text:
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BioMed Central
Page 1 of 7
(page number not for citation purposes)
International Journal of Behavioral
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Open Access
Field validation of listings of food stores and commercial physical
activity establishments from secondary data
Catherine Paquet1,2,3, Mark Daniel*1,2,3, Yan Kestens3,4, Karine Léger3 and
Lise Gauvin2,3,5
Address: 1School of Health Sciences, the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, 2Département de médecine sociale et préventive,
Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada, 3Axe santé des populations, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal,
Québec, Canada, 4Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, Québec, Canada and 5Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en santé, Université de
Montréal, Québec, Canada
Email: Catherine Paquet - firstname.lastname@example.com; Mark Daniel* - email@example.com; Yan Kestens - ykestens@santepub-
mtl.qc.ca; Karine Léger - firstname.lastname@example.com; Lise Gauvin - email@example.com
* Corresponding author
Background: Food- and activity-related establishments are increasingly viewed as neighbourhood
resources that potentially condition health-related behaviour. The primary objective of the current
study was to establish, using ground truthing (on-site verification), the validity of measures of
availability of food stores and physical activity establishments that were obtained from commercial
database and Internet searches. A secondary objective was to examine differences in validity results
according to neighbourhood characteristics and commercial establishment categories.
Methods: Lists of food stores and physical activity-related establishments in 12 census tracts
within the Montreal metropolitan region were compiled using a commercial database (n = 171
establishments) and Internet search engines (n = 123 establishments). Ground truthing through
field observations was performed to assess the presence of listed establishments and identify those
absent. Percentage agreement, sensitivity (proportion of establishments found in the field that were
listed), and positive predictive value (proportion of listed establishments found in the field) were
calculated and contrasted according to data sources, census tracts characteristics, and
establishment categories.
Results: Agreement with field observations was good (0.73) for the commercial list, and moderate
(0.60) for the Internet-based list. The commercial list was superior to the Internet-based list for
correctly listing establishments present in the field (sensitivity), but slightly inferior in terms of the
likelihood that a listed establishment was present in the field (positive predictive value). Agreement
was higher for food stores than for activity-related establishments.
Conclusion: Commercial data sources may provide a valid alternative to field observations and
could prove a valuable tool in the evaluation of commercial environments relevant to eating
behaviour. In contrast, this study did not find strong evidence in support of commercial and
Internet data sources to represent neighbourhood opportunities for active lifestyle.
Published: 10 November 2008
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008, 5:58 doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-58
Received: 23 May 2008
Accepted: 10 November 2008
This article is available from: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/5/1/58
© 2008 Paquet et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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A growing body of literature supports the association
between specific features of neighbourhood built environ-
ments, health-related behaviour, and overweight/obesity
[1-7]. Relevant to the current obesity epidemic, the pres-
ence and density of food and activity-related businesses
can provide information about the availability of
resources that may support healthful behaviour [8]. A
potential alternative to time- and labor-intensive direct
observation or surveys of such commercial environments
consists of using listings obtained from secondary data
sources such as commercial business databases and Inter-
net search engines. These information sources are regu-
larly updated, easily accessible, and are increasingly used
in studies investigating the impact of neighbourhood
influences on physical activity, eating behaviour, and
body mass index [4,7,9-17]. Despite their advantages,
questions persist regarding the validity of these data
sources as measures of availability of consumer products/
resources [18].
In the present paper, we examine the validity of secondary
source listings of food stores and commercial physical
activity establishments obtained from commercial and
Internet information sources. To do so, we draw on the
notion of "Ground Truthing" used for validating remotely
sensed data through comparison with reference data col-
lected on the ground. In particular, we compare listings
derived from the commercial and Internet sources of sec-
ondary data with observations conducted in the field for
evaluating the utility of such secondary data sources. A
secondary aim was to examine whether or not indicators
of validity differed according to neighbourhood character-
istics and establishment categories.
Two address listings of food stores and physical activity-
related establishments located in 12 census tracts repre-
senting the spectrum of socio-economic status (SES) and
predominant official Canadian household language
(French or English) were developed using a commercial
database of businesses and Internet searches. "Ground
truthing" was performed by field observations to deter-
mine the presence of establishments on each list and to
identify establishments absent from lists. Validity statis-
tics were derived from the presence/absence of establish-
ments on lists and in the field.
Census Tract Sampling
Census tracts were selected from the Montreal Metropoli-
tan Census Area based on 36 socio-demographic variables
(2001 Canada Census) chosen for their relevance to
research on neighbourhood effects on obesity. These vari-
ables were utilised in a Principal Component Analysis for
which the first three factors were retained. The first factor
was associated with income (e.g., median income and
percentage residents below low-income cut-off), the sec-
ond with ethnic composition (official language (French or
English) spoken within households), and the third with
education (e.g., percentage residents with a university
degree). Factor scores on ethnic composition were used to
distinguish dominantly French-speaking (fourth quartile)
from dominantly English-speaking (first quartile) census
tracts. Education and income factor scores were combined
to form a socio-economic index (SEI) weighted more
heavily for the education factor (0.70) based on research
indicating that education contributes more than income
to nutrition-related behaviors and cardiovascular risk fac-
tors [19-22]. For each language group, two census tracts
were randomly selected within each socio-economic ter-
tile. Two sampled census tracts with high concentrations
of an ethnoreligious minority were replaced and alternate
selections made randomly. This procedure resulted in six
dominantly French-speaking and six dominantly English-
speaking census tracts evenly distributed across higher,
medium, and lower socio-economic strata (see Additional
file 1 for census tracts characteristics).
Establishments sampled
Two broad categories of commercial establishments rele-
vant to neighbourhood research on obesity were selected:
food stores and physical activity-related establishments.
Subcategories of food establishments were derived
through review of Standard Industry Classification (SIC)
codes (provided in the commercial database) and
researchers' knowledge of the local commercial environ-
ment. SIC is a system for classifying companies and enter-
prises according to the activities in which they are engaged
using 4-digit codes [23]. These codes are complemented
with a list of product names, which provide further classi-
fication of the individual SIC codes. The following sub-
categories were chosen for food store establishments:
convenience stores (i.e., establishments selling food but
no fresh fruits/vegetables), fruit and vegetable stores, spe-
cialty markets (e.g., butcher shops, cheese stores), pastry
and bakery shops, grocery stores, megamarkets (i.e., very
large food stores with large selections of food products),
natural food and supplement stores, and small/ethnic
markets. We did not consider restaurants and cafés even
when takeout was available given our focus on resources
available for in-home consumption, nor did we consider
retail stores selling food (e.g., WalMart, Dollar Store)
given the small proportion of their inventory represented
by food items.
We focused on three sub-categories of physical activity-
related commercial establishments, namely facilities that
offer (1) movement-based activities led by an instructor
(e.g., martial arts, yoga), (2) movement-based activities
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without instruction in motor skills but possibly an activity
leader (e.g., fitness centre), and (3) education and coach-
ing (e.g., establishments with trainers, dieticians, or nutri-
tionists). These subcategories were developed by
aggregating SIC codes so as to obtain more generic and
meaningful subcategories. Non-commercial establish-
ments (e.g., school gymnasiums, parks, playgrounds, out-
door fields, public pools, bike paths) and establishments
not directly related to the practice of physical activity (e.g.,
sport leagues, sport equipment stores) were excluded
from this list.
List development
The commercial list was derived from a commercial data-
base updated in May 2005 [24], wherein establishments
were geocoded based on their street address (78%) or
postal code (22%). From this database, we extracted com-
mercial establishments located within the 12 census tract
boundaries that fell into one of the above subcategories
based on their primary SIC code classification, product
names and business names (for names of local chains)
(see Appendix). A total of 155 food stores and 16 physical
activity-related establishments were so identified.
The Internet list was derived from Internet searches con-
ducted in the summer of 2005 with national (http://
www.Canada411.ca, or http://www.pagesjaunes.ca) and
local (http://www.montrealplus.ca,
www.google.ca, or http://www.toutmontreal.com) search
engines, using key words associated with the above sub-
categories, or names of local chains (see Appendix 1). The
search was performed using French websites and French
key words since Montreal is a Francophone city and, by
law, businesses are required to have French names. We
then restricted the list to establishments located within
the 12 census tracts boundaries, based on postal code cor-
respondence. Duplicate establishments were eliminated
based on names and addresses. Final classification into
subcategories was performed post-hoc based on key
words and business names. A total of 111 food stores and
12 physical activity-related establishments were so identi-
Field validation ("ground truthing")
Two observers simultaneously undertook field validation
of the commercial (n = 171) and Internet (n = 123)
address listings, performed during October 2005 for two
weeks within normal business hours. Each observer was
responsible for validating one of the two lists. All selected
census tract streets were surveyed by foot to verify estab-
lishments present in the field. Observers validated estab-
lishments based on external cues only. Observers
attempted to verify listed establishments based on con-
cordance with at least three of the following characteris-
tics: name, address, category, and subcategory.
Establishments found in the field but not present on the
original commercial (n = 34) or Internet (n = 69) lists
were added to each list. Establishments present on the
final lists were classified based on their presence on the
initial lists and in field observation.
Data analysis
To establish concurrent validity, agreement with field
observation was assessed for both the commercial and
Internet source of listings using percentage agreement
computed as the proportion of establishments present on
a list and in the field. Although the kappa coefficient is
generally preferred to percentage agreement due to its cor-
rection for chance agreement, the impossibility of assess-
ing establishments neither observed in the field nor given
on either list (resulting in a structural zero [25]) prevented
us from generating this statistic. We also computed
screening test properties used in epidemiological research,
taking field observations as the gold-standard against
which both lists were compared. Specifically, sensitivity
was obtained from the proportion of establishments
found in the field that were present on a list whereas pos-
itive predictive value was derived from the proportion of
listed establishments found in the field. Other screening
test properties (specificity and negative predictive value)
could not be calculated due to structural zeros.
Statistics were computed for both lists according to cate-
gory of establishment, predominant census tract lan-
guage, and SES tertile. Exact mid-p 95% confidence
intervals were obtained using WinPepi software [26]. We
assessed differences between lists, SES tertiles, predomi-
nant language group, and establishment category using
Fisher's Exact test (two-sided p) performed using SAS soft-
ware (V 9.1, Cary, NC: SAS Institute).
Validity statistics for both listings of establishments are
reported in Additional file 2. For ease of discussion and
comparison, we categorised indicators below 0.30 as
poor, from 0.31–0.50 as fair, from 0.51–0.70 as moder-
ate, from 0.71–0.90 as good, and over 0.91 as excellent, a
categorization that has been previously used [27].
Percentage agreement with field observations was good
(range across six SES-language combinations: 0.62–0.78)
for establishments identified by the commercial database,
and moderate (range: 0.55–0.71) for those identified by
Internet sources. The difference in percentage agreement
between the lists was statistically significant (Fisher's p =
0.006). Within each list, no differences in percentage
agreement were found across census tracts according to
language or SES tertile (Fisher's p > 0.34). However, differ-
ences were found across categories of establishments with
agreement being higher for food stores than for activity-
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related establishments for both the commercial (Fisher's p
= 0.0008) and Internet-based lists (Fisher's p = 0.0003).
Overall sensitivity was relatively high (range: 0.67–0.85)
for establishments derived from the commercial database
and moderate for the Internet-based list (range: 0.55–
0.79). Both lists differed in their sensitivity (Fisher's p <
0.0001), with correct identification of establishments
present in the field being superior for the commercial list
compared to the Internet-based list. Sensitivity for indi-
vidual lists was consistent across predominant language
groups and SES tertiles (Fisher's p > 0.25), but not across
categories of establishments for both the commercial
(Fisher's p = 0.007) and Internet-based lists (Fisher's p =
0.010). Specifically, both lists showed superior sensitivity
for food stores compared to physical activity-related busi-
nesses. For both lists, most establishments found in the
field that were absent from a list (false negative cases)
were small-size establishments, such as convenience
stores and specialty stores.
Overall positive predictive values were relatively high for
both the commercial (range: 0.79–1.00) and Internet-
based (range: 0.88–1.00) lists. Chi-square analysis indi-
cated no overall significant differences between lists in
terms of positive predictive value (Fisher's p = 0.116). For
both lists, the positive predictive value did not differ
across SES tertiles or language groups (Fisher's p > 0.124).
Positive predictive value was higher for food establish-
ments than for physical activity businesses for both the
commercial (Fisher's p = 0.006) and Internet-based lists
(Fisher's p < 0.0001). Establishments that most often
failed on-site validation (false positive cases) included
convenience stores, fruit and vegetable stores, education
and coaching services, and pastry/bakery shops.
Our data indicate that the concurrent validity of a com-
mercial database was superior to Internet searches as a
proxy source of information on food stores and physical
activity-related establishments in 12 census tracts.
Although the level of correspondence between the com-
mercial list and the observed reality was not perfect, the
commercial data source provided a valid alternative to
field observations. However, limitations of both commer-
cial and Internet-based data sources should be acknowl-
edged to guide researchers in their use of secondary data
and the interpretation of results derived from them.
First, calculations of positive predictive value showed that
the commercial list tended to slightly over-represent the
availability of food store establishments. Post-hoc exami-
nation of field notes revealed that this over-representation
was mainly attributable to establishments that were no
longer in business (n = 20), which casts doubt on the
extent to which the commercial database was truly up-to-
date. This suggests that researchers seeking to make infer-
ences about the density of food stores could benefit from
evaluating via telephone calls whether establishments,
especially smaller ones with lower survival rates, are still
in operation. Although this strategy has been used on
occasion [28,29], it does not appear to be widely imple-
Sensitivity statistics indicated that the Internet-based list
performed less accurately than the commercial list in
identifying food source establishments present in the
field. This result suggests that Internet sources should be
used cautiously in neighbourhood research on food avail-
ability, for instance, restricting their use to identify well-
defined food stores or restaurant chains [9,10,29] or to
supplement listings obtained from other data sources
Third, both sources of information were superior in repre-
senting food stores compared to physical activity-related
establishments, the latter type of establishment being
poorly identified by both sources. This poor representa-
tion could be due to the wide array of establishment types
that could fall within this category, which would compli-
cate efforts to comprehensively assess neighbourhood
physical activity opportunities. Studies aimed at capturing
neighbourhood potential for active living may circumvent
this problem by focusing on either public or specific pri-
vate opportunities for physical activity [2,12], with only
few studies providing comprehensive assessments of
physical-activity related commercial establishments [31].
Finally, our results indicate that the performance of nei-
ther list varied according to key SES and language group-
ings by which census tracts can be differentiated in
Montreal. This finding, if generalisable, would suggest
that studies of food and physical activity establishments
identified using proxy measures are not necessarily subject
to systematic bias through variation in the validity of
proxy measures associated with neighbourhood socio-
economic or demographic indicators.
Study limitations
This study focused exclusively on commercial establish-
ments that can support active lifestyle and offer resources
for healthful eating at home. Additional investigations are
needed to validate the identification of restaurants or take-
away outlets by commercial sources, and data sources for
public spaces used for physical activity. The generalisability
of our findings is limited in that we validated measures
from just one commercial database. Wang and colleagues
[32] have shown that commercial databases vary in their
representation of food retail businesses. While a recent
U.S. validation study of a different commercial database
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of physical activity facilities generated estimates very sim-
ilar to ours [33], future studies might examine multiple
commercial databases, where feasible. Although Montréal
has certain similarities to other major North-American cit-
ies, it is atypical in terms of language composition. Further
research is needed to analyse variations in the validity of
secondary data sources with neighbourhood characteris-
tics in different cities. In addition, our assessment of the
validity of commercial physical activity-related establish-
ments could have been compromised by the lesser num-
bers of such establishments identified (n = 24 for both
lists) relative to food stores (n = 181 and 168, for commer-
cial and Internet address listings, respectively) within the
12 census tracts sampled and ground-truthed. Our valid-
ity estimates are, however, consistent with those reported
by Boone and colleagues [33]. Similarly, the precision of
estimates for the low-SES census tracts might have been
reduced by the lesser numbers of establishments identi-
fied for these areas. Finally, although we aimed to provide
an exhaustive list of key terms for the Internet search, we
acknowledge that our results hinge upon the quality of
this list.
This study represents a first effort to formally assess the
validity of secondary data sources pertaining to commer-
cial environments relevant to both healthful eating and
active lifestyle, constructs that are increasingly used in
research on the built environment and health. Our find-
ings suggest that commercial databases are a valid alterna-
tive to expensive field observations in providing a
reasonably accurate tool for the identification of available
food stores. Commercial and Internet-based data sources
both should be used cautiously in representing neigh-
bourhood opportunities for active living.
CI: Confidence Interval; SES: Socio-Economic Status; SIC:
Standard Industry Classification.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MD is responsible for communications concerning the
manuscript. CP, MD, YK and LG contributed to the study
conception and design. YK and MD created the sampling
strategy for census tract selection. KL extracted business
data from the commercial directory, geocoded business
data, and performed data collection in the field. CP con-
ducted statistical analyses. CP and MD interpreted the
data. CP wrote the paper. All authors critically revised the
article for important intellectual content and approved
the final version.
Internet search terms
Key words for movement-based activities were (English
translation in parentheses for French key words): condi-
tionnement physique/conditionnement (physical train-
ing), musculation, creatine (for muscular training),
YMCA, boxe (boxing), gymnastique (gymnastics),
sports, golf, tennis, baseball, hockey, basketball, foot-
ball, athlétisme (athleticism), soccer, natation/nage
(swimming), piscine (swimming pool), plongeon (div-
ing), marche/marche à pieds (walking), course (race),
marathon, badminton, articles de sports (sports items),
entraîneur (coach/trainer), centre culturel (cultural
center), organismes sportifs (sports organisation),
karate, arts martiaux (martial arts), centre arts martiaux
(martial art center), mini-putt, patinage (skating), patin-
age artistique (figure skating), arena, entraîneur privé
(private trainer/coach), gymnase (gymnasium), ballet,
ballet-jazz (jazz ballet), claquette (tap dancing), danse
(dance), tango, salsa, skate park, conseillers sportifs
(sports advisor), triathlon, pentathlon, decathlon, équi-
tation/sports équestres (horseback riding), escalade
(climbing), plongée sous-marine (scuba diving), curling,
tournois sportifs (sports tournament), lutte (wrestling),
escrime (fencing), squash, racquetball, volley-ball, bowl-
ing/quilles (bowling), combat.
Key words for education and coaching establishments were:
alimentation (food), naturiste (naturist), naturopathe
(naturopath), naturopathie (naturopathy), obesité (obes-
ity), trouble du comportement alimentaire (eating disor-
der), anorexie (anorexia), boulimie (bulimia), diététiste
(dietician), nutritionnistes (nutritionist), vitamine (vita-
min), diète (diet), amincissement/perte de poids (weight
loss), kilogramme (kilogram), musculation (muscular
training), studio de santé (health studio), équilibre (bal-
ance), nutrition.
Key words for food stores included alimentation (food),
dépanneur (convenience stores), produce market, gro-
cery store, specialty market, grocery, megamarket, super-
marché (supermarket), aliments naturels (natural
foods), vitamin, herbal products, health food, chaîne
d'alimentation (food store chain), épiciers détaillants
(food retailer), fruiterie (fruit and vegetable store/mar-
ket), patisserie (pastry shop), boulangerie (bakery),
boucherie (butcher shop/meat market), poissonerie
(fish market), marché d'alimentation (food store), from-
agerie (cheese shop), pâtes alimentaires (pasta), biscui-
terie (cookie/biscuit shop), épicerie fine (gourmet food
store), and chains such as Provigo, Marché Métro, Lob-
law, Sobeys, IGA, Costco, Axep, Super C, Richelieu, Maxi
et cie, Inter-marché, Couche-tard, Dépan-escompte,
Dépanneurs 7 Jours.


