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Make a Difference – Help Save The World From Brian Williams Style Journalism
Get Involved… Voting is a Must, But Not Enough!
The 2014 Mid-Terms were a sign that Americans are ready for a change and 2016 will define the future of America. So get involved! No more recycles... No more Clintons or Bushs! It is time for some new blood in Washington, D.C.
Reaganesque Sarah Palin is the Key for the GOP in 2016 to both beat Hillary and nullify the Dems' 'carrot' of electing the first female U.S. President!
Run Sarah Run... America Needs You!!
- Follow askmarion on WordPress.com
Palin Power 2014 – We Are Here To Save A Country
Run Sarah Run –> Join the Palin-Cruz 2016 Movement
Real Change… Checkout:
Recent Posts
- The Council Has Spoken!! Our Watcher's Council Results
- Mark Levin: Just Because Something Offends Someone Doesn't Mean It Should Be Banned
- Our Weasel Of The Week!
- Watcher's Council Nominations – Rain-bo Edition
- Happy 4th of July 2015 – Center Piece of America's Patriotic Season
- NBC verses Trump
- Our Weasel Of The Week Nominees! 6.30.15
- Forum: Is it Time To Replace The GOP? Would You Support A New Party?
- The Council Has Spoken!! Our Watcher's Council Results – 06.26.15
- Weasel Of The Week – 06.25.15
- Our Watcher's Council Nominations – False Flag Edition
- Our Weasel Of The Week Nominees! – 06.23.15
- Rafael's Story – Ted Cruz's Father's Day Tribute
- Forum: What Are Some Of Your Favorite Jokes?
- Russia – The Horseman of War
- Happy Father's Day 2015 – Dad: Are You Part of "The Great Conversation"?
- The Council Has Spoken!! Our Watcher's Council – 06.19.15
- Trump… The Wild Card to Beat?
- Watcher's Council Nominations – Blaxploitation Issue
- Please Join Us in A Much Needed Prayer
- Our Weasel Of The Week Nominees!! – 06-16-15
- Forum: What Is Your Reaction To The Defeat of ObamaTrade?
- Smartest Dog In the World, Chaser – 60 Minutes With Anderson Cooper
- Obama's Marxist Social and Demographic Engineering of America
- ObamaTrade Dies In The House!!
- Flag Day 2015
Past Posts
Monthly Archives: May 2012
Michelle Malkin: Yes, Michelle Obama is fair game
Who will vet the First Lady? It's Michelle vs. Michelle, Round 2… Michelle Obama's "Civilian" Act Is Hard To Swallow by Michelle Malkin – author of Culture of Corruption Creators Syndicate Copyright 2012 The first lady of the United … Continue reading
Posted in Books, Knowledge Is Power, News and politics, Politics, Wake Up, Watch the Other Hand Tagged CFR, Michelle Malkin, Michelle Obama 2 Comments
The Team that Got Bin Laden… If You Heard Obama's speech
Technorati Tags: President Obama,Osama Bin Laden,taking credit,Obamaland,humor,politics,BHO,arrogance,you be the judge,photos
Autism Assistance Dogs
Autism Assistance Dogs are trained for children and families living with autism. The rise in autism rates is staggering. The evolution of programs geared toward successfully integrating children with autism into routine daily activities includes Autism Assistance Dogs. Autism Assistance … Continue reading
Watcher's Council Nominations – Post Memorial Day Edition
Watcher's Council Nominations – Post Memorial Day Edition JoshuaPundit on May 30 2012 People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf. – George Orwell Welcome to the Watcher's … Continue reading
Posted in Books, Family and Friends, Holidays, Knowledge Is Power, News and politics, Watch the Other Hand Tagged bloggers, blogosphere, collection of articles, collections of articles, heritage, holidays, knowledge, Memorial Day, news, news articles, news nuggets, sharing, stop the dumbing down of America, teach your children values, Watcher's Council Leave a comment
Romney Wins Texas and Clinches GOP Nomination
Mitt Romney clinched the Republican presidential nomination last night (Tuesday) with a win in the Texas primary, officially garnering the 1,144 delegates needed to claim the Republican presidential nomination. It was a triumph of endurance for the candidate who came … Continue reading
New Live Action video shows Planned Parenthood encouraging gender-selective abortion, Medicaid fraud
Hot Air – posted at 8:41 am on May 29, 2012 by Ed Morrissey: Want to see a real war on women? Not one defined by the opposition to the imposition of a Hubby State and subsidies, but one in … Continue reading
Posted in Family and Friends, Health and wellness, Knowledge Is Power, News and politics, Religion and Faith, Wake Up, Watch the Other Hand Tagged abortion, abortion clinics, abortions, Catholics, Christians, fraud, gendercide, Medicaid, Planned Parenthood, sex selection, sex-selective abortion, the real war on woman, values 5 Comments
Breaking… Blogger Aaron Walker Arrested after Maryland Hearing on Kimberlin Case – Updated
By: Andrea Shea King - The Radio Patriot Top Item at Memeorandum: Important Video: J. Christian Adams Talks To Tony Katz How Citizens Can End "SWATting" Robert Stacy McCain / The Other McCain: REPORT: Aaron Walker Arrested After Maryland Hearing … Continue reading
Posted in Freedom, Knowledge Is Power, Politics, Wake Up, Watch the Other Hand Tagged Aaron Walker, asshats, bias liberal media, bloggers, blogosphere, Breitbart, Freedom of the Press, Glenn Beck, Knowledge Is Power, Michelle Malkin, politics, Progressives, Stacy McCain, stand together, stand-up, SWATing, terrorists, the Blaze, Watch the Other Hand|Tagged alternative media 7 Comments


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The process of buying a new Honda car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Honda car dealerships in and around Levittown, Pennsylvania. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Honda car dealers in Levittown, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Former Taliban militants line up with their weapons to attend in a joining ceremony with the Afghan government in Mehterlam, Laghman province, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, March 12, 2012. About 200 former Taliban militants from Laghman province handed over their weapons as part of a peace-reconciliation program. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)
Investigators look over the scene of a fatal bus crash on the southeast side of Indianapolis, Monday, March 12, 2012. The driver and one student were killed and two other critically injured. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy)
Bolivian coca growers chew coca leaves during the so-called "National day of coca leaf-chewing" in La Paz, Bolivia, Monday March 12, 2012. Bolivia held a national campaign in defense of chewing the coca leaf, known locally as "acullico," parallel to a request for the legalization of this practice which Bolivia's President Evo Morales will make at a UN meeting in Vienna, Austria. (AP Photo/Juan Karita)
A Volkswagen New Beetle car is lifted inside a delivery tower after the company's annual press conference in Wolfsburg, Germany, Monday, March 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Michael Sohn)
An Indian elderly man carries bamboo baskets for sale on the outskirts of Agartala, India, Monday, March 12, 2012. Bamboo baskets are used for storage at the end of harvesting period. (AP Photo/Sushatna Das)
Young Indians splash water on bikers on the last day of Yaoshang, or the Holi festival celebrations, in Imphal, India, Monday, March 12, 2012. Holi, the Hindu festival of colors, also heralds the coming of spring. (AP Photo/Bullu Raj)
A bird approaches to collect nectar as flowers bloom marking the arrival of spring season in Agartala, India, Monday, March 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Sushanta Das)
Pakistani women carry pots as they walk home after getting drinking water on the outskirts of Islamabad, Pakistan on Monday, March 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Anjum Naveed)
A Pakistani boy carries a child for to recieve polio drops in the suburbs of Lahore, Pakistan on Monday, March 12, 2012. Pakistani officials vow to eradicate polio by the end of 2012. Polio remains endemic in four countries – Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan . (AP Photo/K.M.Chaudary)
Philadelphia Phillies shortstop Jimmy Rollins throws before the Phillies spring training baseball game against the Pittsburgh Pirates at McKechnie Field in Bradenton, Fla., Monday, March 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Signal: Every Third Thursday - Fish out of water - surf snowboard
A Snowboarding video by signalsnowboards - 23,195 views
Happy New Year and Happy New ETT! This month we find ourselves floating out an entirely new concept as we work with friends to build something totally unique for barrels and backcountry! So cutback on your workload for nine minutes and press play! Dropping into this episode will make your day! signalsnowboards.com
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The Observation Deck
A blog of opinions on local, state and national issues
Did GOP pull a fast one with flag?
