text:
A post sleeve includes a reinforced concrete body preformed around a liner that defines a cavity extending longitudinally within the body, sized to receive a post. Standoff ribs run lengthwise within the cavity and extend inward from inner walls of the cavity. A post in the cavity is supported laterally by the standoff ribs. Drain channels between the ribs permit water to flow past the post and exit the cavity via a lower aperture. A drain tube is coupled to the lower aperture, and extends downward where it is covered with gravel at the bottom of a post hole. Concrete is poured around the post sleeve in the hole. The cavity is adaptable to receive posts of varying sizes, and at various depths. A collar closes a space between the post and the top of the cavity, permitting air circulation within the cavity while shedding water and substantially preventing insects from entering the cavity.
1. A sleeve assembly for a post, comprising:
a body of a material that is substantially impervious to water;
a cavity extending longitudinally within the body;
an upper aperture extending in the body to a first end of the cavity;
a plurality of standoff elements extending inward from inner walls of the cavity, innermost surfaces of the plurality of standoff elements collectively defining, at a plurality of depths within the cavity, an inner space having dimensions of a selected size;
a lower aperture extending in the body to a second end of the cavity;
a plurality of drain channels within the cavity configured to permit fluid to flow through and exit the cavity via the lower aperture while an innermost surface of each of the standoff elements is in contact with a surface of a post positioned in the cavity; and
a first plurality of stops extending inward from the inner walls of the cavity without extending into the inner space, and having a bearing surface lying substantially in a first plane, the first plane lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cavity.
2. The sleeve assembly of
3. The sleeve assembly of
4. The sleeve assembly of
5. The sleeve assembly of
6. The sleeve assembly of
7. The sleeve assembly of
a threaded aperture extending from an outer surface of the body to the cavity, and having a longitudinal axis lying perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cavity; and
a fastener having threads engaged by threads of the threaded aperture, the fastener substantially traversing the threaded aperture and being configured to move along the longitudinal axis of the threaded aperture.
8. The sleeve assembly of
9. The sleeve assembly of
10. The sleeve assembly of
11. The sleeve assembly of
12. The sleeve assembly of
13. The sleeve assembly of
14. The sleeve assembly of
15. The sleeve assembly of
16. The sleeve assembly of
17. The sleeve assembly of
18. The sleeve assembly of
19. The sleeve assembly of
20. The sleeve assembly of
21. The sleeve assembly of
22. The sleeve assembly of
23. The sleeve assembly of
24. The sleeve assembly of
25. The sleeve assembly of
26. The sleeve assembly of
27. A post sleeve, comprising:
an elongate body;
a cavity extending longitudinally within the body and configured to receive an end of a post therein; and
an identifier affixed to the body and uniquely differentiating the post sleeve from other post sleeves.
28. The post sleeve of
29. The post sleeve of
30. The post sleeve of
31. The post sleeve of
32. The post sleeve of
33. The post sleeve of
34. A post sleeve, comprising:
an elongate body of preformed concrete;
a first aperture in a top surface of the body;
a cavity extending from the first aperture longitudinally within the body and configured to receive a post therein; and
an upper rim extending around the first aperture and having an upper surface sloping away from the aperture, outer transverse dimensions of the upper rim being greater than outer transverse dimensions of the body below the upper rim.
35. The post sleeve of
36. The post sleeve of
37. The post sleeve of
38. The post sleeve of
39. The post sleeve of
1. Technical Field
The embodiments of the present disclosure are related in general to the field of installation of supports for uprights of fences, traffic signs, real estate signage, etc., and in particular to post supports that can be permanently installed, and from which one post can be removed and another emplaced.
2. Description of the Related Art
Posts of various lengths and compositions are used in a wide range of applications, including supporting fences, traffic control signs, temporary structures, etc. Where a post is intended to be substantially permanent, it is often placed in a hole and anchored in a concrete footing to increase its cross section and hold it firmly in place. One problem that is commonly encountered in such situations is that posts, especially wooden posts, are subject to breakage, warpage, and decomposition. Replacing a post that has been anchored in concrete is difficult, wasteful, and unfriendly to the environment for reasons that include excessive use of natural resources and the generation of landfill material. The concrete footing must be removed from the ground in order to make room for the new post. This requires that a much larger hole must be dug around the concrete footing. In turn, this requires a much larger volume of concrete or re-compaction of the surrounding soil, to fill the hole around the new post and create the new footing in proper contact with undisturbed or adequately compacted soil.
One of the most common causes of deterioration in wooden posts is water trapped around the end of the post inside the concrete. For example, when the post is damp or wet for an extended period of time, the wood absorbs water and draws it by capillary action downward into the concrete footing. Water becomes trapped between the wood and the inside wall of the concrete, so that the end of the post remains wet even while the upper portion is dry. This is especially true in cases where the end of the post is completely encapsulated in concrete, preventing water from escaping through the bottom of the footing, in which case the majority of the water escapes only through the wicking action of the end grain of the post.
To reduce this problem, installers often pour several inches of gravel into the bottom of a post hole and place the post directly on the gravel before they pour concrete around it. This prevents the concrete from completely sealing up the bottom of the post by flowing under it, and thus provides a channel for water to escape into the gravel. However, this is only a partial solution. Often the drainage gravel is not fully compacted and settles, causing more need for repair and replacement. Furthermore, with this common method, it takes substantial time for water, once having entered the footing, to work its way all the way through the footing and out the bottom. If the post is subjected to frequent or extended wet periods, the end of the post inside the footing may remain constantly wet even though water continues to drain out the bottom. Additionally, because of the direct contact with the ground on the end of the post, water can move upward into the footing when the ground is wet due to the capillary or wicking effect of the end grain. This constant dampness encourages the growth of organisms that digest the wood fiber and eventually destroy the post, or in the case of steel, rusts the post away. Additionally, the bottom of the footing is substantially open to insects, which can enter unobstructed from the gravel below to attack and eat the post.
Furthermore, direct contact between concrete and some species of wood generates a reaction that promotes deterioration of the wood. This limits the species of wood that can be used for fence or sign posts where concrete footings will be used in direct contact with the post.
Another approach that is used to protect wood posts and other lumber in direct contact with the ground or with concrete is commonly referred to as pressure treating. In this process, protective chemicals are forced into an outer surface of the post under high pressure. The chemicals provide the post with protection from common funguses and other organisms that cause deterioration. Pressure treatment generally extends the useful life of a post by a factor of five to ten. However, the chemicals used in pressure treatment are often toxic to humans and non-target organisms, and can leach into the water supply. In other cases, the chemicals are highly corrosive, tending to cause corrosion in fasteners and structures that are attached thereto. An additional problem with pressure treatment is that the wood cannot generally be recycled when it is replaced, and should not be composted, because of the chemicals still present. This means that it must be deposited in a landfill which in turn is a result of the need to install a post in direct contact with the ground and or concrete.
A third approach to this problem is the use of prefabricated anchors or sleeves, i.e., pockets that are placed in the ground or anchored in a concrete footing. These anchors permit a post to be removed and replaced without requiring that the pocket itself be replaced. Some examples of such anchors are disclosed in the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties: U.S. Pat. No. 5,632,464; U.S. Pat. No. 6,098,353; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,790.
The rim 104 is shown as having a smooth regular surface. According to other embodiments, the rim 104 can have any of a variety of shapes and configurations. For example, it can be embossed or debossed with text or symbols, textured to resemble stone or brick, or provided with architectural detail to coordinate with other nearby elements. The material of the body can be colored to add architectural detail, to promote functionality, or provide decorative appeal. The identification plate 108 is provided with a unique identification number that is applied during fabrication, and serves to separately identify each post sleeve assembly 100.
Turning now to
According to the embodiment pictured, the post sleeve 102 is sized to receive a 4�4 post, of the kind that is widely used for fences and signs. When a 4�4 post is positioned in the post sleeve 102 (as shown in
The sleeve liner 120 is produced by injection molding or some other appropriate method of manufacture. The sleeve liner 120 is placed within a mold, and the body 116 of the post sleeve 102 is cast around the sleeve liner 120. The body 116 extends above the upper portion of the sleeve liner 120, which shields the plastic sleeve from long term exposure to UV rays, which can cause many plastics to deteriorate. The standoff ribs 122 contact and support the post 110 and prevent contact between the wood post and the concrete body 116, while the drain channels 124 allow water to drain away from the post and permit air ventilation to promote moisture evaporation.
In one embodiment, the body 116 is cast from a high strength concrete mix that includes glass fiber reinforcement and is formulated to have compression strength of 5,000 to 9,000 psi. It is formed to be highly resistant to most environmental and incidental wear and tear that such a structure is likely to be subjected to. Accordingly, it is anticipated that the post sleeve 102 will have a serviceable life span many times that of a typical wood post footing that is poured on site, and may exceed 50 years, perhaps reaching 100 years or more.
According to alternate embodiments, the body 116 and the sleeve liner 120 can be formed from any suitable material, including recycled plastic, metal, fiberglass, composite resin etc.
The identification plate 108 is shown as a metal (e.g., brass) plate that is embedded in the body 116 during the fabrication process. Alternatively, the identification plate 108 can be mounted to the body after fabrication, or the reference number can be formed in the material of the body 116, either on the rim 104 or inside the upper aperture 121, during the casting process.
The post collar 112 includes a plurality of spacing ribs 198 distributed around a bottom surface thereof, which are shaped such that a portion of each of the spacing ribs 198 rests on an upper slightly outward sloped surface of the rim 104 of the post sleeve 102, with another portion extending into the upper aperture 121 of the post sleeve 102 between an inner surface of the post sleeve 102 and the post 110. In this way, the spacing ribs 198 serve to maintain a gap between the upper surface of the rim 104 and the lower surface of the post collar 112, providing ventilation while still allowing lateral support to the post by the post collar 112. The gaps between the spacing ribs 198 permit air to enter the post sleeve to assist in evaporation of moisture within the sleeve, but the post collar 112 is shaped to generally prevent water from entering the sleeve via the gaps between the spacing ribs 198. The spacing of the spacing ribs 198 is selected to prevent most insects from entering the post sleeve, including bees, hornets, and larger termites. The heating affect of the sun on the exposed concrete rim 104 creates a heat differential within the post sleeve 102 that generates convection within the cavity 111 to increase the airflow. Water that does enter the post sleeve 102 readily drains into the drainage gravel 130 via the flexible drain hose 114. Furthermore, as noted with reference to
According to an embodiment, the dimensions defined by the ribs 122 are slightly greater than the dimensions of a standard 4�4 post in order to accommodate a swollen or slightly bowed post. Alternatively or additionally, the material and thickness or shape of the innermost surfaces of the standoff ribs 122 of the sleeve liner 120 are selected to permit some resiliency to accommodate slight variations in size while adequately supporting the post.
