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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Cone-based electrical resistivity tomography Adam Pidlisecky1
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Cone-based electrical resistivity tomography Adam Pidlisecky1 , Rosemary Knight1 , and Eldad Haber2 that can provide information about the 3D distribu- tion of electrical conductivity. The technique, cone-bert method. C-bert data are inverted using an inexact Gauss-Newton algorithm to produce a 3D electrical
Knight, Rosemary
Electrical resistance tomography from measurements inside a steel cased borehole
DOE Patents [OSTI]
Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) produced from measurements taken inside a steel cased borehole. A tomographic inversion of electrical resistance measurements made within a steel casing was then made for the purpose of imaging the electrical resistivity distribution in the formation remotely from the borehole. The ERT method involves combining electrical resistance measurements made inside a steel casing of a borehole to determine the electrical resistivity in the formation adjacent to the borehole; and the inversion of electrical resistance measurements made from a borehole not cased with an electrically conducting casing to determine the electrical resistivity distribution remotely from a borehole. It has been demonstrated that by using these combined techniques, highly accurate current injection and voltage measurements, made at appropriate points within the casing, can be tomographically inverted to yield useful information outside the borehole casing.
Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Schenkel, Clifford (Walnut Creek, CA); Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA)
Improving Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Characterization of
Improving Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Characterization of Non-point Source Contaminants on the environment. Urban and agricultural runoff are often associated with an increase in water electrical conductivity. Although electrical conductivity (EC) cannot be used to identify individual chemical species
Fay, Noah
State Waste Discharge Permit Application: Electric resistance tomography testing
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
This permit application documentation is for a State Waste Discharge Permit issued in accordance with requirements of Washington Administrative Code 173-216. The activity being permitted is a technology test using electrical resistance tomography. The electrical resistance tomography technology was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and has been used at other waste sites to track underground contamination plumes. The electrical resistance tomography technology measures soil electrical resistance between two electrodes. If a fluid contaminated with electrolytes is introduced into the soil, the soil resistance is expected to drop. By using an array of measurement electrodes in several boreholes, the areal extent of contamination can be estimated. At the Hanford Site, the purpose of the testing is to determine if the electrical resistance tomography technology can be used in the vicinity of large underground metal tanks without the metal tank interfering with the test. It is anticipated that the electrical resistance tomography technology will provide a method for accurately detecting leaks from the bottom of underground tanks, such as the Hanford Site single-shell tanks.
Not Available
Nonlinear regularization techniques for seismic tomography
The effects of several nonlinear regularization techniques are discussed in the framework of 3D seismic tomography. Traditional, linear, l{sub 2} penalties are compared to so-called sparsity promoting l{sub 1} and l{sub 0} penalties, and a total variation penalty. Which of these algorithms is judged optimal depends on the specific requirements of the scientific experiment. If the correct reproduction of model amplitudes is important, classical damping towards a smooth model using an l{sub 2} norm works almost as well as minimizing the total variation but is much more efficient. If gradients (edges of anomalies) should be resolved with a minimum of distortion, we prefer l{sub 1} damping of Daubechies-4 wavelet coefficients. It has the additional advantage of yielding a noiseless reconstruction, contrary to simple l{sub 2} minimization ('Tikhonov regularization') which should be avoided. In some of our examples, the l{sub 0} method produced notable artifacts. In addition we show how nonlinear l{sub 1} methods for finding sparse models can be competitive in speed with the widely used l{sub 2} methods, certainly under noisy conditions, so that there is no need to shun l{sub 1} penalizations.
Loris, I. [Mathematics Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels (Belgium)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Douma, H. [Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Nolet, G. [Geosciences Azur, Universite de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS/IRD, 250 Rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis 06560 (France); Daubechies, I. [Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Fine Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Regone, C. [BP America Inc., 501 Westlake Park Blvd., Houston, TX 77079 (United States)
Electrical resistance tomography using steel cased boreholes as electrodes
An electrical resistance tomography method is described which uses steel cased boreholes as electrodes. The method enables mapping the electrical resistivity distribution in the subsurface from measurements of electrical potential caused by electrical currents injected into an array of electrodes in the subsurface. By use of current injection and potential measurement electrodes to generate data about the subsurface resistivity distribution, which data is then used in an inverse calculation, a model of the electrical resistivity distribution can be obtained. The inverse model may be constrained by independent data to better define an inverse solution. The method utilizes pairs of electrically conductive (steel) borehole casings as current injection electrodes and as potential measurement electrodes. The greater the number of steel cased boreholes in an array, the greater the amount of data is obtained. The steel cased boreholes may be utilized for either current injection or potential measurement electrodes. The subsurface model produced by this method can be 2 or 3 dimensional in resistivity depending on the detail desired in the calculated resistivity distribution and the amount of data to constrain the models. 2 figs.
Daily, W.D.; Ramirez, A.L.
An electrical resistance tomography method using steel cased boreholes as electrodes. The method enables mapping the electrical resistivity distribution in the subsurface from measurements of electrical potential caused by electrical currents injected into an array of electrodes in the subsurface. By use of current injection and potential measurement electrodes to generate data about the subsurface resistivity distribution, which data is then used in an inverse calculation, a model of the electrical resistivity distribution can be obtained. The inverse model may be constrained by independent data to better define an inverse solution. The method utilizes pairs of electrically conductive (steel) borehole casings as current injection electrodes and as potential measurement electrodes. The greater the number of steel cased boreholes in an array, the greater the amount of data is obtained. The steel cased boreholes may be utilized for either current injection or potential measurement electrodes. The subsurface model produced by this method can be 2 or 3 dimensional in resistivity depending on the detail desired in the calculated resistivity distribution and the amount of data to constain the models.
Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA)
Using electrical resistance tomography to map subsurface temperatures
A method is provided for measuring subsurface soil or rock temperatures remotely using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Electrical resistivity measurements are made using electrodes implanted in boreholes driven into the soil and/or at the ground surface. The measurements are repeated as some process changes the temperatures of the soil mass/rock mass. Tomographs of electrical resistivity are calculated based on the measurements using Poisson's equation. Changes in the soil/rock resistivity can be related to changes in soil/rock temperatures when: (1) the electrical conductivity of the fluid trapped in the soil's pore space is low, (2) the soil/rock has a high cation exchange capacity and (3) the temperature changes are sufficiently high. When these three conditions exist the resistivity changes observed in the ERT tomographs can be directly attributed to changes in soil/rock temperatures. This method provides a way of mapping temperature changes in subsurface soils remotely. Distances over which the ERT method can be used to monitor changes in soil temperature range from tens to hundreds of meters from the electrode locations. 1 fig.
Ramirez, A.L.; Chesnut, D.A.; Daily, W.D.
A method is provided for measuring subsurface soil or rock temperatures remotely using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Electrical resistivity measurements are made using electrodes implanted in boreholes driven into the soil and/or at the ground surface. The measurements are repeated as some process changes the temperatures of the soil mass/rock mass. Tomographs of electrical resistivity are calculated based on the measurements using Poisson's equation. Changes in the soil/rock resistivity can be related to changes in soil/rock temperatures when: (1) the electrical conductivity of the fluid trapped in the soil's pore space is low, (2) the soil/rock has a high cation exchange capacity and (3) the temperature changes are sufficiently high. When these three conditions exist the resistivity changes observed in the ERT tomographs can be directly attributed to changes in soil/rock temperatures. This method provides a way of mapping temperature changes in subsurface soils remotely. Distances over which the ERT method can be used to monitor changes in soil temperature range from tens to hundreds of meters from the electrode locations.
Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA); Chesnut, Dwayne A. (San Francisco, CA); Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA)
3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Cliff Stability Assessment at Pointe du Hoc in Normandy, France
purposes. The objective of this study is to apply advanced 3?D resistivity tomography toward a detailed site stability assessment with special attention to the two at-risk buildings. 3?D resistivity tomography datasets at Pointe du Hoc in the presence...
Udphuay, Suwimon
Using electrokinetic phenomena and electrical resistance tomography to characterize the movement of subsurface fluids
This invention relates generally to the remote detections of subsurface liquid contaminants using in combination a geophysical technique known as ERT and an EKS. Electrokinetic transport is used to enhance the ability of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to detect position and movement of subsurface contaminant liquids, particles or ions. ERT images alone are difficult to interpret because of natural inhomogeneities in soil composition and electrical properties. By subtracting two or more ERT images obtained before and after field induced movement, a high contrast image of a plume of distinct electrokinetic properties can be seen. The invention is applicable to important subsurface characterization problems including, as examples, (1) detection of liquid-saturated plumes of contaminants such as those associated with leaks from underground storage tanks containing hazardous concentrated electrolytes, (2) detection and characterization of soils contaminated with organic pollutants such as droplets of gasoline; and (3) monitoring the progress of electrokinetic containment or clean up of underground contamination.
Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA); Cooper, John F. (Oakland, CA); Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA)
This invention relates generally to the remote detections of subsurface liquid contaminants using in combination a geophysical technique known as ERT and an EKS. Electrokinetic transport is used to enhance the ability of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to detect position and movement of subsurface contaminant liquids, particles or ions. ERT images alone are difficult to interpret because of natural inhomogeneities in soil composition and electrical properties. By subtracting two or more ERT images obtained before and after field induced movement, a high contrast image of a plume of distinct electrokinetic properties can be seen. The invention is applicable to important subsurface characterization problems including, as examples, (1) detection of liquid-saturated plumes of contaminants such as those associated with leaks from underground storage tanks containing hazardous concentrated electrolytes, (2) detection and characterization of soils contaminated with organic pollutants such as droplets of gasoline; and (3) monitoring the progress of electrokinetic containment or clean up of underground contamination. 1 fig.
Ramirez, A.L.; Cooper, J.F.; Daily, W.D.
Digital signal processing techniques for optical coherence tomography : OCT and OCT image enhancement
Digital signal processing (DSP) techniques were developed to improve the flexibility, functionality, and image quality of ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. To reduce the dependence of OCT ...
Adler, Desmond Christopher, 1978-
Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography applied to cave sustainability (Barbados) and groundwater exploration (Saint Lucia)
In this work we apply the method of two-dimensional time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (2D time-lapse ERT) for two different problems. In the first problem, we monitor the structural stability of the roof of the ...
Agramakova, Yulia
Dynamic Inversion for Hydrological Process Monitoring with Electrical Resistance Tomography Under Model Uncertainty
We propose an approach for imaging the dynamics of complex hydrological processes. The evolution of electrically conductive fluids in porous media is imaged using time-lapse electrical resistance tomography. The related dynamic inversion problem is solved using Bayesian filtering techniques, that is, it is formulated as a sequential state estimation problem in which the target is an evolving posterior probability density of the system state. The dynamical inversion framework is based on the state space representation of the system, which involves the construction of a stochastic evolution model and an observation model. The observation model used in this paper consists of the complete electrode model for ERT, with Archie's law relating saturations to electrical conductivity. The evolution model is an approximate model for simulating flow through partially saturated porous media. Unavoidable modeling and approximation errors in both the observation and evolution models are considered by computing approximate statistics for these errors. These models are then included in the construction of the posterior probability density of the estimated system state. This approximation error method allows the use of approximate - and therefore computationally efficient - observation and evolution models in the Bayesian filtering. We consider a synthetic example and show that the incorporation of an explicit model for the model uncertainties in the state space representation can yield better estimates than a frame-by-frame imaging approach.
Lehikoinen, A.; Huttunen, J.M.J.; Finsterle, S.; Kowalsky, M.B.; Kaipio, J.P.
Field validation for the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography (LE-ERT) method was attempted in order to demonstrate the performance of the technique in imaging a simple buried target. The experiment was an approximately 1/17 scale mock-up of a region encompassing a buried nuclear waste tank on the Hanford site. The target of focus was constructed by manually forming a simulated plume within the vadose zone using a tank waste simulant. The LE-ERT results were compared to ERT using conventional point electrodes on the surface and buried within the survey domain. Using a pole-pole array, both point and long electrode imaging techniques identified the lateral extents of the pre-formed plume with reasonable fidelity, but the LE-ERT was handicapped in reconstructing the vertical boundaries. The pole-dipole and dipole-dipole arrays were also tested with the LE-ERT method and were shown to have the least favorable target properties, including the position of the reconstructed plume relative to the known plume and the intensity of false positive targets. The poor performance of the pole-dipole and dipole-dipole arrays was attributed to an inexhaustive and non-optimal coverage of data at key electrodes, as well as an increased noise for electrode combinations with high geometric factors. However, when comparing the model resolution matrix among the different acquisition strategies, the pole-dipole and dipole-dipole arrays using long electrodes were shown to have significantly higher average and maximum values than any pole-pole array. The model resolution describes how well the inversion model resolves the subsurface. Given the model resolution performance of the pole-dipole and dipole-dipole arrays, it may be worth investing in tools to understand the optimum subset of randomly distributed electrode pairs to produce maximum performance from the inversion model.
Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography of the Heart: Technique, Current Applications, and Perspective
Multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) is a rapidly evolving, noninvasive technique for cardiac imaging. Knowledge of the principle of electrocardiogram-gated MSCT and its limitations in clinical routine are needed to optimize image quality. Therefore, the basic technical principle including essentials of image postprocessing is described. Cardiac MSCT imaging was initially focused on coronary calcium scoring, MSCT coronary angiography, and analysis of left ventricular function. Recent studies also evaluated the ability of cardiac MSCT to visualize myocardial infarction and assess valvular morphology. In combination with experimental approaches toward the assessment of aortic valve function and myocardial viability, cardiac MSCT holds the potential for a comprehensive examination of the heart using one single examination technique.
Mahnken, Andreas H., E-mail: email@example.com; Wildberger, Joachim E. [Aachen University of Technology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Germany); Koos, Ralf [Aachen University of Technology, Medical Clinic I (Germany); Guenther, Rolf W. [Aachen University of Technology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Germany)
Quantum state tomography of orbital angular momentum photonics qubits via a projection-based technique
While measuring the orbital angular momentum state of bright light beams can be performed using imaging techniques, a full characterization at the single-photon level is challenging. For applications to quantum optics and quantum information science, such characterization is an essential capability. Here, we present a setup to perform the quantum state tomography of photonic qubits encoded in this degree of freedom. The method is based on a projective technique using spatial mode projection via fork holograms and single-mode fibers inserted into an interferometer. The alignment and calibration of the device is detailed as well as the measurement sequence to reconstruct the associated density matrix. Possible extensions to higher-dimensional spaces are discussed.
Adrien Nicolas; Lucile Veissier; Elisabeth Giacobino; Dominik Maxein; Julien Laurat
Combined 3D PET and Optical Projection Tomography Techniques for Plant Root Phenotyping
New imaging techniques are in great demand for investigating underground plant roots systems which play an important role in crop production. Compared with other non-destructive imaging modalities, PET can image plant roots in natural soil and produce dynamic 3D functional images which reveal the temporal dynamics of plant-environment interactions. In this study, we combined PET with optical projection tomography (OPT) to evaluate its potential for plant root phenotyping. We used a dedicated high resolution plant PET imager that has a 14 cm transaxial and 10 cm axial field of views, and multi-bed imaging capability. The image resolution is around 1.25 mm using ML-EM reconstruction algorithm. B73 inbred maize seeds were germinated and then grown in a sealed jar with transparent gel-based media. PET scanning started on the day when the first green leaf appeared, and was carried out once a day for 5 days. Each morning, around 10 mCi of 11CO2 was administrated into a custom built plant labeling chamber. After 10 ...
Wang, Qiang; Mathews, Aswin J; Li, Ke; Topp, Christopher; O'Sullivan, Joseph A; Tai, Yuan-Chuan
Re-Inversion of Surface Electrical Resistivity Tomography Data from the Hanford Site B-Complex
This report documents the three-dimensional (3D) inversion results of surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data collected over the Hanford Site B-Complex. The data were collected in order to image the subsurface distribution of electrically conductive vadose zone contamination resulting from both planned releases of contamination into subsurface infiltration galleries (cribs, trenches, and tile fields), as well as unplanned releases from the B, BX, and BY tank farms and/or associated facilities. Electrically conductive contaminants are those which increase the ionic strength of pore fluids compared to native conditions, which comprise most types of solutes released into the subsurface B-Complex. The ERT data were collected and originally inverted as described in detail in report RPP-34690 Rev 0., 2007, which readers should refer to for a detailed description of data collection and waste disposal history. Although the ERT imaging results presented in that report successfully delineated the footprint of vadose zone contamination in areas outside of the tank farms, imaging resolution was not optimized due to the inability of available inversion codes to optimally process the massive ERT data set collected at the site. Recognizing these limitations and the potential for enhanced ERT characterization and time-lapse imaging at contaminated sites, a joint effort was initiated in 2007 by the U.S. Department of Energy � Office of Science (DOE-SC), with later support by the Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM), and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), to develop a high-performance distributed memory parallel 3D ERT inversion code capable of optimally processing large ERT data sets. The culmination of this effort was the development of E4D (Johnson et al., 2010,2012) In 2012, under the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative (DVZ-AFRI), the U.S. Department of Energy � Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) commissioned an effort for the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to re-invert the ERT data collected over the B-Complex using E4D, with the objective to improve imaging resolution and better understand the distribution of vadose zone contamination at the B-Complex. The details and results of that effort as documented in this report display a significant improvement in ERT image resolution, revealing the nature and orientation of contaminant plumes originating in former infiltration galleries and extending toward the water table. In particular, large plumes originating in the BY-Cribs area appear to have intercepted, or are close to intercepting the water table after being diverted eastward, possibly by the same low permeability unit causing perched water north of the B-Tank Farm boundary. Contaminant plumes are also evident beneath the BX-Trenches, but do not appear to have intercepted the water table. Imaging results within the tank farms themselves are highly biased by the dense network of electrically conductive tanks and dry wells, and are therefore inconclusive concerning contaminant distributions beneath tanks. However, beneath the diversion boxes, the results do reveal highly conductive anomalies that are not associated with metallic infrastructure, and may be diagnostic of extensive contamination. Overall, the parallel ERT inversion provides additional detail concerning contaminated zones in terms of conductive anomalies. These anomalies are consistent with waste disposal histories, and in several cases reveal lateral contaminant transport caused by heterogeneity within the vadose zone.
Johnson, Timothy C.; Wellman, Dawn M.
Geophys. J. Int. () , 1?? Cross-section electrical resistance tomography of La Soufri`ere of
to unconsolidated material saturated by hydrothermal fluids. Two of them are associated with partial flank collapses. Key words: Electrical properties tomography image processing Volcanic hazards and risks 1 in the hydrothermal reservoirs and produces episodic chlorine spikes in the Carbet hot spring located on the north
Adler, Andy
A novel synthetic aperture technique for breast tomography with toroidal arrays
Ultrasound is commonly used as an adjunct to mammography for diagnostic evaluation of suspicions arising from breast cancer screening. As an alternative to conventional sonography that uses hand-held transducers, toroidal array probes that encircle the breast immersed in a water bath have been investigated for ultrasound tomography. This paper introduces a new method for three-dimensional synthetic aperture diffraction tomography that maximizes the resolution in the scanning direction and provides quantitative reconstructions of the acoustic properties of the object. The method is validated by means of numerical simulations.
Huang, Lianjie [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Simonetti, Francesco [IMPERIAL COLLEGE
Model reliability for 3D electrical resistivity tomography: Application of the volume of investigation index to a time-lapse monitoring experiment
Model reliability for 3D electrical resistivity tomography: Application of the volume reliability for 3D ERTand as a method of survey design. We show how the VOI provides a measure of model, we utilize the VOI for judging the degree of reliability of hydrogeologi- cal interpretations
Barrash, Warren
with geosynthetics44 (geomembranes or Geosynthetic Clay Liners), depending on the date of closure (Silvestre et45 al: landfill cover, gravelly clay material, heterogeneity, compaction, electrical30 resistivity, multivariate
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Measurement of volume resistivity/conductivity of metallic alloy in inhibited seawater by optical interferometry techniques
Optical interferometry techniques were used for the first time to measure the volume resistivity/conductivity of carbon steel samples in seawater with different concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor. In this investigation, the real-time holographic interferometry was carried out to measure the thickness of anodic dissolved layer or the total thickness, U{sub total}, of formed oxide layer of carbon steel samples during the alternating current (ac) impedance of the samples in blank seawater and in 5-20 ppm TROS C-70 inhibited seawater, respectively. In addition, a mathematical model was derived in order to correlate between the ac impedance (resistance) and the surface (orthogonal) displacement of the surface of the samples in solutions. In other words, a proportionality constant [resistivity ({rho}) or conductivity ({sigma})= 1/{rho}] between the determined ac impedance [by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique] and the orthogonal displacement (by the optical interferometry techniques) was obtained. The value of the resistivity of the carbon steel sample in the blank seawater was found similar to the value of the resistivity of the carbon steel sample air, around 1 x 10{sup -5}{Omega} cm. On the contrary, the measured values of the resistivity of the carbon steel samples were 1.85 x 10{sup 7}, 3.35 x 10{sup 7}, and 1.7 x 10{sup 7}{Omega} cm in 5, 10, and 20 ppm TROS C-70 inhibited seawater solutions, respectively. Furthermore, the determined value range of {rho} of the formed oxide layers, from 1.7 x 10{sup 7} to 3.35 x 10{sup 7}{Omega} cm, is found in a reasonable agreement with the one found in literature for the Fe oxide-hydroxides, i.e., goethite ({alpha}-FeOOH) and for the lepidocrocite ({gamma}-FeOOH), 1 x 10{sup 9}{Omega} cm. The {rho} value of the Fe oxide-hydroxides, 1 x 10{sup 9}{Omega} cm, was found slightly higher than the {rho} value range of the formed oxide layer of the present study. This is because the former value was determined by a dc method rather than by an electromagnetic method, i.e., holographic interferometry with applications of EIS, i.e., ac method. As a result, erroneous measurements were recorded due to the introduction of heat to Fe oxide-hydroxides.
Habib, K. [Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Advanced Systems KISR, P.O. Box 24885, SAFAT 13109 (Kuwait)
Karst characterization in a semi-arid region using gravity, seismic, and resistivity geophysical techniques.
We proposed to customize emerging in situ geophysical monitoring technology to generate time-series data during sporadic rain events in a semi-arid region. Electrodes were to be connected to wireless %5Cnodes%22 which can be left in the eld for many months. Embedded software would then increase sampling frequency during periods of rainfall. We hypothesized that this contrast between no-volume ow in karst passageways dur- ing dry periods and partial- or saturated-volume ow during a rain event is detectable by these Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) geophysical nodes, we call this a Wireless Resistivity Network (WRN). The development of new methodologies to characterize semi-arid karst hydrology is intended to augment Sandia National Laboratorys mission to lead e orts in energy technologies, waste disposal and climate security by helping to identify safe and secure regions and those that are at risk. Development and initial eld testing identi ed technological barriers to using WRNs for identifying semi-arid karst, exposing R&D which can be targeted in the future. Gravity, seismic, and resis- tivity surveys elucidated how each technique might e ectively be used to characterize semi-arid karst. This research brings to light the importance and challenges with char- acterizing semi-arid karst through a multi-method geophysical study. As there have been very few studies with this emphasis, this study has expanded the body of practical experience needed to protect the nations water and energy security interests.
Barnhart, Kevin Scott
Imaging and sensing based on muon tomography
Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons for imaging applications. Subtraction techniques are described to enhance the processing of the muon tomography data.
Morris, Christopher L; Saunders, Alexander; Sossong, Michael James; Schultz, Larry Joe; Green, J. Andrew; Borozdin, Konstantin N; Hengartner, Nicolas W; Smith, Richard A; Colthart, James M; Klugh, David C; Scoggins, Gary E; Vineyard, David C
Resistivity measurements of iodine single crystals by an A.C. technique
are organic semi- conductors. Inokuchi and Akamatu and Garrett have investigated the electrical properties of several of these semiconductors and have also summarized the re- suits of much of the work that has been done on these materials up to 1961. Be... as the resistance increases, the accuracy is better than 10% in the resistance range of 10 ohms with a capacitance of 10 pF across the sample. If the capacitance is decreased by trimming the bridge before electrodes are con- nected to the sample to rule out all...
Intararithi, Thanom
Monitoring CO 2 sequestration into deep saline aquifer and associated salt intrusion using coupled multiphase flow modeling and time lapse electrical resistivity tomography
Successful geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) require efficient monitoring of the migration of CO2 plume during and after large-scale injection in order to verify the containment of the injected CO2 within the target formation and to evaluate potential leakage risk. Field studies have shown that surface and cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be a useful tool in imaging and characterizing solute transport in heterogeneous subsurface. In this synthetic study, we have coupled a 3-D multiphase flow model with a parallel 3-D time-lapse ERT inversion code to explore the feasibility of using time-lapse ERT for simultaneously monitoring the migration of CO2 plume in deep saline formation and potential brine intrusion into shallow fresh water aquifer. Direct comparisons of the inverted CO2 plumes resulting from ERT with multiphase flow simulation results indicate the ERT could be used to delineate the migration of CO2 plume. Detailed comparisons on the locations, sizes and shapes of CO2 plume and intruded brine plumes suggest that ERT inversion tends to underestimate the area review of the CO2 plume, but overestimate the thickness and total volume of the CO2 plume. The total volume of intruded brine plumes is overestimated as well. However, all discrepancies remain within reasonable ranges. Our study suggests that time-lapse ERT is a useful monitoring tool in characterizing the movement of injected CO2 into deep saline aquifer and detecting potential brine intrusion under large-scale field injection conditions.
Chuan Lu; CHI Zhang; Hai Hanag; Timothy C. Johnson
Highly Attrition Resistant Zinc Oxide-Based Sorbents for H2S Removal by Spray Drying Technique
Primary issues for the fluidized-bed/transport reactor process are high attrition resistant sorbent, its high sorption capacity and regenerability, durability, and cost. The overall objective of this project is the development of a superior attrition resistant zinc oxide-based sorbent for hot gas cleanup in integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Sorbents applicable to a fluidized-bed hot gas desulfurization process must have a high attrition resistance to withstand the fast solid circulation between a desulfurizer and a regenerator, fast kinetic reactions, and high sulfur sorption capacity. The oxidative regeneration of zinc-based sorbent usually initiated at greater than 600 C with highly exothermic nature causing deactivation of sorbent as well as complication of sulfidation process by side reaction. Focusing on solving the sorbent attrition and regenerability of zinc oxide-based sorbent, we have adapted multi-binder matrices and direct incorporation of regeneration promoter. The sorbent forming was done with a spray drying technique that is easily scalable to commercial quantity.
Ryu, C.K.; Lee, J.B.; Ahn, D.H.; Kim, J.J.; Yi, C.K.
Advanced Testing Techniques to Measure the PWSCC Resistance of Alloy 690 and its Weld Metals
Wrought Alloy 600 and its weld metals (Alloy 182 and Alloy 82) were originally used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) due to the material's inherent resistance to general corrosion in a number of aggressive environments and because of a coefficient of thermal expansion that is very close to that of low alloy and carbon steel. Over the last thirty years, stress corrosion cracking in PWR primary water (PWSCC) has been observed in numerous Alloy 600 component items and associated welds, sometimes after relatively long incubation times. The occurrence of PWSCC has been responsible for significant downtime and replacement power costs. As part of an ongoing, comprehensive program involving utilities, reactor vendors and engineering/research organizations, this report will help to ensure that corrosion degradation of nickel-base alloys does not limit service life and that full benefit can be obtained from improved designs for both replacement components and new reactors.
The effect of radon-resistant construction techniques in a crawlspace house
An extensive battery of radon-diagnostic tests were performed on two different houses built on the SAME foundation. A house was studied as part of a multi-year evaluation of radon mitigation measures in the Tennessee Valley. The original house was destroyed in a fire caused by a faulty space heater. The second house was built on the same foundation using passive techniques to reduce radon transport via the crawlspace to the living area. The rebuilt house achieved a 60% reduction in the volumetric transport of air from crawlspace to living area when the heating and cooling system was not operating. An even greater reduction was found when the HAC system was operating, reflecting the benefits of new, well-sealed ductwork. In spite of these enhancements, the passive measures failed to reduce radon concentrations to below 4 pCi/L. The primary reason is believed to be the enclosure of the open carport to form a garage at the time of reconstruction.
Dudney, C S; Wilson, D L [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)] [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Dyess, T M [US Environmental Protection Agency, Air & Energy Engineering Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)] [US Environmental Protection Agency, Air & Energy Engineering Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice C. Sampsona , K. M. Goldena , A. Gullya , A. P, Australia Abstract During the 2007 SIPEX expedition in pack ice off the coast of East Antarctica, we measured the electrical conductivity of sea ice via surface impedance tomography. Resistance data from
Golden, Kenneth M.
Neutron Tomography and Space
Kevin Shields, �Optimization of neutron tomography for rapidNEUTRON TOMOGRAPHY AND SPACE Hal Egbert, Ronald Walker, R.industrial applications[1]. Neutron Computed Tomography was
Egbert, Hal; Walker, Ronald; Flocchini, R.
Pseudolocal tomography
Local tomographic data is used to determine the location and value of a discontinuity between a first internal density of an object and a second density of a region within the object. A beam of radiation is directed in a predetermined pattern through the region of the object containing the discontinuity. Relative attenuation data of the beam is determined within the predetermined pattern having a first data component that includes attenuation data through the region. The relative attenuation data is input to a pseudo-local tomography function, where the difference between the internal density and the pseudo-local tomography function is computed across the discontinuity. The pseudo-local tomography function outputs the location of the discontinuity and the difference in density between the first density and the second density. 7 figs.
Katsevich, A.J.; Ramm, A.G.
Local tomographic data is used to determine the location and value of a discontinuity between a first internal density of an object and a second density of a region within the object. A beam of radiation is directed in a predetermined pattern through the region of the object containing the discontinuity. Relative attenuation data of the beam is determined within the predetermined pattern having a first data component that includes attenuation data through the region. The relative attenuation data is input to a pseudo-local tomography function, where the difference between the internal density and the pseudo-local tomography function is computed across the discontinuity. The pseudo-local tomography function outputs the location of the discontinuity and the difference in density between the first density and the second density.
Katsevich, Alexander J. (Los Alamos, NM); Ramm, Alexander G. (Manhattan, KS)
Doppler Tomography
I review the method of Doppler tomography which translates binary-star line profiles taken at a series of orbital phases into a distribution of emission over the binary. I begin with a discussion of the basic principles behind Doppler tomography, including a comparison of the relative merits of maximum entropy regularisation versus filtered back-projection for implementing the inversion. Following this I discuss the issue of noise in Doppler images and possible methods for coping with it. Then I move on to look at the results of Doppler Tomography applied to cataclysmic variable stars. Outstanding successes to date are the discovery of two-arm spiral shocks in cataclysmic variable accretion discs and the probing of the stream/magnetospheric interaction in magnetic cataclysmic variable stars. Doppler tomography has also told us much about the stream/disc interaction in non-magnetic systems and the irradiation of the secondary star in all systems. The latter indirectly reveals such effects as shadowing by the accretion disc or stream. I discuss all of these and finish with some musings on possible future directions for the method. At the end I include a tabulation of Doppler maps published in refereed journals.
T. R. Marsh
Seismic Tomography: Definitions Lapo Boschi (email@example.com)
Seismic Tomography: Definitions Lapo Boschi (firstname.lastname@example.com) September 14, 2009 Seismic Tomography Seismic tomography is the science of interpreting seismic measurements (seismograms) to derive information about the structure of the Earth. This course does not cover the techniques of seismic observation
Boschi, Lapo
Three-Dimensional Thermal Tomography Advances Cancer Treatment...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Three-Dimensional Thermal Tomography Advances Cancer Treatment Technology available for licensing: A 3D technique to detect early skin changes due to radiation treatment in breast...
Computed tomography:the details.
Computed Tomography (CT) is a well established technique, particularly in medical imaging, but also applied in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. Basic CT imaging via back-projection is treated in many texts, but often with insufficient detail to appreciate subtleties such as the role of non-uniform sampling densities. Herein are given some details often neglected in many texts.
Doerry, Armin Walter
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
DOE R&D Accomplishments [OSTI]
Positron emission tomography (PET) assesses biochemical processes in the living subject, producing images of function rather than form. Using PET, physicians are able to obtain not the anatomical information provided by other medical imaging techniques, but pictures of physiological activity. In metaphoric terms, traditional imaging methods supply a map of the body's roadways, its, anatomy; PET shows the traffic along those paths, its biochemistry. This document discusses the principles of PET, the radiopharmaceuticals in PET, PET research, clinical applications of PET, the cost of PET, training of individuals for PET, the role of the United States Department of Energy in PET, and the futures of PET.
Welch, M. J.
Methods for detecting and locating leaks in containment facilities using electrical potential data and electrical resistance tomographic imaging techniques
Methods are provided for detecting and locating leaks in liners used as barriers in the construction of landfills, surface impoundments, water reservoirs, tanks, and the like. Electrodes are placed in the ground around the periphery of the facility, in the leak detection zone located between two liners if present, and/or within the containment facility. Electrical resistivity data is collected using these electrodes. This data is used to map the electrical resistivity distribution beneath the containment liner between two liners in a double-lined facility. In an alternative embodiment, an electrode placed within the lined facility is driven to an electrical potential with respect to another electrode placed at a distance from the lined facility (mise-a-la-masse). Voltage differences are then measured between various combinations of additional electrodes placed in the soil on the periphery of the facility, the leak detection zone, or within the facility. A leak of liquid though the liner material will result in an electrical potential distribution that can be measured at the electrodes. The leak position is located by determining the coordinates of an electrical current source pole that best fits the measured potentials with the constraints of the known or assumed resistivity distribution. 6 figs.
Daily, W.D.; Laine, D.L.; Laine, E.F.
Methods are provided for detecting and locating leaks in liners used as barriers in the construction of landfills, surface impoundments, water reservoirs, tanks, and the like. Electrodes are placed in the ground around the periphery of the facility, in the leak detection zone located between two liners if present, and/or within the containment facility. Electrical resistivity data is collected using these electrodes. This data is used to map the electrical resistivity distribution beneath the containment liner between two liners in a double-lined facility. In an alternative embodiment, an electrode placed within the lined facility is driven to an electrical potential with respect to another electrode placed at a distance from the lined facility (mise-a-la-masse). Voltage differences are then measured between various combinations of additional electrodes placed in the soil on the periphery of the facility, the leak detection zone, or within the facility. A leak of liquid though the liner material will result in an electrical potential distribution that can be measured at the electrodes. The leak position is located by determining the coordinates of an electrical current source pole that best fits the measured potentials with the constraints of the known or assumed resistivity distribution.
Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Laine, Daren L. (San Antonio, TX); Laine, Edwin F. (Alamo, CA)
Methods are provided for detecting and locating leaks in liners used as barriers in the construction of landfills, surface impoundments, water reservoirs, tanks, and the like. Electrodes are placed in the ground around the periphery of the facility, in the leak detection zone located between two liners if present, and/or within the containment facility. Electrical resistivity data is collected using these electrodes. This data is used to map the electrical resistivity distribution beneath the containment liner or between two liners in a double-lined facility. In an alternative embodiment, an electrode placed within the lined facility is driven to an electrical potential with respect to another electrode placed at a distance from the lined facility (mise-a-la-masse). Voltage differences are then measured between various combinations of additional electrodes placed in the soil on the periphery of the facility, the leak detection zone, or within the facility. A leak of liquid through the liner material will result in an electrical potential distribution that can be measured at the electrodes. The leak position is located by determining the coordinates of an electrical current source pole that best fits the measured potentials with the constraints of the known or assumed resistivity distribution.
Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Laine, Daren L. (San Anotonio, TX); Laine, Edwin F. (Penn Valley, CA)
Electron tomography of dislocation structures
Recent developments in the application of electron tomography for characterizing microstructures in crystalline solids are described. The underlying principles for electron tomography are presented in the context of typical challenges in adapting the technique to crystalline systems and in using diffraction contrast imaging conditions. Methods for overcoming the limitations associated with the angular range, the number of acquired images, and uniformity of image contrast are introduced. In addition, a method for incorporating the real space coordinate system into the tomogram is presented. As the approach emphasizes development of experimental solutions to the challenges, the solutions developed and implemented are presented in the form of examples.
Liu, G.S.; House, S.D.; Kacher, J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Tanaka, M.; Higashida, K. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Robertson, I.M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 (United States)
Clinical Evaluation of Spatial Accuracy of a Fusion Imaging Technique Combining Previously Acquired Computed Tomography and Real-Time Ultrasound for Imaging of Liver Metastases
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the spatial accuracy of matching volumetric computed tomography (CT) data of hepatic metastases with real-time ultrasound (US) using a fusion imaging system (VNav) according to different clinical settings. Methods: Twenty-four patients with one hepatic tumor identified on enhanced CT and US were prospectively enrolled. A set of three landmarks markers was chosen on CT and US for image registration. US and CT images were then superimposed using the fusion imaging display mode. The difference in spatial location between the tumor visible on the CT and the US on the overlay images (reviewer no. 1, comment no. 2) was measured in the lateral, anterior-posterior, and vertical axis. The maximum difference (Dmax) was evaluated for different predictive factors.CT performed 1-30 days before registration versus immediately before. Use of general anesthesia for CT and US versus no anesthesia.Anatomic landmarks versus landmarks that include at least one nonanatomic structure, such as a cyst or a calcificationResultsOverall, Dmax was 11.53 {+-} 8.38 mm. Dmax was 6.55 {+-} 7.31 mm with CT performed immediately before VNav versus 17.4 {+-} 5.18 with CT performed 1-30 days before (p < 0.0001). Dmax was 7.05 {+-} 6.95 under general anesthesia and 16.81 {+-} 6.77 without anesthesia (p < 0.0015). Landmarks including at least one nonanatomic structure increase Dmax of 5.2 mm (p < 0.0001). The lowest Dmax (1.9 {+-} 1.4 mm) was obtained when CT and VNav were performed under general anesthesia, one immediately after the other. Conclusions: VNav is accurate when adequate clinical setup is carefully selected. Only under these conditions (reviewer no. 2), liver tumors not identified on US can be accurately targeted for biopsy or radiofrequency ablation using fusion imaging.
Hakime, Antoine, E-mail: email@example.com; Deschamps, Frederic; Garcia Marques de Carvalho, Enio; Teriitehau, Christophe; Auperin, Anne; De Baere, Thierry [Gustave Roussy Institute (France)
3D Reconstruction of Intricate Archean Microbial Structures Using Neutron Computed Tomography and Serial SectioningIN43B-0331 Abstract Project Goals
Tomography and Serial SectioningIN43B-0331 Abstract Project Goals Background Methods Neutron Computed using both serial sectioning and neutron computed tomography (NCT). Reconstruction techniques vary mechanisms for ancient microbial communities Neutron Computed Tomography Serial Sectioning Samples were
Hamann, Bernd
Use of Geophysical Techniques to Characterize Fluid Flow in a...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
14 | US DOE Geothermal Program eere.energy.gov Future Directions *3D DC resistivity tomography of a volcano (Revil, Johnson and Finizola, in preparation) * Passive seismic *...
