text:
An improved process for the preparation of sand cores for foundry use in metal casting by mixing sand with a binder, and packing into a mold to harden. The improvement in the process resides in using as the binder an oxazoline or condensation product thereof.
1. In the foundry process of mixing foundry sand with a binding amount of up to 10% by weight based on said sand of a no-bake binder to thereby form a foundry mix, said no-bake binder being (a) as a first part, a synthetic drying oil , and (b) as a second part, polyisocyanate; from 10-50 weight percent polyisocyanate being present based on the weight of drying oil, the improvement consisting of using as said drying oil a mono-oxazoline corresponding to the formula ##EQU9## wherein R1 and R2 are methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl or acyloxymethyl corresponding to the formula ##EQU10## and are the same or different, R is hydrogen or an alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a bis- or trisoxazoline corresponding to the formula ##EQU11## where R3 is the group ##EQU12## wherein X1 is any divalent or trivalent saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of from 0 to 32 carbon atoms, and when X1 is divalent, R4 is hydrogen and when X1 is trivalent, R4 is the group ##EQU13## wherein Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon of 16 carbon atoms.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said drying oil is said mono-oxazoline wherein said mono-oxazoline is condensed with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a terminal Ch2 =C-- group in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight and wherein said condensate thereby obtained is further condensed with formaldehyde in an amount of about 3-10% by weight of said unsaturated monomer.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said binder comprises a mixture of said mono-oxazoline and about 5 to about 95% of said bis-oxazoline or tris-oxazoline.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said oxazoline is a mono-oxazoline.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said oxazoline is a bis-oxazoline and X' is a divalent saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 0 to 32 carbon atoms and R4 is hydrogen.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said oxazoline is a tris-oxazoline and X' is trivalent and R4 is the group ##EQU14## wherein Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon of 16 carbon atoms.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein R' and R2 are methyl or ethyl.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein R' and R2 are hydroxymethyl.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein R' and R2 are acyloxymethyl.
This is a division of copending application Ser. No. 378,366, filed 7/11/73, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,135.
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of sand cores for metal castings in the foundry industry.
In a particular aspect this invention relates to a 100% solids, essentially non-polluting binder for the sand.
In foundry practice, metal casting is conventionally carried out by mixing an aggregate, e.g. sand, with a foundry sand binder capable of hardening the aggregate, tamping it into a mold to form a sand/core and letting it stang for a period of time to allow the binder to set up whereby the sand core becomes self-supporting, and then removing the mold. The molten metal is subsequently poured into the sand core and when cool, the sand core is broken away. The resulting casting is then finished by grinding away the imperfections.
Many materials have been used as the binder in preparing such cores. Some binders are of a class of no-bake, or cold setting resins, i.e. designed to be cured without the application of heat, while others are of a class suitable for "hot box" application. "Hot box" means foundry operations wherein the resin binders are cured by the application of heat. Alkyd resins have been widely used as the binder. These resins are too viscous to be used alone however. It has therefore been necessary to dilute them with a solvent so that they can be adequately mixed with the sand. The sand core must then be baked to set the alkyd and volatilize the solvent.
This process for preparing the sand core is in widespread use but it presents several problems of considerable magnitude. Chief of these is the danger of fire from the solvent. Although the core is sometimes baked before the molten metal is poured into it, there is frequently considerable residual solvent, especially where large castings are being made. Consequently flash fires are common in foundries.
Another common problem is air pollution in the foundry atmosphere due to the emission of noxious fumes from decomposition of the binder resulting from the heat of the molten metal. Large quantities of irritating white smoke are common in foundries during the pouring step. Although exhaust fans and ventilation are provided, the workers closest to the operation are exposed and furthermore the air outside the foundry is polluted by the exhaust.
J. J. Engel et al discussed other problems and disclosed a solution thereto in U.S. Pat. No. 3,255,500, which is incorporated herein by reference thereto. Engel et al disclosed a binder composition consisting of drying oils containing ethylenic unsaturation such as the hydrocarbon polymers and copolymers prepared from butadiene, styrene, cyclopentadiene and the like, but preferably the alkyd resins having a hydroxyl value of at least 25. The drying oil is used in combination with isocyanates and solvents preferably with a catalyst.
It is an object of this invention to provide a solventfree, no-bake binder composition for preparation of sand cores.
It is another object of this invention to provide a binder composition having minimal air pollution potential.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a binder composition which does not cause or contribute to a fire hazard.
Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein.
It is the discovery of this invention that the binder for the preparation of sand cores can be provided by a member selected from the class of mono-, bis-or tris-oxazolines, or mixtures thereof. Many of these oxazolines are useful as is but when X in formula I below is H2, then the oxazoline can be modified when desired -- and when R in formula I is saturated they are so modified -- by condensing the oxazoline with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a terminal CH2 = C -
group and further condensing the compound thereby obtained with formaldehyde to introduce additional =CH2 groups. After mixing the oxazoline with the aggregate, a polyisocyanate can be mixed therewith, if desired, but not necessarily, as is known in the art.
The oxazoline compounds useful in the practice of this invention correspond to formula I ##EQU1## where R1 and R2 can be methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, or acyloxymethyl corresponding to the formula ##EQU2## and can be the same or different; R can be hydrogen or an alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, and X can be =CH2 or H2 ; or the binder can be supplied by compounds corresponding to formula (II) ##EQU3## where R3 can be the group ##EQU4## where X1 is any divalent or trivalent saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group including straight chain or branched chain, of from 0 to 32 carbon atoms. When X1 is divalent, R4 is hydrogen and when X1 is trivalent, R4 is the group ##EQU5## wherein Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical of 16 carbon atoms.
Some of these compounds are commercially available or they can be prepared by reacting an alkanolamine corresponding to the formula ##EQU6## with a monocarboxylic acid corresponding to the formula RCH2 COOH by known methods, e.g. by the method of Purcell, U.S. Pat. No. 3,336,145, which is incorporated herein by reference thereto or with a dicarboxylic acid of from 4 to about 36 carbon atoms or with a tri-carboxylic acid of up to about 54 carbon atoms, respectivly, by the method of A. W. Campbell, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,520, which is incorporated herein by reference thereto. This bis-oxazolines and trisoxazolines thereby obtained correspond to the formula ##EQU7##
The monocarboxylic acids suitable for forming the monooxazoline compounds of formula I include saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, including mixtures thereof. Such acids are well-known in the art and include, but are not limited to; acetic, propionic, decanoic, lauric, linoleic, linolenic, oleic, stearic, behenic, etc. They are commercially available and the usual commercial grades, including the crude materials, are suitable for preparing the oxazoline compounds.
The dicarboxylio acids suitable for preparing the bisoxazolines fo formula II include, but are not limited to, acids of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, viz., succinic, glutaric, adipic, sorbic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, and sebacic and mixtures thereof. Also the dimer of C18 unsaturated fatty acids is a suitable and preferred dicarboxylic acid. Dimerized acids and oxazolines made therefrom are known to those skilled in the art. They are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,661,861 issued to J. H. Hunsucker which is incorporated herein by reference thereto and in Technical Bulletin No. 438C, published by Emery Industries, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio.
The tricarboxylic acids suitable for preparing the tris-oxazoline compounds include, but are not limited to, the trimer of C18 unsaturated fatty acids. This trimerized acid and oxazolines made therefrom are known to those skilled in the art. They are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,661,861 and in the aforementioned Technical Bulletin No. 438C.
In the embodiment of the invention represented by the compounds of formula I, the compounds where X is =CH2 and R is an unsaturated group can be employed as the binder without modifiers and without catalysts. Of these compounds, the preferred ones are those where R1 and R2 are the acyloxymethyl groups represented by the formula ##EQU8## where a rapid set time of the sand core is desired, metal driers up to 10% by weight can be incorporated. Suitable driers and combinations thereof are those known in the art, including but not limited to peroxides and/or compounds of cobalt, e.g. cobalt napthenate, lead, e.g. lead octoate, tin, e.g. stannous octoate, potassium chromate and zinc. Zinc driers are preferred and a combination of zinc drier and a peroxide is particularly preferred. Suitable peroxides are well known in the art. Typical peroxides include, but are not limited to ditert.-butyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, benzoyl peroxides, cumeme hydroperoxide, and tert.-butyl perbenzoate. When used, either alone or in combination with the metal driers, the peroxides are generally employed at a concentration of about 0.5 to about 5% based on the weight of the resin.
The compounds of formula I wherein X is H2 can be modified, and preferably are so modified, by reacting, e.g. copolymerizing, them with a dissimilar ethylenic unsaturated monomer having a terminal CH2 = C <group in amounts necessary to give the desired modification.
A particularly preferred class of ethylenic unsaturated monomers are those having one ethylenic unsaturation such as the olefins, e.g. ethylene, propylene, isobutylene; acrylyl and alkacrylyl compounds, e.g. acrylic haloacrylic, and methacrylic acids, esters, nitriles, and amides -- for example, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methoxymethyl methacrylate, n-butoxyethyl methacrylate, n-butoxyethoxyethyl methacrylate, aminoalkyl methacrylates such as beta-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, chloroethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, and alphachloroacrylic acid; N-vinyl imides, e.g. N-vinyl-phthalimide and N-vinyl succinimide, N-vinyllactams, e.g. N-vinylcaprolactam and N-vinylbutyrolactam, vinyl aryls, e.g. styrene, methyl styrene and vinylnaphthalene, and other vinyl derivatives such as methyl vinyl ketone, vinylpyridine, vinyl isobutyl ether, and vinyl ethyl ether. The resulting compounds are then condensed with formaldehyde amounts and dehydrated to yield vinylated derivatives.
The modified oxazolines are readily prepared by condensing with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, e.g. styrene, vinyl toluene or acrylic ester in a weight ratio of about 1 to about 50% at a temperature of about 300�-400�F preferably in the presence of a chain transfer agent and a peroxide catalyst. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool slightly, then formaldehyde -- about 3-10% by weight of unsaturated monomer -- is introduced slowly. Preferably an alkaline catalyst, e.g. lithium hydroxide, and a polymerization inhibitor, e.g. t-butyl catechol, are added in suitable amounts. Heating of the reaction mixture is then maintained at about 375� to about 400�F until water and alkanol (if any) have been separated by distillation. Preferably the formaldehyde is added as a solution in an alcohol, e.g. a lower alkanol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are commercially available. It can, however, also be supplied as paraformaldehyde or as the 37% or 44% commercial-grade aqueous solution. Gaseous formaldehyde from a formaldehyde generator is also suitable for use. Water of reaction, and any water or alkanol introduced with the formaldehyde, is removed by distillation. The residue is useful as is without further refinement.
The preparation of a particularly preferred binder is described in Example 1.
R. F. Purcell in U.S. Pat. 3,248,397 disclosed a process for bodying oxazolines corresponding to formula I where X is =CH2, by reacting the oxazoline with a member of the foregoing class of unsaturated compounds. It might therefore be supposed that the compounds thereby obtained would be useful in the practice of this invention. It has been found however that they are much too viscous to be used without a solvent. The use of a solvent would however defeat one of the objects of the invention, which is to provide a solvent-free, substantially 100% non-volatile binder.
The oxazoline binders and modifications thereof of the present invention have particular utility in the preparation of binders for sand cores used for casting in foundries and for hot box applications. The binder is blended with the aggregate, e.g. sand, in an amount sufficient to provide about 0.5-5.0% or more, usually about 0.5-1.5% of the binder based on the weight of the sand. When preferred, up to 10% of metal driers, preferably 3-7% can be blended with the binder before mixing with the aggregate. The treated sand is then placed in a mold to harden. If a rapid hardening time is required, the wet sand can be thoroughly mixed with an amount of polyisocyanate sufficient to provide about 20% based on the weight of the binder.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the binder can be modified by incorporating therein about 10% of a low-molecular weight hydrocarbon resin, or if a monooxazoline, additionally about 10% of a polyoxazoline corresponding to formula II can be added. It has been discovered that by varying the polyoxazoline content, the time required for the sand to harden can be varied.
When especially rapid set time is needed with the oxazoline binders and condensates thereof, the selected binder is blended with the aggregate and then up to 20% or more of a di- or polyisocyanates is mixed therewith, as is known in the art.
Polyisocyanates suitable for the practice of this invention include but are not limited to polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate. Other suitable isocyanates are known in the art, e.g. the aliphatic polyisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate; alicyclic polyisocyanates such as 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate; and aromatic polyisocyanates such as 1,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate; diphenyl methyl diisocyanate and the dimethyl derivative thereof. Further examples of suitable polyisocyanates are 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate; triphenyl methane triisocyanate; xylylene diisocyanate and the methyl derivative; polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate; chlorophenylene-2,4-diisocyanate, and the like.
