text:
|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
IgE cross-linking triggers many cellular processes that drive allergic disease. While the role of IgE in mediating allergic responses is best described on basophils and mast cells, expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor on other innate immune cells, including monocytes, suggests that it may impact the function of these cells in allergic environments.
To determine the effect of IgE cross-linking on the function of human monocytes.
Monocytes purified from healthy donor blood samples were cultured for 4–96 hr with media alone, a cross-linking anti-IgE antibody, or control IgG. Surface CD14 and CD64 expression and secreted cytokine concentrations were determined. Monocyte function was determined by assessing: 1) phagocytosis of E. coli or apoptotic HEp2 cells and 2) killing of intracellular E. coli. Select experiments were performed on monocytes obtained from participants with elevated versus normal serum IgE concentrations.
IgE cross-linking on monocytes increased CD14 expression and induced secretion of TNF-á, IL-6, and autoregulatory IL-10. These effects were greatest in individuals with elevated serum IgE concentrations. In contrast, IgE cross-linking reduced CD64 expression and significantly impaired phagocytic function without disrupting the capacity of monocytes to kill bacteria.
IgE cross-linking drives monocyte pro-inflammatory processes and autoregulatory IL-10 in a serum IgE-dependent manner. In contrast, monocyte phagocytic function is critically impaired by IgE cross-linking. Our findings suggest that IgE cross-linking on monocytes may contribute to allergic disease by both enhancing detrimental inflammatory responses and concomitantly crippling phagocytosis, a primary mechanism utilized by these cells to resolve inflammation.
Despite the significant healthcare burden of atopic disease in the United States1–3, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis are incompletely understood. IgE plays a critical role in mediating atopic disease: significant correlations between serum IgE concentration and disease have been demonstrated in allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis4, 5. Indeed, serum IgE concentration represents a diagnostic criterion for these conditions6, 7. Therapies that reduce serum IgE concentration, such as omalizumab, result in clinical improvement in patients with severe atopic disease8, 9.
IgE exerts its effect on atopic disease via the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI10. Upon cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE by a multivalent allergen the receptor is activated, resulting in intracellular signaling and cell-type specific effects10. Surface FcεRI expression on several immune cells, including basophils and dendritic cells, is increased in individuals with atopic disease and correlates with serum IgE concentration11, 12.
FcεRI mediates IgE-dependent pathways in several cell types, and its role is best characterized in basophils and mast cells. In these cells, IgE cross-linking induces release of inflammatory mediators including histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines13, 14. FcεRI plays an important role on myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDC and pDC, respectively) as well12; IgE cross-linking on these cells induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion15, 16. In pDCs, IgE- and toll-like receptor(TLR)9-mediated pathways have been shown to oppose one other16; allergic stimulation via this pathway also interferes with in vitro pDC antiviral responses17.
FcεRI is also expressed on monocytes and is increased in individuals with atopic diseases11, 18, 19. Present in high numbers at mucosal surfaces and in the skin both during steady state and inflammatory conditions, such as allergen exposure, monocytes and their progeny are poised to influence allergic responses20–25. Monocytes play many important roles during inflammatory processes, including regulating immune responses through the release of cytokines26, and resolving inflammation though phagocytosis of cellular debris27–29. Expression of specific surface molecules can also reflect functional properties of monocytes. CD14 contributes to TLR4 signaling and is thus important for immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)30. CD64, the high affinity IgG receptor, contributes to phagocytosis; its expression reflects monocyte phagocytic function31, 32.
Despite the expression of FcεRI on monocytes from both atopic and non-atopic individuals11, 18, 19 and the importance of these cells in inflammatory processes, the consequences of FcεRI activation on monocytes remain incompletely characterized. Stimulation of FcεRI has been shown to induce activation of NF-kB and secretion of TNFα, IL-6, and MCP-1 in human monocytes33, 34. In addition, FcεRI cross-linking of GM-CSF and IL-4 treated monocytes in vitro has been shown to promote IL-10 secretion and differentiation into macrophages35.
We set out to define the impact of IgE cross-linking on the function of human monocytes and to determine whether serum IgE concentration impacts the magnitude of these responses. Monocytes, by virtue of their expression of FcεRI, inflammatory capacity, and prevalence in mucosal tissues, have the potential to significantly influence allergic inflammation. Determining how IgE cross-linking impacts monocyte function will lead to a better understanding of the role of this important cell type in allergic processes and may reveal critical pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic disease.
Leukocyte-enriched blood samples were obtained from a local blood bank and diluted 1:1 (vol/vol) with PBS (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY; supplemented with 2% heat-inactivated FCS and 2 mM EDTA). For select experiments, blood was drawn from human donors into tubes containing acid citrate dextrose. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by centrifugation with Ficoll-Paque (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) and monocytes were purified using the EasySep Negative Selection Human Monocyte Enrichment Kit (Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, Canada). Purity ranged from 85%–95%.
Isolated monocytes were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 media (GIBCO; supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% Na pyruvate, 1% glutamate, 1% HEPES buffer solution, 1% non-essential amino acids, and 100 mM β-mercaptoethanol) at a concentration of 1×106 monocytes/ml. Rabbit anti-human-IgE (αIgE) or rabbit IgG (IgG) (1 or 10 µg/ml; Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX) was added to monocyte cultures as indicated. For select experiments, F(ab)'2 fragments derived from αIgE and IgG antibodies (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) were added at 10 µg/ml. For cytokine neutralization experiments, mouse anti-human-IL-10, -IL-6, -TNFα, -IL-10Rα, -IL-6R, -TNFRI or IgG1 or IgG2b isotype controls (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were added to monocyte cultures at 10 µg/ml (anti-TNFα, IgG1) or 5 µg/ml (others). Time points reflect distinct cultures for indicated times, with no removal or replacement of media or antibodies.
The following fluorochrome-conjugated anti-human antibodies were used: CD14-V450, CD64-FITC, CD64-PE, FcεRI-PE (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA). Cells were rinsed with PBS and stored in Streck Cell Preservative (Streck, Omaha, NE) at 4° C prior to staining. Preserved samples we re washed, resuspended in 100 µl PBS and incubated with 2.5 µl of each antibody for 30 min at 4° C. Cells were then washed and resuspended in 1% paraformaldehyde. Samples were subsequently acquired on a BD LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) and analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR). Mean fluorescence intensity for CD14+ cells was determined and subsequently converted to mean equivalent standard fluorescence (MESF), using Ultra Rainbow Calibration Particles (Spherotech, Lake Forest, IL) and FlowJo.
Supernatants were harvested and stored at −80° Cels ius (C) until use. Concentrations of TNFα and IL-10 in monocyte culture supernatants were measured by ELISA using Legend Max Human ELISA kits (BioLegend, San Diego, CA). IL-6 concentration was determined using READY-SET-GO! Human IL-6 ELISA kit (eBioscience, San Diego, CA).
BODIPY FL-conjugated E. coli BioParticles (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were opsonized with E. coli Opsonizing Reagent (Molecular Probes) according to manufacturer instructions, added to monocyte cultures at 10 bacteria/monocyte and incubated at 37° C for 2 hr. For microscopy, mo nocytes were washed and mounted onto slides with a Cytospin 4 Centrifuge (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). Slides were fixed with methanol and coverslipped with Vectashield Mounting Medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Images were acquired on a Deltavision Deconvolution Microscope (Applied Precision, Issaquah, WA) for 50 cells per sample. Internalized particles were counted in ImageJ using a macro written by D Pyle. For flow cytometry, monocytes were washed, stained for CD14, and acquired on the LSR II.
For selected experiments, HEp2 cells were grown in complete DMEM media (GIBCO; supplemented as above). Cells were incubated with 5 µM Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE) (Molecular Probes) for 10 minutes, washed extensively with media, and incubated for 24 hr with 1 µg/ml Actinomycin D (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to induce apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were washed, opsonized with 100 µg/ml whole human IgG (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX) and added to monocyte cultures at a 1:1 ratio. After 4 hr, cells were washed and stained for CD14 for flow cytometry analysis. In some experiments, CD14+ monocytes were sorted on a BD FACSAria flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) based on CFSE fluorescence and imaged as above.
E. coli (DH5α strain, a kind gift from David Farrar) were grown in LB media (Sigma) and added to monocyte cultures at 10 CFU/monocyte for 45 min. Gentamicin (Amresco, Solon, OH) was added (100 µg/ml) and monocytes were harvested immediately (0 hr) or after 16 hr. Monocytes were washed extensively, counted, and lysed in sterile deionized H2O. Lysates were plated on LB agar (Sigma) overnight and colonies were counted. CFU/Cell was determined for each harvest and % of bacteria killed was calculated as %Killed = (CFU/Cell0hr − CFU/Cell16hr) ÷ CFU/Cell0hr × 100. This calculation reflects bacterial killing regardless of the amount of phagocytosis.
Individuals with a history of serum IgE concentration >100 U/ml were recruited for select experiments. Individuals with lower IgE were recruited as controls. All participants had positive skin test to ≥1 indoor allergen. Skin tests were performed36 and serum IgE levels were determined17 as previously described. This study was approved by the University of Texas Southwestern institutional review board. Written informed consent and assent were obtained.
Data are presented as means ± SEM. For all data sets with N>8, Grubb's test for outliers was applied with α=0.0001 and outliers were removed from analysis. Where indicated, data were normalized to the media condition for each experiment. For three or more conditions, one-way repeated measures ANOVA and pairwise Tukey's post hoc comparisons were performed for each time point. For comparison of two conditions, paired or unpaired t tests were performed with Holm-Sidak correction where appropriate. For experiments comparing high vs. low IgE individuals, Pearson correlations between experimental results and log of serum IgE concentration were performed. p<.05 was considered significant. All statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism versions 5 and 6.
The majority of the assays reported hereafter were performed on monocytes from healthy human blood donors. To establish potential clinical impact, we performed certain assays on monocytes obtained from participants with either low (<100 U/ml) or high (>100 U/ml) serum IgE levels. Participant information is reported in Table I. The majority of participants in both groups had a history of asthma and all tested positive for at least one environmental allergen by skin test. There was no statistically significant difference in age or demographic characteristics between groups. As we have reported previously for pDCs from individuals with elevated IgE levels17, monocyte expression of FcεRI was significantly elevated in the high IgE group. Data from these experiments were compared for correlation with serum IgE concentration; these analyses are summarized in Table EI in the Online Repository.
To determine the effect of IgE-mediated stimulation on functionally relevant monocyte surface markers, we analyzed the impact of IgE cross-linking on the surface expression of CD14 and CD64.
IgE cross-linking resulted in significant up regulation of CD14 expression at both time points measured (Fig. 1 A). In contrast, surface expression of CD64 was significantly diminished by IgE cross-linking (Fig. 1 B). An F(ab)'2 fragment of the IgE cross-linking antibody induced similar up regulation of CD14, indicating that the effects of the whole antibody were not mediated by Fcγ receptors (Online Repository Fig. E1 A).
Additionally, CD14 up regulation after IgE cross-linking was greater in individuals with elevated serum IgE (Fig. 1 C) at both time points. Moreover, the expression of CD14 after IgE cross-linking was positively correlated with serum IgE levels (Fig. 1 C) at 96 hr.
To determine the temporal patterns and interactions of cytokines induced by IgE cross-linking, we analyzed three cytokines commonly secreted by monocytes: TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10.
TNFα secretion was significantly increased by IgE cross-linking at all time points measured (Fig. 2 A, left). Interestingly, the concentration of TNFα induced by IgE cross-linking was greatest after 4 hr and diminished significantly by 24 hr. This reduction could reflect degradation of TNFα between 4 and 24 hr. IgE cross-linking induced robust IL-6 secretion at 4 and 24 hr; in contrast to TNFα, IL-6 levels were maintained at 48 hr (Fig. 2 A, middle). The F(ab)'2 fragment of the IgE cross-linking antibody induced similar secretion of IL-6 after 48 hr (Online Repository Fig. E1 B), confirming that effects of αIgE on monocytes are not Fcγ-mediated.
