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A method of determining the trim set value of a vehicle body leveling system comprising the steps of: receiving a trim set command; responsive to the trim set command, retrieving a sensor output from a vehicle height sensor; determining a difference value between the sensor output and a predetermined offset, wherein the offset is indicative of an effect an average sized operator would have on the vehicle height as measured by said height sensor; and programming the difference value into a memory of a level control system, wherein the programmed value is the trim set value for the level control system.
1. In a combination of a vehicle body and a level control system for the vehicle body, a method of determining a trim set value of the level control system, comprising the steps of:
receiving, from a service switch, a trim set request for signalling a trim set function;
responsive to the trim set request, retrieving a sensor output detected from a vehicle body height sensor;
determining a difference value between the sensor output and a predetermined offset, wherein the predetermined offset is indicative of an effect that an average sized operator has on a height of the vehicle body as measured by said body height sensor; and
storing the difference value into a memory of the level control system, wherein the stored value is the trim set value for the level control system, wherein, during vehicle operation, the level control system performs the steps of:
determining at least one control command responsive to the stored difference value and the vehicle body height sensor; and
controlling the level control system responsive to the control command.
2. A combination of a vehicle and a level control system comprising:
the vehicle with first and second chargeable and dischargeable air suspension members on a right suspension and on a left suspension of the vehicle, respectively;
a suspension height sensor mounted to a vehicle body and a vehicle wheel at one of the right and left suspensions;
a compressor having a controllable motor and an exhaust valve;
a pneumatic line coupling the compressor to first and second valves, the first valve coupling the pneumatic line to one of the air suspensions and the second valve coupling the pneumatic line to the other of the air suspensions;
a microprocessor controller comprising
(a) means for detecting a trim set request from a service switch, wherein the trim set request signals a trim set function,
(b) means, responsive to the trim set request, for receiving a sensor signal from the height sensor,
(c) means, responsive to the trim set request and the sensor signal, for determining a difference value between the sensor signal and a predetermined offset value indicative of an effect, on the height sensor, of an average sized operator in the vehicle,
(d) means for storing the difference value in memory,
(e) means, responsive to the height sensor and the stored difference value, for determining a set of control commands, and
(f) means for outputting the control commands to the compressor, the first and second valves and the exhaust valve to level the vehicle to the stored difference value.
3. The apparatus in claim 2 wherein the microprocessor controller includes at least one multipurpose data line, wherein the multipurpose data line is coupled to a first input/output port of the microprocessor and comprises means for inputting discrete data to the microprocessor, wherein the multipurpose data line is coupled to a second input/output port of the microprocessor and comprises means for inputting digital data to the microprocessor and means for outputting discrete data from the microprocessor.
Currently, vehicles are commercially available with level control systems that sense the height and/or level of the vehicle body with respect to the wheels and adjust the vehicle suspension to level the vehicle. The systems typically include at least one height sensor sensing the height of at least one of the vehicle suspensions. The height sensors may be any of a number of sensor types including digital sensors, optical sensors, resistive sensors and transformer-type sensors. For some vehicles with level control systems, it is known to program the system with target positions that the sensors output when the vehicle body obtains a desired level height state, i.e., trim set positions, in the factory during vehicle manufacture.
One known manner of programming the trim set positions involves coupling an external computer to a service connector for the leveling system while the vehicle is on a level plant floor. The external computer reads the sensor outputs of the height sensor(s) and programs these outputs into the programmable memory, such as an EEPROM, of the leveling system, and then reads back the values to verify that they are programmed-in. These programmed-in values are then used as the target values to which the level and height control system tries to level the vehicle body.
Advantageously, this invention provides a vehicle body level and height control system for a motor vehicle that eliminates the need for external computer hook-up to set the target height values or trim set values for the level and height control system.
Advantageously, this invention provides a level control system for a motor vehicle that allows initial programming and service programming of the trim set height by a service operator without the use of special service equipment or external devices.
Advantageously, this invention achieves the herein recited advantages through a method comprising the steps of: receiving a trim set request; responsive to the trim set request, retrieving a sensor output from a vehicle body height sensor; determining a difference value between the sensor output and a predetermined offset, wherein the offset is indicative of an effect an average sized person would have on a height of a vehicle body as measured by said body height sensor; and programming the difference value into a memory of a level control system wherein the programmed value is a trim set value for the level control system.
Structurally, the apparatus of this invention comprises: a vehicle with first and second chargeable and dischargeable air suspension members on a right suspension and on a left suspension of the vehicle, respectively; a suspension height sensor mounted to a vehicle body and a vehicle wheel at one of the right and left suspensions; a compressor having a controllable motor and an exhaust valve; a pneumatic line coupling the compressor and exhaust valve to first and second valves, the first valve coupling the pneumatic line to one of the air suspensions and the second valve coupling the pneumatic line to the other air suspension; and a microprocessor controller comprising means for sensing a trim set condition; means for receiving a sensor signal from the height sensor; means for determining a difference value between the sensor signal and an offset value indicative of an effect of an average sized operator in the vehicle on the height sensor; means for storing the difference value in memory; and means for controlling the compressor, exhaust valve and first and second valves to level the vehicle to the stored difference value.
A more detailed description of this invention, along with various embodiments thereof is described herein.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus of this invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a main control routine according to this invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates a method of vehicle level control.
FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d illustrate command timing during air suspension intake.
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate command timing during air suspension exhaust.
FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram for a level control sequence.
FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram for obtaining vehicle height data.
FIG. 9 illustrates a flow routine according to this invention.
FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate, schematically, a microprocessor controller and sensor circuit according to this invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the vehicle body 10 comprises a suspended mass suspended by four suspensions of a known type attached to the four vehicle wheels 12, 14, 16 and 18. The two rear vehicle suspensions for the rear wheels 16 and 18 include combination shock absorber/air springs 52 and 54 of a known type, each herein referred to below as an air suspension unit. The air suspension units 52 and 54 may be of a type in which the air spring portion provides the complete spring function necessary for the suspensions shown or may be of a type in which the air spring portions assist additional springs, such as coil or other type of springs. Each air suspension unit 52 and 54 has a top mount attached in a known manner to the vehicle body 10 and a bottom mount attached in a known manner to the vehicle wheel 16 or 18. During reciprocal movement of the vehicle suspension resulting in relative movement between the wheels 16 and 18 and the vehicle body 10, the air suspension units 52 and 54 provide damping forces against the relative movement in a known manner and also act as air springs in a known manner.
At a select portion of the vehicle body 10, position sensor 50 is mounted. The location of position sensor 50 can be any suitable location for providing a desired height or level indication. Further, while the example described below includes only one such sensor 50, those skilled in the art will understand that this invention encompasses systems that use a plurality of such sensors 50. For vehicles with independent rear wheel suspension, the sensor 50 can be mounted proximal to one of the rear wheel suspensions as shown, one pan mounted to the vehicle body and the other part mounted to the vehicle wheel assembly.
In the example shown, the sensor 50 includes a rotary resistive device that provides an output impedance that varies with respect to the angular displacement of arm 58. A link 60 is pivotably connected to arm 58 and to a wheel assembly member such as a lower control arm. As the vehicle body 10 and wheel 16 are displaced with respect to each other, link 60 and arm 58 cause the rotational position of the internal resistive device of sensor 50 to vary, providing a varying impedance output that can be measured as an indication of the relative height of the vehicle body with respect to wheel 16.
A portion of a cable 62 for carrying power, sensor and control wires to sensor 50 is shown. However, since the controller is shown schematically, the lines 38, 40, 46, 18, 64 and 66 are illustrated separately. Those skilled in the art will understand that these control lines and power lines can be included within cable 62.
Included within the housing of sensor 50 is a circuit board upon which a microprocessor controller for controlling the vehicle height and level system shown is mounted. This provides advantageous packaging of a single unit 50 that provides both the height sensing and level control operation for the vehicle, eliminating the need for a separately mounted controller for the vehicle levelling system.
The air spring components of air suspensions 52 and 54 provide spring forces between the wheels 16 and 18 and the vehicle body in relation to the mount of air within the air springs. The amount of air within the air springs of air suspensions 52 and 54 is controlled by compressor 26, including motor 24, pneumatic lines 30, 36, 48 and 50, exhaust valve 34 and valves 42 and 44. To add air to the spring of air suspension units 52 and 54, a signal is provided on line 40 to relay 35 to close the internal switch of the relay 35. Relay 35 has two separately fused power lines, line 20, the power source for the coil of the relay. 35, is separately fused from the vehicle battery from line 37, which is selectively coupled by the internal switch of relay 35 to the compressor motor to provide control of the compressor motor. When the switch within relay 35 closes, power is provided to motor 24 via line 22, which starts the compressor 24. The air intake occurs through the intake filter 28 of a known type and the compressed air is provided into pneumatic line 30 through air dryer 32 to pneumatic line 36. At the same time, valves 42 and 44 are commanded open via control commands on line 46 so that the compressed air is forced through lines 48 and 50 to air suspension units 52 and 54. As the amount of air in each air suspension unit 52 and 54 increases, the static height of the portion of the vehicle body supported by air suspension units 52 and 54 increases in response.
To decrease the height of the rear of the vehicle, the command is provided through line 38 to exhaust valve 34 and a command is provided through line 46 to valves 42 and 44 so that valves 34, 42 and 44 are open, allowing air to escape from the air spring portions of air suspension units 52 and 54. The release of air from air spring portions of air suspension units 52 and 54 decreases the height of the rear of the vehicle body 10 with respect to the vehicle wheels 16 and 18.
The microprocessor controller 68 also has an output line 45 that commands a telltale lamp 47 located, for example, on the vehicle instrument panel to indicate if the vehicle level and height control system is malfunctioning.
Input signals to microprocessor controller 68 include the ignition signal on line 64 and the vehicle speed signal on line 66 to indicate whether or not the vehicle is moving. In a known manner of level control, when it senses, through the absence of speed signals on line 66, that the vehicle is not moving and the vehicle ignition is on, and in response to other known trigger parameters such as vehicle doors opening/closing, the level control system is cycled. When the level control system cycles, the amount of air in the air spring portions of air suspensions 52 and 54 is adjusted to raise or lower the rear of the vehicle body until the output of sensor 50 is equal to the trim set value predetermined according to this invention.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the state diagram shown indicates an example state flow according to this invention of a main control of the leveling system shown in FIG. 1 as controlled by microprocessor controller 68. When the system is powered-up, it enters RESET mode at block 350, which performs the typical reset function required by a microprocessor controller. If the ignition line is set to 5 volts when the system is powered-up, the routine moves to CALIBRATION mode 352 during which programmable value and calibratable values are provided to the memory of the microprocessor 68. These programmable values may take into account differences in certain stored variables that vary from vehicle type to vehicle type, thus allowing a single system to be calibrated for various types of vehicles. CALIBRATION mode is exited by powering-down the controller.
If the RESET mode is accomplished and the ignition voltage is at the normal ignition level, the system enters WAIT mode at block 354. During WAIT MODE 354, a counter is incremented for a predetermined number of counts while the leveling control is "asleep." With timing out of the counter, for example, which occurs every second, the system wakes up by moving to the INITIALIZE mode at block 356 where appropriate variables are reset and into the AWAKE mode at block 358. During all modes of operation, an asynchronous interrupt is triggered every 10 ms to obtain and filter the sensor information, as described below with respect to FIG. 7. During the AWAKE mode at block 358, the ignition voltage line is checked to see if the vehicle is keyed-on or keyed-off. If the vehicle is keyed-off, the system moves to the AWAKE IGNITION OFF mode at block 364. In the AWAKE IGNITION OFF mode 364, the system checks the sensor height information (the value SENSOR) and, if necessary, moves to the INTAKE ENABLE mode, block 370, to add air to the air suspension units 52, 54 to increase the height of the rear of the vehicle body.
More particularly, level control according to this invention is performed generally in a known manner illustrated with respect to FIG. 3. The line 376 represents the trim line or the sensor output from body height sensor 50 when the vehicle is level according to the calibrated trim value (TRIM) stored in the microprocessor controller memory. The lines 372 and 380 define the trim band during vehicle key on operation and the line 382 defines the trim band during key off operation. The trim band is defined by the trim line 376, plus a predetermined offset and minus a predetermined offset and when the sensor output, SENSOR, is within this band, leveling is not activated. However, once the sensor output exceeds the trim band, between references 372 and 380 or falls below reference 382, the level control is activated until the trim height (reference 376) is achieved.
As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,829,436, assigned to the assignee of this invention and incorporated herein by reference, system dynamics that cause occurrences of overshoot and settling in the pneumatic system are accounted using the references 374 and 378 shown. Overshoot is caused by the mechanical delays in the system that occur between cessation of the air exhaust or intake commands and the actual cessation of such air exhaust or intake from or to air suspension units 52 and 54. Settling is an observed phenomenon in which the height of the vehicle body appears to settle after the cessation of exhaust or intake from or to the air suspension units. During level control when vehicle body height is sensed as higher than the trim band, the exhaust operation is executed until the output of the sensor reaches level 374 shown. Once the level 374 (shown) is reached, the valves 42 and 44, (FIG. 1) are turned off closing the pneumatic line 48 and 50 from pneumatic line 36, preventing more air from escaping from the air suspension units 52 and 54. Even though the blocker valves are closed once the level 374 is reached, overshoot and settling affect the system to return the rear body height to or substantially to the trim level 376.
Similarly, when the vehicle level is below the trim band, either below line 380 when the ignition is keyed on or below line 382 when the ignition is keyed off, the intake control is cycled causing compressor 26 (FIG. 1) to add air to the air suspension units 52 and 54 to raise the rear vehicle body height. Once the output of sensor 50 obtains the level 378, the valves 42 and 44 are commanded off to isolate pneumatic lines 48 and 50 from pneumatic line 36 and compressor 26 is commanded off, preventing additional air from entering air suspension units 52 and 54. Even though line 378 is below the trim line 376, overshoot and settling will cause the resultant level to be at or substantially at the trim level 376. The offset of levels 374 and 378 from level 376 can easily be determined by simple experimentation and will vary from, vehicle type to vehicle type. While the 378 level is shown below the trim level 376, it is possible that the level 378 may be above the trim level 376 for a system with larger settling factors.
FIGS. 4a-d and 5a-d illustrate the timing of the commands during intake. At time t0 when an intake sequence is first initiated, the exhaust valve 34 is turned on to pre-exhaust the pneumatic line to eliminate back pressure for compressor 26. At time t1, the compressor motor is turned on and an overlap is provided between the time t1 when the compressor is turned on and the time t1 when the exhaust valve is closed to allow the compressor motor to start spinning without having to overcome back pressure. At time t2, the exhaust valve 34 is turned off or closed and the blocker valves 42 and 44 are turned on or opened so that air compressed by compressor 26 can be provided to the air suspension units 52 and 54. When it is sensed that the level 378 is reached at time t3, the blocker valves 42 and 44 are turned off while the exhaust valve 34 is turned on. At time t4, the compressor motor is turned off and the exhaust valve is left open until time t5 to allow ventilation of back pressure in the pneumatic system between compression motor 26 and blocker valves 42 and 44.