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Other titles in the Dover Books Explaining Science series:
Lasers & Holography an Introduction To Cohe 2ND Editionby Winston E Kock
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments:
As the words holo (complete) and gram (message) connote, the hologram captures the entire message of a scene in all its visual properties, including the realism of three dimensions. It involves the simple process of photographically recording the pattern formed by two interfering sets of light waves, one of these sets being a reference wave. With the introduction of lasers to holography in 1963, real advances in the development of holography began to take place.
Dr. Kock's lucid introduction to lasers and holography has now been revised and updated for a second edition. It begins with a clear discussion of wave patterns and coherence. Then the development of lasers is summarized, along with the phenomenon of wave diffraction. Finally, the important subjects of zone plates and the properties of holograms are skillfully described. A new, concluding chapter brings the story up to the present, with a survey of recent advances in such areas as viewing holograms, hologram computer memories, liquid surface holography, synthetic-aperture radar and sonar, large new lasers, fiber optics, etc.
Using language that can be readily understood by high school and junior high school students, Dr. Kock has written a brief, yet authoritative volume that should satisfy anyone's curiosity about this burgeoning field. The remarkable discoveries that have already occurred are only a prelude to an even more remarkable future. 84 illustrations, including 8 new to this edition. New preface. Suggested (1981) additional reading. Index.
Accessible, illustrated introduction covers wave patterns and coherence, summarizes the development of lasers and the phenomenon of wave diffraction, and describes zone plates and properties of holograms. 1981 edition.
Sound introduction to burgeoning field,expanded (1981) for second edition. 84 illus.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Holograms as Wave Patterns
Properties of waves.
Wave uniformity
Making a hologram.
A photographic grating.
A photographic zone plate.
The complete hologram process.
The hologram of a scene.
Chapter 2. Coherence
Frequency coherence.
Frequency stability.
Spatial coherence.
Coherent waves from small sources.
A microwave hologram.
A real acoustic image.
The extremely short wavelengths of light.
Chapter 3. Lasers
The first laser.
A water wave analogy.
The two-step process.
Energy conservation with reflectors.
Reflectors and spatial coherence.
Energy concentration.
Gas lasers.
Reflectors and resonators.
The natural line width.
Coherence length.
Semiconductor lasers.
Chapter 4. Wave Diffraction
Diffraction by a slit.
The near field.
Diffraction by two slits.
Diffraction by multiple slits.
Multiple slit gratings and photographic gratings.
Refraction by prisms.
A prism grating.
A double-prism grating.
Volume effects.
Dependence of diffraction on wavelength.
Diffraction by a knife edge.
Diffraction by a disk.
Disks and zone plates.
Chapter 5. Zone Plates
The classical zone plate.
Zone plates as negative lenses.
Zone plates with areas interchanged.
Offset zone plates.
Offset holograms.
Zone plates as lenses.
Volume zone plates.
Standing wave patterns.
Lattice reflectors.
Reflection zone plates.
Chapter 6. Properties of Holograms
Three-dimensional realism.
Holograms and photographs.
Parallax and lens action.
A stereo hologram.
Focused-image holography.
Reconstruction with a small portion of a hologram.
Pseudoscopy in the real image of a hologram.
Image inversion.
Single wavelength nature of holograms.
Requirements of film properties.
Information content.
Holograms and coherent radar.
Acoustic holograms.
Chapter 7. Recent Developments
Viewing holograms.
The Museum of Holography.
"White light or "rainbow" holograms."
Hologram computer memories.
Liquid surface holography.
Synthetic-aperture radar and sonar.
New lasers.
Wires of glass.
Lasers in the military.
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Format Maps
Results 1 - 1 of 1
Refined by:Original Format: Maps Remove Subject: Landowners Remove Subject: Election Districts Remove Contributor: Snedecor, V. Gayle Remove
Snedecor's map of Hale County, Alabama.
Shows landowners' names and numbers and names of precincts. "Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1870 by V. Gayle Snedecor in the Clerks Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Alabama." Includes inset of Greensboro with index to points of interest. LC Land ownership maps, 3 Available also through the Library of Congress Web ...
- Contributor: Snedecor, V. Gayle (Victoria Gayle) - Snedecor, V. Gayle
- Original Format: Maps
- Date: 1870