The post sleeve assembly 100 helps to limit moisture damage to posts positioned therein in a number of ways. For example, water that strikes the post 110 runs down until it encounters the post collar 112, which diverts most of the water away from the post 110 and onto the upper surface of the rim 104 of the post sleeve 102. The water then flows down the sloped surface of the rim 104 and away from the post entirely. The limited amount of water that does enter the post sleeve 102 is generally channeled away from the post 110 by the drain channels 124 of the post sleeve liner 120 and runs to the bottom of the post sleeve 102, whence it exits via the flexible drain hose 114. Additionally, air circulation enabled by the gap under the post collar 112, and enhanced by convection and the normal flow of air around the post, further reduce the amount of moisture in the post sleeve 102.
The soffit 144 extends from an outer surface of the rim 104 to the lower portion of the body 116 of the post sleeve 102 at a substantial downward angle. When the post sleeve 102 is encapsulated in the concrete footing 132, as shown in
A poured-in-place concrete footing will typically have a psi rating in the range of 2,500 to 3,500 lbs. In contrast, concrete that is handled in a controlled manufacturing environment, with proper temperature control, vibration, mixing, and admixtures, such as the high strength material used to form the post sleeve 102, can easily reach a 5,000 to 9,000 psi rating, resulting in a hardened casing of extreme durability and life expectancy. The life expectancy of the relatively weaker poured-in-place concrete footing 132 is significantly increased by the post sleeve 102 because the substantially larger cross-sectional area of the post sleeve distributes and decreases the point load exerted under lateral loads by the narrower effective section of the post 110 itself.
Turning now to
According to an alternate embodiment, one or more apertures are provided from the exterior of the post sleeve 102, similar to the combined apertures 126, 128, and common fasteners, such as, for example, long deck screws, are driven into the post via the apertures, thereby securely anchoring the post to the post sleeve.
Uppermost is the 4�4 socket 150, configured to receive a standard 3��3� inch fence post (nominally 4�4). The four sides of the 4�4 post are supported laterally by the standoff ribs 122 to hold the post snugly in place. The bottom end of the post rests on the ledge, or step, indicated by the reference number 150. A 3� inch round post will also be accommodated in the 4�4 socket 150. Next is the 3 inch socket 152, configured to receive a standard 3 inch square post. The base of the post rests on the step indicated at reference number 152, and the four sides are supported by the side walls that extend upward from that step toward the 4�4 socket 150. The 2� inch socket 154 is configured to receive a 2� inch square post or a nominal 3 inch round post. The base of the post rests on the step indicated at reference number 154, and the four sides are supported by the side walls that extend upward from the step toward the 3 inch socket 152. Similarly, the (nominal) 2� inch round socket 156, (nominal) 2 inch round socket 158, and 1⅝ inch round socket 160 are positioned one beneath the next as shown in
The socket sizes shown are merely exemplary, and do not limit the scope of the invention. For example, according to an embodiment, the post sleeve is provided with common metric-sized sockets for use where metric-sized posts are standard. Furthermore, the post sleeve is not limited to square and round sockets, or even to the most common sizes. It may be beneficial in some applications to provide rectangular or polygonal sockets for particular applications.
In the embodiment of
The flexible drain hose 114 shown in
According to an embodiment, the lower aperture 115 sits directly on the gravel 130. Alternatively, a straight, rigid fitting is provided that extends directly down into the drainage gravel 130 below, which is advantageous where the footing is significantly longer than the post sleeve 102 to extend below a frost line. According to another embodiment, an elbow fitting 168, shown in
A notch 149 is provided in the sleeve liner 120 above the lower aperture 115 to receive a replaceable corrosion resistant mesh screen 146 to prevent debris from accumulating in the flexible drain hose 114 over the life of the post sleeve 102. While the spacing ribs 198 of the post collar 112 will prevent most debris from entering, some will inevitably enter. Additionally, as the post ages and eventually deteriorates, wood fragments may also drop to the bottom of the sleeve. The mesh screen 146 prevents most debris from entering the flexible drain hose 114 and blocking the drainage of the post sleeve 102. While it is true that such debris may also block the lower aperture 115 from above the mesh screen 146, it is anticipated that prior to installing a new post, the installer will vacuum out the bottom of the post sleeve 102 as necessary, to remove any such blockage. This is a much simpler operation than cleaning the area below the lower aperture, which would otherwise be necessary. In the embodiment of
Referring now to
Provided the post is adequately supported laterally, it is not required that the post extend the full depth of the sleeve. Accordingly, stops are provided at various depths within the post sleeve 102 to permit the post to be supported at less than the full depth of the sleeve. Stops are most clearly shown in the embodiment of
The first stops above the 4�4 socket 150 are the 13 inch stops 164, which are 13 inches below the upper surface of the rim 104. 13 inch stop plate 172 is provided, including a plurality of tabs 176 extending from the edges of the plate. When the 13 inch stop plate 172 is positioned in the post sleeve 102, the tabs extend into the drain channels 124, and engage the 13 inch stops as shown in
9 inch stops 166 are provided 9 inches below the upper surface of the rim 104. 9 inch stop plate is provided with tabs 176 arranged to engage the 9 inch stops 166, as shown in
Referring to
Assuming that a fence of six feet in height is desired, eight-foot posts would normally be used, and set at a depth of about 18 to 24 inches, depending on how much of the post is to extend above the fence. Accordingly, the eight-foot post 110 a, which is supported 19 inches below the rim 104 of the post sleeve assembly 100 a, extends about 79 inches above ground level G, which is sufficient to accommodate most fence heights by trimming any excess from the post. However, by positioning a post as shown with reference to post sleeve assembly 100 b, using a 13 inch stop plate 172 at the 13 inch stop, the post 110 b extends six inches further above ground level G. Bearing in mind that the post sleeve 102 is to be installed with the upper surface of the rim 104 at about two inches above ground level for proper drainage, the top of the seven-foot post 110 b is about 73 inches above ground level G, which will support a six-foot fence with one inch of clearance below. Accordingly, where an eight-foot post is normally required for a six-foot fence, a seven-foot post will serve if installed with a post sleeve and a 13 inch stop plate 172. Furthermore, by using the 9 inch stop plate 174 at the 9 inch stops 166, as shown with reference to post sleeve assembly 100 c, the seven-foot post 110 c extends an additional four inches above the post 110 b. Thus, a six-foot fence can be built using post sleeves configured as shown with reference to post sleeve assembly 100 b to support most of the posts, and the corner posts can be supported by post sleeves configured as shown with reference to post sleeve assembly 100 c to provide additional height for the post cap to be properly placed, all without cutting any of the posts.
Furthermore, any portion of the interior of a post sleeve that lies below the bottom of the post serves as a reservoir to hold water until it can percolate into the gravel or soil below the post sleeve assembly. Thus, another desirable benefit of using plates like stop plates 172 or 174 and the stops 164, 166 is that they create a larger drainage reservoir within the post sleeve 102 below the post and reduce the likelihood that standing water will contact the wicking end of the post. This is especially beneficial in climates with seasonal periods of high rain fall.
According to another embodiment, the drain channels 124 are tapered or stepped so that they are widest at the top of the post sleeve 102, and become narrower toward the bottom. Tabs on stop plates and other fittings have widths selected to engage the drain channels 124 at different heights. Thus, the position of a post within the sleeve is infinitely variable, according to the selected widths of the tabs of the stop plate employed.
Returning to
Plates 170, 172, 174, 180, 182, 184, 186, and 189 are provided as examples only, to show a variety of plates configured to support fence posts of different sizes and shapes at various levels within the post sleeve 102, and to properly orient and support the posts in the x, y, and z axes. It will be recognized that many different configurations of stop plates and support plates can be employed for use at the 19, 13, or 9 inch levels, or any other desired levels, depending on the particular application.
The various plates described above can be inexpensively manufactured in large quantities through a wide variety of processes, including, for example, stamping or blanking. Alternatively, where a small number of non-standard plates is required, and the limited quantity of a given configuration does not justify the expense of preparing stamping dies, the plates can be made from an efficiently machinable material such as UHMW polyethylene. For example, plates with the appropriate apertures, tabs, sockets, etc., for many applications can be machined from sheets of � inch UHMW polyethylene. One such plate is described later with reference to
As shown in
Returning again to
Where a post is fully supported laterally within the sleeve by the standoff ribs 122 or by a support plate, the post collar may serve merely to provide a finished appearance and shed water. The post collar may also be configured to provide a degree of resilience or weakness, depending on the desired functionality. For example, according to an embodiment, a plastic post collar is provided for use with parking lot signs, such as "Handicap Only" parking signs, installed with a 2� inch square tube. The collar is configured to repeatedly fail on impact by popping out of its aperture, only to be snapped in again with no damage, to save the post from—likely frequent—minor bumper impacts. In this way, with minor bumper impact, the plastic collar will pop out or break before the post itself bends or breaks, permitting the post to pivot on a 9 inch stop plate, for example, thereby saving the post and potentially the post collar.
Post collars are generally provided with spacing ribs 198 that hold the collars up off the angled top surface of the rim 104 and penetrate into the upper aperture 121 of the post sleeve 102, providing insect and debris resistant ventilation channels while also transmitting lateral load from the post to the internal face of the post sleeve 102. The spacing, thickness, and length of the spacing ribs 198 can be chosen to provide more or less lateral resistance to accommodate, for example, a breakaway model intended to protect a post.
Pressure tabs 199 are positioned so as to be engaged by the fastener 142 and transmit pressure from the fastener to the post to lock the post in position. Where the post collar is configured to support a post that is smaller than the 4�4 post size, an inner pressure tab 195 is provided, with extension ribs 197 or similar structures extending onto the inner pressure tab 195 to provide the necessary transition to be engaged by the fastener and to transmit the pressure to the post.
According to an alternate embodiment, the fastener is configured to engage the post directly. Where a smaller post is to be installed and direct contact with the post is desired, the standard fastener is removed, and a longer fastener is positioned in its place. The post is then installed in the post sleeve and the longer fastener is driven in to engage the post.
