text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Global Threat Reduction Initiative
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Global Threat Reduction Initiative  Conversion Program: Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test the dual application of splitting the atom, U.S. policy towards civilian use of highly enriched uranium and test reactors fueled first with low enriched uranium (LEU) and then later with HEU. By the early 1970s
Kemner, Ken
NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative Removes More Than One...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Press Releases Video Gallery Photo Gallery Jobs Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home NNSA Blog NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative Removes More ......
Natural Gas Exports from Iran
Reports and Publications (EIA)
This assessment of the natural gas sector in Iran, with a focus on Iran's natural gas exports, was prepared pursuant to section 505 (a) of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (Public Law No: 112-158). As requested, it includes: (1) an assessment of exports of natural gas from Iran; (2) an identification of the countries that purchase the most natural gas from Iran; (3) an assessment of alternative supplies of natural gas available to those countries; (4) an assessment of the impact a reduction in exports of natural gas from Iran would have on global natural gas supplies and the price of natural gas, especially in countries identified under number (2); and (5) such other information as the Administrator considers appropriate.
Global threat reduction initiative Russian nuclear material removal progress
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
In December 1999 representatives from the United States, the Russian Federation, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started discussing a program to return to Russia Soviet- or Russian-supplied highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel stored at the Russian-designed research reactors outside Russia. Trilateral discussions among the United States, Russian Federation, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have identified more than 20 research reactors in 17 countries that have Soviet- or Russian-supplied HEU fuel. The Global Threat Reduction Initiative's Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program is an important aspect of the U.S. Government's commitment to cooperate with the other nations to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and weapons-usable proliferation-attractive nuclear materials. To date, 496 kilograms of Russian-origin HEU have been shipped to Russia from Serbia, Latvia, Libya, Uzbekistan, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The pilot spent fuel shipment from Uzbekistan to Russia was completed in April 2006. (author)
Cummins, Kelly [DOE/NNSA (United States); Bolshinsky, Igor [INL/NNSA (United States)
Global Threat Reduction Initiative | Y-12 National Security Complex
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The U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Reactor Conversion Program supports the minimization, and to the extent possible, elimination of the use of high enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian nuclear applications by working to convert research and test reactors and radioisotope production processes to the use of low enriched uranium (LEU). The Reactor Conversion Program is a technical pillar of the NNSA Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) which is a key organization for implementing U.S. HEU minimization policy and works to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological material domestically and abroad.
Staples, Parrish A.; Leach, Wayne; Lacey, Jennifer M.
Factors affecting Iran`s future. Final report
This study examines the factors affecting Iran`s future by focusing on the demographic, economic, and military trends in Iran and their impact on the country`s national security objectives in the next decade. The paper also assesses the implications of an economic embargo on Iran and potential Iranian threats to regional and United States national interests.
Sinai, J.
The Global Threat Reduction Initiative's Orphan Source Recovery Project in the Russian Federation
After 9/11, officials at the United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) grew more concerned about radiological materials that were vulnerable to theft and illicit use around the world. The concern was that terrorists could combine stolen radiological materials with explosives to build and detonate a radiological dispersal device (RDD), more commonly known as a "dirty bomb." In response to this and other terrorist threats, the DOE/NNSA formed what is now known as the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) to consolidate and accelerate efforts to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials located at civilian sites worldwide. Although a cooperative program was already underway in the Russian Federation to secure nuclear materials at a range of different facilities, thousands of sealed radioactive sources remained vulnerable at medical, research, and industrial sites. In response, GTRI began to focus efforts on addressing these materials. GTRI's Russia Orphan Source Recovery Project, managed at the Nevada National Security Site's North Las Vegas facility, was initiated in 2002. Throughout the life of the project, Joint Stock Company "Isotope" has served as the primary Russian subcontractor, and the organization has proven to be a successful partner. Since the first orphan source recovery of an industrial cobalt-60 irradiator with 647 curies (Ci) at an abandoned facility in Moscow in 2003, the GTRI Orphan Source Recovery Project in the Russian Federation has accomplished substantial levels of threat reduction. To date, GTRI has recovered and securely disposed of more than 5,100 sources totaling more that 628,000 Ci. This project serves as an extraordinary example of how international cooperation can be implemented by partners with mutual interests to achieve significant goals.
Russell, J. W. [NSTec; Ahumada, A. D. [NSTec; Blanchard, T. A. [NNSA
Global Threat Reduction Initiative Fuel Thermo-Physical Characterization Project: Sample Management Plan
This sample management plan provides guidelines for sectioning, preparation, acceptance criteria, analytical path, and end-of-life disposal for the fuel element segments utilized in the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), Fuel Thermo-Physical Characterization Project. The Fuel Thermo-Physical Characterization Project is tasked with analysis of irradiated Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Molybdenum (U-Mo) fuel element samples to support the GTRI conversion program. Sample analysis may include optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fuel-surface interface analysis, gas pycnometry (density) measurements, laser flash analysis (LFA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis with mass spectroscopy (TG /DTA-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry (ICP), alpha spectroscopy, and Thermal Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (TIMS). The project will utilize existing Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL) operating, technical, and administrative procedures for sample receipt, processing, and analyses. Test instructions (TIs), which are documents used to provide specific details regarding the implementation of an existing RPL approved technical or operational procedure, will also be used to communicate to staff project specific parameters requested by the Principal Investigator (PI). TIs will be developed, reviewed, and issued in accordance with the latest revision of the RPL-PLN-700, RPL Operations Plan. Additionally, the PI must approve all project test instructions and red-line changes to test instructions.
Casella, Amanda J.; Pereira, Mario M.; Steen, Franciska H.
Global Threat Reduction Initiative Fuel-Thermo-Physical Characterization Project Quality Assurance Plan
The charter of the Fuel Thermo-Physical Characterization Project is to ready Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) facilities and processes for the receipt of unirradiated and irradiated low enriched uranium (LEU) molybdenum (U-Mo) fuel element samples, and to perform analysis to support the Global Threat Reduction Initiative conversion program. PNNL's support for the program will include the establishment of post-irradiation examination processes, including thermo-physical properties, unique to the U.S. Department of Energy laboratories. These processes will ultimately support the submission of the base fuel qualification (BFQ) to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and revisions to High Performance Research Reactor Safety Analysis Reports to enable conversion from highly enriched uranium to LEU fuel. This quality assurance plan (QAP) provides the quality assurance requirements and processes that support the NRC BFQ. This QAP is designed to be used by project staff, and prescribes the required management control elements that are to be met and how they are implemented. Additional controls are captured in Fuel Thermo-Physical Characterization Project plans, existing procedures, and procedures to be developed that provide supplemental information on how work is conducted on the project.
Pereira, Mario M.; Slonecker, Bruce D.
global threat reduction initiative
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
HEU fresh and spent fuel from Russian-designed research reactors worldwide to Russia.
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
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Iran at the Crossroads
the Clerical Regime in Iran in order to stage the perceptionthat political candidates in Iran are exclusively confinedstyle charade, as a sign of Iran's flourishing new democracy
Pahlavi, Reza
Iran in History Iran in History
1 Iran in History Iran in History by Bernard Lewis In attempting to attain some perspective on Iran. These events have been variously seen in Iran: by some as a blessing, the advent of the true faith, the end remarkable difference between what happened in Iran and what happened in all the other countries
Mohaghegh, Shahab
Managing Proliferation Issues with Iran
Any government in Tehran will be inclined to seek weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missile delivery options given the realities of its strategic environment. These weapons might help Iran to deter potential external threats, to achieve equality with other major regional powers armed with WMD, and to attain self-reliance in national security, given the isolating experience of arms embargoes. A more pluralist leadership in the future, however, may examine broader choices and trade-offs, and perhaps be less likely to cross key thresholds in WMD acquisition. In any event, Iran's WMD behavior is likely to be determined by both external factors, mainly the availability of crucial components, and internal factors, including calculations of costs, risks, and benefits. Among the benefits, psychological factors, such as prestige, will play an important role. Other important factors that might well shape Iran's WMD behavior include developments in Iraq, relations with the United States and other Gulf states, Israeli-Palestinian relations and the future price of oil. This paper offers recommendations on how the United States can best hope to influence Iranian decisions regarding the acquisition of WMD and missile delivery systems if the United States decides to pursue more direct engagement with Tehran. An engagement-nonproliferation strategy should involve at least three types of parallel efforts: public, private and indirect. Public efforts should seek to create a more positive, less-threatening image of the United States among opinion leaders in Iran. Private efforts should seek to determine the purposes, nature and extent of Iran's efforts to develop WMD and missiles and to suggest better alternatives for Iran's security and prestige needs. Indirect efforts should involve key third countries and organizations in an attempt both to address Iran's security concerns and to deny Iran access to critical WMD and missile technology and components. Russian policy, in particular, will continue to play a vital role in determining the extent to which Iran is able to pursue WMD options. Without a fundamental change in the regional security environment, however, there is little reason to expect changes in Iranian WMD and missile policies, and the United States, acting alone and short of war, cannot prevent Iran from ultimately developing WMD and delivery systems. Furthermore, U.S. policies that take a tougher line with Russia, China and North Korea are not likely to lead to more restraint among these potential sources of WMD and missile technology. In the absence of engagement with Iran, unilateral U.S. economic sanctions will remain the principal, if flawed, U.S. policy tool for seeking to prevent Iran from acquiring WMD. The rationale is that by discouraging trade and investment, particularly in Iran's energy sector, the government of Iran will have less revenue to pursue proliferation. Without broad international support for economic isolation, however, such an effort may hinder Iran's WMD programs, though it cannot block them. Finally, options are needed to deal with major failures in nonproliferation efforts. These options include measures to deter Iranian use of WMD, to defend against their use if deterrence fails, and to destroy Iranian WMD capabilities should the need arise.
Nelson, C. Richard; Saltiel, David H.
175 CHR�TIENSD'IRAN ENTREHAGIOGRAPHIEETHISTOIRE Avecunenouvellepropositionsurlacroixde iranienne et la mixité culturelle qui caractériselechristianismeenIran exemple l'apport scientifique des chrétiens syriaques à l'Iran sassanideenmatièred
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Insider Threat Program
Broader source: Directives, Delegations, and Requirements [Office of Management (MA)]
To establish responsibilities and requirements for the Department of Energy (DOE) Insider Threat Program (ITP) to deter, detect, and mitigate insider threat actions by Federal and contractor employees in accordance with the requirements of Executive Order 13587, the National Insider Threat Policy and Minimum Standards for Executive Branch Insider Threat Programs and other government-wide and DOE requirements. Does not cancel other directives.
Cyber threat metrics.
Threats are generally much easier to list than to describe, and much easier to describe than to measure. As a result, many organizations list threats. Fewer describe them in useful terms, and still fewer measure them in meaningful ways. This is particularly true in the dynamic and nebulous domain of cyber threats - a domain that tends to resist easy measurement and, in some cases, appears to defy any measurement. We believe the problem is tractable. In this report we describe threat metrics and models for characterizing threats consistently and unambiguously. The purpose of this report is to support the Operational Threat Assessment (OTA) phase of risk and vulnerability assessment. To this end, we focus on the task of characterizing cyber threats using consistent threat metrics and models. In particular, we address threat metrics and models for describing malicious cyber threats to US FCEB agencies and systems.
Frye, Jason Neal; Veitch, Cynthia K.; Mateski, Mark Elliot; Michalski, John T.; Harris, James Mark; Trevino, Cassandra M.; Maruoka, Scott
Essays on Fertility, Gender Preference and Family Planning in Iran
Population Policy Changes in Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . .v 3.3.2 Iran's Current Health Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .Case of Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading Arendt in Iran/Reading Iran through Arendt: Speech,
Reading Arendt in Iran/Reading Iran through Arendt: Speech, Action, and the Question Arendt in Iran/Reading Iran through Arendt: Speech, Action, and the Question of Street Politics for Arendt readers in the postrevolutionary context of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Arendt's skepticism
Illinois at Chicago, University of
On Demand Guarantees in Iran.
??On Demand Guarantees in Iran This thesis examines on demand guarantees in Iran concentrating on bid bonds and performance guarantees. The main guarantee types and… (more)
Ahvenainen, Laura
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E-Print Network 3.0 - arms reduction treaty Sample Search Results
on fissile material security , the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty , cooperative threat reduction, and others... Threat Reduction Agency , Fort Belvoir, Virginia Outline: 1....
Nuclear threats from small states
What are the policy implications regarding proliferation and counter proliferation of nuclear weapons among Third World states. How does deterrence operate outside the parameters of superpower confrontation as defined by the cold war elaborate system of constraints enforced by concepts like mutual assured destruction, and counter-value and counter-force targeting. How can US policymakers devise contingencies for dealing with nuclear threats posed by countries like North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. These are some of the unsettling but nevertheless important questions addressed by the author in this monograph. In his analysis, Mr. Jerome Kahan examines the likelihood that one or more of these countries will use nuclear weapons before the year 2000. He also offers a framework that policymakers and planners might use in assessing US interests in preempting the use of nuclear weapons or in retaliating for their use. Ironically, with the end of the cold war, it is imperative that defense strategists, policymakers, and military professionals think about the `unthinkable`. In the interest of fostering debate on this important subject, the Strategic Studies Institute commends this insightful monograph.
Kahan, J.H.
Pachydermodactyly, a new case from Iran
Pachydermodactyly, a new case from Iran Abbas Zamanian MD8 1. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2.Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran Abstract Pachydermodactyly (
Zamanian, Abbas; Ansar, Akram
Radiological Threat Reduction | ornl.gov
to participate in the US Department of Energy's program that focuses on three areas: Conversion of highly enriched uranium reactors to low enriched uranium as their fuel...
Global Threat Reduction Initiative | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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Manager, International Chemical Threat Reduction Department, Sandia
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Syria's alignment with Iran and efforts to encourage Syrian defection.
??Since the Iranian revolution in 1979, Syria and Iran have maintained a strategic alliance. Syria supported Iran throughout the Iran-Iraq war and Iran has been… (more)
Rasmussen, Zachary Bret
Petroleum industry in Iran
This study examines the oil industry in Iran from the early discovery of oil nearly two hundred years ago in Mazandaran (north part) to the development of a giant modern industry in the twentieth century. Chapter I presents a brief historical setting to introduce the reader to the importance of oil in Iran. It focuses on the economic implications of the early oil concessions in the period 1901 to 1951. Chapter II discusses the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry and creation of NIOC in 1951 and the international political and economic implication of these activities. Chapter III explains the activities of NIOC in Iran. Exploration and drilling, production, exports, refineries, natural gas, petrochemicals and internal distributions are studied. Chapter IV discusses the role of the development planning of Iran. A brief presentation of the First Development Plan through the Fifth Development Plan is given. Sources and uses of funds by plan organization during these Five Plans is studied. The Iran and Iraq War is also studied briefly, but the uncertainty of its resolution prevents any close analysis of its impact on the Iranian oil industry. One conclusion, however, is certain; oil has been a vital resource in Iran's past and it will remain the lifetime of its economic development in the future.
Farideh, A.
Deterring regional threats from nuclear proliferation
The most prominent shift in the National Military Strategy is from the global Soviet threat to a new focus on regional contingencies. No threat looms larger in these contingencies than the proliferation of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. This study examines proliferation trends and proposes a predominately diplomatic strategy for containing the problem. Dr. Spector identifies three waves of proliferation: the first is the five states with declared weapons and doctrine-the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France, and China; the second includes a less visible group that developed a covert capability, without testing weapons or declaring a doctrine of deterrence-for example, Israel, India, and probably Pakistan; and, a third wave of would-be proliferators includes radical states like Iraq, Iran, Libya, and North Korea. Spector's political approach is based on the common interest of wave one and two states to prevent further proliferation. Political-economic incentives have already worked in the cases of Brazil, Argentina, Taiwan, and South Africa-states which appear to have abandoned their nuclear weapons programs. Spector does not rule out the option of military force. Force, especially under international sanctions, can be a powerful tool to back diplomatic efforts. Use of force, however, remains a last resort.
Spector, L.S.
Airborne Particulate Threat Assessment
Aerosol threat detection requires the ability to discern between threat agents and ambient background particulate matter (PM) encountered in the environment. To date, Raman imaging technology has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for the assessment of threat agents in the presence of specific, complex backgrounds. Expanding our understanding of the composition of ambient particulate matter background will improve the overall performance of Raman Chemical Imaging (RCI) detection strategies for the autonomous detection of airborne chemical and biological hazards. Improving RCI detection performance is strategic due to its potential to become a widely exploited detection approach by several U.S. government agencies. To improve the understanding of the ambient PM background with subsequent improvement in Raman threat detection capability, ChemImage undertook the Airborne Particulate Threat Assessment (APTA) Project in 2005-2008 through a collaborative effort with the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), under cooperative agreement number DE-FC26-05NT42594. During Phase 1 of the program, a novel PM classification based on molecular composition was developed based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature. In addition, testing protocols were developed for ambient PM characterization. A signature database was developed based on a variety of microanalytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR microspectroscopy, optical microscopy, fluorescence and Raman chemical imaging techniques. An automated particle integrated collector and detector (APICD) prototype was developed for automated collection, deposition and detection of biothreat agents in background PM. During Phase 2 of the program, ChemImage continued to refine the understanding of ambient background composition. Additionally, ChemImage enhanced the APICD to provide improved autonomy, sensitivity and specificity. Deliverables included a Final Report detailing our findings and APICD Gen II subsystems for automated collection, deposition and detection of ambient particulate matter. Key findings from the APTA Program include: Ambient biological PM taxonomy; Demonstration of key subsystems needed for autonomous bioaerosol detection; System design; Efficient electrostatic collection; Automated bioagent recognition; Raman analysis performance validating Td<9 sec; Efficient collection surface regeneration; and Development of a quantitative bioaerosol defection model. The objective of the APTA program was to advance the state of our knowledge of ambient background PM composition. Operation of an automated aerosol detection system was enhanced by a more accurate assessment of background variability, especially for sensitive and specific sensing strategies like Raman detection that are background-limited in performance. Based on this improved knowledge of background, the overall threat detection performance of Raman sensors was improved.
Patrick Treado; Oksana Klueva; Jeffrey Beckstead
Proliferation: Threat and response
During the height of the Cold War, the Russian physicist Andre Sakharov said, `Reducing the risk of annihilating humanity in a nuclear war carries an absolute priority over all other considerations.` The end of the Cold War has reduced the threat of global nuclear war, but today a new threat is rising from the global spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Hostile groups and nations have tried - or have been able - to obtain these weapons, the technology, and homegrown ability to make them or ballistic missiles that can deliver the massive annihilation, poison, and death of these weapons hundreds of miles away. For rogue nations, these weapons are a ticket to power, stature, and confidence in regional war.
Addressing the insider threat
Computers have come to play a major role in the processing of information vital to our national security. As we grow more dependent on computers, we also become more vulnerable to their misuse. Misuse may be accidental, or may occur deliberately for purposes of personal gain, espionage, terrorism, or revenge. While it is difficult to obtain exact statistics on computer misuse, clearly it is growing. It is also clear that insiders -- authorized system users -- are responsible for most of this increase. Unfortunately, their insider status gives them a greater potential for harm This paper takes an asset-based approach to the insider threat. We begin by characterizing the insider and the threat posed by variously motivated insiders. Next, we characterize the asset of concern: computerized information of strategic or economic value. We discuss four general ways in which computerized information is vulnerable to adversary action by the insider: disclosure, violation of integrity, denial of service, and unauthorized use of resources. We then look at three general remedies for these vulnerabilities. The first is formality of operations, such as training, personnel screening, and configuration management. The second is the institution of automated safeguards, such as single-use passwords, encryption, and biometric devices. The third is the development of automated systems that collect and analyze system and user data to look for signs of misuse.
Hochberg, J.G.; Jackson, K.A.; McClary, J.F.; Simmonds, D.D.
War curbs oil exports by Iran and Iraq
A discussion of the effects of the war between Iran and Iraq on oil exports from the area covers damage (extent unknown) to the Abadan, Iran, and Basra, Iraq, oil refineries, to the Iraqi petrochemical complex under construction at Basra, to oil export terminals at Kharg Island and Mina-al-Bakr, and to other oil facilities; war-caused reductions in oil production, refining, shipping, and export, estimated at 2.05-3.35 million bbl/day; the possible effects of the war on OPEC's decisions concerning oil production and pricing; the significance of the Strait of Hormuz for the export of oil by several countries in addition to the belligerents; the U.S. and non-Communist oil stocks which might enable the world to avoid an oil shortage if the war is ended in the near future; and the long-term effects of the war on Iran's and Iraq's oil industries.
Not Available
AFGHANISTAN'S OTHER NEIGHBORS: IRAN, CENTRAL ASIA, AND CHINA CONFERENCE REPORT Organized ...................................................................4 AFGHANISTAN AND IRAN ...........................................................................................6 Cultural Issues: Fear of Iran's Shadow
Spence, Harlan Ernest
Bio-threat microparticle simulants
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A bio-threat simulant that includes a carrier and DNA encapsulated in the carrier. Also a method of making a simulant including the steps of providing a carrier and encapsulating DNA in the carrier to produce the bio-threat simulant.
Farquar, George Roy; Leif, Roald
Iran Thomas Auditorium, 8600
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Maneki-Neko Team Description for Iran Open UAV 2013 -Teheran, Iran
Maneki-Neko Team Description for Iran Open UAV 2013 - Teheran, Iran Intelligent Autonomous Systems the competition. One of those teams was the UvA Drone Team. The Dutch team participating at the Iran Open 2013 to perception and control algorithms which leaded to this frame- work. The Iran Open 2013 gives the possibility
Visser, Arnoud
AnnalesdesPressesUniversitairesd'Iran Revuesemestrielle
LUQMAN AnnalesdesPressesUniversitairesd'Iran Revuesemestrielle Vingtidme ann6e,num6ro2 Printemps-6t62004 Num6ro de s6rie: 40 #12;LUQMAN Annales des PressesUniversitaires d'Iran Revue semestrielle R6. Les articles non publi6s ne seront pas retourn6s, Administration : Ptesses Universitaires d'Iran
Iran: World Oil Report 1991
This paper reports that at the end of its war with Iraq, Iran embarked on an urgent program to restore its productive capacity. This effort has been hindered by lack of hard currency and, hence, technology, parts, equipment, etc. Iran has been trying to improve relations with the U.S, over the past two years. Recently, the embargo on importing Iranian crude into the U.S. was lifted. Over the past year and a half, Iran accumulated enough money to resume imports of U.S. and other foreign drilling equipment. However, drilling has remained at a low level. Also, efforts to boost output have been slowed by war damage both on and offshore---particularly the latter---and serious BHP declines in major onshore fields that can only be corrected by ultra- high cost gas injection projects. Currently, large injection projects are only operating in three major fields: Gachsaran, Ahwaz and Marun.
Iran-US Relations: At a New Cross Roads
These are the true voice of Iran! These are the people thatYou must let the youth of Iran know that they are not alone,society. Indeed, many in Iran credit the robust movement of
Pahlavi, Reva
Android Keylogging Threat Fadi Mohsen, Mohammed Shehab
Android Keylogging Threat Fadi Mohsen, Mohammed Shehab Department of Software and Information of keylogging attacks on Android. Which is a security threat pertaining to Android openness on specific feature
Shehab, Mohamed
Oil, power, and principle: Iran`s oil nationalizaation and its aftermath
This book provides a concise and well documented analysis of events leading to Iran`s oil nationalization and its aftermath. It also helps to understand Iran`s 1979 revolution and its current situation. The book, at 413 pages, is divided into twenty-two chapters, beginning with a review of the historical background of Iran`s oil industry from the late 19th century throught the mid-1900s. The book interlaces energy, economic, and political factors of not only Iran, but other important players such as the United States and Great Britian. Also included is a well-documented analysis of the Anglo-American coup to overthrow the Mossadeq government, which helps the reader understand why there is so much anti-U.S. sentiment in Iran.
Elm, M.
Face to Face and Street to Street: An Exploration of the Benefits and Perils of Transnational Feminist Practices for Iran's One Million Signatures Campaign
Keddie & R. Matthee (Eds. ), Iran and the Surrounding World.Muslim Societies: The Cases of Iran and Azerbaijan. Journal2001). Women's Strategies in Iran from the 1979 Revolution
McKibben, Susan
Nuclear Radiological Threat Task Force Established | National...
Radiological Threat Task Force Established | National Nuclear Security Administration Facebook Twitter Youtube Flickr RSS People Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing...
Status of Iran's nuclear program and negotiations
Iran's nuclear program poses immense challenges to international security. Its gas centrifuge program has grown dramatically in the last several years, bringing Iran close to a point where it could produce highly enriched uranium in secret or declared gas centrifuge plants before its breakout would be discovered and stopped. To reduce the risk posed by Iran's nuclear program, the P5+1 have negotiated with Iran short term limits on the most dangerous aspects of its nuclear programs and is negotiating long-term arrangements that can provide assurance that Iran will not build nuclear weapons. These long-term arrangements need to include a far more limited and transparent Iranian nuclear program. In advance of arriving at a long-term arrangement, the IAEA will need to resolve its concerns about the alleged past and possibly on-going military dimensions of Iran's nuclear program.
Albright, David [President, Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), 236 Massachusetts Avenue, NE 305, Washington, DC 20002 (United States)
English language policy and planning in Iran.
??Iran has been in the headlines in the recent years and decades for many socio-political reasons. Many of these involve the confrontation between Islamic revolutionary… (more)
Jamshidifard, Saman
US foreign policy conduct in Iran.
??Die vorliegende Dissertation und Analyse ist eine umfassende Untersuchung der bilateralen Beziehung zwischen den USA und dem Iran seit dem Jahr 1953. Die darin erörterte… (more)
Mansouri, Amir
NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative Receives 2010 Distinguished...
managers to quickly and effectively filter and analyze large amounts of real time, geo-spatial linked information and integrate that data with scope, schedule, cost and...
AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS Coordinator, Threat Reduction Programs,
and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. DOE Responsible for positioning Former Program Officer for U.S. Foreign and Security Policy at the Ford Foundation · Served as CouncilD 28-year DoD career in national security with emphasis on combating weapons of mass destruction
NNSA Supports Permanent Threat Reduction in Ukraine through Alternative
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recovery challengeMultiscaleLogosAdministrationNetworkNuclearNational
2014 Annual Planning Summary for the NNSA Global Threat Reduction
Energy Savers [EERE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustionImprovement3 Beryllium-Associated Worker RegistryDepartment of EnergyDepartmentInitiative
NNSA Launches Global Threat Reduction Initiative | National Nuclear
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartmentNational Nuclear SecurityNationalApplyMaintaining ForNProgram |NationalSecurity
NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative launches mobile app | National
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the Contributions and Achievements of Women |hits 21 percent ofAdministrationFood
The New Majority: A View into the Motivations and Aspirations Of Iran's Women in Higher Education
are wasted in Iran. Arkiv 2003. Retrieved Esfandiari, G. (2003). Iran: Number of Female Higher Education in Iran? Presentation at CIES
Kheiltash, Omid
Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Infection among Male Injection Drug Users in Detention, Tehran, Iran
in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Brie?ng Paper Eight, Thedrug users (IDUS) in Mashhad, Iran. International Journal ofof Hammadan prison (Iran, 1998). Journal of Research in
Analysis of 15 years of skin cancer in central Iran (Yazd)
evaluation in center of Iran. Pejoohesh in medical scienceskin cancer in central Iran (Yazd) Mohammad Taghi NoorbalaScience University of Yazd, Iran. firstname.lastname@example.com
Noorbala, Mohammad Taghi; Kafaie, P
A Nuclear Iran? Why this particular topic?
A Nuclear Iran? #12;#12;Why this particular topic? · State Department internship · Personal · NPT (Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty) developed after WWII and Japan · IAEA (International Atomic of capacity #12;Iran's nuclear program · Initiated in 1959 · Strong ties to Russia, China and Pakistan · 2002
New Hampshire, University of
IRAN: laboratory test bench for hypertelescope pupil-plane recombination
IRAN: laboratory test bench for hypertelescope pupil-plane recombination F. Allouchea,b, F. Vakilib-Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6525 Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France ABSTRACT In 2004, our group proposed IRAN-apertures illuminated by laser sources are recombined using the IRAN scheme. The validation of the IRAN recombination
Liske, Jochen
The Iran Nuclear Crisis: An Update
Will Iran develop nuclear weapons capabilities and what effects would such capabilities have on international peace and security? Despite two recent U.N. Security Council resolutions sanctioning Iran for its nuclear activities, the government in Tehran continues to press ahead with efforts to expand its uranium enrichment program to industrial scale. But both the Tehran regime and the Iranian people remain divided on the nuclear question, creating opportunities for a negotiated settlement. It is essential for US security that the Iranian program be contained, for nuclear weapons in Iran would increase risks of regional instability, terrorist use, and further proliferation. The U.S. and its negotiating partners have already missed a number of potential opportunities for a diplomatic breakthrough, but the right mix of incentives designed to address the reasons driving Iran's nuclear program could still succeed in producing an acceptable outcome.
Scott Sagan
Sensor-guided threat countermeasure system
A countermeasure system for use by a target to protect against an incoming sensor-guided threat. The system includes a laser system for producing a broadband beam and means for directing the broadband beam from the target to the threat. The countermeasure system comprises the steps of producing a broadband beam and directing the broad band beam from the target to blind or confuse the incoming sensor-guided threat.
Stuart, Brent C.; Hackel, Lloyd A.; Hermann, Mark R.; Armstrong, James P.
Autonomous Realtime Threat-Hunting Robot (ARTHR
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Idaho National Laboratory researchers developed an intelligent plug-and-play robot payload that transforms commercial robots into effective first responders for deadly chemical, radiological and explosive threats.
Addressing the cybersecurity Malicious Insider threat.
?? Malicious Insider threats consist of employees, contractors, or business partners who either have current authorized access, or have had authorized access to an organization's… (more)
Schluderberg, Larry E.
SciTech Connect: Sequential Threat Detection for Harbor Defense...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Sequential Threat Detection for Harbor Defense: An X-ray Physics-Based Bayesian Approach Citation Details In-Document Search Title: Sequential Threat Detection for Harbor Defense:...
The rise of "china threat" arguments
The study seeks to explain the rise of "China threat" arguments in the United States and Japan in the 1990s by using three theories of states behavior- realism, organization theory, and democratic peace theory. The rise ...
Ueki, Chikako
Autonomous Realtime Threat-Hunting Robot (ARTHR)
Idaho National Laboratory researchers developed an intelligent plug-and-play robot payload that transforms commercial robots into effective first responders for deadly chemical, radiological and explosive threats. To learn more, visit
Idaho National Laboratory - David Bruemmer, Curtis Nielsen
Ă?COLE POLYTECHNIQUE, PARIS, FRANCE & SHARIF UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, TEHRAN, IRAN Ă?COLE DOCTORAL of Technology (Tehran, IRAN) tel-00540175,version1-11Dec2010 #12;tel-00540175,version1-11Dec2010 #12
Worldwide threat assessment brief to the Senate Select Committee on intelligence statement for the record
This report outlines the threats to the United States and its interests now and into the next century. We still call this the post-Cold War world. Among the opportunities and challenges of our time, there is not yet one dominant enough to define the era on its own terms and give it a name. Looking beyond our borders, we see much that is uncertain: The stability of many regions of the world is threatened by ethnic turmoil and humanitarian crises. Two great powers, Russia and China, are in the process of metamorphosis and their final shape is still very much in question.-Free nations of the world are threatened by rogue nations - - Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and Libya, that have built up significant military forces and seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction. The world community is under assault from those who deal in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, drugs and crime. And the interdependence of the world economy has made us more vulnerable to economic shocks beyond our borders. The strategic threat to our continent is reduced, but the potential for surprise is greater than it was in the days when we could focus our energies on the well-recognized instruments of Soviet power. No one challenge today is yet as formidable as the threat from the former Soviet Union. If nurtured by neglect on our part, these new challenges could expand to threaten the growth of democracy and free markets. All the tools of national security -- diplomacy, the military, and intelligence -- must remain sharp. It is the task of the Intelligence Community to provide policymakers and military commanders with early warning of emerging problems -- warning that can allow us to avoid crisis or military conflict. We must continuously monitor and assess the threats so that our leaders can manage these wisely.
Deutch, J.
ORIGINAL PAPER Trends in meteorological and agricultural droughts in Iran
ORIGINAL PAPER Trends in meteorological and agricultural droughts in Iran S. Golian & O. Mazdiyasni droughts and their trends in Iran, as well as several subregions with different climate conditions from, northwestern, and central parts of Iran have experienced sig- nificant drying trends at a 95 % confidence level
AghaKouchak, Amir
1 AMERICAN POLICY AND IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAMME: THE CHINA ANALOGY For historians of American policy toward China in the 1960s, the current nuclear crisis over Iran has some eerie and suggestive parallels to Iran, Pentagon hawks saw an ideal opportunity for military action which would give China a bloody nose
Heinke, Dietmar
First evidence for large earthquakes4 on the Deshir Fault, Central Iran Plateau5
1 1 2 3 First evidence for large earthquakes4 on the Deshir Fault, Central Iran Plateau5 6 7 8 of Iran, Po Box:13185-1494,Teheran-Iran.13 email: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com 2: The Institute of Geophysics, University of Teheran, Teheran, Iran.15 email
Embargo on Iran hurts supply firms
When President Clinton dropped an embargo on Iran, he also collided with oilfield supply companies to the tune of some $662.5 million. The embargo locked Iran away from oil exports to the US and some imports from the US in an attempt to stop Iran from: building a nuclear weapons stockpile; threatening the Persian Gulf with conventional military operations, and supporting terrorism. Most people would agree with the need to stop that activity. But, the supply companies would have preferred something less drastic. The Petroleum Equipment Suppliers Association, and the Tom Wheatley Valve Co. of Houston, said Iran owes suppliers approximately a half-billion dollars in receivables. That money may never be recovered, and it could send some companies into bankruptcy. In addition, the embargo cuts off $325 million in business the US conducts with Iran and about half of that business goes to the oil industry. If you plug that $162.5 million into Department of Labor statistics that say each $1 million sustains 20 jobs, the industry stands to lose 3250 jobs.
Lyle, D.
Oil, state and industrialization in Iran
In contrast to its agrarian policies, Iran's industrialization drive during 1954-1977 has received scant attention. This book is the first substantive study of Iran's industrialization that also covers the oil boom years, and is comparable to some of the studies on Egypt and Turkey. It thus fills a void in the literature. The wealth of information and data and the careful analysis combine to make it a scholarly contribution to the study of economic development in pre-1979 Iran. In particular, the quantitative measurements presented in the appendices are enormously valuable to researchers. This book, is also a valuable source in a graduate-level course on economic development in the Middle East.
Karshenas, M.
Iran plans huge private sector MTBE plant
An export-oriented 1-million m.t./year methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) plant is planned as one of Iran`s private sector investment projects. State-owned National Petrochemical Co (NPC; Tehran) and the Dubai-based Iranian businessman Abdul Wahab Galadari have signed a letter of intent allowing Galadari to develop the venture. Colt Engineering (Calgary, AL) is assisting Galadari with costs, planning and technology selection for the estimated $300-million plus venture. An important meeting with NPC is scheduled end of this month, says Galadari, and a financial package should be put together by end of March or April. The facility will most likely be wholly-owned by the Galadari family, roughly 50% by members resident in Iran and the remainder by the Dubai-based concern A.W. Galadari Sons. NPC says it may take a token shareholding in the venture.
Alperowicz, N.
Left-Wing Extremism: The Current Threat
Left-wing extremism is ''alive and well'' both in the US and internationally. Although the current domestic terrorist threat within the U. S. is focused on right-wing extremists, left-wing extremists are also active and have several objectives. Leftist extremists also pose an espionage threat to U.S. interests. While the threat to the U.S. government from leftist extremists has decreased in the past decade, it has not disappeared. There are individuals and organizations within the U.S. who maintain the same ideology that resulted in the growth of left-wing terrorism in this country in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the leaders from that era are still communicating from Cuba with their followers in the U.S., and new leaders and groups are emerging.
Karl A. Seger
Reliability and economy -- Hydro electricity for Iran
Reliability is the probability that a device or system will perform its function adequately, for the period of time intended, under the operating conditions intended. Reliability and economy are two important factors in operating any system, especially in power generation. Due to the high rate in population growth in Iran, the experts have estimated that the demand for electricity will be about 63,000 MW in the next 25 years, the installed power is now about 26,000 MW. Therefore, the energy policy decision made in Iran is to go to power generation by hydroelectric plants because of reliability, availability of water resources and the economics of hydroelectric power.
Jahromi-Shirazi, M.J.; Zarbakhsh, M.H. [Teleh Shofage Co., Ghazvin (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
A Security Definition for Multi Secret Sharing and a Scheme Based Massoud Hadian Dehkordi, Iran University of Science and Technology
, Iran University of Science and Technology Reza Ghasemi, Iran University of Science and Technology Since. Ghasemi, The School of Mathematics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran mhadian
Design issues concerning Iran`s Bushehr nuclear power plant VVER-1000 conversion
On January 8, 1995, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) signed a contract for $800 million with the Russian Federation Ministry for Atomic Energy (Minatom) to complete Bushehr nuclear power plant (BNPP) unit 1. The agreement called for a Russian VVER-1000/320 pressurized water reactor (PWR) to be successfully installed into the existing German-built BNPP facilities in 5 yr. System design differences, bomb damage, and environmental exposure are key issues with which Minatom must contend in order to fulfill the contract. The AEOI under the Shah of Iran envisioned Bushehr as the first of many nuclear power plants, with Iran achieving 24 GW(electric) by 1993 and 34 GW(electric) by 2000. Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU) began construction of the two-unit plant near the Persian Gulf town of Halileh in 1975. Unit 1 was {approx}80% complete and unit 2 was {approx}50% complete when construction was interrupted by the 1979 Iranian Islamic revolution. Despite repeated AEOI attempts to lure KWU and other companies back to Iran to complete the plant, Western concerns about nuclear proliferation in Iran and repeated bombings of the plant during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war dissuaded Germany from resuming construction.
Carson, C.F. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (United States)
Unauthorized Collaboration on Facebook: Threats and Responses
Unauthorized Collaboration on Facebook: Threats and Responses Recent events at FSU have uncovered and collaboration. The Problem: When students, faculty, and staff join Facebook using a valid FSU email address this and believe it is affiliated with or endorsed by Florida State University. Facebook also allows students
McQuade, D. Tyler
Global Warming: The Threat to the Planet*
Global Warming: The Threat to the Planet* Jim Hansen 17 April 2007 2007 Leo Szilard Lecture. Graham Red Squirrel #12;Survival of Species 1. "Business-as-Usual" Scenario - Global Warming ~ 3ÂşC - Likely Extinctions ~ 50 percent 2. "Alternative" Scenario - Global Warming ~ 1ÂşC - Likely Extinctions
Hansen, James E.
Politics of oil and revolution in Iran
Elements of continuity and change in Iran's post-revolution oil strategy, the domestic forces that helped to shape oil policy, the regional repercussions of the Iranian revolution, and the manner in which the Iranian authorities have reacted to changes in the oil market over the past three and half years are examined.
Bakhash, S.
Iran rebuilding petroleum industry, output capacity
This paper reports on Iran which has turned away from stern isolationism this year in order to rebuild a war-ravaged petroleum industry and stimulate its economy. The reconstruction effort includes participation, under terms still not well defined, by non-Iranian companies in upstream oil and gas operations.
Tippee, B.
Insider Threat - Material Control and Accountability Mitigation
The technical objectives of nuclear safeguards are (1) the timely detection of diversion of significant quantities of nuclear material from peaceful uses to the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or for purposes unknown and (2) the deterrence of such diversion by the risk of early detection. The safeguards and security program must address both outsider threats and insider threats. Outsider threats are primarily addressed by the physical protection system. Insider threats can be any level of personnel at the site including passive or active insiders that could attempt protracted or abrupt diversion. This could occur by an individual acting alone or by collusion between an individual with material control and accountability (MC&A) responsibilities and another individual who has responsibility or control within both the physical protection and the MC&A systems. The insider threat is one that must be understood and incorporated into the safeguards posture. There have been more than 18 documented cases of theft or loss of plutonium or highly enriched uranium. The insider has access, authority, and knowledge, as well as a set of attributes, that make him/her difficult to detect. An integrated safeguards program is designed as a defense-in-depth system that seeks to prevent the unauthorized removal of nuclear material, to provide early detection of any unauthorized attempt to remove nuclear material, and to rapidly respond to any attempted removal of nuclear material. The program is also designed to support protection against sabotage, espionage, unauthorized access, compromise, and other hostile acts that may cause unacceptable adverse impacts on national security, program continuity, the health and safety of employees, the public, or the environment. Nuclear MC&A play an essential role in the capabilities of an integrated safeguards system to deter and detect theft or diversion of nuclear material. An integrated safeguards system with compensating mitigation can decrease the risk of an insider performing a malicious act without detection.
Powell, Danny H [ORNL] [ORNL; Elwood Jr, Robert H [ORNL] [ORNL; Roche, Charles T [ORNL] [ORNL
A Report on Smoking Advertising and Promotion Bans in The lslamic Republic of Iran
increase tobacco use in the Islamic Republic of Iran.The Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Health and MedicalCommittee Islamic Republic of Iran World Health Organization
World Health Organization; Ministry of Health and Medical Education Deputy of Health
Waterpipe smoking among health sciences university students in Iran: perceptions, practices and patterns of use.
HA, colleagues: I.R. Iran global youth tobacco survey (GYTS)www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/Iran%20GYTS2007% 20final%sciences university students in Iran: perceptions, practices
Ghafouri, Nasim; Hirsch, Jan D; Heydari, Gholamreza; Morello, Candis M; Kuo, Grace M; Singh, Renu F
Comparison of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers on rapeseed yield in Iran
PSB) on Potato Yield at Iran Environment. Procceding of 18Arak Islamic Azad University, Iran (Table 1) in the 2006/07Arak Islamic Azad University, Iran. Physical properties 0-30
Madani, hamid; Kelarestaghi, Kioomars Bakhsh; Malboobi, Mohammad Ali
The Most Sovereign of Masters: The History of Opium in Modern Iran, 1850-1955.
??This study surveys a century of commercial opium production in Iran, from 1850 to 1955. From an insignificant contributor to the global opium market, Iran… (more)
Regavim, Ram Baruch
Saudi-Arabias forverrede forhold til Iran etter 2011. : En konsekvens av řkte indre spenninger?.
??Helt siden den islamske revolusjonen i Iran i 1979 har relasjonen mellom Saudi-Arabia og Iran vćrt preget av spenning. Begge landene řnsker, ved ĺ spre… (more)
Grimsrud, Siri
E-Print Network 3.0 - area southwestern iran Sample Search Results
southwestern iran Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: area southwestern iran Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Doing Algebra in...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ardabil iran functional Sample Search Results
ardabil iran functional Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: ardabil iran functional Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Phlebotomus perfiliewi...
Introduction to Administrative Programs that Mitigate the Insider Threat
This presentation begins with the reality of the insider threat, then elaborates on these tools to mitigate the insider threat: Human Reliability Program (HRP); Nuclear Security Culture (NSC) Program; Employee Assistance Program (EAP).
Gerke, Gretchen K.; Rogers, Erin; Landers, John; DeCastro, Kara
De Gaulle en Iran (octobre 1963): Le voyage oubli.
De Gaulle en Iran (octobre 1963): Le voyage oublié. Dernière version avant publication dans la nouveau "normales" entre les démocraties occidentales et l'Iran. L'accession au pouvoir du modéré Khatami'esquisser en Iran. Une longue parenthèse serait ainsi appelée à se résorber, permettant de relancer
A Risk Management Approach to the 'Insider Threat'
Insider Threat" [Gel05] Mike Gelles. Exploring the mind ofL. Krofcheck and Mike G. Gelles. Behavioral consultation in
EPR Severe Accident Threats and Mitigation
Despite the extremely low EPR core melt frequency, an improved defence-in-depth approach is applied in order to comply with the EPR safety target: no stringent countermeasures should be necessary outside the immediate plant vicinity like evacuation, relocation or food control other than the first harvest in case of a severe accident. Design provisions eliminate energetic events and maintain the containment integrity and leak-tightness during the entire course of the accident. Based on scenarios that cover a broad range of physical phenomena and which provide a sound envelope of boundary conditions associated with each containment challenge, a selection of representative loads has been done, for which mitigation measures have to cope with. This paper presents the main critical threats and the approach used to mitigate those threats. (authors)
Azarian, G. [Framatome ANP SAS, Tour Areva, Place de la Coupole 92084 Paris la Defense (France); Kursawe, H.M.; Nie, M.; Fischer, M.; Eyink, J. [Framatome ANP GmbH, Freyeslebenstrasse, 1, D-91058 Erlangen (Germany); Stoudt, R.H. [Framatome ANP Inc. - 3315 Old Forest Rd, Lynchburgh, VA 24501 (United States)
Securing Infrastructure from High Explosive Threats
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is working with the Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate, the Transportation Security Administration, and several infrastructure partners to characterize and help mitigate principal structural vulnerabilities to explosive threats. Given the importance of infrastructure to the nation's security and economy, there is a clear need for applied research and analyses (1) to improve understanding of the vulnerabilities of these systems to explosive threats and (2) to provide decision makers with time-critical technical assistance concerning countermeasure and mitigation options. Fully-coupled high performance calculations of structural response to ideal and non-ideal explosives help bound and quantify specific critical vulnerabilities, and help identify possible corrective schemes. Experimental validation of modeling approaches and methodologies builds confidence in the prediction, while advanced stochastic techniques allow for optimal use of scarce computational resources to efficiently provide infrastructure owners and decision makers with timely analyses.
Glascoe, L; Noble, C; Reynolds, J; Kuhl, A; Morris, J
Israel, Iran, and the United States: A Precarious Alliance.
??The purpose of this work is to examine the relationship between Iran and Israel after Israel became a state in 1948 following the United Nations… (more)
Ellsworth, Roy J
Ökonomische und sicherheitspolitische Interessen am Beispiel der Iran-Sanktionen.
??Die Vereinten Nationen begegnen der Herausforderung, Konflikte zwischen der internationalen Gemeinschaft friedlich zu lösen, meist mit der Verhängung von Sanktionen. Auch im Fall Iran hat… (more)
Ramharter, Christina
The Culture of revolution: Revolutionary transformation in Iran.
??The current challenges to the authority of the Islamic Republic and mass demonstrations in opposition to the presidential elections of 2009 in Iran, have raised… (more)
Kojoori-Saatchi, Autoosa Elizabeth
Internet und Weblogs in der Islamischen Republik Iran.
??Welcher Spielraum existiert in der Islamischen Republik Iran für Meinungs- und Informationsfreiheit? Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung neuer digitaler Medien und… (more)
Krenner, Melanie
Nonproliferation, Nuclear Security, and the Insider Threat
Insider threat concept is evolving and getting more attention: (1) Domestically, internationally and in foreign countries, (2) At the government, academia, and industry levels, and (3) Public awareness and concerns are also growing. Negligence can be an insider's action. Technology advancements provide more opportunities, new tools for the insider. Our understanding of the insider is shaped by our cultural, social and ethnic perceptions and traditions. They also can limit our recognition of the issues and response actions.
Balatsky, Galya I. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Duggan, Ruth [SNL
Confronting Ego Threats with Reappraisal versus Rumination
of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Brandon Schmeichel Committee Members, Eddie Harmon-Jones Jeffrey Ackerman Head of Department, Les Morey May 2009 Major Subject: Psychology iii ABSTRACT... Confronting Ego Threats with Reappraisal versus Rumination. (May 2009) Ryan Caskey, B.A., University of Arizona Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Brandon Schmeichel Two experiments compared the effects of two cognitive responses (i.e., rumination...
Caskey, Ryan
Threat Analysis Framework | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartment of Energyof theRestorationAdvisoryManagement and on theofThreat Analysis
Iran som Atommagt - En Magt- og Sikkerhedsanalyse; Iran as a Nuclear Power - A Power and Security Analysis.
??Det internationale atomagentur (IAEA) mener, at Irans atomprogram i sidste ende har til formĺl at udvikle atomvĺben, og det internationale samfund fřlger tćt udviklingen i… (more)
Atli Larsen, Daniel
The Economics of Energy Independence for Iran
Iran has pursued an ambitious nuclear program with the declared goal of long-term energy independence. While this is a worthwhile and generally accepted national planning objective, it is clear that the nuclear program as now structured will not achieve it, and in fact may delay it by diverting capital and other resources from projects that would address pressing current energy sector problems and contribute to ultimate energy independence.
Wood, Thomas W.; Milazzo, Matthew D.; Reichmuth, Barbara A.; Bedell, Jeffrey J.
Future oil and gas: Can Iran deliver?
Iran`s oil and gas production and exports constitute the country`s main source of foreign exchange earnings. The future level of these earnings will depend on oil prices, global demand for Iranian exports, the country`s productive capability and domestic consumption. The size of Iranian oil reserves suggests that, in principle, present productive capacity could be maintained and expanded. However, the greatest share of production in coming years still will come from fields that already have produced for several decades. In spite of significant remaining reserves, these fields are not nearly as prolific as they were in their early years. The operations required for further development are now more complicated and, in particular, more costly. These fields` size also implies that improving production, and instituting secondary and tertiary recovery methods (such as gas injection), will require mega-scale operations. This article discusses future oil and gas export revenues from the Islamic Republic of Iran, emphasizing the country`s future production and commenting on the effects of proposed US sanctions.
Takin, M. [Centre for Global Energy Studies, London (United Kingdom)
Case Study: Iran, Islam, the NPT, and the Bomb
The goals of this case study are: (1) To examine the correlation between Iran's nuclear program and clerical statements; (2) To evaluate the importance of these statements; (3) To understand the relationship between policy and fatwas (Islamic decrees); (4) To address the issue of a 'nuclear fatwa'; and (5) To examine how, if at all, Sharia (Islamic law) has influenced Iran's actions or inactions with respect to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and Iran's adherence to its IAEA Safeguards Agreements and the Additional Protocol. The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter Iran) is one of two theocracies in the world, the second being Vatican City. Iran's government derives its constitutional, moral, and political legitimacy from Islam. As a result of this theocratic culture, rules are set and interpreted with a much different calibrator than that of the Western world. Islam affects all aspects of Iranian life. This is further complicated by the fact that Islam is not a nationalistic faith, in that many people all over the world believe in and adhere to Islamic principles. As a result, a political system that derives much of its fervor from being nationalistic is caught between two worlds, one within the land boundaries of Iran and the other within a faith that transcends boundaries. Thus, any understanding of Islamic law must first be understood within this delicate balance of nationalism and transcendence. Iran has found itself on the international stage concerning its nuclear program. Because Iran is a theocratic state, it is imperative to examine its political moves, speeches, rights, and obligations through the lens of Islam. This study will examine how Islam plays a role in Iran's dealing with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), its understanding of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), including parties obligations under Safeguards Agreements and the Additional Protocol, and also provide a recommendation on how to move forward in dealings with Iran based in part on an understanding of Islamic principles.
Saunders, E .
UN Security Council: Iran violating ban on nuclear weapons programs
UN Security Council: Iran violating ban on nuclear weapons programs 7 September 2011 Denouncement comes after International Atomic Energy Agency submits a report claiming Iran continues to make advances weaponization of its nuclear program. The United States, Germany, France and Britain joined forces in exposing
Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Block Cipher SQUARE Department of Information Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Abstract. SQUARE, an 8-round substitution-permutation block cipher
Escherichia coli: a brief review of diarrheagenic pathotypes and their role in diarrheal diseases in Iran
in Iran Jafari A1 , Aslani MM2* , Bouzari S1,3* 1 Molecular Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran. 2 Bacteriology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran. 3 National Escherichia coli, Aslani MM Address: Molecular Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran. National Escherichia coli Reference
The Frequency of DYT1 (GAG Deletion) Mutation in Primary Dystonia Patients from Iran
The Frequency of DYT1 (GAG Deletion) Mutation in Primary Dystonia Patients from Iran Mohammad Hamid. Molecular Medicine Division, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2. Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 3
Boyer, Edmond
Post-Disaster Reconstruction Models in the Asia Pacific: the cases of China, Iran and
Post-Disaster Reconstruction Models in the Asia Pacific: the cases of China, Iran and Myanmar Helen  Sichuan Earthquake 2008 Iran  Bam Earthquake 2003; Tabriz Earthquake 2012 Myanmar  Cyclone Nargis 2008 element in psycho-social recovery and reconstruction phase. #12;Iran Model Iran: Bam Earthquake 2003
Botea, Adi
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of EnergyThe Sun and Its EnergyMetalof Energy ThisThreat
Iran`s petroleum policy: Current trends and the future outlook
The Iranian economy and political situation have undergone radical changes since the 1979 Islamic revolution. The excesses of the early years of the revolution have gradually given way to moderation and a more pragmatic economic policy--based on the principles of the free market. The petroleum policy, as a subset of the economic policies, has been somewhat affected by the political and economic developments in Iran. The petroleum policy has changed from a position of no foreign participation to a position that includes a desire for foreign participation, the text of a model contract, and an attempt to introduce new technologies in the upstream sector. This report provides an overview of the key issues facing the Iranian oil industry and the economic context in which the oil industry is operating in Iran. It describes the evolution of policies meant to move the oil industry toward the free market; it discusses Iran`s oil trading partners, the outlook for refining and project investments, and current and likely future developments in the natural gas and petrochemical sectors. In short, the report provides an up-to-date assessment of the Iranian petroleum sector and its likely evolution in the future.
