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The urban perspectives of acid rain. Workshop summary
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
This report documents discussions held during a workshop an Urban Perspective of Acid Rain. The workshop was sponsored by the Office of the Director, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). NAPAP anticipates giving increased emphasis to the benefits in urban areas of emissions reductions. The goal of this informal, exploratory workshop was to serve as a first step towards identifying pollutant monitoring, and research and assessment needs to help answer, from an urban perspective, the two key questions posed to NAPAP by Congress: (1) what are the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of the acid rain control program, and (2) what reductions in deposition, rates are needed in order to prevent adverse effects? The workshop addressed research activities needed to respond to these questions. The discussions focused. sequentially, on data needs, data and model availability, and data and modeling gaps. The discussions concentrated on four areas of effects: human health, materials, urban forests, and visibility.
Tonn, B.E.
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Perceptron; Ozone concentration. 1. Introduction Tropospheric ozone is a major air pollution problem, both, Ajaccio, France, e-mail: email@example.com Abstract: Atmospheric pollutants concentration forecasting is an important issue in air quality monitoring. Qualitair Corse, the organization responsible for monitoring air
Boyer, Edmond
E-Print Network 3.0 - atlanta urban rain Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
(2008). Shem and Shepherd (2009) noted that Atlanta creates enhanced convergence at the rural-urban... delineation of urban convection for Atlanta, Georgia. Int. J. Climatol., 30,...
Ozone production rate and hydrocarbon reactivity in 5 urban areas: A cause of high ozone concentration in Houston
petrochemical complexes in the world. As a consequence the concentration of O3 in the Houston metropolitan area are ubiquitous in urban areas, the major source categories being on and off-road vehicles, power plants from nearby petrochemical facili- ties. A comparison between Houston and 4 other cities (Nashville, TN
Supporting Information for Impact of Chlorine Emissions from Sea-Salt Aerosol on Coastal Urban Ozone
DIOXIDE H2O2 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE NH3 AMMONIA NIT AEROSOL NITRATE SO2 SULFUR DIOXIDE SO3 SULFUR TRIOXIDE OSD extensions* NO NITRIC OXIDE NO2 NITROGEN DIOXIDE O3 OZONE HONO NITROUS ACID HNO3 NITRIC ACID HNO4 PERNITRIC ACID N2O5 NITROGEN PENTOXIDE NO3 NITRATE RADICAL HO2 HYDROPEROXY RADICAL CO CARBON MONOXIDE CO2 CARBON
Dabdub, Donald
Observations of the Temperature Dependent Response of Ozone to NOx Reductions in an Urban Plume
Observations of NO{sub x} in the Sacramento, CA region show that mixing ratios decreased by 30% between 2001 and 2008. Here we use an observation-based method to quantify net ozone production rates in the outflow from the Sacramento metropolitan region and examine the O{sub 3} decrease resulting from reductions in NO{sub x} emissions. This observational method does not rely on assumptions about detailed chemistry of ozone production, rather it is an independent means to verify and test these assumptions. We use an instantaneous steady-state model as well as a detailed 1-D plume model to aid in interpretation of the ozone production inferred from observations. In agreement with the models, the observations show that early in the plume, the NO{sub x} dependence for O{sub x} (O{sub x} = O{sub 3}+NO{sub 2}) production is strongly coupled with temperature, suggesting that temperature dependent biogenic VOC emissions can drive O{sub x} production between NO{sub x}-limited and NO{sub x}-suppressed regimes. As a result, NO{sub x} reductions were found to be most effective at higher temperatures over the 7 year period. We show that violations of the California 1-hour O{sub 3} standard (90 ppb) in the region have been decreasing linearly with decreases in NO{sub x} (at a given temperature) and predict that reductions of NO{sub x} concentrations (and presumably emissions) by an additional 30% (relative to 2007 levels) will eliminate violations of the state 1 hour standard in the region. If current trends continue, a 30% decrease in NO{sub x} is expected by 2012, and an end to violations of the 1 hour standard in the Sacramento region appears to be imminent.
LaFranchi, B W; Goldstein, A H; Cohen, R C
11USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-166. 1998. Urban air basin produced oxidants, notably ozone, induce a decline in productivity in plants. This loss of productivity
11USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-166. 1998. Abstract Urban air basin produced oxidants, notably ozone, induce a decline in productivity in plants. This loss of productivity is manifested have been well-studied: increased production and more rapid turnover of antioxidant systems; production
Standiford, Richard B.
An Assessment of Tropospheric Ozone Pollution
An Assessment of Tropospheric Ozone Pollution --A North American Perspective-- Surface Urban, California 94304 #12;AN ASSESSMENT OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE POLLUTION: A NORTH AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE The NARSTO, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F., Mexico Alan Dunker, General Motors Research & Development
Urban Form and Air Pollution in US Urban Areas!
of Minnesota Grant No. 0853467 #12;Air Pollution Impacts on Health 2 EPA, 2010 Ozone PM2.5 PM10 Lead NitrogenUrban Form and Air Pollution in US Urban Areas! Center for Transportation Studies Research #12;Purpose and Research Questions 4 Purpose: Explore relationship between air pollution and urban
Minnesota, University of
Examination of the Effects of Sea Salt Aerosols on Southeast Texas Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol
such as ozone, reactive nitrogen, mercury, and sulfur containing compounds. Urban areas are most impacted by these trace gases, which is a concern because ozone especially affects the health of citizens. Experiments have three basic parts. First we generate mono...
Benoit, Mark David
(Acid rain workshop)
The traveler presented a paper entitled Susceptibility of Asian Ecosystems to Soil-Mediated Acid Rain Damage'' at the Second Workshop on Acid Rain in Asia. The workshop was organized by the Asian Institute of Technology (Bangkok, Thailand), Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, Illinois), and Resource Management Associates (Madison, Wisconsin) and was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, the United Nations Environment Program, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and the World Bank. Papers presented on the first day discussed how the experience gained with acid rain in North America and Europe might be applied to the Asian situation. Papers describing energy use projections, sulfur emissions, and effects of acid rain in several Asian countries were presented on the second day. The remaining time was allotted to discussion, planning, and writing plans for a future research program.
Turner, R.S.
Beyond Patient Health Escalating populations, expanding urban environments, poverty,
resistance, ozone depletion, asthma and heavy metal toxicity · The program also supports student and facultyBeyond Patient Health Escalating populations, expanding urban environments, poverty, pollution
Denham, Graham
On the infiltration of rain water through the soil with runo# of the excess water
of drainage networks or other storm water control facilities, especially in urban areas. A complete 3D '' Viale Morgagni 67/A, 50134 Firenze, Italy Abstract This paper deals with the modelling of the rain waterOn the infiltration of rain water through the soil with runo# of the excess water Iacopo Borsi
Fasano, Antonio
Rain sampling device
DOE Patents [OSTI]
The present invention constitutes a rain sampling device adapted for independent operation at locations remote from the user which allows rainfall to be sampled in accordance with any schedule desired by the user. The rain sampling device includes a mechanism for directing wet precipitation into a chamber, a chamber for temporarily holding the precipitation during the process of collection, a valve mechanism for controllably releasing samples of the precipitation from the chamber, a means for distributing the samples released from the holding chamber into vessels adapted for permanently retaining these samples, and an electrical mechanism for regulating the operation of the device. 11 figures.
Nelson, D.A.; Tomich, S.D.; Glover, D.W.; Allen, E.V.; Hales, J.M.; Dana, M.T.
The present invention constitutes a rain sampling device adapted for independent operation at locations remote from the user which allows rainfall to be sampled in accordance with any schedule desired by the user. The rain sampling device includes a mechanism for directing wet precipitation into a chamber, a chamber for temporarily holding the precipitation during the process of collection, a valve mechanism for controllably releasing samples of said precipitation from said chamber, a means for distributing the samples released from the holding chamber into vessels adapted for permanently retaining these samples, and an electrical mechanism for regulating the operation of the device.
Nelson, Danny A. (Richland, WA); Tomich, Stanley D. (Richland, WA); Glover, Donald W. (Prosser, WA); Allen, Errol V. (Benton City, WA); Hales, Jeremy M. (Kennewick, WA); Dana, Marshall T. (Richland, WA)
West Texas Rain
and Water Commission, Culberson County Underground Water District and county officials to install a 2,500-gallon rainwater harvesting tank at the Culberson County Courthouse. West Texas Rain Rainwater harvesting demonstration sites save water and money... (Above Left) One of the three rainwater harvesting demonstrations is located at the Culberson County Courthouse in Van Horn. This 2,500-gallon tank has been installed to catch and store the rainwater. (Above Right) Landscape irrigation using...
Supercinski, Danielle
ARM - Cloud and Rain
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformationbudapest Comments? We would love to heartotdngovInstrumentswrf-chemHistoryListCloud and Rain
Investigating acid rain
A report is given of an address by Kathleen Bennett, Assistant Administrator of Air, Noise and Radiation, Environmental Protection Agency which was presented to the US Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works. Bennet explained that in view of the many unknowns about acid rain, and the possible substantial cost burden of additional controls, EPA is proceeding with its program to investigate this environmental malady over a 10-year period. The three major areas of the research program are (1) transport, transformation, and deposition processes, (2) effects of acid deposition, and (3) assessments and policy studies. Other issues discussed were global transboundary air pollution and Senate amendments addressing long-range transport. (JMT)
Not Available
Urban Economics
property taxation regional economics residential segregationexternalities urban economics urban production externalitiesproperty taxation regional economics residential segregation
Quigley, John M.