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Monday, May 9, 2005
© Copyright 2015 Clayton News Daily
By Ed BrockSome extremely youthful faces greeted customers at the British Airways ticket counter last week. What they lacked in experience they more than made up for in enthusiasm as they tagged bags and, working together, wrestled the heavy suitcases onto the conveyor belt that would carry them to the airplane. They were the children and grandchildren of British Airways employees, there to spend a day seeing what their mothers and grandmothers do on the job and to learn about the place they do it, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. George and Susan Morton, on their way home to Northern Ireland, were most amused and impressed. "They're very good," George Morton said. The six children were the first to participate in British Airways' "Bring Your Child to Work Day." Along with learning the fine art of checking baggage, they spent the day touring the airport, visiting the control tower, seeing the airport's fire trucks and watching a demonstration of the U.S. Customs Service's "Beagle Patrol." "We have an entire day of activities planned," said British Airways Customer Service Agent Jacqueline Irby-Lee, who coordinated the tour. Her 5-year-old daughter, Alexandria Lee, was part of the tour. The day culminated in a tour of the cockpit of a British Airways jet. "This will be a great opportunity for the children to spend time with their parents and learn about aviation and how an airport is operated," said Joe Xenakis, customer service manager for British Airways' operations at Hartsfield-Jackson. "They will also learn lifelong values that will serve them well, like work ethics and responsibility." For 11-year-old Lauren Cole, the oldest of the six, the highlight of the tour was the control tower. "I've never seen one before," Cole said. Cole said she'd been to see her grandmother, Customer Service Agent Mary Troyer, on the job before, but she'd never been behind the scenes as she was last Thursday. Troyer said her granddaughter stops by whenever she flies somewhere, but she was looking forward to last week's visit even more. "Lauren gave up soccer today to come," Troyer said. For Customer Service Agent Terry Heinberg's grandson, 5-year-old Travis Rambert, the best thing was the fire truck. He proudly announced that fact to a Transportation Security Administration agent as the group was on its way to see Piper, a member of the "Beagle Patrol." "He loves children," Customs Canine Officer Sandy Seward said. After greeting the group Seward asked for a volunteer to help her with the demonstration. She had no shortage of volunteers. The children looked on with awe as Piper searched through a collection of luggage and found the one containing oranges that, if a passenger was bringing them through from another country, would be contraband. As the children gathered around to pet Piper, a beagle/blue tick hound mix, Seward told them that Piper was 5 years old. "I'm five, too," Travis announced. Also on the tour were 10-year-old Shea Zuber and her 9-year-old sister, Haley Zuber, and 6-year-old Megan Bailey. Xenakis said British Airways plans to make "Bring Your Child to Work Day" an annual event for local British Airways employees. "We are a company made up of global citizens trying to educate our children to work and live in a world village," Xenakis said. "Air transportation and global trade are a major part of that. We hope to instill that in the children."
More like this story
- Beagles prevent banned products from entering country ( September 3, 2009 )
- 'I like to come to work everyday, and everyday is different' ( October 5, 2005 )
- Dedication to travelers honored at Hartsfield-Jackson ( October 21, 2007 )
- British Airways cargo service lands in Atlanta ( November 11, 2011 )
- British Airways cargo service lands in Atlanta ( November 11, 2011 )


