text:
Nominations for 2011 Eclipse Community Awards Now Open
The Eclipse Foundation opened nominations for the 2011 Eclipse Community Awards.
The Eclipse Community Awards will showcase nine winners from three categories. Categories include individual (Top Committer, Contributor and Newcomer Evangelist) project (Most Innovative New Feature or Project and Most Open Project) and technology (Best Application, Developer Tool, Mobile Product, Modeling Product). Nominations for these categories can be made by anyone and self-nomination is allowed. However, to nominate an Eclipse individual, project or technology you must login with a Bugzilla account. Nomination period closes on January 28, 2011.
The Individual and Project Award winners are decided on by community votes. Voting will open on January 31, 2011 and close on February 25, 2011. The Technology Award winners are chosen by a group of judges selected from Eclipse-oriented editors and project leaders. All winners will be announced at EclipseCon 2011. A list of past Eclipse winners is also available.
More information on Eclipse and the Eclipse Foundation can be found on the website.
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.
AMD Posts Code for Linux GPU Driver
New release marks the arrival of AMD's unified driver strategy.
30 Percent of New Server Equipment Goes to Cloud Infrastructure
A new study by IDC charts big changes in the big hardware market.


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In the Heart of the Sea
Get On Up
Curious George
My Girl
Kindergarten Cop
Katy Perry: Part of Me
J. Edgar
Tower Heist
Cowboys & Aliens
The Dilemma
Robin Hood
Angels & Demons
All Brian Grazer photos
All Brian Grazer films
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2014 FANDANGO MOVIES.

subset: commoncrawl


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From April,17 for IPTV subscribers are available new sports channels "Setanta Sports" and "Setanta Sports +"
IDC offers comfortable access to the Internet for home users by technology ADSL and FTTx.
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text:
Projet 45 Montreal DIY
Created November  2, 2011 by Todd Henderson
The Aviva Community Fund has helped raise:$5,568,486.00
Congratulations to all our Winners. See Winners
Created November  2, 2011 by Todd Henderson
This action is not optimized for mobile devices. For the best possible experience, please use a personal computer.Cancel Do it anyway


text:
PRLog - July 23, 2014 - MINNEAPOLIS -- Freedom Radio News & Culture Network will present a film screening event to raise awareness about the national epidemic, and ongoing investigative report about a gentrifying movement taking place in South Minneapolis, Minnesota.
All concerned citizens of Minnesota and beyond, are being called into action to support a requirement that along with redevelopment in the works for expansion, Seward Community Cooperative supply the historically African American Bryant/ Central nieghborhood with a "Community Benefits Agreement."
A community engaging, film screen & discussion event is sheduled to take place on Thursday, July 31, 2014 @ 6:30p.m., and will be hosted by Saint Peter's AME Church, located at 401 E 41st St, Minneapolis.
For more information contact freedomradioandtv.com. The following link will enable you to screen the film prior to the event. Comments will be accepted at freedomradio.blacknews@
Minneapolis Seward Co-Op Gentrification Part Two
Freedom Radio
Freedom Radio


text:
Accessibility links
Tuesday 07 July 2015
Alex Spillius is Diplomatic Correspondent for the Daily Telegraph, based in London. He was stationed to Washington from 2007 to 2011, and covered the early stages of the 2012 Republican primaries, the final stages of Barack Obama's re-election campaign and authored a daily email on the final three months of the race. During eight earlier years in Asia he reported extensively from Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iraq, East Timor and Indonesia, and elsewhere, before returning to London for a stint assistant foreign editor and a roving foreign reporter. In 1997 he won the Amnesty International Award for newspaper reporting, for work in Afghanistan.
Analysis: the refusal of Thailand's opposing Red and Yellow political forces to work together left military leaders little choice
20 May 2014| Comments
Vladimir Putin's aggression in Ukraine has only increased the ranks of his foreign admirers
02 May 2014| Comments
The Crimean parliament is seized, Thai PM faces a corruption probe, Arizona governor vetoes gay bill and Angela Merkel address Parliament. All you need to know about the world today plus a bit more.
27 Feb 2014
Close aid to Benjamin Netanyahu says pushing for sanctions won't alter Israel's behaviour and accused BDS movement of "delegitimising" Israel
14 Feb 2014
Belgium's parliament votes on child euthanasia, Clarence Thomas speaks out on race, Afghan prisoners are freed and Britons get wet. Read on for top stories and comment of the day.
13 Feb 2014
A survey has shown what level of cover is regarded as acceptable in different Muslim-majority countries
10 Jan 2014
Israel's hardline foreign minister shows signs of a shift to the centre as he settles into a second stint in office
09 Jan 2014
Continuing our series, Alex Spillius reflects on a trip to the great Buddhas of Bamiyan
06 Jan 2014| Comments
According to David Kilcullen, future wars will be fought in feral cities. Alex Spillius applauds a natural storyteller with a sharp and sympathetic mind
06 Jan 2014| Comments
Jihadis from Europe taking up arms against the Assad regime show largest increase, a new report says
17 Dec 2013
17 Dec 2013
04 Dec 2013| Comments
Republican Marco Rubio pledges new sanctions legislation 'next week', in defiance of White House requests not to impose further conditions on Tehran
03 Dec 2013
The rejection of a deal with the EU amid pressure from Russia cuts to the quick of the national dilemma, reports Alex Spillius
02 Dec 2013| Comments
China has reacted to US and Japanese breaches by reportedly announcing it will now carry out regular patrols
28 Nov 2013
Philippine army officers have reported attacks by communist rebels from a little-known insurgency on aid convoys trying to help victims of Typhoon Haiyan
13 Nov 2013
Ukraine's rival parties failed to agree on a formula that would have freed the former prime minister
13 Nov 2013
A combination of unlucky geography, poverty, poor government and widespread gun use have exacerbated the effects of Typhoon Haiyan
12 Nov 2013
24 Oct 2013
Anger about American spying is spreading at home and abroad and may force changes in policy on Washington
24 Oct 2013
Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli prime minister, questions Washington's friendlier stance towards Tehran
23 Oct 2013
A bitter diplomatic row between US and Saudi Arabia bursts into the open in a development that could threaten one of the Middle East's core alliances and Washington's leadership in the region
22 Oct 2013| Comments
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Computer Aces | How to do Windows Clean up for FREE on your Comp
Posted by computeraces on Sep. 29, 2011
Break celebrates 4th of July the American Way: by laying the smack down on ...
With the 4th of July around the corner, we celebrate the most kick-ass USA ...
Dude, are you drunk AND high? Or are you just being PRANKED?!
Posted by computeraces on Sep. 29, 2011


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With 1.7 million freelancers, we'll match you with the perfect talent.
The client has made the following changes to the job.
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a different location.
I need accounts open and the emails verified in the following accounts
29 social networks sites
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Work should be completed within 7 days. It could also be completed before that time frame.
You will be provided with the an email for login purposes
Added 30 MAR 2011, 22:51 PM EDT
Revision to the job posting.
Instead of creating the social network and book marketing sites. I need the following:
50 free classified add accounts creates.
I need my bio, my picture, picture of the product that I'm promoting, keywords and url link added to the newly created account.
The I need all of the newly created accounts urls of the account placed in a word file.
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New York Says Good-bye to Styrofoam
A ban goes in effect tomorrow, and with it goes a beer-drinking tradition.Matthew Giles
A ban goes in effect tomorrow, and with it goes a beer-drinking tradition.Matthew Giles
He's betting everything on New Hampshire.Marin Cogan
How the author of Infinite Jest became the center of a self-help cult.Christian Lorentzen
The ride-sharing service used to be recognized as the anti-Uber. Now the boundaries aren't so clear.Annie Lowrey
As in life, timing is everything.Gazelle Emami and Margaret Lyons and Matt Zoller Seitz
In the Cut's latest video, editors offer advice for wearing makeup in the summer heat.
