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xxxxxxxxxx STATEMENT BY THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON xxxxxxxxxx THE SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SUDAN Third Committee New York, 12 November 2002 Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the honour, for the second time, to address this august body to present my report, which is mainly based on my last visit to the Sudan, Kenya and Egypt in September-October 2002. As part of the visit, I also travelled to El-Fasher, northern Darfur, to look into the issue of Special Courts. I wish to welcome the Machakos Protocol, as well as the resumption of the peace talks on 14 October 2002. This is the first real chance for peace in a long time. Since the beginning, I stressed the important role that the United States could play. The Danforth's initiative was a good preparation for this process. In my view, peace negotiations are not compatible with on-going hostilities. A comprehensive cease-fire is a pre-condition for the peace process to continue. Similarly, human rights abuses must be stopped, too. Indeed, human rights must be central to the peace process. Accordingly, Machakos should be built on specific mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights. These must include the creation of independent internal institutions (1) as well as the establishment of an effective monitoring system from the outside. In the same vein, I noted with appreciation that the civil society is playing an increasingly active role. Human rights NGOs are more visible, organised and keen to participate actively in the peace process. The country needs increased assistance to build up civil society, to prepare the population for peace and democratic governance. This includes civil administration and education. Specific human rights benchmarks should be envisaged in the peace process, within an established timeframe. To this end, I prepared a list, which is attached herewith as an Annex. Mr. Chairman, During my last visit, I had noted a number of new elements mainly focussing on the building up and/or strengthening of institutions and training activities. I took note of the new CEAWC structure, the on-going discussions relating 1 to the creation of a national human rights institution; the training activities organised by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights within its technical co-operation program and, in rebel-held southern Sudan, the initial steps taken towards the strengthening of the civil society. In my report, I provided an overview of the situation, by comparing the commitments made by the Government during the last year and action taken. Most of the commitments have not been sufficiently implemented. In some other important human rights areas, no commitments were made. I conclude therefore that, overall, the human rights situation has not yet changed significantly. However, some positive areas need to be highlighted. I. The civil society In general, political opposition parties, politically active students, and representatives of independent newspapers or human rights NGOs have continued to be subjected to different forms of harassment. Daily or periodic summoning to the security as well as torture, in both physical and subtler psychological forms, have continued to take place. It was reported that prisoners are often moved away from their community of origin, which deprives them of their family's support and assistance. Overall, individual cases have continued to occur and it remains difficult to identify perpetrators. Some sources referred to recent cases of students being subjected to torture in the past 2-3 months. I met with one of these students who had 13 cigarette burns on his arms and forearms. I was informed that students who are involved in human rights and/or political activities as well as political opposition party members ? particularly from the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Popular National Congress (PNC) - have continued to be harassed. PNC leader Hassan al-Turabi's detention has been further renewed by Presidential Emergency Order . I am particularly concerned at information received regarding students riots taking place at the Khartoum University during the last week of October. Reportedly, the immediate cause of the demonstrations was the cancellation of a political rally, although restrictions to the freedoms of association and assembly seem to be part of the problem (2). According to information received demonstrating students were attacked by Anti-riot police. The operation resulted in two students being seriously injured by gunfire and/or beating and some 100 students detained. I appeal to both parties to seek peaceful solutions to this situation and refrain from resorting to 2 violence. Since my first visit, I encouraged Government authorities as well as representatives of the civil society to consider the establishment of an independent human rights national institution. I was glad to report that the civil society had followed up on my proposal and that discussions were being held to this end, including in the presence of Government officials. I learnt, however, that on 19 February, a meeting had been scheduled to discuss the issue and security officers prevented some participants from attending. I raised this incident with the Minister of Justice, who assured me that the President had no objection to the creation of such an institution. In view of the Minister's above-mentioned position, I call upon him to follow closely the situation with a view to avoiding similar incidents. In addition, I heard rumors whereby the Advisory Council itself could be "upgraded" into a national institution. In this connection, I wish to recall that the Advisory Council is a governmental body dealing with human rights within the Ministry of Justice. I also wish to refer to the Paris principles on national institutions with a view to highlighting their independent and participatory character. Regarding NGOs, I am glad to report that there has been some progress. A network of NGOs working on human rights has been established following the first training organized by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Network has not been harassed by security so far, although single organizations have experienced difficulties at times in the discharge of their mandates. II. Role of police and security officers The state of emergency has remained in force since December 1999, which has provided the basis for the imposition of security measure, often arbitrarily implemented. I already referred to the amendment to the National Security Forces Act, as well as the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act of 1991. Overall, the role of the security apparatus, as the main responsible for the occurrence of human rights abuses as well as impunity of security officers, remains an issue of serious concern. The state of emergency should be lifted, together with the amendments to the above-mentioned acts. III. Freedom of the press I acknowledge the plurality of publications existing in the Sudan. However, in spite of a temporary lifting of censorship in late November 2001, and contrary to information received from the National Press Council, independent newspapers have continued, from time to time, to be targeted through the imposition of direct and indirect forms of censorship and restrictive measures such 3 as high fines, IV. Freedom of religion and belief While sources reported that it was difficult to give specific cases of abuses in the past 6 months, discrimination against/harassment of Christians, i.e. denial of visas, permissions to build new churches and equal participation in the educational system, have continued to be reported. Confiscation of properties remains a problem that has not yet been addressed in a satisfactory manner; in this connection, reference was made to the Catholic Club case. Sources lamented that the Council of Christians has not been appointed in a democratic, participatory manner and that its members were appointed by the Government. As a result, the Churches seem to have no trust in the Council. V. Human rights and humanitarian law in the context of the conflict The month of October has been a challenging, but also rewarding month, on the humanitarian front. The flight restrictions over Eastern and Western Equatoria and the suspension of humanitarian activities for over a week made it particularly difficult for humanitarian operations to work effectively. In terms of impact, it was reported that some 500,000 people were denied access. During my visit, I stressed in no uncertain terms that the humanitarian access should be fully respected as a principle and cannot be dealt with on an ad hoc basis. I also strongly condemn the bombing of civilians and civilian installations during the last months. I believe that investigations of war crimes should be undertaken as soon as conditions permit. In this connection, I welcome the developments occurred as from mid-October, notably the Memorandum of Understanding, signed on 15 October between the Government and the SPLM/A to cease hostilities for the duration of talks, as well as the signing, on 26 October, of what has been defined a "landmark aid deal", between the Government, the SPLM/A and the United Nations allowing unimpeded humanitarian access. VI. The situation of internally displaced The situation of IDPs has remained an issue of concern. Sources refer to it as "exasperating". During my last visit, I inquired about future prospects, in view of the magnitude of Sudan's IDP population, in case of a positive outcome of the peace talks. It seems 4 likely that there might be new waves of movements and that therefore a number of issues will have to be considered, including in terms of protection and creation of new opportunities in the south in order to provide people with attractive options. It was reported that the Government has received support for its IDP policy following the first mission of the IDP Inter-Agency Unit last summer. All sources stressed the importance to follow up on this issue. I am therefore glad that the Unit has planned a further mission, currently on-going, aimed at mapping out a UN system strategy for supporting the Government and regional authorities in conceptualizing, resourcing and implementing durable solutions for IDPs, with a main focus on community-based interventions. VII. The situation of women During my last visit, I was informed that some, though still limited, progress was made in the field of abductions, following the restructuring of CEAWC on the one hand, and further to the fact that the train from Babanusa to Wau has not been running lately, on the other. It was not clear, though, whether this was due to a political decision or not. I was informed that the Government has finally followed up on its pledges and given CEAWC 200,000 USD. CEAWC considered that this was a satisfactory amount of money, while lamenting decreasing funding from donors. I was also informed of a new rule whereby any new cases of abductions will be prosecuted and won't benefit from the current procedure, as described in my previous reports. As I reported, after one year since CEAWC's restructuring, also old cases will be referred to prosecution. The new rule falls within the CEAWC rules of cooperation and its nature is legally binding. It should be noted however, that so far not much has been done in terms of prosecuting responsible people. Also, some sources reported as a positive development that it was now possible to reunify former abductees with their families in SPLM/A areas. In view of information received, I paid particular attention to the issue of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). I encourage the Government to play a more active role including in terms of awareness-raising, with a view to eradicating such a traditional harmful practice. During my last visit, I received further information on