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Publications (50)142.2 Total impact
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Article: The symbiosis between Nicotiana tabacum and the endomycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae increases the plant glutathione level and decreases leaf cadmium and root arsenic contents[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Over time, anthropogenic activities have led to severe cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in several environments. Plants inhabiting metal(loid)-contaminated areas should be able to sequester and detoxify these toxic elements as soon as they enter roots and leaves. We postulated here that an important role in protecting plants from excessive metal(loid) accumulation and toxicity might be played by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In fact, human exploitation of plant material derived from Cd- and As-polluted environments may lead to a noxious intake of these toxic elements; in particular, a possible source of Cd and As for humans is given by cigarette and cigar smoke. We investigated the role of AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler in protecting Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv. Petit Havana) from the above-mentioned metal(loid) stress. Our findings proved that the AM symbiosis is effective in increasing the plant tissue content of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), in influencing the amount of metal(loid)-induced chelators as phytochelatins, and in reducing the Cd and As content in leaves and roots of adult tobacco plants. These results might also prove useful in improving the quality of commercial tobacco, thus reducing the risks to human health due to inhalation of toxic elements contained in smoking products. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 04/2015; 92. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.001 · 2.35 Impact Factor
Article: The symbiosis between Nicotiana tabacum and the endomycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae increases the plant glutathione level and decreases leaf cadmium and root arsenic contents[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Over time, anthropogenic activities have led to severe cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in several environments. Plants inhabiting metal(loid)-contaminated areas should be able to sequester and detoxify these toxic elements as soon as they enter roots and leaves. We postulated here that an important role in protecting plants from excessive metal(loid) accumulation and toxicity might be played by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In fact, human exploitation of plant material derived from Cd- and As-polluted environments may lead to a noxious intake of these toxic elements; in particular, a possible source of Cd and As for humans is given by cigarette and cigar smoke. We investigated here the role of AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler in protecting Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv. Petit Havana) from the above-mentioned meta(loid) stress. Our findings proved that the AM symbiosis is effective in increasing the plant tissue content of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), in influencing the amount of metal(loid)-induced chelators as phytochelatins, and in reducing the Cd and As content in leaves and roots of adult tobacco plants. These results might also prove useful in improving the quality of commercial tobacco, thus reducing the risks to human health due to inhalation of toxic elements contained in smoking products.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 01/2015; · 2.35 Impact Factor
- 1st Parma Nano-day, Parma, Italy; 11/2014
Article: A Cd/Fe/Zn-Responsive Phytochelatin Synthase is Constitutively Present in the Ancient Liverwort Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lunularia cruciata occupies a very basal position in the phylogenetic tree of liverworts, which in turn have been recognized as a very early clade of land plants. It would therefore seem appropriate to take L. cruciata as the starting point for investigating character evolution in the metal(loid) response of land plants. One of the strongest evolutionary pressures for land colonization by plants has come from potential access to much greater amounts of nutritive ions from surface rocks. This might have resulted in the need to precisely regulate trace element homeostasis and to minimize the risk of exposure to toxic concentrations of certain metals, prompting the evolution of a number of response mechanisms, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metal(loid)-binding thiol-peptides. Accordingly, if the ability to synthesize phytochelatins and the occurrence of an active phytochelatin synthase are traits present in a basal liverwort, and have been even reinforced in "modern" tracheophytes, e.g. Arabidopsis thaliana, then such traits would presumably have played an essential role in plant fitness over time. Hence, we demonstrated here that: 1) L. cruciata compartmentalizes cadmium in the vacuoles of the phototosynthetic parenchyma by means of a phytochelatin-mediated detoxification strategy, and possesses a phytochelatin synthase that is activated by cadmium and homeostatic concentrations of iron(II) and zinc; 2) A. thaliana phytochelatin synthase displays a higher and broader response to several metal(loid)s [namely: cadmium, iron(II), zinc, copper, mercury, lead, arsenic(III)] than the phytochelatin synthase of L. cruciata.Plant and Cell Physiology 09/2014; 55(11). DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcu117 · 4.98 Impact Factor
Conference Paper: Response to metals in the liverwort Lunularia cruciata and in the charophyte Nitella mucronata109° Congresso Nazionale della Società Botanica Italiana - International Plant Science Conference, Firenze (FI); 09/2014
Conference Paper: The "Recovery" phenomenon in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Chardonnay infected by "Bois Noir" phytoplasma: investigation of proteome modifications by 2DE and Western Blot analysis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) disease caused by Bois Noir (BN) phytoplasma, a plant phloem-limited pathogens belonging to the class Mollicutes, is an important concern to European vinery economy. Phytoplasmas have a broad range of plant hosts among monocots and dicots and diseases of many important crops have already been associated with these pathogens. Leaf curling and discoloration, uneven or total lack of lignification of canes, flower abortion and berry withering are the typical symptoms of phytoplasma infection in grapevine. An interesting aspect of the pathogen–plant interaction is "recovery" phenomenon, a spontaneous remission of symptoms in previously symptomatic plants. In this study, we are using 2-DE and Western Blot analysis to explore the proteome changes in leaves and midribs of V. vinifera cv. 'Chardonnay' naturally infected by BN, with particular attention to recovered plants.PLANT BIOLOGY EUROPE FESPB/EPSO 2014 Congress, Dublin, Ireland; 06/2014
Conference Paper: Response to Metal(loid)s in the Basal Liverwort Lunularia cruciata[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A recent study by our group demonstrated that bryophytes - a paraphyletic group which includes liverworts (Marchantiophyta), mosses (Bryophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) - have the capability to produce phytochelatins (PCs) in response to Cd, and that they possess a constitutive and functional phytochelatin synthase (PCS). Amongst bryophytes, liverworts occupy an ideal basal phylogenetic position for reconstructing ancient evolutionary changes that occurred over time. Notably, the early Devonian Rhynie Chert of NE Scotland (ca. 396 ± 12 Mya) contained the earliest bryophytic flora and featured high levels of Hg, Zn, Au, the metalloids As and Sb, etc., all PC-inducers to varying extents, at least in higher plants. Accordingly, if the PC production capability and a functional PCS were present even in the earliest land plants (such as ancient liverworts) and have been maintained until today, it might be postulated that PCs and PCS would have played a positive role for plant fitness in metal(loid)-containing palaeoenvironments over the course of time. Thus, in order to identify events of an ancestral nature in the basalmost land plants, we hypothesized here that gametophytes of Lunularia cruciata (Lunulariales, Lunulariaceae), an early divergent clade of thalloid liverworts, would: 1) possess a metal(loid)-responsive PCS activated by Cd and other elements, such as Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, and Sb, which are documented to be present both in the abovementioned palaeoenvironments, and in the present-day environments; 2) compartmentalize the excess of certain metals, i.e. Cd and Zn, in the vacuoles, by means of a PC-mediated detoxification strategy.PLANT BIOLOGY EUROPE FESPB/EPSO 2014 Congress, Dublin, Ireland; 06/2014
Article: The capability to synthesize phytochelatins and the presence of constitutive and functional phytochelatin synthases are ancestral (plesiomorphic) characters for basal land plants.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bryophytes, a paraphyletic group which includes liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, have been stated as land plants that under metal stress (particularly cadmium) do not synthesize metal-binding peptides such as phytochelatins. Moreover, very little information is available to date regarding phytochelatin synthesis in charophytes, postulated to be the direct ancestors of land plants, or in lycophytes, namely very basal tracheophytes. In this study, it was hypothesized that basal land plants and charophytes have the capability to produce phytochelatins and possess constitutive and functional phytochelatin synthases. To verify this hypothesis, twelve bryophyte species (six liverworts, four mosses, and two hornworts), three charophytes, and two lycophyte species were exposed to 0-36 μM cadmium for 72h, and then assayed for: (i) glutathione and phytochelatin quali-quantitative content by HPLC and mass spectrometry; (ii) the presence of putative phytochelatin synthases by western blotting; and (iii) in vitro activity of phytochelatin synthases. Of all the species tested, ten produced phytochelatins in vivo, while the other seven did not. The presence of a constitutively expressed and functional phytochelatin synthase was demonstrated in all the bryophyte lineages and in the lycophyte Selaginella denticulata, but not in the charophytes. Hence, current knowledge according to phytochelatins have been stated as being absent in bryophytes was therefore confuted by this work. It is argued that the capability to synthesize phytochelatins, as well as the presence of active phytochelatin synthases, are ancestral (plesiomorphic) characters for basal land plants.Journal of Experimental Botany 01/2014; DOI:10.1093/jxb/ert472 · 5.79 Impact Factor
- 108° Congresso Nazionale della Società Botanica Italiana, Baselga di Pinè (TN); 09/2013
Conference Paper: Carofite, briofite e licofite sintetizzano fitochelatine e possiedono fitochelatina sintasi costitutive e funzionali108° Congresso Nazionale della Società Botanica Italiana, Baselga di Pinè (TN); 09/2013
