text:
A shift-keyed modulator utilizes a lookup table (41) to provide a binary sequence of digits one at a time. Since the binary digits are selected so that their accumulation represents the amplitudes of a series of points on a theoretical sinusoidal wave, a low-pass filter (51) acting as an integrator is able to provide a sinusoidal wave signal. Furthermore, the low-pass filter includes gates that operate in push-pull fashion to form a balanced configuration for cancelling even ordered harmonic distortion. The modulator has a rate multiplier (11) responsive to space/mark signaling for controlling the rate the the binary digits are produced by the lookup table. A second group of binary digits is stored in the lookup table and is read out concurrently with the first sequence. Alternate pairs of gates (52 and 53 or 54 and 55) are enabled in the low-pass filter to provide binary data signals for either of the frequency bands used in duplex data signaling circuits.
1. A modulator for generating frequency shift signals representing binary data signals wherein the carrier portion of the binary data signals is derived from stored binary digits produced in a sequence in response to a pulse train, the modulator is characterized by lookup table means (41) for defining a binary digit sequence having an accumulation representing the amplitudes of a series of points on a theoretical sinusoidal wave, the lookup table means is further arranged to generate each binary digit and its complement in response to the occurrence of each pulse in the pulse train; and
output driver means (51) connected to receive the binary digit and their complements from the lookup table means, the output driver means including an output transformer (67) having a center tapped primary, each of the two portions of the primary being driven by one of a first pair of single ended buffers to provide a balanced arrangement (52 and 53) responsive to each binary digit and its complement, and low-pass filtering means (58-66) disposed between each of the two single ended buffers and the primary of the output transformer to provide a sinusoidal wave output at the secondary of the output transformer directly from the binary digit sequence.
2. A modulator in accordance with claim 1 further comprising clocking means having a data terminal connected to receive space/mark signaling, the clocking means producing the pulse train and changing the pulse rate in accordance with the space/mark signaling, and the lookup table means producing the binary digits of the sequence at the same rate as the pulse rate of the clocking means to produce the frequency shifts at the output of the modulator to provide binary data signals representing the space/mark signaling.
3. A modulator in accordance with claim 2 wherein the binary signals are in a first frequency band, the lookup table means is further arranged to generate a second binary digit sequence for a second frequency band concurrently with said first binary digit sequence, and said output driver means includes another pair of single ended buffers connected in a balanced arrangement connected to receive the second binary sequence and both of the pairs of buffers are arranged to work alternately so that the output of the modulator corresponds to either the first or second frequency band to provide duplex capability in the modulator.
4. A modulator in accordance with claim 3 wherein the lookup table means further includes register means for strobing each binary digit output in the binary digit sequence in response to each pulse rate from the clocking means in order to produce each binary digit and its complement when the output of the lookup table means is stabilized.
5. A modulator in accordance with claim 4 wherein the low-pass filter means comprises a plurality of resistive means each having interim taps and a plurality of capacitive means, the resistive means are disposed between each of the single ended buffers and a portion of the tapped primary and the interim taps of one of the resistive means are coupled by the capacitive means to the interim taps of the other resistive means to provide the low-pass filtering function.
6. A modulator in accordance with claim 5 wherein the low-pass filtering means includes three sections each having a time constant whose value is a multiple of the duration of one of the binary digits produced by the lookup table means.
This invention relates to data communication systems and, more particularly, to digital frequency-shift-keyed modulators for providing sinusoidal wave output signals of different frequency indicative of the occurrence of marks and spaces in a data signal.
The impact of computer proliferation and distributed intelligent systems has increased the amount and availability of information or data to be processed, stored, and transmitted. A convenient technique for transmitting data involves modulators for converting data signals into voice frequency tones for transmission over ordinary telephone lines. Numerous frequency-shift-keyed modulators of both the analog and digital variety have been devised by those skilled in the art as one means of implementing this technique.
Since the anticipated demand of such modulators will increase with time, it would be highly desirable to have designs compatible with the new large scale integration logic technologies in terms of fabrication and powering requirements. In addition, such a modulator should also be relatively inexpensive to manufacture as well as meeting the signaling requirements for suppression of out-of-band tones (e.g., harmonics). Furthermore, such a modulator should provide a smooth transition, called quasi-continuous, when shifting from a mark frequency to a space frequency tone and vice versa.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a relatively inexpensive and simple frequency-shift-keyed modulator and, in particular, for accomplishing these aims, to provide a frequency-shift-keyed modulator which is principally digital in construction and function.
A related object of the invention is to provide a frequency-shift-keyed modulator which produces a sinusoidal output signal by directly low-pass filtering a sequence of binary digits and therefore obviates the digital-to-analog converter employed in conventional frequency-shift-keyed modulators.
A further object of the invention is to provide a balanced loss-pass filtering arrangement for inherently and conveniently eliminating even ordered harmonic frequency components by cancellation or destructive interference.
The invention takes the form of a lookup table for storing binary digits capable of being obtained in a sequence for driving a balanced buffer coupled to an output transformer through a balanced low-pass filter. An accumulation of the binary digits represents the amplitudes of a series of points on a theoretical sinusoidal wave to enable the low-pass filter which functions as an integrator to provide a sinusoidal wave directly from the binary digit sequence thereby obviating a digital-to-analog converter. The balanced configuration of the low-pass filter also serves to eliminate even ordered harmonic frequency components even though it is operated nonlinearly.
In some of the further aspects of the invention, a register is disposed between the lookup table and the balanced buffer, so that the output of the table is strobed after its output is stabilized. The low-pass filter comprises dual tapped load resistors whose taps are capacitively bridged between the resistors to form a ladder network. Furthermore, two binary digit sequences are produced by the lookup table to provide two frequency bands, one for each direction of transmission in duplex system. The bit sequence is obtained from the lookup table at different rates by a counter/rate multiplier responsive to a mark/space input data signal.
These and other objects and features of the invention will be more readily appreciated and better understood by reference to the following detailed description which should be considered in combination with the accompanying drawing.