The binder of the present invention provides numerous advantages in the preparation of sand cores for foundry casting. The advantages include the following points:
1. It is a 100% solids system (though liquid) so there are no delays for solvent evaporation.
2. Because it is solvent-free, it does not create or aggravate a danger of fire in the foundry.
3. There is no contribution to atmospheric pollution from the foundry stacks, nor any contribution to pollution of the workroom atmosphere.
4. The binder composition has low viscosity at ambient temperatures and wets the sand excellently. As a result it is easily mixed with the sand.
5. By varying the amount of polyoxazoline, the hardening time of the sand core can be easily controlled.
The invention will be better understood with reference to the following examples. It is understood, however that these examples are intended for illustration only and it is not intended that the invention be limited thereby.
A preferred oxazoline binder was prepared by mixing 250 lb. tall oil fatty acids containing less than 4% rosin and having an equivalent weight of 284 (0.88 equivalents), 16 lb of propionic acid (0.216 equivalents) 43 lb of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (0.355 moles or 1.065 equivalents). The mixture was heated with stirring to 460�F in a reaction vessel equipped with a distillation column and a take-off head. During the heating step, the water of reaction was removed by distillation. The reaction was monitored by occasionally determining, by known methods, the acid value. When it was below 5, the mixture was allowed to cool to 300�F and there was then added over a period of 90 min. a mixture consisting of 75 lb styrene, 2.5 lb ditert.-butyl peroxide catalyst, and 1.2 lb of n-dodecylmercaptan chain transfer agent.
The resulting mixture was heated to 400�F for 90 min. thereby condensing the styrene and the oxazoline. It was allowed to cool to 375�F and there was then gradually added below the liquid level a mixture consisting of 0.06 lb. of lithium hydroxide (LiOH.H2 O), and 20 lb. of formaldehyde as a 40% by wt. solution in butanol. About 2 hours was required for the addition. During this step, butanol and water were removed by distillation. When all the butanol and water had been removed, the product was cooled and filtered, yield: 402 lb. It had a viscosity of V-Z; color <12; and acid value <1l the density was 8.1 � 0.1 lb/gal. The product was tested for volatility at 100�C. It was completely nonvolatile, i.e. 100% solids.
The product obtained above was used as a binder to prepare a sand core for foundry use. An amount of the resin sufficient to provide 1% by weight based on the weight of the sand was mixed thoroughly with sufficient diethylenetriamine (later found to be unnecessary) to provide 1% by weight of the resin and with metallic drier to provide 7% by weight of the resin. The drier used was a mixture of 4% of a 24% Pb salt (lead octoate) and 3% of a 6% cobalt salt (cobalt naphthenate), both of which are conventional in the art.
The foregoing resin-amine-drier mixture was then thoroughly mixed with the predetermined weight of the casting sand and then the wet sand was thoroughly mixed with a quantity of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, sufficient to provide 20% based on the weight of the resin. The sand was packed into a mold and in 80 minutes it had hardened sufficiently that the mold could be stripped from the sand. By comparison, when the sand core was prepared with a conventional alkyd resin binder used in the art, the stripping time was about 15 minutes. Despite the longer hardening time, the product was deemed useful.
The experiment of Example 1 was repeated in all essential details except that in preparing the binder composition for the sand core, there was additionally added to the resin-drier-amine mixture 10% of low molecular wt. styrene-butadiene rubber (Ricon 150 made by the Richardson Co.) based on the weight of the resin. Ricon 150 is a high iodine number hydrocarbon resin of low molecular weight.
The sand core so prepared was hard enough after 75 minutes that the mold could be stripped from the sand. The binder composition was deemed useful.
The experiment of Example 2 was repeated in all essential details except that in preparing the binder composition for the sand core, there was additionally added to the resin-drier-amine-Ricon 150 mixtures, 10% of a polyoxazoline, based on the weight of the resin, prepared from 1 mole of trimerized linseed fatty acid, known in the art, and 3 moles of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
The sand core so prepared was hard enough after 45 minutes that the mold could be stripped from the sand. The binder composition was deemed useful.
The experiment of Example 1 was repeated in all essential details except that 10,717 lb. of tall oil fatty acids, 805 lb. of propionic acid, 2121 lb of tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 5 lb. of tridecyl phosphite were used. After the acid value was below about 5, a mixture of styrene 3780 lb., ditert.-butyl peroxide 126 lb., and n-dodecylmercaptan 1.2 lb. was gradually added over a period of 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated to 400�F for 30 minutes and was then cooled to 375�F. A mixture of 3.5 lb. of lithium hydroxide, 2520 lb. of butyl Formcel (40% HCHO) and 3.5 lb. of t-butyl catechol were added. The solvent and water of reaction were stripped and 3.5 lb. of tert.-butyl catechol were added. The mixture was then cooled and filtered. The product was clear, had a viscosity of Y + 1/2 and a color of 10. The non-volatile content was 100%.
A portion, 3.5 lb. of the resin prepared in Example 4 was mixed with 7% of metallic drier (4% of lead salts and 3% of cobalt salts) and was mulled with sand for 21/2 minutes. There was added 0.7 lb. of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI made by the Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan) and mulled an additional 2 minutes. The temperatue of the sand at the start was 62�F and the finish, 78�F.
Several molds were filled with the coated sand, were allowed to set for 13/4 to 2 hours, then dumped. Set time was satisfactory. No crumbling or weak points were observed. The cores were allowed to set for 24 hours. The Campbell hardness was 45-50 compared with 35 for cores prepared with the previously-used alkyd resin binder.
Molten iron at 2600�-2800�F was poured into the molds. There was less smoke emitted than when the sand core was prepared with an alkyd resin binder, and no obnoxious fumes were emitted during pouring. By comparison, the alkyd resin binder emitted irritating fumes. Also, no flashing of fire occurred. After 20 minutes, the mold was broken away and the castings were deemed to be of high quality. The sand in contact with the metal was clean and none adhered to the metal. Only minimal grinding was necessary to finish the casting.
The experiment of Example 1 was repeated in all essential details except that the oxazoline was prepared from 2550 g of tall oil fatty acids (largely C18), 8.9 equivalents, 215 g propionic acid, 2.91 equivalents, 750 g of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 6.3 moles, or 12.6 equivalents. The product was reacted with a mixture of styrene 200 g and methyl methacrylate 100 G, in the presence of ditert.-butyl peroxide 2 g, and azobis isobutyryl nitrile, 10 g, a chain initiator which promotes low molecular weight, then with formaldehyde, 675 g of a 40% solution in butanol to form the vinyl compound.
The low-molecular weight resin obtained by the above procedure was clear, had a low viscosity of B-1/4, color of 15, acid value of 1.0, and was 100% non-volatile.
To 40 g of the resin was added 0.5 g of 6% cobalt salt drier and 1.0 g of 24% lead salt drier. The mixture was then blended with 4000 g of Portage silica sand, No. 430, at 70�F, after which 12 g of polyisocyanate (Mondur MR) was added. After blending 1 min., the mixture was poured into a mold. It was hard in 1 hour.
Following the general procedure of Example 1, an oxazoline oligomer blend was prepared by condensing 960 g of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (8.06 moles or 16.12 equivalents) with 644 g of dimethyl glutarate (8.05 equivalents). Tall oil fatty acids, 2200 g, (7.75 equivalents) were added and the solution was heated to 460�F. Water of reaction was separated by distillation. At an acid value of 14.5, the solution was cooled to 200�F at which time dibutyl acid phosphate, 5 g, and 130 g of water were added. The mixture was heated at 200�F for 90 minutes and was then cooled. The resulting resin had a viscosity of Z2, color of 10, acid value 12.5. The infra-red absorption spectrum indicated the presence of considerable amide.
The resin prepared above was mixed for 2 minutes in varied proportions with 200 g of Portage silica Sand No. 430 at 70�F. Polyisocyanate (Mondur MR) and 5 drops of lead octoate drier were then added and mixed for 1 minute.
The sand mix was then dumped into a 5 inch diameter cylinder and tamped with a 10 lb. weight. The sand mixture was checked periodically for stiffness and surface hardness. Campbell hardness was checked after 30 minutes and 1 hour. The results obtained are:
Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4______________________________________Resin, g 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5Mondur, MR, g 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.5Stiff, Min. 5 5 4 6Hard, Min. 15 7 7 14Campbell hardness 30 Min. 3 7 8 0 1 Hour 18 33 19 3______________________________________
This experiment showed that moderate increase in resin content, compared with polyisocyanate, caused the core mixture to become hard very quickly, but a large difference between resin and polyisocyanate did not produce a very hard core.
Tall oil fatty acids 600 g (2.15 equivalents) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane 240 g (1.98 moles, or 0.66 equivalents) were heated at 375�F for about 30 min. Adipic acid 475 g (3.25 moles, or 6.5 equivalents) was then added and heating was continued until it had all dissolved. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol 190 g (2.14 equivalents) was added and the mixture was slowly heated to 420�F until the acid value was below 10. Water of reaction was separated by distillation as it formed. The mixture was then allowed to cool. The product had a viscosity of Z6, a color of 12+ and was 100% non-volatile.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Here is the weekly road construction report for Hamilton County:
U.S. 41 (SR-8, Ringgold Rd.) grading, drainage and paving at the intersection of I-75 South off-ramp (LM 1.07) at Exit 1: The majority of work on this project has been completed. During this report period, the contractor will be installing overhead signs that may require short duration lane closures on the ramp. Work will take place during non-peak daytime hours on Mondays through Saturdays. At least one lane on the ramp will remain open at all times. If needed during this work, the contractor will open lanes to alleviate any backups that may occur on I-75. THP and flaggers will assist with traffic control as necessary. Estimated project completion date is January.
U.S. 27 (SR-29) reconstruction project from Manufacturers Road (Olgiati Bridge over the Tennessee River) to U.S. 127 (SR-8, Signal Mountain Boulevard): Weather permitting, the contractor will have lane closures throughout the project area on weeknights to perform road work. On the evenings of Monday through Thursday, from 7 p.m.-6 a.m. the following morning, the contractor will have an inside lane closed on U.S. 27 in each direction from the Olgiati Bridge to Manning Street to set bridge girders over Manning Street. Manning Street will also be closed during this work between Power Corporation Drive and Winchester Street. They will also be working on retaining walls and bridges throughout the project area. During nighttime work, at least one lane will remain open in each direction. THP will assist with traffic control on the project as necessary. Estimated project completion date is February 2015.
Shallowford Road widening project from Gunbarrel Road to Jenkins Road, including grading drainage, and paving: Work continues on this project. The contractor will be paving during this report period as weather and temperatures permit. Drivers are urged to be alert and to obey all traffic signs. Flaggers will be in place to assist with traffic control as necessary. Estimated project completion date is January.
Construction of a State Industrial Access route serving Volkswagen Group of America, including grading, drainage and paving: Work on this project continues. The contractor is in the process of clearing and taking care of environmental measures in order to start on road and drainage. Traffic will not be impacted at this time therefore, no lane closures are needed. Estimated project completion date is September.
July 4, 2015
July 3, 2015
Review of "Pilgrim at Tinker Creek" by Annie Dillard: On the surface, the book is a collection of nature observations. A copperhead rests on a rock, its head raised. A giant water beetle drinks ... (click for more)
The Chattanooga Parking Authority has announced downtown parking meters will not be enforced (and need not be paid) on Saturday in honor of the Independence Day holiday. Paid parking for ... (click for more)
A 2015 Freedom Celebration will be held on Saturday at 10 a.m. at First Baptist Church, at 1275 Stuart Road, in Cleveland. Those in attendance will be Mayor Tom Rowland, Rev. Steve ... (click for more)
Review of "Pilgrim at Tinker Creek" by Annie Dillard: On the surface, the book is a collection of nature observations. A copperhead rests on a rock, its head raised. A giant water beetle drinks the dissolved tissues of a frog and leaves a shriveled skin. A mockingbird steps from a roof and free falls, opening its wings and taking flight, just before it strikes the ground. ... (click for more)
The Chattanooga Parking Authority has announced downtown parking meters will not be enforced (and need not be paid) on Saturday in honor of the Independence Day holiday. Paid parking for all street meters will also be suspended for these remaining holidays in 2015: ... (click for more)
The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the nation's largest Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization, on Saturday questioned the release of a Signal Mountain man who admitted to planning what it called "a Charleston-style terror attack" on a Muslim community in New York. CAIR also called for stepped up protection for the community targeted in the plot. Judge ... (click for more)
Several plumbers on Thursday brought complaints to a committee of the Hamilton County Water and Wastewater Treatment Authority (WWTA) and got little response other than being told that new contracts are ready. Kay Keefe of Keefe Plumbing said the small number of plumbing companies still participating in the program to repair leaky lines to homes, have long been operating without ... (click for more)
I confess that this year I am having a hard time with the idea of celebrating the 4th of July Independence Day. It is not because I am not thankful to God for what was done on that day, what it represents, and the blessings I've experienced that flow from it. On the other hand, I want to think that maybe this year's celebration will mark a period in our history in which a new movement ... (click for more)
As one who is about good and fed up with being "socially correct" so less than 10 percent of us can dictate how the other 90 percent of us ought to think, I am going to pause today in order to share a wonderfully fun email that has been around for a while. It is aptly called, "You Could Have Heard A Pin Drop." Before I do, I got a sweet note the other day from my dear friend ... (click for more)

