite 100
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
United States
Key Executives for Wesco Insurance Company
Wesco Insurance Company does not have any Key Executives recorded.
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Birkdale Community House and Early Learning Centre, Auckland
Birkdale Community House and Early Learning Centre
- Street:
- 134 Birkdale Road
- Postcode/City:
- 0626 Auckland - Birkdale
- Telefon:
- 09-483 914909-483 9149
- Fax:
- 09-483 9149
- Website:
- www.birkdalebeachhaven.org.nz
- E-mail:
- Send message
Updated more than 6 months ago | Claim This Business| Report Incorrect Data
The Project has been operating since 1975. We have two Community Houses and two Community Early Learning Centres, one on Birkdale Road and the other on Beach Haven Road. At Birkdale we also operate an After School Programme and in the school holidays we run Holiday Care Programmes at both Birkdale and Beach Haven. We operate from buildings owned by the North Shore City Council.
Be the first to write a review for Birkdale Community House and Early Learning Centre!
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Autopsy reports shows Edmond girl intoxicated during fatal fall
A police report prepared for the media and released by the university shows only that officers responded to a report of an unconscious female at 2:21 a.m. June 3.
Cooke was a 2008 graduate of Edmond North High School, where she was a valedictorian.
Cooke earned a bachelor's degree in zoology and was pursuing a second bachelor's degree in Spanish while studying for the Medical College Entrance Exam. She planned to attend medical school at the OU Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City.
Cooke attended OU in the spring semester and was enrolled for the upcoming fall semester, but wasn't enrolled in summer courses, OU spokeswoman Catherine Bishop said.


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Browsing Category
Markus Schulz
Thoughts Become Things II (The Remixes)
'Thoughts Become Things II – The Remixes' takes Schulz's accomplished original tracks and travels them to new places, far and wide
Global DJ Broadcast (December 15, 2011)
This weeks GDJB, Markus Schulz is joined on the broadcast with a special guest mix from Beat Service.
100 Minutes Of 2011
100 Minutes of 2011: Markus Schulz is 100 minutes of essentials, mixed and handpicked by Schulz himself!
Global DJ Broadcast (December 08, 2011)
This weeks GDJB is a 2 hour studio mix with Markus Schulz featuring new remixes of tracks from his Thoughts Become Things II album and
GDJB: World Tour – Best of 2011 Voting
It's that time of the year again where you vote on your favorite Global DJ Broadcast: World Tour throughout the year. Click the link and
Los Angeles '12 Compilation Announced
As part of a special video-cast, Markus Schulz – one of the 10 biggest DJs in the world – today announced that it would be


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I have been an avid nature lover all my life.Very much into nature photography for about 20yrs.I live and work in the adirondacks of New York State during the week and spend weekends in the 1000 Islands on the St. Lawrence River.These are both beautiful areas for nature photography.Thank you for taking the time to view some of my pictures and I will do the same for you. Thank you wunderground.com for this website. I appreciate the feedback from visitors and members.
WunderPhotos Upload
New Brood
Uploaded by: sprucebruce
Monday July 15, 2013
Morristown, NY (Current Weather Conditions)
Caption: New Brood of Mallard Ducklings. They were so small they were not long out of the eggs.It was so hot this afternoon when I shot this image, I was inside hugging my air conditioner.When I spotted these little Mallards I had to step out on my deck and get a picture.
Manufacturer: Canon
Model: Canon EOS REBEL T4i
Orientation: top - left
x-Resolution: 72.00
y-Resolution: 72.00
Resolution Unit: Inch
Software: Adobe Photoshop Elements 10.0 Windows
Artist: Bruce Dana Photography
YCbCr Positioning: co-sited
Compression: JPEG compression
Exposure Time: 1/500 sec.
FNumber: f/7.1
Exposure Program: Normal program
ISO Speed Ratings: 400
Exif Version: Unknown Exif Version
Components Configuration: Y Cb Cr -
Shutter speed: 9.00 EV (APEX: 22, 1/512 sec.)
Aperture: 5.62 EV (f/7.0)
Exposure Bias: 0.00 EV
Metering Mode: Spot
Flash: Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode.