discrimination against women: dismissal from public offices is continuous, women cannot travel unless they get a travel permit from their "guardian", women living alone 5 are reportedly often harassed by the security, including sexually. Since my appointment, I have been urging the Government to continue discussions and awareness-raising with a view to acceding the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). I am pleased to report that OHCHR will address this issue in the framework of its technical cooperation program and that an activity has been foreseen for the beginning of 2003. Regarding the situation of women in SPLM/A-held territories, I was informed of the limited involvement of women in development projects, due to the fact that the local society is totally man-dominated. Women are generally not educated and when they reach the age of 10 or 12, most of them are reportedly taken as wives by local leaders or commanders. It seems that the situation varies only slightly from region to region. VIII. The situation of children No progress was recorded on the situation of children; street children and juvenile justice remain areas of concern. Only two reformatories exist and children are very often detained with adults and subjected to inhumane treatment. I was informed that child exploitation continues to take place particularly in the agricultural and pastoral sectors. Networks are reportedly flourishing to exploit them, including sexually. A stronger Government involvement is necessary. I was also informed that forced recruitment of children in war areas has continued. IX. The SPLM/A-controlled territories In view of the flight ban affecting Eastern and Western Equatoria, regrettably I was unable to travel to southern Sudan. As for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law occurring within the framework of the conflict, I condemn disregard for international standards and appeal to the SPLM/A and allied militias to do their utmost to prevent human rights abuses. Overall, the human rights situation remains of concern. Problems remain in terms of what has been defined as "enormous power of the security", severe restrictions to freedom of opinion and expression, speech, assembly and association. There continues to be no political opposition in southern Sudan, nor any newspaper, in short, no alternative to the SPLM/A. It should be taken into 6 account, however, that reports from different sources continue to refer to the mounting of an internal opposition and to the fact that the SPLM/A is to some extent confronted by the civil society when it fails to deliver. This would seem to confirm that the SPLM/A is not yet taking full responsibility as a ruling party. While in Nairobi, I met with representatives of the SPLM/A with whom I discussed my main concern, notably the building up and/or strengthening of the civil society and democratization. I was informed that relevant initiatives sponsored by the New Sudan Council of Churches and bilateral donors are continuing. I welcome the outcome of the Chukudum Crisis Peace Conference. I wish to hereby reiterate my unconditional support to grass-roots, people to people initiatives which help pave the way for peace. I also inquired about the holding of elections for the so-called National Congress, which, though supposed to be held every 4 years, have been repeatedly postponed. This was again the case this year, owing to the on-going fighting. I wish to note however, that some sources point to very high portions of war-free areas in southern Sudan, which would allow for the undertaking of initiatives aimed at fostering democratization, as is proven by the numerous programs of assistance on-going in southern Sudan. Some of my counterparts working in southern Sudan lamented the absence of a civil society, thus the difficulties to establish partnerships and formulate exit strategies. Opinions on this issue, however, differ to a certain extent. Reference was also made to more stable areas (notably Western Equatoria), where the development of the civil society has been defined as "remarkable" and some success has been reported in the separation of military and civilian structures. On the issue of child soldiers, in spite of some progress made on their demobilization, as previously reported, some sources reported that forced recruitment of children around 15 years of age continues to take place in conflict areas. Sources also reported that demobilized children are sometimes recruited again. Forced recruitment is also reportedly on-going. VIII. International conventions I wish to once again encourage the Government to accede to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and ratify the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), which the Government promised to do last year, on the occasion of my first visit. In this connection, I welcome the training seminar 7 organised by OHCHR in the framework of its technical cooperation program, on ratification of CAT and CEDAW, with the participation of international experts from the Committees. Regarding the status of reporting obligations, I noted that the Government has presented all the reports due under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. IX. Individual cases In my interim report, I referred to the fact that I had received no reply nor any information on action taken on most of urgent appeals sent. More specifically, I received 1 reply, from the Permanent Mission in Geneva, on 1 out of 11 urgent actions sent. I reiterate my appeal to the Sudanese authorities to follow up on any individual cases received and inform me and my thematic colleagues of any action taken, as appropriate. X. Darfur During my last mission I travelled to El-Fashir, northern Darfur, to look into the issue of special courts. I held extensive discussions with the Heads of the Judiciary of southern and northern Darfur. I visited the local prison where I met with representatives of the Rizeigat tribe, who had been arrested and sentenced to death followed an incident occurred in April-May, which had opposed them to the Mahlia in tribal clashes. I also raised the case of the presence of at least 1 prisoner who was underage, reportedly 14. From my discussions it clearly appeared that there was no time allowed for individual cross-examination; that the trial targeted the group for three weeks; that some of the prisoners had not been given any reasons for being sentenced to death; that most of the others were sentenced for carrying out an armed attack and murder. All have appealed. I noted that all prisoners were held in shackles, which, I was told, is customary for prisoners sentenced to death. Due to the heat, the shackles had to be wrapped in paper and/or plastic to avoid contact with the skin. In the course of my discussions, I repeatedly asked my counterparts what was the reason for establishing Special Courts. I was informed that 8 Special Courts were established in North and South Darfur (3) in May 2001 and that they are composed of 3 judges, 1 civilian and 2 military. All those tried by the Special Courts were given legal representation and the right to appeal. However, accused are represented by "a lawyer as a friend", meaning 8 that the "accused has the right to speak for himself and the lawyers do not speak for the accused"; rather " the lawyer indicates to the accused what he should say". Defendants also reportedly have the right to withdraw their confessions. However, that confession would be considered as evidence if corroborated by other evidence. As for the right to appeal, normally the decision of the Head of the Judiciary is final, with the exception of death sentences and amputations, whereby the accused can appeal, including through a lawyer. In these cases, judgement is referred to the High Court in Khartoum Reportedly, it takes months for the High Court to decide on appeal cases. None of the participants to the meeting could say how many. I appeal to the Sudanese authorities to abolish the Special Court and focus on alternative means to settle tribal conflicts, notably by resorting to traditional conflict-resolution means, as has been done successfully in other areas. I also appeal to the Constitutional Court to play its role in all pending cases. XI. The oil issue within the context of the right to development I repeatedly stated that oil is exacerbating the conflict, insofar as the war is the result of a fight for the control of power and resources. I refer to last year's debate on the use of oil revenues. I took note of the Government's stand whereby the use of oil revenues is a sovereign decision, not to be covered by my mandate. I responded by focusing on the oil issue in connection with the right to development, and more specifically the use of oil revenues and the need to develop a wealth-sharing arrangement with the South. I recalled the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development, as well as relevant Commission on Human Rights resolutions. In view of the latest report issued by UNDP on Arab Human Development, I wish to highlight once again the link between development and governance, defined as "the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a country's affairs at all levels. [?] Good governance is, among other things, participatory, transparent and accountable. It is also effective and equitable and it promotes the rule of law. Good governance ensures that political, social and economic priorities are based on broad consensus in society and that the voices of the poorest and the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making over the allocation of development resources" (4). XII. The role of the United Nations In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I already referred to the 9 role of the United Nations, particularly in the framework of the peace process. I believe that Machakos should be the starting point for a stronger involvement of the UN in the Sudan. Accordingly, while the existing humanitarian structure should continue to look at humanitarian issues, including access, a new political structure, under the direction of a UN political office should be envisaged to tackle more political issues, including those linked to the peace process and its outcome, in terms of a post-conflict scenario. Naturally, such a structure should include a human rights component, entrusted with the monitoring of the implementation of the peace process. As for my recommendations on the need to support the civil society, I reiterate my appreciation for the technical co-operation activities carried out in the past 1 and a half years by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in Khartoum, which aim at building and/or strengthening national capacities in the field of human rights through the provision of training on the promotion and protection of human rights. I appreciated the opening of the authorities in Khartoum in the first phases of co-operation, however, besides the establishment of new institutions, more specific action should be taken which has an impact on the overall human rights situation, within a specific timeframe. Conclusions and recommendations Once again, I had the opportunity to visit the Sudan at a very interesting time, a time of uncertainty, due to the vicissitudes on the battlefields, as well as in the peace negotiations, but also a time of hope, due to a progressive change in the international context following, among other things, the events of 11 September 2001. I heard the view that the Government seemed to be satisfied with the outcome of the first round of the peace talks and that therefore there was no need to continue to focus on human rights issues. In my view, human rights do not belong to the post-conflict scenario, but must be an integral part, indeed be put at the heart, of the peace talks, because with no consideration of human rights today there will never be a sustainable and just peace tomorrow. Once again, I refer to those benchmarks that I mentioned at the beginning, which should be fully integrated in the peace negotiations as further guarantees for the post-conflict scenario. I also wish to reiterate that the peace talks should be a forum for all the parties in the conflict and as such cannot be exclusively linked to the Government and the SPLM/A, which has the further disadvantage of potentially crystallizing the country into two parts, besides making the resolution of the conflict itself more difficult. 