Controlling acid rain : policy issues
The policy and regulatory ramifications of U.S. acid rain control programs are examined; particularly, the alternative of a receptor-oriented strategy as constrasted to emission-oriented proposals (e.g., the Mitchell bill) ...
Fay, James A.
The Exposure-Response Curve for Ozone and Risk of Mortality and the Adequacy of Current Ozone
and applied several statistical models to data on air pollution, weather, and mortality for 98 U.S. urban mortality. Interventions to further reduce ozone pollution would benefit public health, even in regions pollutant linked to numerous harmful health effects, including reduced lung function, increased frequency
Dominici, Francesca
CHAPTER 13. ACID RAIN Acid rain was discovered in the 19th century by Robert Angus
247 CHAPTER 13. ACID RAIN Acid rain was discovered in the 19th century by Robert Angus Smith, a pharmacist from Manchester (England), who measured high levels of acidity in rain falling over industrial decline of fish populations in the lakes of southern Norway and traced the problem to acid rain. Similar
Jacob, Daniel J.
Urban Pollution Control Strategies Reading: pages 422-437
ATOC 3500 Urban Pollution Control Strategies Reading: pages 422-437 Details to come #12;#12;Urban Pollution Control Strategies What we know so far: · Different regions have different issues, but two types, warm, NOx, HCs, ozone, CO) · Pollution is made worse by meteorological conditions called "inversions
Toohey, Darin W.
ARM - Lesson Plans: Acid Rain
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUC : XDCResearch Related InformationAcid Rain Outreach Home Room News
Optical Rain Gauge and Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Comparisons
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 - September 2006 The 2002 WholesaleEnergy'sRunningOperationsDistribution,Rain Gauge
Acid rain information book. Draft final report
Acid rain is one of the most widely publicized environmental issues of the day. The potential consequences of increasingly widespread acid rain demand that this phenomenon be carefully evaluated. Reveiw of the literature shows a rapidly growing body of knowledge, but also reveals major gaps in understanding that need to be narrowed. This document discusses major aspects of the acid rain phenomenon, points out areas of uncertainty, and summarizes current and projected research by responsible government agencies and other concerned organizations.
fire, a woodchip flaring in his cupped palm as he passed. A fireman had come out after Brusher from the entrance of the fire temple across the way. The king summarily returned the enchanted wave of the man-boy, whose longish face became doubly...
Sparks, William Joseph
WHAT IS A RAIN BARREL? A rain barrel is any type of container used to catch
or pet consumption. · Due to lack of research data, water collected in a rain barrel is not recommended
Blanchette, Robert A.
acid rain controls: Topics by E-print Network
66 4 2012318 Soon It's Gonna Rain Biotechnology Websites Summary: 4 2012318 NO1. Soon It's Gonna Rain As climate warms, the atmosphere holds more moisture, and increased...
acid rain control: Topics by E-print Network
7, 97959828, 2007 Tropospheric ozone
ACPD 7, 97959828, 2007 Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing A. J. Ding et al. Title Page Chemistry and Physics Discussions Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: analysis of aircraft data;ACPD 7, 97959828, 2007 Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing A. J. Ding et al. Title Page
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
8, 1106311101, 2008 Tropospheric Ozone
ACPD 8, 1106311101, 2008 Tropospheric Ozone climatology in the southern subtropics G. Clain et al.0 License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions Tropospheric ozone climatology at two southern Tropospheric Ozone climatology in the southern subtropics G. Clain et al. Title Page Abstract Introduction
Urbanizing terrains
Urban "sprawl"in the East Attica area of Athens has dramatically changed the former rural economy in a manner consistent with the urbanizing terrain's underlying properties: agricultural subdivisions, existing centres, ...
Romanos, Christoforos
Ozone decomposing filter
In an improved ozone decomposing air filter carbon fibers are held together with a carbonized binder in a perforated structure. The structure is made by combining rayon fibers with gelatin, forming the mixture in a mold, freeze-drying, and vacuum baking.
Simandl, Ronald F. (Farragut, TN); Brown, John D. (Harriman, TN); Whinnery, Jr., LeRoy L. (Dublin, CA)
Modelling and Simulating of Rain Derivatives
Modelling and Simulating of Rain Derivatives Master thesis Cathrin van Emmerich Supervisor, Februar 2005 Cathrin van Emmerich i #12;Table of Contents Table of Contents ii 1 Introduction 1 2
Long range transport of acid rain precursors
A model of the long range transport of primary and secondary pollutants derived by Fay and Rosenzweig (1) is applied to the problem of the transport of acid rain precursors. The model describes the long term average (annual ...
E. , Hanushek, E. and Quigley, J. 2004. Opportunities, race,Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Press. Quigley, J. 2001. Theof Regional Science 35, Quigley, J. 1998. Urban diversity
A model of stable geomorphic form for an urban stream, College Station, Texas
the transmission of water to the drainage network. Conversely, in urban areas, only a small percentage of rain water can enter the subsurface, with the result that greater quantities of water reach the stream drainage system, arriving shortly after the storm... these processes, frequently to problem levels. In an urban stream system, large volumes of water enter the system within a very short time period, resulting in both high stream velocities and erosion. Extensive erosion in urban areas, especially in areas...
Woodhouse, Elizabeth Gail
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain compliance Sample Search Results
produces salt and water. 2. Acid rain... is rain that is slightly acidic due to pollution in the air. Acid rain greatly affects the ecosystems... is acid ... Source:...
acid rain research: Topics by E-print Network
in rain falling over industrial decline of fish populations in the lakes of southern Norway and traced the problem to acid rain. Similar Jacob, Daniel J. 5 Long range transport...
Flexible urbanism
This thesis seeks to find a new approach/method towards urbanization in existing low density neighborhoods in major metropolitan cities in the United States. The near South side of the city of Chicago (a city that carries ...
Anandam, Anahita
CONDENSATION OF CHONDRULES: CONDITIONS FOR "FIERY RAIN". L. Grossman1,2 and A. V. Fedkin1 . 1 Dept little Na condenses above the solidus, and Na2O contents of most chondrules plot above Na2O was condensed at near-liquidus temperatures. In the context of melting chondrule precursors, we showed that Na
Grossman, Lawrence
Disdrometer and Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge Handbook
The Distromet disdrometer model RD-80 and NovaLynx tipping bucket rain gauge model 260-2500E-12 are two devices deployed a few meters apart to measure the character and amount of liquid precipitation. The main purpose of the disdrometer is to measure drop size distribution, which it does over 20 size classes from 0.3 mm to 5.4 mm. The data from both instruments can be used to determine rain rate. The disdrometer results can also be used to infer several properties including drop number density, radar reflectivity, liquid water content, and energy flux. Two coefficients, N0 and ?, from an exponential fit between drop diameter and drop number density, are routinely calculated. Data are collected once a minute. The instruments make completely different kinds of measurements. Rain that falls on the disdrometer sensor moves a plunger on a vertical axis. The disdrometer transforms the plunger motion into electrical impulses whose strength is proportional to drop diameter. The rain gauge is the conventional tipping bucket type. Each tip collects an amount equivalent to 0.01 in. of water, and each tip is counted by a data acquisition system anchored by a Campbell CR1000 data logger.
Bartholomew. MJ
Wind/Rain Backscatter Modeling and Wind/Rain Retrieval for Scatterometer and Synthetic Aperture Radar.
??Using co-located space-borne satellite (TRMM PR, ESCAT on ERS 1/2) measurements, and numerical predicted wind fields (ECMWF), the sensitivity of C-band backscatter measurement to rain� (more)
Nie, Congling
Original article Effect of simulated acid rain on mycorrhizae
Original article Effect of simulated acid rain on mycorrhizae of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis in the three experiments. In substrata of neutro-basic pH, short-term exposures to acid rain positively affected ectomycorrhizal fungi, in parti- cular, Suillus species. acid rain / mycorrhizae / pH / Pinus
International negotiations on acid rains in Northern Europe
International negotiations on acid rains in Northern Europe: a discrete time iterative process by M on acid rains in Northern Europe: a discrete time iterative process \\Lambda Marc Germain y Philippe L is provided by Kaitala et al. (1995) in the context of the ``acid rain game'' in Northern Europe, that is
Toint, Philippe
8, 87738816, 2008 Mumbai heavy rain
modeling system (RAMS 4.3), with and without an explicit urban energy balance model-town energy budget (TEB the Indian monsoon region. The impact of including an explicit urban energy balance on surface thermodynamic in the upwind region of Mumbai city is increased in the simulation, possibly as a feedback from the sea breeze
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
A study of ozone in the surface layer of Kiev and its impact on the human health
Ground-level ozone in Kiev for an episode of its high concentration in August 2000 was simulated with the model of the urban air pollution UAM-V (Urban Airshed Model). The study of total ozone over Kiev and its concentration changes with height in the troposphere is made on the basis of ground-based observations with the infrared Fourier spectrometer at the Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as a part of the ESA-NIVR-KNMI no 2907. In 2008 the satellite Aura-OMI data OMO3PR on the atmosphere ozone profiles became available. Beginning in 2005, these data include the ozone concentration in the lower layer of the atmosphere and can be used for the evaluation of the ground-level ozone concentrations in all cities of Ukraine. Some statistical investigation of ozone air pollution in Kiev and medical statistics data on respiratory system was carried out with the application of the "Statistica" package. The regression analysis, prognostic regression simulation, and retrospective p...