Lessons from a sweet new Instagram account.Melissa Dahl
The 2016 presidential candidate released 33 years' worth of tax returns on Tuesday.Vulture
It's really not that much.
A court has allowed the NSA to collect metadata during a six-month grace period until the USA Freedom Act goes into full effect.The Cut
Love is dead.
For anyone interested in filming the inevitable prison escape movie.The Cut
After 15 years with the American Ballet Theater, Misty Copeland is the first African-American principal ballerina in an elite company.
"I'm not going to be surprised if these statements lead to some attempts at revenge."
A 17-year-old boy tested positive for the disease, the nation's first new case in months.
New York's penal colony, through the eyes of the people who live and work there.


text:
Kirk Cousins
Redskins Nation: Kirk Cousins discusses being a Redskin
Machine Generated Transcript
CSN Washington dot com kid being cut. RD period struggle in the first two games of the season failing to score in the first half of both games in fact. 75% of the total passing yards in all five touchdown passes have come after half time when the pins were playing from behind. It has some wondering if Mike Shanahan could go out with him back up -- cup. -- accountants and Robert and as I mentioned many times several of -- are a little bit slow when you. And we're down as many points and we've been down we get to a two -- attack a little bit. Earlier that we like to. Probably put people in the toughest situation. And -- you heard Mike Shanahan had to say there but if RG three does continue to struggle in -- -- do you think. Basically in America. Why are you troubled yet. You know I think usual in his game as much time do embrace new draft propelled -- -- sit there and not use him I don't know Robert on this as a starting quarterback I doubted it would happen. -- it why not just the Detroit Lions in this society that you -- down McNabb for Rex Grossman. With Albert what the theater I thought -- at this point people want to see somebody. Can blog and effectively run the offense from the beginning of the game ready and not the -- up front office that we didn't see last year and I came here to do very well. -- did not giving us the wrong. Why loving me call all horrible 11 player that gold -- about him in the game plan. So what is it wouldn't you wouldn't use here what are you afraid -- if your -- can't run off as the only. That he should be up. Now what do you think Kirk cousins are capable of doing after -- is undefeated. After dark. Are they really profound offers a better runner right now it's probably more suitable for him he's not or whatever the result. He would drop back and throw balls run a lot of he has do because the end mobility also. Now that's the Tony Dungy -- many people. What we look at -- didn't like EF Hutton when it comes in the football world calling Doug Doug -- route would rather go out there. And go against one another coach's door and would totally sit with him not -- what purpose anybody can run this offense did their running right now better. You violence. CSN Washington dot com.
Video Results
Kirk Cousins inks first pro contract
up one of their quarterback 's long term today ..... round draft pick Kirk cousins . The rookie from Michigan State will enter training ..... for the number two QB spot. But for now ..... of becoming NFL quarterback . You talked about
CSN Update: Kirk Cousins happy with MRI result
Ligament damage to Kirk cousins right foot. What he ..... walking a little gingerly QB is not weren't walking ..... definitely be pushing it. Cousins is not rushing to get ..... perspectives that your quarterback out of Michigan State the for us here the
Kirk Cousins on 1st day of rookie camp
level like for you for you know this is a professional football to dream about this for a long time. us on the show ..... practice will be much hotter helper on underneath him Michigan State never got really ninety. CSN Washington dot com.
Should the Redskins put in Kirk Cousins ?
know Robert on this as a starting quarterback I doubted it would happen. it ..... should be up. Now what do you think Kirk cousins are capable of doing after is undefeated ..... EF Hutton when it comes in the football world calling Doug Doug route would
Kings beat Lakers 104-86 in preseason blowout
DeMarcus Cousins had 16 points and 12 rebounds to lead the Sacramento Kings to a 104-86 preseason victory over the Los Angeles Lakers.
49ers to induct John McVay into team Hall of Fame
From director of player personnel to general manager, for 21 seasons John McVay helped establish the tradition of 49ers football .
to do big things. I mean like playing football or help me. through college and also ..... of making it to the ultimate level of football but for this stand out. Making it to ..... Henry is currently playing in Michigan. Football is their life and now Melvin their newly
quarterback is an excellent quarterback and quarterbacks can make ..... past. But when you get a quarterback that. The defense is afraid ..... Haiti's here's the best football player I ever saw changed ..... tackle right back and the quarterback can see it time and time
Johnson is banged up that practice right Cleveland's got a pro quarterback . You go. I'll go with on the lines I think with the without ..... their backs are against the wall right now some them. Month football Indianapolis at San Diego India on a roll that it continues
the signal callers which QB is riding the bench for ..... this week I Benton. Which quarterback do you have to trade away ..... that. And finally K which QB do you really need to have ..... going round in Jacksonville quarterback filling in for Blaine Gabbert
and the interceptions. The Redskins team. Ain't buying it he gets such. And unfair and unjust bad rap I did that held a football players like get paid so much money this off season so it's he's he's really got to mean people wanna I wanna. Blame
Cardinals-49ers matchup No. 2: Brooks vs. Winston
With Aldon Smith out, the 49ers look for increased quarterback pressure from Ahmad Brooks. Eric Winston has a history of allowing sacks.
Foles, receivers focus on timing to ready for Bucs
With Nick Foles as the likely starting quarterback against the Buccaneers on Sunday, he and his receivers are working on their timing.
Fantasy Football Week 6: Start'em and Sit'em
Colin Kaepernick and Alex Smith will be forever linked, but in Week 6, are they both worthy fantasy play? Check out the latest Start'em and Sit'em.
Week 6 Bears Grades: Quarterback
The Bears offense got off to a slow start, but Jay Cutler was able to do exactly what he needed to win the game.
Raiders WRs adjusting to Pryor's style
ALAMEDA – Terrelle Pryor plays in a way that's hard to practice. The Raiders quarterback is a bebop jazz musician, constantly improvising on the fly. Pryor orchestrates this improvisational style, with a rare combination
understand our probably. Conflict college football and their two greatest alumni association. Programs in college football . You know so we'll see a black belt ..... people in the stands and that college football atmosphere is the best game is about
Raiders game it didn't he started driving the ball a little bit more and I actually think a couple times that he he ran the football and got hit pretty hard and came. Out of that fine and wasn't hurt was almost like hey maybe this thing really doesn't
son. You all expect college college talk about the Redskins defense one of the leaders. Barry Cofield whether the a solid football he says the Redskins It's yeah I got here. Once green arrows are different companies and he walked him again. You know
process Kinda Lou obvious go to football team is and can. Play a lot ..... perseverance say about your quarterback . Well he's had a lot of ..... I think he's tremendous quarterback he's talented and Smart ..... largest crowd ever to watch your football game. That that's. Career
do to slow down Tony Romo Dez Bryant and company. You know I think they get a focus on stopping Tony Romo and you know no quarterback likes to have guys in their face. And you know I looked at some numbers in those Cowboys three losses Romo was sacked ten
com. Woven into season Washington dot com for your college football preview we both Maryland and Virginia coming off devastating ..... from Maryland. And that would do for this week's college football preview per game board and JP I'm Brian Dixon the Washington
CSN Washington dot com well I think one thing that we evaluate do we think we're getting better as a defense a group as a football team. Do we get playing much better the the second two games that we did the first two. It's obviously we did much better
Former skins and Cowboys quarterback I think your real boats I that is robbery you quarterback both of these things ..... Cowboys fans look at the football team. I think cowboy ..... just a tremendous. Football game against Denver ..... is the highest rated quarterback in the fourth quarter


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Administrator of Veterans Affairs ALLEN amended American Legion approved Army associate grade authority believe BENNETT Birdsall BRADLEY Captain HALEY CARNAHAN CHAIRMAN chief grade chiropractors civilian clinics commissioned officer committee course CUNNINGHAM dental Department of Medicine Deputy Surgeon Disabled American Veterans disabled veterans doctor of medicine doctors of osteopathy DOMENGEAUX duty employees ENGLE erans examination feel FISCHER full grade furnish give going Government HAWLEY hospitals incompetent KEARNEY KETCHUM legislation licensed lieutenant manual therapy Medicine and Surgery ment military national convention noncommissioned personnel nurses occupational therapist organization osteo osteopathic physicians patient percent PICKETT practice preference prescribe professional Purple Heart qualified question recommendation regional offices Regular Corps regulations Reserve Corps residencies retirement RICE ROGERS salaries SCRIVNER service officers set-up space specialist surgical TATE therapy thing tion treatment understand uniform young doctors


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Beyonce Finally Reveals Her Wedding Dress! (VIDEO)
In a new live video for "I Was Here," she shows off the gorgeous, curve-hugging dress in the blink-and-you'll-miss it moment (at 3:34). The video shows B smiling from ear-to-ear as she puts on her strapless, ruched white wedding gown, and she looks absolutely stunning! Watch the video above and let us know what you think of Beyonce's wedding dress.
