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Egypt-actus's insight:
Hundreds of Egyptian police officers, central security forces, detectives and rescue workers began an open-ended strike on Thursday by Tanta's security office.
Major Ahmed al-Hateemy said that their demands include the sacking of the interior minister, amendment of Article 199 of the constitution and independence from the presidency.
They announced their rejection of, what they described as, the "Brotherhoodization" of the police apparatus.
Meanwhile, central security recruits had started strikes in different locations in Tanta, demanding that they be equipped to face acts of violence and thuggery and for their victims to be treated like the uprising's "martyrs".
The protesters threatened of escalations including refraining from protecting public installations and police offices while several security groups have announced their solidarity.
They forced a Al-Jazeera television team out of the strike, accusing the Qatari-owned channel of defaming the image of the interior ministry.
This content is from :Aswat Masriya
Egypt-actus's insight:
The city of Mansoura , the capital of Dakahlia govenorate in Nile Delta has joined the cities of Tanta and Port Said when it comes to unrest , real unrest.
Early Monday we woke up on clashes in Mansoura between protesters and Muslim brotherhood members at the Governorate HQ when the protesters blocked it with the main way starting some sort of sit in . We knew that Muslim brotherhood sent its followers to disperse that sit in from that Post published by MB's RSSD network claiming that the MB members in Dakahlia went to aid "the citizens" to against those "thugs" blocking the way. (The Egyptian Chronicles)
More : http://egyptianchronicles.blogspot.fr/2013/02/mansoura-joins-tanta-and-portsaid.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+EgyptianChronicles+(Egyptian+chronicles)
Unknown assailants attacked dozens of protesters in Tanta on Monday evening.
The protesters had just boarded a train at Samanoud Station en route to Mansoura to show support for protesters there. Mansoura residents have been demonstrating for the past week. Violence there escalated when a police vehicle ran over and killed one of the protesters on Friday.
As the Tanta demonstrators boarded their train, some chanted slogans against the Muslim Brotherhood, which certain passengers objected too, said Popular Current member Hassan Khalil.
Around 20 individuals boarded the train at the same station and assaulted the opposition protesters, beating them and dragging them off the train. Four were injured, one of whom is in critical condition, Khalil said. They were transferred to the Samanoud Hospital for treatment. (....)
More on: http://arabia.msn.com/news/middle-east/1350504/protesters-attacked-tanta-train-route/
Protesters attacked Gharbiya Security Directorate headquarters and the Tanta Police Station after clashes erupted with security forces following the funeral of activistMohamed al-Gendy on Monday.
Demonstrators hurled stones and Molotov cocktails at the police, who responded with a barrage of teargas to push the protesters back from the buildings. As of Monday night clashes were still ongoing.
Parallel to the clashes, an unidentified group of assailants broke into a gasoline station near the directorate headquarters and robbed the cash register.
Gendy, a member of the Popular Current who resided in Tanta, was in Cairo to take part in mass demonstrations commemorating the second anniversary of the revolution when he disappeared from Tahrir Square on 28 January. Four days later, Popular Current members located him in Al-Helal Hospital in Ramses in critical condition. Party members and Gendy's family accuse the police of arresting and torturing him to death.
The activist's funeral took place on Monday in Tahrir's Omar Makram Mosque. Gendy was then buried in Tanta.
Edited translation from MENA (Egypt independent)
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Tori sat all by herself in her own living room with the television on and a nearly finished Popsicle in hand. Her eyes didn't land much on the screen, though, and she mindlessly licked away at her cold snack, looking mostly at the floor in front of her. Lost in thought, glasses sliding down her nose and a loud television, Tori didn't hear the knocking at her front door.
A voice boomed loudly through the door and Tori jumped at the sudden screech. She grabbed at the nearby remote and turned the television off, quickly standing up and turning in the direction of her visitor. The stick in her hand was still raised and she almost didn't notice that all of the frozen, flavored ice was gone until she was halfway to the door. Realizing that she must have been licking at the bare stick for a few moments, she glanced around, shrugged, and then tossed it behind her with the intent of picking it up and throwing it away later. Soon enough, the door was opening and a very somber looking Jade with hands on her hips was revealed.
"Hey," they both said at the same time. Tori laughed shyly and Jade simply rolled her eyes, trying not to smile but failing anyway.
The sun was already making its descent and night was quickly approaching, and the girls hadn't seen each other all day. They had both said "I love you" barely two days prior, so the gap, however small it may be, away from each other seemed torturous. And the way that they had left things the previous day hadn't helped things either.
"Look," Jade finally began, breaking the momentary awkward silence and moving along with what she came to say. "I'm not ashamed of you, okay?"
Before Tori could even begin to think of a response, Jade was moving forward in a rush, planting her hands on Tori's cheeks and their lips together. It was a surprise to Tori and her body tensed up at the sudden movement, but within seconds she was relaxing and returning the kiss in kind, matching Jade's intensity. It was a long kiss, only breaking once Jade decided that it was good enough and she backed away.
Tori's eyes fluttered slowly open and she gulped, licking her lips and fixing her glasses before landing her eyes back on her girlfriend. "What was that for?"
Jade's eyes were flicking all around the Vega household in search of something and when they hadn't found what they were looking for, the girl sighed. "Damn."
"What is it?"
"Well," Jade shifted awkwardly, a blush reddening her cheeks. "I just really wanted to prove to you that I wasn't ashamed to be with you."
Tori was mildly confused, but thankful that the girl still wanted to be in the relationship as much as she did. "By planting a passionate one on me?"
"I figured that someone else would be here with you. You know, your family or even some of our friends."
Tori's huge grin began it's spread across her face and Jade immediately felt uncomfortable at the level of sappy romantic crap. "You'd do that for me, Jade?"
"Yeah, well," Jade began with more awkward shifting movements. Tori closed the gap between them and wrapped her arms around Jade's neck and pressed their bodies together as the Goth finished. "Just don't get used to it."
"Sorry, baby, the only other person here is my dad and he's in his room."
Jade's face scrunched in disgust and retracted away from Tori's. "Yeah, I don't like that."
"Like what?"
"Calling me baby."
"What?" Tori struck confusion again as her hands began to play with the ends of Jade's hair. "You call me Vegz but I can't call you something cute?"
Jade gave a huge shrug, lifting up Tori's arms and she noticed the minor giggle that came from Tori at the act. "Oh, you can give me a nickname, just as long as it isn't something that can be classified as cute."
"Fair enough," Tori responded with single nod. "Like, what, then?"
