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Updated: 03/16/2013 - A teenage girl who says she was raped by two Ohio high school football players testified Saturday that she could not recall what happened the night of the alleged attack.
Updated: 03/16/2013 - A teenage girl who says she was raped by two Ohio high school football players testified Saturday that she could not recall what happened the night of the alleged attack.
Posted: 03/16/2013 - Channeling Margaret Thatcher and wielding a 7-Eleven Big Gulp, former Alaska governor and 2008 vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin delivered a 26-minute soliloquy on the state of American politics.
Updated: 03/16/2013 - The pregnant coach of Seton Hill University women's lacrosse team was among two people killed Saturday when the bus they were on veered off the highway and crashed into a tree in southern Pennsylvania, authorities said.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - A Maryland man who received a tainted organ in 2011 died last month. Officials determined the organ donor had rabies. Three other people in Florida, Georgia and Illinois are receiving anti-rabies shots.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - A 6-year-old boy and two others fall into waters in a Sioux Falls park. The boy is rescued, but the two others -- one of them his sister -- aren't. Authorities find the sister's body Friday; they're still looking for the man. "Everybody here is essentially eyes on the water," a fire chief says of the search.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - While acknowledging a medical issue, members of Lil Wayne's camp shot down reports that he was near death.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - Citing a "series of irresponsible and reckless provocations" by Pyongyang, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said he is determined to ensure protection of the U.S. homeland and stay ahead of the North Korean missile threat.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - 2012 GOP nominee Mitt Romney, in his first public speech since losing November's election to President Obama, told the audience that, "my mistakes" aside, "I utterly reject pessimism."
Updated: 03/15/2013 - Trading Friday was tentative because investors feared that rising inflation could cause the Federal Reserve to retreat from policies aimed at boosting markets.
Updated: 03/15/2013 - An Argentine woman who grew up as the neighbor of the future Pope Francis says she was very briefly the object of his affections.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - A small plane crashed into a parking lot near a South Florida airport, killing all three people on board and burning about a dozen cars.
Updated: 03/15/2013 - The United States will deploy additional ground-based missile interceptors on the West Coast.
Updated: 03/15/2013 - Fort Lauderdale Mayor Jack Seiler told WTVJ-TV that at least person died in the Friday afternoon crash of a Piper Navajo. The plane is a two-engine turboprop.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - More evidence suggests a "functional cure" of HIV is possible if the disease is treated early.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - Carnival Cruise Lines says two more of its ships had mechanical problems Thursday.
Posted: 03/15/2013 - Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, a co-sponsor of the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), now supports same-sex marriage, he announced late last night.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - Prosecutors said Debra Jean Milke dressed up her son Christopher in his favorite outfit and told him he was going to see Santa Claus at a mall during the holidays. Instead, he was shot and killed.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - Michael Duran was 11 years old when he was sexually abused by Father Michael Baker, a man accused of molesting 23 boys during his 30 years as a priest.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - The Dow Jones industrial average has closed above its previous high, also reached on that same date more than five years ago, for eight straight days.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - Samsung's president and head of communications highlighted the top features of the Galaxy S IV smartphone device.
Updated: 03/14/2013 - Stocks flirted with a new all-time high Thursday, as the S&P 500 closed just shy of its record.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - Pope Francis began his first morning as pontiff by praying Thursday at Rome's main basilica dedicated to the Virgin Mary, a day after cardinals elected him the first pope from the Americas in a bid to revive a Catholic Church in crisis and give it a preacher with a humble touch.
Posted: 03/14/2013 - A month after a fire crippled a Carnival ship in the Gulf of Mexico, another one of the cruise line's vessels may be experiencing its own problems.
Updated: 03/13/2013 - The mostly Latino congregation at Our Lady Of Guadalupe is excited that the new pope, Francis, is a Latino too.
Posted: 03/13/2013 - Cynthia Wachenheim was found on the street with her son, 10-month-old Keston, near her arms. A police officer who responded took the baby to a hospital, where he was listed in critical but stable condition.


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Category Archives: next generation sequencing
The evolution of phylogeography in the next gen era: 20 years in review
Phylogeographers have long known about the limitations of single locus studies (ie, the effects of selective sweeps, stochasticity in lineage sorting among loci) and that adding loci improves the accuracy of demographic parameter estimates. As we continue to shift towards collecting multi-locus datasets thanks to high throughput … Continue reading
Genomic diversity and secondary contact
Under a divergence, or isolation model, the genomes of individuals in a daughter-population are expected to harbor greater differentiation relative to its sister-population, and lower differentiation within the population (after sufficient time since divergence). Divergence thus is a mechanism of … Continue reading
Another lesson in genomics experimental design and avoiding batch effects
Twitter has been abuzz with Orna Man and Yoav Gilad's (re)analysis of the data from a recent PNAS paper: "Comparison of the transcriptional landscapes between human and mouse tissues". The PNAS paper concluded that the gene expression profiles of different … Continue reading
Posted in bioinformatics, genomics, next generation sequencing, RNAseq Tagged batch effects, experimental design, retraction 2 Comments
A mammoth bottleneck prior to extinction
Here's to back-to-back posts on extinct mammalian genomes! Woolly mammoth genomes are all the rage. How do I know? Just check out the new book, pre-print, and paper that were recently published.
Posted in conservation, genomics, next generation sequencing, Paleogenomics, population genetics Tagged ancient DNA, mammoths, PSMC Leave a comment
The gopher tortoise gut microbiome
A few weeks ago I wrote about a study on socially structured gut microbiomes in wild baboons. Well, now I'm here to tell you about a new study that examined the population structure of tortoise gut microbiomes.
Gorillas (genomes) in the mist
Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies that number around 800 individuals, inhabiting mountain ranges in central Africa. They have been the subject of numerous field studies, but few genetic analyses have been carried out. Xue et al. (2015) sequenced … Continue reading
Posted in bioinformatics, conservation, evolution, genomics, natural history, next generation sequencing, primates Tagged conservation, genomics, gorillas, inbreeding Leave a comment
A transcriptomic approach for reduced representation in population genomics
Many population genomics studies use methods that provide a reduced representation of the genome, for example RADseq or UCEs. Targeting a subset of the genome reduces the cost of sequencing … Continue reading
To sequence a genome or not to sequence a genome, that is the question
In a paper out last month in the Journal of Phycology, Bhattacharya et al. (2015) provide a perspective on the need for more algal genomes. [A] relevant question on the minds of many phycologists might be: do we really need more algal … Continue reading
Speciation by selection (and drift) in the sea
Marine systems challenge the view that speciation is the result of geographic isolation. Many marine taxa have large effective population sizes, which slows lineage sorting, larval dispersal phases that may extend for days, weeks, and sometimes months, potentially connecting far flung populations, … Continue reading
Posted in genomics, next generation sequencing, selection, speciation Leave a comment
sedaDNA sleuths: embracing your inner Sherlock
Awhile back fellow TME contributor Rob Denton posted about a recent review on environmental DNA by Pedersen et al. (2015). Environmental DNA (eDNA) is obtained from samples such as sediments, ice or water and can provide scientific sleuths with tantalizing clues about past … Continue reading
Posted in bioinformatics, domestication, genomics, natural history, next generation sequencing, Paleogenomics Tagged ancient DNA, eDNA, genomics, sedaDNA 1 Comment

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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
NASS 2010 Streetboard World Big Air Championships
A Other video by colinhoran - 6,741 views
Footage from the 201 Streetboard Big Air World Championships held on the Goliath ramp at NASS 2010.
