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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Methane production by attached film
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A method for purifying wastewater of biodegradable organics by converting the organics to methane and carbon dioxide gases is disclosed, characterized by the use of an anaerobic attached film expanded bed reactor for the reaction process. Dilute organic waste material is initially seeded with a heterogeneous anaerobic bacteria population including a methane-producing bacteria. The seeded organic waste material is introduced into the bottom of the expanded bed reactor which includes a particulate support media coated with a polysaccharide film. A low-velocity upward flow of the organic waste material is established through the bed during which the attached bacterial film reacts with the organic material to produce methane and carbon dioxide gases, purified water, and a small amount of residual effluent material. The residual effluent material is filtered by the film as it flows upwardly through the reactor bed. In a preferred embodiment, partially treated effluent material is recycled from the top of the bed to the bottom of the bed for further treatment. The methane and carbon dioxide gases are then separated from the residual effluent material and purified water.
Jewell, William J. (202 Eastwood Ave., Ithaca, NY 14850)
FREE FILM SCREENING AND DISCUSSION Abstract from Jezebel Productions
E-Print Network [OSTI]
FREE FILM SCREENING AND DISCUSSION Abstract from Jezebel Productions: "No Dinosaurs in Heaven charge: free and open to the public. THURSDAY OCTOBER 27, 2011 7:00 PM Mackey Auditorium Ruby Gerontology
de Lijser, Peter
Thin Film Packaging Solutions for High Efficiency OLED Lighting Products
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The objective of the 'Thin Film Packaging Solutions for High Efficiency OLED Lighting Products' project is to demonstrate thin film packaging solutions based on SiC hermetic coatings that, when applied to glass and plastic substrates, support OLED lighting devices by providing longer life with greater efficiency at lower cost than is currently available. Phase I Objective: Demonstrate thin film encapsulated working phosphorescent OLED devices on optical glass with lifetime of 1,000 hour life, CRI greater than 75, and 15 lm/W. Phase II Objective: Demonstrate thin film encapsulated working phosphorescent OLED devices on plastic or glass composite with 25 lm/W, 5,000 hours life, and CRI greater than 80. Phase III Objective: Demonstrate 2 x 2 ft{sup 2} thin film encapsulated working phosphorescent OLED with 40 lm/W, 10,000 hour life, and CRI greater than 85. This report details the efforts of Phase III (Budget Period Three), a fourteen month collaborative effort that focused on optimization of high-efficiency phosphorescent OLED devices and thin-film encapsulation of said devices. The report further details the conclusions and recommendations of the project team that have foundation in all three budget periods for the program. During the conduct of the Thin Film Packaging Solutions for High Efficiency OLED Lighting Products program, including budget period three, the project team completed and delivered the following achievements: (1) a three-year marketing effort that characterized the near-term and longer-term OLED market, identified customer and consumer lighting needs, and suggested prototype product concepts and niche OLED applications lighting that will give rise to broader market acceptance as a source for wide area illumination and energy conservation; (2) a thin film encapsulation technology with a lifetime of nearly 15,000 hours, tested by calcium coupons, while stored at 16 C and 40% relative humidity ('RH'). This encapsulation technology was characterized as having less than 10% change in transmission during the 15,000 hour test period; (3) demonstrated thin film encapsulation of a phosphorescent OLED device with 1,500 hours of lifetime at 60 C and 80% RH; (4) demonstrated that a thin film laminate encapsulation, in addition to the direct thin film deposition process, of a polymer OLED device was another feasible packaging strategy for OLED lighting. The thin film laminate strategy was developed to mitigate defects, demonstrate roll-to-roll process capability for high volume throughput (reduce costs) and to support a potential commercial pathway that is less dependent upon integrated manufacturing since the laminate could be sold as a rolled good; (5) demonstrated that low cost 'blue' glass substrates could be coated with a siloxane barrier layer for planarization and ion-protection and used in the fabrication of a polymer OLED lighting device. This study further demonstrated that the substrate cost has potential for huge cost reductions from the white borosilicate glass substrate currently used by the OLED lighting industry; (6) delivered four-square feet of white phosphorescent OLED technology, including novel high efficiency devices with 82 CRI, greater than 50 lm/W efficiency, and more than 1,000 hours lifetime in a product concept model shelf; (7) presented and or published more than twenty internal studies (for private use), three external presentations (OLED workshop-for public use), and five technology-related external presentations (industry conferences-for public use); and (8) issued five patent applications, which are in various maturity stages at time of publication. Delivery of thin film encapsulated white phosphorescent OLED lighting technology remains a challenging technical achievement, and it seems that commercial availability of thin, bright, white OLED light that meets market requirements will continue to require research and development effort. However, there will be glass encapsulated white OLED lighting products commercialized in niche markets during the 2008 calendar year. This commercializ
Evaluating the Economic Impact of Film Production Incentives in South Carolina
Evaluating the Economic Impact of Film Production Incentives in South Carolina Prepared by Division (2008) February 2008 #12;Evaluating the Economic Impact of Film Production Incentives in South Carolina. #12;Evaluating the Economic Impact of Film Production Incentives in South Carolina, 2 This model
Almor, Amit
An In Situ Al K-Edge XAS Investigation of the Local Environment of H+-and Cu+-Exchanged USY and ZSM-5 Zeolites
An In Situ Al K-Edge XAS Investigation of the Local Environment of H+- and Cu+-Exchanged USY charge-compensating cations (NH4 + , H+ , or Cu+ ) was investigated by Al K-edge EXAFS and XANES-ray absorption data. Both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Al were observed for hydrated H-USY and H
Bell, Alexis T.
Filming Guidelines The University of Strathclyde welcomes production companies and filmmakers to use
Filming Guidelines The University of Strathclyde welcomes production companies and filmmakers place with the written permission of the University and the production company must ensure companies is the University's Press Office (tel: 0141 548 4123 / 2370) or mailto
Mottram, Nigel
Process for leveling film surfaces and products thereof
Semiconductor films and photovoltaic devices prepared therefrom are provided wherein the semiconductor films have a specular surface with a texture less than about 0.25 micron greater than the average planar film surface and wherein the semiconductor films are surface modified by exposing the surface to an aqueous solution of bromine containing an acid or salt and continuing such exposure for a time sufficient to etch the surface. 8 figs.
Birkmire, R.W.; McCandless, B.E.
SEARCH FOR CHARGED -PARTICLE d -d FUSION PRODUCTS IN AN ENCAPSULATED Pd THIN FILM
SEARCH FOR CHARGED - PARTICLE d - d FUSION PRODUCTS IN AN ENCAPSULATED Pd THIN FILM E. L�pez, B the possibility of deuteron-deuteron (d-d) fusion at room temperature within the bulk palladium electrode / Pd ratio exceeding 100 %. The palladium film was encapsulated with a thin layer of silicon nitride
Neuhauser, Barbara
Amorphous tin-cadmium oxide films and the production thereof
A tin-cadmium oxide film having an amorphous structure and a ratio of tin atoms to cadmium atoms of between 1:1 and 3:1. The tin-cadmium oxide film may have an optical band gap of between 2.7 eV and 3.35 eV. The film may also have a charge carrier concentration of between 1.times.10.sup.20 cm.sup.-3 and 2.times.10.sup.20 cm.sup.-3. The tin cadmium oxide film may also exhibit a Hall mobility of between 40 cm.sup.2V.sup.-1 s.sup.-1 and 60 cm.sup.2V.sup.-1 s.sup.-1. Also disclosed is a method of producing an amorphous tin-cadmium oxide film as described and devices using same.
Li, Xiaonan; Gessert, Timothy A
Continuous Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition for Scalable Production of CdS Films
Solution deposition offers an attractive, low temperature option in the cost effective production of thin film solar cells. Continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition (MASD) was used to produce nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates with excellent uniformity. We report a novel liquid coating technique using a ceramic rod to efficiently and uniformly apply reactive solution to large substrates (152 mm � 152 mm). This technique represents an inexpensive approach to utilize the MASD on the substrate for uniform growth of CdS films. Nano-crystalline CdS films have been produced from liquid phase at ~90�C, with average thicknesses of 70 nm to 230 nm and with a 5 to 12% thickness variation. The CdS films produced were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-Ray diffraction to demonstrate their suitability to thin-film solar technology.
Ramprasad, Sudhir; Su, Yu-Wei; Chang, Chih-Hung; Paul, Brian; Palo, Daniel R.
Amorphous semiconducting and conducting transparent metal oxide thin films and production thereof
Metal oxide thin films and production thereof are disclosed. An exemplary method of producing a metal oxide thin film may comprise introducing at least two metallic elements and oxygen into a process chamber to form a metal oxide. The method may also comprise depositing the metal oxide on a substrate in the process chamber. The method may also comprise simultaneously controlling a ratio of the at least two metallic elements and a stoichiometry of the oxygen during deposition. Exemplary amorphous metal oxide thin films produced according to the methods herein may exhibit highly transparent properties, highly conductive properties, and/or other opto-electronic properties.
Perkins, John (Boulder, CO); Van Hest, Marinus Franciscus Antonius Maria (Lakewood, CO); Ginley, David (Evergreen, CO); Taylor, Matthew (Golden, CO); Neuman, George A. (Holland, MI); Luten, Henry A. (Holland, MI); Forgette, Jeffrey A. (Hudsonville, MI); Anderson, John S. (Holland, MI)
VOL.31,NO.2 WINTER 2005 usiness is booming again at UW-Madison's Engineering Career Services (ECS), and that's great news
1 VOL.31,NO.2 WINTER 2005 B usiness is booming again at UW-Madison's Engineering Career Services for BS students since 2001," says Associate Director of Engineering Career Services Susan Piacenza. "Fall across all majors. While majors like civil and environmental engineering held steady even during
Sheridan, Jennifer
Encapsulation of titanium (IV) silsesquioxane into the NH{sub 4}USY zeolite: Preparation, characterization and application
This work describes the encapsulation of titanium (IV) silsesquioxane into the supercavities of NH{sub 4}USY ultra stabilized zeolite, after chemical treatment. The modified zeolite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, Nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravity. This encapsulated titanium (IV) silsesquioxane can adsorb Azure A chloride after treatment with H{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, without modifier leaching problems. In an electrochemical study, the cyclic voltammograms of the graphite paste modified electrode, shows two redox couples with formal potential (E{sup 0}') -0.1 V and 0.21 V to I and II redox couples respectively (v=700mVs{sup -1}; Britton Robinson buffer (B-R) solution, pH 3) versus SCE ascribed to a monomer and dimmer of azure. This paper shows the use of ultra stabilized zeolite in the electrochemical field as host for molecules with nanometric dimensions.
Ribeiro do Carmo, Devaney [Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), Departamento de Fisica e Quimica, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Dias Filho, Newton Luiz [Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (UNESP), Departamento de Fisica e Quimica, Av. Brasil Centro, 56 CEP 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP (Brazil); Ramos Stradiotto, Nelson [Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Instituto de Quimica PO Box, Araraquara, SP (Brazil)
Rigging skeletal perissodactyl and artiodactyl ungulate limbs using analytic inverse kinematic-based solutions for a feature film production environment
The goal of this thesis is to develop and construct a repeatable, scalable, and portable rigging solution for the skeletal limbs of ungulates, maximizing functionality while streamlining intuitive interface controls for a feature film production...
Telford, William Lawrence, Jr
transfer thnough a window by using Intrex film as a heatwindow construction will be PROCESS DESCRIPTION Intrex filmWindows and Lighting Program Building 90, Room 2056 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, California -ii- A DISCUSSION OF HEAT MIRROR FILM:
Levin, B. P.
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Transformation Reaction Compared with its Transalkylation Reaction with Toluene over USY Zeolite Catalyst
energies were found to decrease as follows: Etransalkylation > Eisomerization > Edisproportionation. 1 and drive the search to increase xylene production processes. In 1999, the world consumption of mixed xylene
Al-Khattaf, Sulaiman
High Efficiency CdTe/CdS Thin Film solar Cells by a Process Suitable for Large Scale Production. N. Romeo, A. Bosio, A. Romeo, M. Bianucci, L. Bonci, C. Lenti
High Efficiency CdTe/CdS Thin Film solar Cells by a Process Suitable for Large Scale Production. N-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT: It has been demonstrated that CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells can exhibit an efficiency around 16 Film. 1 INTRODUCTION CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells have a good possibility to be produced on large
Romeo, Alessandro
Process for production of solution-derived (Pb,La)(Nb,Sn,Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} thin films and powders
A simple and rapid process for synthesizing (Pb,La)(Nb,Sn,Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} precursor solutions and subsequent ferroelectric thin films and powders of the perovskite phase of these materials has been developed. This process offers advantages over standard methods, including: rapid solution synthesis (<10 minutes), use of commercially available materials, film production under ambient conditions, ease of lanthanum dissolution at high concentrations, and no heating requirements during solution synthesis. For lanthanum-doped ferroelectric materials, the lanthanum source can be added with total synthesis time less than 10 minutes. Films and powders are crystallized at approximately 650 C and exhibit ferroelectric properties comparable to films and powders produced by other techniques which require higher crystallization temperatures. 2 figs.
Boyle, T.J.
Review: German Film after Germany. Toward a Transnational Aesthetic
Halle. German Film After Germany. Toward a Transnationalof film production in Germany has changed rapidly. Thescale. German Film After Germany: Toward a Transnational
Theisen, Bianca
Amorphous Si Thin Film Based Photocathodes with High Photovoltage for Efficient Hydrogen Production
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and § Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United for solar hydrogen production. With platinum as prototypical cocatalyst, a photocurrent onset potential of 0
Javey, Ali
Scalable production of microbially-mediated ZnS nanoparticles and application to functional thin films
A series of semiconducting zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were scalably, reproducibly, controllably, and economically synthesized with anaerobic metal-reducing Thermoanaerobacter species. They reduced partially oxidized sulfur sources to sulfides that extracellularly and thermodynamically incorporated with zinc ions to produce sparingly soluble ZnS nanoparticles with ~5 nm crystallites at yields of ~5 g l 1 month 1. A predominant sphalerite formation was facilitated by rapid precipitation kinetics, low cation/anion ratio, higher zinc concentration, water stabilization, or some combination of the four. The sphalerite ZnS nanoparticles exhibited narrow size distribution, high emission intensity, and few native defects. Scale-up and emission tunability using copper-doping were confirmed spectroscopically. Surface characterization was determined using Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, which confirmed amine and carboxylic acid not only maintaining a nano-dimensional average crystallite size, but also increasing aggregation. Application of ZnS nanoparticle ink to a functional thin film was successfully tested for potential future applications.
Moon, Ji Won [ORNL; Ivanov, Ilia N [ORNL; Joshi, Pooran C [ORNL; Armstrong, Beth L [ORNL; Wang, Wei [ORNL; Jung, Hyunsung [ORNL; Rondinone, Adam Justin [ORNL; Jellison Jr, Gerald Earle [ORNL; Meyer III, Harry M [ORNL; Jang, Gyoung Gug [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Meisner, Roberta [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Duty, Chad E [ORNL; Phelps, Tommy Joe [ORNL
A study of the distribution and production rates of ethylene within the cotton plant
or non-existence of a physio- logical role. The purpose of' this study was to determine the actual rates of production and internal concentration of ethylene in vegetative cotton tissue using three different . echniques. REVIEW OF LITERATURE... that ilium-inating gas caused epinastic bending of leaf petioles. Usi. ng plants sensizive to ethyjene, such as potato, tomato, ancl mimosa, this bio- assay was used o detect gas leaks. gine:e the bioassay did not show complete specificity for ethy] en...
McAfee, James A
Final LDRD report : metal oxide films, nanostructures, and heterostructures for solar hydrogen production.
The distinction between electricity and fuel use in analyses of global power consumption statistics highlights the critical importance of establishing efficient synthesis techniques for solar fuels-those chemicals whose bond energies are obtained through conversion processes driven by solar energy. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes show potential for the production of solar fuels because of their demonstrated versatility in facilitating optoelectronic and chemical conversion processes. Tandem PEC-photovoltaic modular configurations for the generation of hydrogen from water and sunlight (solar water splitting) provide an opportunity to develop a low-cost and efficient energy conversion scheme. The critical component in devices of this type is the PEC photoelectrode, which must be optically absorptive, chemically stable, and possess the required electronic band alignment with the electrochemical scale for its charge carriers to have sufficient potential to drive the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. After many decades of investigation, the primary technological obstacle remains the development of photoelectrode structures capable of efficient conversion of light with visible frequencies, which is abundant in the solar spectrum. Metal oxides represent one of the few material classes that can be made photoactive and remain stable to perform the required functions.
Kronawitter, Coleman X. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA; Antoun, Bonnie R.; Mao, Samuel S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
Block copolymer micellar thin films as templates for the production of tunable inorganic nanocluster arrays and their applications
In the past decade, the use of self-assembling systems for the fabrication of materials on the nanometer scale has been an active area of research. Block copolymer thin films are a subclass of' self-assembling systems that ...
Bennett, Ryan Derek
A Si Photocathode Protected and Activated with a Catalytic Ti and Ni Composite Film for Solar Hydrogen Production in Water
, stable and scalable hybrid photo- electrode for visible-light-driven H2 generation in an aque- ous pH 9.2 electrolyte solution is reported. The photoca- thode consists of a p-type Si substrate layered with a Ti and Ni-containing composite film, which acts... for several hours, and serves as a benchmark non-noble photocathode for solar H2 evolution that operates efficiently under neutral�alka- line conditions. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an attractive strategy to generate the renewable energy...
Lai, Yi-Hsuan; Park, Hyun S.; Zhang, Jenny Z.; Matthews, Peter D.; Wright, Dominic S.; Reisner, Erwin
Fe(III) doped and grafted PbTiO{sub 3} film photocathode with enhanced photoactivity for hydrogen production
The photoelectrochemical activity of the PbTiO{sub 3} film photocathode deposited on indium tin oxide-coated quartz substrate was significantly improved through modifying the film surface by both the Fe(III) doping and grafting. Doping the PbTiO{sub 3} with Fe(III) ions narrows its band gap thus increases the visible light utilization, while the surface-grafted Fe(III) ions on the doped PbTiO{sub 3} surface are helpful to improve the charge transfer on the photocathode/electrolyte interface. Consequently, the photocurrent was increased from 38??A/cm{sup 2} to 220??A/cm{sup 2} under the irradiation of 100 mW/cm{sup 2} Xe lamp by using 0.1M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} as an electrolyte and zero-potential versus saturated calomel as a reference electrode. The corresponding increase in open circuit voltage was 0.95�1.11?V.
Hu, Yuxiang; Dong, Wen; Zheng, Fengang; Fang, Liang; Shen, Mingrong, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006 (China)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Algae production R&D focuses on exploring resource use and availability, algal biomass development and improvements, characterizing algal biomass components, and the ecology and engineering of...
Drama and Communication, Media and Film
of contemporary communication technologies. If you wish to take courses in digital media production, please meet in more specialized areas in theatre production, performance, media studies and digital media productionDrama and Communication, Media and Film Drama and Communication, Media and Film is a dynamic
Algae production R&D focuses on exploring resource use and availability, algal biomass development and improvements, characterizing algal biomass components, and the ecology and engineering of cultivation systems.
Nanocomposite films
A thin-film composition of nanocrystal molybdenum in an amorphous metallic matrix may be formed by co-sputtering Mo with aluminum or nickel. NEMS cantilevers may be formed from the film. The films exhibit high nanoindentation hardness and a reduction in roughness and intrinsic stress, while maintaining resistivity in the metallic range.
Mitlin, David (Edmonton, CA); , Ophus, Colin (Edmonton, CA); Evoy, Stephane (Edmonton, CA); Radmilovic, Velimir (Piedmont, CA); Mohammadi, Reza (Edmonton, CA); Westra, Ken (Edmonton, CA); Nelson-Fitzpatrick, Nathaniel (Edmonton, CA); Lee, Zonghoon (Albany, CA)
Thin Film Reliability SEMICONDUCTORS
Thin Film Reliability SEMICONDUCTORS Our goal is to develop new ways to evaluate the reliability $250 billion per year. As semiconductor devices become ultra miniaturized, reliability testing becomes-world conditions as possible will enable product designers to better balance performance and reliability
Anode film formation and control
A protective film is created about the anode within a cryolite-based electrolyte during electrolytic production of aluminum from alumina. The film functions to minimize corrosion of the anode by the cryolitic electrolyte and thereby extend the life of the anode. Various operating parameters of the electrolytic process are controlled to maintain the protective film about the anode in a protective state throughout the electrolytic reduction of alumina. Such parameters include electrolyte temperature, electrolyte ratio, current density, and Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] concentration. An apparatus is also disclosed to enable identification of the onset of anode corrosion due to disruption of the film to provide real time information regarding the state of the film. 3 figs.
Koski, O.; Marschman, S.C.
Epitaxial thin films
Epitatial thin films for use as buffer layers for high temperature superconductors, electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), gas separation membranes or dielectric material in electronic devices, are disclosed. By using CCVD, CACVD or any other suitable deposition process, epitaxial films having pore-free, ideal grain boundaries, and dense structure can be formed. Several different types of materials are disclosed for use as buffer layers in high temperature superconductors. In addition, the use of epitaxial thin films for electrolytes and electrode formation in SOFCs results in densification for pore-free and ideal gain boundary/interface microstructure. Gas separation membranes for the production of oxygen and hydrogen are also disclosed. These semipermeable membranes are formed by high-quality, dense, gas-tight, pinhole free sub-micro scale layers of mixed-conducting oxides on porous ceramic substrates. Epitaxial thin films as dielectric material in capacitors are also taught herein. Capacitors are utilized according to their capacitance values which are dependent on their physical structure and dielectric permittivity. The epitaxial thin films of the current invention form low-loss dielectric layers with extremely high permittivity. This high permittivity allows for the formation of capacitors that can have their capacitance adjusted by applying a DC bias between their electrodes.
Hunt, Andrew Tye; Deshpande, Girish; Lin, Wen-Yi; Jan, Tzyy-Jiuan
Institute of Photo Electronic Thin Film Devices and Technology...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Technology of Nankai University Place: Tianjin Municipality, China Zip: 300071 Sector: Solar Product: A thin-film solar cell research institute in China. References: Institute...
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND DIGITAL MEDIA Lecturer Pool: Film and Video Production The Film and Digital Media Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz in museums, galleries, film and new media festivals, public television or other venues. Teaching experience
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Carbonaceous film coating
A method of making a carbonaceous film comprising heating tris(1,3,2-benzodiazaborolo)borazine or dodecahydro tris(1,3,2)diazaborine(1,2-a:1'2'-c:1''2''-e)borazine in an inert atmosphere in the presence of a substrate to a temperature at which the borazine compound decomposes, and the decomposition products deposit onto the substrate to form a thin, tenacious, highly reflective conductive coating having a narrow band gap which is susceptible of modification and a relatively low coefficient of friction.
Maya, L.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT OF FILM & DIGITAL MEDIA Lecturer Pool: Digital Media Production and Critical Studies The Film and Digital Media Department at the University courses in the area of digital media production and/or the critical study of digital media. Qualified
Doug MacLellan 2014 Communication, Media and Film
that combines a social sciences, theory based format with digital media production. This makes our program Honours Program in Digital Journalism and Communication, Media and Film and other Combined Honours, Media and Film such as new media and digital culture; digital media production; popular culture
Ferroelectric ultrathin perovskite films
Disclosed herein are perovskite ferroelectric thin-film. Also disclosed are methods of controlling the properties of ferroelectric thin films. These films can be used in a variety materials and devices, such as catalysts and storage media, respectively.
Rappe, Andrew M; Kolpak, Alexie Michelle
Wear of diamond and diamondlike carbon films.
Detailed tribological studies on diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have confirmed that these films are inherently self-lubricating and resistant to abrasive, adhesive and corrosive wear. Because of their high chemical inertness, they are also resistant to corrosion and oxidation (even at elevated temperatures). The combination of such exceptional qualities in these films makes them ideal for a wide range of demanding tribological applications (such as microelectromechanical systems, cutting tools, mechanical seals, magnetic hard disks, etc.). These films, available for more than three decades, have been used extensively for tooling and magnetic hard disk applications. Their potential in other application areas is currently being explored around the world. With the development of new and more robust deposition methods in recent years, it is envisioned that the production of high quality diamond and DLC films will become very cost effective and highly reliable for large-scale applications in the transportation and manufacturing sectors. In this paper, sliding wear mechanisms of diamond and DLC films will be presented. Specifically, it will be shown that, in general the wear of these films is extremely low (mainly because of their exceptional hardness and low friction characteristics). Specific test conditions established during each sliding test, however, may dramatically affect the wear performance of certain diamond and DLC films. One of the dominant wear mechanismsrelates to a phase transformation that is primarily the result of very high mechanical and thermal loadings of sliding contact interfaces. The transformation products (such as disordered graphite) trapped at the sliding interface may transfer to themating surface and significantly affect friction and wear. This paper describes, in terms of structural and fundamental tribological knowledge, the ideal film microstructures and chemistry, as well as operational conditions under which diamond and DLC films perform the best and provide superlow friction and wear properties in sliding tribological applications.
Erdemir, A.; Energy Technology
Infrared sensor for CVD deposition of dielectric films
Infrared emission (IRE) spectra were obtained from two borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) thin-film sample sets. The first set consisted of 21 films deposited on undoped silicon wafers, and the second set consisted of 9 films deposited on patterned and doped (product) wafers. The IRE data were empirically modeled using partial least-squares calibration to simultaneously quantify four BPSG thin-film properties. The standard errors of the determinations when modeling the 21 monitor wafers were film thickness, and 1.9{degree}C for temperature. The standard errors of the determinations based on the product wafers were 0.13 wt % each for B and P content, 120 {angstrom} for film thickness, and 5.9 C for temperature.
Niemczyk, T.M.; Franke, J.E.; Zhang, S. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Haaland, D.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Thin Film Materials and Processing Techniques for a Next Generation Photovoltaic Device: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-470
This research extends thin film materials and processes relevant to the development and production of a next generation photovoltaic device.
van Hest, M.
Communication, Media and Film Media are all around us, influencing
BA in Communication, Media and Film. Additionally, we offer a Combined Honours Program in Digital focus on a particular area of study within Communication, Media and Film such as new media and digital culture; digital media production; popular culture and media literacy; advertising, public relations
Synthesis of nanomesh, thin film nanocomposite, nanocomposite membranes and synthesis of potassium ion selective membrane electrodes
Synthesis of nanomesh, thin film nanocomposite, nanocomposite membranes and synthesis of potassium and naofibers, which has potential use in protection of agricultural products from hailing. We developed
Singh, Jayant K.
Universal Scientific Industrial USI Group | Open Energy Information
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Project Profile: Development and Productization of High-Efficiency...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Low-Cost Building-Integrated PV Shingles Using Monocrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells Project Profile: Development and Productization of High-Efficiency, Low-Cost...
Study of Fe-Co Nanocomposite Films
Moessbauer study of nanogranular ferromagnetic FeCo films is presented. Two ways of production of nanocomposite systems were employed: (i) hollow cathode plasma jet deposition process, and (ii) laser ablation from Fe-Co metallic targets by means of a KrF excimer laser and r.f. magnetron sputtering. Complementary information on the composition of the samples were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance of {sup 57}Fe and {sup 59}Co nuclei, conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The films contain crystalline nanoparticles, 5-20 nm in size, embedded in an amorphous matrix.
Lancok, A.; Klementova, M. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the AS CR, v. v. i., 250 68 Husinec-Rez 1001 (Czech Republic); Kohout, J. [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics. Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Prague (Czech Republic); Miglierini, M. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the AS CR, v. v. i., 250 68 Husinec-Rez 1001 (Czech Republic); Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava (Slovakia); Fendrych, F.; Lancok, J. [Institute of Physics AS CR, v. v. i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague (Czech Republic)
Environmental Aspects of Thin Film Module Production and Product Lifetime
-SiGe #12;4 Tellurium for PV* from Copper SmeltersTellurium for PV* from Copper Smelters 0 500 1000 1500
Ohta, Shigemi
Stabilized chromium oxide film
Stabilized air-oxidized chromium films deposited on high-power klystron ceramic windows and sleeves having a thickness between 20 and 150A are useful in lowering secondary electron emission yield and in avoiding multipactoring and window failure due to overheating. The ceramic substrate for the film is chosen from alumina, sapphire or beryllium oxide.
Nyaiesh, A.R.; Garwin, E.L.
Stabilized air-oxidized chromium films deposited on high-power klystron ceramic windows and sleeves having a thickness between 20 and 150.ANG. are useful in lowering secondary electron emission yield and in avoiding multipactoring and window failure due to overheating. The ceramic substrate for the film is chosen from alumina, sapphire or beryllium oxide.
Garwin, Edward L. (Los Altos, CA); Nyaiesh, Ali R. (Palo Alto, CA)
Thick film hydrogen sensor
A thick film hydrogen sensor element includes an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having deposited thereon a thick film metallization forming at least two resistors. The metallization is a sintered composition of Pd and a sinterable binder such as glass frit. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors.
Hoffheins, Barbara S. (Knoxville, TN); Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes on amorphous carbon films R.F. Klie a,*, D. Ciuparu b
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes on amorphous carbon films R.F. Klie a,*, D. Ciuparu b , L. Pfefferle, that are inherent to the production process of the amorphous carbon support films, used for both SEM and TEM studies appear in both commercial as well as homemade holey carbon support films on copper grids, and suggest
Harris, Peter J F
Nuclear cask testing films misleading and misused
In 1977 and 1978, Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE), filmed a series of crash and fire tests performed on three casks designed to transport irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies. While the tests were performed to assess the applicability of scale and computer modeling techniques to actual accidents, films of them were quickly pressed into service by the DOE and nuclear utilities as ``proof`` to the public of the safety of the casks. In the public debate over the safety of irradiated nuclear fuel transportation, the films have served as the mainstay for the nuclear industry. Although the scripts of all the films were reviewed by USDOE officials before production, they contain numerous misleading concepts and images, and omit significant facts. The shorter versions eliminated qualifying statements contained in the longer version, and created false impressions. This paper discusses factors which cast doubt on the veracity of the films and the results of the tests.
Audin, L. [Audin (Lindsay), Ossining, NY (United States)
In 1977 and 1978, Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE), filmed a series of crash and fire tests performed on three casks designed to transport irradiated nuclear fuel assemblies. While the tests were performed to assess the applicability of scale and computer modeling techniques to actual accidents, films of them were quickly pressed into service by the DOE and nuclear utilities as proof'' to the public of the safety of the casks. In the public debate over the safety of irradiated nuclear fuel transportation, the films have served as the mainstay for the nuclear industry. Although the scripts of all the films were reviewed by USDOE officials before production, they contain numerous misleading concepts and images, and omit significant facts. The shorter versions eliminated qualifying statements contained in the longer version, and created false impressions. This paper discusses factors which cast doubt on the veracity of the films and the results of the tests.
Audin, L. (Audin (Lindsay), Ossining, NY (United States))
Ultrahard carbon nanocomposite films
Modest thermal annealing to 600 C of diamondlike amorphous-carbon (a-C) films grown at room temperature results in the formation of carbon nanocomposites with hardness similar to diamond. These nanocomposite films consist of nanometer-sized regions of high density a-C embedded in an a-C matrix with a reduced density of 5--10%. The authors report on the evolution of density and bonding topologies as a function of annealing temperature. Despite a decrease in density, film hardness actually increases {approximately} 15% due to the development of the nanocomposite structure.
Thin film hydrogen sensor
A thin film hydrogen sensor includes a substantially flat ceramic substrate with first and second planar sides and a first substrate end opposite a second substrate end; a thin film temperature responsive resistor on the first planar side of the substrate proximate to the first substrate end; a thin film hydrogen responsive metal resistor on the first planar side of the substrate proximate to the fist substrate end and proximate to the temperature responsive resistor; and a heater on the second planar side of the substrate proximate to the first end. 5 figs.
Cheng, Y.T.; Poli, A.A.; Meltser, M.A.
A thin film hydrogen sensor, includes: a substantially flat ceramic substrate with first and second planar sides and a first substrate end opposite a second substrate end; a thin film temperature responsive resistor on the first planar side of the substrate proximate to the first substrate end; a thin film hydrogen responsive metal resistor on the first planar side of the substrate proximate to the fist substrate end and proximate to the temperature responsive resistor; and a heater on the second planar side of the substrate proximate to the first end.
Cheng, Yang-Tse (Rochester Hills, MI); Poli, Andrea A. (Livonia, MI); Meltser, Mark Alexander (Pittsford, NY)
Process for preparing group Ib-IIIa-VIa semiconducting films
Methods are provided for the production of supported monophasic group I-III-VI semiconductor films. In the subject methods, a substrate is coated with group I and III elements and then contacted with a reactive group VI element containing atmosphere under conditions sufficient to produce a substrate coated with a composite of at least two different group I-III-IV alloys. The resultant composite coated substrate is then annealed in an inert atmosphere under conditions sufficient to convert the composite coating to a monophasic group I-III-VI semiconductor film. The resultant supported semiconductor films find use in photovoltaic applications, particularly as absorber layers in solar cells.
Birkmire, Robert W. (Churchville, MD); Schultz, Jerold M. (Newark, DE); Marudachalam, Matheswaran (Newark, DE); Hichri, Habib (Newark, DE)
Methods are provided for the production of supported monophasic group I-III-VI semiconductor films. In the subject methods, a substrate is coated with group I and III elements and then contacted with a reactive group VI element containing atmosphere under conditions sufficient to produce a substrate coated with a composite of at least two different group I-III-IV alloys. The resultant composite coated substrate is then annealed in an inert atmosphere under conditions sufficient to convert the composite coating to a monophasic group I-III-VI semiconductor film. The resultant supported semiconductor films find use in photovoltaic applications, particularly as absorber layers in solar cells. 4 figs.
Birkmire, R.W.; Schultz, J.M.; Marudachalam, M.; Hichri, H.