Shavrina, A V; Kiforenko, S I; Sheminova, V A; Veles, A A; Blum, O B
"Urban planning and urban services
of deep water aquifers in the Gironde (B. de Grissac, SMEGREG) 68 The challenge of securing drinking water boost city resilience? Municipalities and resilience engineering: the RESILIS project (J-P. Arnaud, Egis, Professor Emeritus of INSA, Lyon) 44 Water and sanitation services and urban resilience (B. Chocat
E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutants ozone Sample Search Results
1 Global Ozone Project Ozone Formation in Summary: , power plants and industry all emit air pollution that forms ground-level ozone. Ozone is a primary... Stratospheric and...
The greenhouse effect and acid rain
The concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides and chlorofluorocarbons is increasing in the earth's atmosphere. Increased concentrations of these trace gases could lead to global warming, increased acid rain and increased UV radiation on the earth's surface; however, the actual impacts are still uncertain and are also the subject of great debate. Application of clean'' energy sources such as geothermal are obviously desirable for decreasing these effects and improving our overall general environment. This paper briefly summarizes the global environment concerns, providing a backdrop for the following papers which describe the geothermal role in future environmental considerations. 5 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Traeger, R.K.
Robert B. Raines | National Nuclear Security Administration
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive Solar HomePromisingStories »SubmitterJ. Norby (2007)RisingofRoarkB. Raines |
Rain Machine (Solar Still) | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion | Department ofT ib l L dDepartment ofList? |Energy 4/113 ofDepartment of EnergyRain
Jack Rains | Y-12 National Security Complex
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFunInfraredJefferson Lab Click on the followingLearningJack ChidgeyJack Rains
Research and Extension Education Capabilities AgriLife Urban Solutions Center and associated County Extension Programs
� Irrigation system design and management � Rainwater harvesting, rain gardens, porous pavements, green roofsWise, Texas SmartScape� landscapes � Use and management of alternate (reclaimed, recycled, poor quality Extension Programs Water Management for Urban Landscapes � Lawn and landscape water conservation
Cloud Computing: Rain-Clouds System
Abstract � Cloud Computing is the on demand service can be provided to the users at any time. It delivers the software, data access, computing as a service rather than the product. The Cloud application simplifies the computing technology by providing pay-per-use customer relationship. It is the theory that familiar to cheaper devices with low processing power, lower storage capacities, great flexibility and many more things. The security of cloud computing is a major factor as users store sensitive and confidential information with cloud storage providers. The range of these providers may be un trusted and harmful. The purpose of adopting cloud computing in an organization is to decide between a �public cloud ? and �private cloud ? by means of privacy. Public clouds often known as provider clouds are administrated by third parties and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. Private clouds or internal clouds are owned by the single firm but it has some metrics such as lacking of availability of services (such as memory, server) and network resources which leads it to down. Due to this, technology moves toward the concept of �Multi clouds � or �Rain Clouds�. This paper displays the use of multi-clouds or rain clouds due to its ability to handle the huge amount of data traffic that affect the cloud computing user.
Harinder Kaur
Ozone Reductions Using Residential Building Envelopes
Ozone is an air pollutant with that can have significant health effects and a significant source of ozone in some regions of California is outdoor air. Because people spend the vast majority of their time indoors, reduction in indoor levels of ozone could lead to improved health for many California residents. Ozone is removed from indoor air by surface reactions and can also be filtered by building envelopes. The magnitude of the envelope impact depends on the specific building materials that the air flows over and the geometry of the air flow paths through the envelope that can be changes by mechanical ventilation operation. The 2008 Residential Building Standards in California include minimum requirements for mechanical ventilation by referencing ASHRAE Standard 62.2. This study examines the changes in indoor ozone depending on the mechanical ventilation system selected to meet these requirements. This study used detailed simulations of ventilation in a house to examine the impacts of different ventilation systems on indoor ozone concentrations. The simulation results showed that staying indoors reduces exposure to ozone by 80percent to 90percent, that exhaust ventilation systems lead to lower indoor ozone concentrations, that opening of windows should be avoided at times of high outdoor ozone, and that changing the time at which mechanical ventilation occurs has the ability to halve exposure to ozone. Future work should focus on the products of ozone reactions in the building envelope and the fate of these products with respect to indoor exposures.
Walker, Iain S.; Sherman, Max; Nazaroff, William W.
Ozone decomposition in water solutions
. Hewes, III; B. S. , Texas ASH University Directed by Dr. R. R. Davison The rate of the decomposition of ozone in water solutions at various pH's and temperatures were ob- tained by an iodometrical method. The orders of the reactions and the reaction...
Hewes, Cecil Grayson
6, 74277469, 2006 Linear ozone
from biases in the schemes' climatology coefficients. Cariolle v2.1 analyses showed biases of up to 20 and Kelder (1998) ozone climatology into the scheme. Chem2D-OPP v2.1 analyses showed biases up to 20 analysed temperatures and the temperature climatology supplied with the scheme. Future developments should
2, 15091543, 2002 Ozone production
.atmos-chem-phys.org/acpd/2/1509/ c European Geosciences Union 2002 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions Ozone as a consequence of local catabatic winds. Aver- age mid-day peroxy radical concentrations at Mt. Cimone; Atlas and Ridley, 1996; Fischer et al., 1998; Zanis et al., 2000a, b). Often, free tropospheric
In-Situ Monitoring of Trace Gases in a Non-Urban Environment
A set of commercial instruments measuring carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides [nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and odd nitrogens (NOX)] was integrated and deployed in a non�urban environment. The deployment occurred between July 2, 2007 and August 7, 2007 in Richland, WA. The mixing ratios of all species were lower than in most rural�suburban environments, and strong diurnal patterns were observed. NO2 was depleted by photochemically formed ozone during the day and replenished at night as ozone was destroyed. The highest ozone concentration during these episodes was 45 ppb. The overall average was 15 ppb with readings approaching near zero at times. This observation is low compared to average daytime summer readings of 60�80 ppb in highly populated and industrialized urban areas in the Pacific Northwest region. Back?trajectory analysis and prevailing weather conditions both indicated that much of the ozone was transported locally or was produced in�situ. Analysis of SO2 as a tracer for O3 advection further indicated lack of long�range regional transport of pollutants to Richland. We also present results of analysis of high ozone episodes and comparisons relative to other areas in the Pacific Northwest region. These results provide a useful sample data set to study the historical record of air quality in rural Eastern Washington.
Mioduszewski, John R.; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Morris, Victor R.; Berkowitz, Carl M.; Flaherty, Julia E.
Comparing TRMM rainfall retrieval with NOAA buoy rain gauge data
to December of 2001. TRMM's 3G68 product provides instantaneous rain rate data averaged over 0.5? x 0.5? latitude-longitude grid boxes for the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), Precipitation Radar (PR), and a combined algorithm (COMB). The buoy's rain rate data...
Phillips, Amy Blackmore
PRODUCTION OF RAIN-FED ALFALFA S. Dennis Cash1
PRODUCTION OF RAIN-FED ALFALFA S. Dennis Cash1 and David M. Wichman2 ABSTRACT Dryland (rain alfalfa is minor compared to the acreage of native or tame pastures, and the overall production of irrigated alfalfa in this region. However, for ranchers in areas that receive significant snowpack, dryland
Maxwell, Bruce D.
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain effects Sample Search Results
of Mexican Mayan monuments. Ingenieria... eroding because of acid rain. Just as water dis- solves an Alka-Seltzer tablet, acid rain erodes... Autonomous University of...
An anticipatory integrated assessment of regional acidification: The RAINS-Asia model
Across large parts of Asia, air pollution problems are becoming more and more evident. Rainfall in some areas, including China, Japan, and Thailand, has been measured to be 10 times more acidic than unpolluted rain. Increasing evidence of acidification damage to ecosystems such as surface waters, soils, and economically important crops, is beginning to appear. In addition, urban air quality in many areas of the region continues to decrease. Current economic forecasts predict continued rapid economic growth in the region, which will bring with it increasing emissions of air pollutants, especially sulfur. The total primary energy demand in Asia currently doubles every twelve years (as compared to a world average of every 28 years). Coal is expected to continue to be the dominant energy source, with coal demand projected to increase by 65 percent per year, a rate that outpaces regional economic growth. If current trends in economic development and energy use in Asia continue, emissions of sulfur dioxide, one of the key components in acid rain, will more than triple within the next 30 years. Many ecosystems will be unable to continue to absorb these increased levels of pollution without harmful effects, thus creating a potential danger for irreversible environmental damage in many areas. In view of the potential environmental consequences of projected growth in Asian energy consumption, emissions, and air pollution, the World Bank, together with the Asian Development Bank, have funded a project to develop and implement an integrated assessment model for the acid deposition phenomenon in Asia. The Regional Air Pollution INformation and Simulation model for Asia (RAINS-Asia) is a software tool to help decision makers assess and project future trends in emissions, transport, and deposition of air pollutants, and their potential environmental effects.