Riders include:
Gabi Munoz, Spain
Thomas Keinle, Germany
Sergi Nicolas, Spain
Max Anderson, UK
Tanred Leca, France
Josh Newman, UK
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Class Notes
Class Notes | Obituaries
Submit a Class Note or Obituary »
Showing class notes submitted in the last year
Christopher G. Rudy J.D. '89 has been appointed to serve on the Santa Clara County Superior Court by Gov. Jerry Brown '59. Rudy, a 53-year-old Boulder Creek resident and a Democrat, has been a partner at Stenberg Sunseri Roe Pickard and Rudy since 1994.
Brad Mattson MBA '89 has just published The Solar Phoenix: How America Can Rise from the Ashes of Solyndra to World Leadership in Solar 2.0. The book explains why solar is fundamental to the world's energy future, and how the industry has passed a cost tipping point. It provides a set of detailed road maps of how, when, and where the solar energy revolution will take place. And it challenges the United States to take its rightful place as the world's solar superpower.
Scott Evan Guggenheim '89 is the executive director of the California Academy for the Creative Performing Arts. For the fifth summer in a row, he has hosted The Scene, a musical theater summer camp for kids held at Santa Clara University. "Our intention is to provide students with the opportunity to grow as artists and human beings," Guggenheim says.
Colette Rausch J.D. '90 is the author of a recently published book, Speaking Their Peace: Personal Stories from the Frontlines of War and Peace. With a foreword from the Dalai Lama, Speaking Their Peace contains 80 interviews from 11 countries and gives a voice to people who have not been heard before, people silenced by the trauma of conflict, gagged by fear and conformity, or muted by the world's indifference. See: Speakingtheirpeace.org. Rausch has worked for 20 years to build the justice, security, and the rule of law in countries emerging from conflicts. She is currently the vice president for Governance, Law & Society at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington, D.C.
Kathleen O'Brien, RSM, M.A. '90 recently published two books on the history of the Sisters of Mercy in the western U.S. Our Journey Together: Sisters of Mercy of Omaha 1929-1959 and Home Is Our Journey, Sisters of Mercy of Omaha 1960-2008, published privately by the Sisters of Mercy, West Midwest Community.
Tina (Johnson) Murray '90, MBA '97 lives in Los Gatos with her husband, Kirk, and her 13-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son. Tina continues fundraising for her daughter's local public school, and recently joined the board of directors of the Skylar Hadden Foundation to ensure program funding for her son's school program for children with Asperger's and ADHD. Tina is also serving on the Grand Reunion Committee for her class of 1990.
Eric Monsef '90, M.S. '96 led the group responsible for bringing to market HP Sprout, which was awarded Best Desktop PC at the 2015 Consumer Electronics Show, by PC Mag. The HP Sprout is an immersive workstation that combines a fully loaded TouchSmart all-in-one PC with a combination projector and scanner, plus cameras. Monsef is an engineering management adjunct professor and VP of Immersive Systems at HP.
In March 2015, Jin Li (Teo) Frick '90 will say 'goodbye' to San Diego and will be relocating to Shanghai with her husband, Jeff, and son, Jaeden. Jin Li lived in Shanghai in 1994, moving there shortly after graduating from SCU in 1990. She returned from China in 2000, but is moving back again 15-years later in support of her husband's new role as General Manager for HAVAS Life China, a global advertising agency. Jin Li will continue to develop her business, Thrive Energy Coaching & Consulting, from China while their 4-year old son begins kindergarten at Tiny Tots International Preschool and Kindergarten in the Fall.
www.thriveenergycoaching.com www.linkedin/in/jinlifrick/ www.facebook.com/thriveenergycoaching
Ellen Arabian-Lee '87, J.D. '90 opened Arabian-Lee Law Corporation in Roseville, California, in April 2014.
Nancy Ureña Reid '91 is the only Latina AP computer science teacher in the 42-school, 3,000-employee San Jose Unified School District. She worked in the technology industry years ago on both coasts at a time when it was rare for a female to work in technology, especially a Latina engineer. Nancy's goal is to close the digital divide for women, Latinos, and African Americans, groups that are under-represented in the technology force. She got involved with Microsoft's Technology Education and Literacy in Schools (TEALS) program to develop technology skills that can lead to life-changing advances for many young people. She learned how to teach coding at the high school level and helped introduce a self-sustaining computer science program at Lincoln High School, where she teaches.
Kristi Nevarez '91, J.D. '96 has been named a Partner at Fragomen Worldwide, which is recognized as the world's leading global corporate immigration services provider. For over 17 years, she has advised clients in matters of corporate business immigration. She has also served as the Congressional Assistant and Immigration Policy Advisor to Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA), Ranking Member of the House Immigration Subcommittee.
Dean Birge MBA '91 was hired as controller of Mission City Federal Credit Union in Santa Clara.
Richard Weber '92 was recently interviewed in The Californian for his role at Whitson Engineers, where he is an owner and principal partner. A general civil engineering and land survey firm that dates back to the late 1970s, the company has projects in Monterey, Santa Cruz, and San Benito Counties. It is also beginning projects in Southern California. Weber joined Whitson Engineers in 1993.
Tina Stafford '92 has been performing with the First National tour of the Broadway Musical Once for over a year. She hopes all Broncos will have the chance to come see it.
Patrick T. Miyaki J.D. '92 writes, "I have been appointed the section leader of the Hanson Bridgett Government Section. I also was chosen to be the Alumnus of the Year by the political science department of San Francisco State University."
Respected intellectual property attorney Alexandra J. Horne J.D. '92 has joined Hoge Fenton, a leading Northern California law firm. Practicing together most recently at the firm of Lewis Roca Rothgerber, Brody-Brown and Horne have expertise in the areas of trademark counseling and prosecution, including portfolio analysis and strategic counseling, domestic and global registration and enforcement, domain name issues, and licensing. They will be based primarily in the firm's Silicon Valley office.
Horne, an IP practitioner of more than 20 years, counsels clients on domestic and foreign trademark registration and licensing and enforcement, including opposition and cancellation proceedings in the USPTO. Horne's clients, which range from startup to well-established, come from a diversity of industries, including semiconductor, software and other technology, mobility, Internet, banking, entertainment, education and wine.
Photographer Dan Dion '92 just published his second book, Tuesday Tucks Me In: The Loyal Bond Between a Soldier and His Service Dog (Roaring Brooke Press, 2014). A children's book told from the point of view of a service dog, it features a day in the life of co-author and disabled veteran Luis Carlos Montalvan in New York City.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/dandion http://www.dandion.com https://www.facebook.com/dan.dion http://us.macmillan.com/tuesdaytucksmein/LuisMontalván
SCU religious studies and pastoral ministries professor Paul Crowley, S.J., STL '92 has been appointed editor of the journal Theological Studies by its board of directors.
Bennett Cloud '92 sold his company in 2013 after 16 years and has been enjoying his career and passion as a financial advisor with Mass Mutual in Dallas, Texas.
Simon Chiu '92 was named president of Saint Francis High School, in Mountain View.
Twitter @simonchiu
David Wiesner '89, MBA '93 has joined Edgewood Partners Insurance Center as managing principle and regional director in its Employee Benefits Consulting Division. EPIC is a retail property, casualty insurance brokerage and employee benefits consultant. Wiesner brings 25 years of experience in strategic market planning, sales organizational leadership, new product/service development and health and welfare plan consulting to the firm.
As regional director, Wiesner will focus on growing EPIC's employee benefits consulting business in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, recruiting and adding producer/consultants and specialty service teams, and fully integrating EPIC's national Employee Services Platform into local client offerings. Wiesner will be based in San Francisco and will report locally to John Connell , EPIC's President, Employee Benefits of California.
Chris Turner '93 currently oversees Discovery Communications' original internet networks and lives in San Francisco. He and wife Lisa welcomed a baby girl, Thea Lucia Turner, on June 15, 2014. She joins brother Casey (2).