Thin Film Photovoltaics Research
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports research and development of four thin-film technologies on the path to achieving cost-competitive solar energy, including:
Flexible Ultra Moisture Barrier Film for Thin-Film Photovoltaic Applications
Flexible Thin-film photovoltaic (TFPV) is a low cost alternative to incumbent c-Si PV products as it requires less volume of costly semiconductor materials and it can potentially reduce installation cost. Among the TFPV options, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) has the highest efficiency and is believed to be one of the most attractive candidates to achieve PV cost reduction. However, CIGS cells are very moisture sensitive and require module water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of less than 1x10-4 gram of water per square meter per day (g-H2O/m2/day). Successful development and commercialization of flexible transparent ultra moisture barrier film is the key to enable flexible CIGS TFPV products, and thus enable ultimate PV cost reduction. At DuPont, we have demonstrated at lab scale that we can successfully make polymer-based flexible transparent ultra moisture barrier film by depositing alumina on polymer films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. The layer by layer ALD approach results in uniform and amorphous structure which effectively reduces pinhole density of the inorganic coating on the polymer, and thus allow the fabrication of flexible barrier film with WVTR of 10-5 g-H2O/m2/day. Currently ALD is a time-consuming process suitable only for high-value, relatively small substrates. To successfully commercialize the ALD-on-plastic technology for the PV industry, there is the need to scale up this technology and improve throughput. The goal of this contract work was to build a prototype demonstrating that the ALD technology could be scaled-up for commercial use. Unfortunately, the prototype failed to produce an ultra-barrier film by the close of the project.
David M. Dean
Smart Materials Behaviour in Phosphates: Role of Hydroxyl Groups and Relevance to Antiwear Films
by heating a commercial zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP, a common antiwear additive in lubricating oils) in poly--olefin base oil solutions to 150 C, a process known to produce the thermal films, Its structure in commercial lubricants. Their decomposition products form films on metal surfaces thereby protecting them from
Mueser, Martin
Preparation Of Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Films For Solar Cells
High quality thin films of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide useful in the production of solar cells are prepared by electrodepositing at least one of the constituent metals onto a glass/Mo substrate, followed by physical vapor deposition of copper and selenium or indium and selenium to adjust the final stoichiometry of the thin film to approximately Cu(In,Ga)Se.sub.2. Using an AC voltage of 1-100 KHz in combination with a DC voltage for electrodeposition improves the morphology and growth rate of the deposited thin film. An electrodeposition solution comprising at least in part an organic solvent may be used in conjunction with an increased cathodic potential to increase the gallium content of the electrodeposited thin film.
Bhattacharya, Raghu N. (Littleton, CO); Contreras, Miguel A. (Golden, CO); Keane, James (Lakewood, CO); Tennant, Andrew L. (Denver, CO), Tuttle, John R. (Denver, CO); Ramanathan, Kannan (Lakewood, CO); Noufi, Rommel (Golden, CO)
Thin film photovoltaic device
A thin film photovoltaic solar cell which utilizes a zinc phosphide semiconductor is of the homojunction type comprising an n-type conductivity region forming an electrical junction with a p-type region, both regions consisting essentially of the same semiconductor material. The n-type region is formed by treating zinc phosphide with an extrinsic dopant such as magnesium. The semiconductor is formed on a multilayer substrate which acts as an opaque contact. Various transparent contacts may be used, including a thin metal film of the same chemical composition as the n-type dopant or conductive oxides or metal grids. 5 figs.
Catalano, A.W.; Bhushan, M.
A thin film photovoltaic solar cell which utilizes a zinc phosphide semiconductor is of the homojunction type comprising an n-type conductivity region forming an electrical junction with a p-type region, both regions consisting essentially of the same semiconductor material. The n-type region is formed by treating zinc phosphide with an extrinsic dopant such as magnesium. The semiconductor is formed on a multilayer substrate which acts as an opaque contact. Various transparent contacts may be used, including a thin metal film of the same chemical composition as the n-type dopant or conductive oxides or metal grids.
Catalano, Anthony W. (Wilmington, DE); Bhushan, Manjul (Wilmington, DE)
Method for forming metallic silicide films on silicon substrates by ion beam deposition
This patent describes metallic silicide films formed on silicon substrates by contacting the substrates with a low-energy ion beam of metal ions while moderately heating the substrate. The heating of the substrate provides for the diffusion of silicon atoms through the film as it is being formed to the surface of the film for interaction with the metal ions as they contact the diffused silicon. The metallic silicide films provided by the invention are contaminant free, of uniform stoichiometry, large grain size, and exhibit low resistivity values which are of particular usefulness for integrated circuit production.
Zuhr, R.A.; Holland, O.W.
Metallic silicide films are formed on silicon substrates by contacting the substrates with a low-energy ion beam of metal ions while moderately heating the substrate. The heating of the substrate provides for the diffusion of silicon atoms through the film as it is being formed to the surface of the film for interaction with the metal ions as they contact the diffused silicon. The metallic silicide films provided by the present invention are contaminant free, of uniform stoichiometry, large grain size, and exhibit low resistivity values which are of particular usefulness for integrated circuit production.
Zuhr, Raymond A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Holland, Orin W. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Extensional rheology of polymers and optical properties of blown polymer films
of blown polymer films, the product of a major process with biaxial flows, are related to the mechanical properties of the alms and a novel lubricated squeezing rheometer for generating pure biaxial elongation is constructed and tested in constant strain...
Maxey, Jason E
Thin-film optical initiator
A thin-film optical initiator having an inert, transparent substrate, a reactive thin film, which can be either an explosive or a pyrotechnic, and a reflective thin film. The resultant thin-film optical initiator system also comprises a fiber-optic cable connected to a low-energy laser source, an output charge, and an initiator housing. The reactive thin film, which may contain very thin embedded layers or be a co-deposit of a light-absorbing material such as carbon, absorbs the incident laser light, is volumetrically heated, and explodes against the output charge, imparting about 5 to 20 times more energy than in the incident laser pulse.
Erickson, Kenneth L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Thin film photovoltaic cell
A thin film photovoltaic cell having a transparent electrical contact and an opaque electrical contact with a pair of semiconductors therebetween includes utilizing one of the electrical contacts as a substrate and wherein the inner surface thereof is modified by microroughening while being macro-planar.
Meakin, John D. (Newark, DE); Bragagnolo, Julio (Newark, DE)
Diamond films: Historical perspective
This section is a compilation of notes and published international articles about the development of methods of depositing diamond films. Vapor deposition articles are included from American, Russian, and Japanese publications. The international competition to develop new deposition methodologies is stressed. The current status of chemical vapor deposition of diamond is assessed.
Messier, R. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park (United States)
Method for making carbon films
A method for treating an organic polymer material, preferably a vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer (Saran) to produce a flat sheet of carbon film material having a high surface area ([approx equal]1000 m[sup 2] /g) suitable as an electrode material for super capacitor applications. The method comprises heating a vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer film disposed between two spaced apart graphite or ceramic plates to a first temperature of about 160 C for about 14 hours to form a stabilized vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride polymer film, thereafter heating the stabilized film to a second temperature of about 750 C in an inert atmosphere for about one hour to form a carbon film; and finally activating the carbon film to increase the surface area by heating the carbon film in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature of at least 750--850 C for between 1--6 hours. 2 figs.
Tan, M.X.
Micromachined thin-film gas flow sensor for microchemical reactors
Micromachined thin-film gas flow sensor for microchemical reactors W C Shin and R S Besser New applications not practical before such as highly compact, non-invasive pressure sensors, accelerometers and gas power consumption, fast response, and low-cost batch production [1-4]. Spurred by the development
Besser, Ronald S.
Dependency of EBT2 film calibration curve on postirradiation time
Purpose: The Ashland Inc. product EBT2 film model is a widely used quality assurance tool, especially for verification of 2-dimensional dose distributions. In general, the calibration film and the dose measurement film are irradiated, scanned, and calibrated at the same postirradiation time (PIT), 1-2 days after the films are irradiated. However, for a busy clinic or in some special situations, the PIT for the dose measurement film may be different from that of the calibration film. In this case, the measured dose will be incorrect. This paper proposed a film calibration method that includes the effect of PIT. Methods: The dose versus film optical density was fitted to a power function with three parameters. One of these parameters was PIT dependent, while the other two were found to be almost constant with a standard deviation of the mean less than 4%. The PIT-dependent parameter was fitted to another power function of PIT. The EBT2 film model was calibrated using the PDD method with 14 different PITs ranging from 1 h to 2 months. Ten of the fourteen PITs were used for finding the fitting parameters, and the other four were used for testing the model. Results: The verification test shows that the differences between the delivered doses and the film doses calculated with this modeling were mainly within 2% for delivered doses above 60 cGy, and the total uncertainties were generally under 5%. The errors and total uncertainties of film dose calculation were independent of the PIT using the proposed calibration procedure. However, the fitting uncertainty increased with decreasing dose or PIT, but stayed below 1.3% for this study. Conclusions: The EBT2 film dose can be modeled as a function of PIT. For the ease of routine calibration, five PITs were suggested to be used. It is recommended that two PITs be located in the fast developing period (1?6 h), one in 1 ? 2 days, one around a week, and one around a month.
Chang, Liyun, E-mail: email@example.com; Ding, Hueisch-Jy [Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan (China)] [Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan (China); Ho, Sheng-Yow [Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan (China); Lee, Tsair-Fwu [Medical Physics and Informatics Laboratory, Department of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan (China)] [Medical Physics and Informatics Laboratory, Department of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan (China); Chen, Pang-Yu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Sinlau Christian Hospital, Tainan 70142, Taiwan (China)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Sinlau Christian Hospital, Tainan 70142, Taiwan (China)
Biomimetic thin film deposition
Biological mineral deposition for the formation of bone, mollusk shell and other hard tissues provides materials scientists with illustrative materials processing strategies. This presentation will review the key features of biomineralization and how these features can be of technical importance. We have adapted existing knowledge of biomineralization to develop a unique method of depositing inorganic thin films and coating. Our approach to thin film deposition is to modify substrate surfaces to imitate the proteins found in nature that are responsible for controlling mineral deposition. These biomimetic surfaces control the nucleation and growth of the mineral from a supersaturated aqueous solution. This has many processing advantages including simple processing equipment, environmentally benign reagents, uniform coating of highly complex shapes, and enhanced adherence of coating. Many different types of metal oxide, hydroxide, sulfide and phosphate materials with useful mechanical, optical, electronic and biomedical properties can be deposited.
Rieke, P.R.; Graff, G.E.; Campbell, A.A.; Bunker, B.C.; Baskaran, S.; Song, L.; Tarasevich, B.J.; Fryxell, G.E.
Thin film composite electrolyte
The invention is a thin film composite solid (and a means for making such) suitable for use as an electrolyte, having a first layer of a dense, non-porous conductive material; a second layer of a porous ionic conductive material; and a third layer of a dense non-porous conductive material, wherein the second layer has a Coefficient of thermal expansion within 5% of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first and third layers.
Schucker, Robert C. (The Woodlands, TX)
Chemical vapour deposition of crystalline thin films of tantalum phosphide C. Blackman, C. J. Carmalt, I. P. Parkin* and S. A. O'Neill
for Al/W-metallization [2]. A number of transition metal phosphides, including tungsten (WP bulk transition metal phosphides are well known [5, 6] the production of thin films of these materials of the production of TaP thin films using a CVD process. Stimulated by this lack of a low-cost route to a material
Guillas, Serge
Templated dewetting of thin solid films
The dewetting of solid metal polycrystalline films to form metal nanoparticles occurs by the nucleation and growth of holes in the film. For typical films on flat substrates, this process is not well-controlled and results ...
Giermann, Amanda L. (Amanda Leah)
Measuring droplet impact with piezoelectric film
acquisition system (a computer with two high speed boards). Eight piezoelectric films were calibrated in the laboratory. Each film was calibrated by releasing various water droplet sizes from different heights. The signal output of film was then related...
Basahi, Jalal M. Al-Badry M.
Digital production pipelines: examining structures and methods in the computer effects industry
Computer animated films require collaboration: blending artistic concept with technical skill, meeting budget constraints and adhering to deadlines. The path which production follows from initial idea to finished product is known as the pipeline...
Bettis, Dane Edward
Electrical initiation of an energetic nanolaminate film
A heating apparatus comprising an energetic nanolaminate film that produces heat when initiated, a power source that provides an electric current, and a control that initiates the energetic nanolaminate film by directing the electric current to the energetic nanolaminate film and joule heating the energetic nanolaminate film to an initiation temperature. Also a method of heating comprising providing an energetic nanolaminate film that produces heat when initiated, and initiating the energetic nanolaminate film by directing an electric current to the energetic nanolaminate film and joule heating the energetic nanolaminate film to an initiation temperature.
Tringe, Joseph W. (Walnut Creek, CA); Gash, Alexander E. (Brentwood, CA); Barbee, Jr., Troy W. (Palo Alto, CA)
Diamond films treated with alkali-halides
A secondary electron emitter is provided and includes a substrate with a diamond film, the diamond film is treated or coated with an alkali-halide. 5 figs.
Anderson, D.F.; Kwan, S.W.
Deposition of nanostructured photocatalytic zinc ferrite films using solution precursor plasma spraying
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Highly economic solution precursor route capable of producing films/coating even for mass scale production. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pure spinel phase ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} porous, immobilized films deposited in single step. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Parameter optimization yields access to nanostructuring in SPPS method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The ecofriendly immobilized ferrite films were active under solar radiation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Such magnetic system display advantage w.r.t. recyclability after photocatalyst extraction. -- Abstract: Deposition of pure spinel phase, photocatalytic zinc ferrite films on SS-304 substrates by solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) has been demonstrated for the first time. Deposition parameters such as precursor solution pH, concentration, film thickness, plasma power and gun-substrate distance were found to control physico-chemical properties of the film, with respect to their crystallinity, phase purity, and morphology. Alkaline precursor conditions (7 < pH {<=} 10) were found to favor oxide film formation. The nanostructured films produced under optimized conditions, with 500 mM solution at pH {approx} 8.0, yielded pure cubic phase ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} film. Very high/low precursor concentrations yielded mixed phase, less adherent, and highly inhomogeneous thin films. Desired spinel phase was achieved in as-deposited condition under appropriately controlled spray conditions and exhibited a band gap of {approx}1.9 eV. The highly porous nature of the films favored its photocatalytic performance as indicated by methylene blue de-coloration under solar radiation. These immobilized films display good potential for visible light photocatalytic applications.
Dom, Rekha; Sivakumar, G.; Hebalkar, Neha Y.; Joshi, Shrikant V. [International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur PO, Hyderabad 500 005, AP (India)] [International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur PO, Hyderabad 500 005, AP (India); Borse, Pramod H., E-mail: email@example.com [International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur PO, Hyderabad 500 005, AP (India)
A hydrogen sensor element comprises an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having a thin-film metallization deposited thereon which forms at least two resistors on the substrate. The metallization comprises a layer of Pd or a Pd alloy for sensing hydrogen and an underlying intermediate metal layer for providing enhanced adhesion of the metallization to the substrate. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors, and at least one of the resistors is left uncovered. The difference in electrical resistances of the covered resistor and the uncovered resistor is related to hydrogen concentration in a gas to which the sensor element is exposed.
Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN); Hoffheins, Barbara S. (Knoxville, TN); Fleming, Pamela H. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Metal oxide films on metal
A structure including a thin film of a conductive alkaline earth metal oxide selected from the group consisting of strontium ruthenium trioxide, calcium ruthenium trioxide, barium ruthenium trioxide, lanthanum-strontium cobalt oxide or mixed alkaline earth ruthenium trioxides thereof upon a thin film of a noble metal such as platinum is provided.
Wu, Xin D. (Los Alamos, NM); Tiwari, Prabhat (Los Alamos, NM)
Thin film ion conducting coating
Durable thin film ion conducting coatings are formed on a transparent glass substrate by the controlled deposition of the mixed oxides of lithium:tantalum or lithium:niobium. The coatings provide durable ion transport sources for thin film solid state storage batteries and electrochromic energy conservation devices.
Goldner, Ronald B. (Lexington, MA); Haas, Terry (Sudbury, MA); Wong, Kwok-Keung (Watertown, MA); Seward, George (Arlington, MA)
System for measuring film thickness
A system for determining the thicknesses of thin films of materials exhibiting fluorescence in response to exposure to excitation energy from a suitable source of such energy. A section of film is illuminated with a fixed level of excitation energy from a source such as an argon ion laser emitting blue-green light. The amount of fluorescent light produced by the film over a limited area within the section so illuminated is then measured using a detector such as a photomultiplier tube. Since the amount of fluorescent light produced is a function of the thicknesses of thin films, the thickness of a specific film can be determined by comparing the intensity of fluorescent light produced by this film with the intensity of light produced by similar films of known thicknesses in response to the same amount of excitation energy. The preferred embodiment of the invention uses fiber optic probes in measuring the thicknesses of oil films on the operational components of machinery which are ordinarily obscured from view.
Batishko, Charles R. (West Richland, WA); Kirihara, Leslie J. (Richland, WA); Peters, Timothy J. (Richland, WA); Rasmussen, Donald E. (Richland, WA)
Flexible barrier film, method of forming same, and organic electronic device including same
A flexible barrier film has a thickness of from greater than zero to less than 5,000 nanometers and a water vapor transmission rate of no more than 1.times.10.sup.-2 g/m.sup.2/day at 22.degree. C. and 47% relative humidity. The flexible barrier film is formed from a composition, which comprises a multi-functional acrylate. The composition further comprises the reaction product of an alkoxy-functional organometallic compound and an alkoxy-functional organosilicon compound. A method of forming the flexible barrier film includes the steps of disposing the composition on a substrate and curing the composition to form the flexible barrier film. The flexible barrier film may be utilized in organic electronic devices.
Blizzard, John; Tonge, James Steven; Weidner, William Kenneth
Black Silicon Enhanced Thin Film Silicon Photovoltaic Devices
SiOnyx has developed an enhanced thin film silicon photovoltaic device with improved efficiency. Thin film silicon solar cells suffer from low material absorption characteristics resulting in poor cell efficiencies. SiOnyx�s approach leverages Black Silicon, an advanced material fabricated using ultrafast lasers. The laser treated films show dramatic enhancement in optical absorption with measured values in excess of 90% in the visible spectrum and well over 50% in the near infrared spectrum. Thin film Black Silicon solar cells demonstrate 25% higher current generation with almost no impact on open circuit voltage as compared with representative control samples. The initial prototypes demonstrated an improvement of nearly 2 percentage points in the suns Voc efficiency measurement. In addition we validated the capability to scale this processing technology to the throughputs (< 5 min/m2) required for volume production using state of the art commercially available high power industrial lasers. With these results we clearly demonstrate feasibility for the enhancement of thin film solar cells with this laser processing technique.
Martin U. Pralle; James E. Carey
New route to the fabrication of nanocrystalline diamond films
Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films offer applications in various fields, but the existing synthetic approaches are cumbersome and destructive. A major breakthrough has been achieved by our group in the direction of a non-destructive, scalable, and economic process of NCD thin-film fabrication. Here, we report a cheap precursor for the growth of nanocrystalline diamond in the form of paraffin wax. We show that NCD thin films can be fabricated on a copper support by using simple, commonplace paraffin wax under reaction conditions of Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD). Surprisingly, even the presence of any catalyst or seeding that has been conventionally used in the state-of-the-art is not required. The structure of the obtained films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy recorded at the carbon K-edge region confirm the presence of nanocrystalline diamond. The process is a significant step towards cost-effective and non-cumbersome fabrication of nanocrystalline diamond thin films for commercial production.
Varshney, Deepak, E-mail: email@example.com; Morell, Gerardo [Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Puerto Rico (United States); Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PO Box 70377, Puerto Rico 00936, Puerto Rico (United States); Palomino, Javier; Resto, Oscar [Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PO Box 70377, Puerto Rico 00936, Puerto Rico (United States); Gil, Jennifer [Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, Puerto Rico (United States); Weiner, Brad R. [Institute of Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, Puerto Rico (United States); Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, Puerto Rico (United States)
A comparison of thick film and thin film traffic stripes
Striys. . . Pigmented Bitusmn Stripes . Asphalt %uilt-Upa Striye vith Pigmented Portland Cement Mortar Cover Course 38 . ~ 41 Thin Film Stripes Used for Comparison Results of Comparing Thick Film Stripes and Thin Film Paint Stripes . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 43... was aspbaltio oonorets. The pavement in Test Areas 2y 3p and 4 vas portland cesmnh ooncrete, Two test areas (3 and 4) vere located in such manner as to provide uninterrupted flow of traffic over tbs entire length of the test area. The other two test areas (1...
Keese, Charles J
A hydrogen sensor element comprises an essentially inert, electrically-insulating substrate having a thin-film metallization deposited thereon which forms at least two resistors on the substrate. The metallization comprises a layer of Pd or a Pd alloy for sensing hydrogen and an underlying intermediate metal layer for providing enhanced adhesion of the metallization to the substrate. An essentially inert, electrically insulating, hydrogen impermeable passivation layer covers at least one of the resistors, and at least one of the resistors is left uncovered. The difference in electrical resistances of the covered resistor and the uncovered resistor is related to hydrogen concentration in a gas to which the sensor element is exposed. 6 figs.
Lauf, R.J.; Hoffheins, B.S.; Fleming, P.H.
Vapor deposition of thin films
A highly pure thin metal film having a nanocrystalline structure and a process of preparing such highly pure thin metal films of, e.g., rhodium, iridium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, or palladium by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition of, e.g., rhodium(allyl).sub.3, iridium(allyl).sub.3, molybdenum(allyl).sub.4, tungsten(allyl).sub.4, rhenium(allyl).sub.4, platinum(allyl).sub.2, or palladium(allyl).sub.2 are disclosed. Additionally, a general process of reducing the carbon content of a metallic film prepared from one or more organometallic precursor compounds by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition is disclosed.
Smith, David C. (Los Alamos, NM); Pattillo, Stevan G. (Los Alamos, NM); Laia, Jr., Joseph R. (Los Alamos, NM); Sattelberger, Alfred P. (Los Alamos, NM)
Liquid-film electron stripper
A thin freestanding oil film is produced in vacuum by directing an oil stream radially inward to the hollow-ground sharp outer edge of a rotating disc. The sides of the edge are roughened somewhat to aid in dispersing oil from the disc. Oil is removed from the surface of disc to prevent formation of oil droplets which might spin off the disc and disrupt the oil film. An ion beam is directed through the thin oil film so that electrons are stripped from the ions to increase their charge.
Leemann, B.T.; Yourd, R.B.
Biaxially aligned template films fabricated by inclined-substrate deposition for YBCO-coated conductor applications.
Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers, which are important for YBCO-coated conductor applications. We have grown biaxially textured MgO films by ISD at deposition rates of 20-100 {angstrom}/sec. Columnar grains with a roof-tile surface structure were observed in the ISD-MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the (002) planes of the ISD-MgO films are tilted at an angle from the substrate normal. A small {phi}-scan full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of {approx}9{sup o} was observed on MgO films deposited at an inclination angle of 55{sup o}. In-plane texture in the ISD MgO films developed in the first 0.5 {micro}m from the interface, then stabilized with further increases in film thickness. YBCO films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on ISD-MgO buffered Hastelloy C276 substrates were biaxially aligned with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal. T{sub c} of 91 K with a sharp transition and transport J{sub c} of 5.5 x 10{sup 5} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K in self-field were measured on a YBCO film that was 0.46-{micro}m thick, 4-mm wide, 10-mm long.
Ma, B.; Li, M.; Koritala, R. E.; Fisher, B. L.; Erck, R. A.; Dorris, S. E.; Miller, D. J.; Balachandran, U.
Wrinkling of Stiff Films on Stretched Compliant Films: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
substrate has not been well understood. The composite bilayer comprised with a stiff film and a stretched film has a critical application in developing advanced thin film solar cells for long duration stratosphere balloons. The presented thesis focuses...
Yang, Yi
Modeling and control of thin film surface morphology: application to thin film solar cells
of a p-i-n thin-film solar cell with front transparent con-for thin-film a-si:h solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics,in thin-film silicon solar cells. Optics Communications,
Huang, Jianqiao
Improved Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Films Integrated with Metal Nanowires
tin oxide films in electrochromic (EC) devices. The successful integration of such graphene/NW films. KEYWORDS: Graphene, nanowires, transparent conductive films, electrochromic devices Due to low electron
TIF film, substrates and nonfumigant soil disinfestation maintain fruit yields
the perme- ability of agricultural films. 222nd Americanthe permeability of agricultural films to various fumigants.the ability of an agricultural film to block fumigant flow
Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films
and epitaxial growth ability on given substrates. In the present work, we investigated unique epitaxial two-phase VAN (BiFeO3)x:(Sm2O3)1-x and (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)x:(Mn3O4)1-x thin film systems by pulsed laser deposition. These VAN thin films exhibit a highly...
Bi, Zhenxing
Variable temperature semiconductor film deposition
A method of depositing a semiconductor material on a substrate is disclosed. The method sequentially comprises (a) providing the semiconductor material in a depositable state such as a vapor for deposition on the substrate; (b) depositing the semiconductor material on the substrate while heating the substrate to a first temperature sufficient to cause the semiconductor material to form a first film layer having a first grain size; (c) continually depositing the semiconductor material on the substrate while cooling the substrate to a second temperature sufficient to cause the semiconductor material to form a second film layer deposited on the first film layer and having a second grain size smaller than the first grain size; and (d) raising the substrate temperature, while either continuing or not continuing to deposit semiconductor material to form a third film layer, to thereby anneal the film layers into a single layer having favorable efficiency characteristics in photovoltaic applications. A preferred semiconductor material is cadmium telluride deposited on a glass/tin oxide substrate already having thereon a film layer of cadmium sulfide.
Li, X.; Sheldon, P.
Subwavelength resonant nanostructured films for sensing
We present a novel subwavelength nanostructure architecture that may be utilized for optical standoff sensing applications. The subwavelength structures are fabricated via a combination of nanoimprint lithography and metal sputtering to create metallic nanostructured films encased within a transparent media. The structures are based on the open ring resonator (ORR) architecture and have their analog in resonant LC circuits, which display a resonance frequency that is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance and capacitance. Therefore, any perturbation of the nanostructured films due to chemical or environmental effects can alter the inductive or capacitive behavior of the subwavelength features, which can shift the resonant frequency and provide an indication of the external stimulus. This shift in resonance can be interrogated remotely either actively using either laser illumination or passively using hyperspectral or multispectral sensing. These structures may be designed to be either anisotropic or isotropic, which can also provide polarization-sensitive interrogation. Due to the nanometer-scale of the structures, they can be tailored to be optically responsive in the visible or near infrared spectrum with a highly reflective resonant peak that is dependent solely on structural dimensions and material characteristics. We present experimental measurements of the optical response of these structures as a function of wavelength, polarization, and incident angle demonstrating the resonant effect in the near infrared region. Numerical modeling data showing the effect of different fabrication parameters such as structure parameters are also discussed.
Alvine, Kyle J.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Bennett, Wendy D.; Edwards, Daniel L.; Mendoza, Albert
Touch, taste & devour: phenomenology of film and the film experiencer in the cinema of sensations.
??This thesis explores the possibilities of reconciling corporeal and visceral film experience with theory. It provides an analyses of two contemporary films; Marina de Van's� (more)
Aaltonen, Minna-Ella
Glow discharge plasma deposition of thin films
A glow discharge plasma reactor for deposition of thin films from a reactive RF glow discharge is provided with a screen positioned between the walls of the chamber and the cathode to confine the glow discharge region to within the region defined by the screen and the cathode. A substrate for receiving deposition material from a reactive gas is positioned outside the screened region. The screen is electrically connected to the system ground to thereby serve as the anode of the system. The energy of the reactive gas species is reduced as they diffuse through the screen to the substrate. Reactive gas is conducted directly into the glow discharge region through a centrally positioned distribution head to reduce contamination effects otherwise caused by secondary reaction products and impurities deposited on the reactor walls.
Weakliem, Herbert A. (Pennington, NJ); Vossen, Jr., John L. (Bridgewater, NJ)
Influence of Al/CuO reactive multilayer films additives on exploding foil initiator
An investigation on the influence of Al/CuO reactive multilayer films (RMFs) additives on exploding foil initiator was performed in this paper. Cu film and Cu/Al/CuO RMFs were produced by using standard microsystem technology and RF magnetron sputtering technology, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed the distinct layer structure of the as-deposited Al/CuO RMFs. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to ascertain the amount of heat released in the thermite reaction between Al films and CuO films, which was found to be 2024 J/g. Electrical explosion tests showed that 600 V was the most matching voltage for our set of apparatus. The explosion process of two types of films was observed by high speed camera and revealed that compared with Cu film, an extra distinct combustion phenomenon was detected with large numbers of product particles fiercely ejected to a distance of about six millimeters for Cu/Al/CuO RMFs. By using the atomic emission spectroscopy double line technique, the reaction temperature was determined to be about 6000-7000 K and 8000-9000 K for Cu film and Cu/Al/CuO RMFs, respectively. The piezoelectricity of polyvinylidene fluoride film was employed to measure the average velocity of the slapper accelerated by the explosion of the films. The average velocities of the slappers were calculated to be 381 m/s and 326 m/s for Cu film and Cu/Al/CuO RMFs, respectively, and some probable reasons were discussed with a few suggestions put forward for further work.
Zhou Xiang; Shen Ruiqi; Ye Yinghua; Zhu Peng; Hu Yan; Wu Lizhi [School of Chemical Engineeering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing (China)
Liquid soap film generates electricity
We have observed that a rotating liquid soap film generates electricity when placed between two non-contact electrodes with a sufficiently large potential difference. In our experiments suspended liquid film (water + soap film) is formed on the surface of a circular frame, which is forced to rotate in the $x-y$ horizontal plane by a motor. This system is located at the center of two capacitor-like vertical plates to apply an external electric voltage difference in the $x-$direction. The produced electric current is collected from the liquid film using two conducting electrodes that are separated in the $y-$direction. We previously reported that a liquid film in an external electric field rotates when an electric current passes through it, naming it the liquid film motor (LFM). In this paper we report a novel technique, in which a similar device can be used as an electric generator, converting the rotating mechanical energy to electrical energy. The liquid film electric generator (LFEG) is in stark contrast to the LFM, both of which could be designed similarly in very small scales like micro scales with different applications. Although the device is comparable to commercial electric motors or electric generators, there is a significant difference in their working principles. Usually in an electric motor or generator the magnetic field causes the driving force, while in a LFM or LFEG the Coulomb force is the driving force. This fact is also interesting from the Bio-science point of view and brings a similarity to bio motors. Here we have investigated the electrical characteristics of such a generator for the first time experimentally and modelled the phenomenon with electroconvection governing equations. A numerical simulation is performed using the local approximation for the charge-potential relation and results are in qualitative agreement with experiments.
Ahmad Amjadi; Sadegh Feiz; Reza Montazeri Namin
�How Could She?�: The �Inappropriate� Woman in Contemporary Appropriation Films
Parrell took a number of porn films that she realized wereintended purposes. Within a porn film, people having sex into most people watching a porn film. Parrell�s film situates
Baron, Jaimie
Thin Film Encapsulation Methods for Large Area MEMS Packaging
penetrated c) Windows in nitride film not clearly visiblea circular window is preferred to minimize film deflection
Mahajerin, Armon
Characterization of iron oxide thin films for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
??Solar energy is the most sustainable source of energy available. However, solar applications such as photovoltaic cells represent only a partial solution to weaning our� (more)
George, Kyle Eustace Nelson
FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF DIAMOND FILMS A. J. Gatesman*, R. H. Giles*, G. C. Phillips*, J. Waldman*, L. P. Bourget** and R. Post**
**Applied Science and Technology, Inc., Woburn, MA 01801 High quality polycrystalline diamond films grownFAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF DIAMOND FILMS A. J. Gatesman*, R. H. Giles*, G. C. Phillips*, J in this frequency regime. INTRODUCTION Recent interest in the growth, production and application of diamond thin
Massachusetts at Lowell, University of
The crystallographic texture of a great number of polyethylene films manufactured by the film
The crystallographic texture of a great number of polyethylene films manufactured by the film polymer films (fig. 1). It is essentially dedicated to polyethylene, espe- cially for packaging in polyethylene blown films J.-M. Haudin, J.-M. André, G. Bellet, B. Monasse, P. Navard �?cole des Mines de Paris
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Film Studies Page 143Sonoma State University 2014-2015 Catalog FILM STUDIES
will study a broad range of film texts and learn to appreciate a variety of aesthetic and filmmaking in Film Studies 1-4 ENGL 430 Creative Writing: Select Genres (Screenplay) 1-4 MLL 214 French Literature and Film 4 FR 201 Third Semester French 4 GER 210 Intermediate German though Film 4 LIBS 320C Bollywood 3
Ravikumar, B.
Semiconductor-nanocrystal/conjugated polymer thin films
The invention described herein provides for thin films and methods of making comprising inorganic semiconductor-nanocrystals dispersed in semiconducting-polymers in high loading amounts. The invention also describes photovoltaic devices incorporating the thin films.
Alivisatos, A. Paul (Oakland, CA); Dittmer, Janke J. (Munich, DE); Huynh, Wendy U. (Munich, DE); Milliron, Delia (Berkeley, CA)
Electrostatic thin film chemical and biological sensor
A chemical and biological agent sensor includes an electrostatic thin film supported by a substrate. The film includes an electrostatic charged surface to attract predetermined biological and chemical agents of interest. A charge collector associated with said electrostatic thin film collects charge associated with surface defects in the electrostatic film induced by the predetermined biological and chemical agents of interest. A preferred sensing system includes a charge based deep level transient spectroscopy system to read out charges from the film and match responses to data sets regarding the agents of interest. A method for sensing biological and chemical agents includes providing a thin sensing film having a predetermined electrostatic charge. The film is exposed to an environment suspected of containing the biological and chemical agents. Quantum surface effects on the film are measured. Biological and/or chemical agents can be detected, identified and quantified based on the measured quantum surface effects.