Focal Length: 400.0 mm
User Comment:
SubsecTime: 92
SubSecTimeOriginal: 92
SubSecTimeDigitized: 92
FlashPixVersion: FlashPix Version 1.0
Color Space: sRGB
PixelXDimension: 4048
PixelYDimension: 3030
Focal Plane x-Resolution: 5798.66
Focal Plane y-Resolution: 5788.94
Focal Plane Resolution Unit: Inch
Custom Rendered: Normal process
Exposure Mode: Auto exposure
White Balance: Manual white balance
Scene Capture Type: Standard
GPS tag version: 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00
InteroperabilityIndex: R98
InteroperabilityVersion: 0100
July 15, 2013 Photo Series
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Well, me and my youngest are off to explore a gold mine today. Will let you know if we strike the motherlode.
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Joseph Dickerson
Joseph Dickerson is a user experience professional and UX Lead for Microsoft based out of Atlanta, GA. He has implemented processes in user testing, design and ethnographic research and provided design and consulting services for many different projects and organizations.
Latest posts by Joseph Dickerson (see all)
- Cause: Legal fireworks in Atlanta. Effect: Constan… - July 4, 2015
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"I just feel like everyone should try it. I feel like I'll use the invati™ products for the rest of my life."
invati™ community
Hear what people are saying and share your thoughts.
Listen to and watch Aveda customers share their invati stories.
"Some girlfriends that I hadn't seen for quite awhile...they all said, whatever you're doing, we're buying it."
"I remember the first time I used it, it made a huge difference... just keep using it, definitely."
"It actually far exceeded my original expectation. I'm excited with the results. I definitely smile a lot more."
Product Reviews
I LOVE the way the shampoo & conditioner smell! I used all 3 products together for almost a month before my scalp started to burn from the Scalp Revitalizer spray. I began to get red, rashy marks on my scalp and hairline where I sprayed and rubbed the revitalizer. I stopped using the entire system for about a month before I went back to using the shampoo & conditioner only. I didn't have any more problems with my scalp and continue to use the shampoo & conditioner 2x a week. I wouldn't recommend the revitalizer of you have sensitive skin as it may burn and cause a rash. My hair feels thicker and grows a little quicker now after using this product for several months.
My husband and I have been using Invati for a little over a year. It definitely adds fullness. It works and we love it.
This used with the shampoo has definitely helped my thinning hair. It is like using a vitamin rinse-so healthy. Aveda products are the best!
Works well, expecting to continue using this line of products!
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Children learn a lot in school. Maybe more than we intend to teach them. CNN recently reported: "One Chicago public school is telling students they can either eat cafeteria food or 'go hungry.'" No homemade lunches will be allowed without a medical excuse.
The goal is to make certain children eat well. But that needs to be a parent's job, not a school bureaucrat's job. This school is teaching kids that they aren't capable -- and that their parents aren't capable -- of making sensible decisions about something as fundamental as what they eat.
Of course, there are plenty of other examples of government meddling in our lives. Consider anti-smoking laws that prevent people from sampling the wares in cigar stores.
Trans fat laws that limit the foods chefs may prepare.
And food labeling laws, which don't even seem to work. "According to Jennifer Andrews, director of marketing for Red Robin International in Colorado, the introduction of labels in Montgomery County and elsewhere has had 'almost no impact to the menu mix that we're aware of,'" the Washington Post reports. Customers order the bacon cheeseburger even though they're told it has 1,000 calories.
Then there are building regulations, which influence where and how we live.
Manhattan is an expensive place to live. You don't have to be a Harvard professor to understand that local government policies are driving those costs up. Still, it's nice to see one who's eager to explain how the law of supply and demand works.
"New York slowed its construction of skyscrapers after 1933, and its regulations became ever more complex," writes Edward Glaeser in The Atlantic. "The resulting 420-page code replaced a simple classification of space—business, residential, unrestricted—with a dizzying number of different districts, each of which permitted only a narrow range of activities. There were 13 types of residential district, 12 types of manufacturing district, and no fewer than 41 types of commercial district."
Rich Tucker is a communications professional and a columnist for Townhall.com.
Sulu doubles down: All I meant to say is that Clarence Thomas is a fake black man who abandoned his heritage | Allahpundit
Happy Independence Day: State of Oregon fines Christian bakers $135,000 over a wedding cake | Ed Morrissey


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Bah001 - Vacation Rental in TrancosoBahia, Trancoso
This beautiful 6 bedroom, 7 bathroom Brazilian villa is the epitomy of tropical Bahian life.