IgE cross-linking also induced significant IL-10 secretion (Fig. 2 A, right). Notably, the greatest IL-10 concentrations were observed after 24 hr of IgE cross-linking and corresponded with lower TNFα concentrations. To evaluate a potential regulatory role of IL-10 on TNFα production, we used neutralizing antibodies against both IL-10 and its receptor in the presence of IgE cross-linking. The neutralizing antibodies were chosen such that they did not interfere with cytokine detection by ELISA. IL-10 blockade prevented the reduction in IgE-mediated TNFα secretion over time (Fig. 2 B, left), suggesting an autoregulatory role for IL-10. Interestingly, IL-10 blockade also led to a dramatic increase in IgE-mediated secretion of IL-6, as well as IL-10 itself (Fig. 2 B, middle and right). However, neutralization of TNFα and IL-6 did not affect IL-10 levels (Online Repository Fig. E2), suggesting that the induction of IL-10 by IgE cross-linking is not mediated by TNFα or IL-6.
Interestingly, this autoregulatory IL-10 secretion was increased in monocytes from individuals with elevated serum IgE (Fig. 2 C, left); in fact, IL-10 secretion after IgE cross-linking significantly correlated with serum IgE concentration (Fig. 2 C, right). While the increased autoregulatory IL-10 response in individuals with elevated serum IgE might predict reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, this was not the case. TNFα secretion upon IgE cross-linking was actually increased and IL-6 secretion was 4-fold higher in participants with elevated IgE (Fig. 2 D).
We next examined the effects of αIgE concentration on IgE-mediated surface marker expression and cytokine secretion. IgE cross-linking induced concentration dependent up regulation of CD14, down regulation of CD64, and secretion of IL-6, and IL-10, while TNFα secretion was similar at both concentrations (Online Repository Fig. E3). Subsequent experiments were performed using 10 µg/ml, as this concentration of anti-IgE induced the maximum effect.
Given the inflammatory nature of IgE-mediated monocyte cytokine secretion, we next explored the impact of IgE cross-linking on a critical monocyte function: phagocytosis.
Utilizing microscopy to quantitate internalized bacteria, we determined that IgE cross-linking significantly impairs monocyte phagocytosis. Monocytes exposed to IgE cross-linking internalized fewer killed, opsonized bacteria compared to monocytes cultured in control conditions (Fig. 3 A). Quantitation of internalized bacteria revealed a significant reduction in phagocytosis after IgE cross-linking (Fig. 3 B). To extend these findings to multiple time points and assess the role of specific cytokines in phagocytosis, we utilized a higher throughput flow cytometry assay to similarly measure phagocytosis; this revealed a significant reduction in monocyte phagocytosis at both 48 and 96 hr after IgE cross-linking (Fig. 3 C). Interestingly, the impairment of phagocytosis induced by IgE cross-linking was not altered by neutralization of TNFα, IL-6, or IL-10 (Fig. 3 D, Online Repository Fig. E4), suggesting that this effect of IgE cross-linking is independent of IgE-mediated cytokine secretion and not subject to autoregulation by IL-10.
To assess the extent of the functional impairment resulting from IgE cross-linking, we next investigated whether bacterial killing was altered in monocytes that had already engulfed bacteria. By comparing the number of live, internalized bacteria immediately after phagocytosis and after a 16 hr period, we were able to determine the ability of monocytes to kill internalized bacteria even when different numbers of bacteria were initially engulfed. Confirming our findings with killed, opsonized bacteria (Fig. 3 A–C), monocytes exposed to 48 hr of IgE cross-linking internalized fewer live, unopsonized bacteria than monocytes in control conditions (Fig. 3 E, left). Surprisingly, IgE cross-linking did not affect the killing of internalized bacteria after a further 16 hr incubation (Fig. 3 E, right), suggesting that the IgE-mediated functional deficit on monocytes is specific to phagocytosis.
One important function of monocytes and their progeny is the clearing of apoptotic debris after infection or inflammation27–29. We next determined the effect of IgE cross-linking on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. After exposure of monocytes to CFSE-labeled apoptotic cells, monocyte CFSE fluorescence was diminished in the IgE cross-linking condition, indicating diminished phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (Fig. 4 A). Interestingly, two distinct populations of monocytes were observed: CFSElowwhich contained small apoptotic debris (Fig. 4 B,C), and CFSEhighwhich contained large apoptotic cell remnants (Fig. 4 B,D). IgE cross-linking significantly reduced monocyte phagocytosis of small debris (CFSElow monocytes; Fig. 4 E) as well as the percentage of monocytes that phagocytosed large apoptotic cells (CFSEhigh monocytes; Fig. 4 F). In combination, these two measures reflect diminished phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by monocytes exposed to IgE cross-linking.
Unlike the pro-inflammatory effects of IgE cross-linking, the impairment of monocyte phagocytosis was not dependent on serum IgE concentration. Monocytes from participants with elevated IgE levels showed similar levels of phagocytosis after 48 and 96 hr of IgE cross-linking (Fig. 5 A). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between serum IgE and phagocytosis after IgE cross-linking (Fig. 5 B), again suggesting that IgE-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis is independent of the pro-inflammatory effects of IgE cross-linking.
Because basophils express high levels of FcεRI and secrete immunomodulatory mediators upon IgE cross-linking14, we examined possible basophil contamination by determining the percentages of CD14− HLA-DR− FcεRI+ cells in each experiment. While most purified monocyte preparations contained <1% CD14− HLA-DR− FcεRI+ cells, some contained more (1–4.8%). To rule out potential basophil contribution to the above results, we compared the magnitude of IgE-mediated effects to the % CD14− HLA-DR− FcεRI+ cells in each experiment and no relationships were observed (data not shown).
In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that IgE cross-linking impairs the function of human monocytes. Despite the inflammatory phenotype induced by IgE cross-linking, the phagocytic function of these cells is concomitantly crippled (Fig. 6). In addition, this study is the first to demonstrate the impact of serum IgE concentration, a biomarker of allergic disease, on the magnitude of IgE-mediated monocyte responses.
IgE-mediated induction of CD14 represents one potential mechanism by which monocytes may contribute to allergic inflammation. Our finding that IgE-mediated CD14 expression correlates with serum IgE concentration may explain the clinical observation that allergen exposure up regulates CD14 on monocytes from sensitized individuals37. Since CD14 is essential for LPS responses, one potential consequence of increased CD14 expression is enhancement of this response. This is relevant to allergic disease considering that individuals with allergic asthma have increased bronchial reactivity to inhaled LPS38, which itself contributes to airway inflammation in mouse models of allergic asthma39. Our results suggest a potential link between increased CD14 expression and allergic airway disease and a role for IgE in this process.
Another prominent finding in our study was the rapid and robust secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. Several studies have implicated TNFα in the pathogenesis of allergic disease, where it has been shown to impact airway inflammation40–42. Additionally, IL-6 sputum concentrations correlate inversely with respiratory function in asthma patients43. The results of our study suggest that IgE cross-linking on monocytes could thus contribute to allergic disease via the induction of TNFα and IL-6 secretion.
The gradual rise in IL-10 secretion was in marked contrast to the kinetics of TNFα induced by IgE cross-linking. The ability of IL-10 neutralization to reverse the TNFα decline and dramatically augment secretion of IL-6, and even IL-10 itself, suggests that IL-10 acts in an autocrine fashion to limit IgE-mediated cytokine secretion and possibly induce degradation of existing TNFα. In fact, IL-10 is proposed to play a suppressive role in allergic asthma44. Since IL-10 has been shown to suppress T cell and monocyte/macrophage responses to pathogens45, 46, excess IL-10 could potentially disrupt these immune responses. Given the importance of pathogen-associated exacerbations of allergic diseases47, this potential effect of IgE-mediated monocyte IL-10 secretion represents an exciting direction for future studies.
We report for the first time that IgE cross-linking specifically disrupts monocyte phagocytosis without affecting bacterial killing. The apparent discrepancy between IgE-mediated impairment of phagocytosis and induction of a pro-inflammatory program – including TNFα, a cytokine known to promote phagocytosis48 – suggests potential activation of divergent pathways by IgE cross-linking. One possible mechanism is impairment of TNFα responsiveness after IgE cross-linking, as increased TNFα concentration after IL-10 neutralization did not rescue the IgE-mediated repression of phagocytosis. However, TNFα unresponsiveness cannot completely account for IgE-mediated effects on monocyte function, as bacterial killing, another TNFα-responsive process48, remained intact. CD64 is also involved in phagocytosis and its expression is known to reflect monocyte phagocytic ability31, 32. The down regulation of CD64 induced by IgE cross-linking represents another potential mechanism contributing to impaired phagocytosis.
Another key regulator of phagocytosis is SH2-domain-containing inositol 5' phosphatase 1 (SHIP), which inhibits macrophage phagocytosis through its action on membrane phospholipids49. Interestingly, SHIP has also been reported to augment TLR-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion50 and to mediate formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, which promote killing after phagocytosis51. In addition to its roles in macrophages, SHIP is a negative regulator of allergic signaling in basophils; upon activation by IgE cross-linking it limits degranulation52. Activation of SHIP by IgE cross-linking in monocytes could potentially explain our observation of impaired phagocytosis despite secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intact bacterial killing.
The relevance of IgE-mediated disruption of phagocytosis to allergic disease is evidenced by studies demonstrating that alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria and apoptotic cells is impaired in individuals with severe allergic asthma53, 54. Indeed, reduced macrophage phagocytosis has been correlated with increased sputum eosinophils and reduced respiratory function in individuals with allergic asthma32. Furthermore, macrophage ingestion of apoptotic granulocytes has been shown to reflect the resolution of asthma symptoms55, underscoring the importance of this process in allergic disease. IgE-mediated impairment of monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis in vivo could thus lead to reduced clearance of apoptotic debris and delayed resolution of inflammation.
In summary, we demonstrate that IgE cross-linking drives select functions in human monocytes including the secretion of both pro-inflammatory and autoregulatory cytokines, which is enhanced in monocytes from individuals with elevated serum IgE levels. In contrast, the ability of monocytes to engulf bacteria or cellular debris is significantly impaired by IgE cross-linking. This suggests that while allergic stimulation of monocytes promotes some aspects of inflammation, it concomitantly impairs the ability of these cells to resolve inflammation via phagocytosis. For individuals with elevated serum IgE concentration, the inflammation induced by allergic stimulation may be more pronounced considering their enhanced secretion of TNFα and IL-6. Yet, their ability to resolve such inflammation is blocked by IgE-mediated signaling. The ability of IL-10 to modulate IgE-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion without impacting the impairment of phagocytosis suggests that divergent pathways are induced by IgE cross-linking (Fig. 6). Further, the discordant regulation of cytokine secretion and phagocytosis may perpetuate inflammation that occurs during infection in the context of allergic stimulation. Future studies designed to delineate how IgE-mediated signaling leads to these disparate functional effects will further elucidate the consequences of IgE cross-linking on human monocytes and provide a foundation for understanding the role of this important cell type in IgE-mediated allergic disease.
We thank Deborah Gonzales, Dolores Santoyo, Brenda Lewis, and Rebecca Hardy for assistance with the enrollment of the study participants. We thank Angela Mobley and the UT Southwestern Flow Cytometry Facility for assistance with flow-based assays. We also thank Dr. Andrew Koh for lending reagents.
Funding Sources:
William A. and Joyce M. Sellars Distinguished Chair in Allergy and Immunology
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text:
Intervals of increase and decrease are the domain of a function where its value is getting larger or smaller, respectively. For a function f(x) over an interval where, f(x) is increasing if and f(x) is decreasing if . For f(x) over a given interval, if f(x) is increasing and if f(x) is decreasing. To find the intervals of increase and decrease for a function, first determine f′(x), find its roots, and then find the values (positive or negative) of f′(x) for the regions defined by the roots to determine areas of increase and decrease.
Join Chegg Study and get:
Guided textbook solutions created by Chegg experts
Learn from step-by-step solutions for 9,000 textbooks in Math, Science, Engineering, Business and more
24/7 Study Help
Answers in a pinch from experts and subject enthusiasts all semester long

