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John P. Kennedy Data Processing Librarian Georgia Institute of Technology Library, Atlanta A LOCAL MARC PROJECT: THE GEORGIA TECH LIBRARY The final report on the MARC II format describes the MARC Project as follows: The MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) Pilot Project was an ex- periment to test the feasibility of distributing Library of Congress cataloging in machine-readable form to a variety of users. This project grew out of the conviction of many librarians that automation was becoming necessary if librarieswere to keep up with the rising tide of new materials and the mounting demand for rapid information. Although there were other library procedures which stood to profit from mechanization, it was felt that devising a method of recording bibliographical information in machine- readable form was basic to the solution of other problems. . . . Essential to such an exchange of data is a standardized "communica- tions format." It recognized that each institution may have an individ- is ualized local format tailored to its own needs. Many kinds of machines will probably be used. But if an institution is to send or receive data, only a single translationprogram should be necessary to convert the local format from or to the communications format. 1 Distribution of MARC tapes began in November 1966. The pilot project phase ended officially in June 1967, but since that time the Library of Congress has continued distribution of tapes to the participating libraries. These libraries have written reports on their experiences in the pilot project and these reports have been published by the Library of Congress as a part of on the MARC Pilot Project. the final report The Information Systems Office at LC has designed a new MARC II format based on the experience gained in the MARC Pilot Project and 199 200 continued study and consultation. A report on the MARC II format and an announcement about the services to be offered on a subscription basis should be released soon. It is expected that the subscription service will begin about October 1968. The Price Gilbert Memorial Library at the Georgia Institute of Technol- ogy was one of the sixteen libraries selected for participation in the Pilot Project. I will describe our use of the MARC records as one input to a catalog production system at the Georgia Tech Library. ENVIRONMENT OF THE SYSTEM The Georgia Institute of Technology offers no degrees in the hu- manities or social sciences. Restriction of the curriculum to courses in science and technology, except for a few survey and introductory courses, is reflected in the holdings of the Price Gilbert Memorial Library and in the Library's data processing requirements. Serials are used to a greater extent in our Library than in many others, and they present numerous processing problems. The Library currently receives over ten thousand serials, about 75 percent of which are in scientific and technical fields. We have produced a computer printed and maintained list of our serial holdings, and we think this list will eventually replace our serials catalog in card form. We are delaying work on amore comprehensive serials system until the National Serials Data Program is developed. The experience of other libraries with serials check-in systems has discouraged us from proceeding at this time with a comprehensive serials system. We are hoping that by the time we begin work on a serials system we will be able to incorporate an on-line file that will be updated from a visual display console. Our Library is usually well filled with students, faculty, and research personnel, and in-library use is high. The circulation of books for use outside the Library is, however, relatively small and presents no great problem. The acquisition and cataloging of monographs is the most time-consuming of the tasks suited to automation. Currently, seven librarians and nine clerks are assigned to these activities. In the last fiscal year 8,000 titles were cataloged. During the first three quarters of this fiscal year about 10,000 titles have been cataloged. In planning our system for catalog production we have made several assumptions about the needs of our users. First, we have assumed that while the ability to use the catalog to locate items by various subject and added entries is as important to our users as to the users of other libraries, many of the fine points of descriptive cataloging are of no interest. Consequently we are using somewhat abbreviated descriptive cataloging in our book catalog. Most of the notes which LC uses do not appear in our book catalog, and the collationis abbreviated for many titles. We expect that the infrequent user who does need the full descriptive cataloging will be able to find it in the published National Union Catalog. On the other hand, each entry is complete enough that the user can, in most cases, get all the information in which he is interested rather than needing to refer to the main entry. This seems particu- larly desirable in the subject catalog, which the typical patron uses not to determine the call number of a specific book, but to select a book or books 201 from those which the library has on a subject. The entry should be complete enough to permit a reasonable selection to be made. We have also assumed that the use of an all-upper-case character set without diacritical marks will not inconvenience our users. Many of the filing complexities which computers can handle least well are not significant prob- lems in our case, because we have relatively few entries under prolific authors or headings such as "Bible." Filing in our card catalog has always been done according to rules that include fewer exceptions to alphabetical order than either ALA or LC filing rules. Almost all of our faculty members and students arecomputer users and are familiar with computer sorting. I believe that they willfind items more easily in our computer-filed book catalog than they would in a catalog filed by normal library filing rules, with all their exceptions to alphabetical order. In deciding to produce an experimental book catalog we were aware that several academic libraries have reached the conclusion that it is not economically feasible. We are not planning to continue cumulating and re- printing our book catalog indefinitely. We plan to cumulate and reprint annually for five years. The fifth cumulation will be a permanent edition and willnot be reprinted. We will then begin another five-year cycle. Recataloging and withdrawal of titles after the five-year cumulation is printed will present some difficulties. If we decide to continue the book catalog and to dis- continue our card catalog, we will very likely retain either a card shelflist or an on-line master file with real-time access through a remote terminal. We will not discontinue the card catalog unless we become convinced that we can provide better service by using the book catalog. We began conversion from the Dewey Decimal classification to the Library of Congress classification on July 1, 1966. We are keypunching records for those titles classified by the LC system which did not go through our Flexowriter or MARC systems. Hence our book catalog will include entries for our LC collection. As titles are reclassified, we produce new all cards through our Flexowriter system rather than altering the old cards. This provides the input to add the reclassified titles to our master file and book catalogs. We project that by July, 1971, after five years of LC classification, we will have about 70,000 titles in our master file and book catalogs. If staff is provided for a reclassification project, this would greatly increase the total. We hope that since our users are usually interested in the latest materials on a subject, they will not find it inconvenient to have the catalog divided by date of acquisition, into five year blocks. Until July 1966, a duplicate catalog was maintained for the science/ technology materials on the third and fourth floors, in addition to the main catalog on the first floor. With the beginning of construction of a new building and our shift to the LC classification, we discontinued duplicate catalog listing of the materials classified in the Dewey 500's and 600's. The new building and the shift to LC classification required a rearrangement of materials, so that the duplicate catalogwas no longer needed. We will occupy our new building addition, which is larger than the present building in the fall of 1968. The addition has seven floors with provision for adding five more floors. With five floors in one part of the building and eventually twelve in 202 the other part, we convenience of having more than a single feel that the complete be greater than ever. catalog will The Tech campus until recently has been a compact area with no academic buildings located more than a block or two from the Library. In this situation there has been little pressure for decentralization of the Library with a proliferation of departmental libraries. In fact, the departmental libraries which did exist in an earlier period were, with the exception of Architecture, brought into the main Library in 1953. Campus expansion is now very rapid, however, and new academic buildings are being constructed as far as half a mile from the Library. As these new buildings are occupied, the justification for departmental libraries will increase. We have regarded the provision of book catalogs for serials and monographs in each department along with good telephone and delivery service as a means of providing users with convenient library service without the wastefulness involved in maintaining numerous departmental collections. The book catalog system will also enable us econom- ically to provide catalogs of the main Library's holdings, as well as catalogs of their own holdings, for the Library at the Southern Technical Institute and for our Architecture branch, whose materials are processed by the main Library. The Library is fortunate in the service provided by the Rich Electronic Computer Center at Tech. Located conveniently next door to the Library, the Center has two powerful computer systems. The Center has cooperated with the Library in every way possible, providing programming assistance and, at times, priority handling for our programs. We have used the Burroughs B 5500 computing system for our MARC project. Our B 5500 has two central processors, 32,000 forty-eight bit words of core storage, 28.8 million characters of disc storage, and ten 7-level magnetic tape drives. It is ordinarily operated in a multiprocessing mode and all of our programs except one are regularly multi-processed. Since we began participating in the MARC Project, the Computer Center has acquired a UNI VAC 1108 computing system. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM Figure 1 is a flow chart of our system for producing catalog cards and book catalogs. Part 1 shows the preliminary work done by clerks in the cataloging department to locate cataloging copy if available, and to determine whether a record for the item is available on the MARC file. More than half the books received in the cataloging department are accompanied by LC deposit cards which are attached to the routing slip during the acquisition cycle. The card number listing provided by LC is checked to determine whether those titles which meet the criteria for inclusion on the MARC file have in fact been included. A search is made to locate cataloging copy if the LC deposit card does not accompany the title. If the cataloging copy is not found and the LC card number is not determined, the author/title MARC listing may be checked to determine whether a record for the title is included on the MARC file. The steps leading to the production of catalog cards for titles included on the MARC file are shown in Part 2 of the flow chart. If cataloging copy is 203 Routing Slip Is the LC Deposit Card Attached to Routing Slip? Book Received in Cataloging Department Reproduce the \Entry from/_ Yes Cataloging NUC Copy Found? ataloging Copy Check MARC Title/ Is Is Author LC Card Copy Li Listing To Be Available Number Available? Hold for Cataloging Copy Figure 1. Catalog Production System Part I: Preliminary Steps 204 \Review catalog 1 copy. Indicate 1 corrections 1Add~( . initials, acqui- \ sitipwcffl?, 7c> \ 205 makes any needed additions or changes on the copy available, the cataloger and sends on to the data processing department. If she does not have copy, it she merely sends a form with the card number and enough of the entry and titleto identify the item. The LC card number along with several local use data items and any changes or additions to be made to the LC cataloging are punched. The punched cards are used to select the required records from the MARC file. The same program converts the character codes to those used by the B 5500, eliminates shift codes, coverts the records to our local format, makes any indicated changes or corrections, and prints the records for proof- reading.* The printed output is proofread against the LC deposit card or a copy of the NUC entry if either has been sent to the data processing department. Otherwise the proof listing is returned to the cataloger for checking against the book. Changes are punched and run against the tape file of selected records. The corrected tape output is used to print catalog cards and as input to the book catalog subsystem. The correction program also produces punched card output which can be converted to paper tape and used to produce book cards, book pockets and spine labels on a Flexowriter. The punched card output has not been used except for test purposes at this time. The card print program provides the option of printing the cards in sets for each title or in presorted and alphabetized order for each of the catalogs into which they will be filed. Until the week of April 15, 1967, the cards were printed in sets so that they might be conveniently checked by the catalogers. Our confidence in the card print program has increased to the point that we are now eliminating this final check by the cataloger and printing the cards in the order required for filing. The format of the produced varies from conventional card cards format. The main difference is is printed as the last element that the collation of the title paragraph rather than as a separate paragraph. This practice was adopted as a space saving device both on the cards and in the book catalogs. Words of more than six characters may be hyphenated in a rather arbitrary manner. The resulting word segments are occasionally strange looking but we have had no complaints from anyone confused by them. A few other variations from conventional card format have been adopted. The cards produced are not unit cards but vary according to the requirements of the various catalogs. Cards for the Union Catalogue of the Atlanta-Athens area, for example, omit the call number, tracings, and all notes except the series notes, but include a symbol for the Tech Library. The makeup of sets for titles going to different locations also varies. Each title cataloged for the Architecture Library produces a complete set of cards for the main Library as well as a set for the Architecture Library, while only an extra shelf list card is produced for titles going into the archives collection or to the Southern Technical Institute. Part 3 of the flow chart shows the steps for processing titles that are not included on the MARC file. Assistance in designing the Flexowriter *The eight computer programs used in the system are briefly described in Appendix A. All programs are written in COBOL for the Burroughs B 5500. 206 subsystem was received from both the University of Missouri Library and the Washington University Library. A proof copy of the catalog card is typed on a 2201 Flexowriter with an auxiliary punch and an auxiliary Selectadata reader. Programming for standard requirements is read from a program tape in the number 1 reader, and programming for special circumstances is read from a program tape in the Selectadata reader as it is required. For example, the main program provides for up to four tracings; if a card requires more than four tracings, programming for the additional tracings is provided in the Selectadata program tape. As the data are typed, two tapes are produced which are later used for the automatic typing of card sets. Before these tapes are run, however, the proof copy is checked and any necessary corrections are made. The tapes which produce the card sets are usually run at night or on weekends by a student assistant who is able to operate both Flexowriters, the tape-to-card converter and the card cutter simultaneously. As the cards are typed, two by-product tapes are punched. One of these is run through an IBM 047 Tape-to-Card Punch which converts the data to card form for input to the B 5500. The other by-product tape is used to type book cards, book pockets, and spine labels on the Flexowriter. We have stopped using the Flexowriter for spine labels since the small type has been found to be more difficult to read than the three-sixteenths inch size type produced by the SE-LIN labeling system presently being used by the Library. We have not yet decided whether it will be economical to convert one of our old SFD Flexowriters to a larger type size for the typing of spine labels. Part 4 of the flow chart shows the steps in the production of the book catalogs. The same magnetic tape file that is used to produce the catalog cards is used as one input to the program that updates the master file and also generates entries for the print files. Data from the Flexowriter subsystem, along with keypunched changes or deletions to the master file, go through an edit program that produces another magnetic tape file which is the second input for updating the master file. The update-generate program is the largest, most complex, and most time-consuming of the system. It updates the master file with records from both the Flexowriter and MARC subsystem. It generates print records for additions, deletions, and changes of entries in the print files, and sorts the generated print records. We find that it is more efficient to maintain print files containing entries formatted and in order for printing than it is to generate and sort print entries from the master file repetitively. This approach does, however, complicate the programming logic for updating, since changes to records in the master file must generate records to delete of the old print entries as well as new corrected print records. all We are attempting to operate the system on a weekly cycle. All of the programs to this point are run once a week, if all goes well. We will soon begin printing supplements to our book catalogs on a regular weekly schedule. These supplements cumulate until the end of the month, when a monthly print program will be run. The monthly supplements cumulate until the next printing of the full catalog, which we expect to produce annually. In looking for a title during the first five years, the user need use only two sequences: the latest annual edition and the latest monthly supplement. The weekly lists 207 \Review cata-l Books with loging copy work slips ,Indicate placed on changes! truck for card pre- paration \Arrange books \pn truck by \program require- \ments. Number \jork slips. 2201 Flexowriter Book Cards I Pockets 208 . Book catalog^ additions from Flexowriter, plus corrections B-S500 5. Flexowriter Program Create update records for master file 6. Update-Generate Program Update master file. Generate entries for print files. su Au Print weekly cat- alog supplements 209 probably will not be consulted by users but will be available if needed. After the five-year edition is produced, the user first might need to consult one additional sequence for each five-year interval. The printed catalogs and supplements are divided into author, title and subject parts. A new book number order is also produced, but list in call it does not cumulate beyond one month. The annual editions will be printed in a format suitable for photographic reduction and offset printing so that they may be widely distributed throughout the campus and to other libraries that depend heavily on Tech for interlibrary service. Initially the weekly and monthly supplements will be printed in multiple copies, but will not be reproduced for wide distribution. As issues are superseded, they will be available to users who want them, and if there is sufficient demand, monthly cumulations can be reproduced. The monthly new book list will be issued to all faculty and research personnel. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM Development of the system has been expensive. We were notified of our selection for participation in the project in February 1966, and we are still working on the system. I have spent at least half of my time on development of the system during this period. We have a programmer who has worked approximately nineteen months full time on the project. Another programmer worked about six months at the beginning of the project, but produced no usable coding. Developmental work through April 1968, has cost approximately $31,000. The cost of computer time used in the project through April is approximately $6,000. We cannot accurately distinguish developmental from operational parts of the total computer costs. During recent months, most of my work has involved planning for conversion and implementation of our new MARC II system. In April our programmer completed all necessary modifications to the programs. We antici- pate additional changes as new problems arise, but we hope there will be no major modifications of the programs. We prefer to spend time now designing and programming an improved MARC H/1108 system, rather than continuing the refinement of our present system. Several problems were encountered in development of the system. First is the not-unusual difficulty of obtaining good programmers. As mentioned above, our first programmer spent six months of unproductive effort before we decided he was not fitted for this task, even though he was a capable programmer. We have been fortunate in our other programmer, who was initially assigned to the project on a part-time by the Computer Center. basis She now working full time as is a member of the Library staff and is doing an We have been unable to find an additional qualified programmer excellent job. and are now training an assistant data processing librarian in programming. Initially, we lost time because of a lack of knowledge of the details of the MARC format. The initial report on the MARC I format was received in April 1966, and we proceeded with programming on that basis. A test tape and the final report on the record format were not available until October 1966. Therefore, we were unable to begin testing and "debugging" any programs until November. 