text:
Multi-Platinum Producer Dito Godwin Brings His Diverse Background Into An Array Of New Projects With Indie Artists
Long before he launched his extraordinarily eclectic career as an award winning multi-platinum producer, Dito Godwin was a busy working guitarist in NYC. His first band opened for The Blues Project (with future Blood, Sweat & Tears founder Al Kooper) and his later outfit The House did a brief tour with Ozzy Osbourne andBlack Sabbath.
Those foundational experiences paved the way for Dito to work with an exciting array of groundbreaking bands and artists over the past few decades.
Starting with No Doubt's self-titled 1992 debut-some of whose Dito-produced tracks appeared on later No Doubt recordings-the list is long and eclectic, ranging from pop, rock and metal to country. Dito has helmed projects for Motley Crue, former KISS members Ace Frehley and Peter Criss, Jack Russell and Great White and the late Warrant frontman Jani Lane. In the country music realm, he has worked on projects featuring the legendary Charley Pride and former American Idol contestant Kristy Lee Cook-and at one point represented the interests of songwriter Susan Gibson, writer of the Dixie Chicks' smash hit "Wide Open Spaces."
Never one to rest on his several decades of laurels, Dito is excited about a whole host of new projects that tap into his diverse creative palette. He often works in the studio with his son, prominent L.A. guitarist Bernie Godwin, who co-wrote with his band the Dito-produced title track "My Name Is Bruce" from Bruce Campbell's 2007 comedy horror film.
Dito recently produced recordings for two dynamic rising L.A. based indie artists, rock/soul singer/songwriter Rolan Bolan-son of late glam rock legend Marc Bolanand Grammy winning Motown singer and composer Gloria Jones-and "horror rocker" Characula. Dito and Bolan took a unique approach to recording Bolan's project, creating both full acoustic and electric versions; Dito played guitar, keys and bass on both. Bernie played on both Bolan recordings and also performs live acoustic shows with him. In addition to producing Characula's various singles, Dito produced three videos for her that are currently being edited, including one that was shot in a 1,200 year old castle in Denmark.
Dito is also becoming a prominent producer in Europe for his production work with the heavy metal band Phonomik and pop/rock outfit Substereo, who recently scored a single that reached #11 on the Danish iTunes chart. Bernie co-wrote a song with Phonomik for the soundtrack of the independent film "Murder." Working with renowned film director and director of photography Marty Julian-a onetime keyboard player and bandmate of Dito's in the band GCB-Dito shot a fascinating, emotionally compelling short film based on Phonomik's powerful song "Trench Tales," about the hell of World War I's young soldiers fighting in the trenches, focusing on young Danish boys who were forced into battle by the invadingGermans.
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About Author
- Casting Roundup: Sarah Chalke, Kim Raver Headline New Pilots
- ADVENTURE TIME Headed to the Big Screen?
- Pilot Season Roundup: Colm Feore, Daniel Stern, Dave Annable to Star in New Shows
- James Franco to Star in New Fox Comedy, WHY HIM?
- Christopher Meloni to Star in WGN America's Slave Drama UNDERGROUND
- Check Out Alex Dunphy's Full College Essay from Latest MODERN FAMILY Episode
- Photo Flash: HBO Reveals Key Art for GAME OF THRONES Season 5
- Syfy to Honor Leonard Nimoy with Special Programming This Sunday
- Grammy Winner Kelly Clarkson Exclusively Premieres New Music from New Album on MTV, VH1 & CMT First
- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


text:
Terry Devine-King
1002 tracks found View Biography
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Panoramic, majestic large orchestra with choir
Majestic orchestral. Builds to full, very shouty choir
Mid sixties US soul/rhythm 'n' blues song with male vocal
Classic, clichéd, evil link
Fun, upbeat jazz featuring trumpets and clarinet
Male vocal rock song about flying or drugs
Staccato instrumental patterns building into epic quasi classical
Builds into bright, feel-good funk. Retro feel
Dramatic martial orchestra with deep male choir
Bright, melodic, contemporary Latin dance
Cheerful Ska featuring strong brass melody
Soulful soprano sax, with minimal upright bass and rhythm
Crashing, dramatic, violent orchestra.Trailer
Powerful, anthemic orchestra & vocal. Builds throughout
Gradually building Indie rock featuring acoustic guitar rhythm & tremolo top line
Exuberant, upbeat rock. Heavy guitars on choruses
Energetic, powerful, uplifting rock
Classic 'Rock Anthem'. Driving, building, uplifting
Uplifting 'soft' rock. Builds gradually
Mid tempo, bright Indie rock
Solid funk groove featuring brass section top line
Laid back pop/soul/funk. Brass top line
Upbeat funk with powerful brass
Easy going groove with synths & effects
Easy going melody with mid tempo sequencer & rhythm tracks
1002 tracks found Refine search.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Write HTML and JavaScript in Notes view rows and columns on the Web
By default, Lotus Notes only allows you to create links in the first column of views for users to open documents. Discover how you can write some HTML and JavaScript to embed links within Lotus Notes view columns and rows on the Web.
While developing a Web application, I needed to place Delete, Open and Edit links within each row of a document...
Continue Reading This Article
Enjoy this article as well as all of our content, including E-Guides, news, tips and more.
By submitting your personal information, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant products and special offers from TechTarget and its partners. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy.
in a Lotus Notes view.
By default, Lotus Notes creates links in the first column of views that allows users to open documents. I had to create an action hotspot on the form to enable users to edit, delete or open documents.
Placing HTML code within brackets in the Notes view column enables Domino to render this on the Web. I also used the Document Unique ID and an anchor tag to delete the document by using Domino URL commands.
In my JavaScript below, you'll see that the code written in the view column formula to can perform some handy and useful actions. In the following example, the code deletes the document from the database.
[Delete]
The column view formula in brackets ([]) renders HTML on the browser. As mentioned above, this code can be used to accomplish a number of useful tasks, such as editing or opening documents.
Do you have comments on this tip? Let us know.
This tip was submitted to the SearchDomino.com tip library by member Ali Ahmad. Please let others know how useful it is via the rating scale below. Do you have a useful Lotus Notes/Domino technical tip or code snippet to share? Submit it to our monthly tip contest and you could win a prize.


text: Retail U.K. retailer halts sales slide but at a cost Add to ... Reuters Published Wednesday, Oct. 03, 2012 11:43AM EDT Last updated Wednesday, Oct. 03, 2012 11:45AM EDT Britain's biggest retailer, Tesco, showed its fight-back plan following a shock profit warning was starting to make a difference as it stemmed sales falls, but its performance was outshone by rival J Sainsbury. Watch More Video: Dutch PM says Greece must accept deep reforms Don't know your spouse's salary? You're not alone American Apparel's turnaround testing investor patience Euro zone scrambles to keep Greece in Market Call Tonight: Top Picks from ScotiaMcLeod's Mike Newton Bank of Canada survey shows impact of low oil prices Rolls-Royce nosedives on profit warning Ontario company raising bees to carry organic pesticides After 'No' vote in Greece, the euro zone faces its own momentous decision Chinese markets cheer weekend support Video: PathCore brings tech to bear on the analysis of biopsy tissue Video: AquaMobile's Web tool defeats the swim-lesson competition Video: BakerStone turns backyard into a pizzeria Video: MyBabbo makes mementoes for grieving families Video: WTFast gives video gamers a more level playing field One mother's strategy to get 'free money' for her daughter's education Greeks defy Europe with overwhelming referendum No Greek negotiator says bailout offer was easy to refuse Facebook unveils subtle changes to its logo Whole Foods CEOs apologize for overcharging Comments AA More Related to this Story Market View Video: Market View: The 'revenge' of the Vancouver home buyer Stocks Video: Wednesday's analyst upgrades and downgrades Real estate Video: Vancouver house sales plummet