@crztrnr www.facebook.com/iamchristurner www.linkedin.com/pub/chris-turner/2/683/943/


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Original recipe yields 24 servings
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Ready In
YUM!!!!! I only had puff pastry squares, so mine were not as big as they should've been, and that may als be why mine opened up...No matter, they were still delicous. Will def make these again! ...
Exactly the recipe I was looking for. These are my favorite cookie, but I never could get the taste as the ones from the local bakery. My batch of cookies did not puff up like your picture (I ...
So simple, but so delicious! Thanks for sharing!Will be a go to, when I have surprise guests!


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Budget Crisis: Across-the-Board Cuts Imminent
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It would appear the decay that began at West Point's Combating Terrorism Center has become systemic within DoD and the Military: intelligence briefings are warning soldiers of the threat posed by Evangelical Christians and Tea Party members.
Too far-fetched to believe?
In my March 2013 article, Expert at West Point Think Tank Warns of the "Violent Far-Right," I noted:
West Point created the Combating Terrorism Center after the events of 9/11, in an effort to prepare cadets for the new and dangerous environment of suicidal enemies and thwart future attacks.
However, Dr. Arie Perliger, one of the Center's experts, published a study in November titled Challengers from the Sidelines: Understanding America's Violent Far-Right. There is something tremendously unsettling about seeing the words "America's Violent Far-Right" in the title
Dr. Perliger paints those who wish to "restore or preserve values and practices" of our national heritage (could he possibly mean The Constitution?) as extreme and violent.
But this skewed reasoning and tainted theory has metastasized and is now informing the pre-deployment briefings of troops.
FoxNews.com's Todd Starnes writes:
Soldiers attending a pre-deployment briefing at Fort Hood say they were told that evangelical Christians and members of the Tea Party were a threat to the nation and that any soldier donating to those groups would be subjected to punishment under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
A soldier who attended the Oct. 17th briefing told me the counter-intelligence agent in charge of the meeting spent nearly a half hour discussing how evangelical Christians and groups like the American Family Association were "tearing the country apart."
Michael Berry, an attorney with the Liberty Institute, is advising the soldier and has launched an investigation into the incident.
"The American public should be outraged that the U.S. Army is teaching our troops that evangelical Christians and Tea Party members are enemies of America, and that they can be punished for supporting or participating in those groups," said Berry, a former Marine Corps JAG officer.
Thus, those brave Troops, tasked with defending our Constitution against all enemies foreign and domestic, are instructed that among those enemies are Christians. The irony of such abhorrent non-sense being taught at Ft. Hood, the site of a deadly Islamist Terrorist attack, is incomprehensible.
Week by week it is becoming ever more clear that something very sinister is stealthily invading, not just our government, but also the Department of Defense.
Remember, the US Army mission is "to fight and win our Nation's wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders."
I suggest patriots across America re-examine who exactly those combatant commanders are, and what world-view informs those commanders' operational tactics.
Be ever vigilant for Socialist wolves in sheep's clothing, and demand consequences for any who do not name America's true enemies: Islamist terrorists, NOT Evangelical Christians or Tea Party activists.
Expert at West Point Think Tank Warns of the "Violent Far-Right"
Military Religious Freedom Foundation Wants Air Force Chaplain Gagged
Banning the Christian God from the Military
Obama Tells Chaplains No Praying During Gov't Shutdown
It's FINALLY HERE!
Kevin Jackson's hilarious take on Race-Pimping: The Multi-Trillion Dollar Business of Liberalism!
Enjoy this excerpt from the book:
"In actuality, black people will go to substandard hospitals, wait in long lines behind illegal immigrants, and be treated like non-citizens, as there simply won't be enough healthcare to go around. There will be the occasional lucky few who will receive treatment, and we will parade them around like championship rings, thus continuing the ruse. As you can see, we've left out nothing. We touch more on this in Chapter 10: Promise Everything, Deliver Nothing. If for some reason we happen to run out of blacks, we will be able to apply our trade to the Mexicans with little disruptions. Plans are already underway for our next edition in this "How To" series: How to be a Latino "Race Pimp for Fun and Profit…even if you're Illegal."


text: Food science guy Alton Brown says the last thing you want to see is flames touching food on the grill. iStockphoto.com hide caption itoggle caption iStockphoto.com The Salt Clean Your Grill, And Other Hot Holiday Tips From Food Network's Alton Brown May 26, 2012 If there's one grilling tip to remember this Memorial Day weekend, it should be this: Flame is bad. Whether you're barbecuing OR grilling, a meat-eater or a vegetarian, here's how to keep your flavor from going up in smoke. Listen Loading… Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/153718482/153762092" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.
Egyptian blogger's visit to Israel draws criticism from compatriots
Maikel Nabil Sanad, honored at the Hebrew University, calls Egyptian government dictatorship and praises Israeli democracy; his critics claim event is 'cynical exploitation of the revolution.'
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The visit to Israel by Egyptian blogger and political activist Maikel Nabil Sanad has drawn reactions ranging from a cool reception to outright condemnation at home.
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A plastic adaptor top for adapting to a chosen syringe a standard cartridge of the kind having a neck with a flange and being closed by a rubber membrane sealingly secured against the flange by a metal cover having its edge beaded behind the flange. This plastic top has a bore for receiving the neck part of the cartridge, which bore has a diameter making it fit over the metal cover and is provided with protrusions gripping behind the edge of the metal cover when the neck part is inserted in the bore. The outer contour of the adaptor top is provided with threads coaxial with the bore to receive a needle hub in a way causing the needle to penetrate the membrane of the cartridge when the hub is mounted on the thread of the plastic top.
1. A plastic adaptor top for mounting on a standard cartridge of the kind having a neck part with a flange and being closed by a rubber membrane sealingly secured against the flange by a metal cover having its edge beaded behind the flange, said adaptor top comprising: an axially extending bore (2) having a diameter conforming to the diameter of the metal cover of such standard cartridge and having at least one radially inwardly extending protrusion, the top being made of plastic material which may be deformed to allow the said at least one protrusion to be pressed radially outwardly when the neck part of a cartridge is pressed into the bore (2), to pass over the metal cover of such standard cartridge, and wherein said at least one protrusion is positioned axially within said bore so as to grip behind the beaded edge of such metal cover, after such metal cover is pressed into said bore to secure said adaptor top to the metal cover, and wherein said adaptor top has an outer contour suitable to be received in and engage an interior portion of a syringe for positioning such standard cartridge therewithin, said adaptor top thereby being suitable to make a standard cartridge usable in a syringe which it otherwise would not fit.
2. The adaptor top according to claim 1, further comprising a thread (5, 18) coaxial with the bore (2) which thread is provided as an outer thread on the outer contour of the plastic top.
3. A plastic adaptor top for mounting on a standard cartridge of the kind having a neck part with a flange and being closed by a rubber membrane sealingly secured against the flange by a metal cover having its edge beaded behind the flange, said adaptor top comprising: an axially extending bore (2) having a diameter conforming to the diameter of the metal cover of such standard cartridge, wherein said adaptor top has an outer contour suitable to be received in and engage an interior portion of a syringe for positioning such standard cartridge therewithin, said adaptor top thereby being suitable to make a standard cartridge usable in a syringe which it otherwise would not fit, wherein said outer contour comprises interlocking means for interlocking engagement with corresponding means in a syringe to prevent rotation of said adaptor top when said adaptor top is inserted into such a syringe and wherein said adaptor top further comprises a thread coaxial with the bore to receive a threaded needle hub.
4. The adaptor top according to claim 3, wherein said interlocking means are knobs (7) at the lower end of the top, said knobs (7) having triangular cross-sections with an apex directed upwardly.