- 14
- People
- 6
- Bedrooms
- 6
- Bathrooms
Price/Night from: US$ 2,200
Brazil is the biggest, most colorful and versatile country in South-America. Famous for its endless beaches, beautiful nature areas – the Amazon, its music – samba, and world famous party – carnival. There is never a dull moment when visiting Brazil, because of its many activities. Visit Rio de Janeiro for its hip neighborhoods and best beaches. Fly to São Paolo to enjoy the fantastic nightlife and great shopping, and so there are more breathtaking cities in Brazil you can visit.
This beautiful 6 bedroom, 7 bathroom Brazilian villa is the epitomy of tropical Bahian life.
Price/Night from: US$ 2,200
Luxurious beachfront Villa with 2 private and expansive master suites, 10 regular suites and 5 service dormitories it's the perfect location for large family gatherings and corporate retreats. The environmentally conscious design is masterfully set out to make the most of the sunlight and ocean breeze.
Elegant and sophisticated penthouse rental with breathtaking ocean views, directly on Copacabana Beach. This penthouse has recently been completely renovated from top to bottom, turning it into Rio's most anticipated and ultimate penthouse experience.
An astonishingly beautiful 130.000 m2 island off the legendary Costa Verde, this property provides the ultimate luxury experience of living in your own tropical paradise. 3 houses hold space for up to 8 guests to enjoy the blissful mix of a private 300ft beach, unparalleled natural scenery and fantastic accommodations.
Zen Sanctuary Design Beach Home is a stunning 5 bedoom villa in Ilhabela. Designed by Marcio Kogan it boasts natural hard wood floors and views of Praia da Feiticeira.
4 bedroom luxury vacation rental located in the residential neighborhood of Caborê, on the river and close to the historic centre of Paraty.
Price/Night from: US$ 1,150
A stunning property in a secluded tropical setting, perfect for a large group. There are 6 bedrooms, 7 bathrooms - with occupancy for up to 12 people - in this luxury Brazilian getaway.
Price/Night from: US$ 2,500
This prime vacation rental in Buzios is only a short drive from 5 of the most popular beaches in Buzios. Ideal for a New Years getaway.
A breathtaking penthouse on the 29th and 30th floors of the noble Rio Design building in central Leblon, with unbelievable views over Leblon, Ipanema, the beaches and Lagoa.
Price/Night from: US$ 1,000
A tropical vacation rental with stunning views of Praia de Ferradura and a waterfall swimming pool feature.
Please contact us and one of our experts will do everything to answer you request.


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41 Valentine's Day Crafts: Valentine's Day Cards, Gifts and More
Bonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy
Candy Heart Bracelet
By: Rita Hutchinson for Rings & Things
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Craft a beaded bracelet featuring lampwork hearts to wear or give this Valentine's Day. This wearable Valentine's Day craft from Rings & Things is easy to make and sure to impress.
- 2 #28-335-11-01 Assorted lampwork heart beads with criss-cross pattern, pink/white/red
- 3 #28-335-12-01 Assorted lampwork heart beads with dot pattern, pink/white/red
- 10 >> #05-328-06-138 * CRYSTALLIZED™ 6mm bicone crystals, rosaline
- 6 #05-328-06-175 * CRYSTALLIZED™ 6mm bicone crystals, rose water opal
- 10 #05-328-06-191 CRYSTALLIZED™ 6mm bicone crystals, cyclamen opal
- 6 #05-328-06-02 * CRYSTALLIZED™ 6mm bicone crystals, crystal/aurora borealis
- 94 #49-955-05-3 5mm TierraCast® nugget heishi beads, silver plate
- 32 #37-421-3 7/8" standard head pins, silver plate
- 16" #40-099-46-3 5.1mm round double-link cable chain, silver plate (cut into two 7" pieces, and one 2" piece)
- 15" #46-709-14 18-gauge ColourCraft® wire, silver (cut five 3" pieces)
- 4 #37-145-3 6mm round jump rings, silver plate
- 1 #30-230-3 23x9mm small swivel clip, silver plate
* NOTE: Beginning in 2009, Swarovski is replacing their 5301 faceted bicone crystal style with their new 5328 faceted XILION bicone bead. Either style of bicone works well for this design.
- cutters
- flat-nose pliers
- round-nose pliers
- Create 32 crystal dangles using the 7/8" head pins.
- For the heart connectors, make a large loop at one end of each piece of wire and add 3 random crystal dangles to each loop.
- Thread one wire through the center link of one piece of chain. Add a lampwork heart framed by spacer beads.
- Thread through the center link on the other piece of chain, make a large loop and add 3 more crystal dangles.
- Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the remaining wire pieces and beads, working out from the center.
- Running the wire through even numbered links of the chain will help prevent twisting.
- Keep both pieces of chain parallel as you add wire. To make this easier, pin the chain ends onto a piece of foam core or scrap piece of wood.
- To maintain the continuity of the chain design, use double jump rings to attach the clasp and extender chain
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The School of Russian American Ballet at Kingsborough will be closed for the 4th of July weekend from Thursday, July 2nd till Sunday, July 5th, 2015. We will resume our classes on Monday, July 6th, 2015. Happy Independence Day!
This organization has received funding from the 2009 JPMorgan Chase Regrant Program,
administered by the Brooklyn Arts Council, Inc. (BAC).
Copyright © 2003-2015 Brighton Ballet Theater Co., Inc.
Brighton Ballet Theater :: The School of Russian American Ballet at
Kingsborough :: Mobile Website


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I always have the steak burrito and I always ask them to grill two fresh jalapeno peppers for me. Portions of rice and beans are not so big, but the burrito makes up for it. Goes well with a Corona and Lime:-)
If you own or manage Rubio's, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Change Location
ACE Fit Share
We have a wide selection of upper body workout routines and strength training exercises designed for all fitness levels. Target all areas of your body from your shoulders and upper arms to your thighs and lower abs with these full-body exercises. The American Council on Exercise is committed to helping all workout enthusiasts reach their fitness goals safely and efficiently. For full-body workouts featuring these exercises, visit our Workouts section.
Fit Life Articles
Are you starting to suspect you've reached a plateau in your efforts to improve your health and fitness? ACE Certified pro Jonathan Ross explains how to identify a plateau—and how to stop viewing plateaus as a negative and start using them as an opportunity to appreciate...
Think you need a lot of time and fancy equipment to get a full-body workout? Not true. With just nine exercises, this mini-circuit, full-body workout is super efficient, requiring only a barbell and a bit of space.
If you're trying to eat healthier or lose a few pounds, lunch can prove to be a stumbling block, with limited time and workplace temptations making it easy to ditch your healthy habits. Check out these common lunch-hour mishaps and their fixes that can help you stay on...
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Join Koreaboo on KakaoTalk Plus Friends and get EXCLUSIVE updates!
Koreaboo joins KakaoTalk's Plus Friends account as the first and only international K-Pop website, sharing updates on all the trendy and viral news from Korea!
Koreaboo joins KakaoTalk's Plus Friends account as the first and only international K-Pop website, sharing updates on all the trendy and viral news from Korea!
KARA's Goo Hara revealed her close friendship with SECRET member Sunhwa and T-ARA member Hyomin in a recent SNS update.
After releasing multiple image teasers, Girl's Day released the music video teaser for their comeback track "Ring My Bell" on July 3rd.
Jewelry last generation members recently came together to show their support of one another, sharing their group photos on SNS.
The eight members of 9MUSES gathered together on the latest episode of 1theK's #hashtag on July 3rd where they revealed which member got emotionally hurt by another, and more.
Amidst the busy comeback schedule of BIGBANG, YG Entertainment has made an investment to help the company operate and grow.
Ahead of dropping her solo debut album, one of Goo Hara's tracks have already been deemed unfit for being too sexual and has been banned from airing on KBS.
After making their comeback, TEEN TOP reveals the dance practice video for "ah-ah."
The drama made to satisfy food cravings, Late Night Restaurant trended worldwide on SNS.
A Cube Entertainment has released yet another wave of teaser images for Apink with a new group photo as well as one for each member!
The second track from INFINITE's upcoming Reality album has been introduced!
Soon after holding his wedding ceremony and celebrating with close friends on June 26th, Joon Park and his new wife immediately went on their honeymoon the next day of which he has shared photos of recently.
After three years since their hit eight album Unplugged in 2012, Leessang is finally making a comeback!


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How to upload all your pics to google
Google just released google photos. (They gave up on attaching it to Google+.) So, you wanna back up all your pics from your PC to google for safe keeping? Go to photos.google.com where you hopefully have an account. On the left side, click the "…" symbol. Select App downloads and get the Desktop Uploader to get their program to back up all your pics from your hard drive to Google. I feel safer with my pics there, rather than a backup at our house.


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India VIX, the volatility index, rose 4.8% to 16.30 on Friday, suggesting some uneasiness among market participants ahead of the Sunday vote.
