text:
CSW12 Complete Variants David Sutton Introduction This document seeks to provide a comprehensive tabulation of variant spelling forms in CSW12, for words up to nine letters in length. It can be viewed as a big brother to 'CSW12 New Variants', which dealt only with new variants introduced in CSW12: that is to say, new words which were simply variant forms of words already existing in CSW7. Again, the idea is to ease at least marginally the task of word learning by grouping the words into 'variant spelling' sets. The following provisos should be noticed. only root forms are listed. It can normally be taken for granted that inflections follow suit. I have not sought to include inflectional variants such as LABELED/LABELLED. only root forms with nine or fewer letters are included, though if these have variant spellings with more than nine letters, those are shown. the large number of –ISE/-IZE variants are omitted. Since CSW7 it can overhelmingly be assumed that any verb ending in –ISE has a corresponding –IZE form; there are exceptions like ADVISE, CHASTISE, DESPISE and FRANCHISE but few that are likely to seduce one into error. it must be remembered that some variants may possess part of speech properties not possessed by other variants of that form. For example, in the case of ALARM/ALARUM/LARUM ALARM and ALARUM are both noun and verb, but LARUM is noun only. Similarly, in the case of ALATE/ALATED, ALATE is both adjective and noun and so can take an –S, but ALATED is adjective only. I have assumed that Scrabble players serious enough to be interested in this document are likely to be aware of such nuances, or prepared to research the matter further on their own account. this document restricts itself to variant spellings. It is not about words unrelated by spelling which refer to the same thing. For example, KAAMA is another name for the HARTEBEEST, but you won't find that here. But I have erred somewhat on the side of generosity by including adjectival forms which are not strictly speaking variant spellings but which differ only by ending and have the same or virtually the same meaning e.g. LACTEAL LACTEAN LACTEOUS, which all mean, more or less, 'milky'. I also include words which are essentially the same word but which have acquired slightly different nuances of meaning e.g. CAPTIVE, CAITIFF and CAITIVE, which all derive from Latin captivus, but where the (obsolete) CAITIFF and CAITIVE carry a suggestion of baseness absent from the modern form CAPTIVE. I have not gone to great lengths to seek out 'unnecessary' variants based on less common and less productive meanings of words. For example, the flower wild mignonette has names WALD and WELD, but most Scrabble players will be content to know WELD as the verb meaning to join two pieces of metal by fusing, so I have not bothered to include WALD/WELD. I shall be glad to know of any errors or omissions. 1 Version History 01/03/12 1.0 First release 2 aal an E. Indian shrub al aargh an exclamation indicating dismay aarrgh aarrghh argh aarti an Indian ceremony in which candles dipped in ghee are lighted and offered to arti various deities aba a Syrian cloth of goat's or camel's hair; an outer garment made of it abaya abba abaca the Manila-hemp plant, or its fiber abaka abamp a unit equivalent to 10 amperes abampere aband to abandon abandon abashless unashamed bashless abater one who abates eg a nuisance abator abatis a rampart of felled trees or branches abattis abaxial away from the axis or central line abaxile abbacy the office of abbot abbotcy abcee the alphabet absey abdabs terror, the frights, nerves, as in 'the screaming abdabs' habdabs abduce to draw or conduct away abduct aberrance erring, deviation aberrancy abetment the act of abetting abettal abetter one who abets abettor abeyance a state of suspension or temporary inactivity abeyancy able competent; (verb, obs.) to enable hable ablings perhaps ablins aiblins yibbles abodement a foreboding, an omen bodement aboideau a tide gate aboiteau 3 abomasum the fourth of the four stomachs of a ruminant abomasus abondance abundance, esp in whist abundance abundancy aboon above abune aborigen an original or native inhabitant of a country aborigin aborigine aboulia abnormal lack of ability to act or to make decisions abulia aboulic relating to aboulia, loss of willpower abulic abraid to awake, arouse abray abram auburn auburn abrasax a gem engraved with a mystical word and bearing a human-animal figure abraxas abricock an apricot apricock apricot abscisin a hormone which triggers the fall of autumn leaves in certain trees abscissin absciss the distance of a point from the y-axis measured parallel to the x-axis abscissa abscisse absinth the wormwood plant or other species of Artemisia; a liqueur made from this absinthe absorbant able to absorb; (noun) an absorbant substance absorbent abutment a buttress of an arch butment aby to pay the penalty for abye abysm an abyss abyss academe the academic life or world academia acai a berry found in the Brazilian rainforest, aka palm berry assai acaleph a kind of jellyfish acalephe acanth a genus of herbaceous prickly plants acanthus acaridan relating to the Acarida, mites and ticks; (noun) a mite or tick acaridean acaridian acater an officer who buys provisions; a chandler acatour 4 acates things purchased; provisions not made in the house; dainties achates acathisia a psychological condition characterised by agitation and a frequent desire to akathisia alter the posture acaudal tailless acaudate ecaudate acauline having a very short stem acaulose acaulous acca an academic acker accepter a person who accepts acceptor accessary accompanying, as a subordinate accessory accidia sloth; physical torpor accidie acedia accompt account; (verb) to account account accorage to encourage accourage encourage accouter to dress or equip, esp a warrior accoutre accrew to accrue accrue acerate of, like or resembling a needle acerated acerb bitter and sour acerbic acescence the act of turning sour, acetous fermentation acescency acetamid a white crystalline solid, derived from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent acetamide of hydrogen by acetyl acetose sour like vinegar acetous ach an interjection expressing regret or impatience och achaenium a small one-seeded fruit; a naked seed achene achenium akene ache a persistent dull pain; (verb) to be the site of this ake achieve to carry out successfully atchieve achoo an imitation of the sound of a sneeze ahchoo atishoo 5 achromic colourless achromous aciclovir a drug used in the treatment of herpes and HIV acyclovir acidulent having an acid quality acidulous acinar relating to an acinus, a berry which grows in clusters acinic acinose containing small seeds or drupes acinous ackee a small African sapindaceous tree; its edible fruit, often used in Caribbean akee cookery ackers money akkas acmatic relating to an acme, a peak acmic acolyte a faithful follower acolyth acouchi a relative of the agouti acouchy acquest a thing acquired; spec. property gained otherwise than by inheritance acquist acquight to acquit acquit acquite acrasia loss of self-control akrasia acridin a compound found in coal-tar acridine acronic occurring at nightfall or sunset (esp of the rising or setting of stars) acronical acronycal actinia a sea anemone of the genus Actinia; loosely any sea anemone actinian actinide any element of a group from element no. 89 (actinium) upwards actinoid acton a stuffed jacket worn under the mail hacqueton aculeate prickly; pointed; stinging; (noun) a stinging insect aculeated adamance the state of being adamant adamancy adapter something that adapts adaptor addable capable of being added addible addeem to award; to adjudge addoom addresser one who addresses addressor adhan the Muslim call to prayer, made five times a day by a muezzin 6 azan adipose of or pertaining to fatty substances adipous adjacence the state of being adjacent or contiguous adjacency adjurer one who adjures adjuror adjutage a tube added to or inserted into an aperture to control the outflow of water, ajutage as a pipe at the mouth of an artificial fountain admiral the chief commander of a navy; a naval officer of rank equivalent to a general ammiral in the army adobe an unburned, sun-dried brick made of clay and straw dobie doby adpress to press against appress adrad afraid adred adsuki a kind of bean, an Oriental food plant aduki adzuki azuki adunc hooked aduncate aduncated aduncous advance to move or cause to move ahead vaunce adventure to risk, to dare aventure avisement advisement vizament adviser one who advises advisor adward to award award adz a cutting tool with an arched blade set at right angles to the handle adze ae one yae aecidium a cup-shaped fructification in rust fungi aecium aedile in classical times, a magistrate in charge of games, markets or buildings edile aefald onefold or singular; simple; honest aefauld afald afawld aegirine a silicate of iron and sodium occurring in many alkaline igneous rocks aegirite aegis protection, patronage 7 egis aeglogue a pastoral poem, often in the form of a dialogue between shepherds eclogue aemule to emulate emulate emule aeneous of a shining bronze colour aeneus aeolian relating to, acted on by, or due to the agency of, the wind eolian aeolipile the first steam engine, with a globe made to revolve by steam jets, described aeolipyle in 1st century AD eolipile eolopile aeon the largest division of geological time, composed of several eras eon aeonian lasting for aeons, eternal aeonic eonian aerie a bird of prey's nest aery aiery ayrie eyrie eyry aerofoil a structure which gives rise to a lift force when moving through the air, eg airfoil a wing of an aircraft aerolite a meteorite aerolith aerugo a green film that forms on copper erugo aesthesia the ability to receive sense impressions aesthesis esthesia esthesis aesthete a lover of fine things esthete aesthetic keenly appreciative of the beautiful esthetic aestival of or relating to summer estival aestivate to pass the summer in a state of torpor estivate aether the upper air ether aethereal characterized by lightness and insubstantiality ethereal ethereous etherial aetheric relating to the aether etheric 8 etherical aetiology the science of causes, especially of disease etiology afear to frighten affear affeare aff off off affixal relating to an affix, an appendage affixial affixment something affixed affixture affluence the state of being affluent affluency afflux a flowing towards or together affluxion affoord to afford afford affronte face to face, or front to front; facing affrontee afeard afraid affeard afraid effraide afreet in Arabian mythology, an evil spirit or giant monster afrit aga a Turkish commander agha agacant provoking, alluring agacante agama a kind of tropical lizard agamid agamic non-sexual agamous agast aghast aghast agee off the straight; ajar ajee ageism discrimination on grounds of age agism again once more agen agin agenesia absence or imperfect development of a bodily part agenesis aggadic relating to the haggadah, the Pesach guidebook, used during Seder hagadic haggadic aggrace to please, gratify aggrate aggri ancient W. African variegated glass beads 9 aggry agister an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted agistor aglee aside, askew agley agly aglet the tag covering the ends of a lace aiglet agloo a breathing hole made in ice by a seal aglu aglossal relating to aglossia, the congenital lack of a tongue aglossate aglycon an organic compound, as a phenol or alcohol, combined with the sugar portion aglycone of a glycoside agnatic pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors agnatical agouti a small S. American rodent related to the guinea-pig agouty aguti agrafe a hooked clasp used by masons to hold blocks together agraffe agrestal growing wild in cultivated ground (esp of weeds) agrestial aguna a woman whose husband has abandoned her but fails to provide an official divorce agunah ahent behind ahind ahint ahold near the wind; as, to lay a ship ahold aholds ahungered oppressed with hunger ahungry anhungred ahuru a small pink cod of SW Pacific waters ahuruhuru aia an Indian nurse-maid ayah aiga a large family, often spanning several generations ainga aigret a spray of jewels; an ornamental feather plume aigrette ailanthus an oriental tree, the tree of heaven ailanto ainsell one's own self nainsell air the mixture of gases breathed by people and animals; (verb) to make known publicly ayre airn iron; (verb) to iron iron airt direction, quarter; (verb) to direct airth 10 airward toward the air; upward airwards ait a small island in a river eyot aitchbone the rump bone of cattle; the rump cut of beef edgebone aizle hot ashes easle ajowan the fruit of an Egyptian plant of the caraway genus ajwan akinesia the loss of the power of voluntary movement akinesis akvavit a Scandinavian spirit made from potatoes or grain and flavoured with caraway aquavit seeds alaap in Indian music, the introductory section of a raga alap alapa almandine a deep red garnet consisting of an iron aluminum silicate almandite alackaday an expression of regret or deprecation lackaday alan a large hunting dog aland alant alang a coarse grass of the Malay peninsula lalang alanin an amino acid, a common constituent of proteins alanine alar of or pertaining to the wing or shoulder alary alarm a state of (esp sudden) fear; (verb) to frighten by a sudden revelation of danger alarum larum alate having wings; (noun) a winged insect alated alay to allay aleye allay albacore a kind of fish, like the tunny albicore albe albeit albee albeit albespine hawthorn albespyne albinal like an albino albinic albinism the state or condition of being an albino albinoism albitic pertaining to albite, a white silicate albitical 11 albizia a tropical tree albizzia alcade the governor of a fortress alcaide alcalde alcayde alcahest the universal solvent sought by alchemists alkahest alchemy the infant stage of chemistry alchymy alco a heavy drinker or alcoholic alko ale a kind of beer yill aleatoric dependent on chance, luck, or an uncertain outcome aleatory alef the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet aleph alegge to lighten, alleviate allegge alembic an ancient distilling apparatus limbec limbeck alerion an eagle displayed without feet or beak allerion aleuron a protein found in flour aleurone alexin a body present in the blood serum, which uniting with an anti-serum gives protection alexine against disease alfa a N. African esparto grass halfa alfaki a Muslim expounder of the law alfaqui alfaquin alfilaria a Californian weed, aka pin grass alfileria algaecide a substance for killing algae algicide algaroba the carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; its edible beans or algarroba pods algarrobo algate always; wholly; everywhere algates algesic relating to algesia, sensitivity to pain algetic alguacil an inferior officer of justice in Spain alguazil algum a wood imported into ancient Palestine, probably red sandalwood almug alidad a revolving index on an astrolabe or other instrument for reading gradations alidade 12 aliener a person who transfers property alienor aligarta (obs.) alligator alligarta align to arrange in a straight line aline aligner one who aligns aliner alignment the action of aligning alinement alike having close resemblance ylike alison a plant of the Alyssum genus of low-growing, cruciferous plants alyssum aliya the immigration of Jews to Israel aliyah alizarin a coloring principle found in madder, and now made artificially alizarine alkalic of a rock or mineral, containing large amounts of alkali alkalin alkaliser an agent that alkalises alkalizer alkanet a wild flower; a reddish plant-based dye obtained from this alkannin alkie an alcoholic alky allantoid a sac-like fetal membrane developing into umbilical cord and forming part of allantois the placenta alledge to allege allege allel any one of the two or more possible forms of a gene allele alleluia a song of praise to God alleluiah allergen a substance causing an allergic reaction allergin allice the European shad allis allod an estate held in absolute ownership, without acknowledgement to a superior allodium alod alodium allodial relating to allodium, property under absolute ownership alodial alluvion land gradually gained from the sea by the washing up of sand and earth alluvium alma an Egyptian dancing-girl almah alme almeh almanac an annual table, or book of tables, containing a calendar of months and days, 13 almanack usually with astronomical data and other information almery a recess for church vessels, a cupboard ambery ambry aumbry awmrie awmry almner a giver of alms; a social worker in a hospital almoner almous alms alms awmous almuce a furred hood with long ends hanging down in front, worn by certain religious amice orders almud a Spanish unit of capacity almude alnage measure by the ell aulnage alnager an inspector of cloth aulnager aloo a potato alu alow ablaze alowe alpenhorn a long powerful horn made of wood, used by Alpine cowherds alphorn alsoon as soon alsoone alteza highness altezza althaea a genus of plants of the mallow family, that includes the garden hollyhock althea altho although although alumin an oxide of aluminium alumina alumine aluminium a light silvery malleable and ductile metallic element aluminum alumium alveole a cell in a honeycomb alveolus alway always always ama a native maidservant or child's nurse, esp wet nurse amah amadavat the strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird, commonly caged and kept for fighting avadavat amarant a reddish-purple flower that never fades amaranth amatorian amatory 14 amatory amaut a hood on a woman's parka for carrying a child amowt amazement the state of being amazed mazement ambach a spongy wood, often used for rafts ambatch ambari a fibre-yielding plant of E. Indies, aka kenaf ambary ambassage an embassy embassage amber a translucent, usually yellow, fossil resin, used for ornaments etc. and easily lammer electrified by rubbing amberoid synthetic amber ambroid ambiance surroundings ambience amboina a reddish-brown, curly-grained Moluccan wood amboyna ambrosial consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia ambrosian ambsace a double ace, the lowest possible throw at dice amesace ameba a single-celled aquatic protozoan, characterized by a constantly changing shape amoeba ameban relating to an ameba amebean amebic amoebaean amoeban amoebic ameboid resembling an amoeba; changing in shape like an amoeba amoeboid ameer an Eastern ruler amir emeer emir ameerate the office of ameer, an Eastern ruler amirate emeerate emirate amianthus asbestos with silky fibres amiantus amid in the middle of; (noun) a compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid amide element or radical amidin the soluble matter in starch amidine amidship midway between the bow and stern of a ship amidships amin a compound derived from ammonia amine 15 amman in Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, a district magistrate amtman ammocete the larva of a lamprey ammocoete amok in a murderous rage; frenzied; (noun) a murderous rage amuck among in the midst of amongst emong emonges emongest emongst mongst amoove to stir up, to rouse amove meve mieve moove move ampersand the and sign & amperzand ampoule a small sealed glass container for a hypodermic dose ampule ampul a vessel for holy oil or wine for coronations or rituals ampulla ampullar resembling an ampulla ampullary amreeta a drink which bestows immortality in Hindu mythology amrita amtrac a military vehicle equipped to move on land and water amtrack amusable capable of being amused amuseable amygdale a filled, commonly almond-shaped, vesicle in rock amygdule amylogen one of the starch group of the carbohydrates; as, starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, amylose etc anaemia lack of red blood cells anemia anaemic deficient in red blood cells anemic anaglyph an ornament in low relief anaglyphy anagoge a spiritual, mystical, or allegorical interpretation of such works as the Bible anagogy analcime a white or flesh-red mineral of the zeolite family analcite analecta a collection of writings; literary gleanings analects analgesia the inability to feel pain analgia 16 analgesic relieving pain; (noun) an anodyne analgetic analog that which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing analogon analogue analyse to inquire into analyze analyser one who analyses analyzer anan in a moment! coming anon anana the pineapple plant ananas anapaest two short metrical syllables followed by one long one anapest anaphor the repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, anaphora clauses, sentences or verses especially for rhetorical effect anarchal lawless anarchial anata the belief that there is no such thing as a permanent self anatman anatta a bright orange colouring matter anatto annatta annatto arnatto arnotto ance once once yince anchoress a female anchorite, one who lives in seclusion, usually for religious reasons ancress anchoret one who lives in seclusion, usually for religious reasons anchorite anchylose of bones, to fuse or stiffen by ankylosis ankylose ancient very old; (noun) an old person antient ancle ankle ankle ancon the elbow ancone anconal of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow anconeal anconoid andesite a volcanic rock found in the Andes andesyte andiron an iron bar used to support the end of a log in a fire endiron andvile an anvil anvil 17 ane one one yin aneath beneath beneath neath unneath anelace a short two-edged dagger anlace anlas anenst about; concerning anent anergia the failure of the immune system; loss of energy anergy anerly only only anestrum a period of sexual inactivity between periods of oestrus anestrus anoestrum anoestrus anethol an aromatic ether which is the major constituent of certain oils, eg anise and anethole fennel aneurism dilatation of an artery; any abnormal enlargement aneurysm angakok an Inuit sorcerer angekkok angekok angaria the legal right of a belligerent to seize, use, or destroy the property of a angary neutral, provided that full compensation is made angelic of or like an angel angelical anginose pertaining to angina or angina pectoris anginous angklung a musical instrument of S. Asia, composed of bamboo tubes anklong anklung anglicist a person with a scholarly knowledge of the English language anglist anguiped of mythical giants etc., having feet or legs in the form of snakes anguipede angulose angular; having corners angulous anicut a dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the annicut flow of a system of irrigation anilin a product of coal-tar used in dyeing aniline animalian of or like an animal animalic animater one who, or that which, animates animator anime a tree resin 18 animi ankus a spiked elephant goad ankush ann the half-year's stipend payable to a minister's wife on his death annat anomie a condition of hopelessness caused or characterized by breakdown of rules of anomy conduct and loss of belief and sense of purpose anoopsia an upward squint anopia anopsia anorectic pertaining to anorexia; (noun) one suffering from anorexia anoretic anorexic anorexia want of appetite, without a loathing of food anorexy anosmatic relating to anosmia, lack or loss of sense of smell anosmic anourous having no tail anural anurous anow enough enough enow enuf anoxaemia a disorder of the blood anoxemia ansate having a handle or hand-like shape ansated antar a cave antre antefix an ornament at the end of a classical building, hiding the ends of roof tiles antefixa antetype something which a type or symbol represents antitype anthelix the curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix antihelix antic quaint; (verb) to act in a clownish manner antick anticke antique antique antigen any substance that stimulates the production of an antibody antigene antinuke opposed to the use of nuclear weapons or nuclear energy; (noun) a person opposed antinuker to the use of nuclear weapons or nuclear energy antitypal relating to an antitype, an object or person prefigured by the type or symbol antitypic any some; whichever, no matter which onie ony aortal relating to the aorta, the main artery into the heart aortic 19 aoudad a N. African wild sheep audad apanage a provision for maintenance, esp of a king's younger child appanage apay to satisfy; to repay appay apeak of an anchor, with the ship directly over it apeek apepsia failure or absence of digestive function apepsy aphoriser one who makes aphorisms aphorizer aplite a fine-grained, light-coloured igneous rock haplite apnea a cessation of breathing, esp in sleep apnoea apneal relating to apnoea, suspension of breathing, esp in sleep apneic apnoeal apnoeic apod an animal without feet or ventral fins apode apogaeic relating to an apogee, the outermost point in an orbit apogeal apogean apogeic apolog a beast fable, a moral tale apologue apostacy desertion from a religious or similar body apostasy apostil a marginal note apostille pothecary an apothecary poticary pottingar appal to horrify appall apparitor an officer in court who attends to execute orders paritor appendant attached, annexed; (noun) an adjunct, an appendage appendent apperil peril apperill appetence strong craving or powerful desire appetency appetiser something that whets the appetite appetizer applecart apple brandy, distilled from fermented apple juice applejack appriser one who apprises apprizer 20 apprising the sheriff's sentence directing property to be apprized apprizing appui support; (verb) to support militarily appuy apractic relating to apraxia, impaired ability to execute complex muscular movements apraxic aquafer an underground reservoir of water which can be extracted for surface use aquifer aquarial of or pertaining to an aquarium aquarian aquatint a print made by a method of etching having the effect of water-color drawing aquatinta ; (verb) to make an aquatint araba a heavy screened wagon used by Tatars and others arba aroba arabesk a movement in dancing; a curve arabesque arak a strong alcoholic drink made from toddy, or the fermented juice of the coco arrack and other palms araponga the campanero or S. American bell-bird arapunga arbalest a cross-bow with a mechanism for drawing the string arbalist arbelest arblast arbor a tree a bower or shady retreat, with sides and roof formed mainly by trees arbour and climbing plants arbute the strawberry-tree arbutus archaean any member of the archaea, an order of prokaryootic microorganisms archean archaeus the vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over archeus the growth and continuation of living beings archaic ancient archaical archaiser one who archaises archaizer archetype the original pattern or model from which copies are made architype archil a dye obtained from certain lichens orchel orchella orchil orchilla orseille archine an old Russian measure of length arsheen arshin arshine arcsec a unit of angle measurement, 1/3600 of a degree arcsecond 21 arcuate shaped like a bow arcuated ardor warmth, fervour ardour ardri a title given to the High King of Ireland ardrigh aread to counsel arede arreede arear backward, behind arere arenose sandy; containing much sand arenous areola a small circular area; spec. the area of pigmented skin surrounding a nipple areole areolar divided into small areas areolate areolated aret to entrust, commit arett arew in a row arow argal a hard crust (generally reddish) formed on the sides of wine-vessels argol argyle a silver gravy dish argyll arhythmia absence or irregularity of rhythm, esp of the pulse arythmia arietta a short aria ariette aril an additional envelope, often fleshy, developed around the seed in certain plants arillus (eg yew) arillate having an aril, a protective seed-coat arillated arish a stubble field arrish eadish eddish armiger an armour-bearer; a person entitled to bear heraldic arms armigero armonica a mouth-organ; also, an instrument composed of a soundbox and hanging strips harmonica of glass or metal, struck by a hammer armor armour armour armorer an armourer armourer armory heraldry armoury armozeen a thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical armozine aroint to drive or frighten away 22 aroynt arpen an old French land measure, slightly smaller than an acre arpent arquebus a portable long-barrelled gun harquebus arrester one who makes an arrest arrestor arrivance company arriving arrivancy arrogance the quality of being arrogant arrogancy arsehole an unpleasant and/or stupid person asshole arsenate a salt of arsenic acid arseniate arsey aggressive, irritable arsy arsonist one who commits arson arsonite artefact something made artifact arugola a Mediterranean plant used in salads arugula rucola rugola aruspex a person who inspected the entrails of sacrificial victims in order to foretell haruspex the future asbestic of or like asbestos asbestine asbestous asbestos a fine fibrous form of certain minerals asbestus ascarid any nematode worm of the parasitic genus Ascaris, infesting the small intestines ascaris ascaunt slantways across asconce askance askant ascendant rising; (noun) the part of the ecliptic just risen or about to rise above the ascendent horizon ascesis the practice of self-discipline askesis ascetic practising severe abstinence or austerity, esp for religious or spiritual reasons; ascetical (noun) one who practises asceticism ascitic of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical ascitical ashlar a squared or dressed stone used in building or facing a wall; (verb) to face with ashler ashlar ashram the dwelling of a Hindu religious philosopher asrama asp a venomous snake 23 aspick aspen a species of poplar, noted for its tremulous leaves aspine asperser one who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another aspersor asphalt a mixture of bituminous pitch with sand etc. used for surfacing paths, roads, asphaltum etc, aka asphaltum; (verb) to cover or lay (a road etc.) with asphalt asphyxia the condition of defective aeration of the blood caused by failure of the oxygen asphyxy supply aspic a clear savoury meat or fish-jelly used as a glaze aspis assagai a slender spear of hard wood tipped with iron; (verb) to kill or stab with this assegaai assegai assenter one who assents assentor asserter one who asserts or avers assertor assigner a person who transfers a right or asset under an assignment assignor assister an assistant; a helper assistor assuage to make less severe asswage assurance confidence, a feeling of certainty surance assurer one who assures, takes out assurance assuror astart to start up astert asthenia abnormal weakness, debility astheny astone to stun; to astonish astony astun astonish to fill with sudden wonder or surprise stonish astrachan a closely-curled black or grey fur from the fleece of karakul lambs astrakhan astringer a falconer who keeps a goshawk ostreger astrofell an unidentified bitter starlike plant, possibly aster astrophel asynergia lack of co-ordination, especially of muscles asynergy atabeg a Turkish ruler or high official atabek atabrin a bitter yellow powder, formerly used against malaria atabrine atebrin ataghan a Muslim long curved knife 24 yatagan yataghan ataman a chief of the Cossacks hetman atap the nipa palm attap ataractic able to calm or tranquillize; (noun) a tranquillizing drug ataraxic ataraxia tranquility; freedom from anxiety ataraxy ataxia the inability to co-ordinate muscles ataxy athenaeum a literary or scientific association atheneum athetosic showing symptoms of athetosis, nervous twitching of digits and extremities athetotic athleta an athlete athlete atma the individual soul atman atmolyse to separate mixed gases by their different rates of passage through a porous atmolyze septum atoc a species of skunk atok atokal without offspring atokous atomic of or pertaining to atoms atomical atomiser an instrument for discharging liquids in a fine spray atomizer atonable capable of being atoned for atoneable atonia muscular weakness, lack of muscle tone atony atresic relating to atresia, absence of, or closure of, a body passage atretic atrophia wasting away atrophy atropia an alkaloid found in deadly nightshade atropin atropine attar a fragrant essential oil made from the damask rose ottar otto attercop a spider ethercap ettercap attester one who attests attestor attollens of a muscle, that raises attollent 25 attonce at one, at once, together attone attones attracter one who attracts attractor attrahens attracting; (noun) that which attracts attrahent attrit to wear down esp enemy forces attrite atweel well, indeed aweel atween between between betwixt twixt atypic not typical atypical aubretia any of several dwarf trailing cruciferous plants of the genus Aubrieta, usually aubrieta bearing violet or purple flowers aubrietia aught anything oucht owt augmenter one who, or that which, augments augmentor auld old old olde aunt a father's or mother's sister, or an uncle's wife naunt auntie a familiar name for an aunt aunty aureola a glorifying halo aureole autacoid a hormone secreted into blood, lymph, or sap autocoid autecism the development of the entire life cycle of a parasite on a single host autoecism autogiro a rotating wing aircraft autogyro autolyse to break down tissue by the action of its own enzymes autolyze autopsia a post-mortem examination of a corpse autopsy auxiliar an auxiliary auxiliary ava an aromatic plant of the pepper family; a narcotic drink prepared from its root kava and stem kavakava availe to descend avale 26 avel a mourner esp during the first seven days after a death ovel avellan of a cross, having four arms shaped like filberts at the end avellane avenge to exact retribution for venge avengeful seeking to avenge vengeful avenger one that avenges venger aventail the movable front to a helmet aventaile ventail ventaile ventayle avertable capable of being averted avertible aviatress a female aviator aviatrice aviatrix avisandum a private consideration of a case by a judge avizandum avocet a wading bird with a long bill bent upwards towards the tip avoset avouterer an adulterer avoutrer awa away away awayes awakening the act of awakening wakening awato the so-called vegetable caterpillar of New Zealand aweto awhato awheto aweless wanting reverence; void of respectful fear awless awesome inspiring awe awsome awheel on wheels awheels ax an axe axe axal of the axis axial axile axeman one who wields an axe axman axilemma the membrane that encloses the axons of a nerve cell axolemma axon a nerve fibre 27 axone ay yes; (noun) an affirmative vote aye ayahuasca a S. American vine ayahuasco aygre eager eager eagre eger azotaemia a less common name for uraemia, the retention of waste materials normally excreted azotemia azure of a delicate blue; (noun) a delicate blue colour; the sky azurn azym unleavened bread; Passover cake azyme baaskaap the condition in which one section of the population is treated as the master baaskap race, esp the policy of domination of white people in S. Africa baasskap babalas drunk babbelas babbitry narrow-minded middle-class complacence babbittry babirusa a large hog-like quadruped of the East Indies babirussa bablah a species of acacia from which gum arabic is obtained babool babul baboo a native clerk who writes English; also, a Hindu title answering to Mr. or Esquire babu baboosh an Oriental heelless slipper babouche babuche pabouche baccara a French card game baccarat baccare back! Stand back! give place backare baccate having berries; berry-like baccated bacchiac relating to the bacchius, a type of metrical foot bacchian bacco tobacco baccy bacha in India, a young child bachcha bacillar of the shape or nature of a bacillus, rodlike bacillary bakhshish in Eastern countries, a gift or present of money, a tip; (verb) to give a tip baksheesh bakshish buckshish 28 backspeer to cross-question backspeir backward in a reverse direction backwards baclava a Middle Eastern dessert made of layers of filo pastry, honey, nuts, etc. baklava baklawa bacterial of or like bacteria; (noun) a bacterial substance bacterian badass touchy, difficult, intimidating; (noun) a touchy person badassed baddie a bad person baddy badmash a bad character; a worthless person budmash bael a thorny Indian tree bhel bagass dry residue, especially of sugar cane and beet after extraction of juice, and bagasse plants after removal of fibre bagel a hard, leavened, ring-shaped roll beigel baguet a long French loaf baguette bahada a broad, sloping depositional deposit caused by the coalescing of alluvial fans bajada baidarka an Alaskan Inuit kayak bidarka bidarkee bailer a person who bails goods to a bailee bailor bailie in Scotland, the title of a magistrate who presides in a burgh court baillie bainin a white, close-woven woollen material used for making jackets bawneen baith both both bajra in the Indian subcontinent, pearl millet or a similar grain bajree bajri baladin a (male) theatrical dancer balladin baladine a (female) theatrical dancer balladine baldachin a rich embroidered material, orig. woven with woof of silk and warp of gold thread baldaquin baudekin bawdkin baldie a bald-headed person baldy baldric an often ornamental belt worn over one shoulder to support a sword or bugle baldrick 29 baudric baudrick bawdric balection a moulding around a panel, projecting beyond the surface of the framing bilection bolection balista a Roman military engine in the form of a crossbow for projecting heavy missiles ballista balk to stop short, refuse a jump bauk baulk balky apt to balk; as, a balky horse baulky ballad a slow, sentimental song; a simple narrative poem in short stanzas; (verb) to compose ballant or sing ballads ballat ballocks testicles; (verb) to screw up bolix bollix bollocks bollox baloney deceptive talk, nonsense; Bologna sausage boloney baloo in India, a bear balu balthasar a large wine bottle containing 2.80 gallons balthazar bampot an idiot, fool barmpot banausian mechanical, utilitarian or routine, as opposed to inspiring or imaginative banausic bandana a coloured silk or cotton handkerchief or headscarf bandanna bandelier a shoulder belt for carrying ammunition bandoleer bandolier banderol a small banner or streamer banderole bandrol bannerall bannerol bandh in India, a general strike bundh bandobast an organisation bandobust bundobust bandoleon a kind of button accordion popular in S. America bandoneon bandonion bandook indian army slang for a rifle, a shotgun bundook 30 bandora an ancient lute bandore pandora pandore pandura bangsring a tree-shrew, an East Indian insectivorous mammal banxring bania an Indian fig tree with vast spreading branches; a Hindu trader banian banyan banister any of the upright pillars supporting the handrail of a staircase; the whole bannister structure of rail and uprights bankit a raised way or footway above a parapet banquette bannock a flat unleavened loaf of bread bonnock banoffee as in banoffee pie, a sweet pastry case filled with bananas and soft toffee or banoffi caramel and topped with cream bansela a gratuity bonsela bonsella pasela banshee in Irish folklore, a female spirit who wails and shrieks before the death of banshie a member of a family baptiser one who baptises baptizer baracan a coarsely woven fabric of wool, silk, and goat's hair barracan barbate barbed, bearded barbated barbecue a framework for cooking food over an open fire; (verb) to cook on a barbecue barbeque barbie a barbecue barby barchan a crescent-shaped dune barchane barkan barkhan barefit barefoot barefoot baresark a Norse warrior who fought without armour, or shirt of mail berserk berserker barful full of obstructions barrefull bargander the shelduck bergander bargest a dog-like goblin portending death barghest barguest barite a native sulphate of barium 31 baryte baritone a male singing voice baryton barytone barmbrack a currant bun barnbrack barmie foamy; dotty barmy barocco a bold, vigorous, exuberant artistic style barock baroque baroness the wife of a baron baronne barranca a ravine caused by heavy rains or a watercourse barranco barrater one that persistently instigates lawsuits barrator barretor barratry the practice of stirring up groundless lawsuits barretry bartisan a small overhanging turret projecting from an angle on the top of a tower bartizan bascinet a light, conical helmet basinet basnet baseej in Iran, volunteer vigilantes who enforce strict Islamic behaviour and dress basij code, esp on women basen a basin basin bason bashlik a Russian hood with long ends bashlyk basilar relating to, or situated at, the base, esp of the skull basilary basilical of, relating to, or resembling, a basilica basilican basophil of white blood cells, having an affinity for basic stains; (noun) a basophil cell basophile basset to outcrop bassett bastardry the state of being a bastard bastardy basti in India, a flimsy hut, a squatter colony bustee busti bastile a tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified bastille place bate to abate, to lessen bayt bateau a boat; esp a flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian lakes and rivers batteau 32 bathe to wash beath batholite a mass of igneous rock that has risen from a great depth batholith bathylite bathylith batik an Indonesian method of producing designs on cloth; (verb) to produce such designs battik batler a small bat used for beating clothes batlet baton a short rod; (verb) to strike with a baton batoon battill to make fertile battle battleax a kind of axe once used in battle; a domineering, usually older woman battleaxe baubee a halfpenny bawbee bauble a trinket bawble baur a joke, amusing incident bawr bausond of animals, having white spots on the forehead bawsunt bauxite a clay-like compound which is the main ore of aluminium beauxite bawtie a kind of dog bawty bayadeer a fabric with horizontal stripes in strongly contrasting colours bayadere bazaar an Eastern market-place bazar bazazz panache, flamboyance bazzazz bezzazz pazazz pizazz pizzaz bazouki a Greek long-necked lute with 3 or 4 double courses of metal strings bousouki bouzouki buzuki beadhouse a chapel bedehouse beadle a minor parish official whose duties include ushering and preserving order bederal bedral beadman a monk or almoner who prays for a benefactor beadsman bedeman bedesman 33 beak a bird's bill becke beanie a small close-fitting hat beany beaufet a sideboard, cupboard beauffet beaufin a variety of red cooking apple biffin bedawin a tent-dwelling nomadic Arab bedouin bedu beduin bedel a minor parish official whose duties include ushering and preserving order bedell bedide bedyed bedyde bedrid confined to bed bedridden bedright the privilege or due of the marriage bed bedrite bedsit a basic form of rented accommodation bedsitter bedward towards bed bedwards beedi a hand rolled cigarette beedie bidi beegah a land measure in India bigha beesome supposedly for bisson, blind bisson beesting as in beesting lips, pouting or sensuous lips beestung beestings the first milk drawn from a cow after calving, aka colostrum or foremilk biestings befana an Epiphany gift beffana beghard in Flanders, a man living a monastic life without vows and with power to return beguin to the world beglamor to impress with glamour beglamour begorah an interjection attributed to Irish speakers, by God begorra begorrah begrim to soil with grime begrime beguile to deceive guile guyle behavior behaviour behaviour 34 behight to vow, to promise behote behoove to be fit, be right for behove beigne a fritter, a deep-fried ball of choux pastry beignet bein well off, comfortable bien bejabbers an interjection attributed to Irish speakers bejabers bejeebers bejeezus a mild oath bejesus belabor to buffet, beat belabour beldam an old woman, esp an ugly one; a hag beldame belive with speed, immediately blive bylive bellboy a page-boy in a hotel or club bellhop bellibone a woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid bonibell bonnibell bema a synagogue platform bima bimah bemad to make mad bemadden bembex a kind of sand-wasp bembix benedick a newly married husband, especially one formerly a confirmed bachelor benedict beni the sesame plant benne benni benight to overtake with night benighten benj cannabis, Indian hemp, used as a weak narcotic bhang benthal living on the sea bottom benthic benthoal benthonic benthon the flora and fauna of the ocean floor benthos bento a thin lightweight compartmented box containing a Japanese meal obento benzidin a base used in preparing azo-dyes benzidine 35 benzin a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by the distillation of petroleum benzine benzol crude benzene, used as a motor-spirit benzole berberin an alkaloid obtained from barberry roots berberine berdache an American Indian transvestite, adopting the dress, status and role of the opposite berdash sex beret a round close-fitting brimless cap of soft wool material or felt berret beretta a square cap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics berretta biretta birretta bergamask a rustic dance bergomask berk a fool burk berlin a four-wheeled covered carriage berline berm a narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch; (verb) to berme create a berm bertha a woman's deep lace collar to hide a low neckline berthe beslobber to slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth beslubber besonian a beggar bezonian bestad set about with, beset by bestadde bestrew to strew, scatter bestrow beteem to grant, vouchsafe beteeme beveler one who bevels beveller bever a beaver, face-armour bevor bevvy an alcoholic drink; (verb) to engage in a drinking session bevy beylic the territory ruled by a bey beylik bezant a gold coin first struck at Byzantium or Constantinople; in heraldry, a charge bezzant like this, a gold roundel byzant bezazz panache, flamboyance bizazz pazzazz pizzazz pzazz bezel the oblique side or face of a cut gem 36 bezil bhagee in Indian cookery, an appetizer consisting of vegetables cooked in batter bhajee bhaji bhakta devotion to a god, as a path to salvation; a form of yoga bhakti bharal a Himalayan blue sheep burhel burrel burrell burrhel bhavan in India, a large house or building bhawan bheestie an Indian water-carrier bheesty bhishti bhistee bhisti bhistie bhikhu a fully ordained Buddhist monk bhikkhuni bhoona a dish sautéed in oil and a mix of spices bhuna bhoot a small whirlwind bhut biacetyl a chemical flavour enhancer diacetyl biach a bitch biatch bitch biali an onion roll bialy biaxal having two axes biaxial bibasic of acids, having two replaceable hydrogen atoms dibasic biccy biscuit bickie bikkie bichir any of various primitive African freshwater fishes of the genus Polypterus birchir bicolor having two colours; (noun) something having two colours bicolour bicorn two-horned, two-cornered; (noun) a hat with two points, eg as worn by Napoleon bicorne bide to wait, dwell byde biform having two forms biformed biftah a cannabis cigarette bifter 37 biggety conceited biggity biggie a biggish thing biggy biggin a building bigging bijugate having heads on both sides of a coin bijugous bijwoner the sub-tenant of a farm; an agricultural labourer bywoner bilander a two-masted cargo vessel used in Holland bylander bilberry a whortleberry shrub; its dark-blue edible berry blaeberry bilbo a rapier or sword bilboa bilimbi an E. Indian tree of the wood-sorrel family; its sour green fruit, used in chutneys bilimbing blimbing billie a metal camp pot billy billycan billyo as in 'like billyo' billyoh bilobar having two lobes bilobate bilobated bilobed bimanal relating to Bimana, two-handed animals, an obsolete name for mankind bimanous binnacle a case in which a ship's compass is kept bittacle bio biography biog bioblast a tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having formative power, bioplast as a living white blood corpuscle biophor weismann's hypothetical unit of living matter biophore biopsic relating to a biopsy bioptic biotic relating to living organisms biotical biphenyl a hydrocarbon consisting of two phenyl groups, used as a fungicide and in dye- manufacture diphenyl biramose forked; with two branches biramous birch a hardy forest-tree, with smooth white bark and very durable wood; (verb) to flog birk birchen made of birch wood birken 38 biriani a spicy rice dish biriyani biryani bird a member of the Aves, a class of warm-blooded, egg-laying, feathered vertebrates burd with forelimbs modified into wings; (verb) to catch or snare birds birl to carouse birle byrl biscacha a gregarious burrowing S. American rodent related to the chinchilla bizcacha viscacha vizcacha bisk a kind of rich thick soup bisque bisnaga a type of cactus biznaga bister a pigment with brownish colour derived from soot bistre bitable that can be bitten biteable bittern any of several marsh birds of the heron family bittor bittour bittur bivalence the state of being bivalent, having a valency of two bivalency bivalent having two units of combining power; (noun) a bivalent element divalent blamable deserving of blame blameable blatant obvious blattant blather to talk loquacious nonsense blether blither blaubok the blue buck bloubok bluebuck blaw to blow blow blawort the harebell; the corn bluebottle blewart blay a small fish, aka bleak or ablet bley blesbok a S. African antelope, having a large white spot on the forehead blesbuck blimey an interjection expressing surprise and annoyance blimy blin a small buckwheat pancake (verb, Spenser) to cease from, stop blini blintz 39 blintze blokeish affecting a masculine style blokish blood the oxygenating fluid (red in the higher animals) circulating in the body; (verb) blude to stain with blood (the fluid circulated by the heart) bluid bloody like blood; (verb) to make bloody bludie bludy bluidy blooey out of order blooie bloom a flower; (verb) to bear flowers bloosme blousy coarse and ruddy-faced blowsy blowzy blowgun a long straight tube from which an arrow, pellet, etc is blown by the breath blowpipe blowtube blowse a ruddy, fat-faced woman; a wench blowze blowsed blowsy, red-faced blowzed blueing the process of imparting blue colour to a metal bluing blueish somewhat blue bluish boak to belch, vomit bock boke board a long and wide, comparatively thin, strip of timber; (verb) to enter a ship, train boord etc boorde bord borde boart diamond dust or fragments bort bortz boatel a waterside hotel, catering esp for boat-owners botel boatman one who operates a boat boatsman boatswain a ship's officer in charge of equipment and maintenance bosun boba a contagious skin disease resembling syphilis, aka yaws buba bobac a species of marmot bobak bocce an Italian bowling game bocci 40 boccia boccie boche a German, esp a German soldier bosche boddle a 17th century Scots copper coin bodle boerbul a crossbred mastiff used esp as a watchdog boerbull boffo a hearty laugh boffola bogey a goblin, a bugbear, an object of special dread; (verb) in golf, to complete a hole bogeyman in one above par bogy bogyman boogerman boogeyman boogieman boogyman bogeyism the creation of bugbears bogyism boggard a spectre or goblin boggart bogle bogong a noctuid moth eaten by Australian aborigines bugong boing the sound of a bouncing impact; (verb) to make a bouncing sound boink bola a S. American missile, consisting of two or more balls tied together bolas bolletrie a West Indian saponaceous tree bulletrie bolshie a left-wing person; an obstreperous person bolshy bolter a sieve, a machine for separating bran from flour boulter bombasine a twilled silk and worsted fabric bombazine bombilate to buzz, drone bombinate bonassus the aurochs or European bison bonasus bondman a male slave or serf bondsman boney like bone bony bonhomie good nature; pleasant and easy manner bonhommie bonie bonny bonnie bonny bonita a large fish of the mackerel family 41 bonito bonspell a curling match between clubs bonspiel bonza very good bonzer booai a remote rural place booay boohai boocoo much or many bookoo boogey to dance to rock music boogie boogy book a collection of sheets of paper, etc, bound or otherwise fastened together > buik vb to reserve in advance buke booksie by way of being literary booksy booky bool a bowl; (verb) to play bowls bowl boomkin a spar projecting from the stern of a ship bumkin bumpkin boorka an Arab woman's head-covering bourkha burka burkha burqa boortree the elder tree bountree bourtree boose to drink immoderately booze bowse bootee a woman's short lined boot; an infant's boot of wool etc bootie boozey inclined to booze, drunken boozy bebopper one who plays bebop, a kind of jazz music bopper bordel a brothel bordello borel rustic, clownish borrel borrell borsch cold beetroot soup borscht borshch borsht bortsch 42 borstal an establishment for the detention of young adult delinquents borstall bosbok a kind of antelope, the bush-buck boschbok boshbok boscage thick foliage; woodland boskage boschvark another name for the bushpig, an African wild pig boshvark boschveld veld made up largely of woodland bushveld boshta very good boshter bosker bosk a bush, a thicket bosket bosque bosquet busket bot the maggot of a botfly; (verb) to cadge bott botaniser one who botanises botanizer botargo a relish made of mullet or tunny roe bottarga bothie a hut, cabin bothy botone having knobs or buttons at the extremity, applied to a cross botonee botonnee bottony botulin a powerful bacterial toxin botulinum botulinus boubou a long flowing garment worn by men and women in Mali bubu bouge to budge budge bouget a budget, a sack budget boughpot a pot for boughs as an ornament bowpot boulle a form of marquetry with eg gold and silver inlaid in tortoiseshell buhl buhlwork boun to prepare oneself bowne bourgeon to sprout; to put forth bud burgeon bourlaw a local law dealing with local customs and civil disputes byrlaw 43 bowat a lantern bowet buat bowsey a mean person bowsie boyar a member of the old Russian aristocracy, abolished by Peter the Great boyard boychick boy, a term of endearment boychik braata a small portion added to a purchase of food by a vendor to encourage the person braatas to return broughta brabble a squabble; (verb) to squabble prabble pribble brach a female hunting hound brachet bratchet brachah a blessing brocho braciola a thin slice of meat braciole bracteole a small leaf on the axis of a flower bractlet bradoon a light military bridle bridoon brahman a member of the highest Hindu class brahmin braid broad; (noun) a plait, esp of hair; (verb) to form into a braid brede brailler one who uses braille braillist braird the first shoots of corn or other crops; (verb) of crops, to appear above the ground breer branch a shoot or arm-like limb of a tree; (verb) to form branches braunch branle an old French dance or dance-tune bransle brantle brasier a worker in brass brazier braziery brasilein a dyestuff obtained from brazil-wood brasilin brazilein brazilin brassard a piece of armour for the upper arm brassart brasset brattice a wooden tower used in mediaeval siege operations; (verb) to provide with a brattice brattish 44 bretasche bretesse brettice brawl an unruly punch-up; (verb) to fight prawle brawlie very well brawly breare brier brere briar brier breaskit the breast of an animal, viewed as meat brisket breast the front of the human body between the neck and the belly; (verb) to confront boldly breest breist brecham a horse-collar brechan bredren a close male friend bredrin bree the liquor in which anything has been boiled brie breeches a garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs breeks britches breem fierce, keen breme breenge a lunge forward; (verb) to lunge forward breinge bregmate relating to the bregma, the point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures bregmatic of the skull brei to speak with uvular r, especially in Afrikaans brey bren to burn brenne burn brevis broth brewis brewer one that brews brewster briared full of briars briered briarroot the root of a briar brierroot briarwood the wood of a briar stem brierwood bribable capable of being bribed bribeable bricht bright bright brideman a male equivalent of a bridesmaid 45 bridesman briary full of briars briery brimful full to the brim brimfull brinded marked with streaks or spots brindled briony a wild climbing plant of the gourd family bryony briquet a brick-shaped block made of compressed coal-dust; (verb) to form into briquettes briquette bris a Jewish circumcision rite briss brith brisk quick of movement; (verb) to make or become brisk brisky brit a young herring, sprat or other fish britt britannia an alloy of tin and antimony with a low melting point brittania britschka an open four-wheeled carriage with a folding top britska britzka britzska broadax an ancient military weapon; a battle-ax broadaxe brocage the business or employment of a broker brokage brokerage brokery broccoli a plant of the cabbage species, resembling the cauliflower brocoli broch a dry-built circular tower of the late Iron Age brogh brough brocked variegated, esp black and white brockit brodekin a buskin or half-boot brodkin brogan a strong and tough working shoe brogue brogueish having a slight brogue broguish broider to embroider embroider broke to bargain, negotiate broker bromelain an enzyme obtained from the juice of the pineapple plant, used medically and bromelin in skin-care products bromelia any plant of the genus Bromelia, that includes pineapples bromeliad 46 bromid a salt of hydrobromic acid bromide bromin a non-metallic chlorine-like element found in seawater and mineral springs bromine brominism poisoning by an overdose of bromine bromism brommer a bluebottle brummer bronc a wild horse bronco broo unemployment benefit; the office at which people receive it buroo broose a race at a wedding brouze brouhaha a fuss, clamour bruhaha brr an interjection expressing a feeling of cold brrr brucin an alkaloid obtained from nux vomica brucine bruilzie a broil, a noisy disturbance brulyie brulzie brusk brusque brusque brust to burst burst buaze an African shrub bwazi bubal a member of the Bubalis genus of antelopes, that includes the hartebeest bubale bubalis bubkes a very small amount bubkis bupkes bupkis bupkus buccaneer a pirate, orig of the Spanish-American coasts; an unscrupulous adventurer; (verb) buccanier to act as a buccaneer buchu a rutaceous shrub with leaves of medicinal value bucku buckaroo a cowboy buckayro buckeroo bucksom buxom buxom budgero a heavy keelless barge budgerow budgeteer one who prepares a budget budgeter buftie a homosexual 47 bufty buggan an evil spirit, a hobgoblin buggane buggin bugsha a monetary unit of Yemen buqsha buhr a cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones buhrstone burrstone burstone bukshee a paymaster bukshi bulbel a