text:
Crypto Stick
CeBIT Open Source 2011 - Project Presentation Crypto StickBy
During CeBIT 2011 open source projects such as Crypto Stick, USB stick developed to allow easy and high-secure encryption of emails and more, will have the opportunity to showcase what is currently in active development.
When did the project begin?
Since August 2008.
How many active members does the project have?
The core team consists of three Persons. About 10 Persons are supportingthe project and took responsibilities for smaller parts.
Why was the project created?
We were facing the problem to encrypt e-mails securely in internet cafes while beeing travelling. Pure software solutions implicate the risk that malware on the computer steals the secret key which allows to intercept all encrypted communication. The only solution to prevent it is to use a secure device - the Crypto Stick.
Why should a CeBIT visitor come to your booth?
Nowadays secure authentication in the Internet, encryption of e-mail and data are more important than ever, for every computer user. The Crypto Stick is the central basis. At our Cebit booth the visitor can get information how to encrypt e-mails and data and how to use the Crypto Stick.
Also we give insight in the development of the Crypto Stick. Because we are a hardware project this may be interesting variety compared to other open source projects.
As a goody we raffle off Crypto Sticks to all booth visitors on a daily basis. Therefore you must come around!
Who do you make your software for?
The Crypto Stick can be used by any Internet and computer user easily. Use cases are e-mail encryption (e.g. OpenPGP, S/MIME), data encryption (e.g. via TrueCrypt), user authentication locally and in the Internet. The Crypto Stick kann be used to replace passwords and can be used in the future as the only key for the digital identity. Therefore the Crypto Stick is highly flexible and targets both personal as well as cooperate users.
Where do you see your biggest current challenges?
Currently we are very busy developing an encrypted mass storage which allows to store and encrypt several gigabyte of data. A challenge in particular is to achieve a high performance.
If you could hire a full-time project developer now, what problem should he or she be ready to solve?
The PKCS#11 driver, which enables the usage with TrueCrypt and Firefox, is not stable yet and should be published as open source. This work could easily be assigned to another developer.
Under which license is the software currently offered?
The software is publishes as GPLv3 and the hardware as Creative Commons.
Internet adress:
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
NoScript Flaw
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.


text:
Top Definition
action verb: The act of someone completely misinterpreting a written communication and responding in the most pretentious, condescending, hateful manner. Typically, the response is completely out of the original context of the conversation and factually incorrect. The act of Wollschlagering typically makes the Wollschlagerer look like a complete douche.
"Dude, did you just see that email I just got? I got totally Wollschlagered."
by En Fuego October 09, 2008


text:
Top Definition
A woman who, previously had been an anal virgin, is introduced to the pleasures of anal sex by her male partner and winds up thoroughly enjoying the act.
Man, Sheila was my best Anal Cadet! She was freaked at first, but she got into it after a few strokes and loved every minute!
Ted- I had my first Anal Cadet last night.
Fred- <High five!>
Fred- <High five!>
by Churn June 20, 2008


text:
1952 Questions
Hello, I am in the process of attaining Professional Development Units (PDU) to renew my substitute teacher license. In order to full fill this requirement, I will need to verify that I have participated in or listened to various teacher related topics and subjects. Is it possible to track my work on this website for my PDU log sheet? Thanks, Kathy
Science / 11 / Class Culture
I have limited time in class, (44 minutes) but I love the writing workshop method. I've done it in the past, but with the three grade levels (6,7,8) and that limited time, I feel like it's so rushed and kids don't get into their writing zone for long. How can I make the workshop more meaningful in that short time?
English Language Arts / 6-8 / Differentiation / Engagement / Planning
I've been teaching for almost 20 years, and the one part I am still struggling with is my unique class load. I teach three grade levels of English (6,7,8) and I have yet to figure out how do I manage all the essays, homework, and now all the other common core paperwork?
English Language Arts / 6-8 / Planning
Next year my school is adopting a co-teaching model with special education teachers. I am the teacher that was selected from my grade to try this. How has anyone seen this work and what did it look like?
Other / 5 / Class Culture / Differentiation / Planning / Special Education / Teacher Collaboration


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text:
Pleasant DaysJanuary 19, 2013Hotel • India
Masala fish !!
Attend the mela on 16th and 17th - promises to be a lot of fun
Old town tour followed by caverns trip and then rodeo
If you come to meet local company be sure to get a letter from them that you actually visited and still budget two and a half hours at least
Fantastic and most unexpected venue to host a function or stay in goa. 5 large rooms Villa with a massive. Ground
Tata photon doesn't work here...only 2g signal: (
Drop by for some Wii tennis 7-9 pm everyday
great banana milkshake and the NYC Club is cool
great place to take family and business associates


text: Hello, I've developed a couple classes which could be useful with phpSlash (and Back-End). I'd like to know how to best contribute them back to the community. To try to focus discussion/interest around these I've tried to break them into their respective pieces. The first one is the file upload class that I've developed. I know some folks here don't believe in allowing users to upload files to the server via php (and there are good security reasons for this). However, most folks don't want to just toss everything in a database (for speed & accessibility issues). I've combined two existing classes (taken from http://phpclasses.websapp.com) XUpload and ViewDir and then expanded on them. I've now got it integrated into Back-End 0.5 (which is based on phpSlash 0.65) and a Profiles application (which is based on phpSlash 0.62). It allows you to restrict which files you want uploaded, determines the file type, if it's a jpeg file it produces a thumbnail (and tosses it in the database). I think it's a pretty useful tool. Hoping to include smart text features (like in Back-End 0.4.8.1) to allow <###IMG1###> or something of the like to produce an image. Have to decide on a nomenclature for the new BE code though. I'm likely going to roll up the simplified version of this class and submit a new class to phpclasses, but it fits so very nicely with phpSlash I thought I'd post a note about it here as well. Mike -- Mike Gifford, OpenConcept Consulting, http://www.openconcept.ca Open Source Web Applications for Social Change. Featured Client - http://www.learningpartnership.org To avoid criticism do nothing, say nothing, be nothing - Elbert Hubbard


