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Partner: UNT Libraries
Decade: 2000-2009
Degree Discipline: Curriculum and Instruction
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
Intentions and Implementation of the Professional Development and Appraisal System in Texas
Date: December 2000
Creator: Davis-Frost, Diane
Description: The purpose of this study was to describe the intentions of the designers of the Professional Development and Appraisal System (PDAS) in Texas and the perceptions of teachers regarding its implementation. Information for the study was gathered in two phases using two methodologies. The first was a semi-structured interview with four expert informants instrumental in the design and implementation of the PDAS at the state level. The second component of the study was conducted with teachers using a 37-item Likert survey. The population for this phase of the study was 150 elementary and 150 secondary teachers chosen randomly from three school districts in North Central Texas. The districts were selected to represent a variety of sizes in regard to student population and represent diverse student population characteristics and socioeconomic levels. Data from the semi-structured interviews and the returned surveys were analyzed to determine the designers' intentions and areas of emphasis and to describe the alignment the teachers' perceptions and the designers' intentions. Quantitative data gathered from the surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as a correlation and function analysis and analysis based on a Cronbach alpha coefficient. The analysis of data revealed the following: 1. Teachers perceived that ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Educators' technology level of use and methods for learning technology integrations.
Date: August 2003
Creator: Griffin, Darlene Ann
Description: The purpose of this study was to describe technology learning methods that teachers attend and perceive as effective. The goal was to provide district personnel data that may be utilized when planning for more effective technology staff development. This study examined (1) the methods of learning instructional technology that are being utilized by teachers and administrators and (2) why these methods are being utilized in two Texas school districts. Data was collected from educators via an online survey consisting of demographics, technology training methods, level of technology use (CBAM 1 item), stages of adoption and technology level of use (LoTi, 50-item). Educators with different technology levels of use (high, low) differed on their perceptions and utilization of technology training methods. Specifically, educators with different technology levels of use differed in their perceptions of independent online help, and learning through trial and error technology training methods. Results from the study showed that educators tended to use the technology training method that they perceived as most effective. Educators tended to utilize learning by trial and error, peer support, and technology personnel support the most frequently for learning technology integration Educators' in the study had varying technology levels of use based on their ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The effect of trade books on the environmental literacy of 11th and 12th graders in aquatic science.
Date: August 2003
Creator: Lewis, Ann S.
Description: The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental literacy of 11th and 12th graders who participated in an eighteen-week environmental education program using trade books versus 11th- and 12th-graders who participated in an eighteen-week, traditional environmental education program without the use of trade books. This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental research technique. Four high school aquatic science classes at two suburban high schools were used in the research. One teacher at each high school taught one control class and one experimental class of aquatic science. In the experimental classes, four trade books were read to the classes during the eighteen-week semester. These four books were selected by the participating teachers before the semester began. The books used were A Home by the Sea, Sea Otter Rescue, There's a Hair in My Dirt, and The Missing Gator of Gumbo Limbo. The instrument used to measure environmental literacy was the Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale. This test was given at the beginning of the semester and at the end of the semester. The scores at the end of the semester were analyzed by 2 X 2 mixed model ANOVA with the teacher as the random effect and the ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of Technology Integration Techniques in Elementary Mathematics Methods Courses on Elementary Preservice Teachers' Computer Self-Efficacy, Software Integration Confidence, and Lesson Planning
Date: August 2003
Creator: Maninger, Robert M.
Description: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of computer technology integration techniques on preservice teachers' feelings of computer self-efficacy and feelings of confidence in software integration. It was also the purpose of this study to interpret these preservice teachers' confidence in using computer technology integration techniques in their own planning and instruction during student teaching. The participants in this study were from two intact, non-randomly-formed classrooms. They were 27 preservice teachers enrolled in the College of Education at a university in north central Texas in two sections of a course entitled EDEE 4350, Mathematics in the Elementary School. This study was quasi-experimental, with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The independent variable was the type of instruction experienced in an elementary mathematics methods course: novel instruction with specialized computer technology integration techniques versus traditional instruction with no specialized technology integration techniques. The dependant variables were measured using the following instruments: the Demographic Data and Previous Context Use of the Computer Survey which described participants' demographics and their previous usage of the computer; the Self-Efficacy With Computer Technologies Scale; the Preservice Teacher Software Integration Confidence Scale; and the Lesson Plan Infusion/Integration Scale. The results of the data analysis ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of a Kindergarten-First Grade Looping Program on Academic Achievement and Self-Esteem
Date: December 2002
Creator: Murphy, Doris Jo
Description: The purpose of this study was to determine if academic achievement and academic self-esteem can be linked to the non-traditional organizational pattern of looping in kindergarten and first grade classes. Looping is defined as one teacher remaining with the same students for two or more years. Using a control group-experimental group design where the experimental group participated in the looping program and the control group did not, and applying the statistical procedure of multivariate analysis of variance (MANAVO), it was found that there was no significant difference between the subjects in the two groups on the criterion variable of academic achievement as measured by the Iowa Test of Basic Skills, and the criterion variable of academic self-esteem as measured by the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory, Second Edition. It was concluded that further study would need to be done to determine if there are advantages to an organizational pattern of looping for students in public elementary schools.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The impact of a junior high school leadership program on the academic success and leadership development of at-risk students.
Date: May 2003
Creator: Reed, Janice
Description: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a junior high school leadership program on the academic success and leadership development of its at-risk student participants. A secondary purpose, based on impact, was to evaluate the program as a potential school-based model for adolescent at-risk intervention. The leadership program investigated in this study is unique in three ways. First, the program is in a magnet school and the student population is heterogeneously mixed as to ethnicity and socio-economic status. Second, enrollment is open to all students. Third, its curriculum goals meet research-based criteria for effective intervention practices and leadership development. Academic success indicators associated with at-risk students included achievement, conduct, attendance, and school engagement. Leadership development indicators included leadership practices students had experienced and leadership positions students had held. The design of this post hoc study was the comparison of two groups of high school students who qualified as "at-risk" during their junior high years. Data collection included district or campus reports for cumulative attendance rates, grade point averages, and conduct demerits, as well as student survey responses for school activities, leadership practices experienced, and leadership positions held. Results of multivariate and univariate inferential analyses show ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Characteristics of preservice teachers learning parent involvement practices.
Date: August 2008
Creator: Trotti, Judy
Description: Numerous models of IS success and technology acceptance their extensions have been proposed and applied in empirical. This study continues this tradition and extends the body of knowledge on the topic of IS success by developing a more comprehensive model for measuring IS success and technology acceptance within a government organization. The proposed model builds upon three established IS success and technology acceptance frameworks namely the DeLone and McLean (2003), Venkatesh et al.'s (2003) unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and Wixom and Todd (2005). The findings from this study provide not only a comprehensive IS success assessment model but also insights into whether and how IS success models are influenced by application variables as applied within a government organization. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for instrument refinement and validity test of the existing and proposed models. Using data from employees of a local government municipal, the comprehensive model explained 32 percent variance. Four of the hypothesis were fully supported five were not supported, and four were partially supported. In addition, the results suggest that behavioral intention may not be the best predictor of technology acceptance in a mandatory environment.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Success Factors among Early College Entrants
Date: August 2008
Creator: Hoggan, Barbara
Description: This study explored how various intrapersonal, familial, and life-goal characteristics related to the academic and personal success of first semester early college entrants attending the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science (TAMS) at the University of North Texas. The study sought to identify which intrapersonal factors and external factors affected grades, behavioral markers, and life satisfaction during the students' first semester at TAMS. Baseline data from TAMS entrance material such as standardized achievement test scores, previous grade point averages (GPA's), advanced courses taken, and other academic activities and awards were collected. Data were also collected from the students prior to their entry to the start of TAMS related to family cohesiveness, motivation, and career goals. Data from parents were gathered prior to the start of TAMS regarding parenting styles, demographics, parents' educational levels, careers, and income levels, as well as the child's homework, extracurricular activities, and other time demands. First semester grades, a measure of life satisfaction since the program began, and behavior reports from staff members were used as outcome/success indicators. These additional data were used to examine the relationship between success and familial/interpersonal/life goal factors.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The effects of individualized test coaching on teacher certification test scores.
Date: August 2008
Creator: Hall, Kathryn Cowart
Description: While student populations are growing, the gatekeeping devices of teacher certification examinations prevent many who want and are trained to teach from entering the profession. If failing these exams predicted failure to teach well, blocking students who do not pass certification exams from entering the profession might be a well-reasoned policy. However, many studies indicate that there is little correlation between certification test scores and quality of teaching. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a program to improve the scores of Texas elementary preservice teachers on a required certification exam. The program consisted of one-on-one coaching of preservice teachers upon the completion of coursework and prior to their taking the state's certification exam. Subjects' scores on a representative form of the certification test were used as pre-treatment measures. The content of the treatment program was individualized for each subject and determined by the specific items missed by each subject on the representative form. The post-treatment measure was the subject's score on the certification exam. Scores on the representative form and on the certification examination were compared to determine if there were significant differences between scores of preservice teachers who had been coached and those who were not coached. Since ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A meta-analysis of service learning research in middle and high schools.
Date: December 2001
Creator: White, Amy E.
Description: This study examines the relationship between service learning innovations and improved academics, self-concept, and social or personal growth in middle and high school students. Meta-Analysis is employed to arrive at effect-size estimates for each construct. A historical overview of service learning is presented and a detailed description of the study selection process is provided. The data revealed a moderate relationship between service learning participation and academics, self-concept and social or personal growth in middle and high school students. The findings are presented, and some appropriate conclusions are drawn. A discussion of the implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are also provided.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