Prelas, Mark A. (Columbia, MO); Ghosh, Tushar K. (Columbia, MO); Tompson, Jr., Robert V. (Columbia, MO); Viswanath, Dabir (Columbia, MO); Loyalka, Sudarshan K. (Columbia, MO)
Low work function, stable thin films
Generation of low work function, stable compound thin films by laser ablation. Compound thin films with low work function can be synthesized by simultaneously laser ablating silicon, for example, and thermal evaporating an alkali metal into an oxygen environment. For example, the compound thin film may be composed of Si/Cs/O. The work functions of the thin films can be varied by changing the silicon/alkali metal/oxygen ratio. Low work functions of the compound thin films deposited on silicon substrates were confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The compound thin films are stable up to 500.degree. C. as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Tests have established that for certain chemical compositions and annealing temperatures of the compound thin films, negative electron affinity (NEA) was detected. The low work function, stable compound thin films can be utilized in solar cells, field emission flat panel displays, electron guns, and cold cathode electron guns.
Dinh, Long N. (Concord, CA); McLean, II, William (Oakland, CA); Balooch, Mehdi (Berkeley, CA); Fehring, Jr., Edward J. (Dublin, CA); Schildbach, Marcus A. (Livermore, CA)
HiPIMS: a New Generation of Film Deposition Techniques for SRF Applications
Over the years, Nb/Cu technology, despite its shortcomings due to the commonly used magnetron sputtering, has positioned itself as an alternative route for the future of accelerator superconducting structures. Avenues for the production of thin films tailored for Superconducting RF (SRF) applications are showing promise with recent developments in ionized PVD coating techniques, i.e. vacuum deposition techniques using energetic ions. Among these techniques, High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a promising emerging technique which combines magnetron sputtering with a pulsed power approach. This contribution describes the benefits of energetic condensation for SRF films and the characteristics of the HiPIMS technology. It describes the on-going efforts pursued in different institutions to exploit the potential of this technology to produce bulk-like Nb films and go beyond Nb performance with the development of film systems, based on other superconducting materials and multilayer structures.
Valente-Feliciano, Anne-Marie [JLAB
Magnetron sputtered boron films for increasing hardness of a metal surface
A method is described for the production of thin boron and titanium/boron films by magnetron sputter deposition. The amorphous boron films contain no morphological growth features, unlike those found when thin films are prepared by various physical vapor deposition processes. Magnetron sputter deposition method requires the use of a high density crystalline boron sputter target which is prepared by hot isostatic pressing. Thin boron films prepared by this method are useful for producing hardened surfaces, surfacing machine tools, etc. and for ultra-thin band pass filters as well as the low Z element in low Z/high Z optical components, such as mirrors which enhance reflectivity from grazing to normal incidence.
Makowiecki, Daniel M. (Livermore, CA); Jankowski, Alan F. (Livermore, CA)
LEAM Film Development Test Report Prepared by
Solar Test Test Item No. l Film Development Tests Test Item No. 2 Film Development Tests Test Item No. 3~~ ··········~~~ LEAM Film Development Test Report Prepared by: R. Sii'r'...ms ~1 rf\\:'3· ~ ij ATM Film Development Test Report -~~'·.· ··..· .··. . ~...=-~ ~ IWitJY~W ' ~· CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE
Rathbun, Julie A.
Thin film buried anode battery
A reverse configuration, lithium thin film battery (300) having a buried lithium anode layer (305) and process for making the same. The present invention is formed from a precursor composite structure (200) made by depositing electrolyte layer (204) onto substrate (201), followed by sequential depositions of cathode layer (203) and current collector (202) on the electrolyte layer. The precursor is subjected to an activation step, wherein a buried lithium anode layer (305) is formed via electroplating a lithium anode layer at the interface of substrate (201) and electrolyte film (204). The electroplating is accomplished by applying a current between anode current collector (201) and cathode current collector (202).
Lee, Se-Hee (Lakewood, CO); Tracy, C. Edwin (Golden, CO); Liu, Ping (Denver, CO)
Epitaxial Thin Film XRD | EMSL
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series toESnet4:Epitaxial Thin Film XRD Epitaxial Thin Film XRD Systems
Nanoscale Growth Twins in Sputtered Copper Films
.............................................................. 7 I.1.3. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) .................................... 8 I.2. Fabrication of copper thin films .................................................... 12... to the exposure of the film growth surface to the solution, impurities may be introduced. I.1.3. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) CVD is a chemical process used to produce high-purity, high-performance thin films and often used in the semiconductor industry...
Anderoglu, Osman
Noble gas excimer scintillation following neutron capture in boron thin films
Far-ultraviolet (FUV) scintillation signals have been measured in heavy noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon) following boron-neutron capture ($^{10}$B($n,\\alpha$)$^7$Li) in $^{10}$B thin films. The observed scintillation yields are comparable to the yields from some liquid and solid neutron scintillators. At noble gas pressures of 107 kPa, the number of photons produced per neutron absorbed following irradiation of a 1200 nm thick $^{10}$B film was 14,000 for xenon, 11,000 for krypton, and 6000 for argon. The absolute scintillation yields from the experimental configuration were calculated using data from (1) experimental irradiations, (2) thin-film characterizations, (3) photomultiplier tube calibrations, and (4) photon collection modeling. Both the boron films and the photomultiplier tube were characterized at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Monte Carlo modeling of the reaction cell provided estimates of the photon collection efficiency and the transport behavior of $^{10}$B($n,\\alpha$)$^7$Li reaction products escaping the thin films. Scintillation yields increased with gas pressure due to increased ionization and excitation densities of the gases from the $^{10}$B($n,\\alpha$)$^7$Li reaction products, increased frequency of three-body, excimer-forming collisions, and reduced photon emission volumes (i.e., larger solid angle) at higher pressures. Yields decreased for thicker $^{10}$B thin films due to higher average energy loss of the $^{10}$B($n,\\alpha$)$^7$Li reaction products escaping the films. The relative standard uncertainties in the measurements were determined to lie between 14 % and 16 %. The observed scintillation signal demonstrates that noble gas excimer scintillation is promising for use in practical neutron detectors.
Jacob C. McComb; Michael A. Coplan; Mohamed al-Sheikhly; Alan K. Thompson; Robert E. Vest; Charles W. Clark
Thin film polymeric gel electrolytes
Novel hybrid thin film electrolyte, based on an organonitrile solvent system, which are compositionally stable, environmentally safe, can be produced efficiently in large quantity and which, because of their high conductivities .apprxeq.10.sup.-3 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 are useful as electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Derzon, Dora K. (1554 Rosalba St. NE., Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM 87112); Arnold, Jr., Charles (3436 Tahoe, NE., Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NM 87111); Delnick, Frank M. (9700 Fleming Rd., Dexter, MI 48130)
Novel hybrid thin film electrolytes, based on an organonitrile solvent system, which are compositionally stable, environmentally safe, can be produced efficiently in large quantity and which, because of their high conductivities {approx_equal}10{sup {minus}3}{Omega}{sup {minus}1} cm{sup {minus}1} are useful as electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. 1 fig.
Derzon, D.K.; Arnold, C. Jr.; Delnick, F.M.
Method of making reflecting film reflector
A reflector of the reflecting film type is disclosed and which may be used in a heliostatic system for concentrating solar energy and comprising a reflecting film bonded to an appropriate rigid substrate in such a way that specularity of a very high order is achieved. A method of bonding the reflecting film to the substrate is also disclosed and comprises the steps of initially adhering the film to a smooth, clean flat rigid surface with a non-bonding liquid between the rigid surface and film, and then bonding the substrate and film. The non-bonding liquid has a molecular adhesion greater than any stresses due to handling or curing of the bonding agent which is applied between the film and the opposing surface of the rigid substrate.
Cottingham, James G. (Center Moriches, NY)
Field Emission and Nanostructure of Carbon Films
The results of field emission measurements of various forms of carbon films are reported. It is shown that the films nanostructure is a crucial factor determining the field emission properties. In particular, smooth, pulsed-laser deposited amorphous carbon films with both high and low sp3 contents are poor field emitters. This is similar to the results obtained for smooth nanocrystalline, sp2-bonded carbon films. In contrast, carbon films prepared by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HE-CVD) exhibit very good field emission properties, including low emission turn-on fields, high emission site density, and excellent durability. HF-CVD carbon films were found to be predominantly sp2-bonded. However, surface morphology studies show that these films are thoroughly nanostructured, which is believed to be responsible for their promising field emission properties.
Merkulov, V.I.; Lowndes, D.H.; Baylor, L.R.
In twentieth-century Cuba and Mexico, each post-revolutionary state consolidated power through cultural production, especially film and literature, by funding national cinema and institutions such as the Union of Cuban ...
Drickey, Kirsten
Under consideration for publication in J. Fluid Mech. 1 Deformation of soap films pushed through
in the lubrication films touching the wall, and the scaling of Bretherton (1961) holds up to surprisingly high, especially the role of Plateau borders and inertial effects. 1. Introduction Aqueous foams are widely used in industry, in areas as diverse as ore flotation, oil extraction, food and pharmaceutical production
Optimisation of masked ion irradiation damage profiles in YBCO thin films by Monte Carlo simulation
Optimisation of masked ion irradiation damage profiles in YBCO thin films by Monte Carlo simulation production with a given mask structure. The results suggest that minimum ion scattering broadening tails with beam energy up to a few hundred keV, though the throughput is intrinsically low [1]. A combination
Webb, Roger P.
Direct fabrication of graphene on SiO[subscript 2] enabled by thin film stress engineering
We demonstrate direct production of graphene on SiO[subscript 2] by CVD growth of graphene at the interface between a Ni film and the SiO[subscript 2] substrate, followed by dry mechanical delamination of the Ni using ...
McNerny, Daniel Q.
Product Demonstrations
The Consortium will pursue a number of demonstrations following the general procedure used by DOE's GATEWAY demonstration program. Specific products to be featured in a demonstration may be...
Beyond apocalypse: Recent representations of nuclear war and its aftermath in U. S. narrative film
The development of nuclear weapons and their destructive potential influences human consciousness and cultural production including US commercial narrative films that deal with the idea of nuclear war. Such films can be read to reflect and mediate cultural attitudes about nuclear war and the increasingly technological future. These issues are investigated through a close examination of several recent US narrative films. An historical outlines of the important events of the nuclear age and a survey of critical approaches to the study of nuclear war texts provide the context for this work. The ways in which popular cinema has constructed the idea of nuclear war are enumerated. A discussion of the formal and thematic concerns of the science fiction film genre follows since SF is the narrative category into which nuclear war films are frequently placed. Nuclear war is represented in quite a number of entertainment films recently which suggests our societal preoccupation with the possibility. At the same time, the representations of nuclear war have been limited to a fairly restricted range of scenographic and narrative options which often serve to trivialize or distanciate the subject.
Perrine, T.A.
An efficient protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry combining calibration and measurement in a single scan
Purpose: Radiochromic film provides dose measurement at high spatial resolution, but often is not preferred for routine evaluation of patient-specific intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans owing to ease-of-use factors. The authors have established an efficient protocol that combines calibration and measurement in a single scan and enables measurement results to be obtained in less than 30 min. This avoids complications due to postexposure changes in radiochromic film that delay the completion of a measurement, often for up to 24 h, in commonly used methods. In addition, the protocol addresses the accuracy and integrity of the measurement by eliminating environmental and interscan variability issues. Methods: The authors collected dose-response data from six production lots of Gafchromic EBT3 film and three production lots of EBT2 film at doses up to 480 cGy. In this work, the authors used seven different scanners of two different models-Epson 10000XL and V700; postexposure times before scanning from 30 min to 9 days; ambient temperatures for scanning spanning 11 Degree-Sign C; and two film orientations. Scanning was in 48-bit RGB format at 72 dpi resolution. Dose evaluation was conducted using a triple-channel dosimetry method. To evaluate the measurement protocol, patient specific IMRT and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were exposed onto EBT3 films on a Varian Trilogy Linac. Film scanning was done following the protocol under a number of different conditions and the dose maps were analyzed to demonstrate the equivalence of results. Results: The results indicated that the dose-response data could be fit by a set of related rational functions leading to the description of a generic calibration curve. A simplified dosimetry protocol was established where dose-response data for a specific film lot, scanner, and scanning conditions could be derived from two films exposed to known doses. In most cases only one calibrated exposure was required since the dose for one of the films could be zero. Using the Gamma test criterion of 2%/2 mm to evaluate the measurements, similar passing rates ranging between about 95% and 99% for the fields studied were obtained from application films digitized under a variety of conditions all of them different than the conditions under which the calibration films were scanned. Conclusions: The authors have developed a simplified and efficient protocol to measure doses delivered by an IMRT or VMAT plan using only the patient film, one calibration film, one unexposed film, and applying a single scan to acquire a digital image for calculation and analysis. The simplification and timesaving offer a potential practical solution for using radiochromic film for routine treatment plan quality assurance without sacrificing spatial resolution for convenience.
Lewis, David; Micke, Andre; Yu Xiang; Chan, Maria F. [Advanced Materials Group, Ashland Inc., 1361 Alps Road, Wayne, New Jersey 07470 (United States); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 136 Mountain View Boulevard, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920 (United States)
Thin film reactions on alloy semiconductor substrates
The interactions between Pt and In{sub .53}Ga{sub .47}As have been studied. In{sub .53}Ga{sub .47}As substrates with 70nm Pt films were encapsulated in SiO{sub 2}, and annealed up to 600{degree}C in flowing forming gas. The composition and morphology of the reaction product phases were studied using x-ray diffraction, Auger depth profiling, and transmission electron microscopy. The reaction kinetics were examined with Rutherford Backscattering. Results show that Pt/In{sub .53}Ga{sub .47}As reacts to form many of the reaction products encountered in the Pt/GaAs and Pt/InP reactions: PtGa, Pt{sub 3}Ga, and PtAs{sub 2}. In addition, a ternary phase, Pt(In:Ga){sub 2}, develops, which is a solid solution between PtIn{sub 2} and PtGa{sub 2}. The amount of Ga in the ternary phase increases with annealing temperature, which causes a decrease in the lattice parameter of the phase. The reaction products show a tendency to form layered structures, especially for higher temperatures and longer annealing times. Unlike the binary case, the PtAs{sub 2}, phase is randomly oriented on the substrate, and is intermingle with a significant amount of Pt(In:Ga){sub 2}. Following Pt/In{sub .53}Ga{sub .47}As reactions, two orientation relationships between the Pt(In:Ga){sub 2} product phase and the substrate were observed, despite the large mismatch with the substrate ({approximately}8%). For many metal/compound semiconductor interactions, the reaction rate is diffusion limited, i.e. exhibits a parabolic dependence on time. An additional result of this study was the development of an In-rich layer beneath the reacted layer. The Auger depth profile showed a substantial increase in the sample at this layer. This is a significant result for the production of ohmic contacts, as the Schottky barrier height in this system lower for higher In concentrations. 216 refs.
Olson, D.A.
Relationship between the structure and electrical characteristics of diamond-like carbon films
To elucidate the relationship between the structure and the electrical characteristics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, DLC films were synthesized in a well-controlled glow discharge with the aid of photoelectrons in an argon/methane atmosphere. The dielectric constant and breakdown strength of the films exhibited opposite behaviors, depending on the total pressure during the synthesis. The product of these two values decreased monotonically as the pressure increased. The Raman spectra were analyzed with a Voigt-type formula. Based on the results, the authors propose the �sp{sup 2} cluster model� for the DLC structure. This model consists of conductive clusters of sp{sup 2} carbons surrounded by a dielectric matrix sea of sp{sup 2} carbon, sp{sup 3} carbon, and hydrogen, and indicates that the dielectric constant of the whole DLC film is determined by the balance between the dielectric constant of the matrix and the total size of the clusters, while the breakdown strength is determined by the reciprocal of the cluster size. The model suggests that a high-? DLC film can be synthesized at a middle pressure and consists of well-grown sp{sup 2} clusters and a dense matrix. A low-? DLC film can be synthesized both at low and high pressures. The sp{sup 2} cluster model explains that a low-? DLC film synthesized at low pressure consists of a dense matrix and a low density of sp{sup 2} clusters, and exhibits a high breakdown strength. On the other hand, a low-? film synthesized at high pressure consists of a coarse matrix and a high density of clusters and exhibits a low breakdown strength.
Takabayashi, Susumu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Otsuji, Taiichi [Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Yang, Meng; Ogawa, Shuichi; Hayashi, Hiroyuki; Je�ko, Radek; Takakuwa, Yuji [Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)
Tuneable dielectric films having low electrical losses
The present invention is directed to a method for forming dielectric thin films having substantially reduced electrical losses at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies relative to conventional dielectric thin films. The reduction in losses is realized by dramatically increasing the grain sizes of the dielectric films, thereby minimizing intergranular scattering of the microwave signal due to grain boundaries and point defects. The increase in grain size is realized by heating the film to a temperature at which the grains experience regrowth. The grain size of the films can be further increased by first depositing the films with an excess of one of the compoents, such that a highly mobile grain boundary phase is formed.
Dimos, Duane Brian (Albuquerque, NM); Schwartz, Robert William (Albuquerque, NM); Raymond, Mark Victor (Albuquerque, NM); Al-Shareef, Husam Niman (Boise, ID); Mueller, Carl (Lakewood, CO); Galt, David (Denver, CO)
Nanostructural characterization of amorphous diamondlike carbon films
Nanostructural characterization of amorphous diamondlike carbon (a-C) films grown on silicon using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is correlated to both growth energetic and film thickness. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray reflectivity probe both the topological nature of 3- and 4-fold coordinated carbon atom bonding and the topographical clustering of their distributions within a given film. In general, increasing the energetic of PLD growth results in films becoming more ``diamondlike'', i.e. increasing mass density and decreasing optical absorbance. However, these same properties decrease appreciably with thickness. The topology of carbon atom bonding is different for material near the substrate interface compared to material within the bulk portion of an a-C film. A simple model balancing the energy of residual stress and the free energies of resulting carbon topologies is proposed to provide an explanation of the evolution of topographical bonding clusters in a growing a-C film.
Ambient-pressure silica aerogel films
Very highly porous (aerogel) silica films with refractive index in the range 1.006--1.05 (equivalent porosity 98.5--88%) were prepared by an ambient-pressure process. It was shown earlier using in situ ellipsometric imaging that the high porosity of these films was mainly attributable to the dilation or `springback` of the film during the final stage of drying. This finding was irrefutably reconfirmed by visually observing a `springback` of >500% using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Ellipsometry and ESEM also established the near cent per cent reversibility of aerogel film deformation during solvent intake and drying. Film thickness profile measurements (near the drying line) for the aerogel, xerogel and pure solvent cases are presented from imaging ellipsometry. The thickness of these films (crack-free) were controlled in the range 0.1-3.5 {mu}m independent of refractive index.
Prakash, S.S. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Brinker, C.J. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States)]|[Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Hurd, A.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Dry lubricant films for aluminum forming.
During metal forming process, lubricants are crucial to prevent direct contact, adhesion, transfer and scuffing of workpiece materials and tools. Boric acid films can be firmly adhered to the clean aluminum surfaces by spraying their methanol solutions and provide extremely low friction coefficient (about 0.04). The cohesion strengths of the bonded films vary with the types of aluminum alloys (6061, 6111 and 5754). The sheet metal forming tests indicate that boric acid films and the combined films of boric acid and mineral oil can create larger strains than the commercial liquid and solid lubricants, showing that they possess excellent lubricities for aluminum forming. SEM analyses indicate that boric acid dry films separate the workpiece and die materials, and prevent their direct contact and preserve their surface qualities. Since boric acid is non-toxic and easily removed by water, it can be expected that boric acid films are environmentally friendly, cost effective and very efficient lubricants for sheet aluminum cold forming.
Wei, J.; Erdemir, A.; Fenske, G. R.
Apprenticeship Learning Using Linear Programming Umar Syed email@example.com
existing methods for apprentice- ship learning output policies that are "mixed", i.e. randomized function is un- known to the apprentice, but is assumed to be a weighted combination of several known functions. The apprentice is also assumed to have access to demonstrations from an- other agent, called
Bowling, Michael
Catalytic Transformation of C7-C9 Methyl Benzenes over USY-based FCC Zeolite Catalyst
in the petrochemical market. Most of the currently working isomerization plants are using zeolite based catalysts. One
Transparent conducting oxides and production thereof
Transparent conducting oxides and production thereof are disclosed. An exemplary method of producing a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material may comprise: providing a TCO target doped with either a high-permittivity oxide or a low-permittivity oxide in a process chamber. The method may also comprise depositing a metal oxide on the target in the process chamber to form a thin film having enhanced optical properties without substantially decreasing electrical quality.
Gessert, Timothy A.; Yoshida, Yuki; Coutts, Timothy J.
Transparent conducting oxides and production thereof are disclosed. An exemplary method of producing a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material may comprise: providing a TCO target (110) doped with either a high-permittivity oxide or a low-permittivity oxide in a process chamber (100). The method may also comprise depositing a metal oxide on the target (110) to form a thin film having enhanced optical properties without substantially decreasing electrical quality.
Gessert, Timothy A; Yoshida, Yuki; Coutts, Timothy J
Electrochromism in copper oxide thin films
by a variety of routes, and electrochromic behavior has beenof Cu x O films, electrochromic devices based onbeen investigated. Unlike electrochromic devices based on
Richardson, Thomas J.; Slack, Jonathan L.; Rubin, Michael D.
Exploding conducting film laser pumping apparatus
Exploding conducting film laser optical pumping apparatus. The 342-nm molecular iodine and the 1.315-.mu.m atomic iodine lasers have been optically pumped by intense light from exploding-metal-film discharges. Brightness temperatures for the exploding-film discharges were approximately 25,000 K. Although lower output energies were achieved for such discharges when compared to exploding-wire techniques, the larger surface area and smaller inductance inherent in the exploding-film should lead to improved efficiency for optically-pumped gas lasers.
Ware, Kenneth D. (San Diego, CA); Jones, Claude R. (Los Alamos, NM)
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
eviewmeeting042413chen.pdf More Documents & Publications ADVANCED REFLECTIVE FILMS AND PANELS FOR NEXT GENERATION SOLAR COLLECTORS Development of an Advanced, Low-Cost parabolic...
Polymer-assisted deposition of films
A polymer assisted deposition process for deposition of metal nitride films and the like is presented. The process includes solutions of one or more metal precursor and soluble polymers having binding properties for the one or more metal precursor. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is heated at high temperatures under a suitable atmosphere to yield metal nitride films and the like. Such films can be conformal on a variety of substrates including non-planar substrates. In some instances, the films can be epitaxial in structure and can be of optical quality. The process can be organic solvent-free.
McCleskey,Thomas M. (Los Alamos, NM); Burrell,Anthony K. (Los Alamos, NM); Jia,Quanxi (Los Alamos, NM); Lin,Yuan (Chandler, AZ)
Preparation and characterization of gradient polymer films
Gradient polymers are multicomponent polymers whose chemical constitution varies with depth in the sample. Although these polymers may possess unique mechanical, optical, and barrier properties they remain relatively unexplored. This work is a study of the preparation of gradient polymers by sequential exposure of films to a diffusing monomer followed by electron beam irradiation. Initial experiments involved immersion of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films in styrene or n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) for various time periods followed by irradiation with 1 or 10 megarads of accelerated electrons. A significant amount of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) formed in PVC/BMA systems, but little polystyrene could be found in the PVC/styrene films. A second set of experiments involved immersion of PVC and polyethylene (PE) films in BMA for 20, 40, 60, and 720 minutes followed by irradiation with 10 megarads of electrons. These films were then characterized using optical microscopy, quantitative transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a depth profiling procedure based on quantitative attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR. It was concluded that the mechanism of PBMA formation in the polyethylene films was a result of events immediately following irradiation. Atmospheric oxygen diffusing into irradiated films trapped free radicals at the film surfaces. This was followed by storage in an evacuated desiccator where unintentional exposure to BMA vapor took place. This BMA reacted with free radicals that remained within the film cores, polymerizing to PBMA.
Smith, S.C.
Semipermeable thin-film membranes comprising siloxane, alkoxysilyl and aryloxysilyl oligomers and copolymers
Novel semiperimeable membranes and thin film composite (TFC) gas separation membranes useful in the separation of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, lower hydrocarbons, and other gases are disclosed. The novel semipermeable membranes comprise the polycondensation reaction product of two complementary polyfunctional compounds, each having at least two functional groups that are mutually reactive in a condensation polymerization reaction, and at least one of which is selected from siloxanes, alkoxsilyls and aryloxysilyls. The TFC membrane comprises a microporous polymeric support, the surface of which has the novel semipermeable film formed thereon, preferably by interfacial polymerization.
Babcock, Walter C. (Bend, OR); Friesen, Dwayne T. (Bend, OR)
Novel semipermeable membranes and thin film composite (TFC) gas separation membranes useful in the separation of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, lower hydrocarbons, and other gases are disclosed. The novel semipermeable membranes comprise the polycondensation reaction product of two complementary polyfunctional compounds, each having at least two functional groups that are mutually reactive in a condensation polymerization reaction, and at least one of which is selected from siloxanes, alkoxsilyls and aryloxysilyls. The TFC membrane comprises a microporous polymeric support, the surface of which has the novel semipermeable film formed thereon, preferably by interfacial polymerization.
Babcock, W.C.; Friesen, D.T.
Parametric Study of Gas Turbine Film-Cooling
In this study, the film-cooling effectiveness in different regions of gas turbine blades was investigated with various film hole/slot configurations and mainstream flow conditions. The study consisted of three parts: 1) turbine blade span film...
Liu, Kevin
Experimental study of a grooved squeeze film dampe
An experimental study of the force response of a grooved short Squeeze Film Damper executing circular centered orbits is carried out. Fluid film forces generated by the fluid at the film lands and at the circumferential groove are determined from...
Arauz, Grigory Luis
Characterization of peanut-soybean films for food packaging applications
plastic films from peanut and soybean protein combinations; and (2) characterize factors affecting the physical, mechanical, rheological, and functional properties of the films. CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Biodegradable and Edible Films Since...
Tellez Garay, Angela Maria
21L.011 The Film Experience, Fall 2006
An introduction to narrative film, emphasizing the unique properties of the movie house and the motion-picture camera, the historical evolution of the film medium, and the intrinsic artistic qualities of individual films. ...
Thorburn, David
Hydrogen Production
Fuel Cell Technologies Publication and Product Library (EERE)
This 2-page fact sheet provides a brief introduction to hydrogen production technologies. Intended for a non-technical audience, it explains how different resources and processes can be used to produ
Development and Testing of Abrasion Resistant Hard Coats For Polymer Film Reflectors: Preprint
Reflective polymer film technology can significantly reduce the cost of solar reflectors and installed Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants by both reduced material cost and lower weight. One challenge of polymer reflectors in the CSP environment pertains to contact cleaning methods typically used with glass mirrors. Such contact cleaning methods can scratch the surface of polymer reflectors and thereby reduce specular reflectance. ReflecTech, Inc. (a subsidiary of SkyFuel, Inc.) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) initiated a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) to devise and develop an abrasion resistant coating (ARC) suitable for deposition onto polymer based mirror film. A number of candidate ARC products were identified as candidate formulations. Industrial collaborators prepared samples having their ARCs deposited onto ReflecTech Mirror Film pre-laminated to aluminum sheet substrates. Samples were provided for evaluation and subjected to baseline (unweathered) and accelerated exposure conditions and subsequently characterized for abrasion resistance and adhesion. An advanced ARC product has been identified that exhibits outstanding initial abrasion resistance and adhesion to ReflecTech Mirror Film. These properties were also retained after exposure to the various accelerated stress conditions. This material has been successfully manufactured as a 1.5 m wide roll-to-roll construction in a production environment.
Jorgensen, G.; Gee, R.; DiGrazia, M.
Development of a Low Cost Ultra Specular Advanced Polymer Film...
Development of a Low Cost Ultra Specular Advanced Polymer Film Solar Reflector Development of a Low Cost Ultra Specular Advanced Polymer Film Solar Reflector This presentation was...
ADVANCED REFLECTIVE FILMS AND PANELS FOR NEXT GENERATION SOLAR COLLECTORS ADVANCED REFLECTIVE FILMS AND PANELS FOR NEXT GENERATION SOLAR COLLECTORS This presentation was delivered...
UV photoemission efficiency of polycrystalline CVD diamond films
efficiency of a polycrystalline diamond planar reflectivequantum efficiency of polycrystalline diamond films grown onallowed the growth of polycrystalline diamond thin films on
Tremsin, A S; Siegmund, OHW
adsorbed organic films: Topics by E-print Network
nanoporous films H. J. Peng, Y the light extraction efficiency for organic light emitting diode OLED . Nanoporous alumina film was used by Bragg scattering. The corrugated...
Direct Measurement of Oxygen Incorporation into Thin Film Oxides...
Measurement of Oxygen Incorporation into Thin Film Oxides at Room Temperature Upon Ultraviolet Phton Irradiation. Direct Measurement of Oxygen Incorporation into Thin Film Oxides...
acid thin films: Topics by E-print Network
films Engineering Websites Summary: of domain switching and controllability, preventing thin-film and polycrystalline ferroelectrics from the switching mechanisms of...
ablation thin films: Topics by E-print Network
anatase thin film: Topics by E-print Network
alloy films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
memory alloy Elastic modulus Wrinkling Thermoelastic strain in a polycrystalline Fe-Pd thin film 50 High-resolution photometric optical monitoring for thin-film deposition...
arsenide thin films: Topics by E-print Network
Size dependent specific surface area of nanoporous film assembled...
Size dependent specific surface area of nanoporous film assembled by core-shell iron nanoclusters. Size dependent specific surface area of nanoporous film assembled by core-shell...
Photobiomolecular metallic particles and films
The method of the invention is based on the unique electron-carrying function of a photocatalytic unit such as the photosynthesis system I (PSI) reaction center of the protein-chlorophyll complex isolated from chloroplasts. The method employs a photo-biomolecular metal deposition technique for precisely controlled nucleation and growth of metallic clusters/particles, e.g., platinum, palladium, and their alloys, etc., as well as for thin-film formation above the surface of a solid substrate. The photochemically mediated technique offers numerous advantages over traditional deposition methods including quantitative atom deposition control, high energy efficiency, and mild operating condition requirements.
Hu, Zhong-Cheng
Thin film solar energy collector
A multi-layer solar energy collector of improved stability comprising: (1) a substrate of quartz, silicate glass, stainless steel or aluminum-containing ferritic alloy; (2) a solar absorptive layer comprising silver, copper oxide, rhodium/rhodium oxide and 0-15% by weight of platinum; (3) an interlayer comprising silver or silver/platinum; and (4) an optional external anti-reflective coating, plus a method for preparing a thermally stable multi-layered solar collector, in which the absorptive layer is undercoated with a thin film of silver or silver/platinum to obtain an improved conductor-dielectric tandem.
Aykan, Kamran (Monmouth Beach, NJ); Farrauto, Robert J. (Westfield, NJ); Jefferson, Clinton F. (Millburn, NJ); Lanam, Richard D. (Westfield, NJ)
Thin-film Lithium Batteries
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched Ferromagnetism in Layered NbS2 andThe1 MembersStability| EMSLforThin Thin-Film
Active barrier films of PET for solar cell application: Processing and characterization
A preliminary investigation was carried out on the possibility to improve the protective action offered by the standard multilayer structures used to encapsulate photovoltaic devices. With this aim, a commercial active barrier PET-based material, able to absorb oxygen when activated by liquid water, was used to produce flexible and transparent active barrier films, by means of a lab-scale film production plant. The obtained film, tested in terms of thermal, optical and oxygen absorption properties, shows a slow oxygen absorption kinetics, an acceptable transparency and an easy roll-to-roll processability, so proving itself as a good candidate for the development of protective coating for solar cells against the atmospheric degradation agents like the rain.
Rossi, Gabriella; Scarfato, Paola; Incarnato, Loredana [Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano (Italy)
Method for producing textured substrates for thin-film photovoltaic cells
The invention pertains to the production of ceramic substrates used in the manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells used for directly converting solar energy to electrical energy. Elongated ribbon-like sheets of substrate precursor containing a mixture of ceramic particulates, a binder, and a plasticizer are formed and then while green provided with a mechanically textured surface region used for supporting the thin film semiconductor of the photovoltaic cell when the sheets of the substrate precursor are subsequently cut into substrate-sized shapes and then sintered. The textured surface pattern on the substrate provides enhanced light trapping and collection for substantially increasing the solar energy conversion efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic cells.
Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
The invention pertains to the production of ceramic substrates used in the manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells used for directly converting solar energy to electrical energy. Elongated ribbon-like sheets of substrate precursor containing a mixture of ceramic particulates, a binder, and a plasticizer are formed and then while green provided with a mechanically textured surface region used for supporting the thin film semiconductor of the photovoltaic cell when the sheets of the substrate precursor are subsequently cut into substrate-sized shapes and then sintered. The textured surface pattern on the substrate provides enhanced light trapping and collection for substantially increasing the, solar energy conversion efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic cells.
The invention pertains to the production of ceramic substrates used in the manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells used for directly converting solar energy to electrical energy. Elongated ribbon-like sheets of substrate precursor containing a mixture of ceramic particulates, a binder, and a plasticizer are formed and then while green provided with a mechanically textured surface region used for supporting the thin film semiconductor of the photovoltaic cell when the sheets of the substrate precursor are subsequently cut into substrate-sized shapes and then sintered. The textured surface pattern on the substrate provides enhanced light trapping and collection for substantially increasing the solar energy conversion efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic cells. 4 figures.
Lauf, R.J.