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Items tagged ships in MV Collections
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Negative - Barbara Woods Hanging Out Washing, MV Fairsea, 1957
Barbara Woods hanging out washing deckside on board MV Fairsea, 1957. 12 black and white photographs and 30 black and white copy negatives depicting Barbara and John Woods migration t ...Images: 1
Negative - Three Couples at a Table on the MV Fairsea, 1957
Three couples sitting at a table on board MV Fairsea, 1957. 12 black and white photographs and 30 black and white copy negatives depicting Barbara and John Woods migration to Australi ...Images: 1
Negative - MV Fairsea in Port, Fremantle, Western Australia, 1957
View of MV Fairsea docked in Fremantle, October 1957. 12 black and white photographs and 30 black and white copy negatives depicting Barbara and John Woods migration to Australia as a ...Images: 1
Postcard - Stoker W. M. Sorell to Mother,H.M.A.S. Melbourne, England, 10 Feb 1919
Postcard of H.M.A.S. Melbourne taken before May 1914, dated by Stoker Sorell, W.M. 10 Feb 1919. Sorell wrote to his mother saying that the ship was about to leave England for Australia. ...Images: 2
Photograph - Doctor Ingram On Board Ship, Discovery 1 During BANZARE Voyages, Antarctica, ...
Photograph of Dr. Ingram on board the ship SY Discovery 1 in Antarctic waters. The photograph was taken by Frank Hurley during the British, Australian, New Zealand Antarctic Research Ex ...Images: 1
Glass Negative - SY Discovery and Colony of Gentoo Penguins, BANZARE Voyage 2, Antarctica, ...
Glass negative depicting two photographs taken by Eric Douglas showing the ship SY Discovery 1 and a colony of Gentoo penguins. It is one of a number of glass negatives by Eric Douglas ...Images: 1
Compass - Marine, Joseph Hughes, early 19th century
Dry-card lifeboat box compass with a 16-point 'compass rose'. The north mark on the compass has been replaced by a fleur-de-lys. According to the donor the compass is from the 'Cygnet', ...Images: 3
Ship's Bell - 'Cygnet', Brass, circa 1846-1876
Brass bell with fixed right-angle pivot arm for ringing. The bell would have been suspended by a pivot at the point where the arm bends 90 degrees from vertical to horizonrtal and would ...Images: 1
Barometer - Aneroid, Ellery's Indications, circa 1840-1876
Marine aneroid barometer, 'Ellery's Indications', from the 'Cygnet', dated to the mid-19th century. The barometer was re-plated with 24-carat gold in recent years by a Mr Tunnell-Jones, ...Images: 1
Postcard - S.S. Omrah, Orient-Royal Mail Line, Gibralter, 1899-1918
Postcard commemorating the steamship S.S. Omrah at Gibraltar. Includes hand-written text dated June 13th, with no year recorded. It is addressed to Muriel Roberts of South Australia. T ...Images: 1