Charles D. Ellison, writing for The Hill, looks behind the curtain on the Republican Party's sudden about-face on the Confederate flag. "Don't let hastily announced pressers and momentary Kumbaya in the wake of last week's horrific Charleston, S.C. terrorist attack fool you," he writes and goes on to give five reasons why the shift isn't […] [Read More]
Auto registration begets poor voters
A recent editorial advocated for automatic voter registration for a person who turns 18, supposedly to counter the normal dismal turnout of voters at election time, and to encourage participation in our democratic process ("This is our right, right?" June 22). While being a lofty goal, it is also very problematic. Currently, when one registers […] [Read More]
Labeling marriage an untenable plan
I read with great interest Professor John Mackiewicz's commentary ("Marriage: Equal yet different," June 19) regarding same sex marriage. The premise in my colleague and friend's argument is basically that opposite sex couples reproduce, pass their genes to offspring, create biological family trees and affect evolution. He further argues that these marriages are, therefore, inherently […] [Read More]
Again, Obamacare endures
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the case of King v. Burwell is a victory of common sense over poor copy editing. In a 6-3 ruling, the majority last week ruled that it was legal under the federal Affordable Care Act to provide tax subsidies in almost three dozen states that have decided not to […] [Read More]
There is healing power in running
I would like to thank Jennifer Gish for having the vision for STEM, "Strong Through Every Mile," June 11, which has brought so much to the women mentored through the program as well as to the volunteers who help them achieve their goal. When I first became involved with STEM, I could never have imagined […] [Read More]
Design the casino in Stockade style
A meeting was held June 17 at City Hall in Schenectady for the Planning Commission and Rush Street Gaming to discuss the design of the Rivers Casino and Resort at Mohawk Harbor. That followed two closed meetings in which the commission avoided having a quorum, therefore allowing themselves to keep the public out. Rush Street […] [Read More]
Now the law of the land
The U.S. Constitution guarantees gay and lesbian couples the same fundamental right to marry as heterosexual couples. This historic affirmation Friday by the Supreme Court strikes down laws prohibiting same-sex marriages in the 13 states where it was still banned. Already the action is being compared to the Supreme Court's landmark Brown vs. the Board […] [Read More]
Collaborate on drug management
I read with interest Maureen Ledden Rossi's commentary "Rx can lead to addiction," June 15. The piece focused on a bill in the Assembly (A355) requiring "doctors to receive three hours of training biennially on palliative care, pain management and addiction." Although it is true that opioids have been overprescribed, three hours of education biennially […] [Read More]
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Add to EJ Playlist Flashdance - Maniac
Add to EJ Playlist Souvenirs, souvenirs...
Lesley Jane - Rocking with my radio
Add to EJ Playlist Mega Funk
Add to EJ Playlist The best disco song.
You mean I've been dancin' on the floor darlin'
And I feel like I need some more and I
Feel your body close to mine and I
Move on love it's about that time
Make me feel - mighty real
Make me feel - mighty real
You make me feel mighty real
You make me feel mighty real
When we get home darlin' and it's
Nice and dark and the music's in Vienna
Still your hot and you kiss me back and it
Feels real good and I know you love me
Like you should
Oh you make me feel mighty real
You make me feel mighty real
Make me feel - mighty real
Make me feel - mighty real
Make me feel - mighty real
Make me feel - mighty real
I feel real..
I feel real..
You make me feel mighty real
You make me feel mighty real
Oh you make me feel mighty real
You make me feel mighty real
Add to EJ Playlist http://www.patr icerushen.com
From the 1982 Straight From The Heart
Rushen was born in Los Angeles, California on September 30, 1954, the eldest of two daughters born to her father and the former Ruth Harris. She demonstrated her musical potential at a young age; she was regarded as a child prodigy. In her teens, she won the prestigious 1972 Monterey Jazz Festival. She earned her degree in music from the University of Southern California. As a mature woman, she became a jazz master and top musical director.
Due to her musical talents, Rushen has made many ground-breaking achievements. She became the first woman to serve as head composer/musica l director for the Grammy Awards and the Emmy Awards, the first woman to serve as musical director for the NAACP Image Awards broadcast, an honor she held for twelve consecutive years. Rushen has been the only woman to be a musical director/compos er for the People's Choice Awards, HBO's Comic Relief and the only woman musical director/conduc tor/arranger for a late-night television talk show, The Midnight Hour which aired on CBS.
In addition, Rushen was named musical director/compos er for Newsweek's first American Achievement Awards, broadcast on CBS from the Kennedy Center and she served as the musical director for Janet Jackson's World Tour, "janet."
In 2008, Rushen accepted a professorship at the prestigious Berklee College of Music, in Boston. The course is Patrice Rushen: The Value of Music Education.
She also continues to play keyboard and has played in the tour bands of Lee Ritenour and Wayne Shorter in recent years.
[edit] Solo career
Rushen has also achieved great success as a singer. A classically trained pianist, Rushen has spent great deal of time channeling her skills towards making great music. Winning a competition at the 1972 Monterey Jazz Festival put Patrice into the spotlight. The attention garnered from this earned her a contract with Prestige Records in 1973.
After recording three albums and becoming an in-demand session player, including with artists such as Jean-Luc Ponty, Rushen signed with Elektra Records in 1978. Forging an engaging jazz/R&B/funk fusion, this fresh mixture of styles gave her great success with a string of Top Ten R&B hits, including "Haven't You Heard," "Forget Me Nots," "Feels So Real," "Watch Out," "You Remind Me," and "Never Gonna Give You Up" from her first five albums (Patrice, Pizzazz, Posh, Straight From the Heart, and Now). Rushen also performed her single I Need Your Love on the hit show Soul Train in 1981. She also penned the opening theme for The Steve Harvey Show. Her mentor and friend is Quincy Jones. Rushen also plays multiple instruments including flute, piano, percussion, and clarinet.
ASCAP Songwriter's Award, 1988; USC Black Student Assembly, Legacy of Excellence Award, 1992; Crystal Award, American Women in Film, 1994; AS CAP Award, Most Performed Song in Motion Pictures for 1997 for "Men in Black," 1998.
Add to EJ Playlist LIKE: http://www.face book.com/mcmacm ix
=============== =============== ============== ==
Anita Ward's single released in 1979 by TK Records.
Add to EJ Playlist CLICK TO DOWNLOAD
http://bit.ly/1 gHO92T
Indeep Last Night A DJ Saved My Life
© 1982 Unidisc Music Group
Follow on Twitter! http://twitter. com/UnidiscMusi c
Become a Fan On Facebook CLICK http://bit.ly/a ybWug
Hailing from New York, the dance-disco outfit Indeep scored a massive hit in 1983 with "Last Night a DJ Saved My Life." Led by songwriter Michael Cleveland, the band issued a full-length album under the same title shortly thereafter, but with the disco movement almost extinct by this time (and with the emergence of such styles as rap), Indeep subsequently had a tough time following up their smash and were delegated to "one-hit wonder" status. The act continued recording into the mid-'80s, and issued a few quickly forgotten albums: When Boys Talk, Buffalo Bill, and The Record Keeps Spinning. But the group's lone hit has become a dancefloor classic over the years, and 1991 saw the release of the 23-track best-of set, The Collection.
Add to EJ Playlist Please enjoy!
Add to EJ Playlist FYI: We had an Converting Problem so the Output is not really HD Quality. But the Sound is still HQ.
1'000'000 Views wow... :D
Let this groove, get you to move,
it's alright, alright
let this groove, set in your shoes,
stand up, alright
Gonna tell you what you can do,
with my love, alright
Let you know girl you're looking good
you're out of sight and alright
Move yourself and glide like a 747
loos yourself in the sky among the clouds in the heavens
Let this groove, light up your fuse, alright
Let this groove, set in your shoes
stand up, alright
Let me tell you what you can do
with my love, alright
Gotta let you know girl you're looking good
you're out of sight, you're alright
Tell the DJ to play your favorite tune
then you know it's okay
What you found is happiness, now
Let this groove, get you to move, alright
Let this groove set in your shoes
stand up, alright
You will find peace of mind on the floor
Take a little time, come and see, you and me
make a little sign, I'll be there after a while
if you want my love
We can boogie on down, down, down, down
Let's groove tonight
share the spice of life
baby slice it right
we're gonna groove tonight
Add to EJ Playlist Ottawan at German TV SAT1.
Add to EJ Playlist Un petit retour nostalgique sur les publicités des années 80,avec les stars de la Pub
Add to EJ Playlist 80's hits
Add to EJ Playlist Succès de 1989 pour Corinne Hermès "Dessine-moi" qui lui portera chance puisqu'en 1990, elle remportera une victoire de la musique dans la catégorie "révélation féminine de l'année".
Une révélation qui, malgré tout, avait déjà fait ses preuves puisqu'elle fut la gagnante de l'Eurovison en 1983...
Add to EJ Playlist Magnifique chanson.
Add to EJ Playlist -1980- Full vinyl 12" absolute classic.
Add to EJ Playlist From Album Give Me The Night (1980) by Migno65
Add to EJ Playlist sex machine james brown
Add to EJ Playlist This was a-ha's second hit record, and the first #1 in the UK.
The original version made #20 on the US charts, the highest charting since "Take On Me" was #1.
The original video for this song was set in an abandoned cathedral. Actually, the building had never properly been used as such. It is located in London, England.
This is the only song a-ha has ever re-released as a live recording, and it was the only single from the live album to be released.
A-ha performed this song as a part of their comeback at the Nobel Peace Prize concert in 1998 along with a new song, "Summer Moved On."
Paul: "… we wrote 'The Sun Always Shines On T.V.', that Andrew Wickham's secretary felt was a hit. She convinced him to make room for it. When we recorded it, we were really sick with influenza. Magne and Morten were lying in the studio on camping beds with high fevers."
The Sun Always Shines On TV
Add to EJ Playlist Fourth single from Den Harrow and one of his greatest hits. This was the first of many performed by the voice of Tom Hooker. An original release by Baby Records.
Add to EJ Playlist
Add to EJ Playlist Italo-Disco 1985
Add to EJ Playlist One of my all-time favs!
Koto is an Italian synth pop group that originally consisted of Anfrando Maiola and Stefano Cundari. Their most popular songs were "Visitors", "Dragon's Legend", "Chinese Revenge" and "Jabdah", released in 1983-1988. Koto is often associated with a genre of music called Spacesynth, a music style streamed from Space Disco. Unfortunately, it has been reported that Stefano Cundari died some time between 1991 and 1992 from a brain tumor.