Conference Paper: Phytochelatins and phytochelatin synthase in bryophytes[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bryophytes, namely liverworts, mosses and hornworts, have been stated as basal land plants that, under metal stress (particularly cadmium), do not synthesize metal-binding peptides such as phytochelatins. We hypothesized instead that a "phytochelatin production capability" may be present also in these plants. For verifying such hypothesis, twelve bryophyte species (six liverworts, Conocephalum conicum, Marchantia polymorpha, Pellia epiphylla, Radula complanata, Aneura pinguis and Scapania undulata; four mosses, Sphagnum palustre, Polytrichastrum formosum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Fontinalis antipyretica; and two hornworts, Anthoceros punctatus and Phaeoceros laevis) were grown with or without 36 microM cadmium for 72 h, and then assayed for phytochelatin quali-quantitative content by post-column-derivatized HPLC followed by mass and mass/ mass spectrometry. In addition, western blot analyses for immunodetection of putative phytochelatin synthases were performed in C. conicum, S. palustre, P. laevis and, as a negative control, in Physcomitrella patens, whose genome is completely sequenced. Of the twelve species tested, six produced phytochelatins (four liverworts, one moss, one hornwort), whereas six did not. Not least, the presence of an endogenous, constitutivelyexpressed, phytochelatin synthase was also found in some species. Hence, bryophytes do produce phytochelatins, thus confuting the current knowledge according to which these thiol-peptides are absent in such plants; besides, phytochelatins were mainly detected in stem lineages, whereas they appeared to be less abundant (or absent) in crown taxa. This suggests that phytochelatin synthesis, as well as the presence of a constitutive phytochelatin synthase, is an ancestral character for basal land plants.25th Congress of the Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society, Helsingør, Denmark; 08/2013
Article: A bifasic response to cadmium stress in carrot: Early acclimatory mechanisms give way to root collapse further to prolonged metal exposure[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Very few studies have provided information about the effects of cadmium (Cd) at histoanatomical and ultrastructural levels, along with potential localization of the metal in planta. In particular, from this standpoint, almost nothing is known in Daucus carota L. (carrot), a particularly important species for in vitro and in vivo functional investigations. In this work we hypothesized that 36 μM Cd, supplied for 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days to 30-day-old in vitro-cultured plants, might induce an early acclimation, but a final collapse of roots and leaves. In fact, as a general feature, a biphasic root response to Cd stress actually took place: in the first phase (1-4 days of Cd exposure), the cytological and functional events observed - by light microscopy, TEM, epifluorescence, as well as by the time-course of thiol-peptide compounds - can be interpreted as acclimatory responses aimed at diminishing the movement of Cd across the root. The second phase (from 4 to 14 days of Cd exposure) was instead characterized by cell hypertrophy, cell-to-cell separation events, increase in α-β-γ-tocopherol levels and, not least, endocytogenic processes, coupled with a dramatic drop in the amount of thiol-peptide compounds. These events led to a progressive root collapse, even if they did not ingenerate macro/microscopic injury symptoms in leaf blades and petioles.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 07/2012; 58:269-79. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.002 · 2.35 Impact Factor
Article: Cadmium tolerance in Brassica juncea roots and shoots is affected by antioxidant status and phytochelatin biosynthesis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) tolerates high concentrations of heavy metals and is a promising species for the purpose of phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from metal-contaminated soils. This work investigates the extent to which antioxidant and metal sequestering mechanisms are responsible for this tolerance. To this end, seedlings of Indian mustard were grown for 7 days in 0, 50 or 200 μM Cd. Increasing Cd concentrations led to a progressive Cd accumulation in roots and shoots, accompanied by an organ-dependent alteration in mineral uptake, and a decrease in root/shoot length and fresh/dry weight. Cd negatively affected chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and activated the xanthophyll cycle, suggesting the need to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition. Shoots seemed to be less efficient than roots in ROS scavenging, as indicated by the different response to Cd stress shown by peroxidase and catalase activities and, solely with regard to the highest Cd concentration, by ascorbate level. Such a different antioxidant capacity might at least partly explain differences in the trend of lipid peroxidation observed in the two organs. Moreover, in both roots and shoots, glutathione and phytochelatin content markedly increased under Cd stress, regardless of the metal concentration involved.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 05/2012; 57:15-22. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.002 · 2.35 Impact Factor
Article: Response of barley plants to Fe deficiency and Cd contamination as affected by S starvation[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Both Fe deficiency and Cd exposure induce rapid changes in the S nutritional requirement of plants. The aim of this work was to characterize the strategies adopted by plants to cope with both Fe deficiency (release of phytosiderophores) and Cd contamination [production of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins] when grown under conditions of limited S supply. Experiments were performed in hydroponics, using barley plants grown under S sufficiency (1.2 mM sulphate) and S deficiency (0 mM sulphate), with or without Fe(III)-EDTA at 0.08 mM for 11 d and subsequently exposed to 0.05 mM Cd for 24 h or 72 h. In S-sufficient plants, Fe deficiency enhanced both root and shoot Cd concentrations and increased GSH and phytochelatin levels. In S-deficient plants, Fe starvation caused a slight increase in Cd concentration, but this change was accompanied neither by an increase in GSH nor by an accumulation of phytochelatins. Release of phytosiderophores, only detectable in Fe-deficient plants, was strongly decreased by S deficiency and further reduced after Cd treatment. In roots Cd exposure increased the expression of the high affinity sulphate transporter gene (HvST1) regardless of the S supply, and the expression of the Fe deficiency-responsive genes, HvYS1 and HvIDS2, irrespective of Fe supply. In conclusion, adequate S availability is necessary to cope with Fe deficiency and Cd toxicity in barley plants. Moreover, it appears that in Fe-deficient plants grown in the presence of Cd with limited S supply, sulphur may be preferentially employed in the pathway for biosynthesis of phytosiderophores, rather than for phytochelatin production.Journal of Experimental Botany 11/2011; 63(3):1241-50. DOI:10.1093/jxb/err344 · 5.79 Impact Factor
Article: Water availability modifies tolerance to photo-oxidative pollutants in transplants of the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that a daily water supply allows a lichen to endure the negative effects of environmental concentrations of NO(x) and O(3) was tested with a transplant experiment. Five groups (0, A-D) of Flavoparmelia caperata samples derived from the same thalli were used for destructive, pre-exposure measurements (0), or exposed for 5 weeks in the rural collection site (A), and in a urban site with high levels of NO(x) and O(3) (B-D). Two groups (C, D) were daily watered half an hour before the daily peak of NO(x) (C), and O(3) (D). The comparison between pre- and post-exposure measurements of stress biomarkers revealed that the different thallus hydration regime modified the pollution tolerance as well as the physiology of the exposed samples. The non-watered group B suffered an evident decrease in F(v)/F(m) and reduced glutathione, but increased ion leakage, whereas the watered groups C and D showed only decreased non-photosynthetic-quenching, possibly derived from NO(x) exposure. Ozone, which was higher in the rural than in the urban site, did not significantly affect the lichen metabolism. Our results re-open the discussion on the so-called "drought hypothesis", which suggests that the lichen desert observed in urban areas of central and eastern Europe is more a matter of dry microclimate than of air pollution.Oecologia 08/2011; 168(2):589-99. DOI:10.1007/s00442-011-2104-z · 3.25 Impact Factor
Article: Cadmium tolerance and phytochelatin content of Arabidopsis seedlings over-expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene AtPCS1[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Previous studies demonstrated that expression of the Arabidopsis phytochelatin (PC) biosynthetic gene AtPCS1 in Nicotiana tabacum plants increases the Cd tolerance in the presence of exogenous glutathione (GSH). In this paper, the Cd tolerance of Arabidopsis plants over-expressing AtPCS1 (AtPCSox lines) has been analysed and the differences between Arabidopsis and tobacco are shown. Based on the analysis of seedling fresh weight, primary root length, and alterations in root anatomy, evidence is provided that, at relatively low Cd concentrations, the Cd tolerance of AtPCSox lines is lower than the wild type, while AtPCS1 over-expressing tobacco is more tolerant to Cd than the wild type. At higher Cd concentrations, Arabidopsis AtPCSox seedlings are more tolerant to Cd than the wild type, while tobacco AtPCS1 seedlings are as sensitive as the wild type. Exogenous GSH, in contrast to what was observed in tobacco, did not increase the Cd tolerance of AtPCSox lines. The PC content in wild-type Arabidopsis at low Cd concentrations is more than three times higher than in tobacco and substantial differences were also found in the PC chain lengths. These data indicate that the differences in Cd tolerance and in its dependence on exogenous GSH between Arabidopsis and tobacco are due to species-specific differences in the endogenous content of PCs and GSH and may be in the relative abundance of PCs of different length.Journal of Experimental Botany 08/2011; 62(15):5509-19. DOI:10.1093/jxb/err228 · 5.79 Impact Factor
Article: Metal(loid) homeostasis, detoxification and tolerance in plants and lichens: advances in understanding mechanismsEnvironmental and Experimental Botany 08/2011; 72(1):1-2. DOI:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.02.003 · 3.00 Impact Factor