Earlier this week, expectant parents Beyonce and Jay-Z were snapped house hunting in Miami, FL. Beyonce stepped out in yet another beautiful maternity outfit, wearing a bright yellow flowing dress with purple and green colors.
Live at Roseland: Elements of 4, a new DVD which chronicles everything that went on at Roseland, from behind the scenes moments, to rare footage of Beyonce's younger years to the actual concert itself.


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$30 Charter Club Necklace and Earring SetEarrings · Stanford, CAFor sale are: Charter Club silver pavé crystal ball necklace and earrings. Asking $30. Beautiful additions to any outfit.Marketplace User ·Over 4 weeks ago on SupostTools
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The Hanging GardenHardback
List price $23.38
You save $14.74 63% off
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Additional formats available
- Format
- Paperback $11.59
- Publisher: Jonathan Cape Ltd
- Format: Hardback | 240 pages
- Dimensions: 138mm x 216mm x 26mm | 358g
- Publication date: 5 April 2012
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 43,090
Product description
Two children are brought to a wild garden on the shores of Sydney Harbour to shelter from the Second World War. The boy's mother has died in the Blitz. The girl is the daughter of a Sydney woman and a Communist executed in a Greek prison. In wartime Australia, these two children form an extraordinary bond as they negotiate the dangers of life as strangers abandoned on the far side of the world. With the tenderness and rigour of an old, wise novelist, Patrick White explores the world of these children, the city of his childhood and the experience of war. "The Hanging Garden" ends as the news reaches Sydney of victory in Europe, and the children face their inevitable separation. White put the novel aside at this point and how he planned to finish the work remains a mystery. But at his death he left behind a masterpiece in the making, published here for the first time.
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Author information
Patrick White was born in England in 1912. His Australian parents took him home when he was six months old but educated him in England, at Cheltenham College and King's College, Cambridge. He settled in London, where his first novel, Happy Valley, was published to some acclaim in 1939. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War he returned to Australia with his partner, Manoly Lascaris. The novels, short stories and plays that followed The Tree of Man in 1956 made White a considerable figure in world literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1973. The Hanging Garden was begun and put aside in 1981 when White was lured away to write once again for the theatre. The unfinished novel was found among his papers after his death in September 1990.
Review quote
"[A] coherent and polished read, shrewd and tender about its two protagonists... Arresting." -- Richard Davenport-Hines Spectator "What is instantly apparent is White's mastery of his art. He does what so many other writers ought to be able to do easily but often can't, which is set a scene economically and vividly." -- Alan Taylor Herald "In Patrick White's centenary year, fans of Australia's only Nobel Laureate had two treats: the publication of his unfinished last novel, The Hanging Garden and the reissue of his first, Happy Valley." -- Nicholas Shakespeare Daily Telegraph "It is frustrating and tantalising that The Hanging Garden is left, well, hanging." -- Robert Macfarlane Sunday Times


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On November 17, Bank of America and Merrill Lynch settled securities claims brought by the FDIC related to RMBS sold to United Western Bank. The FDIC, as the receiver for United Western Bank, alleged claims under the...more
- Bank of America Enforcement Actions FDIC Merrill Lynch RMBS Securities Act of 1933 Settlement
On March 31, 2014, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought insider trading charges against Ching Hwa Chen, the husband of a corporate insider, alleging that he misappropriated financial information from his wife and...more
- Enforcement Actions Insider Trading SEC
The SEC this year has demonstrated its willingness to incentivize whistleblowers and companies to share information about misconduct and assist with the SEC's investigations. To that end, the SEC issued its first Deferred...more
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In a decision rendered from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, Judge Ronald Guzmán granted summary judgment on the SEC's insider trading claims as to three defendants but...more
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Den vyborov:
Year Released: 2007
Runtime: 122 mins
Genres: Comedy
Actors: Valeriy Barinov, Evgeniy Stychkin, Mikhail Efremov, Oleg Fomin
Den vyborov (2007) Links
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Just updated. It's like Instagram and Snapchat had a baby and created this Vine update haha
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If you're a Vine user and have been wondering when they'd be expanding their services, today is a good to check for updates. In an updated dubbed their biggest update since launch, Vine has now introduced VM's or Vine Messages if you prefer.
Vine messages are one to one. You can send a Vine message to multiple people to start several separate conversations at once.
Found a great Vine video? Simply tap the Share button under the Vine post, then choose "Vine Message" to share it privately. Your friends can respond directly to keep the conversation going.
Vine messages aren't limited by your Vine contacts, either - you can send a VM to anyone via email or SMS, even if they're not part of the Vine community.
Keeping things simple, to send a Vine message, go to the Messages screen or tap the Message button on your friends' profiles and you're off to the races. The update is live now so give it a go and let us know how it works.
Source: Vine
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!
Just updated. It's like Instagram and Snapchat had a baby and created this Vine update haha
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text:
The Task: Watch and write about every movie on my shelf, in order (Blu-rays are sorted after DVDs), by June 10, 2015. Remaining movies: 15 780 more words
Tags » Ned Beatty
Deliverance (1972), John Boorman
A tense action tale mingled with a horror story, John Boorman's 1972 Deliverance showcases – through the clash of urban sensibilities and rural stubbornness – the complexities and contradictions of defending nature (itself a magnificent foe here) against human greed. 832 more words
In The Electric Mist (2009)
Director – Bertrand Tavernier
Starring – Tommy Lee Jones, John Goodman, Peter Sarsgaard, Mary Steenburgen, Kelly Macdonald, Ned Beatty, Pruitt Taylor Vince
DELIVERANCE (1972 United States)
Nature, in the wild, can be violent. How appropriate that the setting should be the American South. Very few places in the U.S. are, or have been, as violent as redneck country. 562 more words
Deliverance (1972)
Directed by John Boorman and based on the novel of the same name by James Dickey, Deliverance is another one of those essential 1970s films. Often considered among the first of the survival pictures, this 1972 movie can be interpreted a number of different ways but seems to carry very sure themes about civilization, survival and the evil that men do. 720 more words
Three by Lumet: Thoughts on NETWORK, THE FUGITIVE KIND, and THE VERDICT.