Referring to FIGS. 6a-c, the timing of the exhaust sequence is illustrated. When the output of sense 50 indicates that the height is above the level 372 shown in FIG. 3, the exhaust valve 34 and the blocker valves 42 and 44 are turned on (time t6), allowing air to exhaust from air suspension units 52 and 54 out of the system through exhaust valve 34. At time t7 when the level 374 is sensed by the sensor 50, the blocker valves 42 and 44 are turned off, isolating air suspension units 52 and 54 from the exhaust valve 34. Exhaust valve 34 is left open until time t8 to allow ventilation of the system, at which time, exhaust valve 34 is turned off and closed.
Referring again to FIG. 2, when in the AWAKE IGNITION OFF state 364 the sensor 50 indicates that the height of the vehicle body is lower than the key off trim band level 382, the routine moves to the INTAKE ENABLE state at block 370 to perform the intake cycle to raise the vehicle body height as described above with reference to FIGS. 3, 4A and 4B. The state at block 370 is exited once the sensor reads the intake shut off level 378, the intake accumulator flag is set or the vehicle ignition is keyed on, in which case, the system returns to the state 364. The intake accumulator flag keeps track of the amount of time an intake is activated. After a predetermined time for running the compressor during intake (i.e., five minutes), the current intake activation is terminated and is not reactivated until after the occurrence of at least one of: (1) an exhaust cycling, or (2) the new ignition key-on.
If during the state 370 the service switch is pressed for less than 10 seconds, the routine moves to the SERVICE mode, state 368, which can also be entered from the state 364 and the FULL LEVELING state 360. In the SERVICE mode 368, routine system diagnostics can be performed by a service operator. If, at block 364 the service switch is depressed for greater than 10 seconds, the intake accumulator flag is set, or the sensed trim height is above the height at level 382 without cycling the intake enable state 370, the system returns to the state 354 and waits for the next wake-up. If during the state 364 the service switch is depressed for greater than 10 seconds and, during this depression, the ignition is keyed on, then the routine enters the TRIM SET state 362, described below with reference to FIG. 7, where the trim set, according to this invention, is performed. Once the state at block 362 sets the trim level (TRIM), the routine moves to the WAIT mode, state 354.
The service switch may be, for example, the set switch on the clock radio in the instrumentation panel of the vehicle. When the operator holds the switch depressed for a time period, for example, 10 seconds while keying on the ignition, according to this invention, a trim set command is achieved and the system is moved into the TRIM SET state 362.
While this method is advantageous in that it does not require additional switches and requires a function unlikely to be formed by any but a service operator knowing to do it and requiring an operator to either not be in the driver's seat or to cross arms to perform this sequence, it is unlikely that this sequence would be accidentally performed by a vehicle operator not intending to cycle the TRIM SET state. It will be recognized, however, that any other trigger or switch for triggering a service operator desired TRIM SET mode may be used as an alternative.
If at the AWAKE state 358 the ignition is on, the system moves to the FULL LEVELING state 360 where it levels the vehicle when the sensor output exceeds or falls below the trim band defined by levels 372 and 380 in FIG. 3 and performs either the necessary exhaust or intake cycling as described above. The state at 360 is contrasted to the state at block 364 in that the lower of the trim band is reference 380, which is higher than the reference 382 (used in state 364) and in that state 364, the ignition-off activation, does not allow for exhausting of air from the air suspension units 52 and 54, only intake if necessary.
In the state at block 360, if the service switch is pressed for 10 seconds, the routine moves to the CODE state 366 where a code of a known type indicating the calibration and diagnostics of the system may be signaled to a service operator. This state is exited when the ignition is keyed-off, in which case the routine moves to the state at block 364. Diagnostics for such systems are well known to those skilled in the an and need not be set forth in further detail herein.
If, during the FULL LEVELING state at block 360, the vehicle speed is less than 6 kilometers per hour and the service switch is pressed for 1 second, the routine enters the SERVICE MODE state 368, which is exited once the vehicle speed rises above 6 kilometers per hour.
Referring now to FIG. 7, a main control routine for the awake mode is shown starting at block 384 and moving to block 386 where the value SENSOR is retrieved. At block 388, if the value SENSOR is outside the trim band, defined by references 372 and 380 during key-on and references 372 and 382 during key-off, then a trim flag is set at block 390 and at block 396 the vehicle speed is compared to a predetermined threshold such as 6 kilometers per hour. If the vehicle speed is not greater than the predetermined threshold, the routine moves to block 400 where a value TIMER is compared to a first timer threshold, for example, 3 seconds. If the value TIMER is not greater than the threshold, then a routine is exited at block 404. If the timer is greater than the threshold, then the leveling sequence as described above with references to FIGS. 3, 4a-d, 5a-d and 6 is executed at block 402. If at block 396 the vehicle speed is greater than the predetermined threshold, the routine moves to block 392 where the value TIMER is compared to a second timer threshold, for example, 40 seconds. If TIMER is not greater than this threshold, then the routine is exited at block 404. If TIMER is greater than this threshold, the routine moves to block 402 where the leveling sequence is executed.
The trim timer is incremented separately by a simple loop that, once per second, increments the trim timer if the trim flag is set. At block 388, if the signal SENSOR is not outside the trim band, then block 392 resets the trim flag and block 394 clears the value TIMER. The value TIMER requires that the vehicle must be continuously outside the trim band for a predetermined time period of 3 or 40 seconds, depending upon whether block 398 or 400 is controlling, before a leveling sequence is allowed.
Referring now to FIG. 8, the interrupt routine for determining the value SENSOR is shown and starts at block 96 where it obtains from the A/D converter of the microprocessor the analog input from the rotary resistive device of sensor 50. The digitized value from the A/D converter is then digitally filtered by a filter routine at block 98, which, for example, applies a one pole low pass filter to the digital input. An example one pole low pass filter transfer function has the form H(z)=c/(1-(1-c)z-1). The results of the filter at block 98 is then set at block 100 as the value SENSOR used in the trim set routine described below and used in the leveling control described above.
Referring now to FIG. 9, the trim set routine according to this invention starts at block 104 where it retrieves the value SENSOR determined by the interrupt routine. The routine then moves to block 106, where it compares the sensor with a predetermined range defined by maximum and minimum possible sensor output values. If the value SENSOR is not within this range at block 106, it is assumed that there is an error in the system and the routine moves to block 110 where it commands the telltale lamp to be illuminated in a flashing manner to warn an operator of a possible error in the system. If the value SENSOR is within the predetermined range at block 106, the routine continues to block 108 where it subtracts from a value SENSOR a predetermined value OFFSET and sets the variable TRIM equal to the difference result. The value OFFSET is determined by the effect of an average size service operator and a predetermined amount of fuel in the fuel tank, i.e., the amount of fuel during vehicle manufacture, on the height of the vehicle body as sensed by sensor 50. That is, since the trim set mode is entered with a person in the vehicle, the vehicle body height relative to the wheels and therefore as sensed by sensor 50 is affected. However, according to this invention, this effect is offset by the value OFFSET which is equal to the average value that an operator will likely cause in the change of output of sensor 50 as that operator gets into the vehicle. The value OFFSET can be easily determined by measuring sample values of the height sensor with the vehicle empty and on a level surface and then measuring sample values of the height sensor with one operator in the vehicle, which is the position of the vehicle during performance of the trim set function. The level of fuel in the tank can be set to the in-plant fill level. The differences between the two measurements can be averaged if more than one such sample is taken and the result of the single sample or the average result for multiple samples is used as the value OFFSET. Preferably an operator of average weight is used.
At block 112, 114, 116 and 118 the routine uses a self-check to check the accuracy of the programming of the EEPROM. At block 112, a value CHECKSUM is determined as the two's complement of TRIM, which is the inversion of the binary value of TRIM plus 1. At block 114, the values TRIM and CHECKSUM are written to EEPROM and then, at block 116, are read back from EEPROM. Block 118 compares the sum of the read back values to zero and, if the read back values are summed and equal 0, then it is affirmed that the values TRIM and CHECKSUM were successfully written into the EEPROM memory.
At block 120 a command is output to command a telltale to illuminate for a short time, for example, for 3 seconds, to indicate to the service operator or calibrating technician that the calibration of the trim value (reference 376, FIG. 3) has successfully taken place. The trim set routine is then exited.
Referring now to FIGS. 10a-b, an example implementation of a microprocessor controller for use with this invention is set forth. The controller includes microprocessor 175 which is a Motorola XC68HCO5 P9CDW. The microprocessor 175 shown includes 4 analog to digital inputs; AN 0, AN 1, AN 2 and AN 3. The input AN 3 is grounded as shown. The input AN 2 is coupled to the line B+ (reference 144) via a resistor divider comprising resistors 180 and 182. Capacitor 184 provides suppression of high frequency transients. Analog-to-digital converter AN 1 is coupled to the rotary resistive device 186 that provides the position sensing output signal for the sensor 50. The rotary resistive device is illustrated schematically as reference 186 and is coupled between the regulated 5 volt reference 166 and ground. Rotary resistive device 186 has a center terminal whose position along the resistive path of the rotary resistive device varies in relation to the relative position of the wheel 16 and body 10 (FIG. 1). The output from rotary resistive device 186 is coupled to input AN 1 through resistor 188 and capacitor 190, which provides high frequency noise suppression.
The other analog input for the internal A/D converter AN 0 is coupled to the vehicle ignition line 64, which goes high when the ignition is keyed on. When the vehicle ignition is keyed on, the ignition line 64 pulls line 204 high via the resistor divider comprising resistors 194 and 196. Capacitors 192 and 198 are for high frequency noise suppression. As an option, resistor 202 and diode 200 may be implemented so that resistor 202 is coupled between line 204 and 166 to act as a pull-up bias on line 204. Pin 15 of microprocessor 175 is coupled to the 5 volt reference line 166, as shown, and capacitor 206 provides high frequency noise suppression. The vehicle speed signal comes in the form of pulses on line 66 from a vehicle speed sensor of a known type. The signal is inverted and converted to a 0-5 volt signal on line 219 by the circuit 220 comprising transistor 216, resistors 212, 214 and 218, diode 210 and capacitor 208.
When the vehicle speed signal pulse is low, current flows from the base of transistor 216 through resistor 212 and diode 210 to capacitor 208, turning on transistor 216, providing a high pulse of 5 volts minus one transistor drop on line 219. When the vehicle speed signal pulse on line 66 goes high, diode 210 blocks the current from flowing to the base of transistor 216 and resistor 214 pulls off the base of transistor 216, turning off transistor 216, allowing resistor 218 to pull line 219 low. The advantages of this circuit structure allow universal coupling from a speed sensor at an unregulated voltage level which may be 0-12 volts, 0-8 volts, or any voltage range, to a microprocessor by converting that signal through the circuitry shown to a 0-5 volt signal.
The microprocessor oscillator is controlled by the circuit comprising resistors 170 and 171, tuning crystal 172, for example set at 500 kHz, and capacitors 173 and 174. The positive voltage supply line VDD is connected to the 5 volt regulated supply line 156 and includes high frequency signal suppression capacitors 176 and 178. Voltage regulation is provided by the circuit including regulated voltage IC (LP2951C available National Semiconductor™) shown.
The battery voltage line 20 is connected via capacitor 140 and resistor 142 to line 144 which is clamped by zener diode 146 to a voltage of 27 volts to safeguard against voltage spikes. Diode 148 couples line 144 to the input of voltage regulator 154 and capacitors 150 and 152 connected between line 144 and ground provide high frequency noise suppression. The regulated output of IC 154 is a 5 volt regulated signal on line 156. Resistor 158 couples line 156 to the reset line 160, as shown. The output line 156 also includes noise suppression capacitor 162, coupled to ground as shown. Transistor 164 acts as a switch that allows microprocessor 175 to turn on and off the 5 volt reference on line 166 via resistor 168 coupled to the base of transistor 164. When transistor 164 is controlled on by microprocessor 175, a 5 volt reference minus one transistor drop is provided on line 166.
An advantage provided by the microprocessor controller shown is that lines 38 and 40 both are capable of serving two functions. The first function is a data-in line function for calibrating microprocessor 175. The second function is a data-out line function for purposes of controlling the exhaust valve 134 and compressor relay 16. The third function of each line 38 and 40 is a discrete signal input line for the purpose of system diagnostics, i.e., detecting short-to-ground, short-to-battery, and open circuit faults. Each of these functions will be explained. Line 45 is the data out line for purposes of feedback during calibration of microprocessor 175.
Line 38 is coupled by resistor 234 to line 246 which is coupled to the interface pin PA-3 of microprocessor 175. Analog data on line 38 is coupled via resistor 234 to line 246 where it is received by a discrete input of microprocessor 175. Resistors 234 and 236 act as a resistor divider for the input signals, ensuring that the input pin of the microprocessor 175 does not see too high of a voltage level. Digital data on line 38 is coupled via resistor 232 to inverter 230 which is coupled between the 5 volt regulated supply line 156 and ground, as shown, including capacitor 228. Inverter 230 provides data input on line 237 to the PA-1 interface pin of microprocessor 175. Analog or digital data output from microprocessor 175 can be provided by pin PA-3 to line 246, which is biased normally to ground by resistor 236. The data-out is provided to the input of inverter 238 and, via the resistor divider comprising resistors 240 and 242, to the Darlington pair transistors 244 to drive the data output on line 38. Line 38 can be so driven as a data output and also has enough pull-down via transistors 244 to control a load, such as exhaust valve 34 (FIG. 1). Line 38 is clamped to a maximum voltage level by zener diode 248 and is provided with high frequency suppression by capacitor 250.
Line 40 is coupled to the PA-2, PA-4 pins of microprocessor 175 in a similar manner using resistor 254 and inverter 252 coupling data to line 258, resistor 256 coupling analog information to line 260 and resistor 262, 266 and 268, inverter 264 and transistor pair 270 coupling data from line 260 to line 40. Zener diode 272 and capacitor 274 clamp line 40 and provide high frequency suppression. The PA-5 pin of microprocessor 175 is coupled to line 276 which is coupled via resistor 278 to the blocking valve control line 46 to receive data input. Data output on line 276 is coupled to inverter 284 and from the output thereof via resistor 286 to transistor 288, which drives line 46 for control of the blocking valves 42 and 44. Resistor 280 normally biases line 276 to ground. Zener diode 290 provides a clamping of line 246 and capacitor 292 provides high frequency noise suppression.
In a similar circuit, the PA-6 pin of microprocessor 175 is connected to line 294, which is coupled to line 45 via resistor 296 to receive data input. Resistors 296 and 298 together act as a resistor divider for input signals on line 45. Inverter 300 receives data out from pin PA-6 on line 294, inverts that data and couples the data via resistor divider comprising resistors 302 and 304 to transistor 306 to drive line 45 to provide either a data output or an analog output function. Zener diode 308 clamps line 45 and capacitor 310 provides high frequency noise suppression. Line 45 is coupled to a telltale lamp and is used to drive the lamp.
The circuit comprising resistor 222, capacitor 226 and memory IC 224 (NM93C06, available from National Semiconductor™) provides the EEPROM. While an external EEPROM is shown, a microprocessor 175 with an internal EEPROM can be used as a suitable alternative.
The above description of a leveling system according to this invention provides several advantages and features including the automatic trim set that eliminates the need for external equipment, such as an external vehicle leveler and/or an external programming computer, while accounting for the presence of a service operator in the vehicle. Also, a control system is provided with an advantageous package design that includes the rotary resistive device and the microprocessor controller in the same package that generally comprises the sensor and controller housing. Further, the number of connections necessary to program microprocessor 75, control the system and monitor signal lines is limited to eight through the use of the circuit set-up, according to this invention that provides up to three functions on the single signal line: including data input, analog input and data output.
The above-described implementation to this invention are example implementations. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the example microprocessor implementation shown in FIGS. 10a-b is an example implementation and that any suitable microprocessor-based controller capable of performing suitable leveling control for use with this invention is an equivalent to the example shown in FIGS. 10a-b. Moreover, various other improvements and modifications to this invention may occur to those skilled in the art and such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of this invention as set forth below.
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text: I"m going to get a slayer and I've been wondering how long the double AA batterys in the car's receiver will last before they need to be replaced. I know there is a rx rechargable pack you can buy, but I'm short on money so I'll have to use double AA's. Does anyone know how long they will last?