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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
Saving Afghanistan's archaeological sites
The world's largest producer of carbon emissions finally appears to listen to growing protests over
01 Aug 2014 11:43 GMT | Environment, China, Pollution, Climate Change
After decades of tension and hostility between the two nations, has change finally come to US-Cuba relations?
As the Baku games close, we examine the challenges facing journalists; plus, Angola, Portugal and 'reverse colonialism'.
Media, Europe, Azerbaijan
How Brazil's football legend turned every Corinthians' match into a political meeting for democracy.
Politics, Football, Latin America
The ICC chief prosecutor discusses Sudan's president escaping justice in South Africa and alleged war crimes in Gaza.
Politics, ICC, South Africa


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International News
Discovering Your Creative Potential Online Workshop Starts July 11
The next GlideWing online workshop with Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, "Awakening the Sacred Arts: Discovering Your Creative Potential," will be held July 11–Aug. 9, 2015. Learn and practice from your own home, at your own schedule, with personal guidance from Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, founder and spiritual director of Ligmincha Institute. more . . .
Free Live Webcast on Dream Yoga Set for June 27
Join Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche on your computer June 27 for a free live webcast on the topic of "Dream Yoga." more . . .
Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche's June/July 2015 Schedule
Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche, founder and spiritual director of Ligmincha Institute, is offering teachings in Berkeley, California and Charlottesville, Virginia (USA) during June and July, along with monthly sessions of a free yearlong Internet course on Soul Retrieval. He also is offering online courses through Ligmincha Learning and GlideWing. more . . .
Online Five Elements Course Begins July 3
Ligmincha Learning is pleased to offer a six-week online course, "Introduction to the Five Elements: Healing with Form, Energy and Light," July 3–Aug. 14, 2015. more . . .
Prayers and Funds Requested for Those Affected by Nepal Earthquake
More than 8,000 people have been reported dead in the massive 7.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Nepal on April 25. A second earthquake struck Nepal on May 12. Ligmincha International Board Chair Rob Patzig suggests how sangha and friends can offer prayers and financial support. more . . .


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Original recipe yields 20 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
I made this cake for the guys in my office on St. Patrick's Day. It was a hit! I did adapt it somewhat to make it a little lighter. I used 4 eggs, 1/3 cup Becel oil, 1/2 cup milk, 1/2 cup whi...
I made this cake for a group of friends. It was delicious!! One of the best things about it besides the flavor is that you SHOULD make it a day or two before you serve it. It only gets moister.
This is a great cake! SO much better the day after, so plan ahead. I used pecans instead of walnuts - just a personal preference. I was given this recipe by a friend, and it said to reserve 1...


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Win great prizes from the world of film.
Cannes 2014: girls found and lost – Girlhood and Captives
Céline Sciamma hones her art with the "near-perfect" Girlhood – and Atom Egoyan returns to form with the grim fable Captives, finds Nick James.
Nick James
Friday 16 May 2014
With the new Godzilla film and our rerelease of Yasujiro Ozu's An Autumn Afternoon out in cinemas on the same day, UK audiences are presented with a choice that is decades old in Japanese cinema: arthouse humanism or action and spectacle?
Jasper Sharp
Friday 16 May 2014
The bottom line: behind the scenes of Film Finances
A look into the world of Film Finances, a linchpin of the UK film industry that has helped bring some of British cinema's greatest films to the screen, including Dr No, Billy Liar, The Wicker Man, and the films of Mike Leigh.
Nathalie Morris
Friday 16 May 2014
Mali's brutal jihadists are depicted with oblique defiance in this eloquent, complex and even compassionate j'accuse from Abderrahmane Sissako, says Geoff Andrew.
Geoff Andrew
Thursday 15 May 2014
With its heartbreaking story of life moving on, Yasujiro Ozu's final film before his death, An Autumn Afternoon, ranks among his very best. Which other directors bowed out with masterpieces?
Samuel Wigley
Thursday 15 May 2014
Cannes 2014: savouring Mr. Turner
Mike Leigh's biopic of the great Romantic painter is a wickedly gruff late-life tragicomedy and class critique, says Isabel Stevens.
Isabel Stevens
Thursday 15 May 2014
Great British films celebrated on new Royal Mail stamps
The Royal Mail commemorates British cinema classics with a new set of 10 stamps, including Lawrence of Arabia and 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Wednesday 14 May 2014
Cannes 2014: Grace of Monaco and the thorny art of the opening gala
Contra the Monaco royal family's apprehensions, this year's festival opener is less a farce, more a "stiff, moribund piece of soft-focus hagiography… for lovers of regal camp," reports Jonathan Romney.
Jonathan Romney
Wednesday 14 May 2014
New films by John Boorman, Mike Leigh and Ken Loach, alongside some exciting debuts, head the UK lineup at this year's Cannes Film Festival.
Samuel Wigley
Wednesday 14 May 2014
Cannes 2014: ne plus ultra and no backing down
Can the festival change with the times, asks Nick James?
Nick James
Wednesday 14 May 2014
Win great prizes from the world of film.
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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Audio | Arcade
Undisputed Champion
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He did sort of apologized after when he found out he outweighed me by that much. My coach told me he wanted to step in and punch the guy in the head lol.
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I've taken plenty of ass whoopings in the gym. No big deal...learn from it and move on.
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i think we've all been there..anyone who competes knows about those slices of humble pie sparring different styles/experience levels
used to take my asswoopings when i was younger, now im the one dishing em out(mostly)
SRR by Triangle Theory
Join Date: Jun 2004
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This just occured to me. You say that the guy has 20+lbs on you yet is eaqually as fast as you. This would lead me to believe that you are rather slow with your fists.
Try this- Get 20-$1 dollar bills. Get a friend and have this guy hold 1 of those dollar bills in his hand, his hand in a fist with 50% of the bill poking out from the top. Have him hold his fist out full arm length.
Get into your fighting stance and tell him to pull his hand away before you can snatch that dollar from his fist. tell him that every dollar that he can keep you from snatching out of his hand he can keep.
Do it 10x with your jab hand and then do it 10x with your power hand.
If you want your money back you'll be fast. If you want to land a blow on this cat than obviousley your going to need to be faster.
Be sure to turn these actions over, meaning to start from position and to turn the fist/palm over cupping over the dollar/fist and then bringing it immedately back to position.
Once you get the feel of that then get the guy a step away from you and add a step forward, you gotta work your hands with your feet. the front foot lands at the exact same time your punch lands.
Sounds crazy but it will make you faster...........Rockin'
Undisputed Champion
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Also I was planning for a light spar because my fight is this coming friday. Was totally not ready for it. Thanks for the advice tho rockin!!
Last edited by johncods; 10-03-2012 at 07:32 PM.
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James D. Sachs
|This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2014)
|This article relies too much on references to primary sources. (December 2014)
James D. Sachs (born 1949) is a retired United States Air Force veteran, game artist and game programmer.
Sachs was the lead artist on the groundbreaking Amiga computer game Defender of the Crown from Cinemaware (first published in 1986). He is also the author of the Commodore 64 game Saucer Attack, which was heavily pirated. He called it "the Commodore 64 game everyone had, but no one purchased". He is also the author of the CompuTrainer 3D software, Marine Aquarium simulation screensaver SereneScreen Aquarium, and of the user interfaces and start-up animations of the Amiga CDTV and Amiga CD32.
Some time after finishing development of Defender of the Crown, Sachs began working on a 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea game. Unable to secure the rights for a game based on the Disney film, Sachs instead based his game on the original book by Jules Verne. His game used a custom boot-up routine, as many games of the era did. His work, however, was destroyed by a usually innocuous virus which installed itself in the boot sector of floppy disks. The virus remained hidden until about the fifth soft reboot of the computer, when it revealed itself with a harmless message. However, because of Sach's custom boot routine, the virus destroyed his work on his development disks. After this, Sachs apparently abandoned development of the game.
External links[edit]
- James D. Sachs home page
- James D. Sachs page on MobyGames
- Interview with James D. Sachs
- The same interview in French on Obligement
- The Art of James D. Sachs on Yo Ho Video
- Jim Sachs Interview - June 2009 at the Personal Computer Museum
|This biographical article relating to a computer specialist in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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RECAP: Blue Jays 9, Twins 3
Read the recap of Brendan Kennedy's Jays-Twins blog from Tuesday night's series opener in Minneapolis.
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Recent Honokowai reviews
"Where do I even begin? The unit is an amazing value for the price, located conveniently from pretty much everything, has air conditioning, is kept in fantastic condition; I would definitely want to stay here again the next time I come back to Maui."Guest: Roger Date of Stay: March 2015 Review Submitted: March 31, 2015View listing
"We had a great time in Maui. The condo had everything we needed and more. The bed was very comfortable, the Wifi worked very well and the view was spectacular. Thank you Pam and Jay! We loved it!"Guest: Heather W. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: May 3, 2015View listing
"Truly right on the water!!! We sat on the lanai the entire first day and whale watched...our own personal whale tour. Sea turtles swam right around the rocks shown in the pics. Sunsets from the lanai were fabulous! Amenities were very nice and the condo had everything you need to eat in or dine out. Was very quiet and relaxing....if you want to relax on the water...this is the place! Owners were professional and easy to work with. Will plan to stay here again when in Maui...loved Lahaina Pizza company! This place is excellent and highly recommended."Guest: Roy R. Date of Stay: January 2015 Review Submitted: January 17, 2015View listing
"Amazing Amazing Amazing VIEW from the condo! Super close to the beach! 4 out of 7 mornings we were greeted by sea turtles coming up to the shores, feet away from the condo. Beautiful palm trees! The gorgeous Maui sunset is breathe taking, this condos offers so much. Condo is fully equipped with everything you need and more. Towels, kitchen appliances, plates, grilling utensils, coolers, lounge chairs, bath soaps, EVERYTHING! I love how everything was super clean, and the decoration was so simple and modern. Close to a lot, a few highly rated (on yelp) restaurant across the street, gas station with a ABC Stores 1 block away, fruit stand 1 block away, shops across the stress, and children's park right next door from the complex, with a great access to the beach as well not that you needed since you have your own access. Jannette was a super awesome and super nice, greeted us on the day we checked in and give us so much useful information about the area. Will we return to this condo? OF COURSE, Is a pineapple yellow?! Com'on."Guest: Polly L. Date of Stay: May 2015 Review Submitted: June 11, 2015View listing
Featured Destinations: San Diego Vacation Rentals, Kailua-Kona, Destin Condo Rentals, Key West Vacation Rentals