Self-guided quantum tomography
We introduce a self-learning tomographic technique in which the experiment guides itself to an estimate of its own state. Self-guided quantum tomography (SGQT) uses measurements to directly test hypotheses in an iterative algorithm which converges to the true state. We demonstrate through simulation on many qubits that SGQT is a more efficient and robust alternative to the usual paradigm of taking a large amount of informationally complete data and solving the inverse problem of post-processed state estimation.
Christopher Ferrie
Modulated Luminescent Tomography
modalities behave differently than Photoacoustic and Thermoacoustic Tomography, where the ex- citation is highly diffusive but the emitted ultrasound signal�...
Turbocharging Quantum Tomography.
Quantum tomography is used to characterize quantum operations implemented in quantum information processing (QIP) hardware. Traditionally, state tomography has been used to characterize the quantum state prepared in an initialization procedure, while quantum process tomography is used to characterize dynamical operations on a QIP system. As such, tomography is critical to the development of QIP hardware (since it is necessary both for debugging and validating as-built devices, and its results are used to influence the next generation of devices). But tomography su %7C ers from several critical drawbacks. In this report, we present new research that resolves several of these flaws. We describe a new form of tomography called gate set tomography (GST), which unifies state and process tomography, avoids prior methods critical reliance on precalibrated operations that are not generally available, and can achieve unprecedented accuracies. We report on theory and experimental development of adaptive tomography protocols that achieve far higher fidelity in state reconstruction than non-adaptive methods. Finally, we present a new theoretical and experimental analysis of process tomography on multispin systems, and demonstrate how to more e %7C ectively detect and characterize quantum noise using carefully tailored ensembles of input states.
Blume-Kohout, Robin J; Gamble, John King,; Nielsen, Erik; Maunz, Peter Lukas Wilhelm; Scholten, Travis L.; Rudinger, Kenneth Michael
Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography of Stable Isotopes
Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography of Stable Isotopes Carey E. Floyd Jr.*ab , Calvin North Carolina Keywords: imaging, neutrons, tomography, spectroscopy ABSTRACT Here we report on the development of a new molecular imaging technique using inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. Earlier studies
Scattered Neutron Tomography Based on A Neutron Transport Inverse Problem
Neutron radiography and computed tomography are commonly used techniques to non-destructively examine materials. Tomography refers to the cross-sectional imaging of an object from either transmission or reflection data collected by illuminating the object from many different directions.
William Charlton
Functional lung imaging in humans using Positron Emission Tomography
This thesis deals with a method of functional lung imaging using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this technique, a radioactive tracer, nitrogen-13, is dissolved in saline solution, and injected into a peripheral ...
Layfield, Dominick, 1971-
Dual seven pinhole tomography
Emission tomography using two orthogonal sets of projections through seven pinhole collimators is considered. This paper describes the acquisition system, the reconstruction algorithm, presents results obtained in phantom studies, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this method over conventional Seven Pinhole Tomography.
Bizais, Y.; Zubal, I.G.; Rowe, R.W.; Bennett, G.W.; Brill, A.B.
DC Resistivity Survey (Dipole-Dipole Array) At Waunita Hot Springs...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Notes Heinrichs Geoexploration Company conducted two phases of eletrical resistivity tomography around the Waunita Hot Springs and Tomichi Dome area. The first phase consisted of...
Multiplexed absorption tomography with calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy
We propose a multiplexed absorption tomography technique, which uses calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy with tunable semiconductor lasers for the simultaneous imaging of temperature and species concentration in harsh combustion environments. Compared with the commonly used direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) counterpart, the present variant enjoys better signal-to-noise ratios and requires no baseline fitting, a particularly desirable feature for high-pressure applications, where adjacent absorption features overlap and interfere severely. We present proof-of-concept numerical demonstrations of the technique using realistic phantom models of harsh combustion environments and prove that the proposed techniques outperform currently available tomography techniques based on DAS.
Cai, Weiwei; Kaminski, Clemens F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA (United Kingdom)
Geometric Tomography: A Limited-View Approach for Computed Tomography
Geometric Tomography: A Limited-View Approach for Computed Tomography Peter B. Noël, Jinhui Xu Keywords Computed Tomography; Geometric Compressed Sensing; Topo- logical Peeling. ABSTRACT Computed to generate 3D data, denoted f, directly from projec- tions, denoted g. Thus, the projection relationship can
Corso, Jason J.
The Mathematics of the Imaging Techniques of MEG, CT, PET and SPECT
The Mathematics of the Imaging Techniques of MEG, CT, PET and SPECT A.S. Fokas, V. Marinakis), of positron emission tomography (PET) and of single photon emission computed to mography (SPECT) are reviewed techniques of positron emission tomography (PET) and of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT
Fokas, A. S.
AFIP-7 Tomography � 2013 Status Report
This project seeks to assess the geometric stability of the U-Mo monolithic fuel system by evaluating the radiation-induced changes in the AFIP-7 experiment device. Neutron radiography and computed tomography (CT) provide valuable information about the post-irradiation condition of the fuel specimen. Tomographic reconstructions of the AFIP-7 fuel element will be analyzed to assess the geometric condition of the element after irradiation and provide information regarding the condition of the fuel, including gross geometric defects, bowing, twist, plate buckling, cracks, and other defects. The INL, in collaboration with Oregon State University (OSU), Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), and Real Time Tomography, is developing advanced neutron detector systems and tomographic reconstruction techniques to evaluate the AFIP-7 fuel element. Neutron computed tomography using the current neutron radiography technique available at the Neutron Radiography reactor (NRAD) is impractical due to the long time and high cost to produce a set of images for tomographic reconstruction. Advanced neutron radiography systems such as the micro-channel plate (MCP) detector and neutron computed radiography (CR) may reduce the time and cost of acquiring images for neutron CT.
A.E. Craft; W.J. Williams; M.I.K. Abir; D.M. Wachs
Analysis of hydraulic tomography using temporal moments of drawdown recovery data
Analysis of hydraulic tomography using temporal moments of drawdown recovery data Junfeng Zhu 2006. [1] Transient hydraulic tomography (THT) is a potentially cost-effective and high- resolution technique for mapping spatial distributions of the hydraulic conductivity and specific storage in aquifers
Daniels, Jeffrey J.
Spatially-Adaptive Reconstruction in Computed Tomography Based on Statistical Learning
, there exist techniques which require projections data only in the All authors are with the Computer Science1 Spatially-Adaptive Reconstruction in Computed Tomography Based on Statistical Learning Joseph a direct reconstruction algorithm for Computed Tomography, based on a local fusion of a few preliminary
Zibulevsky, Michael
Neutron computed tomography
to make the Donner Algorithms run. TABLE OF CONTEliiTS CHAPTF. . R I NEI. TRON RADIOGRAPHY . I. 1 Background . I. 2 Theory . l. 3 Neutron Beam Characterization I. 4 Image Detectors . COMPI'TED TOMOGRAPHY . Il I Background . II. 2 Notation II. 3... data which is generated by rays traveling (and being attenuated) in straight lines. However in neutron radiography, what is measured is, to most extents, the levels of neutrons which are not attenuated. Neutrons are particles. They scatter...
Russell, Clifford Marlow
Enhanced local tomography
Local tomography is enhanced to determine the location and value of a discontinuity between a first internal density of an object and a second density of a region within the object. A beam of radiation is directed in a predetermined pattern through the region of the object containing the discontinuity. Relative attenuation data of the beam is determined within the predetermined pattern having a first data component that includes attenuation data through the region. In a first method for evaluating the value of the discontinuity, the relative attenuation data is inputted to a local tomography function .function..sub..LAMBDA. to define the location S of the density discontinuity. The asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA. is determined in a neighborhood of S, and the value for the discontinuity is estimated from the asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA.. In a second method for evaluating the value of the discontinuity, a gradient value for a mollified local tomography function .gradient..function..sub..LAMBDA..epsilon. (x.sub.ij) is determined along the discontinuity; and the value of the jump of the density across the discontinuity curve (or surface) S is estimated from the gradient values.
Generalized local emission tomography
Emission tomography enables locations and values of internal isotope density distributions to be determined from radiation emitted from the whole object. In the method for locating the values of discontinuities, the intensities of radiation emitted from either the whole object or a region of the object containing the discontinuities are inputted to a local tomography function .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) to define the location S of the isotope density discontinuity. The asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) is determined in a neighborhood of S, and the value for the discontinuity is estimated from the asymptotic behavior of .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) knowing pointwise values of the attenuation coefficient within the object. In the method for determining the location of the discontinuity, the intensities of radiation emitted from an object are inputted to a local tomography function .function..sub..LAMBDA..sup.(.PHI.) to define the location S of the density discontinuity and the location .GAMMA. of the attenuation coefficient discontinuity. Pointwise values of the attenuation coefficient within the object need not be known in this case.
Katsevich, Alexander J. (Los Alamos, NM)
Optical Tomography in two dimensions
so-called diffused tomography [SGKZ]. Other areas of applications are atmospheric remote sensing [Bi], nuclear physics (see [MC] for a review), etc. We describe�...
Applications of Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers for optical coherence tomography imaging
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a micrometer-resolution imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images of sample microstructure by measuring the amplitude and echo time delay of backscattered light. OCT imaging ...
Radial reflection diffraction tomography
A wave-based tomographic imaging method and apparatus based upon one or more rotating radially outward oriented transmitting and receiving elements have been developed for non-destructive evaluation. At successive angular locations at a fixed radius, a predetermined transmitting element can launch a primary field and one or more predetermined receiving elements can collect the backscattered field in a "pitch/catch" operation. A Hilbert space inverse wave (HSIW) algorithm can construct images of the received scattered energy waves using operating modes chosen for a particular application. Applications include, improved intravascular imaging, bore hole tomography, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of parts having existing access holes.
Lehman, Sean K.
Atom Probe Tomography | EMSL
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to someone byDear Friend,Arthur J. NozikAtom Probe Tomography Atom Probe
Thermoacoustic tomography with variable sound speed
We study the mathematical model of thermoacoustic tomography in media with a ... In thermoacoustic tomography, a short electro-magnetic pulse is sent through�...
Electrical Impedance Tomography Liliana Borcea
Electrical Impedance Tomography Liliana Borcea #3; September 3, 2002 Abstract We review theoretical and numerical studies of the inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography which seeks the electrical conductivity and permittivity inside a body, given simul- taneous measurements of electrical currents
Borcea, Liliana
Neutron wave packet tomography
A tomographic technique is introduced in order to determine the quantum state of the center of mass motion of neutrons. An experiment is proposed and numerically analyzed.
G. Badurek; P. Facchi; Y. Hasegawa; Z. Hradil; S. Pascazio; H. Rauch; J. Rehacek; T. Yoneda
Dictionary-Learning-Based Reconstruction Method for Electron Tomography
Electron tomography usually suffers from so called missing wedge artifacts caused by limited tilt angle range. An equally sloped tomography (EST) acquisition scheme (which should be called the linogram sampling scheme) was recently applied to achieve 2.4-angstrom resolution. On the other hand, a compressive sensing-inspired reconstruction algorithm, known as adaptive dictionary based statistical iterative reconstruction (ADSIR), has been reported for x-ray computed tomography. In this paper, we evaluate the EST, ADSIR and an ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (OS-SART), and compare the ES and equally angled (EA) data acquisition modes. Our results show that OS-SART is comparable to EST, and the ADSIR outperforms EST and OS-SART. Furthermore, the equally sloped projection data acquisition mode has no advantage over the conventional equally angled mode in the context.
Liu, Baodong; Verbridge, Scott S; Sun, Lizhi; Wang, Ge
Teleseismic transmission and reflection tomography
The aim of seismic tomography is to determine a model of Earth properties that best explain observed seismic data. In practice, the limitations placed on our observations and computational capabilities force us to make a ...
Burdick, Scott A. (Scott Anthony)
Application of stochastic Galerkin FEM to the complete electrode model of electrical impedance tomography
The aim of electrical impedance tomography is to determine the internal conductivity distribution of some physical body from boundary measurements of current and voltage. The most accurate forward model for impedance tomography is the complete electrode model, which consists of the conductivity equation coupled with boundary conditions that take into account the electrode shapes and the contact resistances at the corresponding interfaces. If the reconstruction task of impedance tomography is recast as a Bayesian inference problem, it is essential to be able to solve the complete electrode model forward problem with the conductivity and the contact resistances treated as a random field and random variables, respectively. In this work, we apply a stochastic Galerkin finite element method to the ensuing elliptic stochastic boundary value problem and compare the results with Monte Carlo simulations.
Leinonen, Matti, E-mail: email@example.com; Hakula, Harri, E-mail: email@example.com; Hyv�nen, Nuutti, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Soft X-ray tomography of phenotypic switching and the cellular response to antifungal peptoids
Soft X-ray tomography of phenotypic switching and the cellular response to antifungal peptoids that circumvent fungal drug- resistance mechanisms. In this work we used soft X-ray tomogra- phy to image of an entire, fully functional biological system, i.e., in the milieu of a cell (8, 10). Recently, soft X-ray
Barron, Annelise E.
Using electrical impedance tomography to map subsurface hydraulic conductivity
The use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to map subsurface hydraulic conductivity. EIT can be used to map hydraulic conductivity in the subsurface where measurements of both amplitude and phase are made. Hydraulic conductivity depends on at least two parameters: porosity and a length scale parameter. Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) measures and maps electrical conductivity (which can be related to porosity) in three dimensions. By introducing phase measurements along with amplitude, the desired additional measurement of a pertinent length scale can be achieved. Hydraulic conductivity controls the ability to flush unwanted fluid contaminants from the surface. Thus inexpensive maps of hydraulic conductivity would improve planning strategies for subsequent remediation efforts. Fluid permeability is also of importance for oil field exploitation and thus detailed knowledge of fluid permeability distribution in three-dimension (3-D) would be a great boon to petroleum reservoir analysts.
Berryman, James G. (Danville, CA); Daily, William D. (Livermore, CA); Ramirez, Abelardo L. (Pleasanton, CA); Roberts, Jeffery J. (Livermore, CA)
Reconstruction algorithm for limited-angle diffraction tomography for microwave NDE
Microwave tomography is becoming a popular imaging modality in nondestructive evaluation and medicine. A commonly encountered challenge in tomography in general is that in many practical situations a full 360� angular access is not possible and with limited access, the quality of reconstructed image is compromised. This paper presents an approach for reconstruction with limited angular access in diffraction tomography. The algorithm takes advantage of redundancies in image Fourier space data obtained from diffracted field measurements and couples it to an error minimization technique using a constrained total variation (CTV) minimization. Initial results from simulated data have been presented here to validate the approach.
Paladhi, P. Roy; Klaser, J.; Tayebi, A.; Udpa, L.; Udpa, S. [Non-destructive Evaluation Lab, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824-1226 (United States)
A microwave tomography system using a tunable mirror for beam steering
Microwave tomography is a fast-growing technique in the fields of NDE and medical industry. This paper presents a new microwave tomography system which reduces the complexities of conventional microwave imaging systems by utilizing a reconfigurable mirror, a tunable reflectarray antenna. In order to build a tunable reflectarray with beam steering capabilities, the unit cell characteristics should dynamically alter. Modelling and experimental results of a single unit cell are presented in this work.
Tayebi, A. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Non-Destructive Evaluation Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Department of Physic (United States); Tang, J. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Paladhi, P. Roy; Udpa, L.; Udpa, S. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Non-Destructive Evaluation Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States)
Algorithms for Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Data Analysis: Applications for Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Oral Cancer
imaging (FLIM) with optical coherence tomography (OCT), for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and oral cancer. FLIM is a fluorescence imaging technique that is capable of providing information about auto fluorescent tissue biomolecules. OCT on the other...
Pande, Paritosh
Resistivity analysis
According to an example embodiment of the present invention a semiconductor die having a resistive electrical connection is analyzed. Heat is directed to the die as the die is undergoing a state-changing operation to cause a failure due to suspect circuitry. The die is monitored, and a circuit path that electrically changes in response to the heat is detected and used to detect that a particular portion therein of the circuit is resistive. In this manner, the detection and localization of a semiconductor die defect that includes a resistive portion of a circuit path is enhanced.
Bruce, Michael R. (Austin, TX); Bruce, Victoria J. (Austin, TX); Ring, Rosalinda M. (Austin, TX); Cole, Edward Jr. I. (Albuquerque, NM); Hawkins, Charles F. (Albuquerque, NM); Tangyungong, Paiboon (Albuquerque, NM)
Nitride semiconductors studied by atom probe tomography and correlative techniques
Atom Maps of the SLs ................................................... 107 18.104.22.168. Existence of Clustering .......................................................................... 110 Contents ix 18.104.22.168. Mg Content of the SL... .; Barnard, J. S.; Humphreys, C. J.; Oliver, R. A., Atom probe extended to AlGaN: three-dimensional imaging of a Mg-doped AlGaN/GaN superlattice. Physica Status Solidi C 2010, 7, 1781- 1783. Bennett, S. E.; Holec, D.; Kappers, M. J.; Humphreys, C. J...
Bennett, Samantha
TE Connectivity Finds Answers in Tomography
TE Connectivity Finds Answers in Tomography TE Connectivity Finds Answers in Tomography Print Thursday, 22 August 2013 10:50 TE Connectivity is a world leader in connectivity-the...
Thermoacoustic and Photoacoustic Tomography ... - Purdue University
Thermoacoustic and Photoacoustic Tomography with a variable continuous or discontinuous sound speed. Plamen Stefanov. Purdue University. Based on a�...
Plamen Stefanov
Discrete Tomography: A Neural Network Approach
Abstract Tomography tries to reconstruct an object from a number of projections in multiple directions quality reconstructions from a limited set of projections, while avoiding image artifacts that are often present in traditional approaches. 1 Introduction Tomography, or more especially computed tomography
Kosters, Walter
Magnified Weak Lensing Cross Correlation Tomography
This project carried out a weak lensing tomography (WLT) measurement around rich clusters of galaxies. This project used ground based photometric redshift data combined with HST archived cluster images that provide the WLT and cluster mass modeling. The technique has already produced interesting results (Guennou et al, 2010,Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol 523, page 21, and Clowe et al, 2011 to be submitted). Guennou et al have validated that the necessary accuracy can be achieved with photometric redshifts for our purposes. Clowe et al titled "The DAFT/FADA survey. II. Tomographic weak lensing signal from 10 high redshift clusters," have shown that for the **first time** via this purely geometrical technique, which does not assume a standard rod or candle, that a cosmological constant is **required** for flat cosmologies. The intent of this project is not to produce the best constraint on the value of the dark energy equation of state, w. Rather, this project is to carry out a sustained effort of weak lensing tomography that will naturally feed into the near term Dark Energy Survey (DES) and to provide invaluable mass calibration for that project. These results will greatly advance a key cosmological method which will be applied to the top-rated ground-based project in the Astro2020 decadal survey, LSST. Weak lensing tomography is one of the key science drivers behind LSST. CO-I Clowe is on the weak lensing LSST committee, and senior scientist on this project, at FNAL James Annis, plays a leading role in the DES. This project has built on successful proposals to obtain ground-based imaging for the cluster sample. By 1 Jan, it is anticipated the project will have accumulated complete 5-color photometry on 30 (or about 1/3) of the targeted cluster sample (public webpage for the survey is available at http://cencos.oamp.fr/DAFT/ and has a current summary of the observational status of various clusters). In all, the project has now been awarded the equivalent of over 60 nights on 4-m class telescopes, which gives concrete evidence of strong community support for this project. The WLT technique is based on the dependence of the gravitational shear signal on the angular diameter distances between the observer, the lens, and the lensed galaxy to measure cosmological parameters. By taking the ratio of measured shears of galaxies with different redshifts around the same lens, one obtains a measurement of the ratios of the angular diameter distances involved. Making these observations over a large range of lenses and background galaxy redshifts will measure the history of the expansion rate of the universe. Because this is a purely geometric measurement, it is insensitive to any form of evolution of objects or the necessity to understand the physics in the early universe. Thus, WLT was identified by the Dark Energy Task Force as perhaps the best method to measure the evolution of DE. To date, however, the conjecture of the DETF has not been experimentally verified, but will be by the proposed project. The primary reason for the lack of tomography measurements is that one must have an exceptional data-set to attempt the measurement. One needs both extremely good seeing (or space observations) in order to minimize the point spread function smearing corrections on weak lensing shear measurements and deep, multi-color data, from B to z, to measure reliable photometric redshifts of the background galaxies being lensed (which are typically too faint to obtain spectroscopic redshifts). Because the entire process from multi-drizzling the HST images, and then creating shear maps, to gathering the necessary ground based observations, to generating photo-zs and then carrying out the tomography is a complicated task, until the creation of our team, nobody has taken the time to connect all the levels of expertise necessary to carry out this project based on HST archival data. Our data are being used in 2 Ph.D. theses. Kellen Murphy, at Ohio University, is using the tomography data along with simulations in a thesis expected to be completed in Jun
Ulmer, Melville P., Clowe, Douglas I.
Earthquake Forecast via Neutrino Tomography
We discuss the possibility of forecasting earthquakes by means of (anti)neutrino tomography. Antineutrinos emitted from reactors are used as a probe. As the antineutrinos traverse through a region prone to earthquakes, observable variations in the matter effect on the antineutrino oscillation would provide a tomography of the vicinity of the region. In this preliminary work, we adopt a simplified model for the geometrical profile and matter density in a fault zone. We calculate the survival probability of electron antineutrinos for cases without and with an anomalous accumulation of electrons which can be considered as a clear signal of the coming earthquake, at the geological region with a fault zone, and find that the variation may reach as much as 3% for $\\bar \
Bin Wang; Ya-Zheng Chen; Xue-Qian Li
Pre-resistance-welding resistance check
A preweld resistance check for resistance welding machines uses an open circuited measurement to determine the welding machine resistance, a closed circuit measurement to determine the parallel resistance of a workpiece set and the machine, and a calculation to determine the resistance of the workpiece set. Any variation in workpiece set or machine resistance is an indication that the weld may be different from a control weld.
Destefan, Dennis E. (Broomfield, CO); Stompro, David A. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Reply to comment on "Electrical Tomography of La Soufrire of Guadeloupe Volcano: Field experiments, 1D inversion and
Discussion Reply to comment on "Electrical Tomography of La Soufrière of Guadeloupe Volcano: Field.25.Qi; 91.35.Pn; 91.40.-k; 93.30.Vs 1. Introduction We thank Linde and Revil for their comment [1 and discuss our approach for interpreting electrical resistivity data acquired over complex geological
Beauducel, François
In this paper, we study the mathematical model of thermoacoustic and photoacoustic tomography for a sound speed that jumps across a smooth closed surface.
Direct-Current Resistivity Survey At Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank...
Blue Mountain Area (Fairbank Engineering Ltd, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Blue Mountain Area Exploration Technique Direct-Current Resistivity Survey Activity Date...
Dismantling techniques
Most of the dismantling techniques used in a Decontamination and Dismantlement (D and D) project are taken from conventional demolition practices. Some modifications to the techniques are made to limit exposure to the workers or to lessen the spread of contamination to the work area. When working on a D and D project, it is best to keep the dismantling techniques and tools as simple as possible. The workers will be more efficient and safer using techniques that are familiar to them. Prior experience with the technique or use of mock-ups is the best way to keep workers safe and to keep the project on schedule.
Wiese, E.
Line-source based X-ray Tomography Deepak Bharkhada1,2
resolution is limited by the time necessary to acquire sufficient projection data over an angular range. #12 Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109 Abstract: Current computed tomography (CT reconstruction technique (SART) algorithm for image reconstruction from projection data generated by an x
Plemmons, Robert J.
Computed Tomography software and standards
This document establishes the software design, nomenclature, and conventions for industrial Computed Tomography (CT) used in the Nondestructive Evaluation Section at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It is mainly a users guide to the technical use of the CT computer codes, but also presents a proposed standard for describing CT experiments and reconstructions. Each part of this document specifies different aspects of the CT software organization. A set of tables at the end describes the CT parameters of interest in our project. 4 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Azevedo, S.G.; Martz, H.E.; Skeate, M.F.; Schneberk, D.J.; Roberson, G.P.
Understanding Atom Probe Tomography of Oxide-Supported Metal...
Atom Probe Tomography of Oxide-Supported Metal Nanoparticles by Correlation with Atomic Resolution Electron Understanding Atom Probe Tomography of Oxide-Supported Metal...
Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization...
Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization for a Berea Sandstone: Resolution Effect. Using X-Ray Computed Tomography in Pore Structure Characterization for...
ALGEBRAIC ASPECTS OF EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY WITH ABSORPTION L. Hajdu and R. Tijdeman Abstract of emission tomography with absorption, con- sider a ray (such as light or X-ray) transmitting through #1; e #22;x ; where #22; #21; 0 denotes the absorption coe�?cient of the material, and x is the length
Tijdeman, Robert
Fast Globally Convergent Reconstruction in Emission Tomography
considerable speedup by using only a subset of the projection data per sub- iteration. However, OSEM1 Fast Globally Convergent Reconstruction in Emission Tomography Using COSEM, an Incremental EM globally convergent incremental EM algorithms for reconstruction in emission tomography, COSEM- ML
Rangarajan, Anand
XEDS STEM Tomography For 3D Chemical Characterization Of Nanoscale Particles
We present a tomography technique which couples scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) to resolve 3D distribution of elements in nanoscale materials. STEM imaging when combined with a symmetrically arranged XEDS detector design around the specimen overcomes many of the obstacles in 3D spectroscopic tomography of nanoscale materials and successfully elucidate the 3D chemical information in a large field of view of the TEM sample. We employed this technique to investigate 3D distribution of Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn) and Oxygen (O) in Li(NiMn)O2 battery cathode material. For this purpose, 2D elemental maps were acquired for a range of tilt angles and reconstructed to obtain 3D elemental distribution in an isolated Li(NiMnO2) nanoparticle. The results highlight the strength of this technique in 3D chemical analysis of nanoscale materials by successfully resolving Ni, Mn and O elemental distributions in 3D and discovering the new phenomenon of Ni surface segregation in this material. Furthermore, the comparison of simultaneously acquired HAADF STEM and XEDS STEM tomography results show that XEDS STEM tomography provides additional 3D chemical information of the material especially when there is low atomic number (Z) contrast in the material of interest.
Genc, Arda; Kovarik, Libor; Gu, Meng; Cheng, Huikai; Plachinda, Pavel; Pullan, Lee; Freitag, Bert; Wang, Chong M.
Positron emission tomography wrist detector
A method of serially transferring annihilation information in a compact positron emission tomography (PET) scanner includes generating a time signal representing a time-of-occurrence of an annihilation event, generating an address signal representing a channel detecting the annihilation event, and generating a channel signal including the time and address signals. The method also includes generating a composite signal including the channel signal and another similarly generated channel signal concerning another annihilation event. An apparatus that serially transfers annihilation information includes a time signal generator, address signal generator, channel signal generator, and composite signal generator. The time signal is asynchronous and the address signal is synchronous to a clock signal. A PET scanner includes a scintillation array, detection array, front-end array, and a serial encoder. The serial encoders include the time signal generator, address signal generator, channel signal generator, and composite signal generator.
Schlyer, David J. (Bellport, NY); O'Connor, Paul (Bellport, NY); Woody, Craig (Setauket, NY); Junnarkar, Sachin Shrirang (Sound Beach, NY); Radeka, Veljko (Bellport, NY); Vaska, Paul (Sound Beach, NY); Pratte, Jean-Francois (Stony Brook, NY)
Collimator-free photon tomography
A method of uncollimated single photon emission computed tomography includes administering a radioisotope to a patient for producing gamma ray photons from a source inside the patient. Emissivity of the photons is measured externally of the patient with an uncollimated gamma camera at a plurality of measurement positions surrounding the patient for obtaining corresponding energy spectrums thereat. Photon emissivity at the plurality of measurement positions is predicted using an initial prediction of an image of the source. The predicted and measured photon emissivities are compared to obtain differences therebetween. Prediction and comparison is iterated by updating the image prediction until the differences are below a threshold for obtaining a final prediction of the source image. 6 figs.
Dilmanian, F.A.; Barbour, R.L.
A method of uncollimated single photon emission computed tomography includes administering a radioisotope to a patient for producing gamma ray photons from a source inside the patient. Emissivity of the photons is measured externally of the patient with an uncollimated gamma camera at a plurality of measurement positions surrounding the patient for obtaining corresponding energy spectrums thereat. Photon emissivity at the plurality of measurement positions is predicted using an initial prediction of an image of the source. The predicted and measured photon emissivities are compared to obtain differences therebetween. Prediction and comparison is iterated by updating the image prediction until the differences are below a threshold for obtaining a final prediction of the source image.
Dilmanian, F. Avraham (Yaphank, NY); Barbour, Randall L. (Westbury, NY)
FIB�SEM tomography of 4th generation PWA 1497 superalloy
The effect of creep deformation on the microstructure of the PWA 1497 single crystal Ni-base superalloy developed for turbine blade applications was investigated. The aim of the present study was to characterize quantitatively a superalloy microstructure and subsequent development of rafted ?? precipitates in the PWA 1497 during creep deformation at 982 �C and 248 MPa up to rupture. The PWA1497 microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FIB�SEM electron tomography. The 3D reconstruction of the PWA1497 microstructure is presented and discussed. - Highlights: � The microstructure of PWA1497 superalloy was examined using FIB�SEM tomography. � In case of modern single crystal superalloys, measurements of A{sub A} are adequate for V{sub V}. � During creep the ? channel width increases from 65 to 193 nm for ruptured specimen. � Tomography is a useful technique for quantitative studies of material microstructure.
Zi?tara, Maciej, E-mail: email@example.com; Kruk, Adam, E-mail: email@example.com; Gruszczy?ski, Adam, E-mail: email@example.com; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Aleksandra, E-mail: email@example.com
Positron Emission Tomography Physics, Instrumentation, Data Analysis
1 Positron Emission Tomography Physics, Instrumentation, Data Analysis Carl K. Hoh, MD Department fast computer Filtered Back Projection Iterative Reconstruction PET Image Reconstruction #12 PET Scanner Design · Smaller individual crystal size = better spatial resolution · Physical limit
Liu, Thomas T.
Economical standard quantum process tomography
Recently, Bendersky \\emph{et al.} developed a method to complete the task of characterizing an arbitrary $\\chi$ matrix element in a scalable way, Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol. \\textbf{100}, 190403(2008), where an auxiliary system was needed. In present work, we shall show that the same task can also be completed within the scheme of standard quantum process tomography (SQPT) where there is no requirement for ancilla. Our method depends on two observations: With the elaborately chosen operators basis, the SQPT may have an economical form where a single run of experiment, in which we measure the expectation value of a chosen operator in the outport of the quantum channel with a known input, is sufficient to characterize a selected $\\chi$ matrix element; With the progress recently achieved in quantum entanglement detection, we also find that the number of the experimental settings to realize the experiment for the selected $\\chi$ matrix element does not exceed 2N for the N-qubits system. For practice, our scheme can be applied for the cases where the controlled two-body interaction is neither available nor desirable.
Xiaohua Wu; Ke Xu
Electrochemical Techniques
Sensitive and selective detection techniques are of crucial importance for capillary electrophoresis (CE), microfluidic chips, and other microfluidic systems. Electrochemical detectors have attracted considerable interest for microfluidic systems with features that include high sensitivity, inherent miniaturization of both the detection and control instrumentation, low cost and power demands, and high compatibility with microfabrication technology. The commonly used electrochemical detectors can be classified into three general modes: conductimetry, potentiometry, and amperometry.
Chen, Gang; Lin, Yuehe
Corrosion resistant concrete using corrosion resistant steel.
??Corrosion of reinforced concrete is a major concern in the United States infrastructure. It is possible to create corrosion resistant concrete structures throughcareful evaluation of� (more)
Beh, David
Computed tomography of the thorax: a status report
Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax shows early promise of important diagnostic advances. We believe that CT often provides information superior to that provided by standard roentgenographic techniques, is capable of significantly influencing patient management, and in selected instances, offers unique information not available by other methods. Computed tomography permits the imaging of mediastinal structures not possible with conventional roentgenographic methods and can diagnose with certainty benign mediastinal conditions such as pericardial cysts and focal or diffuse accumulations of fat. It is ideal for detecting pleural abnormalities and for displaying underlying parenchymal disease in patients with complex pleuroparenchymal shadows on conventional films. Pulmonary metastases unseen on the plain chest film can be detected with greater sensitivity than by any other method. Future applications of CT include the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma, the differentiation of benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules, and the detection of diffuse diseases involving the lung parenchyma before they are visible on conventional roentgenograms. Additional clinical experience and careful studies will determine CTs final role as a diagnostic aid for disorders of the thorax.
Pugatch, R.D.; Faling, L.J.
Quantifying the debonding of inclusions through tomography and computational homology.
This report describes a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project to use of synchrotron-radiation computed tomography (SRCT) data to determine the conditions and mechanisms that lead to void nucleation in rolled alloys. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has provided SRCT data of a few specimens of 7075-T7351 aluminum plate (widely used for aerospace applications) stretched to failure, loaded in directions perpendicular and parallel to the rolling direction. The resolution of SRCT data is 900nm, which allows elucidation of the mechanisms governing void growth and coalescence. This resolution is not fine enough, however, for nucleation. We propose the use statistics and image processing techniques to obtain sub-resolution scale information from these data, and thus determine where in the specimen and when during the loading program nucleation occurs and the mechanisms that lead to it. Quantitative analysis of the tomography data, however, leads to the conclusion that the reconstruction process compromises the information obtained from the scans. Alternate, more powerful reconstruction algorithms are needed to address this problem, but those fall beyond the scope of this project.
Lu, Wei-Yang; Johnson, George C. (University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA); Mota, Alejandro; Foulk, James W., III; Jin, Huiqing
Our Next Two Steps for Fukushima Daiichi Muon Tomography
After the vast disasters caused by the great earthquake and tsunami in eastern Japan, we proposed applying our Muon Tomography (MT) technique to help and improve the emergency situation at Fukushima Daiichi using cosmic-ray muons. A reactor-tomography team was formed at LANL which was supported by the Laboratory as a response to a request by the former Japanese Prime Minister, Naoto Kan. Our goal is to help the Japanese people and support remediation of the reactors. At LANL, we have carried out a proof-of-principle technical demonstration and simulation studies that established the feasibility of MT to image a reactor core. This proposal covers the next two critical steps for Fukushima Daiichi Muon Imaging: (1) undertake case study mock-up experiments of Fukushima Daiichi, and (2) system optimization. We requested funding to the US and Japanese government to assess damage of reactors at Fukushima Daiichi. The two steps will bring our project to the 'ready-to-go' level.
Miyadera, Haruo [Los Alamos National Laboratory
LMFBR fuel bundle distortion characterization using neutron tomography and potting
A standard liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) subassembly used in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBRII) was investigated for fuel bundle distortion by both nondestructive and destructive methods, and the results from both methods were compared. The nondestructive method employed neutron tomography to reconstruct the locations of fuel elements through the use of a maximum entropy reconstruction algorithm known as MENT. The destructive method consisted of ''potting'' (a technique that embeds and permanently fixes the fuel elements in a solid matrix) the subassembly and then cutting and polishing the individual sections. The comparison indicated that the tomography reconstruction provided good results in describing the bundle geometry and spacer-wire locations, with the overall resolution being on the order of a spacer-wire diameter. A dimensional consistency check indicated that the element and spacer-wire dimensions were accurately reproduced in the reconstruction. It was found that in situ fuel elements deform axially in a helical spiral and that the reconstruction was able to identify this helical distortion to within approximately half of a spacerwire diameter.
Betten, P.R.; Tow, D.M.
Multilevel bioluminescence tomography based on radiative transfer equation
, "A fast forward solver of radiative transfer equation," Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 38Multilevel bioluminescence tomography based on radiative transfer equation Part 1: l1 approach for bioluminescence tomography based on radiative transfer equation with the emphasis on improving
Soatto, Stefano
Tomography and High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Surfaces...
Tomography and High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of Surfaces and Porosity in a Plate-Like ?-Al2O3. Tomography and High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Study of...
Data fusion in neutron and X-ray computed tomography
We present a fusion methodology between neutron and X-ray computed tomography (CT). On the one hand, the inspection by X-ray CT of a wide class of multimaterials in non-destructive testing applications suffers from limited information of object features. On the other hand, neutron imaging can provide complementary data in such a way that the combination of both data sets fully characterizes the object. In this contribution, a novel data fusion procedure, called Fusion Regularized Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, is developed where the X-ray reconstruction is modified to fulfill the available data from the imaging with neutrons. The experiments, which were obtained from an aluminum profile containing a steel screw, and attached carbon fiber plates demonstrate that the image quality in CT can be significantly improved when the proposed fusion method is used.
Schrapp, Michael J. [Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich (Germany); Physik Department E21, Technische Universit�t M�nchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching (Germany); Goldammer, Matthias [Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich (Germany); Schulz, Michael [Physik Department E21, Technische Universit�t M�nchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching (Germany); Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universit�t M�nchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching (Germany); Issani, Siraj; Bhamidipati, Suryanarayana [Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Bangalore (India); B�ni, Peter [Physik Department E21, Technische Universit�t M�nchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching (Germany)
Evaluation of Turbine Blades Using Computed Tomography
Turbine blades are high value castings having complex internal geometry. Computed Tomography has been employed on Turbine blades for finding out defects and internal details. The wall thickness, rib thickness and radius of curvature are measured from the CT slices. The discontinuities including blockages of cooling passages in the cast material can be detected. 3D visualization of the turbine blade provides in extracting its internal features including inaccessible areas nondestructively, which is not possible through conventional NDE methods. The salient features for evaluation of turbine blades using Tomography are brought out.
C. Muralidhar; S. N. Lukose; M. P. Subramanian
Thermal contact resistance
This work deals with phenomena of thermal resistance for metallic surfaces in contact. The main concern of the work is to develop reliable and practical methods for prediction of the thermal contact resistance for various ...
Mikic, B. B.