10 I noted that assistance continues to be directed mainly to emergencies. More energies and resources should be devoted to prepare the population for peace and democracy. Assistance should be community-based, focusing on developing a sense of ownership by the local communities, thus ensuring their sustainability. Traditional means of conflict resolution, healing and reconciliation should be encouraged. Assistance should be targeted at developing coping mechanisms. The civil society as a whole, and women in particular, should be empowered to play an active role not only in the negotiations but also in the post-conflict scenario. Also, development aid should be closely linked to tangible progress in the field of human rights. The link between peace, democracy and human rights should always be kept into account, with equal emphasis on civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. In this connection, relevant recommendations contained in the concluding observations of the Treaty Bodies should be the starting point for action, at both the national and international levels. Also, relevant provisions of the Durban Declaration and Program of Action stemming from the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance should be referred to as further guidance. A long-term, comprehensive, unified approach is the only way for any peace initiative to succeed. A political follow-up by the United Nations is therefore urgently needed to preserve the momentum. Annex I Human rights benchmarks for the peace process 1. Lifting of the state of emergency; 2. Reduce the role of the security apparatus by lifting immunities for security officers who should be held accountable for their actions as well as revision of the National Security Forces Act; 3. Any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is an offence to human dignity and shall be condemned as a denial of the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Acts of torture should be considered as offences under criminal law, accordingly perpetrators of similar acts should be held accountable for their actions and be brought to justice to be subject to criminal, disciplinary or other appropriate proceedings. Any statements which is established to have 11 been made as a result of torture or other cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment may not be invoked as evidence against the person concerned or against any other person in any proceedings (5). The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which was signed in 1986 should be ratified. 4. Discrimination against women, denying or limiting as it does their equality of rights with men, is fundamentally unjust and constitutes an offence against human dignity. Accordingly, appropriate measures should be taken to abolish laws and practice, which are discriminatory against women, including harmful traditional practices, and specific provisions should be envisaged to ensure adequate legal protection of women (6). Also, women should be empowered to play an active role in the peace process and post-conflict management. To this end, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women should be signed and ratified; 5. Freedom of expression (7): effective lifting of all forms of direct and indirect censorship. Everyone should be free to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, through any media of his/her choice; 6. Independence of the judiciary should be guaranteed by the State and enshrined in the Constitution or the law of the country. The judiciary shall decide matters before them impartially, on the basis of facts and in accordance with the law, without any restrictions, improper influences, inducements, pressures, threats or interferences, direct or indirect, from any quarter or for any reason. Every one shall have the right to be tried by ordinary courts or tribunals using established legal procedures. Tribunals that do not use the duly established procedures of the legal process should not be created to displace the jurisdiction belonging to the ordinary courts or judicial tribunals (8). More specifically, special courts should be abolished. Traditional mechanisms of conflict settlement should be looked into to solve the problem of tribal clashes. Similar grass-roots, people-to-people initiatives, like the ones used to settle conflicts between Dinka and Nuer or between Dinka and Didinga as well as between Rizeigat and Mahlia could provide useful guidance to this end. 7. Freedom of movement should be ensured both within and outside the country. Lengthy procedures for visa requirements should be speeded up and should not be used as instruments of discrimination against human rights activists, political opponents, including students, or religious representatives; 8. Freedom of assembly and association (9):representatives 12 of the civil society, including non-governmental organizations, students, churches, etc. should be allowed to assemble peacefully and including to form and join trade unions for the protection of their interests, with a view to playing their role under no constraints other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order, the protection of public health and morals or the protection of the rights and freedom of others. All restrictions on political activities should be lifted for political parties to play their role. Political prisoners should be released; 9. The building up and/or strengthening of the civil society, particularly in southern Sudan, should be further encouraged. The SPLM/A in particular should do more to replace existing military structures with civil ones. The international community should support efforts aimed to this end. 10. IDPs: While responsibility for the protection and promotion of IDPs rests first and foremost with the national government and local authorities, it is important for the international community to see how best it can contribute to enhancing the protection of IDPs in conflict and post-conflict scenarios. In this connection, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement issued by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on IDPs are an invaluable tool to guide action on assisting and protecting IDPs. 11. Specific mechanisms of protection should be envisaged for children. In this connection, the concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC/C/15/Add.190) should be taken into account. 12. Right to development: wealth sharing is inextricably linked to a sustainable peace process. Accordingly, specific provisions have to be put in place to ensure that development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom. Specific provisions, relevant to the right to development, including CHR res 2001/19 should be kept into account. Notes 1. In accordance with the Paris Principles relating to the status of national institutions 2. Some sources referred to the fact that there has been 13 no students union for the past 7 years and that elections were repeatedly postponed pending the return of those students who had been sent to war. Some sources also claimed that assistance for lodging for university students had also been cancelled except for those students belonging to the ruling party. It should also be noted that security is reportedly present and active within the campus limits, sometimes called by the University administration itself. 3. According to the Advisory Council, 5 Courts were established in North Darfur and 3 in South Darfur. However, Nyala Special Court No. 1 was reconstituted in May 2002 following the transfer of the President of the Court. It should be noted that the latter was an officer of the Army, who has now been replaced by a civilian judge. 96 people were brought in front of the Court, 10 of whom were aquitted; 86 convicted. All of them appealed to the Appeal Court, constituted of 1 judge, the Head of the judicial organ in Darfur. Their case was further transferred to the High Court and the Supreme/High Court in Khartoum, comprised of 5 judges They also have the right to appeal to the Constitutional Court. 4. UNDP Arab Human Development Report 2002, Chapter 7, page 105. 5. Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, adopted by GA res. 3452 (XXX) of 9 December, 1975 6. Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 7. ICCPR, art. 19 8. Basic principles on the Independence of the judiciary 9. ICCPR, art. 21, 22; ICESCR, art. 8 14
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The expansion of the number of wind turbines out at sea near the northern Dutch coast was reason enough for Ubels Offshore to expand its fleet with a fifth ship last year.
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Young Dutch ship design, engineering and construction company ContainerTug B.V. follows on the introduction of the ContainerTug 600S early last year with the release
An Illinois man who was captain of a petroleum barge that exploded in a Chicago canal in 2005, killing a crew member, was sentenced to six months in prison on Friday, prosecutors said.


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VIEWS: 4 PAGES: 1 POSTED ON: 2/18/2011 Public Domain
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Just in case you thought the pro-abortion crowd couldn't get much lower, yesterday during protests at the Texas State Capitol, toddlers and children were forced by their pro-abortion elders to carry signs featuring wire hangers. Those hangers represent ripping a child out of the womb.
Children holding up signs with wire hangers on them saying "no to SB5" here at the #texas Capitol. @KABBFOX29pic.twitter.com/jXq7FFIWov— Erin Nichols (@erin_nichols) July 1, 2013
|Katie Pavlich is the Editor at Townhall.com. Follow her on Twitter @katiepavlich. She is a New York Times Best Selling author. Her new book Assault and Flattery: The Truth About the Left and Their War on Women, will be published on July 8, 2014.
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Author Photo credit: Jensen Sutta Photography


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Dr. Algernop Krieger
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|Doctor Algernop Krieger
|First appearance
|"Mole Hunt"
|Voiced by
|Lucky Yates
German (native)
Portuguese (fluent)
English (fluent)
|Head of ISIS applied research department
|Personal Life
|Adolf Hitler (Possible Genetic Source)
Cheryl Tunt (ex-girlfriend)
Krieger's Virtual Girlfriend (girlfriend)
Doctor Algernop Krieger[1] is the head of the ISIS Applied Research Department. He goes by the title of Doctor and performs many activities that require a medical degree; however, he is neither a medical doctor nor "the other kind" ("technically").
He is trilingual as he speaks fluent English, German, and Portuguese.[2] However, he appears to have little or no exposure to modern street vernacular; for example, he misunderstands the phrase "tight" to mean "confining," rather than "very satisfactory," as intended by the speaker.[3]
His "father" was a Nazi scientist who fled with him to Brazil, where they lived until Krieger was 15 when his pet Dobermans killed the man. It is implied that Malory Archer somehow set these events in motion as she arranged for him to be brought to ISIS afterwards. Krieger studied and became accomplished in a variety of different sciences including bionics, electronics, neuroscience, chemistry, biotechnology, surgery, and robotics, but, despite this, never earned a formal doctorate degree of any kind which is sometimes evident in his conversations where people ask if he is a doctor.