Prock-Schauer believes it is important to be cautious while scaling up, as he has seen the perils of mindless expansion from close quarters.
According to the Central Water Commission, the demand for water will climb from 634 billion cubic metres (BCM) to 1,093 BCM in 2025.
India, as a developing nation, is seen as a key partner on climate change talks and is taking an increasingly visible leadership role on the issue.
The state is expected to dilute its decades-long prohibition rule, in its quest to make the enclave even with Dubai and Singapore centres.
Research confirms that the more people engaged in their hobbies, the more likely they were to come up with creative solutions to problems at work.
The weather office on Friday said rainfall in the past day was 58 per cent below normal, continuing the weak phase that began after June 25.
Thanks to the efforts of designers and some states, fabrics such as ikkats and Uppada silks are being revived, as are Banarasi and khadi varieties.
Sources in the Indian government neither ruled out nor confirmed the possibility of a Modi-Sharif meeting in the Russian city of Ufa.
Spanish brand Zara clocks sales of about Rs 9 crore a month from its store in Delhi's Select City Walk mall, where Gap opened its first store.
With pvt investment in infra via the public private partnership model still weak, public investment needs to step in, to catalyse investment.
Such an effort requires an ecosystem of support and an apparatus for implementation that has to be developed and matured over a period of time.
MUMBAI: Domestic auto-maker Mahindra has forayed into the motorcycle segment with two 110 cc models.
Mahindra Two wheelers Ltd, the two wheeler arm of Mahindra group, previewed two new motorcycles -- Centuro and Pantero -- at a function on Friday evening.
"Pantero should be out in the next couple of weeks and Centuro a few weeks thereafter," said Anoop Mathur, president, two wheeler sector and member of the group executive board, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.
Mathur, however, did not disclose the prices.
Designed completely in-house at the Mahindra R&D Centre in Pune and powered by the MCi-5 engine manufactured at the company's Pithampur facility in Madhya Pradesh, the motorcycle models possess intelligent and class-defining features targeted at distinct consumer segments, the company said.
The company has invested Rs 100 crore in the research and development of the products but "it is difficult to give total investment in product development as there is a lot of common platform sharing", Mathur said.
Stay updated on the go with Times of India News App. Click here to download it for your device.
Interest Networkitimes | Email


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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
The human cost of the Greek financial crisis
17 Jul 2009 19:25 GMT
Among thousands who attended the prayers was Mir Hossein Mousavi, the defeated pro-reform presidential candidate.
It was Mousavi's first public appearance since the June 12 vote, which he says was rigged. The authorities deny any fraud.
The disputed election triggered widespread protests across the country, resulting in at least 20 deaths in clashes between protesters and security forces and government-backed militia.
'Freedom' chants
Rafsanjani in his sermon broadcast live on radio urged people "not to contaminate the position and the sanctuary of Friday prayers by inappropriate] comments and slogans".
Video: Iran still 'in crisis' Programme: Mousavi and the masses Analysis: Iranian republic splintering? Programme: Iran: Influence or Threat? Q&A: Tweeting from Tehran
One caller to Persian radio station said the gate at Tehran University was closed, and people were being turned away.
People outside the university shouted "Death to the dictator" and tear gas was fired in response, witnesses said.
One eyewitness told Al Jazeera: "After continuous shouting by the protesters, the police fired teargas on them. Some were beaten."
"We are free, and based on our constitution, we are free to have peaceful demonstrations. It is not against the law. We are following and keeping to the law."
One witness told the Reuters news agency that at least 15 people had been detained during clashes outside the university.
Alireza Ronaghi, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Tehran, said: "Rafsanjani said we must preserve the Islamic nature of our government and without the people's votes and trust, the government cannot be Islamic.
"And that's the argument that Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi [another defeated presidential candidate] have been putting forth.
"He's trying to open a way for solving the standoff, and give a convincing option for those dissatisfied with the election outcome."
Influential cleric
Mousavi, Ahmadinejad's main challenger, has refused to accept the electoral outcome.
Immediate release of prisoners arrested in post-election period All doubts that surround election must be addressed Media censorship must end Government and security forces should work within the law All Iranians lost in this election Guardian Council did not act quickly enough to quell situation Election left a bad taste in everybody's mouth
Ahmadinejad also criticised Rafsanjani over his support for Mousavi.
Rafsanjani is one of Iran's wealthiest and most powerful men, and one of only four Tehran clerics allowed to address the nation during the weekly Friday prayers.