Article: Phytochelatins govern zinc/copper homeostasis and cadmium detoxification in Cuscuta campestris parasitizing Daucus carota[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cuscuta sp., known with the common name of "dodder", is an obligate parasite capable of invading stems and leaves of a wide range of host plants. Dodder stem usually coils counterclockwise around the host and, within a few days, develops haustorial structures at each point of contact. As soon as dodder haustoria reach host vascular bundles, they start tapping water, photosynthates and minerals. Metal ions such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential for dodder growth and metabolism, although an exceedingly high (over-homeostatic) supply of these micronutrients can result in growth inhibition and cellular toxicity. Even more so, non-essential metals such as cadmium (Cd), if transferred from the host to the parasite, need to be neutralized by timely detoxification mechanisms. In this work, we showed that Cuscuta campestris Yuncker establishes effective haustorial connections with leaf petioles and blades of Daucus carota L. (carrot), with the consequent transfer of Cd and essential metals (such as Zn and Cu) from the host vascular bundles to the parasite. Following up to this point, we detected the presence in the parasite of significant amounts of glutathione and phytochelatins, even in the absence of Cd exposure. This suggests that thiol peptides in dodder might be particularly important for Zn and Cu homeostasis as well as for Cd detoxification. Finally, we demonstrated that dodder is capable of synthesizing phytochelatins on its own, rather than massively importing them from the host, and also provided evidence for the existence of an endogenous, constitutively expressed, dodder's phytochelatin synthase.Environmental and Experimental Botany 08/2011; 72(1):26-33. DOI:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.04.017 · 3.00 Impact Factor
Article: Proteomic analysis as a tool for investigating arsenic stress in Pteris vittata roots colonized or not by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pteris vittata can tolerate very high soil arsenic concentration and rapidly accumulates the metalloid in its fronds. However, its tolerance to arsenic has not been completely explored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize the root of most terrestrial plants, including ferns. Mycorrhizae are known to affect plant responses in many ways: improving plant nutrition, promoting plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens, drought, salinity and heavy metal stresses. It has been observed that plants growing on arsenic polluted soils are usually mycorrhizal and that AM fungi enhance arsenic tolerance in a number of plant species. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the AM fungus Glomus mosseae on P. vittata plants treated with arsenic using a proteomic approach. Image analysis showed that 37 spots were differently affected (21 identified). Arsenic treatment affected the expression of 14 spots (12 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated), while in presence of G. mosseae modulated 3 spots (1 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated). G. mosseae, in absence of arsenic, modulated 17 spots (13 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated). Arsenic stress was observed even in an arsenic tolerant plant as P. vittata and a protective effect of AM symbiosis toward arsenic stress was observed.Journal of proteomics 03/2011; 74(8):1338-50. DOI:10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.027 · 3.93 Impact Factor
Article: Genome-wide inventory of metal homeostasis-related gene products including a functional phytochelatin synthase in the hypogeous mycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Ectomycorrhizal fungi are thought to enhance mineral nutrition of their host plants and to confer increased tolerance toward toxic metals. However, a global view of metal homeostasis-related genes and pathways in these organisms is still lacking. Building upon the genome sequence of Tuber melanosporum and on transcriptome analyses, we set out to systematically identify metal homeostasis-related genes in this plant-symbiotic ascomycete. Candidate gene products (101) were subdivided into three major functional classes: (i) metal transport (58); (ii) oxidative stress defence (32); (iii) metal detoxification (11). The latter class includes a small-size metallothionein (TmelMT) that was functionally validated in yeast, and phytochelatin synthase (TmelPCS), the first enzyme of this kind to be described in filamentous ascomycetes. Recombinant TmelPCS was shown to support GSH-dependent, metal-activated phytochelatin synthesis in vitro and to afford increased Cd/Cu tolerance to metal hypersensitive yeast strains. Metal transporters, especially those related to Cu and Zn trafficking, displayed the highest expression levels in mycorrhizae, suggesting extensive translocation of both metals to root cells as well as to fungal metalloenzymes (e.g., laccase) that are strongly upregulated in symbiotic hyphae.Fungal Genetics and Biology 11/2010; 48(6):573-84. DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.11.003 · 3.26 Impact Factor
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Università degli studi di Parma
Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- • Department of Life Sciences
- • Department of Chemistry
University of UdineUdine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
University of FlorenceFlorens, Tuscany, Italy
Università di PisaPisa, Tuscany, Italy


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Development plan will generate jobsApril 21,2013
Development plan
will create Vt. jobs
NEWPORT Vermont education and labor officials are helping to prepare the Northeast Kingdom for an influx of what officials hope could eventually be 10,000 jobs.
Those jobs would come through a development initiative run by Bill Stenger, president of Jay Peak Resort, and his partner Ariel Quiros.
Officials say the first wave of jobs created in the region by the Northeast Kingdom Economic Development Initiative are already being created in the construction and tourism industries and if people wait too long for training and additional education they could miss out.
We really need trained, qualified people, said Patricia Sears of the Newport City Renaissance Corp., who is helping to prepare the community for the NEK Initiative.
A team of labor and education specialists is focusing on the jobs that they will create and the training that will be needed to get those jobs. A report expected to be finished soon will be shared in the community, said team-member Cindy Robillard.
Stenger andl Quiros are expanding the Jay Peak and Burke Mountain resorts, bringing Menck Windows USA and AnC Bio Vermont to the city of Newport, rebuilding a downtown block and building a waterfront hotel in Newport City. The project will also include expanding the Newport State Airport.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Following a dry spring, parts of Vermont were pummeled by rain in June, giving a... Full StoryMONTPELIER Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders political action committee has been fined by... Full StoryAt any given time, more than 30,000 Vermonters are contending with a suspended drivers license. Full Story
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Police Raid Club of 'F**K It I Quit' Reporter Turned Pot Activist
Anchorage police have served search warrants at marijuana activist Charlo Greene's Alaska Cannabis Club. Greene made headlines last year when she quit her job on live TV and threw down the gauntlet in support of cannabis legalization.
HIGH TIMES Legislative Roundup: March 23
President Obama said last week that as long as states continue to legalize marijuana, Congress will have no choice but to consider downgrading its Schedule I classification to a Schedule II – the most likely first step toward ending federal prohibition. If this is t...
Paying for Pot Could Get Easier and Maybe Even Legal
Despite legalization of medical and recreational marijuana in nearly half the country, cash is still the only payment method accepted for all transactions. However, that could be changing very soon!
Burma Opium War Spills Into China
After weeks of escalating tensions along the remote mountain border, a Burmese MiG-29 fighter jet carried out an air-strike on Chinese territory March 13, killing four people working in a sugar-cane field in Yunnan province. Chinese authoriti...
DEA Can Seize Your Cash in an Airport for No Reason
The Drug Enforcement Administration is under fire after a report by the Department of Justice revealed that agents have been seizing millions of dollars every year from innocent travelers.


text: Find this wine Find this wine Chateau Haut Lovely bouquet. Really needs decanting with the 2003. Pin It Tweet 4 years ago by Bricin More posts Chateau Peyrabon Haut-Medoc 2000 2000 Bordeaux for $30 bucks. Cru bourgeois. Decanted for 3+ hours 3 months ago by Pete P. Chateau Haut-mouleyre Bordeaux 2012 Oscars party 4 months ago by Starfish3981 Chateau Puech-haut Le Prestige 2011 Fullll bodied but smooth dry finish 4 months ago by Lisa L. Chateau La Tonnelle 2011 Haut-medoc Fruity, medium body, high tanics. 91pts 7 months ago by Jose L.


text: We stayed at this hotel for two nights during our trip to Peru. The room was comfortable and cosy. As the hotel is located on the Main Street you hear the sounds of the passing cars during the night. The breakfast was basic! The Wi-Fi was working perfectly throughout the hotel. Little bit far from Miraflores center and we had... More


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The three top winners of the Museum of Aviation Foundation Raffle held July 12, 2014 came by the Museum of Aviation Tuesday July 15 to collect their winnings. The first place winners were Steve and Kristy Sylvester from Warner Robins, Georgia who chose to take the $30,000 cash. Senior Airman Randall Evans, a 116th Air Control Wing member and his wife Lia who live in Warner Robins, won the second place drawing for $3,000 and the third place $1,000 prize went to Chris Brown from Kathleen, Georgia.
The drawings were held at the end of a lively Auction and Raffle and Taste of Cuisine July 12 in the Museum of Aviations Century of Flight Hangar. A total of 410 items donated from merchants and individuals were auctioned off and 33 restaurants and caterers provided their signature dishes to an estimated 1,000 attendees. More than 1,200 raffle tickets were sold.
The event was the 29th annual Auction and Raffle put on by the Museum of Aviation Foundation. Steve Davison, owner of Clean Control in Warner Robins, has been the volunteer Chairman of the event for the last 14 years. He was assisted by Jimmy Autry, Vice Chairman; Margaret Cox, raffle ticket chairman; and many other volunteers who procured items, sold tickets and helped set up the event. The top ticket seller was Dr. Dan Callahan who sold more than 150 tickets. The event is the second largest fund-raiser put on each year to benefit the Museum of Aviation.
Some of the items auctioned off included a fancy chicken coop, a rare bottle of whiskey, a sky box suite for Mercer University basketball, a trip to Wyoming, a Falcons jersey signed by former linebacker Buddy Curry, furs and jewelry and a framed U.S. flag donated by Colonel Murray and Sharon Hansen which was flown over the 70th Anniversary of D-Day commemoration in France.
Photo: Museum of Aviation Foundation Raffle Winners pose in front of the Museum of Aviation and raffle vehicles. At right is Kristy and Steve Sylvester from Warner Robins who won the top drawing and chose to take $30,000 cash. June Lowe, Museum of Aviation Foundation Executive Vice President, far left, poses with (l-r) Chris Brown, the $1,000 winner from Kathleen and Senior Airman Randall Evans, his wife Lia and daughter Emma who won the second prize of $3,000.