Krieger lives in a run-down, "transitional" neighborhood in New York which allows him to focus his salary for "pet projects." His apartment is only shown once and is full of weird stuff such as a skin-colored wet suit and jars of human remains. He was in a relationship with Cheryl Tunt, which he sustained by giving her doses of LSD via his "magic breath strips." His current love interest is his Virtual Girlfriend whom, Archer has been quoted as saying, "is so real that the state of New York is allowing him to legally marry her."[4] Unfortunately, their marriage was forced to be called off indefinitely (she was destroyed by Lana in the next shot, although later reprogrammed). Krieger is implied to be a clone, made explicit after meeting three other clones. It was also implied that he was specifically a clone of Adolf Hitler, by Malory however Krieger replies "well Edmund Berk, but it doesn't matter." He had just quoted Edmund Berk.
Krieger would be considered "immoral" when compared to the average individual, but in actuality he only does his amazing (often terrifying) acts of science for the pure thrill of personal achievement and scientific discovery. All in all, he's a weirdo, but a pretty nice person. He genuinely seems to enjoy helping his ISIS coworkers and often looks to offer aid with any of their problems. However, Krieger's idea of "helping" doesn't usually fall in line with others' notions. For example, he is more than happy to cut up the dead body of Savio Mascalzoni for Malory when he's killed in her apartment, he swaps out Ray's perfectly functional leg bones with vanadium replacements when all Gillette really needed was a battery pack to reactivate his nerves, he enjoys staging bum fights using electric shock gloves, implying that he is not a "serial" killer, installing cameras all over bathrooms in peoples houses, and has self professed to have murdered several people.
Krieger is very sensitive and prone to emotional reactions depending on the situation. Upon seeing his clones in San Marcos or learning the meaning of life from aliens at Area 51, he's overpowered with emotion and cannot function. When learning of Archer's impending wedding to Katya Kazanova, he's moved to tears of joy (and an erection). When the CIA scientists scoff at his abilities, Krieger dramatically vents his frustration by smashing their computer.[5].
Though mostly a nice guy, Krieger has a tendency to lie. He was willing to trick his co-workers into unwillingly becoming lab rats for multiple experiments. He claims have invented a microchip that'll cure Cheryl Tunt of stage fright, but it turns out to be a sticker. He pretends that he developed a way to sell and smuggle the cocaine online, but this turns out to be a ruse staged to make Malory feel better. Because of this, it's sometimes unclear when he's telling the whole truth.
Sexual TastesEdit
Krieger's sexual proclivities are more libertine than most people's. He's created a Virtual Girlfriend with whom he (somehow) seems to have an active, satisfying relationship. He has numerous sexual fetishes and is expert in many of them: he's well-versed in kinky, German porn, he likes collecting vibrators[6], and he was revealed to be the notorious food rapist, AKA the "Pita Predator."[7] He has a firm opinion in favor of using corn starch as an aid to putting on "gimp suits"[8]. He frequently gets erections at seemingly inappropriate times, such as with his bum fights[9], while carving up dead bodies[6], when contemplating cyborg fights[10], or when he is just happy.[11] These recurring erections are a running joke in the series as they are obvious to the other characters, or even pointed out by himself when they go unnoticed. Unfortunately, he also sometimes has difficulty achieving erection under more normal circumstances.[10]
In addition to his scientific research, Krieger has a variety of more harmless recreational interests. He is a certified diver and has a flesh-tone, neoprene or human skin diving suit in his apartment.[11] He is an avid fan of rock music and apparently is a fairly accomplished drummer, although he is unable to play Rush's "YYZ", which he claimed to be "impossible [as] Neil Peart stands alone."[11] In addition to Rush, he is also a fan of Creedence Clearwater Revival; Cheryl returned his CCR album collection as she was breaking up with him.[12] He is frequently shown to own less than legal vans, which often get damaged or destroyed through the course of the series. They all have references to Rush albums, both in their names and the murals on the side. He bowls and plays poker with his fellow coworkers and enjoys making personalized firearm modifications. He also does a one-man comedy improv titled "The Science of Funny."
Science ExperimentsEditDoctor Krieger has conducted many experiments in the ISIS applied research laboratories:
- Creating a series of (imperfect) clones of himself.[13]
- Engineering a half-man, half-pig creature named "Pigley."[14]
- Engineering (what is assumed to be) a half-man, half-goat creature named "Goatley." [14]
- Programming his own virtual girlfriend.[4]
- Creating his own breast milk, which he has drunk on at least one occasion.[15]
- Testing a very ineffective form of body armor with an intern named Chet.[15]
- Creating a sex-bot called "Fister Roboto", but he doesn't just fist— he's a fully intergrated multi-fetish artificial being. And the best part is that he's learning. [16]
- Creating a Chokebot to choke Cheryl after she complains that his own hands were weak and childlike.[12]
- Creating the Formula K compounds that he tested on Danny the Intern, which supposedly turns subjects gay.[17]
- Creating Magic Breath Strips that were actually laced with LSD.[18]
- Tricking Ray, Pam, and Cheryl into drinking Krieger Kleanse, a tea he said was to evade a drug test, but also served as a hallucinogenic experiment.[19]
- Designing the world's most advanced Spy Car.[20]
- Turning Archer's mostly dead fiancee, Katya Kazanova, into a sexually functional Cyborg.[11]
- Attempting to channel and duplicate the pound-for-pound strength of an ant into himself.[21]
- Building cyborg legs for Ray Gillette and a bionic arm for Conway Stern. Has bionic hands ready for Lana; all she has to do is: "Say the word." Till that time, they shall suffice as "jazz hands".[22]
- Working on unspecified but, (presumably) dangerous and unsuccessful projects involving Komodo Dragons.[23]
- Instructing Barry Dylan in how to build a spacecraft capable of surviving re-entry.[10]
- Made an irradiated pig named Pigley III, who eats people.[24]
- Made a mind control chip that is so tiny that it can be placed into the head with a syringe, that is later to be revealed as a tiny sticker from a Lego toy in season five.[25]
- Made a narco submarine that is undetectable by the coast guard, but confined entirely to Cheryl's indoor swimming pool. [26]
- Presumably the creature whose eyestalk emerges from the hot tub of the secret spa, as seen in The Archer Sanction.
- Has created a (possibly) functional "pants shitting ray" device the k-9000 infrasonic pulse rifle that utilizes the "Brown Note" {s6E4}
- In s6e4 Cyril Figis through implication (13:32/21:09) reveals that at some point in time Dr Krieger was working on an "Ejaculation Ray" to what extent and outcome is unknown.
Quotes Edit
- "Smoke bomb!" - Various episodes.
- "Stop! My penis can only get so erect."
- "For the love of God! Seal the exits!"
- "No, you maniac! You blew her up! Damn You! Goddamn you all to hell!"
- "That'll do Pigley... that'll do"
- Ben Brieger served as the model for Krieger.
- Even though Krieger was shown in the first 2 episodes, he didn't have a voice until season 1 episode 4, Killing Utne.
- He seems to be one of the few characters who genuinely likes Archer. This may be because Archer generally treats him well.
- He has $105,526 in his ISIS 401(k)[3]
- According to ISIS employment records, his legal first name is "Doctor."[3]
- He is neither a medical doctor, nor does he have a doctoral degree of any kind.[18]
- "Krieger" is German for "warrior."[2]
- He is an expert in manipulating the controls for the ISIS building, such as the elevator and the furnace (although he admits he has no idea how to run the ISIS worldwide radar system). He is also very good at improvising devices from scavenged equipment.[9][10]
- Pam has sarcastically called Krieger "Clone Wars," after she discovered that he was a possible genetic clone of Adolf Hitler.[2] This is a reference to how the Clone Troopers in the Star Wars series were created by using a genetic sample from Mandalorian bounty hunter, Jango Fett.
- The door to Krieger's lab is apparently from the pocket battleship Graf Spee, as stated in Legs. Though resistant to handgun fire and protected by electronic locks, it is vulnerable to rocket launchers and C4. Further, his lab is directly connected to the HV/AC duct, into which he has positioned nerve gas canisters.
- Krieger says he is not a "serial" killer, although he put emphasis on the word "serial," implying that he is a killer. He is an expert at disposing of bodies and is completely callous both about the death of his colleagues and the act of putting bodies in dumpsters.[11][6][22]
- Throughout the series, as another running joke, he often shouts "Me, too!" in odd circumstances, for instance in reference to making his own aforementioned breast milk,[15] when Pam tells Archer to give his mother a hug as a thank you for his Dodge Challenger Special Agent Edition birthday present, he says no, and then Lana states, "Oh, God! He's got an erection!" [20], when Archer tells Woodhouse he would sneak up on him in his sleep if he wanted to see his bare feet[15], when Trinette says Seamus has a full diaper[15] and when Ray says he "piss[es] and shit[s] in a plastic bag".[22] This joke had fallen into disuse as of season 4.