The invention pertains to the production of ceramic substrates used in the manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells used for directly converting solar energy to electrical energy. Elongated ribbon-like sheets of substrate precursor containing a mixture of ceramic particulates, a binder, and a plasticizer are formed and then while green provided with a mechanically textured surface region used for supporting the thin film semiconductor of the photovoltaic cell when the sheets of the substrate precursor are subsequently cut into substrate-sized shapes and then sintered. The textured surface pattern on the substrate provides enhanced light trapping and collection for substantially increasing the, solar energy conversion efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic cells. 4 figs.
Preparation of a semiconductor thin film
A process for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate whose surface temperature during nanoparticle deposition thereon is sufficient to cause substantially simultaneous fusion of the nanoparticles to thereby coalesce with each other and effectuate film growth.
Pehnt, Martin (TuBingen, DE); Schulz, Douglas L. (Denver, CO); Curtis, Calvin J. (Lakewood, CO); Ginley, David S. (Evergreen, CO)
Wetting and lubricating film instabilities in microchannels
, and silicone oils . Dynamic wetting transitions: a pearl flow thick lubricating film , b spider flow thinWetting and lubricating film instabilities in microchannels Thomas Cubaud Department of Mechanical of partially wetting threads in planar microchannels of height h=100 or 250 m fluids: ethanol, mineral oils
Cubaud, Thomas
Organic conductive films for semiconductor electrodes
According to the present invention, improved electrodes overcoated with conductive polymer films and preselected catalysts are provided. The electrodes typically comprise an inorganic semiconductor over-coated with a charge conductive polymer film comprising a charge conductive polymer in or on which is a catalyst or charge-relaying agent.
Frank, A.J.
Thin films of mixed metal compounds
A compositionally uniform thin film of a mixed metal compound is formed by simultaneously evaporating a first metal compound and a second metal compound from independent sources. The mean free path between the vapor particles is reduced by a gas and the mixed vapors are deposited uniformly. The invention finds particular utility in forming thin film heterojunction solar cells.
Mickelsen, Reid A. (Bellevue, WA); Chen, Wen S. (Seattle, WA)
A process is disclosed for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate whose surface temperature during nanoparticle deposition thereon is sufficient to cause substantially simultaneous fusion of the nanoparticles to thereby coalesce with each other and effectuate film growth.
Pehnt, M.; Schulz, D.L.; Curtis, C.J.; Ginley, D.S.
A replaceable reflective film for solar concentrators
The 3M Company manufactures a silvered acrylic film called ECP-305 that is regarded as the preferred reflective film for use on stretched-membrane heliostats. However, ECP-305 will degrade in time, due to both corrosion of the silver layer and delamination at the film's silver-to-acrylic interface, and will eventually need to be replaced. 3M uses a very aggressive adhesive on this film, and once it is laminated, replacement is very difficult. The purpose of this investigation was the development of a replaceable reflector, a reflective film that can be easily removed and replaced. A replaceable reflector was successfully configured by laminating ECP-305 to the top surface of a smooth, dimensionally stable polymer film, with a removable adhesive applied to the underside of the polymer film. Several stages of screening and testing led to the selection of a 0.010-inch thick polycarbonate (GE 8030) as the best polymer film and a medium tack tape (3M Y-9425) was selected as the best removable adhesive. To demonstrate the feasibility of the replaceable reflector concept and to provide a real-time field test, the chosen construction was successfully applied to the 50-m{sup 2} SKI heliostat at the Central Receiver Test Facility at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. 4 refs., 13 figs., 7 tabs.
Not Available
Improved liquid-film electron stripper
An improved liquid-film electron stripper particularly for high intensity heavy ion beams which produces constant regenerated, stable, free-standing liquid films having an adjustable thickness between 0.3 to 0.05 microns. The improved electron stripper is basically composed of at least one high speed, rotating disc with a very sharp, precision-like, ground edge on one side of the disc's periphery and with highly polished, flat, radial surface adjacent the sharp edge. A fine stream of liquid, such as oil, impinges at a 90/sup 0/ angle adjacent the disc's sharp outer edge. Film terminators, located at a selected distance from the disc perimeter are positioned approximately perpendicular to the film. The terminators support, shape, and stretch the film and are arranged to assist in the prevention of liquid droplet formation by directing the collected film to a reservoir below without breaking or interfering with the film. One embodiment utilizes two rotating discs and associated terminators, with the discs rotating so as to form films in opposite directions, and with the second disc being located down beam-line relative to the first disc.
Gavin, B.F.
Triboemission and wear of hydrogenated carbon films
It is suggested that perfluoropolyether lubricating oil coatings applied to the carbon overcoat film of magnetic recording layers become decomposed by electrons emitted from frictional surfaces. However, no work has as yet been reported as to triboemission of electrons from frictional carbon films. This paper describes the behavior of triboemission of electrons and the friction coefficient during wear of sputtered hydrogenated carbon films (with various hydrogen contents on the glass substrate). The triboemission of electrons, together with friction coefficient, was measured in a frictional system of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} sliding on carbon films in a reduced dry air atmosphere. The worn surfaces of the carbon films were then observed using both a SEM and an AFM. The results showed that intense triboemission of electrons were observed during wear of hydrogenated carbon films. The electron emission intensity and friction coefficient transit from low to high with hydrogen content in the film. These results are discussed including physical properties of the carbon films such as internal stress and surface wettability.
Nakayama, Keiji [Mechanical Engineering Lab., Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)
Nitrogen doped zinc oxide thin film
To summarize, polycrystalline ZnO thin films were grown by reactive sputtering. Nitrogen was introduced into the films by reactive sputtering in an NO{sub 2} plasma or by N{sup +} implantation. All ZnO films grown show n-type conductivity. In unintentionally doped ZnO films, the n-type conductivities are attributed to Zn{sub i}, a native shallow donor. In NO{sub 2}-grown ZnO films, the n-type conductivity is attributed to (N{sub 2}){sub O}, a shallow double donor. In NO{sub 2}-grown ZnO films, 0.3 atomic % nitrogen was found to exist in the form of N{sub 2}O and N{sub 2}. Upon annealing, N{sub 2}O decomposes into N{sub 2} and O{sub 2}. In furnace-annealed samples N{sub 2} redistributes diffusively and forms gaseous N{sub 2} bubbles in the films. Unintentionally doped ZnO films were grown at different oxygen partial pressures. Zni was found to form even at oxygen-rich condition and led to n-type conductivity. N{sup +} implantation into unintentionally doped ZnO film deteriorates the crystallinity and optical properties and leads to higher electron concentration. The free electrons in the implanted films are attributed to the defects introduced by implantation and formation of (N{sub 2}){sub O} and Zni. Although today there is still no reliable means to produce good quality, stable p-type ZnO material, ZnO remains an attractive material with potential for high performance short wavelength optoelectronic devices. One may argue that gallium nitride was in a similar situation a decade ago. Although we did not obtain any p-type conductivity, we hope our research will provide a valuable reference to the literature.
Li, Sonny X.
Composite polymeric film and method for its use in installing a very-thin polymeric film in a device
A composite polymeric film and a method for its use in forming and installing a very thin (< 10 ..mu..m) polymeric film are disclosed. The composite film consists of a thin film layer and a backing layer. The backing layer is soluble in a solvent in which the thin film layer is not soluble. In accordance with the method, the composite film is installed in a device in the same position in which it is sought to finally emplace the thin film. The backing layer is then selectiely dissolved in the solvent to leave the insoluble thin film layer as an unbacked film. The method permits a very thin film to e successfully installed in devices where the fragility of the film would preclude handling and installation by conventional methods.
Duchane, D.V.; Barthell, B.L.
Calibrating page sized Gafchromic EBT3 films
Purpose: The purpose is the development of a novel calibration method for dosimetry with Gafchromic EBT3 films. The method should be applicable for pretreatment verification of volumetric modulated arc, and intensity modulated radiotherapy. Because the exposed area on film can be large for such treatments, lateral scan errors must be taken into account. The correction for the lateral scan effect is obtained from the calibration data itself. Methods: In this work, the film measurements were modeled using their relative scan values (Transmittance, T). Inside the transmittance domain a linear combination and a parabolic lateral scan correction described the observed transmittance values. The linear combination model, combined a monomer transmittance state (T{sub 0}) and a polymer transmittance state (T{sub {infinity}}) of the film. The dose domain was associated with the observed effects in the transmittance domain through a rational calibration function. On the calibration film only simple static fields were applied and page sized films were used for calibration and measurements (treatment verification). Four different calibration setups were considered and compared with respect to dose estimation accuracy. The first (I) used a calibration table from 32 regions of interest (ROIs) spread on 4 calibration films, the second (II) used 16 ROIs spread on 2 calibration films, the third (III), and fourth (IV) used 8 ROIs spread on a single calibration film. The calibration tables of the setups I, II, and IV contained eight dose levels delivered to different positions on the films, while for setup III only four dose levels were applied. Validation was performed by irradiating film strips with known doses at two different time points over the course of a week. Accuracy of the dose response and the lateral effect correction was estimated using the dose difference and the root mean squared error (RMSE), respectively. Results: A calibration based on two films was the optimal balance between cost effectiveness and dosimetric accuracy. The validation resulted in dose errors of 1%-2% for the two different time points, with a maximal absolute dose error around 0.05 Gy. The lateral correction reduced the RMSE values on the sides of the film to the RMSE values at the center of the film. Conclusions: EBT3 Gafchromic films were calibrated for large field dosimetry with a limited number of page sized films and simple static calibration fields. The transmittance was modeled as a linear combination of two transmittance states, and associated with dose using a rational calibration function. Additionally, the lateral scan effect was resolved in the calibration function itself. This allows the use of page sized films. Only two calibration films were required to estimate both the dose and the lateral response. The calibration films were used over the course of a week, with residual dose errors Less-Than-Or-Slanted-Equal-To 2% or Less-Than-Or-Slanted-Equal-To 0.05 Gy.
Crijns, W.; Maes, F.; Heide, U. A. van der; Van den Heuvel, F. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium); Department ESAT/PSI-Medical Image Computing, Medical Imaging Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam (Netherlands); Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven (Belgium)
film windows that are used in Next Generation Lithography masks and certain MEMS devices. The bulge testing method measures the mechanical properties of a thin film by isolating it in a thin film window of the system. Figure 6 Dual Layer Thin Film Membrane Window For a dual layer membrane the effective total
Huston, Dryver R.
Multi-length Scale Modeling of CVD of Diamond Films
) of single-- crystalline and polycrystalline diamond films in acrystalline and polycrystalline diamond filmsMulti-length Scale Modeling of CVD of Diamond Films M. Grujicic and S. G. LaiM. Grujicic and S. G-scale Modeling of CVD Deposition of Diamond Films RotatingRotating--disk Hotdisk Hot--filament CVD
Grujicic, Mica
High-Frequency Resistivity of Soft Magnetic Granular Films
permeability was measured and used to predict the power loss expected when granular films are used as high-frequency core materials for film inductors. The power loss is predicted to be lower than that of commercial Ni permeability, power loss, soft magnetic film. I. INTRODUCTION SOFT magnetic granular films are considered ideal
NANO-INDENTATION OF COPPER THIN FILMS ON SILICON SUBSTRATES S. Suresh1 , T.-G. Nieh2 and B.W. Choi2: Mechanical properties; Nano-indentation; Thin films; Copper; Dislocations Introduction Indentation methods films on substrates (e.g., [2,3]) using instrumented indentation. Nano-indentation studies of thin films
Suresh, Subra
Transparent thin films of copper(I) oxide prepared on conductive SnO2:F glass substrates by anodic oxidation of sputtered copper films or by direct electrodeposition of Cu2O transformed reversibly to opaque metallic copper films when reduced in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, the same Cu2O films transform reversibly to black copper(II) oxide when cycled at more anodic potentials. Copper oxide-to-copper switching covered a large dynamic range, from 85% and 10% photopic transmittance, with a coloration efficiency of about 32 cm2/C. Gradual deterioration of the switching range occurred over 20 to 100 cycles. This is tentatively ascribed to coarsening of the film and contact degradation caused by the 65% volume change on conversion of Cu to Cu2O. Switching between the two copper oxides (which have similar volumes) was more stable and more efficient (CE = 60 cm2/C), but covered a smaller transmittance range (60% to 44% T). Due to their large electrochemical storage capacity and tolerance for alkaline electrolytes, these cathodically coloring films may be useful as counter electrodes for anodically coloring electrode films such as nickel oxide or metal hydrides.
Richardson, T.J.; Slack, J.L.; Rubin, M.D.
BDS thin film damage competition
A laser damage competition was held at the 2008 Boulder Damage Symposium in order to determine the current status of thin film laser resistance within the private, academic, and government sectors. This damage competition allows a direct comparison of the current state-of-the-art of high laser resistance coatings since they are all tested using the same damage test setup and the same protocol. A normal incidence high reflector multilayer coating was selected at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The substrates were provided by the submitters. A double blind test assured sample and submitter anonymity so only a summary of the results are presented here. In addition to the laser resistance results, details of deposition processes, coating materials, and layer count will also be shared.
Stolz, C J; Thomas, M D; Griffin, A J
Nanomechanics of hard films on compliant substrates.
Development of flexible thin film systems for biomedical, homeland security and environmental sensing applications has increased dramatically in recent years [1,2,3,4]. These systems typically combine traditional semiconductor technology with new flexible substrates, allowing for both the high electron mobility of semiconductors and the flexibility of polymers. The devices have the ability to be easily integrated into components and show promise for advanced design concepts, ranging from innovative microelectronics to MEMS and NEMS devices. These devices often contain layers of thin polymer, ceramic and metallic films where differing properties can lead to large residual stresses [5]. As long as the films remain substrate-bonded, they may deform far beyond their freestanding counterpart. Once debonded, substrate constraint disappears leading to film failure where compressive stresses can lead to wrinkling, delamination, and buckling [6,7,8] while tensile stresses can lead to film fracture and decohesion [9,10,11]. In all cases, performance depends on film adhesion. Experimentally it is difficult to measure adhesion. It is often studied using tape [12], pull off [13,14,15], and peel tests [16,17]. More recent techniques for measuring adhesion include scratch testing [18,19,20,21], four point bending [22,23,24], indentation [25,26,27], spontaneous blisters [28,29] and stressed overlayers [7,26,30,31,32,33]. Nevertheless, sample design and test techniques must be tailored for each system. There is a large body of elastic thin film fracture and elastic contact mechanics solutions for elastic films on rigid substrates in the published literature [5,7,34,35,36]. More recent work has extended these solutions to films on compliant substrates and show that increasing compliance markedly changes fracture energies compared with rigid elastic solution results [37,38]. However, the introduction of inelastic substrate response significantly complicates the problem [10,39,40]. As a result, our understanding of the critical relationship between adhesion, properties, and fracture for hard films on compliant substrates is limited. To address this issue, we integrated nanomechanical testing and mechanics-based modeling in a program to define the critical relationship between deformation and fracture of nanoscale films on compliant substrates. The approach involved designing model film systems and employing nano-scale experimental characterization techniques to isolate effects of compliance, viscoelasticity, and plasticity on deformation and fracture of thin hard films on substrates that spanned more than two orders of compliance magnitude exhibit different interface structures, have different adhesion strengths, and function differently under stress. The results of this work are described in six chapters. Chapter 1 provides the motivation for this work. Chapter 2 presents experimental results covering film system design, sample preparation, indentation response, and fracture including discussion on the effects of substrate compliance on fracture energies and buckle formation from existing models. Chapter 3 describes the use of analytical and finite element simulations to define the role of substrate compliance and film geometry on the indentation response of thin hard films on compliant substrates. Chapter 4 describes the development and application of cohesive zone model based finite element simulations to determine how substrate compliance affects debond growth. Chapter 5 describes the use of molecular dynamics simulations to define the effects of substrate compliance on interfacial fracture of thin hard tungsten films on silicon substrates. Chapter 6 describes the Workshops sponsored through this program to advance understanding of material and system behavior.
Reedy, Earl David, Jr. (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Emerson, John Allen (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Bahr, David F. (Washington State University, Pullman, WA); Moody, Neville Reid; Zhou, Xiao Wang; Hales, Lucas (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN); Adams, David Price (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Yeager,John (Washington State University, Pullman, WA); Nyugen, Thao D. (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD); Corona, Edmundo (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Kennedy, Marian S. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC); Cordill, Megan J. (Erich Schmid Institute, Leoben, Austria)
A Testing Strategy for the Mass Production of CDMS II Detectors
for the mass production of our detectors. First, the critical temperatures of the tungsten and other basicA Testing Strategy for the Mass Production of CDMS II Detectors D. Driscoll , D.S. Akerib , D germanium or silicon with a thin film of aluminum and tungsten patterned on the surface. This presentation
California at Berkeley, University of
A Testing Strategy for the Mass Production of CDMS II Detectors D. Driscoll #3; , D.S. Akerib #3�thick, 7�cm�diameter crystals of either germanium or silicon with a thin film of aluminum and tungsten facilities is to provide quality control for the mass production of our detectors. First, the critical
Physicochemically functional ultrathin films by interfacial polymerization
Interfacially-polymerized ultrathin films containing physicochemically functional groups are disclosed, both with and without supports. Various applications are disclsoed, including membrane electrodes, selective membranes and sorbents, biocompatible materials, targeted drug delivery, and narrow band optical absorbers.
Lonsdale, Harold K. (Bend, OR); Babcock, Walter C. (Bend, OR); Friensen, Dwayne T. (Bend, OR); Smith, Kelly L. (Bend, OR); Johnson, Bruce M. (Bend, OR); Wamser, Carl C. (West Linn, OR)
Tungsten-doped thin film materials
A dielectric thin film material for high frequency use, including use as a capacitor, and having a low dielectric loss factor is provided, the film comprising a composition of tungsten-doped barium strontium titanate of the general formula (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x)TiO.sub.3, where X is between about 0.5 and about 1.0. Also provided is a method for making a dielectric thin film of the general formula (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x)TiO.sub.3 and doped with W, where X is between about 0.5 and about 1.0, a substrate is provided, TiO.sub.2, the W dopant, Ba, and optionally Sr are deposited on the substrate, and the substrate containing TiO.sub.2, the W dopant, Ba, and optionally Sr is heated to form a low loss dielectric thin film.
Xiang, Xiao-Dong; Chang, Hauyee; Gao, Chen; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Schultz, Peter G.
Visible spectrometer utilizing organic thin film absorption
In this thesis, I modeled and developed a spectrometer for the visible wavelength spectrum, based on absorption characteristics of organic thin films. The device uses fundamental principles of linear algebra to reconstruct ...
Tiefenbruck, Laura C. (Laura Christine)
Peeling from a patterned thin elastic film
Inspired by the observation that many naturally occurring adhesives arise as textured thin films, we consider the displacement controlled peeling of a flexible plate from an incision-patterned thin adhesive elastic layer. We find that crack initiation from an incision on the film occurs at a load much higher than that required to propagate it on a smooth adhesive surface; multiple incisions thus cause the crack to propagate intermittently. Microscopically, this mode of crack initiation and propagation in geometrically confined thin adhesive films is related to the nucleation of cavitation bubbles behind the incision which must grow and coalesce before a viable crack propagates. Our theoretical analysis allows us to rationalize these experimental observations qualitatively and quantitatively and suggests a simple design criterion for increasing the interfacial fracture toughness of adhesive films.
A. Ghatak; L. Mahadevan; J. Y. Chung; M. K. Chaudhury; V. Shenoy
Solid State Thin Film Lithium Microbatteries
Solid state thin film lithium microbatteries fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) are suggested. During deposition the following process parameters must be considered, which are laser energy and fluence, laser pulse ...
Shi, Z.
Ultrashort pulse laser deposition of thin films
Short pulse PLD is a viable technique of producing high quality films with properties very close to that of crystalline diamond. The plasma generated using femtosecond lasers is composed of single atom ions with no clusters producing films with high Sp.sup.3 /Sp.sup.2 ratios. Using a high average power femtosecond laser system, the present invention dramatically increases deposition rates to up to 25 .mu.m/hr (which exceeds many CVD processes) while growing particulate-free films. In the present invention, deposition rates is a function of laser wavelength, laser fluence, laser spot size, and target/substrate separation. The relevant laser parameters are shown to ensure particulate-free growth, and characterizations of the films grown are made using several diagnostic techniques including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Raman spectroscopy.
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Banks, Paul S. (Livermore, CA); Stuart, Brent C. (Fremont, CA)
Interfacially-polymerized ultrathin films containing physicochemically functional groups are disclosed, both with and without supports. Various applications are disclosed, including membrane electrodes, selective membranes and sorbents, biocompatible materials, targeted drug delivery, and narrow band optical absorbers. 3 figs.
Lonsdale, H.K.; Babcock, W.C.; Friensen, D.T.; Smith, K.L.; Johnson, B.M.; Wamser, C.C.
Radiation Damage in Nanostructured Metallic Films
with favorable microstructures and to investigate their response to radiation. The goals of this thesis are to study the radiation responses of several nanostructured metallic thin film systems, including Ag/Ni multilayers, nanotwinned Ag and nanocrystalline Fe...
Yu, Kaiyuan
Method for making thin polypropylene film
An economical method is provided for making uniform thickness polypropylene film as thin as 100 Angstroms. A solution of polypropylene dissolved in xylene is formed by mixing granular polypropylene and xylene together in a flask at an elevated temperature. A substrate, such as a glass plate or microscope slide is immersed in the solution. When the glass plate is withdrawn from the solution at a uniform rate, a thin polypropylene film forms on a flat surface area of the glass plate as the result of xylene evaporation. The actual thickness of the polypropylene film is functional of the polypropylene in xylene solution concentration, and the particular withdrawal rate of the glass plate from the solution. After formation, the thin polypropylene film is floated from the glass plate onto the surface of water, from which it is picked up with a wire hoop.
Behymer, R.D.; Scholten, J.A.
Biomedical applications of nanostructured polymer films
Functional polymeric thin films are often stratified with nanometer level structure and distinct purposes for each layer. These nanostructured polymeric materials are useful in a wide variety of applications including drug ...
Gilbert, Jonathan Brian
Microstructural evolution during film growth I. Petrova)
, to diffusion and thermal barriers. Progress in thin film science and technology accel- erated following , energetic particle bombardment which can be used to manipulate adatom mobilities and nucleation rates
Petrov, Ivan
Physical properties of erbium implanted tungsten oxide films deposited by reactive dual magnetron sputtering
of erbium implanted tungsten oxide films deposited byDual magnetron sputtering; tungsten oxide films; Er ionoptical waveguides [3,5]. Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) thin films
Mohamed, Sodky H.; Anders, Andre
RMOTC - Production
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest RegionatSearch Welcome to theNewsCenter forQuality AssuranceProduction RMOTC
Real time intelligent process control system for thin film solar cell manufacturing
This project addresses the problem of lower solar conversion efficiency and waste in the typical solar cell manufacturing process. The work from the proposed development will lead toward developing a system which should be able to increase solar panel conversion efficiency by an additional 12-15% resulting in lower cost panels, increased solar technology adoption, reduced carbon emissions and reduced dependency on foreign oil. All solar cell manufacturing processes today suffer from manufacturing inefficiencies that currently lead to lower product quality and lower conversion efficiency, increased product cost and greater material and energy consumption. This results in slower solar energy adoption and extends the time solar cells will reach grid parity with traditional energy sources. The thin film solar panel manufacturers struggle on a daily basis with the problem of thin film thickness non-uniformity and other parameters variances over the deposited substrates, which significantly degrade their manufacturing yield and quality. Optical monitoring of the thin films during the process of the film deposition is widely perceived as a necessary step towards resolving the non-uniformity and non-homogeneity problem. In order to enable the development of an optical control system for solar cell manufacturing, a new type of low cost optical sensor is needed, able to acquire local information about the panel under deposition and measure its local characteristics, including the light scattering in very close proximity to the surface of the film. This information cannot be obtained by monitoring from outside the deposition chamber (as traditional monitoring systems do) due to the significant signal attenuation and loss of its scattering component before the reflected beam reaches the detector. In addition, it would be too costly to install traditional external in-situ monitoring systems to perform any real-time monitoring over large solar panels, since it would require significant equipment refurbishing needed for installation of multiple separate ellipsometric systems, and development of customized software to control all of them simultaneously. The proposed optical monitoring system comprises AccuStrata�s fiber optics sensors installed inside the thin film deposition equipment, a hardware module of different components (beyond the scope of this project) and our software program with iterative predicting capability able to control material bandgap and surface roughness as films are deposited. Our miniature fiber optics monitoring sensors are installed inside the vacuum chamber compartments in very close proximity where the independent layers are deposited (an option patented by us in 2003). The optical monitoring system measures two of the most important parameters of the photovoltaic thin films during deposition on a moving solar panel - material bandgap and surface roughness. In this program each sensor array consists of two fiber optics sensors monitoring two independent areas of the panel under deposition. Based on the monitored parameters and their change in time and from position to position on the panel, the system is able to provide to the equipment operator immediate information about the thin films as they are deposited. This DoE Supply Chain program is considered the first step towards the development of intelligent optical control system capable of dynamically adjusting the manufacturing process �on-the-fly� in order to achieve better performance. The proposed system will improve the thin film solar cell manufacturing by improving the quality of the individual solar cells and will allow for the manufacturing of more consistent and uniform products resulting in higher solar conversion efficiency and manufacturing yield. It will have a significant impact on the multibillion-dollar thin film solar market. We estimate that the financial impact of these improvements if adopted by only 10% of the industry ($7.7 Billion) would result in about $1.5 Billion in savings by 2015 (at the assumed 20% improvement). This can b
George Atanasoff
A simplified thermohydrodynamic model for fluid film bearings. Final report, February 15, 1992--February 15, 1994
We aim to develop a simplified yet realistic model of fluid film lubrication under thermohydrodynamic conditions, with significant thermal and elastic deformation of the bearing pads. The principal thrust is transfer of technology from the researcher to the industrial designer: the end product will include two user-friendly computer programs, one for journal bearings and the other for thrust bearings, to be used for bearing design in interactive mode on a personal computer.
Szeri, A.Z. [Pittsburgh Univ., PA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
A study of laser annealing effects in boron ion implanted polycrystalline silicon films
, large-grain polycrysta11ine silicon has potential use for large volume production of low cost solar cells [1-3] . Polycrystalline silicon is easy to prepare and is compa- tible with monolithic silicon integrated circuit technology; however... of 2O pico second [5]. The MOSFET's fabricated to date on thin films of polycrystalline silicon have also exhibited poor transconductance [5J. It has been reported that the electrical properties of ion implanted polycrystalline silicon can...
Suh, Inhak Harry
Diamond film growth argon-carbon plasmas
A method and system are disclosed for manufacturing diamond film. The method involves forming a carbonaceous vapor, providing a gas stream of argon, hydrogen and hydrocarbon and combining the gas with the carbonaceous vapor, passing the combined carbonaceous vapor and gas carrier stream into a chamber, forming a plasma in the chamber causing fragmentation of the carbonaceous and deposition of a diamond film on a substrate. 29 figs.
Gruen, D.M.; Krauss, A.R.; Liu, S.Z.; Pan, X.Z.; Zuiker, C.D.
Diamond film growth from fullerene precursors
A method and system are disclosed for manufacturing diamond film. The method involves forming a fullerene vapor, providing a noble gas stream and combining the gas with the fullerene vapor, passing the combined fullerene vapor and noble gas carrier stream into a chamber, forming a plasma in the chamber causing fragmentation of the fullerene and deposition of a diamond film on a substrate. 10 figs.
Gruen, D.M.; Liu, S.; Krauss, A.R.; Pan, X.
Annealed CVD molybdenum thin film surface
Molybdenum thin films deposited by pyrolytic decomposition of Mo(CO).sub.6 attain, after anneal in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures greater than 700.degree. C., infrared reflectance values greater than reflectance of supersmooth bulk molybdenum. Black molybdenum films deposited under oxidizing conditions and annealed, when covered with an anti-reflecting coating, approach the ideal solar collector characteristic of visible light absorber and infrared energy reflector.
Carver, Gary E. (Tucson, AZ); Seraphin, Bernhard O. (Tucson, AZ)
Thin film absorber for a solar collector
This invention pertains to energy absorbers for solar collectors, and more particularly to high performance thin film absorbers. The solar collectors comprising the absorber of this invention overcome several problems seen in current systems, such as excessive hardware, high cost and unreliability. In the preferred form, the apparatus features a substantially rigid planar frame with a thin film window bonded to one planar side of the frame. An absorber in accordance with the present invention is comprised of two thin film layers that are sealed perimetrically. In a preferred embodiment, thin film layers are formed from a metal/plastic laminate. The layers define a fluid-tight planar envelope of large surface area to volume through which a heat transfer fluid flows. The absorber is bonded to the other planar side of the frame. The thin film construction of the absorber assures substantially full envelope wetting and thus good efficiency. The window and absorber films stress the frame adding to the overall strength of the collector.
Wilhelm, William G. (Cutchogue, NY)
Thermoelectric properties of ZnSb films grown by MOCVD
The thermoelectric properties of ZnSb films grown by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are reported. The growth conditions necessary to obtain stoichiometric ZnSb films and the effects of various growth parameters on the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients of the films are described. The as-grown ZnSb films are p-type. It was observed that the thicker ZnSb films offer improved carrier mobilities and lower free-carrier concentration levels. The Seebeck coefficient of ZnSb films was found to rise rapidly at approximately 160 C. The thicker films, due to the lower doping levels, indicate higher Seebeck coefficients between 25 to 200 C. A short annealing of the ZnSb film at temperatures of {approximately}200 C results in reduced free-carrier level. Thermal conductivity measurements of ZnSb films using the 3-{omega} method are also presented.
Venkatasubramanian, R.; Watko, E.; Colpitts, T.
Nulljob product
The ever increasing demand for more CPU cycles for data analysis on the authors' Central VAX Cluster led them to investigate new ways to utilize more fully the resources that were available. A review of the experiment and software development VAX systems on site revealed many unused computing cycles. Furthermore, these systems were all connected by DECnet which would allow easy file transfer and remote batch job submission. A product was developed to allow jobs to be submitted on the Central VAX Cluster but actually to be run on one of the remote systems. The processing of the jobs was arranged, to the greatest extent possible, to be transparent to the user and to have minimal impact on both the Central VAX Cluster and remote systems.
Hughart, N.; Ritchie, D.
NULLJOB product
The ever increasing demand for more CPU cycles for data analysis on our Central VAX Cluster led us to investigate new ways to utilize more fully the resources that were available. A review of the experiment and software development VAX systems on site revealed many unused computing cycles. Furthermore, these systems were all connected by DECnet which would allow easy file transfer and remote batch job submission. A product was developed to allow jobs to be submitted on the Central VAX Cluster but actually to be run on one of the remote systems. The processing of the jobs was arranged, to the greatest extent possible, to be transparent to the user and to have minimal impact on both the Central VAX Cluster and remote systems.
Optical Constants ofOptical Constants of Uranium Nitride Thin FilmsUranium Nitride Thin Films
Optical Constants ofOptical Constants of Uranium Nitride Thin FilmsUranium Nitride Thin FilmsDelta--Beta Scatter Plot at 220 eVBeta Scatter Plot at 220 eV #12;Why Uranium Nitride?Why Uranium Nitride? UraniumUranium, uranium,Bombard target, uranium, with argon ionswith argon ions Uranium atoms leaveUranium atoms leave
Hart, Gus
Environmental Effects on Subcritical Delamination of Dielectric and Metal Films from Organosilicate Glass (OSG) Thin Films
Environmental Effects on Subcritical Delamination of Dielectric and Metal Films from Organosilicate., Dallas, TX 75243, USA ABSTRACT Subcritical delamination of dielectric and metal films from organosilicate/SiNx. For both sets of experiments, subcritical crack growth in OSG is found to be described by a model
Ambient pressure process for preparing aerogel thin films reliquified sols useful in preparing aerogel thin films
A method for preparing aerogel thin films by an ambient-pressure, continuous process. The method of this invention obviates the use of an autoclave and is amenable to the formation of thin films by operations such as dip coating. The method is less energy intensive and less dangerous than conventional supercritical aerogel processing techniques.
Brinker, Charles Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Prakash, Sai Sivasankaran (Minneapolis, MN)
Electrodeposited doped II-VI semiconductor films and devices incorporating such films
This patent describes a photovoltaic device. It comprises: a first thin film of a compound semiconductor of a first conductivity type including tellurium and a metal selected from Group IIB of the Periodic Table of Elements and containing as a dopant impurity in a concentration not exceeding 10{sup 20} atoms per cubic centimeter a metal selected from Group IB, a second semiconductor thin film in contact with the first semiconductor thin film and having a second conductivity type opposite that of the first conductivity type and electrical contacts to each of the first and second semiconductor thin films. Also described is the device wherein the first thin film is p-type cadmium telluride.
Ondris, M.; Picher, M.A.; Brownfield, R.E.
Method of improving field emission characteristics of diamond thin films
A method of preparing diamond thin films with improved field emission properties. The method includes preparing a diamond thin film on a substrate, such as Mo, W, Si and Ni. An atmosphere of hydrogen (molecular or atomic) can be provided above the already deposited film to form absorbed hydrogen to reduce the work function and enhance field emission properties of the diamond film. In addition, hydrogen can be absorbed on intergranular surfaces to enhance electrical conductivity of the diamond film. The treated diamond film can be part of a microtip array in a flat panel display.
Krauss, Alan R. (Naperville, IL); Gruen, Dieter M. (Downer Grove, IL)
A method of preparing diamond thin films with improved field emission properties is disclosed. The method includes preparing a diamond thin film on a substrate, such as Mo, W, Si and Ni. An atmosphere of hydrogen (molecular or atomic) can be provided above the already deposited film to form absorbed hydrogen to reduce the work function and enhance field emission properties of the diamond film. In addition, hydrogen can be absorbed on intergranular surfaces to enhance electrical conductivity of the diamond film. The treated diamond film can be part of a microtip array in a flat panel display. 3 figs.
Krauss, A.R.; Gruen, D.M.