Cone Beam Tomography using MPI on Heterogeneous Workstation Clusters
tomography is a computed tomography method which efficiently acquires projectional data through a single. Introduction Tomographic reconstruction from projections using computed tomography (CT) provides a noninvasive, the projectional data is projected back onto an image buffer with each de- tected ray backprojected in it
Chaudhary, Vipin
Binary Tomography with Deblurring Stefan Weber1
two scenarios of limited-angle binary tomography with data distorted with an unknown convolution: Either the projec- tion data are taken from a blurred object, or the projection data them- selves the projection data before reconstruction (let us call them preprocessing) and then the reconstruction
Schnörr, Christoph
Single-Shot Quantum Process Tomography
The standard procedure for quantum process tomography (QPT) involves applying the quantum process on a system initialized in each of a complete set of orthonormal states. The corresponding outputs are then characterized by quantum state tomography (QST), which itself requires the measurement of non-commuting observables realized by independent experiments on identically prepared system states. Thus QPT procedure demands a number of independent measurements, and moreover, this number increases rapidly with the size of the system. However, the total number of independent measurements can be greatly reduced with the availability of ancilla qubits. Ancilla assisted process tomography (AAPT) has earlier been shown to require a single QST of system-ancilla space. Ancilla assisted quantum state tomography (AAQST) has also been shown to perform QST in a single measurement. Here we combine AAPT with AAQST to realize a `single-shot QPT' (SSPT), a procedure to characterize a general quantum process in a single collective measurement of a set of commuting observables. We demonstrate experimental SSPT by characterizing several single-qubit processes using a three-qubit NMR quantum register. Furthermore, using the SSPT procedure we experimentally characterize the twirling process and compare the results with theory.
Abhishek Shukla; T. S. Mahesh
PLANT RESISTANCE Glandular-Haired Alfalfa Resistance to Potato Leafhopper
PLANT RESISTANCE Glandular-Haired Alfalfa Resistance to Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae for the degree and types of resistance to the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and hopperburn. A tube resistance indices for potato leafhopper resistance, hopperburn resistance, and an overall glandular
Mathis, Wayne N.
Method of producing titanium-modified austenitic steel having improved swelling resistance
A process for improving the swelling resistance of a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel that involves a combination of rapid solidification and dynamic compaction techniques.
Megusar, Janez (Belmont, MA); Grant, Nicholas J. (Winchester, MA)
Retrieving the 3D matter power spectrum and galaxy biasing parameters from lensing tomography
With the availability of galaxy distance indicators in weak lensing surveys, lensing tomography can basically be harnessed to constrain the spatial 3D matter power spectrum over a range in redshift and physical scale. Furthermore, by adding galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering this can be extended to probe the 3D galaxy-matter and galaxy-galaxy power spectrum or, alternatively, galaxy biasing parameters. To achieve this aim, this paper introduces and discusses minimum variance estimators and a more general Bayesian approach to statistically invert a set of noisy tomography 2-point correlation functions, measured within a confined opening angle. Both methods are constructed such that they probe deviations of the 3D power spectrum from a fiducial power spectrum. Thereby a direct comparison of theory and data is achieved, the physical scale and redshift of deviations can in principle be identified. By devising a new Monte Carlo technique the measurement noise in the correlators is quantified for a fiducia...
Simon, Patrick
Quantum process tomography and Linblad estimation of a solid state qubit
We present an example of quantum process tomography (QPT) performed on a single solid state qubit. The qubit used is two energy levels of the triplet state in the Nitrogen-Vacancy defect in Diamond. Quantum process tomography is applied to a qubit which has been allowed to decohere for three different time periods. In each case the process is found in terms of the chi matrix representation and the affine map representation. The discrepancy between experimentally estimated process and the closest physically valid process is noted. The results of QPT performed after three different decoherence times are used to find the error generators, or Lindblad operators, for the system, using the technique introduced by Boulant et al. [N. Boulant, T.F. Havel, M.A. Pravia and D.G. Cory, Phys. Rev. A 67, 042322 (2003)].
M. Howard; J. Twamley; C. Wittmann; T. Gaebel; F. Jelezko; J. Wrachtrup
airborne resistivity techniques: Topics by E-print Network
152 Long-term determination of airborne concentrations of unattached and attached radon progeny using stacked LR 115 detector with Biology and Medicine Websites Summary:...
Fourier analysis and synthesis tomography.
Most far-field optical imaging systems rely on a lens and spatially-resolved detection to probe distinct locations on the object. We describe and demonstrate a novel high-speed wide-field approach to imaging that instead measures the complex spatial Fourier transform of the object by detecting its spatially-integrated response to dynamic acousto-optically synthesized structured illumination. Tomographic filtered backprojection is applied to reconstruct the object in two or three dimensions. This technique decouples depth-of-field and working-distance from resolution, in contrast to conventional imaging, and can be used to image biological and synthetic structures in fluoresced or scattered light employing coherent or broadband illumination. We discuss the electronically programmable transfer function of the optical system and its implications for imaging dynamic processes. Finally, we present for the first time two-dimensional high-resolution image reconstructions demonstrating a three-orders-of-magnitude improvement in depth-of-field over conventional lens-based microscopy.
Wagner, Kelvin H. (University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO); Sinclair, Michael B.; Feldkuhn, Daniel (University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO)
Monitoring DNAPL pumping using integrated geophysical techniques
The removal of DNAPL during pumping was monitored. At Hill AFB in Utah, a free-product DNAPL plume (predominantly TCE, with some TCA, PCE, methylene chloride) is pooled in water-wet soil on a thick clay aquitard. Groundwater pumping at Operable Unit 2 began in 1994; to date, nearly 30,000 gal DNAPL have been recovered. From Sept. 1994 through Sept. 1995, changes in the basin during DNAPL pumping were monitored using fiber optic chemical sensors, neutron logs, and electrical resistance tomography (ERT). The first two sensor types verify the presence of DNAPL in vicinity of 3 boreholes which form a cross section from the perimeter of the basin to its center. Cross borehole ERT images the changes in formation electrical properties due to removal of DNAPL, extending the understanding of DNAPL removal between the boreholes. During pumping, electrical resistivities decreased; we suggest these decreases are directly caused by the reduction in DNAPL. During ground water pumping, water with relatively low resistivity replaces some of the DNAPL pockets as the highly insulating DNAPL is removed. Results suggest that, as DNAPL is pumped from a nearby well, product slowly drains along the top of an aquitard and into the pump well, where it collects.
Newmark, R.L.
Hydrogen permeation resistant barrier
A hydrogen permeation resistant barrier is formed by diffusing aluminum into an iron or nickel alloy and forming an intermetallic aluminide layer.
McGuire, Joseph C. (Richland, WA); Brehm, William F. (Richland, WA)
From Consumer Resistance to Stakeholder Resistance The case of nanotechnology*
1 From Consumer Resistance to Stakeholder Resistance The case of nanotechnology* Caroline Gauthier proposes to study the resistance of stakeholders, by exploring the nanotech field. Nanotechnology is today in the resistance context. Keywords. Nanotechnology; Resistance Bio. Caroline Gauthier is currently Professor
Boyer, Edmond
Derivation of site-specific relationships between hydraulic parameters and p-wave velocities based on hydraulic and seismic tomography
In this study, hydraulic and seismic tomographic measurements were used to derive a site-specific relationship between the geophysical parameter p-wave velocity and the hydraulic parameters, diffusivity and specific storage. Our field study includes diffusivity tomograms derived from hydraulic travel time tomography, specific storage tomograms, derived from hydraulic attenuation tomography, and p-wave velocity tomograms, derived from seismic tomography. The tomographic inversion was performed in all three cases with the SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) algorithm, using a ray tracing technique with curved trajectories. The experimental set-up was designed such that the p-wave velocity tomogram overlaps the hydraulic tomograms by half. The experiments were performed at a wellcharacterized sand and gravel aquifer, located in the Leine River valley near G�ttingen, Germany. Access to the shallow subsurface was provided by direct-push technology. The high spatial resolution of hydraulic and seismic tomography was exploited to derive representative site-specific relationships between the hydraulic and geophysical parameters, based on the area where geophysical and hydraulic tests were performed. The transformation of the p-wave velocities into hydraulic properties was undertaken using a k-means cluster analysis. Results demonstrate that the combination of hydraulic and geophysical tomographic data is a promising approach to improve hydrogeophysical site characterization.
Brauchler, R.; Doetsch, J.; Dietrich, P.; Sauter, M.
Correspondences DDT resistance in
Magazine R587 Correspondences DDT resistance in flies carries no cost Caroline McCart1, Angus to carry a cost in the absence of pesticide and consequently not to spread to fixation [1,2]. However, DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster (DDT-R) is approaching fixation globally, long after withdrawl of DDT
Buckling, Angus
Applying Compactness Constraints to Differential Traveltime Tomography
Tomographic imaging problems are typically ill-posed and often require the use of regularization techniques
Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B.
Temporal Integration of Seismic Traveltime Tomography
Time-lapse geophysical measurements and seismic imaging methods in particular are powerful techniques
angiographic computed tomography: Topics by E-print Network
the development and application of a 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography (4D CT) simulation program. The simulation is used to understand and quantify the sources of image...
White-Etching Crack Failure Overview, Tomography Analysis, and...
White-Etching Crack Failure Overview, Tomography Analysis, and Test Development Presented by Aaron Greco of Argonne National Laboratory at the Wind Turbine Tribology Seminar 2014....
Time-dependent seismic tomography and its application to the...
changes in Earth structure are commonly determined using local earthquake tomography computer programs that invert multiple seismic-wave arrival time data sets separately and...
Instability of the linearized problem in multiwave tomography of ...
the sound speed and the thermal absorption arising in thermoacoustic and ... body of a patient, most often electromagnetic (thermoacoustic tomography) or op-
Constrained optimization in seismic reflection tomography: an SQP ...
Seismic reflection tomography is a method for determining a subsurface velocity model from the traveltimes of seismic waves reflecting on geological interfaces.
In-line x-ray phase-contrast tomography and diffraction-contrast tomography study of the ferrite-cementite microstructure in steel
In-line x-ray phase-contrast tomography and diffraction-contrast tomography study of the ferrite;In-line X-ray phase-contrast tomography and diffraction-contrast tomography study of the ferrite embedded in a ferrite matrix of medium-carbon steel. The measurements were carried out at the material
van Vliet, Lucas J.
28,183HUSEN ET AL.: TOMOGRAPHY OF SHALLOW SUBDUCTION IN CHILE Local earthquake tomography of shallow subduction in north Chile: A
[Graeber and Asch, 1999; C. Haberland and A. Rietbrock, Attenuation tomography in the western central Andes
AC resistance measuring instrument
An auto-ranging AC resistance measuring instrument for remote measurement of the resistance of an electrical device or circuit connected to the instrument includes a signal generator which generates an AC excitation signal for application to a load, including the device and the transmission line, a monitoring circuit which provides a digitally encoded signal representing the voltage across the load, and a microprocessor which operates under program control to provide an auto-ranging function by which range resistance is connected in circuit with the load to limit the load voltage to an acceptable range for the instrument, and an auto-compensating function by which compensating capacitance is connected in shunt with the range resistance to compensate for the effects of line capacitance. After the auto-ranging and auto-compensation functions are complete, the microprocessor calculates the resistance of the load from the selected range resistance, the excitation signal, and the load voltage signal, and displays of the measured resistance on a digital display of the instrument. 8 figs.
Hof, P.J.
3D and 4D magnetic susceptibility tomography based on complex MR images
Magnetic susceptibility is the physical property for T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*MRI). The invention relates to methods for reconstructing an internal distribution (3D map) of magnetic susceptibility values, .chi. (x,y,z), of an object, from 3D T2*MRI phase images, by using Computed Inverse Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CIMRI) tomography. The CIMRI technique solves the inverse problem of the 3D convolution by executing a 3D Total Variation (TV) regularized iterative convolution scheme, using a split Bregman iteration algorithm. The reconstruction of .chi. (x,y,z) can be designed for low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass features by using a convolution kernel that is modified from the standard dipole kernel. Multiple reconstructions can be implemented in parallel, and averaging the reconstructions can suppress noise. 4D dynamic magnetic susceptibility tomography can be implemented by reconstructing a 3D susceptibility volume from a 3D phase volume by performing 3D CIMRI magnetic susceptibility tomography at each snapshot time.
Chen, Zikuan; Calhoun, Vince D
Characterizing aquifer heterogeneity using hydraulic tomography
such as sands and gravels because these materials drain the water so quickly. The K value is highly localized and only represents the portion of the aquifer in which the core was taken. When working with unconsolidated sediments, care must be taken to pack...?????. .?????.1 17 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of field site and layout of wells used in study (figure modified from Engard, 2006). Figure 2: MOG setup for tomography study. Figure 3: Packed versus unpacked response in an observation well...
Wachter, Brian James
Adaptive schemes for incomplete quantum process tomography
We propose an iterative algorithm for incomplete quantum process tomography with the help of quantum state estimation. The algorithm, which is based on the combined principles of maximum likelihood and maximum entropy, yields a unique estimator for an unknown quantum process when one has less than a complete set of linearly independent measurement data to specify the quantum process uniquely. We apply this iterative algorithm adaptively in various situations and so optimize the amount of resources required to estimate a quantum process with incomplete data.
Teo, Yong Siah [Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 (Singapore); NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore 117597 (Singapore); Englert, Berthold-Georg [Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 (Singapore); Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 (Singapore); Rehacek, Jaroslav; Hradil, Zdenek [Department of Optics, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc (Czech Republic)
Study on creating hydraulic tomography for crystalline rock using frequency dependent elastic wave velocity
The objective of this study is to establish a technique to obtain hydraulic conductivity distribution in granite rock masses using seismic tomography. We apply the characteristic that elastic wave velocity disperses in fully saturated porous media on frequency and this velocity dispersion is governed by the hydraulic conductivity - this characteristic has been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The feasibility and design of the field experiment was demonstrated in a first step with numerical simulations. In a second step we applied the technique to the fractured granite at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. The emphasis of the field campaign was on the evaluation of the range of applicability of this technique. The field campaign was structured in three steps, each one corresponding to a larger spatial scale. First, the seismic tomography was applied to a small area - the two boreholes were located at a distance of 1.5 m. In the following step, we selected a larger area, in which the distance of the boreholes amounts to 10 m and the field corresponds to a more complex geology. Finally we applied the testing to a field where the borehole distance was of the order of 75 m. We also drilled a borehole to confirm hydraulic characteristic and reviewed hydraulic model in the 1.5 m cross-hole location area. The results from the field campaign are presented and their application to the various fields are discussed and evaluated. (authors)
Yoshimura, K.; Sakashita, S. [Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center, Tokyo (Japan); Ando, K.; Bruines, P. [Civil Engineering Technical Division, Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo (Japan); Blechschmidt, I. [National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Wettingen (Switzerland); Kickmaier, W. [University of Applied Sciences, Northern Switzerland, Brugg (Switzerland); Onishi, Y.; Nishiyama, S. [Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto (Japan)
E-Print Network 3.0 - angiography computed tomography Sample...
Solutions Computed Tomography (CTCAT) 3D volume is reconstructed... ) Computer Tomography (CT): Radon-Transformation reconstructs images from projection data-profiles ...
XEDS STEM Tomography For 3D Chemical CharacterizationOf Nanoscale...
XEDS STEM Tomography For 3D Chemical CharacterizationOf Nanoscale Particles. XEDS STEM Tomography For 3D Chemical CharacterizationOf Nanoscale Particles. Abstract: We present a...
E-Print Network 3.0 - artery computed tomography Sample Search...
computed tomography Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: artery computed tomography Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Abstract Computed...
Phase contrast tomography of the mouse cochlea at microfocus x-ray sources
We present phase contrast x-ray tomography of functional soft tissue within the bony cochlear capsule of mice, carried out at laboratory microfocus sources with well-matched source, detector, geometry, and reconstruction algorithms at spatial resolutions down to 2 ?m. Contrast, data quality and resolution enable the visualization of thin membranes and nerve fibers as well as automated segmentation of surrounding bone. By complementing synchrotron radiation imaging techniques, a broad range of biomedical applications becomes possible as demonstrated for optogenetic cochlear implant research.
Bartels, Matthias; Krenkel, Martin [Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany)] [Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Hernandez, Victor H. [InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany) [InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Moser, Tobias [InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany) [InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, G�ttingen (Germany); Salditt, Tim [Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany) [Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of G�ttingen, G�ttingen (Germany); Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, G�ttingen (Germany)
Multilevel bioluminescence tomography based on radiative transfer equation Part 2: total variation with both l1 and total- variation norm for bioluminescence tomography based on radiative transfer equation, Radiative Transfer (Dover Publications, 1960). 14. K. M. Case and P. F. PF Zweifel, Linear Transport Theory
Total variation based Fourier reconstruction and regularization for computer tomography
of the reconstruted image. Insufficiency of data may be caused by the undersampling of projections, by the limitedTotal variation based Fourier reconstruction and regularization for computer tomography Xiao. Index Terms-- Computer tomography, reconstruction, regular- ization, iterative method, Fourier method
Zhang, Xiaoqun
Full-wavelet approach for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography
Full-wavelet approach for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography with structured illumination Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy 3 Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London); published October 28, 2010 We present a fast reconstruction method for fluorescence optical tomography
Raw Data Compression in Computed Tomography: Noise Shaping
Raw Data Compression in Computed Tomography: Noise Shaping Yao Xie (team member: Adam Wang) Project.1 Background X-ray computed tomography (CT) builds on the physical principles of radiography. It uses multiple ring that has a limited data transfer rate. Compression can be used to reduce the data rate through
Xie, Yao
Propagation Beam Consideration for 3D THz Computed Tomography
Propagation Beam Consideration for 3D THz Computed Tomography B. Recur, 1, J.P. Guillet, 2 I. Manek, "Refraction losses in terahertz computed tomography," Opt. Commun. 283, 20502055 (2010). 8. S. Nadar, H, "Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 13, 601
Registration of Planar Film Radiographs with Computed Tomography
Registration of Planar Film Radiographs with Computed Tomography Lisa M. Gottesfeld Brown lisabHigh University Bethlehem, PA 18015 Abstract In this paper we describe a method to register Computed Tomography, high resolution, three dimensional, structural med- ical images, such as data from X-ray computed
Boult, Terrance E.
Ultrasonic multi-skip tomography for pipe inspection
The inspection of wall loss corrosion is difficult at pipe supports due to limited accessibility. The recently developed ultrasonic Multi-Skip screening technique is suitable for this problem. The method employs ultrasonic transducers in a pitch-catch geometry positioned on opposite sides of the pipe support. Shear waves are transmitted in the axial direction within the pipe wall, reflecting multiple times between the inner and outer surfaces before reaching the receivers. Along this path, the signals accumulate information on the integral wall thickness (e.g., via variations in travel time). The method is very sensitive in detecting the presence of wall loss, but it is difficult to quantify both the extent and depth of the loss. Multi-skip tomography has been developed to reconstruct the wall thickness profile along the axial direction of the pipe. The method uses model-based full wave field inversion; this consists of a forward model for predicting the measured wave field and an iterative process that compares the predicted and measured wave fields and minimizes the differences with respect to the model parameters (i.e., the wall thickness profile). Experimental results are very encouraging. Various defects (slot and flat bottom hole) are reconstructed using the tomographic inversion. The general shape and width are well recovered. The current sizing accuracy is in the order of 1 mm.
Volker, Arno; Zon, Tim van [TNO, Stieltjesweg 1, P.O. Box 155 2600 AD Delft (Netherlands)
Quantum process tomography of unitary and near-unitary maps
We study quantum process tomography given the prior information that the map is a unitary or close to a unitary process. We show that a unitary map on a $d$-level system is completely characterized by a minimal set of $d^2{+}d$ elements associated with a collection of POVMs, in contrast to the $d^4{-}d^2$ elements required for a general completely positive trace-preserving map. To achieve this lower bound, one must probe the map with a particular set of $d$ pure states. We further compare the performance of different compressed sensing algorithms used to reconstruct a near-unitary process from such data. We find that when we have accurate prior information, an appropriate compressed sensing method reduces the required data needed for high-fidelity estimation, and different estimators applied to the same data are sensitive to different types of noise. Compressed sensing techniques can therefore be used both as indicators of error models and to validate the use of the prior assumptions.
Charles H. Baldwin; Amir Kalev; Ivan H. Deutsch
Artifact reduction in industrial computed tomography via data fusion
As the most stressed part of a gas turbine the first row of turbine blades is not only a challenge for the materials used. Also the testing of these parts have to meet the highest standards. Computed tomography (CT) as the technique which could reveal the most details also provides the biggest challenges [1]: A full penetration of large sized turbine blades is often only possible at high X-ray voltages causing disproportional high costs. A reduction of the X-ray voltage is able to reduce these arising costs but yields non penetration artifacts in the reconstructed CT image. In most instances, these artifacts manifests itself as blurred and smeared regions at concave edges due to a reduced signal to noise ratio. In order to complement the missing information and to increase the overall image quality of our reconstruction, we use further imaging modalities such as a 3-D Scanner and ultrasonic imaging. A 3-D scanner is easy and cost effective to implement and is able to acquire all relevant data simultaneously with the CT projections. If, however, the interior structure is of supplemental interest, an ultrasonic imaging method is additionally used. We consider this data as a priori knowledge to employ them in an iterative reconstruction. To do so, standard iterative reconstruction methods are modified to incorporate the a priori data in a regularization approach in combination with minimizing the total variation of our image. Applying this procedure on turbine blades, we are able to reduce the apparent artifacts almost completely.
Schrapp, Michael; Goldammer, Matthias; Stephan, J�rgen [Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich (Germany)
Double-Difference Tomography for Sequestration MVA
Analysis of synthetic data was performed to determine the most cost-effective tomographic monitoring system for a geologic carbon sequestration injection site. Double-difference tomographic inversion was performed on 125 synthetic data sets: five stages of CO2 plume growth, five seismic event regions, and five geophone arrays. Each resulting velocity model was compared quantitatively to its respective synthetic velocity model to determine an accuracy value. The results were examined to determine a relationship between cost and accuracy in monitoring, verification, and accounting applications using double-difference tomography. The geophone arrays with widely-varying geophone locations, both laterally and vertically, performed best. Additionally, double difference seismic tomography was performed using travel time data from a carbon sequestration site at the Aneth oil field in southeast Utah as part of a Department of Energy initiative on monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) of sequestered CO2. A total of 1,211 seismic events were recorded from a borehole array consisting of 22 geophones. Artificial velocity models were created to determine the ease with which different CO2 plume locations and sizes can be detected. Most likely because of the poor geophone arrangement, a low velocity zone in the Desert Creek reservoir can only be detected when regions of test site containing the highest ray path coverage are considered. MVA accuracy and precision may be improved through the use of a receiver array that provides more comprehensive ray path coverage.
Westman, Erik
Monitoring Cracking of a Smectitic Vertisol using Three-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Upon desiccation, the matrix of Vertisols and other expansive soils shrinks. Matrix shrinkage results in the formation of cracks that can alter the hydrology of the soil. Despite the importance of cracks, many hydrologic models do not account...
Ackerson, Jason Paul
Resistivity Tomography At Crump's Hot Springs Area (DOE GTP) | Open Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to: navigation, searchVirginia Blue Ridge AndREII JumpInformation toOpenAl., 1987)
Process Tomography: An Option for the Enhancement of Packed Vapor-Liquid Contactor Model Development
the spatial distribution of a material within a process vessel. It includes techniques that use radia- tion, such as capacitance, resistance, and induc- tance; and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). Many of these methods have been developed for, and used in, medical imaging and nondestructive testing. Existing
Eldridge, R. Bruce
Compact conscious animal positron emission tomography scanner
A method of serially transferring annihilation information in a compact positron emission tomography (PET) scanner includes generating a time signal for an event, generating an address signal representing a detecting channel, generating a detector channel signal including the time and address signals, and generating a composite signal including the channel signal and similarly generated signals. The composite signal includes events from detectors in a block and is serially output. An apparatus that serially transfers annihilation information from a block includes time signal generators for detectors in a block and an address and channel signal generator. The PET scanner includes a ring tomograph that mounts onto a portion of an animal, which includes opposing block pairs. Each of the blocks in a block pair includes a scintillator layer, detection array, front-end array, and a serial encoder. The serial encoder includes time signal generators and an address signal and channel signal generator.
Schyler, David J. (Bellport, NY); O'Connor, Paul (Bellport, NY); Woody, Craig (Setauket, NY); Junnarkar, Sachin Shrirang (Sound Beach, NY); Radeka, Veljko (Bellport, NY); Vaska, Paul (Sound Beach, NY); Pratte, Jean-Francois (Stony Brook, NY); Volkow, Nora (Chevy Chase, MD)
Ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging
A method for ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging, comprising the steps of: focusing a high energy particle beam, for example x-rays or gamma-rays, onto a target object; acquiring a 2-dimensional projection data set representative of the target object; generating a corrected projection data set by applying a deconvolution algorithm, having an experimentally determined a transfer function, to the 2-dimensional data set; storing the corrected projection data set; incrementally rotating the target object through an angle of approximately 180.degree., and after each the incremental rotation, repeating the radiating, acquiring, generating and storing steps; and, after the rotating step, applying a cone-beam algorithm, for example a modified tomographic reconstruction algorithm, to the corrected projection data sets to generate a 3-dimensional image. The size of the spot focus of the beam is reduced to not greater than approximately 1 micron, and even to not greater than approximately 0.5 microns.
Paulus, Michael J. (Knoxville, TN); Sari-Sarraf, Hamed (Knoxville, TN); Tobin, Jr., Kenneth William (Harriman, TN); Gleason, Shaun S. (Knoxville, TN); Thomas, Jr., Clarence E. (Knoxville, TN)
Measuring momentum for charged particle tomography
Methods, apparatus and systems for detecting charged particles and obtaining tomography of a volume by measuring charged particles including measuring the momentum of a charged particle passing through a charged particle detector. Sets of position sensitive detectors measure scattering of the charged particle. The position sensitive detectors having sufficient mass to cause the charged particle passing through the position sensitive detectors to scatter in the position sensitive detectors. A controller can be adapted and arranged to receive scattering measurements of the charged particle from the charged particle detector, determine at least one trajectory of the charged particle from the measured scattering; and determine at least one momentum measurement of the charged particle from the at least one trajectory. The charged particle can be a cosmic ray-produced charged particle, such as a cosmic ray-produced muon. The position sensitive detectors can be drift cells, such as gas-filled drift tubes.
Morris, Christopher (Los Alamos, NM); Fraser, Andrew Mcleod (Los Alamos, NM); Schultz, Larry Joe (Los Alamos, NM); Borozdin, Konstantin N. (Los Alamos, NM); Klimenko, Alexei Vasilievich (Maynard, MA); Sossong, Michael James (Los Alamos, NM); Blanpied, Gary (Lexington, SC)
Performance dependence of hybrid x-ray computed tomography/fluorescence molecular
Performance dependence of hybrid x-ray computed tomography/fluorescence molecular tomography imaging systems combining x-ray computed tomography (CT) and fluorescence tomography can im- prove Ntziachristos2 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave
Miller, Eric
Computed tomography of coals. Quarterly technical progress report No. 1, August 16, 1982-November 28, 1982
The purpose of this contract is to examine the utility and advantages of x-ray computed tomography (CT) for investigating the structure within coal and the changes that occur in these structures during such processes as combustion and gasification. The CT technique is noninvasive and nondestructive. It can produce interior views of the coal and, with a data acquisition time of ca 9 seconds, can be used for following many coal processes in real time. This is the first in-depth study of the application of the x-ray tomography technique to the problems in coal utilization, and consequently, considerable time will be spent in the early stages of this contract in examining CT pictures of coal and relating them to more conventional petrographic and mineral analyses. This phase of the work is being undertaken in Task 1 of the contract and is reported for this period. Building on this foundation, the succeeding tasks will follow changes in the coal structure during reaction. The first series of CT experiments is scheduled to take place on December 11-13, 1982, at the General Electric Company, Medical Systems Operation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 4 figures, 1 table.
Maylotte, D. H.; Kosky, P. G.; Spiro, C. L.; Lamby, E. J.
Elastography using optical coherence tomography : development and validation of a novel technique
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by an accumulation of lipid and fibrous tissue in the arterial wall. Postmortem studies have characterized rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques by the presence of ...
Chau, Alexandra H. (Alexandra Hung), 1980-
Embrittlement of RPV steels; An atom probe tomography perspective
Atom probe tomography has played a key role in the understanding of the embrittlement of neutron irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels through the atomic level characterization of the microstructure. Atom probe tomography has been used to demonstrate the importance of the post weld stress relief treatment in reducing the matrix copper content in high copper alloys, the formation of {approx}-nm-diameter copper-, nickel-, manganese- and silicon-enriched precipitates during neutron irradiation in copper containing RPV steels, and the coarsening of these precipitates during post irradiation heat treatments. Atom probe tomography has been used to detect {approx}2-nm-diameter nickel-, silicon- and manganese-enriched clusters in neutron irradiated low copper and copper free alloys. Atom probe tomography has also been used to quantify solute segregation to, and precipitation on, dislocations and grain boundaries.
Miller, Michael K [ORNL; Russell, Kaye F [ORNL
Scattered neutron tomography based on a neutron transport problem
scattering objects because it does not adequately account for the scattering component of the neutron beam intensity exiting the sample. We proposed a new method of computed tomography which employs an inverse problem analysis of both the transmitted...
Scipolo, Vittorio
Breast ultrasound tomography with total-variation regularization
Breast ultrasound tomography is a rapidly developing imaging modality that has the potential to impact breast cancer screening and diagnosis. A new ultrasound breast imaging device (CURE) with a ring array of transducers has been designed and built at Karmanos Cancer Institute, which acquires both reflection and transmission ultrasound signals. To extract the sound-speed information from the breast data acquired by CURE, we have developed an iterative sound-speed image reconstruction algorithm for breast ultrasound transmission tomography based on total-variation (TV) minimization. We investigate applicability of the TV tomography algorithm using in vivo ultrasound breast data from 61 patients, and compare the results with those obtained using the Tikhonov regularization method. We demonstrate that, compared to the Tikhonov regularization scheme, the TV regularization method significantly improves image quality, resulting in sound-speed tomography images with sharp (preserved) edges of abnormalities and few artifacts.
Huang, Lianjie [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Li, Cuiping [KARMANOS CANCER INSTIT.; Duric, Neb [KARMANOS CANCER INSTIT
Computational Inversion of Electron Tomography Images -Gradient Flows
Computational Inversion of Electron Tomography Images Using L2 -Gradient Flows Guoliang Xu 1) Ming Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2) Department of Computer Sciences and Institute
Texas at Austin, University of
X-ray Computed Tomography of coal: Final report
X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a method of mapping with x-rays the internal structures of coal. The technique normally produces 2-D images of the internal structures of an object. These images can be recast to create pseudo 3-D representations. CT of coal has been explored for a variety of different applications to coal and coal processing technology. In a comparison of CT data with conventional coal analyses and petrography, CT was found to offer a good indication of the total ash content of the coal. The spatial distribution of the coal mineral matter as seen with CT has been suggested as an indicator of coal washability. Studies of gas flow through coal using xenon gas as a tracer have shown the extremely complicated nature of the modes of penetration of gas through coal, with significant differences in the rates at which the gas can pass along and across the bedding planes of coal. In a special furnace designed to allow CT images to be taken while the coal was being heated, the pyrolysis and gasification of coal have been studied. Gasification rates with steam and CO/sub 2/ for a range of coal ranks have been obtained, and the location of the gasification reactions within the piece of coal can be seen. Coal drying and the progress of the pyrolysis wave into coal have been examined when the coal was subjected to the kind of sudden temperature jump that it might experience in fixed bed gasifier applications. CT has also been used to examine stable flow structures within model fluidized beds and the accessibility of lump coal to microbial desulfurization. 53 refs., 242 figs., 26 tabs.
Maylotte, D.H.; Spiro, C.L.; Kosky, P.G.; Lamby, E.J.
Assessor Training Assessment Techniques
NVLAP Assessor Training Assessment Techniques: Communication Skills and Conducting an Assessment listener ·Knowledgeable Assessor Training 2009: Assessment Techniques: Communication Skills & Conducting, truthful, sincere, discrete · Diplomatic · Decisive · Selfreliant Assessor Training 2009: Assessment
Corrosion-resistant metal surfaces
The present invention relates to metal surfaces having thereon an ultrathin (e.g., less than ten nanometer thickness) corrosion-resistant film, thereby rendering the metal surfaces corrosion-resistant. The corrosion-resistant film includes an at least partially crosslinked amido-functionalized silanol component in combination with rare-earth metal oxide nanoparticles. The invention also relates to methods for producing such corrosion-resistant films.
Sugama, Toshifumi (Wading River, NY)
Degenerate resistive switching and ultrahigh density storage in resistive memory
We show that in tantalum oxide resistive memories, activation power provides a multi-level variable for information storage that can be set and read separately from the resistance. These two state variables (resistance and activation power) can be precisely controlled in two steps: (1) the possible activation power states are selected by partially reducing resistance, then (2) a subsequent partial increase in resistance specifies the resistance state and the final activation power state. We show that these states can be precisely written and read electrically, making this approach potentially amenable for ultra-high density memories. We provide a theoretical explanation for information storage and retrieval from activation power and experimentally demonstrate information storage in a third dimension related to the change in activation power with resistance.
Lohn, Andrew J., E-mail: email@example.com; Mickel, Patrick R., E-mail: email@example.com; James, Conrad D.; Marinella, Matthew J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (United States)
Abrasion resistant heat pipe
A specially constructed heat pipe for use in fluidized bed combustors. Two distinct coatings are spray coated onto a heat pipe casing constructed of low thermal expansion metal, each coating serving a different purpose. The first coating forms aluminum oxide to prevent hydrogen permeation into the heat pipe casing, and the second coating contains stabilized zirconium oxide to provide abrasion resistance while not substantially affecting the heat transfer characteristics of the system.
Ernst, Donald M. (Leola, PA)
A specially constructed heat pipe is described for use in fluidized bed combustors. Two distinct coatings are spray coated onto a heat pipe casing constructed of low thermal expansion metal, each coating serving a different purpose. The first coating forms aluminum oxide to prevent hydrogen permeation into the heat pipe casing, and the second coating contains stabilized zirconium oxide to provide abrasion resistance while not substantially affecting the heat transfer characteristics of the system.
Ernst, D.M.
Corrosive resistant heat exchanger
A corrosive and errosive resistant heat exchanger which recovers heat from a contaminated heat stream. The heat exchanger utilizes a boundary layer of innocuous gas, which is continuously replenished, to protect the heat exchanger surface from the hot contaminated gas. The innocuous gas is conveyed through ducts or perforations in the heat exchanger wall. Heat from the heat stream is transferred by radiation to the heat exchanger wall. Heat is removed from the outer heat exchanger wall by a heat recovery medium.
Richlen, Scott L. (Annandale, VA)
A Detector for Proton Computed Tomography
Radiation therapy is a widely recognized treatment for cancer. Energetic protons have distinct features that set them apart from photons and make them desirable for cancer therapy as well as medical imaging. The clinical interest in heavy ion therapy is due to the fact that ions deposit almost all of their energy in a sharp peak � the Bragg peak- at the very end of their path. Proton beams can be used to precisely localize a tumor and deliver an exact dose to the tumor with small doses to the surrounding tissue. Proton computed tomography (pCT) provides direct information on the location on the target tumor, and avoids position uncertainty caused by treatment planning based on imaging with X-ray CT. The pCT project goal is to measure and reconstruct the proton relative stopping power distribution directly in situ. To ensure the full advantage of cancer treatment with 200 MeV proton beams, pCT must be realized.
Blazey, G.; et al.,
Portable Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography Manual
This user manual describes the function and use of the portable digital radiography and computed tomography (DRCT) scanner. The manual gives a general overview of x-ray imaging systems along with a description of the DRCT system. An inventory of the all the system components, organized by shipping container, is also included. In addition, detailed, step-by-step procedures are provided for all of the exercises necessary for a novice user to successfully collect digital radiographs and tomographic images of an object, including instructions on system assembly and detector calibration and system alignment. There is also a short section covering the limited system care and maintenance needs. Descriptions of the included software packages, the DRCT Digital Imager used for system operation, and the DRCT Image Processing Interface used for image viewing and tomographic data reconstruction are given in the appendixes. The appendixes also include a cheat sheet for more experienced users, a listing of known system problems and how to mitigate them, and an inventory check-off sheet suitable for copying and including with the machine for shipment purposes.
Internal resistance variances in lithium-ion batteries and implications in manufacturing
This thesis addresses issues in manufacturing that lead to cell DC internal resistance (DCIR) variance, provides an overview of generally accepted cell degradation mechanisms and modeling techniques associated with IR as ...
Gogoana, Radu
CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED HIGH RESISTIVITY CdTe GROWN BY A THM METHOD
185 CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED HIGH RESISTIVITY CdTe GROWN BY A THM METHOD R. STUCK, J. C. MULLER techniques of cadmium tellu- ride crystals (CdTe) allowed to obtain high resistivity crystals of detector shape of the phase diagram of CdTe, it seemed interesting to characterize these materials in order
Quantum tomography with wavelet transform in Banach space on Homogeneous space
The intimate connection between the Banach space wavelet reconstruction method on homogeneous spaces with both singular and nonsingular vacuum vectors, and some of well known quantum tomographies, such as: Moyal-representation for a spin, discrete phase space tomography, tomography of a free particle, Homodyne tomography, phase space tomography and SU(1,1) tomography is explained. Also both the atomic decomposition and banach frame nature of these quantum tomographic examples is explained in details. Finally the connection between the wavelet formalism on Banach space and Q-function is discussed.
M. A. Jafarizadeh; M. Mirzaee; M. Rezaee
Time-frequency quantum process tomography of parametric down-conversion
Parametric down-conversion (PDC) is the established standard for the practical generation of a multiplicity of quantum optical states. These include two-mode squeezed vacuum, heralded non-Gaussian states and entangled photon pairs. Detailed theoretical studies provide insight into the time-frequency (TF) structure of PDC, which are governed by the complex-valued joint spectral amplitude (JSA) function. However in experiments, the TF structure of PDC is mostly characterised by intensity measurementsthat forbid access to the important phase of the JSA. In this paper, we present an amplitude-sensitive quantum process tomography technique that combines methods from ultrafast optics and classical three-wave mixing. Our approach facilitates a direct and phase-sensitive time-frequency tomography of PDC with high spectral resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratio. This is important for all quantum optical applications, which rely on engineered parametric processes and base on minute knowledge of the quantum wave-function for the generation of tailored photonic quantum states.