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We tour the French capital to see how the new phone's raw-shooting camera fares in a variety of conditions -- and how it compares to the Galaxy S6 Edge and iPhone 6.
See the new models and concept cars shown off at the 2014 Paris Motor Show.
Days after violent cabbie protests in France, tension between the ride-hailing service and the authorities continues to grow.
The Internet was wowed by footage of a Boeing Dreamliner taking off at an extreme angle. Now see what it looked like from the pilot's perspective.
Asking whether terrorists should be given safe spaces to talk, David Cameron pledges to tighten laws that could challenge WhatsApp and other messaging apps.
The loudest protest so far against smartphone-era car services involves burning tires, blocked traffic, riot police and an assault on a celebrity taking an Uber ride from the airport.
A new project to develop hoverbikes for the US Army Research Laboratory could bring humanity one step closer to a real-life "Star Wars."
An eagle's breathtaking flight at 180km/h over the City of Light has been captured by a Sony Action Cam attached to the bird's back.
Boeing is prepping for the 2015 Paris Air Show by trumpeting the nearly unreal vertical takeoff powers of the next-gen passenger jet.
They're rolling up the carpet here at the 2014 Paris International Auto Show, but before we go hunting for baguettes we took a moment to capture our thoughts and discuss our favorites.
With all the luscious sheet-metal (and carbon fiber) on display on the show floor this year, it wasn't easy picking favorites. But we managed. Here are the top 5 concepts from Paris 2014.

subset: commoncrawl


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BRIEFS: Aces' Kaczmarski makes MVC all-scholar team
Kaczmarski earns MVC scholar honor
University of Evansville junior outfielder Kevin Kaczmarski was named to the Missouri Valley Conference Scholar-Athlete First Team on Wednesday. Kaczmarski, who was an All-MVC First Team selection, led Evansville in hitting with a .315 average with 19 doubles, five triples and four home runs for a .502 slugging percentage. In addition, the Cary, Ill., native drove in a team-high 50 runs and had a .992 fielding percentage in 55 starts in center field to also earn a spot on the MVC All-Defensive Team. A redshirt junior, Kaczmarski finished with a 3.40 cumulative grade-point average (GPA) as an exercise science major and has now earned All-MVC Scholar-Athlete First Team honors in consecutive seasons.
OCU signs Blazers' outfielder Deutsch
Zach Deutsch, who hit .310 in 84 at-bats before missing Vincennes University's run to the NJCAA Division II World Series because of an ankle injury, has signed with Oakland City University. Deutsch is a sophomore outfielder from Harrison who played for Newburgh's 2011 American Legion state championship team.
USATF agrees to equal 50K money
Race walker Erin Taylor-Talcott and USA Track and Field recently reached an agreement on equal prize money for women in the 50-kilometer event. She will earn $7,000 as the top female finisher at the 50K championships in November. USATF awarded prize money only to male racers at that distance. "When Erin brought to our attention that we did not offer prize money for women in the 50k race walk domestically, we agreed with her that we should have equitable prize money," said USATF spokeswoman Jill Geer. Taylor-Talcott could not be reached but did issue a statement through her attorneys: "This gives a powerful voice to myself and all women who have been treated unfairly."
Ball State's Merkel saluted by MAC
Ball State and former Central High standout Tyler Merkel was named to the All-Mid-American Conference Academic golf team for the third year in a row. He graduated this spring with a 3.866 grade-point average in business administration. As a golfer, the Evansville native finished with a 73.99 career scoring average, which ranks second in school history. He was Ball State's male recipient of the inaugural MAC Medal of Excellence last month. Teammate McCormick Clouser, a junior, also earned a spot on the All-MAC Academic golf team.
Leg injuries hamper Portugal's Ronaldo
Portugal says forward Cristiano Ronaldo has tendinitis in his left leg to go with a left leg muscle injury as the team prepares for its World Cup opener on June 16 against Germany. Ronaldo, the world player of the year, helped Madrid win the Champions League last month despite being hampered by leg injuries late in the season. Portugal will play Mexico at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts on Friday and Ireland at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on Monday in exhibition games before heading to Brazil. At the World Cup, Portugal is in Group G, which also includes the United States and Ghana.
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Wall plaques like these bring a well-traveled look to the walls. This colorful set has intentional weathering and imagery of rustic farm country.


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Timothy Leary
A Biography
By Robert Greenfield
(Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Hardcover, 9780151005000, 704pp.)
Publication Date: June 1, 2006
List Price: $28.00*
* Individual store prices may vary.
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To a generation in full revolt against any form of authority, "Tune in, turn on, drop out" became a mantra, and its popularizer, Dr. Timothy Leary, a guru. A charismatic and brilliant psychologist, Leary became first intrigued and then obsessed by the effects of psychedelic drugs in the 1960s while teaching at Harvard, where he not only encouraged but instituted their experimental use among students and faculty. What began as research into human consciousness turned into a mission to alter consciousness itself. Leary transformed himself from serious social scientist into counterculture shaman, embodying the idealism and the hedonism of an age of revolutionary change.
Timothy Leary is the first major biography of one of the most controversial figures in postwar America.
ROBERT GREENFIELD is the author of a biography of Jerry Garcia and a book about rock impresario Bill Graham, which won a Ralph J. Gleason Award and the ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for Excellence. He lives in California.


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24 year old woman | Sebastian, FL, USA | Seeking men 25-31 within 50 miles
Looking for the One
I'm a very fun loving and friendly person. I love singing dancing and having fun. I have 2 baby boys who I love to death and nothing comes before them. I'm looking for someone to talk to on a friendly level first and then maybe it can go further.
Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Playing sports , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Soccer, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs, Horses
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'3" (160cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 8'11" (271cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Education / Teacher / Professor
|Administrative / Secretarial, Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Labor / Construction, Legal, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military, Retail / Food services, Retired, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Education / Teacher / Professor, Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering, Travel / Hospitality / Transportation, Other profession, Nonprofit / Volunteer / Activist, Law enforcement / Security / Military, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
|$25,001 to $35,000
|$25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (2)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Black / African descent, Other
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, Native American, White / Caucasian, Other
|Christian / Other
|No preference
|No preference
|Some college
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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58 year old man | Las Vegas, NV, USA | Seeking women 39-59 within 150 miles
Active within 24 hours
I lived in Marina Del Rey for 16 years and in...
I lived in Marina Del Rey for 16 years and in Santa Monica before coming to Las Vegas. I am financialy secure and have no debt. I have always been responsible with my finances. I have travelled around Europe and most of the US and enjoyed different sites. I am a Van Morrison fan and a big Motown fan It is very sad that some women on this site do not use it to its full extent. They do not take the time to answer mail. I guess that it is just their playpen!!!!!! "Then I hear that there are no good men in Las Vegas" Well I am a good man.
Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Museums and art , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports
Basketball, Soccer, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Dogs
Update, Jake is longer with me.
Middle of the Road
Paris probably the most beautiful city I have visited. I stayed in the Opera Area near all the sites. I am a fan of Oscar Wilde and enjoyed staying at the Hotel ( L'Hotel) he frequented in Paris. I love Buenos Aires, a European city in South America
I really do like meeting new people and finding out what makes them tick. I enjoy experiencing different cultures and trying their cuisine. I enjoy dancing, movies, reading a good book and cooking new recipes.
I like to read and watch sports. I love to dance, I enjoy my home and have made it very comfortable. I enjoy cooking and I would love to learn to Tango. I am hoping to meet a partner to learn with me
I am very interested in politics both American and European polictics
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|6'3" (190cms)
|5'4" (162cms) to 5'11" (180cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Dark brown
|Black, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|No preference
I am a Financial Consultant
|$100,001 to $150,000
|No preference
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
Irish Born, went to school in the UK On my Fathers side I have German roots 300 years ago. I am a Palentine German.
|Christian / Catholic
|No preference
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Bachelor of Commerce from University College of Dublin