FIG. 1 discloses, in schematic form, an illustrative digital frequency-shift-keyed modulator which embodies the principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates the high-band binary digit sequence provided by the lookup table of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 represents the response of one section of low-pass filtering to the bit sequence of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates the smooth sinusoidal wave output of the filter produced by the bit sequence of FIG. 2.
FIG. 1 includes three basic components: multiplier 11, lookup table 41 complete with an associated address sequencer, and low-pass filter 51 which includes alternate pairs of gates/buffers. One input to the modulator selects either the high-band or low-band frequencies to provide duplex operational capability. The other input is the "send data" to provide the slight frequency shift used to indicate mark/space signaling for either frequency band. Rate multiplier 11 includes a logic frequency dividing arrangement triggered by the output of crystal controlled oscillator 12 and responsive to the "send data" signal. The output of multiplier 11 drives the address sequencer portion of lookup table 41 which includes ripple counters 42 and 43 which address read-only memory (ROM) 44. The signal from multiplier 11 also clocks D-type flip-flops 46 which strobe the output of ROM 44 when it is stabilized.
In this arrangement, ROM 44 actually has prestored in it two separate bit sequences. One is for the high-band frequency, and the other is for the low-band. Furthermore, the two sequences are concurrently read out. The high-band sequence is selected when gates 52 and 53 of filter 51 are enabled by the presence of a logical "1" level signal at the high-band/low-band input of the modulator. The low-band sequence is selected when gates 54 and 55 are enabled. The presence of a logical "0" level signal at the same input is changed to a logical "1" level by inverter 40 for enabling the low-band gates 54 and 55. Each gate pair is connected to a matched set of complementary outputs from a section of flip-flops 46. The operation of either gate pair provides a balanced driving buffer for the three section lowpass filter ladder network of filter 51.
Gates 52-55 are of the open collector type. Accordingly serially connected resistors 58-60 serve as a tapped load resistor for either gate 52 or 54 while resistors 61-63 serve as the load resistor for either gate 53 or 55. Capacitors 64-66, in this numerical order, complete each of the respective three sections of the ladder network. The center tapped primary of output transformer 67 completes the collector circuit for gates 52-55 while its secondary provides a highly acceptable sinusoidal output that is impedance matched, e.g., 600 ohms, for directly driving standard telephone lines.
Although FIG. 1 illustrates the particular arrangement which was used to provide the rate multiplication sequential addressing of ROM 44, it is to be clearly understood that those skilled in the art may readily provide the same function as rate multiplier 11 with a variety of other arrangements. In addition to crystal controlled oscillator 11, which provides a stable frequency signal, multiplier 11 includes a counting down logic configuration of cascaded stages 19, 29 and 36. In stage 19, counter 21 is a 4-bit (A-D) binary counter with gates arranged to provide an output frequency which is 8/9ths of the input from the oscillator. Intermediate stage 29 comprises two synchronous 6-bit binary rate multipliers, counters 31 and 32, whose division rate is adjusted in accordance with the logic level values of both inputs to the modulator of FIG. 1. Stage 36, the final stage, includes counter 37 which is the same type as counter 21 but has a logical feedback path for dividing its input clocking rate from stage 29 by a factor of 15.
The basic operation of rate multiplier 11 is to provide a clocking rate 256 times the frequency value of the output of the modulator of FIG. 1. A relatively high rate for oscillator 12 was selected at 11.0592 MHz. to minimize the presence of switching noise during transitions. In other words, counters 42-43 of lookup table 41 will cycle once through a full count at a full counting rate commensurate with the frequency of the output of the modulator of FIG. 1. When the modulator of FIG. 1 is in the low-band mode, the binary digit sequence listed in Table I is provided by ROM 44.
TABLE I______________________________________(High-band)______________________________________01010100 10100101 00100100 1000100010001000 01000001 00000100 0000100000010000 00100000 10000010 0001000100010001 00100100 10100101 0010101010101011 01011010 11011011 0111011101110111 10111110 11111011 1111011111101111 11011111 01111101 1110111011101110 11011011 01011010 11010101______________________________________
In the high-band mode, ROM 44 provides the binary digit sequence represented by Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________(Low-band)______________________________________11011101 11011101 11011011 1011011011011011 01011010 11010101 0101010101010100 10100101 00100100 1001001000100100 01000100 01000100 0100001000100010 00100010 00100010 0100100100100100 10100101 00101010 1010101010101011 01011010 11011011 0110110110111011 10111011 10111011 10111011______________________________________
Tables I and II each contain 256 binary digits. The order of reading the bits in Tables I and II for the proper sequence will be set out. Each line of 8-bits is read from left to right. Then the next lower line is read in the same column. The ordering of the columns is also read from left to right. Reading in this order starting at the first line of the first column will produce the same sequences as are produced by ROM 44 for each full count by counters 42 and 43.
The frequencies of the output signals that are generated from the foregoing sequences are well in the voiceband range of standard telephone lines. For the low-band, the space frequency is 1070 Hertz. The mark frequency for the low-band is 1270 Hertz. A frequency of 2025 Hertz is used for the high-band space signal. Finally, the mark frequency for the high-band is 2225 Hertz. As previously mentioned the mark/space frequency changes are effected by alternating the count down of stage 29 slightly in multiplier 11. On the other hand, the band selection signal produces a shift of the logic level signal applied to inverter 40 produces an opposite shift at its output. Both the input and output signals of inverter 40 are used to control the down counting operation of stage 29 in accordance with the level of the high-band/low-band signal. This function of the band selection signal is in addition to that of enabling one of the gate pairs in filter 51.
Directly from these sequences which are read out of ROM 44 a single bit at a time, the sinusoidal output is obtained by the operation of the three section ladder network of filter 51. The time constants of the sections are the same value which is a multiple of t where t is the duration of one binary digit of the sequence. In particular, the selected time constant was approximately 5t for the high-band sequence and 2.5t for the low-band sequence. This arrangement therefore eliminates the digital-to-analog converter required in prior art modulators. Furthermore, the balanced or push-pull pair of gates provides a high power signal which is able to output directly through the passive low-pass network of filter 51. Another feature of the balanced arrangement is that even ordered harmonic distortion is self-cancelling even though the gates are operated nonlinearly.