5. The adaptor top in accordance with claim 1 for use with a standard insulin cartridge which may contain one of various types of insulin, wherein said adaptor top is colored in accordance with a color code system in which each color indicates a particular type of insulin such that said adaptor top, when mounted on a standard insulin cartridge indicates the type of insulin contained in such cartridge.
This application is acontinuation application of allowed application Ser. No. 08/313,651 filed Sep. 26, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,693,027, which is a continuation of 08/053,502 filed Apr. 27, 1993, now abandoned, which is a continuation of 07/768,684 filed Oct. 9, 1991 and claims priority of application Serial No. PCT/DK91/00282 filed Sep. 20, 1991 in the PCT, and Danish application Serial Nos. 2282/90 and 0926/91 filed respectively on Sep. 21, 1990 and May 16, 1991, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The invention relates to ampoules for pen syringes. Such ampoules are commonly shaped as a glas tube being at one end closed by a piston, which may be pressed into the tube to expell the content of the tube at the other end of the tube. This other end is formed as a bottle neck, the outer end of which is closed by a rubber membrane, which may be pierced by an injection needle through which the content is expelled.
In a standard cartridge the outer end of the bottleneck is provided with an external flange supporting the rubber membrane, and this membrane is sealingly secured over the opening of the neck against the flange by a metal cap having a central opening exposing the central part of the membrane over the opening of the neck, having side walls extending along the sides of the membrane and the flange, and having its end beaded to grip under the lower side of the flange.
As new types of pen syringes were developed the cartridges or at least the neck thereof was given different shapes to accomodate these types of syringes. Especially the use of plastic closures instead of the standard metal cap has made it necessary to design the flanges for cooperation with such plastic tops which demand a greater accuracy of the glas flange if a reliable sealing shall be obtained. Conseqently, the different insulin types each have to be marketed in different types of cartridges whereby the manufacturing and the stockpiling is made complicated.
It is the object of the invention to provide a system of tops making a standard cartridge usable in an optional pen.
This is obtained by a plastic top which according to the invention has a bore for receiving the neck part of the cartridge, the bore having a diameter fitting over the metal cover, the inner wall of the bore being provided with protrusions for gripping behind the edge of the metal cover when the neck part is inserted into the bore, and the outer contour of the top being formed to adapt the chosen syringe type.
By using such a plastic top only one type of cartridges has to be manufactured as the adaption to a chosen type of syringe is made by the choice of plastic top. This means that the department filling the cartridges will not have to dispose of different filling machines or to rearrange existing machines to fill different types of cartridges with the same type of medicine. The mounting of the plastic top need not take place under sterile conditions as do the filling, and as the plastic top is of no importance to the sealing of the cartridges, the high accuracy demand may be reduced as the protrusions in the bore only have to secure the plastic top so that it cannot easily be removed, but do not have to prevent rotation or small axial movements of the plastic top on the neck part.
According to the invention the plastic top may be provided with a thread coaxial with the bore to receive a threaded needle hub carrying a double pointed needle, the thread of the top being provided so that when the needle hub is screwed onto the top mounted on a cartridge the one pointed end of the needle will penetrate the rubber membrane of the cartridge. This way the plastic top may serve the same purpose as do the known plastic closures.
The plastic top may be provided with means for keyed engagement with corresponding means in a syringe to keep it unrotable when mounted with a cartridge in the syringe. This is of importance when a needle should be screwed onto the top. In some types of syringes such keyed engagement between cartridge and syringe is further used to ensure that only a certain type of cartridge is used in the syringe.
According to the invention the top may be made from a coloured plastic in accordance with a colour code system for the content of the cartridges. Such a colour code system exists for isulin preparations revealing if a cartridge contains slow or quick acting insulin or a mixture thereof. Especially where the code top having an external thread is used the user is reminded of the type of medicine in the cartridge each time he has to screw a new needle onto the thread of the plastic top.
The plastic top may surround only the neck part of the cartridge or it may cover a bigger or smaller part of the cartridge and even form a part of the housing of a syringe, which may simplify the changing of cartridges.
The invention will now be described in further details with reference to the drawing, wherein
FIG. 1 shows a front view of an embodiment of an adaptor top according to the invention,
FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the line III--III in FIG. 2,
FIG. 4 shows a cylinder ampoule with an adaptor top as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 mounted in a pen syringe,
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of an adaptor top according to the invention.
An adaptor top shown in FIG. 1 comprises a body 1 with a bore having a diameter slightly bigger than the diameter of the metal cap of a standard cylinder ampoule. The cylindric inner wall 2 of the bore is provided with protrusions 3 which may grip under the beaded lower edge of the metal cap of a standard ampoule, when the top is fitted with its bore over the closure of the ampoule. In the shown embodiment there are three protrusions with an angular spacing of 120� , but more protrusions or a single ring shaped protrusion may be used just as the scope of the invention is not deviated from by using two or one protrusion.
The protrusions 3 are given a heighth ensuring a good grip under the edge of the metal cap and the top is mounted by pressing the top with its bore over the metal cap making the protrusion pass the cap by the plastic material of the top being indicentally deformed. The protrusions 3 are placed in the bore of the body 1 in a position making them reach their gripping position under the edge of the metal cap before the insertion of the ampoule neck part into the bore is stopped by the top of the closure abutting the bottom of the bore or the lower edge of the body 1 abutting the ampoule around its neck.
At the bottom of its bore 2 the adaptor top is provided with an opening 4 exposing part of the top of the metal cap with the rubber membrane layed bare. The adaptor top in the shown embodiment is intended for a needle in a hub having an internal thread and consequently it is provided with an outer thread 5 for receiving such a hub with its needle projecting through the opening 4.
At its lower end the body 1 is provided with a flange 6 having triangular nobs 7 intended for cooperation with the syringe using an ampoule carrying this top. The engagement between the knobs 7 and corresponding recesses in the syringe keeps the top unrotable during screwing on the needle hub.
The outer cylindric contour of the body is shown with opposite flat cuts removing the thread 5 on opposite sides of the cylinder. Such cuts in the cylindric body shape may be made to provide a key for cooperation with a specific syringe, but is in the shown embodiment made for pure moulding related reasons.
FIG. 4 shows schematically the relevant parts of the syringe with an ampoule mounted using an adaptor top according to the invention. The parts of the adaptor top are given the reference numbers of similar parts in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3. A standard ampoule 8 has a neck 9 with a flange 10 against which a rubber membrane 11 is sealingly secured by a metal cap 12 beaded under the flange 10. The bottom of the cup shaped cap 12 has an opening up through which part of the membrane 11 protrudes. The adaptor top is passed with its bore over the cap 12 and pressed down to make the protrusion 3 pass the metal cap and grip under the lower beaded edge of this cap. A neddle hub 13 has a depending tubular skirt 20 having an internal thread to be screwed onto the outer thread 5 of the adaptor top with its needle 15 piercing the membrane 11 and projecting into the opening of the neck part of the ampoule. From the drawing it is noticed that the adaptor top is not the type having three protrusions 120� displaced, but has oppositely placed protrusions 3. Similarly, the knobs 7 in FIG. 4 are not placed diametrically opposite each other as they are in FIGS. 1-3.
The ampoule 8 with the adaptor top is inserted in a syringe housing 14 from the rear end thereof with the adaptor top projecting through an end wall of the syringe housing 14 and with the flange 6 of the adaptor top abutting this end wall. The end wall has recesses to be engaged by the knobs 7 on the flange 6 and the top is this way held unrotably so that the needle hub may be screwed on the top. When screwed on the top the needle hub may be tightenen to clamp the end wall of the housing 14 between the flange 6 and the lower edge of the skirt 20. In another not shown embodiment the flange 6 may be omitted and the knobs 7 may be provided on the outer wall of the top and may be received in triangular recesses in the end wall of the syringe housing 14.
