text:
A method for restoring a tooth by endodontically preparing the tooth to accept a dental post. Polyacrylic acid solution is supplied to the prepared area afterwhich it is rinsed out and the area dried. A drying agent has been applied to the prepared area and, likewise, the area is dried out. The dental post is then secured in place through the use of a cement. Preferably, the cement is a filled resin cement with the filler material being approximately 15%-30% of the cement. The drying agent is preferably an ethyl-methyl ketone. The invention also includes a kit containing the materials for implementing the method.
1. A method for restoring a tooth, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing the tooth to accept a dental prosthesis;
(b) applying a polyacrylic acid solution to the prepared area;
(c) rinsing the prepared area until the area is clear from the polyacrylic acid solution;
(d) applying a drying agent to the prepared area; and
(e) securing a dental prosthesis to the prepared area through the use of a dental cement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dental cement is a two part cement including a base and a catalyst.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cement is a filled resin cement.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said cement is a Bis-GMA cement.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of mica, glass, and silica.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cement includes between 15%-30% filler.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said cement is an acrylic base cement.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the filler has a particle size below 1 micron.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyacrylic acid solution comprises between 10%-25% polyacrylic acid.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the polyacrylic acid has a molecular weight of between 25,000 to 100,000.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the drying agent is an ethyl-methyl ketone.
12. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the step of drying the prepared area both after the step of rinsing and after the step of applying a drying agent.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said rinsing is achieved with water.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said prosthesis is a dental crown secured by a dental post, and wherein said step of preparing includes formation of an apical bore in the tooth to receive the dental post, and wherein the dental post is seated in the bore with the dental cement.
15. A method of fabricating a dental restoration, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing the tooth including formation of an apical bore in the tooth;
(b) applying a polyacrylic acid solution to the bore;
(c) rinsing the bore until it is clear from the solution;
(d) applying a drying agent to the bore;
(e) cementing a post into the bore; and
(f) forming a core and restoration on the post.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein cement used in said cementing step is a filled resin cement.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cement is a filled Bis-GMA cement.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of mica, glass, and silica.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the drying agent is an ethyl-methyl ketone.
20. A kit for use in securing a dental prosthesis to a prepared tooth, comprising:
polyacrylic acid solution for cleaning the prepared tooth area;
a drying agent for application to the prepared area to completely dry out the prepared area; and
a dental cement for securing a dental prosthesis to the prepared area.
21. A kit as in claim 20, wherein the cement is a filled resin cement.
22. The kit of claim 21, wherein the filler is between 15%-30% of the cement.
23. The kit of claim 22, wherein the filler has a particle size below 1 micron.
24. The kit of claim 21, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, glass, and silica.
25. The kit as in claim 21, further comprising pipettes for applying the polyacrylic acid solution and for applying the drying agent.
26. The kit of claim 20, wherein the cement is a filled Bis-GMA cement.
27. The kit of claim 20, wherein the cement is a filled acrylic base cement.
28. The kit of claim 20, wherein the drying agent is an ethyl-methyl ketone.
29. The kit of claim 20, wherein the polyacrylic acid solution comprises between 10%-25% polyacrylic acid.
30. The kit as in claim 29, wherein the polyacrylic acid has a molecular weight of between 25,000-100,000.
This invention relates to dental restorations, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for securing a dental post within a prepared endodontically treated tooth in connection with a coronal replacement using a post and cement techniques.
One of the most commonly used dental restorations is the formation of a crown to replace a missing coronal tooth structure. Such techniques generally involve formation of a bore, typically along the apical canal and the securement of a post within the bore. A core is built up onto the post head protruding from the bore, and an artificial crown is then secured in place on the core.
Various types of dental posts have been utilized for maintaining the superstructure in place. One type of post, generally referred to as active post, uses external threads for threading the post into the tooth understructure. While these active posts provide good retention, they generally increase the amount of stress in the tooth understructure and may cause cracking of the tooth. Additionally, even these active posts use cement in addition to the screw threads to retain the post in place.
Other types of posts are referred to as passive posts. While these include grooves to aid in the retention, they rely upon cement to secure the post in place. These passive posts generally do not provide the stress of the active posts. However, in order to provide good retention, adequate cementing techniques are required.
Numerous cements have been known to provide good to excellent results. Some of the more common cements that have been used include those of zinc phosphate, glass-ionomer cement, polycarboxylate, zinc oxide, and resins. One of the most common forms of the resin cement is a Bis-GMA resin. In addition, acrylic base cements have also been utilized such as a methacrylate.
In addition to relying upon the cement alone, additional techniques have been introduced to increase the retention with the available cements. A most common approach is to roughen the post space with a threader, or the like. Occasionally, this technique is referred to as providing a "corrugated" canal to enhance the cementation process.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,457 issued to Goldman and Nathanson, provides yet a further method for enhancing the cementing technique. This patent teaches that after forming the bore, there are dentinal tubules existing within the tooth understructure. However, there exists a sludge or smear layer that covers a portion of the bore or canal walls. This appears as an amorphous layer on the canal wall that obstructs the dentinal tubules. This patent, accordingly, teaches the use of a specific sequence of steps in order to prepare the tooth for a coronal replacement and achieve enhanced retention. The patent teaches a first step of flushing the prepared area with a chelating agent selected from the group consisting of citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This material serves to remove the debris and the smear layer. Thereafter, in a second step, which must follow the previous step, a solvent selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), surface active agents, and emulsifiers are used. This serves to open up the tubules. Thereafter, a suitable luting agent is utilized to secure the post in place.
Subsequent to the above identified patent, a continuation of this patent issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,163 which covered a kit for applying these materials. A subsequent U.S. Pat. No. 4,850,872 issued also on this technique applying the technique to other types of restorations, including placing filler material in a tooth having a caries cavity.
The above mentioned technique covered by the patent, has been licensed to Roydent Company and the preferred material utilized in the commercially available product includes the use of EDTA and NaOCl. The cement that is used is an unfilled Bis-GMA resin. The cement has also been referred to as the Boston Post cement.
While various tests have been conducted to determine which of the various cements provide the best retention, in a study by Anthony H.L. Tjan, et al., in the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, September 1987, Volume 58, #3 in an article entitled "Effects of Various Cementation Methods on the Retention of Prefabricated Posts", it would appear that the best type of retention can be obtained by roughening the post hole prior to utilization of a cement. Furthermore, the type of cement that this article found to be most effective was a resin cement which was used after roughening the post holes using a tap. With such technique, the retention shown was an average of about 120 lbs. Using the technique described in the aforementioned patent, namely, providing initially a rinse of EDTA followed by an irrigation of NaOCl, and thereafter, use of the resin, the retention was an average of only approximately 55 lbs.
The type of resin that was used in this article was a highly filled resin which was selected because it has a lower polymerization shrinkage and higher mechanical strength than unfilled resin. Generally, the more filled the resin is, the lower the polymerization shrinkage. Accordingly, for this reason a high amount of filler was utilized in order to get a lower polymerization shrinkage.
The particular resin described in this article was a composite resin available from Sci-Pharm, Inc. in Duarte, Calif., available under the brand name of Support P/L.
While this Journal article pointed out that improved retention can be achieved through roughening the dental walls, such roughening can apply additional stress to the post canal, can weaken the wall, and adds additional time and complexity to the cementing process.