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VW LT35 Campervan
VW LT 35 Campervan conversion Basic campervan conversion with three seats in the cab, living space in back includes seating and bench bunk. Comfortable and carpeted with insulation on the ceiling and storage under the seats. Tinted side window in
- 2002
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SOMERVILLE, N.J. -- The judge presiding over Jayson
Williams' manslaughter trial refused the defense's request to
modify a gag order he issued earlier this week.
Superior Court Judge Edward M. Coleman has barred Williams, his
lawyers, spokeswoman and prosecutors from speaking outside court
about the Feb. 14, 2002, shooting of a limousine driver at
Williams' mansion in Hunterdon County.
Coleman issued the order Tuesday after two interviews by
Williams and his wife, Tanya, were televised over the weekend.
The judge said the interviews, which aired after the first week
of jury selection, could bias potential jurors. His order came just
hours before an interview with Dean Bumbaco -- who was at Williams'
mansion when the shooting occurred -- aired on HBO's "Real Sports
with Bryant Gumbel."
Bumbaco, scheduled to testify as a prosecution witness, said
Williams tried to make it appear that the victim, Costas "Gus"
Christofi, 55, had killed himself. The allegations spurred
Williams' attorney, Joseph Hayden, to seek permission Wednesday for
his client's spokeswoman, Judy Smith, to respond to Bumbaco's
"We can't have a state's witness going on television on the eve
of trial and trying to stick it to us on the facts," Hayden said.
Coleman rejected the request, saying that allowing spokespeople
to respond would only add to the media "feeding frenzy"
surrounding the case.
Meanwhile, three more potential jurors were added to the jury
pool Wednesday, bringing the total to 27. The selection process
will continue Thursday and, once 60 potential jurors are chosen,
each side will be allowed to exercise peremptory challenges, or
those for which no reason need be given. The defense has 20, the
prosecution 12.
A 12-member jury -- along with four alternates -- will eventually
hear the case against Williams, 35, who played for the New Jersey
Nets before becoming an NBA analyst for NBC. He was suspended from
his television job after the shooting, which he maintains was a
tragic accident.
At the request of the defense, Coleman moved the trial to
neighboring Somerset County, agreeing extensive publicity hurt
chances for a fair trial in Hunterdon.