separable bulb formed on some flowering plants bulbil bulghur a form of cooked, broken wheat bulgur burghul bulgine a steam locomotive bullgine bulimia an eating disorder in which binge eating is followed by depression and guilt, bulimus self-induced vomiting and purging, etc bulimy bulimiac relating to bulimia bulimic bullate blistered, puckered, bubble-like bullous bullrush an aquatic plant, reed-mace bulrush bullwaddy a N. Australian tree bulwaddee bulwaddy bumalo a small marine Asiatic fish used in India as a relish; aka Bombay duck bumaloti bummalo bummaloti bumf toilet paper; also, worthless paperwork, literature, or junk mail bumph bun a kind of sweet roll or cake bunn bunco a confidence trick; (verb) to practice such a trick bunko buncombe insincere or foolish talk, nonsense bunkum bungee a tension device using springs bungey bungie bungy bunje bunjee bunjie bunjy 48 bunia an (Indian) corn-merchant bunnia bonnet a woman's head-covering, tied on by ribbons, etc; (verb) to put a bonnet on bunnet buoyance the tendency to float buoyancy buppie a black urban professional buppy bur a continual humming sound; (verb) to speak with a bur burr bura a violent blizzard blowing from the NE in Siberia and central Asia buran burden a heavy load; (verb) to load heavily burthen buret an apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the burette quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged burganet a visored helmet that can be fitted or attached to the gorget or neck-piece burgonet burgoo a kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen burgout burlesk a ludicrous imitation burlesque burleycue burnoose a cape with a hood worn by Arabs burnous burnouse burnoosed wearing a burnoose, a cape with a hood worn by Arabs burnoused busheler one who bushels, mends or alters clothes busheller bushelman bushie someone who lives in the bush bushy bushwa nonsense bushwah busing the transport of children by bus bussing butene any one of three metameric hydrocarbons of the ethylene series butylene butle to act as a butler buttle buttinski a person given to butting in, a troublesome meddler buttinsky butty a chum, comrade esp in a coalmine buttyman byelaw the law of a local authority or private corporation bylaw byrlady a mediaeval oath, by our Lady byrlakin cabala a mystical tradition of Jewish rabbis cabbala 49 cabbalah kabala kabbala kabbalah qabala qabalah cabalism the secret science of the cabalists cabbalism kabalism kabbalism qabalism cabalist one who practises cabalism kabalist qabalist caballero a Spanish gentleman; a horseman cavalero cabbagey like a cabbage cabbagy cabbie a cab-driver cabby caber a heavy wooden heaving pole kabar kebar cabestro a lasso cabresta cabresto cabezon a California fish, allied to the sculpin cabezone cabob small pieces of cooked meat on a skewer; (verb) to cook like this kabab kabob kebab kebob caboc a double cream cheese rolled in oatmeal kebbock kebbuck caboched full face with no neck showing caboshed cabrie a pronghorn antelope cabrit caca excrement cack kack kak cacafogo a spitfire, a blusterer cacafuego cachalot a sperm whale cacholot cachectic relating to cachexy, severe wasting of the body cachexic cachexia a condition of weakness and wasting due to severe chronic illness 50 cachexy cacique a West Indian or American Indian chief cazique cacodyl a colourless, poisonous, foul-smelling liquid, composed of arsenic, carbon and kakodyl hydrogen cacomixl a N. American carnivore, about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons cacomixle cadaga an Australian eucalyptus with smooth green bark cadagi cadaster an official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose cadastre of apportioning the taxes payable on such property caddice worsted ribbon or braid caddis caddyss caddie a golfer's assistant for carrying clubs etc caddy cadee cadie cadgy brisk, cheerful kedge kedgy kidge kidgie cadi a civil judge in a Muslim country caid kadi kaid qadi qaid caecal pertaining to the caecum, a part of the intestine cecal caecitis inflammation of the caecum cecitis caecum any structure that ends in a bag or sac cecum caerule blue, cerulean cerule cerulean caerulean sky-blue; dark blue; sea-green ceruleous caesarean relating to a birth by caesarean section; (noun) an operation to deliver a baby by caesarian cutting through the walls of the abdomen cesarean cesarian caese enough said ceas sese sesey sessa caesious bluish or greyish green cesious 51 caesium a metallic element cesium caestus a girdle in classical mythology, esp that of Aphrodite cestos cestus caesura a pause in a poem or a song cesura caesural relating to a caesura, a pause in a poem or a song caesuric cesural caffein an alkaloid that occurs naturally in coffee and tea caffeine caffila a caravan, caravan-train cafila kafila caftan a kind of tunic kaftan cagey cautious cagy cageyness the quality of being cagey caginess cagyness cagoul a lightweight, weatherproof anorak cagoule kagool kagoul kagoule caillach an old woman cailleach cailliach caimac a Turkish governor caimacam kaimakam qaimaqam caiman the S. American alligator cayman cain a tenanted farm rent paid in kind kain kane cairn a mound of stone set up as a memorial carn karn caitiff mean, base; (noun) a mean, despicable person caitive captive cajaput a volatile oil, distilled from the leaves of an E. Indian tree cajeput cajuput kajeput cakey with the consistency of cake caky 52 calaloo a soup made with greens, onions and crabmeat calalu callaloo calamar any of various species of squid calamari calamary calamata an aubergine-coloured Greek olive kalamata calash a light low-wheeled carriage with folding top caleche calesa calathos a vase-shaped Ancient Greek basket, carried on the head calathus calavance a kind of pulse caravance calcaneal pertaining to the calcaneum, one of the bones of the tarsus calcanean calcaneum one of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel calcaneus calcimine a kind of whitewash or colour wash for walls; (verb) to whitewash with this kalsomine calctufa a rock made of fine volcanic detritus toph tophe tufa calctuff a general term for all consolidated pyroclastic rock tuff calculary of or pertaining to calculi, stone-like concretions that form in certain vessels calculose of the body calculous caldron a large kettle for boiling or heating liquids caudron cauldron calendar an almanac or table of months, days, and seasons; (verb) to register or enter in kalendar a calendar calends the first day of the ancient Roman month from which days were counted backwards kalends to the Ides caliber the diameter of a bullet or shell calibre calibered having a given caliber calibred calicle a row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside calycle calycule calif an Eastern ruler caliph kalif kaliph khalif califate the office of caliph caliphate 53 khalifat khalifate khilafat calipee a part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell, aka plastron callipee calk a pointed piece on a horseshoe to prevent slipping; (verb) to provide with a calk calker calkin cawker callan a boy; a fellow callant calmstane a white argillaceous stone used for whitening doorsteps calmstone camstane camstone caumstane caumstone calorie the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Centigrade in calory temperature calotype a method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of kalotype silver, aka talbotype calpa one of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years kalpa calpac a triangular Turkish or Tatar felt cap calpack kalpac kalpak calthrop a device with four metal points so arranged so that one points upward as a hazard caltrap caltrop calvaria the upper part of the skull enclosing the brain in vertebrates calvarium calvarial relating to the calvarium, the upper skull calvarian calycate of or pertaining to a cup or calyx calyceal calycinal calycine calypter a hood or hoodlike structure, esp that covering the spore capsule of mosses and calyptera liverworts calyptra camaron a kind of freshwater crustacean similar to a crayfish maron camas a blue-flowered liliaceous plant of northwestern America camash camass quamash cambism the science of financial exchange cambistry camboge a gum resin obtained from the sap of trees of the genus Garcinia, used as a yellow cambogia pigment and as a cathartic 54 gamboge cambrel the joint in the upper part of a horse's hind leg, the hock gambrel cameleon a small African lizard with a prehensile tail and tongue chameleon camelia a showy flower camellia camelot a strong waterproof silk or wool fabric camlet chamelot chamlet cameral chambered, vaulted camerated camese a loose shirt or tunic, as worn by Arabs camisa camisia kamis camis a light, loose dress or robe camus camomile a creeping aromatic plant of the composite family, with yellow-centred white-rayed chamomile flowers, formerly much grown for its fragrance camphire an old spelling of camphor camphor campong a Malay village kampong camsho crooked or deformed camshoch camstairy perverse, unruly camsteary canakin a small can or drinking vessel canikin cannikin canceleer the turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim cancelier in the stoop; (verb) to make such a turn canceler one who cancels canceller candie a S. Indian weight, approximately 500 lb Imperial candy kandy candor whiteness; brightness; (fig.) unsullied purity; innocence candour caneh a Hebrew measure of 6 cubits kaneh canephor a sculpted figure carrying a basket on the head canephora canephore cang a wooden collar used to punish criminals in China cangue canister a small container, usually of metal, used for tea, shot, etc; (verb) to put in a cannister canister cann to direct the steering of 55 conn cannie shrewd, cunning canny cannoneer a soldier who managed and fired a cannon cannonier cannula a narrow tube, esp one for removing fluid from bodily cavities canula cannular like a cannula, hollow or tube-shaped canular cannulate to insert a cannula into canulate canonic included in the scriptural canon; relating to any (sets of) sacred books regarded canonical as authentic canoniser one who canonises canonizer cant affectedly moral or religious; (noun) the speech of a particular group; (verb) to kant tilt, slope cantar a Turkish unit of weight equal to approximately 100 pounds kantar cantdog a metal hook on a long handle canthook cantharid a beetle with an elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, aka Spanish cantharis fly cantico to dance as an act of worship canticoy kantikoy cantraip a charm; an incantation cantrap cantrip cantred a district comprising a hundred villages, as in Wales cantref canvaser one who goes from door to door raising votes canvasser canzona a song resembling a madrigal but less strict canzone capelan a small marine fish of northern oceans capelin caplin capeline a small iron skullcap worn by archers capelline caph the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet kaf kaph khaf khaph capitayn a captain captain caple a horse capul capocchia a simpleton chipochia 56 capoeira a martial art and dance combination capuera caponier a work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the enemy, or to serve caponiere as a covered passageway capouch a cloak hood capuccio capuche capric applied to a type of fatty acid, having a goatlike smell caproic caprylic caprifoil honeysuckle caprifole capsomer a protein forming a capsid capsomere capsular of or pertaining to a capsule capsulary captaincy the rank or condition of a captain captainry carabin a rifle with a relatively short barrel carabine carbine carbineer a soldier armed with a carbine carbinier carabiner a steel link with a clip on side used in mountaineering karabiner carack a large ship of burden carrack carract carrect caracol a half turn by a trained horse; a caper; (verb) to make such turn caracole caracul a sheep of Central Asia; the curled black fleece of its lambs karakul carageen a kind of dark red, branched seaweed, aka Irish moss carrageen carambole a cannon in billiards; (verb) to make a cannon in billiards carom carrom caramel a dark brown substance produced by heating sugar; (verb) to coat with caramel caromel carangid any spiny-finned marine fish of the genus Caranx, that includes scads, jacks etc carangoid caranna a resinous substance yielded by various S. American trees carauna carapace the shell of an animal such as a turtle or armadillo carapax carassow a quail-like bird of Curacao curassow carat a unit of weight used for gems carrat caravel a small light fast ship, chiefly Spanish or Portuguese, of the 15th to the 17th 57 caravelle cents carvel caraway an umbelliferous plant with aromatic seeds used as a tonic and condiment carraway carbamate a salt or ester of carbamic acid, esp as used as a pesticide carbaryl carbamoyl a radical derived from carbamic acid carbamyl carbonade flesh, fowl, etc, cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop carbonado carburate to combine with carbon carburet carcase the framework of anything; (verb) to put a carcase or frame on carcass cardamom a spice consisting of or made from the seed capsules of various Indo-Malayan cardamon plants cardamum cardecu an old French silver coin cardecue cardi cardigan cardie cardy career progress through life; (verb) to go at full speed cariere carfax a junction where four or more roads converge, esp in the middle of a town carfox carfuffle a commotion; (verb) to make a commotion cuffuffle curfuffle gefuffle kefuffle kerfuffle kurfuffle cariacou an American deer, aka white-tailed deer carjacou cariama a large S. American bird related to the cranes seriema carinate shaped like the prow or keel of a ship carinated cariole a small open carriage carriole cariose of or pertaining to dental cavities; decayed carious carl a rude, rustic man; a churl carle carlot carlin an old woman, a witch carline carnahuba a Brazilian palm tree yielding a fine yellowish wax carnauba carnelian a dull red or reddish-white kind of chalcedony 58 cornelian carneous fleshy; of or like flesh carnose caroach a stately carriage used on ceremonial occasions caroch caroche carroch caroler one who sings carols caroller carotene any of a number of reddish-yellow pigments widely distributed in plants that carotin are converted to vitamin A in the body carrotin carousel a merry-go-round; a circular magazine for a slide projector carrousel carrel a desk or alcove in a library for private study carrell carsey a lavatory karsey karsy karzy kazi khazi carta a charter charta cartouch in Egyptian inscriptions, a circle with a horizontal bar at the bottom, elongated cartouche into an oval within which king's names are written carve to form by cutting kerve caryotin a readily stained substance in the nucleus of a cell made up of DNA, RNA and karyotin proteins, aka chromatin casaba a kind of melon cassaba casava a tropical plant whose roots yield a valuable starch cassava casbah a castle or fortress in a N. African town kasbah cascabel the part behind the base-ring of a cannon cascable casern a barrack or billet for soldiers caserne casette a plastic case containing a reel of magnetic tape, often with pre-recorded material cassette on it cashmere a soft twilled fabric made of fine goat's wool kashmir cashoo a dry, brown, astringent extract obtained from the Acacia catechu catechu cutch kutch casimere a twilled cloth of the finest wool casimire cassimere 59 cassena an American evergreen tree cassene cassina cassine cast to throw with force kest castellan the governor of castle or fortification chatelain castock a cabbage stock custock castoff an item of clothing one no longer wishes to wear, and passes on to another offcast castrater a device used in castration castrator catabolic relating to catabolism, destructive chemical processes in living creatures katabolic catalo a cross between domestic cattle and N. American bison cattalo catalog a systematic list of names, books, pictures, etc; (verb) to make a list catalogue catelog catalyse to speed up a chemical reaction by use of a substance which itself remains unaltered catalyze catalyser an agent that catalyzes catalyzer catch to capture after pursuit catchen catched caught catcht catchpole a sheriff's officer who made arrests for failure to pay a debt catchpoll catchup a smooth, thick sauce made from tomatoes, mushrooms etc catsup ketchup catface a deformity of fruit catfacing catharsis a natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the mouth, bowels, etc katharsis cathodal relating to a cathode cathodic cathode the positive terminal of a battery kathode catholyte the part of the electrode that surrounds the cathode in an electrolytic cell catolyte cation an atom that has a positive electrical charge kation catlin a type of surgical knife catling catmint a mint-like plant attractive to cats catnep catnip 60 catnaper one that steals cats, usually to sell them for research catnapper cattie a unit of measure used in S.E. Asia kati katti caudate having a tail; (noun) a creature with a tail caudated cauf a coal-miner's basket corf cauk an opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar cawk cauker a big lie caulker cauld cold; (noun) cold cold caulinary belonging to or growing from a stem cauline cause to bring about causen causey a causeway corsey cavalla an American fish of the scad family cavally cavass an armed attendant in Turkey kavass cavel a piece of wood used in casting lots kevel kevil caviar salted roe of sturgeon caviare caviarie cavier cavie a hen-coop or cage keavie caviler one who cavils caviller caw the cry of a crow; (verb) to cry as a crow kaw cebadilla a liliaceous plant, yielding the alkaloid veratrine cevadilla sabadilla cebid one of a family of monkeys, the capuchins ceboid ceil to provide with a ceiling ciel ceili an informal gathering with music, dancing etc ceilidh ceiling the inner upper surface of a room seeling celestine native strontium sulphate, so named from its occasional delicate blue color celestite 61 celiac relating to the abdomen; (noun) a person suffering from coeliac disease, a condition coeliac of the intestines in which a sensitivity to gluten prevents the proper absorption of nutrients cellarer a monastery official in charge of provisions cellarist celom a fluid-filled cavity within the body of an animal coelom coelome celomic of or like a celom, a fluid-filled cavity within the body of an animal coelomic cemitare a kind oc curved sword scimetar scimitar scimiter semitar semitaur simitar symitar symitare cenacle a supper or guest room coenacle cenobite a monk who lives in a community coenobite censorial pertaining to a censor, or to the correction of public morals censorian centare a measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square meter centiare center centre; (verb) to centre centre centry centering the framework on which an arch is supported during its construction centreing centring centinel a sentinel or sentry centinell centonel centonell sentinel centoist one who composes centos, poems manufactured by putting together passages of other centonist poems centric placed in the center or middle; central centrical ceorl in Anglo-Saxon England, a freeman of the lowest rank churl cep a kind of edible mushroom cepe cephalic of or pertaining to the head; (noun) a medicine for ailments of the head kephalic cephalin a compound of phosphorus found in the brain and nervous tissue kephalin ceramal a strong alloy of a metal with a heat-resisting compound, especially used for 62 cermet turbine blades and similar objects ceramic made of pottery; (noun) an article made of pottery keramic ceramics pottery; the art of making pots keramics ceratin a nitrogenous compound, the constituent of horny tissue keratin ceratitis inflammation of the cornea keratitis ceratoid resembling horn or keratin keratoid cerberean of, pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus, a watchdog cerberian cercarial relating to a cercaria, the larval form of a trematode worm cercarian ceresin a kind of hard, whitish wax prepared from ozokerite and used as a substitute ceresine for beeswax cerge a large wax candle burned before the altar cierge ceriph a decorative stroke at the foot of a letter serif seriph ceroon a crate or hamper; a bale wrapped in hide seron seroon certie as in by my certie, Scots for assuredly certy cerusite native lead carbonate cerussite cervelas a type of French sausage, seasoned with garlic cervelat cess a tax, a local rate; (verb) to impose a tax sess cesspool a pit or pool for collecting sewage or filthy water sesspool cete a group of badgers sett cetywall valerian, a plant formerly valued for its restorative qualities setuale setwall ceviche in Mexican cookery, raw fish marinated in lime juice and served as a hors d'oeuvre seviche ceylanite a mineral, pleonaste, a dark-green to black variety of spinel ceylonite chabouk a horse-whip chabuk chace to chase chase chaco the hat usually worn by members of a marching band shacko shako 63 chadar the large veil worn by Muslim women chaddar chaddor chador chuddah chuddar chudder chado a tea ceremony chanoyo chanoyu sado chafe to warm by rubbing chaufe chauff chaffron a piece of leather, or plate of steel, to protect the head of a horse in battle chamfrain chamfron chanfron chagan an early form of khan cham khan chalah a loaf of white leavened bread, often plaited in form, traditionally baked to chaleh celebrate the Jewish Sabbath challa challah hallah chalan a way-bill; a pass challan challie a soft lightweight silk, wool or cotton fabric challis chally shalli chalutz an early immigrant to Israel, who worked the first kibbutzim halutz chametz leavened food not to be eaten during Passover chometz chamisa a Californian shrub with white flowers, growing in dense thickets chamiso chammy chamois, as in chammy leather; (verb) to rub with a chammy leather shammy chamois a goatlike antelope found in the Alps; (verb) to prepare leather like chamois shamois champac an E. Indian tree of the magnolia family, sacred to Hindus champaca champak chance that which happens or results without assignable cause; (verb) to risk chaunce chancey risky, uncertain chancy change to make different chaunge 64 chanter a singer; a precentor chantor chaunter chantey a song sung by sailors as they worked chantie chanty shantey shanty chantry a chapel or altar built for prayers for its benefactor's soul chauntry chanukiah a candelabrum having nine branches that is lit during the festival of Hanukkah hanukiah chao a monetary unit of Vietnam hao chapati a thin flat piece of unleavened bread chapatti chappati chupati chupatti chupatty chaperon a person who ensures propriety, esp a married or older woman accompanying a young chaperone unmarried woman on social occasions; (verb) to act as a chaperon chapess facetious for a female chap chappess chapka a Polish military cap, adapted from the traditional peasant cap, worn by lancers czapka schapska chaprassi an office messenger, a household attendant chuprassy characid any carnivorous freshwater fish of the family Characidae, which includes the characin pirana charas the resinous exudation of hashish, a narcotic and intoxicant churrus charet a chariot chariot charidee a jocular word for charity charity charism a personal quality or gift that enables an individual to impress and influence charisma others charivari a cacophonous mock-serenade performed for a wedding; (verb) to perform such a serenade chivaree chivari charka a spinning wheel used in Indian households for spinning cotton charkha charlady a woman hired by the hour or day or week to clean rooms in offices or houses charwoman charley a credulous or inefficient person charlie charoset a condiment of chopped apples, walnuts, and wine charoseth 65 haroset haroseth charpai a string framed bed charpoy chasmal of or like a chasm chasmic chatchka a knickknack, a cheap trinket chatchke tsatske chaufer a metal box for holding fire chauffer chay an Indian plant of the madder family whose root chayroot yields a red dye chaya shaya chazan a cantor in a synagogue chazzan chazzen hazan hazzan khazen cheapie something cheap cheapo cheapy chechako a tenderfoot chechaquo cheechako checker to divide into or mark with squares, esp of alternate colours chequer checky checkered chequy cheddite a mixture of castor oil, ammonium perchlorate and a solvent, used as an explosive chedite cheder a religious lesson, or the place where it is held heder cheerio an interjection of greeting; (noun) a bright informal greeting cheero cheetah a hunting cat of Africa chetah cheewink an American bird of the finch family, so called from its note chewink chegoe a small tropical flea; the fertile female burrows under the skin of the host chigger including humans chigoe chigre cheloid a hard growth of scar tissue keloid chemist one versed in chemistry chymic chymist chemistry the physical science of the properties of elementary and compound substances chymistry 66 chenar the oriental plane tree chinar chenix in ancient Greece, a dry measure equivalent to rather more than a quart choenix cherimoya a Peruvian fruit resembling the custard apple chirimoya cheroot a cigar cut square at either end sheroot cherup to chirp chirrup cheth the eighth letter of the Hebrew alphabet heth khet kheth cheven a chub chevin cheverel soft, flexible, kidskin leather cheveril cheverye an Irish chieftaincy chiefery chiefry chevre a cheese made from goat's milk chevret chevy to goad, harass chivvy chivy chewie chewing-gum chuddy chi the twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet khi chiack to tease, deride chyack chiao a Chinese monetary unit, one tenth of a yuan jiao chiasm a commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic chiasma nerves chiasmic relating to chiasmus, the inversion of order of corresponding elements of two chiastic parallel phrases chiaus a cheat, a swindler; (verb) to cheat chouse choush chowse chibol a variety of onion, aka spring onion ciboule chibouk a long straight-stemmed Turkish tobacco pipe chibouque chica an orange-red dye-stuff used by S. American Indians chicha chico chiccory succory, a blue-flowered composite plant chickory 67 chicory chidlings part of the small intestine of swine chitlings chiel a man, a lad chield chigetai a wild ass native to the Tibetan plateau, aka kiang or kyang dziggetai chikara a four-horned Indian antelope chinkara chikhor an Indian partridge chikor chukar chukor childe a youth of gentle birth, esp in ballads chylde chile the (dried) red pod of a Capsicum pepper used in sauces, relishes, etc., and chili made into a hot cayenne chilli chiliadal relating to a chiliad chiliadic chimaera a mythical or genetic hybrid chimera chimaeric of the nature of a chimaera; imaginary, fanciful, visionary chimeric chimar a loose sleeveless robe worn by Anglican bishops chimer chimere chimbley a chimney chimbly chimla chimley chimney chumley chin the jutting part of the face below the mouth, the front of the lower jaw; (verb) shinne to hold with the chin cinchona a tree yielding cinchona bark, from which quinine is made kina kinakina quina quinquina chincapin the dwarf chestnut of the US chinkapin chinone a golden-yellow crystalline compound usuallyprepared by oxidizing aniline kinone quinone chints a glazed printed cotton fabric chintz chipmuck a mainly terrestrial squirrel of N. America and parts of Asia, with dark stripes chipmunk on the back and cheek pouches for storing and carrying food chirr to chirp like a cricket or grasshopper chirre 68 chiseler one who chisels; a swindler chiseller chitinoid of or like chitin chitinous chitlin part of the small intestine of swine chitling chive a herb of the onion family; (verb) to knife cive chiz a cheat, a swizz; (verb) to swindle chizz chlordan a highly poisonous liquid insecticide chlordane chlorid a compound of chlorine with another element or radical chloride chlorin a yellowish-green halogen gaseous element chlorine chocho the fruit of a tropical vine, similar to cucumber, aka chayote choko chockful completely full chockfull chocko in World War II, a conscript choco chokidar a watchman chowkidar chokey a prison choky cholaemia an accumulation of bile pigments in the blood cholemia choltry a caravanserai; a shed used as a place of assembly choultry chon a Korean monetary unit jeon chondre a spheroidal mineral grain embedded in a meteorite chondrule chook a chicken; (verb) to make a noise like a chicken chookie chuckie chucky choose to take by preference chuse choosey difficult to please, fastidious choosy chopin a high clog or patten introduced into England from Venice during the reign of chopine Elizabeth I choragus the leader of the chorus in ancient Greek drama; a person officiating at a festival choregus choral relating to a choir; (noun) a simple harmonized composition with slow rhythm; chorale a psalm or hymn tune choralist a member of a choir chorist chorister 69 quirister choree a trochee choreus choreoid relating to the chorion, the dark brown vascular coat of the eye chorioid choroid chorisis multiplication of parts by branching or splitting chorism chott a shallow saline lake of northern Africa; the dried bed of such a lake shott chounter to mutter, grumble chunner chunter chowri a whisk to keep off flies, used in the East Indies chowry chrisom a white robe put on a newly baptised child christom christie a kind of turn in skiing christy chronaxie a time constant in the excitation of a nerve or muscle chronaxy chrysalid a pupa, especially of a moth or butterfly, enclosed in a firm case or cocoon chrysalis chthonian pertaining to the earth or the underworld chthonic chukka a period of play in polo chukkar chukker chuppa a wedding canopy chuppah huppah chute a passage or sloping trough for sending down goods etc; (verb) to convey by chute shute chutnee a warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable chutney substances, sweets, acids, etc chutzpa sass, moxy chutzpah hutzpa hutzpah cibol a variety of onion, aka spring onion sybo syboe sybow cicada an insect like a grasshopper cicala cicatrice the scar of a healed wound, burn, etc.; a scar on the bark of a tree cicatrix cicinnus a type of inflorescence cincinnus cicisbeo a professed gallant of a married woman sigisbeo 70 ciclaton a costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages ciclatoun cide to decide decide cider an alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of apples cyder cigar a roll of tobacco leaf for smoking segar cigaret finely-cut tobacco rolled in thin paper cigarette ciggie cigarette ciggy cill a sill sill cimar a loose coat, an undergarment formerly worn by women cymar simar simarre symar cineast one who takes an artistic interest in motion pictures cineaste cineol a kind of disinfectant, aka eucalyptol cineole cion a detached piece of a plant capable of propagating, esp by grafting; a young scion member of a family seyen sien sient syen cipher a type of code; (verb) to encipher cypher cipolin a kind of white marble streaked with green cipollino circar the state or government; the authorities sircar sirkar circussy of or like a circus circusy cirriped a barnacle or other parasitic marine crustacean cirripede cissified like a cissy sissified cissy effeminate; (noun) a weak, girlish male sissy cistic relating to a cyst cystic cistvaen a tomb covered with stone slabs kistvaen citable able to be cited citeable cithara an ancient Greek musical instrument like a lyre 71 kithara cither an instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill cithern or plectrum cithren cittern citify to adapt to the city cityfy citola an early form of the cither citole citrussy of or like citrus fruit citrusy civie civilian civvy civiliser one who civilises civilizer cizers scissors scissors clach a small village clachan clackdish a wooden dish carried by beggars, with a moveable lid which they clacked to attract clapdish attention clafouti a French baked pudding clafoutis clamor a loud continuous outcry; uproar; (verb) to make an uproar clamour clamorer one who makes a clamor clamourer clangor a loud ringing noise or clang; (verb) to make a loud ringing noise or clang clangour claquer one of the claque employed to applaud at a theater claqueur clarinet a wind instrument, blown by a single reed clarionet classable capable of being put into a class classible clat something scraped together, a lump; (verb) to scratch, scrape claut claucht to snatch claught claustral of, like, or characteristic of a cloister cloistral clavate club-shaped; growing gradually thicker toward the top clavated clavulate clavicle the collar-bone clavicula clavier the keyboard of a musical instrument; a stringed keyboard instrument, esp the klavier clavichord or the pianoforte claxon a loud mechanical horn klaxon cleanskin an unbranded animal 72 clearskin cleek a kind of golf club; a large hook; (verb) to seize, hook cleik cleep to call, name clepe cleeve a cliff, a hillside cleve cleithral completely roofed over clithral cleruchia an allotment of land in a foreign territory made to a citizen of Athens cleruchy cleuch a ravine, a gully cleugh clough cliched full of cliches clicheed clifted broken into cliffs clifty clinker a hard brick; (verb) to form fused residue in burning klinker clipe to tell tales, tattle on clype cliquey relating to a clique, exclusive cliquish cliquy clitoral relating to the clitoris clitoric cloacal relating to the cloaca cloacinal cloak a loose outer garment; (verb) to clothe with a cloak cloke clodpole a simpleton clodpoll clotpoll closable that can be closed closeable clotbur the burdock cocklebur cloudland an imaginary situation or land, esp as the result of wishful thinking cloudtown clove the flower-bud of the clove-tree, dried as a spice clow clubable sociable clubbable clupeid any fish of the family Clupeidae, that includes the herring genus clupeoid coachee a coachman coachy coaeval belonging to the same period; (noun) a person of the same age coeval coala an Australian marsupial 73 koala coalbin a box for keeping coal in coalbox coarb the head of a family in an Irish sept; an ecclesiastical successor comarb coast the border of land next to the sea; (verb) to cycle without pedalling coste coate to quote quote coaxal having the same axis coaxial cobaltine a mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt cobaltite cocain an alkaloid obtained from coca leaves cocaine coccal of or like a coccus, one of the separable carpels of a dry fruit coccic cocco the taro or other edible araceous tuber coco coccolite a small rounded body found in chalk formations, consisting of microscopic plates coccolith secreted by extinct algal plankton coccygeal pertaining to the coccyx, the tailbone coccygian cochlear a spoon cochleare cockateel a small crested parrot of Australia cockatiel cockneyfy to make (an accent) cockney cocknify cockshot an object of criticism or ridicule cockshy cockswain the steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew coxswain (verb) to take charge of a boat and crew cocksy bumptious, self-assured cocky coxy cocoanut the large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm coconut cokernut cocobola a dark wood used in cabinetry cocobolo codeia an aspirin-related drug codein codeina codeine codlin a variety of elongated apple codling quodlin coehorn a small mortar for throwing grenades cohorn coenure the larval stage of a tapeworm 74 coenurus cogence the state of being cogent cogency cogener something of the same kind or nature congener coggie a small wooden bowl cogie cogue cognisant aware, conscious of cognizant cogniser one who cognises cognizer coheir a joint heir coheritor cohen a member of the Jewish priestly class, descended from Aaron, having certain privileges kohen and obligations in the synagogue coherence a tendency to cohere; a sticking together coherency coho a Pacific salmon cohoe cohog a kind of clam quahaug quahog quohog coif a covering for the head, esp the close-fitting cap of white lawn or silk originally quoif worn by serjeants-at-law; (verb) to put the hair into a coif coign a wedge; a cornerstone; (verb) to secure or raise by wedging coigne quoin coir a material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the kyar outer husk of the cocoanut coistrel an inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and coistril other necessaries coystrel coystril custrel coital relating to coitus coitional cojoin to conjoin conjoin cola a genus of W. African trees producing nuts used in drugs and for flavouring soft kola drinks colander a perforated vessel used as a strainer in cookery cullender colicin a protein lethal to other colonobacilli colicine colinear in the same straight line collinear coliseum a large building or stadium used as a place of entertainment colosseum colitis an inflammation of the large intestine, esp of its mucous membrane 75 colonitis collodion a solution of pyroxylin in ether, used to apply a thin gummy film in photography collodium and surgery colon a monetary unit of Costa Rica colone coloniser one who colonises colonizer color colour; (verb) to colour colour colorant a substance used for colouring colourant colored having a color; (noun) a colored person coloured colorer one who colors colourer colorful full of colour colourful coloriser one who colorises colorizer colorist a person who colours or paints; an artist who excels in the use of colour colourist colorway one of several combinations of colours in which eg a patterned fabric is available colourway colory full of color coloury colostral relating to colostrum colostric colter a knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance coulter of the plowshare and moldboard culter columnal formed or arranged in columns columnar comatik a sled with wooden runners komatik comatula a type of crinoid, aka feather star comatulid combe a short deep valley; a hollow in a hillside coomb coombe comer one showing great promise commer cometary pertaining to, or resembling, a comet cometic comfit a sweet; a sugar-coated seed or almond confit comfiture conserve, preserved fruit confiture comingle to mix together commingle comitadji a member of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee in Macedonia; any Balkan guerilla komitaji 76 commenter one who comments commentor commie a communist commo commy commodo with ease, relaxed comodo commot a subdivision of a cantred commote comose of seeds etc. hairy, downy comous compacter one who compacts compactor compander a system of transmitting or reproducing sound by compressing and then re-expanding compandor the volume-range compleat complete complete complin in the Christian liturgy, the seventh and last service of the day, at 9pm, completing compline the set hours for prayer compone consisting of a row of squares of alternate tinctures compony compot fruit stewed in sugar or syrup compote compotier compt to count count comptable countable comptible countable compter a counter counter comptroll to control, esp in a financial sense control controul countrol con a trick or swindle; (verb) to trick, or persuade by dishonest means (verb, obs.) conne to know, study kon conacre the letting by a tenant of small portions of land prepared for crop or grazing cornacre (verb) to let in this manner concent a harmony or concord of sounds or voices concentus concenter to have a common center concentre conchie a conscientious objector conchy concocter one who concocts concoctor concubine a woman who cohabits with a man without being married; a kept mistress concupy condemner one who condemns 77 condemnor condie a covered drain cundy conepate a skunk conepatl coney a rabbit cony confidant a (male) person confided in or entrusted with secrets, esp in love affairs confident confirmer one who confirms confirmor congee water in which rice has been boiled; rice or millet gruel; (verb) to starch with conjee congee congo a kind of black Chinese tea congou conia a liquid, highly poisonous alkaloid found in hemlock conicine coniine conin conine conidial relating to a conidium, a kind of reproductive cell found in certain fungi conidian coniology the study of atmospheric pollutants and dust koniology conjoint joined together, united conjunct conjurer one who conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a solemn manner conjuror conk to fail, break down konk connecter something that connects connector conner a kind of wrasse, aka goldsinny cunner conoidal nearly, but not exactly, conical conoidic conquerer one who conquers conqueror conquian a card game resembling rummy cooncan consigner the person named in the bill of lading as the one from whom the goods have been consignor received for shipment consolate to console console conster to construe construe contemner a person who contemns; a person who has been found guilty of contempt of court contemnor contrair contrary contrary convener a person who convenes a meeting 78 convenor convent a place for nuns; (verb) (arch.) to be suitable covent converter something or someone that converts convertor conveyer something or someone that conveys conveyor cooee attracting attention; (noun) a call to attract attention; (verb) to call for attention cooey coof a lout, a dolt cuif cookey a small sweet biscuit or cake cookie cooky coolabah a species of Australian eucalyptus tree coolibah coolibar coolie a (non-European) hired labourer or burden-carrier in India, China, and elsewhere cooly coondog a dog trained to hunt raccoons coonhound coontie an American plant related to the cycads coonty coorie to nestle courie coosen to cheat coosin cozen cooser a stallion cuisser cusser cootch to hide, to cuddle up cwtch cootikin a gaiter cuitikin cutikin copacetic sound, adequate, excellent copasetic copesetic kopasetic copaiba a transparent resin obtained from certain S. American trees copaiva copeck a Russian monetary unit, the hundredth part of a rouble kopeck kopek copperah the dried kernel of the coconut, yielding coconut oil coppra copra coprah coppice a thicket of small trees, bushes, shrubs, etc. especially one grown for periodical copse cutting; (verb) to cut such a thicket 79 coprolite fossilized excrement coprolith coquet to flirt, to dally coquette coranach a lamentation for the dead; a dirge coronach coranto an old dance with a gliding step courant courante couranto corbe a projection of stone or wood from the face of a wall, used for supporting pillars corbel or other weights corbie a crow, a raven corby corbina a bluish-grey whiting of the California coast corvina cordovan goatskin leather cordwain corelate to be related one to another correlate corey the penis cory corival a rival; also, a companion; (verb) to rival corrival corkir a lichen used for dyeing red or purple korkir cornet a treble brass valve instrument, more tapering than the trumpet; also, an old cornett woodwind instrument corocore a kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian Archipelago corocoro corody an allowance; a pension; originally the right of the lord to claim free lodging corrody from the vassal coroner an officer who investigates questionable deaths crowner corporal relating to the body; (noun) a white cloth on which Communion bread and wine corporale are placed corporas corpse a dead, usually human body; (verb) of an actor, to forget one's lines corse corrodant a corrosive agent corrodent corrosive having the power to corrode; (noun) a corrosive substance corsive corrupter someone or something that corrupts corruptor corselet a cuirass, a protective body covering of leather corslet corvet to leap; to frisk curvet coryphe the leader of the Greek chorus coryphee 80 coseismal connecting points simultaneously affected by an earthquake; (noun) a coseismal line coseismic cosey a cover for a teapot cosie cosy cozey cozie cozy cosier a cobbler cozier cosmic of or pertaining to the universe as an ordered system or totality cosmical cosmin a substance resembling dentine forming the outer layer of cosmoid scales cosmine cosmogeny a theory or myth of the origin of the universe cosmogony cosmos the world or universe kosmos coss a measure of distance kos koss costate having ribs, or the appearance of ribs costated costumer one who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy balls, etc costumier cothurn a buskin anciently used by tragic actors on the stage; hence, tragedy in general cothurnus cotillion an elaborate ballroom dance with frequent changes of partner cotillon cottabus an ancient Greek game of throwing wine into a vessel kottabos cottar a medieval peasant inhabiting a cottage cotter cottid any fish of the genus Cottus, including the bullhead and father-lasher cottus cotwal the chief constable of an Indian town kotwal couche an evening reception couchee cougar a puma couguar couldest 2nd pers. pt. sing. of can, to be able couldst coumarin a crystalline compound obtained from Tonka beans, woodruff, melilot, etc, used cumarin medicinally to prevent coagulation of the blood coumarone a colourless aromatic liquid obtained from coaltar and used in the manufacture cumarone of resins coup a blow, stroke; (verb) (Scots) to overturn, turn up cowp cour to cover cover 81 coure to cower cower courtesan a prostitute, esp one whose clients are wealthy or upper-class courtezan couscous the grain of the African millet cuscus khuskhus kouskous couthie kind, friendly couthy coutil a strong cotton fabric used in mattresses etc coutille covalence the union of a pair of atoms by the sharing of a pair of electrons, one from covalency each atom covelline a native sulphide of copper, occuring in masses of a dark blue color covellite covin a conspiracy between two or more people to act to the injury of another covyne cowage a leguminous climbing plant with crooked pods covered with sharp stinging hairs cowhage cowitch coward one who lacks courage; (verb) to weaken the courage of, make afraid cowheard cowardice lack of courage cowardry cowflap a cowpat cowflop cowplop cowrie a kind of shell cowry coxalgia pain in the hip coxalgy coypou a large rodent coypu coz cousin cuz craal a S. African village of huts surrounded by a fence; (verb) to pen kraal cracky a mild oath crickey cricky crikey crag a rough steep rock craig cramesy crimson cramoisie cramoisy cremosin cremsin crimson crampet a metal tip at the end of a scabbard 82 crampit crampon a boot-spike for rock and ice climbing; (verb) to climb using crampons crampoon cranch to crunch craunch crannog a lake dwelling in Scotland and Ireland, typically a tiny island artificially crannoge enlarged and fortified crape a thin crinkled silk or other fabric formerly dyed black and used for mourning crepe clothes; (verb) to cover or shroud with crape craple a grapple graple grapple crappie a kind of fish, a member of the sunfish family croppie crapulent suffering from overindulgence in food or drink crapulous crapy having the texture of crape, a light crinkled fabric crepey crepy crare a trading vessel crayer crathur a creature; whiskey cratur craythur crawdad a crayfish crawdaddy creach a foray, booty creagh creak a sharp grating or squeaking sound; (verb) to squeak screak creaky given to creaking screaky creasote a pitch-like substance used to coat fences etc; (verb) to coat with creasote creosote kreasote kreosote creatin a nitrogenous compound found in striped muscle creatine kreatine creatress a female creator creatrix credal of or relating to a creed creedal creese a dagger or short sword used by the Malays, commonly having a serpentine blade cris (verb) to stab with this kreese kris cremona an ancient double-reed wind instrument cromorna cromorne crumhorn 83 krumhorn krummhorn crenate having a notched edge or rounded teeth; finely scalloped crenated creutzer a small copper coin formerly used in South Germany kreutzer kreuzer crew a gang, a ship's company; (verb) to serve aboard a ship crue crewels scrofula, the King's Evil cruells cruels cribrate perforated like a sieve cribrose cribrous crimine an interjection expressing surprise or impatience crimini criminy crimmer tightly curled grey or black fur from a Crimean lamb krimmer crinate having hair crinated cripe a mild oath cripes crispate having a wavy edge crispated cristate with an appendage resembling a crest cristated critter a creature crittur crivens an interjection expressing dismay crivvens croceate saffron-coloured croceous crocein a red or orange azo dye croceine cromack a crook, a stick with a curved head crummack crummock cromb a hook or crook; (verb) to draw out with a cromb crome croove a pen or sty cruive cruve crosier a pastoral staff or crook held by bishop or abbot crozier crotal a golden-brown lichen used for dyeing crottle croup the rump of a horse, the place behind the saddle; (verb) to speak hoarsely croupon crouper a strap buckled to the back of a saddle and looped under the horse's tail, to 84 crupper prevent the saddle from slipping forward crowdie a mixture of meal and water, aka brose crowdy croze a groove in the staves of a cask crozer crucian a colourful carp crusian cruddle to curdle curdle cruisie an open iron lamp with a rush wick cruizie crusie crusy cruzie cruller in N. America, a type of sweet cake fried in fat kruller crummie a cow with crooked horns crummy crumple to wrinkle scrumple crunk a form of hip-hop music originating in the southern states of the US krunk crunked in a state of excitement or exhilaration krunked crustate covered with a crust, eg crustate lichens crustated cryolite an aluminum ore kryolite kryolith cryometer an instrument for measuring low temperatures kryometer cryptic hidden, secret cryptical crypton an element, an inert gas krypton csardas a Hungarian dance that increases in speed czardas cubist relating to cubism, a modern movement in painting; (noun) a practitioner of cubism cubistic cubit an old measure of length cubitus cuboid cube-shaped; (noun) a cube-shaped bone cuboidal cudden a young coalfish cuddie cuddin cuddy cudgeler one who cudgels cudgeller cuirass armour for breast and back; (verb) to equip with a cuirass curat 85 curiet cuish armour for the thigh cuisse culch the flooring of an oyster-bed cultch cullay the soapbark tree, a rosaceous tree native to Chile quillai quillaia quillaja cultrate shaped like a knife blade; sharp-edged cultrated cumin an umbelliferous plant of the Mediterranean region with seeds like caraway cummin cummer a woman, a girl kimmer cumquat any of several small yellow to orange citrus fruits with sweet spongy rind and kumquat somewhat acid pulp that are used chiefly for preserves cuneal wedge-shaped cuneate cuneated cuneatic of script, wedge-shaped cuneiform cuniform cunette an fortifications, a trench sunk along the middle of a dry ditch or moat, serving cuvette as a drain cupeler one who assays in a cupel cupeller cupular of or pertaining to a cup; cup-shaped cupulate cur a worthless mongrel dog kurre curacao a kind of liqueur curacoa curagh a long-shaped boat similar to a coracle currach curragh curara a paralysing poison extracted from the bark of certain S. American trees curare curari urare curative tending to cure; (noun) something tending to cure curatory curbside the side of a pavement bordered by a curb kerbside curbstone a stone lining a curb kerbstone curch a covering for the head, a kerchief curchef curcumin the saffron-yellow colouring matter of turmeric, used esp in food colouring curcumine curet a surgical instrument used for scraping 86 curette curf an incision made by a cutting tool kerf curlicue a fancy twist or curl, esp in handwriting; (verb) to adorn with curlicues curlycue curn a grain, a small quantity curran curney granular curny currajong an Australian evergreen currejong currijong kurrajong currie the quarry, the parts of an animal killed in hunting that were given to the hounds quarry cursenary cursory (probably a misreading) cursorary cursory curtalax a short broad sword; a cutlass curtalaxe curtaxe curtsey a female genuflection; (verb) to make a curtsy curtsy curvate curved curvated curvey full of curves curvy cushat the wood-pigeon or ring-dove cushie cuspate in the form of a cusp cuspated cuspidor a spittoon cuspidore cusso an Ethiopian tree, the flowers of which are used as a vermifuge kousso kusso custode a person who has care such as of a public building custodian custodier customary according to custom; (noun) a body or book of the customs of a manor custumary cutback a reduction cutdown cutcha made of dried mud, makeshift kacha kachcha kuchcha kutcha cutcherry an Indian magistrate's office or courthouse cutchery kachahri 87 kacheri cutesie affectedly cute cutesy cutey a cute person cutie cutlas a curved, one-edged sword formerly used by sailors cutlass cutto a large knife cuttoe cyanamid the amide of cyanogen, a white crystalline substance cyanamide cyanite a mineral, an aluminum silicate, usually sky-blue kyanite cyclicism the state of being cyclic cyclicity cyclopean relating to a prehistoric Greek style of masonry with immense stones of irregular cyclopian form cylix a shallow two-handled drinking-cup kylix cymagraph an instrument for tracing the outline of mouldings cymograph cymbal a musical instrument symbole cymbaleer one who plays the cymbals cymbaler cymbalist cymbling a variety of squash cymlin cymling simlin cymene a hydrocarbon cymol cymose of or like a cyme cymous cypress silk or cotton gauze fabric, usually black cyprus cyprid any member of the Cypris genus of freshwater ostracod crustaceans cypris cyprinid relating to the carp family; (noun) a member of the carp family of fish cyprinoid cystein an amino acid that oxidizes to cystine cysteine cystid a kind of extinct echinoderm cystoid czar a ruler, emperor ksar tsar tzar czarevich the wife of a czar tsarevich czarevna the proper title for the daughter of a czar 88 tsarevna tzarevna czarina the empress of Russia czaritsa czaritza tsarina tsaritsa tsaritza tzarina tzaritza czarist a supporter of the czar tsarist tzarist da a heavy Burmese knife dah daal the pigeon pea, a pea-like plant cultivated in India and the tropics dahl dal dhal dholl dabchick the little grebe dipchick dobchick dacha a Russian country house datcha dacker to lounge, saunter daiker daker dacoit an Indian bandit dakoit dacoitage robbery by dacoits dacoity dakoiti dakoity daddle to waddle, stagger daidle dae to do do daedal ingenious and cunningly designed daedalean daedalian daedalic dedal dedalian daemon an inward spirit; personality; genius daimon daemonic having the qualities of a daemon daimonic dagaba a dome-shaped structure built over relics of Buddha or some Buddhist saint dagoba dagwood any of various shrubs and trees of genus Cornus 89 dogwood dahabeah a Nile sailing boat dahabeeah dahabiah dahabieh dahabiya dahabiyah dahabiyeh daiko a large Japanese drum taiko dailiness the quality of being daily dailyness daimio a territorial noble under the old feudal system daimyo daine to deign deign daint dainty dainty daynt daiquiri a cocktail containing rum and lime-juice daquiri daishiki an African tunic dasheki dashiki daled a Hebrew letter daleth dalt a foster-child dault damar a hard resin used in making varnish dammar dammer damascene to decorate or engrave metal with wavy lines and patterns damaskeen damaskin damasquin damboard a draught-board dambrod damndest utmost effort, in phrase to do one's damndest damnedest damoisel a young girl or unmarried woman damosel damozel damsel dancette deeply indented; (noun) a zigzag line across a shield dancettee dancetty dancey relating to dance music dancy dander to stroll, saunter daunder dauner 90 dawner dandiprat a silver three-halfpenny piece dandyprat dandriff flakes of scruff on the scalp dandruff danegeld a tax imposed in the 10th century to buy off the Danes or to defend the country danegelt against them danelagh the law that prevailed in the Danelaw danelaw daneweed an elder-like shrub, said to grow on sites where Danes had fallen danewort danny the hand donny dant to daunt daunt daunton daphnia any member of the crustacean genus Daphnia, water-fleas daphnid dare to have the necessary courage darre daur darga a structure over a place where a holy person was buried or cremated dargah durgah dari indian millet dhoora dhourra dhurra doura dourah dura durr durra dark not light in colour; (noun) a state of darkness; (verb) to darken dirke darkey a Black or coloured person darkie darky darkling in the dark, taking place in the dark darklings darling lovable; (noun) a much-loved person dearling darraign to vindicate; to put in battle array darraigne darrain darraine darrayn deraign darzi a tailor durzi datable that may be dated 91 dateable datal reckoning by the day, esp of work or wages daytale dataller a day-labourer daytaler dataria an officer of the papal court charged with registering and dating bulls etc. datary and with granting indults and graces dato a landowner or chief in northern Borneo, the Philippines, and some adjacent areas datto daubery a crudely artful device, a pretence daubry dawbry daud to knock, thump dawd dod daut to pet dawt dautie a pet dawtie daven to utter Jewish prayers doven davenport a small ornamental writing desk; a large sofa devonport daw to dawn dawn dak in India, the mail or post dawk daysailer a dayboat powered by sail daysailor deadboy a metal plate driven into firm snow for use by mountaineers as a belaying point deadman deaf lacking the sense of hearing deif dealate divested of its wings; (noun) an animal divested wings dealated deare to injure dere dearie a term of endearment deary dearn secret; lonely; (noun) secrecy, hiding dern dearnful solitary; mournful dernful dearth scarcity derth deasil a sunwise motion deasiul deasoil deiseal deisheal deave to deafen, worry with noise 92 deeve deaw dew dew deawie dewy deawy dewy debauch to corrupt debosh debitor a debtor debtor debonair of good appearance, elegant debonaire debud to remove the buds from disbud debur to remove rough edges from (a metal object, piece of wood, etc) deburr decad a group of ten, a decade decade decadence a falling away; decay decadency decaf decaffeinated drink decaff decagram a weight of the metric system; ten grams dekagram decaliter a cubic volume of ten liters decalitre dekaliter dekalitre decalog the Ten Commandments decalogue decameter ten meters decametre dekameter dekametre decapodal relating to decapods, an order of crustaceans with ten feet, that includes crabs decapodan and lobsters decarb to decarbonize (an internal combustion engine) decoke decare ten ares, or 1000 square metres dekare decenary a tithing decennary decenter to put out of centre decentre deciliter one tenth of a liter decilitre decimeter one tenth of a metre decimetre deckel a frame used in making paper by hand deckle decko a look; (verb) to take a look 93 dekko decolor to deprive of color decolour