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Secretarial Succession, Threat Level Notification and Successor Tracking
The Order establishes the Secretarial Order of Succession pursuant to section 202(a) of the Department of Energy Organization Act, 42 U.S.C. 7132(a) and establishes a mechanism for tracking the locations of successors at various threat levels. Cancels DOE O 100.1D.
This order establishes the Secretarial Order of Succession in the Department of Energy pursuant to section 202(a) of the Department of Energy Organization Act, 42 U.S.C. 7132(a) and establish a mechanism for tracking the locations of successors at the various threat levels. Admin Chg, dated 9-13-2013, cancels DOE O 100.1E.
Threats from Climate Change to Terrestrial Vertebrate Hotspots in Europe
Threats from Climate Change to Terrestrial Vertebrate Hotspots in Europe Luigi Maiorano1 to extreme climates. Our results outline that the Mediterranean basin represents both an important hotspot change projected to occur over the coming decades, especially in the Mediterranean bioregion, posing
Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
Ecological factors and human threats both drive wildfowl population declines
; human population density. Correspondence Peter R. Long, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Africa and Asia. Second, we use phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether population size, globalEcological factors and human threats both drive wildfowl population declines P. R. Long1 , T. Sz
Mitigating the Risk of Insider Threats When Sharing
Mitigating the Risk of Insider Threats When Sharing Credentials by Muntaha NourEddin Qasem Alawneh Thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Information Security Security Group as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. This work has not been submitted
Sheldon, Nathan D.
Mission en Iran du 23 Aot au 6 septembre 2003 Michel Waldschmidt
Mission en Iran du 23 Août au 6 septembre 2003 Michel Waldschmidt Introduction. En août 2002 je (ICM 2002). Lors de cette Assemblée Générale à Shanghai j'ai rencontré les représentants de l'Iran, Le'Institute for Advanced Study in Basic Science (IASBS) de Zanjan, et qui m'a recommandé de profiter de mon voyage en Iran
141 L'IRAN ET LE "CROISSANT CHIITE": MYTHES, R�ALIT�S ET PROSPECTIVE Le recteur Gérard faire évoluer les rapports de force, plus particulièrement au Moyen-Orient, en faveur de l'Iran et, donc chiite ». Ce dernier, allant de l'Iran au Liban, comprendrait d'abord l'Irak post-Saddam, dont les
COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE CERTAINS MIELS DE L'IRAN I. �L�MENTS MIN�RAUX Chemische Zusammensetzung einiger Honige aus dem Iran L Mineralische Elemente Hassan EBRAHIMZADEH Farideh HAGHCHENASSE Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Téhéran, Téhéran, IRAN R�SUM� Les éléments majeurs
War by Proxy? De betrokkenheid van Iran bij de terreurbeweginen Hezbollah, Hamas en Palestijnse Islamitische Jihad.
??Op welke wijze is Iran vanaf 1979 tot heden betrokken geweest bij de terreurbewegingen Hezbollah, Palestijnse Islamitische Jihad en Hamas en is het terecht om… (more)
Soest, A. van
The security and foreign policy of the Islamic republic of Iran: An offensive realism perspective.
??This study argues that security and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is mainly driven by the main principles of the Offensive Realism… (more)
Prifti, Bledar
Exploring the Health Houses Network| Iran and Mississippi A Cross-sectional Qualitative study.
?? This study explores an Iranian healthcare delivery model, its implementation and outcomes in rural Iran as well as the planned deployment of this model… (more)
Martin, Sanaz
Framing Iran: The Islamic Revolution and the Green Movement as Told Through Time Magazine.
?? FRAMING IRAN: THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION AND THE GREEN MOVEMENT AS TOLD THROUGH TIME MAGAZINE by Nadia Maiwandi This framing analysis was conducted to study… (more)
Maiwandi, Nadia
A Content Analysis of Elite U.S. Newspapers' Coverage of Iran, 1979 and 2005.
??This study is a quantitative content analysis of the New York Times and Washington Post coverage of Iran during the period surrounding the Ayatollah Khomeini's… (more)
Kamal, Melissa
Outside influences and ruling Iran : the emergence of the rift with the West.
??Since the establishment of a united, Shi'a Persian empire in 1501 through to the overthrow of the last Shah in the Islamic Revolution, Iran and… (more)
Campbell, Alana
An Analysis of Residential Energy Intensity in Iran, A System Dynamics Approach
Abstract: substantial development of counties needs to use the resources in an efficient way. One indicator that shows the degree of efficient use of energy resources is energy intensity. Statistics show that Iran's energy intensity was in a bad situation during past years and if this manner of using energy resources continues, it will get worse.In this study a system dynamics approach is used to model changes of energy intensity in residential sector in Iran. By implementation and simulation of this model we found some reasons of this problem in Iran. Then we tried to introduce some policies to make steady improvement in energy intensity in the future. Keywords:
Mohamed M. Jamshidi
E-Print Network 3.0 - angola iran nigeria Sample Search Results
Safety and Risk Management 1600 Holloway Avenue, ADM 252 Summary: Columbia Cuba Egypt Ethiopia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia India Indonesia Iran Israel Jordan......
Higher prices or gasoline lines loom if Iran-Iraq war lasts into spring
Policies for dealing with the gasoline shortage caused by the Iran-Iraq war are predicted. Options for allocations of existing supplies are discussed. (PSB)
Madison, C.
E-Print Network 3.0 - area central iran Sample Search Results
, published by Praeger in 1991.,and RUSSIA,IRAN AND THE NUCLEAR QUESTION: THE PUTIN RECORD(US ... Source: Hanke-Bourgeois, Martin - Institut fr Mathematik, Johannes...
11196. Proposed by Mohammad Hossein Mehrabi, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Let A and B be real n n matrices. Show that if AB -BA is invertible and A2
11196. Proposed by Mohammad Hossein Mehrabi, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Let A and B be real n Ă? n matrices. Show that if AB - BA is invertible and A2 + B2 = 3(AB - BA
Heckman, Christopher Carl
Assessing world energy in the wake of the Iran/Iraq war: an oil shortage proves elusive. [Monograph
A reassessment of world energy supplies was made in the wake of curtailed exports during the Iran/Iraq war and the corresponding increase in world oil prices, the drop in oil consumption, the widening economic recession, and US decontrol of oil. The report concludes that present worldwide levels of oil production are adequate to satisfy projected levels of consumption through 1981. This leaves the world energy system in balance even if oil exports from Iran and Iraq remain at minimal levels for the year. Past overestimation of demand makes it more likely that this year's consumption will fall short of the projection. The way in which Saudi Arabia's output is cut will be the key to oil pricing in 1981, the authors feel, but the likely approach will be a gradual reduction in production that will allow the Saudis to regain control of OPEC. The effects of a receding demand for oil have been intensified by high US interest rates and the spreading recession. The effect of immediate decontrol of petroleum is likely to compound the trend for reduced consumption and a corresponding increase in efficiency. 2 figures, 2 tables.
Randol, W.L.; Verleger, P.K. Jr.; Clayman, M.
Notice of Intent to Develop DOE O 470.X, Insider Threat Program
The Order establishes top-level responsibilities and requirements for DOE's Insider Threat Program, which is intended to deter, detect, and mitigate insider threat actions by all Federal and contractor employees.
A threat-rigidity analysis of the Apache Software Foundation's response to reported server security issues
There exists a broad body of literature documenting organizational responses to competitive threats, including those responses which fit into the threat-rigidity hypothesis. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how ...
Shapira, Yoav
Middle East: Iran isn't missed much
A concerted effort to further develop productive capacity is evident in most Middle Eastern Countries, through exploration, field development, and secondary recovery. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Abu Dhabi all plan expanded petroleum industry programs in 1980. Oil production in Saudi Arabia through the first one-half of 1980 averaged 9.5 million bpd, and the Saudis are proceeding with the large-scale associated gas utilization and industrialization program. Iraq's near-term interest is in development of the Majnoon Discovery. Abu Dhabi is continuing efforts to complete development of a giant offshore field and finalize an onshore/offshore associated gas utilization facility. Only Iran and Kuwait are expected to be relatively inactive in petroleum programs during the remainder of 1980. Individual country reports are presented for Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Iran, Kuwait, the Divided Neutral Zone, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, Syria, Turkey, Israel, Jordan, South Yemen, and Yemen Arab Republic.
Energy policy in Iran: domestic choices and international implications
This book assesses energy-demand patterns, evaluates major energy supply sources, and recommends policy guidelines intended to comprise an integrated national energy plan for Iran. The book also provides some insights for other developing countries facing similar energy options and serves as a reminder that Iran, in addition to the strategic importance of its geography, remains a potential force in international energy markets. The general policy guidelines the author proposes are: (1) to expand domestic natural gas consumption; (2) promote the use of liquefied-petroleum gas where natural gas is unavailable; (3) cancel the nuclear power program; (4) develop hydropower resources; (5) prepare an inventory of oil and gas resources; (6) hold natural gas until world prices justify exporting surpluses; (7) encourage conservation; (8) expand electric power systems; (9) coordinate national planning; (10) monitor advanced energy-technology development; (11) expand manpower training; and (12) limit petrochemical programs until they are fully assessed. 41 tables.
Mossavar-Rahjmani, B.
Changing aspects of economic and family structures in Kal?rdasht, a district in Northern Iran, up to 1978
This thesis is offered as a contribution to the ethnography of Iran. As such it is concerned with the description of some aspects of the economic and familial life in Kalardasht, a mountainous district in the Caspian provinces of Iran...
Mir-Hosseini, Ziba
Judgment and Decision Making, Vol. 4, No. 7, December 2009, pp. 930933 Emerging sacred values: Iran's nuclear program
: Iran's nuclear program Morteza Dehghani1 , Rumen Iliev1 , Sonya Sachdeva1 , Scott Atran2 , Jeremy values, negotiation, Iran, nuclear ambitions, sanctions 1 Introduction At least since the end
International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion (IJFSE) Vol. 3 No.1 February 2013 Shabestar, I. R. Iran | 45
. Iran | 45 Int. J. Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2013 3(1): 45-53 ISSN 2251-6387 © February 2013, GHB's Journals, IJFSE, Shabestar, Iran Research Paper Short-term effects of site preparation practices
Mencuccini, Maurizio
MultiMulti--threat Containment withthreat Containment with Cooperative Autonomous AgentsCooperative Autonomous Agents
as Newtonian particles Quadratic APF (QAPF) · Simple yet does the job Three QAPFs · Moving toward the threats
Jay Yang, Shanchieh
Electric power restructuring in iran: achievements and challenges
Although the power market in Iran is not fully constructed, several key steps have been taken to meet privatization and restructuring objectives. The addition of a power exchange sector has placed the power market on par with that in other countries. Operational concerns that still need to be addressed include technical and non-technical losses, enhancing new investment, and providing incentives for introducing energy efficiency and promoting green power generation. (author)
Khosroshahi, Kaveh Aflaki; Jadid, Shahram; Shahidehpour, Mohammad
Oil products distribution in Iran: a planning approach
The significance of this study is that it examines the functions of the most important element in the public sector of the economy of Iran - the Ministry of Oil. Oil is the main source of Iran's foreign earnings and the commodity most crucial to the country's economy as its prime export. Furthermore, it plays a vital role in meeting domestic energy demands. The distribution of oil products affects, on the one hand, households, small businesses, and larger industries while, on the other, it affects the allocation, in general of other national resources. Accordingly, the effects of the Ministry of Oil's policies with regard to its production-distribution system cannot be overemphasized. The research entailed has elicited certain factors: The Ministry of Oil's present system suffers from a number of weaknesses in its production-distribution design. These deficiencies involved, among others, terminal location, number of terminals, assignment of terminals to customers, substitution of other major sources of energy for major oil products, the middle distillates problem, and an outmoded distribution method and techniques. This dissertation addresses alternatives that will eliminate faults in the present system. The approach and conclusions of this research have the potential of application to any type of industry in Iran - oil or otherwise, whether in the private or public sector - that has a similar intricate distribution-system design subject to similar variables.
Abrishami, H.
Uppermost mantle P wave velocities beneath Turkey and Iran
The uppermost mantle P wave velocities beneath Turkey and Iran were estimated by applying the conventional travel time-distance relation method to arrival times of well located earthquakes recorded at a few stations. The average uppermost mantle P wave velocity under Turkey is estimated from two stations of the World Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN), Istanbul and Tabriz. The data are consistent with a crust of uniform, but poorly determined, thickness and an uppermost mantle P wave velocity of 7.73 +- 0.08 km/s. This velocity is very similar to that for the Aegean Sea and suggests that its structure could be closely related to that beneath Turkey. For Iran, the results calculated from travel times to three WWSSN stations, Meshed, Shiraz, and Tabriz, can be explained by a crust dipping toward the south-southeast at about 1/sup 0/ with an uppermost mantle P wave velocity of 8.0 +- 0.1 km/s. If the crustal thickness were 34 km in the north it would reach about 49 km in the south. Based on these uppermost mantle velocities, the temperature at Moho beneath Turkey is probably close to the melting temperature of peridotite but that beneath Iran is probably lower.
Chen, C.; Chen, W.; Molnar, P.
Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction A, Vol. 32, No. A3 Printed in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2008
Republic of Iran, 2008 © Shiraz University DOSE RESPONSE OF IRRADIATED XRCT RADIOCHROMIC FILM* M. J. BUTSON
Yu, K.N.
Application of Machine Learning and Crowdsourcing to Detection of Cybersecurity Threats Application of Machine Learning and Crowdsourcing
Application of Machine Learning and Crowdsourcing to Detection of Cybersecurity Threats 1 Application of Machine Learning and Crowdsourcing to Detection of Cybersecurity Threats February 2011 Eugene of Cybersecurity Threats 2 Abstract We are applying machine learning and crowdsourcing to cybersecurity
Fink, Eugene
U.S. Strategic Options towards Iran: Understanding the U.S.–Iranian Relations through Iranian Domestic Politics
The ongoing nuclear negotiations between the P5+1 and Iran have made greater progress on more substantial issues than any previous talks. This report argues that Iran's unprecedented willingness to negotiate is strongly influenced by two factors: a...
Abernathy, Jacob; Blanco, David; Kingsley, Marlee; Kramer, Michael; Lopacka, Karolina; Mauel, Heather; Peacock, Mike; Stotts, Katherine; Varela, Marques; Young, Krysten
New Species of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from Isfahan Province of Iran and a Reanalysis of Other Iranian Species
New Species of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from Isfahan Province of Iran and a Reanalysis isfahanensis, is described from the Isfahan basin of Iran. It is distinguished from the other Iranian species in Iran. THE extant and extinct species of the killifish genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Cyprinodon- tiformes
Hrbek, Tomas - Department of Biology, Universidad de Puerto Rico
Judgment and Decision Making, Vol. 5, No. 7, December 2010, pp. 540546 Sacred values and conflict over Iran's nuclear program
over Iran's nuclear program Morteza Dehghani1 , Scott Atran2 , Rumen Iliev3 , Sonya Sachdeva3 , Douglas Research, New York, NY Abstract Conflict over Iran's nuclear program, which involves a US-led policy to impose sanctions on Iran, is perceived by each side as a preeminent challenge to its own national
Reber, Paul J.
Submitted to HuffingtonPost.com Obama's Iran Nuclear Deadline: A Grand Bargain is Still Possible if Both Sides
Submitted to HuffingtonPost.com Obama's Iran Nuclear Deadline: A Grand Bargain is Still Possible Obama and Secretary of State Clinton have promised "crippling" new sanctions will be imposed on Iran by year's end if Iran does not seriously engage in negotiations on its nuclear activities. Tehran clearly
The vertical separation of mainshock rupture and microseismicity at Qeshm island in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt, Iran
-and-thrust belt, Iran E. Nissen a, , F. Yamini-Fard b , M. Tatar b , A. Gholamzadeh b,1 , E. Bergman c , J Engineering and Seismology, PO Box 19395-3913, Tehran, Iran c Department of Physics, University of Colorado rights reserved. 1. Introduction The Zagros mountains in south-western Iran are one of the most rapidly
Elliott, John
U-Pb zircon geochronology of late NeoproterozoicEarly Cambrian granitoids in Iran: Implications for paleogeography, magmatism,
U-Pb zircon geochronology of late NeoproterozoicÂEarly Cambrian granitoids in Iran: Implications.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran b Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 of various dimensions are exposed in all continental tectonic zones of Iran. These rocks have traditionally
Shear-wave splitting, lithospheric anisotropy, and mantle deformation beneath the ArabiaEurasia collision zone in Iran
ÂEurasia collision zone in Iran Ayoub Kaviani a,b,c , Denis Hatzfeld c, , Anne Paul c , Mohammad Tatar b , Keith Priestley d a Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran b International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, P.O. Box 19395-3913, Tehran, Iran c
Stable isotope geochemistry of sulfur bearing minerals and clay mineralogy of some soils and sediments in Loot Desert, central Iran
and sediments in Loot Desert, central Iran M.H. Farpoor a, , H.R. Krouse b a Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar Univ. of Kerman, Kerman, Iran b Department of Physics and Astronomy, the Univ technique and clay mineralogy were studied in different landforms in Loot Desert, central Iran. Four
Ahmad, Sajjad
La escritora iran Chahla Chafiq participa en la UA en la presentacin del libro Hacia una democracia rabe
, August 2013. Internet Censorship in Iran: A First Look Simurgh Aryan Aryan Censorship Project aryan censorship in Iran based on network measurements conducted from a major Iranian ISP during the lead up Introduction Iran is known as one of the leading suppressors of Internet freedom. Reporters Without Borders
Escolano, Francisco
Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit
Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip (Iran) earth- quake using radar data from the Envisat satellite of the European Space Agency. Analysis. In this paper we report on deformation associated with the Mw6.5 Bam (Iran) earthquake determined using
Fialko, Yuri
Farmers' knowledge of IPM: A Case Study in the Zanjan Province in Iran (Karamidehkordi, E. and Hashemi, A.)
Farmers' knowledge of IPM: A Case Study in the Zanjan Province in Iran (Karamidehkordi, E IN IRAN Esmail Karamidehkordi*, Atefeh Hashemi** *Assistant Professor of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Email: firstname.lastname@example.com **Agricultural Extension
A Crude Threat :The Limits of an Iranian Missile Campaign against Saudi Arabian Oil
The United States and its Persian Gulf allies have been increasingly concerned with the growing size and complexity of Iran's ballistic missile programs. At a time when the United States and its allies remain locked in a ...
Itzkowitz Shifrinson, Joshua
Ghandi & Lin 1 Do Iran's Buy-Back Service Contracts Lead to Optimal Production?
countries' energy policies. Among the OPEC members, Iran, with 137.6 billion barrels of proven oil reserves.2 million barrels per day in 2030 (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2009). Meeting 2030 demand requires gas reserves after Russia.3 Iran's centerpiece of energy policies, enforced by the National Iranian
Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran)
Iran) based on organic petrography, geochemistry and basin modelling: implications for source rock1 Thermal maturity of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic Shemshak Group (Alborz Range, Northern Iran. Organic matter (OM) has been investigated using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, elemental analysis
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
To Appear in Middle East Economic Survey (MEES)-Op-Ed http://www.mees.com/cms/ China's Angst over Iran Sanctions
Iran Sanctions Beijing's go-it-alone oil security could fail during any U.S.-Iran conflict Thomas W O "targeted" sanctions on Iran's nuclear program. This is a significant change. For many years, China has fifty percent of its imported oil now comes from the Persian Gulf, and any U.S.-Iran clash could
Shirin Ebadi, received the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize for promoting human rights, in particular, the rights of women, children, and political prisoners in Iran. She
, the rights of women, children, and political prisoners in Iran. She was the first Muslim woman to receive one of the first female judges in Iran. She served as president of the city court of Tehran from 1975's Initiative, and the PeaceJam Foundation. She is the author of Refugee Rights in Iran (2008) and Iran
Akhmedov, Azer
Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2010, 4(2): 5660 A Nasiri et al.: Tick Infestation Rate of ... Short Communication
Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, 2010, 4(2): 56Â60 A Nasiri et al.: Tick Infestation Rate of ... 56 Province, Iran, 2007-2008 A Nasiri1 , *Z Telmadarraiy1 , H Vatandoost1 , S Chinikar2 , M Moradi2 , MA of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
S0june 2007State of the Climate in 2006 | of Iran were up to 8C cooler than normal during
S0june 2007State of the Climate in 2006 | of Iran were up to 8°C cooler than normal during December. Snow and cold weather penetrated north- ern Iran, with heavy rainfall in eastern and southern Iran, precipitation totals were normal to above normal in much of Iran during autumn 2006. (v) Significant weather
Cloning of fimH and fliC and expression of the fusion protein FimH/FliC from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated in Iran
Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated in Iran Asadi Karam MR, Oloomi M, Habibi M, Bouzari S* Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Received: March 2012, Accepted: May 2012 is one the most important infectious diseases in Iran that needs further consideration (4
Identification of threats using linguistics-based knowledge extraction.
One of the challenges increasingly facing intelligence analysts, along with professionals in many other fields, is the vast amount of data which needs to be reviewed and converted into meaningful information, and ultimately into rational, wise decisions by policy makers. The advent of the world wide web (WWW) has magnified this challenge. A key hypothesis which has guided us is that threats come from ideas (or ideology), and ideas are almost always put into writing before the threats materialize. While in the past the 'writing' might have taken the form of pamphlets or books, today's medium of choice is the WWW, precisely because it is a decentralized, flexible, and low-cost method of reaching a wide audience. However, a factor which complicates matters for the analyst is that material published on the WWW may be in any of a large number of languages. In 'Identification of Threats Using Linguistics-Based Knowledge Extraction', we have sought to use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and other similar text analysis techniques to map documents from the WWW, in whatever language they were originally written, to a common language-independent vector-based representation. This then opens up a number of possibilities. First, similar documents can be found across language boundaries. Secondly, a set of documents in multiple languages can be visualized in a graphical representation. These alone offer potentially useful tools and capabilities to the intelligence analyst whose knowledge of foreign languages may be limited. Finally, we can test the over-arching hypothesis--that ideology, and more specifically ideology which represents a threat, can be detected solely from the words which express the ideology--by using the vector-based representation of documents to predict additional features (such as the ideology) within a framework based on supervised learning. In this report, we present the results of a three-year project of the same name. We believe these results clearly demonstrate the general feasibility of an approach such as that outlined above. Nevertheless, there are obstacles which must still be overcome, relating primarily to how 'ideology' should be defined. We discuss these and point to possible solutions.
Chew, Peter A.
Dependent capitalist accumulation in an oil-producing nation: Iran
Theoretical and empirical analysis of underdevelopment has remained significantly limited with respect to the oil-producing nations of the Middle East. This study points out reasons for such shortcomings and then goes on to advance the analysis of the region. The theoretical framework of the study is based on a critical evaluation of the dependency model from a Marxist perspective. More specifically, the study delves into the analysis of underdevelopment in Iran by focusing on the dynamics of change in the country since the turn of the nineteenth century. The forces of change in Iran are seen to be the consequence of such external pressure on the one hand and internal resistance to it on the other. This resistance is analyzed in terms of the country's social class structure and its changing formation. The focus of the study, however, is on the fundamental class nature of change in Iran since the development of dependent capitalism began in the early 1960s. The study recognizes the interests of the United States as the single outside force most directly related to the formation of the Shah's regime as a repressive client state: the most-significant impetus for change in the country since 1963. Analyzed in detail are the economic changes of this period and the rising social and political contradictions which were the inevitable consequence of this process. The central feature of these contradictions is recognized as the promotion of capitalist relations of production motivated by the preservation of the political control of the Shah's regime. It is precisely in this context that the uprising of 1979, its success in overthrowing the Shah's regime, and its failure in maintaining a domocratic revolutionary process is discussed.
Zavareei, M.
A conceptual national plan for outdoor recreation in Iran
, the construction of Amir Kab1r (Karaj), Shahbanou Farah (Sef1d Rud) Mohammad Reza Shah (Dez) and Faranhnaz (Latian) dams have resulted in the creation of four large artificial lakes. Th1s in turn has led to the activities of water skiing and boating in Iran... is humid and subtrop1cal in character, while the interior deserts have hot dry summers and cold dry winters. TABLE 2 IRANIAN DANS AND CAPACITIES Name of Dam Reservoir ca acit million cu. m. A) 8) Dams already built Mohammad Reza Shah Empress Farah...
Saaidi-Ashtiani, Hossein
Safeguards Evaluation Method for evaluating vulnerability to insider threats
As protection of DOE facilities against outsiders increases to acceptable levels, attention is shifting toward achieving comparable protection against insiders. Since threats and protection measures for insiders are substantially different from those for outsiders, new perspectives and approaches are needed. One such approach is the Safeguards Evaluation Method. This method helps in assessing safeguards vulnerabilities to theft or diversion of special nuclear meterial (SNM) by insiders. The Safeguards Evaluation Method-Insider Threat is a simple model that can be used by safeguards and security planners to evaluate safeguards and proposed upgrades at their own facilities. The method is used to evaluate the effectiveness of safeguards in both timely detection (in time to prevent theft) and late detection (after-the-fact). The method considers the various types of potential insider adversaries working alone or in collusion with other insiders. The approach can be used for a wide variety of facilities with various quantities and forms of SNM. An Evaluation Workbook provides documentation of the baseline assessment; this simplifies subsequent on-site appraisals. Quantitative evaluation is facilitated by an accompanying computer program. The method significantly increases an evaluation team's on-site analytical capabilities, thereby producing a more thorough and accurate safeguards evaluation.
Al-Ayat, R.A.; Judd, B.R.; Renis, T.A.
A Risk Management Approach to the "Insider Threat"
Abstract Recent surveys indicate that the financial impact and operating losses due to insider intrusions are increasing. But these studies often disagree on what constitutes an insider; indeed, many define it only implicitly. In theory, appropriate selection of, and enforcement of, properly specified security policies should prevent legitimate users from abusing their access to computer systems, information, and other resources. However, even if policies could be expressed precisely, the natural mapping between the natural language expression of a security policy, and the expression of that policy in a form that can be implemented on a computer system or network, creates gaps in enforcement. This paper defines insider precisely, in terms of these gaps, and explores an access-based model for analyzing threats that include those usually termed insider threats. This model enables an organization to order its resources based on the business value for that resource and of the information it contains. By identifying those users with access to high-value resources, we obtain an ordered list of users who can cause the greatest amount of damage. Concurrently with this, we examine psychological indicators in order to determine which users are at the greatest risk of acting inappropriately.We conclude by examining how to merge this model with one of forensic logging and auditing.