It would, accordingly, be beneficial if improved cementing techniques could be achieved whereby retention can be increased without the necessity of roughening or corrugating the canal walls.
Accordingly, it is object of the present invention to provide an improved cementing technique for restoring a tooth.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for retaining a dental prosthesis onto a prepared tooth providing increased retention.
Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide a method of retaining a post in a prepared canal which provides improvement without the need for corrugating the canal.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kit for use in dental restorations and, specifically, in connection with securement of endodontic posts.
Briefly, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring a tooth including the steps of first preparing the tooth to accept the dental prosthesis. Thereafter, a polyacrylic acid solution is applied to the prepared area. The prepared area is then thoroughly rinsed until it is clear from the polyacrylic acid solution. Thereafter, a drying agent is applied to the prepared area. Following the drying of the area, the dental prosthesis is secured to the prepared area through the use of a dental cement.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cement that is used is a filled resin cement, wherein the amount of filler is between 15% and 30%. Preferably prior to applying the drying agent, the polyacrylic acid is rinsed with water to completely remove the polyacrylic acid solution.
The drying agent can be any of a number of available drying agents, preferably the drying agent is an ethylmethyl ketone.
The particular method is specifically useful in connection with securement of a dental post in the formation of a crown to replace a missing coronal area of the dentition. Initially, the tooth is endodontically prepared including formation of a bore or canal in the tooth. The canal is sealed in accordance with the usual endodontic techniques for insertion of the post. Thereafter, the above method is utilized for securing the post in place. The core is then built up on the post head and thereafter, a suitable coronal restoration can be secured in place on the core.
The present invention also contemplates providing a kit including the materials required for implementing the above method. The kit would include the polyacrylic acid solution, together with the drying agent, and the necessary dental cement. Additional mechanical implements such as pipettes, and the like, can also be included within the kit encompassed with the present invention.
The aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention will, in part, be pointed out in particularity, and will, in part, become obvious from the following more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, which forms an integral part thereof.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tooth prepared for receiving a dental prosthesis, and specifically, a dental post;
FIG. 2 shows a first step in applying the method, namely, application of a dental preparatory material, and specifically, polyacrylic acid;
FIG. 3 shows another step in the method, and specifically, the application of the drying agent;
FIG. 4 shows a further step, and specifically, the formation of the cement by combining a base material and a catalyst material;
FIG. 5 shows a further step in the method, and specifically, the application of the cement into the prepared canal, and
FIG. 6 shows a final step wherein a post has been secured in the prepared canal and a core and final coronal restoration has been completed on the tooth understructure.
In the various figures of the drawing, likewise, its characters designate like parts.
Referring back to FIG. 1, there is shown a dental understructure 10 which has undergone endodontic therapy. The tooth is then prepared for restoration as if the pulp were intact. The preparation includes at least 1.5 mm of sound tooth structure apical to the core for a desired ferrule effect. If that amount of tooth structure is not available, it should be created by periodontal crown lengthening or forced eruption. As shown in FIG. 1, the apical portion is designated at about 4 mm with the sound tooth being of about 1.5 mm. The prepared canal is shown at 12. If necessary, a radiograph can be used to determine the suitable diameter and depth of the post space preparation.
The gutta-percha is removed to a desired depth with a Gates Glidden drill, Peeso reamer, or hot instrument. At least 4 mm of gutta-percha should be maintained to protect the apical seal. Again, radiographic verification can be used for this purpose.
As is well known in the art, if the canal has been obturated with a silver cone, it should be removed and the apex resealed with gutta-percha before preparation of the post space. The post space is then prepared in accordance with the type of post being utilized.
The present cementing procedure is shown in FIG. 2 wherein a bottle of the dental preparation material 14 contains the polyacrylic acid solution. A fresh clean pipette 16 is used to pick up the dental preparation material from the bottle 14. Enough material is used to fill the lower chamber of the pipette. The polyacrylic acid material is then applied into the prepared canal 12. Typically, the material is applied from the bottom of the sealed canal by back filling.
The dental preparation material, specifically, the polyacrylic acid solution, is syringed into the bottom of the canal with the pipette. The material is left there for a short period of time, typically, approximately 20 secs. Thereafter, the canal is rinsed with water until it is clear from the polyacrylic acid solution. The canal is then dried completely with endodontic absorbent points.
Refer now to FIG. 3, another pipette 18 is now utilized to apply a drying agent material 20 into the canal 12. The drying agent is again kept in the canal for a short period of time, typically, about 10 secs. The canal is then dried with endodontic absorbent points. Both pipettes can be discarded after their individual use.
Refer now to FIG. 4, wherein the cement is mixed. Typically, the cement comprises a first part generally referred to as the base material contained in a first dispensing syringe 24, and a second part, typically, the catalyst material provided in a second dispensing syringe 26. Generally, these are referred to typically as Parts A and B of the cement material. The two parts are placed in equal amount on a mixing pad 28. In the type of syringes 24, 26 the amount of material expressed from the syringes can be controlled by the amount of turning of the handles 29, 30. By rotating each equal amount, equal amount of materials will be expressed from the syringes 24, 26.
The Parts A and B are mixed well with a spatula 30, typically, for about 30 secs., or until a uniform color is obtained.
As shown in FIG. 5, a lentulo spiral 32 is then utilized to spin the cement material into the canal 12. The canal walls are completely covered. Likewise, the post 34, prior to placement, is also coated with cement. The post is then fully seated into the canal 12. The excess cement vents to the outside of the canal and then is removed. After the cement is set, a core 36 is built up onto the post head 38 and, thereafter, the suitable crown or other coronal restoration 40 is completed.
The dental preparation material is a polyacrylic acid solution. It has been found, that this solution should contain between 10% and 25% of polyacrylic acid. The molecular weight should be between 25,000 and 100,000. Generally, it has been found that the higher molecular weight, the greater the viscosity of the material.
The drying agent is an ethyl-methyl ketone. Such drying agents are available from various sources, such as the product Cavidry, available from Parkell, Farmingdale, N.Y. having acting ingredients of ethyl-methyl ketone and ethyl-acetate. Another such product is sold under the name Cavilax, by the Premier Dental Products Co., Morristown, Pa., and manufactured in Germany by ESPE GmbH and Co.
The type of cement that is being utilized is a Bis-GMA resin cement, having a small amount of filler, typically, between 15% and 30%. The filler can be any filler material such as mica, glass, or preferably silica. The particle size of the silica should be less than 1 micron. Such bis-GMA cement is virtually the same as that used in the Boston Post system, however, that cement is an unfilled resin while it has been preferably been found that by using a limiting amount of filler, the compressive strength is increased. Although use of only a small amount of filler provides a greater amount of polymerization shrinkage than would be if a larger amount of resin is utilized, however, an improvement in retention has been found with the limited amount of filled resin. Concerning the polymerization shrinkage, since the material is used in small quantities and thin layers, the shrinkage has not been found to be any problem. Furthermore, the shrinkage in any event would be less than that of the Boston Post cement which has been used quite successfully. The handling characteristics of the cement has been found to be very favorable, handling better than prior art cements.
In tests conducted with various available cements, it has been found that the present cement with the method described has provided far superior results, and in fact, has provided results comparable to that achieved with the use of a corrugated canal, yet, without the stress resulting from corrugations. The following is a summary of the test results. The values are given in Kgs required to unseat the post. In all instances, with the resin cements, the cement separated at the tooth cement interface.