210 Perhaps our greatest shortcoming in system development has been inadequate documentation. Anyone who has done system design and pro- gramming work is aware of the difficulty and frustration of having to take time to include adequate documentation as a system is developed. At the time one is working with a procedure or program, many decisions seem unfor- gettable, too obvious to need recording, or not important enough to require documentation. Months later a considerable amount of time may be spent figuring out how or why a decision was made. This is a greater problem, of course, in the development of a large system involving numerous programs and people during a two-year period than it is in a less complex system. The problem of inadequate documentation has been compounded by a high rate of turnover of key punchers and Flexo writer typists. During the course of the project we have trained five keypunches and six Flexowriter typists to prepare input to the system. This has been a time-consuming task that could have been easier with better documentation. Finally, it should be noted that testing and "debugging" the system was a long and difficult process. Several times, as we have tested, we have had to revise previously written programs which we thought were "debugged." We are now printing more diagnostic data for all runs than we initially planned. Several of our testing problems were caused by B 5500 system defects, especially in the disc sort when used for large files. RESULTS OF THE SYSTEM began selecting records from the MARC tape and printing catalog We cards the last week of May 1967. By the first of April 1968, 3,715 records had been selected. We have now printed on the computer and filed into various catalogs about 30,000 cards for those titles. From June through November 1967, we cataloged 4,817 English language monographs. Records for forty percent (1,929) of these were available on MARC tape at the time of cataloging. The average number of titles selected each week has gradually increased. From June through August 1967, the average was sixty-two titles per week; from September through November, it was eighty-seven per week; and from December 1967, through March 1968, it was 105 per week. At present we estimate that records for over half the English language mono- graphs we catalog are in the MARC file at the time of cataloging. Operation of the Flexowriter subsystem was begun in February 1967, and cards for more than 6,000 titles have now been prepared on the Flexo- writers. We have also keypunched data for about 1,000 of the titles which were classed in the IX! collection before the Flexowriter subsystem became operational. About 6,000 more titles in the LC collection remain to be keypunched. We have not yet distributed copies of the book catalog for public use; nor have we begun updating it on a regular schedule. We have printed a series of catalogs, however, with entries for the 11,000 titles now on the master file. We are now making changes and corrections before printing entries for the 11,000 titles in a single sequence. Within the month we hope to have a copy of the catalog ready for public use in the Library, supported by a regular schedule for updating the basic list. 211 MARC tapes have been received regularly each week without delay. Throughout most of the period of the Pilot Project we found that records came on the tapes about the same time that the LC deposit cards were received. Records for a title rarely appeared on the MARC File after we had cataloged the item. In a sample batch of seventy-five titles satisfying the criteria for inclusion in the MARC File, but done on the Flexowriters because they were not in the MARC File at the time of cataloging, only two were added later to the MARC File. When work goes according to schedule, the elapsed time from the punching of the select cards until the completed sets are returned to the catalogers is about one week. Three computer runs are required and we usually get overnight service on each. Delays have frequently caused the elapsed time to be more than a week. The causes of delay have been extremely varied, including printing problems, incorrect preparation of input, program defects for untested data conditions, turnover and absenteeism of library personnel, Computer Center errors in running the programs, a delay in receiving a shipment of card stock, and one period of over a week when the computer was out of operation. We hope that nothing new can now go wrong. One of our most serious problems has been the poor quality of the printed output from the computer. The B 321 Line Printers used on our B 5500 system are drum printers which produce wavy print lines when not in exact adjustment. Two weekly batches of cards have had to be reprinted because of the extreme waviness of the printing, and one batch had to be rerun because the forms were not properly aligned. Recently, we have tried to have the cards printed immediately after the Burroughs engineers have ad- justed the printer in their regular daily maintenance. The cost of computer time for maintaining the MARC file, selecting, converting, and reformatting the records, making the required changes and corrections,and printing catalog cards, averaged about 30 cents per title during the months of October and November. During the period, December through March, the average cost of computer time increased to about 38 cents per title.* We averaged eight cards per title for MARC records, so the cost per card has increased by one cent, to just under five cents. The increase is a function of the increased size of the MARC file. The cost of file maintenance and selection runs determined primarily by the size of the MARC file. is We have recently purged our MARC file of all juvenile titles and altered the file maintenance program so that it does not add records for these titles. Eventually we will purge our MARC file of older records and maintain an active MARC file of records added during the last twelve to twenty-four months. We have not yet determined the optimal period for keeping a record on the active file. Costs of catalog card stock, tab cards, and a prorated part of card cutter and keypunch costs are about a cent and a half per card or 12 cents per title. *Computer time is charged at a rate of $140 per hour for process time and $47 per hour for 10 time. 212 During the past three months the time required for selecting, proofing, correcting, and handling the MARC records has averaged about ten hours per 100 titles. This work has been done by a nonprofessional technical assistant. At $3 per hour this gives a labor cost of 30 cents per title. The total cost is approximately 80 cents per title or 10 cents per card. Our Flexowriter subsystem has not operated as efficiently as we had expected. The programs are more complicated and longer than those at the University of Missouri and Washington University. To make the Flexowriter records compatible with MARC records, we insert a number of codes and delimiters not necessary for simple Flexowriter card production. The added program complications cause slower manual typing of the records as well as slower automatic typing of the card sets. Our greatest disappointment with the Flexowriter system has been the unreliability of the machines. During a five-month period when we kept a record of the hours when the machines were out of service because of mechanical failures, the total came to twenty-four working days for the two machines. There is seldom a week when we do not have at least one breakdown. Our experience in this respect contrasts with that of libraries using the older SPD Flexowriters. Washington University reported that during a three-month period only nine service calls were necessary for three machines. Another problem is the machine's sporadic dropping of characters, a condition that may go unnoticed until numerous defective sets have been run. Our experience, that if the typed data were correct, the final card would be correct and would not need to be proofread, has not turned out to be the case. We have not been able to reduce our costs on the Flexowriter system to anything near the five cents per card cost at the University of Missouri and Washington University. Our actual cost per card has not been determined because the same subsystem produces the catalog cards, book cards and book pockets, and computer input for the book catalogs. The complete operation costs about $2 per title. Reaction by the users of our card catalogs to the computer-printed catalog cards has been surprising. Almost 30,000 cards have been filed into the catalogs during a period of eleven months. Reader service librarians report that as far as they can determine, our users do not notice the differences in the cards produced on the computer or the Flexowriters. Not one user comment indicating awareness of the change has been reported. EVALUATION AND FUTURE PLANS Forthcoming changesin the MARC format will necessitate rewriting our MARC programs. In order to retain all the information provided in the new MARC II format, not only the select program, but also the format of our master file and all of our programs, must be changed. Our Computer Center has also advised us to convert our system from the B 5500 to the more powerful UNI VAC 1108 which has been acquired since we developed our MARC system. Since these two changes will require considerable rewriting of programs, we are reviewing the system to see what other changes should be made at the same time. 213 Our new master file format will be more nearly identical to the MARC II format. The use of a consolidated directory similar to the directory which will be a part of the MARC II format was one way in which our master file format differed from the MARC I format. We will continue to maintain, as fixed fields, a few fields which are variable in the MARC II format. We will probably retain on our master file the coding for upper and lower case printing with all of the special characters provided in the MARC II character set. We do not retain shift codes or codes for diacriticals on our master file at present. Our experience so far has convinced us that the absence of lower case and diacritical characters is of little concern to our users. On the other hand, we recognize that use of an expanded character set is desirable if it can be obtained at a reasonable cost. We have regarded the cost of printing with an expanded character set to be excessive. We are now considering the possibility of using a photon which provides more attractive printing with an expanded character set rather than continuing to use an impact printer. The denser page achieved with the photon may mean sufficient savings in printing and binding costs to justify its use. We also plan to discontinue our present Flexowriter system. Since there has been no objection to the use of the computer-printed