One way of understanding that it is possible to obtain a relatively pure sinusoidal signal by direct lowpass filtering of a bit sequence is by thinking in terms of an integrator. In other words at any point in time filter 51 represents an accumulation of digits. Accordingly, for the positive going portions of the sinusoid more "1" level or positive bits are produced by the output of ROM 44 and for negative going portions more "0" level bits are produced. In addition, the chosen bit sequences were selected with the frequency response of filter 51 in mind. Specifically, the bit sequences were slightly modified to reduce the third order harmonic component which will not be attenuated by filter 51 as higher order harmonic components. Finally, the two different bit sequences were selected so that only 0.3 dB amplitude variation occurs at the output of the modulator for the two frequency bands. In other words, selection of the sequence has an effect upon not only the harmonic content of the sinusoidal but also its amplitude.
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the waveforms produced by the operation of the modulator of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 depicts the high-band binary digit sequence produced at the output of the buffer/gates of FIG. 1. The waveform in FIG. 3 illustrates the effect of the first section of filter 51. This waveform actually depicts the voltage potential across capacitor 64. FIG. 4 represents the smooth sinusoidal signal produced by output of transformer 67 by virtue of the operation of the two additional low-pass filtering sections disposed between capacitor 64 and the transformer.
The embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. 1 has been bulit and operated successfully. In this embodiment, counters 21, 37, 42 and 43 are integrated circuit types SN74393; counters 31 and 32 are integrated circuit types SN7497; ROM 44 is a 1024-bit memory of integrated circuit type SN74S287; register 46 is integrated circuit type SN74174; gates 52-55 are integrated circuit type SN7426; and the values of resistors 58-63 are 100 ohms while capacitors 64-66 are 0.1 microfarads. These integrated circuits are available from Texas Instruments, Inc. and are fully described in their TTL Data Handbook, Second Edition, Copyright 1976.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Ahead of today's subcommittee vote on the Data Security and Breach Notification Act, the authors of the bipartisan legislation Rep. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) and Peter Welch (D-VT) penned an op-ed published on CNBC.com discussing the urgent need for Congress to act on data security.
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March 2, 2015 Upton, Ryan, Kline: An Off-Ramp From Obamacare

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Pristine water--hidden for millions of years, untouched by pollution, and possessing natural healing powers--is found miles under Antarctic ice. The scientists who make this astonishing discovery stand to win worldwide acclaim and earn billions. While people around the world line up for a taste of the therapeutic water, a cluster of new cases of mad... more...
The King's BloodLittle, Brown Book Group 2012; Not Available
War casts its shadow over the lands that dragons once ruled. Only the courage of a young woman with the mind of a gambler and loyalty to no one stands between hope and universal darkness. The high and powerful will fall, the despised and broken shall rise up and everything will be remade. And an old, broken-hearted warrior and an apostate... more...
The Tyrant's LawLittle, Brown Book Group 2013; US$ 20.50
The great war cannot be stopped. The tyrant Geder Palliako begins a conquest aimed at bringing peace to the world, though his resources are stretched too thin. When things go poorly, he finds a convenient target among the thirteen races and sparks a genocide. Clara Kalliam, freed by having fallen from grace, remakes herself as a 'loyal... more...


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(Photo: Fanny Schertzer)So you want to be a supervillain . Good for you! It's important to have ambition. B... ...es people as the domicile of a serious, dedicated supervillain . When on Earth has 15 sites you should consider....http://www.neatorama.com/2015/03/13/15-Great-Hideouts-for-Your-Supervillain-Lair/
15 Great Hideouts for Your Supervillain Lair
The Mathematical Law of Superhero Film Villains...
Two heads are not always better than one, particul... ...rticularly in pop culture superhero stories. When supervillains band together, their nefarious schemes become mor...http://www.neatorama.com/2014/05/08/The-Mathematical-Law-of-Superhero-Film-Villains/
Legion of Doom for Real Life Supervillains
Brazilian illustrator Butcher Billy (previ... ...The Legion of Doom for Real Life Supervillains feature Mao Zedong as Darkseid, Bin Lad...http://www.neatorama.com/2013/02/20/Legion-of-Doom-for-Real-Life-Supervillains/
Seattle's Real Life Super Villain Rex Velvet...