______________________________________ Mean Std. Kg Dev.______________________________________Roydent without EDTA 15.6 � 5.46Durelon 18.2 � 4.04Roydent with EDTA 26.0 � 13.14Zinc Phosphate 30.2 � 7.55Present Method without PAA 30.3 � 10.33Present Method with PAA 54.8 � 16.88______________________________________
In connection with the ratio of the Part A to Part B cement, the changes in these ratios only affect the working and setting time. More Part A, namely, more base material provides a faster set while more Part B provides a slower set. The mechanical properties remain virtually unchanged.
Although the specific reason for the unexpected and unusual improved results of the present method may depend upon a number of factors, it is believed that one of the key factors is the particular steps utilized. The polyacrylic acid provides the necessary cleaning of the debris in the canal, as well as removal of the smear layer. Subsequently, rinsing removes the polyacrylic acid along with the rest of the debris material. It is believed, however, in prior methods, when various chemicals were used to open the tubules, the chemicals remained in the tubules and therefore prevented adequate cement from filling the tubules. It is believed that through the use of the drying agents, the tubules are dried out from liquid, including the water rinse. As a result, the tubules are now completely open so that when the cement is utilized, it provides improved mechanical bonding by flowing into the open tubules to provide additional retention.
Furthermore, the use of the filled resin, with the filler material being used to only a small percentage, provides unusual improved retention better than heretofore found without fillers or even with highly filled resin.
While the aforementioned description was in connection with the cementing of an endodontic post, it is believed that the present cement and the method described will find use in other types of dental restorations where improved retention is required.
There has been disclosed heretofore the best embodiment of the invention presently contemplated. However, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without the departing from the spirit of the invention.
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Val Kilmer Takes Selfie After Being Released From HospitalFebruary 09, 2015 02:02:13
The 'Batman Forever' actor was released from hospital on Friday, February 6 after allegedly being treated for a possible throat tumor.
Report: Val Kilmer's Family Believes He Neglected His Tumor Because of ReligionFebruary 03, 2015 03:02:17
The 'Batman Forever' actor reportedly refused to get medical treatment until recently because of his Christian Science beliefs.
Val Kilmer Denies Having Throat Tumor, Gets Treated for 'Complication'February 02, 2015 12:02:25
The 'Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang' actor says he receives care at the UCLA Medical Center for 'a complication' and is still waiting for X-ray results.
Val Kilmer Is Recovering After Undergoing Surgery for Throat TumorJanuary 31, 2015 11:01:42
The 'Batman Forever' actor was rushed to UCLA Medical Center on Monday night, January 26 after he began bleeding from the throat.
Kickstarter Launched for 'Breaking Bad' Sequel Starring Val Kilmer and SlashJuly 17, 2014 03:07:41
A fan of the AMC series pitches the insane project that follows two cops who try to answer whether Walter White is alive and where he is.
Val Kilmer on New Batman: 'Give Ben Affleck a Chance'August 26, 2013 11:08:19
'The Avengers' director Joss Whedon also believes the 'Argo' actor 'just needs the material' to 'crush it.'
Val Kilmer Facing More Tax WoesDecember 29, 2010 01:12:58
The Internal Revenue Service filed a $498,165 lien against Kilmer on November 30 in New Mexico.
Val Kilmer Lowers New Mexico Ranch Price by $10 MillionOctober 27, 2010 01:10:14
The house which has 10-bedroom was initially put on market for $33 million but is now offered for $23 million.
Val Kilmer Picked as Chairman at Santa Fe Film Festival Despite Controversial StatementJuly 09, 2010 02:07:24
After criticized for his statement about the state and the people who live in the state, the actor has determined to help bring some of the best filmmakers he knows to the city.

subset: commoncrawl


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Baby Boomers and Beyond: Tapping the Ministry Talents and Passions of Adults over 50 - eBook
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Product Description
With the explosion of the older adult population, this important book explores the opportunities and challenges that this presents for the Christian community. Amy Hanson challenges us to let go of many old stereotypes regarding aging and embrace a new paradigm that sees older adults as active, healthy and capable of making significant contributions.
- Debunks the myths of aging that keep us from fully embracing the potential of people in life's second half
- Offers suggestions on how to re-invent ministry with older adults
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- A volume in the Leadership Network series
The author shows church leaders how they can unleash the power of the baby boomer population to strengthen their congregations.
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Vendor: Jossey-Bass
Publication Date: 2010
Availability: In Stock
Series: Leadership Network
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Amy Hanson, Ph.D., is a speaker, teacher, writer, and consultant who is passionate about motivating church leaders to engage older adults in significant Kingdom work. By the age of twenty-three, she led the active adult (fifty plus) ministries at Central Christian Church in Las Vegas. Today she unites her doctorate in gerontology and her ministry experience to educate and equip pastors, denominational leaders, students, health care professionals, and older adults on the unique opportunities of an aging America. To learn more visit amyhanson.org.
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Updated 08/29/2014
The world's largest public square, and the very heart of modern China, Tiananmen Square owes little to grand imperial designs and everything to Mao Zedong. At the height of the Cultural Revolution, hundreds of thousands of Red Guards crowded the square; in June 1989 the square was the scene of tragedy when student demonstrators were killed.
Today the square is packed with sightseers, families, and undercover policemen. Although formidable, the square is a little bleak, with no shade, benches, or trees. Come here at night for an eerie experience—it's a little like being on a film set. Beijing's ancient central axis runs right through the center of Mao's mausoleum, the Forbidden City, the Drum and Bell towers, and the Olympic Green. The square is sandwiched between two grand gates: the Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tiananmen) to the north and the Front Gate (Qianmen) in the south. Along the western edge is the Great Hall of the People. The National Museum of China lies along the eastern side. The 125-foot granite obelisk you see is the Monument to the People's Heroes; it commemorates those who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people.
Bounded by Chang'an Jie to the north and Qianmen Dajie to the south, Beijing, China
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For those of us who grew up with Communist China as the bogeyman, and later watched on TV the events in Tiananmen Square in 1989, standing in the Square is an experience hard to describe. Only the persistent cry of "You buy Rolex" to remind you that this is the new China, and Mao is safely in his Mausoleum at the South end of the Square.
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Acclaim Lighting Builder's Choice 1 Light Wall Lantern
Acclaim Lighting Builder's Choice 1 Light Wall Lantern
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About the ManufacturerAcclaim Lighting was founded in 2003 as a designer / importer of decorative outdoor lighting fixtures, and was an outgrowth of a three-store retail lighting showroom business headquartered in Augusta, Georgia. Their products are distributed primarily through lighting showrooms and electrical supply houses throughout most of the United States. Having roots in the lighting showroom business, and staying abreast of current decorating trends, Acclaim Lighting has a keen sense for the styles and price points sought by today's consumers.
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I'm game, and so will be contacting a moderator soon.Kofoworola Awojobi Yesterday 11:54 PM
To be clear, I'm not arguing baptism, either for or against. Certainly the thief on the cross was...EarlyCall Jul 1st 2015 12:04 PM
This 4 step plan of salvation is straight out of the church of Christ. Repent actually precedes...mailmandan Jul 1st 2015 10:59 AM
I am going to be the black sheep, I'm afraid. But...it has to be done.
What you have written is...