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Gateways to Democracy An Introduction to American Government (with Aplia Printed Access Card)by Geer, John G.; Schiller, Wendy J.; Segal, Jeffrey A.
Cengage Learning
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GATEWAYS TO DEMOCRACY continues with its framework of "gateways" to help readers conceptualize participation and civic engagement--even democracy itself--with reference to how individuals access the political system. This approach helps readers better see the relevance of government in their lives. GATEWAYS uniquely incorporates policy into a section at the end of each chapter, helping readers better understand the connection between public opinion, policy-making and how public policy applies to their lives. The second edition, complete with 2012 election updates, emphasizes critical thinking by clearly outlining learning outcomes and enhancing learning with self-assessment "Checkpoints" and a clear chapter study plan.


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I like to watch movies and TV series, spending superfluous time on devouring the internet and listening to music. I also enjoy computer games, but don't actually play them a lot lately. I pluck the strings of my bass guitar to relax.
I know how that sounds, but I don't totally confine myself to quarters. Weather permitting I like to bike or take my car out on some of our mountain roads. Sunbathing with a book is great, too, and the night lends itself to stargazing.
I'm fascinated by technology and science, and love expanding my comprehension of the world. Never mind getting lost on Wikipedia every now and then.
Apparently my personality profile is INTJ. I try to be neutral and tend to be a perfectionist, although not obsessively so. I hate masks and am straightforward and honest with everyone.


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GpnmbR150X allele must be present in bone marrow derived cells to mediate DBA/2J glaucoma
- Equal contributors
1 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
3 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
4 Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
5 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
6 Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
BMC Genetics 2008, 9:30 doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-30Published: 10 April 2008
The Gpnmb gene encodes a transmembrane protein whose function(s) remain largely unknown. Here, we assess if a mutant allele of Gpnmb confers susceptibility to glaucoma by altering immune functions. DBA/2J mice have a mutant Gpnmb gene and they develop a form of glaucoma preceded by a pigment dispersing iris disease and abnormalities of the immunosuppressive ocular microenvironment.
We find that the Gpnmb genotype of bone-marrow derived cell lineages significantly influences the iris disease and the elevation of intraocular pressure. GPNMB localizes to multiple cell types, including pigment producing cells, bone marrow derived F4/80 positive antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the iris and dendritic cells. We show that APCs of DBA/2J mice fail to induce antigen induced immune deviation (a form of tolerance) when treated with TGFβ2. This demonstrates that some of the immune abnormalities previously identified in DBA/2J mice result from intrinsic defects in APCs. However, the tested APC defects are not dependent on a mutant Gpnmb gene. Finally, we show that the Gpnmb mediated iris disease does not require elevated IL18 or mature B or T lymphocytes.
These results establish a role for Gpnmb in bone marrow derived lineages. They suggest that affects of Gpnmb on innate immunity influence susceptibility to glaucoma in DBA/2J mice.


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Paul Kahl
Original recipe yields 18 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
This recipe has the potential to be the best lasgna recipe ever. I made two 13x9x3 pans so I didn't have the problem with too much sauce/cheese mixture left over. Since I used the "no boil" lasg...
This recipe is very yummy lasagna. The only suggestion I have is either using two smaller pans or a larger one. Mine not only overflowed, but I couldn't use all that yummy mixture!
This recipe was the best lasagna I've EVER had. I was proud to serve it to our friends across the street. It makes a lot and it's not exactly healthy, but it's delicious.


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Flavor: Oats and Honey with Toasted Coconut
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Oats & Honey with Toasted Coconut 15-pack
Ingredients: Whole grain blend (oats, brown rice, millet, oat flour, buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa), tapioca syrup, dried cane syrup, honey, coconut, canola oil, brown rice syrup, gum acacia, sea salt, Vitamin E (to maintain freshness).
KIND Healthy Grains Oats & Honey with Toasted Coconut bars have a foundation of five super grains sweetened with honey and toasted coconut. Each bar has 22g of whole grains and is an good source of fiber.
KIND worked tirelessly to reach a perfect granola bar texture, delivering a unique combination of chewy and crunchy, so you never have to choose between the two.
Inexpensive, simple and gluten-free, but not a whole lot of flavor. I would rather spend a little more on a bar I enjoy more, like regular Kind bars.Published 2 days ago by Vizzini
The seller must make sure that the expiration date is longer than 2 months. I love the bars, but I might not get them again.Published 3 days ago by sarah moglewer
Oh, my! I love these bars! I try to watch my calories and bad sugars and yet get the good fats and proteins. Read morePublished 3 days ago by tndee
These aren't bad, but aren't great. The regular KIND nut bars are better.Published 7 days ago by tom alphin