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's one thing to read about nature watch programs on videos, but kindergarten students at Brook Village are bringing nature right into the classroom.
Its never to early to get your child ready for Elementary School.
That's why the WFISD hosts the annual Pre-K and Kindergarten Round Up.
Chicago Public Schools is considering a new proposal that would begin teaching sexual education in kindergarten.


text:
The old car plant is now one of the UK's largest regeneration projects
When the receivers walked into MG Rover's Longbridge car factory in 2005, it was hailed as the end of an era — mass manufacturing at the 100-year-old plant ceased and 6,500 workers lost their jobs.
Today the site of what was once the largest manufacturing site in the world is now one of the UK's largest regeneration projects. About 1,300 construction workers are building a £1 billion, 400-acre, technology park and town centre with 2,000 homes, a new Bournville College for 15,000 students, together with retail, leisure and office space. The project should create 10,000 jobs for the Birmingham suburb by 2011.
Mike Murray, senior surveying manager for St Modwen, the developer, says that the first phase of the regeneration — an innovation centre — is now fully let, providing office and laboratory space and business support services for about 40 start-up companies, employing 220 to 300 people. The majority of the start-ups are high tech and IT companies. A new office building — Two Devon Way — is next to be let, with two more office buildings planned.
Mr Murray says that the plan is for start-up companies to progress from the innovation centre to the offices as they grow.
Two remnants of the old industrial plant remain. One has been bought by PRG Lighting — a stage and lighting company for tours, theatre and television — which occupies Rover's old parts storage building and employs about 400 people.
In "Longbridge South" about 200 people are involved in the traditional local industry of producing MG cars. MG Motor UK, now owned by the Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, is receiving good reviews for the MG6 — the first British-built car to be produced at Longbridge since 2005. And with MG saying that it hopes to increase production to 50,000 cars a year, it could be argued that Longbridge's closure 15 years ago was just what the region needed.
Nominate your favourite hotels, airlines, tour operators and destinations in our annual travel awards
Win a BMW 3 Series for the summer plus trips to top sporting events
Austerity programme leaves Latvia's economy booming
Rewarding success through innovation from entreprenuers to SMEs and FTSE100
Find out who is headlining and what is new about this year's festival
Africa Travel has more than 30 years of experience providing every trip imaginable to spectacular destinations
How seismic mapping unlocks further reserves
Why FanDuel fantasy sport is a big winner in the US
Thinking of setting up a business abroad? Don't go anywhere without consulting this guide
Realise your potential in the RAF Reserves
Engineering & Asset Management Director, RNLI, Poole, Dorset, £83,839 - £98,634 (dependent on experience), Relocation assistance may be provided
Senior Lecturer Film (Film/Sound), Arts University Bournemouth (AUB), Bournemouth, Dorset, £28,695 - £35,256
Sales Director, Matrix SCM, Milton Keynes, A significant six figure package which is negotiable
100s of Graduate Jobs & Schemes. Start your Search Here
Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 Roadster Grigio Estoque with nero marrone leather
1965 Ferrari I 250 TR recreation red with leather
Bentley Continental GT V8 glacier white with beluga hide
Aston Martin Vanquish 2+2 volcano red with winter wheat leather
Set over four floors, in excess of 14,000 sq.ft. and with exceptional attention to detail.
A stunning setting of open countryside, in close proximity to nearby towns.
Salcombe's first development of new properties right on the water's edge for almost twenty years.
This property is for sale on Zoopla, but not for long.
7 Nts at the Stylish 4* Ocean Two Hotel from only £879pp. Save 30! Dept 1 Sept – 22 Oct.
Spectacular views, spa facilities, fine dining...relax, we're offering more nights for free
When staying at the 4* db San Antonio Hotel & spa, Malta this summer, book by 1 July
Save £500pp on 2016 European cruises inc meals, selected drinks, tips & excursions.


text:
Unfortunately, I was wearing one of their dresses today, but at the last minute the zipper broke!
They have two front welt pockets, two back welt pockets, two hook closures at the waist, and a zipper fly.
Just as Strauss-Kahn critics joked that his zipper could be his undoing, Sarkozy cynics bet on a baby.
1925, probably an agent noun from zip (v.1). The trademark taken out on the name that year applied to a boot with zippers, not to the "lightning fastener" itself, which was at first called a zip.


text:
Image Unavailable
|CDN$ 15.00 & FREE Shipping on orders over CDN$ 25. Details
Product Details
Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images?
|1. Nick Of Time
|2. Thing Called Love
|3. Love Letter
|4. Cry On My Shoulder
|5. Real Man
|6. Nobody's Girl
|7. Have A Heart
|8. Too Soon To Tell
|9. I Will Not Be Denied
|10. I Ain't Gonna Let You Break My Heart Again
|11. The Road's My Middle Name
Again, rebuying her music that I had years ago. Totally enjoy her voice and music. Totally recommend if you like Bonnie.Published on March 24 2013 by Patricia M Strapp
What's not to like about this cd? Perfect production and arranging. Great vocals and musical performances. Read morePublished on March 25 2004 by Rollie Anderson
This is my first Bonnie Raitt album and I am hooked for life! I enjoyed one song after another on this album, and when I heard "Too Soon To Tell" it was like "wow, I love this... Read morePublished on Nov. 22 2002
It's been years since I bought this, and I still love it. I love the music and the lyrics. Bonnie Rocks!Published on Dec 5 2001 by "merylsp"
i saw this concert when i was 8 years old and i have been listening to this cd almost everyday since. it is everything anyone is looking for in a CD. Read morePublished on Feb. 23 2001 by "sarahjane136"