This is a legitimate topic for several reasons.. I know we are called to be a light for the rest...Skidmark Jun 29th 2015 11:36 PM
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I tried to present this in a recent thread but it got buried in the discussion. I will give it its own thread. I struggle greatly with Premil. The reality is, Premils have one chapter in an overwhelmingly symbolic book in the most debated...Last Post By: wpm Today, 03:21 AM
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YES (Votes: 3)
NO (Votes: 1)
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OTHER (Votes: 0)
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Good discussion. Sojo. Today the "barrier" you refer to is not so much language but "attitude".
In that regard, Rutherford, amazingly, did make a comment that turned out to be one of my favorite "that's impossibile" attitudes, namely:
"Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformation of the atom is talking moonshine". - Ernest Rutherford
Sort of like the garbage man telling you he wouldn't touch that dirty stuff if it really had germs on it.
eh; probably for the better; Had he recognized the power the atom could unleash we may have had to contend with the atom bomb back in the First World War.,... and Europe might not exist today.
..I agree the devil wants to remove all political or social boundaries that may hinder HIS work....
It should be realized that God beat the devil to the punch by re-unifying all nations into one provided they come into Christ.... It is done in Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit. That is what Acts 2:1 was all about when the Day of Pentecost came and they all heard each other speaking in thier "own" language....Now "there is neither Jew, nor Greek...nor bond or free, but all are made one in Christ".
The devil, however, is working hard at removing the boundaries on the unsaved WITHOUT the work of Holy Spirit. He wants the world unified in rebellion against God... Its a counterfeit of God's unification through the Spirit....Apparently he realizes all too well....
.... there is nothing new under the sun.
Hi Faithful,
Glad you dropped by the old comment zone. I was really tired of hearing nothing but those annoying crickets!
Yeah, even the most brilliant of scientists are short-sighted about "what's impossible," when viewed from one era to the next. I just got to thinking one day that everything man has made, was made from something that has been here all along. And that was a real epiphany. If man had possessed the knowledge thousands of years ago to be able to manipulate the raw materials, today's technology could have existed in primitive times. But that's why God "nipped it in the bud" at Babel. Good to hear from you, my friend. God bless.
Is there any question that man can achieve whatever his mind conceives given enough time? God created us in His image which includes creativity. Also,
Genesis 11:6 "The LORD said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them."
That's a pretty amazing statement from God which sheds light on why God intervened with the tower of Babel.
But you, Daniel, keep this prophecy a secret; seal up the book until the time of the end, when many will rush here and there, and knowledge will increase." (Dan 12:40)
I'm intrigued by the fact that the buillders of Cheop's pyramid in Egypt, for example, had a working and precise knowledge of not only advanced mathmatical formulas including pi and the royal cubit based upon the radius of the Earth, but true north, the distance to the sun, and the exact procession of the equinoxes thousands of years into the future, long before the land-sat satelite system et al, came to enlighten us.
Hi Sojourner. Very intriguing interpretation. My understanding of the famous Solomon quote was that it was meant to address the full range of human experience, or more precisely that all human benevolence and depravity have already been seen. I don't disagree with your thinking and in fact think it adds to the texture and depth of Solomon's wisdom, i.e. God's teaching. And isn't that always one of the coolest things during our sojourn - to uncover another pearl of wisdom in an already (thought to be) known passage.
I took a Bible study many years ago that spent some time on the Tower of Babel and I found it to be one of the most instructive lessons in the Bible. I'll have to try to find it a read through it again. Like so many of the lessons that God teaches through His Word, often there are multiple levels. The surface understanding of the story and the allegorical lesson(s) "hidden" inside. The Tower of Babel is just such a lesson.
I agree completely. "Nothing new under the sun" takes in a lot of things, the physical being but one aspect/perspective. Solomon (or whoever recorded his words) conveys a sense of his being "jaded" by life, to some extent. The great wisdom, power and wealth that God had blessed him with seems to have given him a king's perspective of "what's the point of it all?" That life is a continuous cycle, in which one generation gives way to the next, which then is then repeated endlessly. I emphasized the physical because it is something tangible that everyone can relate to, regardless of their level of spirituality or Bible knowledge. And because it truly is a thought-provoking premise to know that God's intervention prevented man from moving faster in his scientific knowledge than He wanted him to. Also, as you point out, the whole tower of Babel debacle is one of many types and foreshadows in the Bible, from which the diligent seeker will inevitably be rewarded with great treasures. Thank you for your feedback and comments.
Ecclesiastes 1:9 That which has been is that which will be,
And that which has been done is that which will be done.
So there is nothing new under the sun.
Thus 2:24, 25
Ecclesiastes 2:20 Therefore I completely despaired of all the fruit of my labor for which I had labored under the sun.
21 When there is a man who has labored with wisdom, knowledge and skill, then he gives his legacy to one who has not labored with them. This too is vanity and a great evil.
22 For what does a man get in all his labor and in his striving with which he labors under the sun?
23 Because all his days his task is painful and grievous; even at night his mind does not rest. This too is vanity.
24 There is nothing better for a man than to eat and drink and tell himself that his labor is good. This also I have seen that it is from the hand of God.
25 For who can eat and who can have enjoyment without Him?
26 For to a person who is good in His sight He has given wisdom and knowledge and joy, while to the sinner He has given the task of gathering and collecting so that he may give to one who is good in God's sight. This too is vanity and striving after wind.
Some I'd like to add is remember the angels (sons of God) who fell before the flood event and the nephilim. They were on earth and Angels would have had knowledge far beyond what mankind did and probably taught much of it to mankind causing them to sin with much of it I imagine. They are most likely who are responsible for the great structures we see today left after the flood, like the pyramids all over the world, great buildings with stones we couldn't even move today. We can only guess at the types of knowledge they had because of those fallen angels and nephilim. Probably much of the dark stuff we would call witchcraft, divination, etc is a big part of it. Even after the flood, remember Pharaohs two magicians who summoned snakes, was this a parlor trick? or did they have real knowledge and powers of demonic entities to do the tricks they did? God does warn us of messing with such powers for good reason of course.
Brilliant article!
The only thing that matters is our relationship with Christ. All of the technology and science in the end gives us only distractions (as much as I love science). In the end the only thing that maters is our creators happiness, so there is nothing new under the sun when it comes to what really matters.
Remember further, bros, that Einstein and the primary physicists who engineered the A Bomb in the 40s were ALL pre- and mid-war German dissidents. Indeed, the engineering belying making the ICBM's and Apollo rockets were almost entirely dependent on imported Nazi physicists who had developed the missles for Hitler.
The importation of arcane knowledge to defy God and make war has been going on a very long time.
Meanwhile, the humanists have always hated Christ, and they still see Him as their arch-nemesis. So long as He reigns in His true church, the evil one will be held back. When the One who holds him back is taken out of the way, ...
... Just "Imagine". ... "and no religion too...."
Lenin/Lennon. Not much difference, really, except one's ideology being in charge resulted in millions of Jewish, Christian and other civilian deaths, and the other was gunned down in an alley after having a "Double Fantasy." But what spirit led them each?
Great Article Soj. I appreciate the fact that you are a true Christian THINKER.