In this way the ampoule is held in the syringe in a way making it easy to take out an empty ampoule by unscrewing the needle hub 7 as the ampoule is not wedged in the housing.
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of an adaptor top mounted on a standard ampoule. Instead of discrete protrusions a ringshaped protrusion 19 is running at the inner side of the bore. To make it possible to press this top over the metal cap 12 the lower edge carrying the protrusion has either to be very resillient or even to be slotted to enable a deformation allowing the protrusion to pass over the metal cap of the ampoule. Thereby the adaptor top may be too easy to remove unless as shown it is provided with an unresillient locking ring 16 which is kept in position by locking fingers 17. This adaptor top is shown having in its opening an inner thread 18 for receiving a needle hub having an outer thread.
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Star Citizen: Chris Roberts Interview Coming - Give us your questions!
News & Features Discussion « General Discussion
One of my favorite things about Wing Commander 3 was "making the rounds" on the TCS Victory meeting and conversing with the crew. I loved learning more about the universe directly from the characters.
Any chance we'll have a more expanded "Mass Effect" style conversation system in Squadren 42? I'd love to converse with some turtle aliens!


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March, 2047. A massive nuclear fireball explodes high in the night sky, marking the dramatic beginning to the Third Tiberium War. The infamous Kane has returned to lead the Brotherhood of Nod in a massive global assault on the Global Defense Initiative and the few remaining Blue zones left on the planet. Only you can stop him. The fate of humanity – and the planet – is in your hands.
Sep 2nd, 2007 0 people agree 0 people don't
The game didn't fit with the story of theme of the prequel Tiberian Sun that much. I'm not too happy about the "modernizations" they added to the gameplay and the lack of walls, but all in all it is a pretty fun game.
Mar 4th, 2013 1 person agrees 2 people don't
I only play with mods in this game.


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A method elucidates reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds from time-resolved optical signals affected by an external magnetic field. A coil or magnet applies a magnetic field at a region of interest (ROI). A light or laser illuminates the ROI with a probe beam. An optical fiber collects light emitted by the probe beam; and a computer analyses the collected light.
1. A method for elucidating reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds in vivo, comprising the steps of:
a) turning on a probe beam;
b) irradiating tissue within a region of interest (ROI) with the probe beam;
c) recording fluorescence, phosphorescence and absorption characteristics of the tissue at at least one wavelength;
d) administering a photoreactive agent to the ROI;
e) irradiating the ROI with the probe beam;
f) recording luminescence intensity and lifetime and absorption characteristics of the ROI at at least one wavelength when B =0 Tesla;
g) applying a magnetic field of a predetermined strength to the ROI so that the combination of the magnetic field and irradiation induces a chemical reaction in said photoreactive agent;
h) simultaneously recording the luminescence intensity and lifetime and absorption characteristics of the ROI at at least one wavelength when B>0 Tesla;
i) repeating steps g) and h) for different magnetic field strengths;
j) turning off said probe beam;
k) processing the recorded data obtained in steps c), f) and h); and
l) displaying the results obtained by said processing on a display.
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The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for elucidating reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds from optical signals affected by an external magnetic field.
Known in the art is a relatively recent method of treatment known as photodynamic therapy. During photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizer is introduced into an organism and is activated by light to induce cytotoxicity as shown in
The medicinal effect of a PDT photosensitizer (PS) occurs after the substance absorbs light and enters an excited state (reaction step 1). A portion of this energy is released immediately in the form of fluorescent emissions (reaction step 2), while other phosphorescent emissions (reaction step 4) occur after the excited PS converts from a singlet to a triplet state via inter-system crossing (reaction step 3). Typically, the PS triplet state may interact with ground state oxygen molecules, O2 (3Σu), present in tissue to yield cytotoxic singlet state oxygen, (1Δg), via the Type II pathway (reaction steps 5 and 6). This energetic form of oxygen then rapidly reacts with proteins, lipids and DNA (denoted by S in
After introducing a photosensitive agent into the body, it may remain in its free state or bind to proteins and DNA. These binding processes have an effect on the excited singlet and triplet state lifetimes of the PS and generally complicate optical schemes for in vivo monitoring during photodynamic therapy. During treatment, the physico- and bio-chemical behaviour of photosensitive agents are also quite variable. The effects of photobleaching, tissue oxygenation along with changes in the local chemical environment and protein-binding characteristics of a PS limit the efficacy of photodynamic treatment. Additionally, some PS compounds prefer to collect in the vascular system, while others preferentially concentrate in the lysosomes and near the mitochondria of certain cancerous cells. Since PS bio-uptake and chemistry affects treatment efficacy, drug formulation, and light dosing must be optimized. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of a photodynamic therapy session is usually not evident until after treatment. Furthermore, researchers involved in developing new PDT compounds often have no real time or direct way of knowing how well a drug performs in vivo. Presently, one determines the effectiveness of the drug by evaluating changes in tumour size, the extent of cell apoptosis and tissue necrosis and immune response with analytical bioassays.
In order to better understand the direct chemical reaction dynamics of a PDT compound, several researchers have started to monitor luminescent emissions from tissue during treatment. By measuring the oxygen concentration electrochemically (with the aid of a minimally invasive oxygen electrode), researchers have found a correlation between the change in phosphorescence lifetime or total luminescence intensity with tissue oxygen concentration. This method however is not ideal and produces biased results. Additionally, only the overall oxygen consumption rate in tissue is measured. Other researchers have tried to measure the luminescent emissions of singlet oxygen at 1269 nm, which may directly measure the reaction rate via the Type II pathway. However this measurement is extremely difficult to perform quantitatively in vivo due to the masking effect of other lumiphores and absorbers present in this wavelength region.
Other approaches for estimating the extent of a photodynamic reaction via the Type II pathway appear possible and are, in part, the subject of the present invention.
In literature pertaining to the effect of extremely low frequency (˜50 Hz) electromagnetic fields on the efficacy of a photodynamic treatment, it is known that field strengths of 6 millitesla (mT) may enhance cell death by 20 to 40%. In literature pertaining to the effect of magnetic fields on chemical kinetics, it is known that radical ion pairs, neutral radicals and the potential energy surfaces of triplet-triplet annihilation reactions may be affected by an external magnetic field. A review of pertinent chemical literature has revealed that triplet-triplet annihilation reactions between planar metallophthalocyanine moieties are mildly affected by strong magnetic fields (˜7 T). The literature also suggests that the production of free uncharged radical pairs in solution is mildly affected by weak to medium strength magnetic fields (<0.5 T). In general, these reactions include those of reaction steps 14 and 17 in
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for elucidating reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds from optical signals affected by an external magnetic field. In accordance with the invention, this object is achieved with a method and apparatus as described in the appended claims.
The present invention will be better understood after reading a description of a preferred embodiment thereof made in reference to the following drawings in which:
In this invention, we propose to use a variable magnetic field to affect the reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds in vivo. Since the Type I reaction pathway of an excited triplet state PS involves the production of radicals, their rates of formation and destruction can be perturbed by applying an external magnetic field (In the context of the present invention, the reader will appreciate that although the expression "magnetic field" is used, it also includes the expression "electromagnetic field", as the invention could also be used with LF and VLF fields with appropriate results). The rate of reaction of these species can be monitored by probing the tissue with a short-pulsed laser beam and detecting the back-reflected or transmitted light. If the wavelength of detection is same as the probing beam, the kinetics of absorbing transient species can be followed. If the wavelength of detection is different from the probing beam, the luminescence properties of excited state species can be tracked.