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This holiday package is typical winter holiday package, which covers beautiful city of Munich, Germany, 5 days Ski-holiday in Lammertal- ...
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Her Universe to Bring Geek and Coruscant Couture to SDCC
Embrace the stylish side of the Force this week with the Her Universe fashion show and design competition!
Embrace the stylish side of the Force this week with the Her Universe fashion show and design competition!
The acclaimed artist talks about coming aboard Marvel's bestselling Star Wars title…and previews pages from his first issue.
Check out Star Wars: The Force Awakens toys, new saga-spanning LEGO, and more coming to the world's biggest pop culture convention!
Feast your eyes on one beautiful, recycled hunk of junk.
The Force meets fashion. Learn to make your own R2-D2, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and Ahsoka Tano purses!
Choose between a deadly Sith, a smooth-talking smuggler, and more fan favorites!
Introducing the dreaded Imperial Raider and more!
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2001 Lexus RX300 Q&A
2001 Lexus RX300 Question: 2001 rx300 cel codes P0171 P0174 P1150
cleaning the MAF didnt fix. syst too lean bank 1 bank 2, af sensor range performance bank 2 sensor 1. if both banks fuel trim out of range, why is only bank 2 sensor 1 setting a code? is the issue bad MAF meter or only the 1 af sensor? - mjp1031
Answer 1
The worst bank will set the code first. I also find that cleaning the Mass Air Sensor to be ineffective, especially the type that a Lexus uses, which is based on the newer Bosch thin film Air Flow Sensor. About the only area that you can clean is the intake air sensor which does nothing to help you. Refer to this article below that I wrote about how to inspect for a code P0171 and/or P0174. You must be able top SEE the Long Term Fuel Trim on the scan data, so if you are trying to diagnose this code with out any scan data, you will have a really tough time. The Long Term Fuel Trim is typically above 12 % for the code setting bank and the other bank may be close, but still under the code setting level, like 10% etc. A code P0171 has NOTHING TO DO WITH a defective air fuel ratio sensor!!!! or a defective oxygen Sensor, they have to be passing their self tests to even set this code, this is a huge misconception most shops and Techs have. So follow this article -> http://repairpal.com/OBD-II-Code-P0171-and-P0174 look for any vacuum leaks and then find find the long term fuel trim, if both banks are high ( like over 10-12% ) and pretty even, then the air flow sensor is suspect, IF you don't have vacuum leaks. Also if the air cleaner is pretty dirty or if the air box for the air cleaner is pretty dusty, that will wipe out the air flow sensor, because the dust sticks to and ruins the thin film sensor. I recommend cleaning the air cleaner box and replacing the air cleaner every 12 mos or 12k miles, minimum. It saves your Mass Air flow Sensor big time. - dandd
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I replaced MAF meter but CEL came back. engine is running fine, but bucked once when accelerating up a hill. no apparent vacuum leaks, air box clean, filter newer and clean. could i have bad gas? n...
can anyone recommend a low priced decent scanner and where to purchase? i need one to correctly diagnose codes P0171 P0174 bank 1 bank 2 syst too lean, P1150 AF sensor range perf bank 2 sensor 1. ...
The Check Engine Light may illuminate because the mass air flow sensor sends incorrect information to the engine control computer. This can cause a loss of power on acceleration. A failed mass air ...
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Our card suit table runner is a great accent to your card party table. Each heavy paper colorful card suit table runner is 11" wide and 6' long and sold by the piece. Please order in increments of 1 piece.
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Be Careem: 6 Ramadan initiatives the car hire app is supporting
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Abu Dhabi's TAQA drops 5.4 pct after saying no merger talks
Qatar's Doha Bank raises 2 bln riyal Tier 1 capital-boosting bond
Dubai's Drake & Scull increases GCC ownership limit to 100 pct
Abu Dhabi's TAQA says not holding merger talks
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With the change of government in the UK, Britain intends to boost ties with key economic allies in the Gulf region.
November 25, 2010 3:13 by shafeer
The UK's Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Abu Dhabi for a two-day visit Wednesday. It's her first state visit in more than three decades to the United Arab Emirates, Britain's top trading partner in the Gulf region.
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Lakewood Real Estate
Current Lakewood Real Estate in Colorado
Lakewood, CO
MeadowlarkDetails of New Listings Detached Single Family, Ranch/1 Story - Lakewood, Co | Engel &Amp; Volkers Front Range
5 Bed, 4 Bath
3,481 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
WestgateDetails of Price Reduced Detached Single Family, 2 Story - Lakewood, Co | Mb Gvh Realty Co
4 Bed, 4 Bath
2,901 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
Parkridge FirstDetails of Price Reduced Detached Single Family, Ranch/1 Story - Lakewood, Co | The Resource Group Llc
3 Bed, 2 Bath
1,835 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
LakewoodDetails of New Listing Detached Single Family, Ranch/1 Story - Lakewood, Co | Assist2sell Re Professionals
3 Bed, 2 Bath
1,937 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
West RidgeDetails of Gated Detached Single Family, Tri-Level - Lakewood, Co | Assist2sell Re Professionals
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Lakewood, CO
LochwoodDetails of Pool Attached Single Family, Townhouse - Lakewood, Co | Aspen Real Estate
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1,058 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
Westgate MeadowsDetails of Cul de Sac Detached Single Family, Bi-Level - Lakewood, Co | Re/Max Alliance
3 Bed, 3 Bath
2,609 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO
Florida ParkDetails of Investment Attached Single Family, Condominium - Lakewood, Co | Homesmart Realty Group Of Colorado
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532 Sq.Ft
Lakewood, CO Real Estate Information: Prices of Lakewood, CO Homes for Sale
Lakewood's housing styles are as diverse as its neighborhoods. Potential homeowners can easily find a home that suits their price range and style here in Lakewood. Real estate prices for single-family homes in Lakewood range anywhere from less than $100,000 to upwards of $2.5 million. Brick ranches with 3 bedrooms and 1-2 bathrooms can be found in the $130,000 - $140,000 range, while traditionally designed homes with vinyl siding exteriors can be found in the mid-$120,000s. Contemporary styled houses as well as modern custom-built homes and estates anchor the higher end of the pricing spectrum starting from the $500,000s. Many new condominiums and townhouses in Lakewood are priced starting around $85,000 and reaching up to $475,000 for larger models with amenities such as tennis courts and clubhouses.
Lakewood Real Estate Stats and Trends for the week of July 6th, 2015: homes priced around $283,942 compared to $315,450 the previous week, showing a decrease of less than -11%. For Tuesday, July 7th, the current national mortgage rate for a 30 year fixed mortgage is 4.09%; the 15 year fixed rate is at 3.15%. For a loan larger than conventional conforming loans, or 'jumbo' loan, the 30 year rate is 4.32%, while the 15 year jumbo rate currently is at 3.80%. You can calculate your mortgage rate with our mortgage calculators. Get local info and homes for sale in Lakewood CO. View active real estate listings for different types of properties including new homes, houses for sale, foreclosures, short sales, and price reduced listings. Find information and property resources including prices of recently sold homes, neighborhood information, crime stats, home values, and schools in Lakewood to help you find the best home!
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Oct 19
Jul 7
Jammall DJ Metaphysic Gordon Benefit Musical sets byEye2025 (Ness of A-ALikes), Gabriel Maskal, UMI (RBG fam), Karniege, Faroh Z, 5th Seal ((MPC set)), F.T., Golden Child ((live band))Salaam, Akir, Blazhay, DJ Madsol-DesarSpecial invited, Hasam guest Immortal Technique and M1(Dead Prez) Interactive Art Workshop with Crystal Clarity and Marthalicia plus recordings from Soundtrack Hour on pncradio.fm with KayKnowble and DJ Metaphysic 100% of the proceeds to benefit his family
Dec 11
478 Austin Place 2nd floor Bronx, New York US Cost:? Description:Friday,December 11, 2009 Rebel Diaz Arts Collective 478 Austin Place 2nd floor Bronx, NY 8pm til ? Guestlist +2 Also rocking; UMI , Divino, A-Alikes
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Bio: At a time when the economy is sinking, the prison industrial complex is expanding and the music industry is shrinking into a handful of major corporations driven by sales alone on Nervous records helped garner them national press and has lead them to their current project "The Ballot or the Bulle...See Full Bio


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|Conan the Librarian
|E7 6b
|No description has been contributed for this climb.
Ticklists: North Wales Super Route E6's, North Wales Rock Graded List, Full of Myself - Johnny's Book namecheck, CLIMB Mag's Top 100 routes in Britain, 100 or so good E6s - aye Caff.
Photo: Conan pitch 2, taking it steady. © Mike Waters


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These Dogs Keep Getting Stuck in the Doggie Door
Maybe it was really a cat door and they just made a little mistake.
Maybe it was really a cat door and they just made a little mistake.
Kittens playing with dogs. Kittens playing with bunnies. There's even a kitten playing with a hedgehog. A hedgehog!
Puppies have an uncanny knack for breaking down the boundaries around them.
Eat at Buffalo Wild Wings East or West anytime this weekend, present the coupon and 10% of your purchase will be donated to It Takes a Village Canine Rescue, but you've got to get your coupon! Find it here!
Come on, dog. It's just a little duckling, fer Pete's sake.
This Sunday, get your poker face ready for the Cards 4 Critters Poker Tournament to benefit Another Chance for Animals, a foster-based rescue in the Evansville area.
Cats have, shall we say, a bit of a reputation for being not the friendliest of species. We would like to dispel that myth.
Unlike cats, dogs aren't expected to be naturally brilliant jumpers.
"Cats always land on their feet," as the saying goes. Well, not all cats.