Jade began to hum a "hmm" and she let her eyes trail to the ceiling in thought. Her shoulders began to move up and down as she shrugged repeatedly, bouncing Tori's arms and sending the girl into adorable laughter. She let her vision snap back to Tori and a smirk appeared.
"How about," She kissed Tori's laughing mouth and the laughter increased. "We spend the rest of the day together," another kiss and it was hard to tell if Tori would even comprehend what she was saying after. "as a more proper date, and you can figure one out then."
The shoulder shrugging stopped and it took an agonizingly long time for Tor's laughs to die out. But, that didn't stop it from keeping Jade's face locked in a smile until she was finished.
"Deal," finally escaped Tori's lips in an almost whisper.
A "proper date" was mutually agreed to be needed after what they had experienced the day before. After Cat showed up, the girl simply wouldn't leave, no matter how many hints they dropped about wanting to be alone. Although, it was admittedly hard to get their point across when the girl didn't know they were together. Most people might think it would be obvious, though. She did know that they had kissed before and that Jade liked it, and with the two being inseparable lately, it should come as an easy guess.
But, Cat isn't exactly the brightest kitten in the litter.
The happiness surrounding the two girls in the moment got the better of them and they were quickly back to another passionate kiss. Tori was the one to break it this time and she released Jade altogether as she did so.
"So, proper date, huh?" she said, grabbing Jade's hands in her own.
"Yup," Jade took advantage of the hands clasped around hers and she whipped around Tori, leading them to the red couch. "And technically, all a date requires is for two people to spend time together, preferably in a romantic sort of way."
"Mhmm," Tori nodded.
They reached the couch and Jade sat down, patting the seat next to her. "So, why don't we just hang out here again. You might not have realized it, but every time we spend time together like this, it's just… perfect. We don't need to do anything else."
Tori's butt plopped on top of Jade's hand before she could move it and she responded with, "You're right."
"You're gonna' regret that," Jade said, glancing down at Tori's offending cheeks pressing her hand firmly to the cushions beneath. Her hand twisted around so that her palms were resting against the squishy bottom and she pinched, receiving a quick and painful yelp from Tori.
Tori was lifting up as quickly as she could to escape the pale hand under her, but before she could get away, an even quicker Jade was crashing into her and landing them both lying down on the couch.
"See," Sitting atop Tori now, Jade grabbed the girl's hands before they could return the pinch and held them pinned to the couch. "Isn't this much more fun than some stupid restaurant? You can even make us something to eat."
Tori laughed a playful laugh despite her position. "I don't know if I would say fun. Painful, maybe. And why do I have to make the food? You do it!"
"Well, I'm not one for stereotypes, but it would make sense for me to do it."
"Wait, really?"
Jade's lips parted only slightly and a sultry look took hold of her expression. She leaned into Tori, breathing warmly on the girl's face, and just barely let her nose brush Tori's cheeks. "You are the man in the relationship, and I the woman."
"What!" Tori squirmed as hard as she could and nearly managed Jade off of her, but found herself in over head when Jade held tight and she soon gave up. "I am not! If it has to be either way, then you'd be much more of the man than me."
And then, Jade was finally letting go. She lifted up and backed away from Tori, smirking victoriously and folding her arms. "Prove it, then. Make dinner."
"Fine, I will!"
Jade snickered as Tori got up off of the couch and started to go around it towards the kitchen. But, she didn't even make it halfway before something struck her mind and she stopped, twisting back around.
Tori groaned childishly before speaking. "Did you just trick me into a stereotype about women?"
"Yes, now get in the kitchen where you belong, woman!"
In an instant, Tori was at the backside of the couch, leaning over it and hovering her face next to Jade's. Now, the tan, aspiring pop star was sure that her response was going to be clever and even put Jade in her place. She even had a malicious look to match the Goth's. But, to both girls displeasure, Mr. Vega appeared.
"Hey, girls," the manly voice spoke not far from them.
Tori bolted away from Jade just as fast as she had gotten next to her, if not faster, and faced her father. "Oh, hey, dad."
He gave the two a curious look as Tori fidgeted nervously with her finger tips and nearly stood on her tiptoes, with Jade simply looking elsewhere and trying not to show the blush in her cheeks.
"So, what are you two up two?" he asked innocently, heading into the kitchen.
"Oh, you know," Tori laughed her dorky nervous laugh and Jade tried not to scoff at the obviousness of the body language. "Just hangin' out."
"Oh, yeah?" The man reached the refrigerator and opened it, pulling out a glass bottle of orange soda.
After seeing his daughter's nod, he decided to add, "I've noticed the two of you together often lately. Let me guess; Tori was as stubborn as always and wouldn't let up until you agreed to be her friend, Jade?"
The two Vega's looked to the black clad beauty on the couch, Tori's eyes slowly trailing nervously to her, and waited for the response. A response that didn't immediately come.
"Jade?" he asked.
"Oh," Jade finally snapped around and let loose a harsh breath. "Yeah, something like that."
"You're not planning on murdering her, are you?"
Tori's eyes snapped wide and she was instantly looking back at him. "Dad!"
"I'm just kidding, sweetie," he said, already heading back to whatever secret hiding place he had emerged from. "Have fun."
And, under her breath, Jade muttered, "Oh, we will."
Tori was on the verge of getting whiplash as she once again snapped around, this time back to Jade with an angrily surprised look.
"What?" Jade shrugged the question.
"What do you mean what?" Tori found the couch again, pressing her palms to the edge and leaning into it. "Imagine if he had heard you, Jade!"
"So? It's not like it would have alerted him to our status."
The same sort of anger felt the day before began it's rapid build up in Tori and she wanted desperately not to go down that path again. She searched hard within her mind to calm herself before things took another turn for the worse and one of the girls ended up at the others doorstep, apologizing for something that never should have happened in the first place.
Finally landing on a realization, Tori spoke. "We need to tell everyone about us."
"Wait a second," Jade started, confused and twisting her body all of the way around on the couch so that her knees were on the cushions. "You were about to get angry with me for almost letting the secret loose, which I had actually come here to do in the first place and that you were okay with, and now you want us to-"
"Alright then," Tori's farther was once again coming out of nowhere and interrupting them, and Tori realized that he had come from the direction of the bathroom this time. "I'll see you later, Tor."
Slowly, Tori turned back towards her father. She was actually starting to think she would get dizzy from all of her twisting and turning. "Where you off to?" she asked him.
"Date night with your mom. She didn't tell you?"
Both girls watched the man approach the door, glass bottle still in hand, before Tori was responding. "Not that I remember, no."
"Then why the orange soda if you're going to eat with your wife?" Jade contributed.