Malte Avenhaus; Benjamin Brecht; Kaisa Laiho; Christine Silberhorn
3 1st Edition FTN4 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES November 1979O. INTRODUCTION 1. COt1PILER OPTIMIZATIONS 2. SOURCE CODEcode. Most of these optimizations decrease central processor
Authors, Various
Electrical impedance tomography spectroscopy method for characterising particles in solid-liquid phase
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is one of the process tomography techniques to provide an on-line non-invasive imaging for multiphase flow measurement. With EIT measurements, the images of impedance real part, impedance imaginary part, phase angle, and magnitude can be obtained. However, most of the applications of EIT in the process industries rely on the conductivity difference between two phases in fluids to obtain the concentration profiles. It is not common to use the imaginary part or phase angle due to the dominant change in conductivity or complication in the use of other impedance information. In a solid-liquid two phases system involving nano- or submicro-particles, characterisation of particles (e.g. particle size and concentration) have to rely on the measurement of impedance phase angle or imaginary part. Particles in a solution usually have an electrical double layer associated with their surfaces and can form an induced electrical dipole moment due to the polarization of the electrical double layer under the influence of an alternating electric field. Similar to EIT, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement can record the electrical impedance data, including impedance real part, imaginary part and phase angle (?), which are caused by the polarization of the electrical double layer. These impedance data are related to the particle characteristics e.g. particle size, particle and ionic concentrations in the aqueous medium, therefore EIS method provides a capability for characterising the particles in suspensions. Electrical impedance tomography based on EIS measurement or namely, electrical impedance tomography spectroscopy (EITS) could image the spatial distribution of particle characteristics. In this paper, a new method, including test set-up and data analysis, for characterisation of particles in suspensions are developed through the experimental approach. The experimental results on tomographic imaging of colloidal particles based on EIS measurement using a sensor of 8 electrodes are reported. Results have demonstrated the potential as well as revealed the challenge in the use of EIS and EITS for characterisation of particle in suspension.
Zhao, Yanlin [Department of Thermal Energy Engineering, College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249 (China); Wang, Mi [Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT (China); Yao, Jun [School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China)
Abrasion resistant composition
A surface covering composition of abrasion resistant character adapted for disposition in overlying bonded relation to a metal substrate. The surface covering composition includes metal carbide particles within a metal matrix at a packing factor of not less than about 0.6. Not less than about 40 percent by weight of the metal carbide particles are characterized by an effective diameter in the range of +14-32 mesh prior to introduction to the metal matrix. Not less than about 3 percent by weight of the metal carbide particles are characterized by an effective diameter of +60 mesh prior to introduction to the metal matrix.
Fischer, Keith D; Barnes, Christopher A; Henderson, Stephen L
Corrosion-resistant uranium
The present invention is directed to the protecting of uranium and uranium alloy articles from corrosion by providing the surfaces of the articles with a layer of an ion-plated metal selected from aluminum and zinc to a thickness of at least 60 microinches and then converting at least the outer surface of the ion-plated layer of aluminum or zinc to aluminum chromate or zinc chromate. This conversion of the aluminum or zinc to the chromate form considerably enhances the corrosion resistance of the ion plating so as to effectively protect the coated article from corrosion.
Hovis, V.M. Jr.; Pullen, W.C.; Kollie, T.G.; Bell, R.T.
Hovis, Jr., Victor M. (Kingston, TN); Pullen, William C. (Knoxville, TN); Kollie, Thomas G. (Oak Ridge, TN); Bell, Richard T. (Knoxville, TN)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -the Mid-Infrared atEffectquestionnairesU.S.Resistive-ideal transition of
Oxidation Resistant Graphite Studies
The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Graphite Research and Development Program is investigating doped nuclear graphite grades exhibiting oxidation resistance. During a oxygen ingress accident the oxidation rates of the high temperature graphite core region would be extremely high resulting in significant structural damage to the core. Reducing the oxidation rate of the graphite core material would reduce the structural effects and keep the core integrity intact during any air-ingress accident. Oxidation testing of graphite doped with oxidation resistant material is being conducted to determine the extent of oxidation rate reduction. Nuclear grade graphite doped with varying levels of Boron-Carbide (B4C) was oxidized in air at nominal 740�C at 10/90% (air/He) and 100% air. The oxidation rates of the boronated and unboronated graphite grade were compared. With increasing boron-carbide content (up to 6 vol%) the oxidation rate was observed to have a 20 fold reduction from unboronated graphite. Visual inspection and uniformity of oxidation across the surface of the specimens were conducted. Future work to determine the remaining mechanical strength as well as graphite grades with SiC doped material are discussed.
W. Windes; R. Smith
Resistive hydrogen sensing element
Systems and methods are described for providing a hydrogen sensing element with a more robust exposed metallization by application of a discontinuous or porous overlay to hold the metallization firmly on the substrate. An apparatus includes: a substantially inert, electrically-insulating substrate; a first Pd containing metallization deposited upon the substrate and completely covered by a substantially hydrogen-impermeable layer so as to form a reference resistor on the substrate; a second Pd containing metallization deposited upon the substrate and at least a partially accessible to a gas to be tested, so as to form a hydrogen-sensing resistor; a protective structure disposed upon at least a portion of the second Pd containing metallization and at least a portion of the substrate to improve the attachment of the second Pd containing metallization to the substrate while allowing the gas to contact said the second Pd containing metallization; and a resistance bridge circuit coupled to both the first and second Pd containing metallizations. The circuit determines the difference in electrical resistance between the first and second Pd containing metallizations. The hydrogen concentration in the gas may be determined. The systems and methods provide advantages because adhesion is improved without adversely effecting measurement speed or sensitivity.
Lauf, Robert J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Contamination Control Techniques
Welcome to a workshop on contamination Control techniques. This work shop is designed for about two hours. Attendee participation is encouraged during the workshop. We will address different topics within contamination control techniques; present processes, products and equipment used here at Hanford and then open the floor to you, the attendees for your input on the topics.
materials with high fracture toughness and elevated temperature resistance. Ideally, the ceramic side of the FGM provides thermal and corrosion resistance while the metallic side gives the necessary strengthA NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO GENERATE SHARP CRACKS IN METALLIC/CERAMIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS
Paulino, Glaucio H.
E-Print Network 3.0 - agent-enhanced computed tomography Sample...
computed tomography Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 CAT scan and RadonX-ray transform Relations with the Fourier transform. Dual Radon Summary: problems X-ray tomography...
E-Print Network 3.0 - advanced computed tomography Sample Search...
advanced computed tomography Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 CAT scan and RadonX-ray transform Relations with the Fourier transform. Dual Radon Summary: problems X-ray tomography...
Ultrasonic tomography for in-process measurements of temperature in a multi-phase medium
A method and apparatus are described for the in-process measurement of internal particulate temperature utilizing ultrasonic tomography techniques to determine the speed of sound through a specimen material. Ultrasonic pulses are transmitted through a material, which can be a multi-phase material, over known flight paths and the ultrasonic pulse transit times through all sectors of the specimen are measured to determine the speed of sound. The speed of sound being a function of temperature, it is possible to establish the correlation between speed of sound and temperature, throughout a cross-section of the material, which correlation is programmed into a computer to provide for a continuous in-process measurement of temperature throughout the specimen.
Beller, L.S.
A method and apparatus for the in-process measurement of internal particulate temperature utilizing ultrasonic tomography techniques to determine the speed of sound through a specimen material. Ultrasonic pulses are transmitted through a material, which can be a multi-phase material, over known flight paths and the ultrasonic pulse transit times through all sectors of the specimen are measured to determine the speed of sound. The speed of sound being a function of temperature, it is possible to establish the correlation between speed of sound and temperature, throughout a cross-section of the material, which correlation is programmed into a computer to provide for a continuous in-process measurement of temperature throughout the specimen.
Beller, Laurence S. (Idaho Falls, ID)
The electrical resistivity method in cased boreholes
The use of downhole current sources in resistivity mapping can greatly enhance the detection and delineation of subsurface features. The purpose of this work is to examine the resistivity method for current sources in wells cased with steel. The resistivity method in cased boreholes with downhole current sources is investigated using the integral equation (IE) technique. The casing and other bodies are characterized as conductivity inhomogeneities in a half-space. For sources located along the casing axis, an axially symmetric Green's function is used to formulate the surface potential and electric field (E-field) volume integral equations. The situations involving off-axis current sources and three-dimensional (3-D) bodies is formulated using the surface potential IE method. The solution of the 3-D Green's function is presented in cylindrical and Cartesian coordinate systems. The methods of moments is used to solve the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind for the response due to the casing and other bodies. The numerical analysis revealed that the current in the casing can be approximated by its vertical component except near the source and the axial symmetric approximation of the casing is valid even for the 3-D problem. The E-field volume IE method is an effective and efficient technique to simulate the response of the casing in a half-space, whereas the surface potential approach is computationally better when multiple bodies are involved. Analyzing several configurations of the current source indicated that the casing response is influenced by four characteristic factors: conduction length, current source depth,casing depth, and casing length. 85 refs., 133 figs., 11 tabs.
Schenkel, C.J.
Quantum Process Tomography by 2D Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Reconstruction of the dynamics (quantum process tomography) of the single-exciton manifold in energy transfer systems is proposed here on the basis of two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (2D-FS) with phase-modulation. The quantum-process-tomography protocol introduced here benefits from, e.g., the sensitivity enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio ascribed to 2D-FS. Although the isotropically averaged spectroscopic signals depend on the quantum yield parameter $\\Gamma$ of the doubly-excited-exciton manifold, it is shown that the reconstruction of the dynamics is insensitive to this parameter. Applications to foundational and applied problems, as well as further extensions, are discussed.
Leonardo A. Pachon; Andrew H. Marcus; Alan Aspuru-Guzik
Pachon, Leonardo A; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
Quantum Process Tomography via L1-norm Minimization
For an initially well designed but imperfect quantum information system, the process matrix is almost sparse in an appropriate basis. Existing theory and associated computational methods (L1-norm minimization) for reconstructing sparse signals establish conditions under which the sparse signal can be perfectly reconstructed from a very limited number of measurements (resources). Although a direct extension to quantum process tomography of the L1-norm minimization theory has not yet emerged, the numerical examples presented here, which apply L1-norm minimization to quantum process tomography, show a significant reduction in resources to achieve a desired estimation accuracy over existing methods.
Robert L. Kosut
Multi-Resolution Seismic Tomography Based on Recursive Tessellation Hierarchy
A 3-D global tomographic model that reconstructs velocity structure at multiple scales and incorporates laterally variable seismic discontinuities is currently being developed. The model parameterization is node-based where nodes are placed along vertices defined by triangular tessellations of a spheroidal surface. The triangular tessellation framework is hierarchical. Starting with a tetrahexahedron representing the whole globe (1st level of the hierarchy, 24 faces), they divide each triangle of the tessellation into daughter triangles. The collection of all daughter triangles comprises the 2nd level of the tessellation hierarchy and further recursion produces an arbitrary number of tessellation levels and arbitrarily fine node-spacing. They have developed an inversion procedure that takes advantage of the recursive properties of the tessellation hierarchies by progressively solving for shorter wavelength heterogeneities. In this procedure, we first perform the tomographic inversion using a tessellation level with coarse node spacing. They find that a coarse node spacing of approximately 8{sup o} is adequate to capture bulk regional properties. They then conduct the tomographic inversion on a 4{sup o} tessellation level using the residuals and inversion results from the 8{sup o} run. In practice they find that the progressive tomography approach is robust, providing an intrinsic regularization for inversion stability and avoids the issue of predefining resolution levels. Further, determining average regional properties with coarser tessellation levels enables long-wavelength heterogeneities to account for sparsely sampled regions (or regions of the mantle where longer wavelength patterns of heterogeneity suffice) while allowing shorter length-scale heterogeneities to emerge where necessary. They demonstrate the inversion approach with a set of synthetic test cases that mimic the complex nature of data arrangements (mixed-determined inversion) common to most tomographic problems. They also apply the progressive inversion approach with Pn waves traveling within the Middle East region and compare the results to simple tomographic inversions. As expected from synthetic testing, the progressive approach results in detailed structure where there is high data density and broader regional anomalies where seismic information is sparse. The ultimate goal is to use these methods to produce a seamless, multi-resolution global tomographic model with local model resolution determined by the constraints afforded by available data. They envisage this new technique as the general approach to be employed for future multi-resolution model development with complex arrangements of regional and teleseismic information.
Simmons, N A; Myers, S C; Ramirez, A
Quantitative electron holographic tomography for the 3D characterisation of semiconductor device structures
Quantitative electron holographic tomography for the 3D characterisation of semiconductor device tomography Silicon devices Device characterisation a b s t r a c t Electron tomography and electron rights reserved. 1. Introduction Dopant profiling of semiconductor devices using off-axis electron
Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
LimitedAngle Computed Tomography for Sandwich Structures using Data Fusion
1 LimitedAngle Computed Tomography for Sandwich Structures using Data Fusion Jeffrey E. Boyd and limitedangle computedtomography (CT) are illposed problems, but where conventional CT has a small null. #12; 2 1. INTRODUCTION This paper presents a novel method for limitedangle computed tomography (CT
Boyd, Jeffrey E.
Reduction of Metal Artifacts in Computed Tomographies for the Planning and Simulation of Radiation Therapy
tomographies (CT). Compared to simulated CT projection data, real measurements allowed less improvementsReduction of Metal Artifacts in Computed Tomographies for the Planning and Simulation of Radiation and numerical stability. 1. INTRODUCTION In radiation therapy, computed tomographies are used for patient
Zerfowski, Detlef
Three-dimensional imaging of copper pillars using x-ray tomography within a scanning electron microscope: A simulation study based on synchrotron data
While microelectronic devices are frequently characterized with surface-sensitive techniques having nanometer resolution, interconnections used in 3D integration require 3D imaging with high penetration depth and deep sub-micrometer spatial resolution. X-ray tomography is well adapted to this situation. In this context, the purpose of this study is to assess a versatile and turn-key tomographic system allowing for 3D x-ray nanotomography of copper pillars. The tomography tool uses the thin electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to provoke x-ray emission from specific metallic targets. Then, radiographs are recorded while the sample rotates in a conventional cone beam tomography scheme that ends up with 3D reconstructions of the pillar. Starting from copper pillars data, collected at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, we build a 3D numerical model of a copper pillar, paying particular attention to intermetallics. This model is then used to simulate physical radiographs of the pillar using the geometry of the SEM-hosted x-ray tomography system. Eventually, data are reconstructed and it is shown that the system makes it possible the quantification of 3D intermetallics volume in copper pillars. The paper also includes a prospective discussion about resolution issues.
Martin, N.; Bertheau, J.; Charbonnier, J.; Hugonnard, P.; Lorut, F. [ST Microelectronics, 850 Rue Jean Monnet, 38920 Crolles (France); Bleuet, P.; Tabary, J. [CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Laloum, D. [ST Microelectronics, 850 Rue Jean Monnet, 38920 Crolles (France); CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France)
Child Guidance Techniques.
TDOC Z TA24S.7 8873 NO.1314 Child Guidance Techniques The Texas MM University System ~ Texas Agricultural Extension Service DMia! C. Pfannstiel . Director College Station B-1314 ... 2 Contents Helpful Guidance T echniques...
Fraiser, Roberta C.
Corrosion resistant PEM fuel cell
A PEM fuel cell having electrical contact elements comprising a corrosion-susceptible substrate metal coated with an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant polymer containing a plurality of electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant filler particles. The substrate may have an oxidizable metal first layer (e.g., stainless steel) underlying the polymer coating.
Fronk, Matthew Howard (Honeoye Falls, NY); Borup, Rodney Lynn (East Rochester, NY); Hulett, Jay S. (Rochester, NY); Brady, Brian K. (North Chili, NY); Cunningham, Kevin M. (Romeo, MI)
Fronk, Matthew Howard (Honeoye Falls, NY); Borup, Rodney Lynn (East Rochester, NY); Hulett, Jay S. (Rochester, NY); Brady, Brian K. NY); Cunningham, Kevin M. (Romeo, MI)
Heat Transfer and Cooling Techniques at Low Temperature
The first part of this chapter gives an introduction to heat transfer and cooling techniques at low temperature. We review the fundamental laws of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) and give useful data specific to cryogenic conditions (thermal contact resistance, total emissivity of materials and heat transfer correlation in forced or boiling flow for example) used in the design of cooling systems. In the second part, we review the main cooling techniques at low temperature, with or without cryogen, from the simplest ones (bath cooling) to the ones involving the use of cryocoolers without forgetting the cooling flow techniques.
Baudouy, B
: (1) a homogeneous glassy phase; (2) a liquidliquid phase separated state; and (3) a crystallizedUSING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY TO EXAMINE THE SUBSURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE GLAZES M of their glazes. The images revealed unique phase assemblage modes in different samples. The results suggest
Barton, Jennifer K.
Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography
Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy David Merino and Chris Dainty Applied Optics Group, Department of Experimental Physics, National and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent at Canterbury
Dainty, Chris
Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography: reconstruction by synthetic aperture
-induced thermoacoustic tomography (LMTT) based on focused transducers. Two microwave sources, which had frequencies of 9 GHz and 3 GHz, respectively, were used in the experiments for comparison. The 3-GHz system had a much larger imaging depth but a lower signal...
Feng, Dazi
3D Tomography from Few Projections in Experimental Fluid Dynamics
3D Tomography from Few Projections in Experimental Fluid Dynamics Stefania Petra, Andreas Schr projections due to both limited optical access to wind and water tunnels and cost S. Petra, C. Schn projection data. The latter are the pixel entries in the recorded 2D images that represent the integration
Volumetric Reconstruction in the MicroCAT Tomography System
of projection data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.2 Illustration of Feldkamp filteredVolumetric Reconstruction in the MicroCAT Tomography System A Thesis Presented for the Master essential data and an intimate knowledge of the MicroCAT system. Dr. Sam Jordan of the University
Cates, Josh
Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography Using Deterministic Annealing
and non-medical applications, however, the measured projection data are photon limited and the imaging;1 INTRODUCTION Transmission tomography is perhaps most familiar in its medical guise as CT (computed tomogra- phy procedure. Because of the relatively high dose in conventional CT, the measured projection data contain
High-speed digitization readout of silicon photomultipliers for time of flight positron emission tomography
We report on work to develop a system with about 100 picoseconds (ps) time resolution for time of flight positron emission tomography [TOF-PET]. The chosen photo detectors for the study were Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM's). This study was based on extensive experience in studying timing properties of SiPM's. The readout of these devices used the commercial high speed digitizer DRS4. We applied different algorithms to get the best time resolution of 155 ps Guassian (sigma) for a LYSO crystal coupled to a SiPM. We consider the work as a first step in building a prototype TOF-PET module. The field of positron-emission-tomography (PET) has been rapidly developing. But there are significant limitations in how well current PET scanners can reconstruct images, related to how fast data can be acquired, how much volume they can image, and the spatial and temporal resolution of the generated photons. Typical modern scanners now include multiple rings of detectors, which can image a large volume of the patient. In this type of scanner, one can treat each ring as a separate detector and require coincidences only within the ring, or treat the entire region viewed by the scanner as a single 3 dimensional volume. This 3d technique has significantly better sensitivity since more photon pair trajectories are accepted. However, the scattering of photons within the volume of the patient, and the effect of random coincidences limits the technique. The advent of sub-nanosecond timing resolution detectors means that there is potentially much better rejection of scattered photon events and random coincidence events in the 3D technique. In addition, if the timing is good enough, then the origin of photons pairs can be determined better, resulting in improved spatial resolution - so called 'Time-of-Flight' PET, or TOF-PET. Currently a lot of activity has occurred in applications of SiPMs for TOF-PET. This is due to the devices very good time resolution, low profile, lack of high voltage needed, and their non-sensitivity to magnetic fields. While investigations into this technique have begun elsewhere, we feel that the extensive SiPM characterization and data acquisition expertise of Fermilab, and the historical in-depth research of PET imaging at University of Chicago will combine to make significant strides in this field. We also benefit by a working relationship with the SiPM producer STMicroelectronics (STM).
Ronzhin, A.; Los, S.; Martens, M.; Ramberg, E.; /Fermilab; Kim, H.; Chen, C.; Kao, C.; /Chicago U.; Niessen, K.; /SUNY, Buffalo; Zatserklyaniy, A.; /Puerto Rico U., Mayaguez; Mazzillo, M.; Carbone, B.; /SGS Thomson, Catania
Insights into the structure of the upper mantle beneath the Murray Basin from 3D teleseismic tomography
tomography studies have been carried out in western Victoria (Graeber et al. 2002) and northern Tasmania
Rawlinson, Nick
Stability of nanoclusters in 14YWT oxide dispersion strengthened steel under heavy ion-irradiation by atom probe tomography
14YWT oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel was irradiated with of 5 MeV Ni2+ ions, at 300 C, 450 C, and 600 C to a damage level of 100 dpa. The stability of Ti�Y�O nanoclusters was investigated by applying atom probe tomography (APT) in voltage mode, of the samples before and after irradiations. The average size and number density of the nanoclusters was determined using the maximum separation method. These techniques allowed for the imaging of nanoclusters to sizes well below the resolution limit of conventional transmission electron microscopy techniques. The most significant changes were observed for samples irradiated at 300 C where the size (average Guinier radius) and number density of nanoclusters were observed to decrease from 1.1 nm to 0.8 nm and 12 1023 to 3.6 1023, respectively. In this study, the nanoclusters are more stable at higher temperature.
Jianchao He; Farong Wan; Kumar Sridharan; Todd R. Allen; A. Certain; V. Shutthanandan; Y.Q. Wu
Computed tomography and optical remote sensing: Development for the study of indoor air pollutant transport and dispersion
This thesis investigates the mixing and dispersion of indoor air pollutants under a variety of conditions using standard experimental methods. It also extensively tests and improves a novel technique for measuring contaminant concentrations that has the potential for more rapid, non-intrusive measurements with higher spatial resolution than previously possible. Experiments conducted in a sealed room support the hypothesis that the mixing time of an instantaneously released tracer gas is inversely proportional to the cube root of the mechanical power transferred to the room air. One table-top and several room-scale experiments are performed to test the concept of employing optical remote sensing (ORS) and computed tomography (CT) to measure steady-state gas concentrations in a horizontal plane. Various remote sensing instruments, scanning geometries and reconstruction algorithms are employed. Reconstructed concentration distributions based on existing iterative CT techniques contain a high degree of unrealistic spatial variability and do not agree well with simultaneously gathered point-sample data.
Drescher, A.C.
Stability Of Nanoclusters In 14YWT Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel Under Heavy Ion-irradiation By Atom Probe Tomography
14YWT oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel was irradiated with of 5 MeV Ni2+ ions, at 300 �C, 450 �C, and 600 �C to a damage level of 100 dpa. The stability of Ti�Y�O nanoclusters was investigated by applying atom probe tomography (APT) in voltage mode, of the samples before and after irradiations. The average size and number density of the nanoclusters was determined using the maximum separation method. These techniques allowed for the imaging of nanoclusters to sizes well below the resolution limit of conventional transmission electron microscopy techniques. The most significant changes were observed for samples irradiated at 300 �C where the size (average Guinier radius) and number density of nanoclusters were observed to decrease from 1.1 nm to 0.8 nm and 12 � 1023 to 3.6 � 1023, respectively. In this study, the nanoclusters are more stable at higher temperature.
He, Jianchao; Wan, F.; Sridharan, Kumar; Allen, Todd R.; Certain, Alicia G.; Shutthanandan, V.; Wu, Yaqiao
Covered Product Category: Residential Electric Resistance Water...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Electric Resistance Water Heaters Covered Product Category: Residential Electric Resistance Water Heaters The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) sets Federal efficiency...
Galaxy Redshifts: Improved Techniques
This paper analyses the effects of random noise in determining errors and confidence levels for galaxy redshifts obtained by cross-correlation techniques. The main finding is that confidence levels have previously been overestimated, and errors inaccurately calculated in certain applications. New formul\\ae\\ are presented.
A. F. Heavens
Infrared Inspection Techniques
. By means of a TV monitor tube, a thermal picture is formed where lighter parts represent areas with higher temperatures. Absolute temperature levels of objects can be measured with this technique from -300C to +20000C. A conventional camera is attached...
Hill, A. B.; Bevers, D. V.
to the repair of hydraulic turbine runners and large pump impellers. Reclamation operates and maintains a wideFACILITIES INSTRUCTIONS, STANDARDS, & TECHNIQUES VOLUME 2-5 TURBINE REPAIR Internet Version variety of reaction and impulse turbines as well as axial flow, mixed flow, radial flow pumps and pump
Laughlin, Robert B.
Overlapping double etch technique for evaluation of metallic alloys to stress corrosion cracking
A double overlapping etch zone technique for evaluation of the resistance of metallic alloys to stress corrosion cracking. The technique involves evaluating the metallic alloy along the line of demarcation between an overlapping double etch zone and single etch zone formed on the metallic alloy surface.
Steeves, Arthur F. (Schenectady, NY); Stewart, James C. (Loudonville, NY)
A double overlapping etch zone technique for evaluation of the resistance of metallic alloys to stress corrosion cracking is described. The technique involves evaluating the metallic alloy along the line of demarcation between an overlapping double etch zone and single etch zone formed on the metallic alloy surface.
Reliability of lightning resistant overhead distribution lines
An assessment of the 32 year historical reliability of the 13.8 kV electrical distribution system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee has yielded several conclusions useful In the planning of Industrial power Systems. The system configuration at ORNL has essentially remained unchanged in the last 32 years which allows a meaningful comparison of reliability trends for the plant`s eight overhead distribution lines, two of which were built in the 1960`s with lightning resistant construction techniques. Meticulous records indicating the cause, duration, and location of 135 electric outages in the plant`s distribution system have allowed a reliability assessment to be performed. The assessment clearly shows how differences in voltage construction class, length, age, and maximum elevation above a reference elevation influence the reliability of overhead power distribution lines. Comparisons are also made between the ORNL historical data and predicted failure rates from ANSI and IEEE industry surveys.
Tolbert, L.M.; Cleveland, J.T.; Degenhardt, L.J.
Corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coatings
A method of forming a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising the steps of spray or deposition or sputtering or welding processing to form a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material. Also a corrosion resistant neutron absorbing coating comprising a composite material made of a spray or deposition or sputtering or welding material, and a neutron absorbing material.
Choi, Jor-Shan; Farmer, Joseph C; Lee, Chuck K; Walker, Jeffrey; Russell, Paige; Kirkwood, Jon; Yang, Nancy; Champagne, Victor
Choi, Jor-Shan (El Cerrito, CA); Farmer, Joseph C. (Tracy, CA); Lee, Chuck K. (Hayward, CA); Walker, Jeffrey (Gaithersburg, MD); Russell, Paige (Las Vegas, NV); Kirkwood, Jon (Saint Leonard, MD); Yang, Nancy (Lafayette, CA); Champagne, Victor (Oxford, PA)
Query Optimization Techniques Class Hierarchies
Query Optimization Techniques Exploiting Class Hierarchies Sophie Cluet 1 Guido Moerkotte 2 1 INRIA Since the introduction of object base management systems (OBMS), many query optimization techniques tailored for object query languages have been proposed. They adapt known optimization techniques
Mannheim, Universität
Quantum process tomography with coherent states
We develop an enhanced technique for characterizing quantum optical processes based on probing unknown quantum processes only with coherent states. Our method substantially improves the original proposal [M. Lobino et al., Science 322, 563 (2008)], which uses a filtered Glauber-Sudarshan decomposition to determine the effect of the process on an arbitrary state. We introduce a new relation between the action of a general quantum process on coherent state inputs and its action on an arbitrary quantum state. This relation eliminates the need to invoke the Glauber-Sudarshan representation for states; hence it dramatically simplifies the task of process identification and removes a potential source of error. The new relation also enables straightforward extensions of the method to multi-mode and non-trace-preserving processes. We illustrate our formalism with several examples, in which we derive analytic representations of several fundamental quantum optical processes in the Fock basis. In particular, we introduce photon-number cutoff as a reasonable physical resource limitation and address resource vs accuracy trade-off in practical applications. We show that the accuracy of process estimation scales inversely with the square root of photon-number cutoff.
Saleh Rahimi-Keshari; Artur Scherer; Ady Mann; Ali T. Rezakhani; A. I. Lvovsky; Barry C. Sanders
Data fusion in X-ray computed tomography using a superiorization approach
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important and widespread inspection technique in industrial non-destructive testing. However, large-sized and heavily absorbing objects cause artifacts due to either the lack of penetration of the specimen in specific directions or by having data from only a limited angular range of views. In such cases, valuable information about the specimen is not revealed by the CT measurements alone. Further imaging modalities, such as optical scanning and ultrasonic testing, are able to provide data (such as an edge map) that are complementary to the CT acquisition. In this paper, a superiorization approach (a newly developed method for constrained optimization) is used to incorporate the complementary data into the CT reconstruction; this allows precise localization of edges that are not resolvable from the CT data by itself. Superiorization, as presented in this paper, exploits the fact that the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), often used for CT reconstruction, is resilient to perturbations; i.e., it can be modified to produce an output that is as consistent with the CT measurements as the output of unmodified SART, but is more consistent with the complementary data. The application of this superiorized SART method to measured data of a turbine blade demonstrates a clear improvement in the quality of the reconstructed image.
Schrapp, Michael J. [Siemens AG, CT Munich, Germany and Physics Department E21, Technical University of Munich, Munich (Germany)] [Siemens AG, CT Munich, Germany and Physics Department E21, Technical University of Munich, Munich (Germany); Herman, Gabor T. [Department of Computer Science, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016 (United States)] [Department of Computer Science, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016 (United States)
Three-dimensional flow contrast imaging of deep tissue using noncontact diffuse correlation tomography
This study extended our recently developed noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flowmetry system into noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) for three-dimensional (3-D) flow imaging of deep tissue. A linear array of 15 photodetectors and two laser sources connected to a mobile lens-focusing system enabled automatic and noncontact scanning of flow in a region of interest. These boundary measurements were combined with a finite element framework for DCT image reconstruction implemented into an existing software package. This technique was tested in computer simulations and using a tissue-like phantom with anomaly flow contrast design. The cylindrical tube-shaped anomaly was clearly reconstructed in both simulation and phantom. Recovered and assigned flow contrast changes in anomaly were found to be highly correlated: regression slope?=?1.00, R{sup 2}?=?1.00, and p?10{sup ?5} in simulation and regression slope???0.97, R{sup 2}???0.96, and p?10{sup ?3} in phantom. These results exhibit promise of our ncDCT technique for 3-D imaging of deep tissue blood flow heterogeneities.
Lin, Yu; Huang, Chong; Irwin, Daniel; He, Lian; Shang, Yu; Yu, Guoqiang, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States)
Quantum tomography meets dynamical systems and bifurcations theory
A powerful tool for studying geometrical problems in Hilbert spaces is developed. We demonstrate the convergence and robustness of our method in every dimension by considering dynamical systems theory. This method provides numerical solutions to hard problems involving many coupled nonlinear equations in low and high dimensions (e.g., quantum tomography problem, existence and classification of Pauli partners, mutually unbiased bases, complex Hadamard matrices, equiangular tight frames, etc.). Additionally, this tool can be used to find analytical solutions and also to implicitly prove the existence of solutions. Here, we develop the theory for the quantum pure state tomography problem in finite dimensions but this approach is straightforwardly extended to the rest of the problems. We prove that solutions are always attractive fixed points of a nonlinear operator explicitly given. As an application, we show that the statistics collected from three random orthonormal bases is enough to reconstruct pure states from experimental (noisy) data in every dimension d ? 32.
Goyeneche, D., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departamento de Fis�ca, Universidad de Concepci�n, Casilla 160-C, Concepci�n, Chile and Center for Optics and Photonics, Universidad de Concepci�n, Casilla 4012, Concepci�n (Chile); Torre, A. C. de la [Departamento de F�sica, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, IFIMAR-CONICET, Dean Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata (Argentina)
Discussion - Next Step for Fukushima Daiichi Muon Tomography
Specification of Fukushima Daiichi Muon Tomography (FMT): (1) 18-feet (5.5-m) drift tube, 2-inch (5-cm) diameter; (2) 108 tubes per layer; (3) Unit layer = 2 layer (detection efficiency: 0.96 x 0.96 = 92%); (4) 12 or 16 layer per module; (5) 16 layers allows momentum analysis at 30% level; (6) 2 module per super module (5.5 x 11 m{sup 2}); and (7) FMT = 2 super module. By deploying MMT next to a research reactor, we will be able to measure the impact of low level radiation fields on muon tomography and reconstruction processes. Radiation level during reactor operation is {approx}50 {micro}Sv/h which provides similar radiation environment of inside the FMT radiation shield at Fukushima Daiichi. We will implement coincidence algorithm on the FPGA board.
Systematic errors in current quantum state tomography tools
Common tools for obtaining physical density matrices in experimental quantum state tomography are shown here to cause systematic errors. For example, using maximum likelihood or least squares optimization for state reconstruction, we observe a systematic underestimation of the fidelity and an overestimation of entanglement. A solution for this problem can be achieved by a linear evaluation of the data yielding reliable and computational simple bounds including error bars.
Christian Schwemmer; Lukas Knips; Daniel Richart; Tobias Moroder; Matthias Kleinmann; Otfried G�hne; Harald Weinfurter
Photoacoustic computed tomography in biological tissues: algorithms and breast imaging
are investigated in Chapter III and IV, respectively. Finally, a prototype of an RF-induced PA imaging system is introduced and experiments using phantom samples as well as a preliminary study of breast imaging for cancer detection are reported in Chapter V... PHOTOACOUSTIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES: ALGORITHMS AND BREAST IMAGING A Dissertation by MINGHUA XU Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements...
Xu, Minghua
?A cylindrical specimen holder for electron cryo-tomography
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.6 Characterisation of carbon nanopipettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.7 Discussion of the manufacturing process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4 Cryo-tomography 67 4.1 Specimen preparation I... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.7 Elemental maps and longitudinal EDX linescan of a carbon nanopipette 61 3.8 Transverse EDX linescan of a carbon nanopipette . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.1 Transmission electron micrograph of a blocked carbon nanopipette tip 68 4.2 A carbon...
Palmer, Colin Michael
Coral Extension Rate Analysis Using Computed Axial Tomography
CORAL EXTENSION RATE ANALYSIS USING COMPUTED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis by ELEANOR ANN YUDELMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Niall Slowey Committee Members, Deborah Thomas Benjamin Giese George P. Schmahl Head of Department, Deborah Thomas May 2014 Major Subject: Oceanography Copyright 2014 Eleanor Ann Yudelman ii ABSTRACT...
Yudelman, Eleanor Ann
Recent developments in guided wave travel time tomography
The concept of predictive maintenance using permanent sensors that monitor the integrity of an installation is an interesting addition to the current method of periodic inspections. Guided wave tomography had been developed to create a map of the wall thickness using the travel times of guided waves. It can be used for both monitoring and for inspection of pipe-segments that are difficult to access, for instance at the location of pipe-supports. An important outcome of the tomography is the minimum remaining wall thickness, as this is critical in the scheduling of a replacement of the pipe-segment. In order to improve the sizing accuracy we have improved the tomography scheme. A number of major improvements have been realized allowing to extend the application envelope to pipes with a larger wall thickness and to larger distances between the transducer rings. Simulation results indicate that the sizing accuracy has improved and that is now possible to have a spacing of 8 meter between the source-ring and the receiver-ring. Additionally a reduction of the number of sensors required might be possible as well.
Zon, Tim van; Volker, Arno [TNO, Stieltjesweg 1, P.O. box 155 2600 AD Delft (Netherlands)
Resin infiltration transfer technique
A process has been developed for fabricating composite structures using either reaction forming or polymer infiltration and pyrolysis techniques to densify the composite matrix. The matrix and reinforcement materials of choice can include, but are not limited to, silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconium carbide (ZrC). The novel process can be used to fabricate complex, net-shape or near-net shape, high-quality ceramic composites with a crack-free matrix.
Miller, David V. (Pittsburgh, PA); Baranwal, Rita (Glenshaw, PA)
Image compression technique
An image is compressed by identifying edge pixels of the image; creating a filled edge array of pixels each of the pixels in the filled edge array which corresponds to an edge pixel having a value equal to the value of a pixel of the image array selected in response to the edge pixel, and each of the pixels in the filled edge array which does not correspond to an edge pixel having a value which is a weighted average of the values of surrounding pixels in the filled edge array which do correspond to edge pixels; and subtracting the filled edge array from the image array to create a difference array. The edge file and the difference array are then separately compressed and transmitted or stored. The original image is later reconstructed by creating a preliminary array in response to the received edge file, and adding the preliminary array to the received difference array. Filling is accomplished by solving Laplace`s equation using a multi-grid technique. Contour and difference file coding techniques also are described. The techniques can be used in a method for processing a plurality of images by selecting a respective compression approach for each image, compressing each of the images according to the compression approach selected, and transmitting each of the images as compressed, in correspondence with an indication of the approach selected for the image. 16 figs.
Fu, C.Y.; Petrich, L.I.
Layered ultra-thin coherent structures used as electrical resistors having low temperature coefficient of resistivity
A thin film resistor having a controlled temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) ranging from negative to positive degrees kelvin and having relatively high resistivity. The resistor is a multilayer superlattice crystal containing a plurality of alternating, ultra-thin layers of two different metals. TCR is varied by controlling the thickness of the individual layers. The resistor can be readily prepared by methods compatible with thin film circuitry manufacturing techniques.
Werner, Thomas R. (Argonne, IL); Falco, Charles M. (Tucson, AZ); Schuller, Ivan K. (Woodridge, IL)
Oxidation resistant alloys, method for producing oxidation resistant alloys
A method for producing oxidation-resistant austenitic alloys for use at temperatures below 800 C. comprising of: providing an alloy comprising, by weight %: 14-18% chromium, 15-18% nickel, 1-3% manganese, 1-2% molybdenum, 2-4% silicon, 0% aluminum and the balance being iron; heating the alloy to 800 C. for between 175-250 hours prior to use in order to form a continuous silicon oxide film and another oxide film. The method provides a means of producing stainless steels with superior oxidation resistance at temperatures above 700 C. at a low cost
Dunning, John S.; Alman, David E.
Applied Science/Techniques
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to someone by E-mailRadioimmunotherapy ofevolvedApplied Science/Techniques
Effect of electron-phonon interaction on resistivity of some heavy fermion (HF) systems
Here, we have analyzed the electron-phonon interaction in the Periodic Anderson Model (PAM) to describe the temperature dependence of resistivity in some heavy fermion (HF) systems for finite wave vector (q) and for finite temperature (T). Since the resistivity is related to the imaginary part of the electron self energy, the expression for the same is evaluated through double time temperature dependant Green function technique of the Zubarev type. The effect of different system parameters namely the position of 4f level, E{sub 0} and the electron - phonon coupling strengths on resistivity have been studied. The results obtained give satisfactory explanations to the experimental observations.