Sleeve cap 206 is configured to be positioned in the upper aperture 121 of the post sleeve 102 to close the upper aperture 121 during periods of non-use or between the time the post sleeve 102 is installed in the ground and a post is inserted. The sleeve cap 206 serves to prevent the introduction of rocks and debris into the post sleeve 102, and also to prevent injury to pedestrians or animals when not in use. Like the post collars, the sleeve cap can be constructed of any suitable material including, for example, steel, aluminum, and plastic.
In the embodiment of
It can be seen that the rim cover 190 provides a number of surfaces that can be used, for example, by the installation contractor to place a logo or contact information, or to identify the function of the post, as in the example pictured, or to provide a backup sign or an indication of the necessary replacement in the instance where the post becomes snapped off. Other examples of uses for the rim cover 190 are reflective address markings at the bases of posts supporting mail boxes for fire and rescue, reflective "Stop" with red plastic body color for "Stop Signs" and added visibility, "No Trespassing" warnings for property lines etc. Spacing ribs 191 provide clearance between the rim 104 and the rim cover 190 for the fasteners 196. The spacing ribs 198 extend to the aperture and line up with the spacing ribs 198 in the post collars to provide continuous air ventilation as described above.
The rim cover 190 comprises an aperture 192 in a position that corresponds to the position of the identification plate 108, such that when the rim cover 190 is coupled to the rim 104 of the post sleeve 102, the identification plate 108 is visible through the aperture 192. In those embodiments where the identification plate 108 is not employed, or where it is not required to be visible, an additional plate or cover can be snapped into the aperture 192.
The stops, stop plates, support plates, post collars, sleeve caps, and other elements described above with reference to
The inventor has recognized that a particular problem in the fencing industry is that fences are often built from scratch on site, meaning adjoining segments of a fence may not be identical, and that, even where prefabricated fence panels are employed, many will be modified or customized to fit specific spans and angles between posts. When a portion of a fence is damaged or knocked down, it is generally necessary for a fence contractor to bring to the site all the materials necessary to re-fabricate the damaged portions of the fence, and often to reproduce a complex pattern using materials and equipment on hand, or, alternatively, to come to the site a first time to take measurements and patterns, then fabricate replacement panels and return to the site to install them.
According to one embodiment, the identification plate 108, described above with reference to
In the event a repair is required, the property owner makes note of the identification numbers of the post sleeves that are involved and contacts a contractor—either the original contractor, whose contact information may be provided on the rim or rim cap of at least one of the post sleeves, as described above, or another qualified contractor—and provides the identification numbers and a description of the damage. The contractor then accesses the database, via a secure website, for example, and obtains the details and dimensions of the fence design, and, more importantly, the specific details of the fence panels associated with the identification numbers provided by the property owner. The contractor can then fabricate the replacement fence sections in a shop to replace the damaged sections, to the precise dimensions and pattern of the original, then transport the completed sections and install them at the site. The property owner may, alternatively, choose to order the replacement sections and install them herself, without the assistance of a contractor. Even though the fence dimensions will vary from one span to the next, the identifying numbers on the post sleeves will provide the exact location with the exact dimensions. This saves considerable time and expense, as well as reducing waste, because material optimization is much easier in a controlled shop environment than in the field. Because the information is maintained at a central database, it can be accessed by the contractor or property owner, even if the original contractor is no longer in business.
Similar systems are provided, according to other embodiments, to track the location and details of commercial signs, traffic signs, guard rails, etc. If, for example, a traffic sign is damaged or deteriorated, an inspector need only take note of the identifying number on the identification plate of the post sleeve in which the supporting post is mounted, and relay the number to the appropriate authority. The database will provide such details as the text and size of the sign, the height of the post, the materials of the sign and post, and even the replacement history of that particular sign. The replacement sign can be assembled according to the specifications, and installed.
According to an embodiment, the identification plate 108 includes a bar code number, which simplifies the capture of the identification number, and prevents transcription errors. The operator, when recording the pertinent information, scans the bar code with a portable scanner, and then enters the associated data.
According to another embodiment, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is provided, either as part of the identification plate 108, embedded in the body 116 of the post sleeve 102, or otherwise attached thereto. When an interrogation signal is transmitted from a nearby RFID reader, an antenna of the RFID tag collects power from the signal and activates a transmitter circuit that transmits the unique identification number of the respective post sleeve, which is received by the reader. As is well known in the RFID art, RFID tags can be extremely simple, providing only basic identification information, or can be more complex, comprising a non-volatile memory to store a significant amount of data, either in a read-only format or in a read-write format. Accordingly, in some embodiments, additional information that may be relevant to a particular application can be saved in the RFID tag of a post sleeve for later retrieval.
The term identification number is used broadly to refer to an identifying element that is unique to a single post sleeve and that distinguishes one post sleeve from other post sleeves. The identification number can be a string of letters, numbers, symbols, or a combination of elements. It can, for example, comprise a serial number applied to a post sleeve during fabrication, or a string of characters that includes additional information relative to the make or model of the post sleeve, or its date or place of manufacture.
Referring now to
As described above with reference to
Detents 169 are provided to assist in installation of the post sleeve 102. According to an embodiment, the detents 169 are engaged by an installation mechanism configured to support the post sleeve from an overhead structure, so as to permit the sleeve to hang plumb at the desired height in the hole 138 while an installer pours the concrete footing. In this way, the post sleeve can, if required, be provided with a concrete footing that extends some distance below the sleeve without requiring support from below while the concrete footing cures, and can be properly oriented and plumbed.
While the sleeve liner 120 has been described in combination with a prefabricated concrete sleeve body, the sleeve liner 120 can be cast in place in a concrete footing, in the field, without the prefabricated body. For example, where the extreme longevity and other advantages afforded by the high-strength prefabricated body are not considerations, it may be advantageous to omit the body, and instead to position the sleeve liner 120 and pour the footing around it. In another example, where a large surface is to be paved, with a number of sleeves provided to support posts, e.g., to support a guardrail along a concrete walkway, the sleeve liners can be set directly in the concrete during the pour of the walkway to provide a clean and unified appearance.
Also shown in
In many cases, it is not desirable to permit a wood post to directly contact the concrete of the post sleeve. Accordingly, where the post sleeve is cast without a separate sleeve liner, such as the embodiment of
Also shown in the embodiment of
According to a related embodiment, a reservoir is provided that is covered with gravel or sand before the footing is pouring, and a slow-flow membrane is provided to regulate the flow of water into the reservoir from outside the post sleeve 102. The slow-flow membrane 326 can be formed by providing a plurality of openings of a selected size in the reservoir, or can be a material with a selected porosity positioned over an open bottom of the reservoir.
Stops 414 are provided at various depths within the post sleeve 400 for engagement by plates 416. Each plate 416 is provided with tabs 176 positioned on two opposing edges of the plate so as to engage opposing stops 414 and bridge across the interior of the post sleeve 400. In the transverse dimension the plates 416 are narrower so as to fit through the aperture 410 and between the standoff ribs 122 at an angle, as shown in
According to an embodiment, stops 414 on one face of each section 404 are positioned some distance above the stops on the adjacent face. When the sections are assembled together, the stops 414 directly opposite each other are at the same depth, while those on the transverse faces are at a different depth. Thus, the plate 416 can be positioned at any of a number of different depths by selecting the orientation of the plate as it is introduced into the sleeve, then selecting the set of stops to engage on a given pair of opposing faces.
The sections 404 are joined as described with reference to the sleeve sections 118 of
The insert 420 includes an engagement element 424 having outer dimensions that correspond to the size of a 4�4 post, and therefore fits into the lower end of the sleeve 422. The engagement element 424 includes a substantially planar top surface 426 with a plurality of notches 428. The insert 420 is provided with an aperture 115 to permit water to drain via a drain hose, etc., while preventing direct contact of the post with concrete or the underlying soil. Additionally, a universal socket section 151 is provided, similar to that described with reference
A user positions the insert 420 in the lower end of the post sleeve section 422 and fixes the combined assembly in the ground according to the requirements of the particular application. Typically, the engagement element 424 engages the sleeve section 422 with an interference fit that is sufficient to hold the assembly together until it is emplaced, especially if it is to be fixed in a concrete footing. However, if necessary, the insert 420 can be fixed to the sleeve through the use of commercial adhesives, tape, or screws. When a post is positioned in the sleeve section 422, the bottom end of the post rests on the top surface 426, if it is a 4�4 post, or in the appropriate one of the sockets of the universal socket section 151, according to its dimensions. As with the post sleeves of other embodiments, water that enters the sleeve 422 is permitted to drain from the assembly, via the notches 428, gutters 161 of the universal socket section 151, and the aperture 115.
In addition to the advantages outlined above, a number of advantages are afforded in accordance with various embodiments. For example, post sleeves permit the temporary removal and replacement of posts. It is not uncommon for an individual to find it necessary to remove a section of a fence in order to move a vehicle or temporarily permit access to a normally enclosed area. Under such circumstances, where previously it might have been necessary to dig up two or three posts with their concrete footing, a user can simply pull the posts out of the sleeves and re-install them later.
Because of the protection from water damage provided by the post sleeves, the serviceable lifespan of wood posts is extended. Additionally, lower grades of wood, or more cheaply and environmentally friendly finished wood can be used without sacrificing durability.
Because of the stops and stop plates, shorter posts can be substituted for longer ones with no loss of structural strength. At the lumber mills, the shorter the length of the posts being cut the greater the yield from a given trunk, and the more economical. For example, due to the tapered shape of the trees from which most lumber is produced, there are increased efficiencies obtained if shorter lengths of material are cut therefrom. While eight-foot lengths are the most commonly used, mills inevitably produce shorter lengths, as well, either as leftover sections after a length has been cut into eight-foot pieces, or because, when setting out to produce eight-foot posts, many of the pieces generated will need to be trimmed back due to end defects. Thus, mills generally have a surplus of lumber shorter than eight feet in length, because standard methods of construction require the eight-foot lengths, making the shorter timbers less marketable. By employing post sleeves to anchor the fence posts, seven-foot lengths can be used, which, because of their availability and recovery, are less expensive per linear foot than eight-foot lengths and are more environmentally friendly. Furthermore, even if demand for seven-foot lengths of fence posts increases beyond the surplus currently available, the price will inherently remain lower because of the better yield of shorter posts from a given length of tree, as explained above. Due to the improved economy with respect to both yield and trim backs, mills can sell 7 foot material for substantially less per linear foot and produce it in a more environmentally friendly way than the 8 foot material.