Rafsanjani heads two of the regime's most powerful bodies: the Expediency Council, which settles disputes over laws between the parliament and the Guardian Council, and the Assembly of Experts – which has the power to appoint, supervise and in theory dismiss the Supreme Leader.
The election strained ties between Iran and Western nations, already at odds over Tehran's nuclear programme.
Gholamhossein Mohseni-Ejei, Iran's intelligence minister, told the Fars news agency: "The vigilant Iranian nation must be aware that tomorrow's sermon should not turn into an arena for undesirable scenes."
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
Former Iranian president says country in "crisis", as opposition protests continue.
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A deep-seated cultural preference for boys is skewing India's sex ratio and making slaves of women.
Human Rights, Asia, India
Migrants complain of being sent to squalid shelters, as France unveils plan to reduce asylum processing times.
Europe, France, Migrants
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Human Rights, Asia, Myanmar
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After decades of tension and hostility between the two nations, has change finally come to US-Cuba relations?


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MetroKitchen will price match the TOTAL current price of any in-stock item from an authorized
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This Enclume Chrome Deep Bookshelf Rack with Grid keeps your cookware, cookbooks, and other necessities at your fingertips.Measures 36"L x 13"D x 17"H, weighs 25 pounds. Mounts on 32" centers. Comes with 12 angled hooks and all installation hardware


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News about Erythropoietin, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
U.S. Cyclists Fight to Spread Their Message: We're Clean
Andrew Talansky and Tejay van Garderen have made riding clean their rallying cry in an attempt to change the image of their battered sport.
June 26, 2015, Friday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Cycling, Road , International Cycling Union , Tour de France (Bicycle Race) , Armstrong, Lance , Doping (Sports)
Tour De France Winner Riis Knew His Team Was Doping, Probe Says
Former Tour de France winner Bjarne Riis failed to act after learning that riders on the professional cycling team he managed were using performance-enhancing drugs, a damning report from Danish sporting authorities said.
June 23, 2015, Tuesday
Where Racewalking Is King, the Antidoping Officials Are Busy
Viktor Chegin has attained national hero status in Russia, but now he and his training center are at the center of one of track's biggest scandals.
June 21, 2015, Sunday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Racewalking , Chegin, Viktor (1962- ) , Doping (Sports) , Olympic Games
Owner of Greek Champions Banned Over Corruption Probe
Vangelis Marinakis, owner of Greek champions Olympiakos Piraeus, has been banned from football as an investigation continues into allegations that a criminal organisation is controlling the domestic game.
June 18, 2015, Thursday
Alex Rodriguez Remains a Superstar Hard to Forget, and to Embrace
Rodriguez, whose statistics are increasingly rarefied, is having a productive season, but his use of performance-enhancing drugs may deprive him of some adulation.
June 15, 2015, Monday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Baseball , Rodriguez, Alex , Doping (Sports) , Cheating , Steroids , Dempsey, Rick , New York Yankees
Olympics-Ukraine's Beresnyeva Fails Doping Test From London 2012
Ukrainian swimmer Olga Beresnyeva has tested positive for the banned blood booster EPO after her sample from the London 2012 Olympics was retested by the International Olympic Committee, it said on Friday.
June 12, 2015, Friday
Mo Farah Withdraws in England
Mo Farah's absence because of doping allegations surrounding his coach overshadowed the action in the Diamond League in Birmingham, England.
June 8, 2015, Monday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Track and Field , Tarmoh, Jeneba , Doping (Sports) , Farah, Mo , Bracy, Marvin (1993- )
Report Accuses Track Coach Alberto Salazar of Promoting Doping by His Runners
The coach was accused by a former assistant and a former runner who trained under him of breaking doping rules, according to a report by ProPublica and the BBC.
June 4, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Track and Field , Salazar, Alberto , Doping (Sports) , Magness, Steve
Sesil Karatantcheva, a Onetime Rising Star, Is Rising Again at Age 25
Karatantcheva was 15 when she reached the quarterfinals of the 2005 French Open, but soon after hit a low when she was suspended two years for doping.
May 28, 2015, Thursday
MORE ON ERYTHROPOIETIN AND: Tennis , Doping (Sports) , French Open (Tennis) , Karatantcheva, Sesil (1989- )
High European Patent Fees Will Hit Start-Ups-EU Industry Chief
Excessively high patent fees could damage European business, the EU industry chief has warned, saying the focus should be on helping start-ups and small companies rather than raking in revenues to top up budgets.