God bless!
read Ecclesiastes thoroughly and keep it in your hearts and minds. unrighteousness neglect of the affirmed, afflicted, the sick and dying. Christians are guilty of this because Solomon also states idle hands are the devil handiwork, and who will save the earth not God, not Jesus, and it looks dismal, most people in church, are apathetic, and indifferent, self absorbed, selfish, mammon worshiping and seducing spirits, and feel good philosophy, prosperity philosophy is not from God, the only thing you should ever ask of God are these things, Knowledge, Wisdom, Understanding, and his mind and eyes. read 1 Timothy 4:1-2
1But the Spirit explicitly says that in later times some will fall away from the faith, paying attention to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons, 2by means of the hypocrisy of liars seared in their own conscience as with a branding iron
This is you, taking on a form of Godliness devoid of His Power, and direction
Shalom, really enjoyed this article! I just finished reading "The Harbinger" by Jonathan Cahn, and it had me thinking about the nature of Prophecy and fulfillment. "Those who don't remember the past are condemned to repeat it." I think George Santayana had it right with this quote. I wonder if I could assume that; "Those who don't remember prophecies are bound to refulfill them." There are lots of arguments around about exactly when and where certain prophecies were fulfilled. I believe this shows a similarity in the pattern of historical events, which leads to multiple candidates for prophetic fulfillment. I am not trying to state this as fact, just as food for thought. Cahn Argues that the prophecy of Isaiah 9:9-10 was fulfilled twice, the second time being fulfilled literally on 9/11. I know it seems like tinfoil hat conspiracy theory, but I was shocked by what I found when I researched it on my own. When I hear debates about the book of Revelation, I wonder if both sides are right. I wonder if John was referencing both the present and the future, as in history repeating itself. The antichrist idea seems to not point at a single individual, but rather to a repeating theme (1 John 2:18-22, 4:3, 2 John1:7) The book of Judges deals with a repeating theme; disobedience, judgement, repentance, deliverence. In fact, the Prophets follow the same template. I think the Word of God remains relevant because "There is nothing new under the sun" Thanks for the thought provoking piecel!
Hello HoboTone,
Glad you enjoyed it. People differ widely in their eschatology, and invariably, most exchanges regarding prophetic timelines only serve to further beat a poor dead horse that is already a bloody mess. I agree that there are a number of prophecies for which there may indeed be a dual fulfillment, and so should keep an open mind. Jesus said we would not know the exact day or hour of His return. However, He states rather clearly, that certain end time events would indicate the nearness of His return, as surely as the budding of summer trees indicate the nearness of summer. We can hold to and discuss our perspective of things as the day approaches, but mostly, we need to do as Jesus instructed: "watch and pray."
THE OLD TESTAMENT and ME
The Hebrew Bible, called The Old Testament by Christians, is an extraordinarily difficult sequence of books.1 This difficulty, too easily underestimated, is greater now than it ever was, partly because no contemporary reader, however specialized, shares in the psychology of the original readers and writers of The Bible. The first millennium in which anyone read any of the words in any of the books from 1000 B.C. to the time of Christ or, perhaps more accurately, 600 B.C. to 400 A.D.2
My first memories of The Old Testament come from Bible readings in grade six when I was 11 and my mother reading passages from little booklets from the Unity School of Christianity as early as the mid-1950s. Although some of the quotations had a broad ethical appeal to me even as a boy in my late childhood and early teens, I found the stories abstruse and distant: goats, sheep, tribes, and curious names like Balthazar & Nebuchadnezzar.
They all occupied another universe far removed from my little town of 5000 in Ontario in that post-WW2 world of the 1950s. This distance existed then, as it does now, nearly 60 years later.
My individual understanding of The Bible, my biblical interpretations, rely primarily at the age of nearly 70 on my experience of nearly 60 years of intimate association with the Baha'i Faith. My interpretations and those of the Baha'i teachings are provocative, if nothing else. But I have always found there to be a vast distance from the psychic universe of the biblical writers beginning as early as, say, 900 B.C.2 and the contemporary society that is my world. I know I have lots of company; indeed I rarely meet anyone who actually reads The Old Testament any more.
However abstruse the language of biblical prophecy and eschatology, the prophets of The Old Testament, I believe, were given a foreknowledge of the events of our times in their visions, visions which I'm sure they hardly understood themselves. Still, there lies a sure presentation of the times we are living-through, as long as one does not take those prophecies literally.
Yahweh's choice of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and their descendants as part of the Chosen People story was a permanent decision, intended to prevail into a time without boundaries, into our time.-Ron Price with thanks to 1Harold Bloom, "Prose and Poetry," in The New York Times, 17 October, 1982: a review of Dan Jacobson's THE STORY OF THE STORIES: The Chosen People and Its God, and 2the final editor, or redactor, after the return from the Babylonian Exile in the 6th century BC, put all the books of The Old Testament into something like their present form.3
When this review appeared in1
The New York Times I had just
arrived in Australia's Northern
Territory & the heat of summer
was just beginning to make me
run for cover to air-conditioning
in my office, home and the cool
air of the car. The Old Testament
was on my universe's periphery.
There it had always been in heat and
cold since those first stories when I
was in grade six in that little town in
Ontario's Golden Horseshoe where
everyone I knew was Catholic or Jew
or Protestant, or nothing; yes, mostly
nothing and there they have remained
with that Old Testament far removed
from everyone's everyday life. Still…
I have time now to try to get into it in
this the evening of my life; however
complex and abstruse it may be, I want
to make-up for the decades when it had
to remain far out on my life's periphery.
1 Harold Bloom, "Prose and Poetry," in The New York Times, 17 October, 1982: a review of Dan Jacobson's THE STORY OF THE STORIES: The Chosen People and Its God.
3 See Frank Kermode, "God Speaks Through His Women," in The New York Times, 23 September 1990: a review of Harold Bloom's The Book of J.
Ron Price
5 July 2012


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The beloved ride was at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World until 1998 when Disney shut down Mr. Toad at the Magic Kingdom in favor of a Winnie the Pooh ride. Disneyland keeps Mr. Toad running while it also has a version of the Pooh ride. It's one of several dark rides that separate Disneyland from Walt Disney World.
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'Balika Vadhu' actor Siddharth Shukla was fined Rs 2000 for driving under the influence of alcohol on New Year's Eve by Mumbai police near Juhu. The actor's driving license was also confiscated. A police official informed that he paid the fine and was asked to be present in court Thursday
Balika Vadhu celebrates 1000th episode
No Copyright Infringement Intended
Siddharth Shukla
Colors popular serial 'Balika Vadhu' which is riding high on TRPs will take a new interesting turn. After the marriage of Anandi (Pratyusha Bannerjee) to Shiv (Siddharth Shukla), now a new character will be introduced, she is Sriti Jha of 'Saubhagyavati Bhavah' fame. This new entrant will play Ja


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Campbell's Kitchen
Original recipe yields 4 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
Very tasty recipe with a little bit of a zing from the cayenne pepper. I added chopped onions, used fresh garlic instead of powder and olive oil instead of vegetable.
I had some really nasty freezer-burnt pollack in my freezer and was looking for a recipe that 'rescue' it...or at least make it edible...and this was the one. I didn't have condensed tomato sou...
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I'm just wondering how you create a freestanding program in C++?
Edit: By freestanding I mean a program that doesn't run in a hosted envrioment (eg. OS). I want my program to be the first program the computer loads, instead of the OS.
I'm just wondering how you create a freestanding program in C++?
Edit: By freestanding I mean a program that doesn't run in a hosted envrioment (eg. OS). I want my program to be the first program the computer loads, instead of the OS.