Anfrando Maiola and Stefano Cundari helped to form Memory Records, an Italian record company which specialised in mainly Italo Disco releases. Koto's "Chinese Revenge" was the first record to be released on the Memory label. It sold over 10,000 copies in Italy alone.
Both artists also helped to write, mix, and produce for a range of other artists signed to the Memory Records label, including "Challenger" and "Happy Song" for the band Baby's Gang. Stefano Cundari is also known for his participation in the group "Hipnosis" from 1982-1987. Following their successful debut with "Chinese Revenge" both Maiola and Cundari helped remix the Vangelis track "Pulstar" for Hipnosis. Their remix of Pulstar reportedly sold over 200,000 copies worldwide.
By 1986 the mood of the record buying public was starting to change. House Music was becoming increasingly popular, and the demand for Italo Disco tracks appeared to be in decline. Memory Records, along with other Italo record companies of the time, started to suffer financially. Although attempts were made to respond to the changes by releasing House Music and Eurobeat tracks, the change was not successful and Memory Records went out of business.
In 1989, the German record label ZYX Music bought the rights to the entire Memory Records catalog, including the "Koto" name and recordings. They then brought in Dutch record producer Michiel van der Kuy to re-record and remix some of the old Koto tracks. He then released several other albums under the alias "Koto" in which he remixed science fiction movie themes and other songs, like "Koto Plays Synthesizer World Hits" and "Koto Plays Science-Fiction Movie Themes". Michiel van der Kuy is also a member of the group Laserdance and producer for the likes of Alice DeeJay.
In recent years, Anfrando Maiola won back the rights to the "Koto" name and continues to produce music under this name. His latest tracks were: "Koto Is Still Alive" (2001) and "Blow The Whistle" (2003).
Koto was a one man project driven by Anfrando Maiola. Stefano Cundari was part of the producer team Zanni & Cundari, producing most likely all music for the record label Memory Records. Anfrando wrote the music, Zanni & Cundari produced it......
(Extracted from the Wikipedia)
For further info, please refer to http://www.mysp ace.com/kotomai ola
Add to EJ Playlist Beverly Hills Cop Soundtrack
(Axel F - Harold Faltermeyer)
Completely original and proper sound quality.
Add to EJ Playlist 3rd song
Add to EJ Playlist Cerrone - Supernature (Official Video)
Original Video for Cerrone - Supernature (1977)
on iTunes : http://itunes.a pple.com/fr/alb um/supernature- cerrone-iii/id3 04636208
(P) & (C) Malligator Productions
Add to EJ Playlist 1982
Add to EJ Playlist Wot
Add to EJ Playlist Single cover
Add to EJ Playlist 1985
Add to EJ Playlist Chagrin d'amour : le joli duo Grégory Ken / Valli Kligerman. Un seul tube, sorti en 1982, et quel tube, parfois considéré comme le premier titre de rap français. La qualité du son est ici inversement proportionnelle à celle de l'image. Mais ça fait quand même bien plaisir de se revoir ça. R.I.P. Grégory.


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I'll have to tell my broker to buy some shares in Omar The Tent Maker Inc.
Rethinking the obesity epidemic
Associated Press
Almost a third of the world population is now fat, and no country has been able to curb obesity rates in the past three decades, according to a new global analysis released Thursday.
Studies show it may be a combination of low-cost food and genetics that is making people obese. »Read Full Article


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2008 Mercedes-Benz R320 CDI Q&A
2008 Mercedes-Benz R320 CDI Question: Transmission shifting rough, does mercedes have a repair for it?
Car has had the transmission software flashed several times. seems to work for a short time. main problem is 3 to 2 and 2 to 1. 2 to 1 is the hardest downshift. Generally the transmission shifting seems erractic, slow and generally very disappointing. i have ehard that mercedes has a repair for the problem but doesn't tell the customer that it is available. - jwratts
0 Answers
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Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee July 12, NAB president and CEO Edward Fritts told Congress that the broadcast has done its part to set the table for a hard date for analog switch-off. Now it's up to lawmakers to protect viewers.
"Broadcasters accept that Congress will implement a 2009 hard date for the end of analog broadcasts," he said. However, for viewers to enjoy the benefits of "a fully developed system of free, local digital television" requires Congress to act, he said.
Pointing to multicasting as an example of how consumers can benefit from digital broadcasts, Fritts gave lawmakers specific examples. WDBJ in Roanoke, VA, broadcasts CBS HDTV programming and through multicasting offers extended coverage of news, ACC sports and Virginia Tech football games, he said.
However, cable operators are stunting the full growth of multicasting. They "refuse to provide these services to their subscribers," he said. Full development of multcasting services will be difficult "if cable monopolies strip these free services," he added.
The Commerce Committee also heard from Kyle McSlarrow, president and CEO of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association, who saw things differently. In his testimony McSlarrow said broadcasters are seeking "carriage of both an analog and a digital version of the same signal."
"But dual must carry — and multicast must carry, another one of the broadcasters' proposals — will do nothing to forward the digital transition and harms consumers, cable operators, and cable programmers alike," he said.
Such dual carriage will harm consumers by slowing deployment of other cable services, such as "100+ megabits per second Internet access, VoIP telephone service, and digital programming tiers."
For more information, visit www.nab.org and www.ncta.com.
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North Metro Television Goes Wireless with Comrex LiveShot
Spectra Logic and HauteSpot Networks Introduce Body-Worn Camera Video Surveillance Solution
Huge Ultra HD Display Lights Up Times Square


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Earn Extra Income with AVON - Work From Home - Immediate Start - Brochures
What a great time to join Avon - fantastic benefits for yourself and full support from a friendly local team. Avon Representatives benefit from - • Up to 25% discount off sales. • Fantastic discounts on your own products. • No cash outlay to st
- Permanent


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How I do - Skirts by rika-donoWatch
©2012-2015 rika-dono
Hope it'll help u.
wow this is great! artwork like this is what i wish to see in dA, awesome
instead of some people reuploading others artwork from somewhere else and don't even giving any source link, that is sad
instead of some people reuploading others artwork from somewhere else and don't even giving any source link, that is sad
Very good!
-- Great !!
nice tutorial
Really really REALLY hepful, skirt are so hard to draw accurate! Thank you!
These are great!
thank you////
so helpful
so helpful
This will hopefully help me on drawing skirts. ^^
This is great, thank you
This is very helpful thank you for sharing.
this ddnt help me at all other than to draw the same..i tried to follow it like draw this then that then this before realizing it is just a bunch of skirts :/
Your tutorials are so great!
-Dina S.
I LOVE THIS! Thi is so helpful I could cry! Ive been looking for dsomething like this for ages
this could definitely come in handy.
Thank you, I needed this!
this is helpful, thanks!
Ho, I love skirt all lot.
Oh, awesome!
I was looking for something like that! Thank you
thanks :3
amazing thanx,... this helps alot...
Nice! TY!
T^T Thank you!
thanks!this helps a lot x)
I have so many issues when drawing Skirts, thank you so much.
Wow, this helps me a lot!
I can't draw skirts /:
I can't draw skirts /:
This is perfect!
this is very helpful thank you! you're a wonderful artist by the way.
Yeah...expect tak'n a peek
very nice work !!!
Thank you
Very useful! Clothes are the bane of my existence. Thanks!
Thank you. It's useful.
Très pratique. Ce genre de ressource manque
woah thanks x3
This is so simple it's perfect! Thanks for sharing C:
Excelent references
Thanks a lot
Thanks a lot
nice archieve!
Thank you! I always had trouble drawing skirts.
Oh dear goodness this is so frikkin helpful. I never know how to draw the movement of skirts or how to draw them when the character is sitting down. Thank you so much!!!!


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La Cuvée Mythique 2012
New world-style red that was the first Languedoc wine to get 90 Parker points!
La Gioiosa Prosecco Treviso Frizzante
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Joven-style Spanish red that offers good value, unfussy drinking.
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Cool, crisp and refreshing white Rioja - perfect summertime tipple!
Langmeil 'The Freedom 1843' Shiraz 2009
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Affable blend of biodynamic Bordeaux and southern grapes - try with smoked duck.
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Soft and juicy example of Grenache, a widely-planted and unique grape that has gained in popularity ...


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KAL, Bone Meal, 1000 mg, 300 Tablets (Discontinued Item)
By KAL2 Reviews
Shipping Weight:?1.01 lbs (0.46 kg)
Shipping Weight
The Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: CAL-55147
- UPC Code: 021245551478
- Package Quantity: 300 Tablets
- Dimensions: 2.8 x 2.8 x 5.2 in, 0.85 lbs (0.39 kg)
Product Overview
- Innovative Quality Since 1932
- Dietary Supplement
- 4 Daily
- 1000 mg Calcium
- Natural Source
- Clear Quality
Kal Bone Meal with Vitamin D-3 is intended to provide nutritive support for normal, healthy bones, teeth, nerve and muscle function.
Suggested Use
Use only as directed. Take 4 tablets daily with a meal or glass of water.
ActivTab technology guarantees tablet disintegration within 30 minutes according to USP standards.
Other Ingredients
Cellulose, acacia, stearic acid, silica and magnesium stearate.