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GREAT VALUE HERE AT $2999 FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THIS VEHICLE PLEASE CONTACT CRAIG ON 909 730 1555 MIKE ON 909 644 6220 OR... More
For sale in our St. Louis showroom is The King of the Hill as it was called when released in 1990. The Corvette ZR-1.... More
You're viewing a 1991 Chevrolet Sportside Custom pickup truck. This little beauty has had faux wood paint treatment on the mirrors door handles side... More
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timeless Corvette C4 design, yellow exterior, black leather interior, black convertible top, original Goodyear Eagle P275/40R 17 low profile blackwall tires, L98 350 cu... More
CORVETTE: 1991 convertible, matching numbers, 350, automatic, air, yellow, black, black, original, 2 owners, 47,000 miles, $18,000. Richs Cars, 816-847-6500, MO; www.kouryinvestments.com**47-YR**... More


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
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03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
EVERYBODY IS IN trailer 2012
A Snowboarding video by onboard - 1,722 views
Here we go, time to drop the trailer ! Last winter has been a tough one for sure, we traveled a lot, we hiked a lot, we dug and built a lot, we met new awesome people and we lost a brother, we laughted hard and we've suffered hard, but always putting so much passion in what we were doing. Because we love it. Now, after an insanely hot summer spent editing, we're ready to share our past season's mad adventures with all of you. So please Ladies and Gentlemans sit back, relax, turn the volume up and enjoy the 2012 "Everybody Is In" trailer !
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Hey, food fans who dare not enter the casino (we're not judging)! Crown is offering a special chance to try some of their glorious restaurants' cuisines in a breezy picnic-style setting at the Crown Riverwalk. Nobu, the Atlantic, Bistro Guillaume, Mr Hive Kitchen & Bar, the Merrywell and Number 8 will all take part, each serving dishes that reflect the theme of the event: earth. Admission is free with the price of dishes ranging from $5-$15. So you can sit back and enjoy while Rekorderlig, Matilda Bay, Treasury Wines, San Pellegrino and Coffee Victoria provide the beverages and jazz bands and street artists provide the entertainment.
The Hit List: our guide to the essential Melbourne restaurants to conquer