Have a look at this article:
You would need a little assembly start-up code to get you as far as main() but then you could write the rest in C++. You'd have to write your own heap manager (new/delete) if you wanted to create objects at runtime and your own scheduler if you wanted more than one thread.
See this page: http://wiki.osdev.org/C%2B%2B
It has everything necessary to start writing an OS using c++ as the core language using the more popular toolchains.
In addition this page should prove to be very helpful: http://wiki.osdev.org/C%2B%2B_bare_bones. It pretty much walks you through getting to the c++ entry point of an OS.
google 'embedded c++' for a start
Another idea is to start with the embedded systems emulators, for example the atmel AVR site has a nice IDE the emulates atmel AVR systems, and allows you to build raw code in C and load it into an emulated CPU, they use gcc as toolchain (I think)
C++ is used in embedded systems programming, even to write OS kernels.
Usually you have at least a few assembler instructions early in the boot sequence. A few things are just easier to express that way, or there may be reference code from the CPU vendor you need to use.
For the initial boot process, you won't be able to use the standard library. No exceptions, RTII, new/delete. It's back to "C with classes". Most people just use C here.
Once you have enough supporting infrastructure loaded though, you can use whatever parts of the standard library you can port.
You will need an environment that provides:
In addition to any other libraries. If you have no dynamic linker on your platform (if you have no OS, you probably have no linker) then you will have to static-link it all.
In practice this means linking some small C++ runtime, and a C library appropriate for your platform. Then you can simply write a standalone C++ program.
Even with your clarification, the answer is that it depends -- the exact boot sequence depends on the hardware -- though there's quite a bit of commonality. The boot loader is typically loaded at an absolute address, and the file it's contained in is frequently read into memory exactly as-is. This means instead of a normal linker, you typically use a "linking locator". Where a typical linker produces an executable file ready for relocation and loading, a locator produces an executable that's already set up to run at one exact address, with all relocations already applied. For those old enough to remember them, it's typically pretty much like an MS-DOS .COM file.
Along with that, it has to (of course) statically link the whole run-time that the program depends upon -- it can't depend on something like a DLL or shared object library, because the code to load either of those hasn't itself been loaded yet.
If you were using BSD Unix, you would link with the standalone library. That included a basic IO system for disk and tty. Your source code looked the same as if it were to be run under Unix, but the binary could be loaded into a naked machine.


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The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
(friend of the king). The names of Sherezer and Regem-melech occur in an obscure passage of Zechariah. (Zechariah 7:2) They were sent on behalf of some of the captivity to make inquiries at the temple concerning fasting (B.C. 617.)


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DNA from the 40,000-year-old bones of a modern human found in Europe contains Neanderthal genes.
DNA Hard Drive
May 23, 2012|
Researchers design the first rewritable biological data storage system.
May 23, 2012|
Researchers design the first rewritable biological data storage system.
May 22, 2012|
Exposure to an environmental toxin can affect future generations' ability to handle stressful conditions.
May 22, 2012|
What researchers are learning as they sequence, map, and decode species' genomes
May 17, 2012|
Ancient bacteria living in deep-sea sediments are alive—but with metabolisms so slow that it's hard to tell.
May 16, 2012|
Researchers identify the first circadian clock component conserved across all three domains of life.
May 11, 2012|
As the human population expands, the number of rare genetic variants has dramatically increased.
May 7, 2012|
Nanoparticles in mice can be switched on to activate insulin production using a radio signal.
May 7, 2012|
Human-specific duplications of a gene involved in brain development may have contributed to our species' unique intelligence.
May 3, 2012|
Researchers identify two new DNA repair systems, in addition to four that were already known, that can attack unprotected telomeres.
May 3, 2012|
Anxious mice are more likely to come down with aggressive skin cancer than those who show less stress on behavioral tests.


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Hyperallergic mentions Kobayashi's "Pink Waterfall" at the Mindy Solomon Gallery at this year's Pulse NYC. Check out more of his beautiful work on our website!
Category Archives: New York Artist
Kobayashi // Recognized by the Observer at PULSE 2015
Osamu Kobayashi made an impression at this year's Pulse NYC. The Observer's Culture section noted:
"Brooklyn artist Osamu Kobayashi's serene, inviting color-block oils on canvas stood out at Mindy Solomon as a welcome reprieve."
>> Read the full article here <<
Julian Lorber in Hyperallergic // Environmental Politics
Gallery artist Julian Lorber is half of the two-man exhibit "Second Nature" currently showing at Outlet Fine Art in Brooklyn, NY. The show addresses with subtlety an environmentalist agenda, detailed in an insightful review from Hyperallergic.
>> Read the full article here <<
"If Lorber's approach to nature were likened to a method of scientific research, it would be the extraction of core samples from sediment, stone, and ice. His vibrant gradient paintings, whose textured surfaces resemble a canvas thick with layers of tape, evoke cross-sections of geological strata."
"This touch of black humor adds to the sense of alarm seething beneath the surfaces of Dorf and Lorber's seductive works. Like toxic materials spilled into an thriving ecosystem, these two sculptures infect everything around them, crystallizing the exhibition's environmental politics."
James Kennedy // Artpulse Review
James Kennedy's second solo exhibition with Mindy Solomon Gallery, Morphosis, was written up in the January issue of Artpulse Magazine:
Conceptually, his work is evocative, aiming to express inner transformation through his contorted and faceless figures. The result is a unique and intriguing imagery that levitates between meticulous precision and free expression.
-Irina Leyva-Perez
Read on below for the full review.
James Kennedy // m o r p h o s i s November 14th – December 26th
Named a 2014 Top 100 Fall Show to See Worldwide by Modern Painters Magazine
– morph
combining form
1. indicating shape, form, or structure of a specified kind (dictionary.com)
Mindy Solomon Gallery is proud to present m o r p h o s i s, new work by James Kennedy, November 14th through December 26th at 172 NW 24th Street in the Wynwood Art District, Miami. An Opening Reception with the artist will be held Friday, November 14th, from 6-9pm. In his second solo exhibition with the gallery, Kennedy presents paintings and sculptures that characterize structural shifts within his work, evolving components evident in his complex Spatial series into abstract and semi-abstract figurative suggestions. The collection has been named a 2014 'Top 100 Fall Show' to see, worldwide, by Modern Painters Magazine.
Fresh from his Golden residency, which allowed Kennedy the opportunity to explore new ideas and materials, he endeavors to leave the formality of frame and place an emphasis on linear tensions and kinetics—the organic relationship between the subject and structure, habitat and inhabitant. Kennedy will also be introducing sculptural works, manipulating masonite into the constructivist forms so iconic to his two-dimensional art.
Miranda McClintic, independent scholar specializing in twentieth and twenty-first century art, writes of Kennedy: "James Kennedy sees himself in the artistic traditions of both alchemist and master craftsman. With no preliminary drawings, he begins by covering masonite with washes of acrylic paint. The backgrounds are customarily a mixture of titanium white, medium gray, titanium buff, and yellow ochre. Next, Kennedy seamlessly applies emulsions, glazing, and scraping to build up individual planes. Varying hues, tints, and values of tertiary colors are subtly modulated by density of pigment, dilution, and overlay to create a tonal structure across the surface. The absence of visible brushstrokes gives each work an ethereal quality."