text:
Thanks for redeeming.{{else}}
Success! Thanks for repurchasing.{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}
Increase my visibility!{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}
{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}{{else}}
We are loading you into the search listing pages...{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
{{Current}} just saw you!{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}
{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{else}}
0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}
{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}
{{Current}} see you now!{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}
You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
32 year old woman | Pittsburgh, PA, USA | Seeking men 29-37 within 20 miles
This is where I should say something witty....hmmm...
I have finally become confident in being single, and maybe its that whole being in my 30s thing, but I am ready to go out and meet some new people! Now for all the cliches...I am a very laid back person, I can usually go with the flow in most social situation and always just want to have fun. I enjoy going out, but I am not into the club scene. I prefer more laid back places, especially dive bars, or places with a focus on good food and drinks. I work as a restaurant manager, which makes for a lot of interesting stories but not always a ton of free time. My schedule tends to change from week to week, so I need someone who is ok with being flexible and hanging out on weird days...my "weekends" usually fall during the middle of the week. I don't let the hours hold me back, however, which makes me quite the night owl....Im usually awake long past when I should be. Having a good sense of humor is something that is really important to me, because I always try to look at the lighter side of life and can find the humor in most situations. If you are a pessimist, keep on searching, because that will get old for me very quickly. I don't want to have to always cheer someone up. I will always try to find a silver lining in any situation. I love watching movies and TV, but I also enjoy going to see live music, checking out museums and art, and reading. I have a dog, his name is Roger and he is the coolest. He is a rescue dog, part blind, and a huge pain in my ass but I love him! I love food. All food. I will try anything once. Going out to eat is one of my favorite things to do, especially at new places. There are so many places I still need to try! I may work for a national chain restaurant, but I don't like eating at them in my free time. I'll be honest...I like to look nice, but I am not a girly-girl. I don't wear heels often, I am most confortable in a tshirt and jeans. I have tattoos, and will probably get more. That being said, Im pretty freaking awesome. It's important that I can get along with someone, and that we have things in common and things to talk about. One of my biggest pet peeves is when I have to struggle to have a conversation with someone! I am always up for doing new things, and I can find the fun in any situation, whether its going out or hanging in, as long as I'm with someone that makes it fun! I am a generally happy person to be around, and a great friend to those that I care about. I don't want to give everything away, but if you are interested, feel free to let me know!
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Billiards / Pool, Dancing, Football, Swimming, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
I have a dog named Roger, and he is awesome and I love him! I rescued him 2 years ago it was the best thing I ever did!
New York City, Philly...I haven't had the chance to travel as much as I would have liked, but I would much prefer to explore a cool urban location....as far as in Pittsburgh, I mostly go out in Lawrenceville/Bloomfield. So over the SouthSide scene
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Football, the Godfather (favorite movie!), watching shows on HBO, trying new restaurants, tattoos, my friends, my dog, good beer, coffee, art, music, John Mayer (its cool, you can judge me), making the most of my free time, family
Hanging out with friends, drinking, going to the movies, shopping, going out to eat, reading, art museums. My favorite places to have a drink are dive bars...not a huge fan of the clubs. Places with a laid back vibe and good food and drinks
The last book I read and loved was "Killing Kennedy"...I'm sort of a weird type of history buff...I have about 5 other books that I have started reading, but have yet to finish.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'6" (198cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey
|No Way, Occasionally, Daily, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Retail / Food services
|No preference
Restaurant Manager
|$35,001 to $50,000
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
|Spiritual but not religious
|Agnostic, Atheist, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious
|English, French, Italian, Spanish
|Bachelors degree
|High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
watch files and execute command on change
juggle is a command line utility that sits and watches files and takes action on changes.
describe what you want watched and what you want to do in the
npm install -g juggle
{ "watch":[ { "who":{ "path":"./less", "regex":"\\.less$" }, "action":{ "cmds":[ { "name":"LESS => CSS", "cmd": "lessc", "args":[ "{{fullfile}}", "css/{{filename}}.css" ] } ] } }, ... ]}
aclark >> juggle manifest.json
{{fullfile}} # full file name 'less/style.less'{{fileext}} # file extension '.less'{{path}} # path of file 'less'{{filename}} # name of file 'style'
Windows due to limitations in the syncExec package.
OSX you will need Xcode installed.


text: http://techcrunch.com – Google is grappling with an ongoing antitrust case in Europe over its online search business, and if its rivals have anything to do with it, that might extend into Google's power in the mobile sphere, too. Figures out today from Kantar Worldpanel may not help Google's case very much. The analysts say that in the last three months, Google-powered smartphones, running Android, accounted for more than 70% of sales in the region's five biggest markets of Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Spain — part of a wider, global trend of Android continuing to consolidate its (IT news)


text:
Nejma Aoud One
Nejma Aoud One
Eau De Parfum
by Pascal Morabito
MFor Men
Please enter a valid e-mail address.
Free U.S. Shipping (orders over $59.00)
- Design House: Pascal Morabito
- Fragrance Notes: Cumin, Green Mandarin, Tobacco, Bourbon Vetiver, Mysore Sandalwood And White Musk.
- Year Introduced: 2009
- Recommended Use: casual
No reviews written for this product


text:
Sometime i have it if the path or the diretory to temp is unavailable.
Ouppps ! I never see this. i am sorry.
I use this the share memory in plugin of samurize, here...
I try RBE v1.14 with mod of method 2 for overdrive limit. Don't work with catalyst 8.8. So i try with mod of clock setting (500 and 850...
After reinstalling the driver and CCC, all working.
AGCT don't work on my 4870 sapphire.
Set clock tel me "SetClock failed! Please check device configuration" and thermal Sensor tab show...
Oups, sorry, i don't see this. Thanks you.
I see that GPUZ go in icontray when minimize. that 's cool.
When i put a shortcut to GPUZ in start folder and ask to this shortcut to...
You can find the plugin here : http://www.samurize.com/modules/mydownloads/index.php.
It is "A plugin for GPU Z". It use the share...
I see the post "GPU-Z Shared Memory Layout" and, of course, i make a plugin for samurize. So samurize can display on desktop the value...
Separate names with a comma.


text:
View catholic Singles in Palos Park
By clicking continue, I agree to receive transactional and promotional emails from Match.com. I understand that I am free to withdraw consent at any time.
By using our site, you agree to the Match.com Terms of Use.
27 - Palos Park, IL
Active within 24 hours
22 - Palos Park, IL
Active within 24 hours
27 - Palos Park, IL
Active over 3 weeks ago
26 - Palos Park, IL
Active within 2 weeks
26 - Palos Park, IL
Active within 24 hours
40 - Palos Park, IL
Active over 3 weeks ago
Your one stop for singles in the Prairie State of Illinois. Subscribe now and start emailing singles in Illinois today! Like what you've seen on Match.com? Now, take the next step and become a member. First, create a Free profile and tell us a little about yourself and what you're looking for in a partner and relationship. In addition to creating a Free profile, members can post photos and send winks all for free. Winks are the perfect way to break the ice with someone who's caught your attention. On Match.com, surrounded by thousands of Palos Park's hottest singles, you'll only stay single if you want to be single.
Alsip, Argo, Bedford Park, Blue Island, Bridgeview, Burbank, Burr Ridge, Calumet Park, Chicago Ridge, Countryside, Crestwood, Evergreen Park, Hickory Hills, Hodgkins, Homer Glen, Hometown, Indian Head Park, Indianhead Park, Justice, Lemont, Markham, Merrionette Park, Midlothian, Mount Greenwood, Oak Forest, Oak Lawn, Orland Hills, Orland Park, Palos Heights, Palos Hills, Posen, Robbins, South Suburban, Summit, Summit Argo, Summit-Argo, Tinley Park, Wicker Park, Willow Springs, Worth view all states »


text:
2 questions by nyoomyWatch
©2013-2015 nyoomy
1. is my face too small for this hair ?
2. is the face too childish ? ovo' youve seen me you should know eue
oh btw its a new selfie idea
1. Not from what I can see.
2. Nope.
She's cute...disconcertingly floating in the air...but cute...
Okay, EVERYBODY sing...."Iiiiii ain't got no boooooodddyy!"
(Thank you, David Lee Roth! )
2. Nope.
She's cute...disconcertingly floating in the air...but cute...
Okay, EVERYBODY sing...."Iiiiii ain't got no boooooodddyy!"
(Thank you, David Lee Roth! )
For me, it looks quite okay~ :3
I think the face looks a bit childish or something idek
Something like try to elongate it a little bit
It's hard to describe :'D
only teh lips tho
and freckles 2 maybe
but other den that,
it doesn't look too childish, more like a mischievous loli, and then idk on the face being too small, looks a lil bit, but like, only a small amount
1. Yea, the face is small, but fit perfectly
2.A bit childish, really like a tsun chibi >w<
Needs more freckles <_<
I really like her hair, I think what makes her look childish is her small mouth, that's all.
Just make her lips bigger!
Just make her lips bigger!
I really like how this looks ! qvq I think the face is really cute and fits well. the only thing off i find (only cause its a selfie??) is the pigtails cause they're overly large and all that qvq I've done the whole pigtails-with-hair-down hairstyle with my own hair a lot last year and they're usually thin and close to the head and always shorter than the original hair length qvq (assuming thats what youre going for omg sorry if im being annoying--)
ah nu its not pigtails with hair down, thats just pigtails with the side bangs and the back bit not being properly fitted yet my bad xD
oh okay that makes much more sense im sorry !! qvq its still super cute either way !
sh dont apologise it looks super weird anyway lol x
maybe you'd like it better without the pigtails??
umh... maybe it's too childish... but... idk...
naah, i dont think the face looks childish or small, but the hair does look childish, in my opinion
A1. no this hair fits the hair perfectly imho
A2. tbh as much as i like this , i think the face should have more of a mature look (since it's ur selfie)
but if it was ur OC , then THIS IS FUKKING PERFECT <3
i may look quite mature when im not smiling, but my face gets very childish when im properly smiling n v n thats what i based it off of ono'
adjfkhdafkjda tbh i think the hair is a bit too oc-ish idek??
i mean it looks really nice but i dont think it suits you well :'D


text:
I am an experienced, patient teacher and tutor who loves to read and teach. I have a Bachelor's degree in Exceptional Student Education, and a Master's degree in Reading and ESOL endorsement. My twenty-nine years of teaching experience, in Florida and New Jersey, includes teaching Exceptional Stu...
3 Subjects: including vocabulary, reading, ESL/ESOL
Pompano Beach, FL
...My business career spanned 25 years at Verizon as a corporate trainer, Director of Operations, and Sales Executive all in New York City. I spent seven years as sales manager at a boutique life insurance and estate planning firm in New York and Florida. I have mentored students through my many years associated with Junior Achievement.
3 Subjects: including English, ESL/ESOL, tennis
Pompano Beach, FL
...I find it best to take students from the known to the unknown, using illustrations that are relevant to them so that they can better understand the concept. I am very aware that many children learn in different ways. Some kids are visual learners, while others are auditory learners.
8 Subjects: including vocabulary, reading, grammar, elementary (k-6th)
Pompano Beach, FL
...It is my goal to provide individualized instruction that meets students' needs by utilizing a variety of engaging tools, including the latest 21st century tools.I am a certified teacher with more than 8 years of experience teaching in an early childhood and elementary setting. I have completed t...
15 Subjects: including reading, vocabulary, elementary (k-6th), dyslexia
Pompano Beach, FL
...I performed an hour long vocal recital at Armstrong Atlantic University which was 30 minutes longer than my Education degree required. I am proficient in Kodaly technique of vocal training. I have taught Title 1 reading, Elementary for 5 years and Middle School Intensive reading for 5 years.
11 Subjects: including reading, ESL/ESOL, SAT reading, piano
Pompano Beach, FL


text:
The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Red Bull: Cliff Diving: La Rochelle
At the first leg of this year's tour 12 of the world's top athletes performed jaw-dropping leaps from St Nicolas Tower to a crowd of 50,000 fans. The event resulted in a victory for British diver Gary Hunt, who was awarded three tens for his stunning last dive and finished ahead of nine times world champion Orlando Duque. Gary broke records last year by performing the most difficult dive ever attempted, making history for this unique sport, and finished second to Orlando at the end of the series.
His victory at La Rochelle in Season II of this competition sets the standard for this year's series, and it's yet to be seen if Gary will take on the champion title from Orlando for the first time at the final in Hawaii on 12th September.