2015 Pre-Raffle Bonus Drawings:
May 6 Preview Party - $200 Gift Card
Dobbie LuppinoWarner Robins, GA
May 18 - $200 Gift Card
Maj. Gen. Bob and Hope McMahonWarner Robins, GA
June 8- $200 Gift Card
JoAnn BoydKathleen, GA
June 22 - $200 Gift Card
Harry Beardsley
Warner Robins, GA
June 29 - $200 Gift Card
Joy Hurst
Kathleen, GA
July 6 - $200 Gift Card
July 13 - Apple Watch
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Chanda Akles, Mary Lou Carlson, Allyson Coultas, Denisa Davis, Gena DeBoe, Gerrit Dempsey, Rick Drury, Michelle Elliott, Brad Fink, Jennifer Fricks, Ann Gregory, Sharon Hansen, John Harley, John Harley, Jr., Scott Hefner, Kelly Hill, Sonya Jenkins, David Johnson, Donna Kiefer, Tiffany Lindley, John Luppino, Mary Ann Martin, Christopher McGuire, Hope McMahon, Tom McMichael, Jade Morey, Leslie Nicols, Marlan Nichols, Shirley O'Neill, Jake Postin, Kim Reehling, John Rowlands, Ben Satterfield, Sam Satterfield, Linda Shingler, Tamara Shrable, Eloise Stanley, Jack Steed, Jackie Trotter, Mike Trotter, Lauren Twining, Julie Werner, Ginny Wyatt and Cindy Yon


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Select Local Merchants
Curves Kansas City 1226 N 79th StreetRead MoreAs they enter the training circuit at Curves, female guests come face-to-face with the smiles of other women. And just as points on a circle share a common distance from the circle's center, workout participants share the experiences of those nearby by trading stations throughout the 30-minute training session. Thirty seconds is spent on a piece of strength-training equipment built for feminine frames and designed to work two opposing muscle groups with a single movement. Exercisers then move on to a recovery station, where they run, jog, or dance to maintain heart rates and keep platforms in place during momentary losses of gravity.2035 W. Kansas St.Liberty, MO US
Eagle Fitness LibertyRead MoreWhen members of Eagle Fitness Health club work out on the treadmills, Life Fitness and Precor elliptical trainers, and other cardio equipment, they don't have to worry about not liking what's on the gym's flat-screen TVs. Each machine has its own Cardio Theater equipment, so exercisers can watch whatever they'd like. It's perks like these that make working out more convenient and enjoyable at Eagle Fitness Health Club. The instructors also lead group exercise classes, including Body Sculpt barbell workouts, yoga, and Zumba dance aerobics infused with kickboxing. For a dose of one-on-one attention, the personal trainers tailor each workout to help their clients meet their fitness goals—whether they want to lose weight or finally beat their left arms at arm wrestling—and supplement exercise with nutritional guidance. A beverage stand loaded with protein drinks and protein bars helps patrons recover after intense workouts. Wee ones can run rampant in the supervised kids' club area, which is decked out in colorful murals and a playhouse to entertain tykes as their guardians exercise or work on a bronze in Level I, II, and II tanning beds.338 Highway 291Liberty, MO US
Liberty JazzerciseRead MoreJazzercise is 60 minutes of cardio, strength training, and stretching that incorporates moves from hip-hop, yoga, Pilates, jazz dance, kickboxing, and resistance training with handheld weights. Dancing with the Stars multiple-champion Cheryl Burke is a big fan of Jazzercise's improvisational workouts, though luckily you won't need her dance moves to get the most out of your class. If you're prone to first-class jitters, though, you can review the basic moves online before you go. Expect to burn off up to 500 calories with each go-round.239 West Mill StreetLiberty, MO US


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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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29 year old man | Bellevue, WA, USA | Seeking women 22-32 within 50 miles
Paradise is a state of mind
Oh how the mighty have fallen! Haha well I never thought I would have a profile on a site like this but here I am so I guess I'll just smile and try to make the most of it. I am a pretty easy going guy and love to joke and seem to always have something sarcastic to say, but I guess that is why people like me. Even though it is a clique to say I really do tend to just say it the way it is. I love to have a good time and try new things but I am definitely not opposed to spending the night at home and enjoying each others company. A good time these days is a Mariners/Seahawks game or dinner and drinks, maybe a concert, or day trip, or hike, or camping trip...and while I still will have the occasional "Wild" night it just isn't that appealing any more. I want to find someone that has a vision for where they want to go in life and who they are as an individual, but most importantly understands the importance of being honest and upfront especially with the ones they love. No matter how beautiful you are on the outside your character can turn you ugly in an instant. Hawaii is my second home. I love to travel and have spent some time traveling the country but never really the world - I guess I always wanted to kind of explore my homeland before I explore someone else's. The trade off for me was living in a place that everyone from around the world visited so I got to experience that eclectic lifestyle more than most I think. I would like the chance to do some traveling though and really want to go to Australia and a few other places but still have lots more I want to do here in the US too.
Alumni connections , Camping , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Performing arts , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Bowling, Cycling, Football, Golf, Hockey, Other types of exercise, Running, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
I love trying new places on the eastside, I try to stay away from downtown Seattle most of the time except for day excursions. I have my favorite places, but trying something new is way more exciting to me. Hawaii is always a good time too haha
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
I like taking walks/hiking, exploring new cities or parts of town, trying new restaurants, looking at houses, I love most every type of music depending on the situation but my radio is usually on 100.7 or 98.9
Wine Tasting? Concert? Mariners Game? Seahawks? Movie? Hike? Go For a Drive? Explore - a city, a brewery, a restaurant? Something else?....Sure why not! Someone that's going to be good company is my only requirement!
I spend most of the time reading about current events in the newspaper, magazines, and internet. Otherwise I like reading autobiographies and political satire (i.e. When We Were The Kennedys by Monica Wood)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'0" (182cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 5'10" (177cms)
|Body type:
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Financial / Accounting / Real Estate
|No preference
Real Estate Broker
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
|Have kids:
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian
|Christian / Catholic
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / LDS, Christian / Protestant, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
|Bachelors degree
|No preference
Political Science / Peace and Conflict Education - Specializing in Mediation and Negotiation


text:
Greetings everyone!!!
Darkwing Duck was my favorite superhero growing up, and still a "guilty pleasure" of mine to enduldge in from time to time these days when I need an escape from reality, I'm also able to pick up on little bits of "wit" that younger me didn't catch. I also posted about this on the imdb boards:
I've always been fascinated by alternate realities, so naturally one of my favorite episodes is Negaduck's "origin" revealing his homeworld of the Negaverse. I've been wondering recently is during the pilot "Darkly Dawns the Duck", do you think in the Negaverse a similiar story with Negaduck was occuring? I would have loved more background on the Negaverse, especially how Negaduck ended up adopting "his" Goslyn. I also wonder if Negaverse Launchpad hailed from Nega Duckberg and if he was the pilot to Nega Mr. McD?
Obviously, the creators never intended such deep thought about a "simple kids show" but It's fun to come up with and hear other fans theories and ideas.


text:
Therapists: 1 to 4
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Chronic Relapse Therapists in Montpelier
Verified by Psychology Today
Donnamarie Carey
Counselor, LADC, LCMHC
"Hoping, believing that something better is on the horizon? Thinking about making a change? Whether it's exploring the past, optimizing today, or weighing options for the future, I help people identify and move past barriers and find ways to include more passion, happiness, and joy in their lives.
(802) 431-0084
Verified by Psychology Today
Jim Pugliese
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
"I am Jim Pugliese, licensed mental health counselor based in Barre, Vermont. I offer individual, group, and family counseling for children to adults. I have been serving people since 1989 in a variety of helping relationships and roles, ranging from case management, career counseling, emergency mental health, and psychotherapy. I apply an integrative approach to therapy. I have extensive experience working in emergency mental health services. I work with children, young adults, and teens struggling with behavioral issues. I work with individuals and families struggling with substance abuse. I have worked with many survivors of trauma.
(802) 277-3080
Office is near:Montpelier, Vermont 05602
Verified by Psychology Today
Adam M. Grundt
Psychologist, PhD
"The goal of my practice is to help reduce suffering and to increase capacity for joy, flexibility, and life fulfillment. I individualize my approach to your needs using a mix of different psychological approaches, including cognitive-behavioral, narrative and psychodynamic. I am a Vermont licensed doctoral-level psychologist who trained in health psychology at the Minneapolis VA Hospital, and completed a postdoctoral study in behavioral medicine at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. I worked for many years at the Hazelden Center, a nationally-recognized leader in addiction treatment, and gained additional experience working with adolescents as a high school counselor and wellness teacher.
(802) 357-4168
Office is near:Montpelier, Vermont 05602
Verified by Psychology Today
Creative Clinical Associates Inc.