Many of the advantages outlined above contribute to a significant reduction in overall environmental impact: the ability to use shorter posts for a given size means a higher yield per trunk and less scrap, which in turn means that fewer trunks need be cut to produce a given number of posts; the increased useful service life of a post means fewer replacement posts need be provided, further reducing consumption; protection of the post from water and most insects means that pressure treatment is no longer necessary, which reduces chemical pollution and also enables composting or recycling of the used posts, and which also potentially reduces the load on solid waste landfills currently necessary to dispose of pressure treated lumber; the permanent, long lasting post sleeve eliminates the need to dig up and dispose of old concrete footings, and the need to replace the concrete footing with new concrete; which means a long-term reduction in high energy consumption required to produce the cement of the replacement concrete; the compatibility of the post sleeve with a wide range of post configurations means that a change in function that requires a change in post height or size does not necessarily require a replacement of the concrete footing; and the tracking of application data associated with the identification numbers means that large fence sections can be manufactured to order in a shop or factory rather than on site, which results in fewer lifetime site visits, less overall fuel consumption, and less material waste, which further reduces the consumption of raw materials.
Embodiments of the invention are directed to devices configured to support posts, e.g., fence posts, sign posts, etc. Accordingly, many of the elements are described and claimed with reference to a post. For example, in describing the standoff ribs 122 of
When used in the specification or claims to refer to a post sleeve assembly or elements thereof, terms that refer to a relative vertical position, such as upper, lower, above, below, top, bottom, etc., are to be construed according to the normal orientation of the referenced element in use, i.e., with an associated post sleeve oriented to support a post vertically—see, for example, the post sleeve assembly 100 of
Ordinal numbers, e.g., first, second, third, etc., are used in the claims merely for the purpose of clearly distinguishing between claimed elements or features thereof. The use of such numbers does not suggest any other relationship, e.g., order of operation or relative position of such elements. Furthermore, ordinal numbers used in the claims have no specific correspondence to such numbers used in the specification to refer to elements of disclosed embodiments on which those claims may read.
The abstract of the present disclosure is provided as a brief outline of some of the principles of the invention according to one embodiment, and is not intended as a complete or definitive description of any embodiment thereof, nor should it be relied upon to define terms used in the specification or claims. The abstract does not limit the scope of the claims.
Individual elements of the various embodiments described above can be omitted or combined with elements of other embodiments to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
The Terriers beat Minnesota-Duluth, 3-2, on Saturday night to win the Northeast Regional and secure a berth in the Frozen Four a few miles from campus at Boston's TD Garden.
Providence College exploded for four goals in the second period – including two within 30 seconds – and then hung on for dear life for a nail-biting 7-5 win over Miami University in the NCAA East Regional at the Dunkin Donuts Center.
The Pioneers defeat the Eagles, 5-2, in an East Regional semifinal in Providence.
Pick up a copy of today's Taunton Sunday Gazette for an abundance of fliers offering hundreds of dollars in savings.
Check out today's front page. Updated daily after the print edition goes to press.
After winning a state title last year, Bridgewater-Raynham looks to repeat as champions this season.
These creative dishes will make spaghetti night the best night ever.
Three square meals vs. all-day snacking: Which is better?
A proposal to scrap the state's film tax credit could be a death knell for the industry in Massachusetts, local film professionals warn.
When Hollywood's silver screen productions came to the Silver City area, it generated excitement throughout the community. But those rare opportunities for major movies to be filmed in Taunton may be less likely with the...
Taunton Daily Gazette obituaries for Sunday, March 29, 2015.
SouthCoast Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(LONDON) -- Texan model Jerry Hall will strip on stage in front of her children when she makes her debut in the London stage version of ``The Graduate'' next month, a British newspaper said on Thursday.
Hall has asked James, 14, and Elizabeth, 15, to accompany their father and her ex-husband Mick Jagger and his father Joe to the first night, the Daily Mail reported.
``Not everyone would want their children and ex-father-in-law to see them naked, but she's an unusual woman,'' an insider at the Gielgud Theater told the Mail.
``I think she thinks the children are old enough to decide for themselves, and they want to come.''
But Hall, who is taking over the role of the middle-aged temptress Mrs Robinson from Hollywood star Kathleen Turner, has not invited her younger children -- eight-year-old Georgia and two-year-old son Gabriel.
Turner won rave reviews for the part, in which she bared all in a scene at the end of the first act.
Hall, reported to have fought off stiff competition from film stars Sharon Stone and Goldie Hawn to land the part, said of the nude scene: ``It is a bit daunting. But it's just a little strip scene.''
British actress Joan Collins, who shot to fame with scantily clad performances in ``The Stud'' and ``The Bitch'' in the 1970s, is reported to have turned down the Mrs Robinson role when Hall finishes her run because she did not want to shed her clothes.
The Sunday Express said the star of the soap opera ''Dynasty'' told producers that disrobing on stage was ``unseemly.''
Amia Miley Brazzers Contract
Epoch Club Special Event
Shade X from Smash
BBW Con 2015
UKAP Awards Site Live
Nikki Phoenix Radio Update
Ideal Image Supperclub Party
XBIZ 2016 Announced
The Interview XXX
Starfall to Exxxotica
Mercy West Available
Library Girl at Exxxotica
Karmen Karma Top Shelf
Payton Sin Claire on SDR
Angela Sommers in Houston
Prinzzess at Treasure Chest
Danica Dillon in Bath
Sin Claire with Foxxx
Adult's Achilles Heel
AHF's Hidden Agenda
New Smash VP Wyatt Case
Ink Inks OC, The Rub
National Porn Star Day
Pistol, Ross Talk Condoms
XXX Casting Call
Direct Reps Harper
AJ Applegate Available
Emma Marx: Boundaries ~ Reviewer Rated
Strippers Ready for Baseball
RAW Signs Sasha Bradshaw
Modern Comstockery
Nikki Phoenix Appearance
Deep Vision ThunderRama
Hackin Jack vs Chainsaw Chick
AINews: Skow Among Best
More Phoenix Mainstream
Red Cardinal Wraps Betrothed
Summer Lovers
Yoga for Lovers
Layla Price Stars
Maddy O'Reilly is Slutwoman
Powersville Re-Energized
XRCO Awards Nominations
Summer Brielle Elegant Angel
Damsels in Distress Released
Damsels in Distress Live
Madison Christmas Spectaculars
TSA Explosives Test on Ryder
Bailey Blue is The Animal
LFC/WalMart Deal
Free Vegas Weddings
Wedding Night Porn
Sunny Lane in Feature Movie
Capri Cavanni Releases
Ryder Completes Grease XXX
Love Boat XXX Song
Capri Cavanni in Love Boat XXX
Love Boat XXX Trailer
Love Boat XXX Parody
CineKink in Chicago
Screening - Risky Business
Hollywood Undead Video
A&E Announces Grease XXX Cast
New Alexis Golden DVD
Ryder Directs Grease XXX
Adult Film Industry Documentary Screening
Britney Amber NightMoves Nom
Dana Vespoli NightMoves Noms
Oz XXX Trailer Released
Lea Lexis in New Voracious
Berlusconi Sex Tape Sale
Grindhouse Premieres That's Sexploitation!
Wow! That Cock is Huge!
Gamelink, Elegant Exclusive
Sex in Venice
Angelina Castro Reality Series
Public Sex, Private Lives Premieres
Film News Section Index


text:
Originally written on Scout.com: Arizona | Last updated 3/30/12
ST. LOUIS - NOVEMBER 22: Head coach Ken Whisenhunt of the Arizona Cardinals calls a play against the St. Louis Rams at the Edward Jones Dome on November 22, 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals beat the Rams 21-13. (Photo by Dilip Vishwanat/Getty Images)
The offensive line has been a source of consternation for the Cardinals for most of Ken Whisenhunt's five seasons in Arizona. Will this season be any different?
Comments are closed.
What do you think?To leave a comment, you can:
NFL News
Delivered to your inbox
You'll also receive Yardbarker's daily Top 10, featuring the best sports stories from around the web. Customize your newsletter to get articles on your favorite sports and teams. And the best part? It's free!
Follow us on Twitter
|Best of Yardbarker
|NFL News
|MLB News
Today's Best Stuff
For Bloggers
Join the Yardbarker Network for more promotion, traffic, and money.
Company Info
What is Yardbarker?
Yardbarker is the largest network of sports blogs and pro athlete blogs on the web. This site is the hub of the Yardbarker Network, where our editors and algorithms curate the best sports content from our network and beyond.
|© 2015 Yardbarker, Inc. All rights reserved. Use of this website (including any and all parts and components) constitutes your acceptance of these Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. (What's New?)


text:
On Fox News' Your World, Neil Cavuto reported on Sen. John McCain's rejection of Rev. John Hagee's endorsement, but he didn't note Hagee's remarks about Adolf Hitler and Zionism or that McCain admitted he sought Hagee's endorsement.
A South Florida Sun-Sentinel article quoted Sid Dinerstein, chairman of the Palm Beach County Republican Party, saying, "This is a terrible thing," and adding, "I wish Obama would not pretend to care about the Jewish community." At no point did the article quote the Obama campaign or anyone besides Dinerstein on the issue of Obama's commitment to the Jewish community.
Michael Savage stated that Rev. Rod Parsley, whom Sen. John McCain has reportedly referred to as "a spiritual guide," has made "some inflammatory statements of which I agree with 100 percent." Savage then played clips in which Parsley stated that "America was founded, in part, with the intention of seeing this false religion [Islam] destroyed" and that supporters of same-sex marriage "are seeking to redefine marriage. In other words, they are intending to pervert God's original intention."
While discussing John Hagee's apology for his controversial remarks concerning the Catholic Church, MSNBC's Contessa Brewer stated that Sen. John McCain "has pointed out" that Hagee was not his personal pastor for 20 years, "and says, 'Look, I'm not going to repudiate the endorsement of this man. I don't like the comments that he made, but I'll take his endorsement if he wants to give it.' " However, Brewer did not mention that McCain has admitted that he sought Hagee's endorsement.