He looked down at the bottle in his hand and smiled, looking back to Jade just after. "We don't have to eat somewhere to be on a date. I'm going to meet up with her and then we'll see where the evening takes us from there. Much more fun that way."
Jade smiled victoriously at Tori as the man added a final, "See ya girls," and headed out the door. Tori simply crossed her arms and stuck her tongue out at Jade.
"Don't smile like that. It's unbecoming." Tori said.
Jade smiled wider, lifting as high as she could on her knees to match Tori's height. "Don't pout adorably like that. It's cute."
"And we all know Jade hates cute."
And Jade actually laughed. "Don't you forget it, either. Except bunnies, though. Bunnies get a free pass on cuteness."
Tori let her arms separate and she leaned back into the couch, her face approaching Jade's. "I'll never fully understand you, will I?"
"Probably not."
Their lips met, quick and with a single peck. Tori's arms wrapped themselves back around Jade's neck and Jade's hands found Tori's midsection, her forearms resting on the back of the couch. They kissed again, longer this time and when it was finished, Tori simply looked into her girlfriends eyes, slowly building up courage to go through with her original thought.
"We're just going to end up arguing again and again if we don't come out," she finally said.
Jade began to think the issue over, taking her time and thinking about it thoroughly. Her smile fell and ultimately, it came down to if she felt being with Tori was worth whatever shame, embarrassment, or other negativity might come from it. But, then again, she also felt that there would be no shame or embarrassment if she was with the person she loved, and Jade felt that she truly had come to love the unique girl in front of her. It was, after all, the entire reason that she had come over this night in the first place.
"I know," she finally whispered.
"I mean," Tori sighed, pressing her head to Jade's. "I just don't want this to end. I love you."
Another whispered, "I know," and Jade was smiling again.
Tori joined in with that smile, but Jade's changed, returning to its favorite devious form as she said, "And maybe you can show me all of that love in your room again now that no one else is here."
Tori quickly bit her lip before finding her bearings. She slapped lightly at Jade's back before responding. "Down girl. We still haven't decided on who to tell first."
At nearly the same time, something towards the front door caught both girls eyes. Their heads quickly snapped in that direction, finding that a very stunned looking father was standing in the open doorway.
Nobody said a thing. They were all frozen with wide eyes and heavy breaths. Slowly, Mr. Vega reached to his right and grabbed the keys that he had forgotten off of the wall. Once he had them, he raised his opposite hand with a pointed finger in preparation to speak, but found himself at a loss for words. He continued to stand frozen with those same shocked eyes and an open mouth before suddenly turning around to leave, shutting the door behind him without a word.
Jade spoke first, looking back to Tori just as Tori looked to her. "Well, that was easy."
Note: Okay, super long note time.
So, this is the final chapter I think. I'd be quite satisfied if this is where it stays. I'm truly sorry for everyone who wished for it to continue, but it really was just a victim of my stupidity. I never actually fell upon an actual plot until it was multiple chapters in and somehow, I faltered away from whatever story I had brewing. So, yes, I felt it better to end it now than to drag it on in an aimless direction. I even considered cutting away a few chapters.
1. I thought I would pull it back to the first kiss the girls shared that wasn't hidden under the covers of "rehearsal" back in like, chapter five, I believe it is.
2. I also thought of leaving it off when Tori first said "I love you" in her special way a few chapters ago.
But, I felt that you guys deserved some sort of actual ending, even if there are multiple things that have probably been left unanswered. Namely the whole Cat situation. Either way, tell me your opinion and if this was satisfying enough.
On a good note though, I now have only one story in the works at the moment and can dedicate my full (Probably. I can never account for my many one shots) writing schedule towards it. 'Tori and Jade's slay date' be its name and unlike Stolen Kisses, I do have a full story mapped out. One that is just festering in my brain and itching to get out.
So, (For those who made it this far down my long ass note) I hope you've enjoyed whatever this was, as it sure was a learning experience for me and I appreciate all of the reviews and fans gained throughout. And remember, I love your facial parts.

subset: commoncrawl


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This cute little wise owl needed some serious glasses to help him see. They make him look so smart... don't they? I hope you like this cute graphic tee.


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Meet the 2014 Nominees for the Board of Directors
US Sailing is pleased to announce the nominees for the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee has named three candidates to fill three slots on the Board. The following people have been nominated to run for a three-year term.
Chuck Hawley has been nominated to serve the final year of John Craig's term, who has assumed a new position as Head of ISAF Sailing World Cup.


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Most Recent Articles In Fashion Scoops
Latest Fashion Scoops Articles
- Agi & Sam and Teatum Jones Win Woolmark Prize's British Final
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GOOD CLEAN FOOD: Cool kid chefs Nina Clemente and Michael Reed, who met when both worked at Nancy Silverton's Osteria Mozza, have since gone on to form their own catering companies, Indigo Kid and Root of all Food, respectively, but the two came together for a three-night pop-up dining venture at The Standard in Hollywood that kicked off on Wednesday. The six-course prix fixe feast ($85) features locally grown and sustainable ingredients from farms like One Gun Ranch in Malibu. The menu is vegetable-heavy but features a wild sea bass crudo cured with a citrus beet vinaigrette, as well as a strip steak. Just don't expect too much butter or cream. "We went to battle over the cream," laughed Reed, who created a sunchoke soup that calls for the ingredient. "This is L.A., and our clients can be finicky, but we also have to stay true to ourselves," allowed Clemente. Those foodie friends dining include Tracee Ellis Ross, Liz Goldwyn, Shiva Rose, Marisa Tomei, Michael and Max Chow, PC Valmorbida and Anna Getty. "Michael and I hope that we can continue to do things like this every three or four months. It could be the beginning of a great movement," said Clemente, who formed the Reclaim Real Food campaign with Tomei and Rose when the three made a PSA calling for voters to support California Proposition 37, which would have required foods to label genetically modified ingredients. The bill didn't pass, but the Just Label It campaign is one of the event's beneficiaries, as well as Garden School Foundation, which creates working gardens in public schools. Said Clemente: "We're like the responsible chefs."


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In 5 States, Public Reluctance to Hike Taxes for Higher Ed
October 7, 2010
A new poll from the Pew Center on the States and the Public Policy Institute of California finds that the public is much less likely to back tax increases for higher education than it is for elementary and secondary education. The poll looked at five states: Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois and New York. In all five states, more than 60 percent of voters said that they would back tax increases for elementary and secondary education, and majorities said that they would do so for health and human services. For higher education, support topped 40 percent in all five states, but did not hit a majority in any of them.