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Neyers Zinfandel Del Barba Vineyard 2011
Neyers - California - United States - Central Coast - Contra Costa County
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Additional Information on Neyers Zinfandel Del Barba Vineyard 2011
Vintage: 2011
The year 2011 was an interesting year for many northern and central European countries, as the weather was more than unpredictable in the spring and summer. However, in most countries, the climatic conditions thankfully settled down in the late summer and fall. The result of this slightly difficult year of weather in France was a set of surprisingly small yields, but overall, these yields were of a higher quality than those harvested in certain previous years. A fantastic set of wines was also made in Italy and Spain, and the Rioja wines - when released - are set to be very good indeed. Austria also had superb year in 2011, with almost fifty percent more grapes being grown and used for their distinctive Gruner Veltliner wines than in the year before. Possibly the European country which had the finest 2011, though, was Portugal, with wineries in the Douro region claiming this year to be one of the best in decades for the production of Port wine, and the bright, young Vinho Verdes wines. In the New World, the Pacific Northwest saw some of the best weather of 2011, and Washington State and Oregon reportedly had a highly successful year, especially for the cultivation of high quality red wine grapes. Chile and Argentina had a relatively cool year, which certainly helped retain the character of many of their key grape varietals, and should make for some exciting drinking. South Africa had especially good weather for their white wine grape varietals, particularly Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, and many South African wineries are reporting 2011 as one of their best years in recent memory.
Varietal: Zinfandel
Zinfandel grapes are renowned for being quite fast growing and somewhat vigorous, thriving best in climates which are warm, but not too hot. As Zinfandel grapes are thin skinned, they are prone to dry and shrivel in too much heat, and due to the fact that they grow in large, tightly packed bunches, they are also sensitive to rot. As such, Zinfandel is a grape variety which requires quite a lot of care and attention, but which can produce beautiful results given the right conditions. Indeed, this grape varietal is often praised for the fact that it is one which can demonstrate the skill and expertise of the winery processing it, and clearly demonstrates the features of the terroir it is grown. Partly this is due to those thin skins – the lower tannin content in the wines allows other features of the grape to come forward and be displayed in all their various glories. The grapes themselves are known to ripen early, and produce plenty of juice with a high sugar content. It is not unusual, however, for wineries to take a late harvest of Zinfandel grapes, and the concentrated sugars and over-ripe fruits often make for excellent dessert wines, also.
Region: California
When it comes to New World wine regions, it is widely agreed that many of the finest wines are grown and produced in California. The long stretches of coastline and the valleys and mountainsides which come off them are ideal areas for vine cultivation, and for over a century now, wineries have found a perfect home in the hot, dry state, with many of the wines produced here going on to reach world class status. The state is greatly helped by the brisk oceanic winds which cool the otherwise hot and dry vineyards, which hold mineral rich soils covering vast areas and featuring many established wineries. The state is split into four main regions, the largest by far being the central valley which stretches over three hundred miles in length.
Country: United States
For three hundred years now, the United States has been leading the New World in wine production, both in regards to quantity and quality. Wine is actually produced in all fifty states across the country, with California leading the way by an enormous margin. Indeed, as much as eighty-nine percent of all wines to come out of the United States are produced in California, where the fertile soils and sloping mountain sides, coupled with the long, hot summers provide ideal conditions for producing high quality, European style red, white and rosé wines. With over a million acres of the country under vine, the United States sits comfortably as the fourth largest wine producer in the world, where imported grape varietals from all over the Old World are processed using a successful blend of traditional and contemporary techniques.
Appellation: Central Coast
The Central Coast of California is a hugely important wine producing region, which makes an impressive amount of wine each year. As with many of the Californian wine regions, Central Coast benefits hugely from the hot Californian sunshine, and the superb soil types which typify the area. Central Coast itself is an impressive stretch of land, covering over two hundred and fifty miles of Pacific coastline, within which there are over 90,000 acres of vineyards. The region mainly cultivates French and Italian grape varietals, used for the production of both red and white wines of high quality and superb character. The wineries of Central Coast are dedicated to experimentation and innovation in viticulture, and as such, the region is home to many of the New World's most interesting and enticing wines.
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Total Enrollment: 52,793
Institution Size: 20,000 and above
Campus Setting: Urban
Religious Affiliation: Baptist
Highest Degree Offered: Doctoral
School Calendar Type: Semester
Total Undergrad Enrollment: 32,950
Total Grad Enrollment: 19,843
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" , Liberty University now has a highly competitive law school program with knowledgeable professors. "
" opportunities for students to prepare for future employment and involvement in a secular society. "
" The instructors truly show they care and engage the students "
the way they teach and the way they make you feel everyday in class.
its expensive BUT its worth every penny
There are many things I appreciate about Liberty University. I appreciate the clean atmosphere (dress code keeps the students neat and respectable), the location of the school (it's located in a...
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The Christ-centered atmosphere is the best aspect of Liberty University. But best of all Liberty University has a accredited online school and campus. This school is located in Lynchburg, Va, where...
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Posts Tagged 'Last Comic Standing Ratings'
August 15th, 2014 at 8:30 am
TV Ratings Thursday: 'Last Comic Standing' Finale Rises + 'The Quest' & 'NY Med' Flat
CBS and Univision tied for number one among adults 18-49, but CBS led with total viewers.[Read-More]
August 13th, 2014 at 1:55 pm
'Big Brother' & 'Pretty Little Liars' Top Social TV Rankings for the Week of August 4-10
Big Brother was the top broadcast show on General Sentiment's social TV chart, while Pretty Little Liars was the top cable show[Read-More]
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NBC Ranks #2 for the Week of August 4-10 Among the Big 4 in Adults 18-49 and Total Viewers
'America's Got Talent' Generates the Week's #1 and #2 Rankings Among Primetime Big 4 Shows in Total Viewers[Read-More]
August 12th, 2014 at 8:11 am
TV Ratings Broadcast Top 25: 'Big Brother' Tops Week 46 With Adults 18-49; 'America's Got Talent' Wins With Total Viewers
Broadcast top 25 rankings for the week.[Read-More]
August 11th, 2014 at 10:35 am
Roseanne, Russell Peters & Finalists Nikki, Lachlan and Rod Man Perform on 'Last Comic Standing' Finale
Plus, "Comic Comeback" Winner Alingon Mitra Performs[Read-More]
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Thursday's final ratings.[Read-More]
August 8th, 2014 at 2:40 pm
NBC's 'Last Comic Standing' Hits Seven-Week High in Total Viewers
"Last Comic Standing" (1.0/3 in 18-49, 3.4 million viewers overall from 10-11 p.m. ET) hit a seven-week high in total viewers[Read-More]
August 8th, 2014 at 8:55 am
TV Ratings Thursday: Pre-Season Football Inflates Everything Including 'Big Brother' & 'Rookie Blue'
CBS was number one among adults 18-49 and with total viewers.[Read-More]