KAL guarantees that no ingredients other than those listed on this label have been added to this product.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children. Keep your licensed health care practitioner informed when using this product. Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under six. In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control center immediately.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 4 Tablets
|Servings Per Container: 75
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|Total Carbohydrate
|1 g
|Dietary Fiber
|1 g
|Vitamin D (as Cholecalciferol) (D-3)
|Vitamin K (as Phylloquinone)
|40 mcg
|Calcium (as Bone Meal)
|1000 mg
|Iron (as Iron Fumarate)
|1.8 mg
|Phosphorus (as Bone Meal)
|400 mg
|Magnesium (as Bone Meal, Magnesium Gluconate)
|11 mg
|Zinc (as Zinc Gluconate)
|80 mcg
|Copper (as Copper Gluconate)
|13 mcg
|Manganese (as Manganese Gluconate)
|11 mcg
†Percent Daily Value based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
iHerb Customer Reviews
Used to have back ache but when I took KAL Bone meal after three weeks it's gone. I understand it strengthens the bone marrow and all. I love it seay to swallow. Better than the powder form.
This product has been working fine for me since I do not drink milk


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Are you Ozgür Devrim Can?Claim your profile
Publications (13)28.93 Total impact
- SourceAvailable from: Filippo Maggi
Article: Central Nervous System Activities of Hypericum origanifolium Extract via GABAergic and Opioidergic Mechanisms.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pharmacological effects of hydroalcoholic extract prepared from Hypericum origanifolium Willd. (Guttiferae) on behavioral parameters and pain perceptions of mice were investigated in this study. Depression, anxiety, spontaneous locomotor activity, and motor coordination parameters of mice were assessed by modified forced swimming, hole board, activity cage, and rota-rod tests, respectively. In addition, antinociceptive effect was evaluated by performing hot-plate, tail-clip, and formalin tests. Reboxetine (20 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), and morphine (10 mg/kg) were used as reference antidepressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic drugs, respectively. Phytochemical analyses exhibited that chlorogenic acid (2317.12 ppm) and rutin (2108.79 ppm) were the main phenolic compounds in the H. origanifolium extract. The extract (50, 100, and 250 mg/kg) induced significant antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antinociceptive activities following the acute administrations. Anxiolytic effect was antagonized by flumazenil (a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment, which indicated the participation of GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex in the activity. Moreover, centrally and peripherally mediated antinociception reversed by naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment, indicating the involvement of opioid system in the pharmacological action. These findings are the first to indicate the pharmacological effects of the H. origanifolium extract on the emotional state and pain perceptions of mice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Phytotherapy Research 06/2013; 27(6):877-884. DOI:10.1002/ptr.4801 · 2.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we determined the potential anti-nociceptive activity of vitexin, a C-glycosylated flavone, by conducting some acute nociceptive tests in mice. Centrally mediated anti-nociceptive effect was evaluated by hot-plate and tail-clip tests, whereas peripherally mediated anti-nociception was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing tests. Rota-rod test was performed to evaluate the probable effect of vitexin on the motor coordination of mice. Vitexin administered orally at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg significantly increased the reaction times of animals in the hot-plate and tail-clip tests and reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes and stretches in writhing tests, which clearly indicated the presence of the anti-nociceptive effect. This effect disappeared by pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, 5.48 mg/kg, i.p), which indicated the involvement of opioid mechanisms in anti-nociception. We evaluated the contribution of mu, delta, and kappa subtypes of opioid receptors to the anti-nociceptive activity by using naloxonazine (7 mg/kg, s.c), naltrindole (0.99 mg/kg, i.p), and nor-binaltorphimine (1.03 mg/kg, i.p), respectively. Pretreatment using these antagonists reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of vitexin in all the nociceptive tests, which indicated that mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors contributed to the anti-nociceptive effect of this flavonoid. Falling latencies of mice in the Rota-rod test did not change upon the administration of vitexin, which indicated that vitexin showed specific anti-nociceptive effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on centrally and peripherally mediated anti-nociceptive effect of vitexin via opioid-related mechanisms.Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 04/2013; DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.014 · 2.82 Impact Factor
Article: Synthesis of new 1-phenyl-2-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-propanol derivatives and evaluation of their antidepressant-like effects.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we synthesized eight novel 1-phenyl-2-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-propanol derivatives and evaluated their antidepressant-like activities. The chemical structures of the synthesised compounds were elucidated by spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Potential antidepressant-like effects of the test compounds (20 mg kg(-1)) were investigated using the tail-suspension test and modified forced swimming test (MFST) in mice. Additionally, the spontaneous locomotor activity of the mice was assessed using the activity cage apparatus. Both the reference drug fluoxetine (20 mg kg(-1)) and the test compounds 3a-3e and 3g significantly shortened the immobility time of the mice in both the behavioural tests. These test compounds also increased the swimming time in MFST without any change in the climbing duration. Compounds 3c-3e and 3g were significantly more potent in inducing these effects than 3a and 3b. None of the compounds changed the locomotor activities of the animals, thus antidepressant-like effects of test compounds were specific. The findings support those of previous studies that reported antidepressant-like activities of aryl alkanol piperazine derivatives.Archives of Pharmacal Research 04/2013; 36(7). DOI:10.1007/s12272-013-0119-1 · 1.75 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of Hypericum montbretti Extract on the Central Nervous System and Involvement of GABA (A)/Benzodiazepine Receptors in its Pharmacological Activity[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to investigate the putative activity of a methanol extract of Hypericum montbretti (Guttiferae) on the central nervous system. Rutin (1519 ppm) and quercitrin (784 ppm) were identified as the major phenolic compounds in the extract. When administered at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses, the extract decreased the total number of head-dipping behaviours performed by mice during a hole-board test. Administration of both the extract and diazepam (2 mg/kg) reduced spontaneous locomotory activity, potentiated hexobarbital (60 mg/kg)-induced sleeping parameters and prevented pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg)-induced seizures relative to the controls. These findings are the first to indicate the sedative and anticonvulsant activities of H. montbretti extract. Atropine (2 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 mg/kg) pre-treatment did not reverse the sedative effect, indicating that muscarinic and opioidergic mechanisms did not contribute to the pharmacological action. However, pre-treatment with flumazenil (a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) reversed both the sedative and anticonvulsant effects induced by a 100 mg/kg dose of the extract, indicating the involvement of the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex. In conclusion, H. montbretti extract is a novel candidate as a sedative and anticonvulsant drug for the treatment of sleep disorders and for the prevention of epileptic seizures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Phytotherapy Research 11/2012; 26(11):1695-700. DOI:10.1002/ptr.4629 · 2.40 Impact Factor
Article: Anti-depressant-like effect of vitexin in BALB/c mice and evidence for the involvement of monoaminergic mechanisms[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to investigate the putative effect of vitexin, a flavone C-glucoside present in some drugs, medicinal plants and nutraceuticals, on the central nervous system. Vitexin (10, 20, or 30mg/kg) did not show significant alterations in the behaviour of mice tested in hole-board, plus-maze or activity cage tests. However, immobility time of the mice significantly reduced by vitexin administrations in both the tail-suspension and modified forced swimming tests. The anti-immobility effect of vitexin in the tail-suspension test was reversed with α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester (AMPT, an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis, 100mg/kg, i.p.), yohimbine (an α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 1mg/kg, i.p.), NAN 190 (a 5-HT(1)(A) antagonist, 0.5mg/kg, i.p.), SCH 23390 (a dopamine D(1) antagonist, 0.05mg/kg, s.c.) and sulpiride (a dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist, 50mg/kg, i.p.). The same effect was not reversed, however, by p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA; an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis 100mg/kg, i.p., administered for 4 consecutive days), ketanserin (a 5-HT(2)(A/2C) antagonist, 1-4mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (a 5-HT(3) antagonist, 0.1-0.4mg/kg, i.p.), prazosin (an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 1-4mg/kg, i.p.), or propranolol (a non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist, 5-20mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that the anti-depressant-like effect of vitexin is mediated through an increase in catecholamine levels in the synaptic cleft as well as through interactions with the serotonergic 5-HT(1)(A), noradrenergic α(2), and dopaminergic D(1), D(2), and D(3) receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show findings that indicate an anti-depressant-like effect of vitexin and its underlying mechanisms.European journal of pharmacology 10/2012; 699(1-3). DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.017 · 2.68 Impact Factor