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Welcome to the Emerald Coast Florida Chapter of PMI ® - endeavoring to provide value to our membership, the local industry and community, through:
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Ninja Autocomplete
##Ninja Autocomplete the jQuery plugin for lethal interaction
Fork Ninja Autocomplete.
2.) Clone from your fork.
git clone firstname.lastname@example.com:$GITHUB_USER/ninja.autocomplete.git ~/Development
3.) Install dependencies:
cd ~/Development/ninja.autocomplete
npm install
Build and test latest development version:
Watch and build/test when libraries/tests change:
grunt watch
Live reload in your browser when libraries/tests change:
grunt browser
###License Copyright 2008-2012 Jamie Hoover.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


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Part boot, part flat, all comfort all the time, these Annie Lace Up Booties are just what the doctor ordered to solve your raging case of boring-shoes-itis. Yeah, we said it.
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Brunch Bytes - Tablet Devices and the Internet of Things(Daresbury)
InfoLab21, Lancaster University
Thursday, April 19, 2012 from 10:15 AM to 1:00 PM (BST)
This event is part of the Brunch Bytes programme of technical briefings, aimed at digital and creative companies across the Northwest. The series is running parallel at both Lancaster University's InfoLab21 and Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus. To view the entire programme go to:
NB. To be eligible to attend this free event you should be from a northwest SME from the digital and creative sector. Priority will be given to Northwest based SMEs from the digital and creative sectors. Places can only be guaranteed to companies booked onto 3 or more briefings.
Tablet Devices and the Internet of Things
Tablet devices have been around for years but Apple's iPad has reminded the market of it's existence. But do have companies a need for this technology and if so, what are the opportunities? Are tablets a cheaper alternative to computers or do they serve a unique purpose? The utility of tablet technology will vary between companies but it does present a variety of opportunities to generate efficiencies and give greater marketing prospects. Learn how tablet devices are influencing various markets and ways in which you can exploit the technology in your business.
Why attend and what will you get out of it?
Who should attend?
Dr. Reuben Edwards
Dr. Reuben Edwards is Lecturer in Mangement Infomation Systems and M-Commerce at Lancaster University. He has been at the forefront of innovative multimedia application development for over ten years and is renowned for his extensive knowledge of development environments across all platforms. Many of Reuben's research projects employ novel uses of technologies such as RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, Flash Lite, Qt, Maemo, MeeGo (software development platforms) using the iPhone and Android platforms. Reuben was also selected as one of 50 most talented mobile developers in the world (from a community of over 2 million) to be a founding Forum Nokia Champion since 2007.
10:15 - Registration and refreshments
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Please contact Carolyn Hayes firstname.lastname@example.com or 01524 510465 if you have any problems with registering.
ISTEP at InfoLab21
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About ISTEP
ISTEP is a project designed to indentify and support interactions between the North West's Digital and Creative industries and InfoLab21's Departments of Computing and Communication Systems, directly helping businesses to collaborate with the 270+ strong research community at InfoLab21.
ISTEP is delivered under the "Innovation, Advice and Guidance" product, part of the Government's Solutions for Business portfolio, a highly targeted, publically funded suit of products and services offering solutions to real business needs.
InfoLab21 is Lancaster University's world-class ICT Centre of Excellence.
It is a well equipped, high-tech environment providing ICT support for businesses, business incubation facilities, ICT education & training, and research & development.
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I've been running the wordpress site http://www.earthpatheducation.com. Upon updating my plugins today, I've become complete locked out of the website and the admin website. Furthermore I can't even access the FTP through my GoDaddy hosting account. The error message that shows up is below. Can you help? Thank you.
Fatal error: Call to undefined method stdClass::add_role() in /home/content/21/8795021/html/wp-content/plugins/backwpup/inc/class-install.php on line 94


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A thin film photovoltaic cell having a semiconductor layer of cadmium sulfide and a semiconductor layer of cadmium telluride is manufactured in a process in which the cadmium sulfide and the cadmium telluride are deposited onto a conductive layer of a substrate by RF sputtering. A layer of cadmium sulfide is deposited on the conducting layer of the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. After the cadmium sulfide is deposited, a layer of cadmium telluride is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The RF sputtering deposition of the two semiconductor layers increases the efficiency of the cell and is conducive to a large scale manufacturing process. The photovoltaic cell may include only two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction. A third semiconductor layer, typically zinc telluride, may be added to the cell to form a p-i-n junction. The efficiency of the cell is further increased by treatment with cadmium chloride and annealing in dry air. The cadmium chloride is deposited using laser-driven physical vapor deposition. The cell is then annealed at approximately 400 degrees Celsius in air prior to deposition of the second contact. The second contact is deposited using vacuum evaporation of copper and gold.
1. A method for making a photovoltaic cell, said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a substrate;
b) depositing a conductive layer onto the substrate;
c) positioning said substrate in a pressure chamber and operating a planar magnetron sputtering system for RF sputtering cadmium sulfide onto the conductive layer of the substrate to form a cadmium sulfide film having a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.5 microns;
d) positioning said substrate in a pressure chamber and operating a planar magnetron sputtering system for RF sputtering cadmium telluride onto the cadmium sulfide film to form a cadmium telluride film having a thickness of about 1.0 to 1.5 microns;
e) depositing cadmium chloride onto the cadmium telluride film to treat the cadmium telluride film, said cadmium chloride being deposited using laser-driven physical vapor deposition of a cadmium chloride target;
f) annealing the cell in dry air at a temperature between 300 and 500 degrees Celsius for a period of 30 to 60 minutes, whereby the grain size of the cadmium telluride is increased and the resistivity of the cadmium telluride is decreased; and
g) evaporating a metal on the cadmium telluride film to form a second conductive layer, whereby a photovoltaic cell with an efficiency of at least 10% is formed.
2. The method according to claim 1 including the additional step of, after the RF sputtering of the cadmium telluride, operating a planar magnetron sputtering system for RF sputtering zinc telluride onto the cadmium telluride film to form a zinc telluride film and then evaporating a conductive metal on the zinc telluride film.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the substrate is a transparent glass substrate and the conductive layer is a transparent tin oxide layer.
4. The method according to claim 1 including the additional steps of, after annealing the cell, washing the cell with deionized water to dissolve the residual cadmium chloride remaining on the cadmium telluride film.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein operating a planar magnetron sputtering system includes positioning a magnetron sputter gun and target within inches of the substrate in an atmosphere of argon gas within the pressure chamber.