(YouTube Link) Rex Velvet, the self proclaimed "people's villain", is coming to take Seattle by storm, hoping to single-handedly abolish the Rain City Superhero Movement and force Phoenix Jones into retirement. He's...http://www.neatorama.com/2012/05/08/seattles-real-life-super-villain-rex-velvet/
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£1,750 pcm
4 bedroom detached house to rent Chaveney Road, Quorn, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 8ABNicholas Humphreys are proud to bring this individually styled, architect designed, two storey, four bedroom detached residence to the rental market. The property is situated in the highly sought after residential location of Quorn. Offering deceptive internal family accommodation, Upvc glazed, g... More details ›
£595 pcm
2 bedroom house to rent Wood Lane, Quorn, LE12Outstanding 2 Bedroom Mid Terrace Situated on this Popular location within walking distance of the village centre of Quorn. The property is immaculate throughout and comprises of living room, dining room, kitchen with breakfast bar. To the first floor is the master bedroom, bathroom with shower o... More details ›
Added on 29/06/2015 by AJR, Loughborough - Lettings. Call: 01509 431125 Local call rate
£650 pcm
2 bedroom house to rent Sarson Street, Quorn, LE12AJR is Delighted to Welcome to the Market this Stunning 2 Bedroom, 3 Storey Terrace Cottage. Located within the highly sought after village of Quorn, the property is ideally situated within walking distance to all local village amenities and is presented throughout to an extremely high standard. ... More details ›
Added on 25/06/2015 by AJR, Loughborough - Lettings. Call: 01509 431125 Local call rate
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2 bedroom house to rent Freehold Street, Quorn, Leicestershire, LE12 8AYNicholas Humphreys are delighted to offer this presented terrace house in the popular village of Quorn. This Comprises of two reception rooms, fitted kitchen to the ground floor. To the first floor there are two double bedrooms and a four piece bathroom and kitchen. The property has a kept rear g... More details ›
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Greater Paris becomes "Learning Laboratory" during Global Conference on Regional Metropolitan Planning
PARIS, June 18, 2015 — Managing historic urban growth to create inclusive, sustainable communities is a priority for cities around the globe, and this week's 'Greater Paris' regional planning efforts... Show More +
World Bank Group Offers Support to Aid Vanuatu's Recovery
Category 5 Storm Triggers Pacific Catastrophe Risk Insurance PayoutWASHINGTON, March 30, 2015 – The World Bank Group today announced that Vanuatu has received a US$1.9 million payout from the Pacific Catastrophe... Show More +
World Bank Group Statement On Cyclone Pam
SYDNEY, March 15 2015 – We are deeply concerned for the people of Vanuatu in the face of the devastation caused by Cyclone Pam. We are waiting for official casualty reports and stand ready to help.The... Show More +
World Bank and UK Government Launch Global Innovation Challenge to Boost Understanding of Disaster Risks
SENDAI, JAPAN, March 16, 2015 – With developing countries the hardest hit by disasters like floods, cyclones, droughts and earthquakes, a new competitive challenge fund is being launched... Show More +
World Bank Hosts Training on Disaster Risk Reduction
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Kim Announces New Planned Funding for Filipinos Hit by Typhoon Haiyan
More than $62 million planned for jobs, roads and bridgesTANAUAN (LEYTE), JULY 14, 2014 – World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim today reaffirmed the institution's support for the Philippines' reconstruction... Show More +
Government of India and World Bank Sign $153 Million Agreement for Odisha Disaster Recovery Project
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Prevention and Preparedness Can Reduce Impact of Disasters Says New Report
LONDON, July 3, 2014. While not all disasters can be avoided, effective planning and preparedness can help mitigate their impact.These are among the key findings from Learning from Megadisasters, a joint... Show More +
Global Community of Experts Comes Together for Pivotal Forum on Understanding Disaster Risk
LONDON, June 30, 2014 - The number of natural disasters has nearly doubled in the last three decades, with the cost of these events rising substantially–from around $50 billion annually in the 1980's,... Show More +
Strong, Safe and Resilient: NEMA and the World Bank host Disaster Risk Management Workshop
The workshop, hosted jointly by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and the World Bank will bring together over 70 participants from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, UB Municipality,... Show More +
Bangladesh Receives Additional $140 Million to Help Communities Better Prepare for Future Natural Disasters
DHAKA, June 09, 2014 — The government of Bangladesh today signed a $140 million credit to improve and strengthen critical disaster prevention infrastructure in the coastal areas of the country.The loan... Show More +
China: World Bank to Help Reduce Vulnerability of Fujian Fishermen to Typhoons
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Philippines: Policy-makers Tackle Integrated Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience
MANILA, JUNE 2, 2014 – Over 70 delegates from East Asia, South Asia and Africa are convening for the Third East Asia regional workshop on Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience, on June 3 to 5, 2014... Show More +
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Indonesia: New disaster management software released worldwide
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Disaster Insurance on the Agenda in the Pacific
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Philippines: Inclusive growth can be enhanced through sustainable reconstruction and job creation – World Bank
MANILA, March 17, 2014 – The Philippines expects to maintain strong growth rates in the next three years despite the difficult global environment and the devastation unleashed by Typhoon Yolanda. Addressing... Show More +
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim's statement on the Third Anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
TOKYO, March 11, 2014 — The following is a statement by the World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim:"On the occasion of the third anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the... Show More +


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Headache Center - Ventura, CA
Ventura Neurologist Doctors for Headache
Type of Physician: Neurologist
What is a Neurologist?
A certification by the Board of Psychiatry & Neurology; practitioners focus on the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, muscles and nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures. The neurologist is often the primary physician but also serves as a consultant to other physicians and may render all levels of care, including the continuing care of outpatients and/or inpatients. The neurologist will often perform and interpret tests that relate to the nervous system or muscles.
Specialty: Neurology
Common Name:
Neurologist Doctors in Ventura *
The Hutchman Clinic
Robert J Shore Medical Group
Amorteguy Sheehy & Heidary MDs
Amorteguy Sheehy & Heidary MDs
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Neuroscience Center
Pediatric Diagnostic Center
Neuroscience Center
Neuroscience Center
Southern California Hd Pn Nrlg
Patrick L S Kong MD
Yu Cheng J Liao MD
Ju-Sung Wu MD
Kaiser Permanente Medical Group
David Scharf MD Inc
Levine & Associates
Pacific Neuroscience Med Grp
Pacific Neuroscience Med Grp
Advance Associates In Neurology
Philip B Maurice MD
Robert Cohenour MD
Paul L Dudley MD
California Neurological Speclst
Kolar N Murthy MD
Mark Tramo MD Phd
Neuron Medical Corporation
Neuron Medical Corporation
Neuron Medical Corporation
David C Agnew MD
Sansum Clinic
Sansum Clinic
Neurology Assocs/Santa Barbara
Neurology Assocs/Santa Barbara
Sansum Clinic
Neurology Assocs/Santa Barbara
Sansum Clinic
Sansum Clinic
Sansum Clinic
Mark Corazzo MD
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Savur & Sengupta Mds
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Neurological Associates
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Kaiser Permanente Woodland Hlls
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Steven E Levine MD Med Corp
Steven E Levine MD Med Corp
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Valencia Neurology
Facey Medical Group Bhvrl Hlth
Valencia Neurology
Facey Medical Group Bhvrl Hlth
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San Fernando Valley Neurologic
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FM Radiology Medical Center
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Product Details
Ford Ranger 1998-2004, Radio Display Power Board by Dorman®. AM-FM. With Cassette Player. With Single Disc Player. With Changer Button. Without Audiofile. Premium Sound. Installation Hardware, Installation Instructions not Included. This is an aftermarket part that replaces factory OE # 1F5F18C868A1A, F87F18C868AD, F87F18C868BB, F87F18C868DD, F87F18C868CD, F87F18C868CE. Dorman re-engineered this unit's design to raise the resistors higher off the power board, allowing for better heat dissipation. Part of the electronic circuitry comprising an in-dash radio, it is a necessary replacement item for convenience and comfort.