decrease to diminish decrew decretive relating to or having the force of a decree decretory decuria a company of ten or more Roman soldiers under a decurion decury deemster a judge on the Isle of Man dempster doomster deen din din deev in Iranian (esp Zoroastrian) mythology, a demonic power div deewan in India, a financial minister dewan diwan defaecate to void excrement defecate defence something that defends; (verb) to make a defence defense deffo definitely defo deflater one who deflates deflator defrock to deprive of priestly frock or ecclesiastical rank unfrock defuse to remove the fuse from eg a bomb defuze degame a tropical tree, lemonwood degami degrade to debase disgrade degust to taste, relish degustate dehorn to deprive of horns dishorn deific making divine; producing a likeness to God deifical deil devil devil deinosaur any of a group of extinct reptiles dinosaur deioniser an apparatus for removing ions deionizer deistic relating to deism deistical dejeune breakfast, lunch dejeuner 94 disjune deleble capable of being deleted deletable delible deletive serving to delete deletory delf pottery made at the city of Delft in Holland delft delftware delph deltaic relating to a delta deltic delusive tending to delude delusory demagog a person who appeals to the prejudices and emotions of the people to gain power demagogue (verb) to manipulate an issue, to speak, or to act in the manner of a demagogue demain a manor-house with lands adjacent to it not let out to tenants demesne demaine bearing, conduct demayne demeane demeanor demeanour demast to dismast dismast demilune a half-moon, a ravelin semilune demiss humble demissive demiurge an inferior god who created the world; a creative power or spirit demiurgus demivolt a half-turn of a horse, the forelegs being raised in the air demivolte democracy a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people collectively democraty demonic of or like a demon demonical denay to deny deny dentate toothed, notched dentated dentel a small square block in a moulding dentil dentin an ivory-like material making up teeth dentine denudate to strip of all covering denude deodar a kind of cedar deodara deoxy having less oxygen than the parent compound desoxy 95 depaint to paint depeinct dependant a person who depends on another for support dependent depicter one who depicts depictor depilate to remove hair from epilate depletive serving to deplete depletory derham the monetary unit of Morocco dirham dirhem deringer a small pocket pistol derringer derm the true skin, below the outer layer derma dermis dermal relating to the derm or skin dermatic dermic dero a tramp or derelict derro descant an accompaniment above and harmonizing with the main melody; (verb) to comment on discant a theme describe to give a verbal account of descrive deshi local, authentic desi design to conceive and plan out desine desyne desolater one who desolates, lays waste desolator despatch a sending away; something sent; (verb) to send off dispatch despotat a territory governed by a despot despotate destemper to distemper, in the paint sense distemper destroy to damage beyond repair or renewal stroy desulfur to remove sulfur from desulphur detecter something or someone that detects detector dethrone to remove from a throne unthrone detorsion the act of detorting; a twisting or warping detortion 96 deuteron the nucleus of heavy hydrogen, of mass 2, carrying unit positive charge deuton dev a god; a good spirit deva devel a hard blow; (verb) to stun with a club devvel develop to bring to a more advanced or effective state develope devest to undress divest deviance being deviant deviancy devilry devilish behaviour deviltry dewani the office of a dewan, an Indian financial minister dewanny dewfull proper, fit dueful dewlapped having dewlaps dewlapt dexie a tablet of dex, a sulfate used as a stimulant dexy dexterous skilful and active with the hands dextrous dextrin british gum, a gummy mixture obtained from starch dextrine dhamma custom or law regarded as duty; the basic principles of cosmic or individual dharma existence dharna a method of collecting a debt in which the person who is owed money sits on the dhurna debtor's doorstep until payment is made, or the debtor starves to death dhooly a litter or palanquin doolee doolie dooly dhooti a Hindu loincloth dhootie dhoti dhuti dhurrie a cotton rug made in India durrie diablerie black magic; sorcery diablery diachylon formerly a plaster of plant juices; now lead-plaster diachylum diacodion a syrup of poppies diacodium diact having two rays diactinal diactine diaeresis the separation or resolution of one syllable into two dieresis 97 dialer one who dials dialler dialing the art of constructing sundials; the science of time measurement dialling dialist a maker of dials; one skilled in dialing diallist dialoger one who makes things into dialogues dialoguer dialysate the material subjected to dialysis, the separation of substances by diffusion dialyzate through a membranous septum or partition dialyse to separate by dialysis dialyze dialyser a machine that carries out dialysis dialyzer diametral pertaining to a diameter diametric diamin a chemical compound containing two amino groups diamine diapase a loud, harmonious burst of music diapason diarchal relating to a diarchy, rulership by two people diarchic diarchy rulership by two people dinarchy duarchy dyarchy diarial pertaining to a diary; daily diarian diarrhea a persistent purging or looseness of the bowels diarrhoea diarrheal of or like diarrhoea diarrheic diastasic of or like diastase diastatic diazin any organic compound whose molecules contain a hexagonal ring of four carbon diazine atoms and two nitrogen atoms dibbs money dibs dibbuk a dead person's soul inhabiting a living person dybbuk dicast one of the 6000 Athenians chosen annually to act as judges dikast dickey a false shirt front dickie dicky dickty proud, snobbish dicty diclinism the state of having two stamens and pistils dicliny dicot dicotyledon, a plant having two cotyledons, seed-leaves dicotyl 98 dicrotal of or pertaining to dicrotism, a condition in which there are two beats or waves dicrotic of the arterial pulse to each beat of the heart dict to dictate dictate didakai an itinerant tinker or scrap-dealer, not a true gypsy didicoi didicoy didakei an itinerant tinker or scrap-dealer, not a true gypsy diddicoy didapper a small grebe dopper diddley the least amount diddly didie a diaper didy didrachm a two-drachma piece; an ancient Greek silver coin didrachma diecious having male and female sexual organs in different individuals dioecious dioicous diedral bounded by two planes, or two plane faces; (noun) a diedral angle dihedral diestrum a period of sexual inactivity diestrus dioestrus dietician an expert on diet dietist dietitian dif difference diff diffuser something or someone that diffuses diffusor digester one who digests digestor digitate of a leaf, divided into finger-like parts digitated digitiser a device that converts analogue signals etc. to digital ones digitizer digynian of or pertaining to the Digynia; having two styles digynous dike a trench, a ditch; (verb) to make a dike dyke dikey lesbian dykey dilater something that dilates dilator dildo an object serving as an erect penis substitute dildoe diluter someone who or something that dilutes dilutor diluvial of, relating to, or brought about by a flood 99 diluvian diluvion a deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, stones, etc., caused by former action diluvium of flowing waters, or the melting of glacial ice dindle to tingle, vibrate dinnle dinges an indefinite name for any person or thing whose name one cannot remember dingus dingey a small open boat, prepared by oars, sails or an outboard motor dinghy dingy dinna do not dinnae diobol a coin of ancient Greece diobolon dionysiac orgiastic dionysian diopter a unit of measurement of power of lens or eye dioptre dioxan a colourless, flammable, toxic liquid used as a solvent for waxes, resins etc dioxane dioxid an oxide with two atoms of oxygen in the molecule dioxide diphase having two phases diphasic dipteran an insect of the order Diptera, a large order of two-winged insects including dipteron flies, gnats, mosquitoes, etc diptyca a pair of pictures on hinged panels diptych dirdam an uproar dirdum durdum dirge a funeral song or hymn; a slow and mournful piece of music dirige dirigism state control in economic and social spheres dirigisme dirl to (cause to) vibrate thirl disable to render incapable or unable dishable disavouch to disavow disavow disburse to pay out dispurse disc any flat thin circular body or structure; (verb) to work with a disc harrow disk discandie to dissolve or melt from a state of being candied discandy discern to perceive scerne disclike like a disc disklike 100 discolor to alter the natural hue or color of discolour discoure to discover discover discure disfavor want of favorable regard; (verb) to disesteem disfavour dishdash a long one-piece garment worn by men in some Arab countries dishdasha dishonor to dishonour dishonour disinform to inform incorrectly misinform disjaskit tired out forjaskit forjeskit disleaf to remove the leaves from disleave disleal disloyal disloyal dispathy antipathy, dislike dyspathy dispence to dispense dispense disponge to sprinkle or discharge as if from a sponge dispunge dispread to spread out, expand in different directions dispred disrupter one who disrupts disruptor disseisee one who is disseised, deprived of seisin disseizee disseisin the act of disseizing; an unlawful dispossessing and ouster of a person actually disseizin seized of the freehold disseisor one who deprives another of seisin disseizor distil to fall in drops distill distrait distracted in mind; excessively perplexed or troubled distraite distrust lack of trust; (verb) to have no trust in mistrust disulfid a sulphide containing two atoms of sulphur to the molecule disulfide dite to compose endite indite dithecal having two thecae or sheaths dithecous ditsy amiably eccentric ditzy 101 divalence the state of being divalent divalency divi dividend; (verb) to divide up divvy dixie a military cooking-pot dixy djebel a hill, a range of mountains jebel djellaba an Arab cloak with a hood and wide sleeves djellabah galabea galabeah galabia galabiah galabieh galabiya galabiyah gallabea gallabeah gallabia gallabiah gallabieh gallabiya jelab jellaba jellabah djibbah a long loose outer garment worn by Muslims jibbah jubbah jubhah djinn a plural of one of a class of spirits in Muslim theology ginn jinn djin one of a class of spirits in Muslim theology djinni djinny genie jin jinnee jinni doat to dote dote dobbie a dotard; a brownie; an attachment to a loom for weaving small figures dobby dobla a former monetary unit of Spain, a gold coin doblon dobson the larva of a large neuropterous insect, used as fish bait dobsonfly docket a summary of the contents of a document; a bill or ticket affixed to anything docquet indicating contents; (verb) to make a summary of the contents of a document doctoral of or pertaining to (the holder of) a doctorate 102 doctorial doctoress a female doctor doctress doddipoll a blockhead doddypoll dodkin an old Dutch coin of small value doit doitkin duit dodman a snail; a snail shell hodmandod doeth old 3rd. pers. sing of do doth dogate the office of a doge, or chief magistrate of Venice dogeate dogey a motherless calf dogie dogy doggerel poor quality comic verse doggrel doggie a small dog doggy dognaper one who dognaps, abducts dogs dognapper doiled crazy, foolish doilt doily a lace mat for a cake-plate doyley doyly doited in one's dotage doitit dole pain, woe, trouble; (verb) to deal out dool doole dule dolina a typically funnel-shaped basin in a karstic region doline dolor grief, pain dolour domainal of or relating to a domain or to domains domanial domesday a day of judgment doomsday domic like a dome domical domicil a dwelling-place, abode domicile dominance the state of being dominant dominancy dominick one of an American breed of chickens dominique 103 dona feminine of don, the title donah donatary a donee of the crown; one to whom, upon certain condition, escheated property donatory is made over donnard stupid, dull-witted donnart donnerd donnered donnert donnat a good-for-nothing donnot donne a datum, something given donnee donnicker an outside lavatory donniker donsie unlucky; sickly donsy donut to surround a speaker to give the impression of a packed house doughnut doobrey a thing whose name is unknown or temporarily forgotten, a what's-its-name doobrie doocot a dove-cote dooket dovecot dovecote doodad a whatsit doodah doodoo excrement doody doofus a fool dufus dook to duck, bathe douk doon down doun down doorman a porter, a doorkeeper doorsman doozer a thing of surpassing size or excellence doozie doozy dopatta a silk or muslin shawl dupatta dopey foolish dopy dor to mock dorr dorb a stupid or inept person dorba doree a golden-yellow fish of the mackerel family dory 104 dormie in golf, as many holes ahead as there are holes to play dormy dorneck a coarse sort of damask, originally made at Tournay (in Flemish, Doornick), Belgium dornick dornock dorsel a cloth hanging for the back of an altar dossal dossel dorser a covering for the back of a throne dosser dorter a dormitory dortour dosemeter an instrument for measuring dose of radiation dosimeter dosiology the branch of medicine that deals with dosages dosology posology dottel unburnt and partially burnt tobacco caked in the bowl of a pipe dottle dotterel a kind of plover dottrel douar a circular Arab encampment dowar duar doucepere one of the twelve peers of France, companions of Charlemagne in war douzeper doucet a savory tart baked in sweet dough dowset douleia in Roman Catholicism, the inferior veneration accorded to saints and angels dulia douma the Russian parliament duma doup the bottom of anything dowp doupioni a kind of silk yarn douppioni dupion dove a pigeon; (verb) (Scots) to doze dover doveish like a dove dovish dovekey a kind of guillemot; also, the little auk dovekie doweling joining with dowels dowelling dowery the property which a woman brings to her husband at marriage dowry dowl a portion of down in a feather; a piece of fluff dowle dowlney downy downy 105 downward from a higher place to a lower downwards doxie a woman of loose morals, prostitute; mistress doxy drabbet a kind of coarse linen drabette drabbler a piece of canvas fastened by lacing to the bonnet of a sail, to give it a greater drabler depth, or more drop drac of a woman, unattractive drack dracaena a genus of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped flowers dracena drachm a Greek monetary unit drachma draconian unusually harsh draconic dracontic draffish worthless draffy draisene a dandy-horse draisine dramady a play with both drama and comedy dramedy drammach meal and water mixed raw drammock drummock drant to drawl, drone draunt drap to drop drop drapable that can be draped drapeable drappie a little drop, esp of spirits drappy drawknife a carpentry tool drawshave dreare dreariness, gloom drere dreck inferior merchandise, rubbish drek dreich dreary dreigh driegh dreidel a four-sided toy marked with Hebrew letters and spun like a top; a children's dreidl game of chance played with this especially at Hanukkah dribblet a drop, a trickle driblet dricksie having decayed spots covered by healthy wood druxy drier an apparatus for drying dryer 106 drivable that can be driven driveable driveler one who drivels driveller droger a W. Indian coasting vessel, with long masts and lateen sails drogher dromedare a dromedary dromedary dromic relating to a race-course dromical dromon a swift medieval ship of war dromond drook to drench drouk drookit drowned droukit droome a drum drum droshky a low, four-wheeled, open carriage used in Russia drosky druidic pertaining to, or resembling, the Druids druidical drupel a little drupe, forming part of a fruit drupelet dso a Himalayan ox dzho dzo zho zo dsobo a male zo zobo zobu dsomo a female zo jomo zhomo duad a pair dyad duckie excellent ducky duddie ragged duddy dudeen a clay pipe dudheen dueler one who engages in a duel dueller duelist one who fights a duel duellist duet a composition for two; (verb) to take part in playing a composition for two duett duetto duffel a blanket fabric with nap on both sides 107 duffle dufferdom being a duffer dufferism duhkha suffering due to the desire for permanence dukkha duiker a small S. African antelope duikerbok duyker dukka a mix of ground nuts and spices, of Egyptian origin, used as a dip for roast dukkah meat dulcimer a musical instrument like a flat box, with sounding board and wires stretched dulcimore across bridges dulcite a saccharine substance derived from various plants dulcitol dulcose dullness the state of being dull dulness dumbfound to strike dumb; to confuse with astonishment dumfound dumose abounding with bushes and briers dumous dunch to jog, nudge, butt dunsh duolog a dialogue between two actors duologue duress hardship; constraint; restraint of liberty duresse durian a tree of the bombax family, widely grown in tropical Asia; its spinous fruit durion duvetine a smooth lustrous velvety fabric duvetyn duvetyne dwalm a swoon, a sudden sickness; (verb) to swoon dwam dwaum dyable that can be dyed dyeable dyschroa discoloration of the skin from disease dyschroia dyscrasic relating to dyscrasia, a disordered condition of the body dyscratic dyslectic suffering from dyslexia, reading impairment; (noun) one suffering from dyslexia dyslexic dysodil an impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid odor when burning dysodile dysodyle dyspepsia severe indigestion, especially chronic dyspepsy dyspnea difficulty of breathing dyspnoea dyspneal of or like dyspnea, laboured breathing 108 dyspneic dyspnoeal dyspnoeic dyspnoic dysuria difficult or painful discharge of urine dysury eale evil evil ean to give birth to yean eanling a young lamb weanel weanling yeanling eard earth; (verb) to bury yeard yerd yird yirth earn to gain or deserve for one's labor or service ern earst formerly erst eastlin eastward eastling eastlings eastlins eastward towards the east eastwards eaterie a dining establishment eatery eath easy eathe ethe ebony a dark heavy tropical wood heben ebriate intoxicated ebriated eburnean of or like ivory eburneous ecce behold, here is ecco ecdyson an insect hormone ecdysone ech to eke eche eech eik eke ich echinate prickly like a hedgehog, bristly 109 echinated eclampsia a fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy eclampsy itself eclogite a crystalline rock containing red garnet eklogite ecod a mild oath egad egads igad ecologic relating to ecology oecologic ecology the study of the interrelationships between life forms and their environment oecology ecphrasis a description of a work of art, possibly imaginary, produced as a rhetorical ekphrasis exercise ecstasy a state of exalted pleasure or happiness; (verb) to send into a state of ecstasy extasy ecstatic very happy; (noun) an ecstatic person extatic ectoblast the outer layer of the blastoderm epiblast ectoderm the outer basic layer of tissue in those animals with true tissues exoderm ectopia the displacement of internal organs in the body ectopy ectoplasm the outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum exoplasm ectozoan a parasite on the body of an animal ectozoon ectropion an unnatural eversion of the eyelids ectropium ecumenic general; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church oecumenic edema local or general swelling produced by the accumulation of fluid in the body tissues oedema or cavities edematose pertaining to, or of the nature of, edema edematous edental without teeth, as of anteaters, armadillos, and sloths edentate edh a letter used in old English eth editress a female editor editrix eerie uncanny eery eeven evening eevn eevning eve evening effecter one who effects 110 effector effeir to appertain, to suit effere effierce to make fierce enfierce eft a newt evet ewt eftsoon soon after eftsoons egal equal equal egalite equality egality egally equally equally egence the state of needing, or of suffering a natural want egency eggar any of several large brown moths egger eglantine sweetbriar eglatere egma an enigma enigma egoistic relating to or displaying egoism egotistic eidolon an unsubstantial image, a phantom idolon idolum eightvo a printer's page size octavo eikon a religious carving of a saint etc icon ikon eild old age eld eilding fuel eldin elding yealdon eine eyes eyen eyne eirenic conducive to or working toward peace eirenical irenic irenical eirenicon a peace-making message, a proposition for peace irenicon eisel sour wine resembling vinegar eisell 111 esile eiswein a sweet German wine made from grapes that have frozen on the vine icewine ekistic relating to ekistics, the study of human settlements ekistical ekpwele a former standard monetary unit of Equatorial Guinea ekuele elchee an ambassador elchi eltchi eldrich weird, eerie eldritch elegance the state of being elegant elegancy elegiac relating to elegy; (noun) a verse line of five dactyls with a marked caesura elegiacal elench that part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends elenchus elenchtic relating to argument, cross-examination or refuting elenctic elfish like an elf elvish eliad an ogle, a glance, a wink eyeliad eyliad illiad oeillade ellops a kind of sturgeon elops eloge a commendation; an encomium elogium elogy eloign to convey to a distance eloin esloin esloyne elshin an awl elsin elt a young sow gilt yelt eluant a liquid used for elution eluent elvan a granular crystalline dyke rock, composed of quartz and orthoclase elvanite elytron each of the horny forewings of a coleopterous insect, which form protective sheaths elytrum for the hindwings embace to lower; to debase embase imbase embalm to impregnate with balm or perfume 112 imbalm embar to shut in; to put under embargo imbar embathe to bathe imbathe embed to fix firmly into a surrounding mass imbed ember a glowing fragment from a fire yemmer embitter to make bitter imbitter emblaze to adorn with glittering embellishments imblaze embody to incorporate imbody embolden to give boldness or courage to imbolden emborder to furnish or adorn with a border imborder embosom to hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection imbosom emboss to decorate with raised designs to go into the depths of a wood imboss embower to place in a bower; to shelter with trees imbower embraceor a person who seeks to influence jurors by corrupt means to deliver a partial embracer verdict embrasor embraid to braid embread embrangle to embroil or entangle imbrangle embrasure a loophole in fortifications; a window-opening with slanted sides embrazure embroglio a confusing or disturbing situation imbroglio embrown to give a brown color to imbrown embrue to wet or moisten imbrue embrute to degrade to the state of a brute imbrute embryonal of or like an embryo embryonic embryotic emerald a green variety of beryl emeraude smaragd smaragde emerod a haemorrhoid emeroid 113 emerse of leaves, rising above the surface of water emersed emetic tending to cause vomiting; (noun) an emetic substance emetical emetin an emetic alkaloid found in ipecacuanha emetine eminence the state of being eminent eminency emmesh to catch or entangle in or as in the meshes of a net enmesh immesh inmesh emmew to confine, mew up, as a hawk in mews enmew immew emmove to affect with emotion emove enmove empaire to impair empare empayre impair empale to pierce with a pointed object impale empanel to form a list of jurors impanel impannel emparl to hold discourse, to parley imparl empart to impart impart empeach to impeach impeach emperce to pierce empierce empiric based on experience; (noun) one who follows an empirical method; one who relies empirical upon practical experience emplane to put or take on an aeroplane enplane empleach to intertwine impleach emplecton ashlar masonry filled up with rubble emplectum emplonge to plunge implunge employe a person employed employee empolder to make a polder of impolder empower to give power to impower 114 emptings the yeasty lees of beer or cider emptins empurple to color or tinge with purple impurple empusa a phantom or specter sent by Hecate; a genus of fungi parasitic on houseflies empuse emure to immure immure emyd a genus of freshwater terrapin emyde emys enameler one who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work enamelist enameller enamor to cause to fall in love with enamour encage to confine in a cage incage encase to inclose in a case incase encave to hide incave enchase to chase, engrave; to fix in a border or setting inchase enchorial belonging to or used in a country; domestic enchoric enclasp to clasp within; to embrace or encircle inclasp enclose to close in on all sides inclose enclosure the act of enclosing inclosure encolpion a reliquary; a cross worn on the breast encolpium encomion glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise encomium encrease to increase increase encrinal relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds of limestone encrinic encrust to cover or line with a crust, or hard coat incrust encumber to burden incumber endameba a parasitic amoeba endamoeba endart to dart in indart endeavor to try endeavour endew to endow 115 endue indew indow indue endlang endlong, lengthwise endlong endoblast the inner cell-layer of a gastrula entoblast endoderm the innermost basic layer of tissue in those animals with true tissues entoderm endorse to write, esp one's signature, on the back of indorse endorsee the person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement indorsee endorser one who endorses endorsor endozoic having seeds dispersed by animals that swallow them entozoal entozoic endozoon an internal parasite entozoan entozoon energiser something that energises energizer enfeoff to give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate infeoff by the process of feoffment enfix to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in infix enflame to inflame inflame enforce to impose by force inforce enfree to set free enfreedom engineer someone who designs or makes, or puts to practical use, engines or machinery enginer of any type; (verb) to carry through or manage by contrivance ingener englobe to enclose in or as in a globe inglobe engraff to graft onto engraft ingraft engrain to dye in grain, or of a fast color ingrain engrainer one who engrains, dyes in a lasting colour ingrainer engram a hypothetical change in neural tissue due to memory engramma engramme engroove to cut a groove or furrow in ingroove 116 engross to make gross, thick, or large ingross engulf to surround completely engulph ingulf ingulph enhearse to put in, or as in, a hearse or coffin inhearse inherce enisle to put on or make into an island inisle enlace to bind or encircle with lace inlace enlarge to make or become larger enlargen largen enlock to lock in; to inclose inlock enokidake chinese hackberry enokitake enology the science dealing with wine and wine-making oenology oinology enophile one who loves wine oenophil oenophile enorm enormous enormous enquire to ask inquere inquire enrange to range in order; to put in rank enraunge enrich to add desirable elements to richen enrol to enter in a list as pupil, member, etc enroll ensate sword-shaped ensiform ensconce to settle securely or comfortably insconce enseam to mark as with a seam inseam inseem ensheath to enclose as in a sheath ensheathe insheath insheathe enshell to enclose in a shell inshell enshrine to enclose (as) in a shrine 117 inshrine ensilage to store green fodder in a silo ensile ensnare to catch in a snare insnare ensorcel to enchant ensorcell ensoul to indue or imbue (a body) with soul insoul ensphere to place in a sphere insphere ensurer one who insures insurer enswathe to swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes inswathe entameba an amoeba that causes amoebic dysentery entamoeba entender to make tender or weaken intender enthral to reduce to the condition of a thrall enthrall inthral inthrall enthrone to place on a throne inthrone entire whole; (noun) a whole intire entitle to give a title to intitle entomb to place in a tomb; to bury intomb entreat to ask for earnestly intreat entremes edible pastry sculpture served between main courses entremets entrench to make trenches in or upon intrench entrism the doctrine of joining a group to change its policies entryism entrist one who indulges in entrism entryist entrold a past participle of obscure meaning, possibly enrolled introld entropion the inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids entropium entrust to give over for safekeeping intrust entwine to twine around intwine entwist to twist into or together intwist 118 enure to accustom or habituate to inure enurement the act of enuring inurement enurn to put into an urn inurn enwall to inclose or fortify as with a wall inwall enwind to wind about; to encircle inwind enwreath to encircle with a wreath enwreathe inwreathe enzym a biological catalyst enzyme enzymatic of or like an enzyme enzymic eosin a red dye stuff eosine epacrid a member of an Australian genus of heath-like plants epacris eparchate the province or diocese of an eparch eparchy epaulet a shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers epaulette epeira a genus of spiders, including the common garden spider epeirid epha a Hebrew dry measure of about 23 litres ephah ephebe a young adult Greek ephebos ephebus ephedrin an alkaloid obtained from the plant ephedra and used in treating hay fever, asthma ephedrine etc epicedial of or relating to dirges or elegies epicedian epicenter the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus of an earthquake epicentre epiderm the outermost layer of the skin epidermis epidermal of or pertaining to the epidermis epidermic epigaeal growing or living close to the ground, with cotyledons above ground epigaean epigaeous epigeal epigean epigeic epigeous epigon an inferior imitator of a creative thinker or artist epigone 119 epigonus epinician celebrating a triumph epinikian epinicion an ode in honour of a victor or winner epinikion episodal pertaining to or contained in an episode episodial episodic epispore the outer layer of a spore wall exospore epitaxial relating to epitaxy, the growth of a thin layer of crystals on another crystal epitaxic so that they have the same structure epithem a group of water-secreting cells in some leaves epithema epithet an adjective or adjectival phrase; (verb) to apply an epithet to epitheton epizoan an animal that lives on the surface of another, esp as a parasite epizoon epoch a division of geologic time shorter than a period epocha eponymic of, relating to, or being the person for whom something is believed to be named eponymous equaliser a goal that equalises equalizer equimolal having an equal number of moles equimolar equinal relating to horses equine equivoke an ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations equivoque erecter one who erects erector erewhile some time ago, heretofore erewhiles eriach a blood-fine paid by a murderer in old Irish law eric erick eringo a plant of the genus Eryngium, sea holly, reputed to be an aphrodisiac eryngium eryngo eristic pertaining to dispute, argument or controversy; (noun) a disputant eristical ermelin ermine ermine erodable that can be eroded erodible erosible erotema a rhetorical question eroteme erotesis erratic wandering; (noun) a boulder carried far from its origin by glacial action 120 erratical eruct to belch eructate ervalenta lentil-meal revalenta es the letter S ess escalade to scale the walls of a fortress by ladders escalado scalade scalado escallop a kind of shell; (verb) to indent like an escallop scallop scollop escape to get away scape escar a long narrow ridge of gravel deposited by a glacial stream eskar esker eschalot an onion with garlic-flavoured bulbs shallot shalot escheat the reversion of property to the state or crown in case of no legal heirs; property excheat that has reverted to the crown; (verb) to make an escheat of escrol a scroll escroll escuage the tax on a knight's fee scutage scuchin a shield bearing a coat-of-arms scutcheon espousal a marriage ceremony spousal espouse to betroth, marry spouse espresso a form of coffee-making machine; coffee made with this expresso essoin the giving of an excuse for not appearing in court essoyne essonite cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet hessonite establish to settle or fix stablish esteem to have a high opinion of steem estoile a six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet etoile estover a common right to collect firewood stover estral relating to estrum oestral stramacon a downward cut in fencing 121 stramazon estrich an ostrich estridge ostrich oystrige estrin an estrogen estrone oestrin oestrone estriol an estrogen oestriol estrogen a female sex-hormone oestrogen estrous pertaining to estrus, a period of sexual excitement and ovulation in animals estrual estrum a period of sexual excitement and ovulation in animals estrus oestrum oestrus estuarial relating to estuaries estuarian estuarine esurience greed, gluttony esuriency etamin a loosely woven open-mesh cotton or worsted fabric etamine etatism extreme state control over the individual etatisme eten a giant ettin eternal everlasting; (noun) something lasting forever eterne ethene an oil-forming gas, hydrogen combined with carbon ethylene etheriser one who etherises etherizer ethic relating to morals; (noun) a body of moral principles ethical ethinyl a univalent chemical radical ethynyl ethmoid of or like a sieve; (noun) a light spongy bone between superior nasal cavity orbits ethmoidal ethoxy a univalent chemical radical ethoxyl etourdi foolish, thoughtless (of a male) etourdie etui a small ornamental case for holding eg needles etwee etypic unconformable to type etypical eucain a safer substitute for cocaine as a local anaesthetic 122 eucaine eucaryon the highly organised cell nucleus, surrounded by a membrane eukaryon eucaryot an organism whose cells have a eukaryon, a highly organised nucleus eucaryote eukaryot eukaryote euclidean related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid euclidian eudaemon a benevolent spirit eudaimon eudemon eugenic relating to genetic improvement of a race by judicious mating eugenical eugh a yew yew eughen made of yew-wood ewghen yewen euglena a photosynthesizing, motile protozoan euglenid euk an itch; (verb) to itch ewk yeuk youk yuck yuke eulachan the north Pacific candle-fish eulachon oolachan oolakan oulachon oulakan ulicon ulikon eumong an Australian acacia eumung euoi a cry expressing Bacchic frenzy evhoe evoe evohe euonymus a plant of the spindle-tree and burning bush genus Euonymus evonymus euouae a Gregorian cadence evovae eupepsia good digestion, absence of indigestion eupepsy euphonia an agreeable sound; a pleasing, easy pronunciation euphony euphoria an exaggerated feeling of wellbeing euphory 123 euphrasia eyebright, a plant once used to treat disorders of the eyes euphrasy euphroe the wooden block through which the lines of a crowfoot are rove uphroe eupnea normal breathing eupnoea eureka the exclamation attributed to Archimedes, meaning I have found it!; (noun) a brilliant heureka discovery eurhythmy rhythmical movement or order eurythmy eurokous of an organism, able to live under different conditions euryokous euroky the ability of an organism to live under various conditions euryoky eustacy a uniform global change in sea level eustasy eutaxia the property of being easily melted eutexia euthanase to subject to euthanasia euthanaze evacuate to remove from a dangerous area vacuate evadable that may be evaded evadible evasible evaluator one who evaluates valuator evangel good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel evangely evanish to vanish, die away vanish ewe a female sheep yowe exacter one who exacts exactor examplar an exemplar exemplar exanthem a skin eruption, especially accompanied by fever exanthema excambion in Scots law, exchange of lands excambium excerpter one who makes excerpts excerptor exedra a semicircular bench beside an episcopal throne; an outdoor bench or recess exhedra exeem to release or exempt exeme exegete one versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation exegetist exhalant something which is exhaled exhalent 124 exhibiter one who exhibits exhibitor exhumate to dig out of the earth exhume exigence pressing necessity exigency exile banishment; (verb) to banish from one's own country exul exilian pertaining to exile or banishment, esp to that of the Jews in Babylon exilic exine the tough outer wall of a pollen grain extine exogamic relating to exogamy exogamous exomion an exomis, a one-sleeved or (in Rome) sleeveless garment exomis exopod the outer branch of a crustacean limb exopodite exorciser one who exorcises exorcizer exosmose osmosis outwards, i.e. away from the solution exosmosis expander a type of transducer, an electronic device transmitting received energy in a expandor different form expediter one who expedites expeditor expellant tending to expel; (noun) something that expels expellent extense extensive extensive extern an officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp, one who externe cares for the out-patients extol to praise extoll extorsive relating to or practising extortion extortive extravert to turn outwards extrovert extrorsal facing outward, away from the axis extrorse exultance exultation exultancy eyas a young hawk taken from the nest for training eyass nyas eyelet a small eye or hole to receive a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, etc; (verb) oillet to make eyelets in factice vulcanized oil, used as substitute for rubber factis faecal relating to faeces fecal 125 faeces excrement feces faerie the world of fairies, fairyland faery faggot a bundle of sticks; (verb) to tie together in a faggot fagot faggoting a kind of embroidery in which some of the cross-threads are drawn together in fagoting the middle faggoty homosexual faggy fa a musical note, as in sol-fa fah fahlerz an ore of copper fahlore faible the part of a foil blade between the middle and the point foible faience glazed coloured earthenware fayence fain happy; inclined; pleased; (verb, Spenser) to feign faine fayne feign faineance doing nothing, being a mere puppet faineancy fair just; pleasant to look at; (verb) to make fair fayre faither father father faitor an impostor faitour fakeer a Hindu ascetic fakir faqir faquir falafel a deep-fried ball of ground chick-peas felafel falcate resembling a sickle falcated falchion a broad curved sword fauchion fauchon faulchion falderal nonsense; a meaningless refrain of a song; (verb) to sing meanignless songs falderol folderol faltboat a collapsible boat of rubberized sailcloth foldboat fanega a dry measure in Spain and Spanish America fanegada fanga fang an animal's tooth; (verb) (Shakesp.) to seize in the teeth 126 phang fannel a narrow strip of material worn on the left sleeve by a priest fannell fano a liturgical cape worn by the Pope when celebrating a solemn pontifical mass fanon fanum fantad a state of fidgetiness, uneasiness, or unreasonableness fantod fantasia a musical or other composition not governed by the ordinary rules of form fantasie fantasm an airy or insubstantial figure, an apparition, a spectre phantasm fantasmal like a fantasm fantasmic fantasy fancy, imagination; (verb) to imagine phantasy fanteeg anxiety, agitation fantigue far distant; (adv.) a long way; (verb) to remove to a distance faur faradaic produced by or associated with electrical induction faradic faradiser one who faradises, stimulates by induced currents faradizer farand having a certain manner or humour farrand farrant farcemeat meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone, or used as a stuffing forcemeat farcer a writer of farces farceur farci stuffed, as with ground meat farcie farcin a disease of horses farcy farden a farthing farding farfal grains of dough used as a soup garnish farfel farina a fine flour or meal made from cereal grains farinha farl the quarter of a round cake of flour or oatmeal farle farthel farm a tract of land devoted to agriculture; (verb) to manage and cultivate as a farm ferm fasciate exhibiting a flattened ribbon-like structure fasciated fascicle a bundle; a division of book published in parts fascicule fasciitis inflammation of the fascia of a muscle 127 fascitis fasciola a band of colour fasciole fatidic of or relating to prophesy fatidical fatigate to fatigue fatigue fatuitous stupid, fatuous fatuous fatwa an Islamic religious decree; (verb) to issue a fatwa fatwah fetwa fault a failing or weakness of character; (verb) to criticize faut faunula the fauna of a small single environment faunule favel light-brown, chestnut favell favela in Brazil, a shanty-town favella favor a favour; (verb) to favour favour favorer one who favors favourer favorite favourite favourite fay whimsical; (noun) a fairy; (verb) to clean out esp a ditch fey faze to worry, perturb fease feaze feese feeze pheese pheeze phese feare a companion or mate fere fiere pheer pheere feateous shapely, well-made featous featuous febricula a slight short fever febricule fecht to fight fight fecial in ancient Rome, a member of a group of priests who acted as heralds and performed fetial the rites connected with the declaration of war and conclusion of peace fetialis 128 feckin fucking fecking feculence the state of being feculent feculency fedarie a confederate federarie federary foedarie feer to draw the first furrow in ploughing furr feerin a first guiding furrow feering fegary vagary, wandering vagary feh a Hebrew letter pe peh fehm a mediaeval German court vehm fehmic pertaining to a fehm, a mediaeval German court vehmic vehmique feist a small dog fice fyce feldschar in Russia and Eastern Europe, a partly trained doctor, or one who assists a doctor feldscher on the battlefield feldsher feldspar a common rock-forming mineral feldspath felspar fellatio oral stimulation of the penis fellation felloe the outer edge of a wheel, the rim of a tire felly felsic consisting of a fine patchy mosaic of quartz and feldspar felsitic felsite a fine-grained rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase felstone feldspar with occasional grains of quartz femal a female female femetary fumitory femiter fenitar fumitory femineity womanliness, femininity feminity fenagle to obtain by guile or swindling finagle feni an alcoholic spirit produced in Goa from coconuts or cashew nuts fenny 129 feodal relating to feuds or fiefs feudal feodary one holding lands or power by a feudal tenure feudary feudatory feoffer one who enfeoffs or grants a fee feoffor feralised run wild following domestication feralized fermenter an agent that causes fermentation fermentor ferninst right opposite to in location foreanent fornenst fornent ferrel a band placed around the end of a stick (as a pool cue) for reinforcement; (verb) ferrule to strike with a ferrel ferula ferule verrel fervor heat, vehemence, ardour fervour fess a horizontal band over the middle of an escutcheon; (verb) to confess fesse festilogy a treatise on ecclesiastical festivals festology fet to fetch fetch fett feta a white sheep or goat cheese popular in Greece fetta fetal relating to a foetus foetal fetation the formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy foetation fetich an object believed to procure for its owner the services of a spirit lodged within fetiche it fetish fetichism devotion to or reverence for a fetish or fetishes fetishism fetichist one who worships a fetish fetishist feticide the killing of a fetus foeticide fetid stinking, having a strong offensive smell foetid fetor an offensive odor, a stench foetor fettucine a pasta made in long ribbons fettucini fetus the young animal in the egg or in the womb, after its parts are distinctly formed 130 foetus feuar in law, the owner of a property in fee simple fiar feutre a spear-rest; (verb) to set a spear in a rest fewter fewmet the dung of deer, hares etc fumet fumette fiber a filament or thread-like cell of animal, vegetable or mineral origin fibre fibered having fibers fibred fiberfill synthetic fibres used as a filling material fibrefill fiberless having no fibers fibreless fico a fig, a gesture of contempt figo fie an interjection denoting disapproval; (adj.) whimsical, fey fy figurant a ballet-dancer, one of those who form a background for the solo dancer figurante fike to fidget restlessly fyke fikish fidgety fiky filabeg the kilt filibeg fillibeg philabeg philibeg phillabeg phillibeg filacer formerly, an officer who filed writs filazer filagree a kind of ornamental metallic lacework; (verb) to execute this lacework filigrain filigrane filigree fillagree filaria a parasitic worm filariid filarial relating to a filaria, a parasitic worm filarian filberd a kind of hazel-nut filbert file any contrivance for keeping papers in order; (verb) to arrange in order for future fyle reference filemot dead-leaf colour; dull brown philamot philomot 131 filet undercut of beef, tenderloin; (verb) to cut into slices fillet filfot a form of cross like a swastika fylfot fillester a rabbet plane used in making window sashes fillister fillipeen a game in which each of two players eats a twin kernel of a nut philopena fillo very thin pastry dough filo phyllo finable liable or subject to a fine; as, a finable person or offense fineable finaliser one who finalises finalizer finfish a finback whale finner fingan the handleless coffee cup which fits within a zarf finjan finical particular about unimportant matters finickety finickin finicking finicky finikin finiking finnicky finmark a monetary unit of Finland finnmark finnac a young seatrout finnack finnock phinnock finnesko a reindeer-skin boot with the hair on finnsko finsko finnochio a dwarf variety of fennel finocchio finochio fiord a coastal valley which was sculpted by glacial action fjord fippence fivepence, a coin worth five pence fivepence firring strips of wood to provide a level surface or air space furring fisc the state treasury; the public revenue fisk fisgig a giddy girl, a firework of damp powder fishgig fizgig fizzgig 132 fisnomie physiognomy phisnomy visnomie visnomy fissiped with digits separate; (noun) a fissiped animal fissipede fistic facetious for pugilistic fistical fistular hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed fistulate fistulose fistulous fitche of a cross, having a pointed shaft fitchee fitchy fitchet a polecat; its fur fitchew fitt a division of a poem fitte fytte fixatif a fixing agent fixative fiz to make a hissing or sputtering sound fizz fizzen physical energy or strength foison fushion fusion flacker to flutter flaffer flagpole a pole for displaying a flag flagstaff flagstick flagrance a burning; notoriety flagrancy flakey in flakes; crazy, eccentric flaky flambe to douse (eg a pancake) with a liqueur and ignite flambee flamm a custard flan flaune flawn flanch a kind of subordinary, formed by a curved line at the side of a shield; (verb) to flaunch spread out; slope outwards towards the top flannie a shirt made of flannel or flannelette flanny flatling with a flat side or edge flatlings flatlong flatwash laundry that can be ironed mechanically 133 flatwork flautist a performer on the flute fluter flutist flavanol a derivative of flavone flavonol flavin a yellow dye made from the bark of the dyer's oak flavine flavor taste; (verb) to flavour flavour flavory full of flavor flavoury flection the act of bending, or state of being bent flexion fleet swift; (noun) an assemblage of ships; (verb) to move swiftly flitt fleg to frighten fley fleishig made of meat or meat products fleishik flench to strip a whale of its blubber flense flencher one whose job it is to strip a whale of its blubber flenser fleuret an ornament in the shape of a small flower fleurette flexible capable of being bent flexile flexitime a system that allows flexible working hours flextime flexuose full of windings and turnings flexuous flite to quarrel, brawl flyte floatage buoyancy; anything which floats; flotsam flotage floatel a platform or boat containing the sleeping quarters for workers on an oil-rig flotel floccule a small tuft, flock or flake flocculus flooey awry flooie floosie a young woman of doubtful sexual morals floosy floozie floozy flossie floreated decorated with a floral ornament floriated florula the flora of a single small environment florule 134 flouse to splash floush fluellen a weedy annual related to toadflax fluellin fluence fluency fluency fluerics the science or technology of using a flow of liquid gas for certain operations fluidics in place of a flow of electrons flugelman a leader (esp political); the lead soldier for a company fugleman fluidiser an apparatus in which fluidisation is carried out fluidizer flukey successful by accident fluky flunkey a contemptuous name for a liveried servant or a footman flunkie flunky fluor a mineral, calcium fluoride fluorite fluorspar fluorid a compound of fluorine with another element or radical fluoride fluorin a chemical element, no. 9, a greenish-yellow gas fluorine flutey like a flute in tone fluty fob to put off fub focimeter an instrument for measuring the focal length of a lens focometer foehn a hot dry wind that blows down Alpine valleys fohn foen old plural of foe, an enemy fone fogey a very conservative person fogie fogy fogeydom the state of being a fogey fogydom fogeyish like a fogey, very conservative fogyish fogeyism the ideas or conditions of a fogey fogyism fogger a person who sets railway fog-signals fogman foh an expression of disgust phoh foil a light slender flexible sword tipped by a button and usually having a bell-shaped foyle guard; (verb) to frustrate foin to thrust with a sword or spear foyne 135 foliolate composed of or relating to leaflets foliolose foliose leafy, leaf-like folious folkie a lover of folk music, a folk musician folky folkmoot an assembly of the people among the Old English folkmot folkmote fomes a substance capable of carrying infection, such as woolen clothes fomite fondu a snack of melted cheese fondue foobar fucked up beyond all repair fubar foodie one addicted to food foody foosball table football fusball fussball footboy a page, an attendant footpage footra a worthless fellow foutra footsie flirtation involving the touching together of feet footsy foray a raid, a venture; (verb) to make a raid forray forbidal the act of forbidding forbiddal forbode to prognosticate or foretell forebode forby besides forbye foreby forebye fordo to destroy, to utterly exhaust foredo forefend to fend off; to avert forfend forehent to overtake, to seize forhent foreign situated outside a place or country forren forejudge to deprive of a right etc. by judgment forjudge forelend to grant or resign beforehand forlend foreshew to show or exhibit beforehand foreshow foreslack to become slack or neglectful 136 forslack foreslow to delay, put off forsloe forslow forespeak to speak against forspeak forespend to wear out physically forspend forestal of or pertaining to forests foresteal forestial forhoo to desert or abandon forhooie forhow forlana a Venetian dance in 6-4 time furlana forpet a fourth part (now of a peck measure) forpit forrad forward forrit forward foreswear to renounce forswear forswonck overworked forswunk forzando forced, with special emphasis or sudden loudness; (noun) a note played forzando forzato sforzando sforzato foss a ditch or moat fosse fossa a depression, such as that in which the nostril is located (Malagasy) a red-brown foussa catlike viverrid mammal of Madagascar fouat the house-leek fouet fougade a small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged fougasse with explosive and projectiles foulmart a polecat foumart fourplay the supply to a customer by one provider of television, internet, and both fixed-line quadplay and mobile telephony fouter a worthless fellow; (verb) to mess around aimlessly foutre fouth abundance fowth foveate pitted foveated foveola a small depression foveole foveolet fractur a German style of black letter, the normal type used for printing German from 137 fraktur the 16th to the mid 20th cent frae from thrae fraenum a connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; as, the frenum frenum of the tongue fragrance pleasantness of smell; (verb) to perfume with a fragrance fragrancy frailtee frailty frailty fraim foreign, strange; (noun) a stranger fremd fremit framable that can be framed frameable frampal peevish, intractable frampold frankfort a small smoked sausage frankfurt frappe of coffee etc., iced, artificially cooled; (noun) an iced drink frappee fratchety quarrelsome fratching fratchy fratery a fraternity; a convent of friars fratry freebee a free gift, something supplied free of charge freebie freet an omen freit freety superstitious freity frenetic frantic; (noun, arch.) a madman phrenetic phrentick frenzy a frantic state; (verb) to make frantic phrensy frescoer one who paints frescos frescoist fricadel a fried ball of mincemeat frikkadel fricht fright; (verb) to frighten fright frier a pan or container for frying fryer frigate a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line frigot frijol the kidney bean frijole fripper one who deals in frippery or in old clothes fripperer fris the quick dance movement of a Hungarian csardas 138 friska frisette a fringe of curls on the forehead frizette frit mixed materials for making glass; (verb) to fuse into a vitreous substance fritt frivoler one who frivols frivoller friz to fry with a sizzling noise frizz frizer one who frizzes frizzer froglet a little frog frogling fromenty food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc frumenty furmenty furmety furmity fronton a pediment frontoon frore frozen froren frorn frorne frory froughy musty, rancid frowie frowy frouzy fusty, stuffy frowsty frowsy frowzy frow a woman, goodwife vrou vrouw vrow fruict fruit fruit fubby chubby and somewhat squat fubsy fuchsin an aniline dye fuchsine fucoid relating to seaweed; (noun) a seaweed of the genus Fucus fucoidal fuehrer a leader fuhrer fueler one who fuels fueller fulfil to bring to completion fulfill fulgor dazzling brightness; splendor 139 fulgour fulgorous flashing like lightning fulgurous fulham a loaded dice fullam fullan fullness the state of being full fulness fulvid dull yellow; tawny fulvous fum a fabulous bird fung fumarole a hole in a volcanic region from which hot gases and vapors issue fumerole funckia any plant of an E. Asiatic genus allied to the day lilies now called Hosta funkia fundie a member of the radical wing of the German Green party fundy funebral of or pertaining to a funeral funebrial fungoid of or like fungus; (noun) a fungus fungoidal fungous fural a liquid obtained by heating bran with dilute sulphuric acid furfural furfurol furfurole furol furole furan a colourless liquid obtained from wood-tar and used in tanning furane furfuran furcula the jointed clavicles of a bird, aka wishbone furculum furder further further furor an outburst of public indignation furore fusarol an astragal moulding, a semicircular moulding round a column, etc fusarole fusc of a brownish-gray color; dusky fuscous fusee a match with a long oval head for outdoor use fuzee fusil a type of flintlock musket fuzil fusileer formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil, now simply a historical title borne by fusilier a few regiments fustet the wood of a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow fustic fustoc 140 futharc the runic alphabet futhark futhorc futhork gabardine a closely woven twill fabric; a coat of this material gaberdine gabbard a kind of barge gabbart gabnash chatter, prattle nashgab gaddi the cushioned throne of an Indian ruler gadi gade a miner's wedge gaid gadgie a fellow gadje gaudgie gauje gadid a member of the cod family gadoid gadjo a non-gypsy gajo gorgio gadroon an embossed bead-like decoration used on silverware etc godroon gadso an interjection of surprise godso odso gadzooks a mild oath odzooks zooks gae to go go gager one who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of gauger casks gaiety festive activity gayety gaillard brisk, lively gaillarde gair a gore (in cloth or land) gore gairfowl the great auk; also, the razorbill garefowl gaitt a child geit gyte galage an overshoe galoche galosh galoshe golosh 141 goloshe galanga the aromatic rootstock of certain E. Indian plants of the ginger family galangal galengale galingale galavant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan galivant gallivant galeate helmet-shaped galeated galena an ore of lead galenite galiot a small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean galliot galleass a large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns galliass gallnut a round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak nutgall tree galloot a noisy fellow, a rowdy galoot gallopade a lively ballroom dance in 2/4 time; a piece of music for this dance; (verb) to galopade dance a gallopade gallumph to move with a clumsy heavy tread galumph galravage a noisy frolic; (verb) to behave riotously gilravage galut the forced exile of Jews, the diaspora galuth galyac a soft glossy fur from a stillborn lamb or kid galyak gamahuche to practise cunnilingus or fellatio gamaruche gamash a kind of legging gramash gramoche gamb a beast's whole leg gambe gambade a bound or spring of a horse gambado gambet the redshank gambetta gambia the inspissated juice of a plant growing in Malacca, used for tanning and dyeing gambier gambir gambogian pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge gambogic gametal of or like a gamete gametic gamey tasting like game gamy gaminess the condition of being gamy 142 gamyness gammadion a figure comprised of capital gammas; a swastika gammation ganch impaling apparatus; (verb, obs.) to execute by impaling on stakes or hooks gaunch ganef a thief ganev ganof gonef gonif goniff gonof gonoph ganglial of or like a ganglion gangliar gangling loose-built, lanky gangly ganister a flint-like rock used for lining Bessemer converters and for surfacing roads gannister ganja a resinous form of marijuana ganjah ganoin the hard shiny substance resembling enamel which forms the outer layer of ganoid ganoine fish-scales gantelope an armoured glove gantlet gantlope gauntlet gantry a frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere gauntree gauntry gaol prison; (verb) to imprison jail gaolbird an inveterate convict jailbird gaolbreak an escape from gaol jailbreak gaoler a jailer