text:
CEDAR CITY, Utah (AP) Damon Heuir scored 28 points, Jackson Stevenett added 20 and Southern Utah scored 53 points after halftime Thursday night to rally past Sacramento State 79-67.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) Mikh McKinney scored 26 points and Sacramento State rallied in the second half for a 79-72 victory over Northern Colorado on Saturday night.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) Joe Eberhard scored 15 points, Mikh McKinney added 13 and Sacramento State came alive after halftime to beat North Dakota 67-58 on Thursday night.
OGDEN, Utah (AP) Scott Bamforth scored 18 points and Kyle Tresnak had 15, helping Weber State win its ninth straight game with a 65-56 victory over Sacramento State on Saturday night.
POCATELLO, Idaho (AP) Tomas Sanchez capped a career-high 22-point performance with a game-winning jumper with 4 seconds left, lifting Idaho State to a 60-59 victory over Sacramento State on Thurs


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Canadian Tire Store Operations
A selection of articles related to canadian tire store operations.
Original articles from our library related to the Canadian Tire Store Operations. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Canadian Tire Store Operations.
- OBE, Understandability & Memory Download Problems
- The mind boggles at the potential complexities of interdimensional subtle-body relationships and energetic conflicts created during OBE; most especially during wake-induced OBE. Consider the memory compatibility problems that could arise between different...
Astral Projection >> Out of Body Experiences
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 4
- THE TRANSFORMATION OF CATERPILLAR TO BUTTERFLY It is not difficult to see that the whole Agenda behind owning a bigger home, a newer car and more land is one of ego. This is an orientation toward the building of an empire of material wealth, in a vain...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
- Dynamics & Bioenergetics Of OBE Sex
- Once the exit out-of-body has been mastered and projectors begin tentatively exploring their new environment, another natural barrier will soon raise its ugly head. As projectors begin expanding their horizons they will soon begin encountering other...
Astral Projection >> Out of Body Experiences
- Building Shadows: A Witch
- A witch's Book of Shadows. That mysterious Grimoire that holds all the information a witch will ever need, a volume of all the spells ever written, the magic of the ages bound together with paper and ink…. Poppycock. It is not some ancient arcane book that...
Religions >> Paganism & Wicca
- A Couple Ghost Stories
- I don't know many Cambridge ghosts but perhaps readers might enlighten me as to how many we have in the area. As a matter of fact, the Cambridge Archives would be pleased to have a collection of stories for the files. If you care to write up a story related...
Ghosts >> Ghost Stories
- Everyday Water
- When you think of "Water" what comes to mind? A tranquil lake, gentle rain, or raging sea? Whether magical element or just a simple cup of tea, water can be a very special part of your life. Water Spirits Every body of water is an entity. Each lake,...
The Elements >> Water
Canadian Tire Store Operations is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Canadian Tire Store Operations books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Canadian Tire Corporation February 2011
- Glenn Butt – EVP, Customer Experience and Automotive.
- corp.canadiantire.ca
- 2007 CORPORATE AND SUPPLY - Canadian Tire Corporation
- corp.canadiantire.ca
- Canadian Tire
- for the optimisation of existing store operations as well as to provide input into the .. Canadian Tire stores in Ontario and then put together a.
- www.talbotconsultants.com
- TSYS_Canadian Tire Financial Services_CaseStudy_9_07.indd
- operations for Canadian Tire Financial Services, "Both CTFS and TSYS are than half of customers do business in its stores every month.
- www.tsys.com
- Industry Stewardship Plan for Canadian Tire's Fluorescent Lamp
- Apr 19, 2010 2.3 Program Scope, Objectives, Financing & Operations . ..
- www.rco.on.ca
Suggested News Resources
- National Post editorial board: In celebration of Joe Fletcher, Canadian soccer
- He also "has extensive knowledge of Canadian Tire Store operations." Joe also enjoys various sporting activities — "including volleyball, football and basketball," and, of course, soccer. Like most Canadians, Joe is not a flashy guy.
Suggested Web Resources
- Canadian Tire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en.wikipedia.org
- Glenn Butt - Canadian Tire Corporation
- Glenn Butt is Executive Vice President of Customer Experience and Automotive.
- corp.canadiantire.ca
- Canadian Tire Corporation February 2011
- Glenn Butt – EVP, Customer Experience and Automotive.
- corp.canadiantire.ca
- Canadian Tire rethinks strategy - Brief Article | DSN Retailing Today
- Already a singular retail operation, Canadian Tire is determined to keep its stores unique.
- findarticles.com
- Canadian Tire shuffles management - The Globe and Mail
- Sep 15, 2010 Customers head in and out of a Canadian Tire store location in for in-store customer experience and store operations at Canadian Tire.
- www.theglobeandmail.com
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Canadian Tire Store Operations Topics
Related searchesu3 developer resources
jack kemp football career
sol goddess the sol rune
mccarthyism background
functional programming history
tamagotchi yasashii tamagotchi
About - Contact - Advertising
© 2000 - 2015 Realmagick.com, All Rights Reserved.
© 2000 - 2015 Realmagick.com, All Rights Reserved.


text:
The ADAP Advocacy Association
mission is to promote and enhance the AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs)
and improve access to care for persons living with HIV/AIDS.
works with advocates, community, health care, government, patients,
pharmaceutical companies and other stakeholders to assure that access to
services recognize and afford persons living with HIV/AIDS to enjoy a healthy
is the only national grassroots organization focused exclusively on ADAPs
and ensuring that there are adequate resources nationwide to eliminate or
prevent waiting lists for services. Our purpose is to better engage people
living with HIV/AIDS by providing a platform whereby they can offer their
personal experiences, challenges, knowledge, insight and solutions to solving
this perpetual problem.
ADAP Advocacy Association Issues Call for Nominations for
its 2015 Annual ADAP Leadership Awards
Awards to recognize leaders who are working to improve access to care
and treatment
WASHINGTON, D.C. (March 5, 2015) - The ADAP Advocacy Association, also known
today opened nominations for its 2015 Annual ADAP Leadership Awards. The
awards recognize individual, community, government and corporate leaders
who are working to improve access to care and treatment under the AIDS Drug
Assistance Programs.
to submit nomination.
An "Oscar" Moment for Ryan White Parts C & D
By: Candace Y. A. Montague, Freelance Health Writer
Patricia Arquette had a carpe diem moment at the Oscars recently where she
used her moment on stage to draw attention to an issue she cares very deeply
about: equal pay for women. Was it the best place to make bold statements
about fair pay? Maybe so, maybe not. But the bottom line is she took hold
of that time when she had the attention of a large audience and shined some
light on a pressing issue that affects women.
March is National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness month and this is our
time to shine some light on an issue that will affect women and families
living with HIV. The potential merging of Ryan White Parts C and D.
CLICK HERE to read more.
ADAPs with Waiting Lists
(35 individuals in 1 state(s) on the ADAP Waiting List
as of July 28, 2014)
Source: The ADAP Watch, National Alliance of State
& Territorial AIDS Directors (NASTAD).
to the ADAP Watch
by @adapadvocacy
Home · Join
List-Serve · About ADAPs · About Us · Blog · Events · Publications
Media Clips · Press Room · Support · Privacy · Contact
© ADAP Advocacy Association (aaa+) - All Rights Reserved
Website by:


text:
The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe, 1940-1945Hardback
List price $36.00
You save $9.18 25% off
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 2 business days
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: VIKING
- Format: Hardback | 562 pages
- Dimensions: 155mm x 231mm x 56mm | 839g
- Publication date: 20 February 2014
- Illustrations note: black & white illustrations, black & white tables, maps, black & white plates
- Sales rank: 231,773
Product description
The ultimate history of the Allied bombing campaigns in World War II Technology shapes the nature of all wars, and the Second World War hinged on a most unpredictable weapon: the bomb. Day and night, Britain and the United States unleashed massive fleets of bombers to kill and terrorize occupied Europe, destroying its cities. The grisly consequences call into question how "moral" a war the Allies fought. "The Bombers and the Bombed "radically overhauls our understanding of World War II. It pairs the story of the civilian front line in the Allied air war alongside the political context that shaped their strategic bombing campaigns, examining the responses to bombing and being bombed with renewed clarity. The first book to examine seriously not only the well-known attacks on Dresden and Hamburg but also the significance of the firebombing on other fronts, including Italy, where the crisis was far more severe than anything experienced in Germany, this is Richard Overy's finest work yet. It is a rich reminder of the terrible military, technological, and ethical issues that relentlessly drove all the war's participants into an abyss.
Add item to wishlist
Other people who viewed this bought:
Churchill and His Airmen
Red Air
USD$32.87 - Save $1.36 (3%) - RRP $34.23
European Air Power
USD$27.51 - Save $6.78 19% off - RRP $34.29
Fire on Water
USD$26.31 - Save $21.96 45% off - RRP $48.27
Winged Victory
USD$11.68 - Save $3.90 25% off - RRP $15.58
USD$10.79 - Save $4.21 28% off - RRP $15.00
Other books in this category
The Complete Maus
USD$20.93 - Save $5.57 21% off - RRP $26.50
USD$11.34 - Save $2.68 19% off - RRP $14.02
The Long Walk
USD$8.98 - Save $3.48 27% off - RRP $12.46
If This is a Man/The Truce
USD$11.21 - Save $4.37 28% off - RRP $15.58
The Man Who Broke into Auschwitz
USD$10.62 - Save $4.96 31% off - RRP $15.58
Operation Mincemeat
USD$10.12 - Save $2.34 18% off - RRP $12.46
Author information
Richard Overy is a professor of history at the University of Exeter. A leading expert in World War II history, he has written more than twenty books, including "Why the Allies Won," and "The Twilight Years."
Review quote
"What has long been needed is a sober, dispassionate, fully-sourced exploration of what the bombing campaign comprised, how it developed in the course of a long conflict and what it achieved. Richard Overy, a professor of history at Exeter University in Britain, has writen preceisely such a book, a detailed, meticulous analysis that is all the more powerful for eschewing the hysteria that has long colored this subject for too long." --Ben Macintyre, "New York Times Sunday Book Review" "There will be debate over the bombing campaign in Europe for years to come.... In the future, though, that debate will have to take into account the facts and the arguments marshaled by Overy in 'The Bombers and the Bombed, ' which immediately becomes an essential part of the literature of World War II. The conclusions it reaches about 'strategic bombing' will have to be reckoned with by any nation that takes it upon itself to bomb another into submission, if not oblivion, and anyone who takes those conclusions seriously will be hard-pressed to argue the efficacy of that strategy." --Jonathan Yardley, "Washington Post" "For anyone interested in the politics of the Allied air war, this is an indispensable and eye-opening book." --Adam Tooze, "Wall Street Journal" "Overy delivers an insightful analysis of how all nations reversed their abhorrence of killing civilians when it became unavoidable. Overy provides an eye-opening and often distressing account... For a far more expansive view that includes those on the receiving end [of the bombing], Overy is the choice." --"Kirkus" "Superb... Overy has presented a very strong case in support of his view." --"Booklist" "First comprehensive analysis of the Allied strategic bombing offensive in Europe." --"Publishers Weekly" "What distinguishes Mr Overy's account of the bombing war from lesser efforts is the wealth of narrative detail and analytical rigour that he brings to bear." --"Economist""Excellent.... Overy is never less than an erudite and clear-eyed guide whose research is impeccable and whose conclusions appear sensible and convincing even when they run against the established trends." --"Financial Times"


text:
|ESPN.com: Dallas Stars
|[Print without images]
To us, this is where nostalgia runs smack dab into reality.
Modano missed 23 games to injury last season while scoring 14 times from a mostly third-line position on the Dallas Stars. He averaged 14:18 a night in ice time and scored just three times on the power play. Modano scored just 15 times in 2008-09 and has posted only 12 power-play goals over the past three seasons.
We're not sure exactly how he fits into the Wings' plans to rebound from a trying, injury-plagued 2009-10 campaign that saw them fall in the second round to San Jose.
It's not an issue of whether Modano has the will to lace 'em up in September or October; but what is his will to play out an entire season? That seemed to be an issue in Dallas the past couple of seasons and explains in part why the Stars made the choice to walk away from a player who has been the face of the franchise for two decades.
If we were Wings GM Ken Holland, we'd take a run at Bill Guerin or Paul Kariya to add veteran scoring punch and give one of their young prospects a shot at centering the third line. Less nostalgic, perhaps, but in the long run, we're guessing it would be a more productive move with less potential for dressing-room headaches.
The team said Friday that Salo was hurt "while training." But a report in his native Finland says the 35-year-old was hurt while playing floor hockey and will be out at least three months.
The team issued a terse statement Friday, saying, "There will be no further comment from the club or Salo at this time."
The Allen Americans will open the 2010-11 Central Hockey League regular season at the Allen Event Center hosting their Metroplex rival, the Texas Brahmas, Oct. 15 and 16.
The Americans are scheduled to play 66 games, two more than last year, with 33 games at home and 33 on the road. The home schedule features 28 weekend games (11 Friday, 12 Saturday and five Sunday). All weekday games with the exception of Jan. 17 begin at 7:30 p.m., while Saturday and Sunday contests start at 7:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m., respectively. The club anticipates a preseason game Saturday, Oct. 9, at the AEC. As of now, the opponent is TBD.


text:
AppLinks 4.0 Documentation
Other AppLinks doc versions
Downloads (PDF, HTML & XML formats)
Oops, this page should redirect to: Application Links User Guide.
Log a request with our support team.
Raise an issue for our developers.
See answers from the community.
Tweet, blog and update our documentation.
Except where otherwise noted, content in this space is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia License.


text:
Nice to meet you on Audiko.net! It's easy to download a free Acceptance ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Fix your favorite tune from your favorite song - Permanent, Over You, Different, or any other track. Then download the prepared Acceptance ringtones to your mobile, and enjoy Emo music by Acceptance every time your phone rings. If you enjoy Emo or maybe christian and Pop Punk music, then you will probably like Sherwood, Anberlin, or Cartel as well. For all who want a free Acceptance ringtone, we also recommend listening to Christian Rock, Alternative, and Alternative Rock. You may obtain your tone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, compatible with both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Acceptance ringtones download option.
Download Acceptance Ringtones
Top free ringtones
|Take Cover
|In Too Far
|Ad Astra Per Aspera
|This Conversation Is Over
|So Contagious
|Over You
|in the cold
26 Apr 2005
20 May 2003
Similar Artists
Top artists
Top ringtones
- omi - Cheerleader
- Meek Mill - All Eyes On You (feat. Chris Brown & Nicki Minaj)
- Rachel Platten - Fight Song
- Trey Songz - Slow Motion
- Rihanna - Bitch Better Have My Money
- Future - Trap Niggas
- Taylor Swift - Bad Blood (feat. Kendrick Lamar)
- Tink - Treat Me Like Somebody
- Tink - Million
- Mary Mary - In The Morning


text:
How safe is that fitness tracker you are using?
You are not going to believe thisJuly 1, 2015 9:22
Register for our free newsletter
Saudi's Mobily to reissue 2014, Q1 2015 results after regulator probe
Dubai Holding appoints new managing director, CEO
HSBC Bank Oman agrees to sell Pakistan business to Meezan Bank
European tour operators evacuate thousands from Tunisia after attack
French group to invest at least $150 mln in Saudi's Kingdom Holding
Gold ticks up from 2-week low as market eyes Greece
Car bomb aimed at UAE officials kills three Somali soldiers in Mogadishu
Abu Dhabi's Etisalat jumps 13.8 pct on looser ownership curbs
RSE, Qatar teaming up to buy stake in Formula One
Qatar building boom proves a challenge for foreign construction firms
Expensive, fine jewelry for kids? Where do you draw the line?
November 24, 2008 3:16 by kippreport
Kipp just received a press release from Damas: the jewelry company is launching its new kid's line called Fulla (yes, like Fulla the 'Arab' doll dressed in long underwear). We've cut and paste a section of the press release below. Kipp's responses are in italics:
Fulla jewels are made of 18kt yellow gold with diamonds and attractive enamel colors to enhance the beauty of the wearer (Bear in mind that the Fulla line is for young girls. As in teenagers and adolescents. Since when did a 14-year-old need gold and diamonds to enhance her beauty?) These highly stylized assortments of incredibly beautiful, fine jewelry (fine jewelry? For a kid? Come on!) are available as a three-piece set (pendant chain, earrings and ring), brooches and bracelets. Initially more than 25 designs are being introduced in Dubai which definitely will be on the must-have list of all those parents who have profound love for their little girls (what about parents who don't have the money to spend thousands on their kids' jewelry collection? Or parents who think it's insane to shower kids with things they can't appreciate at that age? Oh wait, that's right, they don't have "profound love" for their children. Excuse us. Go on). The passion and careful attention that have gone into this new line are evident in the choice of materials, the well-thought out but simple design and the superb craftsmanship.
We've got to draw the line somewhere.
Alright, we've drawn the line: the only jewelry our kids will be wearing is the plastic rings they get in cereal boxes. And that's final.
Qatar pulls investors
November 24 2008
UAE plans to bail out lenders and cut federal spending
November 25 2008


text:
Tel: (803)327-8000
5,030 students
Public institution
Public institution
York Technical College, a member of the South Carolina Technical and Comprehensive Education System, is a public, two-year, associate degree-granting institution. York Technical College seeks to contribute to the economic growth and development of York, Lancaster, and Chester counties and of the State. Through excellence in teaching and partnerships, the College responds to the technical and public service needs of the community. The College has an open admissions policy for qualified students and annually enrolls 5,500 to 6,000 credit students. York Technical College provides opportunities for individuals with diverse backgrounds and ability levels to acquire or upgrade the knowledge and skills necessary in engineering technology, industrial technology, information technology, business, health, or public service employment or for transfer to senior colleges and universities. In addition to teaching technical skills, the College seeks to provide graduates competency in written and oral communication, computer skills, mathematics, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills.
School Highlights:
York Technical College serves 5,030 students (49% of students are full-time).
The college's student:teacher ratio of 26:1 is higher than the community college average of 22:1.
Minority enrollment is 42% of the student body (majority Black), which is more than the state average of 36%.
School Overview
The teacher population of 191 teachers has declined by 19% over five years.
|York Technical College
|Community College Avg.
|Carnegie Classification
|Associate of Arts Colleges
|Associate of Arts Colleges
|Institution Level
|At least 2 but less than 4 years
|At least 2 but less than 4 years
|Institution Control
|Public institution
|Total Faculty
|191 staff
|59 staff
|Total Enrollment
5,030 students
|1,282 students
|Student : Teacher Ratio
|# Full-Time Students
2,478 students
|810 students
|# Part-Time Students
|2,552 students
|1,017 students
|% American Indian/Alaskan
|% Asian
|% Hispanic
|% Black
|% White
|% Two or more races
|% Unknown races
|Diversity ScoreThe chance that two students selected at random would be members of a different ethnic group. Scored from 0 to 1, a diversity score closer to 1 indicates a more diverse student body.
|In-State Tuition Fees
|Out-State Tuition Fees
|% Students Receiving Some Financial Aid
School Notes:
York Technical College opened in 1964 as a Technical Education Center and began with 60 students enrolled in seven programs all housed in one building. The College has grown in the past four decades from the initial enrollment to over 4,000 credit students in more than 70 credit programs. The College campus has also grown from one building to 14. In 1974, York County Technical Education Center became York Technical College. In addition to offering academic programs, the College provides continuing education for approximately 7,000 area residents and more than 250 businesses. This translates to about 325,000 contact hours of continuing education. The College offers Associate degrees in university transfer, technical, occupational and vocational. Diplomas and certificates in vocational, technical and occupational field. The college also offers Developmental and remedial education and Custom-designed continuing education for business and industry. The college offers programs in Business, Computer, Arts and Sciences, Health and Human Services and Industrial and Engineering Technologies. York Technical College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Associate Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates.
Nearby Schools:
- College Location Mi. Students
Rock Hill Clinton College
1029 Crawford Rd
Rock Hill, SC 29730
(803)327-7402 3 Mi | 185 students
Charlotte The Art Institute of Charlotte
Three Lakepointe Plaze 2110 Water Ridge Parkway
Charlotte, NC 28217
(704)357-8020 17.5 Mi | 1333 students
Charlotte ITT Technical Institute-Charlotte South
4135 Southstream Blvd. Suite 200
Charlotte, NC 28217
(704)423-3100 17.6 Mi | 408 students
Lancaster University of South Carolina-Lancaster
476 Hubbard Drive
Lancaster, SC 29720
(803)313-7000 18.1 Mi | 1810 students
Charlotte Carolinas College of Health Sciences
1200 Blythe Blvd
Charlotte, NC 28203
(704)355-5043 20.4 Mi | 454 students
Recent Articles
Updated June 19, 2015
Community colleges have responded to the needs of working adults with online options.
Leading the country in slashing public education spending, Arizona voted to defund higher education, including Pima and Maricopa Community College Districts, leaving many Arizona college students wondering what this new state legislation means for the future of their education.
Not all community college students spend their winter and summer break on vacation. Some utilize that time to take a few extra classes and earn credits that can help them graduate early. Other students test out of courses and receive credit for work experiences in order to get ahead. In this article, learn about the various methods you can use to pursue extra college credits.
More ArticlesChoosing a School, College Policies, Career Training, Courses in College, Community College News