Bishop, Matt; Engle, Sophie J.; Frincke, Deborah A.; Gates, Carrie; Greitzer, Frank L.; Peisert, Sean; Whalen, Sean
ans cette puissance rgio-qu'est l'Iran, les don-
EDITORIAL ans cette puissance régio- nale1 qu'est l'Iran, les don- nées démographiques met- tent en diversité ethnique et religieuse d'un pays qui passe souvent pour homogène. En effet, les périphéries de l'Iran majorité perse. � l'extrême sud-est, le peuplement de l'Iran comprend des baloutches (Province du Sistan
Iran sets sights on 5 million b/d of crude
This paper reports that Iran, currently producing 3.2 million b/d of oil, has set a production target of 5 million b/d by March 1994. On the way to that target Iran's oil flow will climb to 4 million b/d by March 1993, says A. Moshtaqhian, director of exploration and production for National Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC). With oil reserves of about 100 million bbl, Iran will find it easy to increase productive capacity, Moshtaqhian told the Gulf Oil and Politics publication.
Thtres de Perse et d'Iran : aperu gnral ve FEUILLEBOIS-PIERUNEK
1 Théâtres de Perse et d'Iran : aperçu général �ve FEUILLEBOIS-PIERUNEK Sorbonne Nouvelle  Paris 3, UMR 7528 « Mondes iranien et indien » L'Iran possède à la fois un théâtre rituel encore très vivace siècle, ne doit rien à l'Occident. La question de l'existence d'un théâtre indigène en Iran s
How ORISE is Making a Difference: Preparing for the Threat of...
Amber Waves ORISE coordinates tabletop exercise to help agencies prepare for the threat of dirty bombs Radiological dispersion devices (RDDs), also known as dirty bombs, are...
Because It's Not There: Verbal Visuality and the Threat of Graphics in Interactive Fiction
of the power of computer graphics, text still has access tothat are unavailable in graphics – including visual effects.Visuality and the Threat of Graphics in Interactive Fiction
Kashtan, Aaron
Transitions in domestic architecture and home culture in twentieth century Iran
This dissertation explores the transformation of the Iranian home in twentieth century Iran. While surveying the socio political underpinnings and aesthetic ends of domesticity in Iranian culture from the early twentieth ...
Karimi, Z. Pamela (Zahra Pamela)
U.S. Public Diplomacy toward Iran: Structures, Actors, and Policy Communities.
??This dissertation is an in depth study of the structures, actors, and policy communities associated with U.S. public diplomacy toward Iran. Since 2006, the U.S.… (more)
Izadi, Foad
Correspondences: A personal photographic journey between past/Iran and present/Australia.
??This project is an autobiographical photography series entitled: Correspondences; A personal photographic journey between past/Iran and present/Australia. This series of photographs are partly influenced by… (more)
Javan, Katayoun
The ties that bind : Iran and Hamas' principal-agent relationship.
??The evolution of the Iran-Hamas relationship can be mapped using Principal-Agent analysis. It is a cost-benefit approach based on rational choice theory. In contrast to… (more)
Thomson, Amy
System transferability of public hospital facility management between Germany and Iran.
??The subject of this PhD-thesis is the transferability of Facility Management (FM) by using the example of hospitals in Germany and Iran. The intention is… (more)
Banedj-Schafii, Mandana
Climate change is one of the greatest threats facing us today. CICERO's mission
Climate change is one of the greatest threats facing us today. CICERO's mission is to provide reliable and comprehensive knowledge about all aspects of the climate change problem. Foto: Scanpix #12;Climate change is one of the greatest threats facing us today. CICERO's mission is to provide reliable
Johansen, Tom Henning
Review and Evaluation of Security Threats on the Communication Networks in the Smart Grid
Review and Evaluation of Security Threats on the Communication Networks in the Smart Grid Zhuo Lu Park, NC 27709 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract--The smart grid, generally referred in the smart grid. In this paper, we aim at classifying and evaluating the security threats
Wang, Wenye
Damage Threats and Response of Final Optics for Laser-Fusion Power Plants
Damage Threats and Response of Final Optics for Laser-Fusion Power Plants M. S. Tillack1 , S. A the various damage threats and also provides nominal goals for a power plant. These goals are driven-1597 The final optics for laser-IFE (inertial fusion energy) power plants will be exposed to a variety of damage
Tillack, Mark
Evaluation of Horizontal Seismic Hazard of Shahrekord, Iran
This paper presents probabilistic horizontal seismic hazard assessment of Shahrekord, Iran. It displays the probabilistic estimate of Peak Ground Horizontal Acceleration (PGHA) for the return period of 75, 225, 475 and 2475 years. The output of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is based on peak ground acceleration (PGA), which is the most common criterion in designing of buildings. A catalogue of seismic events that includes both historical and instrumental events was developed and covers the period from 840 to 2007. The seismic sources that affect the hazard in Shahrekord were identified within the radius of 150 km and the recurrence relationships of these sources were generated. Finally four maps have been prepared to indicate the earthquake hazard of Shahrekord in the form of iso-acceleration contour lines for different hazard levels by using SEISRISK III software.
Amiri, G. Ghodrati [Iran University of Science and Technology--Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Narmak, Tehran 16846 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Dehkordi, M. Raeisi [Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Amrei, S. A. Razavian [College of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Kamali, M. Koohi [Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Novel Threat-risk Index Using Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Human Reliability Analysis - Final Report
In support of a national need to improve the current state-of-the-art in alerting decision makers to the risk of terrorist attack, a quantitative approach employing scientific and engineering concepts to develop a threat-risk index was undertaken at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). As a result of this effort, a set of models has been successfully integrated into a single comprehensive model known as Quantitative Threat-Risk Index Model (QTRIM), with the capability of computing a quantitative threat-risk index on a system level, as well as for the major components of the system. Such a threat-risk index could provide a quantitative variant or basis for either prioritizing security upgrades or updating the current qualitative national color-coded terrorist threat alert.
George A. Beitel
Trends of population radiation adsorbed dose from diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in Iran: 1985-1989
In view of the rapid expansion of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in Iran, this study was undertaken to examine trends of nuclear medicine practice in the country and to determine the mean effective dose equivalent per patient and per capita. Comprehensive national data covering 93% of all nuclear medicine centers in 1985-1989 were obtained. The total number of nuclear medicine examinations inc teased by 42% during these years. The relative frequency of thyroid investigations was 84% followed by liver/spleen and bone procedures (7% and 6%, respectively). {sup 99m}Tc was the radionuclide of choice for 86% of investigation while {sup 131}I alone accounted for 59% of collective effective dose equivalent. The annual average number of nuclear medicine procedures per 1,000 people was 1.9. For the thyroid, the highest number (48%) of patients investigated was in the 15-29 y age group and the lowest (3%) was in the >64 y age group. The male to female ratio of thyroid and cardiac patient was 0.18 and 3.64, respectively. The numbers of males and females studied for the remaining eight procedures were less frequent and about the same. The mean effective dose equivalent per patient and per capita was about 4.3 mSv and 8 {mu}Sv, respectively. {sup 131}I was responsible for most of collective effective dose equivalent produced by nuclear medicine. Therefore, future efforts should be concentrated on dose reduction for diagnostic {sup 131}I tests.
Mohammadi, H.; Tabeie, F.; Saghari, M. [Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Insider Threat - Material Control and Accountability Mitigation (Presentation)
Why is the insider a concern? There are many documented cases of nuclear material available for sale - there are more insider diversions than outsider attacks and more than 18 documented cases of theft or loss of plutonium or highly enriched uranium. Insider attributes are: have access, has authority, possesses knowledge, works with absence of timeline, can test system, and may act alone or support a team. Material control and accountability (MC&A) is an essential part of an integrated safeguards system. Objectives of MC&A are: (1) Ongoing confirmation of the presence of special nuclear material (SNM) in assigned locations; (2) Prompt investigation of anomalies that may indicate a loss of SNM; (3) Timely and localized detection of loss, diversion, or theft of a goal quantity; (4) Rapid assessment and response to detection alarms; and (5) Timely generation of information to aid in the recovery of SNM in the event of an actual loss, diversion, or theft from the purview of the MC&A system. Control and accountability of material, equipment, and data are essential to minimizing insider threats.
Powell, Danny H [ORNL] [ORNL; Elwood Jr, Robert H [ORNL] [ORNL
Regional Impact of an Elevated Heat Source: The Zagros Plateau of Iran BENJAMIN F. ZAITCHIK, JASON P. EVANS, AND RONALD B. SMITH
Regional Impact of an Elevated Heat Source: The Zagros Plateau of Iran BENJAMIN F. ZAITCHIK, JASON in the north, the Taurus Moun- tains of Turkey, and the Zagros Plateau in Iran. Inter- secting atmospheric
Evans, Jason
Nuclear Waste Reduction
Nuclear Waste Reduction Pyroprocessing is a promising technology for recycling used nuclear fuel and improving the associated waste management options. The process...
The National Nuclear Security Administration Global Threat Reduction Initiative's Contract Administration, OAS-L-12-01
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of EnergyThe Energy Department Feeds11,Industrial Sector,T T H H E E N
Extended Abstracts of the 38th Iranian International Conference on Mathematics 3-6 September 2007, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, pp 377-379
, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, pp 377-379 ACCEPTING MORE GENERAL FORMS OF QBFS MOHAMMAD GHASEMZADEH1
Weske, Mathias
Iran cannot have claimed to be building a thermonuclear reactor -To build a thermonuclear reactor by its own efforts is a task absolutely beyond Iran's
Iran cannot have claimed to be building a thermonuclear reactor - expert To build a thermonuclear misunderstood." Work to create a thermonuclear reactor has been pursued in all leading countries for several experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER in France. The project involves the European Union, America, Russia
The Shia/Sunni Cold War: A US Strategy and Saudi Illusion Back in February, Iran's president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, claimed that the United
The Shia/Sunni Cold War: A US Strategy and Saudi Illusion Back in February, Iran's president portion of the higher ground. Of all the regional powers, Iran has contributed least, rhetorically sectarianism. By whipping up fear of Iran on the back of an energised Shia revival, the Saudis justify
The 3-stage evolution of the Angouran Zn "oxide"-sulfide deposit, Iran Fakultt Chemie, Technische Universitt Mnchen, Germany email@example.com
The 3-stage evolution of the Angouran Zn "oxide"-sulfide deposit, Iran H.A. Gilg Fakultät firstname.lastname@example.com F. Moore Geological Department, University Shiraz, Iran firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: Angouran, Iran, sulfide, MVT, smithsonite, hypogene, supergene ABSTRACT: The giant Angouran Zn-Pb deposit (Zanjan
Boni, Maria
A program for reducing teacher's resistance to changes in curriculum in centralized education systems. An experience on changes of mathematics text books in Iran based on distinction results.
systems. An experience on changes of mathematics text books in Iran based on distinction results. Zohreh systems are prepared from an upper-stream reference and hand over teachers' disposal . Curricula in Iran as Polya had said. And so curricula developers in Iran tried to integrate Polya's method in math books
Spagnolo, Filippo
ArchiveofSID Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 18(2): 139-149 (2007) http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir
ArchiveofSID Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 18(2): 139-149 (2007) http the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in Southwestern Iran B. Darvishzad,1,* E. Ghasemi-Nejad,2 S. Ghourchaei,2 and G of Iran 2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic
Keller, Gerta
Exhumation History of the Alam Kuh Area, Central Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran: Implications for Caspian subsidence and Collision-Related Tectonics
Exhumation History of the Alam Kuh Area, Central Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran: Implications, University of Tehran, Iran Abstract. Crystallization and thermal histories of two plutons in the northwestern Alborz (also Elburz, Elburs) Mountains, northern Iran were obtained by U/Pb, 40 Ar/39 Ar, and (U
California at Los Angeles, University of
43. Zur aktuellen Situation von Apis mel-lifera meda im Iran. K Bienefeld 1, GH Tah-K Bienefeld1 , GH Tah-
43. Zur aktuellen Situation von Apis mel- lifera meda im Iran. K Bienefeld 1, GH Tah-K Bienefeld1, Iran; 3 Institut fĂĽr Bienenkunde, Karl-von- Frisch-Weg 2, D-61440 Oberursel, Deutsch- land) Bis zu den in Iran Up to the political changes in 1979, many queens (Midnight and Starline hybrids) were imported
Distribution of the right-lateral strikeslip motion from the Main Recent Fault to the Kazerun Fault System (Zagros, Iran): Evidence from present-day GPS velocities
Fault System (Zagros, Iran): Evidence from present-day GPS velocities F. Tavakoli a,b , A. Walpersdorf a Center, Meraj Ave. Azadi Sq., P.O.Box 13185-1684, Tehran, Iran c CEREGE, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille-3 Institute for Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, P.O. Box 19395/3913, Tehran, Iran e Institut de
Pn Tomographic Velocity and Anisotropy beneath the Iran Region by Yan L, Bin Liu, Shunping Pei, Youshun Sun, M. Nafi Toksz, and Xiangfang Zeng
Short Note Pn Tomographic Velocity and Anisotropy beneath the Iran Region by Yan LĂĽ, Bin Liu and anisotropy models of the upper- most mantle beneath the Iran region. A total of 74,375 Pn phase readings from). The tomography results show some interesting anomalies. The average Pn velocity under the Iran region
Sun, Youshun
34.07.99.M0.02 Bomb Threat Procedures Page 1 of 3 STANDARD ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
34.07.99.M0.02 Bomb Threat Procedures Page 1 of 3 STANDARD ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 34.07.99.M0 4, 2016 Standard Administrative Procedure Statement Any and all bomb threats are regarded seriously. 2. ADDITIONAL NOTIFICATION AND EVALUATION 2.1 Upon receipt of a bomb threat to a particular building
arXiv:heplat/0610083v1 Hadron and Lepton School and Conference, Tehran, Iran, May 19th 2006 1
arXiv:hepÂlat/0610083v1 13 Oct 2006 Hadron and Lepton School and Conference, Tehran, Iran, May 19th, Iran, May 19th 2006 L (a) (b) L # Figure 1: Two potentially relevant graphs to the h#22;qqi
Lunds Universitet,
Huge natural gas reserves central to capacity work, construction plans in Iran
Questions about oil production capacity in Iran tend to mask the country's huge potential as a producer of natural gas. Iran is second only to Russia in gas reserves, which National Iranian Gas Co. estimates at 20.7 trillion cu m. Among hurdles to Iran's making greater use of its rich endowment of natural gas are where and how to sell gas not used inside the country. The marketing logistics problem is common to other Middle East holders of gas reserves and a reason behind the recent proliferation of proposals for pipeline and liquefied natural gas schemes targeting Europe and India. But Iran's challenges are greater than most in the region. Political uncertainties and Islamic rules complicate long-term financing of transportation projects and raise questions about security of supply. As a result, Iran has remained mostly in the background of discussions about international trade of Middle Eastern gas. The country's huge gas reserves, strategic location, and existing transport infrastructure nevertheless give it the potential to be a major gas trader if the other issues can be resolved. The paper discusses oil capacity plans, gas development, gas injection for enhanced oil recovery, proposals for exports of gas, and gas pipeline plans.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 84 (2001) 120 Economic and environmental threats of alien plant,
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 84 (2001) 1Â20 Economic and environmental threats of alien. Precise economic costs associated with some of the most ecologically damaging alien species; Animals; Alien; Economic; Ecology; Environment; Agriculture; Non-indigenous 1. Introduction Quantifying
California at Berkeley, University of
Effects of Threats to Self-Esteem and Goal Orientation on Asking for Help.
??This paper studied whether threats to self-esteem and goal orientation affected an individual?s propensity to ask for help. Eighty-two undergraduate students from the University of… (more)
Chung, Andrew
Anomaly metrics to differentiate threat sources from benign sources in primary vehicle screening.
Discrimination of benign sources from threat sources at Port of Entries (POE) is of a great importance in efficient screening of cargo and vehicles using Radiation Portal Monitors (RPM). Currently RPM's ability to distinguish these radiological sources is seriously hampered by the energy resolution of the deployed RPMs. As naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) are ubiquitous in commerce, false alarms are problematic as they require additional resources in secondary inspection in addition to impacts on commerce. To increase the sensitivity of such detection systems without increasing false alarm rates, alarm metrics need to incorporate the ability to distinguish benign and threat sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering technique were implemented in the present study. Such techniques were investigated for their potential to lower false alarm rates and/or increase sensitivity to weaker threat sources without loss of specificity. Results of the investigation demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity in discriminating benign sources from threat sources.
Cohen, Israel Dov; Mengesha, Wondwosen
Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus (2010 JGI User Meeting)
Steve Moose from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the Energy Biosciences Institute on "Tackling the Triple-Threat Genome of Miscanthus x giganteus" on March 25, 2010 at the 5th Annual DOE JGI User Meeting
Moose, Steve
CERNA WORKING PAPER SERIES Spatial price homogeneity as a mechanism to reduce the threat of
district heating sector in 2007, confirms the theoretical predictions. Keywords: regulatory threat, district heating, Sweden JEL Classification: L12, L21, L51, L97 hal-00659458,version1-12Jan2012 #12;2 1
A unified framework for trajectory planning, threat assessment, and semi-autonomous control of passenger vehicles
This thesis describes the design of an active safety framework that performs trajectory planning, threat assessment, and semi-autonomous control of passenger vehicles in hazard avoidance scenarios. The vehicle navigation ...
Anderson, Sterling J., Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Worry grows as Iran/Iraq war lingers
Despite the Iran/Iraq war and the prospect of greater disruption of Persian Gulf oil deliveries, the international crude market has adjusted to the loss of supplies and remains stable, partly because some nonwarring members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have boosted production to make up losses and partly because the industrialized nations have maintained high levels of crude and product stocks. These stocks would be draw-depleted in nine months if used at the rate of 1.8 million bbl/day; this and a 2 million bbl/day increase in OPEC production would make up for the entire war-caused shortfall. If the Strait of Hormuz were closed, the shortfall would be 17 million bbl/day, which would deplete stocks in less than one month. Patterns of supply and demand in non-Communist western countries in 1978-79 and 1979-80; the International Energy Agency oil-sharing plan which would go into effect in the case of a major oil shortage; and the prospects for a surge in prices in the international oil markets, are discussed.
Thermal insulation standards for residential building envelopes in Iran
This project develops thermal-insulation standards for residential-building envelopes in Iran which would later serve as the groundwork for development of thermal-insulation regulations in the country. The energy performance of the opaque components of present common construction systems was studied. The results clearly indicate the need for improvement of the energy performance of building components through the application of thermal insulation. The initial cost of insulating the building varied from 2.0-3.5% of the total construction cost, depending on the climate location, form and size of the building. Discounted pay-back period ranged from two to four years. Component performance standards were developed with prescriptive recommendations to meet with the level of technical skills of the parties involved in the implementation and control of standards. The macro-economic assessment of insulation standards proves annual savings of billions of Rials on the national level and also the creation of more jobs in construction-related industries.
Eslami, H.M.
Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran
Pollution and health risks generated by improper solid waste management are important issues concerning environmental management in developing countries. In most cities, the use of open dumps is common for the disposal of wastes, resulting in soil and water resource contamination by leachate in addition to odors and fires. Solid waste management infrastructure and services in developing countries are far from achieving basic standards in terms of hygiene and efficient collection and disposal. This paper presents an overview of current municipal solid waste management in Rasht city, Gilan Province, Iran, and provides recommendations for system improvement. The collected data of different MSW functional elements were based on data from questionnaires, visual observations of the authors, available reports and several interviews and meetings with responsible persons. Due to an increase in population and changes in lifestyle, the quantity and quality of MSW in Rasht city has changed. Lack of resources, infrastructure, suitable planning, leadership, and public awareness are the main challenges of MSW management of Rasht city. However, the present situation of solid waste management in this city, which generates more than 400 tons/d, has been improved since the establishment of an organization responsible only for solid waste management. Source separation of wastes and construction of a composting plant are the two main activities of the Rasht Municipality in recent years.
Alavi Moghadam, M.R. [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Mokhtarani, N. [Jahesh Kimia Company, No. 26, Sadeghi St., Azadi Avenue, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com; Mokhtarani, B. [Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center, P.O. Box 14335-186 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com
Project Programming and Commissioning as a Risk Mitigation and Threat Analysis Tool
procedures and 2 Jeff Schantz, AIA Director of Science and Technology Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum speaking on the benefits of Risk Threat Analysis in the commissioning process for Biological Defense and First Response Facilities. ICEBO2006, Shenzhen...?s lifecycle. Prior risk mitigation procedures typically focused on the physical aspects of a project and a process to protect function and cost. In today?s world, the risk to the project from naturally occurring environmental threats (weather...
Weiss, M. L.
Detection and Analysis of Threats to the Energy Sector: DATES
This report summarizes Detection and Analysis of Threats to the Energy Sector (DATES), a project sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and performed by a team led by SRI International, with collaboration from Sandia National Laboratories, ArcSight, Inc., and Invensys Process Systems. DATES sought to advance the state of the practice in intrusion detection and situational awareness with respect to cyber attacks in energy systems. This was achieved through adaptation of detection algorithms for process systems as well as development of novel anomaly detection techniques suited for such systems into a detection suite. These detection components, together with third-party commercial security systems, were interfaced with the commercial Security Information Event Management (SIEM) solution from ArcSight. The efficacy of the integrated solution was demonstrated on two testbeds, one based on a Distributed Control System (DCS) from Invensys, and the other based on the Virtual Control System Environment (VCSE) from Sandia. These achievements advance the DOE Cybersecurity Roadmap [DOE2006] goals in the area of security monitoring. The project ran from October 2007 until March 2010, with the final six months focused on experimentation. In the validation phase, team members from SRI and Sandia coupled the two test environments and carried out a number of distributed and cross-site attacks against various points in one or both testbeds. Alert messages from the distributed, heterogeneous detection components were correlated using the ArcSight SIEM platform, providing within-site and cross-site views of the attacks. In particular, the team demonstrated detection and visualization of network zone traversal and denial-of-service attacks. These capabilities were presented to the DistribuTech Conference and Exhibition in March 2010. The project was hampered by interruption of funding due to continuing resolution issues and agreement on cost share for four months in 2008. This resulted in delays in finalizing agreements with commercial partners, and in particular the Invensys testbed was not installed until December 2008 (as opposed to the March 2008 plan). The project resulted in a number of conference presentations and publications, and was well received when presented at industry forums. In spite of some interest on the part of the utility sector, we were unfortunately not able to engage a utility for a full-scale pilot deployment.
Alfonso Valdes
This paper briefly summarizes the series in which we consider the possibilities for losing, or compromising, key capabilities of the U.S. nuclear force in the face of modernization and reductions. The first of the three papers takes an historical perspective, considering capabilities that were eliminated in past force reductions. The second paper is our attempt to define the needed capabilities looking forward in the context of the current framework for force modernization and the current picture of the evolving challenges of deterrence and assurance. The third paper then provides an example for each of our undesirable outcomes: the creation of roach motels, box canyons, and wrong turns.
Swegle, J.; Tincher, D.
Mineralogical Characteristics of Specimens of a Meteorwrong Fall from NW Iran
In the early hours of October 22, 2011, people of a small town in NW Iran, called Khameneh (38{\\deg}11'47" N, 45{\\deg}38'14" E) noticed sounds of some colliding objects to home roofs and yard floors. Mineralogical investigations revealed the terrestrial and man-made origin of these stony samples.
Estimation of height-dependent solar irradiation and application to the solar climate of Iran
An explicitly height-dependent model has been used to estimate the solar irradiation over Iran which has a vast range of altitudes. The parameters of the model have been chosen on general grounds and not by parameters best fitting to any of the available measured irradiation data in Iran. The estimated global solar irradiation on the horizontal surface shows a very good agreement (4.1% deviation) with the 17-year long pyranometric measurements in Tehran, and also, is in good agreement with other, shorter available measured data. The entire data base of the Iranian meteorological stations have been used to establish a simple relation between the sunshine duration records and the cloud cover reports which can be utilized in solar energy estimations for sites with no sunshine duration recorders. Clear sky maps of Iran for direct solar irradiation on tracking, horizontal, and south-facing vertical planes are presented. The global solar irradiation map for horizontal surface with cloudiness is zoned into four irradiation zones. In about four-fifths of the land in Iran, the annual-mean daily global solar irradiation on horizontal surface ranges from 4.5 to 5.4 kWh/m[sup 2].
Samimi, J. (Sharif Univ of Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of))
Economics of Grade Reduction
A Study of the General Principles of the Economics to Be Effected By the Reduction of Grades, the Elimination of Rise and Fall and Curvature, and the Bettering of the Other Physical Condition on the ST. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Lines....
Neff, Paul J.
Assessing the integrity of local area network materials accountability systems against insider threats
DOE facilities rely increasingly on computerized systems to manage nuclear materials accountability data and to protect against diversion of nuclear materials or other malevolent acts (e.g., hoax due to falsified data) by insider threats. Aspects of modern computerized material accountability (MA) systems including powerful personal computers and applications on networks, mixed security environments, and more users with increased knowledge, skills and abilities help heighten the concern about insider threats to the integrity of the system. In this paper, we describe a methodology for assessing MA applications to help decision makers identify ways of and compare options for preventing or mitigating possible additional risks from the insider threat. We illustrate insights from applying the methodology to local area network materials accountability systems.
Jones, E.; Sicherman, A.
Comprehensive test ban treaty international monitoring system security threats and proposed security attributes
To monitor compliance with a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), a sensing network, referred to as the International Monitoring System (IMS), is being deployed. Success of the IMS depends on both its ability to preform its function and the international community`s confidence in the system. To ensure these goals, steps must be taken to secure the system against attacks that would undermine it; however, it is not clear that consensus exists with respect to the security requirements that should be levied on the IMS design. In addition, CTBT has not clearly articulated what threats it wishes to address. This paper proposes four system-level threats that should drive IMS design considerations, identifies potential threat agents, and collects into one place the security requirements that have been suggested by various elements of the IMS community. For each such requirement, issues associated with the requirement are identified and rationale for the requirement is discussed.
Draelos, T.J.; Craft, R.L.
Landmarks of the Persian Renaissance : monumental funerary architecture in Iran and Central Asia in the tenth and eleventh centuries
This dissertation investigates the sudden proliferation of mausolea in Iran and Central Asia in the tenth and eleventh centuries and how their patrons, who were secular rulers of Iranian descent, drew on the pre-Islamic ...
Michailidis, Melanie
India Walking a Tightrope : A case study of the U.S. influence on India's policies towards Iran.