text:
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대한병리학회지: 제 37 권 제 1 호 2003 The Korean Journal of Pathology. 2003; 37: 74-7 Localized Malignant Mesothelioma of Peritoneum Arising in the Liver Capsule - A Case Report - ∙ Hae Joung Sul∙Dae Young Kang Mesothelioma originates in several sites including the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis. The pleura is the most common site of origin, but cases originating in the per- Department of Pathology, Chungnam itoneum is relatively rare. Mesothelial lesions of the peritoneum may pose significant diagnos- University College of Medicine, tic problems. Yet, the accurate identification of this lesion is important because of its distinctive Daejeon, Korea behavior and treatment modality. We herein report a case of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum arising in the capsule of the liver. The accuracy of our diagnosis has been confirmed Received : October18, 2002 by the immunohistochemical study and electron microscopic examination. Accepted : January 22, 2002 Corresponding Author Hae Joung Sul, M.D. Department of Pathology, Chungnam University College of Medicine, 640 Daesadong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-131, Korea Tel: 042-220-7196 Fax: 042-220-7189 E-mail: email@example.com Key Words : Mesothelioma-Peritoneum Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm and accounts for mesothelioma was made, and the mass was removed. Grossly, the about 10% of all mesotheliomas.1 Malignant mesothelioma of tumor was adherent to the liver and consisted of variably sized the peritoneum must be distinguished from the more common nodules (Fig. 1). Histologically, the tumor consisted of two cell primary peritoneal serous epithelial neoplasms. This report doc- types: solid and papillary epithelial growth. In the papillary area, uments a malignant tumor of the peritoneum that showed ultra- the papillary fragments consisted of two-cell thick layers of me- structural and immunohistochemical features consistent with sothelial cells surrounding thin fibrovascular cores (Fig. 2A). In malignant mesothelioma. the solid area, the tumor cells were arranged in cohesive groups or sheets. The tumor cells had round or ovoid nuclei in variable size with prominent nucleoli (Fig. 2B). Mitotic figures were less CASE REPORT than 1/10 HPF. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for cal- retinin (1:50, Zymed, San Francisco, U.S.A.) (Fig. 3A) and cytok- A 55-year-old female patient presented with malaise, abdom- eratin (1:50, DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark), while negative for inal pain, fever, and ascites. She also lost approximately 6 kg dur- carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (1:50, DAKO, Glostrup, Den- ing the previous three months. She had no history of any other ill- mark) (Fig. 3B) and factor VIII related antigen (1:100, Zymed, nesses preceding the onset of these symptoms. The patient had San Francisco, U.S.A.). Scanning and transmission electron mi- no history of asbestos exposure. An ultrasonography and a com- croscopic examinations using paraffin blocks of the tumor tis- puted tomography confirmed ascites as well as an ill-defined sue showed numerous long microvilli of the tumor cell surfaces exophytic mass of the liver capsule. The cytologic examination (Fig. 4). The morphological findings were consistent with local- of the ascites showed mostly red blood cells with only a few de- ized malignant mesothelioma. After the tumor excision, the pa- generated mesothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The fine nee- tient was treated with Taxol by intraperitoneal injection. The dle aspiration of the mass revealed mesenchymal elements and patient has been free of abnormal symptoms of the tumor for spindle-shaped epithelial-like cells. A presumptive diagnosis of three months. 1 Localized Malignant Mesothelioma 2 DISCUSSION occur in individuals past 40 years of age, but the tumor has been described in young adults,2 children,3 and neonates.4 The obser- Mesotheliomas are located superficially in the body cavities. vation that patients with mesotheliomas are prone to develop The pleural malignant mesothelioma is by far more common pleural effusion or ascites leads to the suggestion that cytologic (about ten- to thirty-fold) than the peritoneal variants.1 Not in- examinations of effusion specimens would be useful in establish- frequently, mesothelioms involve both the pleura and the peri- ing the diagnosis.5 However, not all patients with mesotheliomas toneum as the result of direct extension through the diaphragm. have developed pleural effusion or ascites at the time of clinical They very rarely occur in other locations (e.g., the pericardium presentation, and there are also cases of mesothelioma with neg- and the tunica vaginalis). Most cases of peritoneal mesothelioma ative results in effusion cytology. Occasionally, the disease may first manifestat itself in a hernial sac or in the umbilicus.6 In other instances ing- uinal or cervical lymphadenopathy resulting from a metastatic disease was the first sign of the tumor.7 Immunocytochemically, malignant mesothelioma cells are stro- ngly positive for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, basement membrane-related proteins (type 4 collagen, laminin, and laminin receptors), and calretinin; and they are generally negative for CEA, B72.3, and Leu-M1.8 The tumor cells may also exhibit positiv- ity for vimentin and, occasionally also, for actin and desmin.9,10 Some malignant mesotheliomas also express bcl-2 protein. A recent study demonstrated that Leu-M1 was detected in 94% of adenocarcinomas of the lung and in 58% of adenocarcinomas of other organs but in none of 28 mesotheliomas.11 Thus, anti-Leu- M1 may be of value in differentiating between adenocarcinoma and mesothlioma of the peritoneum. The differential diagnosis of a variety of mesothelial lesions of the peritoneum includes mesothelial hyperplasia, multilocular Fig. 1. The exophytic tumor is adherent to the liver surface (arrow). peritoneal inclusion cysts (benign cystic mesothelioma), well-dif- A B Fig. 2. (A) Papillary structures with thin fibrovascular cores are surrounded by malignant mesothelial cells. (B) Solid sheets of the tumor cells have eosino philic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli. 3 Hae Joung Sul∙Dae Young Kang A B Fig. 3. (A) The tumor cells are diffusely immmunostained for calretinin. (B) Immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen is completely negative in the tumor cells. A B Fig. 4. Scanning (A) and transmission (B) electron micrographic views of the tumor cells show the intercellular spaces with multiple slen- der microvilli (arrow) and desmosome (empty arrows). ferentiated papillary mesothelioma, and diffuse malignant meso- is important for proper treatment. For undifferentiated tumors thelioma. These lesions are usually different. The presence of many involving the pleura or peritoneum, the main diagnostic consid- three-dimensional groupings of neoplastic cells with prominent erations are malignant mesothelioma and peritoneal serous epithe- nucleoli, nuclear pleomorphism, and cell clusters in irregular ar- lial neoplasm (primary or metastatic). Unlike mesotheliomas, se- rangements as in this case was not consistent with mesothelial rosal carcinomas do not show a diffuse and/or perinuclear distri- hyperplasia. The distinction between malignant mesothelioma bution of tonofilaments.12,13 The long, thin, branching microvil- and other malignant neoplasms diffusely involving the peritoneum li of relatively well differentiated mesotheliomas are often lost in Localized Malignant Mesothelioma 4 poorly differentiated mesotheliomas.14 In these poorly differen- 5. Triol JH, Coston AS, Chandler SV. Malignant mesothelioma. Cyto- tiated examples, however, the diffuse cytoplasmic or perinuclear pathology of 75 cases seen in a New Jersey community hospital. Acta distribution of tonofilaments often remains a good marker of me- Cytol 1984; 28: 37-45. sothelial differentiation. These tumor cells showed characteristi- nod- 6. Chen KT. Malignant mesothelioma presenting as Sister Joseph' cally abundant long slender microvilli on the surfaces of the ep- ule. Am J Dermatopathol 1991; 13: 300-3. ithelial type of tumor cells. The scanning electron micrscopie 7. Sussman J, Rosai J. Lymph node metastasis as the initial manifesta- examination using paraffin blocks is a very effective method to tion of malignant mesothelioma. Report of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma, especially when the imm- 1990; 14: 819-28. unohistochemical results are difficult to interprete. Immunohisto- 8. Gosh AK, Butler EB. Immunohistological staining reactions of anti- chemically, serous neoplasms are more likely to be reactive for carcinoembryonic antigen. CA and antihuman milk fat globule mon- CEA, Leu-M1, B72.3, CA-125, S-100 protein, placental alkaline oclonal antibodies on benign and malignant exfolated mesothelial phosphatase, and amylase than are the mesotheliomas15. Of these, cells. J Clin Pathol 1987; 40: 1424-7. CEA, Leu-M1, and B72.3 have the most discriminatory value.15 9. Rosai J, Dehner LP. Nodular mesothelial hyperplasia in hernia sacs. The prognosis differs slightly according to the type of mesothe- A benign reactive condition simulating a neoplastic process. Cancer lioma. It is grave in the diffuse epithelial and biphasic types and 1975; 354: 165-75. even less favorable in fibrous type; most patients with these tu- 10. Kung ITM, Thallas V, Spenser EJ, Wilson SM. Expression of muscle mors die of complications caused by the primary neoplasm with- actin in diffuse mesothelioma. Hum Pathol 1995; 26: 565-70. in 12-18 months after diagnosis.2 Metastases occur usually at a 11. Sheibani K, Battifore H. Antigenic phenotype of malignant mesothe- late stage of the disease. There is still no effective mode of ther- lioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma: an immunohistological anal- apy, but multiagent chemotherapy and radiation therapy, in addi- ysis demonstrating the value of Leu-M1 antigen. Am J Pathol 1986; tion to surgery, seem to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival. 123: 212-9. 12. Warhol MJ, Hickey WF, Corson JM. Malignant mesothelioma: ultra- structual distinction from adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1982; REFERENCES 6: 307-14. 13. Warhol MJ, Hickey WF, Corson JM. An ultrastructural comparision 1. Loggie BW. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Curr Treat Options of mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas of the ovary and endometri- Oncol 2001; 2: 395-9. um. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1982; 1: 125-34. 2. Kane MJ, Chahinian AP, Holland JF. Malignant mesothelioma in 14. Dardick I, Jabi M, Mc Caughey WTE, Deodhere S, van Nostrand AW, young adults. Cancer 1990; 65: 1449-55. Srigley TR. Diffuse epithelial mesothelioma: a review of the ultrastruc- 3. Armstrong GR, Raafat F, Ingram L, Mann Jr. Malignant peritoneal tural spectrum. Ultrastruct Pathol 1987; 11: 502-33. mesothelioma in childhood. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112: 1159-62. 15. Khoury N, Raju U, Crissman JD, Zaboro RJ, Greenawald KA. A com- 4. Siberstein MJ, Lewis JE, Blair JD, Grariss ER, Brodeur AE. Congeni- parative immunohistochemical study of peritoneal and ovarian serous tal peritoneal mesothelioma. J Pediatr Surg 1983; 18: 243-6. tumors, and mesothelioma. Hum Pathol 1984: 26: 811-9.
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Race, ethnicity, and class in American social thought, 1865-1919
H. Davidson, 1982 - History - 141 pages
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The Persistence of Race and Racism
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abolitionists acculturation American History argued asserted assimilation believed Booker capitalists Chicago Church citizens civic civilization class conflict convinced cooperation corporations Darwinism Dawes Act democracy Douglass economic efforts equality of opportunity ethnic federal government fittest force Freedmen's Bureau genteel ghetto Ghost Dance Gompers Haymarket Riot Henry historians hoped Howells human immi immigrants Indian individual industrial capitalism inferiority insisted institutions interest Italians Jews John Kallen Knights of Labor labor laissez-faire land leaders legislation loyalty melting pot ment migrants mobility moral movement NAACP Negro Niagara Movement nonetheless numbers organizations party political Populists poverty prejudice programs progressivism protection race racial racism radical recognized Reconstruction regulation response Roosevelt Samuel Gompers schools separatism settlement workers Social Darwinism social scientists social thought socialists society sought South southern theme tion Turner twentieth century unions United urban W. E. B. Du Bois Washington William World York