Article: Effect of benzothiazole/piperazine derivatives on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: In this study, benzothiazole-piperazine compounds were synthesized by condensing the functional groups of donepezil (DNP), FK-960, and sabeluzole, which are known to have therapeutic potential against Alzheimer's disease, with the aim of obtaining new and potent anti-Alzheimer agents. Methods: Initially, acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized test compounds were investigated by Ellman's method. Effects of the compounds on a streptozotocin (STZ) model of Alzheimer's disease (SMAD) were investigated in rats. SMAD was established by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of STZ (3 mg/kg), bilaterally. The elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and active avoidance tests were used to examine the effects of test compounds (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) on learning and memory parameters of icv STZ-injected rats. Effects of the test compounds on spontaneous locomotor activities of rats were examined with the activity cage test. Results: The compounds B2-B5 and DNP exhibited significant selective inhibitory potencies against acetylcholinesterase. Compounds B2 and B3 at 10 mg/kg doses and compounds B4 and B5 at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, as well as the reference drug DNP (1 and 3 mg/kg), significantly improved the learning and memory parameters of animals in all cognition tests. None of the test compounds changed spontaneous locomotor activities. Conclusion: Results of the present study revealed that compounds B2-B5 repaired the parameters related to the learning and memory deficits of icv STZ-injected rats. Potencies of these test compounds were comparable to the activity of DNP.Pharmacological reports: PR 07/2012; 64(4):834-47. DOI:10.1016/S1734-1140(12)70878-2 · 2.17 Impact Factor
Article: Synthesis of thiadiazole derivatives bearing hydrazone moieties and evaluation of their pharmacological effects on anxiety, depression, and nociception parameters in mice.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Novel thiadiazole derivatives bearing hydrazone moieties were synthesized through the reaction of 2-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)]acetohydrazide with aldehydes/ketones. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, MS-FAB spectral data, and elemental analyses. Behavioral effects of the test compounds in mice were examined by hole-board, activity cage, tail suspension and modified forced swimming tests (MFST). Antinociceptive activities were evaluated using the hot-plate and tail-clip methods. Results of the experiments indicated that the test compounds did not significantly change the exploratory behaviors or locomotor activities of animals in the hole-board and activity cage tests, respectively. Administration of the reference drug fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3j, 3k, and 3l significantly shortened the immobility times of animals in the tail suspension and MFST tests, indicating the antidepressant-like effects of these derivatives. Morphine (10 mg/kg) and compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3j, 3k, and 3l increased the reaction times of mice in both the hot-plate and tail-clip tests, indicating the antinociceptive effects of these compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of central nervous system activities of chemical compounds carrying thiadiazole and hydrazone moieties together on their structures.Archives of Pharmacal Research 03/2012; 35(4):659-69. DOI:10.1007/s12272-012-0410-6 · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, the effect of Matricaria recutita L. essential oil (MEO) on the central nervous system (CNS) of mice was investigated using some behavioral methods. Chemical profiling both by GC and GC-MS analyses of the hydrodistilled essential oil of M. recutita revealed α-bisabolol oxide A (28%), α-bisabolol oxide B (17.1%), (Z)-β-Farnesene (15.9%) and α-bisabolol (6.8%) as the main components. Changes induced by MEO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and reference drug caffeine (25 mg/kg) in spontaneous locomotor activities and motor coordinations of mice were investigated by activity cage measurements and Rota-Rod tests, respectively. Open field, social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests were applied to assess the emotional state of the animals. Further, tail-suspension test was performed for evaluating the effect of MEO on depression levels of mice. As a result, at 50 and 100 mg/kg, MEO significantly increased the numbers of spontaneous locomotor activities, exhibited anxiogenic effect in the open field, elevated plus-maze and social interaction tests and decreased the immobility times of animals in tail suspension tests. The falling latencies in Rota-Rod tests did not change. This activity profile of MEO was similar to the typical psychostimulant caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies.Phytomedicine: international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 11/2011; 19(3-4):306-10. DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.001 · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to investigate possible antidepressant-like effects of the extract prepared from the flowers of Hypericum montbretti Spach. (Guttiferae, Clusiaceae). Phytochemical constituents of the methanolic extract were analysed by HPLC method. The main flavonoid component was detected as rutin, and another highly concentrated phenolic compound was quercitrin. Antidepressant activity of the extract was examined by tail suspension and modified forced swimming tests, whereas the motor coordination of the animals was tested by the Rota-Rod apparatus. Reboxetine at a dose of 20 mg kg⁻¹ was used as a reference drug. Dose-dependent antidepressant activity was observed in both tests following the administration of extract at 100 and 250 mg kg⁻¹ doses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the antidepressant activity of H. montbretti extract. Additionally, the results of this work support previous papers reporting the antidepressant activity of rutin.Natural product research 09/2011; 25(15):1469-72. DOI:10.1080/14786419.2011.557800 · 1.23 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of Insulin and St. John's Wort Treatments on Anxiety, Locomotory Activity, Depression, and Active Learning Parameters of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of St. John's Wort (SJW) extract treatment on behavioral changes arising in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Plus-maze, activity cage, modified forced swimming, and active avoidance tests were performed for evaluating exploratory behaviors, spontaneous locomotor activities, depression levels, and learning parameters of animals, respectively. Obtained data exhibited a diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced increase in anxiety and depression levels, decrease in spontaneous locomotor activities, and impairment of learning parameters in rats even in the early stages of the disease. Daily insulin replacement (2 IU/kg/day) could not restore these impaired parameters completely, indicating the need of novel therapeutic approaches. SJW extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) treatments for seven days provided significant improvement in all of the impaired parameters observed in this study, probably due to its antidiabetic and central nervous system (CNS)-related effects. Based on the findings of the present study, it may be suggested that SJW extracts may be of help to diabetic patients suffering from depressive moods, sleeping disturbances, and cognitive deficits and may provide a new potential alternative for the treatment of psychiatric complications of diabetes.Planta Medica 08/2011; 77(18):1970-6. DOI:10.1055/s-0031-1280129 · 2.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Some triazolo-pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized to investigate their potential antidepressant activities. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR and FAB(+)-MS spectral data and elemental analyses. Antidepressant-like activities of the test compounds (100 mg/kg) were screened using both modified forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Rota-Rod test was performed for the examination of probable neurological deficits due to the test compounds, which may interfere with the test results. The test compounds in the series exhibited different levels of antidepressant activities when compared to reference drug fluoxetine. None of the test compounds changed motor coordination of animals when assessed in the Rota-Rod test. Therefore, experimental results in this study were not interfered with motor abnormalities.European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 09/2010; 45(9):4383-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.06.011 · 3.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Investigating potential central nervous system (CNS) activities of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae), hawthorn, fruit extracts. Objective: Evaluating CNS effects and analgesic activities of hawthorn fruit extracts based on the traditional uses of the plant for neurosedative and pain killer actions. Effects of hawthorn pulp (HPE) and seed extracts (HSE) at the dose range of 1-1000 mg/kg were examined on anxiety level, spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination, and nociceptive perception of mice. Morphine was used as a reference drug. HPE (100-1000 mg/kg) and HSE (10-1000 mg/kg) significantly decreased not only the exploratory behaviors in hole-board experiments, but also the spontaneous locomotor activities in activity cage tests. The same doses of extracts were found to be ineffective in Rota-Rod tests of mice. In tail-clip, hot-plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing tests, quite potent and dose-dependent analgesic activities were seen at 100-1000 mg/kg doses of HPE and 10-1000 mg/kg doses of HSE. Analgesic effects observed in all analgesia tests were antagonized by naloxone. Discussion: Significant and dose-dependent decreases in spontaneous locomotor activities and exploratory behaviors of animals suggested CNS depressant activities of both extracts. Complete naloxone antagonism in all applied analgesia tests indicated opioid-related analgesic activities of both extracts. These findings seem to support the traditional use of this plant to treat stress, nervousness, sleep disorders, and pain control.Pharmaceutical Biology 08/2010; 48(8):924-31. DOI:10.3109/13880200903305500 · 1.34 Impact Factor
Article: Effects of some 1,3,5-trisubstitued-2-pyrazoline derivatives on depression and anxiety parameters of mice.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was examining the effects of some 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazoline derivatives on depression, anxiety and spontaneous locomotor activity parameters of mice. None of the compounds was effective at 50 mg/kg dose whereas at 100 and 200 mg/kg, pyrazoline-benzoxazole derivative test compound 4a and pyrazoline-benzimidazole derivative test compound 4d in the series were exhibited significant antidepressant effects in modified forced swimming tests. These two pyrazolines decreased the immobility and increased the swimming times of mice without any change in climbing durations suggesting the antidepressant-like effects of the test compounds. In spite of significant antidepressant effect, none of the compounds changed the exploratory parameters in hole-board tests or total numbers of spontaneous locomotor activities in activity cage measurements at any of the applied doses. In other words, neither anxiolytic nor sedative effects induced by the test compounds. The results obtained from this study supported the previous findings reporting the antidepressant activities of pyrazoline derivative compounds. Exact mechanism of the antidepressant action exhibited in the present study need to be clarified with further detailed investigations.Archives of Pharmacal Research 09/2009; 32(9):1293-9. DOI:10.1007/s12272-009-1915-5 · 1.75 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Anadolu University
Dorylaeum, Eskişehir, Turkey
- • Department of Pharmacology
- • Faculty of Pharmacy


text: Additionally, if it's a lease/rent park she needs to investigate the rental/least terms and make sure she's not going to get jacked on her rent. A lot of folks get build alive in MH parks where the landord keeps jacking up the rent. It can actually drive a person right out of a park.