- Krieger encounter three clones identical to himself in appearance, habits and personality in San Marcos. Following a fight that resulted in three of the four Kriegers dead, it is ambiguous as to whether or not the surviving Krieger is the original of the group or one of the three clones, the identity muddled by being aware of Cheryl's "microchip" yet seemingly "forgetting" his co-workers names (which he originally attributed to a concussion.) This seems to be a reference to the film The Boys from Brazil, in which 94 genetically identical clones of Adolf Hitler were created by Joseph Mengele.
- As a running joke Krieger reacts to something by screaming, "No, you maniac! You blew her up! Damn you! God damn you all to hell!" (Or some variation on the original line, such as, "They were goat feet. And you threw them out! Oh, damn you! God damn you all to hell!" in Pocket Listing.) This is an obvious reference to the final line from the 1968 film Planet of the Apes.
- Krieger owns and operates a company called AlgerSoft which has a top secret website[27] which can be accessed by deciphering the various clues provided in Season 6 starting with episode 2 to obtain the username and password. Among the files available on the site include all of Krieger's research, some music and ringtones and surveillance videos inside of the Tunt Manor bathroom.
- Although possible, he is most likely not a clone of Adolf Hitler because if he was, he would look like Hitler.
Appearances Edit
Season 1:Edit
- "Mole Hunt"
- "Training Day"
- "Killing Utne"
- "Honeypot"
- "Skorpio"
- "The Rock"
- "Dial M for Mother"
Season 2: Edit
- "Swiss Miss"
- "A Going Concern"
- "Blood Test"
- "Pipeline Fever"
- "Tragical History"
- "Stage Two"
- "Placebo Effect"
- "El Secuestro"
- "Jeu Monégasque"
- "White Nights"
- "Double Trouble"
Season 3: Edit
- "The Man From Jupiter"
- "El Contador"
- "Drift Problem"
- "Lo Scandalo"
- "Bloody Ferlin"
- "Crossing Over" (Only in a flashback of Archer attempting to remember events from the previous night in the scene before the opening credits & theme song)
- "Skin Game"
- "Space Race: Part I"
- "Space Race: Part II"
Season 4: Edit
- "Fugue and Riffs"
- "The Wind Cries Mary"
- "Legs"
- "Midnight Ron"
- "Viscous Coupling"
- "Once Bitten"
- "The Honeymooners"
- "Un Chien Tangerine"
- "The Papal Chase "
- "Sea Tunt: Part I"
- "Sea Tunt: Part II"
Season 5: Edit
(Note: Lucky Yates, the voice of Dr. Krieger, was added to the main credited cast. The main opening sequence was modified to include his name.)
- "White Elephant"
- "Archer Vice: A Kiss While Dying"
- "Archer Vice: A Debt of Honor"
- "Archer Vice: House Call"
- "Archer Vice: Southbound and Down"
- "Archer Vice: Baby Shower"
- "Archer Vice: Smugglers' Blues"
- "Archer Vice: The Rules of Extraction"
- "Archer Vice: On the Carpet"
- "Archer Vice: Palace Intrigue, Part I"
- "Archer Vice: Palace Intrigue, Part II"
- "Archer Vice: Filibuster"
- "Archer Vice: Arrival/Departure"
Gallery of ImagesEditThere are 34 images of Dr. Algernop Krieger on this Wiki, visit the Dr. Algernop Krieger gallery to view all the images and screenshots. Here is a sample of four images from the gallery:
- ↑ "Kreiger". Archer Official Website. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Placebo Effect
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jeu Monégasque
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Tragical History
- ↑ Drastic Voyage: Part II
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lo Scandalo
- ↑ Mole Hunt
- ↑ Fugue and Riffs
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Rock
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Viscous Coupling
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Skin Game
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Dial M for Mother
- ↑ Pipeline Fever
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Stage Two
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Blood Test
- ↑ Killing Utne
- ↑ Honeypot
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 A Going Concern
- ↑ El Contador
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Drift Problem
- ↑ The Wind Cries Mary
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Legs
- ↑ Midnight Ron
- ↑ The Honeymooners
- ↑ House Call
- ↑ On the Carpet
- ↑ Algersoft - "We Don't Ask What You'll Use It For"


text:
Book review: 'Fit2Fat2Fit' details how one man gained 75 pounds and lost it again on purpose
"FIT 2 FAT 2 FIT: The Unexpected Lessons from Gaining and Losing 75 lbs on Purpose," by Drew Manning with Brad Pierce, HarperOne, $25.99, 233 pages (nf)
Gaining 75 pounds on purpose isn't something ordinarily done.
That is exactly what Drew Manning, a personal trainer from Eagle Mountain, did. As he worked with clients, time after time, they'd make great progress toward a more healthy lifestyle and body. Then discouragement and frustration would set in, and Manning didn't know how to help them.
He realized that because he'd always been interested in health and exercise and was naturally a fit person, he wasn't able to relate to his clients' feelings. He'd never known what it was like to be overweight.
He made the stunning decision to gain as much weight as possible for six months and then lose it again in an effort to understand the challenges people encounter when trying to lose weight and become more healthy. He documents his journey in a new book titled "Fit 2 Fat 2 Fit."
Back in the beginning, Manning set up a website, www.fit2fat2fit.com, to chronicle the entire journey.
He knew he'd look different. He expected he'd have less energy with an unhealthy diet and no exercise. He didn't expect how much he'd change in other ways — even his personality and outlook on life.
At his heaviest, Manning could scarcely manage his normal daily routines. Even dressing was a challenge. Playing with his children — something he'd always loved — was too tiring. His habits of helping with cooking and household duties changed to lying on the couch in pain and embarrassment.
His normal desire for healthy food changed, and he found himself craving doughnuts, greasy french fries and gallons of Mountain Dew. The more he ate, the hungrier he felt. He began to fear he'd done permanent damage to his body's systems.
But the blog attracted national attention, and the hope of helping thousands of people — instead of just a handful of clients — kept him going. Blog readers even provided food challenges where he'd eat huge amounts in one sitting.
Finally the six months was over, and it was time to begin the second leg of the journey — to lose it all.
Manning was shocked at how hard it was, but he succeeded, and now he has a greater understanding of what it takes to change an unhealthy lifestyle.
Written in a conversational style, "Fit 2 Fat 2 Fit" is easy for the typical non-workout type person to understand. It also includes his favorite recipes, complete meal plans and simple exercises with photo illustrations to make it as easy as possible.
If you go ...
What: Drew Manning book signing
When: Thursday, June 14, 5 p.m.
Where: Barnes and Noble, McIntyre Center, 1104 E. 2100 South, Salt Lake City
Web: barnesandnoble.com
Also ...
When: Saturday, June 16, 11:30 a.m.-1 p.m.
Where: Deseret Book, downtown at City Creek, 45 W. South Temple, Salt Lake City
Web: deseretbook.com
When: Saturday, June 16, 2-3:30 p.m.
Where: Deseret Book, Ft. Union, 1110 Fort Union Blvd., Midvale
Web: deseretbook.com
Also ...
When: Tuesday, June 19, 5 p.m.
Where: Barnes and Noble, South Towne Marketplace, 10180 S. State St., Sandy
Web: barnesandnoble.com
Margot Hovley's first novel will be published by Covenant Communications in fall 2012. Her self-reliance blog is at www.mynewoldschool.com or read about her writing adventures at www.margothovley.com.
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text:
18 Jun 2009
|2 1⁄4 Cup (36 tbs)
|Chopped onion
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Pinto beans
|3 1⁄2 Cup (56 tbs), drained and rinsed (Home Cooked Or Canned)
|Tomatoes with juice
|3 1⁄2 Cup (56 tbs) (Chopped Fresh Or Low Sodium Canned)
|Chili powder
|1 Tablespoon
|Tomato puree/Low sodium tomato paste
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Ground cumin
|1 Teaspoon
Heat 1/4 cup of the water in a large soup pot over medium heat.
Add the onion.
Cook and stir the onion over medium heat for 5 minutes or until tender.
Add more liquid during this process if necessary.
Place the beans in a blender or food processor and process for 30 seconds.
Set aside.
Place the tomatoes in the blender or food processor and process for 30 seconds.
Add the remaining 2 cups of water, beans and tomatoes, tomato puree or tomato paste, chili powder, and ground cumin to the onions in the saucepan.
Stir well.
Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer for 30 minutes.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Method:Slow Cooked
Rate It
0 Comments


text:
Are you Marijke C Jansen-van der Weide?Claim your profile
Publications (17)61.41 Total impact
- SourceAvailable from: Peter Van Ooijen
Article: A Meta Analysis and Hierarchical Classification of HU-Based Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Criteria[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Many computed tomography (CT) studies have reported that lipid-rich, presumably rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques can be characterized according to their Hounsfield Unit (HU) value. However, the published HU-based characterization criteria vary considerably. The present study aims to systematically analyze these values and empirically derive a hierarchical classification of the HU-based criteria which can be referred in clinical situation. A systematic search in PubMed and Embase for publications with HU-criteria to characterize lipid-rich and fibrous atherosclerotic plaques resulted in 36 publications, published between 1998 and 2011. The HU-criteria were systematically analyzed based on the characteristics of the reporting study. Significant differences between HU-criteria were checked using Student's t-test. Subsequently, a hierarchical classification of HU-criteria was developed based on the respective study characteristics. No correlation was found between HU-criteria and the reported lumen contrast-enhancement. Significant differences were found for HU-criteria when pooled according to the respective study characteristics: examination type, vessel type, CT-vendor, detector-rows, voltage-setting, and collimation-width. The hierarchical classification resulted in 21 and 22 CT attenuation value categories, for lipid-rich and fibrous plaque, respectively. More than 50% of the hierarchically classified HU-criteria were significantly different. In conclusion, variations in the reported CT attenuation values for lipid-rich and fibrous plaque are so large that generalized values are unreliable for clinical use. The proposed hierarchical classification can be used to determine reference CT attenuation values of lipid-rich and fibrous plaques for the local setting.PLoS ONE 09/2013; 8(9):e73460. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0073460 · 3.53 Impact Factor
- Radiology 10/2011; 261(1):326-327. · 6.21 Impact Factor
Article: Determination of choline concentration in breast lesions: quantitative multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy as a promising noninvasive assessment tool to exclude benign lesions.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To determine the optimal cutoff of choline (Cho) concentration in quantitative multivoxel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic data to safely prove benignancy in breast lesions. The study was institutional review board approved, and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Between July 2009 and July 2010, multivoxel MR spectroscopy was performed in 24 consecutive patients with 25 breast lesions assessed as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 or 4 and larger than 1 cm in diameter at mammography. Two-dimensional point-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy chemical shift imaging was first performed without signal suppression (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 1500/30) as reference measurement and was performed subsequently with suppression of water and fat signals (1500/135) to detect Cho. Differences in mean and highest Cho concentration in the breast lesions were tested for significance by using the independent sample t test. The final diagnosis was confirmed with pathologic findings. Fourteen of 25 breast lesions were malignant. The mean Cho concentration varied between 0.3 and 1.3 mmol/L (0.84 mmol/L ± 0.32 [standard deviation]) in benign lesions and between 1.3 and 9.5 mmol/L (3.10 mmol/L ± 2.21) in malignant lesions. The highest Cho concentrations in benign and malignant lesions were 0.4-1.5 mmol/L (1.19 mmol/L ± 0.33) and 1.7-11.8 mmol/L (4.08 mmol/L ± 2.81), respectively. Mean and highest Cho concentrations in benign and malignant breast lesions differed significantly (P = .02 for both). The study, in a relatively small patient population, shows that quantitative multivoxel MR spectroscopy can be applied to exclude benign breast lesions from further invasive diagnostic work-up with the implementation of a Cho concentration of 1.5 mmol/L or lower as a cutoff. Further larger studies will be needed to confirm these results.Radiology 04/2011; 259(3):695-703. DOI:10.1148/radiol.11101855 · 6.21 Impact Factor
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate the additional value of computer-aided detection (CAD) in breast MRI by assessing radiologists' accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions. A literature search was performed with inclusion of relevant studies using a commercially available CAD system with automatic colour mapping. Two independent researchers assessed the quality of the studies. The accuracy of the radiologists' performance with and without CAD was presented as pooled sensitivity and specificity. Of 587 articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria, all of good methodological quality. Experienced radiologists reached comparable pooled sensitivity and specificity before and after using CAD (sensitivity: without CAD: 89%; 95% CI: 78-94%, with CAD: 89%; 95%CI: 81-94%) (specificity: without CAD: 86%; 95% CI: 79-91%, with CAD: 82%; 95% CI: 76-87%). For residents the pooled sensitivity increased from 72% (95% CI: 62-81%) without CAD to 89% (95% CI: 80-94%) with CAD, however, not significantly. Concerning specificity, the results were similar (without CAD: 79%; 95% CI: 69-86%, with CAD: 78%; 95% CI: 69-84%). CAD in breast MRI has little influence on the sensitivity and specificity of experienced radiologists and therefore their interpretation remains essential. However, residents or inexperienced radiologists seem to benefit from CAD concerning breast MRI evaluation.European Radiology 03/2011; 21(8):1600-8. DOI:10.1007/s00330-011-2091-9 · 4.34 Impact Factor
Article: Exposure to low-dose radiation and the risk of breast cancer among women with a familial or genetic predisposition: a meta-analysis.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Women with familial or genetic aggregation of breast cancer are offered screening outside the population screening programme. However, the possible benefit of mammography screening could be reduced due to the risk of radiation-induced tumours. A systematic search was conducted addressing the question of how low-dose radiation exposure affects breast cancer risk among high-risk women. A systematic search was conducted for articles addressing breast cancer, mammography screening, radiation and high-risk women. Effects of low-dose radiation on breast cancer risk were presented in terms of pooled odds ratios (OR). Of 127 articles found, 7 were selected for the meta-analysis. Pooled OR revealed an increased risk of breast cancer among high-risk women due to low-dose radiation exposure (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9- 1.8). Exposure before age 20 (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.1) or a mean of ≥5 exposures (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0) was significantly associated with a higher radiation-induced breast cancer risk. Low-dose radiation increases breast cancer risk among high-risk women. When using low-dose radiation among high-risk women, a careful approach is needed, by means of reducing repeated exposure, avoidance of exposure at a younger age and using non-ionising screening techniques.European Radiology 11/2010; 20(11):2547-56. DOI:10.1007/s00330-010-1839-y · 4.34 Impact Factor
Article: Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: CT Angiography as a Primary Examination Tool for Diagnosis-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To calculate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at presentation. A systematic search for relevant studies was performed of the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodologic quality of each study by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. The inclusion criteria were met by 50 studies. Heterogeneity was tested, and the presence of publication bias was visually assessed (by using a funnel plot). A meta-analysis of the reported sensitivity and specificity of each study with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed on a per-patient level. Concerning sensitivity, the selected studies showed moderate heterogeneity. For specificity, low heterogeneity was observed. Moderate-heterogeneity studies that investigated only sensitivity or specificity were excluded from the pooled analyses by using a bivariate random effects model. The majority of the studies (n = 30) used a four-detector row CT scanner. The studies had good methodologic quality. Pooled sensitivity was 98% (95% CI: 97%, 99%), and pooled specificity was 100% (95% CI: 97%, 100%). Potential sources of variability among the studies were variations in the methodologic features (quality score), CT examination procedure (number of rows on the multidetector CT scanner), the standard of reference used, and the prevalence of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. There was evidence for publication bias, which may have led to overestimation of the diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography. Multidetector CT angiography can be used as a primary examination tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with SAH.Radiology 10/2010; 258(1):134-45. DOI:10.1148/radiol.10092373 · 6.21 Impact Factor
Article: The validation of a simulation model incorporating radiation risk for mammography breast cancer screening in women with a hereditary-increased breast cancer risk.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: For women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation or a strong family history of breast cancer, there is no clear estimation of the risk of tumour induction versus the beneficial effects of mammography screening available. This study aims to validate the Simulation Model on Radiation Risk and breast cancer Screening (SiMRiSc) model in these women, which can provide information on the benefits and risks of screening for breast cancer for various screening scenarios. The simulation model for breast cancer screening was developed and the values for model parameters including cancer induction due to radiation were derived from the literature. The simulation model was validated by comparing the outcome data of the model with the data from three published screening studies of women with an increased hereditary breast cancer risk. A sensitivity analysis was used to estimate the error margins of the outcome data and to analyse the sensitivity of the simulation model to each parameter. The model predicted 71+/-4% of the reported tumours. When excluding the excess number of incident tumours detected in the first screening round, the model predicted 85+/-6% of the tumours reported. The model was most sensitive to changes in the parameters related to lifetime breast cancer risk and sensitivity of mammography. We conclude that the simulation model is suitable for the provision of accurate benefits' and risks' estimations necessary for the refinement of the screening guidelines for women at an increased risk of breast cancer.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 1990) 11/2009; 46(3):495-504. DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.030 · 4.82 Impact Factor