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Eagles' two-time All-America linebacker gets credit for losing 2009, 2010 seasons at Eastern
March 6, 2014 | Vol. 117 -- No. 46
EWU linebacker Ronnie Hamlin will return for a sixth season after receiving a special exemption from the NCAA following seasons lost to injury in 2009 and 2010.
Ronnie Hamlin and that trademark hair flowing out of his helmet will return for another season with the Eastern Washington University football team.
Nearing the school record with a current career total of 361 tackles in 40 games, the Eagles' linebacker and Buck Buchanan Award candidate will return for the 2014 season after recently being given a sixth year by the NCAA.
The extra year of eligibility replaces two seasons wiped out because of injuries. He is a 2009 graduate of Timberline High School in Lacey, and earned second team All-America and All-Big Sky honors in 2013 for the Eagles.
Eastern announced its 2014 recruiting class a month ago, and on April 4 Hamlin and his teammates will begin spring practice. But Eastern head coach Beau Baldwin is as excited as ever in March to announce the addition of a player voted by his teammates as a co-captain in 2013.
"He might be the best recruit in the class, he's a special player," Baldwin said. "It's great to have him back from a talent standpoint and a leadership standpoint as a team captain."
Hamlin is third in school history with 361 tackles, with the only players ahead of him Greg Belzer (399 from 1997-00) and J.C. Sherritt (432 from 2007-10). Hamlin is just 71 tackles from Sherritt, currently with the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos.
"He brings so much to our program on and off the field - 365 days a year - and he does things right," Baldwin said. "It's neat to see a decision like this made for such a quality player and person like Ronnie."
Hamlin originally hurt his left knee Sept. 2, 2009, just three days before EWU began its season. He had surgery to repair the anterior cruciate ligament on Oct. 21, but then tore the ACL again during spring practice in April, 2010. He had surgery on June 17, then didn't hit the practice field again until spring of 2011.
He finished with 85 tackles his first season, 136 in 2012 and 140 last season. This past season, he finished 12th in the voting for the Buck Buchanan Award presented by The Sports Network to the top defensive player in FCS.
"We're anxious to see the snow melt away and we'll hit April rolling," Baldwin said. "The players are ready for it."
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Australia Escorted Touring
With so much to see there's no better way to do it. Sit back, relax in air conditioned luxury and watch Australia unfold before your eyes. Enjoy the sights and make new friends as you experience the best of Australia.
Whichever escorted tour you choose, professional guides see that everything goes smoothly, they make the sights come to life with insight and commentary along the way. From the real Outback Australia to the famous attractions, you won't miss a thing.
For tour dates and availability call Freedom Australia on 0844 567 8050 or
Why not take advantage of our Free Planning Service
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call 0844 567 8050
East Coast Explorer
Sydney | Gold & Nature Coast | Fraser & Daydream| Cairns
A fascinating 1500 mile journey of discovery along Australia's Pacific coastline, including a 2-night island stay and plenty of land activities.
Sale Price from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Outback Safari
Red Centre | Tennant Creek | Katherine | Kakadu | Darwin
An awe inspiring journey through the heart of Australia incorporating some of the country's most recognisable and beautiful natural wonders.
Sale Price from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Untamed Kimberley
Darwin | Katherine | Kununurra | Halls Creek | Broome
An epic 11 day journey through the National Parks, outback towns and towering gorges of the stunning Kimberley Region in Australia's undiscovered North West.
Sale Price from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Australia Adventure
Great Ocean Rd | Red Centre | Top End | Cairns | Sydney
An incredible 19 day Australian experience visiting all the cities of our Australian Icons tour, plus Adelaide, Kangaroo Island and more.
19 day Escorted Tour from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Outback Adventure
Adelaide | The Flinders | Coober Pedy | Red Centre | Darwin
Travel from Adelaide to Darwin along the popular Explorers Way taking in the magnificent sights of the Flinders Ranges, Coober Pedy, Kings Canyon, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Kakadu National Park and many more on the way.
Sale Price from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
New Zealand Discoverer
Sydney | Milford Sound | Auckland | Rotorua | Christchurch
See New Zealand in style on a 23 day cruise and touring holiday. Your relaxing cruise aboard the Celebrity Solstice will take you from Sydney to Melbourne and across the Tasman Sea to the stunning coastal waters of New Zealand.
23 day Coach & Cruise from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Camping Adventure
Top End Adventure - from Darwin
Darwin | Litchfield & Kakadu National Parks
Wake up to the sights and sounds of the Tropical North on a 3 day camping adventure to Katherine Gorge and the stunningly beautiful Kakadu National Park.
3 day Camping Adventure from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Red Centre Safari - from Alice Springs
Alice Springs | Ayers Rock | Kings Creek Station
Discover the magic of Ayers Rock, The Olgas and Kings Canyon on a 3 day camping adventure through Australia's amazing Red Centre.
3 day Camping Adventure from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
South West Secrets - From Perth
Perth | Esperance | Cape Le Grand | Stirling Ranges
Uncover the natural wonders of the scenic South West corner of Australia - bush camping under the stars in National Parks, swimming from pristine beaches and climbing through the canopy of ancient forests.
6 day Camping Adventure from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Kimberley Crossing - from Darwin
Darwin | Bungle Bungles | Gibb River Road | Broome
A 9 day 4WD outback bush camping adventure through the remote North West to discover some of Australia's most spectacular natural scenery.
9 day Camping adventure from
For advice or to make a booking
call 0844 567 8050
Top quality touring in Australia
Freedom Australia are proud to work with Australia's No.1 tour operator, acclaimed for their high quality and value for money. Tour highlights are mentioned in each description but there will be many more surprises to delight you along the way.
Combining Tours and Other Activities
At Freedom Australia we offer a range of guided tours from 19 day Australia Adventures to 3 day camping safaris. All can be combined with city stays, rail journeys or just chilling out by the beach in a holiday individually planned for you.
Prices shown are per person base on two sharing double or twin rooms. On some Australia escorted tours single travellers can avoid single supplements by sharing with someone of the same gender - ask for details.
So much to see
Touring is a great way to take in the highlights of the country and enjoy the fabulous scenery in between. Our drivers and guides are Australia experts who delight in sharing their knowledge. As well as the facts and figures, they provide a fascinating insight into the Australia culture and way of life.
Many tours include a chance to meet native wildlife and to learn about the unique flora of the country. Our tour company also works with indigenous communities and many of our Australia tours include an opportunity to experience Aboriginal customs and traditions.
Your comfort is also a prime consideration. Our modern coaches are fully air conditioned, with panoramic windows and reclining seats. On longer routes there are on board restrooms and free wi-fi to help you keep in touch.
Hotels and Transfers
The hotels we use are selected by the tour company for their comfort, location and facilities. All rooms are en suite and there is often a pool and guest laundry, as well as a bar and restaurant. The companies we work with include Crowne Plaza, Novotel, Vibe, Mercure and resorts such as Daydream Island, Ayers Rock and Cradle Mountain.
A hearty breakfast is included every day, as well as some lunches and dinners with your fellow travellers, depending on the type and length of your Australia tour. There are also some Highlight Dinners to celebrate the local culture and cuisine. Australia is renowned for food and wine and you will not be disappointed
With all our Australia escorted tours we have included free transfers between the airport and your hotel. And your Freedom Australia consultant will be pleased to arrange extra nights at the start or end of the tour to give you more time to explore the cities.
Departures and Availability
Your consultant will be able to check the departure dates and availability of any tour. Some independent tours and city stays go every day. Your Freedom consultant can also build your tour into your personal holiday itinerary, adding flights, stopovers and anything else you require.
Call FREEDOM AUSTRALIA today for your touring holiday Downunder.
Australia Experts
- Expert staff who have travelled in Australia
- Friendly advice and professional service
- Make the most of your time and budget
- Local agents on hand at all times
Designed for you
- Holidays designed around your requirements
- Pick and choose the places you want to visit
- Wide range of twin and multi- centre holidays
- One consultant to make all your arrangements
Best Value
- Tailor made service at package tour price
- Breakfast included in most locations
- Free nights and upgrades at many top resorts
- Book now with a low deposit and pay later
Peace of Mind
- Part of Freedom Destinations, a leading UK travel company
- Independent and established for over 15 years
- Your holiday is fully ABTA and ATOL protected
- High customer satisfaction rate


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Linux Journal Announces "Really, We Can Count!" Contest
One random winner will be chosen from all correct submissions and will receive a free, lifetime subscription to Linux Journal magazine.
"Printing errors are bound to happen now and then, so we've decided to make the most of this one," commented Carlie Fairchild, VP of Marketing & Sales. "Plus, it gives us a great excuse to run a fun contest for our readers."
All entries should be sent via e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com with "Really, We Can Count!" as the subject. The contest deadline is May 31st, 2003. For more information about the contest send an e-mail to email@example.com.
About Linux JournalLinux Journal is the premier Linux magazine, dedicated to serving the Linux community and promoting the use of Linux world-wide. A monthly periodical, Linux Journal is currently celebrating its ninth year of publication. Linux Journal may be purchased at all major bookstores and newsstands and may also be ordered by calling 1-888-66-LINUX, sending e-mail to email@example.com or visiting http://www.linuxjournal.com/. For additional information about Linux Journal send e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
About the PublisherSSC Publications is an established leader in the Linux, Open Source and UNIX fields, publishing best-selling books, reference cards and e-zines in these fields since 1983. SSC is headquartered in Seattle, Washington and has been operating since 1968. Visit SSC on the web at http://www.ssc.com/.
Media Relations Contact:
Rebecca Cassity, Marketing ManagerSpecialized Systems Consultants, Inc. (SSC)PO Box 55549, Seattle, WA, 98155Phone: +1 206-297-8653 / Fax: +1 email@example.com
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Rebecca Cassity is the Director of Sales for Linux Journal
Geek Guides
Practical (and free!) books for the most technical people on the planet.
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- Build a Private Cloud for Less Than $10,000!
Plus many more.
Trending Topics
|One Port to Rule Them All!
|Jul 06, 2015
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|Jun 30, 2015
- Privacy Is Personal
- PHP for Non-Developers
- July 2015 Issue of Linux Journal: Mobile
- Linux Kernel 4.1 Released
- Secure Server Deployments in Hostile Territory
- Django Templates
- Comprehensive Identity Management and Audit for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- A Code Boot Camp for Underprivileged Kids
- Attack of the Drones
- The AtoMiC Toolkit!