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Working With Mike Tyson Is Indeed as Scary as It Seems
Working With Mike Tyson Is Indeed as Scary as It Seems
9 Dylan O'Brien Moments You Haven't Seen Before
Unlock your personal NFL Now stream by signing in to NFL.com
Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Breckin Meyer star in TNT's dramedy Franklin & Bash, playing lawyers and good buddies. The TV stars stopped by our Los Angeles studio to give us full-on details of having legendary boxer Mike Tyson visit their show to make a cameo. And, to answer your question, yes, punches were thrown.
Dylan O'Brien's millions of fans have loved his roles on Teen Wolf and in The Maze Runner, but it is his sense of humor behind the scenes that has got us smiling! We found some of his cutest never-before-seen footage, guaranteed to make your day.
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of love this past week by making same-sex marriage legal nationwide. Many celebrated the historical event by tying the knot themselves! Check out some of the most heartwarming moments so far.
Get ready for Fourth of July with these adorable firecracker hot dogs that are pretty much giant pigs-in-a-blanket. They're party-perfect and make for a great addition to any grilling spread.  From Handmade in the Heartland Fourth of July Firecracker Hot Dogs Ingredients1 can refrigerated breadstick dough 16 hot dogs 16 thick slices colby cheese 16 skewers Special equipment: Star cookie cutter Wooden skewers Directions Preheat the oven to 350ºF and line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Set aside. Take a skewer and stick it all the way through the center of the hot doglength-wise leaving about an inch and a half exposed out of the top of each hotdog. Take a piece of breadstick dough and wrap it around the hot dog in a spiral shape until you reach the top, leaving gaps in between each spiral. Repeat with the rest of the hot dogs and lay them on the baking sheet. Bake hot dogs for about 20 minutes or until the breadsticks are golden brown. While the hot dogs are baking, use a star cookie cutter to cut out stars approximately an inch in diameter. Let the hot dogs cool and then place one cheese star at the top of each hot dog in the part of the skewer that's sticking out of the top. Display the hot dogs using a styrofoam ball so they can stick straight up like firecrackers. Serve with ketchup and mustard. Information Category Main Dishes, BBQ Yield 16 Servings Cook Time 35 Minutes Average( votes): Print recipe
An easy and festive DIY, these delicious chocolate-covered Oreo pops are a lot easier to make than you'd think and are sure to add a bit of festivity to any Fourth of July party.  From POPSUGAR Food Patriotic Oreo Pops Ingredients12 Oreos 1 cup white chocolate, melted Red sprinkles White sprinkles Blue sprinkles Special equipment: Lollipop sticks Wax paper Directions Line a baking sheet with wax paper. Separate Oreos. Dip the end of a lollipop stick in white chocolate and place it in the center of an opened Oreo. Sandwich the Oreo back together and press slightly to seal. Repeat with the rest of the Oreos. Dip the Oreo into white chocolate, covering completely. Set on a piece of wax paper to form the first coat. Let harden. Mix red, white, and blue sprinkles. Dip the Oreo into white chocolate a second time, covering completely. Let the excess drip off. Then dip 1 side of the chocolate-covered Oreo into the sprinkles and set on the wax paper. Repeat with the remaining Oreo pops. Let the chocolate harden, and they're ready to gift wrap or serve as is! Information Category Desserts Yield 12 servings Cook Time 15 minutes Average( votes): Print recipe
Disney and Dole are a staple for anyone who's enjoyed the crooning of all the birds in the Tiki Room, and it only makes sense to capture a little bit of that at home with this no-ice-cream-maker-required DIY frozen treat. Just in case you don't have a trip planned to Disney anytime soon, curb your pineapple cravings by making this at-home version.  From Magical Recipes Dole Whip Ingredients2 (20-ounce) cans Dole crushed pineapple 2 tablespoons pineapple juice 2 tablespoons lemon juice, fresh 2 tablespoons lime juice, fresh 1/3 cup sugar 1 1/2 cups heavy whipping cream, whipped Directions Drain pineapple, reserving 2 tablespoons of the liquid. Into a blender, place pineapple, reserved pineapple juice, lemon juice, lime juice, and sugar, and blend until smooth. Pour the mixture into two 1-quart freezer bags and store bags flat in the freezer for 1 1/2 hours or until the mixture is a slushy consistency. In a large bowl, gently fold the pineapple slush into the whipped cream until incorporated. Cover bowl and return to the freezer for at least an hour or until the mixture is frozen. Information Category Desserts, Frozen Yield 6-8 Servings Cook Time 5 hours Average( votes): Print recipe
Community Episode 1: Ladders
Community Episode 2: Lawnmower Maintenance and Postnatal Care
Community Episode 3: Basic Crisis Room Decorum
Community Episode 4: Queer Studies and Advanced Waxing
Community Episode 5: Laws of Robotics and Party Rights
Community Episode 6: Basic Email Security
Sin City Saints Episode 1: The Fool Monty
Sin City Saints Episode 2: Smoke and Mirrors
Sin City Saints Episode 3: Gone Catfishing
Sin City Saints Episode 4: Mrs. Wu's Tang
Sin City Saints Episode 5: A Basket Full of Rainbows
Sin City Saints Episode 6: You Booze, You Lose