Kennedy's flawless technique combined with his one-of-a kind imagery serve as a wonderful departure point for this creative evolution of his work; Mindy Solomon Gallery is pleased to showcase its newest permeations.
James Kennedy, Irish painter, studied at the Royal Scottish Academy, London School of Contemporary Dance, and Rhodec Academy of Architecture and Design. Upon his arrival in New York in 2003, Kennedy's early abstract landscapes—moody, blended explorations in the horizon line—evolved into more visceral, textural works (Tectonics and Earthscapes), which employed deeper layers of media, mainly oils and encaustic over acrylic.
It was not until 2006 that material from Kennedy's early drawings and training in dance and architecture began to appear in his trademark simplistic arrangements on masonite panel. The first exhibition of these works was held in 2007; Architectures and Choreographies presented oil paintings that resonated subtly with the British Post-Cubist, Bauhaus, and Constructivist schools. In 2010, Kennedy moved his studio from the Springs in East Hampton to New York City. Concurrently, his painting language developed a stronger, more individual, instantly recognizable style. He employed acrylics exclusively, and embarked upon deeper exploration of color field, use of incised linear connections between shapes and spatial characters, and the added dynamic of dilution and density.
Despite the hard-edged complexities evident in many of his works, Kennedy's aim is to resolve these self-generated conundrums and present a balanced, unified surface. His recent work develops an emphasis on carving, glyphs, and greater attention to the painted understructure. Kennedy currently works in his studio in Long Island City, New York.
Form + Facture: New Painting + Sculpture from New York // Osamu Kobayashi at Stony Brook University
Osamu Kobayshi will be included in an upcoming exhibition at Stony Brook University's Paul W. Zuccaire Gallery/Staller Center for the Arts:
Form + Facture: New Painting and Sculpture from New York
November 1 – December 13, 2014
Reception: Saturday, November 1, 7 – 9 pm
Artist Talk: Monday, November 17, 1 pm
Presenting new work by six New York artists, 'Form + Facture' delves into the conceptual and aesthetic concerns of contemporary abstraction. The exhibition features large-scale paintings and sculptures by Rachel Beach, Paul Behnke, Matthew Neil Gehring, Osamu Kobayashi, Rebecca Murtaugh and Fran O'Neill.
Gary Petersen // Tilting Points Opening in New Jersey
Gallery Artist Gary Petersen's multiple room and wall painting Tilting Points opens Sunday, September 28 and is on view through January 18, 2015 at The Visual Arts Center in Summit, New Jersey.
Gary Petersen is a native New Yorker and holds a B.S. degree from The Pennsylvania State University and an M.F.A. from The School of Visual Arts. He lives in Hoboken, New Jersey and was awarded a studio at The Marie Walsh Sharpe Foundation, Space Program 2010-2011, in Brooklyn, New York. In his own words Petersen identifies as "an abstract painter using geometry, particularly line, to reflect vulnerability and uncertainty in the world and in the self. Color allows the somewhat familiar forms to become personal and subtly eccentric."
The Visual Arts Center will host an opening reception on Sunday, September 28 from 1-4pm. The Visual Arts Center is an easy 45 minute train ride on NJ transit from New York Penn Station and a five minute walk from the Summit, NJ station. Click here for directions and gallery hours.


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I am working on a as3 project in which the user select a font from Combo Box and that font SWF should be loaded Dynamically and then i need to change the font of the Dynamic text field.
I have swf font files downloaded from www.isarie.com
My question is that how can i load the font swf dynamically from server and add them to the library and how can i use that swf to change the font of dynamic text field.
if there are embedded fonts in library then i can access them using this-
var fontList:Array = Font.enumerateFonts();
for( var i:int=0; i<fontList.length; i++ ){
trace( "font: " + fontList[ i ].fontName );
But How to use dynamically loaded Font swf as a font type.


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School Counselor A Good Job For Houstonians Wanting To Work With Children
The job duties for a school can vary significantly depending on what age range they work with, though the main focus is always on helping the students grow.
Houston Manager Implements Control System Technologies
College, however, offers one great thing to everyone who attends and that is what I call 'non-linear' thinking – otherwise known as 'thinking outside the box.
Houston Professional Credits Educators, Mentors For Success
"I believe the greatest influence on forging my career path lies with the professionals and educators who have mentored me along the way," said Frank Carle, director of clinical services and co-founder of Learning Continuum.
Houston Manager Uses Technology To Help People Across Globe
Katia Hadjiyska firmly believes education helped her make an even grander impact, both professionally and philanthropical.
Houston Business Coach Loves Helping Clients Succeed
Learning doesn't end once you finish school and walk across the stage at graduation.
Problem Solving Is Essential For Industrial Cyber Security Career
"I have always thought that the problem solving process I learned in college is the single thing that has helped me the most in my career," said Buddy Creef, national sales manager at HIMA Americas.
RN Worked Through Obstacles To Provide Special Service To Women In Need
" In some cases, women just feel more comfortable speaking to another woman, and I fill that need," said Ingrid Hansen, RN.
Business Owner Helps Houston Churches Manage Their Staffing Needs
Owning your own business can be a very tough job, but also very rewarding. In starting your business, it is important to know your strengths, the market, and work to make those align successfully.
Houston Is Awash In Chemical Process Engineering Jobs
The median salary for an entry level chemical engineer in Houston is about $67,800 per year, according to Salary.com. Chemical engineers with 8 to 10 years of experience have a median salary of $123,000.
Special Education Teacher Making A Difference In Lives Of Her Students
"I have a deep understanding of how children learn and how deficits in cognition impact specific learning areas in children," said special education teacher, Jean Schubert.


text: ECommerce Product Listing Expert & VA Hourly - Est. Time: Less than 1 week, 10-30 hrs/week - Posted 2 days ago - experience with ebay, amazon, craigslist and shopify. - able to research key - basic knowledge of photoshop - able to write very effective description - attention to detail Skills: Administrative Support Amazon Webstore Data Entry eBay Listing/Writing eBay Web Services Email Handling HTML Internet research Market research Microsoft Excel SEO Keyword Research Shopify Virtual Assistant


text: We may not have stayed at the same place as all the other persons who are writing so marvellous things about this place... Nothing to say really bad, but nothing so good too! The environment is nice, but the place is ok, nothing more. The dinners not the top. The welcome quite poor. I have known much better places in... More


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Do you want to make Ohio.com your homepage?
Compiled from wire reports
In this Nov. 21, 2013 photo, New Orleans Saints tight end Jimmy Graham (80) tries to get past Atlanta Falcons free safety Thomas DeCoud (28) during the second half of a game in Atlanta. An arbitrator has sided with the Saints in ruling that Graham can only be considered a tight end for the purposes of his franchise tag designation. The ruling Wednesday, by Stephen Burbank is setback for Graham, agent Jimmy Sexton and the NFL Players Association, who'd filed a grievance arguing that Graham was used as a wide receiver often enough to qualify for the more lucrative receiver tag. (AP Photo/John Bazemore)
Click here to read or leave a comment(s) on this story.


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Pay it Forward: Family pass helps homeless families in Fairfax
Nearly two thousand of the area's homeless live in Fairfax County, one of the richest communities in the country. Most of them have jobs, but barely make end's meet with the high cost of living. Family PASS is paying it forward by helping struggling families beat the odds.