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Park Forest, Illinois, 60466
Commute to Downtown Park Forest
Some errands can be accomplished on foot.
Score Details
This location has a Walk Score of 67 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Park Forest. Nearby parks include Veterans Memorial Park, Central Park and Cedar Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from this location.
Rail lines:
ME Metra Electric
1.4 mi
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362 South Park forest
0.1 mi
367 University Park
0.1 mi
366 Park Forest - Chicago Heights
0.1 mi
This location is in the city of Park Forest, IL. Park Forest has an average Walk Score of 32 and has 21,975 residents.Learn More About Park Forest


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Awesome little accessory! Easy to bring with on long car rides, days at the park, or even to-go meals. We bought two, so we could keep one in each car. Read morePublished 5 months ago by ItsME365
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Outstanding product in its design and manufacture. Relatively expensive, but worth it. Highly recommended for all events where "traveling flatware" would be useful.Published on September 25, 2012 by Dr. William P. Hood, Jr.
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Thanks Helmut Bartsch for your kind words. Much appreciated.
Greetings from England.
Hi AXOTA Thanks You are right, it was one of the most amazing sites i've ever seen Deffinatly the best sunset i've ever witnessed. once again thanks for your kind comment.
Thankyou ACRONYM for your kind words.It deffinatly was a great moment to witness. Greetings from England.
I guess I fooled you too Tone!!
New I.D.--- I'm a wanted man ;>))
Hi ACRONYM or is it wanted man yes you fooled me i had no idea jim, lol.
Extremely beautiful sunset!
Greetings from Bulgaria!
Hi zaro1965. Thank you. It was quite a site. I keep looking out for another sunset with a vapor trail, but i havn't seen one yet.
Greetings from England.
WOW! What a stunning shot, Tone! I have never seen anything like this before! Must have been a fantastic sight! YS! Greetings, Anne
Thank you. That is most kind Anne I love this photo. to me it shows that Nature is the greatist artist of all. I'm just glad i was able to capture it and witness it. I've not seen a sunset like this before or since. Thanks for the Yellow star.
Breathtaking view! I like it!
Best wishes, Vyacheslav
Hello Vyacheslav L. Thank you I'm very pleased you find it a Breathtaking view. Much appreciated.
Greetings from Tone.
Wooowhhh¡¡¡ What amazing and stunning shot¡¡¡¡, EXCELENT¡¡¡ yelow star¡¡¡ BRAVO¡¡ Carmen
Hi Carmen Thank you very much for your kind comment. I also thank you for the YS Yelow Star.
Much appreciated.
Greetings from Tone.
Super sunset shot! Amazing colors!
Greetings, Heiner
Meny thanks Heiner I happend to be in the right place at the right time for this photo. I always look out for a sunset like that but theres not been anything quite like it since, not that i've seen anyway. Greetings from Tone.
Wow, what a sight to see! Incredible capture.
UI - great shot!!! Best of!
Hello jean~ge Thanks yes it was an amazing site. Glad you like it.
Greetings Tone.
Hello Aga Thank you very much for your comment. Greetings Tone.
Hello Claudia Boehmer Thanks for your kind words and BEST OF. Much appreciated.
Greetings Tone.
by studio4t1; a word with the great, Bedri / Turkey
Photo taken in Torquay, Torbay, UK


text:
By Gideon Rachman
The shuttered banks of Greece represent a profound failure for the EU. The current crisis is not just a reflection of the failings of the modern Greek state, it is also about the failure of a European dream of unity, peace and prosperity.
© The Financial Times Ltd 2015 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.