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Protecting Your Loved Ones, Lifestyle and Legacy
|Of Counsel:
|Meghan O'Brien
Lisa Fosler Kelly
Who would have thought that Appointing a Trustee would be a "new mommy" conversation, not me! Recently, I was fortunate enough to spend some time with old friends from college for a baby shower. While talking about Etsy and Pinterest, somehow, my work as an estate planning attorney became a hot topic. I found myself talking at length with a dear friend who is in the middle of a legal dispute over a family member's actions as a Trustee.
While swapping trustee stories, I could not help but wish that many of my clients had better advice before appointing a trustee. At least, I wish my clients' decisions were guided by their knowledge of Illinois law before naming their son, daughter, or best friend as the Trustee of their trust.
Appointing the right Trustee ensures that the distribution of your assets is done according to your wishes. It also can prevent needless waste of your trust assets from attorneys' fees and court costs. The right Trustee can also help to safeguard your Trustee from senseless years of litigation. Litigation for actions which he or she may have taken in good faith but in violation of state law.
If you or someone you know is selecting a Trustee of a Trust, the following should be considered:
1. Will your Trustee have a good relationship with every single …


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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
We investigated the symbiotic activities of fungal endophytes isolated from spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe. Previously, an analysis of community similarity had demonstrated differences in the endophyte communities of C. stoebe in its native and invaded ranges. Here, we found that specific endophytes can exert positive effects on their host, whereas others exert negative effects. Endophytes produced metabolites that inhibited germination of a competitor of C. stoebe. Endophytes also repelled a specialist insect herbivore, perhaps by producing biologically active volatiles. Yet other endophytes acted as cryptic pathogens of C. stoebe, suppressing its germination, reducing its growth, increasing the abundance of a generalist insect herbivore, and delaying or suppressing its flowering. Since, as reported here, endophytes are not functionally interchangeable, previously reported community differences could be contributing to the invasiveness of C. stoebe.
Recently we reported significant diversity in endophytic fungi in an invasive plant, Centaurea stoebe, or spotted knapweed.1 Communities in the invaded and native ranges differed according to an analysis of similarity. Preliminary experiments to investigate functional activities of endophytes suggest that differences in the presence or absence of key endophytes could affect the invasiveness of this plant that is native to Eurasia and invasive in North America and elsewhere.
Culture filtrates of 12 endophytes (Experiments 1–3, Table 1) suppressed germination of Festuca idahoensis, a plant that competes with C. stoebe in its invaded range in western North America.2 This result demonstrated that specific endophytes produce allelopathic effects that might aid C. stoebe in competition with other plants.
Symbionts can also have positive or mutualistic effects on their hosts by protecting them. Two endophytes, Alternaria CID62 and Epicoccum CID66 (CID = Cultivation Identification Number, or endophyte isolate number. A complete list of our CIDs is here1), appeared to protect C. stoebe from Larinus minutus, a seed-feeding weevil from the native range of C. stoebe, that was deliberately released in North America for biological control.3 In dual-choice laboratory bioassays (Experiments 4–9), mated Larinus minutus females spent more time on uninoculated, control flowerheads than on those inoculated with either Alternaria CID62 or Epicoccum CID66, and preferred flowerheads inoculated with Epicoccum CID66 to those inoculated with Alternaria CID62 (Fig. 1). A similar pattern occurred when the isolated fungi were applied to cotton-flower mimics, except that the difference in preference for Epicoccum CID66 over Alternaria CID62 was not significant (Fig. 1).
The effects we have detected thus far are potentially mediated by chemical factors. We sampled each of 16 endophytes for their capacity to release volatile organic compounds (VOC) in pure culture (i.e., Experiment 10), following methods similar to those that have been used to detect biologically active VOC produced by an endophytic fungus.4 Fourteen of these isolates in pure liquid culture produced at least one volatile sesquiterpene. Fusarium CID124 produced 20 distinct sesquiterpenes. Total production of sesquiterpenes ranged from zero to 236.8 ng/0.5 h/20 ml sample of culture. Volatile sesquiterpenes are implicated in many interorganismal interactions.5
Although the endophytes reported thus far1 are not overt pathogens they could be cryptic pathogens.6 In Experiment 11, knapweed seedlings inoculated with Alternaria isolate 'CID62' produced fewer flowering heads than seedlings inoculated with Epicoccum CID66, Fusarium CID107, and an uninoculated, E− (i.e., endophyte-free) control (ANOVA F1,38 = 5.276, p = 0.03). In Experiment 12, seedlings inoculated with Alternaria CID123 and Fusarium CID124 flowered significantly later than E− controls (ANOVA F2,46 = 17.173, p < 0.001).
We also performed knapweed germination assays following inoculation with endophyte cultures (Experiments 13–15), or following treatment with liquid culture filtrates (Experiments 11–13); germination was 100% suppressed by Botrytis CID360, Alternaria CID120 and Fusarium CIDs 107 and 396, and many lesser, but still significant, effects were recorded.
Not only was germination of knapweed seeds entirely suppressed by Fusarium CID107, but a viability test with 0.1% unbuffered tetrazolium solution showed that seeds that failed to germinate were actually dead.
Some seedlings survived if they were first germinated and then inoculated with Fusarium CID107 (Experiments 14–16), but survivors had fewer and shorter leaves (ANOVA F1,52 = 8.987, p = 0.004 for number of leaves and ANOVA F1,52 = 7.307, p = 0.009 for length of maximal leaves) during a forty-day period of growth, and fewer mature, dissected leaves (χ2 test for independence, χ2 = 4.103, p = 0.043) than E− controls. Final, aboveground biomass was lower for Fusarium CID107-inoculated plants (ANOVA F1,50 = 11.292, p = 0.001) than E− controls.
Fusarium CID107 also attracted a generalist herbivore, the aphid, Myzus persicae, to plants it had infected. In Experiment 17, abundance of aphid infestations differed on E+ and E− knapweed seedlings (ANOVA F3,35 = 5.023, p = 0.005). Fusarium CID107-inoculated seedlings hosted aphid populations 6.3 times higher than plants inoculated with Alternaria CID62, Epicoccum CID66, or controls, although this difference eventually disapppeared when aphid populations became very large on all treatments (ANOVA F3,36 = 0.951, p = 0.426).
With both negative and positive effects on characters associated with fitness (Fig. 2), it seems likely that endophytes strongly influence the ecology and invasiveness of C. stoebe. The effects of endophytes were seen in all growth stages of C. stoebe, from germination to flowering. Increases in aboveground biomass due to endophytes have been observed in other plants,7–10 although not yet in C. stoebe (Fig. 2). We expect that with further experimentation, we will discover many additional, biotic interactions mediated by endophytes in C. stoebe.
R. Menjivar's participation in the project was supported by the Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellows Program
Addendum to: Shipunov A, Newcombe G, Raghavendra A, Anderson C Hidden diversity of endophytic fungi in an invasive plantAmer J Bot20089510961108 doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800024.
Previously published online as a Communicative & Integrative Biology E-publication: http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/cib/article/7393
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Latest Activity: Played Medieval Arena 3D (Oct 1, 2013 8:14am)
Points needed for next level: 2 Level
Good day ol' chap. My name is Stealthy, je suis anglais et je parle francais. Yo tambien ablo espanol. However I speak english most of the time, being a rather easy going person I tend to make friends. Alas if you insult me then don't expect me to be oh so friendly.
Activity Feed


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The Ken-A-Vision ESH200 Stereo Professor is a binocular microscope designed specifically for children. Its high-impact plastic construction makes it extremely durable. Features such as Ken-A-Vision's cool lighting system and a slip-clutch focus mechanism make "The Professor" the perfect springboard to a lifelong appreciation of scientific observation and discovery.
- One-Piece Construction
- The Professor's one piece plastic constructions makes it as safe as it is durable. The microscope is virtually "student-proof".
- Indestructible Focus System
- The slip clutch focus system is built to withstand the test of time while providing clear focus pulls every time.
- Lightweight Design
- The Professor's lightweight frame makes it exceptionally portable and easy to use.