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text: No recent wiki edits to this page. Abdul Alhazred is a character of the fictional universe created by writer Howard Phillips Lovecraft. Called the "Mad Arab", was a poet and Arab Demonologist author of the book Al Azif (called in Greek Necronomicon, 'the law of the dead').HistoryAbdul Alhazred would be a mad Yemeni poet of the Umayyad period (eighth century BC) would have written a book capable of opening the door to a parallel universe where evil beings inhabit willing to end our universe; titled it in Arabic Al Azif, run by Theodoros Philetas Byzantine Greek translation into the middle of the tenth century, with the label of Necronomicon.The data on Abdul Alhazred Lovecraft provides are:Abdul Alhazred dreamed with Ib or Irem "The Nameless City", according to the homonym report, the night before singing his famous couplet, inserted after in the Necronomicon: "That is not dead which can eternal lie / and in the eons come, even death may die. "His death would have occurred to have been torn apart and devoured by an entity that was invisible to the crowd that watched that event


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How Much is Enough?: Money and the Good LifeHardback
List price $31.15
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Additional formats available
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- Paperback $11.06
- Hardback $17.29
- Publisher: ALLEN LANE
- Format: Hardback | 256 pages
- Dimensions: 142mm x 218mm x 28mm | 380g
- Publication date: 28 June 2012
- Publication City/Country: London
- Sales rank: 99,932
Product description
In recent years, economic growth has been regarded as a self-evident good, with political debate focussed on the best means to achieve it. But there are now signs that this shared assumption is weakening. Anger at 'greedy' bankers and their 'obscene' bonuses has given way to a deeper dissatisfaction with an economic system geared overwhelmingly to the accumulation of wealth. Huge income disparities and an ever-growing gap between the richest and the rest has brought us to one of those rare moments when the underlying assumptions of society, are changing. In "How Much is Enough?" Robert and Edward Skidelsky argue that wealth is not an end in itself but a means to the achievement and maintenance of a 'good life', and that our economy should be organised to reflect this fact. The book includes a definition of the 'good life', discusses the relevance of 'Happiness Studies' and the environmental impact of our ever-growing need to consume. In doing so, it offers an escape from the trap of excessive specialization and a way to reinvigorate the idea of economics as a 'moral science'. It concludes by offering a radical new model for income redistribution - and a consideration of what human beings might really want from their lives.
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Robert Skidelsky is Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick. His three volume biography of John Maynard Keynes (1983, 1992, 2000) received numerous prizes, including the Lionel Gelber Prize for International Relations and the Council on Foreign Relations Prize for International Relations. ('This three-volume life of the British economist should be given a Nobel Prize for History if there was such a thing' - Norman Stone.) He was made a life peer in 1991, and aFellow of the British Academy in 1994. Edward Skidelsky is a lecturer in the Philosophy Department of the University of Exeter. He contributes regularly to the New Statesman, Telegraph, Spectator and Prospect. His previous books include The Conditions of Goodness and Ernst Cassirer: The Last Philosopher of Culture.


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5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent companion for any health geographer,
By A Customer
This review is from: Geographies of Health: An Introduction (Paperback)
This is well written, easy reading and well worth the wait, considering that health geography text books are so few and far between.
Gatrell makes an up-to-date survey of health geography research and literature, drawing examples from both the developed and developing world. He firmly leaves the old school of 'medical geography' behind and focuses on 'health' rather than 'disease.'
What is so appealing is how he presents the pluralistic approaches to studying health geography. He starts by mentioning five case studies, for example AIDS in Uganda and the organization of space in twentieth century asylums. Throughout the book he refers to the theoretical methods adopted by their researchers (whether positivist, structuralist etc), highlighting the positive and negative points of each.
Gatrell also refers to approaches that see international and national political and economic factors affecting health from colonial times to the present day, unlike traditional medical geography texts which don't seem to make that connection. There is also a useful appendix of web based resources on health geography.
The book is rich in examples in the developing world and somewhat scantier in the developing world. I would like to have seen more emphasis on developing countries, particularly the effects on the health of people living in politically volatile countries like Afghanistan, Palestine and Angolia and countries like Iraq and Cuba due to economic sanctions - in fact none of these countries were mentioned.
'The Geographies of Health' puts health geography into perspective and a good text for any undergraduate or postgraduate student of health geography. I have only had my copy for two months and it is well thumbed.
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Geographies of Health: An Introduction by Anthony C. Gatrell (Paperback - 23 Aug. 2001)
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- Remember, fireworks are dangerous
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- Dispute over state payroll rolls on
- Why fight over free trade confounds partisan divide
- Still no state budget
- Crime control is not the responsibility of landlords
- Fly over to the Poplar Grove Wings and Wheels Museum benefit
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- SHUTDOWN: Illinois preps for the worst
- TRRT Online Edition | July 1-7
Logo selected for Rock River Water Trail
Staff Report
A logo has been selected for the Rock River Water Trail, according to an announcement by the Rock River Trail Initiative Council.
At a meeting held in Rock Falls, Ill., the council approved a new logo design after evaluating several options. The logo is modeled after the service mark of the Rock River Trail, originally created by staff of The Rock River Times (TRRT) newspaper.
The logo design includes a flying blue heron over a stylistic rendering of the Rock River in perspective flowing downstream. The colors used in the logo are blue and green, representing the water and fertile land of the Rock River valley.
"This is an important step in our efforts to establish a recreational water trail on the Rock River through Wisconsin and Illinois," said trail founder and TRRT Editor and Publisher Frank Schier. "The mark of the Rock River Trail was introduced in 2010 and serves as the basis for identity of a multi-use trail along the river in our two beautiful states."
Greg Farnham, trail coordinator of Hustisford, Wis., headed council efforts to develop a logo for the water trail.
"The water trail will be a delineated path on the Rock River that connects access sites, resting places and attractions for users of watercraft," explained Farnham. "Unified signage incorporating the logo will provide a consistent appearance along the river.
"This will help to increase public awareness of the water trail, direct users and visitors, identify access sites, dams and hazards, and provide for a safe recreational experience," Farnham added.
The mission of the Rock River Trail Initiative is to establish and interpret a Rock River Water Trail along the 300-mile river course from headwaters in Fond du Lac and Dodge counties in Wisconsin to the Mississippi River at Rock Island in Illinois, and a separate Rock River Route on roads within the river corridor to provide access for all to the natural resources, recreational opportunities, scenic beauty and historic and cultural assets of the Rock River Valley.
For more about the Rock River Trail, visit www.rockrivertrail.com.
From the May 16-22, 2012, issue


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2002 Chevrolet Trailblazer Q&A
2002 Chevrolet Trailblazer Question: My check engine light and reduced engine power lights are on and the cruise quit
While going up a hill I had the cruise on and lost power. The reduced engine light came on and the cruise has quit. I pulled over and turned off the motor and restarted and the the was out but the cruise still didnt work and then the light came back on after a couple of miles. It comes on everyday and most times if I run the air conditioner it sputters. I have learned to deal with the service engine light but I dont know what to do about the reduced engine power and the cruise. - donna3069
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you have a failure in the fly by wire system. you need as shop to diag it for you and give you a bid. it is not cheap. the throttle body is about 800-1000 just for the part. Roy - mastertech6371
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An Opera in Two Acts Music and Libretto by Thea Musgrave Virginia Opera's Student Night at the Opera performance of A Christmas Carol is sponsored by Teacher Guide Table of Contents Principal Characters in the Opera 2 Historical Background 3 Opera Synopsis 5 Meet the Composer Thea Musgrave 6 Short History of Opera 8 The Operatic Voice 9 Opera Production 11 A Christmas Carol Essay Questions 12 Premiere Norfolk, Virginia, 7 December 1979 1 Characters and Performance Media (Doublings in parentheses) Scrooge…………………………………………………………………….Baritone Spirit of Christmas………………………………………………………...Dancer Fan, young Scrooge's sister (Liza Fezziwig, Belinda Cratchit, Lucy)……...Soprano Belle Fezziwig, young Ben's fiancée (Martha Cratchit, Rosie)……………Soprano Mrs.Cratchit (Mrs. Fezziwig, Aunt Louise)………………...........…...