Sahoo, J., E-mail: email@example.com [Assistant Director, Regional Office of Vocational Education, Sambalpur, Odisha-768004 (India); Shadangi, N. [Dept. of Physics, Silicon Institute of Technology, Sambalpur, Odisha-768200 (India); Nayak, P. [School of Physics, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha-768019 (India)
E-Print Network 3.0 - aids computed tomography Sample Search...
of Mathematics, Tufts University Collection: Mathematics 2 CAT scan and RadonX-ray transform Relations with the Fourier transform. Dual Radon Summary: problems X-ray tomography...
E-Print Network 3.0 - attenuated vector tomography Sample Search...
Kansas State University Collection: Mathematics 2 CAT scan and RadonX-ray transform Relations with the Fourier transform. Dual Radon Summary: Optical Tomography Novel...
Non-medical Uses of Computed Tomography (CT) and Nuclear Magnetic...
with Additional Information Additional information about the non-medical uses of nuclear imaging, computed tomography, and non-destructive testing is available in DOE...
E-Print Network 3.0 - abdominal computed tomography Sample Search...
aortic aneurysm (AAA) from computed tomography angiography (CTA) images. Output data (3-D model) form... angiography (DSA), computed ... Source: Loncaric, Sven - Faculty of...
Software-defined Radio Based Wireless Tomography: Experimental Demonstration and Verification
This letter presents an experimental demonstration of software-defined-radio-based wireless tomography using computer-hosted radio devices called Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). This experimental brief follows our vision and previous theoretical study of wireless tomography that combines wireless communication and RF tomography to provide a novel approach to remote sensing. Automatic data acquisition is performed inside an RF anechoic chamber. Semidefinite relaxation is used for phase retrieval, and the Born iterative method is utilized for imaging the target. Experimental results are presented, validating our vision of wireless tomography.
Bonior, Jason D [ORNL; Hu, Zhen [Tennessee Technological University; Guo, Terry N. [Tennessee Technological University; Qiu, Robert C. [Tennessee Technological University; Browning, James P. [United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; Wicks, Michael C. [University of Dayton Research Institute
Corrosion resistant metallic bipolar plate
A corrosion resistant, electrically conductive component such as a bipolar plate for a PEM fuel cell includes 20 55% Cr, balance base metal such as Ni, Fe, or Co, the component having thereon a substantially external, continuous layer of chromium nitride.
Brady, Michael P. (Oak Ridge, TN); Schneibel, Joachim H. (Knoxville, TN); Pint, Bruce A. (Knoxville, TN); Maziasz, Philip J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Remote Tomography Via von Neumann-Arthurs-Kelly Interaction
Teleportation usually involves entangled particles 1,2 shared by Alice and Bob, Bell-state measurement on particle 1 and system particle by Alice, classical communication to Bob, and unitary transformation by Bob on particle 2. We propose a novel method: interaction-based remote tomography. Alice arranges an entanglement generating von Neumann-Arthurs-Kelly interaction between the system and two apparatus particles, and then teleports the latter to Bob. Bob reconstructs the unknown initial state of the system not received by him by quadrature measurements on the apparatus particles .
S. M. Roy; Abhinav Deshpande; Nitica Sakharwade
Pulsed homodyne Gaussian quantum tomography with low detection efficiency
Pulsed homodyne quantum tomography usually requires a high detection efficiency limiting its applicability in quantum optics. Here, it is shown that the presence of low detection efficiency ($<50\\%$) does not prevent the tomographic reconstruction of quantum states of light, specifically, of Gaussian type. This result is obtained by applying the so-called "minimax" adaptive reconstruction of the Wigner function to pulsed homodyne detection. In particular, we prove, by both numerical and real experiments, that an effective discrimination of different Gaussian quantum states can be achieved. Our finding paves the way to a more extensive use of quantum tomographic methods, even in physical situations in which high detection efficiency is unattainable.
Martina Esposito; Fabio Benatti; Roberto Floreanini; Stefano Olivares; Francesco Randi; Kelvin Titimbo; Marco Pividori; Fabio Novelli; Federico Cilento; Fulvio Parmigiani; Daniele Fausti
Tomography increases key rates of quantum-key-distribution protocols
We construct a practically implementable classical processing for the BB84 protocol and the six-state protocol that fully utilizes the accurate channel estimation method, which is also known as the quantum tomography. Our proposed processing yields at least as high key rate as the standard processing by Shor and Preskill. We show two examples of quantum channels over which the key rate of our proposed processing is strictly higher than the standard processing. In the second example, the BB84 protocol with our proposed processing yields a positive key rate even though the so-called error rate is higher than the 25% limit.
Shun Watanabe; Ryutaroh Matsumoto; Tomohiko Uyematsu
Localization of Competing Metals (Ni, Co, and Zn) in Alyssum using micro-XRF and Tomography. (3564)
Localization of Competing Metals (Ni, Co, and Zn) in Alyssum using micro-XRF and Tomography. (3564 and observed metal localization in root and shoot tissue using synchrotron based micro-XRF and tomography
Sparks, Donald L.
Hydraulic conductivity imaging from 3-D transient hydraulic tomography at several pumping/observation densities
Hydraulic conductivity imaging from 3-D transient hydraulic tomography at several pumping August 2013; accepted 7 September 2013; published 13 November 2013. [1] 3-D Hydraulic tomography (3-D HT (primarily hydraulic conductivity, K) is estimated by joint inversion of head change data from multiple
Electrical impedance tomography and Calderon's Department of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Electrical impedance tomography and Calder´on's problem G Uhlmann Department of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. We survey mathematical developments in the inverse method of Electrical Impedance Tomography which consists
Uhlmann, Gunther
WIND TOMOGRAPHY IN BINARY SYSTEMS O.Knill, R.Dgani and M.Vogel
WIND TOMOGRAPHY IN BINARY SYSTEMS O.Knill, R.Dgani and M.Vogel ETH-Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland method is particularly suitable for determining the velocity laws of stellar winds. 1. WIND TOMOGRAPHY AND ABEL'S INTEGRAL Binary systems in which a compact, point-like radiation source shines through the wind
Knill, Oliver
High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Laser Ablation of Surgical Tissue1
High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Laser Ablation of Surgical Tissue1 Stephen A Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Submitted for publication September 17, 1998 Background. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a compact high-speed imaging technology which uses infrared light to acquire
Boppart, Stephen
Cloud tomography: Role of constraints and a new algorithm Dong Huang,1
Cloud tomography: Role of constraints and a new algorithm Dong Huang,1 Yangang Liu,1 and Warren 2008. [1] Retrieving spatial distributions of cloud liquid water content from limited-angle emission data (passive microwave cloud tomography) is ill-posed, and a small inaccuracy in the data and
Determining both sound speed and internal source in thermo- and photo-acoustic tomography
This paper concerns thermoacoustic tomography and photoacoustic tomography, two couple-physics imaging modalities that attempt to combine the high resolution of ultrasound and the high contrast capabilities of electromagnetic waves. We give sufficient conditions to recover both the sound speed of the medium being probed and the source.
Hongyu Liu; Gunther Uhlmann
STUDY OF TRANS-RECTAL NEAR-INFRARED DIFFUSE OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY CONCURRENT WITH TRANS of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2010 #12;ii STUDY OF TRANS-RECTAL NEAR-INFRARED supported by the project Trans-rectal Near-Infrared Optical Tomography for Prostate Imaging from DOD
Piao, Daqing
Using computerized tomography to determine ionospheric structures. Part 1, Notivation and basic approaches
Properties of the ionosphere are reviewed along with its correlations with other geophysical phenomena and with applications of ionospheric studies to communication, navigation, and surveillance systems. Computer tomography is identified as a method to determine the detailed, three-dimensional distribution of electron density within the ionosphere. Several tomography methods are described, with a basic approach illustrated by an example. Limitations are identified.
Vittitoe, C.N.
1996 InternationalConference on Parallel Processing PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF CONE BEAM TOMOGRAPHY
projections us- ing computed tomography (CT) is the noninvasive measure of structure from external as follows: A. Weight projection data B. Convolve weighted projection data Pe*(u,v) = P&L, U) * h(u) C1996 InternationalConference on Parallel Processing PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF CONE BEAM TOMOGRAPHY
Limited Angle Tomography of Sparse Images from Noisy Data using TLS MUSIC Algorithm
1 Limited Angle Tomography of Sparse Images from Noisy Data using TLS MUSIC Algorithm Andrew E The limited angle tomography problem is to recon- struct an image x(y, z) from its projections p(t, ) p-shaped region. This has applications to med- ical imaging and non-destructive evaluation where projection data
Yagle, Andrew E.
BRAIN TUMOR VASCULAR NETWORK SEGMENTATION FROM MICRO-TOMOGRAPHY Xavier Descombes1
BRAIN TUMOR VASCULAR NETWORK SEGMENTATION FROM MICRO-TOMOGRAPHY Xavier Descombes1 , Franck for the systematic 3D analysis of supra- cellular structures such as micro-vascular networks [1, 2]. Since, France ABSTRACT Micro-tomography produces high resolution images of bio- logical structures
Investigating the stratigraphy of an alluvial aquifer using crosswell seismic traveltime tomography
can be used in situations where surface seismic reflection has failed e.g., Liberty et al., 1999Investigating the stratigraphy of an alluvial aquifer using crosswell seismic traveltime tomography In this study, we investigate the use of crosswell P-wave seismic tomography to obtain spatially extensive
Aiming at obtaining detailed information on the surface environment of Earth analogs, Kawahara and Fujii proposed an inversion technique of annual scattered light curves named spin-orbit tomography (SOT), which enables us to sketch a two-dimensional albedo map from annual variation of the disk-integrated scattered light, and demonstrated the method with a planet in a face-on orbit. We extend it to be applicable to general geometric configurations, including low-obliquity planets like the Earth in inclined orbits. We simulate light curves of the Earth in an inclined orbit in three photometric bands (0.4-0.5 {mu}m, 0.6-0.7 {mu}m, and 0.8-0.9 {mu}m) and show that the distribution of clouds, snow, and continents is retrieved with the aid of the SOT. We also demonstrate the SOT by applying it to an upright Earth, a tidally locked Earth, and Earth analogs with ancient continental configurations. The inversion is model independent in the sense that we do not assume specific albedo models when mapping the surface, and hence applicable in principle to any kind of inhomogeneity. This method can potentially serve as a unique tool to investigate the exohabitats/exoclimes of Earth analogs.
Fujii, Yuka [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Kawahara, Hajime, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 (Japan)
Method of making sulfur-resistant composite metal membranes
The invention provides thin, hydrogen-permeable, sulfur-resistant membranes formed from palladium or palladium-alloy coatings on porous, ceramic or metal supports. Also disclosed are methods of making these membranes via sequential electroless plating techniques, wherein the method of making the membrane includes decomposing any organic ligands present on the substrate, reducing the palladium crystallites on the substrate to reduced palladium crystallites, depositing a film of palladium metal on the substrate and then depositing a second, gold film on the palladium film. These two metal films are then annealed at a temperature between about 200.degree. C. and about 1200.degree. C. to form a sulfur-resistant, composite PdAu alloy membrane.
Way, J. Douglas (Boulder, CO) [Boulder, CO; Lusk, Mark (Golden, CO) [Golden, CO; Thoen, Paul (Littleton, CO) [Littleton, CO
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites...
Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well Cement Composites Multifunctional Corrosion-resistant Foamed Well...
Simultaneous CT and SPECT tomography using CZT detectors
A method for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) comprises the steps of: injecting a subject with a tracer compound tagged with a .gamma.-ray emitting nuclide; directing an x-ray source toward the subject; rotating the x-ray source around the subject; emitting x-rays during the rotating step; rotating a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of the subject from the source; simultaneously detecting the position and energy of each pulsed x-ray and each emitted .gamma.-ray captured by the CZT detector; recording data for each position and each energy of each the captured x-ray and .gamma.-ray; and, creating CT and SPECT images from the recorded data. The transmitted energy levels of the x-rays lower are biased lower than energy levels of the .gamma.-rays. The x-ray source is operated in a continuous mode. The method can be implemented at ambient temperatures.
Paulus, Michael J. (Knoxville, TN); Sari-Sarraf, Hamed (Lubbock, TX); Simpson, Michael L. (Knoxville, TN); Britton, Jr., Charles L. (Alcoa, TN)
Reconstruction from a flexible number of projections in cone-beam computed tomography via active shape models
Reconstruction from a flexible number of projections in cone-beam computed tomography via active, and limited view computed tomography. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT a limited set of projections. Evaluations were performed using simulations with Shepp-Logan phantoms
2-D Coda and Direct Wave Attenuation Tomography in Northern Italy
A 1-D coda method was proposed by Mayeda et al. (2003) in order to obtain stable seismic source moment-rate spectra using narrowband coda envelope measurements. That study took advantage of the averaging nature of coda waves to derive stable amplitude measurements taking into account all propagation, site, and Sto-coda transfer function effects. Recently this methodology was applied to micro earthquake data sets from three sub-regions of northern Italy (i.e., western Alps, northern Apennines and eastern Alps). Since the study regions were small, ranging between local-to-near-regional distances, the simple 1-D path assumptions used in the coda method worked very well. The lateral complexity of this region would suggest, however, that a 2-D path correction might provide even better results if the datasets were combined, especially when paths traverse larger distances and complicated regions. The structural heterogeneity of northern Italy makes the region ideal to test the extent to which coda variance can be reduced further by using a 2-D Q tomography technique. The approach we use has been developed by Phillips et al. (2005) and is an extension of previous amplitude ratio techniques to remove source effects from the inversion. The method requires some assumptions such as isotropic source radiation which is generally true for coda waves. Our results are compared against direct Swave inversions for 1/Q and results from both share very similar attenuation features that coincide with known geologic structures. We compare our results with those derived from direct waves as well as some recent results from northern California obtained by Mayeda et al. (2005) which tested the same tomographic methodology applied in this study to invert for 1/Q. We find that 2-D coda path corrections for this region significantly improve upon the 1-D corrections, in contrast to California where only a marginal improvement was observed. We attribute this difference to stronger lateral variations in Q for northern Italy relative to California.
Morasca, P; Mayeda, K; Gok, R; Phillips, W S; Malagnini, L
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF FISH TAGGING PINS [Marine Biological Laboratoryj WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL A, Seaton, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suoraela, Commissioner CORROSION RESISTANCE were tagged with nickel and Type 304 stainless steel pins to compare the corrosion resistance
CORROSION-RESISTANT COATING FOR CARBONATE FUEL CELL COMPONENTS Prepared For: California Energy ANALYSIS REPORT (FAR) CORROSION RESISTANT COATING FOR CARBONATE FUEL CELL COMPONENTS EISG AWARDEE Chemat://www.energy.ca.gov/research/index.html. #12;Page 1 Corrosion Resistant Coating for Carbonate Fuel Cell Components EISG Grant # 00-05 Awardee
Metals and metallic alloys are unavoidable materials in everyday dental use for the making of fillings, cast cores and post systems, individual crowns, implantants � suprastructures, dentures and orthodontic devices. They still belong to the vital materials in dentistry. Applied alloys in a mouth are exposed to the influence of chemical, biological, mechanical, thermal and electrical forces which can have a negative impact on a very therapeutic work or surrounding tissue. Electrochemical corrosion is the most important damaging factor of dental works. The corrosive resistance of metal is its important characteristic during implantation into a mouth. Therefore precious alloys are the most suitable for dental use. However, due to economic reasons, nonprecious alloys are frequently used, while corrosive resistant precious metals have been used less frequently. Based on studying different literature, the purpose of this work was to give and overview of the existing dental metals and alloys in contexts with their anticorrosive characteristics.
Belma Muhamedagi?; Bosna I Hercegovina; Lejla Muhamedagi?; Bosna I Hercegovina
Student resistance to journal writing
58 60 61 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Taxonomy. Table 2: Responses to Question Two Table 3: Coding Scheme for Question Three. Table 4: Responses to Question Three Table 5: Responses to Question Four. Table 6: Responses to Question Five. Table 7... of eight content questions about students' attitudes toward and resistance to journal writing. The responses rendered specific details in the following five areas: 1. How many students keep journals without being required, and how students feel about...
Ingram, Gynger Lynne
Quantum resistance standard accuracy close to the zero-dissipation state
We report on a comparison of four GaAs/AlGaAs-based quantum resistance standards using an original technique adapted from the well-known Wheatstone bridge. This work shows that the quantized Hall resistance at Landau level filling factor ?=2 can be reproducible with a relative uncertainty of 32�10{sup ?12} in the dissipationless limit of the quantum Hall effect regime. In the presence of a very small dissipation characterized by a mean macroscopic longitudinal resistivity R{sub xx}(B) of a few ??, the discrepancy ?R{sub H}(B) between quantum Hall resistors measured on the Hall plateau at magnetic induction B turns out to follow the so-called resistivity rule R{sub xx}(B)=?B�d(?R{sub H}(B))/dB. While the dissipation increases with the measurement current value, the coefficient ? stays constant in the range investigated (40?120 ?A). This result enlightens the impact of the dissipation emergence in the two-dimensional electron gas on the Hall resistance quantization, which is of major interest for the resistance metrology. The quantum Hall effect is used to realize a universal resistance standard only linked to the electron charge e and the Planck constant h and it is known to play a central role in the upcoming revised Syst�me International of units. There are therefore fundamental and practical benefits in testing the reproducibility property of the quantum Hall effect with better and better accuracy.
Schopfer, F.; Poirier, W. [Laboratoire National de m�trologie et d'Essais (LNE), 29 avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes (France)] [Laboratoire National de m�trologie et d'Essais (LNE), 29 avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes (France)
Low Temperature Material Bonding Technique
A method of performing a lower temperature bonding technique to bond together two mating pieces of glass includes applying a sodium silicate aqueous solution between the two pieces.
Ramsey, J. Michael (Knoxville, TN); Foote, Robert S. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Low temperature material bonding technique
Iterative methods for dose reduction and image enhancement in tomography
A system and method for creating a three dimensional cross sectional image of an object by the reconstruction of its projections that have been iteratively refined through modification in object space and Fourier space is disclosed. The invention provides systems and methods for use with any tomographic imaging system that reconstructs an object from its projections. In one embodiment, the invention presents a method to eliminate interpolations present in conventional tomography. The method has been experimentally shown to provide higher resolution and improved image quality parameters over existing approaches. A primary benefit of the method is radiation dose reduction since the invention can produce an image of a desired quality with a fewer number projections than seen with conventional methods.
Miao, Jianwei; Fahimian, Benjamin Pooya
3D Jet Tomography of the Twisted Color Glass Condensate
Jet Tomography is proposed as a new test of Color Glass Condensate (CGC) initial conditions in non-central $A+A$ collisions. The $k_{T}$ factorized CGC formalism is used to calculate the rapidity twist in the reaction plane of both the bulk low $p_T 6$ GeV partons. Unlike conventional perturbative QCD, the initial high $p_{T}$ CGC gluons are shown to be twisted even further away from the beam axis than the the low $p_T$ bulk at high rapidities $|\\eta|>2$. Differential directed flow $v_{1}(p_{T}>6,|\\eta|>2)$ is proposed to test this novel high $p_T$ rapidity twist predicted by the CGC model.
A. Adil; M. Gyulassy; T. Hirano
Temporoparietal cortex in aphasia. Evidence from positron emission tomography
Forty-four aphasic patients were examined with (F18)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in a resting state to determine whether consistent glucose metabolic abnormalities were present. Ninety-seven percent of subjects showed metabolic abnormalities in the angular gyrus, 89% in the supramarginal gyrus, and 87% in the lateral and transverse superior temporal gyrus. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated between regional metabolic measures and performance on the Western Aphasia Battery. No significant correlations were found between the Western Aphasia Battery scores and right hemisphere metabolic measures. Most left hemisphere regions correlated with more than one score from the Western Aphasia Battery. Temporal but not frontal regions had significant correlations to the comprehension score. The left temporoparietal region was consistently affected in these subjects, suggesting that common features in the aphasias were caused by left temporoparietal dysfunction, while behavioral differences resulted from (1) the extent of temporoparietal changes, and (2) dysfunction elsewhere in the brain, particularly the left frontal and subcortical areas.
Metter, E.J.; Hanson, W.R.; Jackson, C.A.; Kempler, D.; van Lancker, D.; Mazziotta, J.C.; Phelps, M.E. (National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD (USA))
Thermal stability of curved ray tomography for corrosion monitoring
Guided wave tomography is being developed as an effective tool for continuous monitoring of corrosion and erosion depth in pipelines. A pair of transmit- and receive-ring arrays of ultrasonic transducers encircles the pipe and delimits the section to be monitored. In curved ray tomography (CRT), the depth profile is estimated from the time delay matrix, ??, whose ij-th entry is the phase traveltime difference between the current and baseline signals measured between transducers i and j of the transmit and receive-ring arrays, respectively. Under perfectly stable experimental conditions, the non-zero entries of ?? are only due to the occurrence of damage and provide a reliable input to CRT. However, during field operation, ?? can develop non-zero entries due to a number of environmental changes ranging from temperature variations to degradation of transducer-pipe coupling and transducer intrinsic performance. Here, we demonstrate that these sources of instability can be eliminated by exploiting the spatial diversity of array measurements in conjunction with EMAT transducer technology which is intrinsically stable owing to its non-contact nature. The study is based on a full-scale experiment performed on a schedule 40, 8� diameter, 3 m length steel pipe, monitored with two EMAT ring arrays. It is shown that for an irregularly shaped defect the proposed method yields maximum depth estimations that are as accurate as single point ultrasonic thickness gaging measurements and over a wide temperature range up to 175�C. The results indicate that advanced inversion schemes in combination with EMAT transduction offer great potential for continuously monitoring the progression of corrosion or erosion damage in the oil and gas industry.
Willey, C. L. [Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 (United States); Simonetti, F.; Nagy, P. B. [Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221,USA and Cincinnati NDE, Cincinnati, OH 45244 (United States); Instanes, G. [ClampOn AS, 5162 Laksevaag, Bergen, Norway and Cincinnati NDE, Cincinnati, OH 45244 (United States)
A metallography and x-ray tomography study of spall damage in ultrapure Al
We characterize spall damage in shock-recovered ultrapure Al with metallography and x-ray tomography. The measured damage profiles in ultrapure Al induced by planar impact at different shock strengths, can be described with a Gaussian function, and showed dependence on shock strengths. Optical metallography is reasonably accurate for damage profile measurements, and agrees within 10�25% with x-ray tomography. Full tomography analysis showed that void size distributions followed a power law with an exponent of ? = 1.5 � 2.0, which is likely due to void nucleation and growth, and the exponent is considerably smaller than the predictions from percolation models.
Qi, M. L. [School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); HPSynC@Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Bie, B. X. [School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences and Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207 (China); Zhao, F. P.; Fan, D.; Luo, S. N., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences and Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207 (China); Hu, C. M. [HPSynC@Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China); Ran, X. X. [School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 (China); Xiao, X. H. [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Yang, W. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [HPSynC@Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Li, P. [National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900 (China)
Thermal Shock-resistant Cement
We studied the effectiveness of sodium silicate-activated Class F fly ash in improving the thermal shock resistance and in extending the onset of hydration of Secar #80 refractory cement. When the dry mix cement, consisting of Secar #80, Class F fly ash, and sodium silicate, came in contact with water, NaOH derived from the dissolution of sodium silicate preferentially reacted with Class F fly ash, rather than the #80, to dissociate silicate anions from Class F fly ash. Then, these dissociated silicate ions delayed significantly the hydration of #80 possessing a rapid setting behavior. We undertook a multiple heating -water cooling quenching-cycle test to evaluate the cement�s resistance to thermal shock. In one cycle, we heated the 200 and #61616;C-autoclaved cement at 500 and #61616;C for 24 hours, and then the heated cement was rapidly immersed in water at 25 and #61616;C. This cycle was repeated five times. The phase composition of the autoclaved #80/Class F fly ash blend cements comprised four crystalline hydration products, boehmite, katoite, hydrogrossular, and hydroxysodalite, responsible for strengthening cement. After a test of 5-cycle heat-water quenching, we observed three crystalline phase-transformations in this autoclaved cement: boehmite and #61614; and #61543;-Al2O3, katoite and #61614; calcite, and hydroxysodalite and #61614; carbonated sodalite. Among those, the hydroxysodalite and #61614; carbonated sodalite transformation not only played a pivotal role in densifying the cementitious structure and in sustaining the original compressive strength developed after autoclaving, but also offered an improved resistance of the #80 cement to thermal shock. In contrast, autoclaved Class G well cement with and without Class F fly ash and quartz flour failed this cycle test, generating multiple cracks in the cement. The major reason for such impairment was the hydration of lime derived from the dehydroxylation of portlandite formed in the autoclaved cement, causing its volume to expand.
Sugama T.; Pyatina, T.; Gill, S.
Temperature Resistant Optimal Ratchet Transport
Stable periodic structures containing optimal ratchet transport, recently found in the parameter space dissipation versus ratchet parameter [PRL 106, 234101 (2011)], are shown to be resistant to reasonable temperatures, reinforcing the expectation that they are essential to explain the optimal ratchet transport in nature. Critical temperatures for their destruction, valid from the overdamping to close to the conservative limits, are obtained numerically and shown to be connected to the current efficiency, given here analytically. Results are demonstrated for a discrete ratchet model and generalized to the Langevin equation with an additional external oscillating force.
Cesar Manchein; Alan Celestino; Marcus W Beims
Attrition resistant fluidizable reforming catalyst
A method of preparing a steam reforming catalyst characterized by improved resistance to attrition loss when used for cracking, reforming, water gas shift and gasification reactions on feedstock in a fluidized bed reactor, comprising: fabricating the ceramic support particle, coating a ceramic support by adding an aqueous solution of a precursor salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Cr, Co, Mn, Mg, K, La and Fe and mixtures thereof to the ceramic support and calcining the coated ceramic in air to convert the metal salts to metal oxides.
Parent, Yves O. (Golden, CO); Magrini, Kim (Golden, CO); Landin, Steven M. (Conifer, CO); Ritland, Marcus A. (Palm Beach Shores, FL)
Enhanced radiation resistant fiber optics
A process for producing an optical fiber having enhanced radiation resistance is provided, the process including maintaining an optical fiber within a hydrogen-containing atmosphere for sufficient time to yield a hydrogen-permeated optical fiber having an elevated internal hydrogen concentration, and irradiating the hydrogen-permeated optical fiber at a time while the optical fiber has an elevated internal hydrogen concentration with a source of ionizing radiation. The radiation source is typically a cobalt-60 source and the fiber is pre-irradiated with a dose level up to about 1000 kilorads of radiation. 4 figures.
Lyons, P.B.; Looney, L.D.
Abrasion resistant track shoe grouser
A track shoe for a track-type vehicle. The track shoe includes a base plate and a grouser projecting away from the base plate. A capping surface structure of substantially horseshoe shaped cross-section is disposed across a distal portion of the grouser. The capping surface structure covers portions of a distal edge surface and adjacent lateral surfaces. The capping surface structure is formed from an material characterized by enhanced wear resistance relative to portions of the grouser underlying the capping surface structure.
Fischer, Keith D; Diekevers, Mark S; Afdahl, Curt D; Steiner, Kevin L; Barnes, Christopher A
A corrosive resistant heat exchanger
A corrosive and erosive resistant heat exchanger which recovers heat from a contaminated heat stream. The heat exchanger utilizes a boundary layer of innocuous gas, which is continuously replenished, to protect the heat exchanger surface from the hot contaminated gas. The innocuous gas is pumped through ducts or perforations in the heat exchanger wall. Heat from the heat stream is transferred by radiation to the heat exchanger wall. Heat is removed from the outer heat exchanger wall by a heat recovery medium. 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Richlen, S.L.
Roche tomography of cataclysmic variables -- II. Images of the secondary stars in AM Her, QQ Vul, IP Peg and HU Aqr
We present a set of Roche tomography reconstructions of the secondary stars in the cataclysmic variables AM Her, QQ Vul, IP Peg and HU Aqr. The image reconstructions show distinct asymmetries in the irradiation pattern for all four systems which can be attributed to shielding of the secondary star by the accretion stream/column in AM Her, QQ Vul and HU Aqr, and increased irradiation by the bright spot in IP Peg. We use the entropy landscape technique to derive accurate system parameters (M1, M2, i and gamma) for the four binaries. In principle, this technique should provide the most reliable mass determinations available, since the intensity distribution across the secondary star is known. We also find that the intensity distribution can systematically affect the value of gamma derived from circular orbit fits to radial velocity variations.
C. A. Watson; V. S. Dhillon; R. G. M. Rutten; A. D. Schwope
June 2007 FORENSIC TECHNIQUES FOR CELL PHONES FORENSIC TECHNIQUES FOR CELL PHONES Shirley Radack cell phones are widely used for both personal and professional applications, the technology of cell forensics usually do not cover cell phones, especially those with advanced capabilities. The digital
Layered ultra-thin coherent structures used as electrical resistors having low-temperature coefficient of resistivity
Werner, T.R.; Falco, C.M.; Schuller, I.K.
Development of a technique to screen for resistance to Cercospora sorghi in sorghum
leaf by leaf, after inoculation. ICT Nurser -Naturall Occurrin Inoculum The International Cercospora Test (ICT) was compiled by selecting accessions from various nurseries evaluated at agricultural experiment stations at Beeville and Berclair... test, or their ranking, was more meaningful than their particular scores in the different tests (Tables 10-16; see pages 39-45). ICT Nurser -Naturall Occurrin Inoculum The ICT nursery planted at Beeville, TX, during 1982 was exposed only...
Wall, George Clayton
A simple, reliable technique for making electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes
A simple, reliable technique for making electrical contact to multiwalled carbon nanotubes P. J. de nanotubes is described. With these contacts, current in the mA range can be routinely passed through individual multiwalled nanotubes without adverse consequences, thus allowing their resistance to be measured
Results of Tank-Leak Detection Demonstration Using Geophysical Techniques at the Hanford Mock Tank Site-Fiscal Year 2001
During July and August of 2001, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), hosted researchers from Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National laboratories, and a private contractor, HydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc., for deployment of the following five geophysical leak-detection technologies at the Hanford Site Mock Tank in a Tank Leak Detection Demonstration (TLDD): (1) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT); (2) Cross-Borehole Electromagnetic Induction (CEMI); (3) High-Resolution Resistivity (HRR); (4) Cross-Borehole Radar (XBR); and (5) Cross-Borehole Seismic Tomography (XBS). Under a ''Tri-party Agreement'' with Federal and state regulators, the U.S. Department of Energy will remove wastes from single-shell tanks (SSTs) and other miscellaneous underground tanks for storage in the double-shell tank system. Waste retrieval methods are being considered that use very little, if any, liquid to dislodge, mobilize, and remove the wastes. As additional assurance of protection of the vadose zone beneath the SSTs, tank wastes and tank conditions may be aggressively monitored during retrieval operations by methods that are deployed outside the SSTs in the vadose zone.
Barnett, D BRENT.; Gee, Glendon W.; Sweeney, Mark D.
Development of wear resistant ceramic coatings for diesel engine components
Improved fuel economy and a reduction of emissions can be achieved by insulation of the combustion chamber components to reduce heat rejection. However, insulating the combustion chamber components will also increase the operating temperature of the piston ring/cylinder liner interface from approximately 150{degree}C to over 300{degree}C. Existing ring/liner materials can not withstand these higher operating temperatures and for this reason, new materials need to be developed for this critical tribological interface. The overall goal of this program is the development of piston ring/cylinder liner material pairs which would be able to provide the required friction and wear properties at these more severe operating conditions. More specifically, this program first selected, and then evaluated, potential d/wear resistant coatings which could be applied to either piston rings an or cylinder liners and provide, at 350{degree}C under lubricated conditions, coefficients of friction below 0.1 and wear rates of less than 25 {times} lO{sup {minus}6} mm/hour. The processes selected for applying the candidate wear resistant coatings to piston rings and/or cylinder liners were plasma spraying, chemical vapor, physical vapor and low temperature arc vapor deposition techniques as well as enameling techniques.
Haselkorn, M.H. (Caterpillar, Inc., Peoria, IL (United States))
The Potential Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Evaluation of Vulnerable Carotid Atheromatous Plaques: A Pilot Study
Purpose. The decision to intervene surgically in patients with carotid artery disease is based on the presence of symptoms, along with the severity of carotid artery stenosis as assessed by ultrasound or X-ray computed tomography (CT). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new imaging technique that offers potential in the identification of, as well as the distinction between, stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether OCT can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to reveal the morphology of carotid stenosis from the adventitial surface of the carotid artery. To achieve this aim, excised atheromatous plaques were scanned by OCT from the external surface. Methods. Plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy were scanned by OCT from the external surface within 72 hr of surgery and then examined histologically. The images of the histologic slides and the scans were then compared. Results. We examined 10 carotid endarterectomy specimens and were able to identify calcification, cholesterol crystal clefts, and lipid deposits in the OCT images with histologic correlation. The strong light scattering from the calcified tissue and cholesterol crystal clefts limited the depth of light penetration, making observation of the intimal surface and the detail of the fibrous cap difficult. However, we were able to confidently identify the absence of an atherosclerotic plaque by OCT scans even from the external surface. Conclusion. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that OCT can reveal the main features of carotid stenosis but that plaque vulnerability cannot be reliably and precisely assessed if scanned from the external surface with OCT in its present form.
Prabhudesai, Vikramaditya [St. Joseph's Hospital, Diagnostic Imaging (Canada); Phelan, Cordelia [University Hospital of North Staffordshire, NHS Trust, Department of Pathology (United Kingdom); Yang, Ying [Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University (United Kingdom)], E-mail: email@example.com; Wang, Ruikang K. [Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering (United States); Cowling, Mark G. [University Hospital of North Staffordshire, NHS Trust, Department of Radiology (United Kingdom)
Computed tomography in congenital hip dislocation. The role of acetabular anteversion
Computed tomography usually can provide accurate documentation of the adequacy of a reduction in congenital dislocation of the hip. It should supplement other radiographic examinations when the status of a reduction is in question because the patient is wearing a plaster cast. The computed tomography scan provides a clear image of the reduction in the transverse plane, so that anterior or posterior subluxation of the femoral head can be easily detected. In addition it allows direct measurement of acetabular anteversion which previously had not been possible with non-invasive studies in the living patient. Radiation exposure is less than that for conventional tomography. We used computed tomography in five patients with congenital dislocation of the hip and our study provided new evidence concerning the role of acetabular anteversion in this condition. Acetabular anteversion was increased on the dislocated side in each patient, and returned to normal as treatment progressed.
Browning, W.H.; Rosenkrantz, H.; Tarquinio, T.
Imaging the Soultz Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir using double-difference tomography and microseismic data
We applied the double-difference tomography method to image the P and S-wave velocity structure of the European Hot Dry Rock geothermal reservoir (also known as the Soultz Enhanced Geothermal System) at Soultz-sous-Forets, ...
Pi�eros Concha, Diego Alvaro
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography for clinical studies in the gastrointestinal tract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) performs micrometer-scale, cross-sectional and three dimensional imaging by measuring the echo time delay of backscattered light. OCT imaging is performed using low-coherence interferometry. ...
Tsai, Tsung-Han, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
High-resolution three-dimensional optical coherence tomography imaging of kidney microanatomy ex vivo
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging medical imaging technology that enables high-resolution, noninvasive, cross-sectional imaging of microstructure in biological tissues in situ and in real time. When combined ...
Chen, Yu
Method for Quantitative Study of Airway Functional Microanatomy Using Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography
We demonstrate the use of a high resolution form of optical coherence tomography, termed micro-OCT (?OCT), for investigating the functional microanatomy of airway epithelia. ?OCT captures several key parameters governing ...
Diephuis, Bradford J.
P- and S- wave tomography of the crust and uppermost mantle in China and surrounding areas
This thesis involves inverting the seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in China from the P- and S-wave travel-time tomography. The main contributions of this research are: 1) introducing the adaptive moving ...
Sun, Youshun, 1970-
One-step continuous synthesis of biocompatible gold nanorods for optical coherence tomography
We present a novel one-step flow process to synthesize biocompatible gold nanorods with tunable absorption and biocompatible surface ligands. Photothermal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of human breast tissue is ...
Sebasti�n, V�ctor
Pulmonary Hypertension and Computed Tomography Measurement of Small Pulmonary Vessels in
Pulmonary Hypertension and Computed Tomography Measurement of Small Pulmonary Vessels in Severe alteration of small pulmonary vessels is one of the characteristic features of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstruc- tive pulmonary disease. The in vivo relationship between pulmonary hypertension
Review paper Seismic interferometry and ambient noise tomography in the British Isles
Review paper Seismic interferometry and ambient noise tomography in the British Isles Heather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2. Theory and method of seismic interferometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.2. Seismic interferometry across the Scottish Highlands
Atherosclerotic tissue characterization in vivo by optical coherence tomography attenuation imaging
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is rapidly becoming the method of choice for assessing arterial wall pathology in vivo. Atherosclerotic plaques can be diagnosed with high accuracy, including measurement of the thickness ...
Tearney, Guillermo J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - axial tomography suggestive Sample Search...
One aspect of the tomography assessment problem is to identify areas where the data suggest... into New Axial Volcano Magma Chamber Model, 100102-093005; 163,658; 2...
Diffraction and coherence in breast ultrasound tomography: a study with a toroidal array
Ultrasound is commonly used as an adjunct to mammography for diagnostic evaluation of suspicions arising from breast cancer screening. As an alternative to conventional sonography that uses hand-held transducers, toroidal array probes that encircle the breast immersed in a water bath have been investigated for ultrasound tomography. In this paper, two sets of experiments performed with a prototype ultrasound scanner on a phantom and a human breast in vivo are used to investigate the effects of diffraction and coherence in ultrasound tomography. Reconstructions obtained with transmission diffraction tomography (TDT) are compared with conventional reflection imaging and computerized ultrasound tomography showing a substantial improvement. The in vivo tests demonstrate that TDT can image the complex boundary of a cancer mass and suggest that it can reveal the anatomy of milk ducts and Cooper's ligaments.
Huang, Lianjie [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Simonetti, Francesco [IMPERIAL COLL.; Duric, Neb [KCI; Littrup, Peter [KCI
Optical coherence tomography based on intensity correlations of quasi-thermal light
We show theoretically that the longitudinal resolution of conventional optical coherence tomography can be improved by a factor of radic2 when a two-photon (as opposed to a single-photon) sensitive detector is used, and ...
Zerom, Petros
Progress toward scalable tomography of quantum maps using twirling-based methods and information hierarchies
We present in a unified manner the existing methods for scalable partial quantum process tomography. We focus on two main approaches: the one presented in Bendersky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 190403 (2008)] and the ones ...