45.01Brand: Dorman Part Number: 586-001 UPC: 019495531395 OE Part Number: 1F5F18C868A1A, F87F18C868AD, F87F18C868BB, F87F18C868DD, F87F18C868CD, F87F18C868CE This part is compatible with 67 vehicle(s)
- Restores radio unit to full screen functionality
- Heat exposure causes original resistor failure leading to loss of display screen
- Re-engineered design raises resistors, allowing for better heat dissipation
- Rigorous quality control measures ensure conformance to product standards
Dorman Products, Inc. is well-known as a leader in providing quality auto parts to the aftermarket. They have earned their reputation for excellence from over three decades of experience in providing automotive replacement parts, fasteners and service line products primarily for the automotive aftermarket. Their prestigious position stems from a unique combination of application expertise, innovative product design, and breadth of product offerings, many of which are not conveniently or economically available elsewhere.
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Charlotte, NCUSA
Hometown: Philadelphia, PA
October 15, 2013
Separated after a 19 yr marriage, and am working through the transition to single life. Looking to get out more, meet new people, share and enjoy experiences with some new friends!
This is a very positive and welcoming group! Starting this new chapter of my life had been challenging (and not to mention a bit scary!) and talking with everyone at my first meeting was really was helpful and kept me coming back. It's great to know that I am not alone in this experience, and I look forward to continuing to be involved with this group in the future.
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Meet the World's Ugliest Dog Contestants
5 Must-Do Tahoe Adventures
The History of Whiz Burger, an LGBT Landmark
5 Best Lookout Towers in California
Judge These Wines by the Labels
Sweat SF: Get Naked and Weightless
A Modern Guide to the Castro
5 Korean Restaurants in SF for Cheap + Delish Eats
Margaret Cho, Yigit Pura + More Reflect on Marriage Equality
Inside the Mind of Robert Brunner (Designer of Lyft's Tiny New 'Stache)
Named one of Fast Company's "Most Creative People in Business" this year, Robert Brunner is the founder of Ammunition, the much-lauded San Francisco design studio.
Where to Watch 4th of July Fireworks in the Bay Area
Every Fourth of July, fireworks light up the sky all across the bay. Here are your best bets for catching a glimpse of the spectacular celebrations—whether you're into official citywide celebrations, or *ahem* walking a little bit more on the wild (read: illegal) side.
Where to Plop Poolside in San Francisco
From swanky indoor pools, to heated saltwater baths, here's where to get your swim on in SF.
Impossible-to-Kill Plants for Your Office
Beyond adding life to any drab workstation, office plants, according to recent studies, provide a range of wellness benefits including improved air quality, stress reduction, and increased productivity. We hit local nurseries to round up the best cubicle-proof plants.
7 California Rosés to Sip This Summer
It's official—summer has arrived, and with it comes the season's favorite shade of wine: rosé.
Sweat SF: Free Mountain Athletic Workouts With The North Face
Whether you're preparing to climb Half Dome or just need the stamina to survive all three days of Outside Lands, the free Mountain Athletic Workouts being offered at Fort Mason and The Yard can help you reach your fitness goals without breaking the bank.
Love Is Love + Black Lives Matter: Diversity Wins at SF Pride [Photos]
As Americans awoke to the real-life dream of marriage equality on Friday, San Francisco's weekend Pride celebration commenced at a fever pitch. People of all stripes, colors, genders, and persuasions came out to show their support and to gawk at the spectacle.
New Happy Hours and Tasting Rooms in Wine Country
There's always something new to sip under the sun in Wine Country. Here's where we're delighted to drink these days.
Property Porn: Nob Hill Penthouse Offers the Epitome of Outdoor Living
Dream of being King or Queen of San Francisco? This Nob Hill penthouse will give you the next best thing to a golden throne.
The Bay Area's Best Fourth of July Festivities
It's time to fire up the barbecues and crack open a cold one in support of good ol' 'Murica. Here's your yearly rundown of the best Fourth of July events the Bay Area has to offer.
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The Big Eat 2015: 100 Things to Try Before You Die
2014 Hot 20: The Bay Area's Top Movers and Shakers
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Bay Area Insiders Pick Their Favorites
The Big Sweet SF: 50 Treats to Eat Before You Die


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Marvel's Ant-Man: The Junior NovelLittle, Brown Books for Young Readers 2015; Not Available
The next evolution of the Marvel Cinematic Universe brings a founding member of The Avengers to the big screen for the first time with Marvel Studios' "Ant-Man." Armed with the astonishing ability to shrink in scale but increase in strength, master thief Scott Lang must embrace his inner-hero and help his mentor, Dr. Hank Pym, protect the secret behind... more...
No ExcusesGallery/Jeter Publishing 2015; US$ 25.00
Trailblazing Seattle Seahawks fullback Derrick Coleman Jr.?the first deaf athlete to play offense in the NFL?tells his inspirational journey of persevering through every obstacle, remaining dedicated to the hard work and a no-excuses attitude that ultimately earned him a Super Bowl victory. Great for readers of all ages. Even at a young age, if anyone... more...
Experiences of Special EducationTaylor and Francis 2003; US$ 60.95
Discussion about educational provision for children with learning difficulties has largely ignored the voices of those for whom that provision is intended. Experiences of Special Education argues that these 'insider perspectives' are of central importance for a fuller understanding of special educational needs policy. Bringing a unique focus to the... more...
Master the Media to Attract Your Ideal ClientsWiley 2004; US$ 16.95
Praise for Master the Media to Attract Your Ideal Clients "This book is a marketing masterpiece. It should be required reading for all financial professionals." -Janine Wertheim, Chief Marketing Officer Securities America, Inc. "Marketing is the lifeblood of any practice. The media is the most effective and cost-efficient way to market. Unfortunately,... more...