It's not often that I watch films exclusively by one director in a short amount of time (I had a Buñuel binge in January), but last week I had a lapse into Lumet. 598 more words
Deliverance or: The Less Desirables Movie of the Week
This week for The Less Desirables Movie of the Week, brought to you by the Official Movie Sponsor of The Less Desirables, a/perture Cinema… 561 more words


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Stock Report: Chicago Bridge & Iron Co. NV (CBI) Report Updated: Jun 29, 2015 | Print This Page
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Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. provides conceptual design, technology, engineering, procurement, fabrication, construction, and commissioning services to energy and natural resource industries worldwide. It undertakes various projects in the hydrocarbon, water, and nuclear industries, including above ground storage tanks, elevated storage tanks, liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks, pressure vessels, and other specialty structures, such as nuclear containment vessels. The company also under takes project related to upstream and downstream energy infrastructure facilities, such as LNG liquefaction and regasification terminals, gas processing plants, refinery units, petrochemical complexes, and a range of other energy-related projects. In addition, the company provides licenses, services, catalysts, and proprietary equipment to companies in the hydrocarbon refining, petrochemicals, and gas processing industries. Chicago Bridge & Iron Company N.V. was founded in 1889 and is headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands.
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text: AP [ Dashcam Captures Plane's Terrifying Fatal Crash [VIDEO] By Townsquare Staff February 4, 2015 A horrific and deadly plane crash in Taiwan on Wednesday was captured on dashcam by a motorist in the area. Read More|Comment Category: News, Videos, World News Tags: dashcam Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Apple pledging $100M in equipment to ConnectED
Apple is pledging $100 million in "iPads, computers and other tools" to President Barack Obama's ConnectED initiative. The Associated Press reports that a number of companies have committed around $750 million in total toward the goal of connecting more students to high-speed Internet. Obama's ConnectED initiative has the goal of connecting 99 percent of American students to high-speed Internet within five years of its June announcement.
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Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers Fifth Edition, Computing Fundamentals, Student Edition
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A reluctance motor control system is stabilized by a load angle feedback control loop provided by a computation of the load angle from sensed voltage and current on the terminals of the motor with the assist of a derived frequency signal. The motor is operated at most efficient load angle in motoring or braking, while the motor voltage is being controlled so as to maintain the desired load angle as the speed and/or load vary.
1. In a reluctance motor control system for operating a reluctance motor under AC voltage with AC current at an operative frequency and under an operative load angle, including a voltage-source inverter controlled in frequency and voltage, the combination of:
means for sensing the current supplied by the inverter to the motor for deriving a current representative signal;
means for sensing the voltage supplied by the inverter to the motor for deriving a voltage representative signal;
calculating means responsive to said voltage and current representative signals and to a frequency representative signal for generating a signal representative of the operative load angle of the motor;
load angle control loop means responsive to said operative load angle representative signal and to a load angle reference signal for controlling the inverter frequency in accordance with an error therebetween;
speed/frequency control loop means responsive to said frequency representative signal and to a speed reference signal for generating a voltage command signal;
voltage control loop means responsive to said voltage command signal and operative on said inverter for controlling the voltage thereof in response to said voltage command signal and in relation to said speed reference signal;
whereby the operative load angle of the motor is automatically adjusted to a value substantially equal to said load angle reference signal, under said voltage control loop means while controlling the reluctance motor to substantially match the speed reference signal.
2. The control system of claim 1 with said load angle frequency control loop means being operative on said inverter through voltage-controlled-oscillator means.
3. The control system of claim 1 with bi-stable limiter means being provided for establishing said load angle reference signal as a function of a predetermined load angle setting signal, the sign of said load angle reference signal being determined by said limiter means in accordance with said frequency and speed reference representative signals.
4. The control system of claim 3 with said predetermined load setting establishing a desired load angle in the range of 45� to 60�, whereby the reluctance motor operates at maximum efficiency in that range.
5. The control system of claim 4 with said limiter means having a positive and a negative mode each corresponding to one sign of the difference between said frequency and speed reference representative signals for providing said load angle reference signal with a positive sign when in the positive mode and a negative sign when in the negative mode;
said positive and negative modes of operation corresponding to motoring and braking operation of the motor, respectively.
6. The control system of claim 1 with said voltage control loop means including voltage command limiter means operative in relation to said operative frequency and to said load angle signals, so as to prevent the voltage-to-frequency ratio from exceeding the motor rated voltage-to-frequency ratio.
7. The control system of claim 1 with said calculating means including:
first means responsive to said voltage sensing means for deriving a direct phase voltage Vd and a quadrature phase voltage Vq representative signal;
second means responsive to said current sensing means for deriving a direct phase current Id and a quadrature phase current Iq representative signal;
means responsive to said first and second means for deriving a signal representative of the power P=IdVd+IqVq;
means responsive to said power representative signal for computing ##EQU6## where ri is the equivalent phase resistance of the motor representing iron, friction and windage losses; where r is the phase winding resistances of the motor; I the phase current where Pri is the losses in the motor core due to friction and windage, thereby deriving a signal representative of R, the motor resistance; and
means responsive to said frequency representative signal and to said R representative signal for computing δFB the load angle, according to the relationship: ##EQU7##
The present invention relates to synchronous reluctance motor drive control.
The synchronous reluctance motor has been recognized as the simplest form of polyphase synchronous motor (see "Synchronous Reluctance Motors" by P. B. Greenwood in Electrical Review, Mar. 22, 1968, pp. 432-434; see also P. J. Lawrenson and L. A. Agu "Theory and Performance of Polyphase Reluctance Machines" in Proceedings IEEE 1964 III (8), p. 1435).
Reluctance motors have simple and robust rotors which run at synchronous speed. They, however, have no starting torque and, when they are excited from the mains, it was found necessary to include a squirrel cage in the rotor to allow starting on line. In order to include a squirrel cage in the rotor it is necessary to change the optimum rotor geometry so as to allow sufficient room for the conducting material of the cage bars. This has resulted in degrading the synchronous performance of reluctance motors and increasing the cost of constructing the motor. The synchronous, synchronizing, asynchronous and starting performance characteristics of a reluctance motor (fed from the mains) depend upon the rotor design. Therefore, the design of a reluctance motor (fed from the mains) is a delicate compromise between conflicting requirements imposed on the rotor geometry to achieve an acceptable overall performance. This has been considered a drawback of reluctance motors.
The reluctance motor will develop small oscillations around the synchronous speed when excited from a variable frequency source (e.g., inverter), unless using feedback control. It can operate in an open loop up to a load angle δ around 45�. It was found, however, that when a reluctance motor is excited from a variable frequency source and feedback control is utilized for stabilization, there is no need for cage bars. This was found to improve the efficiency-power factor product and to simplify significantly the rotor construction of the reluctance motor. Cageless reluctance motors have been built and tested with an appreciable improvement in performance and with reduction in the cost. The motor starts at zero frequency and the frequency is increased up to rated speed as the motor remains synchronized by feedback control. This has the important consequence of eliminating the use of cage bars in the rotor, the motor starting smoothly from zero speed. Furthermore, smooth starting of the motor eliminates the inrush of current when starting with a motor fed from the mains. This simplifies the control circuitry and reduces the size of the inverter. It is also highly desirable since there is no disturbance caused to the common grid. Furthermore, the elimination of cage bars eliminates what is a main drawback in the design of a reluctance motor.
Also, more efficient motors are being designed today. Cageless reluctance motors with a better efficiency (due to reduced losses) are superior because of higher power factor and larger output power than conventional reluctance motors. When the efficiency-power factor product is appreciably improved, since this product is inversely proportion to the inverter size, the inverter size and cost are consequently reduced. In conclusion, a cageless reluctance motor has better efficiency, power factor, starting performance, lower cost, and stable operation due to feedback control.
It has been shown that maximum efficiency, output power and power factor occur at a load angle between 45� and 60�, these angles lying in the unstable operating region of the reluctance motor, therefore requiring feedback control for stable and efficient operating. See: "Steady-State Performance Characteristics Of Linear Reluctance Motors" by A. M. El-Antably, J. D. Edwards, G. Williams, P. Lindon and P. D. Luke in Magnetics, Vol. 15, No. 6, November 1979, IEEE. As a result of this rapid advancement in solid-state variable frequency sources, and due to the new developments (cageless rotors and feedback control), it is now possible to design reluctance motors which are comparable in size to, and of lower cost than, induction motors of the same rating. The distinct advantages of cageless reluctance motors are that they are cheaper than induction motors of comparable size, and more suitable for variable-speed drives. The reluctance motor has become a serious candidate to replace the induction motor for variable-speed drive applications.