Lopez, Cecilia Carolina
Review : integration of EMI technique with global vibration technique
In the last decade, the development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been skyrocketing because of the serious consequences that come with structural failure. Traditional damage detection techniques, also known as ...
Ni, Suteng
Clothes That Care -- Flame Resistant Protection.
.. 8-1272 othes That Care- Flame Resistant Protection" TOoe ZTA245.7 8873 NQ.'2'T2 Texas Agricultural Extension Service . The Texas A&M University System Daniel C. Pfannstiel, Director, College Station, Texas , ? Clothes That Care- Flame... Resistant Protection Claudia Kerbel * Concern for a safer environment has led to changes in many of the everyday products we use , including clothing . In the' past dec ade, flame-resistant (FR) garments and fabrics have become more available than ever...
Kerbel, Claudia
Electrical resistivity investigations over limestone caverns
necessary to supplement the geo- electrical measurements with geologicsl structural information in orqer to carry out useful analyses, but the resistivi ty data did con- tr&bute significantly to the fine I interpretation. A new approach. to resistivity..., ) radial distance from electrode or image (m) radius of cavity (m) mutual resistance given by V/I (ohms) electric resistance between opposite faces of test specimen (ohms) current source and sink terms (volt. m/2'n ) electric potential (volts...
Porter, Charles Osgood
Investigation of the Feasibility of Utilizing Gamma Emission Computed Tomography in Evaluating Fission Product Migration in Irradiated TRISO Fuel Experiments
In the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) the TRISO particle fuel serves as the primary fission product containment. However the large number of TRISO particles present in proposed HTGRs dictates that there will be a small fraction (~10-4 to 10-5) of as manufactured and in-pile particle failures that will lead to some fission product release. The matrix material surrounding the TRISO particles in fuel compacts and the structural graphite holding the TRISO particles in place can also serve as sinks for containing any released fission products. However data on the migration of solid fission products through these materials is lacking. One of the primary goals of the AGR-3/4 experiment is to study fission product migration from failed TRISO particles in prototypic HTGR components such as structural graphite and compact matrix material. In this work, the potential for a Gamma Emission Computed Tomography (GECT) technique to non-destructively examine the fission product distribution in AGR-3/4 components and other irradiation experiments is explored. Specifically, the feasibility of using the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Hot Fuels Examination Facility (HFEF) Precision Gamma Scanner (PGS) system for this GECT application is considered. To test the feasibility, the response of the PGS system to idealized fission product distributions has been simulated using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations. Previous work that applied similar techniques during the AGR-1 experiment will also be discussed as well as planned uses for the GECT technique during the post irradiation examination of the AGR-2 experiment. The GECT technique has also been applied to other irradiated nuclear fuel systems that were currently available in the HFEF hot cell including oxide fuel pins, metallic fuel pins, and monolithic plate fuel.
Jason M. Harp; Paul A. Demkowicz
Schlumberger Resistivity Soundings At Chena Geothermal Area ...
Schlumberger Resistivity Soundings Activity Date 1979 - 1980 Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Geophysical studies through the University of Alaska...
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Multidrug Resistance Among Persons
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Multidrug Resistance Among Persons With Tuberculosis in California, 1994- tinuestohaveasubstantialpublichealth impact, leading in 2003 to 233 deaths and more than 132 cases diagnosed among children younger
Marathe, Achla
Experimental Investigation of Material Flows Within FSWs Using 3D Tomography
There exists significant prior work using tracers or pre-placed hardened markers within friction stir welding (FSWing) to experimentally explore material flow within the FSW process. Our experiments replaced markers with a thin sheet of copper foil placed between the 6061 aluminum lap and butt joints that were then welded. The absorption characteristics of x-rays for copper and aluminum are significantly different allowing for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as x-ray computed tomography (CT) to be used to demonstrate the material movement within the weldment on a much larger scale than previously shown. 3D CT reconstruction of the copper components of the weldment allows for a unique view into the final turbulent state of the welding process as process parameters are varied. The x-ray CT data of a section of the weld region was collected using a cone-beam x-ray imaging system developed at the INL. Six-hundred projections were collected over 360-degrees using a 160-kVp Bremsstrahlung x-ray generator (25-micrometer focal spot) and amorphoussilicon x-ray detector. The region of the object that was imaged was about 3cm tall and 1.5cm x 1cm in cross section, and was imaged at a magnification of about 3.6x. The data were reconstructed on a 0.5x0.5x0.5 mm3 voxel grid. After reconstruction, the aluminum and copper could be easily discriminated using a gray level threshold allowing visualization of the copper components. Fractal analysis of the tomographic reconstructed material topology is investigated as a means to quantify macro level material flow based on process parameters. The results of multi-pass FSWs show increased refinement of the copper trace material. Implications of these techniques for quantifying process flow are discussed.
Charles R. Tolle; Timothy A. White; Karen S. Miller; Denis E. Clark; Herschel B. Smartt
Comparison of electrical capacitance tomography and gamma densitometer measurement in viscous oil-gas flows
Multiphase flow is a common occurrence in industries such as nuclear, process, oil and gas, food and chemical. A prior knowledge of its features and characteristics is essential in the design, control and management of such processes due to its complex nature. Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) and Gamma Densitometer (Gamma) are two promising approaches for multiphase visualization and characterization in process industries. In two phase oil and gas flow, ECT and Gamma are used in multiphase flow monitoring techniques due to their inherent simplicity, robustness, and an ability to withstand wide range of operational temperatures and pressures. High viscous oil (viscosity > 100 cP) is of interest because of its huge reserves, technological advances in its production and unlike conventional oil (oil viscosity < 100 cP) and gas flows where ECT and Gamma have been previously used, high viscous oil and gas flows comes with certain associated concerns which include; increased entrainment of gas bubbles dispersed in oil, shorter and more frequent slugs as well as oil film coatings on the walls of flowing conduits. This study aims to determine the suitability of both devices in the visualization and characterization of high-viscous oil and gas flow. Static tests are performed with both devices and liquid holdup measurements are obtained. Dynamic experiments were also conducted in a 1 and 3 inch facility at Cranfield University with a range of nominal viscosities (1000, 3000 and 7500 cP). Plug, slug and wavy annular flow patterns were identified by means of Probability Mass Function and time series analysis of the data acquired from Gamma and ECT devices with high speed camera used to validate the results. Measured Liquid holdups for both devices were also compared.
Archibong Eso, A.; Zhao, Yabin; Yeung, Hoi [Department of Offshore Process and Energy Systems Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield (United Kingdom)
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT Evaluating Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
. 103(1): 147Ð157 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EC09156 ABSTRACT Resistance management is essential susceptible (refuge) plants in either a separate section of the �?eld adjacent to resistant (transgenic) plants
Ginzel, Matthew
Enhanced Resistance to Control Potato Tuberworm by Combining Engineered Resistance, Avidin, and Natural
Enhanced Resistance to Control Potato Tuberworm by Combining Engineered Resistance, Avidin & Edward J. Grafius Published online: 15 November 2008 # Potato Association of America 2008 Abstract Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a destructive insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum (L
Douches, David S.
High impact resistant ceramic composite
A ceramic material and a method of forming a ceramic material which possesses a high impact resistance are disclosed. The material comprises: (a) a first continuous phase of [beta]-SiC; and (b) a second phase of about 25-40 vol % TiB[sub 2]. Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] is preferably used as a densification aid. The material is formed by hot-pressing the mixture at a temperature from greater than about 1800 C to less than the transition temperature of [beta]-SiC to [alpha]-SiC. The hot-pressing is performed at a pressure of about 2000 psi to about 4000 psi in an inert atmosphere for several hours and results in the formation of a two phase sintered ceramic composite material. 6 figures.
Derkacy, J.A.
Automatic insulation resistance testing apparatus
An apparatus and method for automatic measurement of insulation resistances of a multi-conductor cable. In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprises a power supply source, an input measuring means, an output measuring means, a plurality of input relay controlled contacts, a plurality of output relay controlled contacts, a relay controller and a computer. In another embodiment of the invention the apparatus comprises a power supply source, an input measuring means, an output measuring means, an input switching unit, an output switching unit and a control unit/data logger. Embodiments of the apparatus of the invention may also incorporate cable fire testing means. The apparatus and methods of the present invention use either voltage or current for input and output measured variables.
Wyant, Francis J.; Nowlen, Steven P.; Luker, Spencer M.
Experimental techniques and measurement accuracies
A brief description of the experimental tools available for fusion neutronics experiments is given. Attention is paid to error estimates mainly for the measurement of tritium breeding ratio in simulated blankets using various techniques.
Bennett, E.F.; Yule, T.J.; DiIorio, G.; Nakamura, T.; Maekawa, H.
A survey of anthracnose resistant sorghum germplasm lines to identify additional resistance genes
and their inheritance characterized. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine if different sources of genetic resistance exist among a selected set of 13 resistant sorghum germplasm lines, and (2) to determine the inheritance of the different resistance genes...
Wiltse, Curtis Craig
Optical fiber technique as a tool to improve combustion efficiency
A multi-optical fiber technique is presented, which enables one to detect the flame propagation during non-knocking and knocking conditions in real production engines. The measurement technique is appropriate to detect knock onset locations and to describe the propagation of knocking reaction fronts. With this knowledge, the combustion chamber shape can be optimized, leading to a better knock resistance and higher combustion efficiencies. Results of flame propagation under non-knocking and knocking engine operating conditions are presented. In addition, correlations between knock onset locations and areas in which knock damage occurs are shown for different engines. Presented are the effects of combustion chamber modifications on the combustion efficiency, based on the analysis of the optical fiber measurements.
Spicher, U.; Krebs, R.
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography for biomedical applications
three signal-detection schemes for extracting the intensity of the ultrasound-modulated light, carried out experiments to image thick biological-tissue samples, and studied two techniques providing resolution in the cross-sections containing...
Li, Jun
Compressed sensing quantum process tomography for superconducting quantum gates
We apply the method of compressed sensing (CS) quantum process tomography (QPT) to characterize quantum gates based on superconducting Xmon and phase qubits. Using experimental data for a two-qubit controlled-Z gate, we obtain an estimate for the process matrix $\\chi$ with reasonably high fidelity compared to full QPT, but using a significantly reduced set of initial states and measurement configurations. We show that the CS method still works when the amount of used data is so small that the standard QPT would have an underdetermined system of equations. We also apply the CS method to the analysis of the three-qubit Toffoli gate with numerically added noise, and similarly show that the method works well for a substantially reduced set of data. For the CS calculations we use two different bases in which the process matrix $\\chi$ is approximately sparse, and show that the resulting estimates of the process matrices match each ther with reasonably high fidelity. For both two-qubit and three-qubit gates, we characterize the quantum process by not only its process matrix and fidelity, but also by the corresponding standard deviation, defined via variation of the state fidelity for different initial states.
Andrey V. Rodionov; Andrzej Veitia; R. Barends; J. Kelly; Daniel Sank; J. Wenner; John M. Martinis; Robert L. Kosut; Alexander N. Korotkov
Measurement strategy for rectangular electrical capacitance tomography sensor
To investigate the influence of the measurement strategy for the rectangular electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensor, a Finite Element Method (FEM) is utilized to create the model for simulation. The simulation was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics(trade mark, serif) and Matlab(trade mark, serif). The length-width ratio of the rectangular sensing area is 5. Twelve electrodes are evenly arranged surrounding the pipe. The covering ratio of the electrodes is 90%. The capacitances between different electrode pairs are calculated for a bar distribution. The air of the relative permittivity 1.0 and the material of the permittivity 3.0 are used for the calibration. The relative permittivity of the second phase is 3.0. The noise free and noise data are used for the image reconstruction using the Linear Back Projection (LBP). The measurement strategies with 1-, 2- and 4- electrode excitation are compared using the correlation coefficient. Preliminary results show that the measurement strategy with 2-electrode excitation outperforms other measurement strategies with 1- or 4-electrode excitation.
Ye, Jiamin; Ge, Ruihuan; Qiu, Guizhi; Wang, Haigang [Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (China)
Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography (DRCT) Product Improvement Plan (PIP)
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing and deploying x-ray inspection systems for chemical weapons containers for the past 12 years under the direction of the Project Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM). In FY-10 funding was provided to advance the capabilities of these systems through the DRCT (Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography) Product Improvement Plan (PIP), funded by the PMNSCM. The DRCT PIP identified three research tasks; end user study, detector evaluation and DRCT/PINS integration. Work commenced in February, 2010. Due to the late start and the schedule for field inspection of munitions at various sites, it was not possible to spend sufficient field time with operators to develop a complete end user study. We were able to interact with several operators, principally Mr. Mike Rowan who provided substantial useful input through several discussions and development of a set of field notes from the Pueblo, CO field mission. We will be pursuing ongoing interactions with field personnel as opportunities arise in FY-11.
Tim Roney; Bob Pink; Karen Wendt; Robert Seifert; Mike Smith
THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METER IN FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS I Marine Biological Laboratory! WOODS RESISTIVITY METER IN FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS By Robert E. Lennon Fishery Research Biologist Appalachian Sport) BiblioKiMpliy : p. ]!. 1. Electric meters. 2. Water--Analysis. 3. Electric fishing. I. Title. ( Series
Radiation-Resistant Reconnaissance Robot Introduction Design
are water-moderated. This type of reactor consists of a deep pool filled with water, uranium fuel rods. Radiation Resistance Control/Communication The objective of this project is to develop a submersible radiation- resistant, tether-operated robot for use in a water-moderated reactor pool. 1. Radiation
Provancher, William
Comparison of Rigid and Adaptive Methods of Propagating Gross Tumor Volume Through Respiratory Phases of Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Image Data Set
Purpose: To compare three different methods of propagating the gross tumor volume (GTV) through the respiratory phases that constitute a four-dimensional computed tomography image data set. Methods and Materials: Four-dimensional computed tomography data sets of 20 patients who had undergone definitive hypofractionated radiotherapy to the lung were acquired. The GTV regions of interest (ROIs) were manually delineated on each phase of the four-dimensional computed tomography data set. The ROI from the end-expiration phase was propagated to the remaining nine phases of respiration using the following three techniques: (1) rigid-image registration using in-house software, (2) rigid image registration using research software from a commercial radiotherapy planning system vendor, and (3) rigid-image registration followed by deformable adaptation originally intended for organ-at-risk delineation using the same software. The internal GTVs generated from the various propagation methods were compared with the manual internal GTV using the normalized Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) index. Results: The normalized DSC index of 1.01 {+-} 0.06 (SD) for rigid propagation using the in-house software program was identical to the normalized DSC index of 1.01 {+-} 0.06 for rigid propagation achieved with the vendor's research software. Adaptive propagation yielded poorer results, with a normalized DSC index of 0.89 {+-} 0.10 (paired t test, p <0.001). Conclusion: Propagation of the GTV ROIs through the respiratory phases using rigid- body registration is an acceptable method within a 1-mm margin of uncertainty. The adaptive organ-at-risk propagation method was not applicable to propagating GTV ROIs, resulting in an unacceptable reduction of the volume and distortion of the ROIs.
Ezhil, Muthuveni [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com; Choi, Bum; Starkschall, George [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Bucci, M. Kara [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Vedam, Sastry; Balter, Peter [Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States)
Pretreatment Staging Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Inflammatory Breast Cancer Influences Radiation Treatment Field Designs
Purpose: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasingly being utilized for staging of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The purpose of this study was to define how pretreatment PET/CT studies affected postmastectomy radiation treatment (PMRT) planning decisions for IBC. Methods and Materials: We performed a retrospective analysis of 62 patients diagnosed with IBC between 2004 and 2009, who were treated with PMRT in our institution and who had a staging PET/CT within 3 months of diagnosis. Patients received a baseline physical examination, staging mammography, ultrasonographic examination of breast and draining lymphatics, and chest radiography; most patients also had a bone scan (55 patients), liver imaging (52 patients), breast MRI (46 patients), and chest CT (25 patients). We compared how PET/CT findings affected PMRT, assuming that standard PMRT would target the chest wall, level III axilla, supraclavicular fossa, and internal mammary chain (IMC). Any modification of target volumes, field borders, or dose prescriptions was considered a change. Results: PET/CT detected new areas of disease in 27 of the 62 patients (44%). The areas of additional disease included the breast (1 patient), ipsilateral axilla (1 patient), ipsilateral supraclavicular (4 patients), ipsilateral infraclavicular (1 patient), ipsilateral IMC (5 patients), ipsilateral subpectoral (3 patients), mediastinal (8 patients), other distant/contralateral lymph nodes (15 patients), or bone (6 patients). One patient was found to have a non-breast second primary tumor. The findings of the PET/CT led to changes in PMRT in 11 of 62 patients (17.7%). These changes included additional fields in 5 patients, adjustment of fields in 2 patients, and higher doses to the supraclavicular fossa (2 patients) and IMC (5 patients). Conclusions: For patients with newly diagnosed IBC, pretreatment PET/CT provides important information concerning involvement of locoregional lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes, and unsuspected sites of distant metastasis. This information is important in the design of radiotherapy treatment fields and, therefore, we recommend that PET/CT be a component of initial staging for IBC.
Walker, Gary V. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Niikura, Naoki [Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa (Japan)] [Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa (Japan); Yang Wei [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Rohren, Eric [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Valero, Vicente [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Woodward, Wendy A. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Alvarez, Ricardo H. [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Lucci, Anthony [Department of Surgical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Surgical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Ueno, Naoto T. [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)] [Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States); Buchholz, Thomas A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (United States)
Investigation of Thermal Interface Materials Using Phase-Sensitive Transient Thermoreflectance Technique: Preprint
With increasing power density in electronics packages/modules, thermal resistances at multiple interfaces are a bottleneck to efficient heat removal from the package. In this work, the performance of thermal interface materials such as grease, thermoplastic adhesives and diffusion-bonded interfaces are characterized using the phase-sensitive transient thermoreflectance technique. A multi-layer heat conduction model was constructed and theoretical solutions were derived to obtain the relation between phase lag and the thermal/physical properties. This technique enables simultaneous extraction of the contact resistance and bulk thermal conductivity of the TIMs. With the measurements, the bulk thermal conductivity of Dow TC-5022 thermal grease (70 to 75 um bondline thickness) was 3 to 5 W/(m-K) and the contact resistance was 5 to 10 mm2-K/W. For the Btech thermoplastic material (45 to 80 ?m bondline thickness), the bulk thermal conductivity was 20 to 50 W/(m-K) and the contact resistance was 2 to 5 mm2-K/W. Measurements were also conducted to quantify the thermal performance of diffusion-bonded interface for power electronics applications. Results with the diffusion-bonded sample showed that the interfacial thermal resistance is more than one order of magnitude lower than those of traditional TIMs, suggesting potential pathways to efficient thermal management.
Feng, X.; King, C.; DeVoto, D.; Mihalic, M.; Narumanchi, S.
A study of stability analysis of pyroclastic covers based on electrical resistivity measurements
Usually, the degree of stability of a slope is quantified by the Factor of Safety whose values depend on physical and mechanical soil properties analyzed on samples of much reduced sizes or referring to very small soil volumes around porous probes. To overcome the limit of punctual information, we propose a semi-empirical approach based on the use of geophysical methods and the employment of a geophysical Factor of Safety recently introduced by the authors in terms of local resistivities and slope angles. In this paper, we show an application of our proposal on a test area of about 2000 m2 on Sarno Mountains (Campania Region - Southern Italy), where shallow landslides involving pyroclastic soils periodically occur triggered by critical rainfall events. Starting from two resistivity tomography surveys performed on the test area in autumn and spring, we obtained maps of the geophysical Factor of Safety at different depths for the two seasons. We also estimated the values of the Factor of Safety by using the inf...
Di Maio, Rosa
Review of uranium bioassay techniques
A variety of analytical techniques is available for evaluating uranium in excreta and tissues at levels appropriate for occupational exposure control and evaluation. A few (fluorometry, kinetic phosphorescence analysis, {alpha}-particle spectrometry, neutron irradiation techniques, and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry) have also been demonstrated as capable of determining uranium in these materials at levels comparable to those which occur naturally. Sample preparation requirements and isotopic sensitivities vary widely among these techniques and should be considered carefully when choosing a method. This report discusses analytical techniques used for evaluating uranium in biological matrices (primarily urine) and limits of detection reported in the literature. No cost comparison is attempted, although references are cited which address cost. Techniques discussed include: {alpha}-particle spectrometry; liquid scintillation spectrometry, fluorometry, phosphorometry, neutron activation analysis, fission-track counting, UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, resonance ionization mass spectrometry, and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A summary table of reported limits of detection and of the more important experimental conditions associated with these reported limits is also provided.
Bogard, J.S.
Erasure Techniques in MRD codes
This book is organized into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic algebraic structures essential to make this book a self contained one. Algebraic linear codes and their basic properties are discussed in chapter two. In chapter three the authors study the basic properties of erasure decoding in maximum rank distance codes. Some decoding techniques about MRD codes are described and discussed in chapter four of this book. Rank distance codes with complementary duals and MRD codes with complementary duals are introduced and their applications are discussed. Chapter five introduces the notion of integer rank distance codes. The final chapter introduces some concatenation techniques.
W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache; R. Sujatha; R. S. Raja Durai
A new localized corrosion monitoring technique for the evaluation of oilfield inhibitors
Flow induced localized corrosion (FILC) is one of the major problems in the oilfield. Presently very few effective techniques are available for monitoring localized corrosion in oilfields. A new electrochemical technique was developed to provide a simple and effective way to monitor localized corrosion. The technique requires a potentiostat and a ZRA (zero resistance ammeter) as the measurement instrument. A special setup was designed to create a small anode and a large cathode. The technique was tested in a recirculating flow loop simulating FILC conditions. This technique was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor in mitigating localized corrosion. It can be further applied, both in the laboratory and in the field, to other areas where FILC is severe. 35 refs., 12 figs.
Fu, S.L.; Griffin, A.M.; Garcia, J.G. Jr. [Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P., Sugar Land, TX (United States); Yang, B. [Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, IL (United States)
Prior-based artifact correction (PBAC) in computed tomography
Purpose: Image quality in computed tomography (CT) often suffers from artifacts which may reduce the diagnostic value of the image. In many cases, these artifacts result from missing or corrupt regions in the projection data, e.g., in the case of metal, truncation, and limited angle artifacts. The authors propose a generalized correction method for different kinds of artifacts resulting from missing or corrupt data by making use of available prior knowledge to perform data completion. Methods: The proposed prior-based artifact correction (PBAC) method requires prior knowledge in form of a planning CT of the same patient or in form of a CT scan of a different patient showing the same body region. In both cases, the prior image is registered to the patient image using a deformable transformation. The registered prior is forward projected and data completion of the patient projections is performed using smooth sinogram inpainting. The obtained projection data are used to reconstruct the corrected image. Results: The authors investigate metal and truncation artifacts in patient data sets acquired with a clinical CT and limited angle artifacts in an anthropomorphic head phantom data set acquired with a gantry-based flat detector CT device. In all cases, the corrected images obtained by PBAC are nearly artifact-free. Compared to conventional correction methods, PBAC achieves better artifact suppression while preserving the patient-specific anatomy at the same time. Further, the authors show that prominent anatomical details in the prior image seem to have only minor impact on the correction result. Conclusions: The results show that PBAC has the potential to effectively correct for metal, truncation, and limited angle artifacts if adequate prior data are available. Since the proposed method makes use of a generalized algorithm, PBAC may also be applicable to other artifacts resulting from missing or corrupt data.
Heu�er, Thorsten, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Brehm, Marcus [Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)] [Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Ritschl, Ludwig [Ziehm Imaging GmbH, Donaustra�e 31, 90451 N�rnberg (Germany)] [Ziehm Imaging GmbH, Donaustra�e 31, 90451 N�rnberg (Germany); Sawall, Stefan; Kachelrie�, Marc [Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich�Alexander�University (FAU) of Erlangen�N�rnberg, Henkestra�e 91, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)] [Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich�Alexander�University (FAU) of Erlangen�N�rnberg, Henkestra�e 91, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
A comparison of spotlight synthetic aperture radar image formation techniques
Spotlight synthetic aperture radar images can be formed from the complex phase history data using two main techniques: (1) polar-to-cartesian interpolation followed by two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform (2DFFT), and (2) convolution backprojection (CBP). CBP has been widely used to reconstruct medical images in computer aided tomography, and only recently has been applied to form synthetic aperture radar imagery. It is alleged that CBP yields higher quality images because (1) all the Fourier data are used and (2) the polar formatted data is used directly to form a 2D Cartesian image and therefore 2D interpolation is not required. This report compares the quality of images formed by CBP and several modified versions of the 2DFFT method. We show from an image quality point of view that CBP is equivalent to first windowing the phase history data and then interpolating to an exscribed rectangle. From a mathematical perspective, we should expect this conclusion since the same Fourier data are used to form the SAR image. We next address the issue of parallel implementation of each algorithm. We dispute previous claims that CBP is more readily parallelizable than the 2DFFT method. Our conclusions are supported by comparing execution times between massively parallel implementations of both algorithms, showing that both experience similar decreases in computation time, but that CBP takes significantly longer to form an image.
Knittle, C.D.; Doren, N.E.; Jakowatz, C.V.
Corrosion resistant storage container for radioactive material
A corrosion resistant long-term storage container for isolating radioactive waste material in a repository. The container is formed of a plurality of sealed corrosion resistant canisters of different relative sizes, with the smaller canisters housed within the larger canisters, and with spacer means disposed between judxtaposed pairs of canisters to maintain a predetermined spacing between each of the canisters. The combination of the plural surfaces of the canisters and the associated spacer means is effective to make the container capable of resisting corrosion, and thereby of preventing waste material from leaking from the innermost canister into the ambient atmosphere.
Schweitzer, Donald G. (Bayport, NY); Davis, Mary S. (Wading River, NY)
A corrosion resistant long-term storage container for isolating high-level radioactive waste material in a repository is claimed. The container is formed of a plurality of sealed corrosion resistant canisters of different relative sizes, with the smaller canisters housed within the larger canisters, and with spacer means disposed between juxtaposed pairs of canisters to maintain a predetermined spacing between each of the canisters. The combination of the plural surfaces of the canisters and the associated spacer means is effective to make the container capable of resisting corrosion, and thereby of preventing waste material from leaking from the innermost canister into the ambient atmosphere.
Schweitzer, D.G.; Davis, M.S.
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
1 Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques (3rd ed.) -- Chapter 3 -- Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber. All rights reserved. #12;2013/08/12 2 #12;33 Chapter 3: Data Preprocessing n Data Preprocessing: An Overview n Data Quality n Major Tasks in Data Preprocessing n Data Cleaning n Data Integration n Data
Geldenhuys, Jaco
Dissertation Imaging as Characterization Techniques
Telluride Photovoltaics The goal of increasing the efficiency of solar cell devices is a universal oneDissertation Imaging as Characterization Techniques for Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaics. Increased photovoltaic (PV) performance means an increase in competition with other energy tech- nologies
Sites, James R.
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance
ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance ALS Gives Chevron Scientists New Insights into Corrosion Resistance Print Thursday, 25 July 2013 13:44 In the...
New lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt...
Energy Savers [EERE]
lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt concentration polarization New lithium-based ionic liquid electrolytes that resist salt concentration polarization...
Selection of a Wear-Resistant Tractor Drivetrain Material: Success...
Selection of a Wear-Resistant Tractor Drivetrain Material: Success stories at the High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) User Program Selection of a Wear-Resistant Tractor...
DC Resistivity Survey (Wenner Array) At Mt Princeton Hot Springs...
Determination of groundwater flux patterns Notes Researchers measured DC resistivity and produced 12 resistivity profiles, each approximately 1.3 km in length. Equilibrium...
Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet | Department...
Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet Test Procedure for UV Weathering Resistance of Backsheet Presented at the PV Module Reliability Workshop, February 26 - 27...
how many doses can you miss before resistance emerges?
Title: Adherence to antiretroviral HIV drugs: how many doses can you miss before resistance emerges? Abstract. The emergence of drug resistance is one of the�...
Erosion-Resistant Nanocoatings for Improved Energy Efficiency...
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Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of...
Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of Titanium Oxygen Diffusion (OD) Dramatically Improves Wear-Resistance of Titanium 2007 Diesel Engine-Efficiency &...
High PID Resistant Cross-Linked Encapsulnt Based on Polyolefin...
are some concern about thermal creep resistance We have developed new polyolefin encapsulant "SOLAR ASCE TM" , which is based on high electrical resistivity polyolefin...
Two-dimensional ultrasonic computed tomography of growing bones.
. Petit Pediatric radiology department, "Timone" Children's Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France Abstract Ultrasonography is the main first-line imaging technique used to diagnose various pediatric pathologies. Ultrasonography appeals to pediatric radiologists because it is a non-invasive, non-irradiant, painless
P-Glycoprotein Structure and Chemotherapy Resistance
The protein, called P-glycoprotein, or P-gp for short, is one of the main reasons cancer cells are resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Understanding its structure may help...
High Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Surface Electrical...
with Filtered Arc Cr-Al-N Abstract: The requirements for low cost and high-tempurater corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks...
Engineered Surfaces to Resist Corrosion and Wear
MATS4007 Engineered Surfaces to Resist Corrosion and Wear Course Outline Session 2, 2014 School.................................................................................................4 Part III Corrosion and Control) LG07 Lecturer 28 Jul 1 Introduction to friction and wear JH Introduction to corrosion SC 4 Aug 2
New South Wales, University of
Bayesian estimation of resistivities from seismic velocities�
I address the problem of finding a background model for the estimation of resistivities in the earth from controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data by using seismic data and well logs as constraints. Estimation of ...
Werthm�ller, Dieter
Impact Resistance of Stitched Composites and Metacomposites ...
Impact Resistance of Stitched Composites and Metacomposites Apr 07 2015 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM Dr. K. T. Tan, Assistant Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engrng, University of Akron,...
Genomic analysis of hepatic insulin resistance
Type II Diabetes mellitus is a genetically complex disease characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which results in simultaneous hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Because of the prevalence of type II ...
Raab, R. Michael
Osmotic pressure: resisting or promoting DNA ejection from phage
Recent in vitro experiments have shown that DNA ejection from bacteriophage can be partially stopped by surrounding osmotic pressure when ejected DNA is digested by DNase I on the course of ejection. We argue in this work by combination of experimental techniques (osmotic suppression without DNaseI monitored by UV absorbance, pulse-field electrophoresis, and cryo-EM visualization) and simple scaling modeling that intact genome (i.e. undigested) ejection in a crowded environment is, on the contrary, enhanced or eventually complete with the help of a pulling force resulting from DNA condensation induced by the osmotic stress itself. This demonstrates that in vivo, the osmotically stressed cell cytoplasm will promote phage DNA ejection rather than resisting it. The further addition of DNA-binding proteins under crowding conditions is shown to enhance the extent of ejection. We also found some optimal crowding conditions for which DNA content remaining in the capsid upon ejection is maximum, which correlates well...
Jeembaeva, Meerim; Larsson, Frida; Evilevitch, Alex
Pressure Resistance Welding of High Temperature Metallic Materials
Engineers from the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have demonstrated an innovative method for seal or pinch welding stainless steel tubing. Sometimes a tube has fuel or contamination that must be contained, or the tube needs to be shortened or cut for handling, and the tube needs to have a guaranteed sealed weld that is both quick and easy. This technique was demonstrated in a laboratory using a resistance welding system with specially designed electrodes to ensure a tube end is seal welded or if a long tube is to be shortened, the severed ends are seal welded. The unique electrodes design is integral to achieving the sealed ends. This process could readily be adapted for robotic--remote handling or for contact handling in a glovebox or hood.
Larry Zirker; Craig Tyler
Method of manufacturing a shapeable short-resistant capacitor
A method that employs a novel combination of conventional fabrication techniques provides a ceramic short-resistant capacitor that is bendable and/or shapeable to provide a multiple layer capacitor that is extremely compact and amenable to desirable geometries. The method allows thinner and more flexible ceramic capacitors to be made. The method includes forming a first thin metal layer on a substrate; depositing a thin, ceramic dielectric layer over the metal layer; depositing a second thin metal layer over the dielectric layer to form a capacitor exhibiting a benign failure mode; and separating the capacitor from the substrate. The method may also include bending the resulting capacitor into a serpentine arrangement with gaps between the layers that allow venting of evaporated electrode material in the event of a benign failure.
Taylor, Ralph S.; Myers, John D.; Baney, William J.
Oxidation resistant coatings for ceramic matrix composite components
Corrosion resistant Ca{sub 0.6}Mg{sub 0.4}Zr{sub 4}(PO{sub 4}){sub 6} (CMZP) and Ca{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}Zr{sub 4}(PO{sub 4}){sub 6} (CS-50) coatings for fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix composite heat exchanger tubes have been developed. Aqueous slurries of both oxides were prepared with high solids loading. One coating process consisted of dipping the samples in a slip. A tape casting process has also been created that produced relatively thin and dense coatings covering a large area. A processing technique was developed, utilizing a pre-sintering step, which produced coatings with minimal cracking.
Vaubert, V.M.; Stinton, D.P. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Hirschfeld, D.A. [New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM (United States). Dept. of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
Computer Simulation and Experimental Validation on the Oxidation and Sulfate Corrosion Resistance of Novel Chromium Based High Temperature Alloys
This report summarizes our recent works of ab initio molecular dynamics inter-atomic potentials development on dilute rare earth element yttrium (Y) etc. doped chromium (Cr) alloy systems, its applications in oxidation and corrosion resistance simulation, and experiment validation on the candidate systems. The simulation methods, experimental validation techniques, achievements already reached, students training, and future improvement are briefly introduced.
Yang, Shizhong
Using CrAIN Multilayer Coatings to Improve Oxidation Resistance of Steel Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
The requirements of low cost and high-tempurature corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell stacks has directed attention to the use of metal plates with oxidation resistant coatings. We have investigatedt he performance of steel plates with multilayer coatings consisting of CrN for electrical conductivity and CrAIN for oxidation resistance. The coatings were deposited usin large area filterd arc deposition technolgy, and subsequently annealed in air for up to 25 hours at 800 degrees celsius. The composition, structer and morphology of the coated plates were characterized using RBS, nuclear reaction analysis, AFM and TEM techniques. By altering the architecture of the layers within the coatings, the rate of oxidation was reduced by more than an order of magnitute. Electrical resistance was measured at room temperature.
Smith, Richard J.; Tripp, C.; Knospe, Anders; Ramana, C. V.; Gorokhovsky, Vladimir I.; Shutthanandan, V.; Gelles, David S.
VSoE RIF Report: Micro-Tomography P.I.: Young H. Cho, Research Assistant Professor, Dept of EE/Dept of CS
VSoE RIF Report: Micro-Tomography P.I.: Young H. Cho, Research Assistant Professor, Dept of EE to the expense of buoys, floats or robotic probes. By performing acoustic tomography between shore or buoy
Zhou, Chongwu
Resistivity changes in carbon-implanted Teflon
. . 11 Carbon Disnibution vs Depth for 50 kV Implantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 15 17 18 12 Experiment III Resistance Curve 19 CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION Motivation Dr. Ron R. Hart of Texas ARM's Nuclear Engineering Department... UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOW April 2004 Major: Nuclear Engineering RESISTIVITY CHANGES IN CARBON-IMPLANTED TEFLON A Senior Honors Thesis by MATTHEW R. JACKSON Submitted to the Office of Honors Programs k Academic Scholarships Texas A&M University...
Jackson, Matthew R.
Diesel particulate filter with zoned resistive heater
A diesel particulate filter assembly comprises a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a heater assembly. The DPF filters a particulate from exhaust produced by an engine. The heater assembly has a first metallic layer that is applied to the DPF, a resistive layer that is applied to the first metallic layer, and a second metallic layer that is applied to the resistive layer. The second metallic layer is etched to form a plurality of zones.
Gonze, Eugene V [Pinckney, MI
Innovative Exploration Techniques for Geothermal Assessment at...
Techniques for Geothermal Assessment at Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico Innovative Exploration Techniques for Geothermal Assessment at Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico Innovative Exploration...
The Design and Performance of a Scintillating-Fibre Tracker for the Cosmic-ray Muon Tomography of Legacy Nuclear Waste Containers
Tomographic imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering of cosmic-ray muons are increasingly being exploited for the non-destructive assay of shielded containers in a wide range of applications. One such application is the characterisation of legacy nuclear waste materials stored within industrial containers. The design, assembly and performance of a prototype muon tomography system developed for this purpose are detailed in this work. This muon tracker comprises four detection modules, each containing orthogonal layers of Saint-Gobain BCF-10 2mm-pitch plastic scintillating fibres. Identification of the two struck fibres per module allows the reconstruction of the incoming and Coulomb-scattered muon trajectories. These allow the container content, with respect to the atomic number Z of the scattering material, to be determined through reconstruction of the scattering location and magnitude. On each detection layer, the light emitted by the fibre is detected by a single Hamamatsu H8500 MAPMT with two fibre...
Clarkson, Anthony; Hoek, Matthias; Ireland, David G; Johnstone, Russell; Kaiser, Ralf; Keri, Tibor; Lumsden, Scott; Mahon, David F; McKinnon, Bryan; Murray, Morgan; Nutbeam-Tuffs, Sian; Shearer, Craig; Staines, Cassie; Yang, Guangliang; Zimmerman, Colin
Metal resistance sequences and transgenic plants
The present invention provides nucleic acid sequences encoding a metal ion resistance protein, which are expressible in plant cells. The metal resistance protein provides for the enzymatic reduction of metal ions including but not limited to divalent Cu, divalent mercury, trivalent gold, divalent cadmium, lead ions and monovalent silver ions. Transgenic plants which express these coding sequences exhibit increased resistance to metal ions in the environment as compared with plants which have not been so genetically modified. Transgenic plants with improved resistance to organometals including alkylmercury compounds, among others, are provided by the further inclusion of plant-expressible organometal lyase coding sequences, as specifically exemplified by the plant-expressible merB coding sequence. Furthermore, these transgenic plants which have been genetically modified to express the metal resistance coding sequences of the present invention can participate in the bioremediation of metal contamination via the enzymatic reduction of metal ions. Transgenic plants resistant to organometals can further mediate remediation of organic metal compounds, for example, alkylmetal compounds including but not limited to methyl mercury, methyl lead compounds, methyl cadmium and methyl arsenic compounds, in the environment by causing the freeing of mercuric or other metal ions and the reduction of the ionic mercury or other metal ions to the less toxic elemental mercury or other metals.
Meagher, Richard Brian (Athens, GA); Summers, Anne O. (Athens, GA); Rugh, Clayton L. (Athens, GA)
F Labeling of a Near-Infrared Fluorophore Enables Positron Emission Tomography and Optical Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Fast 18 F Labeling of a Near-Infrared Fluorophore Enables Positron Emission Tomography and Optical- with a near-infrared fluorophore into a single molecule. Attachment to targeting ligands enables localization by positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). Our first application
Tsien, Roger Y.