Correlations between tissue oxygen demand and the strength of the applied magnetic field can be determined in a controlled manner by measuring the luminescent emissions of singlet oxygen along with the fluorescent and phosphorescent emissions and absorption transients of the photosensitizer during photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the occurrence of correlations between the perturbations in luminescent emissions of singlet oxygen and those of the photosensitizer allows for a means to assess tissue oxygen demand indirectly. The occurrence of such correlations thereby eliminates the need to directly measure weak singlet oxygen emissions and provides a practical means for clinical PDT monitoring.
By measuring the relative rates of radiative de-excitation over a broad time scale using a temporally resolved detection system (nanosecond to microsecond range), the ratio of singlet to triplet spin states of the transient species may be elucidated and followed. If this type of measurement is made over the course of a therapeutic session as a function of magnetic field strength and local tissue oxygen concentration (either with a pulse oximeter, an oxygen electrode, or by monitoring the luminescence emissions at 1269 nm (P-type delayed oxygen luminescence), precise information pertaining to the rate or extent of the Type II reaction pathway can be elucidated.
By measuring the nano- to microsecond scale luminescent decay rates of the transient species continuously over the course of a therapeutic session as a function of magnetic field strength, it is also possible to monitor changes in the local chemical environment of the tissue being irradiated. This can be done by measuring the ratio or differences in fluorescent lifetime, phosphorescent lifetime or their intensities registered at two different magnetic field strengths. Such qualities should vary depending on the local chemical environment of the tissue because the lifetime of the charged radical pairs depends on the local solvation sphere, pH and whether the ion pair is enclosed in a micelle (lysosome) or bound to a membrane. It is hypothesized that the rate of intersystem crossing between a triplet and singlet state cation anion radical pair, which have similar energies will be strongly affected by applying an external magnetic field (c.f. reaction step 9 in
Normally, the excited triplet state decays at a rate inversely proportional to its phosphorescence lifetime. However, when a magnetic field is applied, the rate of certain reactions, which involve species changing from a spin triplet state to a spin singlet state, will perturb the observed decay rate. Because singlet-to-singlet electronic transitions are quantum mechanically allowed, they are usually fast. Since fluorescence is the fast luminous decay process from singlet excited states to singlet ground states, these "fluorescent emissions" which seem to appear only after magnetic field is applied is referred to delayed fluorescence. In a CW measurement, the delayed fluorescence produced should increase the emission intensity.
Additionally, the local chemical environment may also be probed by tracking B1/2 values over the course of the therapeutic session. The B1/2 value is determined as the magnetic field strength at which the magnetic field effect reaches half its saturation value. As B1/2 depends on the concentration of the radical and substrate species, it is expected that B1/2 will change with the PS uptake and concentration. If the concentration of the PS in the tissue is estimated from the luminescence intensity, the bimolecular rate constant, kex may be calculated for electron self-exchange reactions between a donor (D) or acceptor molecule (A) and the corresponding radical which is part of the spin-correlated geminate radical ion pair (reaction steps 10 and 11 of
The basic apparatus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, used to follow the progress and kinetics of PDT active compounds is shown in
Referring now to
In the embodiment of
Fiber 8 a is connected to couplings optics 7 a and in turn to an electric shutter and/or variable attenuator 6 a. A light source 5 is directed towards attenuator 6 a, and in the preferred embodiment, has wavelength L1 for inducing photodynamic therapy.
Fiber 8 b is connected to coupling optics 7 b and in turn to electric shutter and/or variable attenuator 6 b. A nanosecond or modulated light source at wavelength L2 is directed into fiber 8 b.
Fiber 8 c is connected to coupling optics 7 c and in turn to an electric shutter and/or variable attenuator 6 c. A filter wheel, 10 a, is placed between attenuator 6 c and fast photomultiplier tube 11 b. This fiber is the "detection" fiber.
The filter wheel is preferably provided with four filters which selectively let pass L1, F1 (the fluorescence wavelength band), P1 (the phosphorescence wavelength band), SOL (the singlet oxygen luminescence band centered at 1269 nm, and P2 which allows one to monitor the emissions on either side of the SOL band, depending on the use of the apparatus.
Fiber 8 d is connected to coupling optics 7 d and through a splitter to a detector 11 a and a dual wavelength source 9 b. This system comprises an optical pulse-oximeter which functions at wavelengths L3 and L4.
A controller hub 4 is preferably provided for interfacing the various components with computer 1, equipped with controller board 2 and single photon counting board or multiscalar board or frequency domain lock-in board 3. It should be understood that the specific components are not essential to the invention and can be replaced by other suitable components.
Alternatively, multiple detectors can be used instead of a simple filter wheel to allow simultaneous detection as shown in
Furthermore, the apparatus may also be used in imaging applications, using a device shown in
Although a "larger" version of the apparatus is shown in
Continuous wave techniques are covered by the teachings of the present invention. CW measurements may use either a pulsed or CW light source with a detector integrating light over a millisecond time scale. Alternatively, a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) apparatus may be used and the pseudo-CW signal may be found by integrating under the time point spread function (TPSF). It should also be noted that the use of CW measurements might be of use for looking at delayed fluorescence in the region of interest.
For time resolved detection, a pulsed probe light source is appropriate and for frequency domain measurements, a modulated light source is to be used. For CW measurements, either a pulsed or CW light source may be used.
The types of light sources for the probe beam includes but are not limited to flashlamps, nanosecond or picosecond pulsed lasers with low repetition rates, pulsed LEDs, modulated LEDs, modulated light sources, and continuous wave sources.
Given the presence of a fiber bundle, one, two or a plurality of wavelength bands can be employed as the probe beam and/or therapeutic beam. It should be noted that the wavelengths for the probe beam and the therapeutic beams will be selected according to the specifics of the PDT and the reaction dynamics.
The two wavelengths used for the pulse oximeter (L3, L4) can be either fixed or adjustable (in case the PDT drug has a strong overlapping absorption band with oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin. The wavelengths are typically 650 and 810 nm.
The apparatus can use a permanent magnet or one, two or a plurality of coils (for producing homogeneous fields about the ROI), the magnetic field may be turned on or off (square wave modulation), sinusoidally modulated, or its strength may be varied over the ROI by mechanical means (i.e. moving magnets). In the case of the coils, the coil diameter may be designed in such a way as to obtain a relatively uniform magnetic field around the ROI.
Additionally, a sinusoidally modulated magnetic field, which is generated electrically, may comprise a low frequency electromagnetic field (0-100 Hz).
Optical measurements can be made while the magnetic field is on, or off or while varying in strength.
Measurement Specifics
The reader will note that these operations may be done on a single point, two spatially different points (over a tumour region and over a normal tissue region) or over a plurality of points which allows line or 2D image maps to be constructed.
A description of the mode of operation for evaluating (and treating) a region of interest (ROI) according to a preferred embodiment follows. It should however be noted that the order is not necessarily crucial. What is important is to first calibrate the apparatus, second administer the drug (these could in some cases be done simultaneously), third irradiate the ROI and fourth perform the measurements.
In the second preferred mode of operation, the method is the same as the first mode except that the probe beam and therapeutic beam use the same source and wavelength.
In a third preferred mode of operation, the probe beam and therapeutic beam use the same source and wavelength but the probe beam is substantially less intense than the therapeutic beam.
Data Processing Methods
As mentioned in the Measurement Specifics, the luminescence intensity and lifetime and absorption characteristics of the ROI are recorded at one or several wavelengths as a function of applied magnetic field strength over time (hereby referred to as the raw data).
The determination of fluorescent and phosphorescent lifetimes, and their background corrected intensity amplitudes are based on well-known techniques in the art. The exact technique will of course vary depending on whether time or frequency domain data is collected.