jailer jailor gaoleress a female gaoler jaileress jailoress gaolless without a gaol jailless gapo in Peru, a riverside forest periodically flooded igapo gar to compel garre garagist a garage proprietor or owner garagiste garbagey like garbage 143 garbagy garbe a (heraldic) sheaf of wheat gerbe gardant having the face turned towards the viewer; (noun) a protector guardant gardyloo a warning cry given when throwing slops from the window into the street; (noun) the jordeloo slops so thrown garfish any of various fishes with slender bodies and long spearlike snouts, aka needlefish garpike gargoyle a carved face on a church to keep away evil spirits gurgoyle garial an Indian crocodile with a long snout gavial gharial garigue an uncultivated open scrubland of the Mediterranean region garrigue garish glaring; (verb, obs.) to heal guarish garjan a thin balsam or wood oil derived from an East Indian tree gurjun garland a wreath of flowers or leaves; (verb) to crown with a garland girlond garote a device for strangulation; (verb) to strangle garotte garrote garrotte garran a small type of horse garron garvie a sprat garvock gasahol a mixture of 8 or 9 parts petrol and 1 or 2 parts alcohol, used as a fuel gasohol gasalier a chandelier arranged to burn gas gaselier gasolier gasogene an apparatus for carbonating water gazogene gasolene orig., a petroleum distillate used for heating and lighting; now usually petrol gasoline gastfull terrifying; full of fear ghastful gastness dread gastnesse ghastness gastraea a hypothetical ancestor of the Metazoa, sponges etc gastrea gate a movable barrier; (verb) to supply with a gate yate yett gater an alligator gator 144 gaucie portly, jolly gaucy gawcy gawsie gawsy gaud a trick or practical joke; (verb, obs.) to make merry gawd gaufer a waffle with a pattern of crossed lines gaufre gofer gauffer an iron for making pleats or ripples in material; (verb) to make pleats with such goffer an iron gaum to smear, daub gorm gaumless stupid; witless; vacant gormless gaup to stare and gape gawk gawp gorp gaupus a silly person gawpus gavot a kind of French country dance gavotte gayal an Indian domesticated ox gyal gazal a Persian verse-form ghazal ghazel gazillion an indefinitely large number kazillion gazon one of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks gazoon gazoo a musical instrument consisting of a tube that makes a humming sound when breathed gazooka into kazoo gealous jealous jealous gealousy jealousy gelosy jealousy gear any moving part or system of parts for transmitting motion; (verb) to provide with gere gears geare to jeer jeer gedact a flutelike organ stop gedeckt gee of horses, to urge on jee geegaw a toy; a bauble gewgaw 145 geez an interjection expressing consternation jeez gefilte as in gefilte fish, a dish of fish stuffed with various ingredients gefullte gelant a substance used to produce gelling gellant gelatin a colourless, odourless and tasteless glue prepared from albuminous matter eg gelatine bones and hides gelidity the state of being gelid gelidness gemini an interjection expressing surprise gemony jiminy jimminy gemman a gentleman gentleman gemmology the study of gems gemology gemot an Anglo-Saxon legislative assembly gemote gemsbok a S. African antelope, having long, sharp, nearly straight horns gemsbuck generic general; applicable to any of a group or class; (noun) a generic drug generical genet a small Spanish horse, a jenny donkey; an animal allied to the civet genette gennet jennet genetic relating to origins; relating to genes genetical genetrix a mother; a female ancestor genitrix genip a tropical American tree; its orange-like fruit genipap gennel a narrow alley between high buildings ginnel genny a large jib which overlaps the mainsail genoa genom the complete set of chromosomes of a particular organism genome genseng a plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine ginseng among the Chinese geo a gully or creek gio goe geoduck a large edible clam gweduc gweduck geogeny the science of the formation of the earth's crust geogony geologer a geologist 146 geologian geomancer one who practises geomancy geomant geophagia the practice of feeding on soil geophagy geranial an alcohol forming a constituent of many of the esters used in perfumery geraniol gerbil a desert rodent gerbille jerbil gerfalcon a heavy, powerful falcon of cold northerly regions gyrfalcon jerfalcon gerle a girl girl germain a germ, shoot germaine germen germin gerne to grin or gape girn gurn geropiga a sweet fortified wine similar to port jerepigo gesneria a plant of a tropical American genus Gesneria gesneriad gessamine jasmine jasmin jasmine jessamine jessamy gesse to guess ghesse guess gest an exploit; a tale of adventure geste gestic of or relating to gesture gestical gestural getable that can be got gettable gharri in India, a wheeled vehicle for hire gharry ghat in India, a mountain pass; a landing stage; a place for cremation ghaut ghee clarified butter ghi gherkin a kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles girkin ghibli the name in Libya of the scirocco, a hot, dry, dusty wind gibli 147 ghilgai a saucer-shaped depression forming a natural reservoir gilgai ghillie a Highland chief's attendant; (verb) to act as a ghillie gillie gilly ghoul in Arabic mythology, a desert demon preying on travellers ghoulie ghubar as in ghubar numeral, any of a set of numerals forming the stage between ancient gobar Hindu numerals and present-day Arabic numerals giantism a tendency to abnormally large size gigantism gibber to utter senseless or inarticulate sounds jibber gibbose hump-backed, humped; (of a moon) between half and full gibbous giber one who gibes jiber giddap gee up giddup giddyap giddyup gidgee a small acacia tree whose foliage gives off an unpleasant odour gidjee gif if if giga a lively Italian dance gigue gigantean like a giant gigantic giglet a giddy girl, a wanton giglot gillet jillet gigot a leg of lamb jigot gilcup a buttercup giltcup gilden golden, gilded gylden gildhall a town hall guildhall gilgie a small freshwater crayfish, aka yabby jilgie gillflirt a wanton girl jillflirt gilpey a boisterous girl gilpy gimbal a contrivance with self-aligning bearings for keeping eg ship's instruments horizontal gymbal (verb) to support on a set of rings gimcrack cheap and showy; (noun) something cheap and showy, of little use jimcrack 148 gimmal a ring that can be divided into two or three rings gimmor gymmal gimmalled jointed, hinged, like a gimmal jymold gimme an easy golf putt conceded to an opponent gimmie gimp a yarn with a hard core; (verb) to make or furnish with this guimp gymp gingal a large Chinese or Indian swivel-musket gingall jingal jingall gingeley the sesame seed or its oil gingeli gingelli gingelly gingely gingili gingilli jinjili gingko a kind of tree ginkgo jingko gip to swindle gyp gipon a sleeveless jacket worn beneath a hauberk jupon gippo a gypsy gippy gyppie gyppo gyppy gipsen a gypsy gipsy gypsy gipsydom the world of gypsies gypsydom giraffine of or like a giraffe giraffoid girandola a branched chandelier or similar structure girandole girasol a fire-opal girasole girosol girlie a magazine showing scantily clad females girly giron two lines drawn from the edge of the escutcheon meeting at right angles in the gyron fesse-point gironic of or like a giron, two lines drawn from the edge of the escutcheon meeting at 149 gyronic right angles in the fesse-point gironny of a field, divided in a triangle pattern gyronny girsh a monetary unit of Saudi Arabia gursh qursh qurush girthline a gantline, a rope used in single-block hoist girtline gism energy, force; semen jism jissom gismo a device, a gadget gizmo gismology gadgetry, technology involving strange, baffling devices gizmology giust to tilt with lances joust just givable that can be given giveable gizz a wig jiz gju a type of violin formerly used in Shetland gu gue glabrate smooth, esp, having a surface without hairs or projections glabrous gladiola a lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; aka corn flag gladiole gladiolus glaiket giddy, foolish glaikit glair egg white used as medium for binding paint; (verb) to coat with this glaire glaive a broadsword gleave glamor allure, magnetism; (verb) to affect with a glamour, enchant glamour glebous cloddy, turfy gleby gled the common kite glede glee to squint gley glenoid slightly cupped; socket-shaped; (noun) a cup-shaped socket glenoidal glent a glint; (verb) to glint glint glia the supporting tissue of the brain and spinal cord neuroglia 150 gliadin one of a group of proteins found in wheat and rye, aka prolamine gliadine glid slippery gliddery gliff an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear glift gloam twilight, dusk gloaming globate having the form of a globe; spherical globated globose having a rounded form resembling that of a globe globous glottal of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis glottic glucinium a former name for beryllium glucinum glucose a hexose sugar, found eg in ripe fruit glycose glueyness the state of being gluey gluiness glutaeal relating to the glutaeus, any of the three large muscles of the buttock gluteal glute any of the three large muscles of the buttocks gluteus glycaemia excessive sugar in the blood glycemia glycaemic of or like glycaemia, excessive sugar in the blood glycemic glycerin a non-technical name for glycerol glycerine glycerol glycin the simplest amino acid, present in proteins, a sweetish colourless crystalline glycine solid first prepared from glue, formerly known as glycocoll glycolic pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as glycolic acid glycollic gnamma as in gnamma hole, an Australian term for a natural well in rock namma gnar to snarl or growl gnarr knar knaur knur knurr nur nurr gnarl to contort, twist, make knotted and rugged like an old tree knarl gnarly gnarled knarly gnathal of or relating to the jaws gnathic 151 gnomic signifying general truth; relating to aphorisms or proverbs gnomical goadsman a man who uses a goad goadster goal a pair of posts with a crossbar through or over which the ball is driven in some gole games; (verb) in Rugby, to convert a try into a goal goalward toward a goal goalwards goary gory gory goatweed an umbelliferous weed, long supposed to be good for gout goutweed goutwort gobbeline a goblin goblin gobiid a fish of the goby family gobioid gobonee denoting a pattern of heraldic line, the same as compony gobony goddam damned, accursed; (verb) to damn goddamn godhead divine nature or essence godhood godward toward God godwards goethite a hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals gothite goglet a porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation guglet gurglet goiter an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland goitre goldarn goddamned goldurn goldfinny one of two or more species of European labroid fishes goldsinny goldspink the goldfinch gowdspink gollan a name for various yellow flowers including marigold golland gowlan gowland gollar a loud inarticulate gurgling sound; (verb) to make this sound goller golliwog a grotesque black male doll; a grotesque person golliwogg gollywog goloshes overshoes goloshoes golp a purple roundel golpe 152 gombo a soup thickened with okra gombro gumbo gomeral a simpleton gomerel gomeril gomuti a Malayan palm tree, yielding a black fibre gomuto gonadal relating to the gonads gonadial gonadic gondelay a gondola gondola gonfalon a small flag or pennant immediately below the head of a knight's lance gonfanon good having suitable qualities; (noun) that which is morally or ethically right gude guid goodby a form of address at parting goodbye goodman master of the house, head of the home gudeman goodsire a grandfather gudesire gutcher goodwife the mistress of a household gudewife goodyear the devil, the plague, or the like (a meaningless imprecation) goodyears gool a marigold gule gooley a small stone; (pl.) testicles goolie gooly gooney the albatross goonie goony goor an unrefined cane sugar gur gooral an Indian goat antelope resembling the chamois goral goorie a mongrel, an extinct native dog goory kuri gooroo in Hinduism, a spiritual teacher guru goosegob a gooseberry goosegog goosey a goose, a blockhead goosy gopura in S. India, a pyramidal tower over the gateway of a temple 153 gopuram goramy a large freshwater food fish of Asia gourami gurami gorblimey an interjection expressing surprise; (noun) a kind of army flat cap gorblimy gorillian of or like a gorilla gorilline gorilloid gormand a greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder gourmand gaumy dauby, smeary gormy gorse any prickly papilionaceous shrub of the genus Ulex, with yellow flowers gosse gorsoon a boy or boy-servant gossoon gospeler one of the four evangelists gospeller gospoda a Russian title of address, equivalent to Mr gospodin gospodar a prince or governor, especially of Moldavia or Wallachia hospodar gossan decomposed rock, largely quartz impregnated with iron compounds, at the outcrop gozzan of a vein especially of metallic sulphides gossib a familiar friend, a gossip gossip gossiper one who gossips gossipper gouk a cuckoo; a fool, an April fool gowk gov governor guv gownman one whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer gownsman goyisch like a goy, non-Jew, Gentile goyish graal a dish, a platter grail grayle grabble to grope grubble grackle one of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridae grakle gradely decent; orderly graithly gradin anything like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like gradine graile gravel gravel gram a unit of mass in the metric system, formerly that of a cubic centimetre of water 154 gramme at 4°C, now a thousandth part of the International Prototype Kilogram grama a kind of pasture grass found in the Western United States gramma gramary magic, enchantment gramarye grandad grandfather granddad grandam a grandmother grandame grannam grandsir a grandfather grandsire grannie a grandmother; (verb) to inflict a heavy sporting defeat on, to whitewash granny granter the person by whom a grant or conveyance is made grantor granular consisting of or like grains or granules granulary granulose consisting of or like grains or granules granulous grapey made of or like grapes grapy graphic of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing graphical graplin a grapnel grapline gratine cooked or served au gratin gratinee gravadlax a Scandinavian dish of salmon with spices and salad gravlaks gravlax grayback any of various animals having a grey back, such as the grey whale greyback graybeard an old man greybeard grayhound a tall slender fast-moving dog of an ancient breed originally used for coursing greyhound graylag a species of wild goose greylag graywacke any coarse-grained, usually dark sandstone containing angular mineral and rock greywacke fragments in a fine-grained clayey matrix grazable that can be grazed grazeable greave armour covering the lower leg; (verb) to grieve greve grebo a devotee of heavy metal or grunge music, with unkempt hair and clothes greebo grece a flight of steps grees greese greesing 155 grese gressing griece gris grecian a flight of steps greece greegree an African talisman or spell grigri grisgris greet to address in a friendly and courteous way to weep greete grege of a grey-beige colour greige greisly grisly griesly grisely grisly grysely gremmie an inexperienced surfer gremmy gren to grin grin grew a greyhound; (verb) to shudder, to make the flesh creep grue gride to pierce, cut; to grate gryde griesie grey gryesy griesy grisly grysie griff a claw-shaped decoration at the base of a column griffe griffin an imaginary animal with a lion's body and an eagle's head gryfon gryphon grike a crevice in a limestone pavement gryke grill a grating, a gridiron; (verb) to broil on a gridiron grille grimalkin a cat; esp an old female cat malkin mawkin gripey like or having gripe gripy griple grasping gripple groan to utter a low, mournful sound grone groanful full of groans gronefull gromet a ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, 156 grommet a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag grummet groof the front of one's body, one's face grouf grufe groser a gooseberry grosert groset grossart groupie a follower of a pop group groupy groveler one who grovels groveller grrl as in riot grrl, a young woman who plays or enjoys an aggressively feminist style grrrl of punk rock music grudge an old cause of quarrel or resentment; (verb) to be unwilling to give or admit grutch grueler one that gruels grueller grumose clustered in grains at intervals grumous grumphie a pig grumphy grungey dirty, messy; unattractive grungy guaiac a S. American tree; the resin from this guaiacum guaiocum guanaco a S. American mammal, allied to the llama huanaco guanidin a strongly basic compound used in organic synthesis guanidine guanin a yellowish-white, amorphous substance, found in guano, liver, pancreas, and guanine other organs of animals, and germ cells of plants, forming a constituent of nucleic acids gub a white man; (verb) to strike on the mouth gubbah guck slimy, gooey muck gunk guerilla a member of an irregular force engaging in warfare or in the harassment of an guerrilla army guild an association of people of the same trade gyeld guilder a Dutch monetary unit, a silver coin worth about forty cents gulden guiler a deceiver guyler guisard a person in disguise; a masker; a mummer guiser guizer gullable easily deceived gullible 157 gulley a big knife; (verb) to wear a gully in gully gummose gumlike, or composed of gum gummous guqin a kind of Chinese zither with silken strings qin gurnard a fish with a large, bony-plated angular head and three finger-like walking rays gurnet in front of the pectoral fin gusla a one-stringed Balkan musical instrument gusle gusli gussie to put one's best clothes on gussy gutful one's fill, more than enough gutsful gutrot rough, cheap alcohol rotgut gutser a greedy person gutzer gwiniad a fish of N. Wales and northern Europe, aka powan, allied to the lake whitefish gwyniad gybe in sailing, to shift from side to side jibb jibe gymnasial relating to a gymnasium gymnasic gynae gynaecology gynie gyny gynaeceum the women's apartments in a household; any room or building set aside for women gynaecium esp in ancient Greece or Rome gynaecoid of or like a woman gynecoid gynecium the female organs (pistils) of a flower, taken collectively gynoecium gynney a guinea hen gynny haanepoot a kind of grape hanepoot honeypot habdalah a Jewish ceremony or prayer marking the close of a Sabbath havdalah havdoloh habitan a French native of Louisiana or Carolina habitant hackberry a genus of trees related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often hagberry edible, pulp hackbolt the greater shearwater hagbolt hagden hagdon 158 hagdown hackbut a harquebus; a matchlock gun invented in the 15th century hagbut hagbuteer one who uses a hagbut hagbutter hackle a comb for flax or hemp; (verb) to comb with a hackle hatchel heckle hacklet the kittiwake or shearwater haglet haddie the haddock haddock hadj a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca haj hajj hadjee a Muslim pilgrim to Mecca hadji haji hajji haem the pigment combined with protein in haemoglobin heme hemagog a drug that promotes the flow of blood hemagogue haemal pertaining to the blood haematal haemic hemal hematal hemic haematein a dark purple crystalline substance obtained from logwood and used as an indicator hematein and biological stain haematic relating to blood; (noun) a medicine for a blood disease hematic haematite an ore of iron hematite haematoid resembling blood hematoid haematoma a swelling composed of blood effused into tissues hematoma haemin the red, crystalline salt of haematin with hydrochloric acid hemin haemocoel the central body cavity of many invertebrates hemocoel haemocyte a blood cell, esp a red cell hemocyte haemoid pertaining to the blood hemoid haemostat an instrument for stopping bleeding hemostat haeres an heir heres 159 haet a small amount, a whit whit haffet the side of the head, the temple haffit hafflin a halfling halflin halfling haftara a Biblical selection haftarah haftorah haphtara haphtarah hagadist a scholar versed in the haggadah, the Pesach guidebook, used during Seder haggadist haggada the homiletic part of the Jewish scripture haggadah haick an oblong cloth worn by Arabs on head or body haik haique hyke haiduk a brigand, a guerilla warrior heyduck haimish homelike heimish hair a filament growing from the skin of an animal; (verb) to provide hair for; to free heare from hair hairbell a slender-stemmed plant with a hanging blue bell-shaped flower, the Scottish harebell bluebell hairdrier a device for drying hair hairdryer hairst harvest; (verb) to harvest harvest hairy covered with hair hearie hakeem a wise man; a physician, esp a Muslim hakim halacha the legal component of the Jewish oral tradition halakah halakha halakhah halachic relating to halacha, the legal component of the Jewish oral tradition halakhic halachist a practioner of Jewish religious law halakhist halal to slaughter according to Muslim law hallal halala a Saudi Arabian monetary unit halalah halavah a sweetmeat, orig. Turkish, containing sesame seeds, honey, nuts and saffron halva halvah 160 halberd a pike with an axe-head halbert haler a monetary unit of the Czech republic heller half one of two equal parts hauf halibut a large flatfish holibut halid a compound of a halogen with a metal or radical halide haloid halidom holiness, a holy place, esp in an oath halidome hollidam holydam holydame halimot an erroneous form of hall-moot, the court of a lord of the manor or of a guild halimote hallian a lout or lazy rascal hallion hallyon halliard a rope or tackle for hoisting and lowering sails halyard haulyard halloa a cry to urge on a chase or to call attention; (verb) to greet halloo hulloo halloumi a Greek meal of goat's cheese haloumi halm a strawy stem haulm halse to hail, greet hause hawse halser a large rope for mooring or towing a ship hawser hamada a desert plateau of bedrock hammada hamal in eastern countries, a porter hamaul hammal hamburg a patty of ground beef hamburger hame home; (verb) to home heame home hamewith homewards homeward homewards hammam an Oriental bathing establishment hummaum 161 hummum hamose hooked hamous hampster a small Eurasian rodent hamster hamulose bearing a small hook at the end hamulous hamza in Arabic, the sign used to represent the glottal stop hamzah hand the end of the forearm; (verb) to present with the hand hond handiwork work done by the hands or by direct personal agency handwork handywork handjar a Persian dagger hanjar khanjar handsel a gift made as a token of good wishes or luck especially at the beginning of hansel a new year; (verb) to give a handsel to hankie handkerchief hanky hansa a guild of merchants hanse hapten an incomplete antigen that cannot stimulate antibodies in vivo but can in vitro haptene haptic relating to the sense of touch haptical hapuka the groper hapuku haram a women's quarters in a Muslim house; a set of wives and concubines hareem harem harim haramda an illegitimate male haramzada haramdi an illegitimate female haramzadi harbor a refuge or shelter; (verb) to shelter harbour harborer one who, or that which, harbors harbourer hardihead hardihood, boldness hardihood hardiment hardoke an unidentified plant, perhaps burdock hordock harigalds viscera harigals hark to listen harken hearken 162 harkener one who harkens hearkener harmala the so-called African or Syrian rue, of the bean caper family harmel harmalin an alkaloid derived from Harmala seeds harmaline harmin harmine harper one who plays the harp harpist harpin a short rope harping harrumph to make a noise as of clearing the throat harumph harslet a pressed meat made from pig offal haslet hartbees a large S. African antelope hartbeest hartely heartily heartily harten to hearten hearten hartlesse heartless heartless hasheesh the leaves, shoots and resin of hemp, smoked as an intoxicant hashish hassel an argument hassle hastate spear-shaped hastated hatable capable of being, or deserving to be, hated hateable haterent hatred hatred haubois a large kind of strawberry hautbois haud to hold hold haught haughty, exalted hault haut hauriant with head up, as rising to the surface to breathe haurient haveour behaviour, demeanour havior haviour hawkbill a kind of sea turtle hawksbill hawkey harvest-home, the harvest supper horkey head the uppermost part of the body; (verb) to be chief of 163 heid headachey afflicted with a headache headachy headpeace a headpiece, helmet headpiece headward backwards beyond the original source headwards healsome wholesome holesom holesome wholesome heartpea the balloon vine heartseed heast behest, command heaste hest hebenon anything eg a plant or fruit with a poisonous juice hebona hectare a measure of area, 100 ares or 10000 square metres hektare hectogram a measure of weight, containing a hundred grams hektogram hederal crowned with a wreath of ivy hederated heeze to lift, raise hoist hegira the flight of Mohammed from Mecca hejira hejra hijra hijrah hegumen the head of a monastery hegumenos height the highest point heighth highth hejab a covering for a Muslim woman's head and face hijab heliac solar; coincident with that of the sun, or as nearly as could be observed heliacal heliozoan related to the Heliozoa, sun-animalcules, an order of Protozoa; (noun) a member of heliozoic the Heliozoa hellcat a spiteful or furious (esp female) person hellicat hellova hell of a helluva hellward in the direction of hell hellwards helpmate friend, companion helpmeet haematin a brown substance containing ferric iron obtained from dried blood 164 hematin hematine hemiopia a defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees only half of an object hemiopsia looked at hemiola in mediaeval music, a perfect fifth hemiolia hemione an Asiatic wild ass, the kiang or dziggetai hemionus hemipod the button quail hemipode hemolyse to break down red blood cells hemolyze hempie a rogue, a romp, a tomboy hempy hend to seize, grasp hent henequen mexican agave, its leaf-fibre, used for cordage henequin heniquen heniquin hepatic pertaining to or acting upon the liver; (noun) a medicine for the liver hepatical hepster one who is hep, streetwise hipster herbalist a person who practises herbalism herbist herbelet a small herb herblet herbose abounding with herbs herbous hercogamy the prevention of self-pollination in plants herkogamy herden a coarse fabric made from hards, the refuse of hemp hurden herdman one who looks after a herd herdsman hereaway hereabout hereaways heretrix a heiress heritrix herling a young seatrout, a finnock hirling herm a head of Hermes on a square stone post herma hernshaw a heron heronsew heronshaw herriment spoliation, plunder herryment herry to praise, regard as holy hery 165 herye hesitance wavering, doubt hesitancy hesitater one who hesitates hesitator hetaera a paramour; prostitute; concubine hetaira hetaerism concubinage; a system of communal marriage hetairism hetaerist an advocate of hetaerism, concubinage hetairist hether hither hither heuch a crag, a steep-sided valley heugh hexad a group of six hexade hexene a colorless, liquid hydrocarbon of the ethylene series hexylene heyday a time when vigour is at its climax heydey hicatee a West Indian freshwater tortoise hiccatee hiccough the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is spasmodically hiccup closed; (verb) to produce a hiccup hickey a gadget, a doo-dah hickie hidling in secret hidlings hidlins hie to hurry along hye highflier a bird that flies high; a high achiever highflyer hilding a mean cowardly person hylding hillfolk people living among the hills hillmen hilum the scar on a seed where it joined its stalk hilus hind the female of the red deer in or after its third year hynde hippen a baby's nappy wrapped around the hips hippin hipping hippie a nonconformist hippy hippiedom the world of the hippie hippydom hirable that can be hired hireable 166 hirage the fee for hiring something hireage hirstie dry, barren histie hiss to make a sibilant sound hizz histamin a base used in medicine obtained from ergot and present in all the tissues of histamine the body histidin an amino acid found in proteins histidine histioid resembling the normal tissues; as, histioid tumors histoid histrio an actor histrion hithe a port or small haven hythe hiveward in the direction of a hive hivewards hm an interjection expressing thoughtful consideration hmm ho an interjection calling attention; (noun) cessation; (verb) to stop hoa hoh hoactzin a S. American bird; the young have clawed wings hoatzin hoagie a long sandwich hoagy hoar grey, esp with age; (noun) hoariness, age; (verb, obs.) to cover with hoar hore hoard to gather and store away hoord hoarhound a kind of wild flower horehound hobodom the state of being a hobo hoboism hodad a non-surfer hodaddy hodden a coarse undyed homespun woollen cloth hoddin hodja an Eastern term of respect, a Muslim teacher or professor khodja khoja hodometer an instrument for measuring distance travelled odograph odometer hodometry the measurement of distance by use of a hodometer odometry hoe a tool for loosening the earth; (verb) to use a hoe hogh hogan strong liquor hogen 167 hogback an eroded, steeply tilted ridge of resistant rocks with equal slopes on the sides sowback hogg a yearling sheep hoggerel hogget hoggin sifted gravel hogging hogmanay new Year's Eve hogmane hogmenay hoick to hitch up, to jerk upwards hoik hoiden a hoyden; (verb) to act like a hoyden hoyden hokeyness being hokey, overdone, contrived, bogus hokiness holism the philosophical theory that a complex system is more than the sum of its parts wholism holist a believer in holism wholist holk to dig, burrow howk holler a yell to attract attention etc; (verb) to call out or yell to attract attention hollo hom a sacred plant of the ancient Persians homa homeobox of genes, that regulate the development of multicellular animals and plants homoeobox homeotic showing, depending on, or characterized by homeosis homoeotic homey home-loving; (noun) one who is home-loving homy homeyness being homey hominess hominian a man-like animal hominoid hommock a ridge in an ice field hummock hommos a Middle Eastern hors d'oeuvre of pureed chickpea and sesame oil hoummos houmous houmus hummus homuncle a little man; a manikin homuncule honeyed sweetened with or as with honey honied honkey a white man honkie honky honor honour; (verb) to honour 168 honour honoree one that receives an honour honouree honorer one who honors honourer hooch whisky or any strong liquor, esp if illicitly acquired hootch hooka a pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being hookah made to pass through water hoolachan a Highland reel, esp the reel of Tulloch hoolican hooley a boisterous party hoolie hooly hoopoe a medium-sized, short-legged perching bird of Africa and Eurasia, having a prominent hoopoo crest hoor a Scots and Irish form of whore; a difficult or unpleasant thing whore hoorah an exclamation of approbation or joy; (noun) a shout of hoorah; (verb) to shout hooray hooray hurra hurrah hurray hoosegow a prison, jail hoosgow hoot the note of an owl; (verb) to make a sound like an owl hout whoot hooven having hoove, a disease of cattle and sheep hoven hopbind the stalk of the hop hopbine hopper a container for grain hoppercar hobble to limp hopple hora an Israeli dance horah hormonal relating to hormones hormonic horsey like a horse horsy horson a whoreson whoreson horst a mass of the earth's crust that lies between two faults and is higher than the horste surrounding land hortative giving exhortation; advisory hortatory hosanna a shout of praise or adoration; (verb) to shout with praise and adoration hosannah hosteler a person who lives in or uses a hostel, esp a youth hostel 169 hosteller hostler an ostler, one who tends horses at an inn ostler hot very warm; (verb) to heat whot hottie a sexually attractive person hotty houdah a seat or covered pavilion on the back of an elephant or camel howdah houf a place where one is often found, a haunt; (verb) to haunt, frequent houff howf howff houngan a voodoo priest hungan hour sixty minutes howre housewife a married woman who looks after the house and family and does not have a paid huswife job howbe be it how it may howbeit howlback a condition resulting in a howling noise when recording from a mike howlround howlet a young owl owlet howso in what way soever howsoever hryvna the standard monetary unit of the Ukraine, divided into 100 kopiykas hryvnia hryvnya huarache a flat-heeled sandal huaracho hubbub a confused sound of many voices hubbuboo whoobub hubris overbearing pride hybris hubristic having hubris, overwhelming pride hybristic huck a durable fabric used for toweling; (verb) to force roughly huckle huge very large hugy hule a Central American rubber tree ule humaniser something or someone that humanises humanizer humect to moisten humectate humefy to moisten humify 170 humongous jocular for huge humungous humor humour; (verb) to humour humour hump a rounded protuberance; (verb) to arch into a hump humph hundreder an inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred hundredor hunkey a person of Hungarian descent hunkie hurlbat an ancient Roman boxing glove loaded with metal, aka cestus whirlbat whorlbat hurley a ball game similar to hockey hurling hurricane a violent tropical storm hurricano huzza a word used as a shout of joy or encouragement; (verb) to give a shout of huzza huzzah hyaena a carrion-feeding carnivore of the family Hyaenidae hyen hyena hyaenic of or like a hyaena hyenic hyenine hyenoid hybridism the state of being hybrid hybridity hydraemia an abnormally watery state of the blood hydremia hydrid any compound of hydrogen with another element hydride hydrolyse to subject to hydrolysis hydrolyze hydroma a swelling in the soft tissue that occurs over a joint, usually caused by repeating hygroma injury hydropic dropsical; thirsty hydroptic hydrops hydropsy hydropsy hydrosoma all the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and hydrosome reproductive zooids, and often other kinds hydrozoan any coelenterate of the class Hydrozoa, comprising organisms that are mostly hydrozoon marine and colonial with polyp and medusoid stages in the life cycle hygeist one skilled in hygiene; a hygienist hygieist hylicist one who holds the doctrine of hylism, materialism hylist hyloist hymenaeal of or relating to marriage hymenaean 171 hymeneal hymenean hymnist a person who composes hymns hymnodist hyoidal pertaining to the hyoid, a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue hyoidean hypethral roofless; open to the sky (usu. intentionally, so as to see the stars) upaithric hypnoid like sleep or hypnosis hypnoidal hypogaeal germinating with cotyledons underground hypogaean hypogeal hypogean hypogeous hypogaeum the underground part of building hypogeum hypogene formed or occurring beneath the surface of the earth, as opposed to epigene hypogenic hyponea dulled mental activity hyponoia hypopnea abnormally shallow breathing hypopnoea hypoxemia deficiency of oxygenation of the blood hypoxia iamb a poetic foot consisting of a short then a long syllable iambic iambus iatric relating to medicine or a physician iatrical ichnite a fossil footprint ichnolite ichthic resembling or relating to a fish ichthyic iconic like an icon iconical ictal relating to an ictus, a rhythmical or metrical stress ictic icteric relating to or suffering from jaundice; (noun) a remedy for jaundice icterical id the mind's instinctive unconscious energies; a fish of the carp family ide idealogue a doctrinaire adherent of an ideology ideologue idealogy a belief system ideology identic identical; spec. relating to a diplomatic action in which two or more governments identical agree to follow the same course in relations with another government idiocy the state of being an idiot idiotcy idiotic relating to or like an idiot 172 idiotical idolater one who worships idols idolator idoliser one who idolizes idolizer idyl a short description in verse or prose of a picturesque scene or incident, esp idyll in rustic life idylist one who writes idyls idyllist igloo a snow house iglu ignitable that can be ignited ignitible igniter someone who or something that ignites, eg an apparatus for firing an explosive ignitor or explosive mixture ignominy deep personal humiliation and disgrace ignomy ileac pertaining to the ileum, the anterior or superior bone of the pelvis ileal iliac ilial ileum the anterior or superior bone of the pelvis ilium ilk a type or kind ylke ilkaday every day, every day but Sunday ilkadays illipe the mahwa tree, producing illipe nuts and illipe oil illupi illogical not logical unlogical imam the officer who leads the devotions in a mosque imaum embalmer one that embalms imbalmer embosk to conceal with foliage imbosk imid a class of organic compounds formed from ammonia imide immanence the state of being immanent immanency immerge to immerse; to dip into water immerse immigrant a person who immigrates inmigrant imminence the quality of being imminent imminency immuniser something or someone that immunises immunizer imp a small devil; (verb) to engraft (a hawk) with new feathers ympe 173 impacter something that impacts eg an asteroid impactor impeller one who, or that which, impels impellor imperfect not perfect; (noun) a verb tense expressing ongoing action in the past unperfect impolitic not politic unpolitic imposter someone who assumes a false character or impersonates another impostor impotence lack of power impotency impresa a device with a motto imprese impresse impudence shameless boldness impudency impure not pure unpure imshi in old military slang, go away imshy inactive not active unactive inaidable that cannot be aided unaidable inapt unfit or unqualified inept unapt inasmuch in view of the fact that; to such a degree insomuch inby towards the interior, by the house inbye incenser a burner or offerer of incense incensor incenter the centre of an inscribed circle or sphere incentre incertain uncertain; doubtful uncertain incessant unceasing uncessant incivil discourteous uncivil incle a broad linen tape inkle inconie fine, delicate incony incorrupt not corrupt uncorrupt incurable that cannot be cured; (noun) one who cannot be cured uncurable incurious not curious 174 uncurious incurvate curved inward; (verb) to curve in incurve indamin any unstable organic base whose salts are blue or green dyes indamine indecent not decent undecent indenter one who indents indentor indevout not devout undevout indicter one who indicts indictor indigen one born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant indigene indigence poverty; the state of being needy indigency indocile not docile undocile indol a crystalline chemical compound, forming the basis of the indigo molecule indole indolence laziness indolency indorser one who indorses indorsor indraft a drawing in; an inward flow of air indraught indri a short-tailed lemur of Madagascar indris indulin any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or violet, and represented induline by aniline violet inedible not fit to be eaten unedible inedited not edited unedited inequable not equable unequable inerm without thorns inermous inexpert not expert; (noun) an unskilled person; a person who is not an expert unexpert infantile like an infant, childish infantine infecter one who infects infector inferable that can be inferred inferible infertile not fertile unfertile inflater something or someone that inflates inflator 175 inflicter one who inflicts inflictor influx a flowing in influxion ingleneuk an alcove by a large open fire inglenook ingram ignorant ingrum inhabiter one who inhabits inhabitor inhaul a rope or line for hauling in something inhauler inherence the state of inhering inherency inhibiter something or someone that inhibits inhibitor inhumate to bury in earth; to inter inhume inkhosi a traditional leader of a Zulu clan inkosi innervate to supply with nerves or a nervous stimulus innerve innocence the quality of being innocent innocency inoculant any material used in inoculation inoculum inornate not ornate unornate inosite a member of the vitamin B complex, occurring in plant and animal tissue inositol inrush the act of rushing in inrushing insanie insanity insanity insectan pertaining to insects insectean instal to set up and put into use install insurant one who is insured insured intarsia a form of decorative wood inlay work, developed in Italy tarsia intenable not tenable untenable interess an interest; (verb) to interest interesse interest intifada the uprising in 1987 and continued resistance by Palestinians to Israeli occupation intifadah of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of Jordan intifadeh intimacy the state of being closely associated 176 intimity intimist a painter of the school of intimism, a genre of French impressionist painting intimiste of the early 20th century intorsion a twist, a twine intortion intricate involved, complex intrince inveagle to entice; to wheedle inveigle invecked having or consisting of a borderline of small convex curves, like reverse engrailed invected inventer one who invents inventor inverter one who inverts invertor inviable not viable unviable invital not vital unvital invocate to call on, or for, in supplication invoke inward placed within; (adv.) moving towards the inside inwards enwrap to envelop inwrap inyala a kind of antelope nyala iodid a salt of hydriodic acid iodide iodin a chemical element iodine iodiser one that iodises, treats with iodine iodizer ionisable that can be ionised ionizable ioniser a device for ionising ionizer iridal relating to the iris of the eye iridial iridian iridic ironbark a species of Australian eucalyptus ironwood irredenta a region containing people ethnically related to the inhabitants of one State irridenta but politically subject to another isabel a dingy yellowish-grey or drab isabella isatin a substance obtained by oxidising indigo isatine ischaemia an inadequate flow of blood to part of the body ischemia 177 ischiadic of or pertaining to the ischium or hip ischial ischiatic isleman an islander, esp an inhabitant of the Hebrides islesman ismatic addicted to isms or faddish theories ismatical isna is not isnae isobar a line connecting points of same atmospheric pressure isobare isocheim a line connecting points of same average winter temperature isochime isochor a curve representing the variation of some quantity under conditions of constant isochore volume isochron a line connecting points of equal time difference isochrone isoclinal a line connecting points of same magnetic dip isoclinic isocrymal a line connecting points of equal temperature during the coldest time isocryme isodomon masonry of uniform blocks in course of equal heights, the vertical joints placed isodomum in the middle of the blocks below isodont having all the teeth similar in size and form; (noun) an isodont creature isodontal isoenzyme one of several variants of the same enzyme occurring within a single species isozyme isogamic relating to isogamy, the conjugation of two gametes of equal size and form isogamous isogeneic genetically similar or identical, eg in respect of grafts isogenic isogonal a line on a map connecting points of equal magnetic declination isogone isogonic isohyet a line drawn on a map connecting points that receive equal amounts of rainfall isohyetal isolog an organic compound with similar molecular structure to another but containing isologue different atoms of the same valency isomer a body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member isomere of an isomeric series isonomic having equal rights or privileges isonomous isopod any crustacean of the order Isopoda, that includes woodlice etc isopodan isopycnal a line on a map consisting points of equal atmospheric density isopycnic isostacy a condition of equilibrium in the earth's crust isostasy isotheral a line connecting points of the same average summer temperature isothere isthmic of or like an isthmus 178 isthmoid istle a fibre obtained from the agave ixtle itemiser one who itemises itemizer iterance repetition iteration iterant repeating; iterating iterative iure by right or law jure iwis certainly ywis izvestia news, information izvestiya jackaroo a newcomer gaining experience at a sheep-station; (verb) to work as a newcomer at jackeroo a sheep farm jackfruit an East Indian tree of the breadfruit family jak jakfruit jacksie the posterior, the anus jacksy jaxie jaxy jaeger a huntsman jager yager jag a sharp projection; (verb) to cut unevenly jagg jaggary a coarse dark sugar made from palm sap jagger jaggery jagghery jagra jaghir the government revenues of a tract of land assigned with power to administer jaghire jagir jalap the purgative root of a Mexican plant jalop jaloppy an old motor-car or aeroplane jalopy jalouse to suspect or surmise jealouse jamadar in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant jemadar in the English army jemidar jamb a piece of leg armour, a greave; (verb) to jam jambe jambeau jamber jambier 179 jambiya a Middle Eastern curved dagger with two edges jambiyah jambok a rhinoceros-hide whip; (verb) to beat with this sjambok jambolan the rose-apple tree of Malaysia jambolana jambool jambu jambul jampanee an Indian sedan chair bearer jampani janisary a soldier of the old Turkish footguards janissary janizar janizary janitress a female janitor janitrix jannock straightforward, honest; (noun) oaten bread jonnock jantee jaunty, sprightly janty jauntee jauntie jaunty jonty jap to splash or spatter jaup jararaca a venomous serpent of Brazil jararaka jargoneer a person who uses jargon jargonist jarool a deciduous tree of the purple loosestrife family jarul jarta heart, used as term of endearment in the Shetlands yarta yarto jarvey a hackney coach driver jarvie jasey a wig, orig. of worsted jasy jazy jasp jasper jasper jaspis jasperous of or like jasper jaspery jass jazz jazz jaunce a prance; a wearisome journey; (verb) to prance jaunse jawari indian millet, aka durra 180 jowar jowari jawbation a long, tedious rebuke or harangue jobation jay a bird of the crow family jaybird jazerant a coat of mail made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like jesserant jeat jet, the mineral jet jeel extreme cold; jelly; (verb) to set, jell jeelie jeely jehad in Islam, a holy war jihad jehadeen islamic freedom fighters jihadeen jehadi a person who takes part in a jehad, a holy war jihadi jehadism an Islamic fundamentalist movement that favours the pursuit of jehads in defence jihadism of the Islamic faith jehadist a believer in jehadism jihadist jenneting an early type of apple juneating jequerity the tropical shrub Indian liquorice jequirity jereed a wooden Oriental javelin jerid jerreed jerrid jerrican a kind of petrol-can jerrycan jess a strap of leather attached to the talons of a hawk, by which it is held on the jesse fist; (verb) to fasten such straps jesuitism subtle argument jesuitry jeton a piece of stamped metal used as a counter in card-playing jetton jetsam stuff thrown overboard to lighten the load in time of distress which sinks or jetsom is washed ashore jetson jetty like jet, black; (noun) a pier, a projecting part of a wall; (verb) to project, jutty jut out jeweler one who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments jeweller jewellery jewels in general jewelry jickajog to move with a rolling motion jigajig jigajog 181 jigjig jiff an instant jiffy jimmie a short crowbar used by burglars jimmy jimpson as in jimpson weed, a type of poisonous plant with white flowers and shiny fruits jimson jinne an exclamation expressive of surprise, admiration, shock, etc jirre jinriksha a small, two-wheeled hooded carriage drawn by a man or men ricksha rickshaw rikisha rikshaw jipijapa a palm-like tree of tropical America jipyapa jiujitsu a combat art jiujutsu jujitsu jujutsu jivey jazzy, lively jivy jo a loved one joe joannes an obsolete Portuguese gold coin, named from the figure of King John which it johannes bears jodel to sing or shout changing rapidly from normal to falsetto yodel yodle johnnie a condom johnny jokey full of jokes joky jokol yes carl yokul jole to bump, knock joll joule jowl jolleyer one who uses a jolley, a guide for fixing a pottery mould for plates jollyer joncanoe a boisterous West Indian dance junkanoo jook to duck or dodge jouk jookery trickery, roguery joukery joram a large drinking-bowl jorum jostle to run or strike against justle 182 jotun a giant (in Norse myth) jotunn joviality the state of being jovial jovialty jubilance jubilation jubilancy jubile a celebration jubilee judgement an act of judging judgment jumbie a ghost or evil spirit jumby juncate a junket junket junketeer one who junkets, feasts; (verb) to engage in junketeering junketer junketter junkie a narcotics addict junky junta a group, especially one made of military officers, ruling a country after a coup junto juridic relating to the administration of justice; pertaining to a judge juridical justicer a judge, magistrate justiciar jynx the wryneck yunx ka in ancient Egypt, an attendant spirit supposedly dwelling as a vital force in kae a man or statue; (verb) to serve, help cabbalist one who practices cabbalism kabbalist kabele a self-governing association found in towns in Ethiopia kebele kabeljou a large S. African fish kabeljouw kaccha short trousers worn by Sikhs kuccha kachina a doll representing rain-bringing Hopi ancestors katchina katcina kade a wingless fly that infests sheep ked kaffir a kind of cereal grass, sorghum kafir kaffiyah the cloth headgear worn by many Palestinians kaffiyeh keffiyah keffiyeh kufiyah kahikatea a tall New Zealand coniferous tree kahikatoa 183 kaiak a type of canoe; (verb) to travel by kaiak kayak kyak kaie a key key kaif a state of dreamy intoxication induced by eg cannabis keef kef kief kif kaik the South Island dialect word for kainga, a Maori village kaika kail a ninepin kayle kailyaird a cabbage patch, a kitchen garden kailyard kaleyard kaim a comb; a ridge or mound of sand and gravel deposited on or near a glacier kame kainit hydrous magnesium sulphate with potassium chloride, found in salt deposits, used kainite as a fertilizer kaiser an emperor keasar kesar kalamdan a Persian writing-case qalamdan kalooki a card game similar to rummy, using two packs of cards and two jokers kalookie kaluki kam crooked, awry kamme kamala the red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree used for dyeing silk kamela kamila kamees in S. Asia, a loose tunic, worn by women kameez kamokamo a kind of marrow found in New Zealand kumikumi kamseen the sirocco in Egypt, a hot southerly wind that usually blows from about March kamsin to May khamseen khamsin kanga a piece of cotton cloth wound round the body as a dress khanga kantela a kind of zither kantele kaolin a very pure white clay used to form the paste of porcelain; aka China clay kaoline kapa a kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper tapa mulberry tappa 184 kaput finished, done for kaputt karait a venomous snake of India krait karoo a high inland pastoral tableland karroo kasher permissible to eat under Jewish law; (verb) to make kasher kosher kashrus the laws of kosher-ness kashrut kashruth kat a shrub of E. Africa, Arabia, etc, or specif its leaves, chewed or taken as tea khat for their stimulant effect qat kathodal relating to a kathode, the positive terminal of a battery kathodic kaugh care, trouble kiaugh kauri a gum- and timber-yielding tree of New Zealand kaury kazachoc a Russian folk dance in which high kicks are performed from a squatting position kazachok kazatski kazatsky kazatzka keblah the direction of the place to which Muslims must turn for prayer, now the Kaaba kibla at Mecca kiblah qibla kecks the hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock kecksy keksye kex keddah an enclosure used for the capture of wild elephants kheda khedah keeler one employed in managing a Newcastle keel keelman keelhale to punish by dragging under the keel of a ship keelhaul keelivine a lead pencil keelyvine keelson a wooden or steel structure lengthwise within ship's frame to bear and distribute kelson stress keeno a gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with numbered balls or keno knobs quino keester backside, bottom keister keyster kiester 185 keeve a large tub kieve kefir fermented cow's milk kephir kegeler a bowler kegler keir a bleaching-vat kier keiren an 8-lap track cycling event in which the riders follow a motorcycle pacer for keirin the first 5 1/2 laps, sprinting the remaining 2 1/2 laps after the motorcycle has pulled off the track kelim a pileless woven rug traditionally made in the Middle East khilim kilim kellaut a robe of honour khalat khilat killut kelp a type of seaweed; (verb) to burn this kilp kelpie a water-horse, a fabulous beast kelpy keltie a bumper or glass filled to the brim, esp one imposed as a forfeit kelty kembo to set akimbo kimbo kentledge pig-iron used as ballast in ship's hold kintledge kermess in Europe, particularly in Belgium and Holland, an outdoor festival and fair; kermis in the United States, generally an indoor entertainment and fair combined kirmess kern an Irish foot-soldier; (verb) to granulate kerne kerosene a fuel oil, aka paraffin kerosine kgotla a Botswanan assembly lekgotla khaddar homespun cotton cloth khadi khalifa a caliph; a Senussi leader; the Mahdi's successor khalifah khansama a house-steward or butler in India khansamah khedival relating to a khedive, the title of the Viceroy of Egypt khedivial khotbah an address or public prayer read from the steps of the pulpit in Mohammedan mosques khotbeh khutbah khurta a loose-fitting Indian tunic kurta kiang a wild ass native to the Tibetan plateau, aka dziggetai 186 kyang kibbe a Syrian dish of ground meat and cracked wheat kibbeh kibbi kibbitz to offer unwanted advice kibitz kibbitzer one who offers unwanted advice kibitzer kibosh to finish off, ruin the chances of kybosh kickshaw a fancy dish, a delicacy; a trinket kickshaws kiddle a stake-fence set in a stream for catching fish kidel kidnapee one who is kidnapped kidnappee kidnaper one who kidnaps kidnapper kielbasa a smoked sausage kolbasi kolbassi kulbasa kierie a stick, club kirri kight a kite kite kiley a boomerang kylie killdee a bird of the plover family killdeer killick a small stone anchor in a wooden frame killock killie a small freshwater fish, used as bait killifish kilometer a thousand metres kilometre kiloton one thousand tons kilotonne kiltie a wearer of a kilt kilty kimchee a very spicy Korean dish made with a variety of raw vegetables kimchi kind disposed to do good to others; (noun) a sort or type; (verb, obs.) to beget kynd kynde kindie kindergarten, a nursery school kindy kindred a natural grouping kinred kine cattle a type of television tube kyne 187 kinetic relating to movement kinetical kinfolk people related to one kinsfolk kirkyaird a churchyard kirkyard kishka seasoned mashed potatoes in a casing kishke kismat fate, destiny kismet kissagram a service whereby a kiss is delivered eg on someone's birthday by a kissagram kissogram girl kithe to make known kythe kittul the jaggery palm; a fibre obtained from the leaf-stalks of this, used for making kitul ropes, brushes, etc klatch in N. America, a coffee party or other social function klatsch klick a kilometre klik klondike a very rich source of wealth; a card game, a kind of patience; (verb) to export klondyke (fish, esp mackerel or herring) while fresh, freq. to a foreign factory ship klondiker a factory-ship klondyker klooch a Native American woman, wife or squaw kloochman klootch kludge a botched or makeshift device; (verb) to botch kluge kludgey cobbled together kludgy knackish having a knack; cunning knacky knaidel in Jewish cooking, a dumpling kneidel knawe a cornfield weed of the chickweed family knawel knevell to pound with the nieves, the fists nevel knicker a clay marble; the round seed of a tree, used for playing marbles nickar knobble to pound with the fists knubble nubble knurl a small excrescence or protuberance; (verb) to make knurls on nurl knurling knurled work in wood-carving nulling koban an obsolete Japanese gold coin kobang obang 188 kolhoz a collective or co-operative farm in the former USSR kolkhos kolkhoz kolkoz kolinski a kind of northern Eurasian mink kolinsky kombu a kind of Japanese seaweed konbu konaki a farm vehicle with runners at the front and wheels at the rear koneke konimeter an instrument for measuring the amount of dust in the air koniscope koodoo a kind of antelope with long spiral horns kudu kookie with the qualities of a kook kooky koph the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet qoph kopje a low hill koppie korma an Indian dish, a mild curry qorma kotow the prostration made by mandarins and others to their superiors, either as homage kowtow or worship, by knocking the forehead on the ground; (verb) to perform a kotow kotower one who kotows kowtower koulan a wild ass inhabiting the plains of Central Asia, aka onager kulan koumis an intoxicating fermented or distilled liquor originally made by the Tartars koumiss from mare's or camel's milk koumys koumyss kumiss kumys kourbash a whip of hide; (verb) to flog with a kourbash kurbash krang the carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed kreng krans a crown of rock on a mountain-top krantz kranz kreplach small dough dumplings usually served in soup kreplech kumara the sweet potato kumera kunkar a concretionary limestone in India kunkur kvas an alcoholic drink of low strength made in Russia and E. Europe from cereals kvass and stale bread quass ky cattle 189 kye laager a defensive ring of ox-wagons; (verb) to arrange wagons in such a ring laer laari a monetary unit of the Maldives, 1/100th of a rufiyaa laree lari labda the Greek letter L lambda labdanum a gum resin gathered from certain Oriental species of Cistus ladanum labeler one who labels labeller labialism the quality of being labial labiality labiate of a corolla or calyx, two-lipped; (noun) a member of the Labiatae family of plants labiated labor toil, hard work; (verb) to work, toil labour laborer one who labors labourer laborism support for workers' rights labourism laborite one who supports workers' rights labourist labrid related to the wrasse genus of fish, of the family Labridae; (noun) a member of the labroid wrasse family laccolite a mass of igneous rock intruded between two sedimentary beds laccolith lacertian related