Feedback control permits a stable operation of the reluctance machine at load angles greater than 45� at which motor torque, power factor and efficiency are maximum. Feedback control also results in the elimination of the cage bars from the rotor, which improves efficiency and reduces cost. The present invention aims at a feedback control strategy for reluctance motors to optimize its performance and simplify its control.
The control strategy according to the present invention allows to operate a cageless reluctance motor as an energy efficient motor by control depending only upon measuring the terminal voltages and currents. Thus, there is no need for transducers to be mounted on the rotor shaft. This reduces cost and is advantageous in industrial applications when there is no access to the shaft. This feature combines with the fact that a reluctance motor is easier to control than an induction motor, thus, more suitable for variable speed motor drives.
The invention resides in a reluctance motor control system including a voltage-controlled and frequency-controlled inverter for controlling a reluctance motor and using as control parameter an operative load angle, the operative load angle being known by computation from voltage and current signals sensed on the motor terminals and from a frequency control signal applied to the inverter, wherein the load angle is adjusted by comparing the operative load angle with a reference load angle.
The invention also resides in a reluctance motor control system according to the invention allowing speed adjustment under a selected load angle chosen for maximum efficiency at all motor loads, wherein a voltage control loop is provided responsive to speed error while selecting the voltage-to-frequency ratio that is necessary to maintain the selected load angle while the speed and/or load vary. Such control system is particularly suitable for a cageless reluctance motor, because it combines feedback loop stabilizing control with optimum operation of the reluctance motor i.e. high efficiency and power factor.
FIG. 1 shows a control system of the prior art providing load angle feedback control loop with the use of a position resolver for a cageless reluctance motor;
FIG. 2 is a space-phasor diagram of the air gap field components at the surface of a reluctance motor;
FIG. 3 shows the control system of the invention providing load angle feedback control loop by computation from the voltage and current terminals, and a frequency signal derived within the control system;
FIG. 4 is the equivalent circuit of a reluctance motor;
FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating the derivation of the load angle by the processor of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating the two separate functions embodied in the voltage command limiter of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 shows illustratively an AVI system as applicable to the system of FIG. 3.
The reluctance motor, in general, has the same stator as an induction motor. The rotor, however, is built with salient poles, or segments, so as to provide axes of different magnetic reluctance, such that at synchronous speed the applied rotating flux axis always coincide with the direct axis of the rotor, except for a load angle when under torque. The load angle increases as the load increases. The reluctance motor has been improved by being built without a cage, and stabilized by using feedback control when excited from an inverter. Load angle feedback has been used to control the inverter frequency in a phase-locked loop. This approach is illustrated by the circuit of FIG. 1. A reluctance motor RM is supplied, over three phase lines SL, with AC current (I) under an AC voltage (V) from an inverter working as an adjustable voltage inverter. The inverter is controlled by line 1 providing frequency control (derived from a voltage-controlled oscillator VCO) and by line 2 providing voltage control.
Control of the voltage is obtained through a voltage control loop VCL including line 3 deriving a signal representative of the voltage V existing on lines SL and a comparator CMP1 responsive to line 3 and to line 4 (the latter applying a reference voltage signal). On line 5 of comparator CMP1 is derived an error signal converted by a scaling circuit SC1 into an appropriate control signal applied on line 2 to an adjustable voltage inverter, AVI.
Frequency control in the phase-locked loop includes a frequency command signal, or speed signal, applied on line 21 to a comparator CMP2 which carries over on line 22 a control signal for a voltage-controlled oscillator VCO. Load angle feedback control is obtained from line 19 through scaling circuit SC3 delivering on line 20 a compensating signal which intervenes with the speed signal of line 21, so as to attempt to meet the prescribed load angle (δR on line 6). The signal of line 19 is an error signal derived from comparator CMP3 comparing the actual load angle δFB, derived on line 18 by feedback, with a load angle reference δR applied on line 6. The feedback load angle is obtained by (1) deriving on lines 14 and 15 direct and quadrature current (Id, Iq) representative signals, obtained by sensing the stator currents (lines 13), and by transforming such three-phase information into orthogonal components (Id, Iq) via a transformation circuit TNF; and (2) using a synchronous-resolver technique to identify the angle δ between rotor position and motor current. To this effect, the synchro SYN senses the rotor position and provides on lines 9 and 10 two rotor position characterizing signals. These signals are 2 KHz carrier modulated by the sine of the rotor position angle on line 9, and by the cosine of the rotor position angle, on line 10. The 2 KHz carrier signal is applied generator CGN by line 8 to the synchro SYN and, via lines 7' and 7", to demodulators DM1, DM2, respectively, which eliminate the carrier frequency from the respective modulated signals of lines 9 and 10, thus, providing on lines 11 and 12 two orthogonal vector representative signals which are compared within dual channel phase detector PD, the phase currents being Id for line 14, and Iq for line 15. Accordingly, sin δ is obtained on line 16 and cos δ on line 17. Function generator FG2 responds to the signals of lines 16 and 17 to provide on line 18 the actual angle δFB as it exists in the motor.
FIG. 2 illustrates with vectors the relationship between the normal air gap flux density By, the stator m.m.f. vector Us and the stator surface current density vector Ks. If the angle between vector By and vector Ks is φ', the load angle is δ between vector Ks and the quadrature axis, whereas δ is also to be found between vector Us and the direct axis. The space-phasor diagram of FIG. 2 shows the air gap field components at the stator surface of the reluctance motor. In the synchro-resolver, the stator is excited by the high-frequency carrier (2 KHz) and the in-phase and quadrature rotor controlling outputs thereof are demodulated to provide signals proportional to the sine and cosine of the rotor position, as generally known. Using the two-phase representation of the line currents, the phase detector provides signals proportional to sin δ and cos δ.
It appears that, the circuit of FIG. 1 satisfies the requirement of stability thanks to the load angle feedback loop which is compensating for any discrepancy appearing on line 20 from comparator CMP3, which is the load angle error of line 19 scaled by circuit SC2. The running frequency is then defined by comparator CMP2 as the sum of the frequency command of line 21 and the scaled load angle error appearing on line 20. Obviously with such a system it is not possible to obtain both a load angle suitable for maximized efficiency, and a frequency as desired. There are three parameters, namely (voltage command on line 4, frequency command on line 21 and load angle command on line 6, which conflict with each other. Therefore, the system does not operate satisfactorily for all loads and all frequencies. Another, major drawback is the use of a synchro-resolver mounted on the shaft of the rotor. The present invention overcomes these two handicaps. Other advantages will appear from the description hereinafter of the circuit of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.
Feedback control according to FIG. 3 will allow stable operation of the reluctance motor at load angles greater than 45�. Maximum torque, power factor and efficiency actually occur at load angles between 45� and 60�. Therefore, feedback control results in both a stable and an efficient operation at all operating loads. Another advantage is that there is no need for cage bars in the rotor, which results in reducing the losses, in improving the efficiency and reducing the motor cost. There is also no need for transducers to be attached to the shaft.
The present invention leads to an improved feedback control with all the afore-stated advantages being derived from it.
Referring to FIG. 3, the invention is based on the direct computation of the load angle δFB, rather than sensing shaft position with a synchro and the associated use of a resolver. It is also based on the observation that speed, as a substrate for the synchro-resolver approach, need not be sensed. Since the reluctance motor is controlled so as to operate at synchronous speed, the motor speed is directly proportional to the voltage control signal applied to the VCO and in turn it is proportional to the inverter output frequency. Therefore, the control signal to the VCO provides directly an indication of motor speed. No tachometer is necessary.