Amann, M. [International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg (Austria); Carmichael, G.R. [Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States); Foell, W. [Resource Management Associates, Madison, WI (United States)] [and others
Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California
Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, and the implications for ozone air quality in California, by using pollution plumes. Strong dilution of Asian pollution plumes takes place during entrainment in the U
Park, Rokjin
Discharge cell for ozone generator
A discharge cell for use in an ozone generator is provided which can suppress a time-related reduction in ozone concentration without adding a catalytic gas such as nitrogen gas to oxygen gas as a raw material gas. The discharge cell includes a pair of electrodes disposed in an opposed spaced relation with a discharge space therebetween, and a dielectric layer of a three-layer structure consisting of three ceramic dielectric layers successively stacked on at least one of the electrodes, wherein a first dielectric layer of the dielectric layer contacting the one electrode contains no titanium dioxide, wherein a second dielectric layer of the dielectric layer exposed to the discharge space contains titanium dioxide in a metal element ratio of not lower than 10 wt %.
Nakatsuka, Suguru (Amagasaki, JP)
Y-12 Plant Stratospheric Ozone Protection plan
The Y-12 Plant staff is required by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems (Energy Systems) (formerly Martin Marietta Energy Systems) standard ESS-EP-129 to develop and implement a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program which will minimize emissions of ozone-depleting substances to the environment and maximize the use of ozone-safe alternatives in order to comply with Title VI of the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments and the implementing regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This plan describes the requirements, initiatives, and accomplishments of the Y-12 Plant Stratospheric Ozone Protection Program.
Tropospheric Ozone Pollution and Personal Exposure
://www.nctcog.org/trans/air/ozone/formation.gif #12;Health Effects · Chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, and congestion · Wheezing and difficulty
DOE's Studies of Weekday/Weekend Ozone Pollution in Southern...
Energy Savers [EERE]
DOE's Studies of WeekdayWeekend Ozone Pollution in Southern California DOE's Studies of WeekdayWeekend Ozone Pollution in Southern California 2002 DEER Conference Presentation:...
Weekday and Weekend Air Pollutant Levels in Ozone Problem Areas...
Ambient Ozone Formation as a Function of NOx Reductions Summary and Implications for Air Quality Impacts DOE's Studies of WeekdayWeekend Ozone Pollution in Southern...
The Weekend Ozone Effect - The Weekly Ambient Emissions Control...
More Documents & Publications WeekendWeekday Ozone Study in the South Coast Air Basin DOE's Studies of WeekdayWeekend Ozone Pollution in Southern California...
Free-Space Optical High-Speed Link in the Urban Area of Southern Rome: Preliminary Experimental
Free-Space Optical High-Speed Link in the Urban Area of Southern Rome: Preliminary Experimental Set is placed on water particle effects (fog and rain). A semi-empirical model evaluation of these atmospheric, Piazza Pakistan, height 50 m), and the headquarters of the Department of Foreign Trade (point C, Viale
Marzano, Frank Silvio
Contextualizing urban mobile fabrics
This thesis is focus on the urban fabric issues. To be more specific, I will focus on the "Mobile Fabrics" within the larger Asian urban context. Instead of working with a specific geographical site; I will focus on the ...
Lin, Michael Chia-Liang
Laboratory measurement of secondary pollutant yields from ozone reaction with HVAC filters.
from Ozone Reaction with HVAC Filters Hugo Destaillats,from Ozone Reaction with HVAC Filters Hugo Destaillatsfrom Ozone Reaction with HVAC Filters Hugo Destaillats
Destaillats, Hugo
E-Print Network 3.0 - aura-omi tropospheric ozone Sample Search...
atmospheric ozone. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the satellite provides global total column ozone (TCO) and in combination Summary: with other instruments...
Relation between hydrogen isotopic ratios of bone collagen and rain
The hydrogen isotopic value ([delta]D) of deer bone collagen is related to both [delta]D of rain during the growing season and growing season relative humidity (RH). With correction for the effects of RH, bone [delta]D is related to growing season rain [delta]D in a simple manner with a slope of 1.0. This indicates that, with RH correction, there are no additional sources of bias in the [delta]D of bone due to unaccounted for biologic or climatic effects. Due to a low sensitivity of bone [delta]D to RH effects, both yearly and growing season rain [delta]D can be estimated with considerable accuracy (R = 0.97 and R = 0.96) from bone collagen [delta]D and [delta][sup 15]N. Here, [delta][sup 15]N is used to correct bone [delta]D for the effects of RH. From these estimates of rain [delta]D, it may then be possible to evaluate temperature since the [delta]D of rain primarily reflects local temperature. Therefore, the measurement of bone collagen [delta]D has good potential for evaluating paleoclimates.
Cormie, A.B.; Schwarcz, H.P. (McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario (Canada)); Gray, J. (Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton (Canada))
17 October 2014 Antarctic Ozone Bulletin
as measured with an electrochemical ozonesonde on 10 October. One can see two large "bite-outs" of ozone). Ushuaia is marked with a green dot. One can see that Ushuaia is well inside the polar vortex. The PV data
Ozone treatment of biomass to enhance digestibility
is very resistant to enzymatic degradation. Lignocellulosic materials require pretreatment to enhance their digestibility. The main objective of this research was to further enhance the digestibility of biomass (bagasse) with ozonation as a follow...
Almendarez, Maria Elena
Pinatubo fails to deepen the ozone hole
When the Philippine volcano Pinatubo exploded last year, pumping the upper atmosphere full of find debris, researchers foresaw yet another assault on the stratosphere's beleaguered ozone layer. Some calculations of the effects of volcanic debris implied that as much as 25% to 30% of the ozone shield over temperature latitudes might be eaten away by the volcanic haze - five times the observed loss over the past decade. Early measurements didn't bear out that concern, but researchers weren't prepared to call off the alarm until the verdict came in from the most vulnerable part of the planet's ozone layer, the frigid stratosphere over Antarctica. Although the hole was more extensive than ever before, probably because of unusual weather patterns, total ozone bottomed out well above the record set last year - even a tad above the low levels seen in 1987, 1989, and 1990.
Kerr, R.A.
UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report Benefits of Installing Additional Rain Sensors within the UBC Irrigation System
.............................................................................................. 6 RAIN SENSOR BACKGROUND Additional Rain Sensors within the UBC Irrigation System Michael Thiessen, Chelsie Drysdale University of Installing Additional Rain Sensors within the UBC Irrigation System A Business Case Analysis Prepared for: Dr
Methane production from ozonated pulp mill effluent
A study was made of the production of methane from desugared spent sulfite liquor (SSL) reacted with ozone. The ozonated SSL was fed continuously to three anaerobic fermenters for three months as the sole source of carbon and energy. The fermenters were inoculated with anaerobic bacteria obtained from sewage sludge and acclimated for 1 month in ozonated SSL prior to continuous fermentation. Chemical and biological parameters such as COD, BOD, total sulfur content, redox potential, pH, fatty acid composition, and methane bacteria populations were monitored to determine changes in the SSL during fermentation. Methane production from ozone-treated SSL averaged 1.7 liters/ liter or 17 ml of CH/sub 4/ produced/gram of volatile solids fed. Fatty acis analysis of fermenter effluent indicated a net production of 58 mM/ liter of acetate during ozonated SSL fermentation. This acetic acid production shows future potential for further fermentation by protein-producing yeast. Although the rate of conversion of volatile solids to CH/sub 4/ in this process was not competitive with domestic or agricultural waste digesters, this study did indicate the potential benefits of ozonating organic wastes for increased methane fermentation yields.
Bremmon, C.E.; Jurgensen, M.F.; Patton, J.T.
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain information Sample Search Results
389H)5 389 DIRECT FOLIAR EFFECTS OF SIMULATED ACID RAIN I. DAMAGE, GROWTH... acid rain (pH 5-6, 40, 30 and 2 0) were observed for seedlings of four deciduous tree species...
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain researchniva Sample Search Results
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain workshop Sample Search Results
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rain Sample Search Results
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid rains status Sample Search Results
Modeling urban runoff characteristics
the impact that urban1zation has on storm runoff. An accurate method is required to model urban watersheds and to simulate storm runoff. Research Objectives The purpose of this research was to quantitatively define the effect that urbanization has... are typical in the sense that they follow the steps outlined above. These models include: the British Road Research Laboratory Nodel (RRL), 1962; the Chicago Hydrograph Method (NERO), 1970; the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model...
Garcia, Alfred
Artful urban rainwater harvesting.