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Farmington Independent
AnglingBuzz.com VIDEO: Walleye - Live bait rigging for early summer success
Farmington police report: June 12-19
Fees for renting school facilities may change
Survey says school bonds, levy may lack support
City may lift outdated bans on spitting, 'lewd singing'
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crime and courts
Farmington gymnasts compete at nationals
VFW baseball: Down big, Farmington rallies for a win
Legion baseball: Sweep gets Post 189 back on track
Magalis wins NSISC Diver of the Year award
Amateur baseball: Jones bros. part of 16-6 Dukes team
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high school
Pet of the Week: Sweet as a Cupcake
Beware cheap county fair tickets
National youth choir performs Sunday in Farmington
Dew Days photo gallery
Color guard mainstay earns a place of honor in this year's parade
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arts and entertainment
Wells Fargo Bank vs Bixby
Washington Mutual Bank, vs Kladek
Bank of America, vs zitek
Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. vs Misgen
World Savings Bank vs. Zimmer
Billy Grimes, 91
Thomas C. O'Malley, 60
Carol J. McGregor, 56
Donald B. Fletcher, 63
Rita Cook, 90
Nathan Hansen column: Behold the webcam of God
Letter: Miss Farmington Ambassador offers thanks
Editorial: Dew Days volunteers do thankless work
Nathan Hansen column: Nothing to lose your head over
Editorial: Miss Farmington is a true ambassador
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Get Out! Deals
Magazine Rack
Weather Forecast
June 26, 2015
Fees for renting school facilities may change
The Farmington School District is looking at changes to its facility fee structure that could ultimately lead to local groups paying less to rent the district's fields and gyms. Athletic director Bill Tschida also would like to simplify the structure, reducing the current number...
news / government
June 26, 2015 - 9:38am
June 25, 2015
Survey says school bonds, levy may lack support
The results of a resident survey have the Farmington School Board rethinking the bond and levy requests it was considering bringing to residents in November. In May, the district put together a three-question package that would have raised about $92 million over the next 10 years....
news / government
June 25, 2015 - 9:18am
City may lift outdated bans on spitting, 'lewd singing'
Farmington couples sharing a home and a bed without the benefit of a marriage certificate might soon be able to stop living in fear of the long arm of the law. So too may people distributing literature about venereal disease, or serial spitters. The city of Farmington went through...
news / government
June 25, 2015 - 9:16am
Dakota County trail extension still causing concern
Last spring, a handful of landowners near Spring Lake Park fought Dakota County in meetings, behind closed doors and in court. The county wanted...
news / government
June 25, 2015 - 9:14am
June 19, 2015
Fire chief streamlines department leadership
New fire chief Jim Larsen is wasting no time getting his department organized. The Farmington City Council on Monday approved his request to restructure the chain of command, eliminating one position and setting clearly defined roles for the others. Larsen is Farmington's first...
news / government
June 19, 2015 - 10:04am
June 18, 2015
City looks for guidance on solar opportunities
Pssst! Wanna buy a solar panel? How about a subscription to a solar garden? Solar energy salesmen, energized by a legislative deadline for tax credits, have been knocking on Farmington's door, hoping to sell them a piece of the sun. Overwhelmed by the complexity of the topic and...
news / government
June 18, 2015 - 9:26am
City gets a big haul on cleanup days
Farmington residents may have just cleared a whole lot of space in their garages and basements. The city of Farmington collected nearly 563 tons of garbage, 257,712 pounds of electronics and 690 appliances in its recently-completed curbside cleanup. That's almost 100 tons more...
news / government
June 18, 2015 - 9:16am
June 11, 2015
Sheriff launches advisory committee
It turns out, people don't always know what Tim Leslie does for a living. Leslie was elected Dakota County Sheriff in November, but as he started making the rounds to Rotary Clubs and other community groups, he kept getting the same kinds of questions. People didn't know where...
news / government
June 11, 2015 - 10:32am
Construction will disrupt Cedar Ave. traffic
The Minnesota Department of Transportation has shut down the southbound lanes of Cedar Avenue, also known as Highway 77, between Old Shakopee Road and Highway 13. The closure is likely to cause a few thousand headaches. During the closure, which will last from June 5 to June 15,...
news / government
June 11, 2015 - 10:30am
May 22, 2015
Closures planned for Embers Avenue
As construction continues on 195th Street, there will be some additional inconveniences next week for drivers who want to use Embers Avenue. Embers will be closed to traffic at 195th Street between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. May 26 and 27. The closure is necessary so crews can reconstruct...
news / government
May 22, 2015 - 3:46pm
May 21, 2015
'Unwanted advances' led to CDA director's firing
The Dakota County Community Development Agency Board has formally terminated longtime executive director Mark Ulfers. The board, which consists of the Dakota County Commissioners, finalized the decision during a special meeting May 12. The board notified Ulfers in March that his...
news / government
May 21, 2015 - 9:33am
Survey: Should Farmington stay small or grow?
A recent survey of Farmington residents revealed a very happy community that may be headed for some growing pains. Residents were split between wanting to keep a small town feel and wanting to see more retail growth, They also enjoy the city's services but don't want to pay...
news / government
May 21, 2015 - 9:31am
Farmington budget gets good marks
For the last seven years, Farmington has been living paycheck to paycheck. 2014 was the first year the city did not have to borrow from other internal funds to pay for its operating expenses, said Robin Hanson, financial director. "It's a big deal," she said. "The city has...
news / government
May 21, 2015 - 9:27am
May 19, 2015
Updated: Board finalizes Dakota County CDA executive director's termination
The Dakota County Community Development Agency Board has formally terminated longtime executive director Mark Ulfers. The board, which consists of the Dakota County Commissioners, finalized the decision during a special meeting May 12. The board notified Ulfers in March that his...
news / government
May 19, 2015 - 12:17pm
May 14, 2015
Ambulance response times remain fast in Farmington
On a cold Friday the 13th in February, city council member Tim Pitcher found himself in desperate need of an ambulance. He did not know it at the time, but a large tumor was pressing against his heart, making it difficult to breathe. "I was in a lot of pain," he said. Luckily...
news / government
May 14, 2015 - 9:41am
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Jane Anderson (Personal Branding)Shared publicly -
I get asked this question regularly as I see people who are trying to build a business though a hobby on the side of their job or are a full blown solopreneur. The challenge is to be able to streamline and anyone who knows me knows I'll try to find the fastest way to get a result!
Add a comment...


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Place an advert
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By South Wales Evening Post
Posted: May 25, 2014
RSPCA Llys Nini dog show at the Gnoll Park.
RSPCA Liys Nini dog show to the Gnoll Park
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- Osheta's Airbnb Symbol
Hey, I'm Osheta!
Here's my twitter bio: Wifey, mommy to 3 cuties, church planter, reluctant housewife, Jesus-Girl, Shalom seeker for my city. I write and drink coffee—often at the same time.
I suppose you can learn about me through my blog: (website hidden)
My bio for when I write is: Osheta Moore is an Assembly-of-God-Methodist-Southern-Baptist-a-teryn turned Anabaptist living in Boston. She has four children, two boys (Tyson and TJ), one girl (Trinity) and a church plant (New City Covenant Church). She writes on her blog, "Shalom in City" and her at the top of her bucket list is to dance in a flash mob—all the better if it's to Michael Jackson's, "Thriller".
I love to meet new people and the idea of personalizing hospitality again thrills me. I hope to know you better and learn more about your city as I book through Airbnb.


text:
Trust in Disney and the magic will guide you safely through?
by, 05-21-2008 at 01:33 PM
Hmmm, I wonder if the gentleman that jumped from the Wonder Tower earlier this month knew about the Disney magic? Maybe to avoid his fate he could have wandered in the park and gotten a hug from Mickey. (Unrealistic, but it's a what if, so it's totally allowed)
It seems a downright shame that someone would take their life at a place where there are so many families and could be witnesses. I'm guessing that there are more than a few people that will need some counseling for a bit. I just wish that this gentleman had done this somewhere else? I really feel that taking your life in such a public way means that you really didn't get the attention you needed in life, therefore you make it happen after your death. I guess suicide never made much sense to me... I've been down before and had a nanosecond of thought that my life would be so much easier without me in it. But then I realized what the heck I was thinking! My life would be nothing without me, good and bad.
This leads to my next query: How many people have jumped from the Disneyland Hotel Towers since their opening?
Call it morbid, gross whatever... it really is something that isn't general public information... at least not the readily available kind. And if it is, I am so missing it.


text:
Scotty McCreery, 'Southern Belle'
Scotty McCreery's "Southern Belle" breaks expectations. The first taste of his third studio is a wild deviation from what he's previously released. It's anything but predictable.
Scotty McCreery's "Southern Belle" breaks expectations. The first taste of his third studio is a wild deviation from what he's previously released. It's anything but predictable.
When Marvel announced a release date for Guardians of the Galaxy 2 before the first one was even released, everyone thought Marvel was overestimating their strange space opera. And then it made a bajillion dollars and everyone on the internet felt like a fool. Now, the title for that sequel has been revealed and while it doesn't bring any grand revelation with it, it'll probably get you to crack a tiny smile.
Here's your dose of fantasticness for the day.
A Zac Brown Band fan jumped on stage to join the group in Milwaukee on Sunday, but Houston Texans defensive lineman J.J. Watt made sure the man's appearance was short ... and painful. Watch as Watt sacks the man like he was quarterbacking the Tennessee Titans.
The unending gift of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential bid had many wondering if the billionaire's Celebrity Apprentice had come to an end, and NBC has at last made the split official. Following Trump's racist remarks causing a schism from Univision, NBC has completely severed any and all ties to Trump.
There are a lot of highly complicated moves in Magic Mike. But, despite the degree of difficulty, Channing Tatum never once used a stunt double. All those backflips, grinds and spins were all his moves. Not bad, but when you consider Tatum himself used to be a male stripper, it all makes sense. This is just one of the facts packed into the latest episode of You Think You Know Movies, which backs up on ya with Magic Mike.
IDAHO FALLS, Idaho (AP) — Eastern Idaho law enforcement officials say a man was shot after he refused to cooperate with officers during a traffic stop.
If your dogs are anything like mine, they HATE loud noises. Since fireworks are legal in Twin Falls, I dread 4th of July fireworks for that reason, but there are a few things we can do to help our pets learn to deal with the many loud noises.
This year's Gay Pride Parade in New York City was unlike any other in history.
COEUR D'ALENE, Idaho (AP) — Authorities say bees are swarming near the Washington-Idaho border after a tractor-trailer full of the buzzing insects tipped over, spilling its load on Sunday.
This is not the way you expect to see a race come to an end.