May 24, 2015, Sunday
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Adopt school safety ideas, governor tells Assembly
Gov. Bob McDonnell is urging state legislators to approve recommendations from his School and Campus Safety Task Force that would increase sentences for illegally buying guns, require mandatory lockdown drills at schools and establish more comprehensive suicide prevention programs.
McDonnell sent the General Assembly a letter Friday outlining the panel's initial recommendations.
"I am pleased to report that the Taskforce has provided me with a number of initial recommendations that the members believe will help make our schools and campuses safer," McDonnell wrote. "After reviewing their initial recommendations, I agree that these will help make our schools and campuses more secure."
The letter highlighted 10 recommendations involving public safety (including restoring funding for school resource officers); two involving education (such as funding anti-bullying training); and three involving mental health (like expanding outpatient services).
"Given the limited time left in session and considering that budget development is already well underway, I am providing you with my thoughts regarding which recommendations should be given your highest consideration and most immediate attention," the governor said.
McDonnell established the task force in the wake of December's school shootings in Newtown, Conn., where a gunman killed 26 people, including 20 children.
The task force issued its initial recommendations Thursday.
Under current law, the illegal purchase or transport of firearms is a Class 1 misdemeanor punishable by up to 12 months in jail. The task force's proposal would make this violation a Class 6 felony punishable by up to five years in jail.
The recommendations would also increase the punishment for "straw-man purchases" of firearms. That's when someone legally buys a gun with the intent to sell it directly to someone who is ineligible to purchase a firearm. The law currently provides a maximum punishment of 10 years in jail for straw-man purchases.
The task force proposed increasing the punishment for all straw-man transactions and mandating a punishment of 10 years in jail for the ineligible person if the transaction involves more than one firearm.
For people who enter a school with a firearm or explosive device, the panel suggested that they be sentenced to up to 20 years in jail.
No proposals limit any current laws of legal gun ownership.
The task force also issued recommendations that require more security on the schools' part. For instance, all schools would be required to conduct a lockdown drill within the first 20 days of the fall and spring semester.
The task force also proposed that all schools institute a more in-depth mental health program and suicide prevention activities. Another proposal suggests that teachers undergo training and certification so they can recognize and treat mental or emotional distress among students or other faculty.
The General Assembly has less than a month to turn these recommendations into law. The legislative session is scheduled to end on Feb. 23.
The task force is expected to send the governor another set of recommendations by June 30.
In his letter to the General Assembly, McDonnell said, "I am confident that by working together we will make our schools and campuses safer and improve upon the legal and budgetary framework necessary to help our first responders, education and mental health profession protect all Virginians."
On the web
In his letter to members of the General Assembly, Gov. Bob McDonnell listed all the initial recommendations issued by the School and Campus Safety Task Force, and noted which ones he considered priorities. The letter is available at http://www.tinyurl.com/safetyproposals
'Proof of Heaven' coming to Glen Allen
Dr. Even Alexander, a New York Times best-selling author who has been featured on Oprah and Dr. Oz, was in town last week to promote his June 27 talk, "Proof of Heaven," at Glen Allen High School.
Alexander (pictured, at right, while Unity of Bon Air church member Harry Simmons interviews him) has written about what he considers to be his journey through the afterlife.
Tickets to this month's event are $25 and will support the new Bon Secours Hospice House being built later this year. > Read more.
Innsbrook Rotary celebrates 25 years
The Innsbrook Rotary Club, which is celebrating its 25th year in 2015, has completed a number of volunteer projects this year and raised thousands of dollars for various organizations through three events.
The club's annual rose sale, benefit for youth live auction and Virginia Fire Games competition, combined with individual and corporate donations, have raised nearly $70,000 – money that the club contributes back to the community.
FeedMore is the beneficiary of the club's 25th anniversary project, which provides refrigerated trailers to be used for the distribution of food throughout Central Virginia. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
For our Top 10 calendar events this weekend, click here! > Read more.