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The Boy with the Sapphire Eyes
Gracie is a rich girl with an even richer heart.
What can I say? I love Harry Potter, Simple Plan and all my friends and family. My idols are JK Rowling and Emma Watson. My dog always gets the best seat on the couch but I still love him to bits. I'm not perfect and neither are you.
Gracie is a rich girl with an even richer heart.
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Charlotte Caslick is the classic modern-day Rugby Sevens player – pacy, durable, with footy smarts by the bucket load. The scrum-half from Corinda just outside of Brisbane is already a dual international having represented her country at the Australian Youth Olympic Festival and 2013 Rugby Sevens World Cup as well as playing for Touch Football Australia at both age-grade and open levels.
Charlotte was named in World Rugby's 2014/15 Team of the Season after another stellar season.
RWC Sevens caps: 1 (2013)
Representative Honours: Touch Football Australia, Australian Youth Olympic Festival, Queensland


text:
2002 GMC Yukon XL Denali Q&A
2002 GMC Yukon XL Denali Question: reference to replacement of oil filter
So if it is important to replace an oil filter at least once a year, is it practical, common, good maintenance, or over charged, unnecessary to charge for 3 oil filters to be replaced in the vehicle for the time period around the following dates of service repairs that list these parts charged for replacement: 1. Between Jan.10 and Jan 30, a service charge for oil filter - 2. Between April 30 and May 15, a service charge for oil filter- 3. Between July 09 and July 13, a service charge for oil filter, and not to mention, the mileage between #1- being 89,130 miles, and for #99546 and #3 being 104,821 miles; these all don't seem suspiscious? - robsgirl4eva
Answer 1
They don't necessarily seem suspicious. The oil filter should be changed when the engine oil is changed, and to change your oil three times in around 15,000 miles is not excessive. Does your truck have an oil life monitor--does it tell you when you should change your oil, or do you go by mileage? Either way, doing the filter with the new oil is good maintenance. - matte
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This is delicious. I had seen the original Cooking Light recipe which called for 2 Tbsp butter & 2-3 tsp water for the streusel so those were the quantities I used. Otherwise made recipe as posted except for using low-fat (not fat-free) condensed milk and heaping amounts of the spices in the filling (especially the ginger & cinnamon). The only change I will make next time is to add maybe 1/4-1/2 tsp salt to the filling. Thanks for sharing!
This is a very good pumpkin pie, and I am not even a pumpkin pie fan. The struesel topping really makes this pie. I omitted the nuts (due to allergies) and just doubled the oats instead.