…....Mezzo- Soprano Bob Cratchit (Mr. Dorrit)………………………………………………….Tenor Ben, Scrooge as a young man (Fred, Scrooge's nephew)………………….Baritone Marley's Ghost……………………………………………………………..Actor Mr. Fezziwig (Topper)……………………………………………………...Baritone or Bass-Baritone Also: Paper boy, Mollie Fezziwig, Tiny Tim (Scrooge as a boy) 2 Historical Background Virginia Opera offered to produce the American premiere of Thea Musgrave's Mary, Queen of Scots in only its second season and, as many in this audience must know, it was a great success. A sixth performance had to be added in order to satisfy the demand for tickets. Even before these performances, the company board commissioned an opera from Musgrave to be premiered in Norfolk. Musgrave chose the subject of Dickens' "A Christmas Carol." In an interview with Rodney Milnes, the composer discussed the challenges inherent in this story. The first was to work out a skeleton of the plot, the second how to deal with the great number of characters (always a liability in opera). She constructed a number of short scenes and, true to Dickens' story, uses flashbacks and dissolves to keep the action moving ("The story itself is so diffuse that there was a danger of losing the dramatic focus"). At times multiple characters had to be played by one person, an obvious choice being the three Spirits of Christmas: "He could change from being young and mischievous to old and threatening through costume and make-up." Then she further set him apart from the real world (inhabited by the singers) by making him a dancer or a mime. Likewise, Marley's Ghost became an actor, to make him "sound different" from the singers. Other doublings include Mr. Fezziwig and the Portly Gentleman, and Mrs. Fezziwig and Mrs.Cratchit "double to make a kind of Mother Earth figure." Also, Scrooge's nephew, who visits his uncle at the beginning of the book and the opera, plays the young Scrooge as he decides not to marry Belle but instead to turn mean and nasty as the old Scrooge looks on, remembering his past. Musgrave's libretto and musical setting are masterly. Harold Blumenfeld summed up her success in 1980 (see below) when he wrote, "In her incarnation of the Dickens' tale, Musgrave has succeeded in avoiding. . .dual pitfalls: . . an all-too-hastily defrosting of Scrooge's character, and a general goody-goody sentiment of all concerned." In fashioning the libretto, Musgrave initially wrote out the dialogue from Dickens verbatim and then turned the descriptive passages from Dickens into dialogue as much as possible. The result was of course far too much text, an inevitable problem in turning a book or a play into a libretto. Certain things were pruned and other parts had to be expanded to allow for arias. She added a scene (a quartet in the penultimate scene) for the Cratchits, to show their reaction to Tiny Tim's death and "to show Bob Cratchit's anger at being so poor and the family's feeling of loss." Above all, Musgrave wishes to create characters with whom an audience can empathize--in A Christmas Carol this is true not only for the Cratchits, obvious candidates, but Scrooge himself emerges as an almost sympathetic character, for she has expanded the scene of "Belle's Farewell," letting the audience see why Scrooge believed he must renounce her (mainly fear of poverty). Musgrave believes an opera libretti must be rather bare, because the music "provides all the adjectives and the atmosphere." When she begins to compose, the absolute final draft of the libretto has not been achieved; during the creative process she changes both text to fit music and music to fit text in a two-way process. As far as operatic tradition is concerned, Musgrave admits that British composor Benjamin Britten "of course was an influence and inspiration, just because he was there and put British opera back on the map." She recalls when she was studying with Nadia Boulanger and was trying to write in a deliberately avant-garde style. Boulanger cautioned her against trying to be original, the only element that mattered being quality. 3 "Everything's been done before! The thing about tradition is to use it [and] you can take what you need from the past and rethink it in an entirely fresh way." A Christmas Carol is written in a through-composed, conservative modern style, befitting the "old-fashioned" atmosphere of the Dickens tale. The vocal writing is mainly conversational, although arias and choruses are present. It is one of the most tuneful of Musgrave's scores. Independent instrumental music includes a short orchestral introduction and brief dance sequences. In the Opera Journal (1980), Harold Blumenfeld wrote that Musgrave's "vocal writing is splendid, allowing the text audibility and comprehensibility along with its wide range of expression. The acid recitative of old Ebenezer is counterbalanced by the lyric outpourings of the young Belle-enamored Ben." Since its premiere by Virginia Opera in 1979 it has received numerous other productions, including a collaboration between Virginia Opera and the Royal Opera House at Sadler's Wells Theater, and a production in Adelaide, Australia. 4 Plot Synopsis The Spirit of Christmas forces Scrooge the miser to view the consequences of his mean and nasty nature. As a result, he undergoes a change of heart and attempts to make what amends he can to those he has wronged. In a scene added to Dickens' story, Scrooge the young man (looked upon by the old Scrooge as a visual embodiment of a memory) feels he is forced to reject his beloved Belle, whose theme is "Twinkle, twinkle, little star," one of two pre-existing, familiar tunes heard in the opera. In act 2, the Cratchit family mourn the death of Tiny Tim, another scene added by the composer. The Christmas carol, "God rest ye merry, gentlemen" is sung at the end of the opera and is also heard in earlier scenes, transformed or fragmented. 5 Meet the Composer Thea Musgrave Thea Musgrave has been as adept at composing instrumental music as she has works for the stage, including both ballets and a variety of types of operas. She was born in Barnton, Midlothian, on 27 May 1928. In 1947 she entered the University of Edinburgh as a pre-med student, but then turned to the study of music, with Mary Gardner Grierson (piano, harmony, and analysis) and Hans Gál (composition, theory, and counterpoint). In 1950 she received a Bachelor of Music degree, receiving the Boucher scholarship and the Donald Francis Tovey Prize. The pianist Clifford Curzon, a friend of Grierson, recommended that Musgrave study with Nadia Boulanger, which she did from 1950 to 1954, both at the Paris Conservatoire and privately. Of Boulanger's teaching, Musgrave has said: "It wasn't the piano accompaniment class; we never did any accompanying on the piano, but it was so much more. We did some reading, figured bass, transposition, and of course, Stravinsky. It was a wonderful general music education." Also, "there were her incredible dinner parties where one would meet her students from way back, composers, all kinds of visitors from all over." At the end of her first two years of study with Nadia Boulanger, Musgrave received the Lili Boulanger Memorial Prize in composition, named after Boulanger's younger sister, a composer who had died at a young age. Also in Paris Musgrave studied piano with Marcel Ciampi. Upon returning to Great Britain, Musgrave was offered commissions from an impressive and diverse number of sources: foundations and trusts, opera houses, ballet companies, the BBC (with whom she has had an extensive, cordial relationship), American colleges, English schools, and the city of Glasgow. She composed a number of major instrumental works, including a second Piano Sonata, a String Quartet, and a Trio for flute, oboe, and piano, and wrote a one-act opera, The Abbot of Drimock (1955), which is partly in the neo-classical style of Stravinsky. By the late 1950s, having closely studied the twelve-tone works of Schoenberg and Webern, Musgrave began composing using serial techniques. In 1959 she came to the United States on a scholarship award from the Tanglewood Summer School. Here she met Aaron Copland and Milton Babbitt and became familiar with the music of Charles Ives, which was to subsequently influence her. After returning to England she continued to compose but was also involved in teaching and presenting lecture series. Miss Musgrave was especially prolific in the early 1960s. In 1961 she visited the USSR briefly as a delegate from the Composers' Guild of Great Britain. She was commissioned to write her second opera, The Decision (1964-65), a work about a Scottish mine disaster characterized by Hugo Cole as "a closely worked, contrapuntal, freely chromatic score," befitting the "glim and claustral mood" of the libretto. Her vocal writing before The Decision tended to be florid but was less so in this opera. In the late 1960s appeared a number of instrumental works, the most important of which is a series of concerti, based on certain aspects of vocal and theatrical style, works in a rhapsodic, virtuoso style, making use of indeterminate notations. She herself referred to these works as "dramatic-abstract": "In my instrumental music, I have gradually evolved a style where at times certain instruments take on the character of a dramatic personage, and my concern is then directed toward the working out of a dramatic confrontation." This freer, more personal style was reflected in her chamber opera, The Voice of Ariadne (1972-1973), with a libretto by Amalia Elguera based on Henry James, 6 which not only uses the orchestra in a complex manner but also employs electronic tape, an aspects that shows her genius for using "new sounds" in a theatrical manner. This work was commissioned by the Royal Opera House for the English Opera Group. Subsequent operas were all composed to her own libretti and show a wide variety of subject matter with an attendant sensitivity to musical style. In Mary, Queen of Scots (Edinburgh, 1977), libretto by Musgrave, using parts of a play by Amalia Elguera and one of her most significant creations, for example, she writes on a grand scale, displaying a true sense of theater. The work has been likened to Verdi's Don Carlos and Britten's Gloriana. By contrast, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (premiere1982, BBC broadcast), based on a Civil War story by Ambrose Bierce, is a radio opera and works perfectly within the limitations and possibilities of that genre. The score calls for a soundtrack of pre-recorded natural sounds such as wind in the trees and horses' hooves. Most of the action in Bierce's story takes place in the protagonist's head, represented by a baritone singer, so musically the real and imaginary worlds are combined. An intensely moving work by her is Harriet, the Woman Called "Moses" (premiered in Norfolk, 1985), about a woman with a sense of a divine mission--Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. In addition to her achievements as a pianist and composer, Musgrave has very capably conducted a number of her own works, including her operas The Voice of Ariadne and Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1976 she conducted the renowned Philadelphia Orchestra in the American premiere of her Concerto for Orchestra. She has also conducted her works with New York City Opera, Scottish Opera, the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, and many other groups. In 1970 Miss Musgrave was again in the United States to teach at the University of California at Santa Barbara, where she met violist Peter Mark, for whom she has written an Elegy for viola and cello and a piece for tape and viola called From One to Another (1970) and a Viola Concerto (1973). They were married in London in 1971. She eventually moved to the United States where she has been intimately involved with Virginia Opera. Musgrave has served on many arts panels, including, in this country, the Opera-Music Theater Panel for the National Endowment for the Arts, and has been awarded a number of prizes, fellowships, and honorary doctorates. In 1974 she was given the Serge Koussevitzky Award, and she has received two Guggenheim fellowships. In The New Yorker she has been characterized by Andrew Porter as "one of the ablest composers we have" and in the Glasgow Herald Malcolm Rayment referred to her as the sure choice for "The First Lady of Music." In an interview prior to the November 1981 Australian premiere of A Christmas Carol, Thea Musgrave noted, "I think it is terrible if a work of art doesn't move you in some way--allow you to make some discoveries about people, about life, about yourself." Earlier, she had said, "I hope my music is dramatic, that it is accessible if given a little time to get to the listener, that it has warmth, perhaps a certain amount of humor. . . .I hope I have a style that is recognizable and individual." 