For the purposes of elucidating the reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds, the raw data is further processed generating a set of processed data variables appropriate for displaying on the processing unit. The raw data is preferably transformed into the following set of processed data variables:
The reader will appreciate that these correlations may be either performed in real-time or delayed by some time lag.
In order to elucidate the reaction dynamics of photoreactive compounds it is necessary to find trends in the spectroscopic data recorded over the ROI with the use of maps. The following data maps are the preferred means for conveying pertinent information to the user of the apparatus which permits reaction assessment over time:
The use a variable magnetic fields to induce changes in time-resolved luminescence characteristics of a PS compound during a photodynamic therapy may have great utility in clinical settings. This approach may allow not only pharmaceutical companies to better understand the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs in development but allow for real time assessment of therapeutic treatment.
Although the present invention has been explained hereinabove by way of a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be pointed out that any modifications to this preferred embodiment within the scope of the appended claims is not deemed to alter or change the nature and scope of the present invention.
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23 Fabulous Picnic Craft Ideas + Restaurant Copycat Recipes
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DIY Clay Garden Stakes
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Keep your garden organized with these Adorable Garden Stakes. This DIY garden decor will not only look cute, but will help keep track of where you planted all your vegetables. With miniature versions of your crops on top of the stakes, you'll never lose track of where you planted your produce. This is an easy DIY garden project that will only take you minutes to create. Follow this tutorial and prepare to take your garden to the next level with these fantastic stakes.
- Sculpey® III Emerald clay - 2 oz, 1 block
- Sculpey® III Granny Smith clay - 2 oz, 1 block
- Sculpey® III Yellow clay - 2 oz, 1 block
- Sculpey® III Purple clay - 2 oz, 1 block
- Sculpey® III Just Orange clay - 2 oz, 1 block
- Craft sticks
Do not use unbaked clay on unprotected furniture or finished surfaces. Start with clean hands and work surface area. Good work surfaces include wax paper, metal baking sheet, or disposable foil. Knead clay until soft and smooth. For best results, clean your hands in between colors. Shape clay, pressing pieces together firmly. Bake on oven-proof glass or metal surface at 275°F (130°C) for 15 minutes per ¼" (6 mm) thickness. For best baking results, use an oven thermometer. DO NOT USE MICROWAVE OVEN. DO NOT EXCEED THE ABOVE TEMPERATURE OR RECOMMENDED BAKING TIME. Wash hands after use. Baking should be completed by an adult. Begin by preheating oven to 275°F (130 °C). Test temperature with oven thermometer for perfectly cured clay. Condition clay by kneading and squeezing small pieces until it is smooth and a consistency that is easy to work with.
To make the pear pod, make two large Emerald pea shapes that are thick in the middle and tapered at both ends. Make three pea shapes from Granny Smith.
Flatten one of the pea shapes. Press a craft stick into it.
Position the peas on the edge of the pea pod. Flatten the other pea shape and drape it over the top of the peas. Smooth the top pea shape to the bottom one along the edges. Set aside.
To make the corn, make an oval shape from Granny Smith and several flat husk shapes. Make a Yellow corn cob shape.
Flatten the Granny Smith oval and press a craft stick into it. Flatten the corn cob shape over the craft stick and press it into place. Use the craft knife to score corn kernels into the cob.
Place the husk shapes over the corn and curl some of them. Set aside.
To make the eggplant, make a thick circle and a thick eggplant shape from Purple. Make an Emerald cone shape.
Press the craft stick into the circle. Press the eggplant shape over the craft stick and push it into place.
Using a pencil, create a hole into the thick end of the green cone. Put the tip of the eggplant shape into the hole in the stem. Smooth the sides of the stem around the eggplant neck. Set aside.
To make the carrot, make a little carrot shape and a large carrot shape using Just Orange. Make five little green tops for the carrot. Press the craft stick into the smaller carrot shape.
Flatten the big carrot shape over the craft stick. Make little lines in the carrot with the craft knife. Add the carrot tops. Set aside.
- Bake all of the plant stakes as directed above. Baking will not harm the craft sticks. Cool and happy harvest!
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I have tried everything, Google Chrome, Opera, Puffin Browser but none can compare to Mozilla Firefox!! Truly Unique! Thank you creator for making my computer 100% better! I look forward to any new creations and i will always be there if you need a witness for an unbeliever!
Loving Firefox always,


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Delayed Data
As of Jul 02
| +1.43 / +2.36%
Today's Change
Today|||52-Week Range
The 37 analysts offering 12-month price forecasts for eBay have a median target of 63.00, with a high estimate of 75.00 and a low estimate of 50.00. The median estimate represents a +1.86% increase from the last price of 61.85.
The current consensus among 43 polled investment analysts is to Hold stock in eBay. This rating has held steady since June, when it was unchanged from a Move your mouse over past
months for detail
Move your mouse over a quarter or year to see how estimates have changed over time.
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Originally written on Fox Sports Houston | Last updated 6/28/12
HOUSTON (AP) -- Alexi Amarista launched a grand slam for his first major league homer, capping a six-run rally in the ninth inning off Houston closer Brett Myers and lifting the San Diego Padres over the Astros 7-3 Thursday night. Andrew Cashner held Houston hitless for six innings in only his third big league start. Carlos Lee broke up the bid with a one-out single in the seventh and Brian Bogusevic followed with a homer for a 2-1 lead. The Padres trailed 3-1 going into the ninth. Third baseman Chris Johnson's second error of the game gave San Diego a run, and Carlos Quentin was hit by a pitch with the bases loaded, tying it with one out. With two outs, Amarista homered into the second row in right field.
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JUST IN AND GREAT VALUE! THIS CAR HAS NOT BEEN DETAILED YET READY FOR SALE. LOTS OF PHOTOS COMING SOON. IF YOU WANT US... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 2002 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 Coupe for purchase. 35 years after taking over the pony car market... More
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2001 Chevrolet Z28 Convertible 42000 miles, very rare color combination mystic teal-1 of 15 produced, tan leather interior, tan convertible top, runs and drives... More
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This month, we're taking you back to the basics. Become "heart smart" by reading June's health topic articles.Learn more
Think a heart attack is the only cardiovascular condition you need to worry about? Think again.Learn more
Members of certain populations are at a greater risk for heart disease. Are you one of them?Learn more


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Since its inception, psychology has struggled with understanding and treating trauma. Freud was one of the first to become particularly interested in trauma in the wake of World War I, observing the psychological illness present in veterans returning home. The overwhelming experiences of intense dread and horror the soldiers endured created invisible scars, and he […]
This piece explores the social psychology of judgment, how this affects our evaluation of film, and how such influences might be mined for their theological significance.
Theology is one of the ways in which we repress anxiety, and though repression often produces fictitious ideas that do not work, the anxiety it covers does not lie.
How a documentary film that simulates an encounter with an alien life form may be challenging to our theological sensibilities.
As technological advance sells users on increasing personal power and protection from trauma, Christians must consider the idolatrous potential of buying in.
Film is a place of revelation through disruption.
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Kinston Edges Wheeler, Georgia 59-51
Posted: 12/28/2011 - The Kinston High School boys basketball team beat Wheeler High School out of Marietta, Georgia 59-51 Wednesday at the HighSchoolOT.com Holiday Tournament.
Posted: 12/28/2011 - The Kinston High School boys basketball team beat Wheeler High School out of Marietta, Georgia 59-51 Wednesday at the HighSchoolOT.com Holiday Tournament.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - Goldsboro police say the shooting happened around 1:15 p.m. Wednesday when multiple shots were fired into a vehicle.
Posted: 12/28/2011 - A long scoring drought in the first half proved fatal for East Carolina Wednesday as No. 19 Delaware posted a 60-40 victory at the Comcast Center in the second game of the Terrapin Classic.