cards, we have decided to print all of our cards on the computer. The Flexowriters will be used only as input devices. Programming to produce card sets on the Flexo- writers need not be punched into the tapes, thus simplifying and accelerating initial typing of the records. Simplification of this step will also make it possible to train new typists more quickly. With the current system it has taken about a month to train a new typist. We also think this change will greatlyreduce our mechanical problems with the machines. Most of the breakdowns occur when the machines are being used for automatic typing. The slower speed of manual typing is much easier on the machines. When we change to the UNI VAC 1108, the tape-to-card conversion of the Flexowriter data will be eliminated because the 1108 system includes a paper tape reader. The most basic change we are planning is in the storage medium of our master file. This is a change to direct access on-line storage of the master file. Separate print probably be discontinued, with author, title, and subject files will machine indexes taking their place. In order to print the catalog, access to a master file record for each index entry will be necessary, but no sorting will be required. This change will eliminate problems created by handling the large number of tapes required by the present system. It will also become practical to update the master file on a shorter cycle, because it will no longer be necessary to read and write the entire master file in order to update it. The most exciting possibility offered by use of a direct-access file is the use of display terminals for real-time updating and editing of records. We do not plan to use display terminals in the first phase of the new system, but will use them in a later phase. Our decision to use direct-access, on-line storage of the master file at this time is based largely on the desire to avoid basic redesign and reprogramming when we do introduce terminals for real-time updating and querying. 214 In addition to the functions which our catalog production system now performs, we plan to incorporate a selection function. The weekly MARC tapes will be used to produce selection lists for staff and faculty members interested in book selection. Persons participating will indicate those LC classes to be used as criteria for titles to be included on their weekly lists. Ordering from one of these checked lists will be a simple procedure since all of the information needed for acquisition will be available. We considered using the MARC I tapes in this manner, but decided that the coverage was not complete enough to make it useful. When our MARC II system for cataloging becomes operational, our next step will be to include other acquisitions functions in it. Titles will then be selected from the produced from the MARC tapes; orders and claims will lists be printed from the MARC file; and catalog entries will be made from the same records. We do not anticipate keeping the MARC file on line, but will place the selected records in an on-line process file at the time of ordering. We regard the MARC Project as highly successful, both as a prototype national system and as an operating system in our Library. The project has demonstrated that centrally prepared cataloging can be distributed in a machine-readable form to be used by receiving libraries in a variety of ways to meet their individual requirements. In our case, the MARC system has enabled us to keep our card production current without employing additional clerk-typists eventhough our rate of cataloging has increased by 40 percent over the past year. The production of cards on the computer from MARC records has been significantly cheaper for us than either our former practice of purchasing LC cards or our current Flexowriter system. We expect labor costs for producing MARC cards to decrease as errors on the tape decrease. At the same time, machine costs will increase as size of the MARC file increases, at least until we begin purging the file of those records which we are least likely to need. When MARC service is expanded to include all current English language cataloging, we expect to obtain about 75 percent of our cataloging from the MARC file. APPENDIX PROGRAMS FOR GEORGIA TECH CATALOG PRODUCTION SYSTEM 1. The MARC MAINTENANCE program updates the MARC file from the weekly tapes supplied by LC. 2. The SELECTION program selects records from the MARC tape, does conversion of character codes, and sets up a record in a format adapted to our use. Data items may be added to, changed, or deleted from the MARC records selected. Two prooflists are printed; one for records for which cataloging copy has been checked by the cataloger, and a second for records for which cataloging copy has not been checked. 3. The CORRECTION program provides for further editing of the records written by the SELECTION program. A proof listing is printed for those records changed. This program punches cards which can be being converted to paper tape and used to type book cards, book pockets, and spine labels on a Flexowriter. 215 4.The CARD PRINT program prints catalog cards for the selected records.The cards may be pre-sorted and alphabetized for filing. 5. The FLEXOWRITER Program processes output from our Flexowriter subsystem for records which are not on the MARC tape, as well as key- punched changes, corrections, and deletions for the master file and book catalogs. 6. The UPDATE-GENERATE program merges and sorts to call number order the MARC and non-MARC input for the master file. It updates the master file and generates entries and changes for the print files. It sorts the entries and changes by catalog and by the generated sort fields. 7. The WEEKLY PRINT program prints the weekly supplements for the three printed catalogs and a of new books in call number order. The list weekly supplements cumulate until the next monthly supplement is produced. 8. The MONTHLY PRINT program updates the print files for the catalogs and prints monthly supplements which are cumulated until the next printing of the full catalog. A new book list for the month is also printed. Reference 1. U.S. Library of Congress. Information Systems Office. The MARC II Format: A Communications Format for Bibliographic Data. Prepared by Henriette D. Avram, John F. Knapp and Lucia J. Rather. Washington, D.C., 1968, pp. 1,2.
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text: Quoth The Raven: 'Not A Score' Rick ChandlerProfileFollowUnfollow Rick ChandlerFiled to: Controversial finishes Pittsburgh Steelers Nfl Baltimore Ravens Santonio Holmes 12/15/08 9:15amEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for deadspinHideShare to KinjaShare to PinterestGo to permalink Steelers' Santonio Holmes is awarded a touchdown even though the ball never crosses the goal line. Discuss. [Fan IQ] 44Reply 44Discuss

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Clinical counselor Michelle Watson specializes in relationships between fathers and daughters. Here are some things she hopes all dads can experience with their daughters. read more
Charisma Magazine
Page 8 of 97
10 Things Your Son Needs From You
What do you think is the most important thing our sons need from us as fathers? read more
What Are the Best Parenting Internet Controls?
Are you monitoring what your children are looking at on the worldwide Web? Here's how to do it, cost effectively. read more
Further Thoughts on 25 Things a Daughter Needs From Her Dad
There were so many great comments on this first article that a follow-up article seemed necessary. read more
Why Are Your Kids Texting and Not Talking?
Before you assume the worst about your non-communicative child or grandchild, consider some reasons that may be behind their overuse of phones and other technology. read more
5 More Things Men Should Do to Protect Their Marriage
Wandering eyes and lustful thoughts are one thing, although those thoughts should obviously be kept in check. It's another when those thoughts are put into action. read more
A Practical and Biblical Understanding of Dating and Courtship
It may sound old fashioned, but take this advice from someone with a successful marriage of 34 years and five children. read more
How to Have Healthy Conversations With Your Spouse
Which type of communicator are you? How about your spouse? read more
Confession: My Child Is Failing to Meet My Expectations
When you start to think that your child doesn't measure up, then perhaps you should examine yourself. read more
5 Realizations That Can Help You Find Inner Peace
If you adopt these principles, life can be so much less stressful. read more
Faith Comes by Hearing
Get quality Christian content in a variety of programs including news, leadership, inspiring stories, women's topics, sports, and even more.
How Speaking in Tongues Saved This Woman's Life
Abducted at knifepoint from her bed and taken to the cornfields of Michigan, Kathi Byker expected ...
33 Things the Holy Spirit Does
Though many Christians overlook the importance of the Holy Spirit, Scripture is clear about not only His vital role, but also His divine actions.
Prophecy: Your Kairos Time Is Right Now
I received a startling prophecy 14 years ago that I didn't understand until now. If you've ...
The Sanctified Sin in the Church
This type of bondage is rampant in Christians.
Prophecy: I See a Great Wave of Glory Hitting the Globe
I saw light springing forth from various places in the world. As I looked I could see this all over ...
2 Biblical Ways to Break the Cycle of Addiction
If the spirit of addiction is out to control and destroy you. Do this and walk free.
Not All Southerners Fly the Confederate Flag
The Confederate flag is an idol that should be removed from its high place.
10 Signs You Are a Charismaniac
Do you have the discernment to tell the difference between what is of God and what originates with ...
5 Signs of a Dying Church
A healthy church should experience seasons of growth, but even cults generate large numbers of ...
3 Ways to Talk to Your Children About the Supreme Court Ruling on 'Gay Marriage'
Here are some wise answers for your children who are asking questions about the recent Supreme ...
Faith Comes by Hearing
Get quality Christian content in a variety of programs including news, leadership, inspiring stories, women's topics, sports, and even more.
33 Things the Holy Spirit Does
Though many Christians overlook the importance of the Holy Spirit, Scripture is clear about not only His vital role, but also His divine actions.
6 Earmarks of a Modern-Day Esther
If you've been called for such a time as this, here's what it's going to take to ...
5 Keys to Angelic Intervention Through Intercession
After years of research, James Goll has discovered a biblical connection that stirs our faith ...
Can You Imagine a Muslim Same-Sex Wedding?
Now that the Supreme Court has handed down its ruling, Islamic mosques could logically be subject ...
It's Time to Stand Up and Be Counted
Friday's Supreme Court's decision on same-sex marriage will certainly do one thing: It will ...
This Dangerous Sunday Ritual Leaves Believers Hungry for God
It's time to slay this Goliath.
1 Way to Break Free of Anger, Irritability and Depression
It may sound too easy, but try this and see how it works out for you.