Effects of Counterions on Nano-confined DNA Thin Films
DNA molecules spin-coated on amorphous quartz substrates are shown to form stable films. Electron density profiles (EDPs) along the film depth show that film prepared from aqueous solution of DNA exhibits layering of the molecules in three stacks parallel to the substrate whereas film prepared from counterion added solution does not have layering but have smaller thickness and enhanced surface roughness, although both films have 'liquid-like' height-height correlations. We explain these results by a model of film of a 'liquid' comprising of rod-like molecules where the counterion concentration in the liquid determines the rod length.
Nupur Biswas; Sreeja Chakraborty; Alokmay Datta; Munna Sarkar; Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay; Mrinal K. Bera; Hideki Seto
Traumatized subjects : horror film and the legacy of mass extermination in post-dictatorship Spain
the display in the shop window, and the film�s last line ofwindow, the most brilliant flash of color in the entire film.windows, which had been covered with curtains throughout the rest of the film.
Boehm, Scott Walter
The antecedents of Taiwan new cinema : the state of Taiwan film in the 1960s and 1970s
and Nongjiao (Agricultural Education) Film Company when itand agricultural policies. Together, the films ushered in a
Wicks, James Anthony
Comment Hollywood figure l'intriorit dans les films hollywoodiens de David Lynch,
film dans le film dont le tournage est perturb� par une lutte entre plusieurs factions (175). Todd Mc
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in thin liquid trilayer films
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Experiments by Dickey et al. [Langmuir, 22, 4315 (2006)] and Leach et al. [Chaos, 15, 047506 (2005)] show that novel pillar shapes can be generated from electrohydrodynamic instabilities at the interfaces of thin polymer/polymer/air trilayer films. In this paper, we use linear stability analysis to investigate the effect of free charge and ac electric fields on the stability of trilayer systems. Our work is also motivated by our recent theoretical study [J. Fluid Mech., 631, 255 (2009)] which demonstrates how ac electric fields can be used to increase control over the pillar formation process in thin liquid bilayer films. For perfect dielectric films, the effect of an AC electric field can be understood by considering an equivalent DC field. Leaky dielectric films yield pillar configurations that are drastically different from perfect dielectric films, and AC fields can be used to control the location of free charge within the trilayer system. This can alter the pillar instability modes and generate smaller diameter pillars when conductivities are mismatched. The results presented here may be of interest for the creation of complex topographical patterns on polymer coatings and in microelectronics.
Roberts, Scott A. [Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Kumar, Satish [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Energetic condensation growth of Nb thin films
This paper describes energetic condensation growth of Nb films using a cathodic arc plasma, whose 60�120 eV ions penetrate a few monolayers into the substrate and enable sufficient surface mobility to ensure that the lowest energy state (crystalline structure with minimal defects) is accessible to the film. Heteroepitaxial films of Nb were grown on ?-plane sapphire and MgO crystals with good superconducting properties and crystal size (10??mm � 20??mm ) limited only by substrate size. The substrates were heated to temperatures of up to 700�C and coated at 125�C, 300�C, 500�C, and 700�C . Film thickness was varied from ?0.25???m to >3???m . Residual resistivity ratio (RRR) values (up to a record (RRR)=587 on MgO and (RRR)=328 on ?-sapphire) depend strongly on substrate annealing and deposition temperatures. X-ray diffraction spectra and pole figures reveal that RRR increases as the crystal structure of the Nb film becomes more ordered, consistent with fewer defects and, hence, longer electron mean-free path. A transition from Nb(110) to Nb(100) orientation on the MgO(100) lattice occurs at higher temperatures. This transition is discussed in light of substrate heating and energetic condensation physics. Electron backscattered diffraction and scanning electron microscope images complement the XRD data.
Krishnan, M.; Valderrama, E.; James, C.; Zhao, X.; Spradlin, J.; Feliciano, A-M Valente; Phillips, L.; Reece, C. E.; Seo, K.; Sung, Z. H.
Hot filament CVD of boron nitride films
Using a hot filament (.apprxeq.1400.degree. C.) to activate borazine (B.sub.3 N.sub.3 H.sub.6) molecules for subsequent reaction with a direct line-of-sight substrate, transparent boron ntiride films as thick as 25,000 angstroms are grown for a substrate temperature as low as 100.degree. C. The minimum temperature is determined by radiative heating from the adjacent hot filament. The low temperature BN films show no indication of crystallinity with X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) show the films to have a B:N ratio of 0.97:1 with no other XPS detectable impurities above the 0.5% level. Both Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are characteristic of h-BN with small amounts of hydrogen detected as N-H and B-H bands in the IR spectrum. An important feature of this method is the separation and localization of the thermal activation step at the hot filament from the surface reaction and film growth steps at the substrate surface. This allows both higher temperature thermal activation and lower temperature film growth.
Rye, Robert R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Language Production General Points about Speech Production
Language Production #12;General Points about Speech Production 15 speech sounds per second => 2, shall I say `t' or `d'' (Levelt) Production side has gotten less attention in Psycholinguistics than the comprehension side. Evidence for speech production behaviour has until recently relied heavily on speech errors
Coulson, Seana
Experimental investigation of film cooling effectiveness on gas turbine blades
. Results showed that the compound angle shaped holes offer better film effectiveness than the axial shaped holes. The upstream stationary wakes have detrimental effect on film effectiveness in certain wake rod phase positions. For platform purge flow...
Gao, Zhihong
Systematic Evaluation of Jc Decrease in Thick Film Coated Conductors
Address both thickness dependence of Jc, in thick film YBCO coated conductors through an application of a suite of new measurement techniques to thick film wire samples produced by commercially viable coated conductor technologies.
Alex Ignatiev; Dr. Amit Goyal
Engineering electroresponsive layer-by-layer thin films
Electroresponsive layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer films and polymer nanocomposite films were investigated as model systems for electrically triggered drug delivery applications and "mechanomutable" surface coating applications. ...
Schmidt, Daniel J., Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Fluorination of amorphous thin-film materials with xenon fluoride
A method is disclosed for producing fluorine-containing amorphous semiconductor material, preferably comprising amorphous silicon. The method includes depositing amorphous thin-film material onto a substrate while introducing xenon fluoride during the film deposition process.
Weil, R.B.
The interplay between spatially separated ferromagnetic and superconducting thin films
Ferromagnetic thin films have been grown via physical vapor deposition utilizing the technique of flash evaporation and characterized by measuring magnetization as a function of magnetic field. An Al thin film was evaporated atop the ferromagnetic...
Sullivan, Isaac John
azo copolymer films: Topics by E-print Network
spans the whole film. Yoav Tsori; David Andelman 2002-06-14 22 Microphase separation in thin block copolymer films: a weak segregation mean-field approach Condensed Matter (arXiv)...
Characterisation and screening of novel aromatic thin-film materials�
The electropolymerisation of a range of indole derivatives results in the formation of redox active films. These redox films have been observed to be highly luminescent. Earlier studies have investigated electrochemical ...
Henry, John B.
Guided Self-Assembly of Gold Thin Films
Guided Self-Assembly of Gold Thin Films Guided Self-Assembly of Gold Thin Films Print Wednesday, 21 November 2012 12:18 Nanoparticles-man-made atoms with unique optical,...
Conductivity of Oriented Samaria-Doped Ceria Thin Films Grown...
Conductivity of Oriented Samaria-Doped Ceria Thin Films Grown by Oxygen-plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Conductivity of Oriented Samaria-Doped Ceria Thin Films Grown by...
aluminium oxide films: Topics by E-print Network
through the copper oxide film towards in a high vacuum condition on a polycrystalline Cu thin film that was air-exposed and had a layer of copper substrate was cleaned by the RCA...
anisotropic conductive film: Topics by E-print Network
and CdIn2O4. Thin films of amorphous Cd2SnO4 were prepared by Nozik with conductivities thin films of polycrystalline spinel Cd2SnO4 with conductivities exceeding 6700 Scm.7...
anodic oxide films: Topics by E-print Network
absorbing film assisted: Topics by E-print Network
He as the processing gas. The film surfaces were observed by scanning Rocca, Jorge J. 6 Thin-film, wide-angle, design-tunable, selective absorber from near UV to far infrared...
aluminum oxide films: Topics by E-print Network
ag films grown: Topics by E-print Network
conduction-band states of NiO 100 thin films grown onto Ag 100 have charac- terized NiO monocrystalline thin films has shown up both onto insulating i.e., MgO, Ref. 21 Marcon,...
aluminum oxide film: Topics by E-print Network
anodic oxide film: Topics by E-print Network
aln films grown: Topics by E-print Network
aluminium thin films: Topics by E-print Network
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 21 Thin-Film Metamaterials called Sculptured Thin Films CERN Preprints Summary: Morphology...
al oxide films: Topics by E-print Network
alloy films ni: Topics by E-print Network
memory alloy Elastic modulus Wrinkling Thermoelastic strain in a polycrystalline Fe-Pd thin film 22 Magnetic and Structural Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Films Produced Via Physical...
21L.011 The Film Experience, Fall 2007
This course is an introduction to narrative film, emphasizing the unique properties of the movie house and the motion picture camera, the historical evolution of the film medium, and the intrinsic artistic qualities of ...
Thin Film Transistors On Plastic Substrates
A process for formation of thin film transistors (TFTs) on plastic substrates replaces standard thin film transistor fabrication techniques, and uses sufficiently lower processing temperatures so that inexpensive plastic substrates may be used in place of standard glass, quartz, and silicon wafer-based substrates. The silicon based thin film transistor produced by the process includes a low temperature substrate incapable of withstanding sustained processing temperatures greater than about 250.degree. C., an insulating layer on the substrate, a layer of silicon on the insulating layer having sections of doped silicon, undoped silicon, and poly-silicon, a gate dielectric layer on the layer of silicon, a layer of gate metal on the dielectric layer, a layer of oxide on sections of the layer of silicon and the layer of gate metal, and metal contacts on sections of the layer of silicon and layer of gate metal defining source, gate, and drain contacts, and interconnects.
Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Smith, Patrick M. (San Ramon, CA); Sigmon, Thomas W. (Portola Valley, CA); Aceves, Randy C. (Livermore, CA)
Vibration welding system with thin film sensor
A vibration welding system includes an anvil, a welding horn, a thin film sensor, and a process controller. The anvil and horn include working surfaces that contact a work piece during the welding process. The sensor measures a control value at the working surface. The measured control value is transmitted to the controller, which controls the system in part using the measured control value. The thin film sensor may include a plurality of thermopiles and thermocouples which collectively measure temperature and heat flux at the working surface. A method includes providing a welder device with a slot adjacent to a working surface of the welder device, inserting the thin film sensor into the slot, and using the sensor to measure a control value at the working surface. A process controller then controls the vibration welding system in part using the measured control value.
Cai, Wayne W; Abell, Jeffrey A; Li, Xiaochun; Choi, Hongseok; Zhao, Jingzhou
Synthesis and evaluation of thermoelectric multilayer films
The deposition of compositionally modulated (Bi{sub 1-x}Sb{sub x}){sub 2}(Te{sub 1-y}Se{sub y}){sub 3} thermoelectric multilayer films by magnetron sputtering has been demonstrated. Structures with a period of 140{Angstrom} are shown to be stable to interdiffusion at the high deposition temperatures necessary for growth of single layer crystalline films with ZT {gt} 0.5. These multilayers are of the correct dimension to exhibit the electronic properties of quantum well structures. Furthermore it is shown that the Seebeck coefficient of the films is not degraded by the presence of this multilayer structure. It may be possible to synthesize a multilayer thermoelectric material with enhanced ZT by maximizing the barrier height through optimization of the composition of the barrier.
Wagner, A.V.; Foreman, R.J.; Summers, L.J.; Barbee, T.W. Jr.; Farmer, J.C.
Oriented niobate ferroelectric thin films for electrical and optical devices and method of making such films
Sr.sub.x Ba.sub.1-x Nb.sub.2 O.sub.6, where x is greater than 0.25 and less than 0.75, and KNbO.sub.3 ferroelectric thin films metalorganic chemical vapor deposited on amorphous or crystalline substrate surfaces to provide a crystal axis of the film exhibiting a high dielectric susceptibility, electro-optic coefficient, and/or nonlinear optic coefficient oriented preferentially in a direction relative to a crystalline or amorphous substrate surface. Such films can be used in electronic, electro-optic, and frequency doubling components.
Wessels, Bruce W. (Wilmette, IL); Nystrom, Michael J. (Germantown, MD)
Plasmonic transparent conducting metal oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticle films for optical sensing applications
The ability to monitor gas species selectively, sensitively, and reliably in extreme temperatures and harsh conditions is critically important for more efficient energy production using conventional fossil energy based production technologies, enabling advanced technologies for fossil based power plants of the future, and improving efficiency in domestic manufacturing industries. Optical waveguide based sensing platforms have become increasingly important but a need exists for materials that exhibit useful changes in optical properties in response to changing gas atmospheres at high temperatures. In this manuscript, the onset of a near-IR absorption associated with an increase in free carrier density in doped metal oxide nanoparticles to form so-called conducting metal oxides is discussed in the context of results obtained for undoped and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticle based films. Detailed film characterization results are presented along with measured changes in optical absorption resulting from various high temperature treatments in a range of gas atmospheres. Optical property changes are also discussed in the context of a simple model for optical absorption in conducting metal oxide nanoparticles and thin films. The combination of experimental results and theoretical modeling presented here suggests that such materials have potential for high temperature optical gas sensing applications. Simulated sensing experiments were performed at 500 �C and a useful, rapid, and reproducible near-IR optical sensing response to H{sub 2} confirms that this class of materials shows great promise for optical gas sensing.
Ohodnicki, Paul R., Jr.; Wang, Congjun; Andio, Mark
Electrochromic Poly(DNTD)/WO3 Nanocomposite Films via Electorpolymerization
Electrochromic Poly(DNTD)/WO3 Nanocomposite Films via Electorpolymerization Huige Wei, Xingru Yan AFM observations. An air-stable electrochromical window was assembled and obtained by a homemade electrochemical cell to study the electrochromism and stability of the nanocomposite film. The composite film
Guo, John Zhanhu
THIN FILM MECHANICS BULGING AND Ph.D Dissertation
for the intensive effort in research in materials and processing techniques. Thin film windows are window underneath. The thin film window has such a small thickness to span ratio that it can usually be considered and precision-stretching of thin film windows are examined. Bulge Testing is a method used to evaluate
Research Strategy for Film 206 Research, Writing, and Presentation Methods
in motion pictures New wave films Historical films--History and criticism Sex role in motion pictures Love and trade journals. Film Index International, 1900 - present AFI Catalog, 1893 - 1974 FIAF International these indexes! Factiva (newspaper/trade publications' coverage varies) Humanities and Social Sciences
Abolmaesumi, Purang
Etching of polycrystalline diamond films by electron beam assisted plasma
Etching of polycrystalline diamond films by electron beam assisted plasma Koji Kobashi, Shigeaki) Polycrystalline diamond films were processed in a direct current plasma produced by a self-focused electron beam that the etching apparatus used was capable of forming at least a 5-mm wide pattern of polycrystalline diamond film
Rocca, Jorge J.
Optical Properties and Orientation in Polyethylene Blown Films
Optical Properties and Orientation in Polyethylene Blown Films AYUSH BAFNA,1 GREGORY BEAUCAGE,1 properties of blown poly- ethylene films. Two types of blown polyethylene films of similar degrees of crystallinity were made from (1) single-site-catalyst high-density polyethylene (HDPE; STAR ) and (2) Ziegler
Beaucage, Gregory
Fracture patterns in thin films and multilayers Alex A. Volinsky
Fracture patterns in thin films and multilayers Alex A. Volinsky University of South Florida, excessive residual and externally applied stresses cause film fracture. In the case of tensile stress is the key for causing thin film fracture, either in tension, or compression, it is the influence
Volinsky, Alex A.
Combined Honours BA Digital Journalism and Communication, Media, and Film
Combined Honours BA Digital Journalism and Communication, Media, and Film Are you looking in Digital Journalism (DJ) and Communication, Media, and Film (CMF) is for you. That's because our DJ Honours BA Digital Journalism and Communication, Media, and Film We look forward to meeting you! Student
Thin film dielectric composite materials
A dielectric composite material comprising at least two crystal phases of different components with TiO.sub.2 as a first component and a material selected from the group consisting of Ba.sub.1-x Sr.sub.x TiO.sub.3 where x is from 0.3 to 0.7, Pb.sub.1-x Ca.sub.x TiO.sub.3 where x is from 0.4 to 0.7, Sr.sub.1-x Pb.sub.x TiO.sub.3 where x is from 0.2 to 0.4, Ba.sub.1-x Cd.sub.x TiO.sub.3 where x is from 0.02 to 0.1, BaTi.sub.1-x Zr.sub.x O.sub.3 where x is from 0.2 to 0.3, BaTi.sub.1-x Sn.sub.x O.sub.3 where x is from 0.15 to 0.3, BaTi.sub.1-x Hf.sub.x O.sub.3 where x is from 0.24 to 0.3, Pb.sub.1-1.3x La.sub.x TiO.sub.3+0.2x where x is from 0.23 to 0.3, (BaTiO.sub.3).sub.x (PbFeo.sub.0.5 Nb.sub.0.5 O.sub.3).sub.1-x where x is from 0.75 to 0.9, (PbTiO.sub.3).sub.- (PbCo.sub.0.5 W.sub.0.5 O.sub.3).sub.1-x where x is from 0.1 to 0.45, (PbTiO.sub.3).sub.x (PbMg.sub.0.5 W.sub.0.5 O.sub.3).sub.1-x where x is from 0.2 to 0.4, and (PbTiO.sub.3).sub.x (PbFe.sub.0.5 Ta.sub.0.5 O.sub.3).sub.1-x where x is from 0 to 0.2, as the second component is described. The dielectric composite material can be formed as a thin film upon suitable substrates.
Jia, Quanxi (Los Alamos, NM); Gibbons, Brady J. (Los Alamos, NM); Findikoglu, Alp T. (Los Alamos, NM); Park, Bae Ho (Los Alamos, NM)
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation using precious metal microparticles in redox-active polymer films
Glassy carbon felt electrodes have been modified by electrodeposition of poly(pyrrole-viologen) films (derived from N,N{prime}-dialkyl-4,4{prime}-bipyridinium salts), followed by electroprecipitation of precious metal (Pt, Pd, Rh, or Ru) microparticles. The resulting electrodes have been proved to be active for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of conjugated enones (2-cyclohexen-1-one, cryptone, carvone, isophorone), styrene, and benzonitrile in aqueous media (pH 1). Despite low loadings of metal catalysts, high electric and products yields and a long term stability of these cathodes have been observed. The influence of the metal loading and the polymer structure on the catalytic efficiency as well as the selectivity obtained according to the metal catalyst used have been studied. Comparison with results previously reported for other catalytic cathodes like Pt/Pt, Pd/C, or Raney nickel electrodes proves the high efficiency of these metal microparticles within redox polymer film based electrodes.
Coche, L.; Ehui, B.; Limosin, D.; Moutet, J.C. (Univ. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble (France))
Adhesion of anodic films on aluminum-lithium alloys
During anodizing of certain binary Al alloys, the growing anodic oxide film detaches from the alloy substrate, subsequently allowing access of the electrolyte to the underlying bare metal and re-anodizing at a high current density. An Al-3% Li alloy was shown to reveal these phenomena, which are associated with the development of voids at the alloy/film interface as the film thickens. The development of voids, assisting the film detachment, was attributed to the reduced volume of lithium oxide (Li[sub 2]O) formed at the alloy/film interface and compared to that of alumina (Al[sub 2]O[sub 3]).
Skeldon, P.; Zhou, X.; Thompson, G.E.; Wood, G.C. (Univ. of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (United Kingdom). Corrosion and Protection Centre); Habazaki, H. (Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Inst. for Materials Research); Shimizu, K. (Keio Univ., Hiyoshi, Yokohama (Japan). University Chemical Lab.)
Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films
out during past three years has been published as follows: 1. A. Garg, J. A. Leake, and Z. H. Barber, Epitaxial Growth of WO3 Films on SrTiO3 and R- Sapphire, J. Phys.: D, Appl. Phys., 33 (9), 1048 (2000) 2. A. Garg, S. Dunn, and Z. H. Barber, Growth... of these films by 3-D Stranski-Krastanov mode. However, these films did not exhibit any ferroelectric activity. Highly epitaxial (116)-oriented films were deposited on SrTiO3 (110) substrates. These films were also very smooth with root mean square (RMS...
Garg, Ashish
Economics in Film Professors: Dr. Naphtali Hoffman
Economics in Film Professors: Dr. Naphtali Hoffman Office:LT 912 Office Phone: (607) 735: This course is designed to achieve two goals: The first is to introduce students to economic problems, debates, and ideas. The second is to develop critical thinking skill by applying what you know of economics
Suzuki, Masatsugu
The Making of the Film, SOLAR CORONA
The film SOLAR CORONA was made from data taken from August 14, 1969 through May 7, 1970, by OSO-VI, one of the Orbiting Satellite Observatories. One of the experiments on board scanned across and up and down the image of ...
Beeler, Michael
New techniques for producing thin boron films
A review will be presented of methods for producing thin boron films using an electron gun. Previous papers have had the problem of spattering of the boron source during the evaporation. Methods for reducing this problem will also be presented. 12 refs., 4 figs.
Thomas, G.E.
US polycrystalline thin film solar cells program
The Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells Program, part of the United States National Photovoltaic Program, performs R D on copper indium diselenide and cadmium telluride thin films. The objective of the Program is to support research to develop cells and modules that meet the US Department of Energy's long-term goals by achieving high efficiencies (15%-20%), low-cost ($50/m{sup 2}), and long-time reliability (30 years). The importance of work in this area is due to the fact that the polycrystalline thin-film CuInSe{sub 2} and CdTe solar cells and modules have made rapid advances. They have become the leading thin films for PV in terms of efficiency and stability. The US Department of Energy has increased its funding through an initiative through the Solar Energy Research Institute in CuInSe{sub 2} and CdTe with subcontracts to start in Spring 1990. 23 refs., 5 figs.
Ullal, H.S.; Zweibel, K.; Mitchell, R.L. (Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (USA)) [Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (USA)
Metal current collect protected by oxide film
Provided are low-cost, mechanically strong, highly electronically conductive current collects and associated structures for solid-state electrochemical devices, techniques for forming these structures, and devices incorporating the structures. The invention provides solid state electrochemical devices having as current interconnects a ferritic steel felt or screen coated with a protective oxide film.
Jacobson, Craig P. (Lafayette, CA); Visco, Steven J. (Berkeley, CA); DeJonghe, Lutgard C. (Lafayette, CA)
Nucleation and growth of nanostructures and films
- electrical conductors, electrical barriers, diffusion barriers . . . � Sensors: magnetic sensors, gas sensors (Physisorption and Chemisorption) 3. surface diffusion (Larger than bulk diffusion) 4. nucleation 5. island of higher bonding energy Highly ordered thin films can be grown at much lower temperatures than for bulk
Glashausser, Charles
Blowing Ratio Effects on Film Cooling Effectiveness
The research focuses on testing the film cooling effectiveness on a gas turbine blade suction side surface. The test is performed on a five bladed cascade with a blow down facility. Four different blowing ratios are used in this study, which are 0...
Liu, Kuo-Chun
Enhanced Thin Film Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Energy Innovation Portal (Marketing Summaries) [EERE]
A novel structure design for thin film organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices provides a system for increasing the optical absorption in the active layer. The waveguided structure permits reduction of the active layer thickness, resulting in enhanced charge collection and extraction, leading to improved power conversion efficiency compared to standard OPV devices....
FILM STUDIES www.theaterarts.pdx.edu
Culture Science Fiction Cinema Trading Places: Racial and Gender Transformations in Film and Visual or TA 135 Classic Movies (4) ENG 304 Critical Approaches to Cinema (4) 20 Credits: 20 elective credits American Cinema and Culture I, II (4, 4) TA 408 Wksp: Directing Actors for the Camera (3-4) TA 408 Wksp
Inorganic-polymer-derived dielectric films
A method is disclosed for coating a substrate with a thin film of a predetermined porosity. The method comprises: depositing the thin film on the substrate from a non-gelled solution comprising at least one metal alkoxide of a polymeric network forming cation, water, an alcohol compatible with the hydrolysis and the polymerization of the metal alkoxide, and an acid or a base; prior to said depositing step, controlling the porosity and structure of said coating for a given composition of said solution exclusive of the acid or base component and the water component, by adjusting each of the water content, the pH, the temperature and the time of standing of said solution, increasing/descreasing the water content or the pH to increase/decrease the pore size of said coating, and increasing/decreasing the temperature or time of standing of said solution to increase/decrease the pore size of said coating; and curing said deposited film at a temperature effective for curing whereby there is obtained a thin film coating of a predetermined porosity on the substrate.
Brinker, C.J.; Keefer, K.D.; Lenahan, P.M.
Hydraulic properties of adsorbed water films in unsaturated porous media
Adsorbed water films strongly influence residual water saturations and hydraulic conductivities in porous media at low saturations. Hydraulic properties of adsorbed water films in unsaturated porous media were investigated through combining Langmuir's film model with scaling analysis, without use of any adjustable parameters. Diffuse double layer influences are predicted to be important through the strong dependence of adsorbed water film thickness (f) on matric potential ({Psi}) and ion charge (z). Film thickness, film velocity, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity are predicted to vary with z{sup -1}, z{sup -2}, and z{sup -3}, respectively. In monodisperse granular media, the characteristic grain size ({lambda}) controls film hydraulics through {lambda}{sup -1} scaling of (1) the perimeter length per unit cross sectional area over which films occur, (2) the critical matric potential ({Psi}{sub c}) below which films control flow, and (3) the magnitude of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity when {Psi} < {Psi}{sub c}. While it is recognized that finer textured sediments have higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivities than coarser sands at intermediate {Psi}, the {lambda}{sup -1} scaling of hydraulic conductivity predicted here extends this understanding to very low saturations where all pores are drained. Extremely low unsaturated hydraulic conductivities are predicted under adsorbed film-controlled conditions (generally < 0.1 mm y{sup -1}). On flat surfaces, the film hydraulic diffusivity is shown to be constant (invariant with respect to {Psi}).
Tokunaga, Tetsu K.
Biological production of products from waste gases
A method and apparatus are designed for converting waste gases from industrial processes such as oil refining, and carbon black, coke, ammonia, and methanol production, into useful products. The method includes introducing the waste gases into a bioreactor where they are fermented to various products, such as organic acids, alcohols, hydrogen, single cell protein, and salts of organic acids by anaerobic bacteria within the bioreactor. These valuable end products are then recovered, separated and purified.
Gaddy, James L. (Fayetteville, AR)
Critical confinement and elastic instability in thin solid films
When a flexible plate is peeled off a thin and soft elastic film bonded to a rigid support, uniformly spaced fingering patterns develop along their line of contact. While, the wavelength of these patterns depends only on the thickness of the film, their amplitude varies with all material and geometric properties of the film and that of the adhering plate. Here we have analyzed this instability by the regular perturbation technique to obtain the excess deformations of the film over and above the base quantities. Furthermore, by calculating the excess energy of the system we have shown that these excess deformations, associated with the instability, occur for films which are critically confined. We have presented two different experiments for controlling the degree of confinement: by pre-stretching the film and by adjusting the contact width between the film and the plate.
Animangsu Ghatak; Manoj K. Chaudhury
Thin film photovoltaic device and process of manufacture
Provided is a thin film photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing the device. The thin film photovoltaic device comprises a film layer having particles which are smaller than about 30 microns in size held in an electrically insulating matrix material to reduce the potential for electrical shorting through the film layer. The film layer may be provided by depositing preformed particles onto a surrogate substrate and binding the particles in a film-forming matrix material to form a flexible sheet with the film layer. The flexible sheet may be separated from the surrogate substrate and cut into flexible strips. A plurality of the flexible strips may be located adjacent to and supported by a common supporting substrate to form a photovoltaic module having a plurality of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells.
Albright, Scot P. (Lakewood, CO); Chamberlin, Rhodes (El Paso, TX)
Provided is a thin film photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing the device. The thin film photovoltaic device comprises a film layer having particles which are smaller than about 30 microns in size held in an electrically insulating matrix material to reduce the potential for electrical shorting through the film layer. The film layer may be provided by depositing preformed particles onto a surrogate substrate and binding the particles in a film-forming matrix material to form a flexible sheet with the film layer. The flexible sheet may be separated from the surrogate substrate and cut into flexible strips. A plurality of the flexible strips may be located adjacent to and supported by a common supporting substrate to form a photovoltaic module having a plurality of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells. 13 figs.
Albright, S.P.; Chamberlin, R.
TI--CR--AL--O thin film resistors
Thin films of Ti--Cr--Al--O are used as a resistor material. The films are rf sputter deposited from ceramic targets using a reactive working gas mixture of Ar and O.sub.2. Resistivity values from 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.10 Ohm-cm have been measured for Ti--Cr--Al--O film <1 .mu.m thick. The film resistivity can be discretely selected through control of the target composition and the deposition parameters. The application of Ti--Cr--Al--O as a thin film resistor has been found to be thermodynamically stable, unlike other metal-oxide films. The Ti--Cr--Al--O film can be used as a vertical or lateral resistor, for example, as a layer beneath a field emission cathode in a flat panel display; or used to control surface emissivity, for example, as a coating on an insulating material such as vertical wall supports in flat panel displays.
Jankowski, Alan F. (Livermore, CA); Schmid, Anthony P. (Solana Beach, CA)
Casimir effect for thin films from imperfect materials
We propose an approach for investigation of interaction of thin material films with quantum electrodynamic fields. Using main principles of quantum electrodynamics (locality, gauge invariance, renormalizability) we construct a single model for Casimir-like phenomena arising near the film boundary on distances much larger then Compton wavelength of the electron where fluctuations of Dirac fields are not essential. In this model the thin film is presented by a singular background field concentrated on a 2-dimensional surface. All properties of the film material are described by one dimensionless parameter. For two parallel plane films we calculate the photon propagator and the Casimir force, which appears to be dependent on film material and can be both attractive and repulsive. We consider also an interaction of plane film with point charge and straight line current. Here, besides usual results of classical electrodynamics the model predicts appearance of anomalous electric and magnetic fields.
V. N. Markov; Yu. M. Pis'mak
Ferromagnetic resonance of sputtered yttrium iron garnet nanometer films
Growth of nm-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films by sputtering and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) properties in the films were studied. The FMR linewidth of the YIG film decreased as the film thickness was increased from several nanometers to about 100?nm. For films with very smooth surfaces, the linewidth increased linearly with frequency. In contrast, for films with big grains on the surface, the linewidth-frequency response was strongly nonlinear. Films in the 7�26?nm thickness range showed a surface roughness between 0.1?nm and 0.4?nm, a 9.48-GHz FMR linewidth in the 6�10?Oe range, and a damping constant of about 0.001.
Liu, Tao [Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (United States); State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Chang, Houchen; Sun, Yiyan; Kabatek, Michael; Wu, Mingzhong, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (United States); Vlaminck, Vincent; Hoffmann, Axel [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Deng, Longjiang [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)
Covered Product Category: Cool Roof Products
FEMP provides acquisition guidance across a variety of product categories, including cool roof products, which are an ENERGY STAR�-qualified product category. Federal laws and requirements mandate that agencies meet these efficiency requirements in all procurement and acquisition actions that are not specifically exempted by law.
Thin superconducting films: sputtering, characterizations, and applications. January 1975-December 1987 (citations from the INSPEC: Information Services for the Physics and Engineering Communities data base). Report for January 1975-December 1987
This bibliography contains citations concerning the theories, production, characterizations, and applications of thin superconducting films. Sputtering techniques for fabricating thin superconducting films from transition metals, rare earth compounds, aluminum group metals, and germanium group metals are discussed. Their electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties are also examined. Topics include critical characteristics, transition temperatures, superconductive tunnelling and junctions, electrical impedances and energy gaps, persistent currents, and size effects. Thin superconducting film applications include optical detection, optical switching, Josephson junctions, microwave devices, and surface acoustic devices. (Contains 302 citations fully indexed and including a title list.)
Aesculap, Inc. Air Products
Aesculap, Inc. Air Products Air Products Foundation Alaric Compliance Services, LLC Alvin H. Butz & Herger, Inc. Sodexo Campus Services Sodexo Inc. and Affiliates Stupp Bros., Inc. Sugarbush Products, Inc
Napier, Terrence
By-Products Utilization
in a variety of rubber and plastic products, thermal incineration of waste tires for production of electricity rubber in asphalt mixes, (ii) thermal incineration of worn-out tires for the production of electricity
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of
from Isotope Production Facility
Cancer-fighting treatment gets boost from Isotope Production Facility April 13, 2012 Isotope Production Facility produces cancer-fighting actinium 2:32 Isotope cancer treatment...
Empirical assessment of a prismatic daylight-redirecting window film in a full-scale office testbed
of a microstructured prismatic window film in deep open plandaylight- redirecting window film in a full-scale officedaylight- redirecting window film in a full-scale office
Thanachareonkit, Anothai
Geometric shape control of thin film ferroelectrics and resulting structures
A monolithic crystalline structure and a method of making involves a semiconductor substrate, such as silicon, and a ferroelectric film, such as BaTiO.sub.3, overlying the surface of the substrate wherein the atomic layers of the ferroelectric film directly overlie the surface of the substrate. By controlling the geometry of the ferroelectric thin film, either during build-up of the thin film or through appropriate treatment of the thin film adjacent the boundary thereof, the in-plane tensile strain within the ferroelectric film is relieved to the extent necessary to permit the ferroelectric film to be poled out-of-plane, thereby effecting in-plane switching of the polarization of the underlying substrate material. The method of the invention includes the steps involved in effecting a discontinuity of the mechanical restraint at the boundary of the ferroelectric film atop the semiconductor substrate by, for example, either removing material from a ferroelectric film which has already been built upon the substrate, building up a ferroelectric film upon the substrate in a mesa-shaped geometry or inducing the discontinuity at the boundary by ion beam deposition techniques.