6. The method according to claim 5 wherein said cadmium telluride and said cadmium sulfide are RF sputtered using a magnetron sputter gun rated up to 500 watts for a two inch gun.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of RF sputtering of the cadmium sulfide and the cadmium telluride occurs in a pressure chamber in an atmosphere of argon gas, said argon gas being supplied to the pressure chamber at a pressure range of 1 to 15 milli-Torrs with a flow rate of approximately 20 standard cubic centimeters per minute.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein evaporating a metal on the cadmium telluride to form a second conductive layer includes the evaporation of two metals to form two separate layers on the cadmium telluride.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein copper is the first metal evaporated to form a conductive layer on the cadmium telluride and gold is the second metal evaporated to form a conductive layer.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the copper is formed with a thickness of approximately 30 Angstroms and the gold is formed to a thickness of approximately 200 Angstroms.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates; to photovoltaic cells and methods for making photovoltaic cells, and more particularly to RF sputtering for thin film cadmium telluride photovoltaic cells to improve efficiency and reduce production costs.
2. Summary of Related Art
Photovoltaic technology offers great potential as an alternative source of electrical energy. One of the main reasons that such potential has not yet been realized is the difficulty in making photovoltaic devices that efficiently transform light into electricity at a cost that is competitive with conventional energy sources. Researchers are continually striving to improve the efficiency and reduce the production costs of photovoltaic cells.
The standard photovoltaic cell includes a substrate for mounting the cell and two ohmic contacts/conductors for passing current to an external electrical circuit. The cell also includes two or three semiconductor layers in series. In addition to the n-type layer and the p-type layer of a two layer semiconductor cell, the three layer cell includes an intrinsic (i-type) layer positioned between the n-type layer and the p-type layer for absorption of light radiation.
The semiconductor layers may be formed from single crystalline materials, amorphous materials, or polycrystalline materials. Single crystal materials are the preferred material from an efficiency standpoint, with efficiencies over 20% available in certain single crystal photovoltaic systems. However, single crystal materials have,significant drawbacks because of the high cost of material and the difficulty in depositing single crystal materials.
In considering amorphous materials, the carrier mobility and lifetime are low. While amorphous and single crystal materials are useful in the practice of photovoltaic cells, the polycrystalline materials are preferred.
For polycrystalline materials, there are a number of advantages during the production process. Researchers in the field desire to increase the efficiency of the polycrystalline materials from the current 1-10% efficiency to the 10-15% efficiency range, which is closer to the 20-25% range of the single crystal material.
Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor whose electronic properties have long been recognized as ideally suited for photovoltaic conversion of sunlight. Cadmium telluride is preferred for thin film photovoltaic applications because of its direct band gap and its ability to be doped n-type and p-type, which permits formation of a variety of junction structures.
However, there remains a continuing need for a more efficient and less expensive photovoltaic cell, and particularly for a more efficient cadmium telluride photovoltaic cell that is suitable for mass production volume. Much of the early research work regarding cadmium telluride solar cells was restricted to the use of a single crystal cadmium telluride, which is an expensive material obtained by slowly growing a crystal from a melt containing cadmium and tellurium.
More recent photovoltaic cell development work with cadmium telluride has included methods to improve the deposition of the cadmium telluride on the substrate. Examples of deposition procedures currently available include electrodeposition, chemical vapor deposition, close spaced sublimation, solid-gas reaction, spray pyrolysis, sputtering, liquid phase epitaxy, molecular beam epitaxy, and other techniques known in the art. The present invention encompasses a new and unique application of RF sputtering for depositing both cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride in a photovoltaic cell.
In the processes shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,086,101 and 4,095,006 to Jordan et al, photovoltaic cells have been formed by coating a hot sheet of glass, previously coated with a tin oxide, with a thin film of cadmium sulfide. The film of cadmium sulfide was formed by spraying the substrate with a solution comprising a solvent, a cadmium salt, a sulphur containing compound and an aluminum containing soluble compound. The spray process is conducted while the surface of the substrate is maintained at a temperate in the range of 500� F. to 1100� F. After the spray process is completed, the coated substrate is heated further and then cooled to room temperature. The cadmium sulfide is converted to copper sulfide by dipping the coated glass in a weak acid solution.
A third U.S. patent to Jordan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,933 includes the additional step of irradiating the layer of polycrystallian cadmium sulfide with intense ultra-violet light during processing.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,802, Fulop et al. discloses an improved electrodeposition process for producing cadmium telluride photovoltaic cells. A cadmium telluride film is formed having a barrier layer on one side and a conductive layer on the other side. The cadmium telluride is electrodeposited from either an acidic or alkaline bath onto a substrate consisting of cadmium coated on a base substrate having a rest potential more positive than that of cadmium. The cadmium telluride film is treated by annealing and plasma etching or electrolytic treatment to produce modified crystalline characteristics. The cell disclosed in Fulop et al includes only two semiconductors, a cadmium surface layer and the cadmium telluride film.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,331,707 to Muruska et al discloses an additional method for forming a thin film of cadmium sulfide. The film of cadmium sulfide is fabricated by first depositing a layer of cadmium oxide by spray pyrolysis of a cadmium salt solution followed by annealing of the oxide layer at elevated temperature in the presence of a sulfide ion. The thermally induced ion exchange of the sulfur for oxygen produces a cadmium sulfide.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,388,483; 4,666,569; and 4,680,611 to Basol et al disclose an alternative means for electrodepositing a layer of semiconductor material and heating the film to create a low-resistivity p-type semiconductor compound. Also disclosed is a multi-layer ohmic contact for the p-type semiconductor. The Ohmic contacts have two metal layers, a first layer to provide a stable contact with the p-type semiconductor and a second layer to provide the electrical conductivity. Additional patents which disclose a process for fabricating thin film photovoltaic cells include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,400,244 to Kroger et al for electrochemical deposition; 4,709,466 to McCandless for heat treating and then rapid cooling of the photovoltaic cell; and 4,734,381 to Mitchell for lead telluride deposited on cadmium telluride.
Several recent patents have disclosed p-i-n photovoltaic cells with three layers of semiconductors. The advantages of using three layers of semiconductors instead of two layers of semiconductors include the ability to choose materials with properties for each component of the device. Solar radiation is absorbed in the intrinsic layer, and photogenerated positive and negative charge carriers are field assisted to the p and n regions. Cadmium telluride is self-compensating and prefers to be intrinsic. The n-type layer generally consists of cadmium sulfide and the p-type layer generally consists of zinc telluride.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,684 Ondris et al. teaches a three semiconductor layer structure prepared by electrodeposition. The process disclosed includes three electrodeposition baths with process temperatures less than 100 degrees Celsius and with limited exposure time between the three baths. U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,589 to Meyers et al teaches a photovoltaic cell having an n-type layer of cadmium sulfide deposited by vacuum evaporation or a narrow gap reactor, an intrinsic layer of electrodeposited cadmium tellurium, and a p-type layer of zinc tellurium deposited by vacuum evaporation.