8 Earmarks of a True Apostolic-Minded Church
For all the talk about the apostolic movement, these eight earmarks would put the church back into ...
The Source of All Prophetic Error
"I believe many of the prophetic words that God wants to release over His people in this hour ...
God's Power at Work in the Church Today
Charisma's founder, Steve Strang writes about today's hottest topics affecting the Christian faith.
Sid Roth: Is Jesus Coming Back Sooner Than You Think?
In a dream that rocked his world, popular television show host Sid Roth heard Jesus say three ...
5 Ways to Fall Deeper in Love with God
How do we return to loving God as a Person as opposed to being followers of a dry and dusty ...


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Select Local Merchants
Andrya's Animal HouseRead MoreEstablished: 2007 Reservations/Appointments: Required Staff Size: 1 person Average Duration of Services: 30 Minutes or Less Pro Tip: Be prepared to supply key during consultation; there is charge to return for key pick up width=1923 Taft StHollywood, FL US
Davie Creek Animal HospitalRead MoreDavie Creek Animal Hospital is a full service veterinarian hospital with a state of the art facility and equipment We provide the highest quality of medical and surgical care in a compassionate environment. We want to create a long-lasting relationship with our clients and their pets based on exceptional care5775 S University DrDavie, FL US
Phoebe and FriendsRead MoreSignature service: Dog Day Care and Cageless Boarding Established: 2000 Reservations/Appointments: Required Staff Size: 2?10 people1825 West Ave.Miami Beach, FL US
Pet Medical CentersRead MoreUnder the umbrella of Pet Medical Centers, nine Miami-Dade and Broward-area veterinary hospitals provide sophisticated healthcare for furry, feathered, and scaly family members. The hospitals' specialty services include nonanesthetic dental care, ultrasounds, radiology, and endoscopies. All locations boast surgical operating rooms equipped with windows and cameras to give owners peace of mind, and many of the clinics are equipped with lasers for blade-free incisions. Besides emergency care, the doctors and technicians—some of whom have appeared as specialists on Univision and Animal Planet—perform general wellness examinations and informative nutritional consultations. Although medical care provides what pets need, boarding services treat pets to what they want. Most locations double as cat and dog hotels, but only one deserves the title of pet resort—at Coral Springs Pet Resort and Medical Center, animals enjoy a climate-controlled dog park with a pool, baths with massaging jets, and expansive canine suites with window views.4211 N. Federal HighwayFt. Lauderdale, FL US
Neighborhood Fish FarmRead MoreSince 1971, the experts at Neighborhood Fish Farm have supplied aquariums with freshwater fish that they've bred and raised right on the premises. Instead of exhibiting their impressive selection in an unnaturally dim room lined with tiny tanks, the staff keep their fish in enormous concrete ponds in the open air. More than 100 breeds of tropical fish—of sizes appropriate for all aquariums and ponds—thrive inside these tanks, including gouramis, cichlids, and even bottom-feeding catfish, which keep tanks clean by consuming waste, while Koi and goldfish are available for water gardens and ponds. And when customers have questions, the knowledgeable staff stand at the ready to cover topics ranging from fish compatibility to the best plants for the tank.12150 SW 45th StMiami, FL US
Zoological Wildlife FoundationRead MoreThe Zoological Wildlife Foundation is a five-acre facility that adopts and cares for abused, unwanted, neglected and confiscated exotic wildlife. As part of its mission to educate the public about rare and endangered animals both in captivity and in the wild, the Foundation offers appointment-only tours of its facilities, with each one-hour session allowing for limited interaction with the wildlife. Some are taken out of their enclosures for guests to interact with, while elsewhere guests are given access to the natural enclosure of the animal. Current residents at the Foundation include a sloth, tiger cub, clouded leopard, African milky eagle owl and baby primates, making a private tour here a special and varied experience.16225 SW 172nd AveMiami, FL US


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Treeveo's innovative software and processes helped us identify initiatives to significantly grow our top-line - and created a common framework for an international team to work together on realizing this uncovered potential.
With the help of Treeveo's platform and support we were able to identify and manage a cost-reduction program that resulted in positive impact in our P&L.
Ditch the digital mess, and break-down your vision into bite-size pieces with Treeveo's pyramid roadmap design. Now everyone is clear about the purpose of the project and how they contribute to the big-picture.
Delegation: It's simply what good leaders do.
Treeveo connects you to your team like never before. Increase productivity and team moral by streamlining the execution of each task through digital delegation.
Get the entire team on the same page…literally. Everyone is aware and accountable. And with timely dashboard alerts, you know at a single glance which projects, tasks, and people require your attention.
It's the how you have fewer meetings, a more productivity team, and smoother overall execution.
When people leave your company, don't let their knowledge walk out the door with them. And don't reinvent the wheel either. Roadmaps from previous projects can be reused and referenced when something similar comes up.
Treeveo also has a library of templates that have been created by industry experts, so you don't have to start from scratch. Just choose a template and customize for your project goals.


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Select Local Merchants
Elite Cafe & BilliardsRead MoreA classic 80s aesthetic immediately envelops folks as they walk through the door of Elite Cafe & Billiards. Or rather, the 80's version of the 50s. A primary-colored art-deco bar, complete with rows of red bar-stools, chrome, and neon pink stands as the centerpiece of the cafe. The main attraction lies just past the bar: rows of pool tables lit by hanging red lamps. The 17 pool tables—all nine feet long—come surrounded by plenty of room to maneuver, giving players enough space to pull off trick shots and Charleston celebration dances. Back at the bar, pool players can sit and enjoy beer, soda, chips, and beer nuts.1945 N Mannheim Rd.Melrose Park, IL US
Pressure Billiards and CafeRead MoreThough you wouldn't expect to find professional pool tables in a café nor freshly crafted deli sandwiches in a pool hall, Pressure Billiards and Cafe has managed to seamlessly combine these elements into a single all-encompassing amusement space. On the billiards side of the facility, 13 9-foot Brunswick Metro tables bask in the glow of contemporary wall sconces and ample overhead light as players aim for pocket dominance like a keys-versus-wallet grudge match. A slate of eight LCD televisions displaying seasonal sports games, meanwhile, ensures that adrenaline levels never wane between turns. After billiards bouts conclude, guests can saunter over to the café side of the establishment to dine on classic pub dishes flanked by a range of mixed drinks and a dozen bottled beers. Once fully refueled, clients can wind down in the lounge or partake in one of the bar's nightly activities, such as an open mic, trivia night, or comedy showcase. Explore Edgewater Groupon has partnered with the Edgewater Chamber of Commerce to offer this special collection from Edgewater merchants. The North Side neighborhood is home to one-of-a-kind shops such as Edgewater Workbench, where customers create custom gifts with 3D printing and laser cutting, and pioneering restaurants such as Uncommon Ground, home of the country's first certified organic rooftop garden. Shop the full collection.6318 N Clark St.Chicago, IL US
Chicago Billiard CafeRead MoreClacking pool balls echo across 16 9-foot tables at the Chicago Billiard Café, where rising and renowned cue masters can snack on items from a menu of tasty pub grub while admiring a century-old authentic snooker table. Donated by an altruistic band of Muppets, vivid red and green felt carry an enchanting aura and stretch across tables from Brunswick Gold Crown and Soren Sogard, which host 8- and 9-ball tournaments on Mondays and Thursdays, respectively. Frappuccinos and fizzy sodas fuel accurate strokes and gallant cue duels, and winners can rejoice with deep-fried Twinkies preluded by all-beef hot dogs and gooey pizzas from the café's menu. Dulcet tunes unite with the even more mellifluous sound of patrons' corner-pocket prophecies to underscore bouts that take place on a glittering pinball machine, which glimmers amid the softly lit interior ensconced by exposed brick.5935 West Irving Park RoadChicago, IL US
Waveland BowlRead MoreThe pin pioneers at Waveland Bowl have provided Chicagoans with the latest in bowling amenities since its opening in 1959, when AMF's automatic pinsetters and Magic Triangle indicators superseded the rusted, tough-to-maintain human staff members behind every lane. Though the alley's original neon sign has since been replaced, the constant improvements have continued throughout the years, and the facility now boasts automatic bumpers on 40 Brunswick Armour Plate lanes and buys new pins every year. Throughout the week, the facility hosts open bowling and leagues for children and adults, and Thursday–Monday, cosmic bowling recreates the thrill of playing under the aurora borealis without the risk of polar bears ruining all the rental shoes.3700 N Western Ave.Chicago, IL US