Silent CovenantsOxford University Press 2004; US$ 13.99
Combines the personal reflections of a civil rights lawyer who personally handled dozens of school desegregation cases with an argument against the perfect precedent of Brown vs Board of Education. The Brown decision has played an important role in maintaining the racial divide its proponents hoped to close. more...
Civil Societies and Social MovementsTaylor and Francis 2007; US$ 54.95
This volume examines and contributes to debates surrounding social capital, social movements and the role of civil society in emerging forms of governance. The authors adopt a broad range of research approaches, from testing hypotheses drawn from rationale choice theory against available statistics on associations, to ethnographic study of emerging... more...
ActionScript 3.0Pearson Education 2010; US$ 27.99
This is the eBook version of the printed book. If the print book includes a CD-ROM, this content is not included within the eBook version. ActionScript is the programming language integral to the Adobe Technology Platform. It began as a simple scripting language for creating interactivity and animation in Flash, but is now used to create full-featured... more...
Rights, Race, and RecognitionCambridge University Press 2009; US$ 32.00
Draws on the legacy of race and racism in the USA to argue that rights are products of social recognition. more...
Digital Photography Pocket GuideO'Reilly Media 2005; US$ 11.99
Even film diehards have a tough time resisting the instant gratification of the digital camera. Today's digital cameras are more affordable then ever before, and they deliver high quality images that are a snap to share. Plus, you can take risks with a digital camera you never would with a film camera. You waste nothing; there's no film required,... more...
The Photoshop CS4 Companion for PhotographersO'Reilly Media 2008; US$ 19.99
"Derrick shows that Photoshop can be friendly as well as powerful. In part, he does that by focusing photographers on the essential steps of an efficient workflow. With this guide in hand, you'll quickly learn how to leverage Photoshop CS4's features to organize and improve your pictures."-- John Nack, Principal Product Manager, Adobe Photoshop &... more...


text: The Dulcea wiki last edited by jazz1987 on 05/30/13 05:31PM View full history Dulcea is a character from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie. She is the master warrior of Phaedos who drove off the Tenga Warriors. Initially, Dulcea distrusts the Power Rangers, even going as far as attacking Tommy Oliver and pinning him down with her staff. She only trusts them when they mention Zordon as their leader. Dulcea then leads them to the ancient ruins of the Ninjetti Temple, where she gives them the power of the Ninjetti- the spirit of the animal all humans have within them. All of the Rangers, except for Adam Park, are happy with their new powers. When asked why he is unhappy, Adam woefully replies, "I'm a frog." Dulcea then cheers him up by calling him a handsome prince and giving him a kiss. It is possible that Dulcea's animal spirit is an owl, as she transforms into one as she bids the rangers farewell. Strangely, Dulcea said that if she left the platform, she would age rapidly, however she did not age when fighting the Tenga. She may have meant that she can't step out towards the Phaedos Monolith; it could also mean that she can't come any closer to the Monolith.Dulcea wears a dark-green, nature-inspired combat outfit (resembling a stylized bikini) and matching knee-high boots. She carries a fighting staff, which can be split into two short sticks. When spun in each hand, these sticks produce a loud whistling sound, causing pain to those in close proximity. She uses the noise to drive away the Tenga Warriors.


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News 12: Nor'easter's final phase
The final phase of a two-part nor'easter means from 3 to 5 more inches of snow for Long Island, overnight Thursday and into the Friday morning commute, with Suffolk County north of the Long Island Expressway expected to get the deeper amounts. News 12 video.
New LIRR cars short on space for crash technology Surfers test the waters at Ditch Plains in Montauk Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spa celebrates summer Oceanside man arrested on fireworks violations Cops: Merrick woman charged in Freeport hit-and-run death Woman dies in Deer Park house fire After 5-year hiatus, July 4th Fireworks at Jones Beach Historic shift underway for disabled workers Tall Ships arrive for festival in Greenport Summertime is here Working on the atomic bomb Religious communities feast together at Westbury interfaith iftar


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Whether it be an upcoming event, exciting news or our latest Facebook update, find it @ErieHouse.
Erie Neighborhood House will offer a free street festival on Friday, June 26, to encourage healthy living within the Little Village community. MORE »
Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner froze FY15 funding for numerous human services programs, including those under the Immigrant Services Line Item, on Friday, April 3. MORE »
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MINNEAPOLIS -- The night started with a few simple waves and nods of acknowledgement.
But when Flip Saunders was announced as the head coach for the opposing team Tuesday night, the Target Center crowd rose to its feet and gave him a standing ovation, the closest resemblance of a sendoff for Saunders, who was fired almost a year ago after 10 years as head coach.
Minnesota's Kevin Garnett, like a long-lost son to Saunders, capped the moment when he jogged across the court, slapped hands and embraced Saunders. ...


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Look at this nigga Jay fronting, trying to take my shine
I didn't say this verbally, just had some shit on my mind
Lyric Meaning
Bleek, unhappy with his position on the totem pole, is starting to rebel against his partner/boss, but at this point the rebellion is all in his head
The unique thing about this song is that, in essence, not much happens. Jay goes to see Bleek, they walk towards each other and hug. But the song is about their thoughts, and how Jay squashes Bleek's mounting rebellion without saying a word
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International adoption: A big fix brings dramatic decline
International adoption has fallen sharply under tougher scrutiny caused by issues like Haiti's post-quake orphan scandal as well as stricter global regulations.
Ezra Fieser
When Silvia Sebac's birth mother made the five-hour bus ride through the mountainous countryside to leave her at an orphanage in Guatemala City, the infant had every prospect of an international adoption – of captivating adoptive parents from the US or Europe.
That was four years ago, when the adoption business was booming and people from rich countries were traveling the globe from China and South Korea to Russia and Ethiopia to find a child to complete their families. At the time Silvia arrived in Guatemala City, her country was giving up nearly 5,000 children annually – 1 in every 100 births. Adoption was an estimated $100 million industry that attracted thousands of international families willing to pay more than $30,000 to lawyers and agencies and to the capital city's towering hotels that dedicated entire floors to adoptive parents, catering to their every diaper and baby cream need.