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Friday, July 10, 2015, 8:00PM - 10:00PM
Bounce This!
Prepare for an evening of kinetic, frenetic music and art! Local experimental musicians Chris Auerbach-Brown and Bbob Drake will present a jaunty concert to transform keegan & nick's pneumatic device,... more
Thursday, July 16, 2015, 6:00PM - 8:00PM
Bruce Checefsky Studio Visit
Studio visit with SPACES' Quarter Art artist Bruce Checefsky . Over the past several years, Bruce Checefsky designed a flower garden in his back yard for the sole purpose of documenting it with... more
Saturday, August 01, 2015, 6:00PM - 8:00PM
Expedition: SPACES!!!
Performance: August 1, 2015, 6-8pm Admission: Free Expedition: SPACES!!!: is a progressive adventure with Integrated Media performances by local artists. Curated by Craig R Chojnicki & Lisa Miralia Featured Artists: Faangdolph Faangdolph is a recently forged improvised collaboration between... more
Subscribe to Quarter Art
Quarter Art is SPACES' art subscription service. Think of it as a quarterly magazine subscription, but in the form of four curated, limited-edition art objects each year. An annual subscription is $500. A half-year subscription is $300. That is only $125 $150 per limited edition art object by some of our area's best artists! MORE
Tell us what you think.
Help continue to make SPACES one of the best places by filing out this survey and telling us what you think. MORE


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Recently, I've been working on a multisite install that had a lot of problems with newly created sites lacking important fields in their table structure. They sometimes wouldn't use the title and email address entered at setup, and would't have any user roles available whatsoever. We traced the problems to the Members plugin and they went away once we deactivated it. Which, you know, sucks, since it's such a great plugin.
The components that were enabled were Edit Roles, New Roles, and Content Permissions. I haven't troubleshooted each one of these but suspect it must be one or the other. That said, I'm willing to help troubleshoot as much as possible, since I have a development site that I don't mind hopelessly messing up. The site is configured like 'site.com/subsite' and not as subdomains, if that helps.


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Recent Posts
Fancy A Date?
Developer- and Publisher-specific Articles: Rhythm
Demons' Score reveals its weird rocking ways with new video
Square Enix has released a nearly nine-minute video for their upcoming rhythm-based action title for Android and iOS devices, Demons' Score. The footage offers gamers a chance to get a peek at the possessed heroine Serenity and her mighty tapping powers (and strange familiar) in the game's opening cinematic and tutorial.
Sound Shapes available on PSN for PS3, PS Vita
Queasy Games' rhythm-based platformer Sound Shapes has launched for PS3 and PS Vita. The $14.99 release includes a single-player campaign comprised of five records and 20-plus environments, with gameplay combining traditional platforming with rhythm action, as well as an editor mode that allows for players to create and share custom levels.
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy regales retail with a jaunty tune
Square Enix is getting into the beat today with the launch of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy for the 3DS. The title isn't just the company's first foray into the rhythm genre, though, as it's also the first 3DS title to offer DLC. For adventurers who need more than the 70-plus included tracks, taken from event scenes, field themes, and battle arrangements, eight additional songs, listed below, are available for download.
E3 2012 – Square Enix: Demons' Score announced for Android, iOS
Square Enix will be launching a new rhythm-based action game this summer for Android and iOS devices, Demons' Score. As the possessed heroine Serenity, players must battle all matter of hellish demons (with a touch of flair) to aid her in tracking down her missing father.
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy shows off Chaos Shrine in new shots
Oh, what's that? You'd like to explore the world of Final Fantasy by way of melodies and smooth basslines? Then sit back, kick up your feet, and enjoy these screenshots of Theatrhythm Final Fantasy, an upcoming 3DS title that features rhythm-based action. The latest images are of the unlockable Chaos Shrine.
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy pre-order extra announced
Square Enix has announced a new pre-order bonus for their upcoming 3DS rhythmic RPG, Theatrhythm Final Fantasy. Befitting a game that features rhythm-based combat by way of tapping the stylus on the screen, gamers who put down some cash early enough will receive a gripped stylus and 17 stickers featuring some of the franchise's most popular characters, including Cloud, Moogle, and Cecil.
Dance Central 2 ready to make you shake it, shake it
Harmonix's Dance Central 2 is now available for Kinect. The follow-up to the million-seller Dance Central features voice commands, new multiplayer modes, including the versus Dance Battle mode, and over 40 new songs from such artists as Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Nicki Minaj, and Montell Jordan. Break It Down has also been enhanced, with voice support and a customizable practice session.
Dance Central 2 demo released, new tracks announced
Dance Central 2 is still a week out, but Live Gold members can try shaking a rug a little early with the newly launched demo. The demo is available for a limited time, from today until the game's release on October 25, and includes the simultaneous multiplayer Dance Battle with Free 4 All mini-game, voice command support, and revamped Break It Down mode for two tracks: Club Can't Handle Me by Flo Rida ft. David Guetta and Bulletproof by La Roux.
Just Dance 3 now available for 360, Wii
Just Dance 3 is now ready for your boogying pleasure. The motion-control dancer is now available for the 360 and Wii for $39.99. The Kinect-enabled title features 40-plus tracks spanning a vast array of genres, from pop to country, four-player simultaneous play for Kinect, Just Create mode for custom routines, and four-player concurrent play for the Wii. A full track list can be found below.
Child of Eden – PlayStation 3 version detailed
Q Entertainment's surreal rhythm-based shooter Child of Eden is headed to the PlayStation 3. The Tetsuya Mizuguchi-created, Ubisoft-published release will hit store shelves on September 27 and sport 3D support as well as PS Move functionality. As players fight to save Project Lumi in order to reproduce all of man's memories inside Eden, they will experience a "multisensory effect: A visionary entertainment experience that synchronizes stunning graphics and innovative sound design to electrify the senses."


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
41 year old woman | San Antonio, TX, USA | Seeking men 36-48 within 50 miles
I brake for birds...
I am extremely outgoing and can easily have a conversation with a complete stranger. When you first meet me, you will swear that I am just the sweetest person ever, but I promise that I have little horns as well. I am an open book and I really do say exactly what I'm thinking. :) I have a 13 year old son who lives with me and he is everything to me. I am very close to my family and I do value their opinions. I don't enjoy the club scene nor do I want to hang out at a bar every night. I would like to meet a kind, loving, family-oriented man who understands that intimacy has many meanings and they are all important to a relationship. I am looking for someone who wants to put forth the effort to really get to know someone.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
I believe that you can tell a lot about a person's character by the way they treat animals.
Middle of the Road
Big'z, The Riverwalk, Sea World, San Marcos, Austin, New Orleans, Disney World...I love to travel and I want for my son to have that opportunity.
The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
I listen to all types of music...80's & 90's are my favorites! I love going to concerts..large or small venues. Favorite channels: Syfy, History, H2 I love scary movies and ghost stories!! I'm a fan of college football!
The majority of my free time is spent with my son. We enjoy being tourists in our own city. If we can make it there and back in a day, then we are up for it.
I read A LOT! I like Sue Grafton, Tess Gerritsen, Laura Lippman...murderer mysteries.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|6'0" (182cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|A few extra pounds
|About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|Blue, Brown, Green, Hazel
|Light brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Dark blonde, Bald
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Architecture / Interior design
|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|$50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, No, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|Probably not
|Not sure, Probably not, No, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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6015 Old Stone Mountain Road
Stone Mountain, GA 30087
Stone Mountain, GA 30087
Tel: (770)279-8443
Mount Carmel Christian School exists to provide a quality curriculum, founded on academic excellence in a Christ-centered learning environment.
Our educational program, based on Jesus' model in Luke 2:52, seeks to develop the child's growth in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.
The application of this program lays a foundation for Biblically-based living in today's society.
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|Georgia Accrediting Commission
|Religious Affiliation
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 8
|Learning Programs Supported
|Resource available
|Year Founded
Student Body
|Total Students
|144 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 24%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|11 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|% Faculty w/Advanced Degree
|Average Class Size
|12 students
|Classroom Dress Code
(uniforms required)
Finances and Admission
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
|Yearly Tuition Cost
|Tuition Notes
|$6850.00 - $7175.00 depending on grade level
|Acceptance Rate
National avg.: 85%
|Admissions Director
|Joanne Buckner
Nearby Schools:
All Schools | High Schools | Elementary Schools | Preschools | Public Schools
Show me:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
Stone MountainVoices Of Faith Christian Academy
2125 Rockbridge Rd
Stone Mountain, GA 30087
(678)740-0215(Christian)1.7 mi | 60 students | Gr. K-6
Stone MountainPrime Care Learning Center Iii
2115 Rockbridge Rd
Stone Mountain, GA 30087
(770)469-2000(Christian)1.7 mi | 47 students | Gr. PK-1
Stone MountainForrest Hills Christian
6826 Memorial Drive
Stone Mountain, GA 30083
(770)469-3422(Baptist)2.8 mi | 160 students | Gr. PK-12
Stone MountainGables Academy
811 Gordon Street
Stone Mountain, GA 30083
(770)465-7500Special Education School (Christian)2.8 mi | 26 students | Gr. 7-12
LilburnExcellent Montessori School
4515 Stone Mountain Hwy
Lilburn, GA 30047
(770)736-8938Montessori School2.9 mi | 42 students | Gr. PK-5
School Reviews
Area Statistics
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Recent Articles
Updated June 28, 2015
When it comes to choosing a private school, there are so many choices to consider that the project can be a huge challenge to most of us. We offer some help and advice to help you get started.
Sending your child to a foreign language school makes good sense when you have been posted to this country from abroad and in other circumstances as well.
Do you need financial aid? Not sure? Confused by how financial aid works? Here are some answers.