Cone-beam mammo-computed tomography from data along two tilting arcs Hengyong Yu,b
Cone-beam mammo-computed tomography from data along two tilting arcs Kai Zeng,a Hengyong Yu . To address this problem, x-ray tomosynthesis and cone-beam computed tomography CT are two compelling from a limited num- ber of projections.4 Since its introduction in 1972, the area of tomosynthesis has
Virginia Tech
An overview of fast convergent ordered-subsets reconstruction methods for emission tomography based on the incremental EM
. Introduction In emission tomography, the reconstruction of vast quantities of noisy, low-count data in prac [4]. Statistical reconstruction is useful in emission computed tomography due to its ability to ac by using only a subset of the projection data per sub-iteration. The OSEM algorithm is fast, parallelizable
ECG-GATED C-ARM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY USING L1 REGULARIZATION Cyril Mory 1,3
ECG-GATED C-ARM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY USING L1 REGULARIZATION Cyril Mory 1,3 , Bo Zhang 3 , Vincent of the algorithm used for the minimization. Index Terms -- C-Arm, computed tomography, ECG- gating, augmented arises from the synchronization with the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG), which is necessary to avoid
Comparison of Computed Tomography and Cineangiography in the Demonstration of Central Pulmonary Arteries in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for central pulmonary artery pathology in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) and right ventricular outflow obstruction. Methods: We compared contrast-enhanced CT and cine pulmonary arteriography in 24 patients with CCHD to assess central pulmonary arteries including the confluence. Both investigations were interpreted by a cardiac radiologist in a double-blinded manner at an interval of 3 weeks. Angiography was used as the gold standard for comparison. Results: The sensitivity for visualization of main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), and confluence on CT was 94%, 100%, 92.8%, and 92.8%, respectively. Diagnostic specificity for the same entities was 28.5%, 100%, 80%, and 50%, respectively. The positive predictive value for each was 76.2%, 100%, 94.1%, and 72.2%, respectively. The low specificity of CT in the evaluation of the MPA and the confluence is perhaps due to distorted right ventricular outflow anatomy in CCHD. Large aortopulmonary collaterals in this region were mistaken for the MPA in some patients with pulmonary atresia. Conclusion: CT is a useful, relatively noninvasive, imaging technique for the central pulmonary arteries in selected patients. It can supplement diagnostic information from angiography but cannot replace it. LPA demonstration on axial images alone is inadequate.
Taneja, Karuna; Sharma, Sanjiv [Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, C.T. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 (India); Kumar, Krishan [Department of Cardiology, C.T. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 (India); Rajani, Mira [Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, C.T. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 (India)
Quantum state tomography of large nuclear spins in a semiconductor quantum well: Robustness against errors as quantified by condition numbers
We discuss methods of quantum state tomography for solid-state systems with a large nuclear spin $I=3/2$ in nanometer-scale semiconductors devices based on a quantum well. Due to quadrupolar interactions, the Zeeman levels of these nuclear-spin devices become nonequidistant, forming a controllable four-level quantum system (known as quartit or ququart). The occupation of these levels can be selectively and coherently manipulated by multiphoton transitions using the techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [Yusa et al., Nature (London) 434, 101 (2005)]. These methods are based on an unconventional approach to NMR, where the longitudinal magnetization $M_z$ is directly measured. This is in contrast to the standard NMR experiments and tomographic methods, where the transverse magnetization $M_{xy}$ is detected. The robustness against errors in the measured data is analyzed by using condition numbers. We propose several methods with optimized sets of rotations. The optimization is applied to decrease the number of NMR readouts and to improve the robustness against errors, as quantified by condition numbers. An example of state reconstruction, using Monte Carlo methods, is presented. Tomographic methods for quadrupolar nuclei with higher-spin numbers (including $I=7/2$) are also described.
Adam Miranowicz; Sahin K. Ozdemir; Jiri Bajer; Go Yusa; Nobuyuki Imoto; Yoshiro Hirayama; Franco Nori
Improved proton computed tomography by dual modality image reconstruction
Purpose: Proton computed tomography (CT) is a promising image modality for improving the stopping power estimates and dose calculations for particle therapy. However, the finite range of about 33 cm of water of most commercial proton therapy systems limits the sites that can be scanned from a full 360� rotation. In this paper the authors propose a method to overcome the problem using a dual modality reconstruction (DMR) combining the proton data with a cone-beam x-ray prior. Methods: A Catphan 600 phantom was scanned using a cone beam x-ray CT scanner. A digital replica of the phantom was created in the Monte Carlo code Geant4 and a 360� proton CT scan was simulated, storing the entrance and exit position and momentum vector of every proton. Proton CT images were reconstructed using a varying number of angles from the scan. The proton CT images were reconstructed using a constrained nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm, minimizing total variation and the x-ray CT prior while remaining consistent with the proton projection data. The proton histories were reconstructed along curved cubic-spline paths. Results: The spatial resolution of the cone beam CT prior was retained for the fully sampled case and the 90� interval case, with the MTF = 0.5 (modulation transfer function) ranging from 5.22 to 5.65?linepairs/cm. In the 45� interval case, the MTF = 0.5 dropped to 3.91?linepairs/cm For the fully sampled DMR, the maximal root mean square (RMS) error was 0.006 in units of relative stopping power. For the limited angle cases the maximal RMS error was 0.18, an almost five-fold improvement over the cone beam CT estimate. Conclusions: Dual modality reconstruction yields the high spatial resolution of cone beam x-ray CT while maintaining the improved stopping power estimation of proton CT. In the case of limited angles, the use of prior image proton CT greatly improves the resolution and stopping power estimate, but does not fully achieve the quality of a 360� proton CT scan.
Hansen, David C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Bassler, Niels [Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)] [Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); Petersen, J�rgen Breede Baltzer [Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)] [Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); S�rensen, Thomas Sangild [Computer Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N (Denmark)] [Computer Science, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N (Denmark)
Characterizing properties of fractured porous media using x-ray computed tomography
CHARACTERIZING PROPERTIES OF FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA USING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis by JAMES MUDRA IV Submitted to the O f f i c e of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University- p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t of the requirements f... or the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1990 Major Subject: Chemical Engineering CHARACTERIZING PROPERTIES OF FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA USING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY A Thesis by JAMES MUDRA IV Approved as to s t y l e and content by: (Member) (Head...
Mudra, James
Electromagnetic Techniques | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating Solar Power Basics (The followingDirectLow CarbonOpen1Model | Exploration Technique:
Characterising encapsulated nuclear waste using cosmic-ray muon tomography
Tomographic imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering of cosmic-ray muons have been shown previously to successfully identify and characterise low- and high-Z materials within an air matrix using a prototype scintillating-fibre tracker system. Those studies were performed as the first in a series to assess the feasibility of this technology and image reconstruction techniques in characterising the potential high-Z contents of legacy nuclear waste containers for the UK Nuclear Industry. The present work continues the feasibility study and presents the first images reconstructed from experimental data collected using this small-scale prototype system of low- and high-Z materials encapsulated within a concrete-filled stainless-steel container. Clear discrimination is observed between the thick steel casing, the concrete matrix and the sample materials assayed. These reconstructed objects are presented and discussed in detail alongside the implications for future industrial scenarios.
Anthony Clarkson; David J. Hamilton; Matthias Hoek; David G. Ireland; John R. Johnstone; Ralf Kaiser; Tibor Keri; Scott Lumsden; David F. Mahon; Bryan McKinnon; Morgan Murray; Si�n Nutbeam-Tuffs; Craig Shearer; Guangliang Yang; Colin Zimmerman
Clarkson, Anthony; Hoek, Matthias; Ireland, David G; Johnstone, John R; Kaiser, Ralf; Keri, Tibor; Lumsden, Scott; Mahon, David F; McKinnon, Bryan; Murray, Morgan; Nutbeam-Tuffs, Si�n; Shearer, Craig; Yang, Guangliang; Zimmerman, Colin
Highly linear SAW-less receiver design techniques for CDMA
provide a higher equivalent mixer resistance by separatingR Mix is the equivalent mixer output resistance. As can be3.3), the equivalent mixer output resistance, which can be
Kim, Nam Soo
Evaluation of flow capture techniques for measuring HVAC grilleairflows
This paper discusses the accuracy of commercially available flow hoods for residential applications. Results of laboratory and field tests indicate these hoods can be inadequate to measure airflows in residential systems, and there can be large measurement discrepancies between different flow hoods. The errors are due to poor calibrations, sensitivity of the hoods to grille airflow non-uniformities, and flow changes from added flow resistance. It is possible to obtain reasonable results using some flow hoods if the field tests are carefully done, the grilles are appropriate, and grille location does not restrict flow hood placement. We also evaluated several simple flow capture techniques for measuring grille airflows that could be adopted by the HVAC industry and homeowners as simple diagnostics. These simple techniques can be as accurate as commercially available devices. Our test results also show that current calibration procedures for flow hoods do not account for field application problems. As a result, agencies such as ASHRAE or ASTM need to develop a new standard for flow hood calibration, along with a new measurement standard to address field use of flow capture techniques.
Walker, Iain S.; Wray, Craig P.
Neutron tomography of axially symmetric objects using 14 MeV neutrons from a portable neutron generator
In nuclear boiling water reactor cores, the distribution of water and steam (void) is essential for both safety and efficiency reasons. In order to enhance predictive capabilities, void distribution assessment is performed in two-phase test-loops under reactor-relevant conditions. This article proposes the novel technique of fast-neutron tomography using a portable deuterium-tritium neutron generator to determine the time-averaged void distribution in these loops. Fast neutrons have the advantage of high transmission through the metallic structures and pipes typically concealing a thermal-hydraulic test loop, while still being fairly sensitive to the water/void content. However, commercially available fast-neutron generators also have the disadvantage of a relatively low yield and fast-neutron detection also suffers from relatively low detection efficiency. Fortunately, some loops are axially symmetric, a property which can be exploited to reduce the amount of data needed for tomographic measurement, thus limiting the interrogation time needed. In this article, three axially symmetric test objects depicting a thermal-hydraulic test loop have been examined; steel pipes with outer diameter 24 mm, thickness 1.5 mm, and with three different distributions of the plastic material POM inside the pipes. Data recorded with the FANTOM fast-neutron tomography instrument have been used to perform tomographic reconstructions to assess their radial material distribution. Here, a dedicated tomographic algorithm that exploits the symmetry of these objects has been applied, which is described in the paper. Results are demonstrated in 20 rixel (radial pixel) reconstructions of the interior constitution and 2D visualization of the pipe interior is demonstrated. The local POM attenuation coefficients in the rixels were measured with errors (RMS) of 0.025, 0.020, and 0.022 cm{sup ?1}, solid POM attenuation coefficient. The accuracy and precision is high enough to provide a useful indication on the flow mode, and a visualization of the radial material distribution can be obtained. A benefit of this system is its potential to be mounted at any axial height of a two-phase test section without requirements for pre-fabricated entrances or windows. This could mean a significant increase in flexibility of the void distribution assessment capability at many existing two-phase test loops.
Andersson, P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Andersson-Sunden, E.; Sj�strand, H.; Jacobsson-Sv�rd, S. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Applied Nuclear Physics, Uppsala University, L�gerhyddsgatan 1, 751 20 Uppsala (Sweden)
Noncontact deep level photo-thermal spectroscopy: Technique and application to semi-insulating GaAs Wafers
to high resistivity materials, since the Debye-Huckel length is too large several milli- meters for semi materials. In DLPTS, the thermal recovery of carriers after excita- tion is monitored by a subNoncontact deep level photo-thermal spectroscopy: Technique and application to semi-insulating Ga
Mandelis, Andreas
Jones et al. Canada's lithospheric resistivity Page 1 The electrical resistivity of Canada's lithosphere and correlation
Jones et al. Canada's lithospheric resistivity Page 1 The electrical resistivity of Canada and Jessica E. Spratt1,7 1: Geological Survey of Canada, 615 Booth St., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0E9, Canada. 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. Email: ij
Jones, Alan G.
PLANT RESISTANCE Field and Storage Testing Bt Potatoes for Resistance to Potato
PLANT RESISTANCE Field and Storage Testing Bt Potatoes for Resistance to Potato Tuberworm Lansing, MI 48824 J. Econ. Entomol. 97(4): 1425Ð1431 (2004) ABSTRACT Potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is the most serious insect pest of potatoes worldwide. The introduction of the Bacillus
PLANT RESISTANCE A Test of Taxonomic Predictivity: Resistance to the Colorado Potato
PLANT RESISTANCE A Test of Taxonomic Predictivity: Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle in Wild Relatives of Cultivated Potato S. H. JANSKY,1 R. SIMON,2 AND D. M. SPOONER3 J. Econ. Entomol. 102(1): 422Ð431 (2009) ABSTRACT Wild relatives of potato offer a tremendous germplasm resource for breeders
Spooner, David
PLANT RESISTANCE Evaluation of Natural and Engineered Resistance Mechanisms in Potato
PLANT RESISTANCE Evaluation of Natural and Engineered Resistance Mechanisms in Potato Against Colorado Potato Beetle in a No-Choice Field Study SUSANNAH G. COOPER,1 DAVID S. DOUCHES,1,2 JOSEPH J. COOMBS,1 AND EDWARD J. GRAFIUS3 J. Econ. Entomol. 100(2): 573Ð579 (2007) ABSTRACT The Colorado potato
Harpin induces disease resistance in Arabidopsis through the systemic acquired resistance pathway mediated by
-type plants, harpin elicited systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Beer* Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853±4203, USA Summary Harpin in many plants. Harpin and known inducers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) were tested on ®ve
Delaney, Terrence
Downhole Techniques | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address:011-DNA Jump to:52c8ff988c1DeringDolgeville,Massachusetts: EnergyKokamDownhole Techniques
Post-doc GIPSA-Lab / LGIT : Ocean Acoustic Tomography in shallow water and Signal Processing
Post-doc GIPSA-Lab / LGIT : Ocean Acoustic Tomography in shallow water and Signal Processing influence and pollution in coastal areas. Consequently, they need the precise knowledge of the spatial and to estimate the sur- face height is also very interesting as these problems have many applications (acoustic
van Tiggelen, Bart
Quantum process tomography of single photon quantum channels with controllable decoherence
We characterized unital quantum channels of single photon polarization qubits. The channels are composed of two birefringent crystals and wave-plates, where their decoherence properties are controlled. An experimental comparison between two different depolarizing configurations was performed using a quantum process tomography procedure. The results are with a high fidelity to the theoretical predictions.
A. Shaham; H. S. Eisenberg
Surface-to-tunnel seismic tomography studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Surface-to-tunnel seismic tomography studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada Roland Gritto, Valeri A in the proposed nuclear waste repository area at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. A 5-km-long source line and a 3-km-long receiver line were located on top of Yucca Mountain ridge and inside the Exploratory Study Facility (ESF
Korneev, Valeri A.
Transport-and diffusion-based optical tomography in small domains: a comparative study
reconstructions based on the radiative transport and diffusion equations in optical tomography for media of small that the propaga- tion of near-infrared light in tissues is best modeled by the radiative transport equation (RTE the transport equation by its diffusion approximation, which models the spa- tial density of photons
Bal, Guillaume
T. J. Brukilacchio, Ph.D. Thesis 2003 Review of Diffuse Optical Tomography
to the radiative transport equation. Analytical models have been developed for simple geometries Optical Tomography The diffusion approximation to the radiative transport equation is the most widely used extensively studied in atmospheric physics, and in neutron transport [1,2]. The radiative transfer equation
Three-dimensional optical tomography with the equation of radiative transfer
on a transport-backtransport method applied to the two-dimensional time-dependent equation of radiative transferThree-dimensional optical tomography with the equation of radiative transfer Gassan S. Abdoulaev reconstruction scheme that is based on the time-independent equation of radiative transfer (ERT) and allows
Hielscher, Andreas
Determination of cloud liquid water distribution using 3D cloud tomography
, but they provide a less direct measurement of cloud water content (since radar reflectivity depends strongly, the number of scanning angles, the radiometer characteristics (e.g., noise level, beam width), the physical accuracy. For a setup consisting of four microwave radiometers of typical noise level 0.3 K, the tomography
to those suggested by radar level run attenuation differences, shot-receiver attenuation difference be explained by the difference in support volumes for the radar and chemistry measurements, and alsoBOREHOLE RADAR ATTENUATION-DIFFERENCE TOMOGRAPHY DURING THE TRACER/TIME-LAPSE TEST AT THE BOISE
Diffuse Optical Tomography of Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygenation, and Metabolism in Rat During Focal Ischemia
of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). Temporary (60-minute) MCAO was performed on five rats. Ischemic changes--Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) of the brain is an attractive new complementary to those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomog- raphy (PET), and holds
Yodh, Arjun G.
Nondestructive evaluation of Polymer Coating Structures on Pharmaceutical Pellets using Full Field Optical Coherence Tomography
Full field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) using a conventional LED light source and a CMOS camera has been developed for characterising coatings on small pellet samples. A set of en-face images covering an area of 700�m x 700�m were taken...
Li, C; Zeitler, J. A; Dong, Y; Shen, Y.-C
Using X-ray computed tomography in hydrology: systems, resolutions, and limitations
Using X-ray computed tomography in hydrology: systems, resolutions, and limitations D and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA c Hydrology Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0022-1694(02)00157-9 Journal of Hydrology 267 (2002) 285297 www
Wildenschild, Dorthe
Noninvasive Monitoring of Local Drug Release Using X-ray Computed Tomography: Optimization and
-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC), high resolution mass spectrometry, or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). These procedures,3 Gamma-emission imaging, positron- emission tomography (PET), and magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI of these methods are rela- tively low spatial resolution (5 and 10 mm for clinical gamma imaging and PET
Gao, Jinming
Cross gender-age trabecular texture analysis in cone beam computed tomography
osteoporosis screening tools in the jaws. Keywords: cone-beam computed tomography, osteoporosis, radiology, osteoporosis afflicts 55% of Americans aged 50 and above.1 Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is very important to prevent more serious complications such as hip fracture. The current gold standard for osteoporosis
Ling, Haibin
An Efficient Approach for Optical Radiative Transfer Tomography using the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinates Method
This paper introduces a method to preform optical tomography, using 3D radiative transfer as the forward model. We use an iterative approach predicated on the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinates Method (SHDOM) to solve the optimization problem in a scalable manner. We illustrate with an application in remote sensing of a cloudy atmosphere.
Levis, Aviad; Aides, Amit; Davis, Anthony B
An Exact Modeling of Signal Statistics in Energy-integrating X-ray Computed Tomography
assumption was made that the number of x-ray quanta within an energy interval in the spectrum followsAn Exact Modeling of Signal Statistics in Energy-integrating X-ray Computed Tomography Yi Fan1 School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 ABSTRACT Energy-integrating detection of x-ray sources is widely
Radiation dose reduction and image enhancement in biological imaging through equally-sloped tomography
Iterative reconstruction algorithm Radiation dose reduction Image enhancement Computed tomography a b s t r-dose data acquisi- tion schemes have made it possible to record multiple projections quickly without-energy electrons (Henderson, 1995), which limits the number of projections that can be acquired. Furthermore
Miao, Jianwei "John"
Image Reconstruction for Positron Emission Tomography Using Fuzzy Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion Penalty
with a limited number of data appears as a highly underdetermined ill-posed problem. The projection data computed tomography. However, such algorithms are sensitive to noise artifacts so that the reconstruction projections that are close to the measured projection data. Iterative based ML reconstruction algorithms
Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography Using Mixture Model Priors and Deterministic Annealing
degradations in emission computed tomography (ECT) for both PET and SPECT. To improve quantitative accuracy transmission projection data. However, the transmission projection data is itself usually very noisy due to the necessities of a short-time acquisition and limited count rate . The low-count data makes the reconstruction
Degradation of Li/S Battery Electrodes Studied Using X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography
the Li-ion battery market. This can be explained by their high energy density, high operating voltage1 Degradation of Li/S Battery Electrodes Studied Using X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography L. Zielkea. Zengerlea,f and S. Thielea,g Lithium/sulphur batteries are promising candidates for future energy storage
Schmidt, Volker
VIDEO IDENTIFICATION USING VIDEO TOMOGRAPHY Gustavo Leon, Hari Kalva, and Borko Furht
VIDEO IDENTIFICATION USING VIDEO TOMOGRAPHY Gustavo Leon, Hari Kalva, and Borko Furht Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA ABSTRACT Video popularity of online video services. The problem addressed in this paper is the identification of a given
Kalva, Hari
Group-velocity tomography of South America and the surrounding oceans
Group-velocity tomography of South America and the surrounding oceans Oleg Vdovin,1 Jose¨ A. Rial,2 propagating across South America and the surrounding oceans. Broad-band waveform data from about 765 events and show that the average resolution across South America is about 60^80 for Rayleigh waves and 70
Ritzwolle, Mike
seismic reflection cannot (e.g. Liberty et al., 1999; Musil et al., 2002). The images producedTHE VALUE OF BOREHOLE -TO-SURFACE INFORMATION IN NEAR-SURFACE CROSSWELL SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY Geoff J properties is important in many fields. One method that can image the seismic velocity structure
Model building techniques for analysis.
The practice of mechanical engineering for product development has evolved into a complex activity that requires a team of specialists for success. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has product engineers, mechanical designers, design engineers, manufacturing engineers, mechanical analysts and experimentalists, qualification engineers, and others that contribute through product realization teams to develop new mechanical hardware. The goal of SNL's Design Group is to change product development by enabling design teams to collaborate within a virtual model-based environment whereby analysis is used to guide design decisions. Computer-aided design (CAD) models using PTC's Pro/ENGINEER software tools are heavily relied upon in the product definition stage of parts and assemblies at SNL. The three-dimensional CAD solid model acts as the design solid model that is filled with all of the detailed design definition needed to manufacture the parts. Analysis is an important part of the product development process. The CAD design solid model (DSM) is the foundation for the creation of the analysis solid model (ASM). Creating an ASM from the DSM currently is a time-consuming effort; the turnaround time for results of a design needs to be decreased to have an impact on the overall product development. This effort can be decreased immensely through simple Pro/ENGINEER modeling techniques that summarize to the method features are created in a part model. This document contains recommended modeling techniques that increase the efficiency of the creation of the ASM from the DSM.
Walther, Howard P.; McDaniel, Karen Lynn; Keener, Donald; Cordova, Theresa Elena; Henry, Ronald C.; Brooks, Sean; Martin, Wilbur D.
Compensation Techniques in Accelerator Physics
Accelerator physics is one of the most diverse multidisciplinary fields of physics, wherein the dynamics of particle beams is studied. It takes more than the understanding of basic electromagnetic interactions to be able to predict the beam dynamics, and to be able to develop new techniques to produce, maintain, and deliver high quality beams for different applications. In this work, some basic theory regarding particle beam dynamics in accelerators will be presented. This basic theory, along with applying state of the art techniques in beam dynamics will be used in this dissertation to study and solve accelerator physics problems. Two problems involving compensation are studied in the context of the MEIC (Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider) project at Jefferson Laboratory. Several chromaticity (the energy dependence of the particle tune) compensation methods are evaluated numerically and deployed in a figure eight ring designed for the electrons in the collider. Furthermore, transverse coupling optics have been developed to compensate the coupling introduced by the spin rotators in the MEIC electron ring design.
Hisham Kamal Sayed
The link between a negative high resolution resist contrast/developer performance and the Flory-Huggins parameter estimated from the Hansen solubility sphere
We have implemented a technique to identify candidate polymer solvents for spinning, developing, and rinsing for a high resolution, negative electron beam resist hexa-methyl acetoxy calix(6)arene to elicit the optimum pattern development performance. Using the three dimensional Hansen solubility parameters for over 40 solvents, we have constructed a Hansen solubility sphere. From this sphere, we have estimated the Flory Huggins interaction parameter for solvents with hexa-methyl acetoxy calix(6)arene and found a correlation between resist development contrast and the Flory-Huggins parameter. This provides new insights into the development behavior of resist materials which are necessary for obtaining the ultimate lithographic resolution.
StCaire, Lorri; Olynick, Deirdre L.; Chao, Weilun L.; Lewis, Mark D.; Lu, Haoren; Dhuey, Scott D.; Liddle, J. Alexander
Dissipative Cryogenic Filters with Zero DC Resistance
The authors designed, implemented and tested cryogenic RF filters with zero DC resistance, based on wires with a superconducting core inside a resistive sheath. The superconducting core allows low frequency currents to pass with negligible dissipation. Signals above the cutoff frequency are dissipated in the resistive part due to their small skin depth. The filters consist of twisted wire pairs shielded with copper tape. Above approximately 1 GHz, the attenuation is exponential in {radical}{omega}, as typical for skin depth based RF filters. By using additional capacitors of 10 nF per line, an attenuation of at least 45 dB above 10 MHz can be obtained. Thus, one single filter stage kept at mixing chamber temperature in a dilution refrigerator is sufficient to attenuate room temperature black body radiation to levels corresponding to 10 mK above about 10 MHz.
Bluhm, Hendrik; Moler, Kathryn A.; /Stanford U., Appl. Phys. Dept
Improvements of the Variable Thermal Resistance
A flat mounting unit with electronically variable thermal resistance [1] has been presented in the last year [2]. The design was based on a Peltier cell and the appropriate control electronics and software. The device is devoted especially to the thermal characterization of packages, e.g. in dual cold plate arrangements. Although this design meets the requirements of the static measurement we are intended to improve its parameters as the settling time and dynamic thermal impedance and the range of realized thermal resistance. The new design applies the heat flux sensor developed by our team as well [3], making easier the control of the device. This development allows even the realization of negative thermal resistances.
Sz�kely, V; Kollar, E
V. Szekely; S. Torok; E. Kollar
Device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance
A device for reducing vehicle aerodynamic resistance for vehicles having a generally rectangular body disposed above rear wheels, comprising a plurality of load bearing struts attached to the bottom of the rectangular body adjacent its sides, a plurality of opposing flat sheets attached to the load bearing struts, and angled flaps attached to the lower edge of the opposing sheets defining an obtuse angle with the opposing flat sheets extending inwardly with respect to the sides of the rectangular body to a predetermined height above the ground, which, stiffen the opposing flat sheets, bend to resist damage when struck by the ground, and guide airflow around the rear wheels of the vehicle to reduce its aerodynamic resistance when moving.
Graham, Sean C.
Thermal barrier coating resistant to sintering
A device (10) having a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer (16) characterized by a microstructure having gaps (18) with a sintering inhibiting material (22) disposed on the columns (20) within the gaps (18). The sintering resistant material (22) is stable over the range of operating temperatures of the device (10) and is not soluble with the underlying ceramic layer (16). For a YSZ ceramic layer (16) the sintering resistant layer (22) may preferably be aluminum oxide or yttrium aluminum oxide, deposited as a continuous layer or as nodules.
Subramanian, Ramesh (Orlando, FL); Sabol, Stephen M. (Orlando, FL)
Inheritance of greenbug resistance in oats
and susceptible check genotypes were labeled with 6-inch pot labels, while F2 plants were not labeled individually. The soil in the flats was saturated with tap water at planting and watering of the plants continued every other day. Watering was accomplished w... of genetic data. 30 Table 5. Greenbug reactions for F2 populations from greenbug-resistant by greenbug-susceptible crosses of oat parents. ' Pedigree~ N r f Ft~la ts P for goodness Resistant Susceptible of fit to 3: 1 ratio' C. I. 1579 x C. I. 2712...
Tesfaye, Tebebe Selassie
Microcomposition of Human Urinary Calculi Using Advanced Imaging Techniques
-XANES XAS microfocused XAS XRD microfocused XRD XRF microfocused XRF CT computerized tomography FTIR Fourier XRD x-ray diffraction XRF x-ray fluorescence Accepted for publication September 18, 2012. Supported
Automated Impedance Tomography for Monitoring Permeable Reactive Barrier Health
The objective of this research was the development of an autonomous, automated electrical geophysical monitoring system which allows for near real-time assessment of Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) health and aging and which provides this assessment through a web-based interface to site operators, owners and regulatory agencies. Field studies were performed at four existing PRB sites; (1) a uranium tailing site near Monticello, Utah, (2) the DOE complex at Kansas City, Missouri, (3) the Denver Federal Center in Denver, Colorado and (4) the Asarco Smelter site in East Helena, Montana. Preliminary surface data over the PRB sites were collected (in December, 2005). After the initial round of data collection, the plan was modified to include studies inside the barriers in order to better understand barrier aging processes. In September 2006 an autonomous data collection system was designed and installed at the EPA PRB and the electrode setups in the barrier were revised and three new vertical electrode arrays were placed in dedicated boreholes which were in direct contact with the PRB material. Final data were collected at the Kansas City, Denver and Monticello, Utah PRB sites in the fall of 2007. At the Asarco Smelter site in East Helena, Montana, nearly continuous data was collected by the autonomous monitoring system from June 2006 to November 2007. This data provided us with a picture of the evolution of the barrier, enabling us to examine barrier changes more precisely and determine whether these changes are due to installation issues or are normal barrier aging. Two rounds of laboratory experiments were carried out during the project. We conducted column experiments to investigate the effect of mineralogy on the electrical signatures resulting from iron corrosion and mineral precipitation in zero valent iron (ZVI) columns. In the second round of laboratory experiments we observed the electrical response from simulation of actual field PRBs at two sites: the Kansas City barrier and the East Helena barrier. As these sites are also used for our field monitoring efforts, this allowed for a comparison between field and laboratory. In column studies with high concentrations of calcium and carbonate/bicarbonate, we observed that the increase of electrical resistivity and decrease of polarization magnitude is significant and is mainly controlled by the precipitation of calcium carbonates. In general, the electrical properties of all of the barriers studied follow a pattern. New barriers are fairly resistive with in-situ conductivity only a few times background (outside the barrier) values. Older barriers get increasingly conductive, with failed barriers showing values of over 100 S/m. The induced polarization response is more complicated. Chargeability values increase over time for young barriers, are largest for healthy barriers in the middle of their lifespan, and decrease as the barrier ages These results suggest that normalized IP appears promising as a measure of barrier age.
LaBrecque, D J; Adkins, P L
Subranging technique using superconducting technology
Subranging techniques using "digital SQUIDs" are used to design systems with large dynamic range, high resolution and large bandwidth. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) embodying the invention include a first SQUID based "coarse" resolution circuit and a second SQUID based "fine" resolution circuit to convert an analog input signal into "coarse" and "fine" digital signals for subsequent processing. In one embodiment, an ADC includes circuitry for supplying an analog input signal to an input coil having at least a first inductive section and a second inductive section. A first superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is coupled to the first inductive section and a second SQUID is coupled to the second inductive section. The first SQUID is designed to produce "coarse" (large amplitude, low resolution) output signals and the second SQUID is designed to produce "fine" (low amplitude, high resolution) output signals in response to the analog input signals.
Gupta, Deepnarayan (Hawthorne, NY)
Nuclear Waste Imaging and Spent Fuel Verification by Muon Tomography
This paper explores the use of cosmic ray muons to image the contents of shielded containers and detect high-Z special nuclear materials inside them. Cosmic ray muons are a naturally occurring form of radiation, are highly penetrating and exhibit large scattering angles on high Z materials. Specifically, we investigated how radiographic and tomographic techniques can be effective for non-invasive nuclear waste characterization and for nuclear material accountancy of spent fuel inside dry storage containers. We show that the tracking of individual muons, as they enter and exit a structure, can potentially improve the accuracy and availability of data on nuclear waste and the contents of Dry Storage Containers (DSC) used for spent fuel storage at CANDU plants. This could be achieved in near real time, with the potential for unattended and remotely monitored operations. We show that the expected sensitivity, in the case of the DSC, exceeds the IAEA detection target for nuclear material accountancy.
Jonkmans, G; Jewett, C; Thompson, M
Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Rubber Mix Versus
. crack length curve for KR #12;Load vs. CMOD 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Crack mouth opening, mm 0 500 1000 1500 non-linear fracture mechanics �Compliance approach �R-Curve approach #12;Conventional Fatigue Testing factor R-Curve approach Resistance to initiation & growth of cracks Evaluates fracture toughness
Mobasher, Barzin
Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein
Original article Mechanisms of resistance to acrolein in Drosophila melanogaster L.M. Sierra M Oviedo, Spain (received 29 November 1988; accepted 26 May 1989) Summary - The mechanisms of acrolein of acrolein entering the flies, and the other is an increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; probably
Nigrostriatal Dopmaine Function and Insulin Resistance
in Parkinson's disease. We used the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD to analyze glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin resistance following dopamine (DA) depletion. Finally, we combined a high fat diet and low dose 6-OHDA model to determine...
Morris, Jill Kathleen
Evaluation of Radiation Resistance for Organic Materials
of colors Creation of UV-resistant plants Fibrous adsorbent for metals Biodegradable plastics Decomposition) -Gas evolution Modification Degradation Scheme of interaction between organic materials and radiation-015 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Degradation of organic materials is accelerated at high temperature. O O C O n C C F F F F
McDonald, Kirk
Sufficient Conditions for Collision-Resistant Hashing
information retrieval (PIR) protocols and homomorphic one-way commitments. Keywords. Collision-resistant hash. A homomorphic encryption is a semantically secure encryption in which the plaintexts are taken from a group (single-server, sublinear-communication) one-round PIR protocol [15]. Since PIR is implied by homomorphic
Ostrovsky, Rafail
Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer Calibrations from the
Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer Calibrations from the Ar TP to the Ag FP G. F. Strouse Thermometer Calibrations from the Ar TP to the Ag FP G. F. Strouse Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 ITS-90 thermometer specifications
Magee, Joseph W.
Modeling techniques for simulating well behavior
This thesis is a catalog of modeling techniques useful in simulating well behavior in certain types of reservoirs that are often encountered in petroleum reservoirs. Emphasis has been placed on techniques that can be used with any conventional...
Rattu, Bungen Christina
Effects of phosphorus on corrosion resistance of electroless nickel in 50% sodium hydroxide
Nickel (Ni) and electroless nickel (EN) coatings are used extensively in caustic soda (NaOH) service. The corrosion resistance of an EN coating is dependent upon phosphorus (P) content, but not in the trend expected. High-phosphorus EN (HPEN) coatings have poorer corrosion resistance in hot, concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) than low-phosphorus (LPEN) and medium-phosphorus (MPEN) coatings, which have a corrosion resistance comparable to Ni. The purpose of this work was to quantify the effect of P in EN coatings on their corrosion resistance in 50% NaOH at room temperature (RT). Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the corrosion processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize coating surfaces. Very low corrosion rates ([<=] [mu]m/y) were measured for all coatings. It was proposed that the detrimental effect of P in EN coatings exposed to a concentrated NaOH environment was a result of the higher solubility of nickel phosphate (Ni[sub 3][PO[sub 4
Zeller, R.L. III (Occidental Chemical Corp., Grand Island, NY (United States)); Salvati, L. (Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL (United States))
Influence of nitrogen in the shielding gas on corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel welds
The influence of nitrogen in shielding gas on the corrosion resistance of welds of a duplex stainless steel (grade U-50), obtained by gas tungsten arc (GTA) with filler wire, autogenous GTA (bead-on-plate), electron beam welding (EBW), and microplasma techniques, has been evaluated in chloride solutions at 30 C. Pitting attack has been observed in GTA, electron beam welding, and microplasma welds when welding has been carried out using pure argon as the shielding gas. Gas tungsten arc welding with 5 to 10% nitrogen and 90 to 95% argon, as the shielding gas, has been found to result in an improved pitting corrosion resistance of the weldments of this steel. However, the resistance of pitting of autogenous welds (bead-on-plate) obtained in pure argon as the shielding gas has been observed to remain unaffected. Microscopic examination, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and x-ray diffraction studies have revealed that the presence of nitrogen in the shielding gas in the GTA welds not only modifies the microstructure and the austenite to ferrite ratio but also results in a nearly uniform distribution of the various alloying elements, for example, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum among the constituent phases, which are responsible for improved resistance to pitting corrosion.
Bhatt, R.B.; Kamat, H.S.; Ghosal, S.K.; De, P.K.
ARPEFS as an analytic technique
Two modifications to the ARPEFS technique are introduced. These are studied using p(2 {times} 2)S/Cu(001) as a model system. The first modification is the obtaining of ARPEFS {chi}(k) curves at temperatures as low as our equipment will permit. While adding to the difficulty of the experiment, this modification is shown to almost double the signal-to-noise ratio of normal emission p(2 {times} 2)S/Cu(001) {chi}(k) curves. This is shown by visual comparison of the raw data and by the improved precision of the extracted structural parameters. The second change is the replacement of manual fitting of the Fourier filtered {chi}(k) curves by the use of the simplex algorithm for parameter determination. Again using p(2 {times} 2)S/Cu(001) data, this is shown to result in better agreement between experimental {chi}(k) curves and curves calculated based on model structures. The improved ARPEFS is then applied to p(2 {times} 2)S/Ni(111) and ({radical}3 {times} {radical}3) R30{degree}S/Ni(111). For p(2 {times} 2)S/Cu(001) we find a S-Cu bond length of 2.26 {Angstrom}, with the S adatom 1.31 {Angstrom} above the fourfold hollow site. The second Cu layer appears to be corrugated. Analysis of the p(2 {times} 2)S/Ni(111) data indicates that the S adatom adatom adsorbs onto the FCC threefold hollow site 1.53 {Angstrom} above the Ni surface. The S-Ni bond length is determined to be 2.13 {Angstrom}, indicating an outwards shift of the first layer Ni atoms. We are unable to assign a unique structure to ({radical}3 {times} {radical}3)R30{degree}S/Ni(111). An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of ARPEFS as an experimental and analytic technique is presented, along with a summary of problems still to be addressed.
Schach von Wittenau, A.E.
Best practice techniques for environmental radiological monitoring
Best practice techniques for environmental radiological monitoring Science Report SC030308/SR SCHO0407BMNL-E-P #12;ii Science Report Best Practice Techniques for Environmental Radiological #12;iv Science Report Best Practice Techniques for Environmental Radiological Monitoring Executive
Architectural Techniques For Managing Non-volatile Caches
As chip power dissipation becomes a critical challenge in scaling processor performance, computer architects are forced to fundamentally rethink the design of modern processors and hence, the chip-design industry is now at a major inflection point in its hardware roadmap. The high leakage power and low density of SRAM poses serious obstacles in its use for designing large on-chip caches and for this reason, researchers are exploring non-volatile memory (NVM) devices, such as spin torque transfer RAM, phase change RAM and resistive RAM. However, since NVMs are not strictly superior to SRAM, effective architectural techniques are required for making them a universal memory solution. This book discusses techniques for designing processor caches using NVM devices. It presents algorithms and architectures for improving their energy efficiency, performance and lifetime. It also provides both qualitative and quantitative evaluation to help the reader gain insights and motivate them to explore further. This book will be highly useful for beginners as well as veterans in computer architecture, chip designers, product managers and technical marketing professionals.