??Until recently, stormwater management has been so integrated into the urban environment that the importance of proper stormwater management has not translated to the minds� (more)
Sparnicht, Christopher William
Atmospheric deposition of ^Be by rain events, in central Argentina
Atmospheric deposition of ^Be by rain events, in central Argentina Juri Ayub, J. , Di Gregorio, B Aplicada San Luis. UniversidadNacional de San Luis - CONICET. Ejercito de los Andes 950. Argentina. 2 Buenos Aires, Argentina 3. Escuela de Cienciay Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Martin de
Nacional de San Luis, Universidad
The development of winter hardiness of pine and spruce seedlings in a simulated acid rain experiment
The development of winter hardiness of pine and spruce seedlings in a simulated acid rain-April, when the starch grains again appeared (Fig. 4). The exposure to acid rain did not significantly affect.g., Davison and Barnes, 1986; Freer- Smith and Mansfield, 1987). However, the effects of acid rain on conifer
Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 503509 Trend of acid rain and neutralization by yellow sand
Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 503509 Trend of acid rain and neutralization by yellow sand 2001; accepted 11 April 2001 Abstract Acid rain and its neutralization by yellow sand in East Asia were was obtained. Firstly, the trend of the acid rain in East Asia due to the rapid increase of Chinese pollutants
ECOS Inquiries Series -University of Montana Effect of Acid Rain on the Ability of
1 ECOS Inquiries Series - University of Montana Effect of Acid Rain on the Ability of Soil Microbes OF ACID RAIN ON THE ABILITY OF SOIL MICROBES TO DECOMPOSE ORGANIC NITROGEN 3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: a ecosystems. One well known example of this is the production of acid rain due to certain air pollutants
Brewer, Carol
Neutralization of soil aerosol and its impact on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia
Neutralization of soil aerosol and its impact on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia. A modified deflation module is designed to provide explicit, and the distribution pattern of acid rain was also altered. The annual mean pH values in northern China and Korea show
Acid rain-the GEGB view G. D. HowellsandA. S. Kallend
Acid rain-the GEGB view G. D. HowellsandA. S. Kallend The article by John Franks (CJ'ern. -B conceh wirh acid rain follows thal policy In 1972.when Swedenput hs Case study on acid tain ro rhe United.Leatherhead,Sury Kr22 7SE. to acid rain,which does not justify th6 conlidenceshown by Franks. 'Acid in
Short, Daniel
An iterative process for international negociations on acid rain in Northern Europe
An iterative process for international negociations on acid rain in Northern Europe using a general 18.104.22.168) #12; An iterative process for international negotiations on acid rain in Northern Europe transboundary pollution problem related to acid rain in Northern Europe. This simulation shows the need
Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 19982000 tropical ozone climatology
ozone record from Paramaribo, Surinam (6°N, 55°W) (also in SHADOZ) shows a marked contrast to southern tropical ozone because Surinam is often north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A more
Thompson, Anne
Concentration of ozone in surface air over greater Boston
Surface ozone concentrations were measured in the Greater Boston area from November, 1964 to December, 1965. Ozone was monitored continuosly using a Mast microcoulombmetric sensor. A chromium trioxide filter was fitted to ...
Widen, Donald Allen
The impact of interannual variability on multidecadal total ozone simulations
to reinforce the chemical ozone depletion caused by the enhanced aerosol loading following the eruption of Mt
Jackman, Charles H.
Ozone treatment in a closed culture system for Macrobrachium rosenbergii
constant flow of air. The Orthotoridine-Manganese Method (OTM) wss employed to measure ozone in solution (APHA, 1976) . Because of the rapid rate of decomposition of ozone in water, it was determined that the production of ozone could not be measured... by introducing into water and then sampling that water for analysis with OTM. Therefore, ozone was introduced directly into a solution of OTM reagent with subsequent changes in color of the reagent, measured on a "B & L Spectronic 70" spectrophotometer, being...
Yamaguchi, Ryoji
A study of the effect of ozone and antioxidants on ozone-sensitive loblolly pine
and exposed to LSX ambient ozone for two months. Arrows indicate pestained SDS-PAGE molecular weight standards (kD) and Rubisco large subunit. Lane R = pure spinach Rubisco large subunit. Lanes 1 and 2 = control seedlings in the Ozoban study. Lanes 3 and 4... radicals are produced during normal metabolism when oxygen is reduced to water. Grimes et al. (1983) studied the products that form from ozone in cells and found no detectable superoxide radicals, leading them to propose that either ozone or hydroxyl...
Posey, Karen Lashea
A General Systems Theory for Rain Formation in Warm Clouds
A cumulus cloud model which can explain the observed characteristics of warm rain formation in monsoon clouds is presented. The model is based on classical statistical physical concepts and satisfies the principle of maximum entropy production. Atmospheric flows exhibit selfsimilar fractal fluctuations that are ubiquitous to all dynamical systems in nature, such as physical, chemical, social, etc and are characterized by inverse power law form for power (eddy energy) spectrum signifying long-range space-time correlations. A general systems theory model for atmospheric flows developed by the author is based on the concept that the large eddy energy is the integrated mean of enclosed turbulent (small scale) eddies. This model gives scale-free universal governing equations for cloud growth processes. The model predicted cloud parameters are in agreement with reported observations, in particular, the cloud dropsize distribution. Rain formation can occur in warm clouds within 30minutes lifetime under favourable conditions of moisture supply in the environment.
A. M. Selvam
Ozone determination in different copying centers
&ixicolr&gi 1st ed. , New York. Hemisphere Publishing Corp, 1 987, ppl35-13(? 12. Menzel, D. B. : Toxicity of Ozone, Oxygen and Radiation. AI111 Rev. of Pharmacol. 1970; 10: 37&)-394. 13. Menzel, D. B. : Ozone: An overview of its toxicity in m;in . in...-Threshold Limit Values for Chemi?;il Substances and Physical Agents in the Work Environm?ni 1991-1992. Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH 1991 24. Wadden, R. A. , and P. A. Scheff: /ndoor At't Pollt&ttr ii l si ?d New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc. , 1983, ppl-5. 25...
Lai, Chen-Fu
Rains County, Texas: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to: navigation, search RAPIDColoradosource HistoryRaft River SectorRainbow,Rains County,
Ideology of urban conservation�
Although urban heritage has been a research field in the focus of scholars� attention since the concepts of restoration and rehabilitation of monuments had been extended to entire areas such as historical city centres, ...
Stoica, Ruxandra-Iulia
Recursive relational urban design
This thesis proposes a methodology for the act of urban design that is recursive and centered around explicit relational operations, enabled by taking advantage of computation and parametric techniques. It contains iterative ...
Hillman, Dessen
Nuclear conflict and ozone depletion Quick summary
Nuclear conflict and ozone depletion Quick summary o Regional nuclear war could cause global which traps pollutants o Nuclear weapons cause explosions, which then causes things around the vicinity to start burning, which in turn releases black carbon; it is not the nuclear material or fallout causing
Towards sustainable urban communities
Requirements for the assessment tools of buildings have increased, assessing of building components or separate buildings is not enough. Neighbourhoods, built environment, public transportations, and services, should be considered simultaneously. Number of population living in urban areas is high and increasing rapidly. Urbanisation is a major concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment. The aim of this study is to clarify the field of assessment tools for urban communities by analysing the current situation. The focus is on internationally well known assessment tools; BREEAM Communities, CASBEE for Urban Development and LEED for Neigborhood Development. The interest towards certification systems is increasing amongst the authorities, and especially amongst the global investors and property developers. Achieved certifications are expected to bring measureable publicity for the developers. The assessment of urban areas enables the comparison of municipalities and urban areas, and notably supports decision making processes. Authorities, city planners, and designers would benefit most from the use of the tools during the decision making process. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The urban assessment tools have strong linkage to the region. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The tools promote complementary building and retrofitting existing sites. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sharing knowledge and experiences is important in the development of the tools.
Haapio, Appu, E-mail: email@example.com
Architecture & Urban Planning College of Architecture & Urban Planning
Architecture & Urban Planning College of Architecture & Urban Planning Architecture (ARCH) 300 projects for the remainder of the term. 560 Macroecon Envir Bus 3.00 ADVISORY, ENFORCED 74595 P RW REC 451
Shyy, Wei
Architecture & Urban Planning College of Architecture & Urban Planning Architecture (ARCH) 690 Arc is reserved for Executive MBA students only, and meets from 7/19- 9/6. 637 Macroecon Envir Bus 1.50 ADVISORY
E-Print Network 3.0 - african equatorial rain Sample Search Results
, and K. Walker Painemilla, editors. Hunting and Bushmeat Utilization in the African rain forest... , and the transformation of resource use in Central ... Source: Hardin, Rebecca...
E-Print Network 3.0 - alluvial atlantic rain Sample Search Results
types of lowland tropical rain forest: alluvial, sandstone hill... , and kerangas (heath) forest. Alluvial soils are more nutrient rich and have higher soil moisture than...
A little rain doesn't fix it: Farmers and ranchers remain cautious as drought continues
A little rain doesn?t fix it Farmers and ranchers remain cautious as drought continues Summer 2012 tx H2O 11 ] Story by Danielle Kalisek Rains in the Brazos Valley early in 2012 helped this grass green up, but more rains are needed now... to help warm-season grasses. Photo by Danielle Kalisek. This might sound like a broken record, but it still rings true: Last year?s drought was historic the worst one-year drought in Texas? history. #31;ough recent rains in some parts of the state...