McKee, Rodney A. (Kingston, TN); Walker, Frederick J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
NANO TOOLS & PRODUCTS IN MICRO & NANOTECHNOLOGY Engineered Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and
MICRO NANO TOOLS & PRODUCTS IN MICRO & NANOTECHNOLOGY Engineered Carbon Nanotube (CNT aligned nanorods, helices, and chevrons. Hybrid Nano-CMOS Chips--Hewlett-Packard Laboratories www coating. The result is a uni- form, durable nano-thin film treatment that delivers quantum physical
Scalable Thick-Film Magnetics: Nano Structured Scalable Thick-Film Magnetics
ADEPT Project: Magnetic components are typically the largest components in a power converter. To date, however, researchers haven't found an effective way to reduce their size without negatively impacting their performance. And, reducing the size of the converter's other components isn't usually an option because shrinking them can also diminish the effectiveness of the magnetic components. GE is developing smaller magnetic components for power converters that maintain high performance levels. The company is building smaller components with magnetic films. These films are created using the condensation of a vaporized form of the magnetic material. It's a purely physical process that involves no chemical reactions, so the film composition is uniform. This process makes it possible to create a millimeter-thick film deposition over a wide surface area fairly quickly, which would save on manufacturing costs. In fact, GE can produce 1-10 millimeter-thick films in hours. The magnetic components that GE is developing for this project could be used in a variety of applications, including solar inverters, electric vehicles, and lighting.
Highly Conductive and Porous Activated Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for High-Power Supercapacitors
Highly Conductive and Porous Activated Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for High-Power Supercapacitors for a free-standing carbon film reported to date. A two-electrode supercapacitor using these carbon films. KEYWORDS: Graphene, flexible film, chemical activation, supercapacitors Free-standing thin film materials
Substrate Effect on the Melting Temperature of Thin Polyethylene Films M. Rafailovich,1,* J. Sokolov,1
Substrate Effect on the Melting Temperature of Thin Polyethylene Films Y. Wang,1 M. Rafailovich,1 polyethylene thin films. The Tm decreases with the film thickness decrease when the film is thinner than that the degree of crystal- linity of polyethylene (PE) remained high even in films as thin as 15 nm [5]. A novel
Piezoelectric film load cell robot collision detector
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are doweled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.
Lembke, J.R.
Mechanism of constitution liquid film migration
Liquid film migration (LFM) in liquid phase sintering classically involves a large metastable liquid volume adjacent to solid, and migration occurs at an isolated solid-liquid (S-L) interface. Constitutional liquid film migration (CLFM), discovered in alloy 718, has major characteristics similar to those of LFM, except that the metastable liquid is from the constitutional liquation of precipitates on the grain boundary. The similarity between LFM and CLFM has led to the theory that coherency lattice strain responsible for LFM is also responsible for CLFM. The coherency strain hypothesis was tested in this study by evaluating whether the Hillert model of LFM would also apply for CLFM. Experimental results of CLFM in alloy 718 showed that migration velocity followed the trend predicted by the Hillert model. This indicates that the coherency strain hypothesis of LFM also applies for CLFM and that the coherency lattice strain responsible for LFM is also the driving force for CLFM.
Thermal Conductivity in Nanocrystalline Ceria Thin Films
The thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline ceria films grown by unbalanced magnetron sputtering is determined as a function of temperature using laser-based modulated thermoreflectance. The films exhibit significantly reduced conductivity compared with stoichiometric bulk CeO2. A variety of microstructure imaging techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron analysis, and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that the thermal conductivity is influenced by grain boundaries, dislocations, and oxygen vacancies. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is analyzed using an analytical solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. The conclusion of this study is that oxygen vacancies pose a smaller impediment to thermal transport when they segregate along grain boundaries.
Marat Khafizov; In-Wook Park; Aleksandr Chernatynskiy; Lingfeng He; Jianliang Lin; John J. Moore; David Swank; Thomas Lillo; Simon R. Phillpot; Anter El-Azab; David H. Hurley
Polycrystalline thin films FY 1992 project report
This report summarizes the activities and results of the Polycrystalline Thin Film Project during FY 1992. The purpose of the DOE/NREL PV (photovoltaic) Program is to facilitate the development of PV that can be used on a large enough scale to produce a significant amount of energy in the US and worldwide. The PV technologies under the Polycrystalline Thin Film project are among the most exciting ``next-generation`` options for achieving this goal. Over the last 15 years, cell-level progress has been steady, with laboratory cell efficiencies reaching levels of 15 to 16%. This progress, combined with potentially inexpensive manufacturing methods, has attracted significant commercial interest from US and international companies. The NREL/DOE program is designed to support the efforts of US companies through cost-shared subcontracts (called ``government/industry partnerships``) that we manage and fund and through collaborative technology development work among industry, universities, and our laboratory.
Zweibel, K. [ed.
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector.
Lembke, John R. (Overland Park, KS)
Thin film photovoltaic panel and method
A thin film photovoltaic panel includes a backcap for protecting the active components of the photovoltaic cells from adverse environmental elements. A spacing between the backcap and a top electrode layer is preferably filled with a desiccant to further reduce water vapor contamination of the environment surrounding the photovoltaic cells. The contamination of the spacing between the backcap and the cells may be further reduced by passing a selected gas through the spacing subsequent to sealing the backcap to the base of the photovoltaic panels, and once purged this spacing may be filled with an inert gas. The techniques of the present invention are preferably applied to thin film photovoltaic panels each formed from a plurality of photovoltaic cells arranged on a vitreous substrate. The stability of photovoltaic conversion efficiency remains relatively high during the life of the photovoltaic panel, and the cost of manufacturing highly efficient panels with such improved stability is significantly reduced.
Ackerman, Bruce (El Paso, TX); Albright, Scot P. (El Paso, TX); Jordan, John F. (El Paso, TX)
Electro-deposition of superconductor oxide films
Methods for preparing high quality superconducting oxide precursors which are well suited for further oxidation and annealing to form superconducting oxide films. The method comprises forming a multilayered superconducting precursor on a substrate by providing an electrodeposition bath comprising an electrolyte medium and a substrate electrode, and providing to the bath a plurality of precursor metal salts which are capable of exhibiting superconducting properties upon subsequent treatment. The superconducting precursor is then formed by electrodepositing a first electrodeposited (ED) layer onto the substrate electrode, followed by depositing a layer of silver onto the first electrodeposited (ED) layer, and then electrodepositing a second electrodeposited (ED) layer onto the Ag layer. The multilayered superconducting precursor is suitable for oxidation at a sufficient annealing temperature in air or an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form a crystalline superconducting oxide film.
Bhattacharya, Raghu N. (Littleton, CO)
Germanium films by polymer-assisted deposition
Highly ordered Ge films are prepared directly on single crystal Si substrates by applying an aqueous coating solution having Ge-bound polymer onto the substrate and then heating in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. A coating solution was prepared by mixing water, a germanium compound, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and polyethyleneimine to form a first aqueous solution and then subjecting the first aqueous solution to ultrafiltration.
Jia, Quanxi; Burrell, Anthony K.; Bauer, Eve; Ronning, Filip; McCleskey, Thomas Mark; Zou, Guifu
High quality transparent conducting oxide thin films
A transparent conducting oxide (TCO) film comprising: a TCO layer, and dopants selected from the elements consisting of Vanadium, Molybdenum, Tantalum, Niobium, Antimony, Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium, wherein the elements are n-type dopants; and wherein the transparent conducting oxide is characterized by an improved electron mobility of about 42 cm.sup.2/V-sec while simultaneously maintaining a high carrier density of .about.4.4e.times.10.sup.20 cm.sup.-3.
Gessert, Timothy A. (Conifer, CO); Duenow, Joel N. (Golden, CO); Barnes, Teresa (Evergreen, CO); Coutts, Timothy J. (Golden, CO)
Symmetry Breaking in Few Layer Graphene Films
Recently, it was demonstrated that the quasiparticledynamics, the layer-dependent charge and potential, and the c-axisscreening coefficient could be extracted from measurements of thespectral function of few layer graphene films grown epitaxially on SiCusing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In this articlewe review these findings, and present detailed methodology for extractingsuch parameters from ARPES. We also present detailed arguments againstthe possibility of an energy gap at the Dirac crossing ED.
Bostwick, A.; Ohta, T.; McChesney, J.L.; Emtsev, K.; Seyller,Th.; Horn, K.; Rotenberg, E.
Structures for dense, crack free thin films
The process described herein provides a simple and cost effective method for making crack free, high density thin ceramic film. The steps involve depositing a layer of a ceramic material on a porous or dense substrate. The deposited layer is compacted and then the resultant laminate is sintered to achieve a higher density than would have been possible without the pre-firing compaction step.
Jacobson, Craig P. (Lafayette, CA); Visco, Steven J. (Berkeley, CA); De Jonghe, Lutgard C. (Lafayette, CA)
Packaging material for thin film lithium batteries
A thin film battery including components which are capable of reacting upon exposure to air and water vapor incorporates a packaging system which provides a barrier against the penetration of air and water vapor. The packaging system includes a protective sheath overlying and coating the battery components and can be comprised of an overlayer including metal, ceramic, a ceramic-metal combination, a parylene-metal combination, a parylene-ceramic combination or a parylene-metal-ceramic combination.
Bates, John B. (116 Baltimore Dr., Oak Ridge, TN 37830); Dudney, Nancy J. (11634 S. Monticello Rd., Knoxville, TN 37922); Weatherspoon, Kim A. (223 Wadsworth Pl., Oak Ridge, TN 37830)
MonolayerThickness of Block Copolymer Films
.47 · Index of ref. for PS-PEHMA 1.51 #12;Annealing the films · Tg 22nm 24nm Height Images #12;AFM 12-33 26nm 28nm 30nm Bi-continuous #12;12-33Area% 13.08 31.55 41 Area % Thickness (nm) Monolayer: 18.86nm Bilayer: 37.72nm #12;Monolayer thickness 12
Petta, Jason
Langmuir Films of Polycyclic Molecules on Mercury
Langmuir films (LFs) of biphenyl and anthracene derivatives on the surface of liquid mercury were studied by surface-specific X-ray and surface tension measurements. Phases of lying-down, side-lying and standing-up molecules were found, some of which exhibit long-range lateral order. The molecular symmetry and the position and nature of the side-, end-, and headgroups are shown to dominate the structural evolution of the LFs with surface coverage.
Tamam,L.; Kraack, H.; Sloutskin, E.; Ocko, B.; Pershan, P.; Deutsch, M.
Modeling and simulation of film blowing process
, their work does not include crystallization kinetics, hence, restricted to amorphous polymers. Cao and Campbell?s predictions of bubble radius, temperature, and velocity profiles are in reasonably good agreement with Gupta?s (1980) experimental measurements.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 V Process conditions used for the analysis of Exxon data. . . . . . . . . 99 VI The influence of radiation heat transfer on the process. . . . . . . . . 171 x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1 Schematic of a typical film blowing process...
Mayavaram, Ravisankar S.
Chapter 1.19: Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Thin Film: CdTe
The chapter reviews the history, development, and present processes used to fabricate thin-film, CdTe-based photovoltaic (PV) devices. It is intended for readers who are generally familiar with the operation and material aspects of PV devices but desire a deeper understanding of the process sequences used in CdTe PV technology. The discussion identifies why certain processes may have commercial production advantages and how the various process steps can interact with each other to affect device performance and reliability. The chapter concludes with a discussion of considerations of large-area CdTe PV deployment including issues related to material availability and energy-payback time.
Gessert, T. A.
Supply Chain Integration, Product Modularity, and Market Valuation: Evidence from the Solar Energy Industry
of the solar modules that are ultimately installed as panels on rooftops to Page 15 convert solar energy to electricity. The supply chain for the production of thin-film cells involves a subset of these processes: the production of solar cells... determine the network by identifying the supply chain linkages reported in 119 newswire announcements of solar PV supply contracts in Factiva for the year 2007. We supplement this data with information on customer and supplier relationships provided...
Davies, Jane; Joglekar, Nitin
Controlled nanostructuration of polycrystalline tungsten thin films
Nanostructured tungsten thin films have been obtained by ion beam sputtering technique stopping periodically the growing. The total thickness was maintained constant while nanostructure control was obtained using different stopping periods in order to induce film stratification. The effect of tungsten sublayers' thicknesses on film composition, residual stresses, and crystalline texture evolution has been established. Our study reveals that tungsten crystallizes in both stable {alpha}- and metastable {beta}-phases and that volume proportions evolve with deposited sublayers' thicknesses. {alpha}-W phase shows original fiber texture development with two major preferential crystallographic orientations, namely, {alpha}-W<110> and unexpectedly {alpha}-W<111> texture components. The partial pressure of oxygen and presence of carbon have been identified as critical parameters for the growth of metastable {beta}-W phase. Moreover, the texture development of {alpha}-W phase with two texture components is shown to be the result of a competition between crystallographic planes energy minimization and crystallographic orientation channeling effect maximization. Controlled grain size can be achieved for the {alpha}-W phase structure over 3 nm stratification step. Below, the {beta}-W phase structure becomes predominant.
Girault, B. [Institut P' (UPR 3346 CNRS), Universite de Poitiers, ENSMA, Bd Pierre et Marie Curie, 86962 Futuroscope Cedex (France); Institut de Recherche en Genie Civil et Mecanique (UMR CNRS 6183), LUNAM Universite, Universite de Nantes, Centrale Nantes, CRTT, 37 Bd de l'Universite, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex (France); Eyidi, D.; Goudeau, P.; Guerin, P.; Bourhis, E. Le; Renault, P.-O. [Institut P' (UPR 3346 CNRS), Universite de Poitiers, ENSMA, Bd Pierre et Marie Curie, 86962 Futuroscope Cedex (France); Sauvage, T. [CEMHTI/CNRS (UPR 3079 CNRS), Universite d'Orleans, 3A rue de la Ferollerie, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2 (France)
Characterization of Rh films on Ta(110)
The surface and electronic structure of Rh films on Ta(110) up to several monolayers thick on Ta(110) are characterized by photoemission, Auger emission, low energy electron diffraction and low energy ion scattering. From the variation of the Rh Auger peak-to-peak intensity as a function of evaporation time, Rh/Ta(110) appears to grow in the Stranski-Krastanov mode at room temperature. However, the LEIS data show that the Rh adatoms begin to cluster on Ta(110) before growth of the monolayer is completed. Diffuse LEED scattering suggests that the Rh films are disordered. Photoemission shows that Rh chemisorption on Ta(110) generates two peaks located at 1.2 and 2. 5 eV binding energy during the initial phase of thin film growth (0 < {Theta} < 0.5 ML). By 0.75 ML Rh coverage, those states merge into a broad structure centered near 2 eV binding energy. Photoemission peaks typical of a Rh(111) surface are seen at higher coverages ({Theta} > 3.7 ML). Photoemission data for CO covered surfaces show that CO dissociates on the Rh/Ta(110) surface for Rh coverages less than 2.5 ML and also show that the Rh clusters develop at least one site capable of molecular CO adsorption above 0.3 ML Rh coverage. 38 refs., 5 figs.
Jiang, L.Q.; Ruckman, M.W.; Strongin, M.
Optical films for solar energy applications
A number of solar energy conversion materials and coatings are considered stratified media. They are generally classified as graded-index media or layered media. With index coatings, two components (such as air and SiO/sub 2/ or Cr and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/) are created in a non-linear fashion with depth into the coating. By simple materials admixing, a coating is formed with varying optical constants (n, k). Layered media generally consist of interference films, films with thicknesses below the wavelength of light, made of alternating dissimilar media such as a dielectric and metal combination. This paper presents details of the properties of stratified coatings. Coatings that serve as antireflection films, transparent optical insulation (silica aerogel), thermal heat mirrors, or selective absorbers are also discussed. Both interference and semiconductor types of heat mirrors are evaluated. Four types of selective absorbers are also covered: dendritic optical trapping, graded composite, metal/dielectric tandems, and optical interference techniques.
Lampert, C.M.
Reactive ion beam etching of HfO{sub 2} film and removal of sidewall redeposition
Comparative studies on ion beam etching (IBE) and reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) of HfO{sub 2} film have been carried out using photoresist as the masking layer. The etching rates of HfO{sub 2} film and photoresist mask in pure Ar and Ar/CHF{sub 3} mixture plasmas were measured as a function of ion energy, plasma composition, and ion beam incident angle. It has been found that the RIBE with Ar/CHF{sub 3} plasma is capable of lowering the threshold energy of ion beam and increasing sputtering yield, compared to the IBE with pure Ar. The redeposition of photoresist sidewall is a major issue, due to the formation of nonvolatile etching products during sputtering of HfO{sub 2} film in both IBE and RIBE. However, the sidewall redeposition can be easily removed in HCl solutions with assistance of ultrasonic wave for RIBE with Ar/CHF{sub 3} plasma. Alternatively, the sidewall redeposition can be eliminated by controlling the slope of photoresist sidewall or combined with ion incident angle.
Wang Xudi; Liu Ying; Xu Xiangdong; Fu Shaojun; Cui Zheng [National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China) and School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China); Central Microstructure Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX (United Kingdom)
Resource recovery from urban stock, the example of cadmium and tellurium from thin film module recycling
Highlights: ? The semiconductor layer on thin-film photovoltaic modules can be removed from the glass-plate by vacuum blast cleaning. ? The separation of blasting agent and semiconductor can be performed using flotation with a valuable yield of 55%. ? PV modules are a promising source for the recovery of tellurium in the future. - Abstract: Raw material supply is essential for all industrial activities. The use of secondary raw material gains more importance since ore grade in primary production is decreasing. Meanwhile urban stock contains considerable amounts of various elements. Photovoltaic (PV) generating systems are part of the urban stock and recycling technologies for PV thin film modules with CdTe as semiconductor are needed because cadmium could cause hazardous environmental impact and tellurium is a scarce element where future supply might be constrained. The paper describes a sequence of mechanical processing techniques for end-of-life PV thin film modules consisting of sandblasting and flotation. Separation of the semiconductor material from the glass surface was possible, however, enrichment and yield of valuables in the flotation step were non-satisfying. Nevertheless, recovery of valuable metals from urban stock is a viable method for the extension of the availability of limited natural resources.
Simon, F.-G., E-mail: email@example.com [BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.3 Contaminant Transfer and Environmental Technologies, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany); Holm, O.; Berger, W. [BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.3 Contaminant Transfer and Environmental Technologies, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany)
Meats & Products Agricultural Inputs
Meats & Products Agricultural Inputs Processing Idaho B20 C C B Meats and Livestock Products Index to agriculture? Legend Overall weighted grade Weighted rank Northwest Midwest Southwest East Meats & ProductsProcessingessing Maine B11 B A A Meats & Products Agricultural Inputs Processing New York F49 F F F soductsoducts
Collett Jr., Jeffrey L.
Feasibility of Large Free-standing Liquid Films in Space
We consider the feasibility of large-scale free-standing thin liquid film experiment in the space environment as a new realization to study two-dimensional hydrodynamics. We identify material and environmental criteria necessary to avoid freezing, evaporation, chemical degradation, and spontaneous collapse of the film. These criteria pose no obstacles to achieving films of kilometer scale and lifetime of many months, with attainable Reynolds number up to 10^7. However, impacts from meteoroids pose a serious threat to the film, and require substantial shielding or unproven self-healing properties in the film. Current theoretical and experimental studies of two-dimensional turbulence are briefly reviewed. We also describe a specific candidate liquid for the film.
Rui Zheng; Thomas A. Witten
Bonding topologies in diamondlike amorphous-carbon films
The carbon ion energy used during filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition determines the bonding topologies of amorphous-carbon (a-C) films. Regions of relatively low density occur near the substrate/film and film/surface interfaces and their thicknesses increase with increasing deposition energy. The ion subplantation growth results in mass density gradients in the bulk portion of a-C in the growth direction; density decreases with distance from the substrate for films grown using ion energies < 60 eV and increases for films grown using ion energies > 160 eV. Films grown between these energies are the most diamondlike with relatively uniform bulk density and the highest optical transparencies. Bonding topologies evolve with increasing growth energy consistent with the propagation of subplanted carbon ions inducing a partial transformation of 4-fold to 3-fold coordinated carbon atoms.
Device for translating negative film image to a line scan
A negative film reader records high-resolution optical density changes across negative film radiographic images to allow precise image dimensions to be determined. A laser light source capable of high-resolution focusing is passed through an intensity control filter, focused by a lens, and reflected off a mirror to focus in the plane of the negative film. The light transmitted through the film is collected by a second lens and directed to a photo diode detector which senses the transmitted intensity. The output of the photo diode signal amplifier is sent to the Y-axis input of an X-Y recorder. The film sample is transported in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis by means of a slide. The film position is monitored, with the signal amplified and recorded as the X-axis on the X-Y recorder. The linear dimensions and positions of image components can be determined by direct measurement of the amplified recording.
Dutton, G.W.
Precursors for the polymer-assisted deposition of films
A polymer assisted deposition process for deposition of metal oxide films is presented. The process includes solutions of one or more metal precursor and soluble polymers having binding properties for the one or more metal precursor. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is heated at high temperatures to yield metal oxide films. Such films can be epitaxial in structure and can be of optical quality. The process can be organic solvent-free.
McCleskey, Thomas M.; Burrell, Anthony K.; Jia, Quanxi; Lin, Yuan
Growth of epitaxial thin films by pulsed laser ablation
High-quality, high-temperature superconductor (HTSc) films can be grown by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) process. This article provides a detailed introduction to the advantages and curent limitations of PLA for epitaxial film growth. Emphasis is placed on experimental methods and on exploitation of PLA to control epitaxial growth at either the unit cell or the atomic-layer level. Examples are taken from recent HTSc film growth. 33 figs, 127 refs. (DLC)
Lowndes, D.H.
Thin film adhesion by nanoindentation-induced superlayers. Final report
This work has analyzed the key variables of indentation tip radius, contact radius, delamination radius, residual stress and superlayer/film/interlayer properties on nanoindentation measurements of adhesion. The goal to connect practical works of adhesion for very thin films to true works of adhesion has been achieved. A review of this work titled ''Interfacial toughness measurements of thin metal films,'' which has been submitted to Acta Materialia, is included.
Gerberich, William W.; Volinsky, A.A.
Exam 2A Phys 111 Section_____ _ Fall 2006 Name____________________________________________ A The exam is closed book and closed notes.
kx2 , Ugi + Usi + KI = Ugf + Usf + Kf Ugi + Usi + KI + Wnc = Ugf + Usf + Kf momentum: p = mv; Pi = Pf
Janow, Rich
ForReview.Confidential-ACS Catalytic Transformation of 1,3,5 -Trimethyl Benzene over USY Zeolite
and trimethylbenzenes (TMB) coming from the reforming and pyrolysis of gasoline, into benzene and xylenes via
I corsi di BioBusiness dell'USI in premio alla migliore start-up biotech italiana
, Bio & Nano, Social Innovation. L'iniziativa, nata in occasione dei 150 anni dell'Unità di Italia e
Krause, Rolf
amorphous diamond films: Topics by E-print Network
simulations of the nanometer-scale indentation of amorphous-carbon thin films Materials Science Websites Summary: , and lattice constants of both solid-state diamond and...
Characterization of Nanoporous WO3 Films Grown via Ballistic...
on the preparation and characterization of high surface area, supported nanoporous tungsten oxide films prepared under different conditions on polished polycrystalline Ta and...
Lost films chronicle dawn of hydroelectric power in the Northwest
Lost-films-chronicle-dawn-of-hydroelectric-power-in-the-Northwest Sign In About | Careers | Contact | Investors | bpa.gov Search News & Us Expand News & Us Projects &...
Rechargeable thin film battery and method for making the same
A rechargeable, stackable, thin film, solid-state lithium electrochemical cell, thin film lithium battery and method for making the same is disclosed. The cell and battery provide for a variety configurations, voltage and current capacities. An innovative low temperature ion beam assisted deposition method for fabricating thin film, solid-state anodes, cathodes and electrolytes is disclosed wherein a source of energetic ions and evaporants combine to form thin film cell components having preferred crystallinity, structure and orientation. The disclosed batteries are particularly useful as power sources for portable electronic devices and electric vehicle applications where high energy density, high reversible charge capacity, high discharge current and long battery lifetimes are required.
Goldner, Ronald B.; Liu, Te-Yang; Goldner, Mark A.; Gerouki, Alexandra; Haas, Terry E.
Creating CZTS Thin Films Via Stacked Metallic CVD and Sulfurization
Research, Thin-Film Photovoltaic (PV) Cells Market Analysiscost of photovoltaic systems (such as solar cells) due tosolar cells are created by depositing layers of photovoltaic
Bielecki, Anthony
Films of bacteria at interfaces: three stages of behaviour
Bacterial attachment to a fluid interface can lead to the formation of a film with physicochemical properties that evolve with time. We study the time evolution of interface (micro)mechanics for interfaces between oil and bacterial suspensions by following the motion of colloidal probes trapped by capillarity to determine the interface microrheology. Initially, active bacteria at and near the interface drive superdiffusive motion of the colloidal probes. Over timescales of minutes, the bacteria form a viscoelastic film which we discuss as a quasi-two-dimensional, active, glassy system. To study late stage mechanics of the film, we use pendant drop elastometry. The films, grown over tens of hours on oil drops, are expanded and compressed by changing the drop volume. For small strains, by modeling the films as 2D Hookean solids, we estimate the film elastic moduli, finding values similar to those reported in the literature for the bacteria themselves. For large strains, the films are highly hysteretic. Finally, from wrinkles formed on highly compressed drops, we estimate film bending energies. The dramatic restructuring of the interface by such robust films has broad implications, e.g. in the study of active colloids, in understanding the community dynamics of bacteria, and in applied settings including bioremediation.
Liana Vaccari; Daniel Allan; Nima Sharifi-Mood; Aayush Singh; Robert Leheny; Kathleen Stebe
active monomolecular films: Topics by E-print Network
passive and active behavior Biotechnology Websites Summary: on elastic polymeric membranes. Further development of such muscular thin films for building actuators). The...
Electrocaloric devices based on thini-film heat switches
We describe a new approach to refrigeration and electrical generation that exploits the attractive properties of thin films of electrocaloric materials. Layers of electrocaloric material coupled with thin-film heat switches can work as either refrigerators or electrical generators, depending on the phasing of the applied voltages and heat switching. With heat switches based on thin layers of liquid crystals, the efficiency of these thin-film heat engines can be at least as high as that of current thermoelectric devices. Advanced heat switches would enable thin-film heat engines to outperform conventional vaporcompression devices.
Epstein, Richard I [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Malloy, Kevin J [UNM
applications thin film: Topics by E-print Network
Nikolay 27 Solvent-enhanced dye diffusion in polymer thin films for polymer light-emitting diode application Engineering Websites Summary: Solvent-enhanced dye diffusion in...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
film based panel -formed at high accuracy (<1.5 mrad RMS slope error) Adaptive optics (minimizes canting errors) Space frame based support structure Operation and...
Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Transparent Electrodes...
Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Transparent Electrodes in Organic Solar Cells Home > Research > ANSER Research Highlights > Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube...
Green emission in carbon doped ZnO films
The emission behavior of C-doped ZnO films, which were prepared by implantation of carbon into ZnO films, is investigated. Orange/red emission is observed for the films with the thickness of 60�100 nm. However, the film with thickness of 200 nm shows strong green emission. Further investigations by annealing bulk ZnO single crystals under different environments, i.e. Ar, Zn or C vapor, indicated that the complex defects based on Zn interstitials are responsible for the strong green emission. The existence of complex defects was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement.
Tseng, L. T.; Yi, J. B., E-mail: email@example.com; Zhang, X. Y.; Xing, G. Z.; Luo, X.; Li, S. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052 (Australia); Fan, H. M. [School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Herng, T. S.; Ding, J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 (Singapore); Ionescu, M. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234 (Australia)
Low-Cost Light Weigh Thin Film Solar Concentrators
Light Weight Thin Film Solar Concentrators PI: Gani B. Ganapathi (JPLCaltech) Other Contributors: L'Garde: Art Palisoc, Gyula Greschik, Koorosh Gidanian JPL: Bill Nesmith,...
Photoresponse of Tb{sup 3+} doped phosphosilicate thin films
Phosphosilicate ceramic was doped with Tb{sup 3+} using sol-gel technique to prepare thin films. The films were prepared by spin coating the phosphosilicate sols on SiO{sub x}/indium-tin-oxide/glass substrates. The photocurrent of the films at 355 nm laser excitation was observed. The photoresponse as a function of applied field and laser energy was linear and showed no sign of saturation. The films exhibited very stable photoresponse under a very high number of laser shots.
Lee, B.L.; Cao, Z. [Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Gilbert C. Robinson Dept. of Ceramic and Materials Engineering] [Clemson Univ., SC (United States). Gilbert C. Robinson Dept. of Ceramic and Materials Engineering; Sisk, W.N.; Hudak, J. [Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC (United States)] [Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC (United States); Samuels, W.D.; Exarhos, G.J. [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States). Materials and Chemical Science] [Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA (United States). Materials and Chemical Science
antibacterial thin films: Topics by E-print Network
Skovlin, Dean Oliver 2012-06-07 138 Uncooled Thin Film Pyroelectric IR Detector with Aerogel Thermal Isolation CiteSeer Summary: Uncooled pyroelectric IR imaging systems, such...
"De film is beter" Felix van groeningen over
UltUUr 20 Cultuuragenda 21 Film 21 Schamper Bits 22 Young@Heart 22 uFo 24 SKO: de muziek 25 2 Fabiola 26
Investigation of solution-processed bismuth-niobium-oxide films
The characteristics of bismuth-niobium-oxide (BNO) films prepared using a solution process were investigated. The BNO film annealed at 550?�C involving three phases: an amorphous phase, Bi{sub 3}NbO{sub 7} fluorite microcrystals, and Nb-rich cubic pyrochlore microcrystals. The cubic pyrochlore structure, which was the main phase in this film, has not previously been reported in BNO films. The relative dielectric constant of the BNO film was approximately 140, which is much higher than that of a corresponding film prepared using a conventional vacuum sputtering process. Notably, the cubic pyrochlore microcrystals disappeared with increasing annealing temperature and were replaced with triclinic ?-BiNbO{sub 4} crystals at 590?�C. The relative dielectric constant also decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Therefore, the high relative dielectric constant of the BNO film annealed at 550?�C is thought to result from the BNO cubic pyrochlore structure. In addition, the BNO films annealed at 500?�C contained approximately 6.5?atm.?% carbon, which was lost at approximately 550?�C. This result suggests that the carbon in the BNO film played an important role in the formation of the cubic pyrochlore structure.
Inoue, Satoshi, E-mail: email@example.com [Green Device Research Center, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan); Ariga, Tomoki [Green Device Research Center, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); ERATO Shimoda Nano-Liquid Process Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); Matsumoto, Shin [School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan); Onoue, Masatoshi; Miyasako, Takaaki [ERATO Shimoda Nano-Liquid Process Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); Tokumitsu, Eisuke; Shimoda, Tatsuya [Green Device Research Center, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292 (Japan); ERATO Shimoda Nano-Liquid Process Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-13 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211 (Japan); Chinone, Norimichi; Cho, Yasuo [Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 (Japan)
amorphous silicon film: Topics by E-print Network
values previously Hellman, Frances 8 Integration of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors through selective crystallization of amorphous silicon Engineering...
al films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
sputtering. Highly oriented, crack-free, stoichiometric polycrystalline rutile TiO2 thin film; RF magnetron sputtering; Phase transition; Deposition parameter effects 1....
aln film deposited: Topics by E-print Network
deposited by the reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique at room, amorphous and polycrystalline GaN thin films have been deposited using the magnetron sputtering...
amorphous silicon films: Topics by E-print Network
almgb14 thin films: Topics by E-print Network
Open Access Theses and Dissertations Summary: ??Performance of polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells is limited by high defect density solid-phase crystallised material....
aggase2 thin films: Topics by E-print Network
aln thin films: Topics by E-print Network
aln films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
alloy films investigated: Topics by E-print Network
characterization tool for mapping shape memory alloy compositions in combinatorial thin-film Rubloff, Gary W. 8 Thermoelastic strain in polycrystalline FePd shape memory alloy...
area thin film: Topics by E-print Network
aluminide thin films: Topics by E-print Network
antiferroelectric thick films: Topics by E-print Network
heatingcooling system. Calibrate the sample temperature. Measure the Tg of PS thin film - and compare an ellipsometer with an INSTEC heatingcooling stage so that...
antiferroelectric thin films: Topics by E-print Network
ain thin films: Topics by E-print Network
ag thick film: Topics by E-print Network
applied. Yagi, Kazuyuki 2006-01-01 23 In situ Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Thin Film Thickness with Ultrasonic Techniques Engineering Websites Summary: In situ...
advanced thin film: Topics by E-print Network
Sol-gel-derived Epitaxial Nanocomposite Thin Films with Large...
nucleation. The magnetoelectric coupling effect is investigated by examining the temperature-dependent magnetization of the composite film, which manifests as a sharp and...
Uncooled thin film pyroelectric IR detector with aerogel thermal isolation
A monolithic infrared detector structure which allows integration of pyroelectric thin films atop low thermal conductivity aerogel thin films. The structure comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate, an aerogel insulating layer, a lower electrode, a pyroelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer capped by a blacking layer. The aerogel can offer thermal conductivity less than that of air, while providing a much stronger monolithic alternative to cantilevered or suspended air-gap structures for pyroelectric thin film pixel arrays. Pb(Zr.sub.0.4 Ti.sub.0.6)O.sub.3 thin films deposited on these structures displayed viable pyroelectric properties, while processed at 550.degree. C.