text:
Don't Miss
- Video: Anna Kendreck Calls The Royal Baby a "Sack of Potatoes"
- Video: Zooey Deschanel Reveals What She Dislikes Most About Pregnancy
- Video: Kerry Washington Says Daughter Isabelle Is In Hiding
- Video: Kylie Jenner Is So Over Homeschooling! Becomes a High School Dropout
- Video: Angelina Jolie And Brad Pitt's First Wedding Photos Revealed
- Video: Newlyweds Jolie And Pitt Nervous To Share The Screen
- Video: JLo's Strange Custody Demand for Marc Anthony
- Video: Selena Gomez Shares Sweet Photo Of Her Little Sister Gracie
- Video: Kate Middleton and Prince George's Vacation Gets Off to a Rocky Start
- Video: The Creepy Baby Doll That Didn't Make It Into Twilight
Naya Rivera's "Serious" Bump: Nude Or a Bikini Shot?
Naya Rivera is far enough along in her first pregnancy that her bump is "serious!" Posting...
Evangeline Lilly Uses Her Bump to Share Her Pregnancy News
Evangeline Lilly is on her way to welcoming a second child! Letting her baby bump break...
There's a Story Behind Ashlee Simpson's Baby Name Pick
Ashlee Simpson and Evan Ross have a baby name all picked out for their first child...
More Expecting News
Bristol Palin Makes It Clear Her Pregnancy Was Planned
Bristol Palin has taken to her blog to discuss her 2015 pregnancy once again,...
- Posted June 29, 2015
Bristol Palin's Trying to Keep Her Chin Up About Pregnancy Two
Bristol Palin is once again on her way to welcoming a child on her...
- Posted June 26, 2015
Did Kim Kardashian Have IVF and Only Use Male Embryos?
Did Kim Kardashian end up pregnant with a boy by chance, or was it...
- Posted June 24, 2015
Jaime King continues to show the world she loves her pregnant body! Posting the...
- Posted June 23, 2015


text:
Get up to speed with Apple's Photos software for OS X Yosemite. Learn to convert Aperture and iPhoto libraries and use all of the Photos editing and sharing features.
Learn how to manage, enhance, and share your photos with iPhoto.
Photographer Derrick Story shows how to back up and store your mobile photos and videos easily and automatically.
Explore the basics of Flickr, from posting, organizing, and editing photos to participating in the Flickr community.
Learn how to combine the simplicity of iPhoto with the power of Aperture and get the best of both worlds.
Covers the entire photographic workflow in Aperture, from import to enhancement to output, plus special 3.3 features like Retina display support and iPhoto integration.
"I'm completely blown away by the quality and quantity of training you offer. I feel like Neo in The Matrix when they would insert a training program and within a few minutes he could say, "I know jiujitsu!"" —Zolla M.
more from our members »


text:
— Posted by Andy on August 29, 2013
We're halfway through our list of 100 ways to get ready for the upcoming season (less than 90 days away now). Now that you've tackled the first 50, here's Volume 3: items 51-75. Stay tuned next week for the final installment.
51. Get that facial hair straight.
52. Put on the snow tires.
53.Find a run you've never done before.
54. Master Ski Cat's sweet moves
55. Learn how to turn your sticks into a comfy lounge chair.
56. Sharpen the edges.
57. Just, no.
59. Find a riding buddy.
60. Get in the habit of checking for loose articles.
61. Tune up the ride.
62. Hit the treadmill - but don't *hit* the treadmill.
63. Get your board churched up.
64. You might have to put your back into it.
65. Practice your "I'm livin' so large" face.
66. Find a GoPro mount other than your head.
67. And always remember to smile.
68. Get your powder flu cough down.
69. Do NOT bring rocket skis. We won't let you on the mountain with those.
70. Find a ski swap!
71. Take up a new winter activity.
72. Do your goggles fit?
73. Remember, no friends on a powder day.
74. Accept no restrictions.
75. Be the ostrich.
Official news and announcements from Park City Mountain Resort.
Samantha is new to Utah, joining the Park City Mountain Resort team in 2011 as the Marketing Coordinator.
When he's not up on the mountain checking on the cams, Eric is managing the interactive marketing for Park City Mountain Resort.
Dave has worked in the ski and snowboard industry since 2000 and joined the PCMR team in the spring of 2014.
Park City Mountain Resort
1345 Lowell Ave
PO Box 39
Park City, UT 84060
(435) 649–8111
© Park City Mountain Resort
Get snow reports, I Ride Park City updates and more by signing up for our newsletters.Sign Up
In Partnership With