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My mom told me she really wanted me to join Match as a Mothers Day present. So I did and used her credit card.
I'm a professional but a total goofball with a ton of wit and sass. I'm someone who knows all the weird facts about New York without the social awkwardness. Liberal and open minded to all, confident but imperfect, intellectually curious and very observant. I'm an urban planner and work for the City in emergency management and freight logistics. I'm passionate about solid waste, affordable housing, transportation and more. Caring for the environment and helping underserved populations are really important to me and are passions at the office and outside of work. My favorite movies are mostly from the 80s: Coming to America, Trading Places, All three Beverly Hills Cop (do you see an Eddie Murphy trend here?) Ghostbusters and Airplane! I also love anything Mel Brooks touches, that man is a god. I have a terrible sweet tooth the result of growing up near a fantastic bakery; sweets where always in the house. I'm lucky enough to walk to work so I try to listen to podcasts along the way: Radiolab, wait wait, Here's the thing, etc. After work I'm either out with friends, attending some city lecture or lounging on the couch watching TV. Some favorites are: Mad Men, Veep, and of course NY1 in the mornings - I don't know what I'd do if Pat Kiernan was ever sent back to Canada. A hobby of mine is daydreaming about a future apartment and how I'll decorate it. Honesty is a big requirement for me and a partner in a relationship. I'm looking for someone who shares my sense of humor and has a passion for something. An intellectual and intelligent fellow who wants to go outside and do something.
Camping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering
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Dessert with milk.
Trying to get back into riding my bike this summer. Just need to find a way to gracefully shlep it upstairs and store it in my apartment.
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Build-Up to The Office Finale
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April 27 2013, 01:10 AM
Rear Admiral
Location: Patrolling Sector 2814
Re: Build-Up to The Office Finale
I hope it's the end of that subplot, so they can focus on other things. The whole thing smacked of "we need to create tension in the relationship" and was one of my least favorite storylines leading up to the finale.
Last night's episode was pretty good. I've been re-watching season 2 recently and it's clear that even good episodes these past few seasons are way far behind in quality to even the average episodes from seasons 2 through early 4.
"When I reach for the edge of the universe, I do it knowing that along some paths of cosmic discovery, there are times when, at least for now, one must be content to love the questions themselves." --Neil deGrasse Tyson
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text: Background Checking—The Use of Criminal Background Checks in Hiring Decisions 7/19/2012 Permissions Approximately two-thirds (69%) of organizations reported that they conduct criminal background checks on all of their job candidates. Roughly one-half of organizations conduct criminal background checks to reduce legal liability for negligent hiring (52%) and to ensure a safe work environment for employees (49%). The top two convictions that are very influential in the decision not to extend a job offer are violent felonies (96%) and nonviolent felonies (74%). However, about three-fifths (58%) of organizations allow job candidates to explain the results of their criminal checks before the decision to hire or not to hire is made. Background Checking—The Use of Criminal Background Checks in Hiring Decisions Click here to download a copy of this survey. Permissions Links Related Content 4% of Home Health Agency Workers Have Criminal Past More Employers Letting Candidates Explain Conviction Records Court Rules LinkedIn Searches Are Not Background Checks Amazon, Staffing Company Sued Under FCRA Supreme Court Will Review FCRA Action TOP PICKS: COMPENSATION Compensation Data Center Accurate and customized salary information Seminar: Compensation Essentials Attend in person around the U.S. or virtually from anywhere Compensation Handbook Guide to the most critical issues compensation and human resources professionals face today HR Salaries How do your pay expectations compare? From HR Jobs Esssentials of HR Management Seminar looks at comp & benefit, compliance, performance management and more Executive Compensation Authoritative guide to executive compensation--updated for today's business environment SHRM Benchmarks See how your rewards stack up Participate in Salary Surveys Express Request: Learn how to get free survey data by being part of a study. Aligning Business and Compensation Strategy SHRM E-Learning course Swipe for more! ADVERTISING LINKS


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1995 Nissan Quest Q&A
1995 Nissan Quest Question: ****UPDATE**** on the 95 mercury villager/nissan quest with bad knock sensor
SO I Finally bought a compression tester and did a compression tester on the van. All but one cylinder has good compression.. one cylinder has zero compression! I don't know how this could have happened! It's a low mileage engine..108k.. Did I cause this problem? Could a weak cylinder be the reason it had been throwing a knock sensor code?? Any suggestions what it could be? probably the rings? Thanks in advance, Any Advice is appreciated - damnvillager
Answer 1
YES ON KNOCK SENSOR CODE,MOST LIKELY VALVE PROBLEM CAUSING LOW/NO COMP. CAN PUT ABOUT A TABLE SPOON OF OIL IN THAT CYL. THEN CHECK COMP. IF IT COMES UP SUSPECT RING PROBLEM,IF NOT SUSPECT VALVE PROBLLEM. EITHHER WAY THAT HEAD WILL NEED TO COME OFF. GET A MECHANIC TO LOOK AT IT BEFOR ANY WORK! REMOTE POSS. STICKING VALVE. GOOD LUCK! - pushrod
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Often visited as a day trip from nearby Shanghai, Hangzhou has much more to see and do than is possible to fit into one day. So enchanting are the waters of West Lake (Xi Hu) and the peaks of the ... Read more
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Teahouses are everywhere in Shanghai?certainly no surprise given that tea is an integral part of the history, culture and daily life in China. Today, the teahouse serves as a meeting place for people ... Read more
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Hangzhou, nicknamed Heaven on Earth and the source of inspiration for numerous poets, writers and artists over the centuries, is considered by many to be China?s most beautiful city. If you prefer ... Read more
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Hangzhou, considered to be one of the most beautiful and romantic cities in China, also has one of China?s best nightlife scenes out of Shanghai. Bars, cafes, nightclubs and KTVs stay open through ... Read more
Things to Do with Kids in Shanghai
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It might not seem so at first glance, but if you look carefully, Shanghai is a surprisingly family friendly destination with a lot to keep kids of all ages entertained. Here are ten ideas for things ... Read more
The French Concession
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Strolling through Shanghai ?s French Concession is akin to stepping back in time. A far cry from the fast pace and ultramodern look of most of Shanghai, the sleepy tree-lined streets of this old ... Read more
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With more than 23 million people, Shanghai is China?s largest city. While it?s possible to get to and from the city?s best sights by taxi or by taking the Metro, riding a bike allows you to explore ... Read more
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With its stunning modern skyline, thriving riverfront neighborhoods, world class restaurants and variety of day trip options to quaint rural villages, Shanghai is one of Asia?s most romantic ... Read more
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Shanghai winters might be cold and overcast, but they?re also largely tourist-free before and after the holidays. If you plan your visit during the annual Chinese New Year , you?ll get to ... Read more