Treatment Facility
"Creative Clinical Associates Inc. is a small family owned counseling center that works hard to provide a clinically superior experience for clients while using traditional as well as creative approaches to treatment. Lee has expanded his work with couples and often teams up with his wife, Susan to intervene in challenging situations. They have worked together successfully for 10 years and they work with clients flexibly and ethically without the lack of communication that is often associated with multiple providers. Lee also specializes in substance abuse problems, chronic pain management, couples therapy and adolescent acting out. He also enjoys working with men's issues; discussing their unique role in our world. His approach to clinical work is experiential and if possible he will include a cilents' interests into his/her therapy. Susan approaches her work from a Cognitive Behavioral point of view and she specializes in working with eating disorders and relationship difficulties.
(802) 760-7946
We serve:Montpelier, Vermont 05602
No more Chronic Relapse Therapists in Montpelier - try other Therapists below
Broaden search to +10 miles Washington County Vermont - VT
Verified by Psychology Today
Amy L Harris
Psychologist, PsyD
"I believe that psychotherapy assists people in alleviating suffering, relating to others and themselves more flexibly, and increasing their capacity for joy and gratitude. My approach is tailored the needs of individual clients and emphasizes an integrated mix of psychodynamic, interpersonal, existential,and cognitive-behavioral theories and techniques. I am a Vermont licensed doctoral psychologist who trained at the Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Leeds, MA and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at Fletcher Allen Health Care. I also did a year-long internship in college counseling and worked for several years in community mental health.
(802) 371-0090
"At its best, therapy is an opportunity to experience a supportive relationship in which healing and growth are possible. I help clients develop new skills and insight, take creative or emotional risks and honor their best hopes and vision for their life. Most individuals come to therapy because their lives have begun to feel unbearable. They don't recognize themselves or feel out of sync with their goals or values. Others come unsure about what benefit therapy offers, but willing to try. I work holistically, meaning we explore the role your head, heart, body, spirit and community play in wellness.
(802) 348-4079
Montpelier, Vermont 05601
"When we struggle, (or aren't feeling as good as we think we could), we can ask ourselves, "Who causes my suffering?". When we are able to see that it is us, and only us, we have stepped onto the path of personal freedom and profound, positive transformation. I deeply enjoy guiding clients onto, and along this path. We often mistakenly believe that in order to find moments of peace and aliveness, we must struggle to overcome a long list of personal and situational flaws. I help clients to discover the joyful truth: that even in our imperfections, those moments are available to us now.
(802) 778-0483
Verified by Psychology Today
Dianne A Turenne M. A.
Counselor, MA
"Are you overwhelmed and anxious? Are you tired of riding an emotional roller coaster? Do you want to stop the emotional pain but don't know how? I help individuals who've experienced traumatic stress regain confidence and learn how to live life on your terms. I help you develop skills that will enable you to move beyond any experience that has negatively affected your life. Together we will explore self-compassion and what it means to "dare greatly".
(802) 684-0021
"I offer mental health counseling services to address a variety of concerns in an individualized way. Utilizing evidence-based modalities we will work together to develop a path of healing best suited for you. I provide support to invite you to explore various parts of yourself and identify areas in your life you wish to change so that you can experience peace and freedom from suffering.
(802) 318-4723
Verified by Psychology Today
PJ Desrochers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
"I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist in state of Vermont who has been practicing therapy in private practice for the past seven years. I truly love working in therapeutic relationship with people of all ages, abilities, economic status, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, gender expression, and cultural backgrounds. I believe in partnering with you to attune, tend to, and accept all aspects of who you are, how you live, and then some.
(802) 851-5955
Verified by Psychology Today
Jennifer Calder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LICSW
"My work with people varies depending upon the situation and each person's needs. Examples include but aren't limited to: problem solving a specific issue, supporting people through transitions - marital, educational and relational, exploring career choices and needs, reducing and learning ways to cope with anxiety and depression, and understanding how one's past impacts one's present. The guiding principle of my work is to develop a strong therapeutic relationship with clients. It is my belief that the quality of the relationship plays an integral part in successful therapy. My approach is caring, interactive, practical and collaborative.
(802) 323-1872 x1
Verified by Psychology Today
Susannah Blachly
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
"My clinical practice is aimed at addressing a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, spirituality, transition, parenting, behavioral and interpersonal/relationship challenges. I work with both children and adults. My therapeutic orientation when working with adults is an integrated approach of mindfulness cognitive behavioral therapy and insight oriented, psychodynamic therapy. As part of my work with mindfulness I help clients develop greater cognitive, emotional and somatic (body) awareness as a means to healing. I also incorporate elements of expressive arts therapies in working with clients who are interested in and might benefit from a supplementary, arts oriented approach.
(802) 275-5234
Verified by Psychology Today
Yannick Chassereau
Psychologist, MA
"I am a bilingual psychologist Master who enjoys working with individual adults from different backgrounds. I strive to provide a place where you are supported and safe to begin to explore what troubles you. Together, we can explore the past and present to understand and let go of old patterns that hold you back from living a more fulfilling life. At others time, it might be more important to focus on the here and now. In my 10 years practice, I have worked with individuals who struggled with a wide range of issues, depression, anxiety, interpersonal issues, life transition, grief and trauma.
(802) 779-0273
Verified by Psychology Today
Rachel S. Lamagna
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
"I offer counseling to adults and adolescents, individuals or couples. Counseling happens best when there is trust between the client and counselor. I offer a safe and supportive environment so my clients can explore their thoughts and emotions. I strive to help clients help themselves by providing tools to affect change in their lives and to understand the meaning behind feelings and behaviors. Counseling involves the sharing of personal problems, concern, and stories. As a professional, I am committed to helping my clients find resolution or solutions for their particular situations.
(802) 767-2606
Verified by Psychology Today
Rachel E.a. Mueller
Psychologist, PsyD
"As a relationally-focused psychotherapist, I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues. By exploring interpersonal patterns both in the therapeutic relationship and in your life outside therapy, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients' individual needs. I focus on developing understanding of oneself and the deep roots of conflicts that continue to resurface in relationships, work, and elsewhere.
(802) 999-0033
Verified by Psychology Today
Heidi L. Thompson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LCMHC
"I draw on my 25 years in the field of counseling psychology to help you understand yourself better, and find more acceptance and peace. By listening carefully, and by taking a deep interest in your life, I can help you sort out the challenges of being human. I offer a compassionate and non-judgemental environment in which to explore your longings, fears, blind spots and conflicts. I am an active therapist, who looks for your strengths, and helps you uncover inner hidden resources. I also offer practical tools to help you become more resilient, and to develop more satisfying relationships.
(802) 245-3666
Verified by Psychology Today
Brooke White
Psychologist, PhD
"I provide psychological services to address a wide variety of concerns, challenges and transitions. I use approaches that have been scientifically shown to be effective. I view the therapeutic process as a partnership between myself and the client. My approach is adjusted to meet the unique needs of each individual client, and I seek to provide an open, supportive forum in which to explore your life and reach your personal goals. With my support you can identify the areas of your life that are not working and make a plan to create growth, change and improvement, allowing you to live the life you desire.
(802) 448-1487
Verified by Psychology Today
Michael Checkoff
Psychologist, EdD
"As a mature professional, with many years of practice and supervising others in diverse settings, I deeply understand the myriad types of dilemmas that can strike us as we continue to carry on our lives. Because emotional difficulties that befall us are not as visible as physical ones does not mean they are any less painful. I'm aware that we often need help in overcoming or at least in having them not interfere with our functioning and ability to find contentment in our lives.
(802) 221-4812
Verified by Psychology Today
Kathryn M Rickard
Psychologist, PsyD
"All people have a drive to learn about themselves, and when ill, to understand the personal meanings of their illness. I believe that all people, when given support, help, and knowledge of the mind, can heal. And I believe that most people can understand, with help, how unconscious conflicts cause illness, and that this understanding, and only this understanding, can sustain well-being.
(802) 546-0251
Verified by Psychology Today
Todd Maxfield
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
"My clinical experience includes assessment and therapy services to children, adolescents and families. While I feel my approach in treatment emphasizes cognitive-behavioral/rational emotive behavioral therapy, I adjust to meet the needs of the client.
(802) 490-1546
Therapists: 1 to 4
Not enough Chronic Relapse Therapists to choose from?
Try expanding your search for Therapists in Montpelier to a larger area (e.g. Washington County, Vermont)
Chronic Relapse Therapists
Relapse is a part of the recovery process. And sometimes part of recovery from drugs or alcohol relapse may involve repeated relapses or 'chronic relapse'. The repeated return to an addictive behavior may in the end result in recovery. Chronic relapse need not be an indication of failure: Rather a part of the recovery process.
If you're looking for help with relapse in Montpelier or for Montpelier relapse counseling these Therapists provide relapse treatment in Montpelier. Relapses are deceptive: they begin small and then take a hold so that behaviors as common as smoking can lead to the chronic relapse of other addictive behaviors. Professional help can be vital. These professionals include relapse Therapists, relapse psychologists and relapse counselors in Montpelier. Therapists can help addicts with alcohol relapse, drug relapses, and less understood relapses like gambling, internet relapse and sex relapse.
For substance abuse, the professionals have experience helping individuals with cocaine relapse, marijuana relapse, methamphetamines ('meths' relapse), opiate relapse and heroine relapse. A Therapist can provide Montpelier relapse counseling, relapse intervention, relapse support, referrals to relapse support groups in Montpelier, detox, rehab or relapse treatment centers and Montpelier 12 step programs.