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Book your room at Courtyard by Marriott Los Angeles Woodland Hills
Standard Room, 1 King BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Standard Room, 2 Queen BedsMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Deluxe RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Get an overview of this hotel3-star hotel with restaurant and outdoor pool
Situated in Woodland Hills, this hotel is 1.6 mi (2.6 km) from Westfield Promenade Shopping Mall and 2.3 mi (3.7 km) from Westfield Topanga. Anthony C. Beilenson Park and Van Nuys Golf Course are also within 9 mi (15 km).
Hotel Features
A restaurant, an outdoor pool, and a 24-hour fitness center are available at this hotel. Other amenities include a bar/lounge, a coffee shop/café, and self parking.
Room Amenities
All 122 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and coffee makers, plus free WiFi and flat-screen TVs with satellite channels. Pillowtop beds, iPod docks, and free newspapers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Courtyard by Marriott Los Angeles Woodland Hills features an outdoor pool and a 24-hour fitness center. Dining options at the hotel include a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink.
This 3-star property offers access to a business center. This business-friendly hotel also offers multilingual staff, gift shops/newsstands, and concierge services. Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Business center
- Coffee shop or café
- Concierge services
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-out
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Number of floors - 6
- Total number of rooms - 122
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Outdoor pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Air conditioning
- Free newspaper
- Refrigerator
- Microwave (on request)
- Designer toiletries
- Bathtub or shower
- Satellite TV service
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Coffee/tea maker
- Desk
- Hair dryer
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- iPod docking station
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Phone
- Pillowtop mattress
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Where to Eat
Full breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 6:30 AM and 9:30 AM.
The Bistro - This bistro specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, dinner, and light fare. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. Happy hour is offered.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool and a 24-hour fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Self parking fee: USD 10 per night (in/out privileges)
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


text:
VIDEO: First Look - Kristen Wiig & More in IFC's SPOILS OF BABYLON, Premiering 1/9
Grab a bottomless glass of scotch and hold onto your leather library chair for The Spoils of Babylon, a momentous and sweeping tale of forbidden love, betrayal, corruption and bloodshed. The gripping six-part saga features Jessica Alba, Will Ferrell, Jellybean Howie, Val Kilmer, Tobey Maguire, Haley Joel Osment, Tim Robbins, Michael Sheen, Steve Tom and Kristen Wiig with a cameo by David Spade and the voice of Carey Mulligan. The Spoils of Babylon premieres with two back-to-back half-hour episodes on Thursday, January 9 at 10:00pm ET/PT on IFC.
The Spoils of Babylon world premiere marks the most celebrated achievement in television history. Legendary author Eric Jonrosh (Ferrell), the undisputed master of fiction, personally opens and closes each episode, introducing audiences to the storytelling genius behind the brilliant adaptation of his best-selling novel, a sweeping chronicle of the provocative and captivating exploits of the Morehouse family.
Patriarch Jonas Morehouse (Robbins) shepherds his daughter Cynthia (Wiig) and adopted son Devon (Maguire) from meager beginnings in the oil fields of Texas to powerful boardrooms in New York City. Cynthia and Devon, entwined in undeniable love, stumble through war-torn battlefields, blazing mansions, filthy drug dens and velvet-sheeted bedrooms on their quest for power and influence.
Despite Jonas's best efforts to intervene, Cynthia and Devon's merciless love sets into motion a wave of destruction that crashes down on Devon's graceful wife Lady Anne (Mulligan), his daughter Marianne (Howie), his colleague and lover Dixie (Alba), Cynthia's hen-pecked husband Chet (Sheen), her evil son Winston (Osment), the scheming Generals (Kilmer and Tom) and far beyond.
The Spoils of Babylon is produced by Funny or Die for IFC and executive produced by Ferrell, Adam McKay, Matt Piedmont, Andrew Steele and Nate Young. Steele and Piedmont created and wrote the series, and Piedmont directed.
About Author
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- Dakota Johnson to Host SNL Tonight; Alabama Shakes to Perform
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- Discovery Family to Premiere New Episodes of TRANSFORMERS RESCUE BOTS, Today
- Telemundo to Present FUTBOL ESTELAR: LEON VS SANTOS, Today
- Telemundo to Give Viewers Sneak Peek at Upcoming Programming on LO NUEVO, Today