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39 year old woman | Troy, NC, USA | Seeking men 32-42 in United States
Smart, sexy and entertaining..and spontaneous...what i am and searching for..
9/5 So my newest realization is that I've missed my family sooo much over the years .. time will tell. I've decided to stick around a couple of months ..LA isn't really going anywhere..It will be just as magical any day I arrive!! 6/24 Im in Nc for another 8-12 weeks due to my little boy pom, kobi's leg injury.. i'm here for the summer it seems, staying with my family before I move back to Los Angeles. About me. i'm friendly, fun, career driven, and a social butterfly. I am looking for someone who is crazy fun, spontaneous, unpredictable..in a good way. A man who is passionate about his goals in life and determined to reach them.. A man who adores his family, especially his mother. A kindhearted sweetheart.. who is artistic or musical or just into the arts in some way... fashion savvy perhaps.. I am looking for the complete package on the outside and on the inside.. hopefully someday my search will end in success and happiness... Please Note: I know I'm in a remote area.. very little cell reception to say the least, but I grew up here and all my family still resides here... with that being said, I'm willing to meet halfway, but not all the way! there are a few decent restaurants within 30 miles in any direction .. I always go "Dutch" so don't feel you owe me or I owe you anything. I'm very choosy so don't take offense if I don't respond.. but take it as a compliment if I do. This is definitely not the dating scene I am used to. I've lived most of my adult life in LA, NYC, and Denver and traveled the world...I take care of myself and look younger than I am and expect you to as well!!! i post my real age because i don't want to start anything with a lie. I don't date guys with kids whatsoever.. but I'll hang out with you if we get along. Im not attracted to guys with bald heads, scary mustaches, or tattoos all over the body. I tend to get along best with my fellow air and fire signs, FYI Aquarius, Gemini, Libra, Leo, Sagittarius..Aries occasionally Virgos and earth signs. Bluntly speaking, water signs: Pisces, Cancer, Scorpio.. are just too emotional/sensitive overall...and a NO in my world unless you have a very compromising air/fire chart...and if you don't understand that then don't waste your time because I study astrology and numerology among other metaphysics interests. just being honest here.. because if you are "not displaying your sign" or "don't believe in it" then we aren't a match but no fear, the majority is in your favor, not mine. reconsidering showing your sign..please do
Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Wine tasting
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Dogs
Secrets of the Millionaire Mind
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'11" (180cms) to 6'4" (193cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark blonde
|No preference
|Cigar aficionado
|No Way, Occasionally, Cigar aficionado, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately
|Self-Employed / Entrepreneur
|Artistic / Creative / Performance, Executive / Management, Financial / Accounting / Real Estate, Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness, Sales / Marketing, Self-Employed / Entrepreneur, Fashion / Model / Beauty, Architecture / Interior design
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Latino / Hispanic, Middle Eastern, White / Caucasian
|Christian / Protestant
|Agnostic, Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Other, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|No preference


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"Pads and a helmet are very important," says Charlotte. "A cricket ball is really hard! Wearing protective gear gives you confidence. Helmets are mandatory for under-18s but I would always wear one. You can lose your looks and your teeth if you get hurt."
Choosing a shot
"I decide on my shot as soon as the bowler releases the ball," says Charlotte. "I try to pick out the line of the ball and move my feet accordingly. The hardest thing is judging the length. Children need to learn this at an early age. You need to move back if it's pitched short, forward if the pitch is fuller."
Hit a six
When you want to make a big hit you must keep your cool. "Don't try to hit the ball too hard," explains Charlotte. " Resist that temptation and try to time it right. Keep your shape and only try a big hit with the right ball where you can get under it and try to get it in the air."
Defensive shot
When the bowler delivers a good ball a batter may play a defensive shot rather than try to score runs. "It's very important to protect your stumps," says Charlotte. "For a defensive shot keep your bat straight and try to play the ball downwards so you can't be caught."
"Cricket is a cruel game and you have to be mentally tough," says Charlotte. "One bad shot and you're out. Concentration is key because you can be two or three hours at the crease. Just don't fear failure and always be positive. Even if you have just scored a duck try to think you will get a century next time!"
Cricket is full of confusing terms! Here's a quick Sported guide:
Boundary: The perimeter of a cricket field.
Crease: The area where the batter stands.
Duck: A score of zero.
Googly: A clever spin bowl designed to confuse a batter.
Pitch: The bounce of the ball.
Stumps: The three vertical wooden posts a batter must protect.
Silly mid-on: A fielding position that puts you in the batter's line of fire.
• For more information on women's cricket visit ecb.co.uk/women


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Geila Hocherman is the author of the new cookbook, Kosher Revolution. She attended La Varenne and has received certificates from Paris's Cordon Bleu and Manhattan's Peter Kump's Cooking School, now the Institute of Culinary Education. She was gourmet food buyer for Bloomingdales, worked as a private kosher caterer, and was a prep-cook at the Food Network. She has also contributed to the former kosher-cooking site, bfruitfull.com.
What is the Kosher Revolution?


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Select Local Merchants
Vancouver CanadiansRead MoreThe Vancouver Canadians are the only affiliated minor-league team in Canada. As a Triple-A team in the Pacific Coast League between 1978 and 1999, they claimed three championships as well as a Triple-A World Series. In 2011, the Canadians became the Toronto Blue Jays' short-season class-A affiliate, taking home the Northwest League's championship title that year, beginning a streak of three consecutive titles. The team plays its home games at Nat Bailey Stadium, which was built in 1951, a storied time in baseball when a hot dog cost a nickel and a tie was settled with a ten-step duel.4601 Ontario StVancouver, BC CA
Rage Cage Training ComplexRead MoreThe crack of bats rings out into the air at Rage Cage Training Complex's eight outdoor batting cages, part of a sprawling facility where players hone their baseball and softball skills. The cages can whip baseballs at slow, medium, and fast speeds as well as slow-pitch softball throws, and the 4,200-square-foot indoor facility touts a retail shop and space for lessons. During the offseason, professional athletes host clinics that help young players improve their mechanics and give rookie mascots a chance to practice dodging foul balls.1520 112th St. SWEverett, WA US
Northshore Sports ComplexRead MoreBaseball players can't skimp on their hitting, pitching, and catching skills if they want to dominate the game—a fact that the instructors at Northshore Sports Complex know well. In 1982, Cody Webster earned the title of MVP while playing for the Kirkland Nationals All-Star Team—the first US team to win the Little League World Series. He continued to play throughout high school and college, and went on to coach for Pepsi Baseball. His cohort, Eve Gaw has spent a combined eleven years with the University of Washington softball program as a student athlete, volunteer assistant coach in the late 90's and assistant coach from 2005-2008. Together, the duo shares the task of teaching students the fundamentals of the game inside batting and pitching cages. Surrounded by a chain-link fence and divided by safety nets, their astro-turfed cages shelter machines that launch baseballs and softballs straight down the plate. These projectiles can reach speeds up to 85mph, which would be really scary if the baseballs weren't tranquilized beforehand. Sans the machines, pairs can take to the cages to hone their pitching and catching abilities.14220 Northeast 193rd PlaceWoodinville, WA US
Rijo AthleticsRead MoreRijo Athletics?founded by former Mets player, current St. Louis Cardinals scout, and the author of the popular Creating Winning Relationship Through Sports Jose Rijo-Berger?helps baseball and softball players, teams, and coaches polish up their craft with a variety of skill drills, camps, and hands-on practice sessions at reasonable prices. Pitchers perfect not only their form and speed, but also their techniques for reducing injury risk, and batters develop their own unique swing pattern in the state-of-the-art batting cages, whether they're a power hitter, contact hitter, or telekinetic hitter. Batting cages are 20 feet high and 15 feet wide with white tops for maximum performance fit for baseball, fast pitch, and slow pitch softball, and simulated video pitching system ProBatter help fast pitch and softball pitchers hone their delivery. Players perform their feats of athleticism in one of eight indoor batting cages and on a full sized outdoor field turf field.22620 State Rte. 9 SEWoodinville, WA US
Seattle MarinersRead MoreThe Seattle Mariners have represented Washington since 1977. And since 1999, the team has dazzled hometown crowds at Safeco Field. The park boasts an elaborate scoreboard system that features the largest video screen in baseball. A convertible rooftop covers the ballpark without closing it off, preserving an open-air environment that allows fans to bask in fresh Seattle breezes.1250 1st Ave. SSeattle, WA US
Sammamish Baseball AcademyRead MoreEstablished: 2007 Reservations/Appointments: Required Staff Size: 11?25 people Average Duration of Services: 30?60 minutes Brands Used: Easton Handicap Accessible: Yes Parking: Parking lot Most Popular Attraction/Offering: Batting cages and retail area Recommended Age Group: All ages Pro Tip: [Wear] tennis shoes only on turf. It can be hard to know exactly what areas you need to improve upon as an athlete, which is why facilities such as Sammamish Baseball Academy exist. Players here can train with everyone from former college and minor-league players to those who have played in the majors, including Ian Gac. These trainers use RightView Pro video-analysis software to break down a young player's mechanics and compare them to those of current major leaguers, as well as teach them the fundamentals, including calligraphy for future autographs. Young players practice on the 11,500-square-foot facility's clay bullpen mound with three pitching rubbers, in its full-size weight room, and in its four batting cages, which are retractable and open up to help players work on their defensive skills. Two of the cages are equipped with an ATEC pitching machine, which hurls balls and "hey batter batter" chants so players will be prepared for future games. While players train, parents can hang out in a lounge equipped with free WiFi and TV.18047 Northeast 68th StreetRedmond, WA US


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Original recipe yields 12 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
I rated this recipe, but I had to adjust the ingredients according to what I had available. I also did not measure anything; I just went by how much I thought I wanted of each indredient and 'd...
Very nice! this is an iranian side dish! not greek! its called masto-khiyar. We serve it at every lunch/dinner along with salad!
Easy, fresh and delicious. I had to use regular cucumbers as that's what I had and I did add just 1 tsp. fresh minced onion. Very nice with the mint. Thank you.