How can I tell if a therapist is right for me?
Therapists in Montpelier have broad skills and are able to work with a wide range of issues.
For example, if you're seeking a marriage counselor in Montpelier you'll find that most therapists are trained in marriage counseling or couples counseling in Montpelier and couples therapy. And they welcome families for family counseling in Montpelier or family therapy in Montpelier.


text:
Music Lyrics
Bass and Guitar Tabs
and More...
Time: 2:28
Sliding out of reverse into drive.
This wheel will be turning right, then straight.
Off in the sunset she'll ride.
She can remember a time, denied.
Stood by the side of the road.
Spilled like wine
Now she's out on. Out on her own and line high.
There's no leaving here.
Ask I'm an ear.
She's disappeared, now. Oh...
They said that timing was everything.
Made him want to be everywhere.
There's a lot to be said for nowhere.
There's no leaving here.
Ask I'm an ear.
He's disappeared now.
There's no leaving here.
Ask I'm an ear.
Fuck it. We'll disappear, now. Oh.
Click here to return to my Pearl Jam lyrics page
The lyrics are Copyright their respective owners.
Website © 2000-2014 mattsmusicpage.com. All rights reserved.
Legal & DMCA: Matt's Music Page has been providing lyrics and tabs in a legal way, paying royalties each year to a few organizations. Then, all lyrics and tabs were removed from the site. Now, there's a new owner to the site, which purchased it August 26, 2014, and he is in negotiation to obtain licensing from BMI at the moment. If you have a specific DMCA request -- please do not hesitate to contact me via the contact button on top. I will do my very best to keep this site fully legal.
Rolling Stones Voodoo Lounge World Tour T-Shirt Large
Zippo ZO28630 Rolling Stones Black Matte Measures 2 1/4" x 1 7/16". Features win
Carlton Cards Heirloom: The Rolling Stones "Satisfaction" Christmas Ornament
Rolling Stones - Zippo Lighter Brand New
The Rolling Stones Print 8x10


text:
Water Stocks Rise in London as Regulator Proposes a 3.85% Return
Jan. 27 (Bloomberg) -- The two largest publicly traded U.K. water companies were the leading gainers on the Stoxx 600 Utilities Index today after the Ofwat water regulator proposed an allowed return for the next review period of 3.85 percent.
United Utilities Group Plc climbed 1.9 percent to close at 713.50 pence in London as Severn Trent Plc rose 1.3 percent to 1,700 pence. Pennon Group Plc was almost unchanged at 678 pence after Ofwat proposed regulated returns for the 2015-2020 period lower than that sought by water companies.
Announcement of final results for allowed wholesale water revenue by April 4 "is likely to be nearer the regulators' figure," Bloomberg Industries analyst Chris Rogers wrote. Higher U.K. rates had been rejected by Ofwat as excessive, with Chief Regulation Officer Sonia Brown saying Nov. 13 that water companies should be looking for a number "to start with a 3."
Link to Company News:{SVT LN <Equity> CN <GO>} Link to Company News:{UU/ LN <Equity> CN <GO>} Link to Company News:{PNN LN <Equity> CN <GO>}
To contact the reporter on this story: Randall Hackley in London at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Randall Hackley at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Is this a computer chess set? I need a set with high levels that allows me to play at my own pace.
Lined up for a battle of the mind, sheesham and kadam wood chess set pieces carry out the players' strategies. Khyali Ram handcrafts this chess set board to fold as a velvet-lined box to store the pieces.
ITEM#: 14335013This handmade creation is offered in partnership with NOVICA, in association with National Geographic.
Lined up for a battle of the mind, sheesham and kadam wood chess set pieces carry out the players' strategies. Khyali Ram handcrafts this chess set board to fold as a velvet-lined box to store the pieces.
Product Features:
- Chess set
- Travel size
- Size (folded): 1.6 inches high x 6.9 inches long x 3.5 inches wide
- Measurements of board: 0.8 inches high x 6.9 inches long x 6.9 inches wide
- Size of King and Queen:1.2 inches high x 0.4 inches diameter
- Materials: Sheesham wood, kadam wood
- Weight: 260 grams
Story Behind the Art:
Khyali Ram says, 'After high school, I moved to Punjab where one of my brothers was working, and got a job in a handicraft enterprise. I had the opportunity to learn the various techniques for crafting chess sets. When the factory closed, I teamed up with my brother-in-law and we started a small workshop with money our family and relatives lent us. We specialize only in games and create a huge variety of them.'
What is Worldstock?
The handcrafted touch of artisan skill creates variations in color, size and design. If buying two of the same item, slight differences should be expected. Note: Color discrepancies may occur between this product and your computer screen.
Please allow 10 business days for the product to leave our warehouse and to receive tracking information. You should expect to receive this item within 15 business days.
|Worldstock Country
|Closed: 1.6 inches high x 6.9 inches long x 3.5 inches wide; Open: 6.9 inches H x 6.9 inches W x 0.8 inches D
|Sheesham wood and kadam wood
|Model Number
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smaller than i thought
returned item for refund, and item was refunded in a timely mannerRead More
Questions & Answers
Hello Alexander, this is not a computer chess set. I hope this helps. Have a great day!
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Top Puzzles and Games for Christmas
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text:
A terminal assembly is provided for use with a small size connector. The terminal assembly includes a plurality of terminals, arranged in pairs on a lead frame and a dielectric frame is molded over the terminal set. The terminals have an L-shape so that their contact portions extend out along one side of the frame and their tail portions extend along another adjacent side of the frame. Clip members are disposed on the frame one side between the sets of terminal contact portions and the clip members engage an opposing shoulder of a connector housing to assist in maintaining the terminal assemblies in place within the connector housing.
1. A terminal assembly for use with an electrical connector, comprising:
a plurality of conductive signal terminals, arranged in two pairs of terminals, each of said terminals including tail portions for connection to a circuit board, contact portions for mating with an opposing device and body portions interconnecting the tail and contact portions together, the body portions defining signal paths for said terminals between said tail and contact portions;
an insulative support supporting said terminals, the support including a skeletal framework having a plurality of openings formed therein along the signal paths of said terminals and exposing portions of said terminals to air, said terminal contact portions of said terminals being disposed along a first edge of said support, said two pairs of terminal being spaced apart from each other along the support first edge; and,
a housing engagement member that extends forwardly of said support first edge for engaging a connector housing, the housing engagement member being disposed along said support first edge between said terminal contact portions of said terminal two pairs.
2. The terminal assembly of
3. The terminal assembly of
4. The terminal assembly of
5. The terminal assembly of
6. The terminal assembly of
7. The terminal assembly of
8. The terminal assembly of
9. The terminal assembly of
10. The terminal assembly of
11. A differential signal connector for transferring a plurality of differential signals between electronic components, comprising:
a connector housing, the housing having a plurality of sides, and a mating face and a mounting face disposed on distinct sides of the housing, said housing further including a hollow interior portion that is open to a rear side of said housing, and said housing further including a pair of slots for receiving mating ends of two circuit cards projecting from electronic devices, the slots being vertically spaced apart from each other along a front side of said housing, said housing;
a plurality of terminal assemblies disposed in the housing hollow interior, the terminal assemblies supporting a plurality of conductive signal terminals, each terminal including contact and tail portions that project past respective first and second edges of said terminal assemblies, the terminal contact portions being received within terminal receiving cavities disposed in said housing, the terminal receiving cavities flanking said housing slots, each of the terminal assemblies including an insulative frame supporting said terminals, said terminals further including body portion interconnecting said contact and tail portions together, said frame maintaining said terminal body portions apart from each other in a preselected spacing apart throughout said frame, pairs of said terminal contact portions being vertically spaced along said terminal assembly first edges, and said terminal assemblies each including means for engaging the interior of said housing, the housing engagement means being disposed along said terminal assemblies first edges, between pairs of said terminal contact portions.
12. The connector of
13. The connector of
14. The connector of
15. The connector of
16. The connector of
17. The connector of
This application claims priority of prior U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Nos. 60/584,424, filed Jun. 30, 2004 and 60/584,420, also filed Jun. 30, 2004.
This invention relates to electrical connector assemblies and, more particularly, to an small sized electrical connectors having a stacked arrangement.
Electrical connectors adapted for mounting to printed circuit boards are known in the art and are commonly used for connection between two electrical communication devices. In order to ensure that a proper connection has been made and therefore a link is created between the electrical communication devices, indicators may be incorporated into circuits on the printed circuit board. These indicators are typically light emitting diodes (LEDs). which are turned on when a circuit is completed between the mating connectors and the communication devices. Additionally LEDs can be mounted on the printed circuit board to indicate a number of other conditions including the passage of communications signals between the two communication devices, indication of power, or indication that an error in transmitting the signals has occurred.
A problem arises with these type of connectors because the terminals of the connector are usually stitched in from the rear of the connector. Stitched connector typically require a means to align the tails of the connector terminals to facilitate the insertion of the connector onto a circuit board. The use of tail aligners increase the overall size of the connector, thereby increasing the printed circuit board "real estate" occupied by the connector.
Small size connectors must usually be inserted into an exterior shielding cage by way of a bottom opening. When a dual connector of a stacked arrangement, i.e., one which is intended to mate with two electronic modules in a vertically spaced arrangement, is desired, such a connector cannot be practically inserted into a shielding cage by way of a bottom opening because of the intervening horizontal wall of the shielding cage.