Referring now to FIG. 4, from the equivalent circuit of a reluctance motor it is apparent that the load angle δFB can be computed if the frequency of excitation, the line voltage V and the line current I are known. The phase voltage V (phase between D and E) defines a phase current I flowing in the stator winding (between D and F), the latter comprising a phase winding resistance r and a winding leakage inductance jXl. Thereafter, there are two branches between F and G. One branch is represented by a resistor ri which is the equivalent phase resistance representing iron, friction and windage losses. The other branch includes the rotor characteristics proper: an inductance symbolized by jX=jK1 ω cos (2δ) and R=K2 ω sin (2δ), where K1 and K2 are machine constants, and ω is the angular frequency. For the purpose of fully disclosing the equivalent circuit of FIG. 4, reference is made to "Developments in the Performance and Theory of Segmental-Rotor Reluctance Motors" in Proc. IEEE, Vol. 114, No. 5, May 1967 by P. J. Lawrenson and S. K. Gupta, pp. 645-653, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The computation of the load angle δFB is simplified if resistor ri is large enough so that it can be neglected. Typically, neglecting ri introduces less than 4% error in computing the load angle.
For the purpose of illustration, one analog approach to load angle computation is provided by the equivalent circuit of FIG. 4. The stator winding between terminal D and junction F includes the stator resistance r and the inductance jXl. The rotor includes an inductance jX=jK1 ω cos (2δ) and a resistance R=K2 ω sin (2δ) in series within a branch extending between junctions F and G. The losses are symbolized by a resistor ri across F and G. The voltage is V2 between D and F and V1 across F and G, with a current I1 in the ri branch and a current I2 in the (jX, R) branch. In the equivalent circuit the parameters are as follows:
r=phase winding resistance
X1 =winding leakage reactance
ri =equivalent phase resistance representing iron, friction, and windage losses
ω=angular frequency
K1 =machine constant
K2 =machine constant
Vphase =phase voltage
Iphase =line current
K1 and K2 are given in: Proc. IEEE, Vol. 114, No. 5, pp. 645-653, May 1967 "Developments in the Performance and Theory of Segmental-Rotor Reluctance Motors" by P. J. Lawrenson and S. K. Gupta. For the purpose of this disclosure, the Lawrenson and Gupta paper is hereby incorporated by reference.
Considering the two-phase equivalent vectors Vd, Vq and Id, Iq, for the phase voltage and phase current, respectively, the average power per phase supplied to the motor is P=|I|�|V| cos φ=Id Vd +Iq Vq. Written another way, the average power is P˜|I|2 (R+r)+Pri, where |I|2 =Id 2 +Iq 2 and Pri =losses in the motor core, by friction and windage. The values of Pri are known in advance by measurement at the motor terminals over the operating speed range. These values are than programmed into the processor used for the computation of the load angle. This computation can be illustrated in an analog mode using a function generator circuit.
Then, the resistor R is known as: ##EQU1##
From the preceding equation, and from the formulation of sin 2FB in the article by P. J. Lawrenson in Proceedings IEE, vol. III, No. 8, August, 1964, pp. 1435-1445, entitled "Theory and Performance of Polyphase Reluctance", it follows that: ##EQU2## Where K2 is a motor design constant.
FIG. 5A illustrates with a block diagram how the processor of FIG. 3 generates on line 28 a signal computed from the three parameters, V, I and f, supplied on lines 3, 13 and 22, respectively. From line 3 signals representing the three voltage terminals are derived. In transformation circuit 51 they are converted into a two-phase voltage representation, namely Vd on line 52 and Vq on line 53. Similarly, the current is sensed from the three motor terminals and the corresponding signals on lines 13 are also converted by a transformation circuit 55 into a two-phase current output on lines 56 for Id and 57 for Iq. Within block 60 is effected the computation of the power P according to the relationship: Id Vd +Iq Vq =P. Power is, thus, obtained on line 61. In block 62 are computed first |I|2 =Id 2 +Iq 2 from the values of Id and Iq derived on lines 56', 57', from lines 56 and 57, respectively. Then, within block 62 is computed the resistance R according to the relationship: ##EQU3## The value of R so derived on line 63, is inputted into block 64 which also receives the signal of line 22, a signal representative of the frequency. The load angle is computed within block 64 according to the formula: ##EQU4## whereby the load angle δFB appears on line 28 at the output of the overall processor PRC.
Considering FIG. 5B, the voltage command limiter LMT2 of FIG. 3 is decomposed into a computational block VCC and a limiter proper LTA for limiting the voltage command of line 34 to a value in relation to the V phase voltage between D and E in FIG. 4 when operating at maximum air gap flux (V/f). Referring to FIG. 4, the operation of blocks of FIG. 5B can be explained, as follows:
V1 /f=φ=rated air gap flux,
where V1 is the air gap voltage, namely between F and G (V1 =fxφ). ##EQU5## where jX=jK1 ω cos (2δ) and R=Ks ω sin (2δ). I phase=I+I2, and V2, the stator winding voltage (between D and F) is: V2 =I phase (r+jXl). From V1 and V2 block VCC of FIG. 5B calculates the V phase voltage: V phase=|V1 +V2 |. In othe words, from the inputs δFB on line 32 and f on line 33, block VCC does a calculation backward to what the V phase should such as not to exceed the required rated flux limit. This condition within block LTA being satisfied under the control on line ADJ. Block LMT2 provides a voltage command on line 34 which is equal to the absolute value of the speed error applied on line 31, except when line 31 exceeds the limit defined by line ADJ. In this event, the voltage command on line 34 is the voltage limit value defined by line ADJ.
Through this effect, it is possible to fix by line 26 a load angle reference δR onto line 27 so as to maximize the efficiency, and still adjust the torque by varying the excitation in response to a speed error, thereby allowing to increase, or decrease, the field according to the magnitude and sign of the error (line 29). At the same time, the voltage command limiter LMT2 insures that upon a stepped change of speed, no overexcitation of the motor will occur.
The computation can also be carried out digitally, in which case a microprocessor will be used. On FIG. 3, the computation is symbolized by a processor PRC which responds to the values of V on line 3, of I on line 13 and of the frequency (f) on line 22. The feedback load angle δFB is outputted on line 28.
FIG. 3 is like in FIG. 1 in that the frequency control signal is applied from junction J2 into the VCO which by line 1 controls the frequency of the inverter AVI. A voltage control loop, from line 3 via a comparator CMP1, includes line 5 inputted into scaling circuit SC1 to provide voltage control on line 2 to the inverter.
The circuit of FIG. 3 differs from the circuit of FIG. 1, not only by the computation of the load angle δFB by processor PRC, but also in the following respects:
The motor is operated under a chosen most efficient value δR applied on line 27. This operation results from a speed error derived on line 24 from comparator CMP4 which compares the reference speed on line 21 to the actual speed derived on line 23, just like the signal of line 22 to the processor PRC, namely from junction J2 at the input of the VCO. The error in speed on line 24 is fed into a scaling circuit SC4 which applies the proper signal to a limiter LMT1. The limit has a characteristic determined by a setting signal on line 26. This setting signal is generally set for operation at 45� or above, preferably 55� and even 60�, which are typically the most efficient values for the operative load angle of the reluctance motor. Having so established the optimum condition of operation, limiter LMT1 will establish on line 27 such desired operative condition for δR. Limiter LMT1 operates for either direction, as seen from the error of line 24. However, if desired, by line 26 another level for δR on line 27 can be established. The reference signal being so determined on line 27, the feedback signal δFB of line 28 is received for comparison with the signal of line 27 within comparator CMP3. This means that any error on line 19, modified by a proper scaling circuit SC3, will cause on line 20 the frequency of the VCO to be modified until the error becomes very small, namely, when the actual load angle δFB has been adjusted to meet the demand of line 27.