7 A Short History of Opera The word opera is the plural form of the Latin word opus, which translates quite literally as work. The use of the plural form alludes to the plurality of art forms that combine to create an operatic performance. Today we accept the word opera as a reference to a theatrically based musical art form in which the drama is propelled by the sung declamation of text accompanied by a full symphony orchestra. Opera as an art form can claim its origin with the inclusion of incidental music that was performed during the tragedies and comedies popular during ancient Greek times. The tradition of including music as an integral part of theatrical activities expanded in Roman times and continued throughout the Middle Ages. Surviving examples of liturgical dramas and vernacular plays from Medieval times show the use of music as an "insignificant" part of the action as do the vast mystery and morality plays of the 15th and 16th centuries. Traditional view holds that the first completely sung musical drama (or opera) developed as a result of discussions held in Florence in the 1570s by an informal academy known as the Camerata which led to the musical setting of Rinuccini's drama, Dafne, by composer, Jacopo Peri in 1597. The work of such early Italian masters as Giulio Caccini and Claudio Monteverdi led to the development of a through-composed musical entertainment comprised of recitative sections (secco and accompagnato) which revealed the plot of the drama; followed by da capo arias which provided the soloist an opportunity to develop the emotions of the character. The function of the chorus in these early works mirrored that of the character of the same name found in Greek drama. The new "form" was greeted favorably by the public and quickly became a popular entertainment. Opera has flourished throughout the world as a vehicle for the expression of the full range of human emotions. Italians claim the art form as their own, retaining dominance in the field through the death of Giacomo Puccini in 1924. Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, and Leoncavallo developed the art form through clearly defined periods that produced opera buffa, opera seria, bel canto, and verismo. The Austrian Mozart also wrote operas in Italian and championed the singspiel (sing play), which combined the spoken word with music, a form also used by Beethoven in his only opera, Fidelio. Bizet (Carmen), Offenbach (Les Contes d'Hoffmann), Gounod (Faust), and Meyerbeer (Les Huguenots) led the adaptation by the French which ranged from the opera comique to the grand full-scale tragedie lyrique. German composers von Weber (Der Freischütz), Richard Strauss (Ariadne auf Naxos), and Wagner (Der Ring des Nibelungen) developed diverse forms such as singspiel to through-composed spectacles unified through the use of the leitmotif. The English ballad opera, Spanish zarzuela and Viennese operetta helped to establish opera as a form of entertainment which continues to enjoy great popularity throughout the world. With the beginning of the 20th century, composers in America diverged from European traditions in order to focus on their own roots while exploring and developing the vast body of the country's folk music and legends. Composers such as Aaron Copland, Douglas Moore, Carlisle Floyd, Howard Hanson, and Robert Ward have all crafted operas that have been presented throughout the world to great success. Today, composers John Adams, Philip Glass, and John Corigliano enjoy success both at home and abroad and are credited with the infusion of new life into an art form which continues to evolve even as it approaches its fifth century. 8 The Operatic Voice A true (and brief) definition of the "operatic" voice is a difficult proposition. Many believe the voice is "born," while just as many hold to the belief that the voice is "trained." The truth lies somewhere between the two. Voices that can sustain the demands required by the operatic repertoire do have many things in common. First and foremost is a strong physical technique that allows the singer to sustain long phrases through the control of both the inhalation and exhalation of breath. Secondly, the voice (regardless of its size) must maintain a resonance in both the head (mouth, sinuses) and chest cavities. The Italian word "squillo" (squeal) is used to describe the brilliant tone required to penetrate the full symphony orchestra that accompanies the singers. Finally, all voices are defined by both the actual voice "type" and the selection of repertoire for which the voice is ideally suited. Within the five major voice types (Soprano, Mezzo-Soprano, Tenor, Baritone, Bass) there is a further delineation into categories (Coloratura, Lyric, Spinto, Dramatic) which help to define each particular instrument. The Coloratura is the highest within each voice type whose extended upper range is complimented by extreme flexibility. The Lyric is the most common of the "types." This instrument is recognized more for the exceptional beauty of its tone rather than its power or range. The Spinto is a voice which combines the beauty of a lyric with the weight and power of a Dramatic, which is the most "powerful" of the voices. The Dramatic instrument is characterized by the combination of both incredible volume and "steely" intensity. While the definition presented in the preceding paragraph may seem clearly outlined, many voices combine qualities from each category, thus carving an unique niche in operatic history. Just as each person is different from the next, so is each voice. Throughout her career Maria Callas defied categorization as she performed and recorded roles associated with each category in the soprano voice type. Joan Sutherland as well can be heard in recordings of soprano roles as diverse as the coloratura Gilda in Rigoletto to the dramatic Turandot in Turandot. Below is a very brief outline of voice types and categories with roles usually associated with the individual voice type. 9 Coloratura Lyric Spinto Dramatic Soprano Norina (Don Pasquale) Liu (Turandot) Tosca (Tosca) Turandot Gilda (Rigoletto) Mimi (La Bohème) Amelia (A Masked (Turandot) Lucia (Lucia di Pamina (Magic Flute) Ball) Norma (Norma) Lammermoor) Leonora (Il Trovatore) Elektra (Elektra) Mezzo- Rosina (Barber of Seville) Carmen (Carmen) Santuzza (Cavalleria) Azucena (Il Soprano Angelina (La Cenerentola) Charlotte (Werther) Adalgisa (Norma) Trovatore) Dorabella (Così fan tutte) Giulietta (Hoffmann) The Composer Ulrica (A Masked (Ariadne auf Naxos) Ball) Herodias (Salome) Tenor Count Almaviva (Barber of Alfredo (La Traviata) Calaf (Turandot) Dick Johnson Seville) Rodolfo (La Bohème) Pollione (Norma) (Fanciulla) Don Ottavio (Don Giovanni) Tamino (Magic Cavaradossi (Tosca) Don Jose (Carmen) Ferrando (Così fan tutte) Flute) Otello (Otello) Baritone Figaro (Barber of Seville) Marcello (La Verdi Baritone Scarpia (Tosca) Count Almavira (Le nozze Bohème) Germont (La Traviata) Jochanaan di Figaro) Don Giovanni (Don Di Luna (Il Trovatore) (Salome) Dr. Malatesta (Don Giovanni) Rigoletto (Rigoletto) Jack Rance Pasquale) Sharpless (Madama (Fanciulla) Butterfly) Bass Bartolo (Barber of Seville) Leporello (Don Buffo Bass Basso Cantate Don Magnifico Giovanni) Don Pasquale (Don Oroveso (Norma) (Cenerentola) Colline (La Bohème) Pasquale) Timur (Turandot) Dr. Dulcamara (Elixir of Figaro (Marriage of Don Alfonso (Così fan Sarastro (Magic Love) Figaro) tutte) Flute) 10 Opera Production Opera is created by the combination of myriad art forms. First and foremost are the actors who portray characters by revealing their thoughts and emotions through the singing voice. The next very important component is a full symphony orchestra that accompanies the singing actors and actresses, helping them to portray the full range of emotions possible in the operatic format. The orchestra performs in an area in front of the singers called the orchestra pit while the singers perform on the open area called the stage. Wigs, costumes, sets and specialized lighting further enhance these performances, all of which are designed, created, and executed by a team of highly trained artisans. The creation of an opera begins with a dramatic scenario crafted by a playwright or dramaturg who alone or with a librettist fashions the script or libretto that contains the words the artists will sing. Working in tandem, the composer and librettist team up to create a cohesive musical drama in which the music and words work together to express the emotions revealed in the story. Following the completion of their work, the composer and librettist entrust their new work to a conductor who with a team of assistants (repetiteurs) assumes responsibility for the musical preparation of the work. The conductor collaborates with a stage director (responsible for the visual component) in order to bring a performance of the new piece to life on the stage. The stage director and conductor form the creative spearhead for the new composition while assembling a design team which will take charge of the actual physical production. Set designers, lighting designers, costume designers, wig and makeup designers and even choreographers must all be brought "on board" to participate in the creation of the new production. The set designer combines the skills of both an artist and an architect using "blueprint" plans to design the actual physical set which will reside on the stage, recreating the physical setting required by the storyline. These blueprints are turned over to a team of carpenters who are specially trained in the art of stage carpentry. Following the actual building of the set, painters following instructions from the set designers' original plans paint the set. As the set is assembled on the stage, the lighting designer works with a team of electricians to throw light onto both the stage and the set in an atmospheric as well as practical way. Using specialized lighting instruments, colored gels and a state of the art computer, the designer along with the stage director create a "lighting plot" by writing "lighting cues" which are stored in the computer and used during the actual performance of the opera. During this production period, the costume designer in consultation with the stage director has designed appropriate clothing for the singing actors and actresses to wear. These designs are fashioned into patterns and crafted by a team of highly skilled artisans called cutters, stitchers, and sewers. Each costume is specially made for each singer using his/her individual measurements. The wig and makeup designer, working with the costume designer, designs and creates wigs which will complement both the costume and the singer as well as represent historically accurate "period" fashions. As the actual performance date approaches, rehearsals are held on the newly crafted set, combined with costumes, lights, and orchestra in order to ensure a cohesive performance that will be both dramatically and musically satisfying to the assembled audience. 11 A Christmas Carol Essay Questions Literature 1. Compare and contrast Musgrave's A Christmas Carol and Dickens' A Christmas Carol. Find symbols, characters and imagery common in both; how are they different? 2. Discuss the role of Scrooge in A Christmas Carol. At what moment in the Opera or novel do you think Scrooge chose to change and become a better and more understanding individual? Music 3. Mrs. Musgrave's music is contemporary and may sound different from other operas you are use to hearing. Do you feel that even though it is different, that it still provides the meaning and emotion for each scene in A Christmas Carol? Agree or disagree and give examples. History 4. What do you think Christmas was like in England before the writing of Dickens' A Christmas Carol? Do a little research find out how things may have changed. 12
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