??In this thesis I have investigated the degree of U.S. influence on India's room of manoeuvre with regard to Iran. India has several incentives to… (more)
Dufva, Inger Elise Houge
Cultivat(ing) modernities : the Society for National Heritage, political propaganda and public architecture in twentieth-century Iran
Beginning in 1922, under the auspices of the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran, the tombs of selected historical figures were systematically destroyed to make way for modern mausoleums erected as metaphors for an "Aryan" nation in ...
Grigor, Talinn, 1972-
Evidence-based spatial intervention for regeneration of deteriorating urban areas, a case of study from Tehran, Iran
Throughout the urban development process over the last seven decades in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, many self-generated neighbourhoods have developed in which the majority of the residents are low-income families. ...
Rismanchian, Omid
Iran and the Boomeranging Cartoon Wars: Can Public Spheres At Risk Ally With Public Spheres Yet to be Achieved?
Twelve cartoons, published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten in September 2005, nine cartoons published in the Tehran newspaperIran in May 2006, and two hundred eighty-two cartoons curated in Tehran in September 2006 ...
Fischer, Michael M. J.
'I am the brave hero and this land is mine': popular music and youth identity in post-revolutionary Iran
Over the past decade, popular music in Iran has steadily gained recognition beyond its borders. The Western media has increasingly provided an idealised and romanticised view of music-making in the Iranian underground. ...
Steward, Theresa Parvin
Aluminum reduction cell electrode
The invention is directed to cathode modules comprised of refractory hard metal materials, such as TiB[sub 2], for an electrolytic cell for the reduction of alumina wherein the modules may be installed and replaced during operation of the cell and wherein the structure of the cathode modules is such that the refractory hard metal materials are not subjected to externally applied forces or rigid constraints. 9 figs.
Goodnow, W.H.; Payne, J.R.
Title: Campus Violence and Threat Management Effective Date: September 1, 2012 Page: Page 1 of 4
Title: Campus Violence and Threat Management Effective Date: September 1, 2012 Page: Page 1 of 4 or intentional damage to property and has the effect of intimidating, frightening, coercing, or provoking others; brandishing or using a weapon in a manner not required by the individual's position (see also the university
Swaddle, John
Entry Number: 1 GL A NEW HONEY BEE THREAT-THE PARASITIZING PHORID FLY APOCEPHALUS BOREALIS
Entry Number: 1 GL A NEW HONEY BEE THREAT- THE PARASITIZING PHORID FLY APOCEPHALUS BOREALIS By be easily susceptible to attack. Entry Number: 2 GL BALANCING ACT: HOW DOES THE MALE MARITIME EARWIG between multiple selection factors drives evolution in the earwig, Anisolabis maritima. Entry Number: 3 GL
Entry Number: 1 GL A NEW HONEY BEE THREAT-THE PARASITIZING PHORID FLY
Entry Number: 1 GL A NEW HONEY BEE THREAT- THE PARASITIZING PHORID FLY APOCEPHALUS BOREALIS By be easily susceptible to attack. Entry Number: 3 GL INVESTIGATING THE EXPERIENCES OF GRADUATE WOMEN OF COLOR Number: 4 GL #12;IS A DEADLY DISEASE CAUSING THE DECLINE OF ANOTHER AMPHIBIAN IN THE SIERRA NEVADA? By
EVALUATING THREAT ASSESSMENT FOR MULTI-STAGE CYBER ATTACKS Shanchieh Jay Yang
attacks has become a critical issue, yet different from that of traditional physical attacks. Current behavior, hacking methods, and network vulnerabilities. This is different from traditional physical attacks by traditional physical attacks. The question then is how good a cyber threat assessment algorithm one should
ARTICLE doi:10.1038/nature09440 Global threats to human water security
,20 . The success of integrated water management strategies depends on striking a balance between human resource use policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats change, urb- anization, industrialization and engineering schemes like reservoirs, irrigation
McIntyre, Peter
Factoring species, non-species values and threats into biodiversity prioritisation across the ecoregions
population density, and the extinction risk of species. This threat index is positively correlated with all the ecoregions of Africa and its islands Neil D. Burgessa,b, *, Jennifer D'Amico Halesa , Taylor H. Rickettsa I N F O Article history: Received 3 September 2004 Available online 11 October 2005 Keywords: Africa
Vermont, University of
DO GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE REPRESENT A SERIOUS THREAT TO OUR WELFARE AND ENVIRONMENT? By Michael E. Mann I. Introduction The subjects of "global warming" and "climate change" have become parts of both the popular lexicon and the public discourse. Discussions of global warming often evoke passionate
The Threat to the Planet* Dark & Bright Sides of Global Warming
The Threat to the Planet* Dark & Bright Sides of Global Warming Jim Hansen 3 October 2007 presented provides most important information on global warming. Recorded human history occurs within the Holocene for these large climate change is perturbations of Earth's orbit. #12;Continental Drift Fig. 1 "Global Warming
role in national critical infrastructures. The certification of Global Navigation Satellite SystemsCYBER SECURITY THREATS TO SAFETY-CRITICAL, SPACE-BASED INFRASTRUCTURES C.W. Johnson (1) , A-based systems play an important role within national critical infrastructures. They are being integrated
Johnson, Chris
International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Smart Grid Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities and Solutions
International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Smart Grid Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities is currently evolving into the smart grid. Smart grid integrates the traditional electrical power grid, controlling and managing the demands of customers. A smart grid is a huge complex network composed of millions
Aloul, Fadi
NOM's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is working to reduce these threats to
human actˇvˇtˇes, such as dredging in the marˇne envˇronment 0r the ˇntakes of power plants, may ˇnc power plants often take in sea water to cool the reactors. Sea turtles may be trapped against intakeNOM's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is working to reduce these threats to help conserve
The threat of terrorism and other attacks raises profound dilemmas for the electric power industry.
The threat of terrorism and other attacks raises profound dilemmas for the electric power industry power plant in Oak Harbor, Ohio, and disabled a safety monitoring system for nearly five hours. For&D) on infrastructure security at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). At first, I was faced with many reports
Amin, S. Massoud
Modeling threat assessments of water supply systems using markov latent effects methodology.
Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act emphasize efforts toward safeguarding our nation's water supplies against attack and contamination. Specifically, the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 established requirements for each community water system serving more than 3300 people to conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts. Integral to evaluating system vulnerability is the threat assessment, which is the process by which the credibility of a threat is quantified. Unfortunately, full probabilistic assessment is generally not feasible, as there is insufficient experience and/or data to quantify the associated probabilities. For this reason, an alternative approach is proposed based on Markov Latent Effects (MLE) modeling, which provides a framework for quantifying imprecise subjective metrics through possibilistic or fuzzy mathematics. Here, an MLE model for water systems is developed and demonstrated to determine threat assessments for different scenarios identified by the assailant, asset, and means. Scenario assailants include terrorists, insiders, and vandals. Assets include a water treatment plant, water storage tank, node, pipeline, well, and a pump station. Means used in attacks include contamination (onsite chemicals, biological and chemical), explosives and vandalism. Results demonstrated highest threats are vandalism events and least likely events are those performed by a terrorist.
Silva, Consuelo Juanita
Risk Analysis of Phytophthora ramorum, a Newly Recognised Pathogen Threat to Europe
Risk Analysis of Phytophthora ramorum, a Newly Recognised Pathogen Threat to Europe and the Cause; 23rd January 2009) Deliverable Report D28 Report on the risk of entry, establishment, spread OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AND CONTRIBUTORS 3 5 6 SUMMARY: PEST RISK ANALYSIS
POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR S SCIENCES B.Sc. in electronical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Thran, Iran
University of Technology, Téhéran, Iran et de nationalité iranienne acceptée sur proposition du jury
To appear in Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet, August 2013. Internet Censorship in Iran: A First Look
Eustice, Ryan
Cosmic bombardment V: Threat object-dispersing approaches to active planetary defense
Earth-impacting comets and asteroids with diameters {approx}0.03 - 10 km pose the greatest threats to the terrestrial biosphere in terms of impact frequency-weighted impact consequences, and thus are of most concern to designers of active planetary defenses. Specific gravitational binding energies of such objects range from 10{sup -7} to 10{sup -2} J/gm, and are small compared with the specific energies of 1x10{sup 3} to 3x10{sup 3} J/gm required to vaporize objects of typical composition or the specific energies required to pulverize them, which are 10{sup -1} to 10 J/gm. All of these are small compared to the specific kinetic energy of these objects in the Earth- centered frame, which is 2x10{sup 5} to 2x10{sup 6} J/gm. The prospect naturally arises of negating all such threats by deflecting, pulverizing or vaporizing the objects. Pulverization-with-dispersal is an attractive option of reasonable defensive robustness. Examples of such equipments - which employ no explosives of any type - are given. Vaporization is the maximally robust defensive option, and may be invoked to negate threat objects not observed until little time is left until Earth-strike, and pulverization-with-dispersal has proven inadequate. Physically larger threats may be vaporized with nuclear explosives. No contemporary technical means of any kind appear capable of directly dispersing the -100 km diameter scale Charon- class cometary objects recently observed in the outer solar system, although such objects may be deflected to defensively useful extents. Means of implementing defenses of each of these types are proposed for specificity, and areas for optimization noted. Biospheric impacts of threat object debris are briefly considered, for bounding purposes. Experiments are suggested on cometary and asteroidal objects.
Teller, E.; Wood, L. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace]|[Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Ishikawa, M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics]|[Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Hyde, R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Evaluating the use of Social Impact Assessment in the context of agricultural development projects in Iran
The utilisation of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Iran is analysed in terms of its policy context and its application in practice. Five case studies where SIA was employed in conjunction with Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for agricultural development projects are evaluated. In addition, the performance of the policy context is assessed. This research revealed that there are legal and institutional constraints to the effective functioning of SIA in Iran, and that there are deficiencies in the operating guidelines. There were serious problems associated with the way SIA was undertaken in all five case studies. Recommendations to improve the policy framework for the conduct of SIA are made. The recommendations advocate for a higher profile of SIA within legislation, for social issues to have greater emphasis in official guidelines for the conduct of EIA and SIA, and for a range of measures to increase the professionalism of SIA practice.
Ahmadvand, Mostafa, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Faculty of Agriculture, Yasuj University, Yasuj (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Karami, Ezatollah, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Zamani, Gholam Hossein, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Vanclay, Frank, E-mail: email@example.com [Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Australia)
Final report of the independent counsel for Iran/Contra matters. Volume 1: Investigations and prosecutions
In October and November 1986, two secret U.S. Government operations were publicly exposed, potentially implicating Reagan Administration officials in illegal activities. These operations were the provision of assistance to the military activities of the Nicaraguan contra rebels during an October 1984 to October 1986 prohibition on such aid, and the sale of U.S. arms to Iran in contravention of stated U.S. policy and in possible violation of arms-export controls. In late November 1986, Reagan Administration officials announced that some of the proceeds from the sale of U.S. arms to Iran had been diverted to the contras. As a result of the exposure of these operations, Attorney General Edwin Meese III sought the appointment of an independent counsel to investigate and, if necessary, prosecute possible crimes arising from them. This is the final report of that investigation.
Walsh, L.E.
Paleogeography of major accumulation stages of Lower Mesozoic coal deposits in Iran
Accumulation of the Upper Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing deposits in Iran took place on a tectonically heterogeneous territory of the Mediterranean belt, at the junction with the Turanian platform, in a setting of alluvial-deltaic plains that in the south were superseded by a marine sedimentation environment. This paleogeographic setting was compounded by the secondary paleolandscape zonality due largely to the block structure of Iran's territory. Individual blocks, elevated along the faults and bounding them, formed an archipelago of lowland islands and affected the distribution of peat formation and marine facies. For the first time a new stratigraphic basis has been used to correlate more than 40 lithostratigraphic profiles to trace the time and space succession of the paleolandscape settings for the three principal stages of the Late Triassic-Jurassic sediment and peat accumulation. (10 refs.)
Bragin, Yu.N.; Golubev, S.A.; Polyanski, B.V.
Role of Wind in Vernacular Architecture of Hot and Humid Region of Iran
the total framework which underlies architecture. Vernacular architecture in hot and humid regions of Iran has strong bonds with local climate. Shenasil, Taremi and Wind towers are the features that have developed according to climatic considerations... of different climatic elements on the vernacular architecture with a focus on humidity and air currents. Then, natural ventilation and the architectural elements involving it will be discussed. Finally, the wind towers of the region...
Najafabadi, R. A.; Daneshvar, K.; Pakseresht, K.; Pooryousefzadeh, S.
Circumstances surrounding the government's approval of nuclear-related exports to Iran
In June 1978 the Department of Energy concluded that a proposed equipment export to Iran did not present a nuclear weapons proliferation risk. GAO believes the Department of Energy's review of that export was not as comprehensive as it should have been. The absence of sufficient information on the exact nature of the export prevented GAO from reaching an independent conclusion about its proliferation significance.
Staats, E.B.
Alternative energy sources in Iran: the state-of-the-art
Iran, the country well known for its enormous proven reserves of oil (fourth largest in the world), natural gas (second largest), and coal (considerable) is also one of the most favourable countries for utilization of solar, wind and other alternative energy sources. Depsite an average of 5 KWh/m/sup 2//day of solar energy over a large land area, and sites with frequent wind velocities of 7 m/s, very little attention has been paid to non-fossil fuels. Petroleum, on the other hand, has not only been the main fuel for Iran, but has also provided the country with its major revenue. Furthermore, the low cost of oil and gas has pushed the alternative energy sources into an unfavorable position. The main question is, for how long can such an energy picture go on. To answer this important question, the authors have attempted, firstly, to draw a concise energy picture (fuel and power production, distribution, demands and policies), and secondly, to list the potentials of the alternative energy sources. The paper also includes a critical review of the work done and the programs in connection with alternative energies in Iran.
Sabzevari, A.; Yaghoubi, M.A.
Estimation and projection of the demand for refined petroleum products in Iran
The main purpose of this study is to construct an econometric model for estimation and projection of oil-refined products in Iran based on the situation of the Iranian energy market. Part 1 reviews the existing literature and contains the salient socio-economic futures of OPEC countries in general and of Iran in particular. Explanation of the structure of Iran's domestic energy market (demand, supply, and price) is the main purpose of this part. In Part 2, the demand function for each refined petroleum product is analyzed, formulated, and estimated. The price and income elasticities of the demands for gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and fuel oil are analyzed and compared with those of other countries. In Part 3, after analyzing and estimating the demand functions for total refined products, first, the full model, including all the estimated demand functions is dynamically simulated over the sample periods (1955-1978) in order to evaluate the performance power of the model, then the amount of consumption of each refined product for the next decade (1979-1988), under three scenarios of the rate of growth of real GNP, 9%, 7% and 5% is projected.
Kianian, S.A.; Amin, M.
The invention is directed to an anode-cathode structure for an electrolytic cell for the reduction of alumina wherein the structure is comprised of a carbon anode assembly which straddles a wedge-shaped refractory hard metal cathode assembly having steeply sloped cathodic surfaces, each cathodic surface being paired in essentially parallel planar relationship with an anode surface. The anode-cathode structure not only takes into account the structural weakness of refractory hard metal materials but also permits the changing of the RHM assembly during operation of the cell. Further, the anode-cathode structure enhances the removal of anode gas from the interpolar gap between the anode and cathode surfaces. 10 figs.
Payne, J.R.
Economic Analysis of Commercial Idling Reduction Technologies...
Technologies: Which idling reduction system is most economical for truck owners? Economic Analysis of Commercial Idling Reduction Technologies: Which idling reduction system...
Review of July 2013 Nuclear Security Insider Threat Exercise November 2013
This document is a review of the Nuclear Security Insider Threat Exercise which was hosted at ORNL in July 2013. Nuclear security culture and the insider threat are best learned through experience. Culture is inherently difficult to teach, and as such is best learned through modeled behaviors and learning exercise. This TTX, NSITE, is a tool that strives to aid students in learning what an effective (and ineffective) nuclear security culture might look like by simulating dynamic events that strengthen or weaken the nuclear security regime. The goals of NSITE are to stimulate complex thought and discussion and assist decision makers and management in determining the most effective policies and procedures for their country or facility.
Pederson, Ann C. [ORNL] [ORNL; Snow, Catherine L. [ORNL] [ORNL; Townsend, Jeremy [ORNL] [ORNL; Shannon, Michael [ORNL] [ORNL
1. Dumont, Grard-Franois, La France et l'Iran : des nations si lointaines et si proches , Gostratgiques, n 10,
1. Dumont, Gérard-François, « La France et l'Iran : des nations si lointaines et si proches Arménie �mirats ar. unis Turkménistan Azerbaïdjan Arabie saoudite Irak Afghanistan Iran 71,2 69,2 31,9 31
Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Russia: Threats of "Chinese Invasion" or Fears of Russian Xenophobia
Ruoxi Du Laird Essay Competition 2012 Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Russia: Threats of "Chinese Invasion" or Fears of Russian Xenophobia Try googling the keywords "Russian Far East" and "China" ("Dal'nii vostok" and "Kitai"), and you... East" (Express Gazeta). Results from English sources are similar, where typical titles include "China Looms over the Russian Far East" (The Diplomat) and "Russia's Far East Turning Chinese" (ABC News). Indeed, Russia has all kinds of reasons...
Du, Ruoxi
Sensor Data Processing for Tracking Underwater Threats Using Terascale Optical Core Devices
A critical aspect of littoral surveillance (including port protection) involves the localization and tracking of underwater threats such as manned or unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles. In this article, we present a methodology for locating underwater threat sources from uncertain sensor network data, and illustrate the threat tracking aspects using active sonars in a matched filter framework. The novelty of the latter paradigm lies in its implementation on a tera-scale optical core processor, EnLight , recently introduced by Lenslet Laboratories. This processor is optimized for array operations, which it performs in a fixed point arithmetic architecture at tera-scale throughput. Using the EnLight 64 prototype processor, our results (i) illustrate the ability to reach a robust tracking accuracy, and (ii) demonstrate that a considerable speed-up (a factor of over 13,000) can be achieved when compared to an Intel XeonTM processor in the computation of sets of 80K-sample complex Fourier transforms that are associated with our matched filter techniques.
Barhen, Jacob [ORNL; Imam, Neena [ORNL
Large Wind Property Tax Reduction
In 2001, North Dakota established property tax reductions for commercial wind turbines constructed before 2011. Originally, the law reduced the taxable value of centrally-assessed* wind turbines...
Nonlinear noise reduction for electrocardiograms
Nonlinear noise reduction for electrocardiograms Thomas Schreiber Physics Department, University time series. The underlying physiological process, the electrochemical excitation of cardiac tissue
Kaplan, Daniel T.
SCR Technologies for NOx Reduction
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
SCR Technology for NOx Reduction Outline Necessity of NOx Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment Air-assisted Dosing Systems (HD applications) Field experience with DENOXTRONIC for MDHD...
A Statistical Model for Generating a Population of Unclassified Objects and Radiation Signatures Spanning Nuclear Threats
This report describes an approach for generating a simulated population of plausible nuclear threat radiation signatures spanning a range of variability that could be encountered by radiation detection systems. In this approach, we develop a statistical model for generating random instances of smuggled nuclear material. The model is based on physics principles and bounding cases rather than on intelligence information or actual threat device designs. For this initial stage of work, we focus on random models using fissile material and do not address scenarios using non-fissile materials. The model has several uses. It may be used as a component in a radiation detection system performance simulation to generate threat samples for injection studies. It may also be used to generate a threat population to be used for training classification algorithms. In addition, we intend to use this model to generate an unclassified 'benchmark' threat population that can be openly shared with other organizations, including vendors, for use in radiation detection systems performance studies and algorithm development and evaluation activities. We assume that a quantity of fissile material is being smuggled into the country for final assembly and that shielding may have been placed around the fissile material. In terms of radiation signature, a nuclear weapon is basically a quantity of fissile material surrounded by various layers of shielding. Thus, our model of smuggled material is expected to span the space of potential nuclear weapon signatures as well. For computational efficiency, we use a generic 1-dimensional spherical model consisting of a fissile material core surrounded by various layers of shielding. The shielding layers and their configuration are defined such that the model can represent the potential range of attenuation and scattering that might occur. The materials in each layer and the associated parameters are selected from probability distributions that span the range of possibilities. Once an object is generated, its radiation signature is calculated using a 1-dimensional deterministic transport code. Objects that do not make sense based on physics principles or other constraints are rejected. Thus, the model can be used to generate a population of spectral signatures that spans a large space, including smuggled nuclear material and nuclear weapons.
Nelson, K; Sokkappa, P
Hydrogen Compression, Storage, and Dispensing Cost Reduction...
Compression, Storage, and Dispensing Cost Reduction Workshop Addendum Hydrogen Compression, Storage, and Dispensing Cost Reduction Workshop Addendum Document states additional...
Contiguous Platinum Monolayer Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts...
Contiguous Platinum Monolayer Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts on High-Stability-Low-Cost Supports Contiguous Platinum Monolayer Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts on...
A margin-based approach to vehicle threat assessment in a homotopy framework for semi-autonomous highway navigation
This thesis describes the design of an unified framework for threat assessment and the shared control between a human driver and the onboard controller, based on the notion of fields of safe travel. It allows to perform ...
Constantin, Alexandre, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Livestock Odor Reduction Demonstration Project
Livestock Odor Reduction Demonstration Project Objectives The 1996 and 1997 Iowa General Assembly-share basis to livestock producers and operators selected to carry out various demonstration projects. Organization The Livestock Odor Reduction Demonstration Project was administered by ISU Extension. Stewart
Lin, Zhiqun
Environmental Sustainability Paper Usage / Reduction
;carbon footprint and develop carbon reduction projects around IT and staff/student behaviour change is supported by the Environmental Sustainability Manager and is seen as a key link to the University's Carbon Management Programme (e.g. to produce a forecast of carbon reductions as required by the Carbon Trust
Comprehensive Poverty Reduction Strategies in
Comprehensive Poverty Reduction Strategies in Canada: Policy or Window Dressing? Charles Plante, Upstream: Institute for a Healthy Society #12;Overview What is poverty? Current state of poverty in Saskatchewan What is a Comprehensive Poverty Reduction Strategy (CPRS)? Are CPRS effective at reducing
Peak, Derek
Nationalization of the oil industry in Iran 1951-1953: a study in cold war diplomacy
ort, facing p. 3)0. 23 The means of oil transportation were also controlled. by the seven~ together they owned. 5' of the world. tanker fleet and were under contract to two-thirds of private tankers. AU. pipelines outside the United States ware...NATIONALIZATION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN IRAN 195l-1953s A STUN IN COLD WAR DIPLIRAOI LINDA NILLS /AIM-lQLQAXI Sulaitte4 to the Graduate Callege of Texme AAH Vhiverssity & yartiel fulfiI1msnt of the requirement for the Legree of December 1973...
Qaim-Maqami, Linda Wills
Student attitudes toward the threat of nuclear war: Friends as influential reference persons
A renewed interest in research into the psychology of the threat of nuclear war occurred in the past decade as national attention focused increasingly on the arms race between the US and the USSR. Some of this research began the task of exploring the social influences upon attitudes and responses to the nuclear threat. Research on friends as potential influences upon nuclear attitudes was minimal. The present study investigated the role of college friends as potential reference persons in the formation of nuclear attitudes. A battery of questionnaires addressing various nuclear war and non-nuclear war attitudes was completed by 200 student-friend dyads from introductory psychology and sociology courses at the University of North Dakota. Three hypotheses were presented in this study. One hypothesis was that students would perceive their friends as having similar attitudes toward the threat of nuclear war. A second hypothesis was that the actual attitudes between pairs of students and friends would be similar. The third hypothesis was that the attitudes would have become more similar over the course of the development of the friendship (as measured retrospectively). The first hypothesis was borne out by the data. The second and third hypotheses were not supported. There are several implications of the findings. One implication is that the nuclear issue may not be as salient to college students as other, more immediate, issues. Another implication is that a relative lack of communication between college students on political issues precludes more effective mutual influence upon the development and change of such attitudes. A false consensus bias appeared to be operative when the students perceived that their attitudes were similar. Further discussion is presented in regard to past and future psychological research upon nuclear war attitudes.
Marasch, M.J.
Radioactive Threat Detection with Scattering Physics: A Model-Based Application
The detection of radioactive contraband is a critical problem in maintaining national security for any country. Emissions from threat materials challenge both detection and measurement technologies especially when concealed by various types of shielding complicating the transport physics significantly. The development of a model-based sequential Bayesian processor that captures both the underlying transport physics including scattering offers a physics-based approach to attack this challenging problem. It is shown that this processor can be used to develop an effective detection technique.
Candy, J V; Chambers, D H; Breitfeller, E F; Guidry, B L; Verbeke, J M; Axelrod, M A; Sale, K E; Meyer, A M
Daily and Long Term Variations of Out-Door Gamma Dose Rate in Khorasan Province, Iran
In Iran before 1996, only a few hot spots had been identified, no systematic study had been envisaged. Since then preparation of out-door environmental gamma radiation map of Iran was defined as a long term goal in our center, at the same time simultaneous monitoring of outdoor gamma level in Khorasan was also proposed. A Rados area monitoring system (AAM-90) including 10 intelligent RD-02 detector and all associated components were purchased. From 2003 gradually seven stations have been setup in Khorasan. For all seven stations monthly average and one hour daily average on four time intervals have been computed. Statistically no significant differences have been observed. This is also true for monthly averages. The overall average dose rate for present seven stations varies from 0.11 {mu}Sv{center_dot}h{sup -1} for Ferdows, to 0.04 {mu}Sv{center_dot}h{sup -1} for Dargaz. Based on our data, 50 minutes sample in any time interval is an accurate sample size to estimate out door Gamma dose rate.
Toossi, M. T. Bahreyni; Bayani, SH. [Environmental dosimetery laboratory, Medical Physics Research Center, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Nevada State Energy Reduction Plan
As mandated by the Nevada statutes, the Nevada Energy Office prepared a state energy reduction plan which requires state agencies, departments, and other entities in the Executive Branch to reduce...
Economics of Steam Pressure Reduction
Economics of Steam Pressure Reduction is a technical paper that addresses the operating and economic advantages associated with the program to lower the steam operating pressure. Evaluation of a testing program will be discussed. The paper...
Sylva, D. M.
The New York Times' Framing of Involvement of the Russian Federation in Arms and Nuclear Trade with the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2009-2011
This study examines the mediated portrait of nuclear and arms trade between Russia and Iran in The New York Times in 2009-2011, applying framing theory as a tool. I used three frames, pre-defined in earlier studies: ...
Bagiev, Artem
Plasma-assisted catalytic reduction system
Non-thermal plasma gas treatment is combined with selective catalytic reduction to enhance NO{sub x} reduction in oxygen-rich vehicle engine exhausts. 8 figs.