The Drudge Report ran the headline "West Virginia country folk keep distance from Obama: 'I heard he's a Muslim ...' " in linking to a Financial Times article. The article quoted a West Virginia resident stating, "I heard Obama is a Muslim and his wife's an atheist." But Obama is, in fact, not a Muslim. While the article characterized the rumors of Obama's religion as "unfounded," it did so 12 paragraphs after quoting the "I heard he's a Muslim" assertion and did not report that the Obamas are both Christians.
In addition to a May 7 Washington Times article previously identified by Media Matters, May 6 reports in the Los Angeles Times and on washingtonpost.com and The Baltimore Sun's website quoted an Indiana man saying that Sen. Barack Obama is "a Muslim" without noting that the assertion was false.
A Washington Times article uncritically quoted an Indiana man saying of Sen. Barack Obama, "I can't stand him. ... He's a Muslim. He's not even pro-American as far as I'm concerned." By contrast, after quoting the same man in its own article, the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that "Obama has never been a Muslim, but bogus e-mails accuse him of being a Muslim who put his hand on a copy of the Quran to be sworn into the U.S. Senate and refusing to say the Pledge of Allegiance."
Discussing Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the White House, CNN's Wolf Blitzer stated that President Bush's comment that the United States is "among the most religious" countries in the world "sounded almost like a veiled rebuke of the controversial words that Barack Obama made." Ed Gillespie, counselor to the president, responded: "I think you're reading way too much into it," adding later, "[I]t's not a veiled anything."
Discussing "the Catholic vote" on Hardball, Chris Matthews said: "It isn't like a vote like, for example, if you're a Jewish voter probably you care about Israel, that's a safe bet. You have one key concern. ... But clearly, if you're African-American, you care about civil rights. You care about certain programs of the federal government. That's a generalization, but probably true."
MSNBC's Joe Scarborough falsely claimed that Sen. Barack Obama said of Americans with religious beliefs: "Your faith, the faith of your fathers, the faith of your grandfathers, the faith of your grandmothers -- it's just a crutch. It's just a crutch. You only believe that because you're bitter, because you're poor, because you didn't go to college, because you're working class." In fact, Obama said that "in a lot of these communities in big industrial states like Ohio and Pennsylvania," people are "beaten down" and "feel ... betrayed by government," and "it's not surprising then they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion."
MSNBC's Keith Olbermann named Pat Robertson the "winner" of his nightly "Worst Person in the World" segment for stating: "I want to say it again, and again, and again: Islam is not a religion, it's a political system meant on -- bent on world domination, not a religion. It masquerades as a religion, but the religion covers a worldwide attempt to exercise power and to subjugate the world into their way of thinking."
On The 700 Club, Pat Robertson said of Islam: "I want to say it again, and again, and again: Islam is not a religion, it is a political system meant on -- bent on world domination, not a religion. It masquerades as a religion, but the religion covers a worldwide attempt to exercise power and to subjugate the world to their way of thinking."
On The Situation Room, Jeanne Moos conducted a "quiz" of people on the street and asserted that Sen. Hillary Clinton "got the answer right when 60 Minutes asked, you don't believe Barack Obama is a Muslim?" But Moos went on to misrepresent Clinton's response by broadcasting only a portion of Clinton's answers on 60 Minutes.


text:
AMD News Archives
Radeon & AMDGPU DRM Fixes Queue Up For Linux 4.2
While the Linux 4.2 kernel merge window isn't yet over, AMD developers already have amassed a collection of fixes for the Radeon and AMDGPU DRM drivers following the big DRM pull.
1 July 2015 - AMD Linux Fixes
I Gave Up Waiting On The Water-Cooled Radeon R9 Fury X
One week after the Radeon R9 Fury X launched at $649 USD with an integrated water-cooling solution, the graphics card remains in short supply and it's not clear when exactly this graphics card will better saturate retail channels. At this point, I've shifted my focused to the air-cooled AMD Radeon R9 Fury graphics card that will ship in two weeks and be air-cooled while costing $100 less.
30 June 2015 - Radeon R9 Fury Fiji GPU
Latest Rumor Pegs Microsoft Wanting To Buy AMD
Following the recent report that AMD is exploring splitting itself up or potentially selling off business units, there's now a rumor out there that Microsoft has set its sights on AMD.
29 June 2015 - Run For The Hills
It Could Be A While Before Seeing The AMD R9 Fury X Readily Available
This week AMD launched the Radeon R9 Fury X at $649 for this "Fiji" GPU with High Bandwidth Memory that's liquid cooled. The Fury X is AMD's strongest competition to NVIDIA in years, but sadly this high-end graphics card appears to be in very short supply.
27 June 2015 - AMD Fiji HBM GPU
RadeonSI Gallium3D Gets New OpenGL 4 Bits
David Airlie landed some of the OpenGL 4.x code he's been playing with for AMD's RadeonSI Gallium3D driver on the HD 7000 series GPUs and newer.
27 June 2015 - RadeonSI GL4
ARM Posts Pictures Of AMD's New Development Board
AMD's new 64-bit ARM Opteron quad-core development board coming out later this year at an "affordable" price has us quite excited since it was announced earlier this week at the Red Hat Summit. ARM has now revealed the first pictures of this board.
26 June 2015 - ARM 96Boards EE Opteron ARM
AMD Is Working On A Low-Cost, ARM 64-bit Opteron Development Board
Some AMD news this week that got me even more excited than the Radeon R9 Fury X launch is word that they are developing a low-cost ARM development board for release later this year. This affordable development board will feature a quad-core AMD Opteron A1100 Series processor.
25 June 2015 - 96Boards
AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Launches Today, Initial Results A Bit Of A Let Down
After being announced earlier this month and the Radeon Rx 300 series launching last week, the $649+ R9 Fury X water-cooled graphics card launches today. With the launch comes a whole bunch of (Windows) reviews too.
24 June 2015 - Radeon R9 Fury X
AMD Reportedly Looking At Breaking Itself Up Or Other Options
According to an exclusive report by Reuters, AMD is reportedly looking at splitting itself up or spinning off one of its business units.
19 June 2015 - AMD Split
AMD To Talk About Vulkan-DirectX 12 Similarities At GDC Europe
AMD will be talking about Vulkan and DirectX 12 -- and what they have in common as next-gen graphics APIs -- during GDC Europe in Cologne, Germany.
19 June 2015 - GDC Europe
Updated Plans For Adding SPIR-V Support To LLVM
SPIR-V, the heart of OpenCL 2.1+ and The Khronos Group's forthcoming Vulkan specification, is a step closer to being worked on within the LLVM compiler stack.
17 June 2015 - SPIR-V LLVM Vulkan
AMD Will Be Working On Open-Source Fiji GPU Support In The AMDGPU Linux Driver
While the new AMDGPU kernel DRM driver is being added to the Linux 4.2 kernel as the next-gen driver for supporting Tonga, Carrizo, and all other new AMD graphics hardware, the 4.2 version will not support AMD's newly-announced Fiji GPUs.
17 June 2015 - AMDGPU Fiji
SUSE Continues Working On AMD HSA Support In GCC
SUSE in cooperation with AMD continues working on the HSA (Heterogeneous System Architecture) support inside the GCC compiler stack.
17 June 2015 - AMD HSA GCC Support
Next AMD Catalyst Linux Update Appears To Have OpenGL 4.5
While OpenGL 4.5 has been out since last August, it appears the next AMD Catalyst driver update will finally bring official support for OpenGL 4.5.
16 June 2015 - OpenGL 4.5 Catalyst
AMD Announces The Rx 300 Series, Fiji-Based Fury X, R9 Nano, Project Quantum
AMD announced their Radeon Rx 300 series line-up just now via an event in Los Angeles that was live-streamed on Twitch.
16 June 2015 - AMD 300 Series Launch
New AMDGPU Driver Gets More Fixes Ahead Of Its Linux 4.2 Introduction
With the Linux 4.2 kernel that's soon to enter development, it's adding the new "AMDGPU" DRM driver as needed to support AMD's R9 285 Tonga along with Carrizo APUs and Radeon Rx 300 series graphics cards.
11 June 2015 - AMDGPU Fixes
Preview Numbers Of The Radeon R7 With AMD's Godavari A10-7870K
Yesterday I began publishing Linux benchmarks of the AMD A10-7870K APU since picking the "Godavari" APU up earlier this week for adding to the LinuxBenchmarking.com lab. Yesterday's tests focused on the CPU performance while today and in the days ahead will begin sharing the Radeon R7 graphics results as they roll-in.
11 June 2015 - Radeon R7 Graphics
AMD "KERNCZ" Chipset Support Is Being Worked On For Linux
AMD KERNCZ is a new generation name for an AMD chipset / FCH (Fusion Controller Hub).
7 June 2015 - AMD KERNCZ
AMDGPU Driver Called For Pulling Into DRM-Next For Linux 4.2 Kernel
While it should come as no surprise, Alex Deucher of AMD tonight submitted the AMDGPU kernel driver code for pulling into DRM-Next so that it can land for the Linux 4.2 kernel merge window.
3 June 2015 - AMDGPU Kernel Blob
AMD's Carrizo Launches: New Laptops In The Weeks Ahead
AMD launched Carrizo today from Computex Taipei and with the rollout they've unveiled the rest of the details on the new A-Series APU design.
3 June 2015 - AMD Carrizo
Latest Linux News
Latest Articles & Reviews
Most Viewed News This Week


text:
By clicking the "Submit" button, you agree to Avvo's Terms of Use. Please see our Community Guidelines and Privacy Policy for information on posting to Avvo and how we collect, use, and share information you provide to us.
Attorney At Law38971 Highway 79Warner Springs, CA 92086
Licensed for 39 years
Go back to Clark's profile.


text:
on 25.09.2012
email@example.com: "Hello, just to congratulate you on the quality of your services."
on 18.03.2013
firstname.lastname@example.com: "Very efficient, always keeping the customer posted every step of the way, very impressed! Yours John"
on 28.08.2013
Irene from the UK: "Very clear website, very easy to understand and easy to find information"
This item is due in on the date shown above and can then be sent with immediate effect.
Rode VideoMic Essential Pack Bundle, Microphone set includes: Rode VideoMic - shotgun camcorder condenser microphone, Rode Deadccat - windscreen, Rode Micro Boompole - extends to 2063mm, Rode VC1 - 3.5mm stereo jack extension cable. Cable length: 3mtrs.
Create your bundle that suits your needs and save on the total price.
This item is in stock and can be dispatched immediately.