Mittal, Sparsh [ORNL] ORNL
Simultaneous maximum-likelihood reconstruction for x-ray grating based phase-contrast tomography avoiding intermediate phase retrieval
Phase-wrapping artifacts, statistical image noise and the need for a minimum amount of phase steps per projection limit the practicability of x-ray grating based phase-contrast tomography, when using filtered back projection reconstruction. For conventional x-ray computed tomography, the use of statistical iterative reconstruction algorithms has successfully reduced artifacts and statistical issues. In this work, an iterative reconstruction method for grating based phase-contrast tomography is presented. The method avoids the intermediate retrieval of absorption, differential phase and dark field projections. It directly reconstructs tomographic cross sections from phase stepping projections by the use of a forward projecting imaging model and an appropriate likelihood function. The likelihood function is then maximized with an iterative algorithm. The presented method is tested with tomographic data obtained through a wave field simulation of grating based phase-contrast tomography. The reconstruction result...
Ritter, Andr�; Durst, J�rgen; G�del, Karl; Haas, Wilhelm; Michel, Thilo; Rieger, Jens; Weber, Thomas; Wucherer, Lukas; Anton, Gisela
Cardiac C-arm computed tomography using a 3D + time ROI reconstruction method with spatial and temporal regularization
Purpose: Reconstruction of the beating heart in 3D + time in the catheter laboratory using only the available C-arm system would improve diagnosis, guidance, device sizing, and outcome control for intracardiac interventions, e.g., electrophysiology, valvular disease treatment, structural or congenital heart disease. To obtain such a reconstruction, the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) must be recorded during the acquisition and used in the reconstruction. In this paper, the authors present a 4D reconstruction method aiming to reconstruct the heart from a single sweep 10 s acquisition. Methods: The authors introduce the 4D RecOnstructiOn using Spatial and TEmporal Regularization (short 4D ROOSTER) method, which reconstructs all cardiac phases at once, as a 3D + time volume. The algorithm alternates between a reconstruction step based on conjugate gradient and four regularization steps: enforcing positivity, averaging along time outside a motion mask that contains the heart and vessels, 3D spatial total variation minimization, and 1D temporal total variation minimization. Results: 4D ROOSTER recovers the different temporal representations of a moving Shepp and Logan phantom, and outperforms both ECG-gated simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique and prior image constrained compressed sensing on a clinical case. It generates 3D + time reconstructions with sharp edges which can be used, for example, to estimate the patient's left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: 4D ROOSTER can be applied for human cardiac C-arm CT, and potentially in other dynamic tomography areas. It can easily be adapted to other problems as regularization is decoupled from projection and back projection.
Mory, Cyril, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Universit� Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Universit� Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex (France); Philips Research Medisys, 33 rue de Verdun, 92156 Suresnes (France); Auvray, Vincent; Zhang, Bo [Philips Research Medisys, 33 rue de Verdun, 92156 Suresnes (France)] [Philips Research Medisys, 33 rue de Verdun, 92156 Suresnes (France); Grass, Michael; Sch�fer, Dirk [Philips Research, R�ntgenstrasse 24�26, D-22335 Hamburg (Germany)] [Philips Research, R�ntgenstrasse 24�26, D-22335 Hamburg (Germany); Chen, S. James; Carroll, John D. [Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045 (United States)] [Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045 (United States); Rit, Simon [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon (France) [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon (France); Universit� Lyon 1 (France); Centre L�on B�rard, 28 rue La�nnec, F-69373 Lyon (France); Peyrin, Fran�oise [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Universit� Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Universit� Lyon 1, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex (France); X-ray Imaging Group, European Synchrotron, Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex (France); Douek, Philippe; Boussel, Lo�c [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon (France) [Universit� de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon (France); Universit� Lyon 1 (France); Hospices Civils de Lyon, 28 Avenue du Doyen Jean L�pine, 69500 Bron (France)
Coronary artery wall imaging in mice using osmium tetroxide and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)
The high spatial resolution of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is ideal for 3D imaging of coronary arteries in intact mouse heart specimens. Previously, micro-CT of mouse heart specimens utilized intravascular contrast agents that hardened within the vessel lumen and allowed a vascular cast to be made. However, for mouse coronary artery disease models, it is highly desirable to image coronary artery walls and highlight plaques. For this purpose, we describe an ex vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT imaging technique based on tissue staining with osmium tetroxide (OsO{sub 4}) solution. As a tissue-staining contrast agent, OsO{sub 4} is retained in the vessel wall and surrounding tissue during the fixation process and cleared from the vessel lumens. Its high X-ray attenuation makes the artery wall visible in CT. Additionally, since OsO{sub 4} preferentially binds to lipids, it highlights lipid deposition in the artery wall. We performed micro-CT of heart specimens of 5- to 25-week-old C57BL/6 wild-type mice and 5- to 13-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE{sup -/-}) mice at 10 {mu}m resolution. The results show that walls of coronary arteries as small as 45 {mu}m in diameter are visible using a table-top micro-CT scanner. Similar image clarity was achieved with 1/2000th the scan time using a synchrotron CT scanner. In 13-week-old apoE mice, lipid-rich plaques are visible in the aorta. Our study shows that the combination of OsO{sub 4} and micro-CT permits the visualization of the coronary artery wall in intact mouse hearts.
Pai, Vinay M.; Kozlowski, Megan; Donahue, Danielle; Miller, Elishiah; Xiao, Xianghui; Chen, Marcus Y.; Yu, Zu-Xi; Connelly, Patricia; Jeffries, Kenneth; Wen, Han (NIH)
Molecular Ecology of Pyrethroid Knockdown Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens Mosquitoes
with resistance to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Mol Genassociated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. InsectShort report: permethrin and DDT resistance in the malaria
E-Print Network 3.0 - abrasion resistance assessment Sample Search...
materials including work with animals) Disposable nitrile gloves Puncture, abrasion resistant... chemical resistant gloves Nitrile gloves Chemical resistant, good puncture, cut,...
Neutron Computed Tomography of Freeze/thaw Phenomena in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
This report summarizes the final year's progress of the three-year NEER program. The overall objectives of this program were to 1) design and construct a sophisticated hight-resolution neutron computed tomography (NCT) facility, 2) develop novel and sophisticated liquid water and ice quantification analysis software for computed tomography, and 3) apply the advanced software and NCT capability to study liquid and ice distribution in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) under cold-start conditions. These objectives have been accomplished by the research team, enabling a new capability for advanced 3D image quantification with neutron imaging for fuel cell and other applications. The NCT water quantification methodology and software will greatly add to the capabilities of the neutron imaging community, and the quantified liquid water and ice distribution provided by its application to PEFCs will enhance understanding and guide design in the fuel cell community.
Matthew M. Mech; Jack Brenizer; Kenan Unlu; A.K. Heller
Stratigraphic statistical curvature analysis techniques
SCAT applies statistical techniques to dipmeter data to identify patterns of bulk curvature, determine transverse and longitudinal structural directions, and reconstruct cross sections and contour maps. STRAT-SCAT applies the same concepts to geometric interpretation of multistoried unimodal, bimodal, or trough-type cross-bedding and also to seismic stratigraphy-scale stratigraphic structures. Structural dip, which comprises the bulk of dipmeter data, is related to beds that (statistically) were deposited with horizontal attitudes; stratigraphic dip is related to beds that were deposited with preferentially oriented nonhorizontal attitudes or to beds that assumed such attitudes because of differential compaction. Stratigraphic dip generates local zones of departure from structural dip on special SCAT plots. The RMS (root-mean-square) of apparent structural dip is greatest in the (structural) T-direction and least in the perpendicular L-direction; the RMS of stratigraphic dip (measured with respect to structural dip) is greatest in the stratigraphic T*-direction and least in the stratigraphic L*-direction. Multistoried, cross-bedding appears on T*-plots as local zones of either greater scatter or statistically significant departure of stratigraphic median dip from structural dip. In contrast, the L*-plot (except for trough-type cross-bedding) is sensitive to cross-bedding. Seismic stratigraphy-scale depositional sequences are identified on Mercator dip versus azimuth plots and polar tangent plots as secondary cylindrical-fold patterns imposed on global structural patterns. Progradational sequences generate local cycloid-type patterns on T*-plots, and compactional sequences generate local cycloid-type patterns on T*-plots, and compactional sequences generate local half-cusp patterns. Both features, however, show only structural dip on L*-plots.
Bengtson, C.A.; Ziagos, J.P.
Assessment of 2D resistivity structures using 1D inversions
) E. R. Hoskins (Head of Departsnent) May 1987 ABSTRACT Assessment of 2D Resistivity Structures Using 1D Inversion. (May 1987) Les Paul Beard, B. S. , East Texas State University Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr. Frank Dale Morgan Resistivity... sections from Schlumberger soundings over and near normal fault. 4. 11 Inverted sections from Wenner soundings over and near nornral fault 4. 12 Schlumberger apparent resistivity contour for normal fault 4. 13 Wenner apparenl resistivity contour...
Beard, Les Paul
High-Q operation of SRF cavities: The potential impact of thermocurrents on the RF surface resistance
For many new accelerator applications, superconducting radio frequency (SRF) systems are the enabling technology. In particular for CW applications, much effort is being expended to minimize the power dissipation (surface resistance) of niobium cavities. Starting in 2009, we suggested a means of reducing the residual resistance by performing a thermal cycle [1], a procedure of warming up a cavity after initial cooldown to about 20K and cooling it down again. In subsequent studies [2], this technique was used to manipulate the residual resistance by more than a factor of 2. It was postulated that thermocurrents during cooldown generate additional trapped magnetic flux that impacts the cavity quality factor. Here, we present a more extensive study that includes measurements of two additional passband modes and that confirms the effect. In this paper, we also discuss simulations that support the claim. While the layout of the cavity LHe tank system is cylindrically symmetric, we show that the temperature depende...
Vogt, J -M; Knobloch, J
A simple setup for neutron tomography at the Portuguese Nuclear Research Reactor
A simple setup for neutron radiography and tomography was recently installed at the Portuguese Research Reactor. The objective of this work was to determine the operational characteristics of the installed setup, namely the irradiation time to obtain the best dynamic range for individual images and the spatial resolution. The performance of the equipment was demonstrated by imaging a fragment of a 17th century decorative tile.
M. A. Stanojev Pereira; J. G. Marques; R. Pugliesi
Vacuum photodiode detectors for soft x-ray ITER plasma tomography
A special type of vacuum photodiode detector (VPD) for x-ray tomography of (ITER) plasma is described. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that VPD has high sensitivity to thermal x-rays and low sensitivity to hard gamma rays and neutrons. It was shown that in ITER environment the signal due to thermal x-rays will surpass the background signal by more than a factor of 100.
Gott, Yu.V.; Stepanenko, M.M. [RRC, Nuclear Fusion Institute, Kurchatov sq.1, Moscow, 123182 (Russian Federation)
Measurement of bubble sizes in fluidised beds using electrical capacitance tomography
-mail address: email@example.com (D.J. Holland). 1 Now at the Ocean Science & Technology Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China. 2 Now at the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New... Measurement of bubble sizes in fluidised beds using electrical capacitance tomography T.C. Chandrasekera, Y. Li 1, D. Moody, M.A. Schnellmann, J.S. Dennis, D.J. Holland n,2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University...
Chandrasekera, T. C.; Li, Y.; Moody, D.; Schnellmann, M. A.; Dennis, J. S.; Holland, D. J.
Barium Titanate Nanoparticles as Exogenous Contrast Agents in Second Harmonic Optical Coherence Tomography
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Brian Applegate Committee Members, Kristen Maitland Jim Ji Head of Department, Gerard Cote May 2013 Major Subject: Biomedical Engineering...-OCT without producing inferior reflector artifacts. 38 REFERENCES Applegate, Brian. (2004). Polarization-resolved Second-harmonic-generation Optical Coherence Tomography in Collagen. Optics Letters, 29(19), 2252-2254. H?usler G., Lindner M. W...
Pearson, Jeremy T
On single qubit quantum process tomography for trace-preserving and nontrace-preserving maps
We review single-qubit quantum process tomography for trace-preserving and nontrace-preserving processes, and derive explicit forms of the general constraints for fitting experimental data. These forms provide additional insight into the structure of the process matrix as well as reveal a tighter bound on the trace of a nontrace-preserving process than has been previously stated. We also describe, for completeness, how to incorporate measured imperfect input states.
Ramesh Bhandari; Nicholas A. Peters
on advanced passive cooling techniques. Systems Analysis andand fabrica- tion techniques. Cooling Systems Research. This
Gadgil, A.
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus requires glycosylated wall teichoic acids
-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) residues to S. aureus WTAs. We report that methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is sensitized to -lactams for MRSA resistance. The -O-GlcNAc transferase identified here, TarS, is a unique target for antimicrobials that sensitize MRSA to -lactams. PBP2A | antibiotic resistance | beta lactam potentiation | murein | WTA
Gleeson, Joseph G.
High-temperature quenching of electrical resistance in graphene interconnects
into the chip interconnect design the materials with low electrical resistance and high thermal con- ductivity dependence of the resistance were explained by the thermal generation of the electron-hole pairs and carrier, increased total thermal boundary resistance of the chip layers, incorporation of the alternative dielectric
Original article Comparison of resistance of various poultry lines
Original article Comparison of resistance of various poultry lines to infection by Salmonella to determine the susceptibility or resistance of 9 outbred experi- mental or commercial poultry lines concerning caecal carriage. poultry / genetic resistance I Salmonella / infection Résumé ― Comparaison
Convexity of resistive n-ports F. Reza (*)
L-103 Convexity of resistive n-ports F. Reza (*) (Reçu le 25 septembre 1979, accepte le 8 janvier resistive n-ports manifest convex (downward concave) property in view of their positive definite character. Several useful theorems for resistive n-ports are proved by electrical circuit conside- rations
Optimal experiment design for time-lapse traveltime tomography
Geophysical monitoring techniques offer the only noninvasive approach capable of assessing both the spatial and temporal dynamics of subsurface fluid processes. Increasingly, permanent sensor arrays in boreholes and on the ocean floor are being deployed to improve the repeatability and increase the temporal sampling of monitoring surveys. Because permanent arrays require a large up-front capital investment and are difficult (or impossible) to re-configure once installed, a premium is placed on selecting a geometry capable of imaging the desired target at minimum cost. We present a simple approach to optimizing downhole sensor configurations for monitoring experiments making use of differential seismic traveltimes. In our case, we use a design quality metric based on the accuracy of tomographic reconstructions for a suite of imaging targets. By not requiring an explicit singular value decomposition of the forward operator, evaluation of this objective function scales to problems with a large number of unknowns. We also restrict the design problem by recasting the array geometry into a low dimensional form more suitable for optimization at a reasonable computational cost. We test two search algorithms on the design problem: the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method and the Multilevel Coordinate Search algorithm. The algorithm is tested for four crosswell acquisition scenarios relevant to continuous seismic monitoring, a two parameter array optimization, several scenarios involving four parameter length/offset optimizations, and a comparison of optimal multi-source designs. In the last case, we also examine trade-offs between source sparsity and the quality of tomographic reconstructions. One general observation is that asymmetric array lengths improve localized image quality in crosswell experiments with a small number of sources and a large number of receivers. Preliminary results also suggest that high-quality differential images can be generated using only a small number of optimally positioned sources.
Ajo-Franklin, J.B.
Identification of DNA marker for root-knot nematode resistance gene and characterization of disease resistance gene candidates in cotton
of root-knot nematode resistance (RNR) in Auburn 623 - one of the most desirable sources for RNR in Upland cottons, identification of DNA markers for the RNR genes and characterization of disease resistance gene candidates in cotton. Genetic analysis...
He, Limei
Radiation resistant austenitic stainless steel alloys
An austenitic stainless steel alloy, with improved resistance to radiation-induced swelling and helium embrittlement, and improved resistance to thermal creep at high temperatures, consisting essentially of, by weight percent: from 16 to 18% nickel; from 13 to 17% chromium; from 2 to 3% molybdenum; from 1.5 to 2.5% manganese; from 0.01 to 0.5% silicon; from 0.2 to 0.4% titanium; from 0.1 to 0.2% niobium; from 0.1 to 0.6% vanadium; from 0.06 to 0.12% carbon; from 0.01% to 0.03% nitrogen; from 0.03 to 0.08% phosphorus; from 0.005 to 0.01% boron; and the balance iron, and wherein the alloy may be thermomechanically treated to enhance physical and mechanical properties.
Maziasz, Philip J. (Oak Ridge, TN); Braski, David N. (Oak Ridge, TN); Rowcliffe, Arthur F. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Release Resistant Electrical Interconnections For Mems Devices
A release resistant electrical interconnection comprising a gold-based electrical conductor compression bonded directly to a highly-doped polysilicon bonding pad in a MEMS, IMEMS, or MOEMS device, without using any intermediate layers of aluminum, titanium, solder, or conductive adhesive disposed in-between the conductor and polysilicon pad. After the initial compression bond has been formed, subsequent heat treatment of the joint above 363 C creates a liquid eutectic phase at the bondline comprising gold plus approximately 3 wt % silicon, which, upon re-solidification, significantly improves the bond strength by reforming and enhancing the initial bond. This type of electrical interconnection is resistant to chemical attack from acids used for releasing MEMS elements (HF, HCL), thereby enabling the use of a "package-first, release-second" sequence for fabricating MEMS devices. Likewise, the bond strength of an Au--Ge compression bond may be increased by forming a transient liquid eutectic phase comprising Au-12 wt % Ge.
Peterson, Kenneth A. (Albuquerque, NM); Garrett, Stephen E. (Albuquerque, NM); Reber, Cathleen A. (Corrales, NM)
Sulfate and acid resistant concrete and mortar
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance. 6 figs.
Liskowitz, J.W.; Wecharatana, M.; Jaturapitakkul, C.; Cerkanowicz, A.E.
An austenitic stainless steel alloy, with improved resistance to radiation-induced swelling and helium embrittlement, and improved resistance to thermal creep at high temperatures, consisting essentially of, by weight percent: from 16 to 18% nickel; from 13 to 17% chromium; from 2 to 3% molybdenum; from 1.5 to 2.5% manganese; from 0.01 to 0.5% silicon; from 0.2 to 0.4% titanium; from 0.1 to 0.2% niobium; from 0.1 to 0.6% vanadium; from 0.06 to 0.12% carbon; from 0.01 to 0.03% nitrogen; from 0.03 to 0.08% phosphorus; from 0.005 to 0.01% boron; and the balance iron, and wherein the alloy may be thermomechanically treated to enhance physical and mechanical properties. 4 figs.
Maziasz, P.J.; Braski, D.N.; Rowcliffe, A.F.
The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance.
Liskowitz, John W. (Belle Mead, NJ); Wecharatana, Methi (Parsippany, NJ); Jaturapitakkul, Chai (Bangkok, TH); Cerkanowicz, deceased, Anthony E. (late of Livingston, NJ)
A device (10) is made, having a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer (16) characterized by a microstructure having gaps (18) with a sintering inhibiting material (22) disposed on the columns (20) within the gaps (18). The sintering resistant material (22) is stable over the range of operating temperatures of the device (10), is not soluble with the underlying ceramic layer (16) and is applied by a process that is not an electron beam physical vapor deposition process.
Subramanian, Ramesh; Seth, Brij B.
Greenbug-resistance Studies with Small Grains.
insects. Such varieties may not be immune from attack, but insect populations increase on them more slowly; therefore, they are more readily controlled with chemicals when necessary. Greenbug-resistance studies were initiated at Substation No. 6.... Gardenhire and D. E. Weibel* HE GREENBUG (Toxoptera (Rond.)), among several aphids that attack small grains, is one of the most damaging insects of small- grain crops in the United States. Fifteen serious outbreaks have oc- curred since 1882, 10...
Chada, H. L.; Atkins, I. M.; Gardenhire, J. H.; Weibl, D. E.
A device for a vehicle with a pair of swinging rear doors, which converts flat sheets of pliable material hinged to the sides of the vehicle adjacent the rear thereof into effective curved airfoils that reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle, when the doors are closed by hand, utilizing a plurality of stiffeners disposed generally parallel to the doors and affixed to the sheets and a plurality of collapsible tension bearings struts attached to each stiffener and the adjacent door.
Sensing of buried wastes through resistivity measurements
electrodes to simulate a two-dimensional electric field distribution with tap water as the medium. Model boreholes were introduced into the tank, incorporating regularly spaced linear electrodes, which were used for electrical transmission and reception... of the half- space based on the electrode configuration chosen. It should be possible to generate contours of contaminant concentration based on electrical resistivity values across an entire site from only a few bore holes, representing a major economy...
Reddy, Bollam Muralidhar
Novel Attrition-Resistant Fischer Tropsch Catalyst
There is a strong national interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process because it offers the possibility of making liquid hydrocarbon fuels from reformed natural gas or coal and biomass gasification products. This project explored a new approach that had been developed to produce active, attrition-resistant Fischer-Tropsch catalysts that are based on glass-ceramic materials and technology. This novel approach represented a promising solution to the problem of reducing or eliminating catalyst attrition and maximizing catalytic activity, thus reducing costs. The technical objective of the Phase I work was to demonstrate that glass-ceramic based catalytic materials for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis have resistance to catalytic deactivation and reduction of particle size superior to traditional supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst materials. Additionally, these novel glass-ceramic-based materials were expected to exhibit catalytic activity similar to the traditional materials. If successfully developed, the attrition-resistant Fischer-Tropsch catalyst materials would be expected to result in significant technical, economic, and social benefits for both producers and public consumers of Fischer-Tropsch products such as liquid fuels from coal or biomass gasification. This program demonstrated the anticipated high attrition resistance of the glass-ceramic materials. However, the observed catalytic activity of the materials was not sufficient to justify further development at this time. Additional testing documented that a lack of pore volume in the glass-ceramic materials limited the amount of surface area available for catalysis and consequently limited catalytic activity. However, previous work on glass-ceramic catalysts to promote other reactions demonstrated that commercial levels of activity can be achieved, at least for those reactions. Therefore, we recommend that glass-ceramic materials be considered again as potential Fischer-Tropsch catalysts if it can be demonstrated that materials with adequate pore volume can be produced. During the attrition resistance tests, it was learned that the glass-ceramic materials are very abrasive. Attention should be paid in any further developmental efforts to the potential for these hard, abrasive materials to damage reactors.
Weast, Logan, E.; Staats, William, R.
Fundamentals and Techniques of Nonimaging
This is the final report describing a long term basic research program in nonimaging optics that has led to major advances in important areas, including solar energy, fiber optics, illumination techniques, light detectors, and a great many other applications. The term ''nonimaging optics'' refers to the optics of extended sources in systems for which image forming is not important, but effective and efficient collection, concentration, transport, and distribution of light energy is. Although some of the most widely known developments of the early concepts have been in the field of solar energy, a broad variety of other uses have emerged. Most important, under the auspices of this program in fundamental research in nonimaging optics established at the University of Chicago with support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Department of Energy, the field has become very dynamic, with new ideas and concepts continuing to develop, while applications of the early concepts continue to be pursued. While the subject began as part of classical geometrical optics, it has been extended subsequently to the wave optics domain. Particularly relevant to potential new research directions are recent developments in the formalism of statistical and wave optics, which may be important in understanding energy transport on the nanoscale. Nonimaging optics permits the design of optical systems that achieve the maximum possible concentration allowed by physical conservation laws. The earliest designs were constructed by optimizing the collection of the extreme rays from a source to the desired target: the so-called ''edge-ray'' principle. Later, new concentrator types were generated by placing reflectors along the flow lines of the ''vector flux'' emanating from lambertian emitters in various geometries. A few years ago, a new development occurred with the discovery that making the design edge-ray a functional of some other system parameter permits the construction of whole new classes of devices with greatly expanded capabilities compared to conventional approaches. These ''tailored edge-ray'' designs have dramatically broadened the range of geometries in which nonimaging optics can provide a significant performance improvement. Considerable progress continues to be made in furthering the incorporation of nonimaging secondaries into practical high concentration and ultra-high concentration solar collector systems. In parallel with the continuing development of nonimaging geometrical optics, our group has been working to develop an understanding of certain fundamental physical optics concepts in the same context. In particular, our study of the behavior of classical radiance in nonimaging systems, has revealed some fundamentally important new understandings that we have pursued both theoretically and experimentally. The field is still relatively new and is rapidly gaining widespread recognition because it fuels many industrial applications. Because of this, during the final years of the project, our group at Chicago has been working more closely with a team of industrial scientists from Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) at first informally, and later more formally, beginning in 1998, under a formal program initiated by the Department of Energy and incrementally funded through this existing grant. This collaboration has been very fruitful and has led to new conceptual breakthroughs which have provided the foundation for further exciting growth. Many of these concepts are described in some detail in the report.
O'Gallagher, J. J.; Winston, R.
Design of radiation resistant metallic multilayers for advanced nuclear systems
Helium implantation from transmutation reactions is a major cause of embrittlement and dimensional instability of structural components in nuclear energy systems. Development of novel materials with improved radiation resistance, which is of the utmost importance for progress in nuclear energy, requires guidelines to arrive at favorable parameters more efficiently. Here, we present a methodology that can be used for the design of radiation tolerant materials. We used synchrotron X-ray reflectivity to nondestructively study radiation effects at buried interfaces and measure swelling induced by He implantation in Cu/Nb multilayers. The results, supported by transmission electron microscopy, show a direct correlation between reduced swelling in nanoscale multilayers and increased interface area per unit volume, consistent with helium storage in Cu/Nb interfaces in forms that minimize dimensional changes. In addition, for Cu/Nb layers, a linear relationship is demonstrated between the measured depth-dependent swelling and implanted He density from simulations, making the reflectivity technique a powerful tool for heuristic material design.
Zhernenkov, Mikhail, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Gill, Simerjeet, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Stanic, Vesna; DiMasi, Elaine; Kisslinger, Kim; Ecker, Lynne [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (United States); Baldwin, J. Kevin; Misra, Amit [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Demkowicz, M. J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)
Stability, Wear Resistance, and Microstructure of Iron, Cobalt and Nickel-based Hardfacing Alloys
Laser processing techniques, used to improve the wear resistance of metals, became feasible with the advent of high power continuous wave carbon dioxide lasers (CW-C02). The technology has not yet been fully exploited by researchers in the area... kindly provided by ESAB AB (Sweden) and by the Welding Institute. I am especially grateful to Dr. P. Oakley, Dr. L-E-Svensson and Dr. B. Ulander for arranging the provision of alloys and for their cooperation throughout the course of this work. I would...
Atamert, Serdar
Thermal boundary resistance and diffusivity measurements on thin YBa2Cu307--x films with MgO and SrTi03 substrates using the transient
O and SrTiOs substrates. The anisotropic YBazCu30,-, thermal diffusivity constants and the thermal boundary, are performed to obtain information on thermal diffusivity and to demonstrate the applicability of the technique the thermal diffusivity con- stants and boundary resistance in thin films of YBCO on MgO crystalline
Fayer, Michael D.
Efficient Algorithmic Techniques for Several Multidimensional ...
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, firstname.lastname@example.com. Abstract: In this paper I present several novel, efficient, algorithmic techniques for.
Eddy current technique for predicting burst pressure
A signal processing technique which correlates eddy current inspection data from a tube having a critical tubing defect with a range of predicted burst pressures for the tube is provided. The method can directly correlate the raw eddy current inspection data representing the critical tubing defect with the range of burst pressures using a regression technique, preferably an artificial neural network. Alternatively, the technique deconvolves the raw eddy current inspection data into a set of undistorted signals, each of which represents a separate defect of the tube. The undistorted defect signal which represents the critical tubing defect is related to a range of burst pressures utilizing a regression technique.
Petri, Mark C. (Yorkville, IL); Kupperman, David S. (Oak Park, IL); Morman, James A. (Woodridge, IL); Reifman, Jaques (Western Springs, IL); Wei, Thomas Y. C. (Downers Grove, IL)
Uncertainty Quantification Techniques for Sensor Calibration...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Uncertainty Quantification Techniques for Sensor Calibration Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants Re-direct Destination: This report describes research towards the development of...
Computer vision techniques for underwater navigation
DCS) Chapter 2 Computer Vision . . 2.1 Labeling . . . . 2.2OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Computer Vision Techniques fordegree Master of Science in Computer Science by Christopher
Barngrover, Christopher M.
Uncertainty Quantification Techniques for Sensor Calibration Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants Re-direct Destination: Temp Data Fields Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Lin, Guang; Crawford,...
Airborne electromagnetic surveys as a reconnaissance technique...
Airborne electromagnetic surveys as a reconnaissance technique for geothermal exploration Abstract INPUT airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys were conducted during 1979 in five...
Optimization Online - Smoothing techniques for solving semidefinite ...
Oct 5, 2009 ... Smoothing techniques for solving semidefinite programs with many constraints. Michael B rgisser(michael.buergisser ***at*** ifor.math.ethz.ch)
Michael B rgisser
E-Print Network 3.0 - antimicrobial resistance prevalence Sample...
resistant bacteria and resistance... : Antimicrobial; ... Source: Singer, Randall - College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota Collection: Biology and...
E-Print Network 3.0 - antimalarial drug resistance Sample Search...
disease pathophysiology, drug resistance... and antimalarial resistance, and optimising treatments for pregnant women melioidosis - conducting clinical... treatments,...
Percutaneous Extraction of Cement Leakage After Vertebroplasty Under CT and Fluoroscopy Guidance: A New Technique
Purpose: We report a new minimally invasive technique of extraction of cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in adults. Methods: Seven adult patients (five women, two men; mean age: 81 years) treated for vertebral compression fractures by percutaneous vertebroplasty had cement leakage into perivertebral soft tissues along the needle route. Immediately after vertebroplasty, the procedure of extraction was performed under computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy guidance: a Chiba needle was first inserted using the same route as the vertebroplasty until contact was obtained with the cement fragment. This needle was then used as a guide for an 11-gauge Trocar t'am (Thiebaud, France). After needle withdrawal, a 13-gauge endoscopy clamp was inserted through the cannula to extract the cement fragments. The whole procedure was performed under local anesthesia. Results: In each patient, all cement fragments were withdrawn within 10 min, without complication. Conclusions: This report suggests that this CT- and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous technique of extraction could reduce the rate of cement leakage-related complications.
Amoretti, Nicolas, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Huwart, Laurent, E-mail: email@example.com [Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Department of Radiology (France)
Patient radiation dose in prospectively gated axial CT coronary angiography and retrospectively gated helical technique with a 320-detector row CT scanner
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation dose to patients undergoing computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) for prospectively gated axial (PGA) technique and retrospectively gated helical (RGH) technique. Methods: Radiation doses were measured for a 320-detector row CT scanner (Toshiba Aquilion ONE) using small sized silicon-photodiode dosimeters, which were implanted at various tissue and organ positions within an anthropomorphic phantom for a standard Japanese adult male. Output signals from photodiode dosimeters were read out on a personal computer, from which organ and effective doses were computed according to guidelines published in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103. Results: Organs that received high doses were breast, followed by lung, esophagus, and liver. Breast doses obtained with PGA technique and a phase window width of 16% at a simulated heart rate of 60 beats per minute were 13 mGy compared to 53 mGy with RGH technique using electrocardiographically dependent dose modulation at the same phase window width as that in PGA technique. Effective doses obtained in this case were 4.7 and 20 mSv for the PGA and RGH techniques, respectively. Conversion factors of dose length product to the effective dose in PGA and RGH were 0.022 and 0.025 mSv mGy{sup -1} cm{sup -1} with a scan length of 140 mm. Conclusions: CTCA performed with PGA technique provided a substantial effective dose reduction, i.e., 70%-76%, compared to RGH technique using the dose modulation at the same phase windows as those in PGA technique. Though radiation doses in CTCA with RGH technique were the same level as, or some higher than, those in conventional coronary angiography (CCA), the use of PGA technique reduced organ and effective doses to levels less than CCA except for breast dose.
Seguchi, Shigenobu; Aoyama, Takahiko; Koyama, Shuji; Fujii, Keisuke; Yamauchi-Kawaura, Chiyo [Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan) and Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Myouken-chou, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8650 (Japan); Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan); Section of Radiological Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673 (Japan)
Efficient Techniques of ANN-Based Microwave
.g., sintering) MW NDE/NDT Technique Where Used W F CW F CW F CW F C WorkshopWorkshopWorkshopWorkshop #12 in closed systems an attractive technology of NDE/NDT capable of serving many practical needs. W F CW F CW of all the proposed techniques: NDE/NDT of objects in closed systems (resonators or waveguides
Yakovlev, Vadim
Opto-electrokinetic manipulation technique for highperformance
This communication first demonstrates bio-compatibility of a recently developed opto-electrokinetic manipulation technique, using microorganisms. Aggregation, patterning, translation, trapping and size-based separation of microorganisms performed with the technique firmly establishes its usefulness for development of a high-performance on-chip bioassay system.
Kwon, Jae-Sung [Purdue University; Ravindranath, Sandeep [Purdue University; Kumar, Aloke [ORNL; Irudayaraj, Joseph [Purdue University; Wereley, Steven T. [Purdue University
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging of Residual Skull Base Chordoma Before Radiotherapy Using Fluoromisonidazole and Fluorodeoxyglucose: Potential Consequences for Dose Painting
Purpose: To detect the presence of hypoxic tissue, which is known to increase the radioresistant phenotype, by its uptake of fluoromisonidazole (18F) (FMISO) using hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, and to compare it with the glucose-avid tumor tissue imaged with fluorodeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG), in residual postsurgical skull base chordoma scheduled for radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: Seven patients with incompletely resected skull base chordomas were planned for high-dose radiotherapy (dose {>=}70 Gy). All 7 patients underwent FDG and FMISO PET/CT. Images were analyzed qualitatively by visual examination and semiquantitatively by computing the ratio of the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the tumor and cerebellum (T/C R), with delineation of lesions on conventional imaging. Results: Of the eight lesion sites imaged with FDG PET/CT, only one was visible, whereas seven of nine lesions were visible on FMISO PET/CT. The median SUVmax in the tumor area was 2.8 g/mL (minimum 2.1; maximum 3.5) for FDG and 0.83 g/mL (minimum 0.3; maximum 1.2) for FMISO. The T/C R values ranged between 0.30 and 0.63 for FDG (median, 0.41) and between 0.75 and 2.20 for FMISO (median,1.59). FMISO T/C R >1 in six lesions suggested the presence of hypoxic tissue. There was no correlation between FMISO and FDG uptake in individual chordomas (r = 0.18, p = 0.7). Conclusion: FMISO PET/CT enables imaging of the hypoxic component in residual chordomas. In the future, it could help to better define boosted volumes for irradiation and to overcome the radioresistance of these lesions. No relationship was founded between hypoxia and glucose metabolism in these tumors after initial surgery.
Mammar, Hamid, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Radiation Oncology Department, Antoine Lacassagne Center, Nice (France) [Radiation Oncology Department, Antoine Lacassagne Center, Nice (France); CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice (France); Kerrou, Khaldoun; Nataf, Valerie [Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy, Tenon Hospital, and University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France)] [Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy, Tenon Hospital, and University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France); Pontvert, Dominique [Proton Therapy Center of Orsay, Curie Institute, Paris (France)] [Proton Therapy Center of Orsay, Curie Institute, Paris (France); Clemenceau, Stephane [Department of Neurosurgery, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris (France)] [Department of Neurosurgery, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris (France); Lot, Guillaume [Department of Neurosurgery, Adolph De Rothschild Foundation, Paris (France)] [Department of Neurosurgery, Adolph De Rothschild Foundation, Paris (France); George, Bernard [Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris (France)] [Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris (France); Polivka, Marc [Department of Pathology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris (France)] [Department of Pathology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris (France); Mokhtari, Karima [Department of Pathology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris (France)] [Department of Pathology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris (France); Ferrand, Regis; Feuvret, Loiec; Habrand, Jean-louis [Proton Therapy Center of Orsay, Curie Institute, Paris (France)] [Proton Therapy Center of Orsay, Curie Institute, Paris (France); Pouyssegur, Jacques; Mazure, Nathalie [CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice (France)] [CNRS-UMR 6543, Institute of Developmental Biology and Cancer, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice (France); Talbot, Jean-Noeel [Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy, Tenon Hospital, and University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France)] [Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy, Tenon Hospital, and University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (France)
Proliferation resistance criteria for fissile material disposition
The 1994 National Academy of Sciences study {open_quotes}Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium{close_quotes} defined options for reducing the national and international proliferation risks of materials declared excess to the nuclear weapons program. This report proposes criteria for assessing the proliferation resistance of these options. The criteria are general, encompassing all stages of the disposition process from storage through intermediate processing to final disposition including the facilities, processing technologies and materials, the level of safeguards for these materials, and the national/subnational threat to the materials.
Close, D.A.; Fearey, B.L.; Markin, J.T.; Rutherford, D.A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Duggan, R.A.; Jaeger, C.D.; Mangan, D.L.; Moya, R.W.; Moore, L.R. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Strait, R.S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Erosion resistant elbow for solids conveyance
An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprising a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe.
Everett, James W. (New Stanton, PA)
Corrosion Resistance of Niobium Alloys in Lithium
NbP1-1 niobium and NV-7, NTsU, and 5VMTs alloys, the chemical composition of which and the experimental method for were presented earlier, were investigated. The specimens were heat treated after which they were held in lithium. It was shown that in long holds of niobium alloys in lithium at temperatures below 1050/sup 0/C, the increase in their corrosion resistance is obtained not by combining the oxygen in oxides, but by the increase in the equilibrium concentration of oxygen in the investigated material by solid solution alloying of it with a metal more active toward oxygen.
Ignativ, M.I.
An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprises a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe. 4 figs.
Everett, J.W.
Solvent-resistant microporous polymide membranes
An asymmetric microporous membrane with exceptional solvent resistance and highly desirable permeability is disclosed. The membrane is made by a solution-casting or solution-spinning process from a copolyamic acid comprising the condensation reaction product in a solvent of at least three reactants selected from certain diamines and dianhydrides and post-treated to imidize and in some cases cross-link the copolyamic acid. The membrane is useful as an uncoated membrane for ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and membrane contactor applications, or may be used as a support for a permselective coating to form a composite membrane useful in gas separations, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, pervaporation, or vapor permeation.
Miller, W.K.; McCray, S.B.; Friesen, D.T.
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