It is also observed that, in so doing, the system adjusts the motor excitation so as to maintain the desired load angle as the speed and/or the load vary. This was not present in the prior art circuit of FIG. 1. A voltage command limiter LMT2 responds to the desired voltage on line 31, to the actual load angle on line 32 and to the actual frequency on line 33 so as to maintain at the output on line 34 a voltage command which is equal to the signal of line 31 (up to a limiting level defined by line ADJ as in FIG. 5B). Such limited voltage establishes on line 34 the reference voltage for the adjustable voltage inverter. This is carried out by the voltage control loop generating with comparator CMP1 an error on line 5. Scaling circuit SC1 will generate on line 2 a command to change the voltage V outputted by the inverter so as to eventually change δFB as a result of line 3 onto CMP1 and of δFB derived from the processor PRC and applied by lines 28 and 32 to limiter LMT2. Finally, the speed signal from line 21 and the resulting error on line 24 are operating on a voltage loop by line 29 to a scaling circuit SC5, then, by line 30 into an absolute value circuit AV, thereby providing on line 31 a voltage command input signal for the voltage command limiter LMT2.
The speed error of the speed control loop (SCL) provides the reference inputs for the inner load angle control loop on line 27 and for the motor voltage control loop on line 34. For the load angle control loop, the speed error is amplified and passed through the limiter circuit LMT1 which has a bi-stable output characteristic.
Positive and negative errors (depending upon motoring, or braking) which determine the sign of the error 24 by the input of line 21) regardless of magnitude, provide, respectively, a predetermined fixed level (positive, or negative) load angle reference (line 27) for the load angle control loop LACL. The magnitude of the load angle reference is selected by line 26 and the resulting characteristic of limiter LMT1 (having a positive limit for motoring, a negative limit for braking) maximizes either the motor torque, the efficiency, the power factor, or the power factor-efficiency product. The load angle control loop behaves like a phase-locked control loop which compares the load angle reference δR with the motor load angle δFB as computed and fedback. The load angle error on line 19 is amplified, then controls the frequency of the VCO which, in turn, determines the motor excitation frequency, thereby (by way of the speed and voltage control loops) adjusting the motor load angle.
In the speed control loop, the speed error (lines 24, 29) is amplified. Its absolute value is taken (AV) and passed through the voltage limiter (LMT2), the voltage command limit of which (line 34) varies as a function of the motor excitation frequency (line 33) and the motor load angle δFB (line 28), thereby providing voltage command on line 34 which is equal to the absolute value of speed error applied on line 31, except when line 31 exceeds the limit defined by line ADJ. In this event, the voltage command on line 34 is the voltage limit value (defined by ADJ in FIG. 5B). The resulting voltage command (line 34) is applied to the voltage control loop VCL. It is compared (CMP1) with the motor terminal voltage (V) as sensed and derived from line 3. The error voltage is amplified (SC1) and used to control the magnitude of the inverter output voltage by line 2. The voltage command limiter LMT2 embodies a function such that the ratio V/F at the input of the motor never exceeds a rated value. Since the motor is controlled to operate at a fixed magnitude of load angle (line 27), independently of the load, the speed control loop SCL normally adjusts the ratio V/F for any frequency to a value required to supply the motor load. The motor operates at rated V/F, only when it is supplying maximum operating torque. For lower torques, the motor operates at a lower appropriate V/F level. This control scheme differs from conventional control schemes in which the motor operates at rated V/F at all times and the motor load angle adjusts itself to match the load torque. The invention provides a more efficient operation for the motor and a more efficient system overall. Provision is made also of adding to such a system means for detecting whether the motor is synchronized, or not, so as to modify the system accordingly, namely by changing the setting of line 26.
From a comparison between the control system of FIG. 1 (prior art) and the control system of FIG. 3 (invention), it appears that the motor with the prior art approach can run at maximum efficiency at certain loads and certain frequencies, but not at all loads and all frequencies. One control loop is missing. The motor operates at a certain load and that load determines the frequency. In contrast, with the present invention it is possible to choose the load angle, namely the most suitable one for maximizing the efficiency, and to choose the frequency independently of the load.
The operation of the reluctance motor control system according to the present invention can be illustratively explained by reference to FIG. 3 as follows:
Starting from an initial speed reference on line 21, for which the system is at equilibrium, the speed is changed by a sizable amount, for instance by an increase causing an error to appear on line 24. It is recalled at this point that, by line 26, a reference load angle is imposed on line 27 which is the most efficient operative load angle desired for the motor. If the afore-stated error caused by the change on line 21 changes the sign of the error on line 24, there will also be a change of sign in the reference angle δR of line 27 as shown by the characteristic of FIG. 3.
Considering again the error in speed appearing on line 24, this error is controlling the voltage via line 29, circuits SC5 and AV, line 31, limiter LMT2 (the function of which will be considered separately hereinafter), line 34 and the voltage feedback loop due to the intervening comparator CMP1. Therefore, the voltage of the inverter is caused to be increased. When the voltage V increases, the motor being under a given torque, or load, the feedback load angle δFB, calculated by the processor, will decrease. As a result, an error will appear on line 19, which is a discrepancy from the imposed ideal reference load angle of line 27. Therefore, on line 20 the VCO will be controlled so as to increase the frequency. This will lead to changing the speed of the motor, thereby reducing the speed error of line 24, which in turn will reduce the voltage V, the latter eventually reaching a level as needed to match the existing torque, or load, condition on the motor. At the same time, an operative load angle δFB is achieved which matches the imposed value of δR on line 27, except for a small error which appears on line 19 and is scaled by SC3 to generate the frequency command appearing on line 20. According to the present invention, control automatically adjusts the voltage signal controlling the motor voltage so as to be what is required to generate the necessary load torque, while maintaining the motor load angle δFB virtually equal to the optimum selected load angle δR. Thus, according to the invention, the motor load angle is controlled to be a predetermined optimum, selected to be positive in the motoring, to be negative in the braking mode of operation. The motor voltage is at the same time adjusted to match the required load torque. Therefore, the motor operates at rated maximum air gap flux (V/f) only when operating at maximum load torque. For lower torque loads, the motor air gap flux (V/f) is appropriately less than rated. Limiter LMT2 insures, as an additional safeguard, that the V/f ratio of the motor does not exceed the rated ratio of V/f under any operating condition. In contrast, conventional schemes operate the motor at constant air gap flux (V/f) and at a motor load angle that varies as a function of motor torque. The invention offers the advantage that the motor always operates at an optimum selected load angle independently of load and speed.
The implementation of the adjustable voltage inverter AVI drive is illustrated in block diagram form by FIG. 6. The 3-phase, 60 hertz source is inputted on line L1, L2, L3 into a rectifier circuit RCT. The output is filtered at FLT1, then, inputted into a chopper CHP. The chopper is controlled from line 2 which belongs to the feedback voltage control loop of FIG. 3. The output of the chopper is filtered at FLT2. The resulting filtered voltage is used to provide an adjustable DC voltage for the inverter, namely a six-step inverter INV. The VCO of FIG. 3 controls by line 1 the firing instants of the switches of the inverter for frequency control, as generally known.
An alternative means for obtaining an adjustable DC voltage for the inverter INV is to replace rectifier circuit RCT, filter FLT1, and chopper CHP by a controlled thyristor converter. Also, the chopper CHP, filter FLT2, and the six-step inverter could be replaced by a PWM inverter where an invert system is used an AVI inverter is generally preferred, because it typically provides greater voltage control flexibility over its entire output frequency range.
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Water pressure issues along College Avenue have caused the Covington City Council to move the area ahead of schedule in the city's water main replacement project.
Georgia Perimeter College's 50th and final graduation under the GPC banner will take place Friday, May 8, at 10:30 a.m. at the Georgia World Congress Center. The college expects to become a unit of Georgia State University next January.