G-Cue BilliardsRead MoreGrab a seat at G-Cue Billiards if you're hungry for an easy American meal — sandwiches and salads are popular options at this low-key establishment. Plan to indulge a bit at G-Cue Billiards, though, because they don't offer any low-fat fare. Be sure to complete your meal at G-Cue Billiards with a drink from the restaurant's full bar. Perfect for after-work outings, G-Cue Billiards' happy hour is hard to beat. Stay in the loop (and online!) by tapping into G-Cue Billiards' free wifi hotspot. Long guest list? Not a problem at G-Cue Billiards, where big parties will find plenty of room to spread out in comfort. If you're heading out on a Friday or Saturday, keep in mind that the restaurant gets busy. If you're too tired to drive, public transportation will also suffice; right around the corner is a stop at Grand-Blue (Blue). The restaurant offers free parking in the lot next door. Prices are a bit on the higher side, so this might be a good pick for a special night out.157 N Morgan StChicago, IL US
Gold Star BarRead MoreMunch on tasty pub grub at Gold Star Bar. Come hungry to Gold Star Bar, where they serve up food that might not be healthy but is certainly tasty. Televisions are strewn throughout the bar, so fans can stay up to date on the latest sports happenings. If crowds aren't your thing, it's best to visit Gold Star Bar during the slower weekday hours. Take it nice and easy at Gold Star Bar, where casual dress is the rule of the day. Hop on public transit if driving's not your speed; Division (Blue) is an accessible stop. In addition to street parking, there is a lot right around the corner, so finding a space shouldn't be an issue for drivers dining at the bar. For those who prefer to travel by bike, Gold Star Bar is a great option due to its generous bike parking options. Cash is the only payment option offered at Gold Star Bar.1755 W Division StChicago, IL US


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TV Info
CategoryTV Series
Production Co.Fox, Sony Pictures
DistributorfX Network
Official Siteclick here
Cast and Crew
Main Cast
- Michael Chiklis as Detective Vic Mackey
- Walton Goggins as Detective Shane Vendrell
- Benito Martinez
- David Rees Snell
- Kenny Johnson as Detective Curtis 'Lemonhead' Lemansky (voice)
- Brian White
- Jay Karnes
- CCH Pounder as Detective Claudette Wyms
- Michael Jace
- Cathy Cahlin Ryan
- Catherine Dent
- Glenn Close as Capt. Monica Rawling (2005-)
The Story
The show is known for its controversial portrayal of corrupt police officers and was originally advertised as "Rampart" in reference to the true life Rampart Division police scandal, which the show's Strike Team is loosely based upon.
The series focuses on the tension between a group of corrupt but effective cops and a captain torn between bringing them down and advancing his own political ambitions. The Shield stars Michael Chiklis (The Commish) as rogue cop "Det. Vic Mackey," leader of the elite Strike Team unit, who is effective at eliminating crime but who operates under his own set of rules. Benito Martinez (Outbreak & Her Costly Affair) plays "Captain David Aceveda," the young precinct head who doesn't like Mackey's tactics and wants to bust him off the force. And the Emmy-nominated CCH Pounder (ER & Boycott), plays "Det. Claudette Wyms," a veteran detective who understands Mackey and knows how to play both sides of the fence.


text: on Mar 13, 2013 @ 10:30 PMMar 13, 2013 @ 10:30 PM PublishedKT-business operationBy Lee MinjiSEOUL, March 14 (Yonhap) -- KT Corp., South Korea's top fixed-line and No. 2 mobile operator, resumed attracting new mobile subscribers on Thursday following the expiry of a government-imposed 20-day suspension.KT had been under a business suspension imposed by the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) on charges of doling out excessive subsidies to smartphone buyers last year.The communications watchdog levied a combined 11.9 billion won (US$10.8 million) in fines on the country's three mobile operators -- SK Telecom Co., KT and LG Uplus Corp. -- in addition to business suspensions ranging from 20 to 24 days.Smallest player LG Uplus was first suspended for 24 days from Jan. 7 to Jan. 30, while top player SK telecom resumed operations on Feb. 22 after a 22-day suspension.Despite the regulator's move, market competition and smartphone subsidies remained rampant during the cited periods, raising doubts on the effectiveness of the suspension.Critics also claimed the current 270,000 won cap on subsidies is inappropriate given the high price of the latest smartphones.Market watchers forecast competition to continue in March and start to fizzle out in the second quarter."Competition to gain a bigger stake is likely to continue until the end of the month as mobile carriers are eager to claim a bigger part of the long-term evolution market," Korea Investment & Securities Co. analyst Yang Jong-in said by phone."But government moves to further clamp down on subsidy policies is a market factor to keep tabs on," Yang said.The KCC is set to address the countermeasures against smartphone subsidies at its meeting later in the day.The meeting follows a gathering of presidential secretaries that called for moves to curb smartphone subsidies, citing the issue a "social problem" because it overheats the market.<All rights reserved by Yonhap News Agency>


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Bruns is responsible for leasing and marketing 4.9 million square feet of Class A office properties in the Houston area, including 1100 Louisiana, 811 Louisiana, One Shell Plaza, 601 Travis and 1001 Fannin.
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Companies in Japan
Business type: Technology ×
Industry: University / Academia / Research ×
Location: Asia & Middle East ×
Location: Japan ×
Optical Scientific Inc. (OSi)
based in Gaithersburg, MARYLAND (USA)
Optical Scientific Inc. (OSi) is the leader in weather & environmental sensors. Our innovative optical technology has a wide variety of applications. From road weather to flow monitoring in smokestacks. Customers can rely on our instruments 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. We serve an international community of users on all seven continents. You will find OSi products in ...
Euro-Gas Management Services Ltd
based in Churston Ferrers, UNITED KINGDOM
EURO-GAS - Providing the solutions for gas detection. Worldwide specialist suppliers of gas detection sensors (including Sixth Sense), circuitry, transmitters and housed solutions; fixed gas detection systems; gas generators; Komyo Kitagawa gas detector tube system; together with a range of portable and personal gas detection equipment including carbon monoxide, oxygen, ...
based in München, GERMANY
Clariant is an internationally active specialty chemical company, based in Muttenz near Basel. The group owns over 100 companies worldwide and employed 21 202 employees at the end of 2012. In the financial year 2012, Clariant produced a turnover of CHF 6 billion. Clariant is divided into seven business units: Additives; Catalysts; Function Minerals, Industrial & Consumer ...
WG Consulting Engineers
based in Hendra, AUSTRALIA
WGCE integrates remote monitoring equipment for numerous applications including temperature, humidity, air quality and other processes. The equipment is designed for remote installations, can be powered from solar power units and uploads data to a central server over the GSM network where it can be accessed from any internet enabled device.
TREVI nv
based in Gentbrugge, BELGIUM
We build environmental technology!Trevi environmental solutions has a team of 90 specialised professionals at its disposal. This offers you as a client the advantage to solve all environmental problems with only one partner in all disciplines water, air, soil and energy as well.
LECO Corporation
based in St. Joseph, MICHIGAN (USA)
LECO provides innovative, time-saving instrumentation for analyzing and identifying hundreds of known and emerging environmental threats in soils, plants, fertilizers, grains, pesticides, and feeds.
based in Campinas, BRAZIL
DSPGeo is a startup company that provides computational solutions that allow the improvement of quality of seismic images used for oil and gas exploration. Our solutions are based on computational intelligence and robust optimization methods with focus on scenarios where traditional solutions used in the market are not effective, thus allowing our clients to minimize the ...


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Running Springs Area real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Running Springs Area real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Learn more about Running Springs Area Real Estate.
Large Home with many possibilities. Excellent View of Valley, Could be used as a Retreat Facility or maybe a Bed and Breakfast.
This is a 3 bedroom 2 bath home located close to the highway for easy access. The home offers a large living area with beamed ceilings and a fireplace. The main floor offers a bedroom and a bath. The down stairs offers 2 large bedrooms and a bath. This home has a nice deck to enjoy those spring evenings. Located only minutes from Snow Valley Ski Resort. Take a look today!