text:
Thrust augmentation in a rocket nozzle is achieved by incorporating injectors for the introduction of unburnt fuel and oxidizer into a nozzle to combust in the nozzle and thereby supplement the primary thrust that is supplied by fuel and oxidizer that are combusted prior to entry into the nozzle. These secondary injectors are incorporated into the design of expansion-deflection nozzles and plug nozzles. In expansion-deflection nozzles, the injectors are either in the flow deflector itself or in the wall of the divergent section of the nozzle. In plug nozzles, the injectors are either in a shell of the nozzle surrounding the forward end of the centerbody or in the centerbody itself.
1. A propulsion system comprising:
a rocket nozzle comprising a combustion zone, a throat, and a divergent section disposed along a longitudinal axis to define a serially axial direction of flow extending from said combustion zone, through said throat, and then through said divergent section;
a flow deflector disposed in said divergent section, said flow deflector having a flared end flaring outward along said direction of flow to deflect combustion gas emerging from said throat away from said longitudinal axis; and
separate flow passages extending through said flow deflector, said flow passages parallel to said longitudinal axis and terminating at said flared end to separately inject said fluid fuel and oxidizer into said core.
2. The propulsion system of
3. The propulsion system of
4. The propulsion system of
5. The propulsion system of
6. The propulsion system of
7. The propulsion system of
8. The propulsion system of
9. The propulsion system of
10. The propulsion system of
11. The propulsion system of
1. Field of the Invention
This invention resides in the technology of nozzle design for rocket propulsion systems.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Rocket-powered launch vehicles require high thrust at takeoff due to the large amount of unburned fuel initially present in the vehicle. For vehicles that are launched from the earth's surface, takeoff typically occurs at sea level while the vehicle performs its primary mission at high altitude where the external pressure is lower and is often at high vacuum. To perform its primary mission effectively, the vehicle must produce a high specific impulse (Isp), i.e., a high ratio of thrust to the weight of fuel consumed in a unit of time. This is most readily achieved when the engine has a nozzle with a high area ratio, which is the ratio of the area at the nozzle exit to the area at the throat. Nozzles with high area ratios tend to produce relatively low thrust at sea level, however, because of a reverse pressure differential near the nozzle exit that occurs when the wall pressure is below ambient pressure. This reverse pressure differential produces a negative thrust component in the portion of the nozzle near the exit, i.e., a thrust component whose direction is opposite to the forward direction of the vehicle. This negative component reduces the total thrust produced by the nozzle.
One method in the prior art to eliminate this negative component of the sea level thrust without compromising the thrust in a high vacuum environment is the use of a nozzle of variable area, i.e., one in which the area at the exit is reduced for launch and then gradually increased during ascent. The variation is achieved by constructing the nozzle with the capability of adjustments to the contour, area ratio and length of the nozzle as the vehicle altitude increases. Features such as these add considerable complexity and weight to the engine construction, however, and they are less than fully successful since the nozzle in most cases continues to produce less thrust at sea level than at vacuum. Other methods have included the use of combination-type engines using different fuels at different stages. Typical such combinations are kerosene-fueled engines combined with engines derived from the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), kerosene-fueled engines combined with hydrogen-fueled engines such as the Russian RD-701 engine, the dual-fuel-dual-expander engine concept described by Beichel, R., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,001 (issued Sep. 2, 1980), and the dual-thrust rocket motor of Bornstein, L., U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,286 (issued Jan. 30, 1979) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,606 (issued Sep. 23, 1980). The Beichel engine requires a complex nozzle design that incorporates two thrust chambers, while the Bornstein motor achieves dual thrust by using separate sustainer and booster propellant grains in the combustion chamber, together with an igniter and squib that are inserted into the grain itself. A further alternative is the introduction of secondary combustion gas near the wall of the divergent section of the nozzle, as described by Bulman, M., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,568,171 (issued May 27, 2003).
Of further possible relevance to this invention are space vehicles, notably those that are designed to undergo ascent, descent, or both in high-vacuum environments such as the surface of the moon, either to return to earth or to enter a lunar orbit. These vehicles require very deep throttling upon approaching the landing surface and the need to vary thrust upon takeoff from a very high level at the take-off surface to a lower level when landing on the moon.
The present invention resides in propulsion systems that combine elements of secondary combustion with a variety of nozzles, including both expansion-deflection nozzles and plug nozzles, to achieve thrust augmentation in atmospheres, such as sea level or the lunar surface, where the nozzle would otherwise experience a negative thrust component.
One propulsion system in accordance with the invention is based on a supersonic nozzle with a combustion zone, a throat, and a supersonic divergent section, with an expansion-deflection design including a flow deflector in the center of the nozzle. In certain examples of this type of system, the flow deflector is mounted to the end of a shaft that extends through the combustion chamber and terminates in a flared or expanded end inside the divergent section. Combustion occurs in the annular passage between the shaft and the nozzle wall, and a throat for supersonic flow is formed between the flared end of the deflector and the nozzle wall. The flared end directs the combustion gas emerging from the throat outward toward the wall of the divergent section to increase the pressure at the wall. Thrust augmentation in accordance with this invention is achieved in this example by the inclusion of flow passages inside the flow deflector that introduce unreacted fuel and oxidizer into the core region of the divergent section when thrust augmentation is needed. Thus introduced, the fuel and oxidizer combust in the core region to form a secondary combustion gas, increasing the pressure in the divergent section of the nozzle and providing added thrust due to the pressure exerted by the secondary combustion gas against the aft face of the flared end of the flow deflector and to the added pressure exerted against the nozzle wall by the compression of the primary combustion gas. When no longer needed, the flow of fuel and oxidizer through the deflector is discontinued, saving both fuel and oxidizer. The flow deflector thus serves both as a means of diverting primary combustion gas toward the wall to the supersonic section to increase the pressure at the wall and a means of supplying secondary combustion gas at low altitudes to augment the thrust and control all of the combustion gas flow in the supersonic section.
In another expansion-deflection propulsion system in accordance with this invention, thrust augmentation is achieved by placing the injectors in the wall of the divergent section rather than in the flow deflector. Fuel and oxidizer are introduced through these injectors to combust in an annular region of the divergent section surrounding the combustion gas from the primary combustion. Augmented thrust in this system is provided by injecting combustible fluids around the periphery of the primary combustion gas, compressing the primary combustion gas toward the axis of the nozzle.
Other propulsion systems with thrust augmentation in accordance with this invention are plug nozzles, i.e., nozzles in which combustion gases are directed against a centerbody extending from the nozzle in the aft direction. The contour of the centerbody and the angle of impact of the combustion gases against the centerbody produce a forward thrust. With no shroud surrounding the centerbody, the external boundary of the flow path of the combustion gas is limited only by the external atmosphere. The expansion of the combustion gas thus varies with altitude, thereby allowing the nozzle to compensate for altitude changes. In one example of the incorporation of features to provide augmented thrust, injectors for uncombusted fuel and oxidizer are placed in a short shell encircling the forward end of the centerbody. The fuel and oxidizer that are injected through these injectors combust in a region that surrounds the flow path of the primary combustion gas, thus compressing the primary combustion gas against the centerbody. In another example, injectors for uncombusted fuel and oxidizer are placed in the centerbody itself at locations toward the forward end. Fuel and oxidizer from these injectors form a central flow region where the fuel and oxidizer combust and displace the primary combustion gas from the centerbody.
Nozzles in accordance with this invention are useful in a variety of rocket-powered vehicles, including space vehicles for the reasons stated in the "Description of the Prior Art" above.
These and other features, embodiments, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description that follows.
Supersonic expansion-deflection nozzles are defined by a convergent section, a throat, a divergent section, and a flow deflector near the forward end of the divergent section. The nozzle is preferably symmetrical about a longitudinal axis, either with mirror-image contours or as a body of revolution about the axis. In preferred embodiments of this invention, the divergent section has an axial profile of continuous curvature. By "axial profile" is meant the profile of the divergent section determined by a cross section along a plane that includes the nozzle axis. A "continuous curvature" is one that forms a smooth curve with no abrupt changes in radius of curvature and no changes in the direction of curvature, although the radius of curvature may vary or remain constant. This is distinct from nozzles with discontinuous, or stepwise changes in, curvature such as those nozzles designed to cause the combustion gas inside the divergent section to separate from the wall of the section at the discontinuity. The term "curve" is used in the mathematical sense and includes straight lines as well as conventional curves, thus including both conical nozzles and hyperbolic or bell-shaped nozzles.
The present invention extends to expansion-deflection nozzles that cause the jet to separate from the wall near the nozzle exit due to overexpansion as well as expansion-deflection nozzles in which the jet does not separate. The invention is particularly useful in overexpanded nozzles. The term "overexpanded nozzle" is used herein as it is in the rocketry art to mean a nozzle in which the area ratio, defined as the ratio of the area at the nozzle exit to the area at the throat, is so great that the gas expansion occurring in the nozzle results in a gas pressure at the nozzle exit that is below ambient pressure at sea level. Area ratios that achieve this may vary, and the nozzle configuration that produces overexpansion will vary with the chamber pressure, the area ratio and the ambient pressure. For nozzles operated at relatively low chamber pressure such as 800 psia or thereabouts, overexpansion can occur with an area ratio as low as 7:1. For nozzles operated at higher chamber pressures, the area ratios at which overexpansion occurs are considerably higher. In general, therefore, when the invention is applied to overexpanded nozzles, the area ratio may be about 25:1 or higher, preferably from about 25:1 to about 150:1, and more preferably about 65:1 to about 85:1. SSME Class engines, for example, have area ratios in the range of 74:1 to 80:1. Area ratios of 77.5:1 or less, for example 70:1 to 77.5:1, are preferred.
Nozzles of this invention will generally have a longitudinal axis along the direction of gas flow through the nozzle. Cross sections of the nozzle that are transverse to this axis may vary in shape, including elongated shapes such as elliptical or rectangular cross sections, as well as square or circular cross sections. In certain embodiments of the invention, however, the nozzles are bodies of revolution about the longitudinal axis, i.e., with circular cross sections whose radii vary along the axis.