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Manchester United travel to Villa park this Saturday for the Third Round of the FA Cup, with the hope of putting on a more convincing performance in contrast to those we've seen in the past few weeks. Whilst picking up most of the points on offer over the festive period, United seemed to be missing the cutting edge we have become accustomed to. Most notable are the past two games we've played against West Ham and Birmingham, with the reds losing out on all of the points at Upton Park, and clinging on to their one goal advantage at Old Trafford on New Year's Day.
A couple of seasons ago, we would have drawn or lost the game we just saw out against Birmingham. We have the 'luck of the Champions' at the moment, enabling us to grind out results we don't seem to entirely deserve, more often than not. One moment of brilliance was all it took to collect the three points after firing blanks for much of the rest of the match. United really seem to struggle to keep their attention spans and urgency levels up when we're playing the 'smaller' teams, as we saw against McLeish's men. It is for this reason I am content with knowing we've got a team fighting for a top six place in the Cup, rather than a non-league no mark side.
If you look at United over the past few years in the Cup, they have more often than not breezed through to the Fourth Round. However, there have been two stumbling blocks; non-league sides Burton Albion in 2006 and Exeter City in 2005, who both forced us to a replay.
At a time when United are struggling to get themselves up for the 'smaller' teams, I am grateful that we have a more difficult game to focus our attention on. Villa Park has been kind to us over the years, whether facing Villa or playing in other Cup fixtures, and that is just what we need to help us along. A 0-0 with a lower league side would be on the cards for this weekend had we been drawn such opposition.
United are going to struggle somewhat with their lineup, following the injury to Carlos Tevez on New Year's Day. Wayne Rooney should have recovered, meaning we could play a similar team and formation to that which faced Birmingham, only with Rooney leading the pack instead of our Argentinian. Park played well and deserves his spot in the starting lineup for the Cup, presumably with Ronaldo or Giggs acting in the supporting role. It remains to be seen whether Louis Saha is able to hack a place in starting lineup, with Ferguson chopping and changing what he feels our striker can handle.
It will be a tough game, no doubt about it, but I'd much rather us see a more difficult team at this stage, forcing us to be on top of our game, rather than putting on a poor show against a team of nobodies!
Will this current uninspired United line up get the result they want on Saturday?
Made in Manchester is available for just £3. Some of the best football writers take a player each, from Sir Bobby Charlton to Ryan Giggs, George Best to David Beckham, Duncan Edwards to Paul Scholes, and many more, with 30 articles in total. All profit goes to Trafford Macmillan so please support this fantastic cause.


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I'm currently inbetween jobs (which means hopelessly unemployed), but at a point right now where I just want an adventure, not to just grind at a minimum wage jobs and letting my dreams die.
I'm hoping to work in medicine in the future, that's my ambition, even though I'm kinda clumsy.
Also alot of my time is spent peacefully resting with a game or a book and one of my lovely cats. I would love to talk and meet some new friends/ people. Especially if you like gaming or having a friendly debate.
I don't know what else to put here so yea... meow


text: You taking input on that last statement? Oh yeah, liking what I'm reading! I started my year trading frames with Riverman, got a set of 14' Maxxons and assembled my cataraft. Can haul lots of gear, me and two friends or best of all, my whole family. It just does not get better than this: View attachment 37481 And these water proof and warm protective pants with integrated footwear and designed for kids fly rods with a lower handle to ease the intro to fly fishing. View attachment 37482 Quite a few outings on that boat and the water with great friends, but the Yakima trip with the whole family and the friends we shared that great weekend with was the best trip, despite several really awesome trips, this year. Close contenders: Used water master kodiak (thanks to Commander Scoones for the pick and delivery and to Freestone for the outrageous find!) Fishpond Flint Hills Vest...this was a gift for father's day. Best vest for carrying only what you need that I've ever tried.


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Mavis Staples & Ruthie Foster
8 PM Fri, Feb 15, 2013
Venue: Zeiterion Theatre
684 Purchase Street, New Bedford, MA 02740
0 people saved this
TICKETS: $40/$37.50/$35 Two generations of blues artists share the stage for one night of soulful music! Lifetime Grammy�® Award-winner and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee Mavis Staples blazes a rhythm and blues trail while never relinquishing her gospel roots. Singer-songwriter Ruthie Foster has an electrifying voice that bristles with soul. Both artists will be backed up by a band of world class artists making this show unforgettable.
RambleWild: Getting Wild in the Berkshires This Summer
From gleaming waterfalls to majestic panoramic views there's never any shortage of ways to...
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large convertible clutch
A versatile bag with multiple pockets and more than one option for how to use it. Grab the wristband and you've got an oversized clutch or a stylish tablet holder. Clip on the removable strap to put it over your shoulder instead.
- Fold-over snap closure with belt accent
- Removable shoulder strap
- Two interior compartments, slip and zip pockets
- 10" tall x 13 3/4" long x 1 1/2" wide
- Synthetic
- Imported


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WASHINGTON — No, it's not a platoon, says Charlie Manuel. But evidence suggests otherwise.
Yet again, John Mayberry Jr. starts with a lefthander on the mound. This instance is particularly interesting because of the pitcher. Raul Ibanez has fantastic career numbers (12 for 25 with five extra-base hits) against John Lannan.
But it's Mayberry in left field and not Ibanez.
Mayberry deserves the playing time. Exactly half of his 48 total hits have gone for extra bases, a mind-numbing ratio. He homered Friday and his favor with the manager grows by the day.


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Very informative and dramatic video. I teach Biology and use in my classes.Published 2 months ago by L. Schenck
Classic teaching tool for biology & anatomy classes. Must have!Published 3 months ago by Matt Popnoe
Beautifully done! Would highly recommend this documentary to all new parents to be. ButPublished 3 months ago by Happy
Loaned it to an expectant mother and never got it back. Need to purchase another copy. Marvelous video!Published 7 months ago by Teri Kinloch
Best film ever, teaches a mom (and teens!) everything there is to know about how a baby is created, and follows that creation from conception to birth. Read morePublished 7 months ago by Angela T. Roberts
This is a wonderful DVD to share with my Curious 8 year old! We now have a full understanding in the 'Miracle of Life'Published 9 months ago by Sarah
The best classic...better than other made even later in time....Published 10 months ago by P J Gammarano
Have been looking for this in dvd for a long time. Had it in vhs. There's not as much reverence for life as there should be. This is a beautifully made film. Read morePublished 10 months ago by maryellen
I love this DVD, watched it several times. DVD was in perfect condition.Published 11 months ago by Joy
|From this Discussion
|Can someone tell me 3 facts from the movie?
"Free Energy" and "Perpetual Motion" are impossible.
Man-made Global Warming is utter nonsense, and in fact, a trend of Global Cooling has been recorded for several years.
Obama is the worst president in the history of the US.
May 10, 2009 by TheNilvarg | See all 2 posts


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Credit : John Sciulli/Getty ImagesEarn Points
Revenge Stars Attend Tyler Shields's MOUTHFUL Exhibit (PHOTOS)
We love it when co-stars are besties, and the cast of Revenge always seems to be hanging out. As they prepare for the finale of their first season this Wednesday (May 23), four of the show's stars attended photographer Tyler Shields' exhibit titled MOUTHFUL, presented by Armani Exchange.
The actors were Tyler's (Shields NOT Barrol) subjects in a sexy photo shoot earlier this year, and are clearly still big fans of his work.