Real Living College Realty
14767 Bear Valley Road
Hesperia, CA 92345
Email Us | Visit our Real Estate Website


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Rin Tin Tin
The Life and the Legend
By Susan Orlean
(Simon & Schuster, Paperback, 9781439190142, 352pp.)
Publication Date: October 9, 2012
List Price: $16.00*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Shop Local
Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
He believed the dog was immortal. So begins Susan Orlean's sweeping, powerfully moving account of Rin Tin Tin's journey from abandoned puppy to movie star and international icon. Spanning almost one hundred years of history, from the dog's improbable discovery on a battlefield in 1918 to his tumultuous rise through Hollywood and beyond, Rin Tin Tin is a love story about "the mutual devotion between one man and one dog" (The Wall Street Journal) that is also a quintessentially American story of reinvention, a captivating exploration of our spiritual bond with animals, and a stirring meditation on mortality and immortality.
- Were you familiar with Rin Tin Tin before reading this book? What memories do you have of the famous dog? What was it like to delve back into the history of Rin Tin Tin? If this was your first introduction to him, what impressions did the book give you?


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Come on, filthy human by NaplezWatch
©2013-2015 Naplez
I'm actually blushed when Zim puts the police cap on. It was so damn hot.
lol same...
this is so badass i am so obsessed with those PAK spider legs o//o
If he tells me to come with him I will come to him
I'm the almighty!!!!
I loved the police hat! There was no real reason Zim wore it but it was soooo cute that he did. Great pic!
That really suits him
*Music plays* No
When was this again?
The episode was Gir goes crazy and stuff
All your artwork is amazing, and if I could 'favorite' it all I would, but there's so much of it!
*nosebleed* so sexy :3
Oh WOW, if there was ever a pose to sum up Zim's own brand of self-confidence. XD
Is there an episode of this?? XD
his eyes O///O
I've Favorited way to many of your pictures in the same day... XD
I love the look of the...um, spider leg thingies? I need to know the real name of those |D
but their really good. c':
but their really good. c':
This is...very appealing...XD
Zim makes a very cute policeman .///////////////////////////////////////.
o///u///o W-well... heheh.....
AHHHH leedleldlelleedle SO NICE *fangirl breakdown*
0////.////0~purrrrrrrpurrrrrrrrrrrr lol
dat damn hat HHNNNGGGG
Zim is so sexy with that cap. XD
OMG i wanna die at t zim's packleg he's so sexy i love your artworkXD
Amazing haha
Theese sharp lines... sharp forms...
I'm so impressed *_*
I'm so impressed *_*
I... don't blame you... o///o


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ABC NEWS/WASHINGTON POST POLL: OIL SPILL EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE AFTER 12 p.m. Monday, June 7, 2010 Spill Response Rated Worse than Katrina; Most Favor Pursuit of Criminal Charges Americans by more than 2-1 support pursuit of criminal charges in the nation's worst oil spill, with increasing numbers calling it a major environmental disaster, eight in 10 criticizing the way BP's handled it – and the federal government's own response rated worse than it was in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. A month and a half after the spill began, 69 percent in a new ABC News/Washington Post poll rate the federal response negatively. That compares with a 62 negative rating for the response to Katrina two weeks after the August 2005 hurricane. BP's response to the spill draws even broader criticism – 81 percent rate it negatively. And 64 percent say the government should pursue criminal charges against BP and other companies involved in the spill, which has poured oil into the Gulf from a well 5,000 feet beneath the surface since an explosion and fire destroyed the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig April 20. This poll was conducted Thursday through Sunday, mainly before BP announced Sunday that a containment cap on the well was capturing a substantial portion of the gushing oil. Nonetheless BP faces deep damage to its public image: Nearly three-quarters of Americans, 73 percent, see "unnecessary risks taken by BP and its drilling partners" as a significant factor in the spill. And amid fouled beaches, oiled wildlife and closed fisheries, there's growing public dismay with the damage. Seventy-three percent now call the spill a major environmental disaster, up sharply from 55 percent in a Pew Research Center poll a month ago. Support for pursuit of criminal charges against BP and its partners rises to 71 percent among people who call the spill a major disaster, and likewise to 73 percent among those who suspect that unnecessary risks were taken by BP and its partners. INTENSITY/PARTISANSHIP – There's sharp negative intensity in views of BP. Fifty-four percent give its response the lowest rating, "poor," and 51 percent "strongly" favor examination of criminal charges against the company and its partners – both high levels of strong sentiment. Substantially fewer, by contrast, rate the federal government's response as "poor," 32 percent. 2 There's partisanship in views of the federal response, with Democrats less critical of the Democratic-led government. Nonetheless, even among Democrats 56 percent rate the federal response negatively. That rises to 74 percent of independents and 81 percent of Republicans. Partisanship ran in precisely the opposite direction in views of the Katrina response under the Bush administration. Just 41 percent of Republicans rated that response negatively, rising to 64 percent of independents and 79 percent of Democrats. Negative ratings: federal response Deepwater Horizon Hurricane Katrina All 69% 62% Democrats 56 79 Independents 74 64 Republicans 81 41 In addition to the 7-point difference in negative ratings of the federal response to the oil spill vs. Katrina, there's a 10-point difference in positive ratings – 28 percent for the government's oil spill response, vs. 38 percent for its response to Katrina. That's in part because 59 percent of Republicans rated the response to Katrina positively, while just 40 percent of Democrats say the same about the current oil spill response. All the same, there's far less partisan division in concern about the spill's effects: It's seen as a major environmental disaster by seven in 10 Republicans and three-quarters of Democrats and independents alike. METHODOLOGY – This ABC News/Washington Post poll was conducted by telephone June 3- 6, 2010, among a random national sample of 1,004 adults, including landline and cell-phone- only respondents. Results for the full sample have a 3.5-point error margin. Click here for a detailed description of sampling error. Sampling, data collection and tabulation by TNS of Horsham, PA. Analysis by Gary Langer. ABC News polls can be found at ABCNEWS.com at http://abcnews.com/pollingunit Media contact: Cathie Levine, (212) 456-4934. Full results follow (*= less than 0.5 percent). 1-8 held for release. 9. (HALF SAMPLE) How would you rate [ITEM]'s overall response to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico - excellent, good, not so good or poor? 6/6/10 - Summary Table ------ Positive ------ ------- Negative ------- No NET Excellent Good NET Not so good Poor opinion a. The federal government 28 2 26 69 37 32 3 3 Compare to: Katrina 9/11/05 38 5 32 62 28 34 * 9/2/05 48 11 37 51 23 28 1 b. The oil company BP 16 1 15 81 27 54 3 10, 11a-b held for release. 11c. For each of the following, how much blame, if any, do you think it deserves for the oil spill – a great deal, a good amount, just some or none at all? How about [ITEM]? c. Unnecessary risks taken by BP and its drilling partners 73 55 18 23 17 6 4 12. Do you think the federal government should or should not pursue criminal charges against BP and other companies involved in the oil spill? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat? Depends/ --------- Should -------- ------ Should not ------- too soon No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly (vol.) opinion 6/6/10 64 51 14 28 14 14 4 4 13. From what you've seen and heard, do you think that the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is a major environmental disaster, a serious environmental problem but not a disaster, or is it not too serious an environmental problem? Major Serious Not too Too soon No disaster problem serious (vol.) opinion 6/6/10 73 25 2 * * 5/9/10* 55 37 4 1 3 *Pew, "oil leak" 14-37 held for release. ***END*** 4
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Franchise Index: Previous Season / Next Season
5-7-1, Finished 11th in NFL · 1926 NFL Season Summary
Scored 89 points (6.8/g), 9th of 22 in the NFL. Allowed 103 points (7.9/g), 12th.
Differential of -14 points (-1.1/g), 11th. Expected W-L: 5.4-7.6.
Jim Laird (5-7-1)
Stadium: Cycledrome
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M. Chapoutier Cote-Rotie Les Becasses 2008
M. Chapoutier - Rhone Valley - France - Cote Rotie
Professional Wine Reviews for M. Chapoutier Cote-Rotie Les Becasses 2008
Rated 91 by Wine Spectator
Features tangy damson plum, pomegranate and white pepper notes, with an extra floral lift on the tobacco and bay leaf-tinged finish. Not dense, but showing good persistence. A solid effort for the vintage. Drink now through 2020. 25 cases imported.