DC and RF sputtering are widely used techniques for the deposition of thin films for insulators and metals. However, the use of sputtering techniques for photovoltaic cells has not tested or utilized.
In most RF sputtering systems a cathode and an anode are positioned in an atmosphere of heavy gas, such as argon. A radio frequency field is established between the cathode and the anode for the sputtering of materials. The cathode is the target and is made up of the materials to be sputtered. The anode is the electrode toward which the molecules of the target are driven for deposit. In planar magnetron sputtering, the anode consists of a ring-shaped electrode with diameter slightly larger than the circular target. Permanent magnets are placed under the target, thereby creating a magnetic field which serves to constrain the electron and ion paths. When the RF voltage is applied between the target (typically negative) and the anode ring (typically grounded positive), the electrons are concentrated in a circular orbit a few millimeters above the target. This type of magnetron sputtering gun has the advantage of minimizing the bombardment of the substrate with electrons and ions, often improving the film characteristics.
The frequencies at which sputtering machines may operate are established by the Federal Communications Commission. The frequencies include 13.56 megahertz and the second and third harmonics of that frequency.
Large sputtering machines are not limited in processing to the size of the pressure chamber. Air or pressure locks in the walls of the pressure chamber enable continuous sputtering upon a pass-through substrate without opening the chamber.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,105,310 to Dickey discloses a method for depositing a multi-layer antireflection coating on a transparent substrate by DC sputtering. DC sputtering is often used for large scale commercial applications. In line vacuum chambers are provided for multiple layers.
A process for the sputter deposition of dielectric materials, such as aluminum oxide, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,385 to Hartsough. U.S. Pat. No. 4,392,931 to Maniv et al also teaches a sputtering system designed primarily for oxides.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,427 to Hidler teaches a planar magnetron sputtering means having a defined plasma area. The host target material and a dopant material are disposed in the magnetron area and are deposited at the same time.
It is often difficult with the known RF sputtering systems to obtain a thin film with controlled resistivity, transparency, and composition for use in semiconductor applications. U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,055 to Ijaz et al discloses the sputtering of a photovoltaic layer of a polycrystalline film consisting of cadmium, silicon, and arsenide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,490 to Weber provides details regarding the equipment and processes that are utilized to sputter at a RF in the megahertz range.
In accordance with the present invention, a thin film photovoltaic cell having a semiconductor layer of cadmium sulfide and a semiconductor layer of cadmium telluride is manufactured in a process in which the cadmium sulfide and the cadmium telluride are deposited onto a conductive layer of a substrate by RF sputtering using a planar magnetron sputtering gun.
The photovoltaic cell of the present invention includes a glass substrate having a transparent conducting layer, such as tin oxide. A layer of cadmium sulfide is then deposited on the conducting layer by RF sputtering. The RF sputtering provides a thin layer of cadmium sulfide which may be heavily doped to minimize ohmic losses. The RF sputtering process is suitable and cost effective for large scale production operations.
After the cadmium sulfide is deposited, a layer of cadmium telluride is deposited using RF sputtering. Cadmium telluride is ideal for absorbing light from the solar spectrum. The RF sputtering deposition of the two semiconductor layers increases the efficiency of the cell and is conducive to a large scale manufacturing process.
The photovoltaic cell may include only two semiconductor layers forming a p-n junction. A third semiconductor layer, typically zinc telluride, may be added to the cell to form a p-i-n junction.
One of the limitations of the output of the cell is the crystal grain size of the cadmium telluride. The efficiency of the cell can be increased significantly by treatment with cadmium chloride and annealing in dry air. The cadmium chloride is deposited using laser-driven physical vapor deposition. The cell is then annealed at approximately 400 degrees Celsius in air prior to deposition of the second contact.
The second contact is deposited using vacuum evaporation of copper and gold. The multi-layer contact provides a stable contact with the cadmium telluride and an efficient contact for electrical conductivity.
An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic cell with improved efficiency. The majority of the polycrystalline cells have efficiencies in the 5 to 10% range. The present invention will be able to obtain efficiencies in the 10 to 15% range.
A further object of the present invention is to develop a process which is practical and cost effective from a manufacturing standpoint. In order to make energy production from photovoltaic cells a viable energy option, the cells must be producible on a full scale manufacturing operation at an inexpensive price.
The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagrammatic view of the photovoltaic cell of the present invention having two semiconductor layers.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional diagrammatic view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention having three semiconductor layers.
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic sectional view of a chamber suitable for sputter depositing cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, and other semiconductors onto a substrate.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the voltage and current characteristics of a photovoltaic cell in which a cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride junction is formed according to the present invention.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a completed photovoltaic cell device 10 having two layers of semiconductor material. The cell 10 includes a substrate 12 on which an electrically conductive layer 14 is disposed to provide ohmic contact. The semiconductor layers 16 and 18 forming the n-p junction are disposed on conductive layer 14. The final two layers 20 and 22 are conductive layers and form a multi-layer ohmic contact.
FIG. 2 discloses a cell 24 provided with three semiconductor layers 16, 26, and 28 to form a p-i-n junction. Semiconductor layer 26 is the intrinsic layer, which absorbs light and layers 16 and 28 provide an electric field which assists movement of the positive and negative charge carriers. The substrate 12, conductive layers 14, 20, and 22, and the first semiconductor layer 16 are the same for both cells 10 and 24.
Substrate 12 may be transparent, such as glass, or may be opaque, such as stainless steel. When the substrate 12 is transparent, light passes through the substrate 12 and through a transparent conductive layer 14 into semiconductor layer 16. Transparent, electrically conductive oxides, such as tin oxide, may be used for the conductive layer 14.
When an opaque substrate 12 is provided, the cell 10 is inverted and light enters semiconductor 18 through conductor layers 20 and 22, which are transparent and/or disposed in a grid-like fashion. When an opaque substrate 12 is utilized, the electrically conducting layer 14 may be unnecessary.
The semiconductor layers are formed from the II-VI compounds, which are well known for their use in photovoltaic applications. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor layer 16 is an n-type layer formed from cadmium sulfide. The p-type layer 18 is formed from cadmium telluride. Cadmium telluride is self-compensating and may be doped to form the p-type layer 18.
In cell 24 of FIG. 2, the semiconductor layer 16 is the same n-type layer formed from cadmium sulfide. Cadmium telluride is the preferred semiconductor for the intrinsic layer 26. Zinc telluride is employed as the p-type layer 28. Other II-VI polycrystalline semiconductors may be used for the three semiconductor layers 16, 26, and 28.