Kalisek, Danielle
Retrieval of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III)
Retrieval of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas extinction. We retrieve ozone and nitrogen dioxide number densities and aerosol extinction from transmission), Retrieval of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III
Satellite observations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide: from retrievals to emission estimates
Satellite observations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide: from retrievals to emission estimates #12 Satellite observations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide: from retrievals to emission es- timates / by Bas Subject headings: satellite retrieval / nitrogen dioxide / ozone / air pollution / emis- sion estimates
Haak, Hein
Application of gaseous disinfectants ozone and chlorine dioxide for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores
inhibitor line Ozone Generator Oxygen Concentrator CellSequal oxygen concentrator and Pure-O-Tech ozone generator.This oxygen is then supplied into the ozone generator for
Aydogan, Ahmet
Ozone chemistry in the smoke from the Kuwait oil fires
Ozone depletion occurred in the core of the plume of smoke from the Kuwait oil fires within 100 km of the fires, primarily in regions where NO{sub x} concentrations were high and ultraviolet flux was near zero. Rapid conversion of NO to NO{sub 2} can explain almost all of the ozone loss. Ozone was produced in diffuse regions of the plume, where the ultraviolet flux was higher than in the core. However, due to the relatively high ratio of nonmethane hydrocarbons to NO{sub x}, ozone production was slow. Since ozone was produced in a much larger volume than it was depleted, the plume as a whole was a source of ozone on a regional scale. 27 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Herring, J.A.; Hobbs, P.V. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Ozone Removal by Filters Containing Activated Carbon: A Pilot Study
This study evaluated the ozone removal performance of moderate-cost particle filters containing activated carbon when installed in a commercial building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Filters containing 300 g of activated carbon per 0.09 m2 of filter face area were installed in two 'experimental' filter banks within an office building located in Sacramento, CA. The ozone removal performance of the filters was assessed through periodic measurements of ozone concentrations in the air upstream and downstream of the filters. Ozone concentrations were also measured upstream and downstream of a 'reference' filter bank containing filters without any activated carbon. The filter banks with prefilters containing activated carbon were removing 60percent to 70percent of the ozone 67 and 81 days after filter installation. In contrast, there was negligible ozone removal by the reference filter bank without activated carbon.
Fisk, William; Spears, Mike; Sullivan, Douglas; Mendell, Mark
Urban Growth and Climate Change
air pollution or urban water pollution, local and nationalbasic services of clean water and sanitation for a growing
Kahn, Matthew E.
airborne antarctic ozone: Topics by E-print Network
winter weather conditions: Severe cold and isolated air ow: circumpolar vortex North pole vortex breakdown replenishes ozone layer from outside: mixes air 12; E11;ects...
antarctic ozone recovery: Topics by E-print Network
antarctic ozone hole: Topics by E-print Network
antarctic ozone experiment: Topics by E-print Network
antarctic ozone depletion: Topics by E-print Network
Exposure-Relevant Ozone Chemistry in Occupied Spaces
from the material balance on ozone (equation 4-1). S [O 3 ](equation 5-2, which reflects a steady-state material balance
Coleman, Beverly Kaye
Ozone heating and the destabilization of traveling waves during summer
The effects of ozone heating on the linear stability of lower stratospheric traveling waves of the summertime, extratropical circulation are examined. Based on coupled equations for the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity and ozone volume mixing ratio, it is shown that the diabatic heating arising from ozone advection can offset the damping due to Newtonian cooling, leading to wave amplification and significant changes in the structure and zonally rectified fluxes of the wave fields in both the lower stratosphere and troposphere. The vertical profile of the zonal mean wind plays a crucial role in determining whether the ozone heating destabilizes eastward and/or westward traveling disturbances.
Nathan, T.R.; Cordero, E.C.; Li, L. [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)] [Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
NOx Emission Reduction and its Effects on Ozone during the 2008 Olympic Games
We applied a daily-assimilated inversion method to estimate NOx (NO+NO2) emissions for June-September 2007 and 2008 on the basis of the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and model simulations using the Regional chEmistry and trAnsport Model (REAM). Over urban Beijing, rural Beijing, and the Huabei Plain, OMI column NO2 reductions are approximately 45%, 33%, and 14%, respectively, while the corresponding anthropogenic NOx emission reductions are only 28%, 24%, and 6%, during the full emission control period (July 20 � Sep 20, 2008). The emission reduction began in early July and was in full force by July 20, corresponding to the scheduled implementation of emission controls over Beijing. The emissions did not appear to recover after the emission control period. Meteorological change from summer 2007 to 2008 is the main factor contributing to the column NO2 decreases not accounted for by the emission reduction. Model simulations suggest that the effect of emission reduction on ozone concentrations over Beijing is relatively minor using a standard VOC emission inventory in China. With an adjustment of the model emissions to reflect in situ observations of VOCs in Beijing, the model simulation suggests a larger effect of the emission reduction.
Yang, Qing; Wang, Yuhang; Zhao, Chun; Liu, Zhen; Gustafson, William I.; Shao, Min
E-Print Network 3.0 - ambient ozone levels Sample Search Results
level ozone. Lesson 2: Ozone Formation... , power plants and industry all emit air pollution that forms ... Source: Royer, Dana - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ash ozonation technology Sample Search...
ozonation technology Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: ash ozonation technology Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Fine volcanic Predicting...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ambient ozone growth Sample Search Results
Climate and Environment (Climate) Impacts of ozone on trees and crops Summary: and carbon sequestration. Vegetation exposure to ozone reduces photosynthesis, growth, and...
Influence of concrete fracture on the rain infiltration and thermal performance of building facades
Influence of concrete fracture on the rain infiltration and thermal performance of building facades., Foray G., Roux J.-J., 2013. Influence of concrete fracture on the rain infiltration and thermal is to be accounted for in long-term hygrothermal performance as- sessments of the building envelope. The present work
Rain splash of dry sand revealed by high-speed imaging and sticky paper splash targets
Rain splash of dry sand revealed by high-speed imaging and sticky paper splash targets David Jon by raindrop impacts. We use high-speed imaging of drop impacts on dry sand to describe the drop (2007), Rain splash of dry sand revealed by high-speed imaging and sticky paper splash targets, J
Smith, Higgin, and Raines Supplementary Data Site-specific folate conjugation to a cytotoxic protein
Smith, Higgin, and Raines Supplementary Data S1 Site-specific folate conjugation to a cytotoxic protein Bryan D. Smith, Joshua J. Higgin, and Ronald T. Raines* Page Contents DNA Synthesis S4 References and Notes S5 1 H NMR Spectrum of Folate Analogue 1 #12;Smith, Higgin
Raines, Ronald T.
Simultaneous Retreival of Surface Wind Speed and Rain Rate using Radar and Radiometer Measurements
to simultaneously retrieve the vertical profile of precipitation and the near-surface wind speed. ResultsSimultaneous Retreival of Surface Wind Speed and Rain Rate using Radar and Radiometer Measurements simultaneously estimates the over ocean near-surface wind speed and rain rate profile using data from a 10.7 GHz
Ruf, Christopher
function (GMF) which relates wind to backscatter (0 ) is not well understood for extremely high wind speedsRAIN AND WIND ESTIMATION FROM SEAWINDS IN HURRICANES AT ULTRA HIGH RESOLUTION Brent A. Williams method for estimating wind and rain in hurricanes from SeaWinds at ultra-high resolution is developed. We
Long, David G.
The urban coffee shop
This thesis is an investigation of the role of the coffee shop in the urban environment throughout history. Coffee shops spread from the Arab world to Europe and then to the U.S. at the end of the seventeenth century. ...
Chadios, Konstantinos
architecture architecture urban & regional
in architectural design, history, building construction, structures, and environmental technology from ourlandscape architecture architecture urban & regional planning environment + design college of fine-disciplinary studies. 18-to-1 Student-Teacher Ratio You'll enjoy individual, one-on-one attention in your architecture
Hwu, Wen-mei W.
Energy technology and emissions control for acid rain abatement in Asia
After more than ten years of research, acid rain is a sufficiently serious problem in North America to warrant control action. The acid rain problem has become a threat to the Asian continent as well. Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are already high and announces plans for increases in coal use by countries in the region imply a major increase in emissions in the future. This will inevitably lead to greater incidence of acid rain and probably significant environmental damage in some locations. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the issues relating to acid-rain-control technology in Asia and to suggest ways to include technology options in integrated simulation models of acid rain in Asia. 14 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs. (FL)
Streets, D.G.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Ozone and Short-term Mortality
. With the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS), we have developed na- tional approaches Ambient Air Qual- ity Standard (NAAQS) for ozone, adding a daily maximum 8-hour stan- dard of 80 ppb.19 Because of the relevance of epidemiologic evi- dence to the NAAQS for ozone and other pollutants
Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 31513160 Ozone removal by HVAC filters
Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 31513160 Ozone removal by HVAC filters P. Zhao, J.A. Siegel�?, R May 2006; accepted 14 June 2006 Abstract Residential and commercial HVAC filters that have been loaded of the relative importance of HVAC filters as a removal mechanism for ozone in residential and commercial
Siegel, Jeffrey
Proceedings: Indoor Air 2005 OZONE REMOVAL BY RESIDENTIAL HVAC FILTERS
Proceedings: Indoor Air 2005 2366 OZONE REMOVAL BY RESIDENTIAL HVAC FILTERS P Zhao1,2 , JA Siegel1, Austin, Texas 78758, USA ABSTRACT HVAC filters have a significant influence on indoor air quality% for Filter #2 at a face velocity of 0.81 cm/s. The potential for HVAC filters to affect ozone concentrations
IMPROVED MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF HURRICANE WIND SPEED AND RAIN RATES USING THE HURRICANE) that measures wind speed and rain rate along the ground track directly beneath the aircraft. This paper presents are presented, which illustrate wind speed and rain rate measurement spatial resolutions and swath coverage. 1
Isotopic evidence for source changes of nitrate in rain at Bermuda Meredith Galanter Hastings and Daniel M. Sigman
), or nitrate (NO3 �? ), is a significant contributor to acid rain, an important species in marineIsotopic evidence for source changes of nitrate in rain at Bermuda Meredith Galanter Hastings O is 68.6% and 76.9% (versus Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). The few cool season rain events
Sigman, Daniel M.