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Advanced Warfare's Gun Camouflages, Weapons, Attachments, Skills and Maps Leaked
Want to know what weapons, gun camouflages, Exo abilities, maps and killstreaks you can get in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare? We got you covered.
Want to know what weapons, gun camouflages, Exo abilities, maps and killstreaks you can get in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare? We got you covered.
Starting in November, Microsoft is getting a jump on the holidays by reducing the price of the Kinect-less Xbox One to $349. Yes, that includes the bundles.
The Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare experience will mean an update to the Call of Duty app. Expect to see a lot of the focus shift to Clans.
The Lawton Wolverines remained unbeaten in 6AII-2 football action Thursday night with a 72-27 win over Eisenhower.
Michael Condrey, Co-Founder of Sledgehammer Games, is going to drop some knowledge on you about the scorestreak upgrades in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare.
Lindsay Lohan, has broken out the big guns in her lawsuit against Take-Two Interactive with a new, 67-page-long complaint, objecting to a Grand Theft Auto V character she believes was made in her likeness without her permission.
If there is ever a documentary about the effects of kids playing Call of Duty online, this kid will be the star. It should be legal to slap strangers kids.
Less than one month away from the launch of Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, we have learned that the PS3 and PS4's digital versions are now cross-buy.
The CW's 'Arrow' will return for its third season this week, joined by its new spinoff super-series 'The Flash,' and cementing DC's reign over superhero TV for the foreseeable future. The vigilante archer drama closed out its second season on an exceptional high, but what does season 3 hold in its quiver? Get ready for 'Arrow''s season 3 return with our comprehensive guide to everything we know about the new episodes, including new characters, crossovers, conflicts and more!
A brand new mission for Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare has been revealed, and this new scene takes us, of all places, into oncoming traffic.
Modern Warfare's infamous Pipeline map is getting a futuristic makeover in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare.
Four hackers have been apprehended for stealing software and data from the likes of Microsoft, Epic Games, Valve, Zombie Studios, Xbox and the U.S. Army.


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1 - Northwestern Illinois
2 - Northeastern Illinois
3 - East Central Illinois
4 - West Central Illinois
5 - Southern Illinois
Anderson Lake State Fish & Wildlife - Closed to camping and boat use, but is open for bank fishing
Banner Marsh State Fish & Wildlife Area - East point entrance is closed; all interior roads to the shelter house, boat launch and children's pond are under water.
Big River State Forest– Lower campground is closed – 15 camp sites.
Henderson Creek Access Area – Due to flooding and high water this area is closed until further notice.


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Adam Sandler's Happy Madison to Produce 'Summer School' Remake (Exclusive)
Paramount has been trying to revisit the 1980s comedy since 2005, but the project has been stuck in development detention.
Happy Madison, the production banner run by Adam Sandler and Jack Giarraputo, is in negotiations to come aboard to produce Paramount's planned remake of Summer School.
School was a light 1987 comedy directed by Carl Reiner that starred Mark Harmon as a gym teacher forced to cancel his summer plans and teach an English class filled with oddballs and rebels. The film also featured a young Courtney Thorne-Smith.
Paramount has been trying to remake the film since 2005, but the project has been stuck in development detention. Jordan Kerner, the producer behind The Smurfs and Charlotte's Web, initially was backing a version that would have made the teacher hard-nosed (as opposed to Harmon's laid-back character) and squaring off against one mischievous student.
Another incarnation, this one around 2010, involved Star Trek writer-producers Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci.
By bringing aboard Sandler and Giaraputo, the studio is signaling that it hopes to bring a more comedic focus to the project. Sandler is not attached to star in the project, which soon will hire writers.
E-mail: email@example.com
Twitter: @Borys_Kit
Never miss a story. Stay up-to-date with THR's Daily Headlines.
Must Reads
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Paul Rudd and Marvel's Kevin Feige Reveal 'Ant-Man's' Saga, from Director Shuffle to Screenplay Surgery to Studio's "Phase Three" Plans
HBO's Real-Life Game of Thrones: The Fight to Stay Rich, on Top and Score Bill Simmons
Taraji P. Henson, Viola Davis and Drama Actress A-List Tackle Race, Sexism, Aging in Hollywood
Lena Dunham, Amy Schumer and Comedy Actress A-List in Raunchy, R-Rated Roundtable
Bob Odenkirk, David Oyelowo and Drama Actor A-List on Oscar Snubs, Bad Scripts and Getting Ignored by Robert Redford


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Feeling Desperate
The weeks pass and the big storm continues to avoid AK. The temps are right for something good but the clear days persist. Mat and I are still getting out but our tolerance for walking over shitty boulders is starting to wear thin. We've taken to just touring for the sake of scoping terrain but are Jonesing for some real turns.


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Originally written on BlackSportsOnline | Last updated 11/25/13
Vikings didn't even give him a chance to tell his side of the story. He is currently still in jail, but that didn't stop the Vikings from releasing him. Minnesota cornerback A.J. Jefferson was released by the Vikings on Monday, just hours after being arrested on a domestic assault complaint in Hennepin Co. (Minn.). Jefferson was booked at 6:57 a.m. CT and is currently being held without bail, according to Hennepin Co.online records. The girlfriend claims according to TMZ that Jefferson choked her during an argument.
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Grand Canyon North Rim Toroweap Vacation Hike Backpack Rim2Rim Hwy-67 Photos Weather
Grand Canyon Fauna - Animals
The Grand Canyon is a vast place and as a result hosts a large variety of animals within her boundaries, including several species that are native.
The California Condor - The Grand Canyon is a safe haven for endangered species, such as the California Condor, to live and attempt to save themselves from extinction. The California Condor, a magnificent bird, with a wing span of almost ten feet, is living in the Grand Canyon. Even with the effort of the last years to revive this species there are few birds living. The California Condor has been listed as an endangered species since 1967. Reintroduction of the birds in Arizona began in 1996. Condor #305 was the first wild hatched condor in Arizona in the last century. In 2005, nearly 250 condors were living both in the wild and in captivity. 45 of the birds were in Arizona, including three new chicks, but only one of the chicks were at the Grand Canyon.
Kaibab Squirrel - The Kaibab squirrel is a subspecies of the Abert's squirrel, which is found on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. The Kaibab squirrel prefers high elevation and ponderosa pine forests and is unique to the North Rim of the Grand Canyon and as such, this subspecies is not found anywhere else in the world. The mammal makes its home out of twigs and pine needles, and they eat fungi, fruit and acorns, seeds, bark and the twigs of trees. The ponderosa pine trees are home to these little creatures, and the animal enjoys the seed of the pine cones.
Bighorn Sheep - The desert bighorn sheep the occupy the Grand Canyon were common at one time, but no longer. Their population has been severely impacted by man, but those threats are far less within the confines of the National Park. These creatures are magnificent and regal and a landmark of many photographs of the Grand Canyon. The juvenile is able to walk and climb well within days of being born, but this does not save them from having a high mortality rate. They are likely to succumb as prey and are less able to fend of disease. The habit of bighorn to spend time along cliff walls keeps them safer from most prey, but not mountain lions. Life on a cliff wall is never sure, and on occasion the sure footed bighorn do fall. The horns of the bighorn sheep continue to grow throughout their lives and are not shed. The males horns grow to a full curl and the females are only a half curl. The Bighorn are herbivores and feed on grasses and other flora in the park.
Reptiles - Reptiles are common in the desert. The environment supports interesting reptiles such as the gila monster, chuckwalla and the common king snake. A chuckwalla is a large lizard with loose folds of skin around its upper body and is active by day. When this animal is threatened it will retreat to a narrow crevice and wedge itself between the sides, gulping air and pumping itself up as a form of protection. The Gila monster is another lizard that is active during the day. It is the largest and the only venomous lizard in the United States. It ranges, in length, from eighteen to twenty-four inches. The venom of the Gila monster is painful but it rarely causes death. The common kingsnake is a black snake with white bands This snake will bite other snakes and lizards behind the head then coil around them.
Directions to the Grand Canyon North Rim - From Zion National Park, travel SR-9 to Mt. Carmel Jct., then turn south on US-89 to Kanab. There is only one stop light in Kanab; this is where US-89 changes to SR-89A. Fredonia, Arizona is just a few miles away, across the Utah - Arizona border. Take SR-89A to Jacob lake (36 miles), then take SR-67 to the Grand Canyon North Rim park entrance.
North Rim Grand Canyon Location - The North Rim of the Grand Canyon is 85 miles from Mount Carmel Junction, which is located on the east side of Zion National Park. Many who visit the National Parks of Southern Utah add the North Rim of the Grand Canyon to their travel plans and those visiting the North Rim of the Grand Canyon often visit Zion National Park.
Grand Canyon North Rim, Arizona
History of the Thunderbird
Best Western
East Zion Lodge
Mileage from
Stay in the heart of the parks, Mount Carmel Junction, and visit the treasures of the Southwest and Utah.
Site Map
Grand Canyon
North Rim Grand Canyon Information
Ranger Programs
North Rim Trails
This is my new favorite quote:
"I don't know who Tanya Milligan is, but I mean www.zionnational-park.com
It's a better site than the NPS's anyway."
Written by the authors of the book: Favorite Hikes in and around Zion National Park
Contact: Email
Zion History