Ruffner, Judith A. (Albuquerque, NM); Bullington, Jeff A. (Albuquerque, NM); Clem, Paul G. (Albuquerque, NM); Warren, William L. (Albuquerque, NM); Brinker, C. Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Tuttle, Bruce A. (Albuquerque, NM); Schwartz, Robert W. (Seneca, SC)
Interfacial Slip in Entrained Soap Films Containing Associating Hydrosoluble Polymer
, polymers, and even glass beads are often added to help stabilize films against premature rupture to produce high-quality foams and emulsions. Polymeric additivescanundergoassociationwithsurfactantmicelles
Troian, Sandra M.
Thickness Dependency of Thin Film Samaria Doped Ceria for Oxygen...
High temperature oxygen sensors are widely used for exhaust gas monitoring in automobiles. This particular study explores the use of thin film single crystalline samaria...
Final Technical Progress Report: High-Efficiency Low-Cost Thin-Film GaAs Photovoltaic Module Development Program; July 14, 2010 - January 13, 2012
This is the final technical progress report of the High-Efficiency Low-Cost Thin-Film GaAs Photovoltaic Module Development Program. Alta Devices has successfully completed all milestones and deliverables established as part of the NREL PV incubator program. During the 18 months of this program, Alta has proven all key processes required to commercialize its solar module product. The incubator focus was on back end process steps directed at conversion of Alta's high quality solar film into high efficiency 1-sun PV modules. This report describes all program deliverables and the work behind each accomplishment.
Mattos, L.
On the manufacture of very thin elastomeric films by spin-coating
I present a process for manufacturing poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films of thicknesses down to 50 microns. PDMS films are currently fabricated by spin-coating the polymer on a wafer and then manually peeling the film after ...
Krishnan, Sriram, 1978 May-
Confinement and flow dynamics in thin polymer films for nanoimprint lithography
a soft film resist deposited on the surface, the film material flows into the mask features in methyl-isobutyl- ketone. The residual stresses and residual solvent in the film were minimized
Boyer, Edmond
Public women: the representation of prostitutes in German Weimar films (1919-1933)
. The second film, Metropolis, protects its public female character from the sexualized gaze with religion and motherhood at the beginning of the film. However, as the film progresses the main character, Maria, is unwillingly prostituted by the head...
Hoban, Melissa Lee
Fully Solution-Processed Copper Chalcopyrite Thin Film Solar Cells: Materials Chemistry, Processing, and Device Physics
nanowire networks as window layers in thin film solar cells.window layer for fully solution-deposited thin filmITO) thin films by silver nanowire composite window layers
Chung, Choong-Heui
Synthesis and application perspective of advanced plasma polymerized organic thin films
Synthesis and application perspective of advanced plasma polymerized organic thin films I.-S. Bae a November 2005 Abstract Plasma polymerized cyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane organic thin films were rights reserved. Keywords: Plasma polymerization; Ethylcyclohexane and cyclohexane organic thin films
Boo, Jin-Hyo
Hot-Wire Deposition of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline SiGe Films for Thin-Film Si Based Solar Cells
Hot-Wire Deposition of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline SiGe Films for Thin-Film Si Based Solar Cells trapping, for the nc- Si:H absorber in the Si-based thin film solar cells. Furthermore, nc-Si:H is usually bandgap absorber in an a-Si/a-SiGe/nc-SiGe(nc- Si) triple-junction solar cell due to its higher optical
Deng, Xunming
Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production
#12;Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward Zero Carbon Energy Production Toward
Narasayya, Vivek
A study on the evolution of dielectric function of ZnO thin films with decreasing film thickness
Dielectric function, band gap, and exciton binding energies of ultrathin ZnO films as a function of film thickness have been obtained with spectroscopic ellipsometry. As the film thickness decreases, both real (?{sub 1}) and imaginary (?{sub 2}) parts of the dielectric function decrease significantly, and ?{sub 2} shows a blue shift. The film thickness dependence of the dielectric function is shown related to the changes in the interband absorption, discrete-exciton absorption, and continuum-exciton absorption, which can be attributed to the quantum confinement effect on both the band gap and exciton binding energies.
Li, X. D.; Chen, T. P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Liu, P. [School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore (Singapore); Liu, Y. [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054 (China); Liu, Z. [School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Leong, K. C. [GLOBALFOUNDRIES Singapore Pte Ltd, 738406 Singapore (Singapore)
PRODUCT REPRESENTATION IN LIGHTWEIGHT FORMATS FOR PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT (PLM) Lian Ding environments and the entire product lifecycle. There are new requirements for product representations, including: platform/application independence, support for the product lifecycle, rapidly sharing information
Rzepa, Henry S.
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid complex films Sample Search Results
doping acid during the formation of thin films. Both the electrical switching and electrochromic... and forms sulfuric acid within the PBZT film. The ... Source: Guo, John Zhanhu...
E-Print Network 3.0 - archival blood films Sample Search Results
for radiochromic film analysis... of a diabetic blood glucose meter for radiochromic film dosimetry in blood irradiation using x-ray beams... reflectance blood glucose meter for...
window from interfering with light reflected from the film.through the glass window. Thirty to forty films are drawn at
Rosenblatt, Charles
Stoichiometry optimization of homoepitaxial oxide thin films using x-ray diffraction
a �MBE growth window� in which the film stoichiometry iswindow, the best fits of the diffraction patterns were obtained with film
Stemmer, Susanne
Layer-By-Layer Assembled Hybrid Film of Carbon Nanotubes/Iron...
By-Layer Assembled Hybrid Film of Carbon NanotubesIron Oxide Nanocrystals for Reagentless Electrochemical Detection of Layer-By-Layer Assembled Hybrid Film of Carbon Nanotubes...
E-Print Network 3.0 - alumina thin films Sample Search Results
constant in RF devices. Some unique features of thin-film silica and alumina aerogels have been... aerogel thin films, silica and alumina aerogel cantilevers were...
E-Print Network 3.0 - active tio2 films Sample Search Results
Science 10 International Conference on Technological Advances of Thin Films & Surface Coatings (Thin Films 2008), Singapore, 13-16 July 2008 Summary: 4th International...
E-Print Network 3.0 - au-mos2 films sputtered Sample Search Results
cryogenic films of hydrogen by keV ions: Thickness dependence and surface morphology... , solid hydrogen 1. The sputtering of thick films takes places via non-radiative...
Method of lift-off patterning thin films in situ employing phase change resists
Method for making a patterned thin film of an organic semiconductor. The method includes condensing a resist gas into a solid film onto a substrate cooled to a temperature below the condensation point of the resist gas. The condensed solid film is heated selectively with a patterned stamp to cause local direct sublimation from solid to vapor of selected portions of the solid film thereby creating a patterned resist film. An organic semiconductor film is coated on the patterned resist film and the patterned resist film is heated to cause it to sublime away and to lift off because of the phase change.
Bahlke, Matthias Erhard; Baldo, Marc A; Mendoza, Hiroshi Antonio
as2s3 thin films: Topics by E-print Network
Low Cost Production of InGaN for Next-Generation Photovoltaic Devices
The goal of this project is to develop a low-cost and low-energy technology for production of photovoltaic devices based on InGaN materials. This project builds on the ongoing development by Structured Materials Industries (SMI), of novel thin film deposition technology for Group III-Nitride materials, which is capable of depositing Group-III nitride materials at significantly lower costs and significantly lower energy usage compared to conventional deposition techniques. During this project, SMI demonstrated deposition of GaN and InGaN films using metalorganic sources, and demonstrated compatibility of the process with standard substrate materials and hardware components.
Nick M. Sbrockey, Shangzhu Sun, Gary S. Tompa,
Thermionic energy production
This patent describes a thermionic energy converter. It comprises an emitter adapted to be heated to an emitting temperature and having an emitting surface and an opposite emitting surface; a collector support which is transparent in the visible and infrared and has a support surface adjacent and generally parallel to the emitting surface and a back surface facing generally away from the emitter; a conductive film collector from about 10 to about 3,000 Angstroms in thickness covering the support surface, the distance between the conductive film collector and the emitting surface defining an emitter-collector gap; an enclosure adapted to maintain a controlled atmosphere in the gap; a collector buss positioned a spaced distance away from the back surface of and extending generally parallel to the support; an electrical conductor electrically communicating the conductive film collector with the collector buss; and at least one opaque thermal insulator generally parallel to, positioned between and generally co-extensive with the back surface of the support and the collector buss.
Fitzpatrick, G.O.
Gas permeability measurements for film envelope materials
Method and apparatus for measuring the permeability of polymer film materials such as used in super-insulation powder-filled evacuated panels (PEPs) reduce the time required for testing from several years to weeks or months. The method involves substitution of a solid non-outgassing body having a free volume of between 0% and 25% of its total volume for the usual powder in the PEP to control the free volume of the ``body-filled panel.`` Pressure versus time data for the test piece permit extrapolation to obtain long term performance of the candidate materials. 4 figs.
Ludtka, G.M.; Kollie, T.G.; Watkin, D.C.; Walton, D.G.
Method and apparatus for measuring the permeability of polymer film materials such as used in super-insulation powder-filled evacuated panels (PEPs) reduce the time required for testing from several years to weeks or months. The method involves substitution of a solid non-outgassing body having a free volume of between 0% and 25% of its total volume for the usual powder in the PEP to control the free volume of the "body-filled panel". Pressure versus time data for the test piece permit extrapolation to obtain long term performance of the candidate materials.
Ludtka, Gerard M. (Oak Ridge, TN); Kollie, Thomas G. (Oak Ridge, TN); Watkin, David C. (Clinton, TN); Walton, David G. (Knoxville, TN)
Fast electromigration crack in nanoscale aluminum film
The current-induced breakage of 20?nm thin aluminum layers deposited onto capacitor grade polypropylene (PP) films is experimentally studied. Biexponential current pulses of different amplitude (10�15?A) and duration (0.1�1??s) were applied to the samples. Breakage occurred after fast development of electromigrating ?200?nm-wide cracks with initial propagation velocity of ?1?m/s under a high current density of ?10{sup 12?}A/m{sup 2}. The cracks stopped when their lengths reached 250�450??m. This behavior is explained by the balance of electromigration and stress-induced atomic fluxes.
Emelyanov, O. A., E-mail: email@example.com; Ivanov, I. O. [St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Saint-Petersburg (Russian Federation)
Thin film photovoltaic device with multilayer substrate
A thin film photovoltaic device which utilizes at least one compound semiconductor layer chosen from Groups IIB and VA of the Periodic Table is formed on a multilayer substrate The substrate includes a lowermost support layer on which all of the other layers of the device are formed. Additionally, an uppermost carbide or silicon layer is adjacent to the semiconductor layer. Below the carbide or silicon layer is a metal layer of high conductivity and expansion coefficient equal to or slightly greater than that of the semiconductor layer.
Catalano, Anthony W. (Rushland, PA); Bhushan, Manjul (Wilmington, DE)
Photobiomolecular deposition of metallic particles and films
Skyrmion in a real magnetic film
0 r s e functio classical two-dimensional Heisenberg exchange ferromagnet RAPID COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICAL REVIEW B 1 OCTOBER 1998-IIVOLUME 58, NUMBER 14 Though the n?-field model was inspired by the studies of magnetic films, a more or less... of the homogeneous ferromagnetic state localized in a circle of the radius R . From the dimensionality consideration and from the BP results the Skyrmion energy does not depend on its size and is equal to 4pJumu where m is the degree of map- in continuous...
Abanov, Artem; Pokrovsky, Valery L.
Applied Films Corporation | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300AlgoilEnergy Information the Army Permit:Films Corporation Jump to:
Superhydrophobic Thin Film Coatings - Energy Innovation Portal
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium OxideSuminDeposition of Metal FilmsIndustrialSolar
Center for By-Products Utilization DRAFT REPORT CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION IN CEMENTITIOUS-MILWAUKEE #12;CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION IN CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS Progress Report by Tarun R. Naik, Rakesh of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Technologies
Characterization of polymeric films subjected to lithium ion beam irradiation
Two different polymeric materials that are candidate materials for use as binders for mixed uranium�plutonium oxide nuclear fuel pellets were subjected to Li ion beam irradiation, in order to simulate intense alpha irradiation. The materials (a polyethylene glycol 8000 and a microcrystalline wax) were then analyzed using a combination of mass spectrometry (MS) approaches and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples of the irradiated PEG materials were dissolved in H2O and then analyzed using electrospray ionization-MS, which showed the formation of a series of small oligomers in addition to intact large PEG oligomers. The small oligomers were likely formed by radiation-induced homolytic scissions of the C�O and C�C bonds, which furnish radical intermediates that react by radical recombination with Hradical dot and OHradical dot. Surface analysis using SIMS revealed a heterogeneous surface that contained not only PEG-derived polymers, but also hydrocarbon-based entities that are likely surface contaminants. XPS of the irradiated PEG samples indicated the emergence of different carbon species, with peak shifts suggesting the presence of sp2 carbon atoms. Analysis of the paraffinic film using XPS showed the emergence of oxygen on the surface of the sample, and also a broadening and shifting of the C1s peak, demonstrating a change in the chemistry on the surface. The paraffinic film did not dissolve in either H2O or a H2O�methanol solution, and hence the bulk of the material could not be analyzed using electrospray. However a series of oligomers was leached from the bulk material that produced ion series in the ESI-MS analyses that were identified octylphenyl ethoxylate oligomers. Upon Li ion bombardment, these shifted to a lower average molecular weight, but more importantly showed the emergence of three new ion series that are being formed as a result of radiation damage. Surface analysis of the paraffinic polymers using SIMS produced spectra that were wholly dominated by hydrocarbon ion series, and no difference was observed between unirradiated and irradiated samples. The studies demonstrate that for the PEG-based polymers, direct evidence for radiolytic scission can be observed using ESI-MS, and suggests that both radiolytic pathways and efficiencies as a function of dose should be measurable by calibrating instrument response to the small oligomeric degradation products.
Gary S. Groenewold; W. Roger Cannon; Paul A. Lessing; Recep Avci; Muhammedin Deliorman; Mark Wolfenden; Doug W. Akers; J. Keith Jewell
Development of Commercial Technology for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells on Glass: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-07-209
NREL has conducted basic research relating to high efficiency, low cost, thin film silicon solar cell design and the method of making solar cells. Two patents have been issued to NREL in the above field. In addition, specific process and metrology tools have been developed by NREL. Applied Optical Sciences Corp. (AOS) has expertise in the manufacture of solar cells and has developed its own unique concentrator technology. AOS wants to complement its solar cell expertise and its concentrator technology by manufacturing flat panel thin film silicon solar cell panels. AOS wants to take NREL's research to the next level, using it to develop commercially viable flat pane, thin film silicon solar cell panels. Such a development in equipment, process, and metrology will likely produce the lowest cost solar cell technology for both commercial and residential use. NREL's fundamental research capability and AOS's technology and industrial background are complementary to achieve this product development.
Sopori, B.
Preparation of cuxinygazsen (X=0-2, Y=0-2, Z=0-2, N=0-3) precursor films by electrodeposition for fabricating high efficiency solar cells
Bhattacharya, Raghu N. (Littleton, CO); Contreras, Miguel A. (Golden, CO); Keane, James (Lakewood, CO); Tennant, Andrew L. (Denver, CO); Tuttle, John R. (Denver, CO); Ramanathan, Kannan (Lakewood, CO); Noufi, Rommel (Golden, CO)
Parametric Study of Turbine Blade Internal Cooling and Film Cooling
is used to remove heat from the hot turbine blade. This air flows through passages in the hollow blade (internal cooling), and is also ejected onto the surface of the blade to form an insulating film (film cooling). Modern land-based gas turbine engines...
Rallabandi, Akhilesh P.
Film cooling on a flat plate: investigating density
This study is an investigation of two specific effects on turbine blade film cooling. The effect of coolant to mainstream density ratio and upstream steps was studied. The studies were conducted on two flat plates with 4mm cylindrical film cooling...
Grizzle, Joshua Peter Fletcher
Cognitive science in popular film: the Cognitive Science Movie Index
Cognitive science in popular film: the Cognitive Science Movie Index Benjamin Motz Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington of films depict- ing themes in cognitive science and the potential power of popular cinema for outreach
Indiana University
Stress and Moisture Effects on Thin Film Buckling Delamination
2 GPa compres- sive residual stresses were sputter deposited on top of thin (below 100 nm) copper superlayer with com- pressive residual stress was sputter deposited on top of the films in order to help Mechanics 2006 Abstract Deposition processes control the properties of thin films; they can also introduce
Stressesin a Thin Film 4 2.3 Stresses in a Multilayer: Layer by Layer Deposition and Release from of the Interface a Bilayer under Residual Stress 30 5.2 Delamination of a Bilayer by Layer Cracking Parallel FOR THIN FILMS UNDER RESIDUAL COMPRESSION 36 6.1 Straight-sided Blisters 36 6.2 Circular Blisters 40 6
Hutchinson, John W.
M AERIAUXMAGNETIQUES POUR HYPERFREQUENCES THICK FERRITE FILMS BY CHEMICAL TRANSPORT A. I. BRAGINSKI-Mn ferrite and ferrochrornite films by Chemical Transport Deposi- tion (CTD) [I, 21. This method properties obtained. CTD now appears to be a valuable tool in laboratory preparation of thick ferrite layers
Aerodynamic performance measurements of a film-cooled turbine stage
The goal of this research is to measure the aerodynamic performance of a film-cooled turbine stage and to quantify the loss caused by film-cooling. A secondary goal of the research is to provide a detailed breakdown of the ...
Keogh, Rory (Rory Colm), 1968-
A rotating suspended liquid film as an electric generator
We have observed that a rotating liquid film generates electricity when a large external electric field is applied in the plane of the film. In our experiment suspended liquid film (soap film) is formed on a circular frame positioned horizontally on a rotating motor. This devise is located at the center of two capacitor-like vertical plates to apply external electric field in X-direction.The produced electric energy is piked up by two brushes in Y-direction of the suspended liquid film. We previously reported that a liquid film in an external electric field rotates when an electric current passes through it, naming it the liquid film motor (LFM). In this letter we report that the same system can be used as an electric generator, converting the rotating mechanical energy to an electric energy. The liquid film electric generator (LFEG) is in stark contrast to the LFM, both of which could be designed in very small scales like micro scales applicable in lab on a chip. The device is comparable to commercial DC ele...
Amjadi, Ahmad; Namin, Reza Montazeri
Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO films and their electrochromic characteristics
Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO 3 films and their electrochromic characteristics.1088/0022-3727/43/28/285501 Hydrothermally grown nanostructured WO3 films and their electrochromic characteristics Zhihui Jiao1 , Xiao Wei and their electrochromic characteristics. Plate-like monoclinic WO3 nanostructures were grown directly on fluorine
Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Nanopatterned Metallic Films for Use As Transparent Conductive Electrodes in
Nanopatterned Metallic Films for Use As Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Optoelectronic Devices metallic films as transparent conductive electrodes in optoelectronic devices. We find that the physics electrodes are critical to the operation of optoelectronic devices. Effective elec- trodes need to combine
Fan, Shanhui
CHARACTERIZATION OF URANIUM, URANIUM OXIDE AND SILICON MULTILAYER THIN FILMS by David T. Oliphant. Woolley Dean, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences #12;ABSTRACT CHARACTERIZATION OF URANIUM, URANIUM OXIDE AND SILICON MULTILAYER THIN FILMS David T. Oliphant Department of Physics and Astronomy
Avalanches through windows: Multiscale visualization in magnetic thin films
Avalanches through windows: Multiscale visualization in magnetic thin films Alessandro Magni, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2501 Abstract--The dynamics of domain walls motion in thin films dynamics, but are strongly dependent on the size of the windows chosen. Here we investigate how to properly
Sethna, James P.
New Ways to Find and Watch Films Dr Andrew Salway
of Film [Main source www.wikipedia.org] � 1940's-1960's � Colour films � Television � 1970's � Video; "efficient transmission over error-prone delivery systems" ( digital TV; DVDs) � MPEG-4 (1999): further Days... http://tivo.com/resources/images/tv_tivo_fulldpi.jpg #12;These Days... http
Bradstock, Burton
L-435 PERCOLATION AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN ION-IMPLANTED ALUMINIUM FILMS (*) F. MEUNIER and P of Si and Ge in Al thin films at 8 K produces alloys exhibiting enhanced superconducting transition in the superconducting transition temperature Tc of several such alloys [2], [5], [6] : Josephson tunnelling
Critical fields in ferromagnetic thin films: Identification of four regimes
Critical fields in ferromagnetic thin films: Identification of four regimes Rub�en Cantero�film elements is a paradigm for a multi�scale pattern�forming system. On one hand, there is a material length functional ceases to be positive definite. The degenerate subspace consists of the "unstable modes
Otto, Felix
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS Erbium implanted thin film photonic materials
, phosphosilicate, borosilicate, and soda-lime glasses , ceramic thin films Al2O3, Y2O3, LiNbO3 , and amorphous. Phosphosilicate glass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. Soda-lime silicate glass Er-doped thin film photonic materials is described. It focuses on oxide glasses pure SiO2
Polman, Albert
Chemical analysis of thin films at Sandia National Laboratories
The characterization of thin films produced by chemical and physical vapor deposition requires special analytical techniques. When the average compositions of the films are required, dissolution of the thin films and measurement of the concentrations of the solubilized species is the appropriate analytical approach. In this report techniques for the wet chemical analysis of thin films of Si:Al, P/sub 2/O/sub 5/:SiO/sub 2/, B/sub 2/O/sub 3/:SiO/sub 2/, TiB/sub x/ and TaB/sub x/ are described. The analyses are complicated by the small total quantities of these analytes present in the films, the refractory characters of these analytes, and the possibility of interferences from the substrates on which the films are deposited. Etching conditions are described which dissolve the thin films without introducing interferences from the substrates. A chemical amplification technique and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry are shown to provide the sensitivity required to measure the small total quantities (micrograms to milligrams) of analytes present. Also the chemical analysis data has been used to calibrate normal infrared absorption spectroscopy to give fast estimates of the phosphorus and/or boron dopant levels in thin SiO/sub 2/ films.
Tallant, D.R.; Taylor, E.L.
Combined Honours BA Digital Journalism and Communication, Media, and Film Are you looking in Digital Journalism (DJ) and Communication, Media, and Film (CMF) is for you. That's because our DJ for a career combining your interests in media with a practical skill-set? If so, the Combined Honours program
A survey of thin-film solar photovoltaic industry & technologies
A new type of solar cell technology using so-called thin-film solar photovoltaic material has the potential to make a great impact on our lives. Because it uses very little or no silicon at all, thin- film (TF) solar ...
Grama, Sorin
Growth of superconducting Hg-1212 very-thin films
High quality epitaxial HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta (Hg- High 1212) films with thickness less than 100 nm have been successfully synthesized using cation-exchange process. The films show the superconducting transition up to similar to 118 K which is close...
Wu, Judy; Xie, Y. Y.; Kang, B. W.; Gapud, A. A.; Aytug, T.; Fang, L.
Wave propagation in highly inhomogeneous thin films: exactly solvable models
Wave propagation in highly inhomogeneous thin films: exactly solvable models Guillaume Petite(1 of wave propagation in some inhomogeneous thin films with highly space- dependent dielectric constant will show that depending on the type of space dependence, an incident wave can either propagate or tunnel
Spontaneous phase transitions in magnetic films with a modulated structure
The influence of monoperiodic and biperiodic bias fields on the nucleation of domain structures in quasi-uniaxial magnetic films near the Curie point has been studied experimentally. The main types of observed nonuniform magnetic moment distributions have been established and chains of a devil's staircase phase transitions are shown to be realized when the films are slowly cooled.
Arzamastseva, G. V.; Evtikhov, M. G.; Lisovskii, F. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Mansvetova, E. G. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch (Russian Federation)
Productivity & Energy Flow
1 Productivity & Energy Flow Ecosystem approach, focuses: on flow of energy, water, and nutrients (capture) of energy by autotrophs Gross (total) Net (total costs) Secondary productivity- capture of energy by herbivores http://sciencebitz.com/?page_id=204 What Controls the Primary Productivity
Mitchell, Randall J.
combustion by-products #12;3 generated by using both conventional and clean-coal technologies. A clean-coal that obtained from clean-coal technology, are not utilized in cast-concrete masonry products (bricks, blocksCenter for By-Products Utilization RECENT ADVANCES IN RECYCLING CLEAN- COAL ASH By Tarun R. Naik
Hydrogen Production CODES & STANDARDS
Hydrogen Production DELIVERY FUEL CELLS STORAGE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION CODES & STANDARDS for 2010 · Reduce the cost of distributed production of hydrogen from natural gas and/or liquid fuels to $1 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION / ANALYSES SAFETY EDUCATION RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Economy Pete Devlin #12;Hydrogen
Strangeness Production at COSY
The paper gives an overview of strangeness-production experiments at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY. Results on kaon-pair and phi meson production in pp, pd and dd collisions, hyperon-production experiments and Lambda p final-state interaction studies are presented.
Frank Hinterberger; Hartmut Machner; Regina Siudak
Center for By-Products Utilization USE OF CLEAN-COAL ASH FOR MANAGING ASR By Zichao Wu and Tarun R College of Engineering and Applied Science THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSINMILWAUKEE #12;USE OF CLEAN-COAL ASH combustion by-products (such as clean-coal ash) from power plants. Maximum recycling of such by- products
Center for By-Products Utilization USE OF CLASS F FLY ASH AND CLEAN-COAL ASH BLENDS FOR CAST OF CLASS F FLYASHAND CLEAN-COAL ASHBLENDS FOR CAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS Authors: TarunR.Naik, Director, Center,Illinois Clean Coal Institute RudolphN.Kraus, Research Associate, UWM Center forBy-Products Utilization Shiw S
Product Designation Process
The process for designating products was developed to maximize energy savings within Federal agencies, which are required by law to purchase products designated by the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) or qualified by ENERGY STAR. Products that meet FEMP-designated efficiency requirements are in the upper 25% of their class in energy efficiency.
Covered Product Categories
Federal agencies are required by law to purchase products that are designated by the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP-designated) or qualified by ENERGY STAR. Choose a product category for information about purchasing, installing, and using energy-efficient products.
MECO Production Target Developments
be reoptimized Tungsten target Simulations of design parameters with GEANT3 indicate that both production targetMECO Production Target Developments James L. Popp University of California, Irvine NuFact'03 Columbia, June, 2003 #12;June, 2003J.L.Popp, UCI MECO Production Target 2 MECO Collaboration Institute
McDonald, Kirk
Spectroscopic Analysis of Impurity Precipitates in CdS Films
Impurities in cadmium sulfide (CdS) films are a concern in the fabrication of copper (indium, gallium) diselenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic devices. Devices incorporating chemical-bath-deposited (CBD) CdS are comparable in quality to devices incorporating purer CdS films grown using vacuum deposition techniques, despite the higher impurity concentrations typically observed in the CBD CdS films. In this paper, we summarize and review the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Auger, electron microprobe, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses of the impurities in CBD CdS films. We show that these impurities differ as a function of substrate type and film deposition conditions. We also show that some of these impurities exist as 10{sup 2} micron-scale precipitates.
Webb, J. D.; Keane, J.; Ribelin, R.; Gedvilas, L.; Swartzlander, A.; Ramanathan, K.; Albin, D. S.; Noufi, R.
Parabolic-Dish Solar Concentrators of Film on Foam
Parabolic and spherical mirrors are constructed of aluminized PET polyester film on urethane foam. During construction, the chosen shape of the mirror is created by manipulating the elastic/plastic behavior of the film with air pressure. Foam is then applied to the film and, once hardened, air pressure is removed. At an f-number of 0.68, preliminary models have an optical angular spread of less than 0.25 degrees, a factor of 3.3 smaller than that for a perfectly spherical mirror. The possibility exists for creating large-lightweight mirrors with excellent shape and stiffness. These "film-on-foam" construction techniques may also be applicable to parabolic-trough solar concentrators but do not appear to be suitable for optical imaging applications because of irregularities in the film.
Barton, Sean A
Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules
This paper describes the recent technological advances in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules. Three thin film materials, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}, CIS) and silicon films (Si-films) have made substantial technical progress, both in device and module performance. Early stability results for modules tested outdoors by various groups worldwide are also encouraging. The major global players actively involved in the development of the these technologies are discussed. Technical issues related to these materials are elucidated. Three 20-kW polycrystalline thin-film demonstration photovoltaic (PV) systems are expected to be installed in Davis, CA in 1992 as part of the Photovoltaics for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) project. This is a joint project between the US Department of Energy (DOE), Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), California Energy Commission (CEC), and a utility consortium.
Ullal, H.S.; Stone, J.L.; Zweibel, K.; Surek, T.; Mitchell, R.L.
This paper describes the recent technological advances in polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules. Three thin film materials, namely, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}, CIS) and silicon films (Si-films) have made substantial technical progress, both in device and module performance. Early stability results for modules tested outdoors by various groups worldwide are also encouraging. The major global players actively involved in the development of the these technologies are discussed. Technical issues related to these materials are elucidated. Three 20-kW polycrystalline thin-film demonstration photovoltaic (PV) systems are expected to be installed in Davis, CA in 1992 as part of the Photovoltaics for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) project. This is a joint project between the US Department of Energy (DOE), Pacific Gas and Electric (PG E), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), California Energy Commission (CEC), and a utility consortium.
Method for making surfactant-templated thin films
An evaporation-induced self-assembly method to prepare a porous, surfactant-templated, thin film by mixing a silica sol, a solvent, a surfactant, and an interstitial compound, evaporating a portion of the solvent to form a liquid, crystalline thin film mesophase material, and then removal of the surfactant template. Coating onto a substrate produces a thin film with the interstitial compound either covalently bonded to the internal surfaces of the ordered or disordered mesostructure framework or physically entrapped within the ordered or disordered mesostructured framework. Particles can be formed by aerosol processing or spray drying rather than coating onto a substrate. The selection of the interstitial compound provides a means for developing thin films for applications including membranes, sensors, low dielectric constant films, photonic materials and optical hosts.
Brinker, C. Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Lu, Yunfeng (New Orleans, LA); Fan, Hong You (Albuquerque, NM)
Brinker, C. Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Lu, Yunfeng (San Jose, CA); Fan, Hongyou (Albuquerque, NM)
Processing and characterization of high porosity aerogel films
Aerogels are highly porous solids having unique morphology among materials because both the pores and particles making up the material have sizes less than wavelengths of visible light. Such a unique morphology modifies the normal molecular transport mechanisms within the material, resulting in exceptional thermal, acoustical, mechanical, and electrical properties. For example, aerogels have the lowest measured thermal conductivity and dielectric constant for any solid material. Special methods are required to make aerogel films with high porosity. In this paper, we discuss the special conditions needed to fabricate aerogel films having porosities greater than 75% and we describe methods of processing inorganic aerogel films having controllable thicknesses in the range 0.5 to 200 micrometers. We report methods and results of characterizing the films including thickness, refractive index, density (porosity), and dielectric constant. We also discuss results of metallization and patterning on the aerogel films for applications involving microminiature electronics and thermal detectors.
Hrubesh, L.W.; Poco, J.F.
Equiatomic CoPt thin films with extremely high coercivity
In this paper, magnetic and structural properties of near-equiatomic CoPt thin films, which exhibited a high coercivity in the film-normal direction�suitable for perpendicular magnetic recording media applications�are reported. The films exhibited a larger coercivity of about 6.5 kOe at 8?nm. The coercivity showed a monotonous decrease as the film thickness was increased. The transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the as fabricated CoPt film generally consists of a stack of magnetically hard hexagonal-close-packed phase, followed by stacking faults and face-centred-cubic phase. The thickness dependent magnetic properties are explained on the basis of exchange-coupled composite media. Epitaxial growth on Ru layers is a possible factor leading to the unusual observation of magnetically hard hcp-phase at high concentrations of Pt.
Varghese, Binni; Piramanayagam, S. N., E-mail: email@example.com; Yang, Yi; Kai Wong, Seng; Khume Tan, Hang; Kiat Lee, Wee [Data Storage Institute, (A-STAR) Agency for Science, Technology and Research, DSI Building, 5, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608 (Singapore); Okamoto, Iwao [Western Digital Corporation, Singapore 638552 (Singapore)
Conductive layer for biaxially oriented semiconductor film growth
A conductive layer for biaxially oriented semiconductor film growth and a thin film semiconductor structure such as, for example, a photodetector, a photovoltaic cell, or a light emitting diode (LED) that includes a crystallographically oriented semiconducting film disposed on the conductive layer. The thin film semiconductor structure includes: a substrate; a first electrode deposited on the substrate; and a semiconducting layer epitaxially deposited on the first electrode. The first electrode includes a template layer deposited on the substrate and a buffer layer epitaxially deposited on the template layer. The template layer includes a first metal nitride that is electrically conductive and has a rock salt crystal structure, and the buffer layer includes a second metal nitride that is electrically conductive. The semiconducting layer is epitaxially deposited on the buffer layer. A method of making such a thin film semiconductor structure is also described.
Findikoglu, Alp T. (Los Alamos, NM); Matias, Vladimir (Santa Fe, NM)
Study of nitrogen-rich titanium and zirconium nitride films
Thin titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) films containing excess nitrogen up to 59 and 63 at. % N, respectively, were deposited on austenitic stainless-steel substrates by reactive triode ion plating at about 823 K. The film structure and surface chemistry were studied using x-ray diffraction, scanning Auger spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). In TiN films only the face-centered-cubic mononitride phase was detected. The lattice parameter of the stoichiometric TiN film was larger than the corresponding bulk value and it increased with increasing nitrogen content. The lattice parameter of overstoichiometric ZrN films showed abnormal behavior when calculated from different diffracting planes. This behavior together with the EELS and other measurements indicate that a dielectric Zr/sub 3/N/sub 4/ phase was formed at overstoichiometric compositions.
Ristolainen, E.O.; Molarius, J.M.; Korhonen, A.S.; Lindroos, V.K.