Summary of EPIC-2001 Rain Map Files EPIC Rainmap files were generated using all surveillance scans (3 tilt, full PPI)
information about the rain map cartesian grid and data values of radar reflectivity (dBZ) and rain rate (mm hrSummary of EPIC-2001 Rain Map Files EPIC Rainmap files were generated using all surveillance scans of the surveillance radar scan in UTC. The gif file (1) shows a 1-km height map (CAPPI) of rainfall intensity (mm hr-1
Rutledge, Steven
On the Differences in Storm Rainfall from Hurricanes Isidore and Lili. Part I: Satellite Observations and Rain Potential
Observations and Rain Potential HAIYAN JIANG AND JEFFREY B. HALVERSON Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology 2007) ABSTRACT It has been well known for years that the heavy rain and flooding of tropical cyclones's potential for inland flooding 34 days in advance of landfall. 1. Introduction The combination of rain
Jiang, Haiyan
Effects of 20002050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy-relevant background surface ozone
) project major changes in anthro- pogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone precur- sors over the 2Effects of 20002050 changes in climate and emissions on global tropospheric ozone and the policy; published 27 September 2008. [1] We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) driven by a general
Mickley, Loretta J.
Utv�rdering av urban�vindkraft; Evaluation of urban�windmill.
?? NCC har i samarbete med IVL Svenska Milj�institutet och Solna Stad startat ett projekt d�r alternativ energiproduktion i urban milj� ligger i fokus. Ett� (more)
Melin, Bj�rn
Proceedings: Indoor Air 2005 REACTIONS BETWEEN OZONE AND BUILDING PRODUCTS: IMPACT ON
Proceedings: Indoor Air 2005 2118 REACTIONS BETWEEN OZONE AND BUILDING PRODUCTS: IMPACT ON PRIMARY of reactions of ozone on building products and on their emissions in indoor air. For this purpose, 12 building products were exposed to ozone in a dedicated experimental setup. The measured ozone removal rate
Ozone ensemble forecast with machine learning Vivien Mallet,1,2
Ozone ensemble forecast with machine learning algorithms Vivien Mallet,1,2 Gilles Stoltz,3 forecasts. The latter rely on a multimodel ensemble built for ozone forecasting with the modeling system Europe in order to forecast ozone daily peaks and ozone hourly concentrations. On the basis of past
An ozone climatology of the Dallas-Fort Worth area and its relationship to meteorology
, no extensive studies on ozone in this area have been published. This study presents a broad overview of the ozone problem in the DFW area. An ozone spatial and temporal climatology was constructed using ozone data at 23 different monitoring sites from 1980...
Nobis, Timothy Edward
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Through Urban Forestry
. Retrieval Terms: urban forestry, carbon dioxide, sequestration, avoided energy The Authors E. Gregory McCarbon Dioxide Reduction Through Urban Forestry: Guidelines for Professional and Volunteer Tree; Simpson, James R. 1999. Carbon dioxide reduction through urban forestry
Evaluation of microporous carbon filters as catalysts for ozone decomposition
Ozone is produced in small quantities in photocopiers and laser printers in the workplace and large quantities in industrial waste water treatment facilities. Carbon filters are commonly used to decompose this unwanted ozone. The three most important factors in producing a filter for this purpose are flow properties, efficiency, and cost. Most ozone decomposition applications require very low back-pressure at modest flow rates. The tradeoff between the number of pores and the size of the pores will be discussed. Typical unfiltered emissions in the workplace are approximately 1 ppm. The maximum permissible exposure limit, PEL, for worker exposure to ozone is 0.1 ppm over 8 hours. Several methods have been examined to increase the efficiency of ozone decomposition. Carbon surfaces were modified with catalysts, the surface activated, and the surface area was increased, in attempts to decompose ozone more effectively. Methods to reduce both the processing and raw material costs were investigated. Several sources of microporous carbon were investigated as ozone decomposition catalysts. Cheaper processing routes including macropore templating, faster drying and extracting methods were also studied.
Whinnery, L.; Coutts, D.; Shen, C.; Adams, R. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States); Quintana, C.; Showalter, S. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Estimating changes in urban ozone concentrations due to life cycle emissions from hydrogen transportation systems
to hydrogen pathways: (1) on-site hydrogen production; (2)central hydrogen production with pipeline delivery;and (3) central hydrogen production with liquid hydrogen
Wang, Guihua; Ogden, Joan M; Chang, Daniel P.Y.
production with gaseous hydrogen pipeline delivery, and2) central hydrogen production with pipeline delivery; and (Central hydrogen production with pipeline delivery systems
UrbanSolutionsCenter Urban Uses for Dairy Manure Compost
UrbanSolutionsCenter Urban Uses for Dairy Manure Compost Background Construction of new homes with time and with heat and drought stress. Dairy manure compost (DMC) is readily available for amending regulatory agencies are developing mechanisms for using composted dairy manure to remedy disturbed soils
Bicycle Urbanism Symposium Page 1 of 15 BICYCLE URBANISM SYMPOSIUM
Bicycle Urbanism Symposium Page 1 of 15 BICYCLE URBANISM SYMPOSIUM SESSION DETAILS (Last updated Bicycle and Transit Connections in Seattle (panel) Chris Breiland, Fehr and Peers (moderator) Eileen it, how to get people to ride and become a great bicycling city? (workshop) Sara Zora, City
Hochberg, Michael
Bicycle Urbanism Symposium Page 1 of 4 BICYCLE URBANISM SYMPOSIUM
Bicycle Urbanism Symposium Page 1 of 4 BICYCLE URBANISM SYMPOSIUM POSTERS (Last updated June 19. Alternative and adaptive transportation: how do availability of bicycle, pedestrian and transit facilities. Benefit-Cost Analysis of Repealing Bicycle Helmet Regulations--Implications for the City of Seattle Zun
Ozone, an ambient pollutant, is transformed into other airborne pollutants in the indoor environment. In this dissertation, the type and amount of byproducts that result from ozone reactions with common indoor surfaces, surface residues, and vapors were determined, pollutant concentrations were related to occupant exposure, and frameworks were developed to predict byproduct concentrations under various indoor conditions. In Chapter 2, an analysis is presented of secondary organic aerosol formation from the reaction of ozone with gas-phase, terpene-containing consumer products in small chamber experiments under conditions relevant for residential and commercial buildings. The full particle size distribution was continuously monitored, and ultrafine and fine particle concentrations were in the range of 10 to>300 mu g m-3. Particle nucleation and growth dynamics were characterized.Chapter 3 presents an investigation of ozone reactions with aircraft cabin surfaces including carpet, seat fabric, plastics, and laundered and worn clothing fabric. Small chamber experiments were used to determine ozone deposition velocities, ozone reaction probabilities, byproduct emission rates, and byproduct yields for each surface category. The most commonly detected byproducts included C1?C10 saturated aldehydes and skin oil oxidation products. For all materials, emission rates were higher with ozone than without. Experimental results were used to predict byproduct exposure in the cabin and compare to other environments. Byproduct levels are predicted to be similar to ozone levels in the cabin, which have been found to be tens to low hundreds of ppb in the absence of an ozone converter. In Chapter 4, a model is presented that predicts ozone uptake by and byproduct emission from residual chemicals on surfaces. The effects of input parameters (residue surface concentration, ozone concentration, reactivity of the residue and the surface, near-surface airflow conditions, and byproduct yield) were explored. In Chapter 5, the reaction of ozone with permethrin, a residual insecticide used in aircraft cabins, to form phosgene is investigated. A derivatization technique was developed to detect phosgene at low levels, and chamber experiments were conducted with permethrin-coated cabin materials. It was determined that phosgene formation, if it occurs in the aircraft cabin, is not likely to exceed the relevant, health-based phosgene exposure guidelines.
Ozone generation by rock fracture: Earthquake early warning?
We report the production of up to 10 ppm ozone during crushing and grinding of typical terrestrial crust rocks in air, O{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} at atmospheric pressure, but not in helium or nitrogen. Ozone is formed by exoelectrons emitted by high electric fields, resulting from charge separation during fracture. The results suggest that ground level ozone produced by rock fracture, besides its potential health hazard, can be used for early warning in earthquakes and other catastrophes, such as landslides or land shifts in excavation tunnels and underground mines.
Baragiola, Raul A.; Dukes, Catherine A.; Hedges, Dawn [Engineering Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States)
Allowance trading activity and state regulatory rulings : evidence from the U.S. Acid Rain Program
The U.S. Acid Rain Program is one of the first, and by far the most extensive, applications of a market based approach to pollution control. From the beginning, there has been concern whether utilities would participate ...