to the lizard family; (noun) a member of the lizard family lacertine lacey of or like lace lacy lachrymal relating to tears; (noun) a gland that produces tears lacrimal lacrymal lacker a solution of film-forming substances in a volatile solvent; (verb) to coat with lacquer lacker lackey a footman or valet; a servile follower; (verb) to serve or attend as a lackey lacquey lacmus litmus litmus laconic of a person's speech, using few words, terse laconical lacrimoso plaintive lagrimoso lacteal pertaining to milk; (noun) a vessel conveying chyle from the intestines to the lactean thoracic ducts lacteous lacuna a gap, a hiatus lacune lacunal relating to a lacuna, a gap 190 lacunary lacunate lacunar a sunken panel or coffer in a ceiling lequear lade to load laden laid load loaden ladify to make like a lady ladyfy ladron a robber; a pirate; hence, loosely, a rogue or rascal ladrone latron ladykin a little lady lakin laesie lazy lazy laevigate to smooth, polish levigate laevo turning towards the left levo laevulin a polysaccharide occurring in the tubers of certain helianthus plants levulin laevulose the laevorotatory (and predominant naturally occurring) form of fructose levulose lagan cargo jettisoned from ship but marked by buoys for recovery lagend ligan laggen the angle between the side and bottom of a wooden dish laggin lagnappe a small gift given a customer by a merchant at the time of purchase; broadly, lagniappe something given or obtained gratuitously lagoon the stretch of water within an atoll or inside a barrier reef laguna lagune la a musical note lah laich low; a piece of low-lying ground; a hollow laigh laidly loathly laithly loathly laik to sport or play lake laith loth loath loth laldie a beating or thrashing laldy lallan lowland 191 lalland lawland lowland lallygag to spend time idly, aimlessly, or foolishly; to dawdle lollygag lamaserai a monastery or convent of lamas, in Tibet, Mongolia, etc lamasery lambast to beat severely lambaste lamed a Hebrew letter lamedh lameter a cripple lamiger lamiter lammiger laminar in layers or thin plates laminary laminose relating to lamina, a thin plate or layer laminous lamister a fugitive esp from the law lamster lammie a thick quilted jumper worn by sailors lammy lampas an inflammation and swelling of the soft parts of the roof of the mouth immediately lampasse behind the fore teeth in the horse lampers lampuka an edible Mediterranean fish lampuki lanate having or consisting of a woolly covering of hairs lanated lanose landdros in S. Africa, a district magistrate or sheriff landdrost landskip landscape; (verb) to landscape lantskip landward in the direction of land landwards lanely lonely lonely lang long long langrage a shot consisting of canister containing irregular pieces of iron, formerly used langrel to damage sails and rigging langridge langspel an old Shetland cithern langspiel langsyne long since; long ago langsynes languet a tongue-like appendage or outgrowth languette laniard a rope or line for fastening something in a ship 192 lanyard lanolin a fat from wool, a mixture of palmitate, oleate and stearate lanoline lantern a lamp or light in a case; (verb) to provide or light with lanterns lanthorn lapel part of a coat, jacket etc. folded back as a continuation of the collar lappel lapeled having lapels lapelled lapje a rag or piece of cloth lappie lapper to curdle, clot lopper lapsable liable to lapse lapsible lapstrake a clinker-built boat lapstreak larcener one who commits larceny larcenist lardon a strip of bacon used for larding lardoon largess a bestowal or distribution of gifts largesse larine of or pertaining to the gull family laroid larkish given to larking larksome larky larn to learn learn larvate masked, covered as with a mask larvated laryngal of or pertaining to the larynx; (noun) a sound articulated at the larynx laryngeal lasagna flat sheets of pasta; a dish made with this lasagne laserdisc a disc similar to a long-playing record on which data is stored by the use of laserdisk a laser lashings an abundance lashins lass a girl lassie lassock latence the state of being latent latency latewake an erroneous form of lykewake, a watch over a corpse lichwake likewake likewalk lykewake lykewalk 193 lathee an India, a heavy stick lathi latten metal in thin plates lattin lauch a laugh; (verb) to laugh laugh laura a group of huts or cells inhabited by reclusive monks in Egypt and the Middle lavra East lauwine an avalanche lawine lavalier a loosely-tied bow; a jewelled pendant lavaliere laverock a skylark; (verb) to catch larks lavrock lavolt a lively dance for couples in 3/4 time; (verb) to dance the lavolt lavolta volta lawk interjection expressing surprise lawks laylock lilac lilac lazaret a hospital treating infectious diseases lazarette lazaretto lea a meadow or pasture ley leachour a lecher lecher leafy full of leaves leavy leal loyal loyal lealty loyalty loyalty leam a gleam of light, a glow; (verb) to gleam, glow leme leaperous leprous leaporous leaprous leprous lear to teach leare leir lere leary cunning, wary leery leasow a pasture; (verb) to pasture leasowe leaze leasure leisure leisure 194 lechaim a traditional Jewish toast lechayim lehaim lehayim lectern a reading desk or support in a church lecturn lettern lecythus a narrow-necked Greek flask lekythos lekythus ledger an ambassador; (verb) to fix (tackle or bait) for fishing on the bottom without leidger a float leiger lidger lieger leear a liar liar leechee a tropical fruit lichee lichi litchi lychee leeward on the lee side > adv towards the lee side; (noun) the leeward side or quarter leewards leftie someone who is politically left-wing lefty leftward on the left; (adv.) towards the left; (noun) the left side leftwards legaliser one who legalises legalizer legatary one to whom a legacy is bequeathed legatee leglan a milking-pail leglen leglin leguaan a large monitor lizard of the genus Varanus leguan leister a three-pronged spear or trident used for fishing; (verb) to spear with a leister lister leitmotif a leading motif, a recurring theme in a novel, musical signature for something leitmotiv lemel the dust and filings of metal limail lemurian like a lemur; (noun) a member of the lemur family lemurine lemuroid lenger longer longer lenience the quality of being lenient leniency lentisc the mastic tree 195 lentisk les lesbian lez lezz lezza lezzie lezzy leucaemia a type of cancer leucemia leukaemia leukemia leucaemic of or like leucemia, a type of cancer leucemic leukemic leuchen old past of lauch, to laugh leughen leucin an essential amino-acid, a product of protein hydrolysis leucine leucocyte a colorless corpuscle, as one of the white blood corpuscles, or those found in leukocyte lymph, marrow of bone, connective tissue, etc leucoma a white opacity in the cornea of the eye, aka albugo leukoma leucotomy a surgical scission of the fibres between the frontal lobes of the brain and leukotomy the thalamus to relieve cases of severe schizophrenia lev a unit of Bulgarian currency lew leve gladly; (noun) a beloved lief lieve leveler one who levels leveller levitic of or like a levite or clergyman levitical lewdsby someone addicted to lewdness lewdster lewis a dovetailed iron tenon made to fit into a stone so that it can be hoisted lewisson leylandi the Leyland cypress leylandii liana any climbing plant, esp a twisted woody kind festooning tropical forests liane liard grey; dapple-grey; (noun) an old French coin of low value liart lyard lyart libecchio a strong westerly (or southwesterly) wind that blows on to Corsica's western libeccio coast libelant one who brings a charge of libel libellant libelee one who is libeled libellee 196 libeler one who libels libelist libeller libellous relating to libel libelous licence being allowed; (verb) to grant leave to license licencee one who is licensed, eg to run a pub licensee licencer one who licenses licenser licensor licente plural of sente, a monetary unit of Lesotho lisente lich a corpse lych lichenose of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in lichens lichenous lichgate a roofed churchyard gate lychgate licht light; (noun) light; (verb) to light light lichtly to slight, make light of lightly lickerish dainty, tempting to the taste; lecherous liquorish licorice a confectionery made with an extract from the root of the liquorice plant liquorice lifeful full of vitality lifull lyfull lig to lie ligge lignage lineage lineage lynage ligroin a trade name applied to some of the volatile products obtained in refining crude ligroine petroleum ligulate resembling or shaped like a strap ligulated likable capable of being liked likeable limiter a friar who had a license to beg within certain areas lymiter limnetic living in fresh water; pertaining to fresh water limnic limpsey lacking strength or vigor limpsy lin a waterfall; (verb, obs.) to cease linn linable that can be lined 197 lineable linalol a fragrant liquid alcohol, used to make perfume, obtained from oil of rosewood linalool linch an unploughed strip as a boundary between two fields linchet lynchet linchpin a pin passed through an axle-end to keep a wheel in position lynchpin lincture a medicated syrup for throat linctus lind a lime-tree linden lineate marked with lines lineated linen a fabric woven from the fibers of flax lyne liney like a line liny linga the phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshipped in his character lingam of the creative and reproductive power lingel a shoemaker's thread lingle lingster an interpreter linkster linguica a kind of Portuguese sausage linguisa linguine a kind of pasta made in narrow strips linguini linhay a shed with an open front linney linny linnet a common finch, feeding on flaxseed lintie lintwhite linseed lint or flax seed lintseed linstock a pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for lintstock firing cannon lintel a horizontal beam supporting the load above a door lintol lioncel a small lion used as a bearing lioncelle lionel lioniser one who lionises lionizer lipaemia an abnormal level of fat in the blood lipemia lipid a group of chemicals found in tissues, a constituent of fat lipide lipin lipolitic of or like lipolysis, the disintegration of fat 198 lipolytic lippie an old Scottish dry measure, the fourth part of a peck lippy liquefy to make liquid liquify liripipe a long tail of a hood, esp in old academic or clerical dress liripoop lispound a varying weight, 12 to 34 pounds, used in Orkney and Shetland lispund lissom easily flexed, lithe lissome lithesome lit a former monetary unit of Lithuania litas lite of food and drink, low in calories, alcoholic content, etc; (verb) (Spenser) to lyte alight, dismount liter a measure of capacity in the metric system, a cubic decimeter litre lithoid like stone lithoidal litoral pertaining to or on the seashore littoral littlin a child littling livable able to be lived liveable livelod livelihood livelood liveyer a permanent resident of Newfoundland liveyere livier livyer loadstar the pole-star; one that serves as an inspiration, model or guide lodestar loadstone magnetite that is naturally magnetized; a piece of this used as a magnet lodestone loathful full of loathing lothefull lothfull lobate having a lobe or lobes lobated lobola an African custom whereby the bridegroom's family makes a payment in cattle or lobolo cash to the bride's family before marriage lobstick a tree with its lower branches trimmed lopstick lobulate having lobules lobulated lobulose lobworm a polychaete worm of the genus Arenicola, which burrows in sandy beaches and lugworm is much used as fishing bait localiser one who localises 199 localizer locater one who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim locator lockpick an instrument for picking locks picklock locoplant astragalus or other related plant, that drives cattle mad locoweed locular of eg an ovary, divided into compartments by septa loculate loculated locule any of a number of small cavities or cells separated from one another by septa; loculus esp a cavity of an ovary or anther lodgement the act of lodging, or the state of being lodged lodgment lodicula a green or white scale forming the lowest part of a grass flower lodicule loerie a type of African bird with crimson or grey plumage lourie loessal relating to loess, a fine-grained wind deposit of clay, sand, and silt loessial loessic loggy heavy or dull in motion or thought logy login access to a mainframe or server system logon loglog the logarithm of a logarithm lolog logoff exit from a mainframe or server system logout logogram a written symbol representing an entire spoken word without expressing its pronunciation logograph lollipop a large sweet (esp a boiled sweet), water-ice, or similar confection, on a stick lollypop lulibub loment a pod that breaks in pieces at constrictions between the seeds lomentum lompish lumpish lumpish longaeval long-lived longeval longan a pulpy fruit related to the litchi, and produced by an evergreen East Indian lungan tree longboat a Viking ship longship loo to love lou looey lieutenant looie louie loofa a kind of vine, whose fibrous gourd-like fruit is used as sponge 200 loofah luffa lookism discrimination on grounds of appearance looksism looney crazy (noun, coll.) a lunatic loony loose not firm, taut, or rigid; (verb) to set free lowse loral pertaining to the lore, the side of a bird's head loreal lording a petty lord lordkin lordling lorel a good for nothing fellow; a vagabond lorrell losel lozell loric a leather corslet; the case of a rotifer etc lorica lorimer a maker of bits, spurs and other small metal accessories for horses loriner lory a kind of small parrot lowrie lowry lota in India, a small brass or copper pot lotah lote a lotus lotos lotus loto a game played by covering on a card each number drawn till a line of numbers lotto is completed loun sheltered, calm, quiet; (verb) to calm lound lown lownd lowne loungey relating to or reminiscent of a cocktail lounge or lounge music loungy loup to leap lowp lour to look sullen or threatening lower loury gloomy, louring lowery louver a sloping slat placed across an opening louvre louvered having louvers, sloping slats placed across an opening louvred lovable able to be loved loveable lox liquid oxygen; (verb) to supply with lox 201 loxygen lubbard a clumsy fellow lubber lubric lubricious lubrical lucence the quality of being lucent, shining lucency lucern a fodder plant, aka alfalfa lucerne luzern lucidity the quality of being lucid lucidness luckie an elderly woman who keeps an ale-house lucky lud lord, used when addressing a judge ludship luke moderately warm; tepid lukewarm lumberer someone employed in the felling, sawing etc. of timber lumberman lumenal of a lumen, a unit of luminous flux luminal lunanaut one who travels to the moon lunarnaut lunate crescent-shaped; (noun) a crescent-shaped bone of the wrist lunated lunatic affected with lunacy; (noun) an insane person lunatical lungee in India, a long cloth used as a loin cloth, turban etc lungi lungyi lungie the guillemot lunyie lunulate crescent-shaped; having crescent-shaped markings lunulated lupin any papilionaceous plant of the genus Lupinus lupine lupuline of or like lupulin, a yellow powder on hop cones, used as sedative lupulinic lurdan a dull or sluggish person lurdane lurden lurgi facetious for a fictitious disease lurgy luster the appearance of a surface in reflected light; (verb) to impart a lustre to lustre lustick lusty, healthy lustique lusty lustihead lustiness lustihood 202 lustrine a glossy silk cloth lustring lutanist a lute-player lutenist luter lutist lutecium a rare earth element lutetium lutefisk dried codfish lutfisk luvvie a member of the entertainment industry luvvy lyam a kind of bloodhound lym lyme lyophil of a colloid, readily dispersed in a suitable medium lyophile lyophilic lyophobe of a colloid, not readily dispersed lyophobic lyrate lyre-shaped lyrated maatjes a young herring before it has spawned, cured in brine matjes macaber grim, gruesome macabre macahuba an American palm, whose nuts yield a violet-scented oil macoya macaroni a form of pasta maccaroni maccabaw a kind of snuff maccaboy maccoboy machete a broad heavy knife used for cutting or as a weapon, esp in parts of Central matchet and S. America machismo the quality of being macho machoism machzor a Hebrew holiday-ritual prayer book mahzor macrame a fringe or trimming of knotted thread macrami macrural long-tailed macrurous maddock a pickaxe for loosening soil mattock madrasa an Islamic college, or school attached to mosque madrasah madrassa madrassah medresa medrese 203 medresseh madrona a Californian tree of the Arbutus genus madrone madrono madzoon a food similar to yoghurt made from fermented milk matzoon maenad a woman participant in orgiastic Dionysian rites menad maffia a criminal society mafia mafflin a simpleton maffling mag to tease; to steal magg magalog a large mail-order catalog in the form of a magazine magalogue magdalen a reformed prostitute magdalene mage a magician; a person of exceptional wisdom and learning magus magilp a medium used in oil-painting, consisting of linseed-oil and mastic varnish megilp megilph magnesial relating to magnesia or magnesium magnesian magnesic maharaja a king or prince in India ranking above a rajah, especially the sovereign of maharajah one of the former native states maharanee the wife of a maharajah maharani mahjong an old Chinese table game mahjongg mahlstick a stick used by painters to steady the hand malstick maulstick mahseer a large freshwater fish mahsir mahua a kind of butter-tree with edible flowers mahwa mowa mowra maiasaur a species of dinosaur maiasaura maigre a large Mediterranean food-fish meager meagre maihem maiming, malicious damage mayhem maik a mate or consort; a halfpenny meck meg 204 mailcar a railway coach specially constructed for the transport of mail mailcoach mainor an act or fact of theft; that which is stolen mainour maiolica an elaborate, highly-colored, glazed Italian pottery majolica mair more more maist most; (noun) the most part most maister master; (verb) to master master mayster maistring mastering mastering maistry mastery mastery majlis an assembly or council in various N. African and Middle Eastern countries mejlis mak to make make makable capable of being made makeable makar a maker, a poet maker malam a man learned in Koranic studies, used as title mallam malamute an Alaskan sled dog malemiut malemute malander an eruption of the skin behind a horse's knee mallander mallender malarial relating to malaria malarian malarious malarkey absurd talk, nonsense malarky mullarky malate a salt of malic acid maleate malax to soften by kneading malaxate malgrado in spite of malgre mauger maugre maulgre malicho mischief mallecho malik in India, the head of a village, an employer 205 melik mall a mallet; (verb) to beat, batter maul mallemuck the albatross mollymawk malmsey a strong sweet wine malvesie malvoisie malodor a bad smell malodour malt barley or other grain prepared for brewing or distilling or vinegar-making, esp maut by steeping, germinating, and drying; (verb) to treat or combine with malt mama a child's name for mother mamma mammie mammy mamakau a tall edible New Zealand tree fern mamako mamaku mamee a tropical plant having an edible fruit with bright yellow pulp mamey mamie mammee mammey mameluke one of former Turkish slaves that held the Egyptian throne from 1250 to 1517 mamluk mamilla the nipple of the mammary gland mammilla mamillar relating to the nipple mamillary mammet a puppet; a doll maumet mawmet mommet mammetry the religion of Mohammed; idolatry maumetry mawmetry mammock broken piece; (verb) (Shakesp.) to tear something to shreds mummock mammonist one devoted to the acquisition of wealth or the service of Mammon mammonite mamzer an illegitimate child; a despicable person momser momzer manatee a large aquatic herbivorous mammal manati mandarin a member of one of nine ranks of public officials in the Chinese Empire; a small mandarine orange of Chinese origin mandatary the holder of a mandate mandatory mandilion a loose outer garment worn over armour 206 mandylion mandioc a plant of the manioc genus; cassava mandioca mandiocca manihoc manihot manioc manioca mandir a Hindu or Jain temple mandira mandola an early type of mandolin mandora mandolin a musical instrument of the lute kind mandoline mandrel a bar of iron fitted to a turning-lathe on which articles to be turned are fixed mandril maneuver a contrived, complicated, and possibly deceptive plan or action; (verb) to conduct manoeuvre manoeuvres mangabey an Equatorial African monkey with a long tail and muzzle mangaby mangel a variety of beet mangold mangey scabby mangy maungy manifold many in number; (verb) to make many copies of manyfold manikin an anatomical model of the human body used for teaching purposes mannequin mannikin maniplies the third stomach of a ruminant, aka omasum or psalterium manyplies moniplies monyplies manito a name given by tribes of American Indians to a great spirit, whether good or manitou evil, or to any object of worship manitu mannite a sweet alcohol obtained from manna mannitol manoao a shrub of the heath group monoao manred homage or service rendered to a superior, as to a lord; vassalage manrent manteau a woman's loose gown manto mantua manty mantelet a small cloak for women mantlet manticora a mythical monster with head of man, body of lion, tail of dragon or scorpion manticore 207 mantid an insect of the cockroach family mantis mantra a sacred word or syllable mantram manward towards man manwards many consisting of or amounting to a large number; (noun) a large number monie mony manyata a small Masai settlement or encampment manyatta maormor a high-ranking or chief steward mormaor mapstick the long handle of a mop mopstick mareschal a marshal marischal marshal marg margarine marge margent an edge, a border; (verb) to provide with a margin margin marihuana indian hemp; its dried flowers or leaves smoked as an intoxicant marijuana marinade a solution used to soak meat, fowl or fish before cooking; (verb) to soak in a marinade marinate marish a marsh marsh marketeer one who markets marketer markhoor a wild goat of the mountains of Asia markhor markman an expert shot marksman marmoreal of or like marble marmorean marocain a dress material finished with a grain surface like morocco leather maroquin marquess a British or Irish hereditary nobleman of the second rank of the peerage, below marquis a duke and above an earl marram a seaside grass marrum marrels a rustic game, aka fivepenny morris merells merels merils marsupial relating to a pouch or to the Marsupialia; (noun) a pouched mammal marsupian mashgiach a person who ensures adherence to kosher rules mashgiah mashlam a mixed grain, esp rye and wheat 208 mashlim mashlin mashloch mashlum maslin masjid a mosque musjid maskeg a swamp, bog or marsh muskeg masoolah a tall, many-oared Indian surf-boat massoola masula massicot yellow lead monoxide masticot massymore a subterranean prison mattamore mastaba an Egyptian tomb with rectangular base, sloping sides and a flat roof mastabah mastic a pale yellow gum resin from certain Mediterranean trees, used for varnish mastich mastiche mastix mastodon a large extinct mammal resembling the elephant mastodont mastoid like a nipple or teat; (noun) a prominence on the temporal bone behind the ear mastoidal matador the bullfighter who kills the bull in a bullfight matadore matelot a seaman matlo matlow matelote a kind of rich fish stew matelotte matey mate maty mateyness the state of being matey matiness matfellon the greater knapweed matfelon matin a morning prayer service mattin matoke in Uganda, plantain used as a staple food matooke matrass a long-necked round-bodied chemical flask, used for distilling mattrass matrice the womb; that in which anything is embedded matrix matsah unleavened bread, esp as eaten on Pesach matza matzah matzo 209 matzoh matutinal relating to or occurring in the morning matutine mauby a frothy beverage made from boiled tree-bark mobbie mobby maulvi a teacher in Islam moolvi moolvie mauther a girl; esp a great, awkward girl mawr mawther mauvein a mauve dye mauveine mauvin mauvine maven an expert, a pundit mavin mayvin mavie the European throstle or song thrush mavis mawpus a small coin mopus maximiser one who maximises maximizer mayest old 2nd pers. sing. of may mayst mayhap perhaps mayhappen mazard a kind of small black cherry mazzard mazey winding or convoluted as a maze; confused, dizzy mazy mazourka a Polish folk dance in moderate triple measure mazurka mazout petroleum residue after distillation mazut mead an alcoholic liquor produced by fermenting a mixture of honey and water meath meathe mealie an ear of maize mielie meandrian meandering meandrous meane to lament, moan mein mene moan meanie a mean person meany meare to divide, mark off 210 meer mere meazel a leper, spoken in contempt of a mean person mesel mecca a place visited by many people mekka medacca a small freshwater fish medaka medalist one who wins a medal medallist medcinal medicinal, curative medicinal meddle to interfere unnecessarily and ill-advisedly medle medevac medical evacuation; (verb) to evacuate the wounded from the battlefield by helicopter medivac mediaeval belonging to the Middle Ages; (noun) a person who lived in the Middle Ages medieval medic a doctor, a medical student medico medullar consisting of or resembling marrow or pith medullary meercat a S. African carnivore, the suricate, related to the ichneumon meerkat megapod one of a family of birds of Australasia, including jungle fowl, brush turkey, megapode etc megass refuse in sugar-making, aka bagass or bagasse megasse megilla a scroll containing a book of the Old Testament megillah megrim migraine; depression or unhappiness migraine meiney a family, including servants, etc.; a household meinie meiny menyie meint old past of meng, to mix meynt melanotic dark-complexioned melanous melee a confused struggle mellay melic a type of perennial grass melick melodeon a small reed organ melodion melodiser one who melodises melodizer melodrama a kind of romantic and sensational drama melodrame memoriser one who memorises 211 memorizer meneer the Dutch equivalent of Mr. or Sir; hence, a Dutchman mijnheer mynheer meng to mix; to unite, couple menge ming menominee a small whitefish found in the northern US and Canada menomini mensal monthly mensual meou to make a sound like a cat meow miaou miaow miaul merciable merciful merciful merel a counter used in the game of merils merell meril merl a blackbird merle mermaid a mythical creature with a woman's upper body and a fish's tail mermaiden merome one of the serial segments, or metameres, of which the bodies of vertebrate and merosome articulate animals are composed mesail a visor, esp one made in two parts mezail mesal in or towards the median plane mesial mesian mescal a distilled liquor prepared in Mexico from a species of agave mezcal mescalin the principal alkaloid in mescal, used as a hallucinogen mescaline mezcaline mesclum a mixed salad of young leaves and shoots, eg of rocket, chicory, fennel etc mesclun meshuga mad, crazy; (noun) a mad person meshugah meshugga meshuggah meshugge meshugaas madness, foolishness mishegaas mishegoss mesoglea a gelatinous layer between the endoderm and ectoderm of a coelenterate mesogloea mesophyl the photosynthetic tissue of a green plant borne beneath the epidermis mesophyll 212 mesquin mean, sordid, shabby mesquine mesquit a name for two trees of the southwestern part of N. America, the honey mesquite, mesquite and screw-pod mesquite mezquit mezquite muskit messiah a hoped-for deliverer messias mestee in the West Indies, the offspring of a white person and a quadroon, aka octoroon mustee mesteso a person of mixed, esp Spanish and American-Indian parentage mestino mestizo mestom conductive tissue associated with parenchyma mestome metalist a worker in metals, or one skilled in metals metallist metazoan relating to to the Metazoa; (noun) any animal more complex than a unicellular protozoan metazoon metestick a measuring rod metewand meteyard methadon a synthetic drug similar to morphine methadone methink archaic for I think methinks metricist a person skilled in metres; one who writes in metres metrist meuse a small hole or gap through which a wild animal passes; (verb) to pass through a mews meuse muset musit smeuse meze a type of appetizer served in Greece mezze mezereon an early-flowering woodland shrub with fragrant purplish or rose-coloured flowers mezereum mezuza a small rolled parchment affixed to the doorposts in Jewish houses in fulfilment mezuzah of the Torah's command to inscribe God's words upon the doorposts of one's house mhorr a West African gazelle mohr miasm foul vapours from rotting matter; unwholesome air miasma miasmal of or like a miasma miasmatic miasmic miasmous mib a type of playing marble mig 213 migg miggle micell a group of molecular chains, a structural unit of colloids micella micelle mich to play truant miche mitch mooch mouch micher a truant moocher moucher micht might might mick an Irishman micky meikle great, much mickle mochell muchel muchell microbial of or like a microbe microbian microbic micron a micrometre mikron middie a 285ml beer glass middy midwife a woman who delivers babies; (verb) to act as a midwife midwive miffy quick to take offence mifty mightest old 2nd pers. sing. of might mightst mikvah a place for ritual bathing by Orthodox Jews mikveh miladi a term of address for a rich or aristocratic English lady milady milage distance in miles mileage milchig made of or derived from milk or dairy products milchik militance the condition or fact of being militant, esp in pursuing a political or social militancy end militar military military milleped a myriapod with many legs millepede milliped millipede 214 millrace the current of water that turns a millwheel millrun milor a term of address for a rich or aristocratic Englishman milord mim prim, demure, prudish mimsey mimsy mimbar a mosque pulpit minbar mimetic imitative; of or relating to mimicry mimetical mimmick an affected person; (verb) to be over-dainty minnick minnock mina a Greek unit of weight or money an Asiatic bird of the starling family mna myna mynah minable able to be mined mineable mineola a variety of citrus fruit developed from a tangerine and a grapefruit minneola minever the ermine in winter coat miniver minidisc a small recordable compact disk minidisk miniment a means of defence; a record fortifying or proving a claim muniment minimiser one who minimises minimizer miniscule small, insignificant; (noun) a small cursive script minuscule minutial of or like a minutia, a minute particular or detail minutiose miosis excessive contraction of the pupil of the eye myosis miotic relating to miosis, excessive contraction of the pupil of the eye; (noun) a substance myotic producing miosis mirbane an apparently meaningless word used in perfumery, as in oil of mirbane, a name myrbane of nitrobenzene mirific working wonders; marvellous mirifical mirk dark, gloomy; (noun) darkness, gloom murk mirkiness the state of being mirky, dark, gloomy murkiness mirky dark, gloomy; obscured by fog, dense vapour, etc murky misaunter an unlucky chance, a misfortune mishanter miscegen a person of mixed racial heritage 215 miscegene miscegine miscible capable of being mixed mixable mixible miscolor to give a wrong color to; fig. to set forth erroneously or unfairly; as, to miscolor miscolour facts misenrol to enrol wrongly misenroll mishapt misshaped misshaped misshapen mishmash an eclectic collection or arrangement mishmosh mishmee the bitter root of an Assamese gold-thread plant, with tonic properties mishmi misleeke to dislike mislike misletoe mistletoe mistletoe missilery missiles collectively missilry missis wife missus mistle to rain in very fine drops mizzle miter a high, pointed headdress, cleft crosswise on top and with two ribbons hanging mitre from the back, worn by archbishops and bishops; (verb) to join with a miter joint miterwort a slender, perennial herb with a pod slightly resembling a bishop's miter mitrewort mither to confuse, stupefy moider moither mitsvah a precept; a duty, an obligation, a good deed mitzvah mitt any of various glovelike hand coverings, such as one that does not cover the mitten fingers miz misery mizz mizen in a three-masted vessel, the hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails mizzen mobble to muffle moble mobe a mobile phone mobey mobie moby mobiliser something that serves to mobilise mobilizer mocassin a heelless shoe of deerskin or other soft leather moccasin 216 mochie mouldy, damp mochy mocock a N. American birch-bark box or basket mocuck mocuddum a leader, headman mokaddam muqaddam modeler one who models; hence, a worker in plastic art modeller modiwort a mole moldwarp moudiwart moudiwort mouldwarp mowdie mofette a volcanic opening in the earth emitting carbon dioxide moffette moggie a cat moggy moghul an influential person, a magnate mogul mughal moil to drudge moyl moyle mule mold to shape mould molder to become mouldy moulder molecast a little elevation of earth made by a mole molehill molla a Muslim learned in theology and law moolah mulla mullah muller mollusc any animal of the phylum Mollusca, members of which (as limpets, snails, cuttlefish, mollusk oysters, mussels, etc.) have soft bodies and (usu.) hard shells molluscan related to the mollusc family; (noun) a member of the mollusc family molluskan molt to shed feathers or another coating moult molter a moulting bird moulter monacid a compound having one hydrogen atom replaceable by a negative or acid atom or monoacid radical monact of a sponge, having single-rayed spicules monactine monad the number one; a unit; a single-celled organism monas 217 monal a kind of pheasant, native to the Himalayas monaul monarchal pertaining to a monarch, ruling alone monarchic monaxial having only one axis; developing along a single line monaxonic monecian having separate male and female flowers on the same plant monecious monoicous moner a hypothetical simplest protozoan, the organism on which Hackel's version of moneran the evolution theory is based moneron moneth a month month moneyed having money monied mongcorn a mixed grain, esp rye and wheat, aka maslin mungcorn mongering trading in a particular line of goods mongery mongo the waste produced in a woollen mill; low quality wool mongoe mungo mongolian an offensive term meaning affected by Down's syndrome mongoloid mongoose an Indian animal of the civet family, a great slayer of snakes and rats mungoose monicker a name; an alias, nickname moniker monocot monocotyledon, a plant having a single cotyledon monocotyl monocycle a cycle with only one wheel unicycle monodic of or like a monody, a mournful ode or poem performed by a single mourner monodical monolog a dramatic piece for a single performer; (verb) to perform a monolog monologue monopod a one-footed person of fabulous Ethiopian race, with foot large enough to be monopode a sunshade monosis the separation of parts usually fused monosy monostele a single stele monostely montant an upward blow in fencing montanto mooktar an Indian lawyer; a Turkish local government official mukhtar mooley a hornless cow mooly muley mulley 218 moonshee a secretary, interpreter munshi moonward in the direction of the moon moonwards moop to nibble, munch moup moor a wide expanse of uncultivated ground, esp upland, often covered with heath, muir and having a poor, peaty soil; (verb) to secure a vessel by means of cables moorburn the seasonal burning of heather on moorland to promote new growth muirburn moorva bowstring hemp murva mopane a small S. African tree with racemes of greenish flowers mopani mopehawk an owl of Australia and New Zealand mopoke morepork mopey moping mopy mora a unit of metrical time in prosody a game of guessing how many fingers are held morra up morainal of or pertaining to a moraine morainic moraliser one who moralises moralizer moray a kind of eel murray murrey murry moreish such that one wants more morish morion a crested metal helmet worn by soldiers in the 1500's and 1600's morrion morling a sheep that has died from disease mortling moronism the condition of being a moron moronity morphean relating to Morpheus, the god of sleep morphetic morphin the principal alkaloid in opium morphine morrice a morris dance morris mortgager one who gives a mortgage mortgagor morticer one who makes mortice joints mortiser mosk an Islamic temple mosque mossie mosquito mozzie 219 motet a kind of unaccompanied part-song or anthem motett motser a large amount of money, esp a gambling win motza motuca a large Brazilian biting fly mutuca mou a mouth mouth moufflon a Corsican wild sheep mouflon muflon musimon musmon moujik a Russian peasant mujik muzhik muzjik mousaka a dish traditionally eaten in Greece, Turkey and the Balkans, consisting of alternate moussaka layers of minced lamb, aubergines and tomatoes, usually covered with béchamel sauce and cheese mousey like a mouse, timid; grey mousie mousy mousme a Japanese girl, esp a waitress mousmee moust a musk, hair-powder; (verb) to powder muist must moustache the unshaved hair on a man's upper lip mustache mouter a miller's fee for grinding corn; (verb) to take mouter for multure mouterer a person who pays or receives mouter, a miller's fee for grinding corn multurer movable capable of being moved; (noun) something that can be moved moveable movieola a brand of film-editing machine moviola moz bad luck mozz mozetta a short cape with an ornamental hood worn by Catholic prelates mozzetta mridamgam a two-headed Indian drum, one head being larger than the other mridang mridanga mridangam mucigen a substance forming mucus mucinogen mucinoid of or like mucin, a substance produced by mucous membranes mucinous muckluck a type of sealskin boot 220 mucluc mukluk mucoid lIke mucus; (noun) a substance like mucus, found in connective tissue mucoidal mucose of or like mucus mucous mudiria the province or office of a mudir, a local governor mudirieh mueddin the Muslim official who calls the faithful to prayer muezzin muenster a semi-soft cow's milk cheese from Munster in France munster muggar a broad-snouted Indian crocodile mugger muggur mujahedin islamic fundamentalist freedom fighters mujahidin mulch to provide with a protective coating for the soil mulsh mullein a tall, stiff, yellow-flowered woolly plant of the Verbascum genus mullen mullion an upright division between window panes; (verb) to divide a window with mullions munnion mulmul a fine, soft muslin mulmull multipara a mother of two or more children pluripara multiped an insect having many feet, as a myriapod multipede mum silent; (noun) mother; (verb) to act in a mime mumm mummify to turn into mummy mummy mumu a long loose dress muumuu mundungo a foul-smelling tobacco mundungus munt an offensive word for a black African muntu muntin the vertical framing piece between door panels munting muntjac a kind of small deer muntjak muraena a genus of large eels of the family Muraenidae murena muraled decorated with murals muralled muricate rough or warty with short sharp points muricated murid belonging to the rat and mouse family of rodents; (noun) a member of the rat and murine mouse family 221 murlain a narrow-mouthed basket murlan murlin murr a guillemot, an auk murre murra an unidentified precious material for vases, conjectured to be agate murrha murrain a cattle disease murren murrin murrion murree a native Australian murri murrhine a kind of clear glassware used to make ancient Roman vases myrrhine muscadel a rich spicy wine derived from muscat grapes muscatel muscavado raw or unrefined sugar obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporation muscovado and draining off the molasses muscoid mosslike muscose muscone a macrocyclic ketone that gives musk its distinctive smell and is used in perfumes muskone music the art of expression in sound, in melody, and harmony; (verb) to make music musick muskle a mussel mussel muskrat a large semi-aquatic N. American rodent, resembling a beaver musquash muss a mess; a scramble; (verb) to disarrange, to mess musse mut a mongrel, a blockhead mutt mutative changing, mutable mutatory muticate having no point or awn muticous mutine mutiny; a mutineer; (verb) to mutiny mutiny myasis a disease due to flies' larvae in the body myiasis mycele the white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom or fungus is mycelium developed mycelial relating to mycelium, the white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom mycelian or fungus is developed myelin the substance forming the medullary sheath of nerve-fibres myeline myiophily pollination of plants by flies myophily mylodon an extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates mylodont 222 myope a person having myopy myops myopia short-sightedness myopy myosote a genus of flower, forget-me-not myosotis myriapod a millepede or centipede myriopod mythic relating to myth mythical mythicism a theory that explains miraculous stories as myths mythism mythos myth, mythology mythus myxameba a cell produced by a spore myxamoeba myxedema a skin disease, marked by swelling and dryness, due to insufficient thyroid secretion myxoedema naam the action of taking another's goods by distraint; goods so taken nam naan a kind of slightly leavened Indian bread nan naartje a small sweet orange like the mandarin naartjie nartjie nabk a tree, the Christ's-thorn nebbuk nebeck nebek nach an entertainment in India consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing nauch girls nautch nache the rump of beef; esp the lower and back part of the rump natch nachtmaal a Dutch Reformed Church Sacrament, the Lord's Supper nagmaal nacket a snack, a light lunch nocket nacreous of or resembling mother-of-pearl nacrous nae no no naebody nobody nobody naething nothing nothing naeve a naevus, a birthmark naevus nevus nagana a tropical disease of cattle transmitted by tsetse fly ngana 223 naif ingenuous; (noun) a naive person naive naivete the state of being naive naivety nala a ravine, a watercourse nalla nallah nulla nullah namable capable of being named nameable namaskar a traditional Indian salutation, a slight bow with the palms pressed together namaste nandin an evergreen Asiatic shrub of the barberry family nandina nandoo the rhea, or S. American ostrich nandu nhandu nane none none nankeen a durable buff-coloured cotton nankin nannie a children's nurse; a grandmother nanny nannygai a large edible marine fish nennigai nanometer a billionth of a metre nanometre napa a kind of soft leather prepared from sheep- or goat-skin by a special tawing nappa process naphthol any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol naphtol nappie an infant's diaper nappy naras an edible melonlike fruit of a S. African shrub narras narc a narcotics agent narco narceen a narcotic alkaloid found in opium narcein narceine narghile a hookah, an Oriental tobacco pipe in which smoke is drawn through water by a narghilly long tube narghily nargile nargileh nargily narguileh narial of or relating to the nostrils naric narine 224 narrater one who narrates narrator narwal a kind of whale with a large projecting spiral tusk narwhal narwhale nascence the state of being nascent nascency naseberry an edible fruit, the sapodilla neesberry nisberry natheless nevertheless nathless naythles netheless nathemo nevermore nathemore nevermore naumachia a mock sea battle, performed as a spectacle among the ancient Romans naumachy neafe a fist neaffe neif neive nief nieve nebbich a colourless, insignificant person nebbish nebbishe nebbisher nebish nebule wavy; (noun) a wavy moulding nebuly nebuliser a spraying apparatus, an atomiser nebulizer nebulose like a nebula, cloudy nebulous nectareal of or like nectar nectarean nectarous needle a slender, pointed instrument for sewing; (verb) to irritate neeld neele neem an East Indian tree neemb nimb neese to sneeze neeze negater one who negates negator negaton a hypothetical atomic particle with mass equal to that of a proton, but with negatron a negative charge equal to that of an electron 225 neglecter one who neglects neglector neglige a woman's loose decorative dressing-gown of flimsy material negligee negritude the essential quality of the Negro genius nigritude negroid typical of black or African peoples; (noun) a negroid person negroidal neighbor a person who lives near or next door to another; (verb) to border on neighbour neist next, nearest next nelies a winter pear nelis nelumbium a plant of the Nelumbium genus of waterlilies that includes the sacred lotus nelumbo nemertean any of a phylum of wormlike animals, mostly marine, ciliated, often brightly nemertian coloured nemertine neologian one who introduces new words or new senses of old words into a language neologist neologism a new word, phrase or doctrine; a new use of an established word neology neoteinia prolonged retention of larval or immature characteristics or features in the neoteny adult form neotenic exhibiting neoteny, retention of infantile or juvenile characteristics into adulthood neotenous nepheline a rock-forming mineral, silicate of sodium, potassium and aluminium, colourless, nephelite usually crystallizing in hexagonal prisms nerd a person obsessed with computers at the expense of human interaction nurd nerdish clumsy, socially inept nerdy nurdish nurdy nereid a sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, attendant upon Neptune nereis nerts an interjection expressing disgust nertz nerval of the nerves neural nervation the arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves nervature neuration neuk a nook nook neum a succession of notes sung to one syllable neume neumatic relating to a neume, a sign used in musical notation neumic neuron a nerve cell 226 neurone neuronal of or like a neuron neuronic neustic of or like neuston, minute organisms floating or swimming on water's surface neustonic newsie full of news; abounding in information as to current events newsy niceish somewhat nice nicish nicher to neigh nicker nicht night night nickel a white magnetic very malleable and ductile metallic element; (verb) to plate with nickle nickel nicotin a toxic colourless or yellowish oily liquid alkaloid which is the chief constituent nicotine of tobacco nid a pheasant's nest or brood nide niddering an infamous person; an abject coward nidering niderling niding nithing nie to nigh, approach nigh ny niger a negro nigger nightie a nightgown nighty nighttide the time during which it is night nighttime nigrosin a blackish coal-tar colour dye nigrosine nikab a veil covering the face, worn by Muslim women niqab nilgai a kind of antelope nilgau nilghai nilghau nylghai nylghau nimbyism adherence to the doctrine of 'not in my back-yard' nimbyness nincom nincompoop nincum ninjitsu a martial art, teaching stealth and camouflage ninjutsu nirled knotty, stunted nirlie 227 nirlit nirly nis in Scandinavian folklore, a brownie or goblin nisse niter potassium nitrate or saltpetre nitre niterie a nightclub nitery nitrid a compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or radical nitride nitril any organic cyanide compound in which an alkyl group is directly attached to nitrile the carbon of a cyanide group nitroxyl the group NO2, usually called the nitro group nitryl nix a water-sprite; (verb) to veto or cancel nixie nixy nobilesse nobility, nobleness noblesse nochel notice that will not be responsible for another's debts; (verb) to give such notice notchel nodose having knots or nodules nodous nodulose having small nodes or knots nodulous noisome noxious, unwholesome; offensive to the senses, esp, smell noysome nole the top of the head; the noddle noll noul noule nowl nomad a member of a wandering pastoral community nomade nomadism the state of being a nomad nomady nombles a deer's entrails numbles umbles nome a province or department esp in ancient Greece nomos nomogram a chart or diagram of scaled lines or curves used to assist in mathematical calculations nomograph nonesuch a person or thing without an equal nonsuch nonet a composition for nine performers nonette noo now now noodge to nag nudzh 228 nookie sexual intercourse nooky norward in a northerly direction norwards nosean a cubic mineral, aluminum sodium silicate and sulphur noselite nosey inquisitive; (noun) an inquisitive person nosy nosherie a cafe or restaurant noshery nould old past of nill, not to will, to refuse noulde nourice a nurse nurse noursle to bring up, foster nousell nousle noveliser one who makes a novel of something novelizer noviciate the state of being a (religious) novice novitiate noway in no manner or degree noways nown own own nubbly having small protuberances nubby nubilose cloudy; vague nubilous nucha the nape of the neck nuchal nucleide an atom of specified atomic number and mass number nuclide nucleole a minute rounded body within the nucleus of a cell, associated with RNA synthesis nucleolus nudnick a dense, boring, or bothersome person nudnik numchuck a martial arts weapon consisting of two sticks joined by a length of chain, used nunchaku as a flail or garotte numeric relating to number; (noun) a numeral numerical nummary relating to coins or money nummulary nuncle an uncle uncle nuraghe a broch-like Sardinian round tower, probably of the Bronze Age nurhag nurseling an infant that is being suckled nursling nutgrass any of various American sedges nutsedge 229 nyaff a small or worthless person or thing; (verb) to yelp, yap; to talk frivolously yaff nymphal of or pertaining to a nymph or nymphs nymphean nymphet a sexually desirable pubescent girl nymphette nymphic of or pertaining to nymphs nymphical oaker ochre ocher ochre oarweed a kind of seaweed oreweed obbligato a musical accompaniment of independent importance, esp that of a single instrument obligato to a vocal piece obconic conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical obconical obe a form of West Indian witchcraft obeah obi obia obeahism a form of West Indian witchcraft obeism obiism obital relating to an obit, a religious office for a dead person obitual oblique slanting (verb, obs.) to deviate from a direct line obliquid obol a Greek coin obolus obsequie a funeral rite obsequy obsign to seal or confirm obsignate obtect of an insect, having wings and legs immovably pressed against the body in a hard obtected chitinous case obvolute of a leaf etc., having a margin that alternately overlaps and is overlapped by obvoluted that of an opposing leaf occupance the act or fact of occupying occupancy ocellate eyelike and ringed; having an eyelike spot or spots ocellated ocherous containing or resembling ochre ochery ochreous ochrey ochroid ochrous ochry ochone an Irish interjection of lamentation ohone 230 ochrea a sheath of stipules enclosing the leafstalks of certain plants ocrea ochreate having an ochrea, a scarious sheath round a stem ocreate octa a unit of cloud-cover, one-eighth sky okta octaploid eightfold; (noun) a cell, organism or form with eight sets of chromosomes octoploid octaroon a person having one-eighth Black blood; the offspring of a quadroon and a White octoroon octastyle having eight columns at the end; (noun) an octastyle building octostyle octet a composition for eight voices; a group of eight lines of verse octett octette octopod an octopus or other eight-armed creature octopodan oculate having eyes oculated oda a room in a harem odah odal of land in Orkney or Shetland, held by the old native form of freehold tenure; udal (noun) an estate so held odalique a female slave; a concubine in a harem odalisk odalisque odaller in the Orkneys and Shetlands, one who holds a udal estate udaller odeon a building for the performance of vocal and instrumental music, esp among the odeum ancient Greeks and Romans odor any smell, whether fragrant or offensive odour odored having an odor odoured odorful full of odours odourful odorless without odor odourless odyl the vital force odyle oe a grandchild oy oye oecist the founder of a colony oikist oedipal pertaining to the libidinous feelings of a son towards his mother oedipean oenomel a beverage of ancient Greece consisting of wine and honey oinomel offence something that causes upset offense 231 offerer the maker of an offer offeror offhand ungraciously curt offhanded offie an off-licence offy ogam a 6th C. Irish writing alphabet ogham ogamic of or like ogam oghamic ogmic ogreish like an ogre ogrish ogreism the character or manners of an ogre ogrism oka a Turkish unit of weight oke okeydoke OK okeydokey oldie an old person or thing oldy oldsquaw a kind of duck, aka hareld oldwife olefin a hydrocarbon of the ethylene series olefine olein a glycerine ester of oleic acid oleine olicook a kind of American doughnut olycook olykoek oligaemia abnormal deficiency of blood oligemia oligaemic relating to oligaemia, abnormal deficiency of blood oligemic ollamh an Irish master poet ollav omber a card game ombre ombrella an umbrella umbrella umbrello omelet a savoury dish made of eggs beaten and fried in a pan omelette omicron a Greek letter omikron omneity allness, the condition of being all omniety omphalic of or pertaining to the omphalos, the umbilicus, or navel omphaloid oncet once onst 232 oncogen an agent producing cancerous tumours oncogene oncome a coming on, a sudden onset, eg of rain onding oncus disordered, bad onkus ondine a female water spirit undine oneiric pertaining to dreams oniric oner something that is one of its kind wunner onery cantankerous ornery oneyer a (great) one oneyre onward going on onwardly onwards oobit a hairy caterpillar, esp of the tiger moth oubit woobut woubit oodles lots of oodlins oof money ooftish oogenesis the enlargement and meiosis of an oogonium that produces an ovum oogeny oologic relating to oology, the collection and study of birds' eggs oological oolong a kind of tea oulong oomiac an Eskimo canoe oomiack oomiak umiac umiack umiak umiaq oop to bind with thread, join oup oor our our oorali the plant yielding curare ourali ourari urali urari woorali woorara 233 woorari wourali oorial a wild sheep of central Asia, that has a reddish coat and long curved horns urial oorie dingy, shabby ourie owrie oosporic of or pertaining to an oospore, a special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization oosporous of an oosphere by antherozoids oot out; (noun) an out out opacous opaque opaque opalised made smooth, like opal opalized opercele an anatomical part that serves as a lid or cover opercule operculum ophiura a member of the Ophiura genus of brittle-stars or sand-stars ophiuran ophiurid ophiuroid optimiser one who optimises optimizer opulence conspicuous wealth opulency opuscle a short work opuscule opusculum orach a genus of the goosefoot family orache oracular of the nature of an oracle oraculous orang a reddish-brown, tree-dwelling anthropoid ape, found only in the forests of Sumatra orangutan and Borneo ourang orangerie a building for growing orange trees in a cool climate orangery orangey somewhat orange orangy orarion in the Orthodox Church, a deacon's stole orarium oratress a female orator, a woman who makes public addresses oratrix orc a killer whale orca orchard an area for the cultivation of fruit trees orchat orcin a dihydric phenol obtained from archil and other lichens orcine orcinol 234 orectic pertaining to desires and their satisfaction orective oregano wild marjoram origan origane origanum oreide an alloy used in imitation-gold jewelry oroide oreology the study of mountains orology orepearch to fly up and perch on overperch orfray gold or other rich embroidery on clerical robes orphrey organdie a fine translucent cotton organdy organic relating to living matter; (noun) an organic substance organical organiser one who organises organizer organon a method of philosophical or scientific investigation organum orgasmic relating to orgasm orgastic orgiastic relating to orgies orgic orgillous proud orgulous oribi a small S. African antelope ourebi oricalche a gold-coloured alloy; brass orichalc orient eastern; (noun) the part where the sun rises; (verb) to determine the position of, relatively orientate to fixed or known directions orinasal of or relating to the mouth and nose; (noun) a sound pronounced through both oronasal the mouth and nose orisha any of the minor gods or spirits of traditional Yoruba religion orixa orphic mystical, oracular orphical orrice the Florentine or other iris; its dried rootstock smelling of violets, used in orris perfumery oscine belonging to the sub-order of birds including singing birds; (noun) a singing bird oscinine oscitance yawning, sleepiness oscitancy osetra a type of caviar ossetra osmate a salt of the hypothetical osmic acid osmiate 235 osmious containing osmium in lower valency osmous osmol a unit of osmotic pressure osmole osmolar pertaining to, or having the property of, osmosis; as, osmolar force osmotic osmund any fern of the genus Osmunda, that includes royal fern osmunda ostracod a minute freshwater crustacean with a bivalve carapace ostracode ostracon a chip or shard of limestone or pottery used as a writing tablet ostrakon otalgia pain in the ear otalgy ouabain a poisonous alkaloid wabain ouakari a short-tailed, long-haired monkey uakari ouch an interjection expressing pain; (noun) a socket in which a precious stone is set owche (verb) to set a precious stone in a socket oughly ugly; (verb) to make ugly ouglie ouistiti a marmoset wistiti ouk a week oulk ounce a measurement of weight, 1/16th of a pound unce oundy wavy unde undee undy ouph an oaf, a changeling ouphe ouroboros a snake eating its own tail, symbolizing totality or completion uroboros ourology the study of urine or the urinary tract urinology urology ouroscopy the diagnosis of diseases by inspection of urine uroscopy ousel a European bird of the thrush family ouzel woosel woosell outby out of doors; a little way off outbye outermost farthest from the middle or interior outmost outhaul a rope used to haul a sail taut along a spar outhauler 236 outhire to hire out outhyre outjet a projection outjut outlander a foreigner uitlander outlaunce to launch forth outlaunch outred to surpass in redness outredden outroop an auction sale outrope outrooper an auctioneer; the Common Crier of the City outroper outward toward the outside outwards ouvert open ouverte ouvrier a (male) manual or industrial worker ouvriere ovarial of or pertaining to the ovaries ovarian over above; (noun) a delivery of six balls in cricket; (verb) to go, leap or vault over ower owre overby a little way over owerby overcast to sew stitches over a raw edge; to cover with stitches overkest overcraw to crow or triumph over