I've been using this bundle for few commercial productions now, and I've been delighted about the quality of Rode's VideoMic. Last thing I used this bundle was a guerilla-style commercial production of local community. There was no point at using "professional" equipment due light budjet and fast pace of work, so we just used VideoMic to record basically everything straight into our DSLR. Of course theres quite a lot of noise because of the automatic gain of the DSLR to remove, but I am still quite satisfied.New VideoMic shockmount is also better than the old version was. It reduces much more handling noise than the old one.Good production bundle for light productions.
Do you believe this rating to be inaccurate or unacceptable for some reason?
Note: To prevent ratings from being based on hearsay, smattering or surreptitious advertising we only allow ratings from real users on our website, who have bought the equipment from us.
After logging in you will also find all items you can rate under rate products in the customer centre.
to prevent ratings on our website from being based on hearsay, smattering or surreptitious advertising we only allow ratings of real users who have bought the equipment from us. In your customer center you will find all items you can rate under "rate products".
Tip: Turn on the interactive glossary function to automatically display explanations of technical terms.
Payment can be made safely and securely with Credit Card, Bank Transfer, PayPal or Amazon Payments.


text:
Printable View
He's also dismissed both the Vitor and Henderson wins as losses to cheaters who were cheating, because of TRT, and the only other loss I can think of was a pretty close one to Rashad, and of course that was one Pip felt he won as well.
I'm not going to bother to look him up, but wouldn't that make him undefeated in his own mind?
Is Bisping a jerk? Yes. Is Bisping more popular than both Kennedy and this apparel brand? Yes.
Meanwhile six months ago he was saying how insignificant of an opponent Kennedy was and not worth his time. Now he think a win over him should lead to a title shot.Quote:
Bisping: I deserve title shot with good win over Kennedy
Does beating Kennedy warrant a title shot? Not really. But if the UFC wants Michael in the title picture, I would think he would get put there with a win over a top 10 guy. Michael keeps getting close and then losing. So if he beats Kennedy, it shouldn't warrant a title shot, but he may just get it.


text:
- Abercrombie Lincoln
- Absaraka Lincoln
- Adams Lincoln
- Agate Lincoln
- Alamo Lincoln
- Alexander Lincoln
- Almont Lincoln
- Alsen Lincoln
- Ambrose Lincoln
- Amenia Lincoln
- Amidon Lincoln
- Anamoose Lincoln
- Aneta Lincoln
- Antler Lincoln
We show you what others paid so you have the confidence that you are getting a fair price from TrueCar Certified Dealers.
TrueCar Certified Dealers present pricing information upfront, eliminating hidden surprises.
Get the TrueCar App and head to your Certified Dealers to buy your new car hassle-free.
Are you sure you want to remove the vehicle you're currently viewing??
Your Certified Dealers may continue to contact you, but you will no longer have access to your Guaranteed Savings Certificates.


text:
- 1 Standard Arena
- 2 Frost Moon
- 3 Pumpkin Moon
- 4 Eye of Cthulhu
- 5 Eater of Worlds
- 6 Skeletron
- 7 Goblin Army
- 8 King Slime
- 9 Wall of Flesh
- 10 The Destroyer
- 11 The Twins
- 12 Skeletron Prime
- 13 Golem
- 14 Plantera
- 15 Lesser Enemies
- 16 Notes
An Arena is generally a large enclosed area where the player can face a challenge in an environment they can control. It is generally designed to keep most enemies out while focusing on a Boss or other significant challenge. Each arena can be different for each boss, some consisting of a very long line with wall at the end or more complex ones with ledges, traps and statues. players should keep the arena about a screens height off the ground so there won't be any unwanted Wyvern fights during a bigger fight.
Standard Arena[edit | edit source]
A thing every player should have is an arena suitable for summonable Bosses which can be modified to fight a specific boss. This section will guide you through the steps.
- Location. You will want to build your arena away from your House so the boss cannot hurt your NPCs and preferably on ground as it is better suited for the Frost Moon, Pumpkin Moon and the Goblin Army.
- Main Structure. You want the arena to be at least the size of your screen (The bigger the better). Once you have decided the size use whatever block you'd like to make a big box shape, then make a small box on the top, left wall, right wall, and floor.
- Mechanisms and miscellaneous. In the boxes you made earlier put a heart statue in as many as possible hooked up to a 5 Second Timer and also a campfire on also put doors on the side of the boxes and a few Platforms in front of each door and last create bridges of Slime Blocks with platforms in them which let a player go to a higher layer or go down a layer.
Frost Moon[edit | edit source]
Okay, the old version of this guide here really sucks, so I am here, to give you an arena design that can get you to close to or at the final wave. I will write about my favorite. (Based on Yrimir's Design.)
- Armor: Spectre Armor (With Mask)
- Weapons: Mythical Blizzard Staff and a Demonic Nimbus Rod (Godly Bat Scepter is optional)
- Accessories: (All reforged to Lucky for Max DPS.) Sorcerer Emblem, Celestial Emblem, Destroyer Emblem, Star Veil, and Celestial Cuffs. (Star Veil can be switched out for a Avenger Emblem)
- Buffs: Ironskin, Lifeforce, Magic Power, Regeneration, Mana Regeneration, Thorns, Wrath, Endurance (Buff), Clairvoyance, Night Owl (Optional) Shine (Optional) and Hunter (Optional)
Arena: Now that you have the proper gear listed above, you must build your arena. The basic design of this arena is that you build a platform about 32 blocks above the ground, where a 15 block-wide strip is where monsters will spawn. Have the rest of the area one the it be lava, for monsters cannot spawn there if it is thick enough. Then, you want to wire 3 Flame Traps to separate timers so there is one Flame Trap is active at a time.
The Fight: You are now prepared for the fight, but you need to know how to fight. You only have 9 minutes to get to the final wave, so you are NOT going to mess around. The first five or so waves will take about 3 seconds to go through. You want to begin the fight the second it turns night. (Can be easily accomplished just by Spamming the Naughty Present until it starts.) When the fight starts, all the enemies will spawn on the 15 block-wide strip of land, so you can just let your Blizzard Staff rain down on the enemies while you have the flame traps going and your Nimbus Rod raining rain. When there is a Ice Queen, you can either keep your mouse slightly ahead of her, or use the Bat Scepter for the homing projectiles. Also, while you are fighting, you want to sometimes dip down for mana. Using Mana Potions is a BIG, FAT NO-NO!!!!, as that lowers your DPS. With all the items listed here, your Blizzard Staff should do around 250 damage per icicle.
Pumpkin Moon[edit | edit source]
For this event, create a flat base plate. Then, put fences all over the plate with torches attached to them. Remove all trees during this. Next, build a wooden beam going up about 10 blocks tall and one block wide. At the top, make a 4-8 brick wide Platform. At the top, place Spiky Ball Traps and Spear Traps jutting out over the floor. Place a Campfire in the center for health regeneration, and make sure the ground is flat. Using Heart Lanterns and honey can help to increase this effect. Make sure the honey is at least one block high, so standing in it causes your health to regenerate (Note that Battle Potions/Calming Potions won't affect enemy spawn rate, but standing in honey does). Now, dig a hole about 15 blocks wide and 10 blocks deep. Line the walls with Flame Traps and Super Dart Traps. Use 1 or 2 Lava Buckets on the bottom of the pit, but make sure the lava is not too deep, or the lava will destroy the items dropped. Connect all of the traps to a Timer with Wires. Dig another hole one block deep and 20 blocks wide directly beneath the traps and pour 3 lava buckets into each. Again, make sure the lava is not too deep. For those of you who have a problem with dying, you can make a bunker beneath your arena. Dig a hole beneath your pit about 5 blocks deep and 10 blocks wide. Make sure the house is suitable for someone to move into. Place 3 Heart Statues near a Bed. Connect the heart statues to a different timer. make a one-block deep and three-block wide pool of honey on the other side of the statues. Buy 2 Teleporters from the Steampunker and leave one next to your Campfire in the arena, and one in the arena to the left of your honey. Connect them with wires that are a different color than the rest. Make a Nurse move in to your bunker to heal you when you die. The traps and lava will damage the enemies on the surface, and the pit will damage the enemies that survive the surface. You will have to deal with the Pumpking on your own, I recommend using Vampire Knives, Turtle Armor, and Wings.
Eye of Cthulhu[edit | edit source]
A highly recommended project for players who are about to summon their first boss. An arena for the Eye of Cthulhu should be large enough to dodge and maneuver around in, but small enough to seal off any enemies from wandering in and making the fight more difficult. A recommended size is just about the width of the screen.
Adding in a roof is also recommended to protect from airborne enemies and to keep retrievable ammunition from flying too far away.Making several wooden platforms can make dodging simpler. As the fight will be at night, add torches to help visibility, including several in the ground underneath the arena.
Some players may choose to abolish the roof, and keep the Arena open to the sky. The reason being that there is a chance (however small) that Fallen Stars will hit the eye and deal 999 damage. This can make the fight far easier, killing the eye instantly.
Another arena is simply a long bridge of solid blocks like Dirt Blocks, with Torches and a Campfire for visibility and increased life regeneration (respectively). You can see and evade the Eye of Cthulhu with some ease. A Broadsword is recommended for dealing with the Servants of Cthulhu, as well as a ranged weapon for the Eye itself, for example, a Bow or a magic weapon such as a Sapphire Staff. This is mainly used as a low cost arena for early (and somewhat skilled) players, and can later be remade into a sky bridge.
Eater of Worlds[edit | edit source]
Location is important for an arena of this sort. Specifically, the player must be in The Corruption to summon the Eater of Worlds, and moving too far away from The Corruption during the battle will cause it to flee. If there is corruption close to your base, then using it is recommended. Otherwise, artificial corruption using Corrupt Seeds and/or Ebonstone is necessary. An area of just corrupted dirt will work sufficiently to summon the Eater of Worlds.
The Eater of Worlds is, of course, a burrower, and will usually be off screen and underground for much of the fight. A properly constructed arena can remove much of that advantage. Make the arena fairly tall, thin, and easily climbable with many wooden platforms. That way, you can not only see it coming, but this will force it to climb in a relatively straight line, leaving large portions of its body exposed, and vulnerable to piercing ammunition.