Article: How patients and relatives experience a visit from a consulting physician in the euthanasia procedure: a study among relatives and physicians.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the impact of a visit from a consulting physician on the patient and the relatives during the euthanasia procedure in The Netherlands. Data on experiences with the consultant's visit were collected from 86 relatives and 3,614 general practitioners, who described their most recent request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. More than three-quarters of the patients experienced the visit as they had expected, or became more positive. Although about 1 out of 5 patients had negative experiences, this study indicates that, in general, a visit from a consulting physician is not perceived to be burdensome for patients.Death Studies 04/2009; 33(3):199-219. DOI:10.1080/07481180802672272 · 0.92 Impact Factor
Article: Quality of consultation and the project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands' (SCEN).[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Consultation of another physician is one of the requirements for prudent practice. The project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in the Netherlands' (SCEN) is aimed at professionalizing consultation. The objective of this study is to assess whether the quality of consultation was improved through SCEN. In four districts all general practitioners (GPs) received a pre-test questionnaire approximately six weeks before the start of the project in the period (n=1224, response 71%). In the period from April 2000 to December 2002, all GPs in districts in which SCEN had been implemented received a written post-test questionnaire one and a half years after the start of the project. This post-test questionnaire was returned by 60% of the GPs (n=3614). In SCEN consultations the attending physicians has no specific relation to the attending physician in 85% of consultations, while this is the case for 31% of other consultations. While before the start of SCEN in 71% of consultations six or seven of the seven criteria for good consultation were met, in SCEN consultations 83% of cases six or seven of these requirements were met. GPS who had consulted a SCEN physician generally were more positive about different aspects than those who consulted another consultant, such as considering the consultant to be able to make an independent judgement (totally agree 74% versus 59%). Although the quality of consultation appears to be high for both SCEN physicians and other consultants, the SCEN project further contributed to the quality of consultation. Since GPs attach importance to judgement of SCEN physician and have the intention to use it in future, and the quality of consultation stays high over time, this project is expected to maintain its value.Health Policy 02/2007; 80(1):97-106. DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.03.005 · 1.73 Impact Factor
Article: Requests for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide and the availability and application of palliative options.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the palliative options available when a patient requested euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS), the extent to which the options were applied, and changes in the patient's wishes. In an observational study, 3614 general practitioners (GPs) filled in a questionnaire and described their most recent request for EAS (if any) (n = 1,681). Palliative options were still available in 25% of cases. In these cases options were applied in 63%; in 46% of these cases patients withdrew their request. Medication other than antibiotics, which was most frequently mentioned as a palliative option (67%), and applied most frequently (79%), together with radiotherapy, most frequently resulted in patients withdrawing their request. GPs include the availability of palliative options in their decision making when considering EAS. The fact that not all options are applied or, if applied, the patient persists in the request is related to autonomy of the patient, the burden on the patient, and medical futility of the option.Palliative and Supportive Care 01/2007; 4(4):399-406. DOI:10.1017/S1478951506060494 · 0.98 Impact Factor
Article: [Granted, undecided, withdrawn and refused requests for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the Netherlands; 2000-2002].[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To determine the characteristics of patients who request euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide and whether these characteristics differ among those whose request is granted, those who die before the procedure, those who die before completion of the approval process, those who withdraw their request, and lastly, those whose request is refused by the physician. Questionnaire study. All general practitioners in 18 of the 23 Dutch general practitioner districts received a written questionnaire in which they were asked to describe the most recent request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide that they had received (response 60%, n=3614). Of all explicit requests, 44% resulted in euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. Thirteen percent of patients died before the procedure, 13% died before completion of the approval process, 13% withdrew their request and 12% were refused by the physician. The most prominent symptoms were 'feeling bad', 'tiredness', and 'lack of appetite'. The most frequently mentioned reasons for requesting euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide were 'pointless suffering', 'loss of dignity', and 'general weakness'. The patients' situation met the official requirements for accepted practice best in the group of requests that resulted in euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide and least in the group of refused requests. A lesser degree of competence and less unbearable and hopeless suffering had the strongest associations with the refusal of a request. The complexity of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide decision-making is reflected in the fact that, besides granting and refusing a request, 3 other situations could be distinguished. The decisions physicians made, the reasons for their decisions and the way they arrived at their decisions appeared to be based on patient evaluations and on the official requirements for accepted practice.Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 03/2006; 150(5):249-54.
Article: When being 'tired of living' plays an important role in a request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: patient characteristics and the physician's decision.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the Netherlands physicians are allowed to grant requests for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS) if they meet several requirements of due care. According to jurisprudence, a physician is not allowed to end the life of a patient whose request for EAS is based on being 'tired of living', because such a request falls outside the medical domain. Our previous studies have shown that in spite of this, such requests are made approximately 400 times a year. To learn more about patients who request EAS because they are tired of living, and about factors that influence the decision of the physician. Questionnaires (n=4842) completed by general practitioners (n=3994). According to the physicians, 17% of patients who requested EAS were 'tired of living'. Of 139 patients in whose request for EAS being tired of living played a major role, 47% suffered from cancer, 25% suffered from another severe disease and 28% had no severe disease. In all three groups the same three symptoms occurred most frequently, 'feeling bad', 'tired', and 'not active'. Each of these symptoms occurred in more than half of the patients in each group. Most of the requests from patients with cancer were granted, but those from patients who had some other severe disease, or no severe disease at all, were refused. Factors that were related to granting a request were: the presence of unbearable and hopeless suffering, the absence of alternatives, and the absence of depressive symptoms. Being tired of living can play a major role in requests for EAS, both in the absence and the presence of a severe disease. The high occurrence of symptoms in the absence of a classifiable severe disease implies that physical symptoms are prevalent in this group of patients, leaving the legal requirement for EAS of 'a medical cause' open to interpretation in the more complex medical practice.Health Policy 11/2005; 74(2):157-66. DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.01.002 · 1.73 Impact Factor
Article: Withdrawing an explicit request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: a retrospective study on the influence of mental health status and other patient characteristics[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mental health status may be closely related to an instability of intentions toward a premature death, but little is known about such instability following an explicit request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS) and patient characteristics associated with a change of mind. A questionnaire was sent to 6596 general practitioners in The Netherlands (response rate 60%). Of these, 1681 provided descriptions of the most recent explicit request for EAS they had received in the preceding 18 months. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were related to a change of mind, but no relationship was found with the total score of the NOSGER Mood Dimension. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that patients who changed their mind had more mental health problems and less mental clarity than those who died by EAS. They also had fewer general health problems, had less unbearable and pointless suffering (according to the physician), were less concerned about loss of dignity and alternative treatment options were more frequently available. A further analysis revealed that mental health problems were more prevalent among patients whose requests were refused than among those who changed their mind. The physicians' evaluations of the reasons why a patient requested EAS were similar to a more objective measure of the patient characteristics. These findings suggest that mental health status must be carefully assessed, and possible instability of desire must be taken into account in the course of a request for EAS. These results require replication, and future studies should adopt a prospective method.Psychological Medicine 10/2005; 35(9):1265-74. DOI:10.1017/S0033291705005465 · 5.43 Impact Factor
Article: Granted, undecided, withdrawn, and refused requests for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to obtain information about the characteristics of requests for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EAS) and to distinguish among different types of situations that can arise between the request and the physician's decision. All general practitioners in 18 of the 23 Dutch general practitioner districts received a written questionnaire in which they were asked to describe the most recent request for EAS they received. A total of 3614 general practitioners responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 60%). Of all explicit requests for EAS, 44% resulted in EAS. In the other cases the patient died before the performance (13%) or finalization of the decision making (13%), the patient withdrew the request (13%), or the physician refused the request (12%). Patients' most prominent symptoms were "feeling bad," "tiredness," and "lack of appetite." The most frequently mentioned reasons for requesting EAS were "pointless suffering," "loss of dignity," and "weakness." The patients' situation met the official requirements for accepted practice best in requests that resulted in EAS and least in refused requests. A lesser degree of competence and less unbearable and hopeless suffering had the strongest associations with the refusal of a request. The complexity of EAS decision making is reflected in the fact that besides granting and refusing a request, 3 other situations could be distinguished. The decisions physicians make, the reasons they have for their decisions, and the way they arrived at their decisions seem to be based on patient evaluations. Physicians report compliance with the official requirements for accepted practice.Archives of Internal Medicine 08/2005; 165(15):1698-704. DOI:10.1001/archinte.165.15.1698 · 13.25 Impact Factor