Other dimensions of expansion-deflection nozzles in accordance with this invention may vary as well and are not critical to this invention. A typical SSME may have a nozzle throat diameter of 10.3 inches (24 cm), increasing to a diameter of 90.7 inches (230 cm) at the nozzle exit over a length of 121 inches (307 cm). The area ratio of this nozzle is 77.5:1 and the length of the nozzle is equal to 80% of a 15� conical nozzle. Typical operating conditions of a conventional nozzle of this type, before being modified in accordance with the present invention, are a sea level thrust of 355,000 pounds-force (1,580,000 newtons), a gas flow rate of 970 pounds/second (440 kg/sec), a sea-level Isp of 365, a nozzle exit pressure of 2 psia, a vacuum thrust of 442,000 pounds-force (1,966,000 newtons) and a vacuum Isp of 455. With the addition of a secondary combustion gas in accordance with the present invention, the sea level thrust can be increased to almost three times the value quoted above.
In certain expansion-deflection nozzles of this invention, the flow deflector is mounted at the end of a shaft that extends through the combustion zone, while in others, the flow deflector lacks a shaft and is fully contained in a flared body that resides entirely in the divergent section of the nozzle. For those flow detectors that are mounted to a shaft, the width of the shaft, and accordingly the cross section of the annular passage between the shaft and the wall of the combustor, can vary widely and are not critical to the invention. The shaft need only be wide enough to accommodate the internal flow passage or passages for the propellant and oxidizer that burn in the divergent section to form the secondary combustion gas. In most cases, best results will be achieved when the cross section of the annular passage constitutes from about 20% to about 90%, and preferably from about 20% to about 50%, of the total cross section area of the combustor, i.e., the combined cross sections of the annular passage and the shaft. While the throat can assume any of a variety of configurations, the preferred configurations are those in which the throat is formed between the flow deflector and the opposing wall of the nozzle. In the case of a shaft-mounted flow deflector, the throat can be toroid-shaped, extending continuously around the circumference of the flared end of the flow deflector. For flow deflectors that are not supported by a shaft, a series of discrete throats can be distributed around the circumference of the flow deflector, separated by mounting structures such as webs to secure the deflector to the nozzle wall.
With or without a supporting shaft, the flared portion, i.e., the deflecting portion, of the deflector directs the primary combustion gas outward, away from the nozzle axis and toward the wall of the divergent section. The flared portion of the deflector deflects the gas flow outward and the aft face of the deflector can be curved or flat. In embodiments in which the deflector is supported by a shaft and the passages for fuel and oxidizer extend through the shaft, these passages terminate in injectors distributed across the aft face of the flared portion. The injectors direct the fuel and oxidizer into the central core that is surrounded by the annular region occupied by the deflected primary combustion gas.
When the principles of this invention are applied to plug nozzles rather than expansion-deflection nozzles, the combustion gases producing the primary thrust can be introduced through a variety of configurations. One example is the use of a single toroidal combustion chamber with a toroidal throat encircling the centerbody. Another is a series of individual combustion chambers distributed around the centerbody, each with its own throat. Still another is an elongated nozzle with an elongated centerbody and elongated combustion chambers on opposite sides of the centerbody. Injectors for fuel and oxidizer are preferably distributed in each case in a symmetrical arrangement around the centerbody. In preferred embodiments, the centerbody and the nozzle in general are a body of revolution that is axisymmetrical about the longitudinal axis. In terms of the injectors, certain configurations include a plurality of injectors for both fuel and oxidizer, either in an alternating arrangement or in adjacent but separate rows.
The propulsion system of this invention can be used with any known liquid propellants, including monopropellants and bipropellants. The term bipropellant as used herein refers to a combination of fuel and oxidizer. Examples of liquid fuels are liquid hydrogen (H2), hydrazine, methyl hydrazine, dimethyl hydrazine, and dodecane (kerosene). Examples of liquid oxidizers are liquid oxygen (O2), nitrogen tetroxide, and nitric acid. The amounts of fuel and oxidizer supplied through the injectors, both in absolute terms and relative to the primary combustion gas, can vary widely, depending on the thrust needs of the system, the area ratio of the nozzle and other parameters. In most cases, best results will be achieved when the fuel and oxidizer upon combustion produce a secondary combustion gas at a volumetric flow rate that is from about 25% to about 75% of the volumetric flow rate of the primary combustion gas. The fuel and oxidizer can be combined as a common stream prior to their entry into the nozzle, or supplied to separate injectors. In expansion-deflection embodiments, for example, where the fuel and oxidizer are supplied through the deflector shaft, the fuel and oxidizer are preferably flow in separate passages through the shaft to emerge through a larger number of injectors distributed across the aft face of the deflector. In all embodiments, the use of separate injectors for fuel and oxidizer for the secondary combustion is preferred, limiting contact between fuel and oxidizer to regions downstream of the injectors, where the fuel and oxidizer will both combust and provide secondary thrust. In various embodiments, this will allow the fuel and oxidizer to serve as coolants for the nozzle or for portions of the nozzle, particularly if a cryogenic fuel and oxidizer are used.
While this invention covers a wide range of configurations, geometries, and applications, an understanding of the features that are common to all embodiments and that define the invention and its operation as a whole can be obtained by a review of specific examples. The drawings accompanying this specification and their description below relate to certain examples; others will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
The nozzle, including all sections, is an axisymmetrical body of revolution about a longitudinal axis 22. The flow deflector 13 in this nozzle has an external contour that is likewise a body of revolution about its longitudinal axis and is mounted in the nozzle 11 coaxially with the nozzle. The mounting structure by which the deflector is mounted to the outer portions of the nozzle is not shown, but can be the same as that of expansion-deflection nozzles of the prior art and is typically at the fore end of the deflector. The deflector is mounted to a shaft 23 that passes through the combustion chamber 12, and terminates in a flared end 24 extending into the divergent section 14. The aft face 25 of the deflector is flat (planar) in this embodiment and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 22 of the nozzle and the deflector. The primary combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 12 passes through the throat 18, then continues past the flared end 24 where the combustion gas is diverted outward.
In the configuration shown in
As an illustration of the propulsion conditions that can be obtained in a nozzle as depicted in
Injectors for uncombusted bi-propellant 61 are positioned in the divergent section downstream of the throat. Separate injectors are provided for fuel 62 and oxidizer 63. In the configuration shown in
The same nozzle is depicted in an augmented thrust mode in
The unaugmented thrust mode is shown in
In augmented thrust operation, the flow patterns within the nozzle appear as shown in
Another plug nozzle 91 illustrating the invention is shown in
In the plug nozzle of
The systems shown in
The foregoing is offered primarily for purposes of illustration. Further variations and modifications that utilize the novel features of this invention and therefore also fall within the scope of this invention will readily occur to the skilled propulsion engineer.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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60 year old man | Hermosa Beach, CA, USA | Seeking women 45-60 within 10 miles
Looking For A Girl to go around the world. Looking For A Girl who's not afraid.
I am convinced that there exists a woman, special unlike all the rest, who sees the world with eyes like mine. We like to experience life. We are the creative, artistic type. We find pleasure in everything we do -- at our work, in the people we meet, even in our problems we find things to laugh about and to hope for. We love to follow the sun for warmth and play, and we enjoy hearing the sound of our voices in the night as we sit under the moon and stars. We like many different kinds of music from folk and rock to R&B and classical, jazz -- even some country and cultural songs too. And we like to play and sing along. You and I like to be with people, crowds and parties, but home is really good, too. We like the snow and we like the jacuzzi. Especially the jacuzzi -- and massages. We like good books, good stories really and we like the cold hard truth. Non- fiction books and non-fiction lives. We like fine drinks, good coffee, good vodka, and good ice-cream. We are very affectionate to each other and we love our families. We belong together, you and me.
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Playing sports , Political interests , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Dancing, Football, Golf, Inline skating, Martial arts, Other types of exercise, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
I like Birds, Cats, Fish, Horses, Other
I am a Europhile. I enjoy the lights and culture of the great cities, Paris, Rome, Madrid, Vienna, and I like the people and the pace of the the small towns. I want to see Hawaii, and South America.
Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
I like people and animals. I am close to the feeling of nature and the earth...and at the same time I move easily in my business and work. I have the most fun in real, open and honest conversation that leads to creativity and challenge. Spooning.
I love to laugh and be light, kid around and be playful. I like fine restaurants and dirty martinis, shaken not stirred. I like to drive at night, camp under the stars, and I like gummy bears. I like movies and live music. I like to jacuzzi.
I real mostly non-fiction, historical, biographical, and books of spiritual interest. Winston Churchill was my last subject. I re-read classics by, Homer, Shakespeare, Milton, Steinbeck, Mitchner, and others. I read the paper and the comics!
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|5'11" (180cms)
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text:
Start-Up Thinking: How Systems Thinking Helps Entrepreneurial Ventures Start, Grow, and Mature — Sorin Grama and Sam White
About the Presentation
Soon after a business plan is hatched and long before manufacturing ramps up, start-ups begin to apply systems design principles to create their breakthrough products. It turns out that systems engineering, an art developed and perfected in large organizations, applies just as well to small entrepreneurial ventures. What can start-ups learn from the likes of Ford and Boeing? Sorin Grama and Sam White, who launched Promethean Power Systems just after Grama graduated from SDM, will discuss how systems thinking shaped their start-up journey and helped them address social challenges while developing their first product.
About the Speakers
Sorin Grama, SDM '06, is the co-founder and CEO of Promethean Power Systems. He previously worked for National Instruments. He has a BS in electrical engineering from Ohio State University and an MS in engineering and management from MIT.
Sam White is the co-founder of Promethean Power, where he lines up partners, customers, and funding. His experience in business development includes five years with the Institute of Management Resources in Madrid. He has a BA from Union College and recently graduated from the Global Social Benefit Incubator at Santa Clara University.
About the Series
The MIT System Design and Management Program Systems Thinking Webinar Series features research conducted by SDM faculty, alumni, students, and industry partners. The series is designed to disseminate information on how to employ systems thinking to address engineering, management, and socio-political components of complex challenges.
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- November 30, 2011 15:34
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