The above setup assumes you are using Worm Food to summon the Eater on the surface. If you are breaking Shadow Orbs, hollowing out an entire arena every third orb or escaping to a surface arena may not be practical; you should still modify the terrain around you to have a clear path of escape from the chamber where the Orb is located and ideally, easy access to a cleared space with good horizontal clearance and any hazardous terrain smoothed out or boarded over. Alternatively, if you have found a Magic Mirror, you can build a small bedroom at the top of your arena. Set it as your spawn point before descending into the chasms, then you can use the Mirror to return to the arena to fight after breaking every third Orb.
Skeletron[edit | edit source]
The entrance area to most dungeons can often be modified into a more desirable arena if needed. Most important is that you have room to dodge the hands, as well as enough vertical space to avoid getting trapped when Skeletron's head begins to spin. Walling the area off might also help exclude any minor enemies from joining the fight.
Ensuring the floor is nice and flat will also allow plenty of time to take advantage of the Skeletron's spinning attack, as its defense is set to 0 while using that attack. It may also be a good idea to bring along any Spiky Balls to set on the floor, if you have any from fighting the Goblin Army. When Skeletron begins his rolling attack, he'll roll right over them and take the full brunt of their damage. Also they will be useful for killing his hands just leaving his head.
Goblin Army[edit | edit source]
Location is important for this arena as well. The goblins will naturally target your initial spawn, that is, the center surface of the map. So no matter what you actually have there, that's the general area where you will encounter goblins when they arrive. You may as well prepare a proper greeting for them.
Make sure there are no NPCs in this area, as they will be attacked and possibly killed during the fight. Goblin Sorcerers' attacks go through walls and they can teleport indiscriminately, so the only defense is to make sure that your NPCs are not nearby.
Flatten out an area and make sure that there are no pits or jumps. Walls are not necessary, as during an invasion the newly spawned monsters are the target rather than a distraction. Make certain that any platforms or areas can be easily and quickly reached from anywhere else on the screen, since most players will be looking to quickly close in on casters with their melee weapons.
Another way you can kill the goblin army is to set up a flat arena in your spawn point, and set up staircase walls on either side. When the goblins start to come, fire a Water Bolt at both sides, ad they will continue to bounce back and forth, killing goblins.
King Slime[edit | edit source]
Though this boss is particularly easy, and an arena probably isn't necessary, it's possible to exploit this creature's unwieldy size and movement pattern to create an area where it is impossible for the player to take damage during the fight. Create several "foxholes" poking up to the surface, large enough for the player to jump (and shoot) through but too small for the boss to travel in. Then connect them all with a tunnel.
Or you can build a 8 tall satellite with an open bottom and 4 layers of platforms and rapidly fire at it while the extra layers catch the extra Blue Slimes.
If you can manage to trap the King Slime it is possible to defeat it extremely early in the game with a Copper Pickaxe, if you have enough time to go to the outer thirds of the map, though it takes an extraordinary amount of time.
Wall of Flesh[edit | edit source]
The Wall of Flesh, more than probably any other boss, benefits from having an arena prepared before engaging. Even experienced players wishing for a quick fight should ensure that the path behind them is clear before summoning it. A full arena can speed up farming this boss, which can provide the player with several weapons and accessories that are valuable even late in the game.
The simplest arena is a long bridge of about 750 blocks with some space above it for the player to maneuver. Placing the player out of danger from falling into lava and ensuring that they can keep a steady pace of progression allows the fight to go quickly and smoothly. Players may also wish to place lights along the bridge, or place markers along the bridge at points where they've killed the WoF in the past.
Note that Underworld map generation tends to place Ruined Buildings towards the middle third of the map, leaving the eastern and western wings empty aside from Ash, Lava, Hellstone, and plenty of enemies. Lava topography also tends to level out at either end of the screen within a ten-block height variance.
The Wall of Flesh begins its attack from whichever side of the Underworld's map edge you're closest to. This allows you to control its direction of approach. The minimap on the right side of the screen can interfere with visibility on the Wall of Flesh at times. Fighting west-to-east may be easiest, though once you are familiar with the mechanics the direction won't make a large difference. Fight in the direction you're most comfortable running.
Given all the above, an optimal Arena can be made by creating a long Ash bridge starting from one side of the screen and running long and flat for a distance of 500 to 1000 blocks, depending on your damage output. Going from the edge of the map to the first Ruined Building you see will give you a sufficient platform, but on a Large map that may be a punitive amount of construction work for the player. Wooden Platforms are not useful in this fight as the Wall of Flesh will constantly orient to the Player's position
Clear any Ash up to three blocks above your bridge (standing overhead swing height) so you have room to jump occasional lasers. Level any Ash hills in your way and drain lava appropriately. It is very difficult to run out of Ash - Players should feel comfortable using explosives to create retention pools and drainage channels.
Killing the Wall of Flesh will generate a bricked-in treasure box above your bridge. The bricks can serve as kill-markers, but they may also interfere with jumping if your next fight runs close to that spot. The bricks can be mined for your collection to keep a clear Arena.
A way to quickly take out much of the wall's health is to travel to the very edge of the map in The Underworld and place some explosives where the wall will spawn. Wire them up to a lever (from a safe distance!). When you throw the Guide Voodoo Doll into the lava, wait for the wall to be directly on the explosives until you pull the lever. This will deal roughly 250 damage per explosive.
The Destroyer[edit | edit source]
Your Eater of Worlds arena should also serve as an arena for fighting The Destroyer (However, moving the walls and ceiling in may protect you from of The Destroyer's lasers). The same types of visibility and movement are needed for both fights. The Destroyer does not need corruption present to be summoned.
Alternatively, you could start by building around 250 feet into the air. Create a large rectangular box at the top. Destroy the tower you built and replace it with Rope. The rectangular box should be around 5 blocks high, and 20 blocks wide.have 15 of the blocks on the left side made out of platforms, and the rest made out of solid blocks. Pour honey into the solid blocks. This area will protect you from The Destroyer's lasers and give you some regeneration. You can also place Campfires or Heart Lanterns to increase this effect. Once this is all done, the fight should be relatively easy. Using a Nimbus Rod and Golden Shower will prove to very useful, even though The Destroyer is immune to the effects of Cchor. If you did not build the arena high enough, and The Destroyer can dig its way into it, increase the height because not being able to be hit by The Destroyer's direct attacks is essential to an easy win. All you will have to do during the fight is make sure there is always nimbus clouds, fight off Probes, and fire your Golden Shower.
Or, just stand in the middle of your Eye of Cthulhu arena, with a cobalt, obsidian, or Ankh shield equipped, and repeatedly hit in one direction with the mushroom spear, and if you start losing health, fly around until you have it back.
The Twins[edit | edit source]
Before fighting the twins it might be a good idea to build a lot of platforms and make it easy to move around. When you're fighting the Twins focus on killing Spazmatism first. His attacks deal a high amount of damage, and they inflict the Cursed Inferno debuff. Also Focus on killing one eye and then the other. Having both eyes on their second phase can make the fight a lot more difficult. Another way to take them down is to build a straight bridge across the sky. Agility and speed are key ingredients to this. Using crystal bullets with the Uzi or Megashark will prove to be very effective. To increase this effect, using the Golden Shower along with this will increase the damage, as The Twins are not immune to the effects of Ichor.
Skeletron Prime[edit | edit source]
Building an arena for fighting Skeletron Prime can be a little tricky. Simply using Gravity Potions and fighting in the sky may be more effective. A long bridge may also work. (Use the arena for the twins if you have one) The explosive only detonates on solid blocks so use some wood platforms as well
Golem[edit | edit source]
An effective arena for the Golem would be to square out and level the room that the Lihzahrd Altar is in and use wings to fly around and dodge his attacks (mainly magic and ranged users). While exploring the Lihzahrd Dungeon, you can gather all the traps. Construct vertical pillars out of traps large enough for Golem but high enough for it to not get out on both sides of the altar. Finally line the ceiling with Spiky Ball Traps. After summoning Golem, leave the enclosure and repeatedly activate traps to help fighting Golem (Be careful for the spiky ball traps, as they still hurt you) Also, using weapons such as the Death Sickle or the Mushroom Spear are useful, as if you make a walled-in arena, you can hit it through the walls (The Staff of the Frost Hydra could also be used).
Alternatively, simply destroying all traps in the area and using a Golden Shower or Vampire Knives will work, essentially assuring that you will not pass beneath 400 health. Agility is a main ingredient in using this strategy. Also, if you have it, USE THE MAGNET SPHERE! Go to one side of the Golem and fire towards the other, and you will deal about 400 damage per sphere.
Plantera[edit | edit source]
Build a long hallway, preferably about six blocks high and 100-200 blocks wide, with teleporters at each end of the hallway. When you spawn Plantera, have it go through the hallway, and run to the edge of the hallway to one of the teleporters. When Plantera charges after you teleport to the other end of the hallway and shoot down the hallway, with some sort of non-arced, high velocity weapon, such as the Megashark with either cursed, or crystal bullets. Adamantite, Titanium, or Hallowed armor is suggested for this fight, with no preferred accessories. Repeat this process until Plantera has been defeated. Also you can get a fire gauntlet for extra combat as an attachment item.
Lesser Enemies[edit | edit source]
Meteor Heads[edit | edit source]
Farming Meteor Heads can provide large amounts of coins. An "artificial" meteor biome can be created by placing exactly 50 meteorite in close proximity to each other. This can be done inside under controlled circumstances to farm these creatures. To deactivate the meteorite, removing only one piece is required. This method is not incredibly efficient as the Meteor Heads move very slowly.
Fire Imp[edit | edit source]
Fire Imps teleport quickly and shoot fireballs that pass through walls. When they are hit once they stop firing and pause at their present location for a number of seconds, leaving them vulnerable. Creating a long horizontal enclosed tunnel about 4 tiles high, with a good deal of empty space above and below, will assure that the Fire Imp will usually spawn within reach of the Vilethorn, which can attack through walls. The Vilethorn will take some time to kill the Imps due to their high defense. You can opt to use the Vilethorn just to stop the Imps from attacking, then wait for them to teleport within your tunnel (which will usually happen on the second or third teleport,) so you can hit them with the Thorn Chakram which will kill them very quickly.
Demon[edit | edit source]
Demons can be farmed in a similar way to Fire Imps, though it is important to remember that the Demon's projectiles can damage the player through one-block-thick walls, if you're in contact with that wall. In case Demons spawn below the platform you're standing on, you'll want to make that platform 2 tiles thick. Also, if Demons spawn below your tunnel, you will want to have solid ground or another platform built far below your tunnel to catch dropped loot (anything but lava). Demons will always fly as close to you as they can, putting them well within range of the Vilethorn, which will dispense with them rather quickly.