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Fresh yellow trims give a playful lift to Preen's artfully printed silk-chiffon dress. With a drawstring waist and fluid draping, this chic style is a fabulous round-the-clock choice.
Multicolored printed semi-sheer silk-chiffonOff-white and yellow Peter Pan collar, yellow-trimmed button-fastening cuffs, drawstring waist, removable jersey slip to lineButton-fastening front placket100% silk; lining: 100% viscoseDry clean
Product code: 190939 - Need help? Contact us


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Scope: As a member of the Marketing team, this role is responsible for managing processes across multiple teams and disciplines to ensure the successful marketing of CBR?s core products to consumer and health care professional audiences. This position requires strong project6/25/2015 San Bruno, CA Save This Job
Scope: As a member of the Marketing team, this role is responsible for managing processes across multiple teams and disciplines to ensure the successful marketing of CBR?s core products to consumer and health care professional audiences. This position requires strong project6/25/2015 San Bruno, CA Save This Job
Job Location Tucson, Arizona Essential Duties Responsible for the maintenance and improvement of key Quality systems and processes as well as insuring those quality requirements are defined and met during design, development and release to manufacturing. The incumbent will work6/9/2015 Tucson, AZ Save This Job
Responsibilities: Own New Product Introduction for responsible products Driving definition and development of DFt architecture, HVM manufacturability, product reliability and overall quality of design with cross-functional engineering teams Own complete program management,6/6/2015 Westlake Village, CA Save This Job
Dubbed the "Anti-Silicon Valley Startup" by Forbes magazine (http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/11/27/apprenda-the-anti-silicon-valley-startup/), Apprenda is the leading private Platform as a Service (PaaS) powering the next generation of enterprise software development6/3/2015 Troy, NY Save This Job
Clinical Development Cambridge, MA, United States Merrimack Pharmaceuticals is a high-energy biopharmaceutical company discovering, developing and preparing to commercialize innovative medicines paired with companion diagnostics for the treatment of serious diseases, with an6/3/2015 Cambridge, MA Save This Job
Two open positions to be located in the Nashville, TN area-within 60 min of BNA- and the Denver, Portland, or Salt Lake City area TUNet ? the Tantalus Utility Network ? is deployed at utilities throughout North America determined to drive down operational costs, increase6/15/2015 St. Louis, MO Save This Job
Position Summary We are currently seeking an experienced product professional with a demonstrated record of success in bringing new Point of Sale ("POS") products to market and defining and implementing initiatives that increase product utilization. Product management5/23/2015 San Mateo, CA Save This Job
Are you passionate about customer success and want to work with some of the largest, most influential brands in eCommerce? Baynote Engagement Managers lead the implementation and management of our dynamic algorithm driven personalization platform, which includes our new eCommerce5/11/2015 San Jose, CA Save This Job
We're looking for a Senior Product Manager to drive the Twilio Console - the web interface developers use to operate their production applications, manage their accounts, and get started with Twilio. This is a senior role responsible for all phases of the product lifecycle, from6/3/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job Description Customer Engagement Manager You have experience in providing expert support for the deployment of new technology to customers, with prompt resolution of issues that are identified. You love being the interface customers rely on to solve problems, and work well5/17/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job ID 2015-1763 Job Location US-VA-Vienna Type Regular Full-Time Posted Date 6/27/2015 Targeted Job Start Date .. # of Openings 1 More information about this job: POSITION SUMMARY & RESPONSIBILITIES: Virtustream (www.virtustream.com) is the enterprise-class cloud software7/3/2015 Vienna, VA Save This Job
Site : Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Station Location : Welch MN US 55089 Education : Bachelors Skill : Engineering -> Electrical, Design Category : Professional Job Description : The staff augmentation Project Design Engineers will be assigned to the following projects: ?6/7/2015 Welch, MN Save This Job
Partnerships Mountain View, CA Our mission at Coursera is to give everyone access to a world-class education that has so far been available to a select few. Our partnerships with institutions and faculty are the lifeblood of this mission: through the courses that our partners5/6/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
Accelerate your product marketing passion at Vertafore, the leader in modern insurance technology. Headquartered in in Bothell, WA, we?re transforming our product marketing organization and are looking for a person with an appetite for product marketing. You?ll represent the7/7/2015 Bothell, WA Save This Job
You will be responsible for leading a team of dedicated professionals who oversee and maintain the integrity of Twilio?s inventory of phone numbers. In this role, you will be responsible for managing Twilio?s worldwide supply chain for phone numbers and ensuring that our6/3/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job ID 2015-2904 Job Location US-TX-Austin Category Client Services Type Full-Time More information about this job About Bazaarvoice Bazaarvoice is a network that connects brands and retailers to the authentic voices of people where they shop. Each month, more than 500 million6/6/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
Location : Eatontown NJ US 07724 Job Type : Full Time Shift/Hours : First Shift (Day) Career Level : Experienced (Non-Manager) Education : High School or equivalent Skill : Sales -> Inside, Cold-Calling, Territory Management Category : Sales/Retail/Business Development Job6/1/2015 Eatontown, NJ Save This Job
More information about this job: Overview: Billtrust is a company that leverages leading cloud technology and a commitment to service to support one of the strongest client lists in business. Respected brands like Kraft Foods, CDW, Toshiba, and Stanley Black & Decker rely on us6/29/2015 Hamilton, NJ Save This Job
More information about this job: Overview: Billtrust is a company that leverages leading cloud technology and a commitment to service to support one of the strongest client lists in business. Respected brands like Kraft Foods, CDW, Toshiba, and Stanley Black & Decker rely on us6/29/2015 Denver, CO Save This Job


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Tags » Bj Lewis
Party Girl: The Series to start May 11!
Getting more people to see the Party Girl Series
That's the goal.
Hopefully we have taken some more strides in that direction in recent weeks.
We have submitted episodes of Party Girl season one and season two to the 2015 IAWTV Awards. 218 more words
Party Girl Web Series Chapter XIII and beyond!
Finally, Chapter XIII of the Party Girl Web Series is out and on the interwebs, ending the saga that is season one. As I sit back and look at the body of work that is the beginning of Rachel Buchanan's journey to becoming a hero, I see lots of things. 520 more words
Bj Lewis on Detroit Radio and branching out in Denton!
Yep, that happened. And it was fun. The gentleman behind the Unlock Television Channel invited Bj on to "Sports, Hip Hop & Beer," talk about Party Girl. 191 more words
Party Girl Web Series Chapter IX "Into the Darch-ness" is live!!
DENTON – Another chapter in the ongoing super hero web series, Party Girl, has hit the web!
The series, written, filmed, edited and produced by Bj Lewis and his group, Taurian Films, continues the story of Rachel Buchanan and her masked crime fighting journey. 378 more words
Party Girl Web Series Chapter VIII "For My Sister" is live!
The newest chapter of the Party Girl Web Series is live and can be seen below.
We are sprinting through the rest of season one and closer to the first look at season two which will be at FenCon XI in Dallas this year. 162 more words