The manufacturing process starts with a glass substrate and the application of the first conductive coating. A transparent oxide coating, such as tin oxide, is applied to the glass.
The next step in the process is the depositing of the first semiconductor layer. Cadmium sulfide is deposited using RF sputtering techniques. It is desirable that the cadmium sulfide layer be as thin as possible to minimize the amount of light absorbed in the top layer. The cadmium sulfide may also be doped to minimize ohmic losses.
The RF sputtering system 30 for both the cadmium sulfide and the cadmium telluride, as shown in FIG. 3, typically includes a stainless steel vacuum chamber 32. The sputtering system utilizes a 13.56 megahertz generator and power monitor 36 with a network impedance matching system. The impedance of the load circuit should match the impedance of the power generator to improve power utilization in the system 30. The power rating of the generator will be between 150 to 500 watts for two inch diameter targets. For larger targets and substrates, the power should be scaled approximately in proportion to the area.
The sputtering source 34 is connected to the generator and power monitor 36. The sputtering source 34 includes a planar magnetron sputter gun and the target for sputtering operations. The sputtering source 34 is mounted on a support 38 extending into the vacuum chamber 32. The target material is pressed and sintered cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride prepared from powder. The sputtering gun includes an anode ring which is slightly larger than the target.
The substrate holder 40 is typically grounded and includes a tantalum wire heater 41 for radiatively heating the substrate 12 of cell 10 and its holder 40. For a two inch diameter sputtering target and a four inch square substrate, the typical distance from the target in sputtering source 34 to the substrate of cell 10 is three inches. Ionized atoms of the sputter gas, argon, are driven into the target causing backward sputtering of the target atoms onto the heated substrate. The sputter gun and substrate can be operated in any orientation relative to the earth's gravity.
The proper background gas must be present in the chamber 32 to facilitate the formation of a sputtering plasma between the anode and the cathode. The sputtering system 30 utilizes an atmosphere of gas having heavy ions, such as argon. The turbo pump 42 draws a vacuum when gate valve 44 is opened. Argon is supplied through needle valve 46. The argon gas is furnished at a low pressure of approximately 5 milli-Torrs. The pressure may vary over a range of 1-15 milli-Torrs. The flow rate for the argon gas is optimal at approximately 20 standard cubic centimeters per minute.
To deposit the semiconductor layer of cadmium sulfide, the substrate 12 with conductive layer 14 is placed in the chamber for 10 to 90 minutes. The thickness of the cadmium sulfide will be between 0.05 and 0.5 microns depending on the sputtering time.
After the cadmium sulfide has been deposited, the cadmium telluride is deposited using the same sputter deposition method. The target in the sputtering source 34 is changed to cadmium telluride for this step. The sputtering is continued until a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 microns is obtained.
The efficiency of the cell 10 may be improved significantly by the next processing step, the laser-driven physical vapor deposition of cadmium chloride. This process occurs in a vacuum chamber similar to chamber 32. A pulsed laser, such as a xenon chloride excimer laser, is directed at a target of powdered cadmium chloride. The laser is operated in pulses of nanosecond duration. The cadmium chloride treatment increases the crystal grain size, which results in increased efficiency of the cell 10.
After deposition of the cadmium chloride, the cell 10 is annealed at 400 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes in dry air. The annealing process can be varied over the range to 300 to 500 degrees Celsius for 10 to 30 minutes to achieve the optimum annealing. If cadmium chloride residue is a problem, the cell 10 may be washed to dissolve the residual cadmium chloride with deionized water.
In addition to the steps outlined above, one additional step is required in the manufacture of the cell 24 with three semiconductor layers. The third layer 28 is typically formed using zinc telluride. The sputtering system 30 is used to deposit the zinc telluride in layer 28. In cell 24 with the p-i-n configuration, the cadmium telluride layer 26 is the intrinsic layer and is maintained at a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 microns. The zinc telluride layer 28 is typically 0.2 to 0.5 microns thick.
After the semiconductor layers have been deposited, the second conductor is formed to complete the cell 10. The preferred conductor is a two layer ohmic contact. The first layer is a layer of copper 20 having a thickness of approximately 30 Angstroms. The copper is vacuum evaporated onto the surface of the p-type semiconductor, the cadmium telluride film 18, and provides a stable ohmic contact. However, there is not enough copper to cause shorting across the film 18.
The thin copper layer 20 is not an adequate current collector. A second layer 22 of metal is formed on the copper layer 20 to facilitate current collection. The preferred metal for layer 22 is gold with a thickness of approximately 200 Angstroms. Other metals, such as nickel and chromium are also acceptable. Vacuum evaporation is also used to deposit the layer 22 of gold.
Photovoltaic cells 10 of the present invention having cadmium sulfide and a cadmium telluride semiconductor deposited by RF sputtering have provided superior efficiency compared to other polycrystalline cells. Various property measurements have been made on the cells 10 of the present invention.
The voltage-current characteristics of the photovoltaic cell 10 are shown in FIG. 4. The maximum power is achieved at point 50 of the graph where the maximum power equals 1.193 milli-watts (1.805 milliamps at 0.6607 volts). The open circuit voltage 54 is equal to 0.815 volts. The short circuit current 52 is equal to 2.01 milliamps. The short circuit current density equals 17.61 milliamps per square centimeter. The fill factor equals 0.728 and the efficiency equals 10.4%. Higher efficiencies in the range of 12% to 14% should be achievable on a regular basis once the sputtering and annealing processes have been optimized through further testing.
The method of forming a photovoltaic cell is well suited for large scale production operations. Sputtering has been implemented on a number of large surface filming processes in the glass industry. Large sputtering machines are not limited in processing to the size of the pressure chamber 32. Air or pressure locks (not shown) in the walls of the pressure chamber enable continuous sputtering upon a pass-through substrate without opening the chamber. A number of pressure chambers may be arranged in series to permit the continuous manufacture of cells as the substrate is passed through the chambers. All of the process steps listed above are suited for a high volume production line which could produce an efficient cell at a cost that is very competitive with other means for manufacturing the cells. There are no liquid baths required for depositing the semiconductors, and operating problems and adjustments should be minimal once the system is set up.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.