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Crazy Eyelashes!
Your eyelashes ... lets face it. They're lame. Tiny hairs poking out of your skin protecting your eyeballs from dust and granting wishes when they fall out. Or something.
Anyway spruce up things with these crazy eyelash extenders!
Your eyelashes ... lets face it. They're lame. Tiny hairs poking out of your skin protecting your eyeballs from dust and granting wishes when they fall out. Or something.
Anyway spruce up things with these crazy eyelash extenders!
Sean O'Pry (aka the cute guy in the Aldo ad) is everywhere –- on the runways, on billboards, in campaigns and in magazines, representing commercially recognized brands and designer names. There's just no escaping his perfect bone structure, piercing eyes and workingman's physique.
For most of Justin Bieber's millions of female fans, the teen pop star will remain forever out of reach — his smooth dancing, impeccably coiffed locks, and velvety vocals to be experienced only in brief glimpses on TV and the radio.
The fans' love is bittersweet, to be certain. But take heart, girls — you may have more in common with Justin than you thought. In fact, you might have the same jeans in your closet.
A couple weeks ago, JCPenney found itself in serious and very public hot water when it was discovered the retailer was selling a t-shirt that read "I'm too pretty to do homework" to little girls.
JCPenney pulled the shirt from its site, but now it looks like Forever 21 is filling the void with a shirt that announces the female wearer is "allergic to algebra," which critics say perpetuates the stereotype that women are bad at math.
For most of us, our pre-teen years aren't exactly loaded with fashion choices we grow up to be proud of — but then, most of us aren't Willow Smith.
The 10-year-old pop star and entertainment scion was named one of America's "Icons of Stateside Style" in the most recent issue of Vogue, joining Katy Perry and Taylor Swift on a list of the nation's most fashionable women.
She's one of the most successful recording artists of the last decade, so you might think Lady Gaga could settle down and stop looking for additional work — but the pop star, who was already moonlighting as Polaroid's creative director, is adding "fashion designer intern" to her list of jobs.
Reportedly, Ms. Gaga will be working for British hat maven Philip Treacy, whose chapeaus have memorably graced the domes of Princess Beatrice, Sarah Jessica Parker, and others. According to Treacy, he's already met with Gaga to discuss the details.


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For startups shopping for VC money, targeting an acquisition is one of the primary options for an exit. To help pick your targets, TechRepublic has broken down how the top 10 tech ...
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FCC CIO David Bray talks about the challenges of updating the agency's IT infrastructure, which has been challenged to ingest more than three million comments about net neutrality.
Make tribal knowledge your data science team's secret weapon
When you embrace tribal knowledge with the right management philosophy, you can achieve superior data science capability at little to no additional cost.
10 ways to supercharge your applications
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A dash of cloud and sprinkle of start-ups: An experimental recipe for winning new business
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An octopus has eight legs, but they are more commonly referred to as tentacles. The name "octopus" is directly derived from the prefix "oct-" which means eight and is found in other words such as "octagon."Know More
On each of the octopus' legs are suction cups that help the animal attach itself to surfaces. When threatened by predators, the octopus releases a stream of black ink that disrupts vision in the water and allows the octopus to flee. The octopus' squishy body allows it to hide in crevices that are unreachable by most ocean animals. If a predator happens to catch one of the octopus' legs, it can detach it and regenerate it again without any permanent damage.Learn more about Octopi
The common octopus, the most widely researched octopus species, reaches up to approximately 39 inches in length and weighs as much as 25 pounds, according to Arkive. Other species are significantly different in size, ranging from about half an inch (octopus wolfi) to more than 14 feet (Pacific octopus).Full Answer >
There is no term for a group of octopus, as the mollusks are solitary, according to the Vancouver Aquarium. While some species of squid, another type of mollusk, live in schools when young, the octopus lives alone in underwater dens its entire life.Full Answer >
Though it breathes through gills, the octopus is not a fish but a cephalopod marine mollusk. Also, unlike a fish, an octopus is an invertebrate, which means it doesn't have a backbone. It also has three hearts.Full Answer >
Female octopuses reproduce by first fertilizing their eggs with the sperm from a male and then depositing and caring for her eggs. The young octopuses, however, must care for themselves. They must secure food and avoid predators in order to grow, mature and eventually reproduce themselves.Full Answer >


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Regional Manager
W&O Transforms Corporate Structure
Regional Manager Positions Created to Better Serve Customers. W&O, the United States' largest supplier of marine valves, pipe, fittings, engineered products, valve automation and data management systems, announced today that it has transformed its corporate structure to better serve its customers and foster continued growth at its North American and European operations. The company has created six regional management positions for a more strategic approach to the marketplace. These positions will provide more direct senior-level leadership in working with its customer base and local management teams. "Due to growth W&O has experienced and the continued expansion we have projected for the future, we saw the need to create regional management positions that focus on the overall internal and external needs at our branches," said Michael Hume, President and CEO of W&O. "To fulfill these roles, we've identified individuals who have industry and W&O experience, and have a deep understanding of our customer base. Their knowledge of the markets they represent at the regional level will foster a higher level of customer service and active involvement with their markets." The following individuals have been appointed to these positions. Scott Hendrickson, Northeast Regional Manager
Globe Wireless Establishes New Office
Globe Wireless has established a new office in Houston, Texas, and appointed Greg Halverson as regional manager of Offshore Sales. Halverson will lead the company's GlobeOffshore® sales efforts in the Gulf of Mexico as well as lending support to Offshore sales worldwide. With more than 16 years of sales experience, including seven years selling communications solutions to the offshore industry, Halverson has had a variety of sales and management positions with MCI Telecommunications
AMCV's Sales Division Is Poised For Growth
In response to the quadrupling of its planned passenger berth capacity between 2000 and 2004, American Classic Voyages (AMCV), has reorganized its sales division. According to Roderick K. McLeod, the company's president and COO, Thomas E. Blaikie was named vice president of sales for all of the company's brands. A 30-year veteran of the travel industry, Blaikie joined AMCV in 1996. He joins Rolf P. Logan, the company's new director of field sales, as well as two regional managers, Anthony J
EMMF Enhances Services
ExxonMobil Marine Fuels (EMMF) is expanding and further enhancing its services in the Mediterranean region. An additional chartered barge at Suez, ex-pipe capability at Fos and improved product availability at Augusta are the impetus behind this drive. Charles Amyot, EMMF's recently appointed Regional Manager for Southern Europe, says: "Vessels bunkering in the Mediterranean benefit from EMMF's facilities, which operate in a unique ports network
Indonesian Offshore Contract for Veripos
Aberdeen-based Veripos has been awarded a major contract by PT Pageo Utama of Jakarta for provision of GNSS precise positioning facilities in support of two three-year regional survey and navigation service projects being carried out by the Indonesian company on behalf of BP West Java and CNOOC South East Sumatra. The contract for the two projects also covers supply by Veripos of integrated demodulator and GNSS receivers in addition to associated proprietary QC software to ensure
DNV Greater China Offshore Committee
Zhou Shouwei, Vice General Manager of CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering accepted DNV's invitation to be the chairman of the DNV Greater China Offshore Committee. The DNV Offshore Committee is the first of its kind to be organized by a classification society in China. "The objective of establishing this committee is to create a forum where senior executives from the Chinese offshore industry can meet to exchange
LCL Strengthens U.S. Presence
LCL is pleased to announce that Mr. Hans Christian Jensen will join the USA organization on November 1, 2005. Mr. Jensen (36) has a solid background in shipping as well as logistics. In the early 90's, Hans Christian began working with J. Lauritzen in Copenhagen. Since 1994, he has worked overseas in Mexico, USA and Brazil, where he held several different positions in operations, chartering and general management within the J. Lauritzen Group.
ASA New Leaders for 2009-2011
Mauricio Garrido, Vice President, Salvage and Emergency Response for Bisso Marine Co., Inc. (Houston, Texas), has been elected President of the American Salvage Association (ASA) at its recent meeting in Arlington, Va., October 5, 2009. Tim Beaver, Chief Executive Officer of Global Diving & Salvage, Inc. (Seattle, WA), has been elected ASA's Vice President. Paul Hankins, Vice President for Operations, Donjon Marine (Alexandria, VA), has been elected Secretary/Treasurer.
DNV GL Open New South China Office
Ship classification society DNV GL says it has opened its new office in Guangzhou to support business growth in this shipbuilding area. Located in downtown Guangzhou, the new, expanded DNV GL office services as a centre for the company's operations in South China. Headed by Area Manager Gu Xiaoli, DNV GL South China covers the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi and Hainan. "South China is one of the three national shipbuilding bases laid out by the Chinese government
Furuno's Ed Davis Passes Away
Ed Davis, an industry veteran and longtime employee at Furuno USA, Inc., passed away on April 30. Ed was Furuno USA's Mid-Atlantic Regional Manager since September 1992, working closely with dealers who he not only called customers, but his friends. Prior to working at Furuno, Ed had his own marine manufacturer's rep company, where he represented Datamarine International, Audiovox and Shakespeare Electronics
IR Class Launches Advisory Committee
IRClass (Indian Register of Shipping) has established a senior level advisory committee in the United Arab Emirates in an effort to increase activity and foster business links in the region. The committee comprises of 11 senior representatives from the shipping industry in UAE and is headed by
DNV GL Launches Singapore Service Center
DNV GL's new Singapore Service Center (SSC) will streamline customer support and enhance customers' experiences by giving them a single point of contact for all operational issues. Singapore is a growing maritime hub, which has hundreds of shipmanagers with approximately 1
ClassNK Opens R&D Center in Singapore
Classification society ClassNK promoted the activities of its new Global Research and Innovation Center (GRIC) at a press conference held today in Singapore. Joined by representatives from Nanyang Technological University, ClassNK Executive Vice President Tetsuya Kinoshita explained the
DNV GL Wins KOGAS TQ Contract
DNV GL Korea, the technical advisor to the oil and gas industry, has been awarded a technology qualification (TQ) contract with Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) for a FEED Package for a 5MTPA onshore LNG liquefaction plant based on the innovative KSMR liquefaction process.
DNV GL bags Two Lloyd's List Awards
DNV GL was recognized for its leadership and ability to innovate when it received both the "Classification Society" and the "Innovation Award" at the 2014 Lloyd's List Asia Awards held on 30 October. This is the second year in a row that DNV GL has won the
ClassNK Registered Al Kout Delivered to KOTC
Leading classification society ClassNK announced that it has completed work on the 165,178GT VLCC Al Kout, built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. (DSME) as part of a series of vessels constructed for the Kuwait Oil Tanker Company S.A.K. (KOTC)
Deepwater Semi-Sub COSL Prospector Delivered
COSLProspector, the fourth deep-water semi-submersible drilling rig built by CIMC Raffles for China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL), has been delivered in Yantai, Shandong Province. It represents another milestone for China's deep-water drilling rig going into the global mainstream market
World's Largest Boxship is DNV GL classed
CSCL Globe, the world's largest containership and the first of a series of five 19,100 TEU containerships ordered by China Shipping Container Lines (CSCL) in 2013, has been named at Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) in Ulsan, South Korea.
ISS Appoints Riaan Blom as VP Sales, Africa
Inchcape Shipping Services (ISS) the world-leading marine, cargo and supply chain solutions provider has announced another key hire to its African regional management team as the company gears up for ambitious growth across the region in 2015.
Thome Group Appoints New CEO
The Thome Group has announced the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer, Olav Magnus Nortun, who will take up the position on 1st April, 2015. Mr Nortun, a Norwegian national, brings with him vast experience in the maritime industry
IMB: Asia Maritime Piracy Attacks on the Rise
Piracy, armed attacks on ships in Asia at highest since 2006. Asia accounted for three-quarters of global maritime piracy last year after a surge in tanker hijackings helped to fuel a 22 percent jump in armed robbery and pirate attacks on ships in the region.
GE Electric Propulsion Equipment for LNG Carriers
GE Power Conversion receives first order in Japan from Kawasaki Heavy for electric propulsion motor equipment for LNG vessels GE's Power Conversion business has received a new order from Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. for electric power and propulsion systems for two LNG carriers
DNV GL Opens New Central China Office
DNV GL has opened a new office in Nanjing, China, covering most of the Jiangsu Province and following the Yangtze River upstream to Chongqing and Sichuan. Headed by area manager Chen Keng, DNV GL Central China aims to support business growth in the area and act as center for operations in Central
Atlantic Offshore Rescue Appoints UK Managing Director
Atlantic Offshore Rescue has appointed a new managing director for its U.K. division to lead the organization from its Aberdeen base. Matthew Gordon joined the company at the start of the year and replaces John Bryce, who is retiring but will continue to be involved in Atlantic
DNV GL Certifies Liberty One
Classification society DNV GL has certified Liberty One under ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 for its quality and environment management system. Matthias Ritters, DNV GL Regional Manager Germany, presented the certificates in Bremen to Dietrich Schulz, owner and Managing Director of Liberty One