But by the time her two-year wait to be declared legally abandoned was up, dark-eyed Silvia had no takers. Intercountry adoptions had begun to plummet.
Once a secretive or shameful process in many countries, adoption – particularly the heartwarming gesture of rich people traveling to the ends of the earth for a baby – became iconic in modern culture. The likes of Madonna and Angelina Jolie adopting in Africa injected glamorous publicity as well as drew suspicion and cynicism to the process.
Along with the growth of international adoption came publicized scandal and consequently a chillier new adoption climate, with stricter government controls. It has caused the number of international adoptions to plummet, and left behind – if also protected – many orphans around the globe.
Silvia is one of them, prevented from joining a new family in what is considered the most adoptable period – the infant to toddler years. In the final days of 2007, with the system beset by allegations of baby theft and coercion of birth mothers, Guatemalan lawmakers placed a moratorium on international adoptions. It put in place a new system that
followed the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption, which is an international standard – and it implemented UNICEF-inspired policy dictating that a family within the country, preferably a relative, should be sought before international families.
Today when asked who her mother is, Silvia points to an orphanage caretaker, and says, beaming, "Mama Nico." A slight, pretty girl, Silvia flashes four stubby fingers when asked her age: "Cuatro."
And, says Alejandra Diaz, the director of the orphanage, "Hannah's Hope," Silvia is probably going to spend many more birthdays in the orphanage: "It is hard to say it, because I knew her when she was a baby, but she's going to be here for years." Ms. Diaz says her facility, which used to process 90 adoptions a year, now has 31 seemingly permanent orphan residents, and cannot afford to take in more of the estimated 4,000 Guatemalan children now backed up in state and private orphanages.
• • •
"We are in a period of adoption history where growing transparency is having a significant impact in various ways: Many of them are very good and some of them are very complicated," observes Adam Pertman, author of "Adoption Nation" and the executive director of the Evan Donaldson Adoption Institute.
"Now that everyone's watching, it's incumbent on us to get it right – the short-term consequences clearly are leading to a decline in international adoptions," Mr. Pertman adds. "But hopefully, if we really get it right now, the decline will be a blip, and more kids, not fewer, who need homes will wind up getting them, in their own countries or, if necessary, in others."
As shown by the recent arrest of American missionaries in Haiti – accused of child trafficking for trying to take 33 Haitian children out of the quake-stricken country – the world's intercountry adoption system needs to be fixed, agree children's advocates and adoption agencies.
"Haiti magnified and amplified the issue that we deal with in over 180 countries," says Susan Bissell, chief of child protection for UNICEF in New York. The earthquake – and the media attention that followed it – simply exposed the multitude of problems that many developing countries face and that drive the supply of orphans: extreme poverty among families, weak social welfare systems to find alternative family arrangements closer to home, and corrupt legal systems that operate on personal deals rather than legal principles.
Instead of finding families for every child in need, the present system is set up to find a child for every family that wants one. Navigating the unfamiliar and wildly varying rules of foreign courts has created a huge industry of adoption agencies and adoption-law specialists, who command large fees – often $20,000 to $40,000 per child. And while many adoption agencies do their work legitimately, the lure of such large fees has created powerful incentives for less legitimate agencies to procure children.
In Guatemala's case, for example, "the government had lost control of the system," says Marilys Barrientos de Estrada, a director of the governmental agency created to oversee the new adoption process. "It was purely in the hands of the lawyers and agencies. And it wasn't about the children, it was about the money."
To ensure that a child's interests are put first, the 1993 Hague Adoption Convention gave countries a legal blueprint to help them make adoption a transparent, predictable, and legitimate process. As implementation of the treaty by the United States and 81 other countries progressed over the past few years, the number of intercountry adoptions dropped dramatically.
"The intention of the Hague convention is not to slow down adoptions," says William Duncan, deputy secretary-general of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, which oversees implementation of the Hague Adoption Convention. "In the last few years, the number of adoptions has tended to drop, but my impression is that has to do with a lot of specific conditions in specific countries."
The new rules of adoption combined with fewer available children have caused the slowdown, says Pertman. The Hague convention "caused a real shake-up" because a lot of social agencies in developing countries simply can't comply. And scandals in Guatemala and Romania, and China's rethink of its pro-adoption policies, dramatically reduced the supply of adoptable children. The result, he says, is "a very long wait period."
Guatemala's scandals resulted in the moratorium on international adoption. Likewise, while Haiti deals with the postquake tsunami of international requests to adopt orphaned children, and as it processes the case of the arrested missionaries, it has become acutely aware of the weakness of its documentation process. ("If a child isn't registered, the child doesn't exist," says Jennifer Bakody, UNICEF communications officer in Haiti. "Then there's no way to protect the child, he/she is really lost from the system." And that's how good intentions can turn into scandal.)
So the Haitian government has announced a shutdown of all adoptions, partly out of caution but partly out of necessity – its main adoption judge was killed in the quake and government documents have been lost in the chaos. But international adoption officials in Port-au-Prince report that irregularities continue in the chaos: The Haitian government declared that adoptions in process could only be signed off by the prime minister, but it's clear that some adoptions continue with other ministers signing off.
International authorities are encouraging Haiti not to attempt adoptions at the moment. A country like Haiti needs to rebuild before it gets into the business of helping find individual homes for adoptable children, Ms. Bissell argues.
And once it can focus on adoption again, Haiti's priority should be less international adoption than sorting through the chaos that may reveal many so-called orphans do have family. One complication unique to Haiti, say observers, is its informal "gifting" of children to better-off families with the hope the child's lot will improve and the child will be better cared for (sometimes it has been called a form of slavery). This restavek system (from the French rest avec, rest with), broke down in the earthquake, says Carol Bakker, UNICEF subregional adviser for child protection, and hosts are leaving these children behind. Adoption authorities are trying to register them so that they can be returned to families, placed in interim care, or – as a last resort – put up for international adoption.
"Ideally," says Donald Moore, the US general consul in Port-au-Prince, "the government has to vet the best solution for every child. In most countries, adoption is not the first solution. You want to reestablish the child on the ground before you look for external solutions."