Vogtlin, G.E.; Merritt, B.T.; Hsiao, M.C.; Wallman, P.H.; Penetrante, B.M.
Electrocatalytic Reactivity for Oxygen Reduction of Palladium...
Reactivity for Oxygen Reduction of Palladium-Modified Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized in Supercritical Fluid. Electrocatalytic Reactivity for Oxygen Reduction of Palladium-Modified...
Facile and controllable electrochemical reduction of graphene...
and controllable electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and its applications. Facile and controllable electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and its applications....
Characterizing Test Methods and Emissions Reduction Performance...
Test Methods and Emissions Reduction Performance of In-Use Diesel Retrofit Technologies from the National Clean Diesel Campaign Characterizing Test Methods and Emissions Reduction...
Demonstrating Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reductions with...
Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reductions with Next Generation Model-Based Diesel Engine Control Demonstrating Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reductions with Next Generation...
Microbial reduction of iron ore
A process is provided for reducing iron ore by treatment with microorganisms which comprises forming an aqueous mixture of iron ore, microorganisms operable for reducing the ferric iron of the iron ore to ferrous iron, and a substrate operable as an energy source for the microbial reduction; and maintaining the aqueous mixture for a period of time and under conditions operable to effect the reduction of the ore. Preferably the microorganism is Pseudomonas sp. 200 and the reduction conducted anaerobically with a domestic wastewater as the substrate. An aqueous solution containing soluble ferrous iron can be separated from the reacted mixture, treated with a base to precipitate ferrous hydroxide which can then be recovered as a concentrated slurry.
Hoffmann, Michael R. (Pasadena, CA); Arnold, Robert G. (Pasadena, CA); Stephanopoulos, Gregory (Pasadena, CA)
A process is provided for reducing iron ore by treatment with microorganisms which comprises forming an aqueous mixture of iron ore, microorganisms operable for reducing the ferric iron of the iron ore to ferrous iron, and a substrate operable as an energy source for the microbial reduction; and maintaining the aqueous mixture for a period of time and under conditions operable to effect the reduction of the ore. Preferably the microorganism is Pseudomonas sp. 200 and the reduction conducted anaerobically with a domestic wastewater as the substrate. An aqueous solution containing soluble ferrous iron can be separated from the reacted mixture, treated with a base to precipitate ferrous hydroxide which can then be recovered as a concentrated slurry. 11 figs.
Hoffmann, M.R.; Arnold, R.G.; Stephanopoulos, G.
Workers of the World, Unite! Franchise Extensions and the Threat of Revolution in Europe, 1820-1938
of the threat level is therefore unlikely to be correlated with other (observed and unobserved) determinants of su¤rage reform ?such as political rivalry between factions within the national elites or general enlightenment trends ?originating within that country... are also unrelated to the threat of revolution. However, we are able to control for each of these in the estimations and so, they are less likely to show up in the error term. 22Although it is possible that some domestic political factions would have...
Aidt, Toke S.
Forest Fuels ReductionForest Fuels Reduction Department of
are the soil management and watershed implications from alternative fuels reduction approaches? 3. How do and implement appropriate technologies to meet sustainable forest management objectives involving fuels Management 1. What should the size and distribution of the residual woody material be on-site from a fire
Bolding, M. Chad
Low-Altitude Airbursts and the Impact Threat - Final LDRD Report.
The purpose of this nine-week project was to advance the understanding of low-altitude airbursts by developing the means to model them at extremely high resolution in order to span the scales of entry physics as well as blast wave and plume formation. Small asteroid impacts on Earth are a recognized hazard, but the full nature of the threat is still not well understood. We used shock physics codes to discover emergent phenomena associated with low-altitude airbursts such as the Siberian Tunguska event of 1908 and the Egyptian glass-forming event 29 million years ago. The planetary defense community is beginning to recognize the significant threat from such airbursts. Low-altitude airbursts are the only class of impacts that have a significant probability of occurring within a planning time horizon. There is roughly a 10% chance of a megaton-scale low-altitude airburst event in the next decade.The first part of this LDRD final project report is a preprint of our proceedings paper associated with the plenary presentation at the Hypervelocity Impact Society 2007 Symposium in Williamsburg, Virginia (International Journal of Impact Engineering, in press). The paper summarizes discoveries associated with a series of 2D axially-symmetric CTH simulations. The second part of the report contains slides from an invited presentation at the American Geophysical Union Fall 2007 meeting in San Francisco. The presentation summarizes the results of a series of 3D oblique impact simulations of the 1908 Tunguska explosion. Because of the brevity of this late-start project, the 3D results have not yet been written up for a peer-reviewed publication. We anticipate the opportunity to eventually run simulations that include the actual topography at Tunguska, at which time these results will be published.3
Boslough, Mark B.; Crawford, David A.
The city of Ramsar Iran hosts some of the highest natural radiation levels on earth, and over 2000 people are exposed to radiation doses ranging from 1 to 26 rem per year. Curiously, inhabitants of this region seem to have no greater incidence of cancer than those in neighboring areas of normal background radiation levels, and preliminary studies suggest their blood cells experience fewer induced chromosomal abnormalities when exposed to 150 rem ''challenge'' doses of radiation than do the blood cells of their neighbors. This paper will briefly describe the unique geology that gives Ramsar its extraordinarily high background radiation levels. It will then summarize the studies performed to date and will conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate these findings (if they are borne out by further testing) into future radiation protection standards.
Karam, P. A.
Study on radon and radium concentrations in drinking water in west region of Iran
One of the most important characterizations of social health is existence the availability of safe drinking water. Since one of the sources of water contamination is nuclear contamination from radon gas, so in this research radon 222 concentration levels in water supplies in the Toyserkan (a region located in the west of Iran) is investigated. For measuring radon gas in water wells and springs Lucas chamber method is used. Review the results of these measurements that taken from 15th place show that, only five sites have radon concentrations above the limit dose. To reduce radon concentration, it is better to keep water in open pools in contact with air before the water is delivered to users.
Forozani, Ghasem
Results of a hospital waste survey in private hospitals in Fars province, Iran
Hospital waste is considered dangerous because it may possess pathogenic agents and can cause undesirable effects on human health and the environment. In Iran, neither rules have been compiled nor does exact information exist regarding hospital waste management. The survey presented in this article was carried out in all 15 private hospitals of Fars province (Iran) from the total numbers of 50 governmental and private hospitals located in this province, in order to determine the amount of different kinds of waste produced and the present situation of waste management. The results indicated that the waste generation rate is 4.45 kg/bed/day, which includes 1830 kg (71.44%) of domestic waste, 712 kg (27.8%) of infectious waste, and 19.6 kg (0.76%) of sharps. Segregation of the different types of waste is not carried out perfectly. Two (13.3%) of the hospitals use containers without lids for on-site transport of wastes. Nine (60%) of the hospitals are equipped with an incinerator and six of them (40%) have operational problems with the incinerators. In all hospitals municipal workers transport waste outside the hospital premises daily or at the most on alternative days. In the hospitals under study, there aren't any training courses about hospital waste management and the hazards associated with them. The training courses that are provided are either ineffective or unsuitable. Performing extensive studies all over the country, compiling and enacting rules, establishing standards and providing effective personnel training are the main challenges for the concerned authorities and specialists in this field.
Askarian, Mehrdad; Vakili, Mahmood; Kabir, Gholamhosein
Davood Babaei Pourkargar was born in Rasht, Iran, in 1986. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology in 2008 and 2010,
-4563, Tehran, Iran; Fax 98-21-661024 2 Professor, Dept. of Civil, Struc. & Env. Engrg, State Univ. of New York
Maranas, Costas
Lead reduction in ambient air
The Bureau of Mines evaluated the emission control methods, including the capital investments and operating cost, necessary for further reducing lead levels in ambient air at the Glover, Herculaneum, and Buick smelter-refineries in Missouri and the East Helena, MT, smelter. This report presents theoretically achievable lead emission reductions and estimated capital and operating costs.
Smith, R.D.; Kiehn, O.A.; Wilburn, D.R.; Bowyer, R.C.
Beta Reduction Constraints Manuel Bodirsky Katrin Erk
Beta Reduction Constraints Manuel Bodirsky Katrin Erk Alexander Koller Joachim Niehren Programming partially. In this paper, we introduce beta reduction constraints to describe beta reduction steps between partially known lambda terms. We show that beta reduction constraints can be expressed in an extension
Adaptive Port Reduction in Static Condensation
Adaptive Port Reduction in Static Condensation JL Eftang DBP Huynh DJ Knezevic EM Rønquist a framework for adaptive reduction of the degrees of freedom associated with ports in static condensation (SC reduction for the interior of a component with model order reduction on the ports in order to rapidly
Rønquist, Einar M.
Dynamic reduction, Version 1. 0
This report describes the theoretical background of the EPRI Dynamic Reduction DYNRED V 1.0. EPRI initiated research under project RP763 to develop the original reduction program DYNEQU. This program was the first to be based on the concept of aggregating of coherent groups of synchronous generators into a single equivalent generator model. While technically advanced, DYNEQU proved difficult to use. Since then, the stability problems encountered in power system planning and operations have changed. The emphasis on first swing transient stability has been replaced by emphasis on inter-area oscillations and voltage stability. The method of identification of coherent generators used in DYNEQU is based on the comparison of rotor angle swings, in a linearized system model, following a fault. It has been shown that this method of coherency identification is good for first swing stability. For inter-area oscillation studies, this method of generator aggregation is less accurate. Far better, are identification methods based on the structure of the power system. Because of these changes in the requirements for reduced order power system models, a new dynamic reduction program (DYNRED) has been developed under EPRI project RP2447-1. It is coherency based, as is DYNEQU, but it has structurally based coherency identification methods in addition to the method used in DYNEQU. This report describes the techniques used in DYNRED, that is: Coherency Identification; Network Reduction; Method of Aggregation, Generator Aggregation, Excitation Aggregation, Primemover/Governor Aggregation. An example of the application of DYNRED to the reduction of a large interconnected power system model is also presented. DYNRED uses the special modeling and network solution techniques developed to enable systems having up to 12,000 bus to be studied. Dynamic data is completely compatible between MASS, PEALS, and the EPRI Extended Transient Midterm Stability Program (ETMSP).
Rogers, G.J.; Wong, D.Y.; Ottevangers, J.; Wang, L. (Ontario Hydro, Toronto, ON (Canada))
Risk reduction and the privatization option: First principles
The Department of Energy`s Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) faces a challenging mission. To increase efficiency, EM is undertaking a number of highly innovative initiatives--two of which are of particular importance to the present study. One is the 2006 Plan, a planning and budgeting process that seeks to convert the clean-up program from a temporally and fiscally open-ended endeavor to a strictly bounded one, with firm commitments over a decade-long horizon. The second is a major overhauling of the management and contracting practices that define the relationship between the Department and the private sector, aimed at cost reduction by increasing firms` responsibilities and profit opportunities and reducing DOE`s direct participation in management practices and decisions. The goal of this paper is to provide an independent perspective on how EM should create new management practices to deal with private sector partners that are motivated by financial incentives. It seeks to ground this perspective in real world concerns--the background of the clean-up effort, the very difficult technical challenges it faces, the very real threats to environment, health and safety that have now been juxtaposed with financial drivers, and the constraints imposed by government`s unique business practices and public responsibilities. The approach is to raise issues through application of first principles. The paper is targeted at the EM policy officer who must implement the joint visions of the 2006 plan and privatization within the context of the tradeoff between terminal risk reduction and interim risk management.
Bjornstad, D.J.; Jones, D.W.; Russell, M. [Joint Inst. for Energy and Environment, Knoxville, TN (United States); Cummings, R.C.; Valdez, G. [Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States); Duemmer, C.L. [Hull, Duemmer and Garland (United States)
Search: Search Home Top News Science Business Entertainment Sports Health Quirks Newspictures Emerging Threats Energy Resources Security Industry
engineers at Northrop Grumman Electronics Systems in Linthicum, Md. The research, funded by the National Newspictures Emerging Threats Energy Resources Security Industry Stories Search: » Search Sponsored Links: Auto of the National Academy of Sciences and is to appear in that journal's early online edition next week. Print story
Rogers, John A.
RLJ/STAT/UPDATE 1-18-11 1 Situation Threat Assessment Policy and Protocol (Update 1/18/11)
third parties, or expressed in private writings. Possession of any item used as a weapon, will be considered a statement of intent. The Situation Threat Assessment Team will recommend actions to the Vice authorities. #12;RLJ/STAT/UPDATE 1-18-11 2 · Investigate the incident(s) and recommend appropriate actions
Rusu, Adrian
Modest carbon price could save Borneo forests: study Reuters, 4 June 2009 -Tropical forests in Borneo under threat of conversion to palm oil
in Borneo under threat of conversion to palm oil plantations could be more profitable left standing threat of being converted to oil palm plantations. "They are not meant to be clearing forest for palm oil development. It's pretty clear that forests are being felled for oil palm," said Venter, a conservation
Stable reduction product of misonidazole
The predominant stable product (greater than 80%) of the anaerobic radiation chemical reduction (pH 7, formate, N/sub 2/O) of misonidazole (MISO) has been identified as the cyclic guanidinium ion MISO-DDI, a 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolium ion. This cation was prepared as its sulfate salt by the reaction of glyoxal and the appropriate N-substituted guanidinium sulfate. Its formation during MISO reduction was established by NMR spectral comparison and by derivatization as glyoxal bis-oxime, which was formed in 86% yield in fully reduced systems. The toxicity of pure MISO-DDI X sulfate was examined in vivo (C/sub 3/H mice) and in vitro (CHO cells). This product is less toxic than the parent MISO and free glyoxal. A reactive, short-lived, intermediate is suggested as the agent responsible for the toxicity of MISO under hypoxic conditions.
Panicucci, R.; McClelland, R.A.; Rauth, A.M.
Wind load reduction for heliostats
This report presents the results of wind-tunnel tests supported through the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) by the Office of Solar Thermal Technology of the US Department of Energy as part of the SERI research effort on innovative concentrators. As gravity loads on drive mechanisms are reduced through stretched-membrane technology, the wind-load contribution of the required drive capacity increases in percentage. Reduction of wind loads can provide economy in support structure and heliostat drive. Wind-tunnel tests have been directed at finding methods to reduce wind loads on heliostats. The tests investigated primarily the mean forces, moments, and the possibility of measuring fluctuating forces in anticipation of reducing those forces. A significant increase in ability to predict heliostat wind loads and their reduction within a heliostat field was achieved.
Peterka, J.A.; Hosoya, N.; Bienkiewicz, B.; Cermak, J.E.
Emissions Reduction Impact of Renewables
p. 1 Energy Systems Laboratory ? 2012 EMISSIONS REDUCTION IMPACT OF RENEWABLES October 2012 Jeff Haberl, Bahman Yazdani, Charles Culp Energy Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University p. 2 Energy Systems Laboratory ? 2012... Do TCEQ: Vince Meiller, Bob Gifford ERCOT: Warren Lasher USEPA: Art Diem, Julie Rosenberg ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS p. 3 Energy Systems Laboratory ? 2012 RENEWABLES Solar PV Solar Thermal Hydro Biomass Landfill Gas Geothermal p. 4...
Haberl, J. S.; Yazdani, B.; Culp, C.
Down in Front Business is already acting on the climate threat --and waiting for
.6 percent of global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion. To help curb its emissions, the company fuels it produces generated another 763 million metric tons. Together these emissions account for some 3 voluntarily set reduction targets for their greenhouse-gas emissions, and that number is growing. While
Hoffman, Andrew J.
Identifying at-risk employees: A behavioral model for predicting potential insider threats
A psychosocial model was developed to assess an employee's behavior associated with an increased risk of insider abuse. The model is based on case studies and research literature on factors/correlates associated with precursor behavioral manifestations of individuals committing insider crimes. In many of these crimes, managers and other coworkers observed that the offenders had exhibited signs of stress, disgruntlement, or other issues, but no alarms were raised. Barriers to using such psychosocial indicators include the inability to recognize the signs and the failure to record the behaviors so that they could be assessed by a person experienced in psychosocial evaluations. We have developed a model using a Bayesian belief network with the help of human resources staff, experienced in evaluating behaviors in staff. We conducted an experiment to assess its agreement with human resources and management professionals, with positive results. If implemented in an operational setting, the model would be part of a set of management tools for employee assessment that can raise an alarm about employees who pose higher insider threat risks. In separate work, we combine this psychosocial model's assessment with computer workstation behavior to raise the efficacy of recognizing an insider crime in the making.
Greitzer, Frank L.; Kangas, Lars J.; Noonan, Christine F.; Dalton, Angela C.
Achieving competitive excellence in nuclear energy: The threat of proliferation; the challenge of inertial confinement fusion
Nuclear energy will have an expanding role in meeting the twenty-first-century challenges of population and economic growth, energy demand, and global warming. These great challenges are non-linearly coupled and incompletely understood. In the complex global system, achieving competitive excellence for nuclear energy is a multi-dimensional challenge. The growth of nuclear energy will be driven by its margin of economic advantage, as well as by threats to energy security and by growing evidence of global warming. At the same time, the deployment of nuclear energy will be inhibited by concerns about nuclear weapons proliferation, nuclear waste and nuclear reactor safety. These drivers and inhibitors are coupled: for example, in the foreseeable future, proliferation in the Middle East may undermine energy security and increase demand for nuclear energy. The Department of Energy`s nuclear weapons laboratories are addressing many of these challenges, including nuclear weapons builddown and nonproliferation, nuclear waste storage and burnup, reactor safety and fuel enrichment, global warming, and the long-range development of fusion energy. Today I will focus on two major program areas at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL): the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the development of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) energy.
Nuckolls, J.H.
Threat of a sinkhole: A reevaluation of Cavern 4, Bayou Choctaw salt dome, Louisiana
Cavern Lake at Bayou Choctaw salt dome resulted from the failure of Cavern 7 in 1954. Uncontrolled solutioning of this cavern through the thin caprock had set the stage for overburden to collapse into the cavern below. A similar situation developed with nearby Cavern 4, but with less dissolutioning of the caprock. Because pressure loss was already a problem and because another 800 ft diameter lake would have endangered surface operations, solutioning of Cavern 4 was stopped and the cavern abandoned in 1957 in order to protect the already-small site. In 1978 the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) acquired a number of caverns at Bayou Choctaw, including Cavern 4, and the possible repeat of the Cavern 7 failure and formation of another lake thus became an issue. The cavern dimensions were re-sonared in 1980 for comparison with 1963 and 1977 surveys. Annual surface leveling between 1982--1992 showed less subsidence occurring than the site average, and a cavern monitoring system, installed in 1984, has revealed no anomalous motion. Repeat sonar surveys in 1992 showed very little, if any, change occurred since 1980 although a small amount of uncertainty exists as a result of changing sonar techniques. We conclude that significant additional solutioning or erosion of the caprock has not occurred and that there is no increased threat to SPR operations.
Neal, J.T.; Todd, J.L.; Linn, J.K. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Magorian, T.R. [Magorian (Thomas R.), Amherst, NY (United States)
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Through Urban Forestry
. Retrieval Terms: urban forestry, carbon dioxide, sequestration, avoided energy The Authors E. Gregory McCarbon Dioxide Reduction Through Urban Forestry: Guidelines for Professional and Volunteer Tree; Simpson, James R. 1999. Carbon dioxide reduction through urban forestry
Standiford, Richard B.
Viscous drag reduction in boundary layers
The present volume discusses the development status of stability theory for laminar flow control design, applied aspects of laminar-flow technology, transition delays using compliant walls, the application of CFD to skin friction drag-reduction, active-wave control of boundary-layer transitions, and such passive turbulent-drag reduction methods as outer-layer manipulators and complex-curvature concepts. Also treated are such active turbulent drag-reduction technique applications as those pertinent to MHD flow drag reduction, as well as drag reduction in liquid boundary layers by gas injection, drag reduction by means of polymers and surfactants, drag reduction by particle addition, viscous drag reduction via surface mass injection, and interactive wall-turbulence control.
Bushnell, D.M.; Hefner, J.N.
Extracellular Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Cytochromes...
Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Cytochromes MtrC and OmcA of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Extracellular Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Cytochromes MtrC and OmcA of...
Electricity Generation and Emissions Reduction Decisions
Electricity Generation and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Policy Uncertainty: A General analysis, and public education in global environmental change. It seeks to provide leadership;1 Electricity Generation and Emissions Reduction Decisions under Policy Uncertainty: A General Equilibrium
Relative trajectory data reduction analysis
REDATIVE TRAJECTORY DATA RFDUCTION ANA1. YS1S A Thesis KENNE'Ill Vi. GRANT Subrnitl ed to the Gratluate College of 'J exas ASM University in pa) &ial full'illment of the reouir ament for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1969 Major... Trajectory Data Reduction Analysis. (August 1969) Kenneth W. Grant, B. A. , University of California at Riverside Directed by: Dr. Rudolph Freund Knowledge of missile/drone intercept parameters is extremely important in the analysis of ordnance system...
Grant, Kenneth William
A Compressed Air Reduction Program
A COMPRESSED AIR REDUCTION PROGRAM K. Dwight Hawks General Motors Corporation - Ruick-Oldsmobi1e-Cadillac Group Warren, Michigan ABSTRACT The reascn for implementing this program was to assist the plant in Quantifying some of its leaks... in the equipme~t throuqhout the plant and to provide direction as to which leaks are yenerat~ng high uti 1ity costs. The direction is very beneficial in lIlaking maintenance aware of prolill,Pls within equipment .IS \\Iell as notifying them as to whf're thei...
Hawks, K. D.
Understanding ammonia selective catalytic reduction kinetics...
temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Catalytic properties are examined using NO oxidation, ammonia oxidation,...
Bifunctional Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction...
Reduction (DEER) Conference Presentation: Argonne National Laboratory 2004deermarshall.pdf More Documents & Publications Bifunctional Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic...
Chronology of trap formation and migration of hydrocarbons in Zagros sector of southwest Iran
Sixty-three orogenically controlled oil and gas fields have been discovered in the Zagros sector of southwest Iran since teh turn of the present century. Most of the fields are giant, multi-reservoir accumulations producing from fractured carbonate pay zones ranging in age from permo-Triassic to Oligo-Miocene. The most prolific oil-producing zones are the Asmari formation (Oligo-Miocene( and the Bangestan Group (Upper Cretaceous). The available geochemical evidence indicates taht the major source of the oil is the underlying Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Kazhdumi Formation. It is argued that, in the main oil-producing area, the Kazhdumi source rock was not buried to the depth required for hydrocarbon generation until the Eocene, and that not significant oil explusion took place until the Miocene. entry of oil into the reservoirs is geologically a recent event; it postdates the late Miocene-Holocene Zagros orogeny that resulted in the formation of the present structural traps. It is suggested that the development of growth structures during the Late Cretaceous and Palogene could have contributed to some hydrocarbon localization prior to the formation of the late Tertiary traps.
Ala, M.A.
Application of Radial Basis Functional Link Networks to Exploration for Proterozoic Mineral Deposits in Central Iran
The metallogeny of Central Iran is characterized mainly by the presence of several iron, apatite, and uranium deposits of Proterozoic age. Radial Basis Function Link Networks (RBFLN) were used as a data-driven method for GIS-based predictive mapping of Proterozoic mineralization in this area. To generate the input data for RBFLN, the evidential maps comprising stratigraphic, structural, geophysical, and geochemical data were used. Fifty-eight deposits and 58 'nondeposits' were used to train the network. The operations for the application of neural networks employed in this study involve both multiclass and binary representation of evidential maps. Running RBFLN on different input data showed that an increase in the number of evidential maps and classes leads to a larger classification sum of squared error (SSE). As a whole, an increase in the number of iterations resulted in the improvement of training SSE. The results of applying RBFLN showed that a successful classification depends on the existence of spatially well distributed deposits and nondeposits throughout the study area.
Behnia, Pouran [Geological Survey of Iran, Geomatics Department (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Organic geochemistry and source rock characteristics of the Zagros Petroleum Province, southwest Iran
The Zagros sector of SW Iran and its continuation into N Iraq forms the tectonized NE margin of the Middle East basin. Sedimentation in the Zagros began in the late Precambrian and continued with comparatively few interruptions until the Pliocene, when strong earth movements affected the area and gave rise to the present day large, elongated NW-SE trending structures. Some of the world's largest structurally-controlled oil fields are located in the Zagros. The most productive pay zone is the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation, although significant oil pools are present also in the Cenomanian-Turonian Sarvak limestone and in the Neocomian-Jurassic Khami Group carbonates. Recently, large gas deposits have been discovered in the Permo-Triassic carbonates assigned to the Deh Ram Group. Geochemical studies were carried out in five potential source beds of Eocene-Palaeocene (Pabdeh Formation), Maestrichtian-Campanian (Gurpi Formation), Albian (Kazhdumi Formation), Coniacian-Neocomian (Garau Formation) and Silurian (Gahkum Formation) age. The results showed that the organic matter in these formations is almost exclusively of marine algal origin, and that the Kazhdumi is the major source of the hydrocarbons in the Asmari and Sarvak reservoirs. The origin of the hydrocarbons in the Khami and Deh Ram reservoirs is at present speculative. 19 figures, 1 table.
Ala, M.A.; Kinghorn, R.R.F.; Rahman, M.
Econometric study of an oil-exporting country: the case of Iran
The main objective of this study is to contribute toward an analytical and empirical work on the oil-based developing economy of Iran. It focuses on the aggregate behavior of the Iranian economy through a simple linear econometric model. After a survey of the literature on the theoretical framework of macroeconomic models for the developing countries in general, and for the oil-exporting developing countries in particular, a linear econometric model for the Iranian economy if formulated and its logical and economic aspects are explained. The proposed model consists of basic consumption, production, foreign trade, and employment relationship. Results obtained from the estimation of the consumption functions seem to indicate that the aggregate Iranian consumption behavior can be best explained by Fiedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis. In general, the results of this study demonstrate that the links between different sectors of the Iranian economy are very weak and the import-substitution strategy of the government during the period of study failed to establish a genuine domestic industrial base and to reduce its dependence on foreign resources.
Heiat, A.
Effect of oil revenue on the fertility pattern in Iran, 1952-1976
Counter to expectation based on the experience of developed nations, in Iran the increase of oil revenue from 1952 to 1975 was not accompanied by a decline in the fertility rate. To identify possible determinants of fertility behavior, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) developmental factors such as urbanization, high school or higher education of females, types of occupation and female labor force participation, have a direct negative impact; 2) the developmental variables have an indirect negative effect on fertility through the mean age at first marriage; 3) mean age at first marriage has a direct negative effect on fertility; and 4) in the provinces (Central, Khuzestan, Esfahan, E. Azarbijan) where large amounts of oil revenue was allocated, the fertility rate is lower than the fertility rate in other provinces where small amounts of oil revenue were distributed. Among developmental variables, high school and college education of females aged 15-29 as well as mean age at first marriage of females, or, lower proportion of married females age 20-24 were found to be important factors in depressing the fertility rate.