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Additional Information on M. Chapoutier Cote-Rotie Les Becasses 2008
M. Chapoutier
Vintage: 2008
2008 saw very high yields across wineries in much of the southern hemisphere, as a result of highly favorable climatic conditions. Although in many areas, these high yields brought with them something of a drop in overall quality, this could not be said for South Australia's wines, which were reportedly excellent. Indeed, the 2008 Shiraz harvest in South Australia is said to be one of the most successful in recent decades, and western Australia's Chardonnays are set to be ones to watch out for. New Zealand's Pinot Noir harvest was also very good, with wineries in Martinborough reportedly very excited about this particular grape and the characteristics it revealed this year. Pinot Noir also grew very well in the United States, and was probably the most successful grape varietal to come out of California in 2008, with Sonoma Coast and Anderson Valley delivering fantastic results from this grape. Elsewhere in United States, Washington State and Oregon had highly successful harvests in 2008 despite some early worries about frost. However, it was France who had the best of the weather and growing conditions in 2008, and this year was one of the great vintages for Champagne, the Médoc in Bordeaux, Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence, with Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay grapes leading the way. Italy, too, shared many of these ideal conditions, with the wineries in Tuscany claiming that their Chianti Classicos of 2008 will be ones to collect, and Piedmont's Barberesco and Barolo wines will be recognized as amongst the finest of the past decade.
Varietal: Syrah
The Shiraz or Syrah grape varietal has seen a huge surge in popularity over the past few decades, partly due to the fact that more and more wineries around the world are beginning to plant and process this robust and flavorful grape for international audiences. This varietal has plenty going for it, and has the special ability of being able to clearly express positive features of its terroir in the bottle, alongside its characteristic flavors of dark berries, pepper and other spices. Shiraz/Syrah is also notably a highly versatile grape, and has been successfully used in several type of still red wine, as well as excellent sparkling and fortified wines. It is also regularly used as a blending grape, where it is prized for its ability to add a bold and strong, spicy punch to mellow, blended wines.
Region: Rhone Valley
The southern French wine region of the Rhone Valley has been home to wine-makers for over two thousand years, with the first grapevines of the region being cultivated in around 600 BCE when the ancient Greeks arrived with their knowledge of viticulture and eagerness to produce more wine. Today, the region is famed around the world for the excellence of its produce, and has dozens of wineries making the most of the wide range of grape varietals which flourish there. In the northern sub-region, the continental climate and brisk winds coming off the Central Massif allow wineries to grow a smaller range of varietals – predominantly Syrah, Marsanne, Roussane and Viognier, whereas the southern, more Mediterranean sub-region allows far more range. Here, dozens of varietals are grown for the production of white, red and rosé wines, all packed full of flavor and able to express the unique terroir they are grown on.
Country: France
French winemakers are subjected to several laws and regulations regarding the wines they produce, and how they can be labeled and sold. Such procedures are designed to increase the overall quality of the country's produce, and also to ensure that wines made in each particular region or appellation are of a character and type which is representative of the area. Thankfully for consumers of wine world-wide, the French have a particularly high reputation to uphold, and seem to do so flawlessly. Every year, wineries from all over France produce millions upon millions of bottles of fine wine, making the most of their native grape varieties and the excellent terrain which covers most of the country. From the expensive and exquisite red wines of Bordeaux and Burgundy, to the white wines and cremants of central France, the French are dedicated to providing the world with wines of the highest quality and most distinctive character.
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Newest brands to beautyheaven
Skin care and make-up and hair care oh my! The last few months have been bonkers in beautyheaven with new brands signing up more often than Gaga changes outfits!
With so many divine new products to delve into, it's hard to choose a favourite to brag about, which is why we thought we'd showcase a sample of each new brand, to tantalise you to trial some and then tell us all about your experience.
Check out the loveable line up…
Youngblood Lunar Dust – these multi-tasking powders feature light-reflecting minerals and can be used as bronzer on the face and body, as well as eye shadows and cheek shimmers.
MOR Marshmallow Body Oil – made with wheat germ, grape seed and sunflower oil, this ultra-hydrating body oil is the epitome of luxurious. The breathtaking scent is made up of marshmallow, mango and peach extracts for a fruity, musk-stick scent that sticks.
Mahya Mineral Make Up Glittery Minerals – infused with pearl for a multi-effect glimmer, these little beauties are perfect for dressing up the eyes and can also be used as eyeliner, lip gloss and nail colour!
Spiroll Heated Rollers Basic Pack – get the curls you dream of with these easy-to-use hair rollers from Spiroll. Experiment with different twists and get a gorgeously girly look!
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BH Trial Team
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text:
Combined bottle and closure therefor
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Unitczd States Patent Ofifice 230,954
Patented Mar. 26, 1974 COMBINED BOTTLE AND CLOSURE THEREFOR Salvatore Gregorietti, Via Canova 31, Milan, Italy Filed July 26, 1971, Ser. No. 166,338
Claims priority, application Great Britain Jan. 28, 1971 Term of patent 14 years Int. Cl. D901 US. Cl. D9145 Des. 230,954
PAGE 2 FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a combined bottle and closure therefor showing my new design;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view; and
FIG. 4 is an exploded elevational view.
I claim:
The ornamental design for a combined bottle and closure therefor, substantially as shown References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS D. 86,724 4/1932 Joseph D9-130 D. 112,545 12/1938 Younghusband D9145 D. 217,333 4/1970 Weckman D9-44 2,981,431 4/1961 Schluttig D9141 ROBERT C. SPANGLER, Primary Examiner
Referenced by
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Sure, the mayor crusades against soft drinks and cigarettes. But he's got a great record where it counts.
Because of global urbanization, the number of people exposed to catastrophic levels of pollution is growing exponentially.
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Would people be reacting the same way to the Super Bowl power outage if it had happened in any other city?
At least 14 people are dead; scores more are still buried beneath the rubble.
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VBZD? "Vector-borne and zoonotic disease." SLCS? "Sea level change scenarios." CSO? "Combined sewer overflow."
"At some point you need to just turn the picture to the wall and move forward."


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Business groups and unions are calling on the Federal Government to change direction and soon.
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Roger Fletcher says workers are expected to return to normal work at the Dubbo meat processing plant today, after a week-long lockout over stalled enterprise bargaining.
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The Federal Government appears to have stagnated in its attempts to reform Australia's economy.
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Fletcher International has locked workers out of their Dubbo meat processing plant, as wage talks stall.
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The National Farmers' Federation's workplace relations manager Sarah McKinnon, says a wholesale review of Australia's industrial relations system is long overdue. Read more here.
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The National Farmers Federation says a broad Productivity Commission investigation into workplace relations is welcome and long overdue.
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Unions Tasmania has raised concerns about the welfare of a Tongan fruit picking workforce in the state's north-west read more
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Unions Tasmania has raised concerns that a Tongan fruit picking work force in the state's north-west could be subject to substandard living and working conditions.
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Domestic violence victims working for Telstra will have access to ten extra days of paid leave a year under a new policy.
Topics: domestic-violence, industrial-relations, work, australia
Topics: rural, food-processing, industrial-relations, bathurst-2795, devonport-7310


text:
Aviation Project Management
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Preview (read now) Add to my own site Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
moreCombining the considerable respective expertise of Triant Flouris and Dennis Lock, this unique book highlights the ways that successful businesses are managed in the aviation industry through the identification and application of proven project management methods. Theoretical concepts are defined, clarified and shown how they can be valuable to business managers and students of the aviation business sector. Aviation Project Management builds on the successful and popular work of Dennis Lock but is considerably enhanced by applications, examples, illustrations and case examples pertaining to projects exclusively from the aviation industry. Theory in the project management field is already well evolved, so the purpose of this book is not to review that theory but rather to demonstrate how the lessons of theory can be of practical use to aviation students and business managers. It provides a practical guide to those interested in how projects are managed and the common mistakes that aviation project managers should avoid. less
Ashgate Publishing Ltd; October 2012
314 pages; ISBN 9781409486022
Read online, or download in secure EPUB or secure PDF format
Title: Aviation Project Management
Author: Dennis Lock; Triant G Flouris
314 pages; ISBN 9781409486022
Read online, or download in secure EPUB or secure PDF format
Title: Aviation Project Management
Author: Dennis Lock; Triant G Flouris
Buy, download and read Aviation Project Management (eBook) by Dennis Lock; Triant G Flouris today!
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