• • •
China, Russia, and Guatemala have been, until recently, the biggest source countries for adoptable children. But each for its own reasons has drastically reduced the number of children available for international adoption.
In China, the number of children sent abroad plummeted from 14,500 in 2005 to 5,942 in 2008, according to figures collected for UNICEF by Peter Selman, an adoption expert at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, in England.
Great changes in social and economic policies, say experts, have affected the availability of children for international adoption.
In the past, the one-child policy – blamed for the current demographic bulge of boys, which have been seen as more valuable than girls – caused an influx of unwanted, healthy Chinese girls to orphanages.
Today, few healthy Chinese girls are put up for adoption, and the decline is driven by adjustments in the one-child policy – including encouragement of domestic adoption and, in some regions, of higher birthrates – and an increase in prosperity that have made parents more likely to keep a girl.
In 2008, the number of domestic adoptions, according to official Chinese statistics, had grown to more than 37,000 annually. There is high demand in China and the US to adopt, says Kay Johnson, an expert on domestic Chinese adoptions at Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. "The bottom line is that the supply of healthy babies [in China] is down," she says.
So nearly 50 percent of Chinese children adopted by US parents have special needs, such as congenital heart defects, cleft palates, and clubfeet, explains Chuck Johnson, chief operating officer at the National Council for Adoption, in Alexandria, Va. Half of these special-needs adoption cases come through a Chinese government-designed program called the Waiting Child Program, which seeks to find outstanding families for children diagnosed with special medical needs.
"Make no mistake, those of us who have been in this field for a long time knew that there would be a day like this, and it has happened," says Melody Zhang, associate director of Children's Hope International, an organization that has helped more than 100,000 Chinese children find homes with US families. Ultimately, it's a good thing, she says, because more children – healthy or not – are being placed.
• • •
The shift in adoption trends is felt nowhere more than at Detksi Dom No. 1 – Children's House No. 1 – in the Moscow suburb of Vikhino. About 60 children, ages 3 to 7, call the squat concrete orphanage beneath towering apartment blocks home.
Though many from this orphanage were adopted in the past by European or American families, now almost all who are adopted from this facility are claimed by Russian parents and taken to new homes inside their own country.
The dramatic change is captured best in national statistics: In 2004, foreigners adopted 9,400 Russian children, and Russian citizens adopted 7,000, according to the Ministry of Education and Science.
By 2008, only 1,198 Russian children were given to foreigners for adoption, and Russian citizens adopted 7,683. Also, more than 100,000 Russian children were placed in temporary foster homes in Russia.
One of the main reasons for the dramatic change is that Russian lawmakers have made a concerted effort to put domestic adoptions first.
"Adoption to another country will be considered as an alternative only if the child cannot be transferred to a family in [the] country of his origin," a spokeswoman for the Education Ministry said in a written response to questions.
And the government now pays families a bonus of $1,000 for taking in a foster child, with generous monthly payments for upkeep. Under a program started by former President Vladimir Putin in 2006, women can now receive up to $10,000 for bearing – or adopting – a second child.
In the recent past, a historic Russian reluctance to adopt children stood in irony alongside nationalist rhetoric against the idea of "selling Russian children abroad." But both attitudes have largely disappeared, experts say.
"Russians were reluctant to adopt in the past, and the system of foster homes was completely undeveloped in this country. But that's turned around amazingly in the past few years," says Natalia Serova, director of Detski Dom No. 1.
Even five years ago, says Yekaterina Bridge, Moscow representative of World Association for Children and Parents (WACAP), "the average Russian thought foreign adoption was all about black-marketing Russian kids. But the Russian media has stopped publishing scare stories like that, and we find the social attitude about international adoptions is now much calmer and more positive."
Some Russian celebrities, such as the TV presenter Svetlana Sorokina (Russia's version of Katie Couric), have adopted in recent years. Ms. Sorokina wrote a very compelling account, with photos, in a popular magazine in which she detailed her personal search, her bureaucratic ordeal, and her profound feelings of happiness when she eventually brought her child home.
Also, there's a middle class in Russia now that didn't exist before, and it includes middle-aged professionals with means and stable lives who want to have more children in their homes. Further, philanthropic notions – such as individual helping and giving to the less fortunate – have also grown, particularly within that same class of Russians.
Russia's Ministry of Education and Science says there are about 760,000 orphans in Russia (out of a population of 27 million children), but only 140,000 of them are listed in the huge official database as available for adoption. About 70 adoption agencies from a dozen countries still work in Russia, despite a severe shakeout three years ago that saw all international adoptions frozen and many agencies stripped of their accreditation.
With new rules governing adoptions, an American couple hoping to adopt a Russian child may expect the process to take two or three years and to be very costly.
Despite all the red tape, Russia is far from the worst country in which to work in the former Soviet region, says Ms. Bridge. "The Russian system actually cuts some of the corruption that is very prevalent [elsewhere]," she says. "In Russia, there are very clear written rules, so there's no ambiguity about what's required. It's that ambiguity in other places that opens the door to corruption."
• • •
Once the world's second-largest source for adopted children, Guatemala is set to open itself to international adoptions again this year. It received letters of interest from 10 countries – including the US, France, Spain, and Denmark – that want their residents to be able to adopt from Guatemala, says Rudy Zepeda, spokesman for the National Adoption Council, the new government agency. Once the pilot program starts, in June or July, only 60 Guatemalan children will be made available to international families. After that, intercountry adoption will still be limited to 100 or 150 cases, mostly older children like Silvia or those with disabilities.
The estimated 4,000 other children now living in orphanages will have to first be declared "adoptable" by Guatemalan courts and then be made available to Guatemalan families. As of mid-February, after more than two years under the new system, 590 Guatemalan families had applied to adopt a child and the courts had cleared 559 children, but just 253 of those children had been adopted.
Meanwhile, children like Silvia wait, growing up in homes that try to replicate family life. "We can give them love, we can give them clothes, and feed them," says Diaz, the orphanage director, "but it's not the same as sitting down for a meal with your family."


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