No one injured during fiery morning wreck on I-295
Va. Guard soldiers, airmen eligible for Va. Veterans ID card
Land Lovers, Clean Businesses honored
Henrico Schools holding job fair to recruit bus drivers
Fairfield MS band wins 5 awards
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Print Edition
Jul. 2, 2015Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
Voltaggio to host three-course dinners at Family Meal July 21-22
Fan favorite shines in new West End home
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
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Obituary – Ruby White
Obituary – Thomas Stewart Gammon
Obituaries – Frances Inthavong
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'Proof of Heaven' coming to Glen Allen
Innsbrook Rotary celebrates 25 years
Holman student named Miss Va. Coed Junior Teen
- More Community
My daughters' other dads
All hail to mothers and the hardest job of all
Cabin fever cures - and blessings
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Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
Athlete of the Week – June 19: Sydney Whitaker
Steward School's Enright drafted by NY Mets
- More Sports
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ClassifiedsWaterbed frame with six-drawer base for storage, bookcase headboard (regular queen size mattress included). Antique-style, handmade, three-drawer dresser with mirror goes well with waterbed frame. All for just $500. Call 804-389-8516.
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CalendarGenworth Financial, located at 6620 W. Broad St., will present its 32nd Celebrate Freedom Independence Day concert and fireworks at 6:30 p.m. The 29th Infantry Division Band, Virginia Infantry Division… Full text


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Does this mattress need a box spring underneath?
Words are not enough to describe the comfort of a memory foam mattress....
Select Luxury Gel Memory Foam 12-inch Full-size Medium Firm Mattress
Sleep in peace and comfort on top of this luxury eco-friendly gel memory foam mattress. The top layer of the mattress is composed of Gel to cool you for increased comfort. This mattress is of medium firmness and never needs turning.
ITEM#: 14338394The eco-friendly next generation Gel Memory Foam sits on the top layer of this mattress, providing you the cooling effect of gel combined with the pressure relieving properties of high quality Memory Foam.
- Materials: Gel Memory Foam
- Density: 3.8-pound gel memory foam
- Composition: 1-inch gel Memory Foam, 1.75 -inch layer of transition foam, 9-inch supportive foam base
- Mattress measures 54 inches wide x 75 inches long x 12 inches thick
- The Gel sits on the top layer of the mattress giving you a cooling effect with total comfort
- Disperses your weight evenly and eliminates motion transfer
- Plush transition foam layer underneath the gel memory foam layer enhances the pressure relieving properties of the gel
- Medium firmness is not too soft, not too firm
- Never needs turning
- Environmentally conscious; contains natural, bio-based polyols and is manufactured safely without harmful emissions
- Meets all 1633 flammability standards
- Four-way stretch-knit waterfall zippered cover
Select Luxury Buying Guide
Due to the nature of Memory Foam the firmness level of every item is unique. Please be advised that even similar products may produce different firmness results
Once opened this product is non-returnable.
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|Gel Memory Foam Memory Foam
|12 Inch
|Memory Foam Type
|Foam Gel Memory Foam Memory Foam
|2.5 Pound
|Firm Medium
|Mattress Top
|Plush Top
|Recommended Foundation Type
|Box Spring Platform
|See description
|See description
|Model Number
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I bought this mattress for my 12 year old son. We received the delivery 4 days ahead of schedue. That was a great . I was able to bring the box inside the house and have his new mattress set up on his bed in less than 15 minutes. It was well packed which made it super easy to handle, as it is big and heavy. It puffed up super fast and it is incredibly comfortable. He's in love with his new mattress and I'm very satisfied with my purchase . This is my first purchase throug Overstock.com. Very satisfied customer. Thank you : )Read More
I ordered this one for my grandparents and it was the best thing they could have gotten!!Read More
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Hello Tinker1542, depending on the frame type is used, this item may need additional support. Thank you for shopping with us.
Why did you choose this product?
Daughter needed firm bed with a little memory
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does this product contain latex?
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Reclaimed Wood and Cement. Marble and Metal. Leather and Wood. These materials didn't used to be mixed but now they've come together for a winning combination.
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Capture the enchanting aura cast by red rock and turquise stone in home furnishings and decorative accessories inspired by the American Southwest.
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How to Fluff a Pillow-Top Mattress
How to Fluff a Pillow-Top Mattress from Overstock.com. Learning how to fluff a pillow-top mattress is a breeze, and once you know how to do it, you'll never fear a deflated pillow-top again.
How to Choose a Serta Mattress
How to Choose a Serta Mattress from Overstock.com. Serta is one of America's most strusted mattress brands. Here's what to look for when you're shopping for a Serta mattress.
How to Select a Mattress Set
How to Select a Mattress Set from Overstock.com. People spend anywhere between six to nine hours each day in their beds, making it one of the most used pieces of furniture in any home.
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