Nassirpour, M.
Threat of Hydride Re-orientation to Spent Fuel Integrity During Transportation Accidents: Myth or Reality?
The source-term study conducted by Sandia National Laboratories nearly two decades ago for the spent fuel inventory known at the time, which was in the low-to-medium burnup range ({approx}35 GWd/MTU), showed that the effects of transportation accidents on spent fuel failures, and consequential radioactivity release to the environment, were relatively benign. However, with today's discharged fuel burnups routinely greater than 45 GWd/MTU, potential hydride reorientation during interim dry storage, and its effects on cladding properties, has become one of the primary concerns for spent fuel transportation. Laboratory tests of un-irradiated cladding specimens subjected to heat treatments promoting hydride dissolution followed by re-precipitation in the radial direction have shown that relatively moderate concentrations ({approx}70 ppm) of radial hydrides can significantly degrade cladding ductility, at least at room temperature. The absence of specific data that are relevant to high-burnup spent fuel under dry storage conditions have led to the conjecture, deduced from those tests, that massive cladding failures, possibly resulting in fuel reconfiguration, can be expected during cask drop events. Such conclusions are not borne out by the findings in this paper. The analysis results indicate that cladding failure is bi-modal: a state of failure initiation at the cladding ID remaining as part-wall damage with less than 2% probability of occurrence, and a through-wall failure at a probability of 1 E-5. These results indicate that spent fuel conditions that could promote the formation of radial hydrides during dry storage are not sufficient to produce radial hydrides concentrations of significant levels to cause major threat to spent fuel integrity. It is important to note in this regard that the through-wall cladding failure probability of 1 E-5 is of the same order of magnitude as calculated in the cited Sandia study for low burnup fuel. (authors)
Rashid, Joe [ANATECH, 5435 Oberlin Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 (United States); Machiels, Albert [EPRI, 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States)
GRiP - A flexible approach for calculating risk as a function of consequence, vulnerability, and threat.
Get a GRiP (Gravitational Risk Procedure) on risk by using an approach inspired by the physics of gravitational forces between body masses! In April 2010, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Special Events staff (Protective Security Advisors [PSAs]) expressed concern about how to calculate risk given measures of consequence, vulnerability, and threat. The PSAs believed that it is not 'right' to assign zero risk, as a multiplicative formula would imply, to cases in which the threat is reported to be extremely small, and perhaps could even be assigned a value of zero, but for which consequences and vulnerability are potentially high. They needed a different way to aggregate the components into an overall measure of risk. To address these concerns, GRiP was proposed and developed. The inspiration for GRiP is Sir Isaac Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation: the attractive force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the squares of the distance between them. The total force on one body is the sum of the forces from 'other bodies' that influence that body. In the case of risk, the 'other bodies' are the components of risk (R): consequence, vulnerability, and threat (which we denote as C, V, and T, respectively). GRiP treats risk as if it were a body within a cube. Each vertex (corner) of the cube represents one of the eight combinations of minimum and maximum 'values' for consequence, vulnerability, and threat. The risk at each of the vertices is a variable that can be set. Naturally, maximum risk occurs when consequence, vulnerability, and threat are at their maximum values; minimum risk occurs when they are at their minimum values. Analogous to gravitational forces among body masses, the GRiP formula for risk states that the risk at any interior point of the box depends on the squares of the distances from that point to each of the eight vertices. The risk value at an interior (movable) point will be dominated by the value of one vertex as that point moves closer and closer to that one vertex. GRiP is a visualization tool that helps analysts better understand risk and its relationship to consequence, vulnerability, and threat. Estimates of consequence, vulnerability, and threat are external to GRiP; however, the GRiP approach can be linked to models or data that provide estimates of consequence, vulnerability, and threat. For example, the Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Program/Infrastructure Survey Tool produces a vulnerability index (scaled from 0 to 100) that can be used for the vulnerability component of GRiP. We recognize that the values used for risk components can be point estimates and that, in fact, there is uncertainty regarding the exact values of C, V, and T. When we use T = t{sub o} (where t{sub o} is a value of threat in its range), we mean that threat is believed to be in an interval around t{sub o}. Hence, a value of t{sub o} = 0 indicates a 'best estimate' that the threat level is equal to zero, but still allows that it is not impossible for the threat to occur. When t{sub o} = 0 but is potentially small and not exactly zero, there will be little impact on the overall risk value as long as the C and V components are not large. However, when C and/or V have large values, there can be large differences in risk given t{sub o} = 0, and t{sub o} = epsilon (where epsilon is small but greater than a value of zero). We believe this scenario explains the PSA's intuition that risk is not equal to zero when t{sub o} = 0 and C and/or V have large values. (They may also be thinking that if C has an extremely large value, it is unlikely that T is equal to 0; in the terrorist context, T would likely be dependent on C when C is extremely large.) The PSAs are implicitly recognizing the potential that t{sub o} = epsilon. One way to take this possible scenario into account is to replace point estimates for risk with interval values that reflect the uncertainty in the risk components. In fact, one could argue that T never equals zero for a man-made hazard. This
Whitfield, R. G.; Buehring, W. A.; Bassett, G. W. (Decision and Information Sciences)
Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity
The requirement that physical phenomena associated with gravitational collapse should be duly reconciled with the postulates of quantum mechanics implies that at a Planckian scale our world is not 3+1 dimensional. Rather, the observable degrees of freedom can best be described as if they were Boolean variables defined on a two-dimensional lattice, evolving with time. This observation, deduced from not much more than unitarity, entropy and counting arguments, implies severe restrictions on possible models of quantum gravity. Using cellular automata as an example it is argued that this dimensional reduction implies more constraints than the freedom we have in constructing models. This is the main reason why so-far no completely consistent mathematical models of quantum black holes have been found. Essay dedicated to Abdus Salam.
G. 't Hooft
Greenhouse Gas Reductions: SF6
Argonne National Laboratory is leading the way in greenhouse gas reductions, particularly with the recapture and recycling of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). SF6 is a gas used in industry as an anti-arcing agent. It is an extremely potent greenhouse gas ? one pound of SF6 is equivalent to 12 tons of carbon dioxide. While the U.S. does not currently regulate SF6 emissions, Argonne is proactively and voluntarily recovering and recycling to reduce SF6 emissions. Argonne saves over 16,000 tons of SF6 from being emitted into the atmosphere each year, and by recycling the gas rather than purchasing it new, we save taxpayers over $208,000 each year.
Anderson, Diana
Electrolyte treatment for aluminum reduction
A method of treating an electrolyte for use in the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum employing an anode and a cathode, the alumina dissolved in the electrolyte, the treating improving wetting of the cathode with molten aluminum during electrolysis. The method comprises the steps of providing a molten electrolyte comprised of ALF.sub.3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF and LiF, and treating the electrolyte by providing therein 0.004 to 0.2 wt. % of a transition metal or transition metal compound for improved wettability of the cathode with molten aluminum during subsequent electrolysis to reduce alumina to aluminum.
Brown, Craig W. (Seattle, WA); Brooks, Richard J. (Seattle, WA); Frizzle, Patrick B. (Seattle, WA); Juric, Drago D. (Bulleen, AU)
The Plains Co{sub 2} Reduction (PCOR) Partnership continues to make great progress. Task 2 (Technology Deployment) activities have focused on developing information on deployment issues to support Task 5 activities by providing information to be used to assess CO{sub 2} sequestration opportunities in the PCOR Partnership region. Task 3 (Public Outreach) activities have focused on developing an informational video about CO{sub 2} sequestration. Progress in Task 4 (Sources, Sinks, and Infrastructure) has included the continued collection of data regarding CO{sub 2} sources and sinks and data on the performance and costs for CO{sub 2} separation, capture, treatment, and compression for pipeline transportation. Task 5 (Modeling and Phase II Action Plans) activities have focused on screening and qualitatively assessing sequestration options. Task 5 activities also continue to be useful in structuring data collection and other activities in Tasks 2, 3, and 5.
Edward N. Steadman
The Plains CO{sub 2} Reduction (PCOR) Partnership continues to make great progress. Task 2 (Technology Deployment) focused on developing information regarding deployment issues to support Task 5 (Modeling and Phase II Action Plans) by providing information to be used to assess CO{sub 2} sequestration opportunities in the PCOR Partnership region. Task 3 (Public Outreach) focused on developing an informational video about CO{sub 2} sequestration. Progress in Task 4 (Sources, Sinks, and Infrastructure) included the continued collection of data regarding CO{sub 2} sources and sinks and data on the performance and costs for CO{sub 2} separation, capture, treatment, and compression for pipeline transportation. Task 5 focused on screening and qualitatively assessing sequestration options. Task 5 activities also continue to be useful in structuring data collection and other activities in Tasks 2, 3, and 5.
Edward N. Steadman; John A. Harju; Erin M. O'Leary; James A. Sorensen; Daniel J. Daly; Melanie D. Jensen; Thea E. Reikoff
A Qualitative Examination of the History of E-Extension (eXtension), Implementation of Moodle (A Course Management System) and Associated Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
) in Extension. The second part sought to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) related to the use of Moodle as a Course Management System within eXtension. Interviews were conducted with five individuals knowledgeable...
Hightower, Tayla Elise
Water Use Reduction and Efficiency | Department of Energy
Water Use Reduction and Efficiency Water Use Reduction and Efficiency Water Use Reduction and Efficiency The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provides agencies with...
Water Use Reduction and Efficiency Case Studies | Department...
Program Areas Water Use Reduction Water Use Reduction and Efficiency Case Studies Water Use Reduction and Efficiency Case Studies These case studies feature examples of water...
The duration that saltstone retains its ability to immobilize some key radionuclides, such as technetium (Tc), plutonium (Pu), and neptunium (Np), depends on its capacity to maintain a low redox status (or low oxidation state). The reduction capacity is a measure of the mass of reductants present in the saltstone; the reductants are the active ingredients that immobilize Tc, Pu, and Np. Once reductants are exhausted, the saltstone loses its ability to immobilize these radionuclides. The reduction capacity values reported here are based on the Ce(IV)/Fe(II) system. The Portland cement (198 {micro}eq/g) and especially the fly ash (299 {micro}eq/g) had a measurable amount of reduction capacity, but the blast furnace slag (820 {micro}eq/g) not surprisingly accounted for most of the reduction capacity. The blast furnace slag contains ferrous iron and sulfides which are strong reducing and precipitating species for a large number of solids. Three saltstone samples containing 45% slag or one sample containing 90% slag had essentially the same reduction capacity as pure slag. There appears to be some critical concentration between 10% and 45% slag in the Saltstone formulation that is needed to create the maximum reduction capacity. Values from this work supported those previously reported, namely that the reduction capacity of SRS saltstone is about 820 {micro}eq/g; this value is recommended for estimating the longevity that the Saltstone Disposal Facility will retain its ability to immobilize radionuclides.
Roberts, K.; Kaplan, D.
Lead and other trace metals in preeclampsia: A case-control study in Tehran, Iran
To assess the effects of environmental exposures to trace metals on the incidence of preeclampsia, concentrations of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), manganese (Mn), mercury, cadmium, cobalt and zinc in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mother whole blood (MWB) were measured in 396 postpartum women without occupational exposure to metals in Tehran, Iran, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mother's ages ranged from 15 to 49 (mean 27) years. Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 31 subjects (7.8%). Levels of Pb, Sb and Mn in UCB were significantly higher in preeclampsia cases [mean+/-SD of 4.30+/-2.49{mu}g/dl, 4.16+/-2.73 and 46.87+/-15.03{mu}g/l, respectively] than in controls [3.52+/-2.09{mu}g/dl, 3.17+/-2.68 and 40.32+/-15.19{mu}g/l, respectively] (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that one unit increase in the common logarithms of UCB concentration of Pb, Sb or Mn led to increase in the risk of preeclampsia several-fold; unit risks (95% CI) were 12.96 (1.57-107.03), 6.11 (1.11-33.53) and 34.2 (1.81-648.04) for Pb, Sb and Mn, respectively (P<0.05). These findings suggest that environmental exposure to Pb, Sb and Mn may increase the risk of preeclampsia in women without occupational exposure; levels of metals in UCB to be sensitive indicators of female reproductive toxicity as compared with those in mother MWB. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings, especially on Sb and Mn.
Vigeh, Mohsen [Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Yokoyama, Kazuhito [Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-shi, Mie 514-8507 (Japan)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Ramezanzadeh, Fateme [Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Complex Hospitals, Keshavarz Ave., Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Dahaghin, Mojgan [Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Complex Hospitals, Keshavarz Ave., Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sakai, Tadashi [Occupational Poisoning Center, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Morita, Yoko [Occupational Poisoning Center, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Ota-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Kitamura, Fumihiko [National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa (Japan); Sato, Hajime [Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Kobayashi, Yasuki [Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan)
Association of ambient air quality with children`s lung function in urban and rural Iran
During the summer of 1994, a cross-sectional epidemiological study, in which the pulmonary function of children in Tehran was compared with pulmonary function in children in a rural town in Iran, was conducted. Four hundred children aged 5--11 y were studied. Daytime ambient nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter were measured with portable devices, which were placed in the children`s neighborhoods on the days of study. Levels of these ambient substances were markedly higher in urban Tehran than in rural areas. Children`s parents were questioned about home environmental exposures (including heating source and environmental tobacco smoke) and the children`s respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary function was assessed, both by spirometry and peak expiratory flow meter. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity--as a percentage of predicted for age, sex and height--were significantly lower in urban children than in rural children. Both measurements evidenced significant reverse correlations with levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter. Differences in spirometric lung function were not explained by nutritional status, as assessed by height and weight for age, or by home environmental exposures. Reported airway symptoms were higher among rural children, whereas reported physician diagnosis of bronchitis and asthma were higher among urban children. The association between higher pollutant concentrations and reduced pulmonary function in this urban-rural comparison suggests that there is an effect of urban air pollution on short-term lung function and/or lung growth and development during the preadolescent years.
Asgari, M.M.; Dubois, A.; Beckett, W.S. [Yale Univ. School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (United States); Asgari, M. [Shaheed Beheshti Univ., Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Gent, J. [John B. Pierce Lab., New Haven, CT (United States)
NOx reduction in gas turbine combustors
NOx REDUCTION IN GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS A Thesis by Nak Won Sung Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fullfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1976 Major Subject: Mechanical... Engineering NOx REDUCTION IN GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS A Thesis by Nak Won Sung Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committe (Head of Department) (Member) August 1976 "40308 (Member) 1 1. 1 ABSTRACT NOx Reduction in Gas Turbine...
Sung, Nak Won
NOx reduction methods and apparatuses
A NO.sub.x reduction method includes treating a first gas containing NO.sub.x, producing a second gas containing NO.sub.2, reducing a portion of the NO.sub.2 in the second gas to N.sub.2, and producing a third gas containing less NO.sub.x than the first gas, substantially all of the third gas NO.sub.x being NO. The method also includes treating the third gas, producing a fourth gas containing NO.sub.2, reducing a portion of the NO.sub.2 in the fourth gas to N.sub.2, and producing a fifth gas containing less NO.sub.x than the third gas, substantially all of the fifth gas NO.sub.x being NO. Treating the first and/or third gas can include treatment with a plasma. Reducing a portion of the NO.sub.2 in the second and/or fourth gas can include reducing with a catalyst. The method can further include controlling energy consumption of the plasmas independent of each other.
Tonkyn, Russell G.; Barlow, Stephan E.; Balmer, M. Lou; Maupin, Gary D.
The Plains CO{sub 2} Reduction (PCOR) Partnership characterization work is nearing completion, and most remaining efforts are related to finalizing work products. Task 2 (Technology Deployment) has developed a Topical Report entitled ''Deployment Issues Related to Geologic CO{sub 2} Sequestration in the PCOR Partnership Region''. Task 3 (Public Outreach) has developed an informational Public Television program entitled ''Nature in the Balance'', about CO{sub 2} sequestration. The program was completed and aired on Prairie Public Television in this quarter. Task 4 (Sources, Sinks, and Infrastructure) efforts are nearing completion, and data regarding CO{sub 2} sources and sinks and data on the performance and costs for CO{sub 2} separation, capture, treatment, and compression for pipeline transportation are being incorporated into a series of topical reports. The expansion of the Decision Support System Geographic Information System database has continued with the development of a ''save bookmark'' feature that allows users to save a map from the system easily. A feature that allows users to develop a report that summarizes CO{sub 2} sequestration parameters was also developed. Task 5 (Modeling and Phase II Action Plans) focused on screening and qualitatively assessing sequestration options and developing economic estimates for important regional CO{sub 2} sequestration strategies.
Edward N. Steadman; John A. Harju; Erin M. O'Leary; James A. Sorensen; Daniel J. Daly; Melanie D. Jensen; Lisa S. Botnen
Plasma Assisted Catalysis System for NOx Reduction
SCHEMATIC Catalyst for NOx Reduction Plasma Region Exhaust Flow Solid State Pulser Power Modulator Motor Generator ENGINE Air Diesel Fuel Converter NO X + HC(Diesel) NO 2 +...
Pollution Prevention - Environmental Impact Reduction Checklists...
provides a valuable opportunity for Federal agency NEPA309 reviewers to incorporate pollution prevention and environmental impact reduction into actions (or projects). This...
Enantioselective copper-catalysed reductive Michael cyclisations
Hydrometalation of ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds provides access to reactive metal enolates, which can then be trapped by a suitable electrophile. The coppercatalysed reductive aldol reaction involves hydrometalation ...
Oswald, Claire Louise
Puget Sound Clean Cities Petroleum Reduction Project
3 universities, 9 private businesses Overview Puget Sound Clean Cities Coalition Petroleum Reduction Project - DE-EE0002020 Project Objectives: * Reduce petroleum use in the...
H. R. 3743: This Act may be cited as the Iran Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1998, Introduced in the House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, April 29, 1998
The purpose of this bill is to withhold voluntary proportional assistance for programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency relating to the development and completion of the Bushehr nuclear power plant in Iran, and for other purposes. This bill is divided into the following sections: Section 1. Short Title; Section 2. Findings; Section 3. Withholding of voluntary contributions to the International Atomic Energy Agency for programs and projects in Iran. Section 4. Annual review by Secretary of State of programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency; United States opposition to programs and projects of the Agency in Iran; Section 5. Reporting Requirements; and Section 7. Sense of the Congress.
Physical protection: threat response and performance goals as applied at the nuclear material inspection and storage (NMIS) building
Only one aspect of nuclear security has been discussed here, a disciplined approach to physical protection systems (PPS) design. The best security against a multitude of threats to the nuclear industry is a dynamic and multifaceted safeguards program. It is one that combines PPS design with employee screening, reliability or behavioral observation programs, procedural control, assessment techniques, response capabilities, and security hardware. To be effective, such a program must be supported by management and applied uniformly to all personnel, including the safeguards and security staff.
Sanford, T.H.
Petroleum-based accumulation and the state form in Iran: aspects of social and geographical differentiation, 1953-1979
The paradox of impressive economic growth leading to revolutionary change in Iran demonstrates the obvious limitations of current theories in dealing with the oil-producing countries, the state, and the development planning process. The Iranian state's failure in reproducing itself becomes all the more interesting when set in its historical context of abundant capital, labor, and planning. This research argues that the regime of petroleum-based accumulation (PBA) and state intervention in Iran led to an extensive form of economic growth on one level, and to a highly differentiated form of social and geographical development on the other. The main purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of localization (the allocation of money capital to particular economic sectors, social classes, and geographical locations) of the oil rents and explore its relations with the state (form, functions, and limits), with the planning process, and with the process of social and geographical differentiation. The study's main conclusion is that social and geographical differentiation can be reduced in a localization process only where the state is democratized and access to the oil rents is regulated in a public, rather than a private, mode.
Imam-Jomeh, I.
Steam Load Reduction Guidance Emergency Management Program
Steam Load Reduction Guidance Emergency Management Program v October 2014 Steam_Load_Reduction_Guidance_DSRDSR 1.0 PurposeandScope Utilities provides steam to the campus community for space heating, hot water in the steam distribution system or the Central Energy Plant, the preservation of building infrastructure
Pawlowski, Wojtek
The United States is concurrently pursuing the goals of reducing the size of its nuclear weapons force – strategic and non-strategic, deployed and non-deployed – and of modernizing the weapons it continues to possess. Many of the existing systems were deployed 30 to 50 years ago, and the modernization process can be expected to extend over the next decade or more. Given the impossibility of predicting the future over the lifetime of systems that could extend to the end of this century, it is essential that dead ends in force development be avoided, and the flexibility and availability of options be retained that allow for • Scalability downward in the event that further reductions are agreed upon; • Reposturing to respond to changes in threat levels and to new nuclear actors; and • Breakout response in the event that a competitor significantly increases its force size or force capability, In this paper, we examine the current motivations for reductions and modernization; review a number of historical systems and the attendant capabilities that have been eliminated in recent decades; discuss the current path forward for the U.S. nuclear force; provide a view of the evolving deterrence situation and our assessment of the uncertainties involved; and present examples of possibly problematic directions in force development. We close with our thoughts on how to maintain flexibility and the availability of options for which a need might recur in the future.
Swegle, John A.; Tincher, Douglas J.
This is the first of three papers (in addition to an introductory summary) aimed at providing a framework for evaluating future reductions or modifications of the U.S. nuclear force, first by considering previous instances in which nuclear-force capabilities were eliminated; second by looking forward into at least the foreseeable future at the features of global and regional deterrence (recognizing that new weapon systems currently projected will have expected lifetimes stretching beyond our ability to predict the future); and third by providing examples of past or possible undesirable outcomes in the shaping of the future nuclear force, as well as some closing thoughts for the future. This paper examines the circumstances and consequences of the elimination of ? The INF-range Pershing II ballistic missile and Gryphon Ground-Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM), deployed by NATO under a dual-track strategy to counter Soviet intermediate-range missiles while pursuing negotiations to limit or eliminate all of these missiles. ? The Short-Range Attack Missile (SRAM), which was actually a family of missiles including SRAM A, SRAM B (never deployed), and SRAM II and SRAM T, these last two cancelled during an over-budget/behind-schedule development phase as part of the Presidential Nuclear Initiatives of 1991 and 1992. ? The nuclear-armed version of the Tomahawk Land-Attack Cruise Missile (TLAM/N), first limited to shore-based storage by the PNIs, and finally eliminated in deliberations surrounding the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review Report. ? The Missile-X (MX), or Peacekeeper, a heavy MIRVed ICBM, deployed in fixed silos, rather than in an originally proposed mobile mode. Peacekeeper was likely intended as a bargaining chip to facilitate elimination of Russian heavy missiles. The plan failed when START II did not enter into force, and the missiles were eliminated at the end of their intended service life. ? The Small ICBM (SICBM), or Midgetman, a road-mobile, single-warhead missile for which per-unit costs were climbing when it was eliminated under the PNIs. Although there were liabilities associated with each of these systems, there were also unique capabilities; this paper lays out the pros and cons for each. Further, we articulate the capabilities that were eliminated with these systems.
A methodology for the evaluation of the turbine jet engine fragment threat to generic air transportable containers
Uncontained, high-energy gas turbine engine fragments are a potential threat to air-transportable containers carried aboard jet aircraft. The threat to a generic example container is evaluated by probability analyses and penetration testing to demonstrate the methodology to be used in the evaluation of a specific container/aircraft/engine combination. Fragment/container impact probability is the product of the uncontained fragment release rate and the geometric probability that a container is in the path of this fragment. The probability of a high-energy rotor burst fragment from four generic aircraft engines striking one of the containment vessels aboard a transport aircraft is approximately 1.2 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} strikes/hour. Finite element penetration analyses and tests can be performed to identify specific fragments which have the potential to penetrate a generic or specific containment vessel. The relatively low probability of engine fragment/container impacts is primarily due to the low release rate of uncontained, hazardous jet engine fragments.
Harding, D.C.; Pierce, J.D.
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71Jl"A\\\\l' Jl ].'J!lC SOUTH'WJEST FOJRUI~§1I' &. IRAN~Jl1E EXlPIE1RII MEN1I' §l'ATn(QJN 1966 F' 0 ul~ Llr e 71Jl"A\\\\l' Jl ].'J!lC SOUTH'WJEST FOJRUI~§1I' &. IRAN~Jl1E EXlPIE1RII MEN1I' §l
Suspension Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Oxide Concentrates
The objective of the project is to develop a new ironmaking technology based on hydrogen and fine iron oxide concentrates in a suspension reduction process. The ultimate objective of the new technology is to replace the blast furnace and to drastically reduce CO2 emissions in the steel industry. The goals of this phase of development are; the performance of detailed material and energy balances, thermochemical and equilibrium calculations for sulfur and phosphorus impurities, the determination of the complete kinetics of hydrogen reduction and bench-scale testing of the suspension reduction process using a large laboratory flash reactor.
H.Y. Sohn
Highway noise reduction by barrier walls
's Variables 3. Noise Reduction and Noise Reduction Factor 4. Relationship Between Noise Attenuation and d 5. Rettinger's Variables 6. Relationship of Sound-Level Reduction and v 7. Basic Principles in Sound-Transmission Loss 8. The Mass Law Relationship... that the barrier wall is acoustically opaque (i. e. , impermeable to sound waves). Purcell (8) found that the noise transmission loss of a wall was a measure of the ratio of the acoustical energy transmitted through the wall to the acoustical energy incident...
Young, Murray F
Nox reduction system utilizing pulsed hydrocarbon injection
Hydrocarbon co-reductants, such as diesel fuel, are added by pulsed injection to internal combustion engine exhaust to reduce exhaust NO.sub.x to N.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst. Exhaust NO.sub.x reduction of at least 50% in the emissions is achieved with the addition of less than 5% fuel as a source of the hydrocarbon co-reductants. By means of pulsing the hydrocarbon flow, the amount of pulsed hydrocarbon vapor (itself a pollutant) can be minimized relative to the amount of NO.sub.x species removed.
Brusasco, Raymond M. (Livermore, CA); Penetrante, Bernardino M. (San Ramon, CA); Vogtlin, George E. (Fremont, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA)
Oxygen reduction on platinum : an EIS study
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum over yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is examined via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for oxygen partial pressures between 10-4 and 1 atm and at temperatures ...
Golfinopoulos, Theodore
Timelike reduction and T-duality
In the light of recent developments in Superstring Theory, it has become of interest to study Kaluza-Klein dimensional reduction of supergravities not only on spatial manifolds, but also on the time direction. We study a particularly relevant class...
Scuro, Sante Rodolfo
in lean adsorption rich reduction cycles NO x Sorption (NO x Traps) Disadvantages Typical Usage Method Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy...