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Welcome to the HealthyPlace mental health support community. Please take a moment to introduce yourself to everyone.
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An Introduction to new member
Jun-30-15 16:08:55
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Jun-30-15 16:08:55
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To maintain a safe and orderly community, we have put some policies and rules into place. Please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with these.
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Administrators, Moderators and Volunteers Disclosure
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how to turn down intimacy with your abuser
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Besides ADHD, ASD should also be in topic
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|Hospital Quality
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Does Remeron (Mirtazapine) cause confusion, paranoia, or loosing touch with reality?
- Posted:
- 11 Sep 2009 by Glenn Wilmer
- Topics:
- remeron, mirtazapine
Answers (2)
24 Sep 2009
Remeron (mirtazapine) can cause abnormal thinking. If this is bothersome you should contact your doctor.
See this link for a complete list of Remeron side-effects:
Pledge, yes it can. Why answer a question when you clearly have not even looked at the list of side effects? Best not to answer if you haven't read up. I'm not sure why these sites even allow random people to answer medical/pharmaceutical questions, but do be careful about giving medical advice to others. Thank you.
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I just finished my first month on Remeron (Mirtazapine) and although my depression has lessened, my anxiety has not. Should I ask my dr. to switch? I ...
7 answers • 20 May 2012
Is mirtazapine/remeron o.k. for someone with HepatitusC-i've been taking 15mg daily for about 2wks?
now and have experienced the grogginess and appetite increase which i understand to be common,havent noticed a lifting of my depression which is a ...
2 answers • 23 Dec 2012
Mirtazapine -what does remeron 45mg have in it?
Does remeron have any narcotics in it! When I take it it makes me feel like a loratab would! And sick like one to also what's the difference ...
1 answer • 2 May 2014
Remeron - What's the difference between mirtazapine 7.5 and the other dosages? And is it safe to?
... take long term, It has helped me sleep and my moods are better,don't think I want to come off, especially after everything I've read ...
2 answers • 5 Sep 2014
Not sure what my med is for they switch generics?
Mirtazapine 30 mg/ tab remeron. 30mg/ tab
1 answer • 6 Mar 2015


text: Cecile McLorin Salvant's new album is titled WomanChild. John Abbott/Courtesy of the artist hide caption itoggle caption John Abbott/Courtesy of the artist Music Articles Authentic Early Jazz, From A 23-Year-Old 'WomanChild' June 3, 2013 Vocalist Cecile McLorin Salvant and pianist Aaron Diehl, both in their 20s, have already racked up major industry prizes. They took radically different paths to get there, but on Salvant's new album, they find ways to honor old traditions as young people. Listen Loading… 8:20 Playlist Download Embed Embed Close embed modal <iframe src="http://www.npr.org/player/embed/188394005/188397979" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">