With the fiscal year winding down, the city of Covington got word that it is "in good, good financial shape," according to Miller Edwards of Mauldin and Jenkins CPAs, LLC, which presented its audit to the council Monday.
IN BRIEF: Interstate 20 westbound at Salem Road is shut down due to a tractor trailer fire. No injuries are reported. Check back later for more.
As a way to promote downtown businesses and eateries, Main Street Covington is working with area shops and restaurants on "Love for Mom," Day, Saturday, 10 a.m.-2 p.m.
There's nothing a termite likes more than a damp, dark place rich.
The Board of Commissioners is preparing to vote on whether to allow SRG Global to carry out testing around its Covington plant to determine the extent of chemical contamination after a 2013 test revealed trichloroethylene (TCE) in the groundwater.
A new proposal to cap county attorney fees at $800,000 could help bring the county's legal spending within the upper range of other Georgia counties, but it would also be a significant budget increase at a time of severe financial constraints and is already facing pushback from critics.
The strains of '80s and '90s classic rock will be heard over lunch in downtown Covington beginning Thursday, May 7, with the launch of the 25th season of Concerts on the Square.
Superior Court Judge Horace J. Johnson, Jr., Alcovy Judicial Circuit, Covington, became President-Elect of the Council of Superior Court Judges on Friday, and his term will run through April 30, 2016.
One of the first items on Newton County School Superintendent Samantha Fuhrey's agenda for the 2015-16 school year was filling the vacancies led by South Salem and Porterdale elementary schools principals Holly Dubois and Dr. Lizella Dodson, respectively.
Newton County faces some tough decisions for next year's budget with the Sheriff seeking a $6.2 million increase and county employees impatient for raises.
Newton County School System will hold its annual Kindergarten Round-Up during the week of May 4- May 7. Children must be 5 years old by Sept. 1, 2015 (child must have been born on or before September 1, 2010) to register for the 2015-2016 school year. Parents should bring the prospective kindergarten student with them to the roundup so teachers can conduct screenings with the children.
Emergency room visits continued to mount in 2011, as Newton Medical Center saw 3,000, or 6.7 percent, more visits than in 2010.
The youngest of a group charged in the September beating death of 59-year-old Fred Layne Beeler has been granted a bond, although he has yet to post the amount needed to earn him freedom from the Newton County Jail.
While the previously proposed downtown civic center sits in limbo, officials are wondering if a new airport terminal building could be the city's premier conference center.
When Jim Weadick speaks, his words are chosen with the precision of a lawyer and his eyes have the attentiveness of an administrator, but his spontaneous and boisterous laugh is one of his most defining characteristics.
The Georgia Cattlemen's Association honored Ted Wynne at the Georgia Association of County Agricultural Agents meeting with the Outstanding County Agent of the Year award.
A 35-year-old Newton County man remains in jail after being charged with beating his girlfriend and keeping her from calling 911 for help early Wednesday morning.
The Happy Meal has gotten even happier for one Covington man. Christopher Hamilton, 26, won $52,000 when he scratched a Georgia Lottery instant ticket at a McDonald's drive-thru.
Newton Medical Center CEO Jim Weadick was honored with the R.O. Arnold Award at Thursday's night chamber annual meeting for his lifetime of community service to Newton County.
The 112-year-old Monticello Street home that caught fire Wednesday afternoon may be a total loss, according to Covington Fire Captain Tony Smith.
A night out with friends turned ugly after a fight between two women turned into a fight between their boyfriends as well and ended in one man getting shot in the head.
Mansfield residents continue to fight efforts by Georgia Transmission Corporation to place new power lines through the small city's limits, including exploring legal redress and a state law change.
After no one ran for Newborn's Post 2 council seat in the November election, the Town Council is working to change the charter so they can appoint someone to the seat.
Le Anne Long has a problem, one that's fairly common nationwide. She's had to shell out thousands of dollars to replace a stolen air conditioning unit in a vacant home that she's in charge of. The problem is widespread, and it doesn't seem to be decreasing with the stabilization of the local housing market. Police are trying, but they're stumped as well, as to how to fix a problem that has become an epidemic.
Nowadays, frugality isn't a life choice for most of us. It's a necessity born out of hard times and too little money. The first thing to go for most families is a recreational budget - money you used to have for movies, sports and hobbies is suddenly needed in more important areas like food and shelter. Although, you might be accustomed to thinking you have to spend money to spend time together and/or to be entertained, you'd be amazed by the bevy of free family activities available right in our own community. Let's start with these ...
A 25-year-old man and a juvenile female were arrested early Sunday when officers reported to a home on Morris Drive after neighbors complained of gunshots fired inside the home.
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See more: Educational Toys
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Animal Den Fabric Ball
On the outside, our Haba Animal Den Fabric Ball looks like an ordinary cloth ball, but inside hides a world of discovery. Colorful little animals nestle within the fold of the ball, peeking their heads out to investigate the goings on in the world outside. Some parts squeak, some rustle, and the entire toy abounds with a variety of textures and ...More Details →
Animal Memo
Develop memory skills with our heirloom quality Animal Memo game by Plan Toys. This set contains 24 wooden picture tiles featuring twelve different animals. This set is also great for learning about a variety of animals and their distinguishing facial features. Recommended for children 3 years and older Intended for 2-4 players Includes 2...More Details →
Ball Track Roll 'n Roll 'n Roll
With tinkling bells and chattering wooden tracks, our Ball Track Roll 'n Roll 'n Roll by Haba is a terrific choice for toddlers, who will be enthralled for hours with fun, clattering play. Wooden balls are meant to be rolled down a three-tiered play track of twists, turns, and obstacles. Two smiling friends and a noise-making clatter path at th...More Details →
Teach your child about color matching and dexterity with this simple bumblebee puzzle from Plan Toys, the green toy company. Made of natural, sustainable materials and non-toxic paints, this colorful game is designed to help young children learn about colors and practice their manual dexterity. Each player takes turn matching a bee to its beehiv...More Details →


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Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice
Tools, Tips, Best Practices, Ready-to-use Insights
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Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
moreIs your enterprise architecture making a difference? Does it contribute to the goals of your company? Are the architects your best paid employees? If you are striving for a full-hearted yes to these questions, this is the book for you. "Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice" provides practical advice on how to develop your enterprise architecture practice. The authors developed different tools and models to support organizations in implementing and professionalizing an enterprise architecture function. The application of these tools and models in many different organizations forms the basis for this book. The result is a hands-on book that will help you to avoid certain pitfalls and achieve success with enterprise architecture. A lot of organizations nowadays have a team of enterprise architects at work but struggle with questions like: How do I show the added value of enterprise architecture? How do I determine what specific architectures are necessary for my organization? What steps do I need to take to improve my enterprise architecture practice? and, How do I fulfill the role of enterprise architect? less
Springer; January 2007
215 pages; ISBN 9781402056062
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice
Author: Martin van den Berg; Marlies van Steenbergen
215 pages; ISBN 9781402056062
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice
Author: Martin van den Berg; Marlies van Steenbergen
Buy, download and read Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice (eBook) by Martin van den Berg; Marlies van Steenbergen today!
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Good to Great 2011 US$ 15.99 100 pages
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Baseball, Basketball, Cycling, Dancing, Golf, Hockey, Inline skating, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
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Have had dogs most of my life. none currently I love Labs!
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Enjoy Going to Twins games at Target Field, Taking trips on my Motorcycle, Agate hunting on the North Shore, Biking (love the Root River trail in Lanesboro), Taking someone special on a date
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New Website Showcases the Wearsafe Tag, Latest in Wearable Devices
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When searching for new products and needed services, the first stop for many customers will be online. If you have a well-optimized website and social profiles, they'll likely find reviews of your business via Google+, Facebook, Yelp, and other review websites.