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Select Local Merchants
NW's LARGEST garage sale with antiquesRead MoreGarage sales are full of hidden treasures, all waiting to be found by the right person. So even though you'll have to do some digging around at NW's LARGEST Garage Sale and Vintage Sale, you can rest assured that you'll eventually unearth something special. Twice per year, this true-to-its-name community garage sale unpacks thousands of wares, and it rarely?if ever?disappoints. Hundreds of individual sellers set up shop with antique collectibles, jewelry, clothing, electronics, tools, and pretty much everything else under the sun, and it's the shoppers' job to figure out just how much they're willing to lug home. The best part for the sellers? They get to keep 100% of their sales, meaning they don't have to give a single cent to that dusty old accountant hanging out in the box marked "Office Supplies."17402 NE DELFEL RDRidgefield, WA US
Moxie RunnersRead MoreMoxie Runners encourages a fun, active lifestyle for others, regardless of their speed or fitness level. During the program's annual race, participants wind their way through Ridgefield and Vancouver toward the strains of music emanating from the finish line. A portion of race proceeds further encourages fitness by benefiting programs for preteen girls that boost self-confidence through running and walking rather than forcing them to write one another fan mail.17200 Northeast Delfel RoadRidgefield, WA US


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Alex Ovechkin Vs Ilya Kovalchuk
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Originally Posted by
As of now, who would you rather have on your team?
Kovalchuk has been very consistant over the years, averaging 80-90 pts and 45 goals per season.
Ovechkin has reached higher point totals in the past, having 4 seasons in the 100-110 points and hitting the 50 goal plateau 4 times...allthough he seemed to struggle those past 2 seasons and some even believe he is not gonna climb back to 100+ point production. You also have to take in consideration that Ovechkin is surrounded by a better crew offensively speaking.
I'm asking this question because I currently have a real hard time deciding who between the 2 I would pick.
Kovalchuk has averaged in his career 0.52 G/G and 0.48 A/G = 1 P/G
Ovechkin has averaged 0.61 G/G and 0.61 A/G = 1.22 P/G
The ONLY year when Kovalchuk has outproduced Ovechkin was last season.
Kovy has played 11 seasons in the NHL in which he has produced PPG+ pace in 6 times. Just about every second season.
Ovechkin has played 7 seasons in the NHL in which he has produced 6 consecutive PPG+ seasons, including 4x100+ points.
Kovy was not a any more well rounded than Ovechkin in his years prior to last one. Which was the only year he was better than Ovechkin since they have played in the league at the same time. If you give credit to Kovalchuk about being consistent then you at least have to do the same to Ovechkin.
But this is a valid question, since Ovechkin has so many question marks. If he somehow manages to bounce back in the 50 goal 90+ point territory i would take him but if this is in fact Ovechkin declining, as it seems, i would probably go with Kovalchuk. He seems to have found his game last year and considering that he keeps up that kind of play for the next 3-5 years he is one of the most valuable players.
Kovy will never be as good as Ovechkin can be, but i don't really know if Ovechkin will be as good as he can be either.
Being a OV fanboy i will still pick him, but next time they play in the NHL together i need Ovechkin to actually come back to life. One more season and after that i give up on him. I already waited for two.
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Roobina Karode will discuss the ongoing exhibition at the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art showcasing Nasreen Mohamedi's retrospective, 'A View to Infinity'. She will be expounding on the curatorial choices she made in the shaping of the exhibition, the challenges she encountered and share her ongoing formulations on Nasreen's distinctive art pedagogy and practice, her oeuvre and the trajectory of subliminal abstraction that she steered at a time when figural narration was predominant in India.
As her student at the Faculty of Fine Arts, M.S. University of Baroda, and as her neighbour, Karode came to know the artist very closely through many interactions with the artist from 1977 to 1990. Having spent long hours at her studio-cum-home, she will be sharing the artist's persona with the audience through personal anecdotes and rare insights registered by her into the self-evolving discipline of Nasreen, with regard to both, her art and life.
Yashwant Deshmukh, now in his early fifties, looks back at and beyond the evolution of his practice that spans over 25 years. Deshmukh's canvases reverberate what his innumerable drawings silently observe. A brief interaction with his work exhibited so far might lead to traces of 'style' - muted colours that subdue layers of texture and almost geometric shapes marked with bold outlines. These impressions do last, as Deshmukh maintains a steady pace. During the two and half decades, a gradual process of arriving at an accomplishment in form and style, sensing a comfort zone and then a departure, can be sensed in his oeuvre.
The first departure the artist made was from the Sir J.J. School of Art, Mumbai, where he was trained. He took to drawing with a resolve to unlearn. The solitude ended after many months, and so did the artist's search for subject. His drawings and the imminent paintings had revealed to him that the subject is within. He became a narrator of his own visual experiences. His technique facilitated aggregation of the personal. The artist took geometry to a literally impossible task- to evoke feelings. The presentation and conversation is aimed at mapping the points of departure in Deshmukh's work. It is a journey to the expanses of Vidarbha region, to a distant village in Vasai, to Mumbai where he lives and works and to the cities and countries he visited while his work grew beyond cultural codes.
Admission free and open to all | The program will be in Marathi and English.
Parvathi Nayar's uniquely hybrid work examines the narratives of spatial relationships: both the internal spaces within our bodies, and the external in which we live, and often through the prism of science and technology. By treating her artworks as sites of dialogue where different elements – the scientific and the intuitive, the historical and the contemporary – meet and converse, she encourages viewers to re-experience once-familiar perspectives.
Prajakta Potnis's work dwells between the intimate world of an individual and the world outside, which is separated sometimes only by a wall. She refers to the wall as a witness to history that has traces of inhabitance embedded within. She tries to contextualize the wall as a membrane through which imperceptible elements pass and affect the psyche of individuals, addressing private and social anxieties.
In Fluid Conversations, the artists will present selected works to introduce their practice, and specifically focus on their exciting site-specific installations at the Kochi Biennale 2014-15. Exploring the linkages between inner and outer spaces, the conversation will trace multiple trajectories in their practice that find a resonance in their projects at the Biennale.
Admission free and open to all.
The artists, Swapnaa Tamhane and Aman Sandhu, have been interested in the idea of display, particularly some of the strategies of display in relation to the consumer. Taking particular reference from shop windows in small towns of Germany, which have a certain emptiness, the series of photographs that have formed their research, are linked to the concept of phantasmagoria. The site-specific work, SETS (2015), produced for FOCUS Festival at The Hive discusses this concept.
The artists are based in Germany, and have been working in collaboration since 2011. Their concerns are connected back to a dialogue around landscape, space, or culture. Past works include drawings, sculptures, performances, that are responsive to new landscapes in which they have found themselves. They use the term landscape in a broad sense, linking them to ideas of displacement, diasporic sensibility, inner and outer responses, and environmental influences.
Admission free and open to all
CAMP talks about the mutual development of ideas, collaborations and "encounter strategies" in As If (I- IV), their series of ongoing exhibitions across Kolkata, Delhi and Mumbai. As If is expanded upon as the title and framing device of these series of shows. In conjunction with their exhibition, As If - IV Night for Day, the Mohile Parikh Center presents a talk, followed by a walkthrough by CAMP, at Chemould Prescott Road.
In early film craft, Day for Night was when night scenes were shot in the day - a trick of necessity. Night for Day propagates this idea in the reverse direction. Screens fill the space with electric, sonic, filmic and other uncategorisable works from 2003 to 2015 that took place in the nighttime worlds of Bombay, Delhi, Kabul, Dakar, London, and other non-places exploring time, energy and imagination on the other side of the 'everyday'. CAMP brings into the gallery their version of what was once called the 'virtual', which not so long ago broke the horizon of what is (or what could have been) possible to see, hear or sense.
In collaboration with Chemould Prescott Road.
Swiss artist, Mirjam Spoolder was inspired by the nine districts of Delhi to create this exhibition, Nine Times Nine, a project which questions what one's place is in this overpopulated and multicultural world. While discussing these works, the artist will develop nine wearable objects out of these photograph patterns, with the aim to crossover four different mediums into one form of art: photography, design, sculpture and performance art. The project is supported by a grant from Pro Helvetia - Swiss Arts Council and IAAB / Ateliermondial in Basel, Switzerland for a residency in Delhi.
Born in the Netherlands, Mirjam has lived and worked in Basel, Switzerland since 2007. She studied sculpting at the art Academy in Enschede and Theatre in Rotterdam. Finally, after moving to Switzerland, she finished her education in Master of Fine Arts in Basel in 2010. She reflects art into fashion design by producing individual art pieces and transforms them into performance art. Through photography, she tries to capture these three mediums together into one image.
The way modern Indian art and Indian culture are viewed in globally important art institutions has changed. This is evident from recent displays at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the Venice Biennale, London's Tate Modern, the New York Guggenheim and Rotterdam's Witte de With. No longer are indebtedness and belatedness the only prisms through which Indian and other non-Western forms of modernism are viewed. The examples of Nasreen Mohamedi, V.S. Gaitonde and Tyeb Mehta illustrate the shift in understanding.
Will the new openness result in a more widespread revaluation of culturally inflected modernism? This talk will refer to the sentimentalism of twentieth century Indian art, an emotiveness that departs from established norms of modernism. The artists cited are Ravi Varma, Abanindranath Tagore, Chittaprosad, S.L. Parasher, Nasreen Mohamedi, Amar Kanwar, and A. Balasubramaniam. Further, the biennial as the primary mode of the dissemination of contemporary art will be investigated with questions of how well-equipped it is to accommodate cultural difference.
Admission free and open to all.
Baptist Coelho incorporates installation, video, sound, photography, found objects, site-specific works and public art projects in his art practice. His projects frequently merge personal research with collaboration from people of various cultures, geographies and histories. Throughout his practice, he employs the use of atmospheric stimuli and residual work, such as found objects, to engage the viewer into the story and allow them an interactive space to reflect on their own surroundings and predicaments.
As immersive experiences, his projects take on the mode of being 'works in progress', which become the foundation for long-term projects. His work takes the form of various media which often contend with history, conflict, gender and emotions. Exploring the multiple possibilities of new media and conjuring meaning out of raw experiences, Coelho articulates unspoken stories that have local contexts, but describe global perspectives. The artist will be in conversation with author and journalist, Deepanjana Pal, who has written extensively on his work.
Admission free and open to all.
The large-scale painting 'Mumbai Proverbs' marks a culmination of Sudhir Patwardhan's forty-year engagement with Mumbai. Patwardhan's relationship with Mumbai has changed through these four decades, as the metropolis itself has undergone drastic transformation. In the past, writes the artist, "I have mainly employed three strategies to paint the city: the street-level view of a participant; the panoramic view of a observer; and, lately, the guarded view of a city fragment, viewed while looking out of a window. When I began sketching and thinking about the current project, I realised I wanted to bring into play all these earlier strategies. Given the scale, the panorama would predominate, but it would be inter-spread with breaks and close-ups. Interiors of homes, factories, offices would merge with the streets and aerial views. Inside and outside, near and far, private and public, would be brought together. Mumbai is transforming daily, giving us glimpses of the future; and Mumbai has a past that, too, is everywhere." Patwardhan chose a seven-panel structure, reminiscent of a Japanese screen: "Binodbehari Mukherjee's Hindi Bhavan mural at Santiniketan was a point of reference, as were Diego Rivera's Detroit Industry Mural and Leger's 'City'." Read from left to right, the panels narrate the city from its colonial beginnings to the Information Technology age. The other narrative linking the fragments is the flaneur's roaming, which discovers what makes this one city, indeed, one's city. Patwardhan will be in conversation with poet and cultural theorist Ranjit Hoskote, who has written extensively on his work.
The program is organised by the Mohile Parikh Center in collaboration with the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Mumbai
Atul Dodiya and Ranjit Hoskote have enjoyed a friendship and collaboration that extends across 25 years. They have interacted in various modes: Dodiya as artist, reader of literature, viewer of cinema and raconteur; Hoskote as poet, art critic, cultural theorist and curator. Over the years, Hoskote has contributed essays to the catalogues of Dodiya's exhibitions, and curated two monographic exhibitions of his work, Bombay: Labyrinth/ Laboratory (Japan Foundation Asia Center, Tokyo, 2001) and Experiments with Truth: Atul Dodiya, Works 1981-2013 (National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, 2013). Dodiya and Hoskote have also collaborated on an artist book, featuring a series of watercolours by the former and a sequence of texts by the latter, Pale Ancestors (Bodhi Art, 2008). In 2014, Prestel Verlag, in collaboration with the Vadehra Art Gallery, published the 468-page monograph, Atul Dodiya, edited by Hoskote and including essays by the editor, Enrique Juncosa and Thomas McEvilley, as well as a conversation between the artist and Nancy Adajania, along with an exhaustive record of the artist's work over more than three decades. To celebrate the publication of this monograph, Dodiya and Hoskote will engage in a public conversation ranging across a variety of subjects that have fascinated them both: the emergence of the literary avant-gardes in India in the 1960s and 1970s, the challenges facing artists during the 1990s, the negotiation of the globalized present, the presence of language within Dodiya's images, and the role of the artist as collector and researcher.
Admission free and open to all.


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'The Voice' Season 5 Finals: There Will Be An Answer
photo: NBC
They don't call it "The Voice" for nothin'. It was a big ole battle of the multi-octave divas on Monday's final "Voice" Season 5 showdown, as the remarkable Tessanne Chin took on Whitney Houston's near-untouchable "I Have Nothing," and then pint-sized powerhouse Jacquie Lee belted Jennifer Holliday's gauntlet-throwing Dreamgirls epic "And I Am Telling You." Even with the volume turned down, this was one very loud episode.
But where did that leave the quiet man of Season 5, scrappy singer-songwriter Will Champlin, who sang in between these two mighty-lung'd ladies? Did he get lost in the shuffle? Or is it possible that Tessanne and Jacquie could cancel each other out, thus leaving an opening for the nerdy, likable Will to pull off one of the biggest underdog upsets in singing-show history on Tuesday's grand finale?
Let's recap all of the performances and assess...
Tessanne Chin (Team Adam) – For their first numbers, each of the contestants revisited their Blind Audition songs, which I thought was a bit of a cop-out on the show's part. I would have preferred to hear new tunes. But hey, if I had to hear a "Voice" oldie, at least it was a goodie, because Tessanne's cover of Pink's "Try" was just about as fantastic as I remember it being the first time around. If anything, she rocked a little harder this time, more confident than ever after coming off of such a strong Season 5 run. Her presence, as she worked the stage in an elegant jumpsuit and an architectural updo, was the presence of a true star. A rock star. "Everything you do just draws me in," gushed Tessanne's proud coach, Adam Levine. "I've enjoyed the process of working with you so much…[Your talent is] exceedingly rare. I've never seen anything like it in my life."
Will Champlin (Team Adam) – I don't recall being all that impressed by Will's first audition, mainly because his song choice, Gavin DeGraw's "Not Over You," was so ho-hum. I really would have rather seen him sing something else tonight. But that being said, this was a marked improvement over his Blind Auditions version. Before, he was scruffy and a bit geeky; now, he'd somehow morphed into an Adam Levine mini-me, with a salon haircut, a GQ suit, lots of swagger, and maybe even a few moves like Jagger. But he's still a lovable dork at heart; there's just something endearing about the guy, and when I see him onstage, I always root for him. "There isn't anyone who works harder," said Adam. "I have profound respect for you. You have really overcome the biggest hurdles in this competition." Then Christina Aguilera, the only other coach still in this season's running, actually said Will was in the "bottom three" instead of the "top three." An innocent flub, a Freudian slip, or just straight-up shade? With Xtina, sometimes it's tough to tell.