Posted: 12/28/2011 - The 2012 meeting between East Carolina and South Carolina, which was tentatively designated as an early November matchup, will be played Saturday, Sept. 8 in Columbia.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - The latest drought maps show most of our area is under abnormally dry conditions, while drought conditions have already crept into Duplin County.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - Police have not made any arrests in a home invasion and armed robbery that happened Monday night in Greenville.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - Greenville police have made no arrests yet in the armed robbery of a fast food restaurant Tuesday night.
Updated: 12/30/2011 - It happened Monday night at the Faison Recreation and Wellness Center in Duplin County.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - A Robersonville man was found dead after his family reported him missing.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - A Brunswick County sheriff's deputy is on paid leave as state investigators probe why he shot two people after being called to help in a domestic dispute.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - A 4-year-old North Carolina girl is dead and a relative faces charges of driving while impaired after a farm tractor they were riding rolled off a gravel road into a small creek.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - A concerned citizen noticed someone walking behind local businesses carrying a flat screen television.
Updated: 12/28/2011 - Washington fire fighters were called out twice overnight to an apartment fire on Sparrow Drive.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - A murder suspect that fled our state after police say he shot and killed a man is back behind bars in eastern carolina.
Posted: 12/27/2011 - As 2011 winds down, it's the busiest time of year for non profits like the Salvation Army and Goodwill as people are donating the final items for this tax season.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - Here in the east, one town had more suicide attempts than usual recently, but the police department says officers have been trained to get people the help they need.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - A man is charged with armed robbery after New Bern Police say he broke into a home and stole money Tuesday afternoon. Neighbors say the residents of the home had hired the man to work there before.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - At the height of the outage, some 1600 customers were in the dark, from downtown to across the Trent River into James City.
Posted: 12/27/2011 - Sheriff deputies say they executed seven search warrants last Wednesday where they seized an AR-15 semi-automatic, drugs and counterfeit cash.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - A Beaufort County man is facing charges for killing more than a dozen swans in neighboring Hyde County.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - Barbara Garris of Fountain is charged with second degree arson and driving while impaired.
Updated: 12/29/2011 - Cumberland County authorities say a man accused of killing his girlfriend and kidnapping their 22-month-old daughter has surrendered to police in Connecticut.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - An EMT worker, responding to a call for help, is instead assaulted and taken to the hospital for laceration to the face and body.
Updated: 12/26/2011 - Warsaw police say Eric Hall is a person of interest in the Christmas night shooting of another man who is in critical condition at a Wilmington hospital.
Updated: 12/27/2011 - Twelve people were asleep in the historic Edgecombe County mansion when fire broke out around 3:00 a.m Monday.


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The good shepherd
Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, "Who do people say that the Son of Man is?" And they said, "Some say John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others Jeremiah or one of the prophets." He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?" Simon Peter replied, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." And Jesus answered him, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are ...
May 03, 2015 | Jan McCoy | Columnists
Concerts in the square return in May
The strains of '80s and '90s classic rock will be heard over lunch in downtown Covington beginning Thursday, May 7, with the launch of the 25th season of Concerts on the Square.
May 03, 2015 | | LOCAL
Johnston: I'm here to burst your bubble
Dear City of Covington Residents,
May 03, 2015 | | Columnists
Dear editor,
May 03, 2015 | Staff Report | Letters
Judge Johnson serves as President-Elect of the Council of Superior Court Judges of Georgia
Superior Court Judge Horace J. Johnson, Jr., Alcovy Judicial Circuit, Covington, became President-Elect of the Council of Superior Court Judges on Friday, and his term will run through April 30, 2016.
May 03, 2015 | Staff Report | LOCAL
Aboard the Memphis Belle
The 750-horsepower Pratt and Whitney Hornet engines turned over four propellers sending a beautiful yet chaotic melody of mechanical jazz to those encased in the belly of the flying time capsule that is the Liberty Foundation's B-17 Memphis Belle at the DeKalb-Peachtree Airport Thursday.
June 06, 2013 | Bryan Fazio | A VETERAN'S STORY
Archive site results
Newman, Warfield named new principals
One of the first items on Newton County School Superintendent Samantha Fuhrey's agenda for the 2015-16 school year was filling the vacancies led by South Salem and Porterdale elementary schools principals Holly Dubois and Dr. Lizella Dodson, respectively.
May 02, 2015 | Staff Report | LOCAL
Budget discussion heats up
Newton County faces some tough decisions for next year's budget with the Sheriff seeking a $6.2 million increase and county employees impatient for raises.
May 02, 2015 | Meris Lutz | LOCAL
Dolores Long Maddox
Dolores Long Maddox, age 79 of Buford, died Saturday, May 2, 2015 after an extended illness. Funeral Service will be held Monday, May 4, 2015 at 2 p.m. at Hamilton Mill Memorial Chapel. Rev. Mark Hutchins, Rev. Jerry Crocker, and Rev. Cecil Ash will officiate.
May 02, 2015 | Staff Report | OBITS
Kindergarten round-up this week
Newton County School System will hold its annual Kindergarten Round-Up during the week of May 4- May 7. Children must be 5 years old by Sept. 1, 2015 (child must have been born on or before September 1, 2010) to register for the 2015-2016 school year. Parents should bring the prospective kindergarten student with them to the roundup so teachers can conduct screenings with the children.
May 02, 2015 | Staff Report | LOCAL
Stocks head higher, bouncing back from a drop the day before
NEW YORK (AP) - U.S. stocks headed higher Friday as the market bounced back from a steep loss the day before. Most Asian and European markets were closed for a holiday.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
Black mothers wonder if their lost babies are still alive
ST. LOUIS (AP) - Eighteen black women who were told decades ago that their babies had died soon after birth at a St. Louis hospital now wonder if the infants were taken away by hospital officials to be raised by other families.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
'Stand By Me' singer Ben E. King dead at age 76
NEW YORK (AP) - Ben E. King, the unforgettable lead singer for the Drifters and a solo star whose plaintive baritone graced such pop and rhythm 'n blues classics as "Stand by Me," ''There Goes My Baby" and "Spanish Harlem," has died.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
Stocks move higher, bouncing back from a drop the day before
NEW YORK (AP) - U.S. stocks are moving higher in midday trading as the market bounces back from a steep decline the day before.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
Former Emory employee pleads guilty to embezzling money
ATLANTA (AP) - A former Emory University employee has pleaded guilty to federal wire fraud charges after she was accused of embezzling more than $317,000 in student fees and tuition over a two-year period.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | STATE
6 Baltimore officers charged in Gray's death
BALTIMORE (AP) - Baltimore's top prosecutor announced criminal charges Friday against all six officers suspended after a man suffered a fatal spinal injury in police custody, saying "no one is above the law."
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
General Motors April US sales rise 5.9 percent
DETROIT (AP) - General Motors says its U.S. sales last month rose 5.9 percent as Americans snapped up small and midsize SUVs.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
Police kill woman who fired at them from inside patrol car
ATLANTA (AP) - Police officers in Atlanta fatally shot a woman who first fired at them while sitting in the back of a patrol car Thursday, authorities said.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | STATE
Falcons may look for running back on 2nd day of NFL draft
FLOWERY BRANCH, Ga. (AP) - The Atlanta Falcons may try to address a glaring need at running back in the second and third rounds of the NFL draft.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | STATE
More Americans spending at least half their pay on housing
WASHINGTON (AP) - The surging cost of rental housing has squeezed a rising proportion of U.S. families since the Great Recession struck in 2007.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
2-headed calf born on farm in northern Florida
MACCLENNY, Fla. (AP) - A two-headed calf was recently born on a farm in northern Florida.
May 01, 2015 | Associated Press | NATION/WORLD
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