The present invention is therefore directed to a terminal assembly for a connector having a construction that overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages and which engages a shielding cage intended to provide electromagnetic interference shielding around electronic modules that engage the connector.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a small form factor circuit board connector in a stacked configuration having engagement faces thereof spaced vertically apart.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a dual engagement connector component that is engageable with a light pipe assembly, the dual engagement connector component having two engagement areas vertically spaced apart from each other on the component and which are each surrounded by a metal shield component, the shield component defining two distinct module-receiving bays which are separated by an intervening space, the light pipe assembly extending from the connector component forwardly through the intervening space to provide at least a pair of indicator lights near the front of the module-receiving bays, the light pipe assembly engaging the sides or front of the connector component.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a connector for use with a shielded assembly having two bays, the connector having two engagement slots that receive edges of circuit cards that are associated with electronic modules, the connector having a plurality of terminal assemblies, each of which holds a plurality of conductive terminals in a selected arrangement, the terminals being housed in an insulative skeletal frame.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a connector having a small form factor and dual card engagement slots spaced apart vertically in a housing of the connector, the connector housing having at least one slot formed on a front face thereof for receiving engagement members of a shielding assembly.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a terminal assembly for the aforementioned connectors, wherein the terminal assemblies each include an insulative frame that houses a plurality of conductive terminals, and the frame includes an engagement member that extends forwardly from the frame and engages a ledge of the housing to assist in orienting the terminal assembly in the connector cavity.
The present invention accomplishes these and other object by way of its structure. A connector housing is provided with an internal cavity formed therein that opens to the rear of the connector housing. This cavity accommodates a plurality of individual terminal assemblies. Each terminal assembly includes a dielectric frame that supports a plurality of conductive terminals. The terminals each have a right-angle configuration, with tail portions of the compliant pin style preferably disposed along one edge of the frame and with individual contact portions disposed along another and preferably adjacent edge of the terminal assembly frame.
These terminal assemblies are inserted into the cavity of the connector housing from its rear face so that the contact portions thereof are received within terminal-receiving cavities formed in the connector housing. The terminal assemblies also preferably include engagement members which may take the form of clips disposed along the same edge as the contact portions. These clips engage a shoulder formed in the connector housing within the connector cavity.
The internal cavity of the connector housing accommodates the terminal assemblies as a block. A shoulder member is provided therein for the terminal assemblies to engage and maintain their orientation within the housing. The front face of the connector housing may be provided with slots or cavities disposed between the two card engagement slots. These other slots receive corresponding opposing engagement members, preferably in the form of tabs, that extend from a portion of an exterior shielding assembly and which portion provides an intervening shielding wall of an associated shielding assembly that divides the assembly into two distinct module-receiving bays. These slots are preferably positioned outside of the openings into which the light pipe engagement members are inserted.
The front of the connector component may have one or more engagement slots of cavities formed therein which engage a light pipe assembly. By this frontal engagement, the sides of the connector housing need not be modified to engage the light pipes in any fashion, so as to maintain the reduced size of the connector component. The light pipe assembly may include hooks that are integrally formed with the light pipes as a preferable means of attachment. The light pipe assembly may utilize distinct first and second pairs of light pipes, and each such pair may utilizes its own set of engagement hooks for engaging the connector component in the manner described above.
The contact portions that project along one edge of the terminal assemblies have insulative portions disposed between them, preferably to maintain their spacing and these spacer portions have offset edges that project outwardly and transverse to the contact portion so that they serve to interlock with each other and maintain the contact portions aligned laterally through the group of terminal assemblies. Openings are formed in the skeletal framework of the assemblies and these openings define air channels that follow the path of the terminals to provide an air interface between lateral sets of terminals. The channels include cross bars for strength and these are offset as between adjacent terminal assemblies so that a complete air path is established for each pair of terminals, rather than an interrupted one.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be clearly understood through a consideration of the following detailed description
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the following figures of which:
A connector assembly 10 of the present invention will now be described generally with reference to
Upper and lower ports 14, 16 each have a plurality of conductive terminals 21 mounted therein for engaging complementary terminals of a mating connector (not shown). To permit space for latching mechanisms for releasably securing connector assembly 10 in a mated condition with a complementary mating connector, a cavity 18 may be formed between upper port 16 and lower port 14 of connector housing 12. Recesses 20 may be formed in side portions of housing 12, for purposes to be described below. Recesses 14 may be in communication with housing cavity 18.
Connector housing 12 may be molded from an insulative, thermoplastic material. The terminals are mounted in the upper port 16 and the lower port 14 and each terminal has contact portions at an end thereof (not shown) for engaging complementary contact portions of the terminals of the mating connector, and tail portions 22 projecting rearwardly from the contact portions and extending downwardly toward printed circuit board 11 for electrical connection to respective traces thereon via through holes formed in (or surface mount pads formed on a surface of) printed circuit board 11. A tail aligner 24 may be attached to connector housing 12 using any one of a variety of known methods, such as a snap-fit, press-fit or mechanical fasteners. The tail aligner 24 includes a plurality of through holes 26 formed therein and which are configured to match the arrangement of terminal tail portions 22 extending downward toward printed circuit board 11. The tail aligner 24 is mounted onto tail portions 22 of the terminals in the direction of arrow "A" (
A pair of shielding cage assemblies 28, 30 are secured to connector housing 12, with the cage assemblies including a lower cage assembly 28 that is secured to housing 12 to substantially enclose lower port 14 thereof, and an upper cage assembly 30 that is secured to the housing 12 to substantially enclose the upper port 16 thereof. The cage assemblies 28, 30 are typically formed using a material, such as sheet metal or plated plastic, which conducts and guides magnetic and electric field energy so as to aid in shielding circuit elements positioned proximate connector assembly 10 from electromagnetic interference (EMI).
The lower cage assembly 28 typically includes two interengaging pieces, a lower base component 32 and a lower cover component 34. The lower base component 32 has a general U-shaped configuration when viewed from the front or rear ends, 36, 38 respectively. As such, the lower base component 32 typically includes three sides, or walls: a base or bottom wall 40 and two sidewalls 42, 44 that extend upwardly from the bottom wall 40 and which are spaced apart from each other to define a channel 46 therebetween, into which a portion of the connector housing 12 fits. As seen in
The lower base component 32 is stamped and formed from metal. The lower base component 32 may alternatively be formed using other conductive materials, such as metal-plated plastic or the like. Lower cover component 34 may also be formed is a similar manner. Generally, the cover component 34 has a length that matches a corresponding length of lower base component 32, and a width that is equal to or slightly greater than a corresponding width of the lower base component 32. The lower cover component 34 is bent, into a general U-shaped configuration when looking at it from its front end 50. In this fashion, it includes top wall 52 and two spaced-apart side walls 54, 56. Lower base component 32 and lower cover component 34 interengage along respective sidewalls thereof the form an enclosure for at least partially enclosing lower housing Port 14 of connector housing therein. As seen in
The structure of upper cage assembly 30 is similar to that of lower cage assembly 28 and it includes two interengaging pieces: an upper base component 58 and an upper cover component 60. The upper base component 58 has a bottom wall 62 and two spaced-apart sidewalls 64, 66. The upper cover component 60 has a top wall 72 and two spaced apart sidewalls 74, 76. These sidewalls 74 and 76 interengage the upper base component as shown in order to form an enclosure similar to that formed by lower cage assembly 28, for at least partially enclosing an upper housing port 16 of the connector housing 12. In addition, sidewalls 74, 76 of upper cover component 60 also extend toward printed circuit board 11 to substantially enclose side portions of both upper cage assembly 30 and lower cage assembly 28.
The lower base component 32 may be provided with mounting pin portions 48 that are stamped out of the bottom wall 40 thereof and which are formed, or bent, so that they extend vertically with respect to the lower base bottom wall 40, and generally in the same plane as the sidewalls 42, 44. The mounting pin portions 48 are formed in a desired pattern to engage and mate with corresponding mounting holes on printed circuit board 11. Similar mounting pin portions 80 may be formed to extend along lower edges of extended sidewalls 74, 76 of the cover member 60 to engage mounting holes in printed circuit board 11. Connector assembly 10 also includes a separate rear wall 78 that is attachable to the upper and lower cage assemblies 28, 30. The rear wall 78 forms an enclosure surrounding the terminal tail portions 22, tail aligner 24 and the rear portion of connector housing 12 when attached to cage assemblies 28, 30, and the rear wall 78 includes mounting pin portions 80 extending from its bottom and extending vertically. The pin portions 80 engage mounting holes on printed circuit board 11.
Referring to
Portions of light pipes 84 may be affixed to one or more support members 92. Support members 92 provide a framework for positioning and securing light pipes 84 with respect to each other and with respect to cage assemblies 28, 30. Thus, portions of support members 92 may be formed so as to enable engagement with features on one of cage assemblies 28, 30. Support members 92 may be formed integral with light pipes 84. When the light pipe assembly 82 is mounted to cage assemblies 28, 30, input faces 86 of each light pipe 84 will be positioned so as to reside opposite a respective light source such as an LED on the circuit board 11.