Vehicle Technologies Office: National Idling Reduction Network...
News. To receive NIRNN by e-mail monthly, please e-mail Patricia Weikersheimer. Search Past Newsletters The National Idling Reduction Network News is currently sent as an HTML...
Sharing the Burden of GHG Reductions
The G8 countries propose a goal of a 50% reduction in global emissions by 2050, in an effort that needs to take account of other agreements specifying that developing countries are to be provided with incentives to action ...
Jacoby, Henry D.
Energy Efficiency Interest Rate Reduction Program
The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) offers interest rate reductions to home buyers purchasing new and existing homes with 5 Star and 5 Star Plus energy ratings. All homes constructed on...
Solid Waste Reduction, Recovery, and Recycling
This statute expresses the strong support of the State of Wisconsin for the reduction of the amount of solid waste generated, the reuse, recycling and composting of solid waste, and resource...
Energy Efficiency Potential Study. Technical Report Energy Efficiency Potential Study. Technical Report Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Technologies Transportation Assessment of Household Carbon Footprint Reduction Potentials is the final report
Masanet, Eric
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act (Maryland)
The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act requires the Department of the Environment to publish and update an inventory of statewide greenhouse gas emissions for calendar year 2006 and requires...
Reduction of metal oxides through mechanochemical processing
The low temperature reduction of a metal oxide using mechanochemical processing techniques. The reduction reactions are induced mechanically by milling the reactants. In one embodiment of the invention, titanium oxide TiO.sub.2 is milled with CaH.sub.2 to produce TiH.sub.2. Low temperature heat treating, in the range of 400.degree. C. to 700.degree. C., can be used to remove the hydrogen in the titanium hydride.
Froes, Francis H. (Moscow, ID); Eranezhuth, Baburaj G. (Moscow, ID); Senkov, Oleg N. (Moscow, ID)
Physical chemistry of carbothermic reduction of alumina
Production of aluminium, by means of carbothermic reduction of alumina, is discussed. By employing a solvent metal bath to absorb the alumina metal, carbothermic reduction of alumina was accomplished at temperatures 300/degree/C lower than the temperatures reported in the literature. Reduction occurred without the formation of intermediate compounds and without the high volatilization of aluminum bearing species. Reduction of alumina immersed in a solvent bath appeared to be rate limited by chemical reaction control. The rates seemed to be a function of the activity of aluminum in the solvent metal bath. Reduction of alumina particles, above the surface of the bath, seemed to occur via vapor transport with carbon in the particles or in the crucible walls. Mass transport in the gas phase appeared to be rate limiting. The rates seemed to be a function of the distance separating the alumina and carbon sources. With both submerged alumina and alumina particles, increasing the surface area of the alumina increased the rate of reduction. 58 refs., 65 figs., 9 tabs.
Frank, Robert A.
Voluntary Agreements for Energy Efficiency or GHG EmissionsReduction in Industry: An Assessment of Programs Around the World
Voluntary agreements for energy efficiency improvement and reduction of energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a popular policy instrument for the industrial sector in industrialized countries since the 1990s. A number of these national-level voluntary agreement programs are now being modified and strengthened, while additional countries--including some recently industrialized and developing countries--are adopting these type of agreements in an effort to increase the energy efficiency of their industrial sectors.Voluntary agreement programs can be roughly divided into three broad categories: (1) programs that are completely voluntary, (2) programs that use the threat of future regulations or energy/GHG emissions taxes as a motivation for participation, and (3) programs that are implemented in conjunction with an existing energy/GHG emissions tax policy or with strict regulations. A variety of government-provided incentives as well as penalties are associated with these programs. This paper reviews 23 energy efficiency or GHG emissions reduction voluntary agreement programs in 18 countries, including countries in Europe, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) and discusses preliminary lessons learned regarding program design and effectiveness. The paper notes that such agreement programs, in which companies inventory and manage their energy use and GHG emissions to meet specific reduction targets, are an essential first step towards GHG emissions trading programs.
Price, Lynn
Estimating direct, diffuse, and global solar radiation for various cities in Iran by two methods and their comparison with the measured data
Two computational methods for calculating hourly, daily, and monthly average values of direct, diffuse, and global solar radiation on horizontal collectors have been presented in this article for location with different latitude, altitude, and atmospheric conditions in Iran. These methods were developed using two different independent sets of measured data from the Iranian Meteorological Organization (IMO) for two cities in Iran (Tehran and Isfahan) during 14 years of measurement for Tehran and 4 years of measurement for Isfahan. Comparison of calculated monthly average global solar radiation, using the two models for Tehran and Isfahan with measured data from the IMO, has indicated a good agreement between them. Then these developed methods were extended to another location (city of Bandar-Abbas), where measured data are not available. But the work of Daneshyar predicts its monthly global radiation. The maximum discrepancy of 7% between the developed models and the work of Daneshyar was observed.
Ashjaee, M.; Roomina, M.R.; Ghafouri-Azar, R. (Univ. of Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of))
Final report of the independent counsel for Iran/Contra matters. Volume 2: Indictments, plea agreements, interim reports to the congress, and administrative matters
In October and November 1986, two secret U.S. Government operations were publicly exposed, potentially implicating Reagan Administration officials in illegal activities. These operations were the provision of assistance to the military activities of the Nicaraguan contra rebels during an October 1984 to October 1986 prohibition on such aid, and the sale of U.S. arms to Iran in contravention of stated U.S. policy and in possible violation of arms-export controls. In late November 1986, Reagan Administration officials announced that some of the proceeds from the sale of U.S. arms to Iran had been diverted to the contras. As a result, Attorney General Edwin Meese III sought the appointment of an independent counsel to investigate and prosecute possible crimes. Volume II contains indictments, plea agreements, interim reports to Congress and administrative matters from that investigation.
Metal melting for volume reduction and recycle
This paper summarizes the experiences with melting contaminated steel materials for volume reduction and melting uranium-contaminated copper and aluminum for possible recycle. In the past there has not been an economic incentive to reduce the volume of low-level beta-gamma contaminated metallic scrap materials in the United States. With the rising cost of transportation and burial facility fees new interest in volume reduction is being generated. This new interest has been primarily focused at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) where the Waste Experimental Reduction Facility (WERF) was established to demonstrate both metal melting and incineration of combustible material for volume reduction. Other demonstration programs involving melting for volume reduction and recycle of aluminum and copper, as well as ferrous scrap, were related to the Cascade Improvement and Cascade Upgrade Programs (CIP/CUP) at the Paducah, Kentucky facility. While the melting demonstrations for the CIP/CUP material were not primarily based on economic incentives, several observations recorded during the programs are of interest with regard to melting of copper and aluminum. (4 refs., 8 tabs.)
Miller, R.L.
Drag reduction in coal log pipelines
It is well-known that solutions of dissolved long-chain macromolecules produce lower friction or drag losses than with the solvent alone. In coal log pipeline (CLP), water is the conveying medium. Synthetic polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) have been dissolved in water and tested for their extent of drag reduction as a function of concentration and other variables. Lab-scale experimental results for CLP indicate substantial drag reduction at low concentration levels of polymer. But, the macromolecules exhibit degradation under mechanical shear stresses. The large molecules break into smaller units. This degradation effect causes a loss of drag reduction. However, high levels of drag reduction can be maintained as follows: (1) by injecting polymer into the CLP at several locations along the pipeline, (2) by injecting polymer of different particle sizes, (3) by using more robust types of polymers, or (4) by using polymer-fiber mixtures. This report presents the value of drag-reducing agents in terms of pumping power net cost savings. In addition, this report outlines the environmental impact of drag reduction polymers, and end-of-pipeline water treatment processes. For an operating CLP, hundreds of miles in length, the use of poly(ethylene oxide) as a drag reducing agent provides significant pumping power cost savings at a minimal materials cost.
Marrero, T.R.; Liu, H. [Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Capsule Pipeline Research Center
Low Temperature Combustion and Diesel Emission Reduction Research...
Low Temperature Combustion and Diesel Emission Reduction Research Low Temperature Combustion and Diesel Emission Reduction Research Presentation given at DEER 2006, August 20-24,...
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The Mechanisms of Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in...
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Catalytic reduction system for oxygen-rich exhaust
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Selective reduction of NOx in oxygen rich environments with plasma...
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Testing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity with the Rotating...
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Polyelectrolyte-Induced Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide...
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Carbon Emissions Reduction Potential in the US Chemicals and...
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Dynamometer Evaluation of Plasma-Catalyst for Diesel NOx Reduction...
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Mexico - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baselines and Reduction Potentials...
Baselines and Reduction Potentials from Buildings Jump to: navigation, search Name Mexico - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baselines and Reduction Potentials from Buildings Agency...
Abstract --Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a critical threat to the Internet. Currently, most ISPs merely rely
Abstract -- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a critical threat to the Internet. Currently, most ISPs merely rely on manual detection of DDoS attacks after which offline fine- grain traffic-evolving characteristics of the attacking packets. Recently, we have proposed a DDoS defense architecture that supports
Lee, Ruby B.
An Overview of the New USGS Environmental Health Mission Area The health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms and people is under continuing threats from
and resurging infectious diseases and environmental contamination. Changes in chemical use and the ways in whichAn Overview of the New USGS Environmental Health Mission Area Background The health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms and people is under continuing threats from pathogenic diseases and exposure
Fleskes, Joe
Situation Threat Assessment Policy and Protocol (Updated 9/1/11) Rowan University is committed to promoting a safe and secure learning environment. It is
appropriate actions, which may include suspension, expulsion, involuntary leave of absence, filing of criminal parties, or expressed in private writings. Possession of any item used as a weapon such as a firearm Threat Assessment Team will recommend actions to the Vice President for Student Life & Dean of Students
Mapping the Impact of Security Threats on Safety-Critical Global Navigation Satellite Systems Chris W. Johnson (1), A. Atencia Yepez (2)
Mapping the Impact of Security Threats on Safety-Critical Global Navigation Satellite Systems Chris of attack scenarios can be used to assess the resilience of safety cases to the impact of external security accident advocated the development of safety argumentation across the oil and gas industry (US Presidential
MITIGATING THE THREAT TO SOLAR SYSTEM SCIENCE IMPOSED BY MCT PROGRAMS. Michael H. Wong, Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3411
MITIGATING THE THREAT TO SOLAR SYSTEM SCIENCE IMPOSED BY MCT PROGRAMS. Michael H. Wong, Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3411 firstname.lastname@example.com A White Paper on HST's highly-productive solar system science program, which is characterized by projects with relatively small
Abstract--Grazing incidence metal mirrors in laser-driven IFE power plants are subject to a variety of threats that result
Abstract--Grazing incidence metal mirrors in laser-driven IFE power plants are subject to a variety [4] at UCSD, and help define design windows for the GIMM in a laser-driven IFE power plant of threats that result in damages leading to increased laser absorption, beam quality degradation and reduced
Attitudes and perceptions of urban households in sub-Saharan Africa on water sources, threats and sustainability: A study in Bondo, Kenya
, threats and sustainability: A study in Bondo, Kenya Daniel M Nzengya School of Sustainability, Arizona growth is already happening in most of Kenya's cities and towns. In the Lake Victoria region, increasing the danger of water- and sanitation-related diseases. A survey was conducted in Bondo town, Kenya
Hall, Sharon J.
Calculation and Experiment of Adding Top Beryllium Shims for Iran MNSR
Miniature Neutron Source Reactor which is called MNSR were put into operation on June 1994 in Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC). At that time the excess reactivity at the cold condition was 3.85 mk. After 7 years of operation and fuel consumption the reactivity was reduced to 2.90 mk. To compensate this reduction and upgrade the reactor, Beryllium Shim were used at the top of the core. This paper discusses the steps for this accurate and sensitive task. Finally a layer of 1.5 mm Beryllium were added to restore the reactor life. (authors)
Ebadati, Javad; Rezvanifard, Mehdi; Shahabi, Iraj [Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center - ENTC (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Dose reduction at nuclear power plants
The collective dose equivalent at nuclear power plants increased from 1250 rem in 1969 to nearly 54,000 rem in 1980. This rise is attributable primarily to an increase in nuclear generated power from 1289 MW-y to 29,155 MW-y; and secondly, to increased average plant age. However, considerable variation in exposure occurs from plant to plant depending on plant type, refueling, maintenance, etc. In order to understand the factors influencing these differences, an investigation was initiated to study dose-reduction techniques and effectiveness of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) planning at light water plants. Objectives are to: identify high-dose maintenance tasks and related dose-reduction techniques; investigate utilization of high-reliability, low-maintenance equipment; recommend improved radioactive waste handling equipment and procedures; examine incentives for dose reduction; and compile an ALARA handbook.
Baum, J.W.; Dionne, B.J.
Scientific American: Threats of War, Chances for Peace http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=C7412A92-E7F2-... 1 of 2 4/24/2007 11:34 AM
Scientific American: Threats of War, Chances for Peace http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=C7412A92-E7F2-... 1 of 2 4/24/2007 11:34 AM February 18, 2007 Threats of War, Chances for Peace Preventing the spread of war will depend on strategies that recognize the shared interests of adversaries
A Comparison Between Model Reduction and Controller Reduction: Application to a PWR Nuclear Planty
A Comparison Between Model Reduction and Controller Reduction: Application to a PWR Nuclear email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Electricite de France, Direction des Etudes et Recherches, 6 Quai Watier, F-78041 of a controller for the secondary circuit of a nu- clear Pressurized Water Reactor, leading to the conclu- sions
Gevers, Michel
Danish Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scenarios for 2020
Environmental Protection Agency, Danish Energy Authority and Danish Ministry of Finance. The consultancy reportDanish Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scenarios for 2020 and 2050 February 2008 Prepared by Ea Energy 54 2.9 ENERGY RESOURCES 55 3 DANISH GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION 58 3.1 GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCES 58 4
2 Key Achievements 7 Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Princeton University Reports Contents 2 Key Achievements 7 Greenhouse Gas Reduction Campus Energy was established in 2008, the University has invested $5.3 million in energy-savings projects, resulting in annual of a 5.2-megawatt solar collector field. · Audit the remaining 20 of the top 50 energy- consuming
Dissimilatory Metal Reduction by Anaeromyxobacter Species
Recent findings suggest that Anaeromyxobacter populations play relevant roles in metal and radionuclide reduction and immobilization at contaminated DOE sites. This research effort will characterize Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C as well as other Anaeromyxobacter isolates in hand, and assess their contribution towards metal detoxification and plume stabilization under environmentally relevant conditions.
Qingzhong Wu; Cornell Gayle; Frank Löffler; Sanford, Robert
Equimultiplicity, reduction, and blowing up.pdf
reduction of .1 if lJn = Jm1 for some integer n; or, eguivalently, if J is contained in the ...... 5/955; so if q is a minimal prime divisor of mR, and Rq is flat over S, then.
"Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Poverty Reduction
"Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Poverty Reduction: Is conservation the answer?" Paul van. Most ecosystems will change in the future. 2. Loss of species and biodiversity will continue to happen Energy Demand Urbanisation Climate Change Water Availability Infectious Diseases Biodiversity Loss #12
Cyclone reduction of taconite. Final report
A cyclone reactor system for the partial reduction and melting of taconite concentrate fines has been engineered, designed and operated. A non-transferred arc plasma torch was employed as a heat source. Taconite fines, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were fed axially into the reactor, while the plasma gas was introduced tangentially into the cyclone. The average reactor temperature was maintained at above 1400{degrees}C, and reduction experiments were performed under various conditions. The influence of the following parameters on the reduction of taconite was investigated experimentally; carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide inlet feed ratio, carbon monoxide inlet partial pressure, and average reactor temperature. The interactions of the graphite lining with carbon dioxide and taconite were also studied. An attempt was made to characterize the flow behavior of the molten product within the cyclone. The results suggest that the system may approach a plug flow reactor, with little back mixing. Finally, a fundamental mathematical model was developed. The model describes the flow dynamics of gases and solid particles in a cyclone reactor, energy exchange, mass transfer, and the chemical kinetics associated with cyclone smelting of taconite concentrate fines. The influence of the various parameters on the reduction and melting of taconite particles was evaluated theoretically.
Taylor, P.R.; Bartlett, R.W.; Abdel-latif, M.A.; Hou, X.; Kumar, P. [College of Mines and Earth Resources, University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens: Metal Reduction
and in the generation of electricity. G. sulfurreducens, a member of the - Proteobacteria and of the family GeobacterGenome of Geobacter sulfurreducens: Metal Reduction in Subsurface Environments B. A. Methe´,1 * K. Utterback,1 S. E. Van Aken,1 D. R. Lovley,2 C. M. Fraser1 The complete genome sequence of Geobacter
Lovley, Derek
Waste reduction through consumer education. Final report
The Waste Reduction through Consumer Education research project was conducted to determine how environmental educational strategies influence purchasing behavior in the supermarket. The objectives were to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate consumer education strategies for waste reduction. The amount of waste generated by packaging size and form, with an adjustment for local recyclability of waste, was determined for 14 product categories identified as having more waste generating and less waste generating product choices (a total of 484 products). Using supermarket scan data and shopper identification numbers, the research tracked the purchases of shoppers in groups receiving different education treatments for 9 months. Statistical tests applied to the purchase data assessed patterns of change between the groups by treatment period. Analysis of the data revealed few meaningful statistical differences between study groups or changes in behavior over time. Findings suggest that broad brush consumer education about waste reduction is not effective in changing purchasing behaviors in the short term. However, it may help create a general awareness of the issues surrounding excess packaging and consumer responsibility. The study concludes that the answer to waste reduction in the future may be a combination of voluntary initiatives by manufacturers and retailers, governmental intervention, and better-informed consumers.
Harrison, E.Z.
Australia's Humanitarian Action Policy and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy
to get more information Disaster Risk Reduction Team Disaster Prevention and Risk Reduction Section GrantAustralia's Humanitarian Action Policy and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy A Commitment: · Disaster risk reduction is integrated into the Australian aid program · Capacity of partner governments
An Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Mutation Rates at Multiple Loci
An Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Mutation Rates at Multiple Loci Lee Altenberg altenber of the reduction principle is found: reduction results at individual loci combine topologically to produce to the reduction principle, and under fine tuning of mutation rates would be expected to have higher mutation rates
Altenberg, Lee
efficiency technology, such as residential electric heat pump water heaters, can cause carbon reduction to
Dr. Sam; V. Shelton; Laura A. Schaefer
Plasma-assisted catalytic storage reduction system
A two-stage method for NO.sub.x reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust comprises a plasma oxidative stage and a storage reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NO.sub.x gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean NO.sub.x trap to convert such NO.sub.2 to environmentally benign gases that include N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage with a plasma, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced. For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a first chamber in which a non-thermal plasma converts NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons, such as propene. A flow of such hydrocarbons (C.sub.x H.sub.y) is input from usually a second pipe into at least a portion of the first chamber. The NO.sub.2 from the plasma treatment proceeds to a storage reduction catalyst (lean NO.sub.x trap) that converts NO.sub.2 to N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O, and includes a nitrate-forming catalytic site. The hydrocarbons and NO.sub.x are simultaneously reduced while passing through the lean-NO.sub.x trap catalyst. The method allows for enhanced NO.sub.x reduction in vehicular engine exhausts, particularly those having relatively high sulfur contents.
Penetrante, Bernardino M. (San Ramon, CA); Vogtlin, George E. (Fremont, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA); Brusasco, Raymond M. (Livermore, CA)
Radioactive and other environmental threats to the United States and the Arctic resulting from past Soviet activities
Earlier this year the Senate Intelligence Committee began to receive reports from environmental and nuclear scientists in Russia detailing the reckless nuclear waste disposal practices, nuclear accidents and the use of nuclear detonations. We found that information disturbing to say the least. Also troubling is the fact that 15 Chernobyl style RBMK nuclear power reactors continue to operate in the former Soviet Union today. These reactors lack a containment structure and they`re designed in such a way that nuclear reaction can actually increase when the reactor overheats. As scientists here at the University of Alaska have documented, polar air masses and prevailing weather patterns provide a pathway for radioactive contaminants from Eastern Europe and Western Russia, where many of these reactors are located. The threats presented by those potential radioactive risks are just a part of a larger Arctic pollution problem. Every day, industrial activities of the former Soviet Union continue to create pollutants. I think we should face up to the reality that in a country struggling for economic survival, environment protection isn`t necessarily the high priority. And that could be very troubling news for the Arctic in the future.
SmallholderSmallholder CarbonCarbon AgroforestryAgroforestry && Carbon for Poverty ReductionCarbon for Poverty Reduction
SmallholderSmallholder CarbonCarbon AgroforestryAgroforestry && Carbon for Poverty ReductionCarbon for Poverty Reduction Roundtable (CAPR)Roundtable (CAPR) GEO Forest Monitoring SymposiumGEO Forest Monitoring)Amazon Initiative Consortium (IA) #12;Carbon for Poverty Reduction Roundtable (CAPR)Carbon for Poverty Reduction
10.1177/0270467605279324BULLETIN OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY / October 2005Imboela / POVERTY REDUCTION IN ZAMBIA Poverty Reduction in Zambia
10.1177/0270467605279324BULLETIN OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY / October 2005Imboela / POVERTY REDUCTION IN ZAMBIA Poverty Reduction in Zambia: A Conceptual Analysis of the Zambian Poverty Reduction Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs) present a recipient country's program of intent for the utiliza
Delaware, University of
Integrating multi-criteria decision analysis for a GIS-based hazardous waste landfill sitting in Kurdistan Province, western Iran
The evaluation of a hazardous waste disposal site is a complicated process because it requires data from diverse social and environmental fields. These data often involve processing of a significant amount of spatial information which can be used by GIS as an important tool for land use suitability analysis. This paper presents a multi-criteria decision analysis alongside with a geospatial analysis for the selection of hazardous waste landfill sites in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. The study employs a two-stage analysis to provide a spatial decision support system for hazardous waste management in a typically under developed region. The purpose of GIS was to perform an initial screening process to eliminate unsuitable land followed by utilization of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to identify the most suitable sites using the information provided by the regional experts with reference to new chosen criteria. Using 21 exclusionary criteria, as input layers, masked maps were prepared. Creating various intermediate or analysis map layers a final overlay map was obtained representing areas for hazardous waste landfill sites. In order to evaluate different landfill sites produced by the overlaying a landfill suitability index system was developed representing cumulative effects of relative importance (weights) and suitability values of 14 non-exclusionary criteria including several criteria resulting from field observation. Using this suitability index 15 different sites were visited and based on the numerical evaluation provided by MCDA most suitable sites were determined.
Sharifi, Mozafar [Razi University Center for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Baghabrisham 67149, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Hadidi, Mosslem [Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com; Vessali, Elahe [Paradise Ave, Azad University, School of Agriculture, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com; Mosstafakhani, Parasto [Razi University Centre for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Baghabrisham 67149, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Taheri, Kamal [Regional office of Water Resource Management, Zan Boulevard, Kermanshah (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com; Shahoie, Saber [Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kurdistan University, University Boulevard, Sanandadj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com; Khodamoradpour, Mehran [Regional office of Climatology, Sanandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Modelling Hydrogen Reduction and Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygenates
Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, we have studied the reduction of nickel oxide and biomass derived oxygenates (catechol, guaiacol, etc.) in hydrogen. Both the kinetic barrier and thermodynamic favorability are calculated with respect to the modeled reaction pathways. In early-stage reduction of the NiO(100) surface by hydrogen, the pull-off of the surface oxygen atom and simultaneous activation of the nearby Ni atoms coordinately dissociate the hydrogen molecules so that a water molecule can be formed, leaving an oxygen vacancy on the surface. In hydrogen reaction with oxygenates catalyzed by transition metals, hydrogenation of the aromatic carbon ring normally dominates. However, selective deoxygenation is of particular interest for practical application such as biofuel conversion. Our modeling shows that doping of the transition metal catalysts can change the orientation of oxygenates adsorbed on metal surfaces. The correlation between the selectivity of reaction and the orientation of adsorption are discussed.
Zhao, Y.; Xu, Q.; Cheah, S.
Multi-Site Energy Reduction Through Teamwork
Multi-Site Energy Reduction Through Teamwork Thomas R. Theising Energy/Waste Management and Procurement Manager BASF Corporation Freeport, Texas ABSTRACT Energy Teams were established at seven locations in Tennessee, Texas... to the business. The completion of an energy audit will leave a laundry list of ideas to be considered. The energy management process, at the Site level, begins at this point. At BASF, we have found the most successful method of evaluating...
Tutterow, V.; Walters, T.
Electrical Cost Reduction Via Steam Turbine Cogeneration
ELECTRICAL COST REDUCTION VIA STEAM TURBINE COGENERATION LYNN B. DI TULLIO, P.E. Project Engineer Ewing Power Systems, Inc. South Deerfield, Mass. ABSTRACT Steam turbine cogeneration is a well established technology which is widely used... mature technology. Steam turbines and engines have been used by industry to cogen erate power since before there were electric utilities. While the technology for turbines, generators and controls has continued to develop there is very little about...
Ewing, T. S.; Di Tullio, L. B.
Incomplete Dirac reduction of constrained Hamiltonian systems
First-class constraints constitute a potential obstacle to the computation of a Poisson bracket in Dirac's theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems. Using the pseudoinverse instead of the inverse of the matrix defined by the Poisson brackets between the constraints, we show that a Dirac-Poisson bracket can be constructed, even if it corresponds to an incomplete reduction of the original Hamiltonian system. The uniqueness of Dirac brackets is discussed.
C. Chandre
Reduction potentials of vesicle-bound viologens
Thermodynamic reduction potentials have been determined by using spectroelectrochemical and cyclic voltammetric methods for a homologous series of amphiphilic ciologens (N-methyl-N{prime}-alkyl-4,4{prime}-bipyridinium ions, C{sub n}MV{sup 2+}) in a variety of media, including dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP), dioctadecylimethylammonium, and phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles. In general, potentials for both one-electron steps, i.e., C{sub n}MV{sup 2+} + e{sup {minus}} {yields} C{sub n}MV{sup +} and C{sub n}MV{sup +} + e{sup {minus}} {yields} C{sub n}MV{sup 0}, were insensitive to the alkyl chain length, which was varied over the range n = 6{minus}20. The single exception was a large decrease ({approximately}100 mV) in the first reduction potential for DHP-bound viologens when the chain length was increased from n = 10 to n = 12; this effect was attributed to a change in binding topography. The magnitudes of the reduction potentials were highly dependent upon the vesicle charge; the pattern observed indicated that interfacial electrostatic interactions between the surfactant headgroups and bipyridinium rings were the dominant factors determining the potentials. As discussed in the text, the data allow resolution of several heretofore puzzling observations concerning viologen reactivities in microphase suspensions.
Yabin Lei; Hurst, J.K. (Oregon Graduate Inst. of Science and Technology, Beaverton (United States))
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