Homeless man killed in D.C., sister speaks out
Thirty-three-year-old Rashard Raigns played defensive end for Colgate University, and studied in China for a short time – he even spoke fluent Mandarin.
Homelessness in Virginia down by nearly 8 percent, says state officials
State officials say the number of homeless Virginians decreased by nearly 8 percent in the last year to 7,020 people.
Eric Shinseki, Veterans Affairs secretary, to address homeless veterans group on Friday.
The embattled Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki is to address a homeless veterans group on Friday.
Pay It Forward: the 25th Project takes on homelessness
More than 11,500 homeless individuals live in the metropolitan region.
Number of homeless people in D.C. increases by 3 percent
A new report says there are nearly 12,000 homeless people in the Washington region - a 3.5 percent increase from last year.
Interacting with the homeless communityComment
What do you do when you see someone who is homeless on the street? Do you offer help...or do you walk past them?
Bodies found near I-295 in District identified
The bodies of two men who were were found Wednesday near the Interstate 295 ramp in Washington, D.C. have been identified by authorities.
Two male bodies found near I-295 ramp in D.C., sudden cold possible factor in deaths
Metropolitan police found two dead bodies Wednesday morning near the Pennsylvania Avenue ramp off of I-295.
D.C. homeless families granted homes as part of Mayor Gray's plan
Twenty-year-old Candice Dior and her one-year-old daughter were recently placed in a one-bedroom apartment as part of D.C. Mayor Gray's goal to give permanent homes to 500 families in 100 days.
"Homeless Lives: Unforgettable Personal Stories"Comment
There's a unique performance happening this Friday night...it tells the riveting stories of homeless individuals living in DC.
Relisha Rudd case prompts D.C. Council hearing on city's homeless shelters
The D.C. Council is examining safety procedures at the city's family homeless shelter following the disappearance of an 8-year-old girl who was living there with her mother and brothers.
Homeless D.C. families must get apartment-style shelter, judge says
A D.C. Superior Court judge says city officials must stop housing poor families on cots in recreation centers on freezing nights, saying the communal sleeping quarters appear to deny the families their right to privacy and security under city law.
Squatters take over elderly woman's home in D.C.
Elizabeth Hutcheson, 86, is a retired federal worker and doesn't know too much about rent costs.
Gray announces program to house homeless families
Mayor Vincent Gray has announced plans to double down on affordable housing with new investments, but advocates for the homeless and housing activists are anxious to see his budget.
DC Council to address issue of homeless in motels
The D.C. Council will listen to testimony on the city's strategies for sheltering the homeless, including the practice of housing families in motels.
Homeless man faces 230 years behind bars for armed robberies
A local homeless man is facing 230 years behind bars following a string of armed robberies throughout downtown Wheaton.
Homeless shelters maxed out in District
A brutal winter with sub-freezing temperatures is maxing out homeless shelters in the district. Now, needy families are crossing into Maryland where they're being sheltered in hotels.
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'X Factor' Judge: Fiancee Made Zayn Malik Quit One Direction
X Factor UK judge Louis Walsh hinted that Zayn Malik's fiancée Perrie Edwards might have encouraged him to leave One Direction, while Nick Jonas offers his support.
X Factor UK judge Louis Walsh hinted that Zayn Malik's fiancée Perrie Edwards might have encouraged him to leave One Direction, while Nick Jonas offers his support.
Charles Barkley usually gets attention for what he says, not for what he wears. Or, more precisely, for what he doesn't wear.
Meghan Trainor spoke to 'You' magazine about excessive Photoshoping and body image.
The remaining members of One Direction have broken their silence on Zayn Malik's departure from the band.
Riding the bus already has a bad enough rap without something like this happening.
Meghan Trainor already dominates the radio waves with her hits, but now she's set her sights on the fashion world. The singer announced she's teaming up with FullBEAUTY, a brand that caters to curvy women.
And the legal fallout continues after a Midland woman's Planet Fitness membership was rejected following a complaint about a transgendered person in the locker room.
Chris Brown's probation is officially over, as the 2009 case in which he was charged with felony assault for beating his ex-girlfriend, Rihanna, has been closed.
Jessie J has squashed rumors that her heart condition will force her to stop performing live.
Bobbi Kristina Brown is being transferred from Emory University hospital to a rehab facility in Atlanta, People reported.
Ariana Grande has one set of pipes, but the "One Last Time singer shows just how well she uses them when she impersonated Celine Dion on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon last night (March 20).
Childish Gambino and Taylor Swift walked away with trophies at the mtvU Woodies yesterday (March 20) in Austin as part of SXSW.


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Wine on the River 2015
- Food & Drink
- 121 Alexander Street West Columbia, SC
Cancer of Many Colors
Lexington Medical Center Foundation
Thursday, March 7, 2013 from 5:30 PM to 9:30 PM (EST)
Join us for a Taste of the Town event as we celebrate survivors of all cancers.
All attendees will take home a special event wine glass hand painted by Kay-Kay's Kreations.
Make plans to attend this exciting event and sample exquisite cuisine from many local restaurants, enjoy wine, beer and more...
Don't miss entertainment by The Tams and a great silent auction!
All proceeds benefit cancer patients in need.
All proceeds benefit the Lexington Medical Center Foundation, which assures that high value, quality health services and patient-centered care are available for the people of the Midlands. For more information, visit LMCfoundation.com or call (803) 791-2540.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Thursday, March 8, 2012
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Wednesday, March 7, 2012
True or false: If you are removing a soft, pliable coating from a steel surface, a rounded abrasive will be more productive than an angular one.
Tuesday, March 6, 2012
True or false: Polyurethanes were developed about 75 years ago by Dr. Otto Bayer and colleagues at IG Farben in Germany.
Monday, March 5, 2012
An Atlas Test Cell is normally used to test the performance of what kind of coating material?
Friday, March 2, 2012
An air-wash separator would be found in what type of equipment?
Thursday, March 1, 2012
True or false: Novaculite is an abrasive derived as a by-product of a manufacturing process, like boiler slag.
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Demand for New International Economic Order
M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., Jan 1, 1997 - Developing countries - 203 pages
The emergence of the Demand for New International Economic Order as a result of growing discontent among the Third World countries due to global inequalities has been traced through recent history till present. The book also discusses the effect of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the economic manifestation of Communist Coopereration and the emergence of New Regional Economic Blocs like EU, NAFTA, SAPTA, APEC, etc.
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Selected pages
lntroduction and Historical Setting
Quest for New lnternational Economic Order
Within and Outside United Nations
Towards Global Economy
Common terms and phrases
agreement Agriculture American APEC areas Asian Assembly Bangladesh barriers billion bloc Bretton Woods Bretton Woods system cent collapse common communique crisis Delhi demand developing nations dominated Dunkel Draft economic cooperation economic relations establishment Europe European exports favourable foreign free trade Gandhi GATT global Group of 77 growth important industrialized countries interest international economic investment issues Japan labour lbid less developed countries liberalization lndia lnternational Economic Order lnternational Monetary Fund major military multilateral negotiations NlEO Non-Aligned Movement North North-South Dialogue Pakistan Peace political poor countries problems programme promote proposals reforms regional SAARC SAPTA service sector social South Asia south-south cooperation Soviet Union structural Summit superpower tariff Third World Third World countries trade in services TRlPS UNCTAD underdeveloped United Nations Uruguay Round World Bank world economic World Focus world trade World Trade Organisation