As shown in
The shapes of light pipes 84 a and the dimensions and positioning of support members 92 a may be chosen to convey light between light emitting elements and light receiving sensors having a wide variety of locations in relation to connector assembly 10. For example, as seen in
Referring to
The light pipe assembly 82 b may extend along a portion of tail aligner 24, behind connector housing 12 and the light pipe assembly 82 b may be secured to the connector housing 12 such that light pipe input faces 86 b reside opposite respective LED's mounted on printed circuit board 11 and light pipe output faces 88 b reside opposite respective light receiving sensors (not shown) mounted on a separate item of electronic equipment. Body portions 90 b are formed so as to connect input faces 86 b and output faces 88 b for conveying light from LED's to the light receiving sensors located proximate output faces 88 b.
As may be seen in
Referring to
A support member 92 b may be positioned between body straight sections 106 b proximate angled 104 b to position and secure the light pipe straight sections 106 b with respect to each other and with respect to connector housing 12. The width of support member 106 b may be set to provide and maintain a desired predetermined spacing-between straight sections 106 b. Also, the length of support member 92 b may be set to provide a press fit between upper cage base component 58 and lower cage cover component 34 when light pipe assembly 82 b is inserted into the cavity 18 formed between the upper port 16 and lower port 14 of the connector housing. The support member 92 b may also be plated with a metallic material to form a conductive member extending between upper cage assembly base component 58 and lower cage assembly cover component 34. This provides additional grounding contact between cage assemblies 28 and 30.
Assembly of the connector assembly 10 of
The rear wall 78 of the cage assembly is then attached to the shielding cage assembly over the upper and lower assemblies 30, 28 and the upper cover component 60 to enclose terminal tail portions 22, tail aligner 24 and to close off the rear portion of connector housing 12. The rear wall 78 is generally secured in intimate contact with one or more walls of each of upper cage assembly base component 58, upper cage assembly cover component 60, lower cage assembly base component 32 and lower cage assembly cover component 34. As stated previously, mounting pin portions 80 may also be formed on the shielding cage rear wall 78 in a desired pattern to engage and mate with corresponding mounting holes on the circuit board 11. These holes may be plated through holes which are electrically coupled to circuit traces on printed circuit board 11. These circuit traces are connected to one or more grounding features, thereby providing a grounding path for electromagnetic energy flowing through cage assemblies 28 and 30. After securing rear wall 78 to upper and lower cage assemblies 28 and 30, the connector assembly 10 may be electrically attached as a single unit to the printed circuit board 11.
Assembly of the second embodiment of connector assembly 12 will now be described with reference to
The rear wall 78 may then attached to cage assemblies 28, 30 to enclose terminal tail portions, tail aligner 24 and the rear portion of connector housing 12 as described above. After securing rear wall 78 to upper and lower cage assemblies 30 and 28, connector assembly 10 may be electrically attached to printed circuit board 11.
The light pipe assembly 200 includes two pairs 210 of light pipes 212 that extend forwardly of the connector 201 along the sides of the connector housing 205 and into the intervening space 223 between the two bays. The light pipes 212 are generally L-shaped and have first ends 214 (
The end cap 216 is received within (as are the horizontal portions of the light pipes 215) the intervening space 223 that separates the two bays 221. The end cap 216 may include indicia 217 that identify the function of the connector 200, i.e., whether the modules are connected to the connector or whether the modules are energized or the like. As shown best in
As shown best in
As shown best in
Similar to the other embodiments, the two light pipes 331 of each array 336 a, 336 b are held together in their spacing by a support or tie bar 337 a, 337 b which extends horizontally somewhat above the light pipes 331 of the first array 336 a and somewhat underneath the light pipes 331 of the second array 336 b. The light pipes are generally L-shaped and have opposing ends 338, 339, with one end 338 being positioned over or on a illuminator device 345 disposed in the circuit board 302 near the sides of the connector 320. With the support bars 337 a, 337 b of the light pipe arrays 336 a,b being inverted, it is possible to place the first array 336 a of pipes on and within the second array 336 b of pipes. The support bars 337 b of the second light pipe array 336 b in effect, define a "nest" into which the horizontal extent of the first light pipe array 336 a are received. This nesting is shown best in
The rearmost support bars 337 a, 337 b of each of the light pipe arrays 336 a, b include means for engaging the connector 320 and such means are illustrated as pairs of engagement hooks 339 that extend rearwardly from their support bars 337 a, 337 b. These hooks 339A are received within recesses 340 that are formed in the connector housing 321 and which, as shown best in
The offset nature of the support bars 337, 338 a,b also facilitates the fitting of the light pipes into the intervening space 306 between the top and bottom bays 305 by reducing the overall height of the horizontal extent of the light pipe arrays 336 a,b. The end cap 304 may include slots 344 that are formed on the top and bottom surfaces thereof receive stubs 346 formed on the intervening walls of the shielding assembly 301.
The housing internal cavity 511 houses a plurality of terminal assemblies 520, one of which is illustrated best in
The terminals 521 are initially supported in a lead frame and then are inserted into a mold where the terminals 521 are separated from the lead frame as is known in the art, and a supporting dielectric frame 522 is molded over portions of the terminals 521, such as by over molding. The dielectric frame 522 provides a measure of thickness to the terminal assembly 520 and defines a body portion of the assembly. The terminals are trimmed into separate terminals by a process known in the art. The terminals are preferably arranged in an inverted-L configuration as shown so as to maintain the depth of the connector at an optimum amount and so as to accommodate the clips 535.
The terminal assembly 520 preferably has a generally square or rectangular configuration, as shown, with four distinct sides. The terminals 521, as shown best in
The openings 528 are offset from each other on the opposite sides of the terminal assembly 520. This is best illustrated in
The rear edge, or side 5280 of the terminal assemblies 520 may include notches 530, or other suitable openings which may receive a transverse alignment bar (not shown) for maintaining the rear sides 5280 of the terminal assemblies 520 together in alignment as a single group. The plastic frame 522 of the assemblies also includes support portions 532 associated with each pair 531 of terminals 521. These support portions 532 provide not only a base in which to embed the terminal contact portions 523 and space them apart in the offset manner shown in
Preferably, the connectors of the present invention utilize differential signaling in their operation and the differential pairs of terminals utilize broadside capacitive coupling rather then edge coupling. As such, the differential signal pairs of terminals are arranged in a row along the upper and lower terminals 521 a, 521 b. Four such differential signal terminal pairs are illustrated in
In another important aspect of the invention, and as best illustrated in
The terminal contact portions 523 likewise may be received within corresponding terminal-receiving slots 542 that are formed in the connector housing 502 and which are typically disposed on opposite sides (top and bottom) of the card-receiving slots 505. (
Turning now to
An additional set of openings 550 (
The base portion 508 of the connector housing 502 has an opening that communicates with the internal cavity 511 of the housing 502. This permits the bottom edges 526 of the terminal assemblies 520 to lie flat on the surface of the circuit board, if desired and as shown best in
While the preferred embodiment of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims
Referenced by
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In summer 2013 the clinical law program plans to hire a number of law students to work in the various clinics in the Kane Center. Positions will be open for the following clinics:
Judge Amy St. Eve has given Clinical Prof.
Yesterday, Clinical Professor of Law and Director of the Civil Rights and Director of the Mandel Clinic's Civil Rights and Police Accountability Project Craig Futterman, along with Northwestern's Locke Bowman, filed a motion opposing the City of Chicago's attempt
Craig Futterman, Clinical Professor of Law and Director of the Mandel Clinic's Civil Rights and Police Accountability Project, has been a popular source for commentary in the media on the recent verdict in a civil suit in which the Chicago Police Department was found guilt
A recent series of investigative reports in the Galesburg Register-Mail on the Illinois Drug Asset Forfeiture Procedure Act featured a number of quotes from Clinical Professor Craig Futterman, director of the Civil Rights and Police Accountability Project, and one disc
This introduction to the Law School clinical programs was recorded on May 17, 2012. It included representatives from the following clinics:
The Civil Rights and Police Accountability Clinic was singled out for praise from the presiding judge in a recent case involving what process was due when police seized a suspect's car in connection with the arrest of a criminal suspect. After six years of intense wrangling, with litigation before the Federal District Court,
*Third year student Kelly Graf took an excellent deposition of a sitting judge, a former high level prosecutor who uncovered a pattern of criminal misconduct by an elite team of Chicago police officers who abused our clients, a family, as a part of the officers' larger practice of abuse. Kelly's preparation, research, and mooting with her fellow students contributed
In Chicago's clinics, students put their classroom knowledge to practical use in the areas of environmental law, domestic violence, entrepreneurialism, and much more.
Even before they are admitted to the bar, students at the University of Chicago Law School can put their developing expertise to work and actually practice law in one of our many clinics. Our clinical programs are both broad and deep, offering students experience in criminal and civil law, in public service and the private sector, in litigation and transactional work and advocacy.
The Chicago Police Department is refusing to make any inquiries into a somewhat strange police video obtained by WBEZ several months ago. The footage shows a police blue light camera seemingly being diverted from an area where officers are rushing in to make arrests. WBEZ's Rob Wildeboer reports on Eight Forty-Eight Wednsedsay morning, and Professor Craig Futterman
Direct link to .mp3 of interview: http://llnw.wbez.org/120509%20seg%20a.mp3
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