text:
Lapid: Government betrayed Soviet Union immigrants and Jewry through repeal of conversion reforms
Netanyahu to Greek FM: Your visit during crisis, shows will to strengthen Israel ties
Lapid: Netanyahu should quit if bad Iran nuclear deal signed
Analysis: Religious choice at threat as haredi parties reassert control over Jewish life
SHOW REVIEW: Cirque Du Soleil– Quidam: Menora Mivtachim Arena, Tel Aviv, July 2
Enter Bardo Pond's musical time machine
Beit She'arim tombs in Western Galilee named to UNESCO World Heritage List
Timber Timbre ready to carve a niche for themselves in TA
2015/16 soccer season to begin with fireworks
Erlich aiming to continue surprise run at Wimbledon
Macabbi TA, Jerusalem rivalry continues to heat up off the court
Beitar opens continental campaign with goalless deadlock
Progress in finding solutions for improved quality of life for Bedouin Communities
School teachers working in Israeli schools supported ISIS, Shin Bet says
Al-Quds Brigade builds watch tower directly across IDF structure on Gaza border
Haredim arrested for throwing rocks at Arab vehicles near Damascus Gate
Second arson in 2 days shuts down Jerusalem train station
WATCH: Flotilla activists release footage of IDF intercepting 'Marianne'
Mazel tov: Kabbalists Kutcher and Kunis tie the knot
Philadelphia museum celebrates Jewish role in promoting gay rights
Hoenlein: France is reconsidering Security Council resolution
Tzohar opens center for verification of Jewish identity in eastern Ukraine
Costa Rica becomes 33rd country to launch pro-Israel caucus
Iranian official: US will remain our enemy despite emerging nuclear deal
After attack on ISIS, Iraqi jet mistakenly drops bomb on Baghdad, killing 5
Iran's Zarif says differences remain in nuclear talks with major powers
Analysis: Egypt, Hamas, ISIS and Israel after the latest rocket attack
Report: Jordan arrests Iranian backed terrorist who was planning attack
Professionals and volunteers available to counsel youth at popular entertainment spots
Barkat: Appoint permanent Hadassah Medical Organization director general to prevent collapse
Rate of women academics at universities and colleges still lags way behind US and EU
Health Scan
Delek, Noble executives: We commit to developing Leviathan
Members of the public can submit reactions to gas outline until July 21
Energy Minister Steinitz announces terms of gas compromise deal
TAU collaborates with IATA on aviation technology and security
Google's Waze to start carpooling pilot program in Israel
Israel's Elbit Systems wins $150 mln Benelux contract
Apps for finding jobs are among Microsoft Venture's latest start-up
Did disillusionment with Sunnis lead to Persian ascendancy at US State Department?
Right from wrong: Deadlines, red lines
A bird in the hand: Securing an acceptable Iran deal in the long run
Letters to the Editor: Religion in Politics
Think about it: On natural gas and democracy
Nuclear Timeline
Taking on BDS
Boycott takes center stage
Preempting 'Goldstone II'
Israel, doctor's orders
A historian, writing in first person
A lover of life
Muslim and Jewish Jerusalemites break bread together
Cochavit Netzach Dolev takes a stand
Food for thought
Taking back control for the good of our kids
This week in Jerusalem
Art is for everyone, everywhere
Speechless theater
Extreme family fun
Opening the women's wrestling floodgates
Distancing Israeli Arab moderates instead of drawing them closer
This Islamic State madness has gone on long enough
An obsession with Israel that even trumps national self-interest
Israel-Palestine: French recipe lacks ingredients
אֲנָשִים טוֹבִים
עֵמֶק הַצְבָאִים
שֶקֶט אֲמִיתִי
חִיבּוּק שֶל אַהֲבָה
The path to aliya- Indian style
The journey of Ukraine's embattled Jews to Israel
A historic win, but no slam dunk
Roads to hell
Our island
Israel stands in the way and is an obstacle to full Muslim domination of the Middle East
Pope Francis to leave for South America in 'homecoming' trip
Episcopal Church overwhelmingly rebuffs divestment resolution
Will pope chew coca leaves in Bolivia?
Three US churches consider BDS measures against Israel in upcoming vote
NGO seeks to seize N. Korean ship to pay off $330 m. US judgment for killing of priest
Green Leadership Classroom Inaugurated at Dimona School
Eitan Levav Scenic Lookout Inaugurated in Adamit Park
Cherries in the Negev: If You Will it, It is No Dream
Healing Garden Dedicated at the Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital in Tel Aviv
Italy's National Day at EXPO 2015
The Ambassadors' Club of Israel Tours the Galilee with KKL-JNF
The International Solidarity Mission Says Goodbye in Jerusalem
Chinese Ambassador Visits the Israel-China Friendship Fores
New Bio-filters Purify Surface Runoff Water for Reuse
Future Tour Guides Discover the Negev with KKL-JNF
The Shamir Drilling Project
Graduation Ceremony for Rosh HaAyin's Volunteer Firefighters
$100 Million JNF Boruchin Israel Education Advocacy Center Opens
JNF Canada Pays Tribute to the Honourable John Baird
From Sunny Israel to Cold Canada
Walking for Water with KKL France in the Mountains of Eilat
The Negev Conference on Agricultural Research and Development
Arava Open Day: Food Security for Israel and the Entire World
Living Green in Israel: the Contest and the Winners
Addressing Climate Change Conference
An Olah Reports From Nepal
How One Oleh is Helping to Transform the Way People Drink Water
From Think Tank to Environmental Consultant
Award Winning Designer Launches Career as Wedding Dressmaker
How Natalie Edwards Built a Successful Career in Israel's Startup Industry
5 Tips to Land a Job in Israel
Starting Your Own Business in Israel: Real Life Examples
5 Strategies for Finding Your Professional Place in Israel
36 Hours in Southern Israel
Food Shopping In Israel
How Women Can Have it All in Israel
The Eisenberg's Long Journey Home
Why Retirees are Thriving in Israel
Thanks to Aliyah video
6 Frequently Asked Questions about Israeli Healthcare
Starting Over in Israel
Sam Eisenberg: From Nativ to Aliyah
WATCH: Why Olim #LiveLoveIsrael
5 Ways that Olim Kick Back
VIDEO: Are you ready for the South?
Make yourself at home… in Israel
NBN Announces Bonei Zion Prize Recipients for 2015
NefeshB'Nefesh Provides Services to Bnot Sherut
How Doctors Are Impacting Israel's South
07.06.2015 | 19 Tammuz, 5775
Palestinians throw Molotov cocktail at IDF checkpoint in Hebron
Islamic Jihad official: There will be a cease-fire, even without an agreement
Ya'alon: Israel working to retrieve dead body of soldier held by Hamas
Battalion commander tells 'Post' how reservists uncovered tunnels under fire
Hamas West Bank head arrested, indicted for planning wave of terror attacks
Soldiers given religious motivational speeches during Operation Protective Edge
Report: Intelligence between US, Israel strong despite political tensions
Spain embargoes arms sales to Israel
By April, IDF knew Hamas was preparing for 'summer war'
IAI refutes claim that Iron Dome makers were hacked
Israel to intensify cyber security as end of Ramadan approaches
Iron Dome system intercepts rocket over Eilat
02/11/2014 08:17
A Palestinian man removes shattered glass from a window of a building after witnesses said it was hit in an Israeli air strike at Nusseirat in the centre of the Gaza Strip.
(photo credit:REUTERS)
Following Palestinian rocket attacks on southern Israel, the Israel Air Force launched air strikes on two targets in Gaza overnight Tuesday.The IDF said an underground rocket launcher in central Gaza, and a second terrorism target in the north of the Strip were hit in the air strikes, adding that both targets were accurately struck before fighter jets returned to base safely."The attack occurred after repeated projectile attacks, which Hamas did not stop in recent days," the IDF Spokesman added.A Palestinian rocket fired from Gaza exploded in open territory in the Hof Ashkelon region on Monday night.The rocket triggered an air raid siren, but failed to cause injuries or damages.On Sunday, The Israel Air Force and the Israel Security Agency (Shin Bet) launched a targeted strike on a Palestinian terrorist who has been behind a spate of rocket and border attacks on Israel on Sunday, critically injuring the man as he rode on a motorbike.Abdallah Kharti, a member of the Popular Resistance Committees, and who is affiliated with a global jihadi network, took an active role in the planning and execution of rocket attacks, including ones that have targeted Eilat, according to security forces.In recent days, Palestinian terrorists targeted southern Israeli rural districts with rockets.
Your comment must be approved by a moderator before being published on JPost.com.
Disqus users can post comments automatically.
Comments must adhere to our Talkback policy. If you believe that a comment has breached the Talkback policy, please press the flag icon to bring it to the attention of our moderation team.
Sign up for our newsletter
Please insert a valid email address
By signing up to The Jpost mailing list, I hereby


text:
Fire kills businessman in Noakhali
A businessman is burnt alive as a fire broke out at a shop in Companiganj upazila in Noakhali.
'Shibir man' dies in clash with Noakhali cops
Alleged activist of Islami Chhatra Shibir dies and one other shot during clash with police in Noakhali Sadar upazila.
15 police officers transferred
The government transferred 15 police officers to different positions in the latest reshuffle.
Gandhian from Bangladesh gets peace prize
In 1946-47, Mahatma Gandhi spent more than three months in Noakhali, now part of Bangladesh, dousing the flames of communal violence that had engulfed the district
Noakhali AC land office torched
Miscreants torch the office of assistant commissioner (AC-Land) in Noakhali town by hurling two petrol bombs
Trucker burnt in Noakhali arson attack
A truck driver suffers burn injuries and his wheat-laden truck is gutted in an arson attack in Noakhali this evening.


text:
M·A·C Mineralize Skinfinish
We're sorry, this item has sold out. However, we have found some other items you may like. You can find those listed at right.
A luxurious velvet-soft powder with high-frost metallic finish. Smoothes on: adds buffed-up highlights to cheeks, or an overall ultra-deluxe polish to the face.
- Imported
Shipping & Returns
Shipping your purchase is easy on belk.com. Depending on the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days. Shipping Information
Returns are easy on belk.com. Easy returns
This item is also part of the collection:
M·A·C Tropical Taboo Face MAC Mineralize
M·A·C Tropical Taboo Face MAC Mineralize
More from: M·A·C


text:
Fridge: Taxi
- Fridge Logic: In Jim's first appearance, he struggles to remember his last name when filling out a form. He's asked: "What was your father's name?" To which he replies: "Ignatowski." However, Jim's family makes an appearance in a much later episode and his father's last name is Caldwell, and that Jim changed his name to Ignatowski because he thought it was "Starchild" spelled backward.
- The obvious explanation: Jim's brain-circuitry is so fried, he could have said anything.


text:
An Economic History of Portland Neighborhoods
Faculty members: Dr. Luke Goble & Jenna Thompson
Linked Courses:
Fall—EN 95-LC1, College Composition
Spring—EN 101-LC1
How can we work to create neighborhoods that are diverse, affordable, and sustainable in the long-term? How do neighborhoods affect Portlanders?
In this First-Year Learning Community, students will…
- Recognize what you have to offer through your own experiences
- Spend time walking through and observing several neighborhoods of Portland to learn about what makes them "work" as well as what makes them pleasurable or difficult to live in
- Learn about justice and equality issues related to neighborhoods and think about how to address them
- Ask questions about the justice or injustice of structures, like housing and the distribution of connected resources
- Learn to think critically about where will you choose to live in the future and why. What are the implications of that choice on the community of others around you?
Peer Mentors
"I am looking forward to being a peer mentor because the FYLCs are great program that has helped me to find acceptance belonging and support here at Warner Pacific. I hope to create an environment just like that for our new students."—Bailey
"I am excited to be a peer mentor because I am looking forward to helping the incoming students"—Jerry


text:
Sr. Louise Zdunich
To what sect or group did Jesus belong? Was he a Pharisee or a Sadducee or what?
Read the rest of entry »
Our baby was born during Advent. When we asked to have her baptized shortly after, we were told that we couldn't. When we asked why not, we were told it was because the rule is that no Baptisms are allowed during Lent or Advent. However, we were not given a reason. Can you explain why no Baptisms are allowed during these specific periods?
Why are the psalms important for Christians?
I was surprised recently to read a brief article that indicated we celebrate the wrong place for Jesus' birth as we read it in the Gospels with angels announcing his birth to the shepherds.
A Catholic friend of mine recently asked me why a priest at his parish would announce a message such as the following: "Today's Mass is being offered for the intention of Mrs. So-and-So, as requested by her family." My friend was perplexed because a Sunday Mass is a collective liturgical worship by and for everyone attending. It should not be celebrated just for the intention of a particular person. Isn't the Mass a memorial of the death of Christ that brings grace to all, in fact to the whole world?
Why are the Beatitudes presented so differently in Matthew and Luke? It seems to me that they should be the same. Who is right?
I am puzzled by your column on the Old Testament (WCR, Sept. 22). It is unfair and inappropriate to quote only positive statements and to say the whole document is sacred or the emphasis is on God's glory. No doubt that is present but your explanation is not complete and "spins" the truth of the Old Testament. There is the traditional teaching of the Church on homosexuality. Church leaders never comment on the idea of a father offering his daughters for whatever the townspeople want to do with them. What an atrocity! Further in the passage, the two daughters conspire to have sex with their father. You offer not a word about this disgusting plan, carried out. If the story requires that the reader tune out the immorality of how this parent respects his offspring, then the story is worthless. To focus on one shallow aspect of this story is anti-intellectual.
My family and I went to listen to the McDade family playing Celtic music. I understand there is a Celtic spirituality, as well. What is Celtic spirituality, and does it conflict with the teaching of the Catholic Church?
I know we Catholics use the Old Testament in many ways, including as Mass readings, but how do Christians interpret the Old Testament? Is it used mainly as it relates to the New Testament and Christianity?
"Keep in touch" are words we often hear friends say to one another. Don't we need to keep in touch with God? Wouldn't it be good to recover some of our old devotions which enabled us to be aware of God in our busy lives?