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2 Parks near Bellevue, Washington
Issaquah, Washington 8.45 miles SE
Lynnwood, Washington 13.76 miles NW
Carnation, Washington 13.84 miles NE
Des Moines, Washington 14.22 miles SW
Preston, Washington 14.35 miles SE
Bellevue, Washington (map) | (425) 747-9181
Sites: 20 | Latest Rate: $52.00 | 48 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
May 2015 - $52.00
I wish I had stayed in a parking lot. Too small, too tight, not friendly, slides almost touch. Mostly long-term residents with much debris. My dog would not even walk on the grass in the dog area because of the feces. One owners pit (friendly, thank goodness) was let loose and charged me and my little dog. Find a Walmart, etc. - slowspokes
Oct 2014 - $50.00
Primarily permanent residents. Very rundown looking. Sewer access infringed on neighboring sites. Very noise highway outside gate. Only positive is close proximity to Seattle area. WiFi was too slow to use. - User3508
Sep 2014 - $36.00
We stayed here four 4 nights in Sept to visit friends in the area. The sites are packed and in ours (close to the office) you parked parallel to your rig. You probably won't put up your awning. The management was tidy and kept things orderly and timely. I would give him a 10. I can't fault a park for being old but this park needs some TLC. The main sign is falling apart and there are areas that need attention. Still, I would stay here again. The biggest surprise was how quiet our site (77) was, since the park was adjacent to the freeway. But it's location near Bellevue makes it very attractive. If you're not real fussy this is a good place to make camp. - gritz
Bellevue, Washington (map) | (425) 746-3260
Sites: 22 | Latest Rate: $35.00 | 9 Reviews
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|Clean Showers:
Oct 2014 - $35.00
The campground is $35 per night or $180 per week. It is very quiet, beautifully situated on the lake. In the office, very friendly employees. For visitors to the city of Seattle, the location is ideal. However, you need a vehicle (Towing-Car). The wifi is extremely fast. We felt very comfortable here and would definitely come back. - usa
Aug 2011 - $25.00
We did some research about this park before we left, and in short if you know to expect: a good proximity to Seattle and tight spots, you'll find an enjoyable good deal. The Park was full when we got there, and our arrogant neighbors parked/setuptent over the site boundaries so we hardly had enough room to pull in, never mind set up the awning. The tight fit made it too loud to use the water pump at night in consideration of the neighbors. There is in fact WiFi, you have to ask for it, and the network is so far from the campsites that connectivity is nil, but you could probably walk within better range. The lake front property is beautiful, well maintained and sprawling. There is actually no sense why there are so few sites and why the sites are sooooo sardined. Most all sites are not parallel to the lake. The staff seem nice and helpful enough, and they keep close watch on the gate which is open/guarded from 9a-8p. In/out after hours is fine but you have to let yourself in (easy enough). I think because of that the park users shut down early, and the nights and mornings are quiet. What a bonus. Dogs are allowed, (at the time guests let them them bark endlessly). Dogs are not allowed on the beach, and there is a great large off-leash fenced in area across the cross-walked street. I don't know about sani-hook-up sites, but there was a free clean sani-station with easy water access. There is coin laundry. Also there were functions held on the property when we were there, we are not sure if they were private or not. It is beautiful, accommodating, and peaceful. Just manage your expectations of this resort, and the smaller your set up the better. - wundurgrrl
Oct 2010 - $25.00
Only half of the sites are full hookup; we got just a W/E site. Fine by us, only issue was when dumping at the end of our stay, the dump station is on the wrong side if you are following their 1-way road. So we had to break that rule. Sites were on nice grass near a lake, and within a nice neighborhood. The staff also does a good job of keeping it clean. There are 1 or 2 longterm residents. It looked like it could be a fun place to play in the summer (water slides and volleyball) It wasn't crowded for us, but if they happen to fill up it could be a little tight. The park it right along a semi-busy road, making walking the dog around the area a little worrisome, and pulling out a leap of faith. Overall, the price and proximity to downtown (15 minutes if traffic is light) make it a great choice if you are visiting Seattle. - youngtexasrv


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Hooked Clothings 'Holiday 13′ Collection
By Julian Loh, February 6, 2013
We recently showed you the exclusive collaboration range that Hooked Clothings created with Leftfoot, and now here's a look at their latest collection, titled Holiday 13. Key items include a matching jacket and shorts in tiger camo, double-tone floral shirts, as well as denim shirts and jackets.
The collection is available now at: Leftfoot Entrepot, 2 Handy Road, The Cathay, #01-19/20; and W.E, Wisma Atria, #03-16-49, 435 Orchard Road, Singapore.
Streething Staff Pick May
Editor's Pick: adidas Superstar Supercolor for 7 days
THING: PUMA Spring/Summer'15 Tennis Collection Lookbook
Streething Staff Pick April
STREET: Interview with Futura at Converse 'Made by you' @ Hong Kong
THING: Streething x PUMA SS'15 Disc Blaze Collection Lookbook
STREET: Nike Air Max Collectors
STREET: 2015 Fashion Trends and Predictions
Streething Staff Pick February
STREET: Streething Editor's Picks – Cafes to visit in Bangkok
Dr. Martens Store @ Wheelock Place, Singapore
Nike Women Roshe Run Black-Sail
Converse First String 1970s Chuck Taylor All Star Collection
ZOZOTOWN x adidas Originals 'Campus 80s' / XLARGE x adidas Originals 'Superstar 80s'
A.P.C. x Carhartt Spring/Summer '12 Collection Preview
Fjallraven 'Kanken' Backpacks @ Very Wooonderland
THING: Nike Flyknit Lunar 1+ "Multi-Colour"
Play Imaginative 'Iron Man 3' 1/4th Scale Super Alloy Figure Series
STREET: New Balance 99X Series Video
Fingercroxx x New Balance MT580FXX
197 Accessories
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136 Bags&Accs
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140 Books&Mags
70 Clothing
11 Contests
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10 Uncategorized
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Hand Forged Wrought Iron Chain For Sale45cm hand forged iron chain with 3 hooks. Probably it has been used for holding a cup of soup over the fire. If you have any questions feel free to ask. Please take a look at my other items.
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Hand Forged Wrought Iron Chain:
Primitive Ooak Annie Doll----handmade---approximately 22" Tall
Antique Advertising Cards Framed In Gesso Frame Shabby Primitive Children
Antique C1900 Victorian Folk Art Leather Postcard Collage Pillow Sham
* Primitive Raggedy Ann ~ Country Doll Denim & Polka Dots * A Is For Annie * Tag
Korra Korrabes H3 Oc Meteorite Individual, Namibia 1996 26.81gr
Antique Primitive Hand Braided Oval Rag Rug American Folk Art Table Candle Mat
Old Laminated Flat Belt Drive Pulley Drum Tractor Hit&miss Farm Machine Buzz Saw
Antique Child's School Slate Chalkboard
Primitive Garden Stitchery ~ 16" X 7.25" ~ Black Frame ~ Glass ~ New


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