In-situ spectroelectrochemical studies of radionuclide contaminated surface films on metals and the mechanism of their formation and dissolution. 1997 annual progress report
'The incorporation of radioactive contaminants into corrosion product scales on metals is being investigated using in-situ spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. To facilitate the study, stable isotopes are used initially, while the corrosion films are simulated by electrodeposition of the appropriate oxide (hydroxide) onto a graphite substrate. Synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to determine the structure and composition of the host oxide film, as well as the local structure of the impurity ion. Results on the incorporation of Sr and Ce into surface films of Ni(OH){sub 2} and NiOOH are reported. Cathodically deposited Ni(OH){sub 2} was found to be mainly in the {alpha} form while anodically prepared NiOOH consists of Ni{sup +2} and Ni{sup +4} phases. Sr in the films consists mainly of Sr{sup 2+} which appears to be coordinated to oxygen atoms and is likely to exist as small domains of co-precipitated material. Ce in Ni(OH){sub 2} exists mainly as Ce{sup +3} and as a Ce{sup +4} species when co-deposited with NiOOH. The structure of the Ce{sup +4} phase appears similar to a Ce(OH){sub 4} standard. However, x-ray diffraction and laser Raman measurements indicate that the latter chemical formulation is probably incorrect and that the material is more likely to be a disordered hydrous cerium oxide. Ce chemisorbed on Ni(OH){sub 2} and NiOOH films is predominantly in the +3 valency state. Iron oxide films prepared by anodic deposition from borate buffer solution containing Fe{sup +2}, has been found by XAS to consist mainly of {alpha} FeOOH. The latter has been found by others to be the constituent of the corrosion film on iron; this lends credence to the present simulation approach. Future work will involve studies on the incorporation of radioactive Sr, Ce, and Cs, as well as U, into nickel and iron oxide films. Investigations on the structure and composition of chromium oxide films, the effect of temperature on the energetics and mechanism of incorporation of heavy metal ions, as well as the subsequent dissolution of the films by electroreduction and anodic oxidation, will be undertaken.'
Melendres, C.A.; Balasubramanian, M.; Papapanayiotou, D. [Argonne National Lab., IL (US). Chemical Technology Div.; Mini, S. [Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (US). Physics Dept.; Mansour, A.N. [Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, MD (US). Carderock Div.
Picoseconds-Laser Modification of Thin Films
The interaction of a Nd:YAG laser, pulse duration of 40 ps, with a titanium nitride (TiN) and tungsten-titanium (W-Ti) thin films deposited at silicon was studied. The peak intensity on targets was up to 1012 W/cm2. Results have shown that the TiN surface was modified, by the laser beam, with energy density of {>=}0.18 J/cm2 ({lambda}laser= 532 nm) as well as of 30.0 J/cm2 ({lambda}laser= 1064 nm). The W-Ti was surface modified with energy density of 5.0 J/cm2 ({lambda}laser= 532 nm). The energy absorbed from the Nd:YAG laser beam is partially converted to thermal energy, which generates a series of effects such as melting, vaporization of molten materials, dissociation and ionization of the vaporized material, appearance of plasma, etc. The following morphological changes of both targets were observed: (i) The appearance of periodic microstructures, in the central zone of the irradiated area, for laser irradiation at 532 nm. Accumulation of great number of laser pulses caused film ablation and silicon modification. (ii) Hole formation on the titanium nitride/silicon target was registered at 1064 nm. The process of the Nd:YAG laser interaction with both targets was accompanied by plasma formation above the target.
Gakovic, Biljana; Trtica, Milan [Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'VINCA' 522, 11001 Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro); Batani, Dimitri; Desai, Tara; Redaelli, Renato [Dipartimento di Fisica 'G. Occhialini', Universita' degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, Milan 20126 (Italy)
Apparatus for laser assisted thin film deposition
A pulsed laser deposition apparatus uses fiber optics to deliver visible output beams. One or more optical fibers are coupled to one or more laser sources, and delivers visible output beams to a single chamber, to multiple targets in the chamber or to multiple chambers. The laser can run uninterrupted if one of the deposition chambers ceases to operate because other chambers can continue their laser deposition processes. The laser source can be positioned at a remote location relative to the deposition chamber. The use of fiber optics permits multi-plexing. A pulsed visible laser beam is directed at a generally non-perpendicular angle upon the target in the chamber, generating a plume of ions and energetic neutral species. A portion of the plume is deposited on a substrate as a thin film. A pulsed visible output beam with a high pulse repetition frequency is used. The high pulse repetition frequency is greater than 500 Hz, and more preferably, greater than about 1000 Hz. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is one of the thin films produced using the apparatus. 9 figs.
Warner, B.E.; McLean, W. II
A pulsed laser deposition apparatus uses fiber optics to deliver visible output beams. One or more optical fibers are coupled to one or more laser sources, and delivers visible output beams to a single chamber, to multiple targets in the chamber or to multiple chambers. The laser can run uninterrupted if one of the deposition chambers ceases to operate because other chambers can continue their laser deposition processes. The laser source can be positioned at a remote location relative to the deposition chamber. The use of fiber optics permits multi-plexing. A pulsed visible laser beam is directed at a generally non-perpendicular angle upon the target in the chamber, generating a plume of ions and energetic neutral species. A portion of the plume is deposited on a substrate as a thin film. A pulsed visible output beam with a high pulse repetition frequency is used. The high pulse repetition frequency is greater than 500 Hz, and more preferably, greater than about 1000 Hz. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is one of the thin films produced using the apparatus.
Warner, Bruce E. (Pleasanton, CA); McLean, II, William (Oakland, CA)
Rechargeable thin-film lithium batteries
Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. These include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cells with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The realization of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46}and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 5 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Over most of the charge-discharge range, the internal resistance appears to be dominated by the cathode, and the major source of the resistance is the diffusion of Li{sup +} ions from the electrolyte into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined from ac impedance measurements.
Bates, J.B.; Gruzalski, G.R.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.; Yu, X.
Josephson junction in a thin film
The phase difference {phi}(y) for a vortex at a line Josephson junction in a thin film attenuates at large distances as a power law, unlike the case of a bulk junction where it approaches exponentially the constant values at infinities. The field of a Josephson vortex is a superposition of fields of standard Pearl vortices distributed along the junction with the line density {phi}'(y)/2{pi}. We study the integral equation for {phi}(y) and show that the phase is sensitive to the ratio l/{Lambda}, where l={lambda}{sub J}{sup 2}/{lambda}{sub L}, {Lambda}=2{lambda}{sub L}{sup 2}/d, {lambda}{sub L}, and {lambda}{sub J} are the London and Josephson penetration depths, and d is the film thickness. For l<<{Lambda}, the vortex ''core'' of the size l is nearly temperature independent, while the phase ''tail'' scales as l{Lambda}/y{sup 2}={lambda}{sub J}2{lambda}{sub L}/d/y{sup 2}; i.e., it diverges as T{yields}T{sub c}. For l>>{Lambda}, both the core and the tail have nearly the same characteristic length l{Lambda}.
Kogan, V. G.; Dobrovitski, V. V.; Clem, J. R.; Mawatari, Yasunori; Mints, R. G.
Product development practices that matter
Product Development consists of activities to transforms a market opportunity and technological innovation into successful products. Several waves of improvements in technological innovation and product development have ...
Gupta, Nisheeth
Wood Products 201213 Student Handbook
Wood Products 201213 Student Handbook Ecosystem Science and Management College ........................................................................................................................... 2 Wood Products Undergraduate Program ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Careers for Wood Products Majors
Boyer, Elizabeth W.
LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION OF ELECTROCHROMIC THIN FILMS T. J. Richardson and M. D. Rubin
1 LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION OF ELECTROCHROMIC THIN FILMS T. J. Richardson and M. D. Rubin electrochromism with high coloration efficiencies. These nickel oxide films were particularly stable compared, and readily scalable to larger substrates. Keywords: liquid phase deposition; electrochromic films; thin film
Laser Direct Write Patterned Indium Tin Oxide Films for Photomasks and Anisotropic Resist Applications
Laser Direct Write Patterned Indium Tin Oxide Films for Photomasks and Anisotropic Resist bimetallic Sn/In film into a indium tin oxide layer. Sn over In films (15-120nm thick) with a 1:10 thickness mask, etch resist. 1. Introduction The transparent and conductive films like indium tin oxide (ITO
Chapman, Glenn H.
Focused ion beam specimen preparation for electron holography of electrically biased thin film solar cells
, biased TEM specimen, thin film solar cell, FIB Thin films of hydrogenated Si (Si:H) can be used as active for electron holography of a thin film solar cell using conventional lift-out specimen preparation and a homeFocused ion beam specimen preparation for electron holography of electrically biased thin film
Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
DISSERTATION DEVICE PHYSICS OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2 THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS
DISSERTATION DEVICE PHYSICS OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2 THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS Submitted by Markus Gloeckler PHYSICS OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2 THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2 THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS Thin-film solar cells have the potential to be an important
Sites, James R.
Flexible metal film with micro-and nanopatterns transferred by electrochemical deposition
if the film can bend or even can roll up. Generally, the metal film can be produced by electroless deposition film A nickel film ð25 mm �? 30 mm �? 2 mm�? was chosen as master, which was cleaned by acetone, methanol
Bulge testing of single and dual layer thin films Dryver R. Huston*ab
to a thin film window. By comparing the pressure- displacement relation with a mechanical model, the elastic structures, such as the thin film windows that are used in Next Generation Lithography masks and certain MEMS it in a thin film window. Thin film windows are fabricated by removing the thick substrate out from underneath
a conservative "design window" for film detachment. Initial observations of film flow around cy- lindricalAN INVESTIGATION OF THE FLUID DYNAMICS ASPECTS OF THIN LIQUID FILM PROTECTION SCHEMES FOR INERTIAL liquid film wall protection systems have been conducted in support of the ARIES-IFE study. Both
California at San Diego, University of
Electrical and optical properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation
films, which make them more useful than polycrystalline diamond films for many applications. For exampleElectrical and optical properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation K e i n f o Available online 11 March 2010 Keyword: Pulsed laser ablation Diamond-like carbon films
Bristol, University of
Josephson junction in a thin film V. G. Kogan, V. V. Dobrovitski, and J. R. Clem
Josephson junction in a thin film V. G. Kogan, V. V. Dobrovitski, and J. R. Clem Ames Laboratory The phase difference (y) for a vortex at a line Josephson junction in a thin film attenuates at large was normal to the film faces unlike traditional thin-film large- area Josephson junctions in which
Mints, Roman G.
CERN 6 Tesla superconducting persistent dipole/Filming an experiment/Synchrotron radiation from protons
CERN 6 Tesla superconducting persistent dipole/Filming an experiment/Synchrotron radiation from protons
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND DIGITAL MEDIA DEPARTMENT Lecturer Pool: Film and Television Industry The Film and Digital Media Department at the University of California: Master's or doctorate degree in film, digital media, art, television, new media, social documentation
Thin aerogel films for optical, thermal, acoustic, and electronic applications
Aerogels are a special class of continuously porous solid materials which are characterized by nanometer size particles and pores. Typically, aerogels are made using sol-gel chemistry to form a solvent filled, high porosity gel that is dried by removing the solvent without collapsing the tenuous solid phase. As bulk materials, aerogels are known to have many exceptional, and even some unique physical properties. Aerogels provide the highest thermal insulation and lowest dielectric constant of any other material known. However, some important applications require the aerogels in the form of thin films or sheets. For example, electronic applications require micrometer thin aerogel films bonded to a substrate, and others require thicker films, either on a substrate or as free standing sheets. Special methods are required to make aerogel thin films or sheets. In this paper, the authors discuss the special conditions needed to fabricate thin aerogel films and they describe methods to make films and thin sheets. They also give some specific applications for which aerogel films are being developed.
Hrubesh, L.W.; Poco, J.F. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States). Chemistry and Material Sciences Dept.
Process for preparing superconducting film having substantially uniform phase development
A process is disclosed for preparing a superconducting film, such as a thallium-barium-calcium-copper oxide superconducting film, having substantially uniform phase development. The process comprises providing an electrodeposition bath having one or more soluble salts of one or more respective potentially superconducting metals in respective amounts adequate to yield a superconducting film upon subsequent appropriate treatment. Should all of the metals required for producing a superconducting film not be made available in the bath, such metals can be a part of the ambient during a subsequent annealing process. A soluble silver salt in an amount between about 0.1% and about 4.0% by weight of the provided other salts is also provided to the bath, and the bath is electrically energized to thereby form a plated film. The film is annealed in ambient conditions suitable to cause formation of a superconductor film. Doping with silver reduces the temperature at which the liquid phase appears during the annealing step, initiates a liquid phase throughout the entire volume of deposited material, and influences the nucleation and growth of the deposited material. 3 figs.
Bharacharya, R.; Parilla, P.A.; Blaugher, R.D.
Relaxations for Production Planning Problems with Increasing By-products
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Multi-Period Production Capacity Planning for Integrated Product and Production System Design*
Multi-Period Production Capacity Planning for Integrated Product and Production System Design* Emre.ac.uk firstname.lastname@example.com .Abstract � This paper presents a simulation-based method to aid multi-period production capacity planning by quantifying the trade-off between product quality and production cost. The product
Saitou, Kazuhiro "Kazu"
An investigation of magnesium production in silicon by neutron transmutation
the reactor. Thus, the f'lux at a lower power is, to a good approximation decreased from that deter mined at 1 MWt by the ratio of the reactor power to a power of' 1 MWt. Determination of the alpha current incident on the track detector film depends... Science Center Reactor (NSCR), (2) exper i mental determination of the production r ate of magnesium in silicon using a solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) to measur e alpha emission, and (3) comparison oi' the exper imental r esults...
Davis, Freddie Joe
B{sub 4}C thin films for neutron detection
Due to the very limited availability of {sup 3}He, new kinds of neutron detectors, not based on {sup 3}He, are urgently needed. Here, we present a method to produce thin films of {sup 10}B{sub 4}C, with maximized detection efficiency, intended to be part of a new generation of large area neutron detectors. B{sub 4}C thin films have been deposited onto Al-blade and Si wafer substrates by dc magnetron sputtering from {sup nat}B{sub 4}C and {sup 10}B{sub 4}C targets in an Ar discharge, using an industrial deposition system. The films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, x-ray reflectivity, and neutron radiography. We show that the film-substrate adhesion and film purity are improved by increased substrate temperature and deposition rate. A deposition rate of 3.8 A/s and substrate temperature of 400 deg. C result in films with a density close to bulk values and good adhesion to film thickness above 3 {mu}m. Boron-10 contents of almost 80 at. % are obtained in 6.3 m{sup 2} of 1 {mu}m thick {sup 10}B{sub 4}C thin films coated on Al-blades. Initial neutron absorption measurements agree with Monte Carlo simulations and show that the layer thickness, number of layers, neutron wavelength, and amount of impurities are determining factors. The study also shows the importance of having uniform layer thicknesses over large areas, which for a full-scale detector could be in total {approx}1000 m{sup 2} of two-side coated Al-blades with {approx}1 {mu}m thick {sup 10}B{sub 4}C films.
Hoeglund, Carina [European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linkoeping University, SE-581 83 Linkoeping (Sweden); Birch, Jens; Jensen, Jens; Hultman, Lars [Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linkoeping University, SE-581 83 Linkoeping (Sweden); Andersen, Ken; Hall-Wilton, Richard [European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); Bigault, Thierry; Buffet, Jean-Claude; Correa, Jonathan; Esch, Patrick van; Guerard, Bruno; Piscitelli, Francesco [Institute Laue Langevin, Rue Jules Horowitz, FR-380 00 Grenoble (France); Khaplanov, Anton [European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); Institute Laue Langevin, Rue Jules Horowitz, FR-380 00 Grenoble (France); Vettier, Christian [European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, FR-380 43 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Vollenberg, Wilhelmus [Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group (TE/VSC), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)
Influence of target structure on film stress in WTi sputtering
In this report, the effect of sputtering target microstructure on the deposited film stress was investigated. By controlling the metallurgical process, two types of W-10wt%Ti target constituents, namely single-phase and multiple-phase WTi, were prepared. The former one was composed of W-rich ({beta}Ti,W) phase only, the latter one was with W, W-rich ({beta}Ti,W) and Ti-rich ({beta}Ti,W) phases. The stress of the films deposited on 12.7 cm diameter silicon oxide wafers from the single-phase target tends to be more compressive than that from the multiple-phase target. By increasing wafer temperature, the compressive stress was linearly decreased. In addition, the level of film stress was also affected by the film thickness and other sputtering parameters. To understand the causes for the differences in film stress between the multiple-phase and single-phase derived films, an evaluation of the film structure using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and mechanical testing using a nano-indentation instrument were performed. Finer domains with denser laminar structure were observed on the films deposited from the single-phase target. However, no significant difference in mechanical properties was found between these two from the nano-indentation measurements. It is envisioned that the more uniform solid solution between the W and Ti in the films obtained by sputtering the single-phase targets generates a higher compressive stress when deposited on the silicon oxide wafers resulting in a higher compressive stress.
Lo, C.F.; Wang, H.; Gilman, P. [Materials Research Corp., Orangeburg, NY (United States)
Photoconductivity in reactively evaporated copper indium selenide thin films
Copper indium selenide thin films of composition CuInSe{sub 2} with thickness of the order of 130 nm are deposited on glass substrate at a temperature of 423 �5 K and pressure of 10{sup ?5} mbar using reactive evaporation, a variant of Gunther's three temperature method with high purity Copper (99.999%), Indium (99.999%) and Selenium (99.99%) as the elemental starting materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies shows that the films are polycrystalline in nature having preferred orientation of grains along the (112) plane. The structural type of the film is found to be tetragonal with particle size of the order of 32 nm. The structural parameters such as lattice constant, particle size, dislocation density, number of crystallites per unit area and strain in the film are also evaluated. The surface morphology of CuInSe{sub 2} films are studied using 2D and 3D atomic force microscopy to estimate the grain size and surface roughness respectively. Analysis of the absorption spectrum of the film recorded using UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range from 2500 nm to cutoff revealed that the film possess a direct allowed transition with a band gap of 1.05 eV and a high value of absorption coefficient (?) of 10{sup 6} cm{sup ?1} at 570 nm. Photoconductivity at room temperature is measured after illuminating the film with an FSH lamp (82 V, 300 W). Optical absorption studies in conjunction with the good photoconductivity of the prepared p-type CuInSe{sub 2} thin films indicate its suitability in photovoltaic applications.
Urmila, K. S., E-mail: email@example.com; Asokan, T. Namitha, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Pradeep, B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Solid State Physics Laboratory, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala (India); Jacob, Rajani; Philip, Rachel Reena [Thin Film Research Laboratory, Union Christian College, Aluva, Kerala (India)
Rechargeable thin-film electrochemical generator
An improved electrochemical generator is disclosed. The electrochemical generator includes a thin-film electrochemical cell which is maintained in a state of compression through use of an internal or an external pressure apparatus. A thermal conductor, which is connected to at least one of the positive or negative contacts of the cell, conducts current into and out of the cell and also conducts thermal energy between the cell and thermally conductive, electrically resistive material disposed on a vessel wall adjacent the conductor. The thermally conductive, electrically resistive material may include an anodized coating or a thin sheet of a plastic, mineral-based material or conductive polymer material. The thermal conductor is fabricated to include a resilient portion which expands and contracts to maintain mechanical contact between the cell and the thermally conductive material in the presence of relative movement between the cell and the wall structure. The electrochemical generator may be disposed in a hermetically sealed housing.
Rouillard, Roger (Beloeil, CA); Domroese, Michael K. (South St. Paul, MN); Hoffman, Joseph A. (Minneapolis, MN); Lindeman, David D. (Hudson, WI); Noel, Joseph-Robert-Gaetan (St-Hubert, CA); Radewald, Vern E. (Austin, TX); Ranger, Michel (Lachine, CA); Sudano, Anthony (Laval, CA); Trice, Jennifer L. (Eagan, MN); Turgeon, Thomas A. (Fridley, MN)
Disclosed is a thin film heterojunction solar cell, said heterojunction comprising a p-type I-III-IV[sub 2] chalcopyrite substrate and an overlying layer of an n-type ternary mixed metal compound wherein said ternary mixed metal compound is applied to said substrate by introducing the vapor of a first metal compound to a vessel containing said substrate from a first vapor source while simultaneously introducing a vapor of a second metal compound from a second vapor source of said vessel, said first and second metals comprising the metal components of said mixed metal compound; independently controlling the vaporization rate of said first and second vapor sources; reducing the mean free path between vapor particles in said vessel, said gas being present in an amount sufficient to induce homogeneity of said vapor mixture; and depositing said mixed metal compound on said substrate in the form of a uniform composition polycrystalline mixed metal compound. 5 figs.
Mickelsen, R.A.; Chen, W.S.
Rotary seal with improved film distribution
The present invention is a generally circular rotary seal that establishes sealing between relatively rotatable machine components for lubricant retention and environmental exclusion, and incorporates seal geometry that interacts with the lubricant during relative rotation to distribute a lubricant film within the dynamic sealing interface. The features of a variable inlet size, a variable dynamic lip flank slope, and a reduction in the magnitude and circumferentially oriented portion of the lubricant side interfacial contact pressure zone at the narrowest part of the lip, individually or in combination thereof, serve to maximize interfacial lubrication in severe operating conditions, and also serve to minimize lubricant shear area, seal torque, seal volume, and wear, while ensuring retrofitability into the seal grooves of existing equipment.
Dietle, Lannie Laroy; Schroeder, John Erick
Thin Film Femtosecond Laser Damage Competition
In order to determine the current status of thin film laser resistance within the private, academic, and government sectors, a damage competition was started at the 2008 Boulder Damage Symposium. This damage competition allows a direct comparison of the current state of the art of high laser resistance coatings since they are tested using the same damage test setup and the same protocol. In 2009 a high reflector coating was selected at a wavelength of 786 nm at normal incidence at a pulse length of 180 femtoseconds. A double blind test assured sample and submitter anonymity so only a summary of the results are presented here. In addition to the laser resistance results, details of deposition processes, coating materials and layer count, and spectral results will also be shared.
Stolz, C J; Ristau, D; Turowski, M; Blaschke, H
Electrophoretically-deposited solid film lubricants
An aqueous-based process that uses electrophoresis to attract powdered lubricant in suspension to a charged target was developed. The deposition process yields coatings with low friction, complies with environmental safety regulations, requires minimal equipment, and has several advantages over processes involving organic binders or vacuum techniques. This work focuses on development of the deposition process, includes an analysis of the friction coefficient of the material in sliding contact with stainless steel under a range of conditions, and a functional evaluation of coating performance in a precision mechanical device application. Results show that solid lubricant films with friction coefficients as low as 0.03 can be produced. A 0.03 friction coefficient is superior to solid lubricants with binder systems and is comparable to friction coefficients generated with more costly vacuum techniques.
Dugger, M.T.; Panitz, J.K.J.; Vanecek, C.W.
Tortuosity of 4He Films on Aerogel
A torsional oscillator has been used to study the flow of liquid 4He through silica aerogel. The tortuosity and dissipation of the flow in the fractal aerogel environment has been measured, for both capillary condensed films and a fully saturated cell. The scaling of tortuosity as a function of filling fraction has been investigated. We compare the results of our 88%-porous aerogel to a 92%-porous sample where a transverse sound technique was used. Our more sensitive technique has reduced the scatter in both the frequency and dissipation data. Like in the previous transverse sound experiment, we find tortuosity as a function of filling fraction to scale with an exponent of {approx} -1.1. Further experiments are planned, to find the dependence of the exponent on the fractal dimension and porosity of aerogel.
Ashton, C. E.; Golov, A. I. [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Mulders, N. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (United States)
Ablation of film stacks in solar cell fabrication processes
A dielectric film stack of a solar cell is ablated using a laser. The dielectric film stack includes a layer that is absorptive in a wavelength of operation of the laser source. The laser source, which fires laser pulses at a pulse repetition rate, is configured to ablate the film stack to expose an underlying layer of material. The laser source may be configured to fire a burst of two laser pulses or a single temporally asymmetric laser pulse within a single pulse repetition to achieve complete ablation in a single step.
Harley, Gabriel; Kim, Taeseok; Cousins, Peter John
Method for fabricating thin films of pyrolytic carbon
The present invention relates to a method for fabricating ultrathin films of pyrolytic carbon. Pyrolytic carbon is vapor deposited onto a concave surface of a heated substrate to a total uniform thickness in the range of about 0.1 to 1.0 micrometer. The carbon film on the substrate is provided with a layer of adherent polymeric resin. The resulting composite film of pyrolytic carbon and polymeric resin is then easily separated from the substrate by shrinking the 10 polymeric resin coating with thermally induced forces.
Brassell, G.W.; Lewis, J. Jr.; Weber, G.W.
Oriented niobate ferroelectric thin films for electrical and optical devices
Sr.sub.x Ba.sub.1-x Nb.sub.2 O.sub.6, where x is greater than 0.25 and less than 0.75, and KNbO.sub.3 ferroelectric thin films metalorganic chemical vapor deposited on amorphous or cyrstalline substrate surfaces to provide a crystal axis of the film exhibiting a high dielectric susceptibility, electro-optic coefficient, and/or nonlinear optic coefficient oriented preferentially in a direction relative to a crystalline or amorphous substrate surface. Such films can be used in electronic, electro-optic, and frequency doubling components.
Wessels, Bruce W. (Wilmette, IL); Nystrom, Michael J. (Chicago, IL)
Control of magnetization reversal in oriented strontium ferrite thin films
Oriented Strontium Ferrite films with the c axis orientation were deposited with varying oxygen partial pressure on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001) substrate using Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The angle dependent magnetic hysteresis, remanent coercivity, and temperature dependent coercivity had been employed to understand the magnetization reversal of these films. It was found that the Strontium Ferrite thin film grown at lower (higher) oxygen partial pressure shows Stoner-Wohlfarth type (Kondorsky like) reversal. The relative importance of pinning and nucleation processes during magnetization reversal is used to explain the type of the magnetization reversal with different oxygen partial pressure during growth.
Roy, Debangsu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Anil Kumar, P. S. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India)
Smooth diamond films as low friction, long wear surfaces
An article and method of manufacture of a nanocrystalline diamond film. The nanocrystalline film is prepared by forming a carbonaceous vapor, providing an inert gas containing gas stream and combining the gas stream with the carbonaceous containing vapor. A plasma of the combined vapor and gas stream is formed in a chamber and fragmented carbon species are deposited onto a substrate to form the nanocrystalline diamond film having a root mean square flatness of about 50 nm deviation from flatness in the as deposited state.
Gruen, Dieter M. (Downers Grove, IL); Krauss, Alan R. (Naperville, IL); Erdemir, Ali (Naperville, IL); Bindal, Cuma (Woodridge, IL); Zuiker, Christopher D. (LaGrange, IL)
Microstructure of electrodeposited Cu-Ni binary alloy films
The codeposition of Cu and Ni in the electrodeposition method without a complexing agent is difficult, since the standard electrode potentials of Cu and Ni differ by approximately 600 mV. In this study, the electrodeposited Cu-Ni alloy films with various compositions were obtained using glycine as the complexing agent. Consequently, composition of the deposited Cu-Ni alloy films can be controlled by bath composition and pH, and the crystallographic structure of all the deposited Cu-Ni alloy films consists of a single solid solution and is not influenced by pH.
Mizushima, Io; Chikazawa, Masatoshi; Watanabe, Tohru [Tokyo Metropolitan Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry
Electrodeposition of nickel oxyhydroxide films through polymer masks
Electrochromic materials have attracted much attention for devices including ``smart windows`` and displays. Nickel oxyhydroxide films were electrodeposited through gelatin masks, whose thicknesses may control the optical transmittances of the deposited electrochromic films. The difference of transmittance, {Delta}T{sub 540}, between bleaching and coloration states at wavelength of 540 nm has a linear relationship with the gelatin mask thickness. {Delta}T{sub 540} increased if nickel oxyhydroxide was prepared in agitated electrolyte. The electrodeposited films, prepared with gelatin masks, may have higher stability. These results showed the feasibility of fabricating an electrochromic device with a controlled image whose contrast and brightness are adjustable with potential or current.
Yang, M.C.; Lin, C.K.; Su, C.L. [National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Superconductor films with improved flux pinning and reduced AC losses
The present invention relates to a method for producing a defect-containing superconducting film, the method comprising (a) depositing a phase-separable layer epitaxially onto a biaxially-textured substrate, wherein the phase-separable layer includes at least two phase-separable components; (b) achieving nanoscale phase separation of the phase-separable layer such that a phase-separated layer including at least two phase-separated components is produced; and (c) depositing a superconducting film epitaxially onto said phase-separated components of the phase-separated layer such that nanoscale features of the phase-separated layer are propagated into the superconducting film.
Goyal, Amit (Knoxville, TN)
Superconductivity in Metal-mixed Ion-Implanted Polymer Films
Ion-implantation of normally insulating polymers offers an alternative to depositing conjugated organics onto plastic films to make electronic circuits. We used a 50 keV nitrogen ion beam to mix a thin 10 nm Sn/Sb alloy film into the sub-surface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and report the low temperature properties of this material. We observed metallic behavior, and the onset of superconductivity below 3 K. There are strong indications that the superconductivity does not result from a residual thin-film of alloy, but instead from a network of alloy grains coupled via a weakly conducting, ion-beam carbonized polymer matrix.
A. P. Micolich; E. Tavenner; B. J. Powell; A. R. Hamilton; M. T. Curry; R. E. Giedd; P. Meredith
High-frequency nonreciprocal reflection from magnetic films with overlayers
We perform a theoretical study of the nonreciprocal reflection of high-frequency microwave radiation from ferromagnetic films with thin overlayers. Reflection from metallic ferromagnetic films is always near unity and shows no nonreciprocity. In contrast, reflection from a structure which has a dielectric overlayer on top of a film composed of insulated ferromagnetic nanoparticles or nanostructures can show significant nonreciprocity in the 75�80?GHz frequency range, a very high value. This can be important for devices such as isolators or circulators.
Wang, Ying; Nie, Yan; Camley, R. E. [Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918 (United States)
Strong circular photogalvanic effect in ZnO epitaxial films
A strong circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) in ZnO epitaxial films was reported under interband excitation. It was observed that CPGE current is as large as 100 nA/W in ZnO, which is about one order in magnitude higher than that in InN film while the CPGE currents in GaN films are not detectable. The possible reasons for the above observations are the strong spin orbit coupling in ZnO or the inversed valence band structure of ZnO.
Zhang, Q.; Wang, X. Q.; Yin, C. M.; Shen, B. [State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Chen, Y. H.; Chang, K. [Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Beijing 100083 (China); Ge, W. K. [Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100871 (China)
Photochemistry of Matrix-Isolated and Thin Film Acid Chlorides: Quantum Yields and Product Structures
the differences between gas- and condensed-phase photochemistry strengthens our understanding of many, and well-known gas-phase reaction mechanisms are often modified in the condensed phase or completely the photoreaction of condensed acid chloride samples by comparison of reaction quantum yields for acetyl (CH3COCl
Ellison, Barney
Monte Carlo simulations of energetic proton beam irradiation damage defect productions in YBCO thin films
of Electronics, Computing and Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK b SILVACO International
Production of clathrate thin films by rapid quenching of the melt
and in cooling. Key words: Intermetallic clathrates rapid quenching thermoelectricity energy conversion B a c are the topic of intense research. They can be used in thermoelectric modules both for power generation k g r o u n d Due to their high potential for thermoelectric applications intermetallic clathrates
Szmolyan, Peter
Inexpensive Production of High Density Thin Ceramic Films on Rigid or
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun withconfinementEtching.348ASSEMBLY [ICO]Industry Group LearnsINERTIAL
Magnetic thin films formed in a glow discharge. Final report
Since this project is a continuation of a cooperative effort between UMR and General Motor Research Laboratories (GMR), it seemed fitting to provide some background information which was instrumental in the evolution of this program. A family of filled epoxies that can be cast-to-size into sheet metal stamping dies has been developed by GMR. Advantages of this material over commercial plastic tooling materials are a fast curing rate, high strength, and negligible volume shrinkage after curing. Superior Tooling And Molding Plastic (STAMP) tooling dies are considerably cheaper and faster to make than steel tooling dies; therefore, they are currently used for prototype applications throughout General Motors. With improvement of wear resistance, STAMP dies can be used for limited production applications involving 10,000 or 20,000 parts. GMR proposed to provide a thin (< 25 {micro}m) wear surface for the cast-to-size STAMP die to extend its wear performance. The objective of the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) research effort is to technically evaluate methodologies to coat STAMP material to appreciably improve wear resistance. This does not necessarily mean that various types of coatings will be developed and evaluated. Rather, the primary responsibility is to characterize the nature of the STAMP material and design engineered films which will lead to an optimized system. An example of this was the finding that a thin polymer layer existed on the surface of an as-cast STAMP die necessitating removal if satisfactory adherence and toughness were to be attained. The next important finding involved the influence of particle size on wear. The theme of the research approach was maintained throughout the course of the project, with improvements being made as the causes of failure were determined and appropriate corrections or improvements were made.
O`Keefe, T.J.; James, W.J.
LENNOX HEARTH PRODUCTS April 1, 2011 Mr. Daniel Cohen U.S. Department of Energy Assistant General Council for Legislation, Regulation and Energy Efficiency Office of the General...
Furfuryl alcohol cellular product
Self-extinguishing rigid foam products are formed by polymerization of furfuryl alcohol in the presence of a lightweight, particulate, filler, zinc chloride and selected catalysts.
Sugama, T.; Kukacka, L.E.
Sustainable hydrogen production
This report describes the Sustainable Hydrogen Production research conducted at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) for the past year. The report presents the work done on the following four tasks: Task 1--production of hydrogen by photovoltaic-powered electrolysis; Task 2--solar photocatalytic hydrogen production from water using a dual-bed photosystem; Task 3--development of solid electrolytes for water electrolysis at intermediate temperatures; and Task 4--production of hydrogen by thermocatalytic cracking of natural gas. For each task, this report presents a summary, introduction/description of project, and results.
Block, D.L.; Linkous, C.; Muradov, N.
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