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Glycolic disinfectant compositions and related methods and apparatus for electrostatic dispensation.
1. A substantially non-aqueous electrostatically dispensable disinfectant composition comprising an alcohol solvent component in combination with a glycol solute component, said combination having an initial conductivity, and further comprising a conductivity control component comprising at least one of a silicon oil, an essential oil, a fatty acid ester and combinations thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce said initial conductivity, and wherein all composition components of the disinfectant composition for electrostatic dispensing are at least one of soluble and miscible.
2. The composition of
3. The composition of
4. The composition of
5. The composition of
6. The composition of
7. The composition of
8. The composition of
9. A substantially non-aqueous disinfectant composition, said composition comprising:
a glycol component present at about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent;
an alcohol component present at about 30 weight percent to about 70 weight percent;
a conductivity control component present at about 15 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, said control component present in an amount sufficient to provide said composition a conductivity from about 0.01 microsiemens per centimeter to about 1.0 microsiemens per centimeter;
a balance of an aqueous component in an amount sufficient to form an azeotropic mixture with said alcohol component, wherein the electrostatically dispensable disinfectant composition is free of immiscible and insoluble topical composition particulates.
10. The composition of
11. The composition of
12. The composition of
13. A system for electrostatic delivery of an antimicrobial material, said system comprising:
a disinfectant composition comprising a glycol component in combination with an alcohol component, said combination having an initial conductivity and a conductivity control component comprising at least one of a silicon oil, an essential oil, a fatty acid ester and combinations thereof, said conductivity control component present in an amount sufficient to reduce said initial conductivity of said combination; and
an electrostatic dispensing apparatus containing said disinfectant composition in a liquid reservoir, said apparatus further including an electrostatic charging element, a voltage source electrically connected to said element, and a dispenser providing said disinfectant composition in proximity to said element, said proximity sufficient to electrostatically charge said composition, wherein the electrostatic dispensing apparatus is at least one of an electrostatic wick and a vaporizing emitter, the electrostatic dispensing apparatus when subject to an electrical power source dispensing the disinfectant composition in a vapor and/or aerosol suspension form;
Wherein said glycol component is present at solute concentrations in said alcohol; and wherein said glycol is triethylene glycol and said composition is delivered at a rate of at least 0.1 grams per hour.
14. A method of using a glycol disinfectant composition to reduce airborne microbial levels, said method comprising:
providing an electrostatically dispensable, substantially non-aqueous glycol disinfectant composition comprising an alcohol solvent component in combination with a glycol solute component, said combination having an initial conductivity, and further comprising a conductivity control component comprising at least one of a silicon oil, an essential oil, a fatty acid ester and combinations thereof in an amount sufficient to reduce said initial conductivity;
charging said glycol disinfectant composition with an apparatus comprising only-one electrode conductively connected to a voltage source; and
dispensing said charged glycol disinfectant composition in an amount and at a rate sufficient to effect a 3-log reduction in airborne microbial levels.
15. The method of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. A substantially non-aqueous disinfectant composition, said composition comprising:
triethylene glycol present at about 10 weight percent to about 15 weight percent of said composition, said glycol having an initial viscosity and an initial conductivity;
ethanol present at about 45 weight percent to about 60 weight percent of said composition, said ethanol present in an amount sufficient to dissolve said glycol, said amount further sufficient to reduce said initial viscosity; and
a fragrance component present at about 20 weight percent to about 40 weight percent of said composition, said fragrance present in an amount sufficient to reduce said initial conductivity,
said composition electrostatically dispensable, having a viscosity and a conductivity sufficiently reduced to deliver said composition at a rate of at least about 0.1 grams per hour to about 0.5 grams per hour, and wherein all composition components of the disinfectant composition for electrostatic dispensing are at least one of soluble and miscible.
20. The composition of
21. The composition of
This invention relates generally to the use of glycolic compositions as airborne disinfectants and to the electrostatic delivery of such compositions to the environment.
It has been long known in the art that certain glycol compounds and compositions containing them can provide an air sanitation effect when appropriately dispersed. Although various regulatory guidelines are applicable, disinfecting compositions containing about 5 weight percent or more of the active glycol constituent are effective when dispensed into the environment at an adequate rate.
It has been known to use indirect heating of a wick as a method of dispensing various biocidic materials. In particular, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,395 describes such methods and apparatus for disinfecting air with glycolic compositions. Therein, the method is described as immersing a portion of a porous wick in a liquid composition, then indirectly heating the top of the wick to generate airborne particles of the active disinfecting agent. Certain glycolic compounds readily provide particles, forming an aerosol suspension, at temperatures which can be safely employed in conjunction with apparatus described. The active particles are believed to be contact disinfectants, with respect to airborne bacteria and/or other discrete particulates present.
However, indirect heating methods are not without deficiencies. Various disinfectant compositions may present an undue flammability risk. The heat generated invariably raises ambient temperatures, a side effect counterproductive for an air-conditioned or otherwise temperature controlled environment. The resulting particle size may be difficult to control or ineffectual with respect to optimum sanitization.
The search for an efficient, effective delivery system has been an ongoing concern in the art. One approach, which has been used with some success, is as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,196,171 and 5,382,410: the controlled generation of vapors and/or aerosols from liquids is accomplished by applying a regulated DC voltage to a wick-like, porous emitter or generator assembly supplied with a dispensable liquid. An electrostatic charge is applied to the liquid by means of an electrode positioned in contact with the wick assembly connected to a power supply. The wick assembly includes, preferably, a porous, capillary material through which the liquid passes to exposed, vapor-emitting fiber tips. Specific liquid formulations are left unaddressed by the '171 and '410 patents. Suitable liquids are described only generally as including those which may include disinfectant and/or fragrance agents which impart their respective properties upon delivery.
In light of the foregoing, one aspect of the present invention is to provide disinfectant compositions and/or systems and methods relating thereto, thereby overcoming the various deficiencies and shortcomings of the prior art, including those outlined above. In particular, it has now been found that formulations useful in conjunction with electrostatic systems require a minimal charge capacity for proper dispensation and desired effect. Compositions exceeding a certain water content do not maintain an electrostatic charge. Accordingly, glycolic compounds, hygroscopic by nature, and heretofore unsuitable for electrostatic delivery, are now provided in conjunction with the inventive compositions, systems and methods described herein.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of dispensing a disinfectant glycol composition without use of heat, thereby also providing the level of associated aerosol and/or vapor disinfectant sufficient to reduce airborne microorganism contaminants.
The present invention also provides a method and/or system for electrostatic delivery of glycol compositions, thereby permitting delivery and/or dispensation thereof at a rate sufficient to sanitize airborne contaminants. The present invention makes use of an alcohol component to enhance the electrostatic dispersion of a glycol disinfectant.
It has been discovered that a wide range of glycol compositions which can be used with comparable effect in conjunction with a variety of commercially-available electrostatic dispensing units, without significant redesign, configuration or modification.
A concurrent advantage of the present invention is that it provides disinfectant compositions without the presence of substantial aqueous component which would otherwise facilitate the growth and proliferation of microorganisms, in direct contravention of various aforementioned goals and objectives.
Other aspects, objects, benefits, features and/or advantages of the present invention will be apparent from this summary and the following descriptions of various preferred embodiments, and will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having knowledge of various disinfectant compositions and electrostatic delivery systems. Such objects, features, benefits and advantages will be apparent from the above as taken into conjunction with the accompanying examples, data, figures and all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, alone or with consideration of the references incorporated herein.
The disinfectant compositions of the present invention are substantially non-aqueous and include an alcohol solvent component and a glycol solute component. The inventive compositions are, surprisingly, electrostatically dispensable. Various alcoholic components can be employed, so long as the glycol component is sufficiently solvated and/or dispersed and a sufficiently homogeneous composition is thereby provided for subsequent use. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments of this invention, the solvent component can include but is not limited to ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol and/or combinations thereof.
Further, with respect to those preferred embodiments, the alcohol component can comprise about 10 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of the inventive composition. Aside from the aforementioned solvation, the amount of alcohol utilized can vary depending upon several factors including choice of glycol and other components present. Regardless, the identity and amount of alcohol can be used to provide compositional viscosities of the sort useful for electrostatic delivery. Preferred compositions of the present invention have a viscosity between about 0.1 centipoise (at 20� C.) to about 50 centipoise. Optimally, depending upon glycol identity and desired delivery rate, the composition has a viscosity of about 5 centipoise to about 10 centipoise.
The aforementioned alcohols, as well as other such solvent components contemplated herein, are available as or readily form azeotropic mixtures with water. The aqueous component of such azeotropes is present at or up to a weight or volume percent well known to those skilled in the art. Without restriction to any one theory, mechanism or mode of operation, it is within the scope of this invention that the alcohol component of the present compositions can control or otherwise affect the amount of water therein, thereby providing a counter to the hygroscopic nature of the glycol component and enhancing the electrostatic dispensation of the resulting composition.
Preferred compositions of the present invention can further include a conductivity control component present in an amount sufficient to provide the composition a conductivity of about 0.01 microsiemens per centimeter to about 1.0 microsiemens per centimeter. In various preferred embodiments, the conductivity control component is one of several fragrance components, each of which can be present at about 10 weight percent to about 90 weight percent of the composition. Such components can include, but are not limited to, those commercially available from Robertet Fragrances, Inc. of Oakland, N.J. under the M-82, SM-96 and/or TF-69 trade designations. Various essential oils, silicon oils and/or other aliphatic materials can also be used with good effect. Alternate conductivity control components include various fatty acid esters, such as but not limited to the alcohol esters of palmitic and myristic acids. Such control agents, employed as described herein, can lower conductivity and provide an electrostatic delivery rate sufficient for the required reduction of airborne bacterial levels.
A variety of glycols can be used in conjunction herewith, the choice of which limited only by the desired antiseptic effect. Accordingly, the glycol component of this invention can be, but is not limited to, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol and combinations thereof. Preferably, such a glycol component is present at about 5 weight percent to about 80 weight percent of the composition. As described herein, an especially effective disinfectant is one which includes triethylene glycol.
In part, the present invention can also provide a substantially non-aqueous disinfectant composition including (1) a glycol component present at about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent; (2) an alcohol component present at about 30 weight percent to about 70 weight percent; and optionally (3) a conductivity control component present at about 15 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, such component present in an amount sufficient to provide the composition a conductivity from about 0.01 microsiemens per centimeter to about 1.0 microsiemens per centimeter. As described above, such a disinfectant composition can include triethylene glycol and ethanol, each component within a range of weight percents such that the resulting composition has a viscosity of about 0.1 centipoise to about 50 centipoise. Regardless of the glycol or alcohol components, the conductivity control component can be, but is not limited to, a silicon oil, an essential oil and/or a fatty acid ester. Various other aliphatic materials can be used with equal effect. In preferred embodiments, the conductivity control component is an essential oil present in an amount sufficient to provide the composition a conductivity of about 0.1 microsiemens per centimeter to about 0.2 microsiemens per centimeter.