overcrow overhaile to overtake overhale overlade to load to excess overload overleap to leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore owerloup overword the refrain of a song owreword oviducal relating to the oviduct, a passage conveying eggs their place of fertilization oviductal oviferous egg-carrying ovigerous oviform egg-shaped ovoid ovoidal ovular relating or belonging to an ovule ovulary owse an ox ox oxgang a bovate or one-eighth of a carucate of ploughland, the share attributed to each 237 oxgate ox in a team of eight oxland oxid a compound containing oxygen oxide oxidiser an oxidizing agent oxidizer oxim any of a number of compounds obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes oxime or ketones that contain a bivalent group attached to a carbon atom oxlip a flower like the cowslip oxslip oxo containing oxygen oxy oxyphil an organism that thrives in a relatively acid environment oxyphile oyes the call of a public crier for attention before making a proclamation; (noun) a proclamation oyez ozocerite a waxy natural paraffin ozokerite ozoniser an apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone ozonizer pa a hill fort pah pablum food, especially a suspension or solution of nutrients in a state suitable for pabulum absorption; something (as writing or speech) that is insipid, simplistic, or bland pabular of or relating to nourishment pabulous pacey fast, lively, smart pacy pacha an honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of pasha provinces, military commanders, etc pachadom the office of pacha pashadom pachak costus-root putchock putchuk pachalic the jurisdiction of a pasha pashalic pashalik pachisi a game, somewhat resembling backgammon, originating in India parcheesi parchesi parchisi pachouli an Asiatic tree with a fragrant perfume oil; the resulting perfume patchouli patchouly packfong a Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver pakfong pakthong paktong packwax the strong tendon in an animal's neck 238 paxwax padauk a Burmese timber-tree padouk paddock an enclosed field under pasture; (verb) to enclose as in a paddock puddock paddy a rice field padi pademelon any of several small wallabies padymelon paderero a term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered ordnance paterero pederero pedrero padishah a chief ruler; monarch; sovereign padshah padle a fish, aka lumpsucker paidle pedagog one who teaches; by extension, a pedant pedagogue paederast one who has anal sex with a boy pederast paedology the study of the growth and development of children pedology paeon a foot of four syllables, one long and three short paeonic paeony any of various stout perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs constituting the peony genus Paeonia paesan a fellow countryman paesano paisan paganiser one who converts others to paganism paganizer pagle a species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose paigle pagod an Eastern temple, esp in the form of a many-storeyed tapering tower pagoda pagri a turban, a light scarf worn round a hat to keep out the sun pugaree puggaree puggery puggree puggry pugree pagurian belonging to hermit crab family; (noun) a member of the hermit crab family pagurid paillasse a hard straw mattress palliasse painch the paunch paunch painim a pagan panim 239 paynim paint a colouring substance; (verb) to make a representation of with paints peinct paiock an obscure word conjectured to be a misprint for peacock paiocke pajock pajocke pairial a pair-royal, a throw of three dice all the same parial prial paitrick a partridge partridge pakahi acid land unfit for cultivation pakihi pakka genuine; first-class pucka pukka palaestra a wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general palestra palamino a horse of largely Arab blood, pale tan, yellow, or gold, with a white or silver palomino mane and tail palampore a flowered chintz bedcover common in Asia palempore palankeen a light litter for one passenger palanquin palea the membranous inner bract of a grass flower palet paleocene belonging to a certain geological time period paleogene palinode an ode or song recanting or retracting something in an earlier poem palinody palisade a fence of stakes used for defensive purposes; (verb) to equip with a palisade palisado palkee a palanquin palki palmarian worthy of the ceremonial palm; pre-eminent palmary palmate hand-shaped palmated palmie a stroke of the tawse on the palm palmy palmiped a web-footed bird palmipede palmist a person who tells fortunes by reading palms palmister palp a sense organ attached to mouth-parts of certain insects and crustacea; (verb) to palpus sense by touch palstaff a peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the Bronze palstave Age paludal of marshes paludic 240 paludinal paludine paludose marshy; living in marshes paludous pampa a vast treeless plain in S. America pampas pomelo the shaddock or grapefruit pompelo pumelo pummelo panacea a remedy for all diseases; a thing for solving all difficulties or adopted in panachaea every case of difficulty panatela a long thin cigar panatella panetela panetella pance the pansy pansy paunce pawnce pancheon a wide-brimmed, shallow vessel into which milk was poured and left to settle, panchion so that the cream could separate pandar one who procures sexual favours; (verb) to procure sexual favours pander pandit a Hindu learned in Sanskrit pundit pandoor one of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army pandour paneling panel-work panelling panelised made in sections for quick assembly panelized panelist one who serves on a panel panellist pangen a hypothetical unit of living matter pangene panick any grass of the genus Panicum panicum pannick panier a provision-basket; a basket carried over one's back pannier panisc an inferior god, attendant upon Pan panisk panmixia random mating within a population, esp of a model system panmixis pannicle a thin, sheet-like garment pannikel panocha a type of fudge panoche penoche penuche 241 penuchi pantable a slipper, an overshoe pantoffle pantofle pantoufle pantalet long drawers, usually trimmed with ruffles, extending below the skirts pantalets pantalon a movement in a quadrille pantalone panter the officer in a great family who had charge of the bread and other provisions pantler pantie a woman's or child's undergarment panty pantihose tights worn by women or children with ordinary dress pantyhose pantoum a verse form in quatrains, in which the second and fourth lines appear as first pantun and third line of next quatrain, and the last line repeats the first line paolo an obsolete papal silver coin paul papadam a thin circle of dough fried in oil until crisp papadom papadum pappadam pappadom popadum poppadom poppadum puppodum papaw a tree of the custard-apple family; its fruit papaya pawpaw papillar like, of the nature of, or having, papillae papillary papillose covered with papules or papillae papillous papish a supporter of the Pope papisher papist papoose a native American infant pappoose pappose furnished with a pappus; downy pappous paprica a hot spice derived from Hungarian red pepper paprika papula a pimple papule papulose covered with papules or papillae papulous papyrian like papyrus, a parchment made from reeds papyrine paradisal relating to paradise 242 paradisic paraffin any saturated hydrocarbon of the methane series; (verb) to treat with paraffin paraffine paraffle a pretentious display, a fuss parafle paragoge the addition of a sound to the end of a word eg heighth for height paragogue parakeet a small long-tailed parrot paraquet paraquito paroquet parrakeet parroket parroquet paralyse to afflict with paralysis paralyze paralyser a paralysing agent paralyzer paranoea a form of mental derangement; insanity paranoia paranoeic suffering from paranoia; (noun) someone suffering from paranoia paranoiac paranoic paravant before, in front paravaunt parazoan any member of the Parazoa, a sponge parazoon parcimony sparingness or reluctance in the spending of money parsimony pard a leopard pardal pardale pardalis pardah seclusion of women from public observation among Muslims and some Hindus purda purdah pardee assuredly, by God pardi pardie pardy perdie perdy parecious of certain mosses, having the male and female reproductive organs near one another paroicous parella a crustaceous lichen yielding archil parelle pareo a Polynesian wraparound skirt pareu parev of food, containing neither dairy nor meat ingredients pareve parve 243 parfleche rawhide soaked in lye and water, then dried on a stretcher for shields parflesh pargana a division of an administrative district in zillah in India pergunnah pargeter one who pargets, plasters pargetter parischan a parish parishen parochin parochine parka a fur shirt or coat with a hood parkee parki parkin a north of England ginger cake made with treacle and oatmeal perkin parkward towards a park parkwards parlando to be sung in a style suggestive of speech (eg Gilbert and Sullivan) parlante parlor a private room set apart for conversation parlour parlous perilous perilous perlous parodic having the character of parody parodical parotic situated near the ear parotid parotis parpane a stone passing through a wall from face to face parpen parpend parpent parpoint perpent parral a band by which a yard is fastened to a mast parrel parridge porridge parritch porridge parsec a unit of astronomical distance secpar parsleyed adorned with parsley parslied parsnep an umbelliferous plant or its edible carrot-like root parsnip partake to participate pertake partier one who parties partyer partisan biased; (noun) an adherent, esp a blind or unreasoning adherent, of a party or 244 partizan a faction parura a set of ornaments or jewels parure pashim the fine underfleece of the goats of N. India, used for making rugs, shawls etc pashm paspy a Breton dance resembling a quick minuet passepied passament a decorative trimming of beads or braid; (verb) to trim with braid passement passment passe out of date, or nearly so passee passible capable of suffering or being acted on patible pastance a pastime pastime pastie a meat pie pasty pastil a small, often medicated, sweet pastille pastitsio a dish of mincemeat and macaroni topped with bechamel sauce pastitso pastrami highly seasoned smoked beef pastromi patamar a vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon pattamar paten a plate; a metal disk used to hold Communion bread patin patercove a hedge-priest patrico pathogen an agent that causes disease, esp a micro-organism pathogene pattee of a cross, having limbs which are nearly triangular, being very narrow where paty they meet and widening out towards the extremities pattie a little pie; a flat cake patty pattle a small long-handled spade for cleaning a plough pettle patulent spreading; wide-spreading; open patulous patzer an inept chess player potzer paua a name for the abalone shell pawa pauldron a shoulder-plate of a suit of armour pouldron puldron pavan a stately English Renaissance court dance pavane paven pavin 245 paver a person who lays paving-stones; a machine for tamping down paving-stones pavior paviour pavis a shield for the entire body pavisse pavonian of or relating to peacocks pavonine pawaw a conference between American Indians; (verb) to hold such a conference powwow pawner one who pawns or pledges pawnor payer one who pays payor payfone a coin-operated public telephone payphone peacod the pod of the pea peapod peascod peasecod peag wampum; beads used as money peage pean a heraldic fur resembling ermine but having gold markings on a black field; peen (verb) to beat thin with a hammer pein pene pearce to pierce perce percen perse pierce peare a peer, equal peer pearlin a lace of silk or thread, used as edging pearling pearlised treated so as to give a pearly or lustry surface pearlized pearst pierced perst pierst peart active, lively, brisk; smart piert peasant a person of inferior social rank pesant pesaunt pezant pease a pea; (verb, obs.) to balance, poise peaze peyse poyse peatary a region, bog or moor covered with peat peatery 246 petary peavey a lumberman's spiked lever peavy pech to pant pegh pedaler one who pedals pedaller pedder a pedlar pedlar pedler pether peddlery the trade of peddler pedlary pedlery pedicel a short stalk pedicle peece a piece piece peekabo a child's peeping game peekaboo peekapoo a dog which is a cross between a Pekinese and a poodle pekepoo peeoy a home-made firework pioy pioye peepe a pip pip peepul the bo tree pipal pipul peerie small; (noun, Scots) a cone-shaped wooden toy peery peewee a bird, the lapwing or plover peewit pewit peishwa the chief minister of the Mahrattas peishwah peshwa pelagial of or pertaining to the sea pelagian pellach a porpoise pellack pellock peloria abnormal symmetry of structure in flowers normally zygomorphic (eg toadflax) pelorism pelory pelorian showing peloria, an abnormal regularity in flowers peloric pelorised affected with peloria pelorized pemican dried meat pounded with berries 247 pemmican pemphigus a somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs upon pemphix different part of the body pencel a small pennon pensel pensil penciler one who pencils penciller pendant anything hanging, esp for ornament pendent peneplain a low gently, rolling landscape produced by long-continued erosion peneplane penfold a place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined pinfold penguin a flightless, aquatic bird pinguin peni penny penie penny penial relating to the penis penile penill a verse or stanza in Welsh poetry pennill penitence the state of being penitent penitency penlight a small torch penlite pennate winged; feathered pennated penneech an old card-game with a new trump for every trick penneeck pennine a mineral of the chlorite group penninite pennoncel a small flag like a pennon penoncel penology the study of crime and punishment poenology pentene an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the olefine series pentylene pentosan a complex carbohydrate found in cellulose pentosane penuchle a card game played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight penuckle spots in two packs pinochle pinocle penult the last but one syllable penultima peonage the state of being a peon peonism peperoni a hard, spicy pork and beef sausage pepperoni 248 peplos a draped outer robe worn usually by women in ancient Greece peplum peplus pepo any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd peponida peponium pepsin any of group of digestive enzymes in the gastric juice of invertebrates pepsine peptid any of a number of substances formed from amino acids in which the amino group peptide of one is joined to the carboxyl group of another peptiser an agent that peptises peptizer peraeon the thorax of some crustaceans pereion pereon peraeopod a crustacean's thoracic walking-leg pereiopod pereopod perai a voracious S. American fish pirai pirana piranha piraya perceant piercing persant persaunt percine of or like a perch percoid perdu lost to view; in concealment or ambush; (noun) (Shakesp.) one lying in ambush perdue peregrin a kind of falcon peregrine perentie a large monitor lizard of Australia perenty perfect without flaw; (verb) to make perfect perfet perfumer a person engaged in making or selling perfumes perfumier periagua a dugout canoe piragua pirogue piroque peribolos precinct; enclosing wall of a precinct peribolus pericopal relating to a pericope, an excerpt or passage read during religious services pericopic peridot a gemstone, a pale green variety of olivine peridote perigeal relating to a perigee, the point of the moon's orbit at which it is nearest the perigean earth perinaeum the lower part of the body between the genital organs and the anus 249 perineum periodid an iodid, a salt of hydriodic acid periodide peripetia a sudden and violent change in circumstances, especially in drama peripety perjink prim, finical prejink permutate to alter the order, sequence, or arrangement of permute perogi a traditional Polish dish, a semicircular filled dumpling pierogi pirogi peroxid an oxide with the highest proportion of oxygen peroxide peroxo containing the bivalent group O2 peroxy perruque a kind of wig peruke perseline purslane purslain purslane persico a cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit persicot persuade to cause to do something by means of argument, reasoning, or entreaty perswade pertuse punched; pierced; slit pertused perv pervert; (verb) to behave as a sexual pervert perve petaled having petals petalled petaline of or like a petal petaloid petar a petard petard petara in India, a travelling box for clothes pitara pitarah petasos the winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks petasus and Romans petiolate having a petiole, a leafstalk petioled petit small, esp of build petite petnaper one who kidnaps pets petnapper petulance peevish impatience petulancy petuntse a feldspathic rock used in making Chinese porcelain petuntze peyote a Mexican intoxicant made from cactus tops 250 peyotl peytral a piece of armour for the breast of a horse peytrel poitrel pfennig a small copper coin of Germany, the hundredth part of a mark pfenning pfui an exclamation of contempt, scorn etc phooey phacoid lens-shaped, lentil-shaped phacoidal phaenogam any plant of the class Phaenogamia, flowering plants phenogam phantom an immaterial form, a spectre phantosme phare a lighthouse or beacon pharos pheazar perhaps for vizier vezir visier vizier vizir wazir wizier phenacite a mineral, beryllium silicate, sometimes deceptively like quartz phenakite phenate a compound of phenol analogous to a salt phenolate phenazin a chemical compound phenazine phenetol the ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid phenetole phenix a bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to phoenix rise again from its ashes phial a container for liquids, esp now a small bottle; (verb) to put or keep in a phial vial philomel a nightingale philomela philter a love potion; magic potion; (verb) to put under the spell of a love potion philtre phiz physiognomy, the face phizog phobia an irrational fear phobism phobic relating to phobias; (noun) one suffering from a phobia phobist phonetics the branch of linguistics that deals with pronunciation and speech production phonics phoney counterfeit, fake; (verb) to fake, counterfeit phony phosphid a binary compound of phosphorus phosphide 251 phosphin a colorless gas analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling phosphine that of garlic phosphor phosphorus; a phosphorescent or fluorescent substance generally phosphore photogen a light-producing organ in animals photogene photolyse to cause photolysis in photolyze photopsia the appearance of light flashes due to retinal irritation photopsy phpht an expression of mild irritation or annoyance pht phratral relating to a phratry, a clan or tribe phratric phthisic phthisis; also, vaguely, any lung or throat disease phthisis phwoah an expression of appreciation of the attractiveness of another person phwoar phylar related to a phylum, a main division of the animal and vegetable kingdom phylic phylon a main division of the animal and vegetable kingdom phylum piasaba a type of palm yielding a coarse stiff fibre for making brooms piasava piassaba piassava piaster a N. African monetary unit piastre picaninny a little child, esp black piccanin picaroon a pirate ship; (verb) to act as a pirate pickaroon piccadill a cut or vandyked edging, esp to a woman's collar pickadil pickadill pickaback a carry on one's back; (verb) to carry somone on one's back pickapack pickback piggyback pickax a tool with a blade and a pointed end, used for digging; (verb) to dig with a pickaxe pickaxe picket a person or group stationed to watch and dissuade those who go to work during picquet a strike; (verb) to act as a picket piquet picolin a compound related to pyridine picoline picometer a trillionth of a metre picometre picul a unit of weight used in China and SE. Asia, equal to about 100 catties pikul pidgeon a simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages 252 pidgin pie a quantity of meat, fruit, or other food baked within or under a crust of prepared pye pastry; (verb) to reduce to confusion piebald of different colors esp spotted or blotched with black and white; (noun) a piebald pyebald horse pied old past of pie, to reduce to confusion pioted piedfort an unusually thick coin piefort piet a magpie pyat pyet pyot piggie a little pig piggy piglet a little pig pigling pigmaean pygmy-like pigmean pygmaean pygmean pigmoid of pygmy form pygmoid pignerate to pledge or pawn pignorate pignoli the edible kernels of pine cones pignolia pigsney darling, sweetheart pigsnie pigsny pigswill kitchen etc waste fed to pigs pigwash pilaf a dish of rice pilaff pilao pilau pilaw pillau pilow pulao pileate of a mushroom, having a pileus, an umbrella-shaped portion pileated pilgrim someone who goes on a pilgrimage pilgrimer pilose having scattered soft or moderately stiff hairs pilous pilsener a light-coloured flavoursome variety of lager pilsner pilula a small pill pilule pinacoid a crystal face, or a crystallographic form consisting of a pair of faces, parallel 253 pinakoid to two axes pindaree a mercenary freebooter troublesome in India pindari pinder one who impounds cattle pinner pine any tree of the north temperate coniferous genus Pinus; (verb) to yearn intensely pyne piney having eg the fragrance of pine piny pioney piony pinkie small; (noun) the little finger pinky pinnate like a feather; with leaflets on either side of a leafstalk pinnated pinnie pinafore pinny pinniped a member of the Pinnipeda, seals, walruses, and other such sea mammals pinnipede pinnula one of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf pinnule pinon an edible pine seed; the tree bearing it pinyon pintada a kind of petrel; the Cape guinea fowl pintado pioneer someone who is among the first in new fields of enterprise, exploration etc. pioner (verb) to take part in the beginnings of pyoner pipage transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge pipeage for such transportation pipet a tube for transferring and measuring fluids pipette piquance pungency piquancy piratic of or pertaining to a pirate piratical piriform shaped like a pear pyriform pirlicue a peroration; a resume in conclusion; (verb) to give a peroration purlicue pirojki a small Russian pastry made with meat or cabbage filling piroshki pirozhki pisheog sorcery pishoge pishogue pisky a small fairy pixie pixy pistoleer one who uses a pistol pistolero 254 pistolier pitahaya a giant cactus of Central America pitaya pituita phlegm, mucus pituite pixieish like a pixie pixyish placative tending to placate placatory placcat a leather doublet with strips of steel placcate placket placet a decision of a court or assembly placit placitum plaguey vexatious plaguy plainful complaining plaintful plaister plaster; (verb) to plaster plaster plait a braid in which strands are passed over one another in turn; (verb) to form a braid plat in this fashion planaria a kind of aquatic flatworm planarian planch a plank, a board; (verb, obs.) to floor, board planche plantlet a small plant plantling planuria the discharge of urine through an abnormal passage planury plasmatic of or like a plasma, an ionized gas containing electrons and free positive ions plasmic plast old form of place, to set in a particular position plaste yplast plastron a fencer's padded breast-shield; a steel breastplate worn under a hauberk plastrum platan the plane tree platane platy like a plate; consisting of plates; (noun) a small tropical fish platyfish plebean plebeian plebeian plectre a pick for stringed instruments plectron plectrum pledgeor a person who deposits something as a pledge or pawn pledger pledgor pleiocene of the Pliocene geological time period 255 pliocene pleonal relating to the pleon, the abdomen of crustaceans pleonic plessor a small, rubber-headed hammer that physicians use to test reflexes plexor pleuch a plough; (verb) to plough pleugh pleurisy inflammation of the pleurae pleuritis plew a beaver pelt plu plue plication the act of folding plicature plimsol a rubber-soled canvas shoe plimsole plimsoll pliskie a practical joke; a trick plisky plong to plunge plonge plunge plonker a large marble plunker plook a small spot, a pimple plouk plookie pimply plooky ploukie plouky plotter one who plots; (verb) (Scots) to dabble in liquid; to potter plouter plowter plottie a spiced hot drink, such as mulled wine plotty ploughboy a boy who drives or guides horses in ploughing plowboy plougher one who ploughs plower ploughman a man who drives or guides horses in ploughing plowman plumate having feathers or plumes plumose plumous plump well-rounded and full in form; (verb) to make plump plumpie plumpy plumula a little feather or plume plumule plusage an extra amount plussage 256 pluvial rainy; (noun) a floor-length open-fronted ecclesiastical garment pluvian pluviose pluvious pochard a kind of European duck with a red head pockard pocosen an upland swamp of the coastal plain of the southeastern U.S pocosin pocoson podagral gouty podagric podagrous podal of the feet podalic podge a short, thickset person pudge podgy corpulent pudgy podsol a leached soil formed in cool, humid climates podzol poetess a female poet poetresse poetiser one who poetises poetizer pohiri a ceremony of welcome, esp to a marae powhiri poignado a small dagger poinado poniard poignance the state of being poignant poignancy poignant emotionally distressing poynant point a sharp end; (verb) to indicate direction with the finger poynt poison a harmful substance; (verb) to administer a harmful substance to poyson poitin illicitly distilled Irish whisky poteen potheen potteen pokeroot an aromatic perennial herb of the United States pokeweed pokey confined; (noun) jail poky polacca a vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean polacre polariser a device for polarising light polarizer poleax a battle-axe consisting of an axe-head on a long handle poleaxe 257 pollaxe policy an action or a procedure considered with reference to prudence or expediency pollicie pollicy polk to dance a polka polka pollack a marine gadoid fish, aka coalfish or sillock pollock pollan a whitefish, plentiful in Irish loughs powan pollenate to fertilise with pollen pollinate poller one who polls eg trees or hair pollist polliwig a tadpole polliwog pollywig pollywog porwiggle polverine barilla ash, used in glass-making pulverine polyglot one who speaks many languages polyglott polynia an area of open water amidst sea ice, as in the Arctic polynya polyp an octopus or cuttlefish, later extended to various other marine animals polype poulp poulpe polyped a many-legged animal polypod polyphon a character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as read, which is polyphone pronounced red polypide a polyp of a colonial animal polypite pomade ointment for the hair; (verb) to apply pomade to pomatum pomeroy an old variety of apple pomroy pommel a knob, esp on a sword-hilt; (verb) to beat with the fists pummel pommele in heraldry, having a pommel pommelled pommetty pommie an Englishman pommy pompion a pumpkin pumpion pumpkin punkin pompom any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet 258 pompon pompoon poncey effeminate; snobby, ostentatious poncy pondok in S. Africa, a small hut, a shack pondokkie poney a small horse pony powney pownie powny pong a bad smell; (verb) to stink ponk ponga a tall tree-fern of New Zealand, with soft thick leaves punga pontal relating to the pons of the brain pontic pontianac a naturally occurring rubber-like substance, aka jelutong pontianak pontie an iron rod used in holding and manipulating glassware during manufacture pontil pontile ponty puntee punty pontifex a chief priest pontiff ponton a float, a bridge of boats; the floating gate of a dock pontoon pontoneer a builder of pontoon bridges pontonier pontooner poof an effeminate person, a homosexual pooftah poofter poove pouf pouff pouffe pouftah poufter poofy effeminate poovy pooja a Hindu act of worship or prayer poojah puja pujah pook to pluck, pinch pouk poop the after part of a ship; (verb) to fool, cozen poupe 259 poori in India, a small cake of unleavened bread fried in vegetable oil puri poortith poverty puirtith poperin a variety of pear poppering poprin popliteal of or relating to the back of the knee poplitic popsie a term of endearment popsy porgie a species of saltwater fish, a sea-bream porgy poriferal relating to the Porifera, sponges poriferan porose full of pores porous porpess a porpoise porpesse porrenger a small dish for soup or porridge porringer pottinger portague a former Portuguese gold coin portigue portapack a small portable combined videotape and camera portapak portas a portable breviary porteous portess portesse porthors porthos porthouse portous porteress a female porter portress portolan in the Middle Ages, a navigation manual portolano portulan portray to paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a king on horseback pourtray pos positive poz pozz posable that can be posed poseable posey given to posing posy poshteen an Afghan greatcoat posteen postin 260 positon a particle differing from the electron in having a positive charge positron posole maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water, aka pozole hominy possie a position pozzy postiche a wig, false hair; an ornament added, especially inappropriately, to finished postique thing posturer one who postures posturist potage a thick soup or stew of vegetables and sometimes, meat pottage potash a powerful alkali, potassium carbonate; (verb) to treat with potash potass potch to push violently, thrust potche potence the quality of being potent potency pother a commotion or fuss; (verb) to make a pother pudder potlach a social event or celebration which features reciprocal gift-giving potlache potlatch potshard a fragment of pottery potshare potsherd potsie a child's game potsy pouder powder poudre poulder pouldre pouther powder pouke a mischievous sprite puck poulard a fattened or spayed hen poularde poulter a dealer in dead fowls and game poulterer pound a unit of money or weight; (verb) to strike heavily and repeatedly pownd pour to cause to flow powre poursew to pursue poursue pursew pursue poursuit pursuit pursuit pousowdie any mixture of heterogeneous kinds of food 261 powsowdy poussie pussy, a familiar name for a cat pussy powin a peacock pown pozzolan volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of pozzolana mortar which hardens under water puzzolana praam a flat-bottomed boat or lighter, used in Holland and the Baltic, and sometimes pram armed in case of war practic practice practice practick practique practicer one who practices practiser praeamble a preamble preamble praecipe a writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it precipe praedial relating to or connected with the land or farming; (noun) a praedial slave predial praefect a prefect prefect praelect to lecture prelect praenomen the first name of an ancient Roman prenomen praeses a president or chairman preses praetor a magistrate of ancient Rome pretor prahu a swift Malayan sailboat with triangular sail and one outrigger prao prau proa praline a kind of chocolate prawlin prance to spring forward on the hind legs praunce pranck to fold, pleat prancke pratie a potato praty preace to press prease preasse press precepit a precipice precipice precurrer a precursor 262 precursor predicant a preacher; spec. a member of a predicant religious order predikant predicter one who predicts predictor preemie a premature baby prem premature premie premy preeve to prove preve prieve prove prefard preferred preferred pregnance pregnancy pregnancy preif proof preife prief priefe proof prelacy the office of a prelate; church government prelaty prelatial relating to a prelate, a bishop or abbot of superior rank prelatic prelusive introductory prelusory premed a student preparing for the study of medicine premedic presbyte an elder in the early Christian church presbyter prescient having foresight or knowledge of what will happen prescious pressie a present prezzie pretence the act of pretending pretense preterit signifying past time or a completed action preterite preview an advance viewing; (verb) to view or exhibit in advance prevue prewyn a prune pruine prune prex the president of a college prexy priapean pertaining to male reproductive power priapic price the amount for which a thing is sold; (verb) to set a value on 263 prys pricey expensive PRICILY pricy prier one who pries pryer priggery the state of being priggish priggism primaeval belonging to the earth's beginnings primeval primatial of or pertaining to ecclesiastical primacy; (noun) a primate primatic primer a book that covers the basics of a subject primmer primitiae the first year's revenue of a benefice primitias princekin a petty prince princelet princock an arrogant effeminate fellow; a coxcomb princox priorate the state or office of a prior priorship priser a prize-fighter prizer prithee an expression of wish or request prythee probative testing, affording proof probatory procaryon the nucleus of a blue-green alga, bacterium etc prokaryon processer something that processes processor prochain next, as in prochain ami, a legal term prochein prodromal of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the prodromal stage of a disease prodromic prodrome a prefatory work; an initial symptom of a disease prodromus proem an introduction, a prelude prooemion prooemium profiler one who profiles profilist profuse pouring forth generously profusive proign to preen, prune proin proine proyn proyne prolamin one of a group of proteins found in wheat and rye prolamine 264 prole a proletarian; (verb, obs.) to prowl proll proul prowl proler a prowler proller prouler prowler promiser one who makes a promise promisor promissor proo a call to a cow to come near pruh propanoic as in propanoic acid, a colourless carboxylic acid propionic propeller someone who, or something which, propels propellor propene a colorless gaseous hydrocarbon of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor propylene propodeon in some Hymenoptera, the first abdominal segment propodeum prorogate to end a session (of Parliament); to postpone (a meeting) prorogue prosaic relating to prose; dull, banal prosaical proseucha a place of prayer, an oratory proseuche prosit a toast to good health prost prosodian one skilled in prosody prosodist pross a prostitute prossie prostie protamin any of a class of simple basic proteins which occur combined with nucleic acids protamine (esp in fish sperm) protecter one who protects protector proteid an archaic name for protein proteide protein protester one who protests protestor prothyl a hypothetical primitive substance from which the chemical elements were thought protyl to have been formed protyle protist one of the Protista, protozoans, algae, bacteria, and other forms not readily protistan classified as plant or animal protoxid that one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen protoxide protozoan any member of the Protozoa 265 protozoon provable that can be proved proveable provand an allowance of food; provender provend proviant provedor a purveyor provedore providor provisor prunella a strong silk or woollen material, formerly used for academic and clerical gowns prunelle and women's shoes prurience the state of being prurient pruriency pruta an Israeli monetary unit prutah psaltery an ancient stringed musical instrument psaltry pseud a pretentious, false person pseudo psst an interjection used to attract attention pst psychic relating to the psyche; (noun) one sensitive to extrasensory phenomena psychical ptisan a wholesome or medicinal drink or infusion, orig. spec. made with barley; now tisane (esp), a herbal tea ptomain a poisonous alkaloid found in decaying matter ptomaine ptooey an imitation of the sound of someone spitting ptui puberal of or pertaining to puberty pubertal pucelle a slut; a maid or virgin pussel puzel puzzel pudden a pudding pudding pudsey pudgy, podgy pudsy puggie a monkey puggy pugh an expression of contempt puh puisne puny; surviving as a term applied to certain junior judges; (noun) a puisne judge puisny puny puissant powerful puissaunt pukey reminiscent of or resembling vomit puky 266 pulk a Laplander's boat-shaped sledge pulka pulkha pulmonary of or pertaining to the lungs pulmonic pulpiteer someone who speaks from a pulpit, a preacher pulpiter pulsatile of musical instruments, played by percussion pulsative pulsejet in jet propulsion, an intermittent jet pulsojet pultan an Indian infantry regiment pulton pultoon pultun pulture a foresters' claim of subsistence within bounds of forest puture pulvil perfumed powder; snuff; (verb) to powder pulvilio pulville pulvillio pumie a pebble pumy punaani the female genitalia; women collectively, regarded as sexual objects punaany punani punany punctate marked with points or dots punctated puncto a nice point of form or ceremony punto pungence the state of being pungent pungency punitive relating to punishment punitory punka a large palm-leaf fan suspended from the ceiling used esp in India punkah punkey a biting gnat punkie pupilage the state of being a pupil or under age pupillage pupilar relating to a pupil or ward pupilary pupillar pupillary pur to make a sound like a cat purr purin a white crystalline substance which with oxygen forms uric acid purine purlin a supporting timber stretching across rafters purline 267 purpie purslane, or perhaps brooklime purpy purple of a colour intermediate between red and blue; (noun) the colour purple; (verb) purpure to make purple purpureal purtraid portrayed purtrayd purulence the state of being purulent purulency pusle a puzzle puzzle pusley purslane pussley pussly pustular of or pertaining to pustules pustulous putcheon a wire trap for catching salmon putcher putlock a cross-piece in a scaffolding putlog puttee a long strip of cloth wound round lower leg, especially as part of army uniform puttie pyaemia blood-poisoning accompanied by widespread abscesses pyemia pycnic characterized by shortness of stature, broadness of girth, and powerful muscularity pyknic pycnosis the shrinkage of the stainable material of a nucleus into a deeply staining knot, pyknosis usually a feature of cell degeneration pyengadu the ironwood tree pyinkado pyorrhea suppuration in the sockets of the teeth pyorrhoea pyorrheal relating to pyorrhea, suppuration in the sockets of the teeth pyorrheic pyralid a kind of moth pyralidid pyralis pyramid a solid figure with triangular sides meeting at a point; (verb) to set up (a pyramis company) as part of a pyramid aiming at financial growth from a small initial investment pyrite a brassy yellow mineral, iron disulphide pyrites pyritic consisting of, or resembling, pyrites pyritical pyritous pyrolyse to decompose by pyrolysis, the application of heat pyrolyze pyrope a fiery red gemstone, a variety of garnet pyropus pyroxyle any of the nitrocelluloses pyroxylin 268 pyrrol a colourless toxic liquid found in many naturally occurring compounds, eg chlorophyll pyrrole qindar a monetary unit of Albania, equal to one-hundredth of a lek qintar quintar quackery charlatanism quackism quad prison; (verb) to imprison quod quaestor an ancient Roman public treasurer or assistant military commander questor quagmire a bog; (verb) to be sunk or stuck in a quagmire wagmoire quaich a drinking-cup quaigh quaint pleasantly odd queint quair a quire; a book quire quandang a small Australian tree of the sandalwood family quandong quantong quantiser one who quantises, expresses in terms of quanta quantizer quarenden a kind of early red apple quarender quarrian a kind of cockatiel quarrion quartet a set of four; a composition for four voices or instruments quartett quartette quartetto quartzose of or containing quartz quartzous quashee a black person, esp in the West Indies quashie quatch to stir, move quetch quich quinche quitch quazzy unwell queasy queazy queachy forming a thicket; boggy queechy quean a young woman queyn quine queest the ring-dove or wood-pigeon quist 269 quoist quelch to squelch squelch quercetin a yellow crystalline compound obtained from the inner bark of the quercitron oak quercitin questant one who quests quester quetzal a gold and green bird of Central America with long tail feathers quezal queynie diminutive of queyn, a girl quinie quibble an evasive turning away from the point in question to something irrelevant; quiblin (verb) to argue over trivialities quillet quickie a hurried act of sexual intercourse quicky quiddit the inherent nature or essence of anything; any trifling nicety; a quibble quiddity quinela a bet whereby the bettor must pick first two winners of a race but not necessarily quinella in order quiniela quinin a colourless, bitter alkaloid obtained from cinchona bark, used as an antipyretic quinina or analgesic quinine quinolin a pungent, colourless, oily liquid, first obtained from quinine and used eg as quinoline a food preservative quintet a composition for five voices or instruments quintett quintette quipo a device of knotted cords, used by Incas of Peru to calculate or order information quippu quipu quipper a person given to making clever remarks quipster quight to quit, depart from quit quite quyte quixotism quixotic principles, character, or practice; a quixotic action, statement, or quixotry idea rabat to rotate into coincidence with another plane rabatte rabato a stiff collar or support for a ruff rebato rabbi a Jewish expounder or doctor of the law rabbin rabbinist a person who adheres to the Talmud and traditions of the rabbis rabbinite rabbito an itinerant seller of rabbits for eating rabbitoh racahout acorn meal, used by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a beverage 270 raccahout for invalids raccoon a small American animal related to the bears racoon racemose growing in the form of a raceme as racemose berries or flowers racemous rach a dog that hunts by scent rache rachet a pawl and/or ratchet-wheel; (verb) to move by use of a rachet ratchet rachidial of or like a rachis, the spine or axis of a feather rachidian rachilla the axis of a grass spikelet rhachilla rachis the spine or axis of a feather rhachis rachitis inflammation of the spine; rickets rhachitis racialism a doctrine of racial superiority racism racketeer a criminal who runs a protection racket; (verb) to run a protection racket racketer raddle red ochre; (verb) to redden with this reddle raddleman one who marks eg sheep with raddle reddleman ruddleman raddocke a robin ruddock radiance the quality of being radiant radiancy radicel a rootlike organ or part radicle radicule raffia a genus of handsome pinnately-leaved palms raphia raftman one who works on the rafts raftsman ragde ragged ragged ragee a kind of millet raggee raggy ragi ragg a rough hard stone ragstone ragman a man who collects, or deals in, rags (obs.) a document with pendent seals ragment raguled of a line, with oblique projections like stubs raguly raia a non-Muslim subject of Turkey raya 271 rayah rail a bar forming a support, a fence, a guard, a track for wheels, etc; (verb) to scold rayle in abusive or insolent language raine to reign rayne reign raird an uproar reird raisable capable of being raised raiseable rait to soak flax ret raiyat an Indian peasant ryot raja an Indian ruler rajah rakee a strong spirit distilled in Turkey, Yugoslavia, etc., from grain, usually flavoured raki with aniseed or other aromatics rakia a kind of fruit brandy produced by distillation of fermented fruit, popular throughout rakija the Balkans rakshas in Hindu mythology, an evil spirit rakshasa rally a gathering for a common purpose; (verb) to call together for a common purpose reallie ramakin a small casserole dish in which cheese souffle, eggs etc. are served ramekin ramequin ramal of or pertaining to a ramus or branch rameal rameous ramate branched, as the stem or root of a plant ramose ramous ramee rhea or China grass, a plant of the nettle family rami ramie ramilie a type of wig ramillie rampage aggressively excited behaviour or rushing about; (verb) to storm, rush about wildly rampauge rampart a flat-topped defensive mound; that which defends; (verb) to fortify or surround rampire with ramparts rampick a dead tree or tree decayed at top rampike rampole ranpike ramtil a plant of the Indian subcontinent, cultivated for the oil pressed from the seeds ramtilla ramulose having many small branches, or ramuli ramulous rancel a search for stolen goods 272 ransel ranzel rancor inveterate and bitter ill feeling; malignant hatred or spitefulness rancour rancored full of rancor rancoured randie a violent beggar, esp a woman randy random haphazard; (noun) a rush, full speed randon ranee an Indian queen rani range to place in a particular order raunge raphe a seam-like junction rhaphe raphide a needle-like crystal, usually of calcium oxalate, occurring in plant cells raphis rhaphide rhaphis rapini immature turnip plants rappini rarefy to make less dense rarify rareripe a fruit that ripens early ratheripe rathripe rascalism rascally conduct rascality rase to level to the ground raze raser one that rases razer rassle to wrestle warsle warstle wrassle wrastle wraxle wrestle rasure the act of scraping; erasure razure ratable capable of being rated; (noun) property that is liable to rates rateable ratafee any liqueur made from fruit or from brandy with added fruit; a flavouring essence ratafia made from almonds ratan any of various esp Malaysian climbing plants with long thin stems rattan rotan ratany a type of S. American shrub with astringent (styptic, contracting) roots rhatany 273 rateen a rough dress fabric ratine ratteen ratlin any of the small lines forming the steps of the rigging of ships ratline ratling rattlin rattline rattling ratoo a local chief or ruler in Indonesia ratu ratoon a new shoot from the ground after cutting, esp of sugar-cane or cotton; (verb) to rattoon send up ratoons ratton a rat rottan rotten raun fish-roe; female fish rawn raveler one who ravels raveller raveling a ravelled out thread ravelling ravigote vinegar sauce, minced onion, capers, and herbs ravigotte rawbone having little flesh rawboned rawing a second mowing of grass in the same season, an aftermath rowen raygrass a pasture and fodder type of grass ryegrass razorclam a lamellibranch mollusc with a shell like an old-fashioned razor handle razorfish reaedify to rebuild reaedifye reedify reak to reckon, care for, heed reck reke realgar a bright-red monoclinic mineral resalgar realiser one who realises realizer realm a kingdom reame reamer an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used for enlarging a round hole, rimmer as the bore of a cannon, etc rean a drainage channel reen rhine rhyne reanalyse to analyse again 274 reanalyze rearmouse a bat reremouse rearward towards the rear rearwards reast to become rancid reest reist reata a lariat riata reave to rob, plunder reive rieve reaver a raider, plunderer reiver riever reawake to awake again rewake rewaken rebec a medieval musical instrument like a mandolin or viol rebeck recal to call back recall recce reconnaissance; (verb) to reconnoitre recco reccy rechate a strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have lost track recheat of the game rechie smoky, grimy reechie reechy reekie reeky rechlesse reckless reckless retchless recoil to draw back in fear or disgust recoyle recuile recule requoyle recoure to recover recover recower recreance mean-spiritedness; apostasy; treachery recreancy rectoress a female rector, a rector's wife rectress recusance the state of being recusant, one who refuses to attend Catholic church services recusancy recycler one who recycles 275 recyclist red of a colour like blood; (noun) the colour of blood; (verb) to put in order redd rede advice, counsel; (verb) to advise or counsel reede redistil to distil again redistill redolence fragrance, the state of being redolent redolency redresser one who redresses redressor redsear brittle at red-heat redshare redshire redshort reebok a S. African antelope rhebok reech to emit fumes, smoke etc reek reedbuck a kind of African antelope reitbok reenforce to strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support reinforce renforce refluence a flowing back, ebb reflux reformade a monk of a reformed order reformado refusenik a Soviet Jew wishing to emigrate; a dissident refusnik regality the quality of being regal regalness regar the rich black cotton soil of the Indian subcontinent regur reggo a (motor vehicle) registration rego regional relating to a region; (noun) something that serves as a region regionary regrater one who regrates, buys and sells in the same market regrator reillume to light again relume relumine reinette a name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin rennet runnet reistafel an Indonesian rice dish rijstafel rejecter one who rejects rejector rejig to fix something up in a different fashion 276 rejigger relater one who relates relator releaser something or someone that releases releasor relevance the state of being relevant relevancy relievo a relief, a work in relief rilievo reluct to be unwilling reluctate remanence the property of staying magnetic remanency remanent a remainder; a remnant remnant remead to remedy remede remedy remeid remedial affording a remedy remediat remediate remitment the act of remitting remittal remitter one who makes a remittance remittor remolade a piquant sauce remoulade remold to remould remould ren to run renne rin ronne run renague to refuse, deny renege renegue renig renay to renounce, abjure reney reny renegade a person who abandons a party or belief; (verb) to turn renegade renegado renegate runagate renitence the state of being renitent, resistent renitency rennase an enzyme found in gastric juice, which causes coagulation of milk rennin renverse to reverse, to upset 277 reverse rep to work as a representative repp repellant serving to repel; (noun) something that repels repellent replevin to recover, or restore to the owner (goods distrained) upon pledge to try the replevy right in legal proceedings reposal the act or state of reposing; as, the reposal of trust reposall repose rest; (verb) to lie at rest reposure repreeve to reprieve reprieval reprieve reprive repryve represser one who represses repressor repriefe reproach, insult reproof reproval repure to purify again repurify requere to require require requester one who requests requestor requight to requite requit requite reredos a screen or panelling behind an altar or seat reredosse res reservation rez rescue to free from danger reskew reskue resentful full of resentment resentive resiance residence; abode residence residency resiant resident, dwelling; (noun) a resident resident residual remaining; (noun) that which remains as a residue residuous resistant making resistance; (noun) a person who or thing which resists; spec. a member of resistent a resistance movement responder one who responds responser responsor 278 ressaldar an Indian troop commander risaldar restiff restive restive retama a name for various desert plants, eg Spanish broom retem reticence the quality of being reticent reticency retinal relating to the retina; (noun) a pigment in the retina retinene retorsion the act of retorting or throwing back retortion retraict retreat retrait retraite retrate retreat reveler one who revels reveller revenge malicious injury in return for injury received; (verb) to inflict injury in return vengement for revere to regard with great respect reverence reverie a dream-like state revery reviser one who revises revisor revocable that can be revoked revokable rew a row row rewth ruth, pity ruth rhabdom a fourfold rod in the compound eye of an arthropod rhabdome rheochord a wire rheostat, a metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit rheocord rheophil living in flowing water rheophile rheum watery discharge from eyes and nose rume rhime a rhyme rhyme rhizoma a rootstock, an underground stem producing roots and leafy shoots rhizome rhodamin a synthetic dyestuff, usually red rhodamine rhodie a rhododendron rhody rhomb an equilateral parallelogram rhombus 279 rhombic of or like a rhombus, an equilateral parallelogram rhombical rhonchal of or relating to snoring rhonchial rhone a roof-gutter roan roanpipe rone ronepipe rhumba a kind of dance; (verb) to dance the rhumba rumba rhy rye rye rhymer one who composes rhymes rimer rhymester a poetaster, a would-be poet rimester rial the unit of currency in Iran, Oman and Saudi Arabia, aka riyal; also, an old ryal English gold coin, aka ryal ribald earthily sexy (noun, obs.) a menial of the lowest grade; a loose, low character ribaud ribaldry ribald language, behaviour, etc.; coarseness, lewdness ribaudry rybaudrye riband a ribbon ribband ribibe a small three-stringed viol; a rebec ribible ribston a variety of winter apple brought from Normandy to Ribston Hall in Yorkshire ribstone ricercar any of various contrapuntal instrumental forms esp of the 16th and 17th centuries ricercare ricercata ricey containing rice ricy ricketty shaky, ramshackle rickety rickrack a decorative braid in even zigzag form ricrac ridable suitable for riding rideable ridgel a male animal with only one testicle ridgeling ridgil ridgling riggald riglin rigling ridgepole the timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured ridgetree rife abundant, prevalent 280 ryfe rigadoon a lively Baroque period dance rigaudon rigidity the state of being rigid rigidness rigol a gutter or water-channel rigoll rigwiddie lean and tough; (noun) a cart-horse's back-band rigwoodie riley turbid roily rim an edge, border, brim; (verb) to provide with a rim rymme rimose full of chinks; covered with cracks rimous rind bark, peel; (verb) to bark, encrust rine ringhals an African snake that spits its venom rinkhals rinsable that can be rinsed rinseable rinsible riparial of or inhabiting a river bank riparian ripeck a pole used for mooring a punt ryepeck rypeck ripost in fencing, a return thrust after a parry riposte ripper a person who carries fish inland to sell rippier rit a scratch, a slit; (verb) to score or scratch ritt ritornel a short instrumental passage in a vocal work ritornell riveret a small river rivulet rizard a redcurrant rizzar rizzart rizzer rizzor roading the woodcock's evening flight roding roadman one who works making or repairing roads roadsman roadway a road rodeway roarie noisy, garish, too bright roary rorie 281 rory roast a joint of meat for the oven; (verb) to cook with dry heat rost roate to fix by rote rote roc an enormous bird of Arabian legend rok ruc rukh roch the little auk rotch rotche rotchie rochet a close-fitting surplice-like vestment worn by bishops and abbots rocquet roquet rockaby a song used to lull a child to sleep rockabye rocker the rock dove rockier rocket a cruciferous salad plant of Mediterranean origin; (verb) to travel very fast roquette rocklay a short cloak rokelay roemer a large drinking-glass rummer roentgen the international unit of dose of X-rays rontgen roesti a cheese-topped fried Swiss dish consisting of grated potato and onion rosti roin to growl, roar royne roinish mangy; scurvy roynish roist to revel noisily, carouse roister royst royster roisterer one who roisters, carouses roysterer rollock a contrivance serving as a fulcrum for an oar rowlock rullock romal a handkerchief or headcloth rumal rondel a verse form of thirteen or fourteen lines on two rhymes, the seventh and thirteenth rondelle being identical with the first, and the eighth and (if present) the fourteenth with the second rondure roundure, a gracefully rounded curvature roundure ronion a mangy or scabby creature 282 ronyon runnion ront a runt ronte runt room a walled space within a building; (verb) to occupy a room roum rowme roon a strip of cloth, a selvage rund roopit hoarse roupet roupit roupy roorbach a defamatory falsehood published for political effect roorback roosa a kind of East Indian grass from which an aromatic oil is distilled rusa ropable that can be roped ropeable ropey stringy, glutinous; poor in quality; unwell ropy roral dewy roric rorid roselle an E. Indian hibiscus rozelle roset rosin; (verb) to rosin rosit rozet rozit rosetty like rosin rosety rosier a rose-bush rosiere rosoglio a sweet cordial made with raisins rosolio rosser a policeman rozzer rostrate beak-shaped rostrated rotary turning like a wheel; (noun) a rotary apparatus rotative rotatory rotavate to break up (soil) with a Rotavator rotovate rotavator a tool for breaking up the soil rotovator rouble a Russian monetary unit ruble rouche a frill of lace or other material 283 ruche roughie a dry bough used as a torch; a rough or rowdy person roughy roul a roll roule round shaped like a sphere or circle; (noun) a round thing; a series of calls made rownd by a tradesman etc.; (verb) to make round roundel anything circular; a ring-dance roundle routh abundance rowth rowdedow hubbub; uproar rowdydow rubaboo a type of soup rubbaboo rubace a kind of ruby-red quartz rubasse rubbidy a pub rubbity rubbishly like rubbish rubbishy rubefy to redden rubify rubin a ruby rubine ruby ruckle a rattle in the throat, a gurgle; (verb) to rattle in the throat runkle rude boorish; (noun) a rude boy rudesby rudie ruffe a small freshwater fish of the perch family, aka pope ruffin rugalach in Jewish cooking, small crescent-shaped pastries filled with fruit, nuts etc rugelach ruggelach rugate wrinkled; covered with sunken lines rugose rugous rugged having an uneven surface ruggy ruleless unruly, without rules rulesse rumor a flying or popular report; the common talk; (verb) to circulate by rumour rumour runabout a small light boat, car or aeroplane runaround rundale a system of holding land in single detached pieces runrig runlet a little brook runnel 284 ruralist a proponent of country life ruralite rustic of or like the country; (noun) one who lives in the country rustical rusticial sabe to know, to understand savey savvey savvy saber a stout cavalry sword, having a single edge; (verb) to strike with a saber sabre sabkha a broad, salt-encrusted coastal plain above the level of normal tides sabkhah sabkhat sabulose sandy; gritty; growing in sandy places sabulous sacaton a type of coarse perennial grass growing in alkaline regions of the southern US zacaton sacbut a mediaeval music instrument sackbut sagbut saccos an Eastern bishop's vestment sakkos saccule a little sac; esp a part of the membranous labyrinth of the ear sacculus sackless quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent sacless saikless sacrifice the slaughter of an animal, person, etc on an altar as an offering to a god > sacrify vb to offer up in sacrifice sacrist a Church official in charge of vessels and the sacristy sacristan saddhu an ascetic Indian holy man sadhu saddie a dull unsociable person saddo sade a Hebrew letter sadhe sadi tsade tsadi tzaddi sae so so saeculum an astronomical or geological age seculum safari a hunter's or traveller's party or caravan, esp in E. Africa; (verb) to go on safari suffari safeguard a device, condition, or arrangement ensuring safety; (verb) to keep safe saufgard savegard 285 safranin the yellow colouring matter in saffron; a coal tar derivative which dyes yellowish safranine red safrol a colourless oily liquid obtained from sassafras and used in perfumes, soaps etc safrole saft soft soft sage wise; (noun) a garden labiate plant whose grey-green leaves are used as a flavouring saulge saggar a clay box in which pottery is packed for baking; (verb) to pack in a saggar saggard sagger seggar sagittal shaped like an arrowhead sagittate sagoin a kind of monkey, aka titi sagouin saguin saguaro a giant cactus, that bears white flowers and a scaly reddish edible fruit sahuaro saheb an Englishman or other European as addressed or spoken of by Indians sahib sahiba a lady sahib sahibah saic a Levantine vessel like a ketch saick saique saice a stableman or groom, esp in India sice syce said a descendant of Mohammed's daughter Fatima saiyid sayed sayid sayyid sed saidest 2nd pers. pt. sing. of say saidst sailer a sailor sailor saim a seam seam saine 3rd pers. pl. of say sayne sainfoin a leguminous plant, used as fodder saintfoin saint a person of exceptional holiness; (verb) to declare to be a saint saunt saist 2nd pers. sing. of say sayest sayst saith a kind of fish, the coalfish or pollock 286 saithe sajou a capuchin or spider monkey sapajou sakia an Eastern water-wheel sakieh sakiyeh saksaul a low, thick, grotesquely contorted tree of the saltbush family found on the saxaul steppes of Asia salable able to be sold saleable sellable salad a dish of green, raw vegetables sallad saladang a kind of buffalo seladang sladang salade a helmet sallet salal a N.W. American ericaceous shrub sallal saleroom a room where goods for sale, esp at auction, are displayed salesroom salicin a bitter crystalline glucoside obtained from willow-bark, etc and used medicinally salicine as an analgesic, etc salience the state of being salient saliency salimeter an instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution salometer salival relating to saliva salivary sallowish somewhat sallow sallowy salmi a ragout of roast game salmis salmonet a salmon of small size samlet salmonid a member of the salmon family salmonoid saloop a hot drink made from an infusion of salep, later from sassafras, formerly used salop as a tonic salp any member of a genus of oceanic tunicates salpa salpian salpid salt sodium chloride (adj.) tasting of salt; (verb) to put salt on saut saltando with leaping bow saltato saltier an X-shaped cross, a St. Andrew's Cross saltire saltpeter potassium nitrate, the chief constituent of gunpowder 287 saltpetre salue to salute salute samaan the rain-tree, a member of the mimosa family saman zaman zamang sambar a large deer sambhar sambhur sambur sambuca an ancient triangular stringed instrument sambuke same resembling in every relevant respect (pron.) the aforesaid; (noun) the same thing samen samech the 15th letter of the Hebrew alphabet samek samekh samfoo an outfit worn by Chinese women samfu samisen a banjo-like 3-stringed instrument shamisen samithi in India, an organisation or committee of workers samiti sampan a flat-bottomed Chinese skiff usually propelled by two short oars sanpan samphire a fleshy sea-coast plant; glasswort sampire samshoo a spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which samshu boiled rice has fermented under pressure sancho a West African guitar sanko sandarac the resin of a tropical tree, powdered to form pounce and used in making varnish sandarach sandbur an annual herb sandburr sandspur sanga a temporary fortification sangar sungar sanger a sandwich sango sanitiser one who sanitises sanitizer sannop a married male in N. American Indian societies sannup sannyasi a Hindu ascetic or hermit who lives by begging sannyasin sanyasi sansa an African musical instrument, aka mbira zanza 288 zanze sansar a cold whistling wind sarsar santims a former coin of Latvia santimu santir an Eastern dulcimer santoor santour santur saouari a tree of Guiana, yielding butternuts souari sapan the wood of a leguminous tree, formerly used to provide a red dye sapanwood sappan sapego a dry, scaly eruption on the skin; especially, a ringworm serpigo suppeago sapidity the state of being sapid, pleasantly flavoured sapidness sapience discernment, judgement sapiency sapodilla the edible fruit of a Mexican tree sapota sapote zapotilla saponin a glucoside derived from various plants such as soapwort, that gives a soapy saponine froth sapor taste, flavour sapour saporific flavourful saporous sapraemia a kind of blood-poisoning sapremia sapraemic relating to sapraemia, a kind of blood-poisoning sapremic saprobial of or like a saprobe, an organism living in foul water saprobic saraband a stately court dance of the 17th and 18th centuries, resembling the minuet sarabande sarape a blanket or shawl worn as an outer garment by the Spanish Americans, as in Mexico serape zarape sarcenet a thin tissue of fine silk sarconet sarsenet sarsnet sard a deep-red or brownish variety of chalcedonic silica sardius sardar a native chief in Hindostan; a headman sirdar sardel a small fish related to the sardine 289 sardelle sardonian sardonic sardonic saree a Hindu woman's chief garment, a long cloth wrapped round the waist and passed sari over the shoulder and head sargasso a genus of algae including the gulfweed sargassum sargo a fish, sea-bream sargos sargus sark a shirt, a chemise serk sarment a long whiplike runner, leafless except at the tip sarmentum sarmie a sandwich sarney sarnie sarod an Indian instrument like a cello sarode sarrasin buckwheat sarrazin sarsden a sandstone boulder of S. England; such a stone used in a prehistoric monument sarsen sartorial of or relating to a tailor or tailored clothes sartorian sasarara a scolding; a blow sassarara siserary sash a band or scarf worn round the waist or over the shoulder; (verb) to dress or adorn shash with a sash sassaby a kind of African antelope tsessebe sassolin a native boric acid sassolite sasswood the bark of a West African leguminous tree, used by the natives as an ordeal sassywood poison sastra any of the sacred writings of Hinduism shaster shastra sastruga long parallel ridges of snow that form on windy plains zastruga satai a Malaysian dish of marinated meat barbecued on skewers satay satanic devilish satanical satelles a satellite satellite sati the act of a Hindu widow willingly being cremated on the funeral pyre of her suttee husband satiation the state of being satiated satiety 290 satinet a thin satin satinetta satinette satiric of or like satire satirical satiriser one who satirises satirist satirizer saturater one who, or that which, saturates saturator satyra a female satyr satyress satyric of satyrs; having a chorus of satyrs satyrical sau a Vietnamese monetary unit xu sauch a sallow saugh saucisse a long canvas tube filled with powder for use as a fuse, eg when firing a mine saucisson saul a soul soul sautoir a long necklace, or pendant on a long chain sautoire sav saveloy, a highly seasoned sausage saveloy savable that can be saved saveable savagedom the state of being savage; savages collectively savagism savanna tropical grassland savannah savin a species of juniper savine savior a saviour saviour savor taste, flavor; (verb) to relish the taste of savour savorer one who savors savourer savorous having a savor savory savoury sawder to flatter sowder sawer one who saws sawyer sax a chopper for trimming slate zax zex saxatile rock-dwelling 291 saxicole scabble to work stone smoothly, without smoothing to a finish scapple scabiosa any of various plants of the genus Scabiosa scabious scabrid scabrous scabrous scag heroin; (verb) to make a tear in cloth skag scail to scatter, disperse skail scaith injury, harm; (verb) to injure scath scathe skaith scalable that can be scaled scaleable scalawag an undersized animal of little value; a good-for-nothing, a rascal; in US history, scallawag a white Southerner who acted in support of the Reconstruction after the Civil War scallywag scald to burn (a body surface) by direct exposure to very hot liquid or steam scaud scaldic relating to a scald, a Norse poet skaldic scaldship the office of scald, an ancient Scandinavian bard skaldship scalp the outer covering of the skull; (verb) to remove an upper part from scaup scalper a semicircular gouging chisel scauper scorper scammer one who perpetrates scams scamster scapa to run away, leave without notice scarpa scarper scapular a loose sleeveless vestment falling in front and behind, worn by certain religious scapulary orders scarab any scarabaeid beetle, esp Scarabaeus sacer, regarded by the ancient Egyptians scarabee as divine scaraboid scare to frighten scarre scaur scarey frightening scary scarf a light, usually decorative piece of material thrown loosely on the shoulders scarph about the neck; (verb) to join with a scarf end scariose thin and tough scarious scarmoge a skirmish 292 skirmish scart a cormorant; (verb) to scratch, scrape scarth skart skarth scat to scare away scatt skat scatole a crystalline compound found in faeces and coal tar skatol skatole scaury in the Orkneys, a young gull scourie scowrie scaw a low cape or headland skaw scazon a choliamb scazontic sceat a small silver or gold coin of Anglo-Saxon times sceatt scedule a schedule; (verb) to schedule schedule scelerat a villain scelerate scenary scenery scenery scenic of or pertaining to scenery; (noun) something scenic scenical scepsis philosophic doubt skepsis scepter a staff or baton carried as an emblem of monarchic authority; (verb) to provide sceptre with a sceptre sceptic disbelieving; (noun) a person who doubts prevailing doctrines skeptic sceptical inclined to questoning and disbelief skeptical schanse a heap of stones used as protection against rifle-fire schantze schanze schatchen a matchmaker shadchan shadkhan schechita the slaughtering of animals in accordance with rabbinical law shechita shechitah shehita shehitah schellum a scoundrel, rascal schelm skellum skelm 293 skelum shemozzle a mess, a scrape; (verb) to make off shimozzle schist a type of metamorphic rock consisting of a significant percentage of one or more shist platy minerals such as one of the micas and/or chlorites schistose of or pertaining to schist; having the structure of a schist schistous schizy suffering from schizophrenia schizzy schlemiel an unlucky or incompetent person who is often duped schlemihl shlemiehl shlemiel schlepp to drag one's feet; travel a great distance shlep shlepp schlepper an incompetent or nonentity shlepper schlock something of inferior quality schlocker shlock schlub a stupid or unattractive person shlub schlump to flop shlump schmaltz fat, grease, oil; maudlin sentimentality schmalz shmaltz schmaltzy sickly sentimental schmalzy shmaltzy schmatte clothing, rags schmutter shmatte schmear an aggregate of related things; (verb) to spread or smear shmear schmeck a taste or sniff; heroin shmek schmelz a kind of glass of a red or ruby color, made in Bohemia schmelze schmo a stupid or boring person schmoe shmo schmock a stupid or boring person shmock schmoos to chat in a friendly way schmoose schmooz schmooze shmoose shmooze 294 schmoozer one who schmoozes shmoozer schmoozy gossipy shmoozy schmuck a pitiful, stupid or obnoxious person shmuck schnapper an Australian food-fish snapper schnapps a kind of brandy schnaps shnapps shnaps schnorkel to swim underwater using a breathing-tube snorkel schnorrer a beggar; esp one who wheedles others into supplying his wants shnorrer schnoz nose schnozz schnozzle scholion a marginal annotation; specifically, an explanatory comment on the text of a scholium classic author by an early grammarian school a institution of learning; (verb) to educate in an institution of learning scul sculle skool schoole a shoal shaul shoal schorl black tourmaline shorl schrod a young cod or haddock scrod schtick a familiar line of chat adapted by a particular comedian schtik shtick shtik schtook trouble, bother schtuck shtook shtuck schtoom silent, dumb, quiet schtum shtoom shtum shtumm stumm schuit a Dutch flat-bottomed boat, used along canals and round the coast schuyt schul a synagogue shul schvartze a black person 295 schwartze shvartze schwa a vowel sound, like "a" in alone or "e" in linen, that in English often appears shwa unstressed sciaenid a member of the family Sciaenidae of tropical and temperate percoid fishes sciaenoid sciamachy fighting with a shadow or an imaginary opponent sciomachy skiamachy sciatic of or relating to the hip; (noun) the sciatic nerve sciatical sciroc a hot, dry, dusty wind blowing from N. Africa to the North Mediterranean coastline scirocco siroc sirocco scirrhoid resembling a scirrhus, a hard swelling scirrhous scissel metal clippings; scrap metal scissil sizel sciurid a member of the squirrel family sciurine sclate slate sklate slate sclaunder slander slander sclave a slave slave sclereid a thick-walled cell sclereide scleroid of tissue, hard, hardened sclerotic sclerous scliff a small segment or piece skliff sclim to climb sklim scoff to express rude doubt or derision skoff scog shadow, shelter; (verb) to shelter scoog scoug scug skug scoinson the inner part of a door jamb or window frame sconcheon scontion scuncheon scolecid a worm of the Scolecida, the class of tapeworms scolex 296 scolion a short drinking song of ancient Greece, taken up by the guests in irregular skolion succession scolytid any one of numerous species of small bark-boring beetles of the genus Scolytus scolytoid and allied genera scombrid a fish of the Scombridae, the mackerel genus scombroid scomfish to suffocate or stifle; to smother scumfish scooch to compress one's body into a smaller space scootch scoosh to squirt, spurt skoosh scopelid a member of the Scopelidae, a genus of deepwater fish scopeloid scoriac like slag scorious scorse to exchange scourse scotoma dizziness with dimness of sight scotomia scotomy scoup to bound, caper scowp scourer a member of a roistering band that roamed the streets maltreating watchmen etc scowrer scouth free range, plenty scowth scouther a scorch, burn; (verb) to scorch, singe scowder scowther scrab to scratch scrat scratch scrattle scrawm scraich a screech; (verb) to screech, shriek scraigh screich screigh scriech skreegh skreigh skriech skriegh scram to scratch with claws or nails scramb scran food, provision skran scranny thin; scrawny scrawny scrauch a raucous squawk; (verb) to make a raucous squawk 297 scraugh scrawp to scratch the skin to relieve itching scrorp scray a tern; the sea swallow scraye screech a harsh shrill cry; (verb) to utter a harsh, shrill cry scritch screen a device to divide, conceal or protect; (verb) to provide or protect with a screen scriene skreen scrike a shriek; (verb) to shriek shreek shreik shriech shriek shrike shritch skrike scrimmage a noisy dispute or tussle; a rough or confused struggle; (verb) to take part in scrummage a scrimmage skrimmage scrimp scanty; (verb) to scratch and save skrimp scrine a chest for records scryne scroggie abounding in scrogs, stunted bushes or undergrowth scroggy scroll a roll of paper, parchment etc.; (verb) to move text across a display screen scrowl scrowle scrooch to crouch scrootch scrooge to crowd; to squeeze scrouge scrowdge scruze scrump to steal fruit (esp apples) from trees skrump scrunchie a piece of elastic, loosely covered with fabric, for tying back the hair scrunchy scry to see the future eg via a crystal ball skry scryer one who scries in a crystal ball skryer scuddaler in Shetland, the leader of a band of guisers scudler skudler scuddle to run hastily; to scuttle scuttle skuttle sculch rubbish 298 scultch sculk to hide, evade, move stealthily skulk sculp to sculpt; to carve sculpt sculpin a kind of fish, aka scorpion fish skulpin scumber to void excrement skummer scup a common Atlantic fish, the northern porgy scuppaug scur to scour, search; to send skimming sker skirr squirr scurrier a scout scurriour scurril like or worthy of a vulgar buffoon; indecently opprobrious or jocular scurrile scurry to move in a quick scuttling fashion skurry scute a hard exoskeletal plate scutum scuzzbag a dirty, disreputable person scuzzball scyphus a drinking vessel used in ancient Greece skyphos scythe a single-bladed cutting implement; (verb) to cut with a scythe sieth sithe sdaine to disdain sdayn sdeign sdeigne sdein sealch a seal (the animal) sealgh selkie silkie seamster a person whose occupation is sewing, esp the making and mending of garments sempster sean a kind of fishing-net; (verb) to fish with a seine seine seannachy a Highland or Irish genealogist and transmitter of family lore sennachie shanachie sear scorched, withered; (noun) the catch that holds a gun at cock or half-cock; seare (verb) to burn sere sease to seize seaze 299 seasure a seizure seisure seizure seysure seawan shell beads used by Algonquin Indians as money seawant sewan seaward towards the sea seawards sebacic of or like sebum, as in sebacic acid sebasic secesh a secessionist secesher seckel a small reddish brown sweet and juicy pear seckle sedile a kind of seat in a church, usually in pl sedilium seducive tending to seduce seductive seedman a dealer in seeds; a sower seedsman seeld rare, unusual seld seemlihed seemliness seemlyhed seghol a vowel-point in Hebrew segol segholate in Hebrew, a disyllabic noun form with a tone-long vowel in the first and a short segolate seghol in the second syllable sehri a meal eaten before sunrise by those fasting during Ramadan sohur suhur seigneur a lord, especially of a manor seignior signieur seigniory feudal lordship seignory signiory signory seik sick sick seil to strain sile seisable that can be seised seizable seiser one who seizes (property), takes possession seisor seizer seizor seisin freehold of estate or possessions seizin 300 seismic relating to earthquakes seismical seitan wheat gluten, widely used in Far Eastern and vegetarian cookery seiten sejant sitting (upright) sejeant selenious of selenium in lower valency selenous selfward towards oneself selfwards selvage a border, an edge, esp one woven so as not to fray; (verb) to border selvedge seme in heraldry, strewn or scattered with small bearings; (noun) a type of ornamental semee pattern semeed semeiotic relating to signs or symbols, esp spoken or written signs semiotic semimat having a slight lustre semimatt semimatte semitonal of or pertaining to a semitone semitonic semper always sempre semple simple, meaning not of gentle birth simple seneca a N. American milkwort, or its root, used medicinally senega senhor a mode of address for a man senor senhora a mode of address for a woman senora senhorita a mode of address for an unmarried woman senorita senior a person who is older than another signeur seniority the state of being senior signeurie sennit plaited straw or rope sinnet sens since since sith sithen sithence sithens sensei a teacher sensi sensilla in insects, a small sense organ on the integument sensillum sentience the state of being sentient 301 sentiency sepaled having one or more sepals sepalled sepaline of the form of sepals sepaloid sepiost cuttlebone sepium septet a set of seven persons or objects; as, a septet of singers septette septuor septic producing sepsis; (noun) an agent producing sepsis septical sepulcher a receptacle in an altar for holding religious relics; (verb) to place in a sepulcher sepulchre sequence consecutive order; (verb) to arrange in consecutive order sequency serafile a file of officers or men appointed to ride at the rear rank of a squadron serrefile serafin a former silver coin of Goa seraphin xerafin xeraphin seraglio a harem; a palace of a sultan serail serenade a piece of vocal music, especially one on an amorous subject; (verb) to address serenata a serenade to serenate serfage the state of being a serf serfdom serfhood serfship sergeancy the office or rank of a sergeant serjeancy sergeanty a condition of tenure by service in person to the king serjeanty serifed with a serif, a decorative stroke at the foot of a letter seriffed sermoneer a preacher; a sermonizer sermoner serr to press close, close the ranks of serre serry serranid a group of fish, sea basses and groupers serranoid seruewe to surview servewe surview servable capable of being served serveable sestet a piece of music composed for six voices or six instruments sestett 302 sestette sestetto sextet sextett sextette sextuor sestina an old verse-form of six six-lined stanzas sestine sextain setose thickly set with bristles or bristly hairs setous setulose having small bristles or setules setulous sewel a scarecrow, a device to scare away deer shewel sewen the Welsh or Irish name for the seatrout grilse sewin sexto a paper size sixmo sferics atmospherics, noises interfering with radio reception, due to electric disturbances spherics in the ether sh an interjection requesting silence sha shh shadblow an American rosaceous bush flowering at shad spawning time shadbush shadoof a machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the shaduf Nile for irrigation shaheed a martyr for the Islamic faith shahid shahtoosh the soft wool of the protected Tibetan antelope shatoosh shaikh an Arab chief sheik sheikh shaird a fragment shard sherd shairn cow-dung sharn shaitan an evil spirit sheitan shakable that can be shaken shakeable shale clay rock splitting readily into thin layers along the bedding planes; (verb, sheal Shakesp.) to shell or husk sheel shiel shaley of or like shale shaly shalm an ancient oboe-like musical instrument 303 shawm shalom in Jewish society, a salutation at meeting or parting sholom shamable that can be shamed shameable shamal in the Middle East, a hot dry north wind that carries sand in desert places shimaal shamiana in India, a large tent, awning or canopy shamianah shammas the sexton in a synagogue; the candle used to light the other 8 candles of a shammash Chanukah menorah shammes shammos shamos shan in criminal slang, a base or counterfeit coin shand shanti peace shantih shapable that may be shaped shapeable sharable that can be shared shareable shareman a fisherman who shares profits with the owner sharesman sharia the body of Islamic law shariah shariat sheria sheriat sharif a descendant of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima shereef sherif sharifian relating to a sharif, a descendant of Mohammed through his daugher Fatima sherifian sharpie a flat-bottomed, two-masted vessel sharpy shashlick a type of lamb kebab shashlik shaslik shavable capable of being shaved shaveable shaw to show shew show shawley in Ireland, a working woman, esp a fisherwoman, who wears a shawl shawlie shchi a kind of cabbage soup shtchi shealing a rough hut near summer pasture used as shelter by shepherds sheiling shieling 304 shearleg one of the spars of sheers sheerleg sheath a holder for eg a knife; (verb) to place in a sheath sheathe sheave the wheel of a pulley; a bundle of corn; (verb) to bind in sheaves sheeve shebean an illicit liquor shop shebeen shedable capable of being cast off sheddable sheeney a Jew, a pawnbroker sheenie sheeny sheepcot a small enclosure for sheep sheepcote sheer utter; (verb) to swerve, to deviate shere sheesha a kind of water-pipe for smoking, aka hookah shisha sheikdom the domain of a sheik sheikhdom shekel the standard unit of currency of Israel, worth 100 agorot sheqel sheldduck a large duck of genus Tadorna shelduck shellduck shelfy abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows shelvy shellac purified lac (a resinous substance secreted by the female of the lac insect) shellack in the form of thin sheets; (verb) to cover with a thin varnish; to defeat decisively sheltie a Shetland pony or sheepdog shelty shend to put to shame, chide yshend sherbert a cooling drink made of sweetened and diluted fruit juice, drunk esp in Arab sherbet countries sheriff a law-enforcement officer of a county shirra shet to shut shut sheuch a ditch or drain; (verb) to plant temporarily sheugh shewbread twelve loaves placed every Sabbath beside the altar in the Jewish Temple and showbread eaten by the priests at the end of the week shiatsu a massage technique using finger pressure at acupuncture centers shiatzu shibah a period of seven days' mourning observed after a family member's funeral shiva shivah shicker strong liquor; a drunk shikker 305 shicksa a non-Jewish girl or young woman shiksa shikse shikseh shier a horse which shies shyer shiitake a large dark brown mushroom used in Japanese cookery shitake shikaree a hunter, esp of big game shikari shill an accomplice to a tradesman etc. who acts as a stooge; (verb) to be a shill shillaber shillala an Irish cudgel shillalah shillelah shiness shyness shyness shinny an Irish game resembling hockey; (verb) to climb eg to shinny up a tree shinty shippen a stable; a cowhouse shippon shir to pucker, gather; to bake eggs shirr shiralee a swagman's bundle shirralee shit to defecate shite shoat a young pig, especially one that has just been weaned shote shotte shoepac a waterproof boot shoepack shofar a ram's horn trumpet used in Jewish ceremonies shophar shoggle to joggle shoogie shoogle shoggly shaky, rocking shoogly shola an Indian plant with a pith used in making tropical hats, aka spongewood sola solah shool to saunter, skulk shoole shule shoora the Islamic principle of (rule by) consultation; an Islamic consultative council shura shop a building or room in which goods are sold or services provided; (verb) to examine shoppe goods with intent to buy shoreman one who dwells on or by the shore shoresman 306 shortie a short person shorty shough a shaggy dog showghe shoulder the part of a human or other vertebrate animal's body around the junction with shouther the arm or forelimb; (verb) to carry on the shoulder shouldest 2nd pers. sing. of should shouldst shoveler a kind of duck with a broad shovel-shaped bill shoveller shraddha an offering to the manes of an ancestor sraddha sradha shrew a small insectivore; (verb, Shakesp.) to curse, beshrew shrow shrewd crafty shrowd shri in India, a title of great respect given to a man sri shrieve to shrive shrive shtetel formerly, a Jewish community in an Eastern European town or village shtetl shufti a look, a dekko shufty shwanpan a Chinese abacus swanpan sialid an alderfly sialidan siamese to join pipes in a way suggestive of Siamese twins siameze sib a blood relation, a kinsman sibb sybbe sibilance pronunciation with a hissing sound sibilancy sibilant hissing; (noun) a hissing sound sibilous sibyl any of various women in classical antiquity supposed to utter the oracles and sybil prophecies of a god sibylic of or like a sibyl sibyllic sibylline siccar sure, certain sicker syker sich such such siciliana a Sicilian dance, resembling the pastorale siciliano sickee an emotionally sick person 307 sickie sicko siclike suchlike suchlike siddha one who has attained occult power or siddhi sidha sideling sideway, oblique sidelong sideward in a sideways direction sidewards sideway from the side sideways sidh fairy people sidhe sienite a coarse-grained igneous rock, allied to granite syenite sigmate s-shaped; (verb) to add a Greek s to sigmated sigmoid sigmoidal signaler one who signals signaller signior sir, Mr - the English form and pronunciation for the Italian Signor and the Spanish signor Señor sike a rill or small ditch syke silen a woodland god or elderly satyr silenus siliceous consisting in a noteworthy part of silica, typically quartz silicious silicle a seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is long silicula silicule siliqua a type of dry fruit consisting of a long pod of two carpels divided by a partition silique siliquose relating to a siliqua, a type of dry fruit consisting of a long pod of two carpels siliquous divided by a partition silkalene a soft light cotton fabric resembling silk silkaline silkoline sillabub a drink or gelatin dessert consisting of wine and sweetened milk sillibub syllabub siller silver silver silurid any member of a family of fishes including catfishes siluroid silva the trees of a region; a treatise on trees sylva silvan relating to woodland; (noun) one that lives in a forest sylvan 308 silvatic relating to woodland sylvatic simarouba a tropical American tree simaruba simial apelike simian simioid simious simkin an Urdu corruption of champagne simpkin simoniac one who practices simony, the buying or selling of a church office or ecclesiastical simonist preferment simoom a hot desert wind in Arabia simoon simorg a monstrous bird of Persian fable simurg simurgh simpatico of like mind, compatible sympatico simplex a geometrical term, a figure with a minimum number of vertices simplicia sind to rinse, wash out sine synd syne singult a sob singultus sinopia a reddish-brown pigment used for one of the preparatory drawings of a fresco, sinopis obtained from sinopite, an iron ore sinuitis inflammation of a sinus sinusitis sinuose wavy; bending in a supple manner sinuous sipe to soak through, seep sype siphon a bent tube or channel by which a liquid may be drawn off over a higher point syphon to a lower level; (verb) to draw off or convey (liquid etc.) by means of a siphon siphonal of or pertaining to a siphon siphonic siree a mode of address, sir sirra sirrah sirree siren a device that produces a penetrating warning sound syren siri the betel pepper sirih sirloin a loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin surloin sirname a surname; (verb) to surname surname 309 sirup a saturated solution of sugar boiled to prevent fermentation; (verb) to make syrup into a syrup sirupy of or like sirup syrupy sis sister siss sissiness the state of being sissy sissyness sitar an Indian musical instrument sittar sitatunga a species of African antelope situtunga sitella a type of generally small black-and-white bird sittella sitiology the science of diet sitology siver a drain; a grating over a drain syver sixain a stanza of six lines sixaine sizable quite large sizeable sizar a student at Cambridge and Dublin, who, having passed a certain examination, sizer is exempted from paying college fees and charges sizeism prejudice against people on account of their size sizism sizeist one who pays undue attention to size sizist sizzle a hissing sound, as of frying food; (verb) to burn or fry with a hissing sound zizzle skean a double-edged dagger used in Ireland and Scotland skeen skene skeane a length of yarn wound in a loose coil skein skear a scare; (verb) to scare skeer skeary scary skeery skee to ski ski skeg a length of keel projecting aft to protect the rudder skegg skellie to squint skelly skeo a hut, a shed skio skewer a long pin of wood or metal, esp for holding pieces of meat together for cooking skiver (verb) to pierce with a long pin, as meat skiddoo a motorized sledge, fitted with tracks at the rear and steerable skis at the skidoo front; (verb) to ride a skiddoo 310 skiey like the sky; ethereal skyey skijoring the sport of being drawn on skis over snow by horse or motor skioring skilful full of skill skillful skimo skimobile, a motorized vehicle on skis skimobile skoal a drinking toast; good health; (verb) to down a drink in one go as a toast skol skollie a coloured hooligan skolly skyward towards the sky skywards slae a sloe sloe slanter a dodge, a trick slenter slinter slatey like or containing slate slaty sleazy sordid sleezy sleded apparently, an irregular form of sleaved sleided sleepery sleepy sleepry sleepy slew a large number or amount; (verb) to swerve violently slue slimpsy flimsy; frail slimsy slivovic a dry plum brandy slivovica slivovitz slivowitz slocken to quench, moisten sloken sloebush the blackthorn sloethorn sloetree slogan a motto adopted by a group slughorn slughorne slogger a person who hits hard in boxing, baseball, etc slugger sloid a Swedish system of manual training by woodwork slojd sloyd slommock to walk with a hip-rolling gait slummock 311 sloot in S. Africa, a narrow water-channel sluit slub to twist fibre after carding to prepare it for spinning slubb slugabed one who indulges in lying abed; a sluggard sluggabed sluice a structure with a gate for stopping or regulating flow of water; (verb) to wash sluse with a sudden flow of water slumbery full of slumber slumbrous slumbry sma small small smalm smarminess; (verb) to smear, gush, make oily smarm smalmy oily, ingratiating smarmy smaltine a gray mineral of metallic luster, an arsenide of cobalt, nickel, and iron smaltite smartarse a showily clever person smartass smartie an irritatingly clever person smarty smearcase cottage cheese smiercase smeath a name for various ducks including smew and pochard smee smeeth smeech to smoke smeek smeik smoke; (verb) to smoke smeke smoke smerk to smirk smirk smiddy a smithy; (verb) to smithy smithy smidge a tiny bit smidgen smidgeon smidgin smight to smite smite smile the expression of the face when smiling; (verb) to upturn the corners of the smoile mouth in pleasure smoyle smir fine misty rain; (verb) to drizzle smirr smur smokable that can be smoked smokeable 312 smokeho in the Falkland Isles, an 11 a.m meal consisting of sausage rolls, cream cakes smoko and strong sweet tea smokey full of smoke smoky smolder to burn slowly smoulder smooch to kiss closely; (noun) an act of smooching smoodge smooge smouch smoor to smother, extinguish smore smoot a compositor who does odd jobs in various printing houses; (verb) to work in this smout way smowt smoothie a suave and elegant person smoothy smorzando with a gradual fading away, growing slower and softer smorzato smut a flake or spot of dirt; (verb) to soil, make smutty smutch snakey like a snake snaky snar to snarl snarl snath the curved handle of a scythe snathe snead sneath snaw snow; (verb) to snow snow sneb to reprimand snebbe sneesh a pinch of snuff sneeshan sneeshin sneeshing sniff an act of smelling; (verb) to inhale audibly through the nose snift sniffle a slight cold; (verb) to sniff repeatedly snuffle sniveler one who snivels sniveller snoke to snuff or smell about snook snowk snottie naval slang for a midshipman snotty snowfleck the snow bunting snowflick snub a check, a rebuke; (verb) to treat with contempt or neglect 313 snubbe snuggerie a snug cozy place; especially a small room in a pub snuggery sny a side channel of a river snye soaper a soap opera soapie soca a variety of Caribbean calypso music sokah socage a feudal tenure of land involving payment of rent or other non-military services soccage to a superior sockman one who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager socman sokeman socle a plain face or plinth at the foot of a wall, column etc zocco zoccolo sodain sudden sodaine sudden sodger soldier; (verb) to soldier soger soldier souldier sodomist one who practises sodomy sodomite softie a weak or sentimental person softy soh a musical note sol soigne well cared for, well groomed soignee soja a dark, salty sauce made from fermented soy beans and wheat flour soya soke a district under a particular jurisdiction soken sucken solan the common gannet soland solanin a poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade solanine (Solanum nigrum) solar an upper room, a garret soler sollar soller sold pay, remuneration solde soldan the monarch or chief ruler of a Muslim country, esp that of Turkey soudan souldan suldan 314 sultan sole alone; (noun) the bottom of the foot; (verb) to pull by the ears soole sowl sowle solein sullen sullen soleret a metallic pointy toed shoe worn by knights, aka sabaton solleret solfege a singing exercise using the syllable do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti solfeggio solidity the state of being solid solidness solonets an alkaline soil-type having a hard dark subsoil under a thin friable topsoil solonetz somedeal somewhat somedele somerset a leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and lights upon his feet summerset (verb) to somersault someway in some way, somehow someways somital relating to a somite, the body segment of a vertebrate embryo somitic sonance a sounding sonancy sonantal of a sound, uttered with vibration of the vocal chords sonantic sonce good luck, abundance sonse sonhood the state of being a son sonship sonsie having pleasing curves; buxom, comely sonsy soochong a kind of black tea of a fine quality souchong soogee a solution of soap, soda etc. for cleaning the deck of a ship; (verb) to clean, soogie wash with this solution soojey sujee sook an Arab market-place; (verb) to suck souk suk sukh suq soot carbon residue; (verb) to besmear with soot sout sooth true, real; (noun) the truth soth soothsay to foretell, to divine southsay sophist a person who uses deceptive reasoning to win debates 315 sophister soporose causing sleep; sleepy soporous sora a N. American rail soree sordine a mute or damper sordino sourdine sorel a buck in its third year sorell sorgho indian millet and its varieties sorgo soricine shrewlike soricoid soritic relating to sorites, a string of statements where the end of one is the subject soritical of the next sororal pertaining to sisters sororial sortilege divination by drawing lots sortilegy soucar a Hindu banker sowcar souce to pickle; to marinade souse sowce sowse sowsse souffled like a souffle, made puffy by beating and baking souffleed sough to sigh, hum, as of the wind sugh soum the proportion of sheep or cattle suitable for any pasture; (verb) to reckon this sowm sound being in good health or condition; (noun) something that stimulates the auditory sowne receptors; (verb) to make a sound souple the part of a flail that strikes the grain; (verb) to make supple swingle swiple swipple source an origin; (verb) to originate sourse souslik a ground squirrel suslik soutar a shoemaker; a cobbler souter sowter sutor southern in the south; (noun) a southerner southron soutie derogatory for an English-speaking S. African soutpiel 316 souvlaki a Greek dish of lamb, similar to a shish kebab souvlakia sovereign supreme; (noun) in pre-decimal coinage, a coin worth one pound sterling sovran sowans a kind of oat porridge, a traditional dish for Hallowe'en sowens sowarree a mounted retinue, a cavalcade sowarry sowf to whistle or hum softly sowff sowth sozin a type of protein sozine spa a resort with a mineral spring; (verb) to stay at a spa spaw spacey dreamy, behaving as if spaced out spacy spacial relating to space spatial spadille the ace of spades in the game of ombre spadillio spadillo spaetzle in Jewish cooking, a small dumpling spatzle spageric alchemical spagiric spagyric spahee formerly, a Turkish or French Algerian cavalryman spahi spail a splinter or chip spale spall spalt spain to wean spane spean spairge to sprinkle (with moisture) sparge spait a flood, a surge spate speat spald the shoulder, esp of an animal used as food spalle spaul spauld speal spule spandrel the triangular space between the curve of arch and the right angle enclosing spandril it; a design in a corner of a postage stamp sparid any marine fish of the family Sparidae, including the sea breams, porgies, dentex, sparoid etc 317 sparkie an electrician sparky sparling a kind of fish, the smelt sperling spirling sparsedly sparsely sparsely sparth a long battle-axe sparthe sperthe spasmatic in spasms spasmic spasmodic spathic relating to spar spathose spatula a broad, blunt, flexible blade or flattened spoon spatule spatular shaped like a spatula, broad and blunt spatulate spavie spavin spavin spayad a male deer in its third year spayd specter an apparition spectre speel to climb speil speer to ask speir spier speerings news speirings spelaean cave-dwelling spelean speld to spread open, sprawl spelder speldin a haddock or other small fish split open and dried in the sun spelding speldrin speldring spellican a small slip of wood, ivory, etc, to be picked out from a heap without disturbing spilikin the others in the game of spillikins spillikin spelt a hardy wheat, aka emmer speltz spence a place where provisions are kept; a buttery spense spermatic pertaining to sperm; (noun) a spermatic vessel spermic spet to spit; to throw out spit 318 spetsnaz a select military unit in the former Soviet Union spetznaz speug a sparrow sprug spug spuggy spew vomit; (verb) to vomit spue spewer one who spews spuer sphaer a sphere sphaere sphear spheare sphere spheral relating to a sphere; perfectly round spheric spherical spial a spy, a scout spyal spic a person from a Spanish-speaking American country spick spik spicate spiked; spikelike spicated spicey tasting of spice spicy spicknel an umbelliferous herb having finely divided leaves, common in Europe; aka baldmoney, spignel meu spicula a spike or splinter spicule spie a spy spy spight to spite spite spikey having spikes spiky spinel any mineral of a group of aluminates, ferrates, and chromates of magnesium, iron, spinelle zinc, etc crystallizing in octahedra spinet a musical instrument like a small harpsichord spinette spinnet spinney a small thicket or grove with undergrowth; a clump of trees spinny spinose full of spines; thorny spinous spinula a small spine spinule spinulose covered with small spines spinulous spiraea a group of plants, including hardhack, and meadowsweet 319 spirea spire a tapering or conical body; (verb) to wind, mount in spirals spyre spirem in mitosis, the coiled thread formed by nuclear chromatin spireme spirt to spurt spurt spirtle a wooden stick for stirring porridge spurtle spital a hospital spittle splash the effect of an impact into a liquid; (verb) to scatter a liquid about splish sploosh splosh splatch a splash, a splotch; (verb) to splotch splodge splotch spleenful affected with spleen, fretful spleenish splendor splendour splendour splent a contrivance for holding a broken bone, etc in position splint spoffish fussy, officious spoffy sponge a mass of absorbent material; (verb) to wipe with a sponge spunge spongeous somewhat spongy; spongelike spongiose spongious sponsing a platform jutting from ship's deck for gun or wheel sponson spookish spooky spooky spoonbait a lure on a swivel, used in trolling for fish spoonhook spooney foolishly fond; (noun) one who is spooney spoony sporozoal related to sporozoa sporozoic sporozoan any parasitic protozoan of the class Sporozoa, including the causal organisms sporozoon of malaria and pebrine sprackle to clamber sprauchle spray a cloud of small flying drops; (verb) to disperse in fine particles to chap, spreathe roughen spreaze spreethe spreeze spread extent, compass; (verb) to open or expand over a larger area 320 spred spredd spredde sprightly lively spritely springal an active young man; a youth springald springe a snare with noose and spring; (verb) to snare in a springe springle sprinkle a sprinkling; (verb) to scatter drops or particles on strinkle spuilzie spoliation; (verb) to plunder spulye spulyie spulzie spumone a rich Italian dessert consisting of layered ice-cream with candied fruits, nuts, spumoni and sometimes brandy spur a goading instrument on a horse rider's heel; (verb) to apply the spur to spurne spurrer one who spurs spurrier spurrey an annual herb with whorled filiform leaves, sometimes grown for fodder spurry squab fat, clumsy, unfledged; (noun) a young pigeon; (verb) to stuff, upholster squabbish squabby squaddie a soldier squaddy squama a scale squame squamate like, having or covered with scales; (noun) a creature covered with scales squamose squamous squamella a little scale squamula squamule square having four equal sides and four right angles; rigidly conventional; (noun) a squier shape with four equal sides and four right angles; (verb) to make square squash to press into pulp squish squoosh squush squashy yielding squishy squatter to splash water about swatter squeegee a scraping implement consisting of a rubber-edged blade attached to the end of squilgee a handle; (verb) to clean with a squeegee squiff tipsy, drunk squiffed squiffy 321 squill a mantis shrimp of genus Scilla squilla squinny squinting; (verb) to squint, look askance squiny squirage squires collectively squiralty squireage stableboy someone who works at a stable stableman stacket a stockade stockade stade a single period of colder climate or advancing ice, as a subdivision of a longer stadial glacial period stagey savouring of the stage, acted, assumed stagy staggard the male red deer when four years old staggart staggie a colt staig stagnance the state of being stagnant stagnancy stain a dye or colouring matter; discoloration; (verb) to discolor or dirty stayne stair a rest for the foot used in going from one level to another stayre staith a wharf for the transfer of coal or ore staithe stalwart staunch; (noun) a sturdy, persistent person stalworth stampede a sudden panic-stricken rush; (verb) to rush in panic stampedo stanch firm, steadfast; (verb) to stop the flowing of, as blood staunch stanchel an upright beam, bar or support; (verb) to support by a stanchel stancher stanchion stand a structure for standing or sitting; (verb) to assume or maintain an upright position staun standgale a corrupt form of staniel, the kestrel staniel stannel stanyel stane stone; (verb) to stone stone stang a sting; (verb) to sting sting stanza a division of a poem stanze stanzo staragen the tarragon plant tarragon 322 starets an Eastern Orthodox spiritual advisor staretz starn to row backwards stern startful of a horse, apt to start startish startlish startly starve to die from lack of food sterve stashie fuss, ado, disturbance stishie stooshie stoushie stushie statable that can be stated stateable static not moving; (noun) random noise produced in a radio or television receiver statical statua a statue statue stead the place, function, role or position of another; (verb) to avail, help, serve sted stedd stedde stede steed steadfast firm, unwavering stedfast steady well-balanced; (verb) to make steady steddy steedy steale a handle steil steam water in the form of vapor; (verb) to expose to steam steme stean to line eg a well with stone steane steen stein steaning a stone lining of a well steening steining stear to steer steer stearage the act or practice of steering steerage stearin a hard fat stearine stearsman a steersman steersman 323 steenbok a small S. African antelope steenbuck steinbock steinbok stembok stembuck steenkirk a neckcloth or cravat with long lace ends steinkirk steepeup precipitous or perilous steepup steeve stiff, firm; (noun) a long spar with a pulley used to stow cargo in ship's hold stieve (verb) to stow (cargo) stegodon an extinct mammal with ridged teeth stegodont stela an upright stone slab stele stelar relating to a stele, an upright stone slab stelene stelic stellate star-shaped; starry stellated stempel a cross-timber in a shaft stemple sten to stride vigorously stend steric relating to the organization of atoms in a molecule sterical stibble stubble stubble sticcado an instrument like a xylophone sticcato stiddie a blacksmith's forge or anvil; (verb) to stithy stithy studdie stiffie an erect penis stiffy stile a step, or set of steps, built into a wall or fence; (verb) to style style stilet a small poniard, a stiletto stylet stilling a cask stand stillion stime to peer styme stimie to thwart, stump, or obstruct stimy stymie stymy stingaree a ray with a formidable barbed dorsal spine on its tail stingray stingbull the weever fish 324 stingfish stipe a stalk, esp of the fruiting body of a fungus stipes stipular of or pertaining to stipules stipulary stir bustle, activity; (verb) to pass an implement through in circular motions stire styre stirp a branch of a family; pedigree stirps stirra a respectful mode of address stirrah stiver a Dutch coin worth a penny or two; something of little value stuiver stoccado a stab; a straight thrust with a rapier stoccata stocious irish slang for drunk, intoxicated stotious stogey a long inexpensive cigar stogie stogy stoit to stagger stoiter stotter styte stomatal pertaining to a stoma, one of the minute apertures between the cells in many stomatous serous membranes stonable carrying the penalty of being stoned, i.e. pelted with stones stoneable stonen of stone stonern stonerag a kind of lichen stoneraw stoney of or like stone stony stonn to stun stonne stoun stun stoope a vessel for holy water stoup stowp stoor great, formidable; stubborn, surly; (noun) an affray, a battle stour stoure stowre sture stopoff a break in a journey stopover storax any of several fragrant resinous exudations from certain trees such as the styrax styrax and liquidambar 325 storiette a short tale storyette stot a bullock, a steer; (verb) to bound with a stiff gait stott stottie a wedge of bread cut from a round loaf and stuffed with meat or cheese stotty stound to ache, throb stownd stourie dusty stoury stowlins by stealth stownlins straddle to bestride; to set (the legs) far apart striddle stroddle strodle strafe to rake with machine-gun fire from low-flying aeroplanes straff straight uncurved; (noun) a straight stretch; (verb) to lay out a corpse straucht straught straik a line of planking or plating in a ship; (verb) to stroke strake strain a violent effort; (verb) to exert to the utmost streigne strene strait confined, rigorous; (noun) a narrow place; (verb) to confine streight strammel a straw; hence, hair strummel strand a beach; (verb) to leave in an unfavorable situation strond strang strong strong strange unusual or unfamiliar; (noun) an unfamiliar thing straunge stratose stratified; arranged in distinct layers stratous stravage to wander about idly stravaig strayve straw the stalk of corn; (verb) to scatter, spread strew strow stretta the crowding of answer upon subject near the end of a fugue stretto strewer one who strews strower stridence the quality of being strident stridency strigate having strigae, bristles 326 strigose stripey patterned with stripes stripy strobil a scaly spike of female flowers, as in the hop strobile strobilus stromb a very large gastropod related to the whelk strombus strongyl a blunt rhabdus; a parasitic threadworm strongyle strontia an oxide of the metal strontium strontian strossers trousers trossers stroupach a drink of tea stroupan strumatic scrofulous; having strumae strumose strumous strunt alcoholic liquor; (verb) (Scots) to strut strut stubbie a small squat beer bottle stubby sturnine pertaining to starlings sturnoid styliser one who stylises stylizer styptic astringent; (noun) a substance that stops bleeding of minor cuts styptical suable that may be sued sueable suaveness the state of being suave suavity suba a province of the Mogul empire subah subadar a native officer in an Indian regiment corresponding to a captain subahdar subedar subbie a subcontractor, esp in the construction industry subby subdew to subdue subdue subduce to withdraw subduct subereous pertaining to cork suberose suberous subfeu a feu granted to a vassal; (verb) to make a subinfeudation of subinfeud subfusc duskish; moderately dark; (noun) dark, formal clothes worn in combination with the subfusk academic gown, esp at Oxford University 327 sublunar under the moon; earthly; terrestrial sublunary submerge to place below the surface of a liquid submerse subniveal under snow subnivean subpena a writ commanding attendance (eg of a witness); (verb) to compel appearance in court subpoena by subpoena substract to subtract; to withdraw subtract subtil subtle, delicate subtile subtle subtility subtlety subtilty subtlety suttletie subverse to subvert subvert succah a hut or shelter roofed with branches, used by Jews as a temporary living accommodation sukkah during Sukkoth, the Festival of the Tabernacles succor help, comfort; (verb) to aid in distress succour succorer one who succors succourer succos a Jewish religious festival of thanksgiving sukkos succose of or like succus, juicy succous sucket a dainty or delicacy sunket sudarium a cloth for wiping away sweat sudary suetty resembling suet, solid fatty tissue around the kidneys suety suid any member of the pig family Suidae, including wild pigs, warthogs and the domestic suidian pig sulcate with grooves or furrows sulcated sulfa any of a class of antibacterial drugs, the sulphonamides sulpha sulfate a salt of sulphuric acid; (verb) to treat with sulphuric acid sulphate sulfatic pertaining to a sulfate, a salt of sulphuric acid sulphatic sulfid a compound of an element or radical with sulphur sulfide sulphid sulphide sulfinyl the bivalent chemical group, SO 328 sulphinyl sulfite a salt of sulphurous acid sulphite sulfitic relating to a chemical salt, a sulphite sulphitic sulfone any chemical compound containing the group SO2 joined to two hydrocarbon radicals sulphone sulfonic relating to a sulfone, any of a class of substances consisting of two organic sulphonic radicals combined with SO2 sulfonyl a bivalent sulphone group sulfuryl sulphonyl sulphuryl sulfur sulphur; (verb) to treat with sulfur sulphur sulfuret to form a sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium sulphuret sulfuric containing sulphur in higher valency sulphuric sulfury resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur sulphury sumac any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Rhus sumach summar summary summary summerly of or like summer summery sumpit a Malay blow-pipe made from a hollow cane sumpitan sunbeat continually exposed to the sun sunbeaten sundari an E. Indian tree sundra sundri sunna a collection of traditions received by orthodox Muslims as of equal authority sunnah with the Koran sunward towards the sun sunwards supawn a kind of maize porridge suppawn supercede to take the place of supersede sura a chapter of the Koran surah surquedry arrogance; haughty pride surquedy surrender the act of giving up, yielding; (verb) to yield, give up surrendry surveil to observe, keep under surveillance surveille surviver one who survives 329 survivor sus a suspect; (verb) to arrest for suspicious behaviour suss suspence suspended, held back suspens sutorial relating to cobbling or sewing sutorian sutra a precept; an aphorism; a brief rule sutta svaraj self-government, home rule swaraj svastika a Greek cross with arms bent at a right angle swastica swastika swab a bit of cotton wool or the like for mopping up blood or discharges; (verb) to absorb swob or mop with a swab swabber a sweeper of the deck of a ship swobber swabbie a seaman, esp a new recruit swabby swaddie a soldier, esp a militiaman swaddy swagman a man who seeks work while travelling about carrying his swag swagsman swail a marshy hollow or depression swale swayl sweal sweel swami a Hindu mystic swamy swankey an active, smart, vigorous person swankie swanky swap an exchange; (verb) to barter, give in exchange swop swart dark-complexioned, blackish swarthy swarty swarth the quantity of grass cut down by one sweep of the scythe swath swathe swarve to swerve swerve swatty given to hard study swotty sway a swinging or sweeping motion; rule; (verb) to move slowly back and forth swee swey swazzle an instrument consisting of two convex pieces of metal, placed in the mouth to swozzle make the voice of Mr Punch 330 sweard a sword sword sweeny an atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses swinney sweer slothful; grievous, heavy; (verb) to swear sweered sweert sweir sweirt sweetie an attractive person, a poppet sweety swiftie a trick, deception swifty swindge to swinge swinge swith quickly, at once swithe swiz a swindle; (verb) to deceive swizz swoon a faint; (verb) to faint swoun swound swoune swownd swowne swordman one who wields a sword swordsman sylphid a young sylph sylphide sylvin a native potassium chloride, a source of potash sylvine sylvite symbion a symbiotic organism symbiont symbiot symbiote symposiac pertaining to a symposium, a conference; (noun) a symposium symposial synagog a Jewish church synagogue synaphea metrical continuity between two verses in a system synapheia sync to synchronise synch syncopal of or showing syncope, the shortening a word by the omission of a sound, letter, syncopic or syllable from the middle of the word syncoptic synedrion an ancient rabbinical council of 70 sages, the highest court of ancient Jerusalem synedrium synergia combined or co-ordinated action synergy 331 syngeneic genetically similar or identical, eg in respect of grafts syngenic synodic enacted or made by or at a synod synodical synoecete a guest tolerated with indifference in an ants' or termites' nest synoekete synonym a word having the same meaning as another synonyme syntagm a syntactic unit comprising one or more (esp linguistic) signs or elements syntagma syntonic pertaining to syntony; in harmony with one's surroundings syntonous syzygal related to a syzygy syzygetic syzygial tabard a herald's or knight's cape over his armor blazoned with his coat of arms; an taberd embroidered pennant attached to a trumpet tabasheer a siliceous substance sometimes found in crude form in hollows of bamboos, used tabashir in Eastern medicine tabbinet a fabric like poplin, with a watered surface tabinet tabbouleh a kind of Lebanese salad tabbouli tabooley tabouleh tabouli tabuli taber a light medieval drum buckled onto the player's chest; (verb) to play on this tabor tabour taboggan a kind of sledge; (verb) to sledge on a taboggan tarboggin toboggan toboggin taboo a prohibition, interdict; (verb) to forbid as eg unclean tabu tapu taboret a low stool without a back or arms; a low stand or cabinet; an embroidery frame tabouret taborin a small drum longer in body than the tabor taborine tabourin tacamahac a gum resin yielded by various tropical trees tacmahack takamaka tace in plate armour, one of a series of overlapping pieces forming a kind of skirt taslet tasse tasset tach a fastening or clasp tache 332 tachism painting by smearing or splattering tachisme tachist one who paints by smearing and splattering tachiste tachylite a vitreous form of basalt tachylyte tackey slightly sticky tacky taedium boredom tedium taenia a narrow band or hair-ribbon worn in Greece tenia taeniate ribbonlike; shaped like a ribbon or tapeworm taenioid tenioid taffarel the rail round the stern of a ship tafferel taffrail taffeta a thin glossy silk (adj.) made of taffeta taffetas taffety taffia a liquor resembling rum distilled from the lower grades of molasses, refuse brown tafia sugar, etc taffy a