Article: When being 'tired of living' plays an important role in a request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: patient characteristics and the physician's decision
Article: Implementation of the project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in The Netherlands' (SCEN).[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the project 'Support and Consultation on Euthanasia in The Netherlands' (SCEN), general practitioners (GPs) receive training in formal consultation and in giving expert advice to colleagues who have questions about euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EAS). This study describes the way in which this project was implemented in The Netherlands and how it was received by GPs. In the period from April 2000 to December 2002, all GPs in the districts in which SCEN had been implemented received a written post-test questionnaire a year and a half after the start of the project. Registration forms were also filled in by the SCEN physicians and the GPs who contacted SCEN. The post-test questionnaire was returned by 60% of the GPs (n = 3614), and registration forms were returned by 86% (n = 3337) of the GPs who contacted SCEN. The gradual nation-wide implementation of SCEN was completed within the 4-year study period. Almost all GPs were familiar with the project (99%) and most GPs knew what they could contact SCEN for. Most GPs felt supported by the presence of SCEN, and most GPs also had a positive attitude towards consultation and SCEN. GPs who had received an explicit request for EAS, or had performed EAS, often consulted SCEN physicians (71 and 85%, respectively). Reasons for contacting SCEN were: independence (60%), expertise (58%), and accessibility/availability of a consultant (45%). Reasons for not contacting SCEN were: enough other possibilities for counselling and consultation (48%) only at the beginning of the decision-making process (36%), and sufficient knowledge about EAS (22%). Most GPs intended to use SCEN in the future (96%). The implementation of SCEN has been successful, according to the four steps for successful implementation: awareness, attitude, use and future use. In this respect, linking up with existing networks and good organisation may play an important role. Furthermore, GPs consider it important to have a facility like SCEN which they can contact concerning EAS.Health Policy 10/2004; 69(3):365-73. DOI:10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.04.010 · 1.73 Impact Factor
Conference Paper: Computer-aided Detection (CAD) in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review different CAD-systems in MR mammography. 2. To determine the value of a specific CAD-system for MR mammography 3. To outline the discrimination between benign and malignant breast lesions in MR mammography with and without the use of CAD. CONTENT ORGANIZATION CAD-systems for MRI essentially provide easier ways of interpreting the patterns of contrast enhancement and washout across a series of images. We will discuss CAD-systems, which are either commercially available or institution-specific computer analysis systems, the characteristics and the quality of the different CAD-systems and the discrimination between benign and malignant breast lesions in MRI with and without the use of CAD. SUMMARY Commercially available or institution-specific CAD-systems are adequate for sensitivity and can efficiently judge MR mammography. CAD-systems have the potential to improve the discrimination of benign from malignant breast lesions at MR imaging. Furthermore, CAD-systems are useful as a tool to supplement the radiologist's subject interpretation, but should not be a replacement to the radiologist's assessment.Radiological Society of North America 2009 Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting;
Top Journals
University of Groningen
Groningen, Province of Groningen, Netherlands
- • Department of Radiology
- • Department of Epidemiology
VU University Medical Center
Amsterdamo, North Holland, Netherlands
- • Department of Public and Occupational Health
- • Department of Social Medicine
VU University Amsterdam
Amsterdamo, North Holland, Netherlands
- • Department of Social Medicine
- • Department of Public and Occupational Health


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USA's Lloyd 'dreamed' of final goal
USA midfielder Carli Lloyd says she dreamed of scoring from the halfway line in the Women's World Cup final.BBC Sport » 3h
USA midfielder Carli Lloyd says she dreamed of scoring from the halfway line in the Women's World Cup final.BBC Sport » 3h
BBC Sport looks back at the highs and lows from a memorable 2015 Women's World Cup.BBC Sport » 4h
Watch the USA team collect the 2015 Women's World Cup trophy after they thrash Japan 5-2 in the final in Vancouver.BBC Sport » 4h
From the kindness of Canadians to a super final - after 53 games over 29 days, the highs and lows of the Women's World Cup.BBC Sport » 5h
Carli Lloyd scores a sensational 13-minute hat-trick as USA beat holders Japan 5-2 in Vancouver to win the Women's World Cup.BBC Sport » 5h
A Carli Lloyd-inspired USA win their third Women's World Cup after a dominant display to beat Japan 5-2 in the 2015 final in Vancouver.BBC Sport » 5h
Email firstname.lastname@example.com with your thoughts Or tweet him @tom_lutz What USA need to do to beat Japan The Japanese players to watch in the final Follow all the action – in Japanese – here ! 7.53pm ET Half-time emails: "Re: Lloyd. Scoring a halfway line goal to secure a hat-trick in the WGuardian » 7h
初めての試みとしてガーディアンのライブブログを日本語でも提供します!果たして、なでしこジャパンの2連覇になるのか?それともアメリカが4大会ぶり、新記録となる3度目の優勝を果たすのか?2015年女子ワールド�Guardian » 7h
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The Buchan Hotel, Vancouver
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 61 smoke-free guestrooms
- Restaurant
- Ski storage
- Self parking
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in the lobby
- Daily housekeeping
- Lobby fireplace
- Front desk safe
- Self-serve laundry
- Free newspapers in the lobby
- Luggage storage
What's around
- In Downtown Vancouver
- Roedde House Museum (0.5 mi / 0.8 km)
- Stanley Park (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
- Vancouver Aquarium (0.8 mi / 1.4 km)
- Pacific Centre Shopping Mall (1.2 mi / 1.9 km)
- Canada Place (1.4 mi / 2.3 km)
This hotel has an awesome location. I took the Skytrain from the airport to vancouver…
The hotel staff could not have been friendlier or more helpful. The hotel is an inner…
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Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $87
- Economy Room, 2 Double Beds, Shared Bathroom
- Standard Queen
- Economy Room, 1 Queen Bed, Shared Bathroom
- Standard Double Room
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds
- Economy Room, 1 Double Bed, Shared Bathroom
- Deluxe Room, 1 Queen Bed
- Family Room (Deluxe)
- Economy Room, 2 Single Beds, Shared Bathroom
- Basement Double Twin
- Basement Queen
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 61 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-1:30 AM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-out
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Children (17 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Self parking (limited) *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Two Star Vancouver hotels
In the hotel
- Restaurant
- Coffee/tea in the lobby
- Ski storage
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Fireplace in lobby
In the room
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Hair dryer (on request)
- 32-inch flat-screen TV
- Premium TV channels
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
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The Buchan Hotel, Vancouver's small print
Also known as
- Buchan Hotel
- Buchan Hotel Vancouver
- Buchan Vancouver
- Hotel Buchan
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
This property does not have elevators.
Parking height restrictions apply.
The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
Optional extras
Parking is available nearby and costs CAD 10 per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Hang tight!
Recipe by meangenedrlove
"Not satisfied with many of the egg drop soup recipes I have come across here and elsewhere, I decided to try coming up with my own. It's not the prettiest looking soup around, but it is closer in taste and substance to what I was looking for. I may add some sweet corn next time I make it to add a little sweetness to it."
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4 cups
chicken broth, divided
1/4 cup
matchstick-cut carrots
1 tablespoon
matchstick-cut fresh ginger
green onions, thinly sliced with white and green parts separated
2 teaspoons
1/2 cup
shredded cabbage
eggs, beaten
salt and ground black pepper to taste
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Deluxe Egg Drop Soup
Serving Size: 1/4 of a recipe
Servings Per Recipe: 4
Amount Per Serving
** Calories: 65
** Calories from Fat: 27
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VIEWS: 21 PAGES: 1 CATEGORY: Lifestyle POSTED ON: 2/6/2009 Public Domain
2003 TIN STAR Napa Valley Red Wine TECHNICAL INFORMATION Varietals: 41% Cabernet Franc, 25% Cabernet Sauvignon, 24% Sangiovese, 10% Petite Sirah Vineyard: This wine comes from a warm growing area of the Napa Valley near Howell Mountain. The vineyard is on a terraced, circular hillside overlooking a large lake. The vineyards were harvested in late October, 2003. Winemaking: The wine was fermented with native yeasts and allowed to macerate on the skins for several weeks. It went through many peaks and valleys during those few weeks. Finally the wine reached a point where the herbaceous qualities subsided and a warm dark fruit component took over with far reaching tannins. Winemaker: Team Bounty Hunter Aging: 24 months in French oak, 60% new barrels Best From: 2008-2014 Production: 250 cases Suggested Food Pairing: Grilled pork chop, beef ribeye or New York strip, chicken cacciatore, braised root vegetables, and manchego cheese. THE STORY Only distinct wines of character are chosen to carry our Tin Star. From the complex soils along terraced hillside vineyards to the unique creekside benchland, we scour the countyryside each year to choose one wine to wear this badge of honor. Though the vineyard and blend may change, one thing is for sure - you're getting a complexity of flavors and a texture you'll rarely experience. TASTING NOTES A proprietary blend sourced primarily from the base of Howell Mountain, the '03 Tin Star is a powerhouse red. The secret weapon of Petite Sirah adds a bit of brambliness and a lot of color, but most of the primary flavors are in the realm of ripe, dark fruits and a little mint. There's big- time attitude from entry to finish. This is a negociant wine for Bounty Hunter.
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