In part, the present invention can also provide a system for electrostatic delivery of an antimicrobial material. Such a system can include (1) a disinfectant composition including a glycol component, an alcohol component and a conductivity control component; and (2) an apparatus for generating an electrostatic charge and imparting the charge to the disinfectant composition. Consistent with the broader aspects of this inventive system, such an apparatus can have an electrode conductively connected to a voltage source and a dispenser providing the disinfectant composition in sufficient proximity to the electrode to permit electrostatic charging of the disinfectant. Preferred embodiments of this system include apparatus selected from those described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,196,171 and 5,382,410, each of which is incorporated herein by reference as described below.
The glycol component of the inventive composition is delivered in an amount sufficient to provide a three-log reduction in airborne microbial levels within a time period prescribed by accepted protocols. Alternatively, such a system can be used as a prophylactic measure to keep bacterial levels low and/or within acceptable limits. The glycol component is present at solute concentrations within one or more of the alcohol components described above. Good efficacy can be achieved when the resulting disinfectant composition is electrostatically delivered at a rate of at least 0.1 grams per hour and preferably at least 0.3 g rams per hour.
As such, the present invention can also be directed to a method of using a glycol to reduce airborne microbial levels. Such a method includes (1) providing an electrostatically dispensable glycol composition; (2) charging the glycol composition with an apparatus including an electrode conductively connected to a voltage source; and (3) dispensing the charged glycol composition in an amount and at a rate sufficient to effect a three-log reduction in airborne microbial levels. As described above, the glycol composition includes an alcohol soluble glycol such as but not limited to propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol and combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments, the glycol is triethylene glycol, and the dispensation rate of the alcoholic composition is greater than about 0.1 grams per hour and preferably 0.3 grams per hour or more. Such a rate can be achieved and/or enhanced by inclusion of a conductivity control component present in an amount to provide such a preferred composition a conductivity of about 0.1 microsiemens per centimeter to about 1.0 microsiemens per centimeter.
As mentioned above, the use of glycol compositions as air disinfectants has been previously considered solely in the context of indirect heating for generation of airborne particles. Compositional viscosity is of no concern in such applications, and use of water as a preferred solvent discounts any control or limitation on the conductivity of such compositions delivered electrostatically. In fact, inhaler technologies encourage relatively high viscosity and conductivity parameters.
Contrary to the prior art compositions, the disinfectants of the present invention require compositional components imparting relatively low viscosities and/or conductivities, the combination of which provides a delivery rate which ensures sufficient reduction in airborne microbial counts. Notwithstanding optimal parameter ranges disclosed elsewhere herein, the disinfectant compositions of this invention can have viscosity (generally less than 5 cps) and conductivity (generally less than 1.0 uS/cm) parameters sufficient to provide a minimum delivery rate of about 0.1 grams of composition per hour. Lower delivery rates are problematic with regard to sufficient microbial reduction within a reasonable time and/or maintenance of such reduced levels.
The compositions of this invention can be delivered electrostatically using any one of a number of commercially-available apparatus and/or device configurations. Especially suitable apparatus are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,196,171 and 5,382,410—in particular the figures and corresponding text thereof—each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment of such a device, a high voltage DC power supply with an adjustable output (5-50 kilovolts negative) can be used to power an "electrostatic wick" assembly which is comprised of a central conductive electrode, an outer porous capillary material, and a vial, vessel, or tubular enclosure used to contain and direct the liquid disinfectant composition. If the liquid is supplied to the apparatus by the use of a tube or pipe and if there is no requirement to "wick" the liquid, then the device is referred to as a "vaporizing emitter." In both devices the main components of the wick or emitter can be summarized as an electrostatically charged, liquid-fed, semi-conductive, porous, capillary assembly.
These "wicks" and "emitters" can be fabricated from the following materials, in a variety of combinations, in order to obtain the best vapor/aerosol generation performance for the liquid composition and also the optimum air output: conductive foam, ceramic fibers, graphite fibers, porous ceramic, porous polyethylene foam, porous sintered metals (discs, tubes, spheres, and sheets of stainless steel and brass), glass wool, fiberglass braiding, graphite braiding, stainless steel braiding, class tubing, polycarbonate tubing, wood wicking, wool felts, and other materials used alone and in combination.
In a further embodiment, a high voltage, DC power supply with a fixed or adjustable output (5-50 kilovolts negative) can be used to power a "vaporizing emitter" assembly which is comprised of a nonconductive tubular support over which is placed at one end an emitter sleeve comprised of a combination of fibers interwoven in a ribbonlike configuration to form bundles of distinct capillaments longitudinally oriented and freely extending at their terminal ends beyond the end of the support tubing. The freely extending terminal ends of the capillament bundles serve as charged vapor discharge sites. Preferably, the terminal ends of the capillament bundles assume brushlike configurations of distinct bundles of fibers which, if viewed at their ends, comprise dozens or hundreds of small bristle groups.
The aforesaid fibrous assembly can be comprised primarily of nonconductive materials. Distinct conductive fibers or wires may be optionally interwoven with the nonconductive fibers to serve as an aid to the transfer of an electrostatic charge to the ends of the capillament bundles. An electrode is placed in conductive relation to the aforesaid emitter sleeve, either directly, or by way of contact with an inner sleeve which may facilitate wicking of liquid to the emitter sleeve. A selected disinfectant composition is supplied to the aforesaid assembly from tubing by way of a fluid control system incorporating a supply pump.
These charged wicks or emitters directly effect the natural vapor pressure of any liquid which is applied to them at any given temperature and atmospheric pressure by using electrostatic forces acting upon the surface tension of the liquid held within a porous mass, wicking, or emitter assembly.
Advantageously, the aforesaid emitter assembly may be supported within an air duct of the central, air handling system for a building so as to discharge conditioning, charged vapors directly into the circulating air stream. In a preferred embodiment this is done by a support conduit extending through the wall of a duct, with the conduit also beneficially serving to carry the high voltage conductor lead and a liquid supply tube directed to the emitter assembly.
Referring to the aforementioned incorporated '410 and '171 patents, together with the accompanying texts,
Each of
Using devices of the sort described above, electrostatically charged vapor and/or aerosol may be dispensed into ambient air and/or the air handling system of a building as described above to odorize by the use of essential oils or perfumes and/or to sanitize by the use of biocides such as fungicides, bactericides, fumigants, insecticides, disinfectants, and the like. In this manner, micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungus, mold, and the like present in room atmospheres or which collect in air handling and air conditioning systems, and particularly on the surfaces of ducts and air handling equipment, may be treated, neutralized and/or controlled.
The following non-limiting examples and the data illustrate various aspects and features relating to the compositions/systems and/or methods of the present invention, including the electrostatic delivery system for various disinfectant compositions described herein. In comparison with the prior art, the present methods and compositions/systems provide results and data which are surprising, unexpected and contrary to the prior art. While the utility of this invention is illustrated through use of several articles, systems and/or devices and the disinfectant compositions which can be used therewith, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that comparable results are obtainable with various other articles, systems or devices and disinfectant compositions, as are commensurate with the scope of this invention.
Various disinfectant compositions were measured to determine associated viscosity, conductivity and/or delivery rate parameters. Viscosity measurements were conducted with a Brookfield DV-III rheometer using procedures well known to those skilled in the art. Conductivity measurements were taken using a conductivity meter (Accumet Basic AV30) instrument using a two cell conductivity probe (epoxy body with a cell constant of 1.0). Delivery rates were determined with a preferred electrostatic delivery apparatus, available through In-Vironmental Integrity, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn. under the "Aromasys" trademark using standard procedures and protocols.
Initial viscosity (51.5 cps), conductivity (0.354 uS/cm) and delivery rate (−0.102 grams/hour) were determined as a point of reference for triethylene glycol, a glycol component typical of the present invention. The negative delivery rate measured represents a mass gain over the test period, presumably due to water absorption and thereby confirming the convention that such materials are unsuitable for charged electrostatic delivery.
In comparison, Examples 2-15, below, show similar determinations made for various compositions prepared using a glycol and other such components of the type described herein. (Triethylene glycol, TEG; Dipropylene glycol, DG; Butyl glycol, BG; Ethanol, EtOH; Isopropanol, IPA; Benzyl alcohol, BA; SM-96, TF-69, and RM-82—commercial fragrances).
Delivery rate, 0.708 gms/hr; viscosity 35.5 cps; and conductivity, 2.0 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.474 gms/hr; viscosity 21.8 cps; and conductivity 1.25 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.2628 gms/hr; viscosity 7.72 cps; and conductivity 0.801 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.09 gms/hr; viscosity 13 cps; and conductivity 0.275 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.3996 gms/hr; viscosity 3.46 cps; and conductivity 0.115 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.528 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.4284 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.4932 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.45 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.3972 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.4836 gms/hr.
Delivery rate, 0.675 gms/hr; viscosity, 2.91 cps; and conductivity, 2.168 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.368 gms/hr; viscosity, 7.8 cps; and conductivity, 1.355 uS/cm.
Delivery rate, 0.12 gms/hr; viscosity, 14.8 cps; and conductivity 0.915 uS/cm.
The components of this example can be formulated as follows to provide disinfectant properties of the sort described elsewhere herein.
The composition of Example 6 was tested in conjunction with a commercially-available Aromasys™ electrostatic dispenser unit. The unit was placed in a room with the temperature and humidity controlled to 25� C. and 35% RH. The room also was equipped with a Mattson-Garvin 220 slit to agar impingement sampler, which measures the number of colonies of bacteria over time. The composition of Example 6 (7.25 gm) was delivered into the room over a 26-hour period under the aforementioned temperature and humidity controlled conditions. An airborne bacterium, Micrococcus luteus was then introduced into the room. Air samples were taken after 1-2, 6-7, 11-12, 16-17, 21-22 and 26-27 minutes. In addition, a controlled room test, without introduction of any disinfectant, was conducted using the same procedure. The results are as provided in Table 1, and demonstrate the utility of the present compositions, systems and/or methods by way of statistically eliminating airborne bacteria within a reasonably limited period of time.
While the principles of this invention have been described in connection with specific embodiments, it should be understood clearly that these descriptions are added only by way of example and are not intended to limit, in any way, the scope of this invention. For instance, while benzyl alcohol can be problematic in the electrostatic delivery of certain associated glycol compositions, mixtures thereof with various other alcohol components can provide for effective delivery in conjunction with the antiseptic properties otherwise available through use of benzyl alcohol. Other advantages, features and benefits will become apparent from the claims hereinafter, with the scope of such claims as determined by the reasonable, available equivalents and as understood by those skilled in the art.
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At Waxy.org, Andy Baio has a couple of excellent posts about the Whitburn Project, an effort to catalog and preserve every pop song released since the advent of recording. Baio downloaded the project's spreadsheet, and performed some analyses of the data. Highlights of his findings:
1. A pop song's average length is becoming longer, hovering at around 4:00. (This strikes me as way too long. I generally head for the exits at 2:30.)
2. The pop charts turn over much more quickly in recent years. Prior to the mid 1990s, few songs came and went from the charts in four weeks. Since then it has happened with increasing frequency.
3. Nevertheless, fewer songs chart then in previous decades.
4. There have been more one-hit wonders in the '90s and '00s than in the '60s and '70s.
Also interesting, if not surprising: This tag cloud of the words in pop song titles reveals that two of the most frequently used words are "love" and "baby." I guess that makes the Supremes "Baby Love" the ultimate pop song.
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Eszter Balint 'Airless Midnight' (album stream) (premiere) // Music
PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.
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"PopMatters is on a short summer publishing break. We resume Monday, July 6th.READ the article


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Submit art, inspire action
Dedicate your artistic talents to fix our broken immigration system.
Art has always played an important role in social change. Movements are built around unifying symbols and creative calls to action. No matter what skill you have to offer, put it to use to help pass comprehensive immigration reform.