hard-baked chewy sweet, made of sugar and butter toffee toffy tagine a conical clay pot used in N. African cooking tajine tahina a paste made of crushed sesame seeds tahini tahr a Himalayan wild goat tehr tahsil in India, a division of a district for revenue and certain other purposes tehsil taiglach small, fruit- or nut-filled pastries, dipped in honey teiglach taillie an entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is cut off, and tailye an arbitrary one substituted tailzie taira a large S. American member of the weasel family tayra taisch an apparition of someone about to die taish tait a small portion, a pinch tate taiver to wander, to rave taver taivert muddled, fuddled tavert takable that can be taken takeable 333 takhi a rare wild horse taki talak in Islamic law, divorce, esp by the husband's verbal repudiation of his wife talaq in the presence of witnesses talant talon talaunt talon talcky like talc talcy talcose of or pertaining to talc talcous taler an obsolete German silver coin thaler talipat a very tall southern Indian fan palm with enormous leaves which are used as sunshades talipot etc talisman an object supposed to have occult or magic powers, esp an inscribed stone or telesm ring worn as an amulet to avert evil or bring good luck, health, etc tallat in the West of England, a loft tallet tallot tallis the traditional prayer shawl worn by Jewish men tallit tallith tallowish of or like tallow tallowy talooka a large estate, a revenue district taluk taluka talweg a line following the lowest point of a valley; the middle of a navigable waterway thalweg used as boundary line tamable capable of being tamed tameable tamal cornmeal dough rolled with ground meat or beans seasoned usually with chili, tamale wrapped usually in corn husks, and steamed tamandu a tropical American arboreal anteater having a dense furry coat tamandua tamarao a small wild buffalo of the Philippines tamarau timarau tambac an alloy of copper and zinc tambak tombac tomback tombak tamber the distinctive quality of a sound timbre tamboura an Eastern stringed instrument, used to produce a drone tambur tambura tamin a thin worsted stuff, highly glazed tamine 334 tammie a Tam o' Shanter tammy tampion a protective plug placed in the mouth of a gun or cannon tompion tampon a plug in a wound to staunch flow of blood; (verb) to plug with a tampon tompon tamponade the surgical use of a tampon tamponage tana an Indian police station tanna tannah thana thanah thanna thannah tanadar an officer in charge of a tana, a police station thanadar tanalised of timber, treated with Tanalith, a proprietary preservative tanalized tandoor a type of Indian cooking in which meat, vegetables etc. are baked over charcoal tandoori in a clay oven tangence the state of being tangent tangency tanka the boat dwelling population of China tankia tanrec a small insectivore, native to Madagascar tenrec tantara a trumpet fanfare; a hunting cry tantarara tapacolo a small S. American passerine bird with a tilted tail tapaculo tapadera the leather guard in front of a Mexican stirrup tapadero tapestry a wall hanging; (verb) to cover with tapestry tapstry tarakihi an Australasian food fish terakihi tarantas a low four-wheeled carriage used in Russia tarantass tarboosh a fez, a hat worn by Muslim men tarbouche tarboush tarbush tarcel a male hawk tarsal tarsel tassell tercel tiercel tarlatan a thin, stiffly-starched, open-weave muslin tarletan 335 taroc a pack of cards used in fortune-telling tarok tarot tarras an earthy volcanic tuff used as a hydraulic cement terras trass tartan a plaid cloth a small, single-masted Mediterranean ship with a lateen sail tartane tartufe a hypocrite, esp one who affects religious piety tartuffe tasar a fawn-coloured silk made from wild Indian silkworms tussah tussar tusseh tusser tussor tussore tussur tater a potato tatie tattie tatler an indiscreet talker, a gossip tattler tattoo a design marked on the skin by pricking in indelible dyes; (verb) to mark the skin tattow in this way tatu tattooer one who tattooes tattooist taupie a foolish or awkward young person tawpie taurean of or relating to a bull tauric taut stretched tight (verb, Scots) to mat, tangle tawt tautaug a labroid fish of the N. American coast tautog tava a griddle in Indian cookery tavah tawa tawai any of various species of Nothofagus, New Zealand beech tawhai tawney a port of a rich orange-brown colour tawny taxameter an instrument for measuring fee for hired vehicle taximeter taxer one who imposes taxes taxor teachie tetchy techy tetchy tead a torch 336 teade team a group of persons associated in a joint action; (verb) to form a team teme teapoy an ornamental stand, usually with three legs, having caddies for holding tea tepoy tease to make fun of; to draw out teaze toaze tose toze teasel a plant with thistle-like flowers surrounded by prickly bracts; (verb) to raise teazel the nap of cloth with teasel teazle teaseler one who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth teaseller teched crazy tetched techie an expert in or enthusiast for technology; a technician tekkie tectite a type of small glassy stone, thought to be a product of meteorite impact tektite teddie a one-piece under-garment for a woman teddy tedious causing weariness tedy teel the sesame plant til teen injury, pain; (verb) to injure teene tene teenager a person between the ages of thirteen and nineteen teener teend to kindle; to burn tind teensy very small teentsy teenty teeny teepee a Native American tent tepee tipi teetotum a child's toy, somewhat resembling a top, and twirled by the fingers; orig used tetotum as a die in a game of chance tef an Ethiopian cereal grass teff tefillah a Jewish phylactery, a small cubic leather box that contains a piece of parchment tephillah upon which are inscribed passages from the Torah teg a sheep in its second year tegg tegmen the inner covering of a seed tegumen 337 tegu a large black and yellow S. American lizard teguexin tele television telly telfer a contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity telpher ; (verb) to transport by telfer telferic relating to a telfer, a contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by telpheric means of electricity tellar a sapling, a shoot from a tree-stump; (verb) to produce such a shoot teller tiller tellen a kind of marine shell tellin tellural of or pertaining to the earth telluric tellurian an apparatus representing earth and sun, showing day and night, the seasons etc tellurion tems a sieve, strainer; (verb) to sift temse temulence intoxication temulency tenail an outwork in a main fortification ditch tenaille tendence tendency (esp in composition, tendentious) tendency tendenz tendre a tender feeling, a fondness tendresse tenebrose gloomy, obscure tenebrous teniacide a substance, esp a drug, that kills a tapeworm teniafuge tenne an orange-brown colour tenny tenor the adult male voice intermediate between baritone and alto tenour tenson a competition in verse between two troubadours tenzon tentie wary, attentive tenty tenuious thin, slender, insubstantial tenuous teocalli an Aztec pyramid temple teopan tequila a Mexican alcoholic drink made from the agave plant tequilla tercelet the male of various falcons, esp of the peregrine tiercelet tercet a triplet of lines that rhyme together or are connected with adjacent rhymes terzetta tiercet 338 tercio an infantry regiment, originally Spanish tertia terefa not ritually clean, not kosher terefah tref trefa trefah treif treifa terf turf terfe turf termer a person who holds an estate for a term of years or for life termor terpineol a terpene alcohol used as a perfume base terpinol terramara a dark earthy deposit formed under prehistoric pile-dwellings in Italy terramare terreen a large vessel for holding eg soup tureen terret a metal ring on a harness through which the reins pass; a ring on an animal's territ (e. g. dog's) collar for a leash torret testril a sixpence testrill tet a Hebrew letter teth tetanic related to tetanus; (noun) an agent causing tetanus tetanical tetroxid an oxide having four atoms of oxygen in the molecule; as, osmium tetroxide tetroxide teuch tough teugh teuchat the lapwing tewhit tewit tewart a strong-timbered eucalyptus tooart tuart thack to thatch thatch theek thetch thagi murder and robbery by thugs thuggee thairm an intestine, catgut tharm thanage the state or dignity of a thane thanedom thanehood thaneship 339 thenage thane a freeman granted land in return for military service; a Scottish feudal lord thegn theater theatre theatre theatral of or pertaining to a theatre theatric thegither together together thein an alkaloid found in tea, identical to caffeine theine theolog a theologian theologue theoric theory, speculation theorique theoriser one who theorises theorizer theriac an antidote to venomous bites, originally made of various ingredients including theriaca viper flesh mixed with honey therm a unit of quantity of heat equal to 100,000 British thermal units therme thermic of or by heat thermical thermit an incendiary explosive thermite thether thither thither thetic positively asserting, bearing the thesis thetical thewless without thews thowless thiamin vitamin B1, found in seeds, grains, beans etc thiamine thiazin any of a group of organic compounds containing four carbon atoms, one sulphur thiazine and one nitrogen atom thiazol a chemical compound thiazole thible a porridge-stick thivel thickie a stupid person thicko thicky thingamy a whatsit thingummy thionin a sulphur compound thionine thiophen a five-membered heterocyclic compound with sulphur thiophene thirst the desire to drink; (verb) to feel a desire or need to drink thrist thirsty suffering from thirst 340 thristy thirty a number, three times ten (adj.) of the number thirty thretty thistle a prickly composite plant with pink, white, yellow but usuallypurple flower-heads thrissel thristle thole to endure, bear thowel thowl tholos a round building, dome, cupola tholus thon yon thonder yon yond yonder yont thoro thorough thorough thorp a group of houses in the country; a small village thorpe thraldom servitude thralldom thrang to throng throng thrapple throat, windpipe; (verb) to throttle, strangle thropple thrasher any of several American birds of the mockingbird family thresher thrave a collective noun for a number of sheaves of corn, two stooks of twelves sheaves threave each thraward froward, obstinate thrawart thread a very thin line of any substance; (verb) to pass a thread through thrid threap to rebuke, to insist threep threne a dirge; a funeral song threnode threnody threnos threnetic of or like a threnody, an ode of lamentation threnodic thrimsa an Anglo-Saxon gold coin thrymsa thro through through thru throe extreme pain; (verb) to subject to pangs throwe thruster one that thrusts 341 thrustor thuja a genus of evergreen trees, thickly branched, with scalelike leaves thuya thylose an ingrowth from a neighbouring cell through a pit into a vessel thylosis tylosis thymey full of or smelling of thyme thymy thyroxin an iodine compound, a hormone forming the active principle of the thyroid gland thyroxine thyrse a type of inflorescence thyrsus tiar a three-tiered crown tiara tich a small person titch tichy very small titchy ticken a strong linen or cotton fabric used for mattress and pillow cases ticking tickey a former S. African coin, a threepenny bit ticky ticktack to make a sound like a clock ticktock tictac tictoc tidbit a small portion, a delicacy titbit tiddley slightly drunk; (noun) an alcoholic drink tiddly tidivate to spruce up or adorn titivate tittivate tied past tense of tie, to fasten tyde tietac a tieclip tietack tiff a slight quarrel; (verb) to be in a huff tift tiffin lunch; a light meal; (verb) to have lunch tiffing tigerish resembling a tiger tigrish tiglon a cross between a tiger and a lioness tigon tika a red mark or pendant on the forehead of Hindu women, originally of religious tilak significance but now also worn for ornament tike a dog, a cur tyke tikoloshe in Bantu folklore, a hairy malevolent dwarflike creature with supernatural powers tokoloshe 342 tokoloshi tiler a maker or layer of tiles tyler timbal a kind of kettledrum tymbal timeous timely; seasonable timous timpanist one who plays the timpani tympanist timpano a kettledrum tympano timpanum the space between an arch and the lintel of a portal tympanum tine the prong of a fork; (verb, Scots) to lose, be lost tyne tinnie a mug made of tin-plate; a can of beer tinny tinsel a glittery ornament; (verb) to adorn with tinsel tinsey tippytoe to walk on tiptoe tiptoe tipuna an ancestor tupuna tiro a novice tyro tironic like a tyro tyronic tirrivee a tantrum, a commotion tirrivie tiswas a tizzy, a state of confusion tizwas tite promptly, at once tyte titer orig. the fineness of gold or silver; now the concentration of a solution as titre determined by titration; the minimum volume of a solution needed to reach the end- point in a titration tithe a tenth part; a tax payable to the church; (verb) to impose this as a tax tythe titmose a titmouse titmouse tittie a sister titty tittup a light springy step; (verb) to prance, skip about gaily titup tittuppy gay, lively, unsteady tittupy titupy tiyin a monetary unit of Kyrgyzstan tyin tyiyn tizz a state of agitation 343 tizzy toadeater a sycophant toady toadgrass a kind of low rush toadrush toastie a toasted sandwich toasty toco punishment toko tocology obstetrics; midwifery tokology toerag a beggar, a tramp; a despicable person toeragger toetoe a tall reedlike grass of New Zealand toitoi toga a Roman garment toge togaed wearing a toga togate togated toged toilsome demanding much exertion toylesome toylsom toiseach a Celtic nobleman toisech toshach tokamak a toroidal device used in fusion tokomak tolan a white crystalline derivative of acetylene tolane tolbooth a town hall, a prison tollbooth tolidin a chemical compound tolidine tollie a castrated calf tolly tolsel a tollbooth; a merchants' meeting place, or exchange tolsey tolzey toluene a hydrocarbon of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene toluol toluole toluid a complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white toluide crystalline substance toluidin any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline toluidine tombal pertaining to a tomb tombic tomentose bearing thickly matted hair or fur tomentous 344 toney high-toned, fashionable tony tongman a member of a Chinese tong tongster tonicity the normal elasticity of a healthy muscle at rest tonus tonish modish; fashionable tonnish tonnell a tunnel tunnel tonsilar relating to the tonsils tonsillar toonie a Canadian two-dollar coin twonie twoonie toorie a small heap, a knob of hair tourie tootsie sweetheart tootsy topee a tropical pith helmet topi topek an Inuit animal-skin tent tupek tupik topful full to the top topfull toponymal relating to toponymy, the study of place-names toponymic toque a kind of cap worn in the 16th century toquet tora the body of Jewish law and learning, including sacred literature and oral tradition torah toran in the Indian subcontinent, a sacred Buddhist gateway torana torchier a floor lamp with bowl for reflecting light upwards torchiere tordion a Renaissance dance similar to but slower than a galliard turdion tormenter one who torments tormentor tornade a tornado tornado torose swelling; bulging torous torquate with a distinctive ring (eg of feathers or a different colour) round the neck torquated torrefy to scorch or parch; to dry or roast with heat torrify toss an act of throwing upwards; (verb) to throw lightly tossen tostada a tortilla fried until crisp with a savoury topping 345 tostado totable capable of being toted toteable totaliser a system of betting in which the total amount staked is divided among the winners totalizer in proportion to the size of their stake totemist one belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem totemite tottie a woman or small child totty touchpad part of a laptop computer functioning like a mouse trackpad toughie a tough person; a difficult problem toughy toun a town town toupee a little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair toupet touraco any one of several species of bird of the genus Turacus, native to Africa, remarkable turaco for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers turacou touse to dishevel, rumple tousle touze touzle towse towze tousy shaggy, unkempt touzy towsy towzy tovarich friend, comrade tovarisch tovarish toward in the direction of; (adj.) approaching towards toweling material for towels towelling towmon a twelvemonth towmond towmont townee a town-dweller townie townfolk the people of a town townsfolk townlet a small town townling toxaemia blood poisoning due to toxins in blood toxemia toxic of or pertaining to poison toxical toxin a poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous 346 toxine ptomaine toyish sportive; trifling; wanton toysome trabeate built of horizontal beams, not arches and vaults trabeated tracheid a long tubelike but closed cell in xylem tracheide trachle to draggle, to trail along trauchle tradable that can be traded tradeable train a procession; a string of railway carriages or wagons; (verb) to instruct systematically trayne traipse to walk wearily trape trapes tramel to trammel tramell trammel trampet a small trampoline trampette trank tranquilliser tranq trankum a trinket trinkum trannie transistor tranny tranship to transfer from one ship to another transship transmew to transmute; to transform transmove transmute trapan an instrument for boring holes in the skull; (verb) to bore holes in the skull trepan trappose of or pertaining to trap, a kind of rock trappous trat trattoria, an Italian restaurant tratt traveler one who travels traveller travis a stall partition; a stall trevis treviss tray the three in cards or dice trey trez traybit a threepenny bit treybit treacher a traitor; a deceiver treachour treadle the part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the 347 treddle foot; (verb) to work a treadle trebuchet a medieval siege engine for launching stones trebucket treck to go on a journey trek tredille a card game for three tredrille treen made of wood; (noun) cups, dishes etc made of wood treenware treenail a wooden peg that swells when wet, used for fastening timbers, especially in trenail shipbuilding trunnel trematode a kind of parasitic flatworm trematoid tremolant a vibrating, quavering musical effect tremolo trenchand trenchant trenchant treponema a kind of bacterium, a spirochaete, that causes syphilis treponeme tressel a support consisting of a horizontal beam and sloping legs trest trestle tressour a kind of subordinary, like plaited lilies tressure trevet a stool or other thing supported by three legs trivet trew true true trews full-length trousers worn by Scot regiments; close-cut tartan drawers sometimes trooz worn under the kilt in Highland dress trouse triact three-rayed triactine trialist a person taking part in a trial or test triallist triazin a nitrogen compound used in herbicides triazine tribadism lesbianism tribady tricep a muscle of the arm triceps trickie full of tricks tricky tricolor a flag of three colours; esp the French national flag of blue, white, and red tricolour vertical stripes tricorn a hat with three points such as was worn by American revolutionaries tricorne tridental having three prongs tridented trie to try 348 try trier one who tries trior tryer triff terrific, excellent triffic triform having a triple form triformed trigonal pertaining to or having three angles trigonic trigynian having three pistils or styles trigynous trijugate in three pairs trijugous trike a tricycle tryke trilith a stone monument of two upright and one transverse slab trilithon trill a rapid alternation of two notes a tone or semitone apart, commonly ending with trillo a turn; (verb) to perform a trill trilobal having three lobes trilobed trioxid an oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide trioxide tripey of or like tripe tripy tripodal relating to a tripod tripodic triptyca a painting in three parts, especially altar piece with one central and two hinged triptych side panels triscele a figure consisting of three radiating curves or legs triskele trist sad triste tristful trisul the trident of Siva trisula troad a track, path troade trod trode troak to barter trock troke trocar a stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring tissues or for trochar inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy troche a medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form trochisk troelie an Amazonian palm tree, aka bussu; its immense leaf, used for thatching troely troolie 349 trolley a form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the trolly like; (verb) to convey by trolley tron a public weighing-machine for weighing produce in the market-place of a city trone or burgh; the post of this used as a pillory troopial any of various American orioles of the family Icteridae troupial tropin a white crystalline alkaloid, produced by decomposing atropine tropine troth faith, fidelity; (verb; Shakesp.) to betroth trowth trousers a garment worn on the lower part of the body with a loose tubular branch for trowsers each leg troutlet a little trout troutling trouvere one of a school of poets who flourished in northern France from the eleventh trouveur to the fourteenth century troweler one who trowels troweller trucage the faking of works of art truquage trudgen a swimming stroke trudgeon tsaddik in Judaism, a Hasidic leader, or person of extraordinary piety tsaddiq tzaddik tzaddiq zaddick zaddik tsardom the realm of a tsar tzardom tsetse a small fly that transmits trypanosome parasites tzetse tzetze tsigane a gypsy tzigane tzigany zigan tsimmes a sweetened stew of vegetables, fruit and meat tzimmes tsitsith the tassels on the four corners of a Jewish prayer shawl tzitzis tzitzit tzitzith zizit zizith tsooris grief, woe tsores tsoris tsorriss tsouris tsuris 350 tzuris tuatara a primitive reptile found in New Zealand, of the genus Hatteria tuatera tubaist one who plays the tuba tubist tubal in the form of a tube tubar tubate tubular tubbish round and fat tubby tubercle a small tuber, protuberance or swelling tubercule tubulose resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow tubulous tucotuco an American rodent of mole-like habits tucutuco tucutucu tuffe a tuft tuft tughra an ornamental monogram incorporating the name and title of the Sultan tugra tughrik a Mongolian monetary unit tugrik tuilyie a fight, a brawl; (verb) to struggle tuilzie tuktoo a caribou tuktu tulban a turban tulipant turban turband turbant turbond turribant tum the stomach tummy tumbrel a farm tipcart; a vehicle carrying condemned persons to a place of execution tumbril tumor an abnormal swelling or enlargement, now esp a new growth of cells in the body tumour without inflammation tumular of or like a tumulus tumulary tumulose full of small hills or mounds; hilly tumulous tuna any of several large marine food and game-fishes of the family Scombridae tunny tunable capable of being tuned tuneable tundun an Australian bull-roarer turndun 351 tunneler one who tunnels tunneller tuppenny two pennies twopenny turbaned wearing a turban turbanned turbeth the root of Ipomea turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, used as a purgative turbith turpeth turbinal scroll-like; (noun) a scroll-like bone of the nose turbinate turgency a balance of osmotic pressure and cell-wall elasticity turgor turgent turgid turgid turkies turquoise turkis turquois turm a troop turme tushie the bottom, the buttocks tushy tushkar a turf-spade tushker tuskar tusker twiscar tussal relating to a cough tussive tussock a compact tuft of grass or sedge tussuck tut an exclamation of rebuke; (verb) to say tut tuts tutoress a female tutor tutress tutrix tuyer a nozzle, mouthpiece, or fixture through which the blast is delivered to the tuyere interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire of a forge tweer twier twyer twyere twa two twae twain tway two twaddle idle talk; (verb) to prate; to talk much and idly twattle twal twelve twelve 352 twankay a variety of green tea twanky twasome a twosome twosome tweenager a child of approximately eight to fourteen years of age tweener tweenie a between-maid tweeny twerp a foolish person twirp twerpy like a twerp, a foolish person twirpy twibil a double-headed axe twibill twifold twofold twofold twyfold twoccer a person who takes (a car) without the owner's consent twocker twoccing the offence of taking (a car) without the owner's consent twocking tympanal like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanal membrane tympanic tynd old past of tind, to kindle tynde typable that can be typed typeable typey characterised by conformity to a group typy typhose of or pertaining to typhus typhous tyran a tyrant; (verb) to tyrannize tyranne tyrant uhlan a light cavalryman in semi-oriental uniform; a Prussian lancer ulan uillean as in uillean pipes, a kind of bagpipes developed in Ireland and operated by uilleann squeezing bellows under the arm uintahite a tar-like asphalt found in the Uinta valley, Utah uintaite ukelele a small four-stringed guitar originating in Hawaii but developed from an earlier ukulele Portuguese instrument ulama the body of professional theologians, expounders of the law, in a Muslim country ulema uliginose slimy; oozy; growing in swampy places uliginous ulyie oil ulzie um an interjection expressing doubt or hesitation; (verb) to express doubt or hesitation umm umbeled having umbels 353 umbelled umbre the hammerhead, a brown bird related to the storks umbrette umbrel the visor of a helmet umbrere umbriere umbril umbrose shade-giving; dusky umbrous umma the body of Muslim believers considered as one community ummah umpie an umpire umpy umpteen denoting an indefinitely large number umpty umpteenth the ordinal of umpteen; (noun) an indefinitely large number in a sequence umptieth umteenth umquhile some time ago; formerly umwhile umra a lesser pilgrimage to Mecca made separately or at the same time as the hajj, umrah and consisting of a number of devotional rituals performed within the city unable not able unhable unaching not aching unaking unageing not ageing unaging unai a two-toed sloth unau unaneled without extreme unction unnaneld unawares without warning unware unwares unbid not bid or commanded unbidden unblended not blended unblent unblowed not blown, still in the bud unblown unbraced not braced; with clothing unfastened unbraste unbrizzed unbruised unbruised unbrused unbroke unbroken unbroken unburden to free from a burden unburthen unburned not burned 354 unburnt uncinate hooked at the end uncinated unclench to open from a clenched position unclinch uncoined not coined uncoyned undefide not defied undefied undersea below the sea underseas undreamed not dreamed of undreamt undulance the state of being undulant undulancy undulant rising and falling in waves undular undulose undulating, wavy undulous uneath with difficulty, hardly uneathes uneth unnethes unfilde not rubbed with a file unfiled ungain awkward, uncouth ungainly ungord unwounded ungored unheal to discover, disclose unhele unicolor having one colour unicolour unilobar having a single lobe unilobed unioniser one who unionises unionizer uniramose esp. of the appendages of crustaceans, consisting of a single branch uniramous unisonal being in unison unisonant unisonous unitiser one who unitises unitizer unked odd; strange; uncouth unket unkid unkend unknown; strange unkenned unkent unlet not letted (of a property) 355 unletted unlich unlike unlike unloose to loosen unloosen unmard unmarred unmarred unmiter to deprive of a miter; to depose or degrade from the rank of a bishop unmitre unmold to change the form of; to reduce from any form unmould unmoneyed without money unmonied unpanel to unsaddle unpannel unpinked not pinked, i.e. not ornamented with punched holes unpinkt unproved not proved unproven unready not ready unredy unrhymed not rhymed unrimed unrid unridden unridden unrough not rough, beardless unruffe unsavory not savory unsavoury unsawed not sawed unsawn unshaked unshaken unshaken unshale to strip the shale, or husk, from unshell unshaved not shaved unshaven unshewn not shown unshown unshoot to revoke the shouting of by a contrary shout unshout unshrived not shriven unshriven unsmitten not smitten unsmote unsod not boiled, not sodden unsodden unsoncy unlucky unsonsie unsonsy unsoote unsweet 356 unsweet unsowed not sowed, eg of a field unsown unspide unobserved unspied unspilled not spilled unspilt unspoiled not spoiled unspoilt unstuffed not stuffed unstuft untride not tried untried unvail to unveil unvaile unveil unvexed not vexed unvext unvisor to remove or open the vizor of unvizard unwaked not waked unwakened unwarely unwarily unwarily unwarie unwary unwary unwed not wed unwedded unweeting unwitting unwitting unweldy unwieldy unwieldly unwieldy unwhipped not whipped unwhipt unwont unwonted; unaccustomed unwonted upadaisy an expression of reassurance to someone who has fallen over upsadaisy upbound past of upbind, to bind up upbounden upbraid to reproach upbray upby a little farther on upbye updraft an upwards movement of air updraught uphoard to hoard up uphoord upmost highest uppermost 357 uprest a rising uprising uprist upsee a carousal upsey upsy upsilon a Greek letter ypsilon upta of poor quality upter upward toward a higher place or position upwards uraemia the retention of waste materials normally excreted uremia urinemia uraemic relating to uraemia, retention of waste materials normally excreted uremic urde pointed, with a pattern of points urdee urdy ureal relating to urea ureic uredinium a uredosorus, a sorus or pustule in which urediniospores are formed uredium ureteral relating to the ureter, a tube from kidney to bladder ureteric urethan a crystalline ether, used as an anaesthetic and pesticide urethane urgence urgency urgency urinose of or pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qualities urinous usable that can be used useable usance the time allowed by custom for payment of a bill of exchange in foreign commerce usaunce usheress a female usher usherette usquabae whiskey usque usquebae usurious practising usury usurous usward towards us, in our direction uswards utiliser one who utilises utilizer utmost in the greatest degree, extreme; (noun) one's greatest effort uttermost utopiast one who believes in utopia utopist 358 vacance vacancy vacancy vaccina cowpox vaccinia vae in Orkney or Shetland, a bay or creek voe vaginate invested with, or as if with, a sheath vaginated vaginula a little sheath, as that about the base of the pedicel of most mosses vaginule vagrant wandering; (noun) a wanderer with no apparent means of support vagrom vaire charged or variegated with vair, squirrel fur vairy verrey verry vaivode originally, the title of a military commander in various Slavonic countries; voivode afterwards applied to governors of towns or provinces waivode waiwode waywode woiwode vakeel a native lawyer in India vakil valence an element's power to combine, measured by number of atomic weights of other valency elements with which the atomic weight of the element will combine valeta a kind of dance veleta valgoid like valgus, club-foot valgous vali a governor, esp of a vilayet wali valiance valour valiancy valkyr in Norse mythology, a chooser of the slain valkyrie walkyrie vallar applied to an honorific garland bestowed in ancient Rome on the first to mount vallary an enemy's rampart vallonia a tanning material, made from the acorns of a Levantine oak valonea valonia valor valour valour valval relating to a valve valvar valvassor a knight, noble etc. with vassals under him who is himself the vassal of a greater vavasor noble vavasour vavassor valvula a little valve 359 valvule vambrace a piece of armour designed to protect the arm from the elbow to the wrist vantbrace vantbrass vamoose to go, depart esp hurriedly vamose vampish like a vamp, sultry, seductive vampy vanadate a salt of vanadic acid vanadiate vanessa a butterfly of the red admiral genus Vanessa vanessid vantage advantage; (verb, Spenser) to benefit, profit vauntage vapor matter in the form of a tenuous fluid, either as a gas or as a suspension of vapour minute droplets; (verb) to change into vapour vaporer a day-flying moth of the genus Orgyia vapourer vaporiser something that vaporises vaporizer vaporish resembling or suggestive of vapours vapourish vapory full of vapors; vaporous vapoury vara a Spanish American linear measure vare varec a kind of seaweed, aka kelp varech vraic varment a pest, vermin varmint vermin varoom a noise imitative of speed; (verb) to make a varoom noise vroom varvel a ring for a hawk's jess vervel vassail vessel vessail vastitude vastness; immense extent vastity vastness vatic prophetic, oracular vatical vaudoo West Indian black magic vaudoux vodou vodoun vodun voodoo voudon voudou 360 voudoun vault an arched roof or ceiling; (verb) to leap over vaut vaute vawte vauntie boastful, vain vaunty vawntie vav a Hebrew letter vaw veale to veil veil vele vedette a mounted sentry stationed to watch for enemy vidette veena an Indian stringed instrument vina veep a vice-president veepee veggie a vegetarian vegie vehemence urgency, forcefulness vehemency veinlet a small vein veinule veinulet venule veinous full of veins veiny venose veinstone gangue veinstuff velate having a velum, a veil or integument velated veld open grassland veldt veldskoen a shoe made of rawhide velskoen vellenage the state of being a villein villanage villenage vellet velvet velvet velour a woollen stuff with velvet-like pile velours velure venatic related to hunting venatical vendable that can be vended; (noun) something that can be vended vendible vendace a whitefish, found in Scottish lochs 361 vendis vendiss vendage the grape harvest vendange vender one who sells vendor venefic acting by poison or potions or by sorcery venefical venereal relating to sexual desire or intercourse venerean venereous venewe a venue veney venue venin any of various toxic substances in venom venine ventage a finger-hole, as in a flute ventige ventre to venture venture ventrous adventurous venturous venulose full of venules, or small veins venulous vera very verra very veranda a roofed gallery, terrace, or open portico along the front or side of a building verandah viranda virando veratria an alkaloid or mixture of alkaloids obtained from white hellebore rhizomes, sabadilla, veratrin etc veratrine verderer an officer in charge of royal forests verderor verdict the decision of a jury at the end of a legal proceeding verdit verdigris a green or bluish deposit especially of copper carbonates formed on copper, brass, verditer or bronze surfaces; (verb) to coat with verdigris verger a church usher and attendant virger veridic truthful; corresponding to reality veridical verlig politically liberal verligte vermeil bright red; vermilion; (noun) a bright red colour; (verb) to make crimson vermeille vermell vermil vermilion 362 vermily vermouth a drink with a white wine base, flavoured with wormwood and other herbs vermuth vernacle a cloth with image of Christ's face impressed upon it vernicle verquere an obsolete form of backgammon verquire verrucose covered with warty elevations verrucous versin a versed sine versine verst a unit of distance equal to approximately 2/3 of a mile verste vertu virtue, power virtu virtue vertuous possessing virtue or power virtuous vervain a wild verbena, believed to have magical powers verven vesicle a small blister; a bladder-like or rounded cavity vesicula vespine of wasps; wasp-like vespoid vestiment vestment, garb vestment vexil the vane of a feather vexillum vexillar of or like a vexillum, the vane of a feather vexillate viatic pertaining to roads or travel viatical vibrance the state of being vibrant vibrancy vibratile capable of vibratory motion vibrative vibratory vibrio a genus of motile bacteria characterized by short, slightly sinuous filaments vibrion and an undulatory motion vicarate the office or authority of a vicar vicariate vicenary based on the number twenty vicesimal vigesimal viciate to impair the quality of, spoil vitiate viciosity the state or character of being guilty of or devoted to vice or immorality vitiosity victoress a female victor victress victrix 363 victual provision; in plural, food; (verb) to provide with food vittle vicugna a wild wool-bearing llama-like animal of the Andes vicuna videodisc a compact disk on which video is stored videodisk videotex a system used to display information on a television screen videotext vifda in Shetland, meat hung and dried without salt vivda vigor active strength vigour vild vile vilde vile vildness vileness vileness viliaco a coward viliago villagio villiaco villiago villagery villages; a district of villages villagree villain a violent, malevolent or unscrupulous evil-doer villan villainy the state of being a villain villany villose abounding in, or covered with, fine hairs, or a woolly substance villous violater one who violates violator viraemia the presence of viral particles in the blood viremia virelai an old French lyric form in two-rhymed stanzas of short lines virelay viricide the killing of viruses virucide virose poisonous; foul virous virulence the state of being virulent virulency visagist an expert in facial make-up visagiste visard a mask or visor visor vizard vizor viscoid somewhat viscid viscoidal viscose viscous; (noun) the sodium salt of cellulose xanthate, used in the manufacture of 364 viscous viscose rayon visie a close or careful look; (verb) to take a close look vizy vizzie visionary a person of imagination or foresight visioner visionist visiter a visitor visitor visorless without a visor vizorless vista a view, prospect; (verb) to make into, or see into, vistas visto vitaliser something that vitalises, a tonic vitalizer vitamin any of various organic substances essential to proper nutrition vitamine vitular pertaining to calves or to veal vituline viverra a member of the ferret or civet family viverrid viverrine vivers food; eatables vivres vizierial of or like a vizier, a minister in various Muslim states vizirial vlei low-lying ground where a shallow lake forms in the wet season vly vocal uttered by the voice; (noun) a sound uttered by the voice vocular vocaliser one who vocalises vocalizer voertsak an offensive expression of rejection voertsek voetsak voetsek volcanian relating to a volcanic eruption, esp one that discharges gases and ash but little vulcanian or no lava volcanic of or like a volcano; (noun) a volcanic rock vulcanic volcanism volcanic power or action vulcanism volcanist one versed in the history and phenomena of volcanoes vulcanist volubil flowing smoothly voluble volumiser an agent used to give extra body to hair volumizer vortical like a vortex, whirling vorticose votable that can be voted 365 voteable votaress a female votary votress votarist one who has taken a vow, esp religious votary vouchsafe to grant as a privilege or special favor voutsafe vouge a weapon carried by foot-soldiers in the 14th century, consisting of a blade voulge on a staff vug a small unfilled cavity in a lode or in rock vugg vugh vuggy like a vug or vugg, a cavity lined with crystals vughy vulsella a forceps with toothed or clawed blades vulsellum vulturine like a vulture; rapacious vulturish vulturous vulval relating to the vulva vulvar wab a web web wabble to wobble wobble wabbler one who wabbles wobbler wabbly wobbly wobbly waboom a S. African proteaceous tree; also, its tough wood, used for making wagon wheels wagenboom wabster a weaver webster wacko mad, eccentric; (noun) a mad or eccentric person whacko wacky eccentric whacky wadable that can be waded wadeable wadd an earthy ore of manganese wadt waddie a kind of war-club used by Australian aborigines waddy wadi the dry bed of a torrent; a river valley wady wadmaal a coarse, hairy, woollen cloth, formerly used for garments by the poor wadmal wadmel wadmol wadmoll wadset a kind of pledge or mortgage; (verb) to pawn or mortgage 366 wadsett wae woe wo woe waeful woeful waesome woeful woesome woful waeness sadness woeness waesuck interjection used to express pity, alas waesucks waff to bark waugh waggon a four-wheeled vehicle, esp one for carrying heavy goods; (verb) to transport by wagon waggon waggoner one who drives a wagon wagoner wahconda a supernatural force in Sioux belief wakanda waid weighed waide waif a neglected, abandoned or orphaned child; (verb) to cast up as a waif waift wefte wairsh tasteless, insipid, unsalted wersh waistcoat a garment, plain or ornamental, reaching to or below the waist and now sleeveless, weskit worn by men at different periods under doublet, coat, jacket etc wait to stay in expectation of waite wakerife wakeful, vigilant waukrife wakf the donation of land, property or money for charitable or pious purposes waqf waldgrave a former German title of count; a head forest ranger wildgrave wale a ridge raised on the flesh by the stroke of a whip; (verb) to mark with wales weal wheal walkmill a fulling-mill waukmill waulkmill walla a person who is associated with a particular work or who performs a particular wallah duty or service - usually used in combination walleye an eye in which the iris is pale or whitish watcheye wallie an idiot or imbecile wally waly 367 wame a womb weamb wem wemb womb wamefou a bellyful wameful wammus a kind of cardigan or strong jacket buttoned at the neck or wrists wampus wamus wandle supple, pliant, nimble wanle wannel waney waning wany wangan in a lumber camp, a chest for supplies, or the pay office wangun wanigan wannigan wanion a word of uncertain signification, used only in the phrase with a wanion, apparently wannion equivalent to with a vengeance, with a plague, or with misfortune wannabe someone who tries to be associated with an admired person or set of people wannabee wapenshaw a periodical gathering of the people within an area for the purpose of seeing wapinshaw that each man was armed according to his rank, and ready to take the field when required wardrobe a large cupboard for clothes; (verb) to keep in a wardrobe wardrop wariment wariness wariness wark to work work warragal the Australian wild dog, the dingo warragle warragul warrigal warran to warrant warrand warrant warranter one who warrants warrantor warray to make war on warrey warre worse waur worse warsler a wrestler warstler wrestler warst worst waurst 368 worst wast west west wasteful tending to waste wastfull wasteness the state of being waste wastness wasterie prodigality wastery wastrie wastry watap a fibre or thread made by some N. American Indian peoples from the split roots watape of conifers, esp white spruce wattape waucht a large draught; (verb) to drink in large draughts waught wauff to wave wave wauk to full (cloth) waulk wauker a fuller waulker waul to cry like a cat wawl wrawl wavey the snow-goose wavy waw a wave wawe wax a fatty substance; (verb) to treat with wax; to grow larger wex wexe waygoose an annual employees' dinner or outing wayzgoose weariful wearisome wearisome weasand the windpipe weason weazand wesand wessand wezand wizzen weaseler one who weasels weaseller weaselly like a weasel, shifty weasely weather atmospheric conditions; (verb) to expose to atmospheric conditions wedder weazen thin; sharp; wizened; (verb) to wizen wizen 369 wedel to ski in a swiveling motion with skis close together wedeln weeke a wick wick weel a whirlpool; a fish-trap weil wiel weenie a frankfurter, a small smoked beef or pork sausage weeny weiner wiener wienie weepie a sentimental film or book weepy weet wet (verb, arch.) to know weete weeviled infested by weevils weevilled weevilly full of weevils weevily weigela a hardy garden shrub belonging to the honeysuckle family, with white or red flowers weigelia weird eeerily strange; (noun) doom, destiny; (verb) (Scots) to destine, to doom weyard weyward weirdie a very strange person weirdy welaway alas welladay welladays wellaway wellaways welch to default on a debt welsh welcher one who defaults on a debt welsher welder one who welds weldor wellie a wellington boot welly wendigo a mythical monster among some N. American Indian tribes, that eats human flesh windigo weregild money paid by a killer's family to the family of the victim to prevent a blood wergeld feud; the cash value of a man's life wergelt wergild werewolf a mythical being able to change at times from a person to a wolf werwolf westlin towards the west westlins westward in a westerly direction 370 westwards wha who whae who whaisle to wheeze whaizle wheeze wheezle whammo an interjection expressive of violent impact whamo whap to beat whop wop whapper anythting very large whopper wharenui a tall carved building used as a guesthouse wharepuni wharve a disc on the lower part of a spindle serving as a flywheel wherve whaten what kind of whatna whatten whatsis something whose name is unknown whatsit whaur where whear wheare where wheelman a steersman wheelsman wheep to give a prolonged whistle wheeple wheesht an interjection calling for silence; (verb) to keep silent whisht wisht whemmle to overturn; to throw into a state of disorder whomble whommle whummle wherefor for which, for which reason wherefore whereso wherever wherever wherret a blow; (verb) to give a sharp blow to whirret wheugh an interjection expressing wonder, relief or dismay; (verb) to say wheugh whew wheyey of the nature of, or containing, whey wheyish which what particular one or ones whilk 371 whid to move quickly, whiz whidder whidah a group of African birds related to the finch whydah while during the time that; (noun) an indefinite period of time; (verb) to pass the time whilst whimberry the bilberry or whortleberry, so called because it grows on moors among the whins, whinberry or furze whimbrel a bird like a curlew wimbrel whimple a cloth covering for head and neck worn by nuns; (verb) to wrap in a whimple wimple whimsey delicately fanciful behaviour; gentle fantasy whimsy whiney given to whining whiny whingding a lively party wingding whinge to complain fretfully, to whine winge whiniard a short sword or dirk whinyard whinstone a hard and compact rock whunstane whir to make a continuous rapid buzzing or softly clicking sound whirr whirtle a perforated plate through which wire or tubing is drawn wortle whisket a basket; esp a straw provender basket wisket whiskey a spirit made by distilling fermented cereals, which is matured and often blended whisky whitey a white person whity whither to blow strongly with a roaring sound wuther whitrack a weasel whitret whitrick whittret whittaw a saddler or harness-maker; a maker of white leather whittawer whitter to talk or mutter peevishly or ineffectually witter whiz a person remarkably talented or skilful at something; (verb) to fly through the whizz air with or as if with a whistling noise whizbang a light shell of high velocity which is heard arriving before the gun's report; whizzbang a firework resembling this whizzo excellent, impressive whizzy whodunit a murder mystery 372 whodunnit whomp to strike heavily, thump whump whoof to make a deep snorting sound woof whoopee an exclamation of delight whoopie whoosh to move making the sound whoosh woosh whort a whortleberry whortle whydunit a novel or film concerned with the motives rather than the identity of the criminal whydunnit wich a tree with pliant branches, as in wych elm wych wickape an American tree, aka leatherwood wicopy wicken the rowan tree wicky wickiup a N. American Indian hut constructed with an oval frame and covered with grass wickyup or mats wikiup widder a widow widow widdie a rope, esp one made of osiers; a hangman's noose widdy widgeon a kind of fresh-water duck with a light crown wigeon widthway across the width, as distinct from lengthways widthways wifehood the state of being a wife wivehood wifey a diminutive of wife wifie wigga a white youth who adopts Black youth culture wigger wight swift, nimble; (noun) a creature or a person; (verb) (Scots) to blame, lay the blame wite on wyte wilding that which grows wild, without cultivation wildling wile a trick, device; (verb) to beguile, inveigle wyle wilful self-willed, obstinate willful wilja an Aboriginal shelter or hut wiltja willey a willow-basket; a willowing machine; (verb) to clean in a willowing machine willy williwau a strong gust of cold wind blowing seawards from a mountainous coast, as in the williwaw Straits of Magellan 373 willywaw willyard wilful willyart wimmin women women womyn wincey plain or twilled cotton winsey windac a windlass; an instrument for bending a crossbow windas winding changing direction, sinuous; (noun) the act of winding windring windle an appliance for winding yarn; (verb) to wind yarn on this winnle windock a window windore window winnock winds a small ventilating shaft between two levels of a mine winze windward in the direction of the wind windwards winey like or tasting of wine winish winy winterly like winter, cheerless wintery wintry wirricow the devil, a hobgoblin, anything frightening worricow worrycow wis to know wist wit wot wish to feel an impulse toward attainment or possession of something wiss wispish like a wisp wisplike wispy wistaria an ornamental climbing plant wisteria without lacking; outside; (noun) an exterior place or area withouten withwind bindweed or other climbing plant withywind wiver a dragon wivern wyvern woadwax dyer's greenweed woadwaxen 374 woodwax woodwaxen wobegone sad, dejected woebegone wock a pan used in Chinese cookery wok wolfer a hunter of wolves wolver wolfing the hunting of wolves for their skins wolving wolfish like a wolf wolvish wolverene a ferocious mustelid of Arctic regions, aka glutton wolverine womaniser one who engages in casual sexual encounters with women womanizer womankind women generally, the female sex womenkind womera a stick for launching a spear with greater force wommera woomera woomerang won to dwell woon wonder to have a feeling of curiosity or doubt wonner wonderous strange, wonderful wondrous woning a state of dwelling; a dwelling-place wonning wood the hard substance composing the trunks and branches of trees and shrubs; (verb) wud to cover with woods or trees woodbind the honeysuckle, applied also to other creepers woodbine woodhouse a wild man of the woods, used in heraldry as a supporter woodwose woodie a wood-panelled station-wagon woody woodroof woodruff woodruff wooled having (such) wool; as, a fine-wooled sheep woolled woolen made of wool; (noun) a woolen garment woollen woolie a garment made of wool woolly wooly woose a wimp wuss worral an Egyptian fork-tongued lizard, about four feet long when full grown worrel 375 worrit to worry; to annoy worry worset a woollen fabric made from closely twisted yarn spun of combed long-staple wool worsted wotcha a greeting, developed from what cheer? how are you wotcher wouldest 2nd pers. pt. sing. of would wouldst wrack seaweed or wreckage cast up on shore; (verb) to torture, torment wreck wrackful destructive wreckful wrast to wrest wrest wrathful extremely angry wrothful wreathe to shape into a wreath wrethe writable that can be written writeable writhen twisted, convoluted wrythen wurley a nest; an aboriginal hut wurlie wyn a rune, having the value of modern English W wynn xantham a gum produced by culture fermentation of glucose, used as a stabilizer xanthan xanthin a white substance, structurally related to uric acid, found in muscle tissue, xanthine the liver and other organs xanthoxyl a plant of a genus of the rue family found in Brazil, in particular the prickly-ash zanthoxyl or Hercules club xebec a small, three-masted Mediterranean vessel with both square and triangular sails zebec zebeck xerosis abnormal dryness of body parts xerotes xiphoid sword-like; (noun) the xiphoid process or xiphisternum xiphoidal xylene any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found xylol in coal and wood tar xylidin any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, resembling aniline and related to xylene xylidine xyloidin a substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch xyloidine xylonite a non-thermosetting plastic of the nitrocellulose type zylonite xyst a long covered portico or court used by ancient Greek athletes for exercises xystos xystus yabbie a small freshwater crayfish 376 yabby yachter one who sails a yacht yachtman yachtsman yack persistent or idle talk; (verb) to talk persistently yak yacker hard work, toil yakka yakker yaird a garden yard yald active, nimble yauld yamalka a religious skullcap yamulka yarmelke yarmulka yarmulke yamen the offices and residence of a mandarin yamun yaourt a semi-solid, somewhat sour foodstuff, made from milk curdled by the addition yoghourt of certain bacteria yoghurt yogurt yapock an amphibious opossum of S. America, the only aquatic marsupial yapok yapon a bushy evergreen shrub of the holly genus yaupon youpon yupon yappie a young aspiring professional; a young affluent parent yappy yar nimble yare yardstick a stick three feet long; any standard of measurement yardwand yarfa in Shetland, peaty soil; clayey, sandy or fibrous peat yarpha yashmac a double Muslim veil leaving only eyes uncovered yashmak yasmak yaup to yelp or bark yawp yauper one who yaups, yelps or barks yawper yawey pertaining to the disease yaws yawy yead to go, proceed yede yeed yeah yes 377 yeh yealing a person of the same age yeelin yealm a bundle of straw for thatching; (verb) to straighten straw for thatching yelm yeast one of a group of simple unicellular fungi, used in brewing, baking etc; (verb) yest to ferment; to be covered with froth yeasty of, relating to, or resembling yeast; (fig.) full of restless energy or creativity; yesty insubstantial yecch an interjection expressing disgust; (noun) something disgusting yech yucch yuch yegg a burglar esp of safes yeggman yeldring the yellowhammer yeldrock yoldring yorling yowley yelk yolk yolk yell to cry out loudly yelloch yenta a gossipy woman, esp one who pries yente yep yes yup yerk to tie with a jerk yirk yeshiva a school for the study of the Jewish scripture, the Talmud yeshivah yesk to hiccup or belch yex yester relating to yesterday yestern yestereve yesterday evening yestreen yeuky itchy yucky yukky yuky yicker of an animal, to utter sharp cries yikker yipe an interjection expressing fear or surprise yipes yippie a member of a radical political group founded in 1967 with ideals based on those yippy of the hippies yite the yellowhammer yitie yobbery being a yob 378 yobbism yock to laugh yok yuk yod a Hebrew letter yodh yodeler one who yodels yodeller yodler yogee one who practises yoga yogi yogin yoick a hunting cry to urge the hounds after the fox; (verb) to utter this cry yoicks yojan in the Indian subcontinent, a measure of distance yojana yonker a young person younker youngth youth youth youthhead youthhood youngthly youthful youthful youthly youthsome youthy yourn yours yours yourt a Mongolian tent made of felt yurt yurta yous you when addressing more than one person youse yow to yowl, howl yowl yuca any plant of the genus Yucca of plants of the family Liliaceae, native to Mexico yucca yug one of the four Hindu ages of the world yuga eugarie another name for pipi, any of various shellfishes yugarie yuppie a young urban professional yuppy zabaione a rich Italian custard zabajone zabtieh a Turkish policeman zaptiah zaptieh zaffar an impure oxide of cobalt zaffer 379 zaffir zaffre zaftig having a full rounded figure, pleasingly plump zoftig zakouska a hors d'oeuvre; a snack zakuska zamarra a shepherd's sheepskin coat zamarro zamboorak a small swivel-gun, esp one mounted on the back of a camel zomboruk zumbooruk zambuck a member of the St John's ambulance brigade, esp one on duty at a sporting event zambuk zamindar in India, a type of landowner zemindar zamindari the jurisdiction of a zamindar zamindary zemindari zemindary zanana in the Indian subcontinent, the part of a house in which high-caste women are zenana or were secluded zareba an improvised stockade, esp one made of thorn bushes, etc zareeba zariba zereba zeriba zarf an ornamental metal holder for a handleless coffee cup zurf zarnec a native sulphide of arsenic zarnich zealant a zealot, a religious fanatic zelant zealotism the character or conduct of a zealot zealotry zebrula the hybrid offspring of a male zebra and a female horse zebrule zebub an Ethiopian dipterous insect zimb zecchin a former Italian gold coin zecchine zecchino zechin zed the letter 'Z' zee zelator a nun whose duty is to keep watch on the behaviour of younger nuns in the convent zelatrice zelatrix zibeline the fur of the sable; a soft woollen material with a lustrous pile zibelline zibet a civet cat zibeth 380 ziggurat an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure zikkurat built in successive stages with outside staircases and a shrine at the top zikurat zila an administrative district in India zilla zillah zincify to coat or impregnate with zinc zinckify zincky of or like zinc zincy zinky zircalloy an alloy of zirconium containing small amounts of tin, chromium, and nickel, zircaloy used in pressurized-water reactors zite a type of pasta like large macaroni ziti zither a musical instrument of strings stretched over a horizontal sounding board and zithern plucked with a plectrum ziz a nap or sleep; (verb) to take a nap zizz zoaea a larval stage in certain crustaceans zoea zooea zoetrope a slotted rotating cylinder producing primitive animation zootrope zombi in West Indian magic, a reanimated corpse zombie zonate divided into zones zonated zonula a small zone zonule zonulet zoogeny the doctrine of the formation of living beings zoogony zooglea a mucilaginous mass of bacteria embedded in slimy material derived from swollen zoogloea cell walls zoogloeal of or like a zoogloea, a mucilaginous mass of bacteria zoogloeic zoolatria worship of animals zoolatry zoolite a fossil animal zoolith zoonomia animal physiology zoonomy zoophilia the love of animals; erotic fondness for animals zoophily zoppa having a syncopated or temporarily changing accent of a beat zoppo zoril a striped carnivorous mammal of the weasel family found in sub-Saharan Africa zorilla zorille zucchetto a round skullcap worn by Catholic clergy to indicate rank 381 zuchetta zuchetto zuffolo a small flute used to train songbirds zufolo zygosperm a spore formed by union of two similar cells zygospore zymogen an inactive enzyme precursor, which is converted into an enzyme when activated zymogene by another enzyme 382
Pages to are hidden for
"CSW Complete Variants"Please download to view full document