Ocean Enemies[edit | edit source]
Ocean enemies can be farmed by building a long bridge over the ocean. this is a good way to farm Pirate Maps, key molds, glowsticks, shark fins, black ink, and, of course, coins. Build two layers of platforms - One 2 blocks under water, then a layer on top of the water. Above this stand in a small pool of water so that all of the mobs swim up towards you. This will cause water mobs to jump out of the water onto the platform. The Spider Staff is good for automatically killing the mobs as they obediently stay out of the water and is very easy to obtain. Another way to kill them is with Spear Traps or Spikey Ball Traps from the Lizarhd Temple. It is recommended to put mushroom grass mud in a large square above the ocean. This will cause Fungo Fish to spawn. Some Lizahrd Bricks in a large square, too.
Dungeon Guardian[edit | edit source]
Attempting to enter the dungeon before killing Skeletron will greet your with the most powerful boss in the game: The Dungeon Guardian. It deals a whopping 1000 damage, which generally ensures death for most players. Touting an impressive 9999 Defense and Health, the guardian will take a measly 1 damage from anything you throw at it (except for criticals, which deal two). Basically, the only way to beat it is with a ton of patience and some decent evasion skills. For preparation dig out the top of the dungeon and make mini-house (it must be valid housing, i.e. able to house an NPC) to the side of it. Place a bed inside and use it to set your spawn point, allowing you to quickly return to try fighting should you meet your demise. Dig a relatively wide vertical-tunnel in the top of the dungeon (directly above the shaft into the dungeon) to allow easy escape once the guardian has spawned.
Recommended gear[edit | edit source]
Despite what most say, Turtle Armor does not deal 1,000 damage. Turtle armor does half the damage you take back to the enemy, and then the enemy reduces the damage with there defense, making Turtle Armor effectively only deal 1 damage to Dungeon Guardian, so it is not recommended. Spectre armor will not be of much help, for healing will not be required due to instant death, and damage will not be increased. Shroomite armor is recommended, the reduced ammo usage of the ranged set helps tremendously. Bring a Chain gun (reforged to rapid) with a TON of Chlorophyte bullets (above 10,000 is necessary). For accessories, have all of them reforged to Lucky (+4% crit-chance) as it will increase your DPS tremendously. Bring a Black belt or Master Ninja Gear, as the 10% dodge chance may potentially save a run. Other recommended accessories are Lightning/Frostspark boots and Fishron Wings for optimal mobility. Potions should include a large number of gravitation potions and a couple ammo reservation potions. Use an ammo box before you begin the battle for maximum ammo-efficiency.
Initiating the Battle[edit | edit source]
First, drink a gravitation potion. Drop down as far as you can into the dungeon without the guardian spawning. The second that you see guardian spawn, press up once using the gravitation potion, and escape through the hole you made in the top of the dungeon. Kite the Dungeon Guardian around, making sure to keep a reasonable distance from it. Aim in its direction and fire your Chain Gun at it. Make sure to keep track of where the guardian is at all times. Use another gravitation potion whenever it runs out. Repeat this until the boss dies. Another thing you can do is set up a hallway with spiky ball droppers all along it, wire it up to a 1 second timer, and set up teleporters to either blocked-off end of the hallway. Jump into the hole, and then go back up to the hallway, and start teleporting back and forth. It might take a while, but eventually, it'll die. I hope this helped you. PEACE!
Notes[edit | edit source]
- Leave campfires, heart lanterns and heart statues linked to adjacent pressure plates in order to have improved self healing during the fights.You can also make a honey lake with platforms on top so you can just hop down for a quick regen. You can put your pressure plates (Above & Below) in the lake.
- Make a house close to the arena and move the nurse there and then set it as your spawn point, that way you can use the Magic Mirror to escape from a pinch and get some healing then return to battle.
- A good way to regain full health is to build a house for your nurse and put it away from your arena, and connect your arena with the house with a teleporter and when you are on low health during the battle, you can teleport to your nurse's house to buy a heal and teleport back to resume the battle. (Be careful as building the house too far away may cause the boss to de-spawn)
- You could even add your unwanted dart traps on the side linked to pressure plates for extra help in battle. A good idea is to link them to the same pressure plates that your heart statues are linked to. Players in later stages of the game can loot the Temple for super dart traps, fire or spear traps to use.


text:
Jimmy Fallon
Soft Rock Beef Alert: Little River Band Vs. Jimmy Fallon
He had a few choice words, and one of them has four letters and starts with an "f."
Watch Bradley Cooper Air Guitar To Neil Young's 'Down By The River'
Cooper even got the guitar face to prove it. Seriously, John Mayer, watch out.
Watch Steve Carell Do a Barbershop Rendition of 'Sexual Healing' on 'Tonight Show'
For one night and one night only, Steve Carell joined Jimmy Fallon's The Ragtime Gals and promptly stole all the thunder.
Jimmy Fallon & the Roots Fill In for U2, Cover 'Desire': Watch
Meanwhile, U2 is planning U2-less videos of every track on their "Songs of Innocence" album.
Jay Leno returns to the Tonight Show…
….and gives Jimmy Fallon the cold shoulder!
U2 Announce Weeklong Residency on 'The Tonight Show'
The set will start Nov. 17 on the NBC late night show.
Pee-wee Herman Movie Announced
We said it was coming, and last night Paul Rubens 'leaked' on the Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon that yes there is a New Pee-wee Herman movie starting to film next February! Checkout his chat […]
Sting Creates Ringtones — aka 'Stingtones' — For Jimmy Fallon: Watch
On last night's episode of The Tonight Show, Sting showed off his pipes, dusting off a few of his hits to turn them into seconds long ringtones for those fans who want to hear his voice every time they receive a call or text.
Jimmy Fallon & Wil.I.Am in "Ewe" the Video
Jimmy Fallon and Wil.I.Am star as Sara and Mir.I.Am in "Ewe" the side splitting video debuted last night. Its a wonderful blend of styles you'd come to expect from Jimmy with the Wil flair added […]
Jimmy Fallon To Film Tonight Show in Phoenix!
Jimmy Fallon is bringing "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" to Super Bowl Central in downtown Phoenix. After the broadcast of Super bowl XLIX, the show will be telecast live from the Orpheum Theatre! Information […]


text:
On Strategies for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change: Elements of a Global Carbon MarketPaperback Studies on International Environmental Policy
List price $69.95
You save $0.01
Free delivery worldwide
Dispatched in 1 business day
When will my order arrive?
- Publisher: Lit Verlag
- Format: Paperback | 328 pages
- Dimensions: 142mm x 208mm x 23mm | 1,247g
- Publication date: 16 December 2012
- Sales rank: 2,033,536
Product description
What are the prospects for averting dangerous climate change and which strategies offer promising avenues to successfully tackle this global challenge? These questions are at the heart of the analysis in this book that begins by evaluating the possibilities and limits of transnational cooperation in climate policy. The book then investigates the normative underpinnings for avoiding dangerous climate change and looks at policy instruments for climate protection. The final section turns to developing an implementation strategy centered on the innovative concept of a Modular Carbon Market as an institutional structure for global emissions management. (Series: Studies on International Environmental Policy / Studien zur Internationalen Umweltpolitik - Vol. 15)
Add item to wishlist
Other books in this category
Marching Powder
USD$10.57 - Save $5.01 32% off - RRP $15.58
Capital in the Twenty-First Cent...
USD$31.66 - Save $15.05 32% off - RRP $46.71
I am Malala
USD$9.95 - Save $2.51 20% off - RRP $12.46
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
USD$9.75 - Save $4.27 30% off - RRP $14.02
The Lost Child of Philomena Lee
USD$10.57 - Save $3.45 24% off - RRP $14.02
Half the Sky
USD$16.52 - Save $3.74 18% off - RRP $20.26
- Categories:
Author information
Daniel Klingenfeld has worked extensively on questions of global climate policy design. He completed doctoral studies at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and holds Master degrees from the Kennedy School at Harvard University and ESCP Europe.


text:
"Alumni Perspectives" Focuses on Healthy Relationships
HBCU alum get together to combat violence against women on college campuses, Univ. of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Professor awarded NASA grant for genetic research, plus more HBCU news. — Britt Middleton
Ending Violence Against Women (EVAW): The HBCU Project has announced "Alumni Perspectives," a new web series focused on promoting open dialogue between HBCU students, faculty and staff about the prevention of violence against women on college campuses. Starting this June and running through February 2014, a new video will be released on its website (click here to watch the series trailer). (Photo: Courtesy of AlumniPerspectives.org)
Everything You Need to Know About the Charleston Massacre 07/02/2015
Not Just the Flag: Confederate Symbols Across the Nation 06/30/2015
In Memoriam: Rev. Clementa Pinckney 06/26/2015
Reactions to the Supreme Court's Ruling on Same-Sex Marriage 06/26/2015
Justice for Freddie Gray: What's Happening in Baltimore? 06/26/2015
ICYMI: Texas Woman Thought She Was Black for 70 Years 06/25/2015
The Confederate Flag Debate 06/24/2015
ICYMI: Wall Street Journal Says Institutional Racism Is Over 06/19/2015
The Rich History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church 06/19/2015
When Racists Attack Black Churches 06/19/2015
BET Remembers the Victims of the Charleston Massacre 06/19/2015
Juneteenth 2015: Where You Can Celebrate in Your City 06/18/2015
Lester Holt: 9 Facts About the New Face of 'Nightly News' 06/18/2015
What's Happening in Ferguson, Missouri? 06/15/2015
Black Lies Matter: Rachel Dolezal's Identity Crisis 06/15/2015
What's Happening in McKinney, Texas? 06/12/2015
The Best Tweets in Response to Rachel Dolezal's Identity 06/12/2015
NYPD Chief Says He Can't Find Black Men Without Records 06/11/2015


text:
Samantha Slopes Model
redblack photographyPhotographer Male Occoquan, Virginia, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/redblackphotography
Mayhem # 3292722
About MeI was a professional photographer in the 80's and 90's, specializing in photojournalism, studio, large format, and black and white darkroom techniques.
Currently I am a semi-professional photographer, shooting all digital. I have a dedicated studio, and I focus on portraiture and work for print and web.
Samantha Slopes Model
sapphirero... Model
Mary Ann V Model
Margo Model
duke something Model
Burning-Lo... Model
Loading Content