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Bradley Jay
Bradley Jay is the host of WBZ's Jay Talking, weekday overnights from midnight to 5am on WBZ NewsRadio 1030. It's a talk show for everybody. You don't have to be a political junkie. You don't have to be a sports fanatic. You don't have to be an expert in anything. All you have do is care about the daily dilemmas that we all face as New Englanders. IT IS THE TALK SHOW FOR THE REST OF US. It is meant for regular folks who want to get their views out to other regular folks.
Bradley's unique background and dedication to his craft make him one of the freshest voices in talk radio today.
He grew up in very rural New Hampshire. Bradley trained and worked as a surgical technician before enrolling at the University of New Hampshire. There he studied communication, economics, and philosophy, and was involved with WUNH radio. He moved to Boston immediately after graduation and got his first-big city radio experience at WZBC, Boston College. Shortly thereafter Mr. Jay landed a job at the top rock station in Boston, WBCN and was honored by being chosen to do the final show ever at "The Rock Of Boston. Memorable events in Bradley's career include broadcasting live from Moscow, interviewing celebrities at the Grammy Awards, writing for the Atlantic Monthly Online, and making music.
Bradley also hosts, shoots, and edits a weekly man-on-the-street Jay Talking video featuring face to face responses to the question of the week.
The Boston Music Scene: How The City Molds Its Music
We know there's something special about Boston music. In part nine of The Boston Music Scene series, Bradley Jay seeks to discover the elusive reasons for this.
Joe And Bradley In The Morning: An Upbeat Way To Start The Day
Today it's sports cars, champagne, and how to become a hermit.
The Boston Music Scene: The Difference Between Jazz And Blues
Jazz and blues music are truly American art forms, and Boston is a great place to hear both. To help us better understand the genres, Bradley Jay explores the difference between the two in Part 8 of The Boston Music Scene.
The Boston Music Scene: Musical Performance Tips
Bradley Jay talks with local artist singer and Berklee professor Livingston Taylor to glean musical performance tips for part seven of the ten-part series, The Boston Music Scene.
The Boston Music Scene: Making It Musically In Boston
How do modern Boston musicians succeed? Has social media rendered the old industry obsolete? Bradley Jay investigates in part five of The Boston Music Scene.
The Boston Music Scene: Street Performing In The City
You see them on street corners and in T stations, playing for the people passing by. In part four of this series on the Boston Music Scene, WBZ's Bradley Jay talks to area street musicians.
The Boston Music Scene: Country Music In Boston
Country music is gaining more than a foothold in the Boston music scene, as Bradley Jay discovers in part three of this ten-part series, The Boston Music Scene.
The Boston Music Scene: Classical Music In Boston
In the second of his ten-part series, The Boston Music Scene, WBZ's Bradley Jay talks to Boston Pops conductor Keith Lockhart about the challenges of the Independence Day concert, and his relationship with Boston.
The Boston Music Scene: Why We Need Music
WBZ's Bradley Jay kicks off his ten-part series The Boston Music Scene with a look at why music is such an integral part of our lives.
Bradley Jay: 'Muscle Car Foliage Ride. Buckle Up!'
Click play to join us as we blast up to the North Country in one of the coolest cars on the road today.


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Young woman holding her hands to her head
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I have to write a function to sort a given range in VBA in Excel. (Bubble Sort) I have done the following :
Function MySort(M2 As Range)
Dim r As Integer
r = M2.Rows.Count
Dim M1 as range
Dim buffer
For i = 0 To r
For j = i To r
If (M1.Item(i, 0) > M1.Item(j, 0)) Then
buffer = M1.Item(i, 0)
M1.Item(i, 0) = M1.Item(j, 0)
M1.Item(j, 0) = buffer
End If
Next j
Next i
MySort = M1
End Function
Problems :
- it returns "#VALUE"
- I have tried converting the Range into an array
- if I do not cast M2 into M1 the function returns the list unsorted
- I have tried with basis 1 and with basis 0
I think I do have identified the main problem which is highlighted in the following example :
Function TestArray(M1 As Range)
r = M1.Rows.Count
Dim M2 As Range
Dim M3()
ReDim M3(r)
TestArray = M3(0, 0) ' or M2.item(0, 0)
End Function
This function will return "#VALUE".
Why does M2.item(0, 0) return "#VALUE" ? What is the right way to compare two values of the same array / Range ?


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A new wave of immigrants and an ID theft investigation have kept immigration on the front burner, two years after agents raided the Swift Meatpacking plant. Ryan Warner talks with Randy Bangert, Editor of the Greeley Tribune.
Greeley: Two Years After Big Immigration Raid
Apr 5, 2010
npr news
Most Viewed News
News Story
Legal Marijuana: Where The 2016 Presidential Candidates StandBy Sam Brasch
Why Hot Yoga Might Not Burn As Many Calories As You Thought
Hunter S. Thompson's Widow, Anita, Talks About A 'Gonzo' Legacy And Museum
Six 'Wild' Colorado Hot Springs To Soak Up... If You're Willing To Hike
How Much Does A Family Need To Earn To Survive In Your Part Of Colorado?By Megan Verlee


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VIEWS: 8 PAGES: 1 CATEGORY: Childrens Literature POSTED ON: 12/3/2009 Public Domain
The Things People Say (or Do!) Say/Do Possible Alternative Impression 1. Two staff sniggering as What am I wearing to get Don't exhibit behaviour customer/client enters. that reaction?; they're likely to be taken two having a laugh at me; ways. they're not very busy here; sloppy in this department means sloppy service too. 2. "I can't take any more work, Unhelpful; Customer/Client "I'd really love to fit you I'm overloaded". thinks: what about my in, and I appreciate that needs? you're desperate. I can do something for you on Tuesday morning. You'll be the first to know if I can fit it in earlier". 3. "Yeah, can I help?" Unfriendly; sloppy. "Good morning, sir. Nice weather, isn't it? How can I help?" 4. Person walks into Unfriendly; unhelpful; "Good morning. Do you department and ignores aloof. need any help?" customer/client waiting. www.abctrainingsolutions.biz - now uploaded with loads of freebie trainer resources!
Pages to are hidden for
"The-Things-People-Say-(or-Do"Please download to view full document


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Edmunds.com features a complete listing of Chevrolet dealerships in Santa Clara County, making it simple to the find new or used Chevrolet vehicle of your dreams. Compare local dealer prices in Santa Clara County with instant online quotes for Chevrolet car, truck, wagon, SUV, and minivan models. At Edmunds.com car buyers can search a comprehensive network of trusted Chevrolet car dealerships in their region, allowing them to pinpoint the lowest prices at the most convenient location.
Non Display Review Name "JimB at FH-Dailey responded promptly to my Edmunds online quote request with a great first upfront offer for the vehicle I sought sticking to precisel"... Read more Review by: rvnair