Bailey, Elizabeth M.
Acid Rain Program 2 0 0 5 P R O G R E S S R E P O R T
Acid Rain Program 2 0 0 5 P R O G R E S S R E P O R T #12;Acid Rain Program 2005 Progress Report....................................................................................................2 Origins of the Acid Rain Program ................................................................4 Quantifying Costs and Benefits of the Acid Rain Program...........................24 Further National Controls
Laughlin, Robert B.
Urban Atmospheres captures a unique, synergistic moment
Urban Atmospheres captures a unique, synergistic moment � expanding urban populations, rapid EDITORS Eric Paulos Intel Research firstname.lastname@example.com Tom Jenkins Royal College of Art thomas
Paulos, Eric
Urban Enterprise Zone Program (New Jersey)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
New Jersey's Urban Enterprise (UEZ) Program operates under the Department of Community Affairs. The UEZ Program exists to foster an economic climate that revitalizes designated urban communities...
the ecosystem has yet to be fully constructed. Goals 1. To understand the drivers of carbon dynamics in urban. Vegetation (Trees and Shrubs) Storage and NPP Tree and Shrub Total NPP: 172 Gg C / Year Tree and Shrub Total on a per area basis, but there is more storage in trees and less in shrubs · NPP in urban mesic plots
Hall, Sharon J.
Integrated Title V/acid rain permits: Transitioning through initial permit issuance and reopenings
Titles IV and V of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (Act or CAA) created two new stationary source permitting programs, one specific to acid rain (Title IV), and a second for operating permits in general (Title V). The Phase 2 portion of the acid rain program was designed to be implemented through the Title V operating permit program, thereby subjecting all Phase 2 acid rain sources to the requirements of Title V. Permits issued pursuant to Phase 2 of the acid rain program will be viewed as a self-contained portion of the Title V operating permit and will be governed by regulations promulgated under both Title IV and Title V. The requirements imposed by Title IV may not always be consistent with the broader operating permit program requirements of Title V, and when inconsistency occurs, the acid rain requirements will take precedence. This nonalignment will perhaps be most apparent during two stages of initial permitting: (1) the transition period following Title V program approval when permit application, issuance, and effective dates differ between the two programs, and (2) at the point when acid rain permits must be reopened to incorporate Phase 2 NO{sub x} requirements. This paper explores strategies for streamlining implementation of the two programs with particular focus on these two coordination issues.
Bloomfield, C. [Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA (United States)
Morphology of rain water channelization in systematically varied model sandy soils
We visualize the formation of fingered flow in dry model sandy soils under different raining conditions using a quasi-2d experimental set-up, and systematically determine the impact of soil grain diameter and surface wetting property on water channelization phenomenon. The model sandy soils we use are random closely-packed glass beads with varied diameters and surface treatments. For hydrophilic sandy soils, our experiments show that rain water infiltrates into a shallow top layer of soil and creates a horizontal water wetting front that grows downward homogeneously until instabilities occur to form fingered flows. For hydrophobic sandy soils, in contrast, we observe that rain water ponds on the top of soil surface until the hydraulic pressure is strong enough to overcome the capillary repellency of soil and create narrow water channels that penetrate the soil packing. Varying the raindrop impinging speed has little influence on water channel formation. However, varying the rain rate causes significant changes in water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. At a fixed raining condition, we combine the effects of grain diameter and surface hydrophobicity into a single parameter and determine its influence on water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. We also demonstrate the efficiency of several soil water improvement methods that relate to rain water channelization phenomenon, including pre-wetting sandy soils at different level before rainfall, modifying soil surface flatness, and applying superabsorbent hydrogel particles as soil modifiers.
Y. Wei; C. M. Cejas; R. Barrois; R. Dreyfus; D. J. Durian
Ozone concentrations in El Paso, Texas
El Paso, Texas may have a problem in meeting ambient air standards due to influx of pollutants from foreign sources. Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, and Fort Bliss abut the city and are areas over which the Texas Air Control Board (TACB) has little or no jurisdiction. The Board maintains two Continuous Air Monitoring Stations (CAM) in El Paso. Ozone, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide data were obtained from these stations. If the EPA Empirical Kinetic Model is used for El Paso, reducing NMHC concentrations may increase rather than decrease O/sub 3/ concentrations. The Texas State Implementation Plan, while not based on Empirical Kinetic Modeling, calls for a reduction of 18% in NMHC. However, 31% of all NMHC in El Paso arise from sources over which Texas had little (a federal military reservation) or no (Cd. Juarez) jurisdiction. It appears the TACB is correct in believing the SIP for O/sub 3/ may not bring El Paso into compliance. (JMT)
Crocker, J.E. (Texas Air Control Board, Austin); Applegate, H.G.
Attosecond electronic and nuclear quantum photodynamics of the ozone molecule
Coupled electron-nuclear dynamics simulations are investigated for the ozone molecule on the attosecond time scale. The initial wavepacket is pumped as a coherent superposition of two or three electronic states.
Hal�sz, G. J. [Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, PO Box 12 (Hungary)] [Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, PO Box 12 (Hungary); Perveaux, A.; Lasorne, B.; Gatti, F. [CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)] [CTMM, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France); Robb, M. A. [Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)] [Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Vib�k, �. [Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, H-40410 Debrecen, PO Box 5 (Hungary)] [Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, H-40410 Debrecen, PO Box 5 (Hungary)
Global Health and Economic Impacts of Future Ozone Pollution
We assess the human health and economic impacts of projected 2000-2050 changes in ozone pollution using the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis-Health Effects (EPPA-HE) model, in combination with results from the ...
Webster, Mort D.
The role of ozone in tracheal cell transformation
This project examined the potential role of ozone as a respiratory carcinogen by characterizing its ability to induce or modulate the preneoplastic transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells. The chemical reactivity of ozone and the types of damage it can cause suggest that it may have a role in environmental carcinogenesis. Few other studies have examined the direct cytotoxic or transforming effects of ozone after in vivo or in vitro exposure of cells, and no studies have been reported on the comparative effects of ozone on respiratory cells exposed in vivo or in vitro. The induction of early preneoplastic changes in populations of rat tracheal epithelial cells by carcinogens can be detected and quantified in vitro after exposures in vivo or in vitro of tracheal epithelial cells. This cell culture and transformation system was used to characterize the transforming potency of ozone. Tracheal epithelial cells were isolated from Fischer-344/N rats that had been exposed for six hours per day, five days per week for one, two, or four weeks to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 parts per million (ppm)* ozone (sea-level equivalents). Cell populations were examined in culture for increases in the frequency of preneoplastic variants. Rats exposed to ozone did not exhibit an increase in the frequency of preneoplastic tracheal cells, although exposed tracheas did exhibit dose-dependent morphological changes. Rat tracheal epithelial cells were given single, 40-minute in vitro exposures to concentrations of ozone that did not result in any detectable decrease in colony-forming efficiency.
Thomassen, D.G.; Harkema, J.R.; Sun, J.D.; Stephens, N.D.; Griffith, W.C. (Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM (United States))
California Urban and Biodiversity Analysis (CURBA)
California Urban and Biodiversity Analysis (CURBA) Model #12;Presentation Overview · Model Overview and Fragmentation Analysis Modules · Indication of Effects of Policy on Biodiversity Model Overview #12;· Urban on Biodiversity Model Overview #12;Urban Growth Model: Review · Estimate county based urbanization equations: Prob
Clarke, Keith
Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 141 Removal of Indoor Ozone with Reactive Materials: Preliminary Results and
Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 141 Removal of Indoor Ozone with Reactive Materials air quality. #12;Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 141 Removing ozone from indoor
Urban Reclamation in S�o Paulo
The urbanized terrain of S�o Paulo is characterized by wasteful landscapes on peripheral areas of the metropolitan agglomeration, and decaying landscapes of waste in the core of the city. If on the one hand, the increasingly ...
Eskinazi, Victor
Great Cities Institute Comparative Urbanisms
Great Cities Institute Comparative Urbanisms Seminar Series Governance and Social Innovation those "socially innovative strategies" undertaken by citizens in different European cities, identity, governance and social innovation. Her upcoming publications include "Multilevel Governance
Illinois at Chicago, University of
Controlling Bats in Urban Areas
to avoid obstacles and capture insects. Bats also emit audible sounds that may be used for communi- cation. L-1913 4-08 Controlling BATS Damage In urban areas, bats may become a nuisance becauseoftheirsqueaking,scratchingandcrawl- inginattics...
Texas Wildlife Services
URBAN EXTENTS Bosnia-Herzego
URBAN EXTENTS Bosnia-Herzego Switzerland Czech Republic Germany Croatia Hungary Poland Slovakia. Adriatic Sea Bosnia- Herzegovina This document is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License
Columbia University
Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development
94 (3): 656�90. Quigley, John M. 1998. �Urban Diversity andItaly, July 3. John M. Quigley GCU_04pp115-132.indd 129wasn�t fully legible
Urban and peri-urban agriculture and its zoonotic risks in Kampala, Uganda�
In developing countries, cities are rapidly expanding, and urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has an important role in feeding a growing urban population. However, UPA carries risks of zoonotic disease transmission. ...
Makita, Kohei
Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban and a suburban area of Korea from 2002 to 2004
Atmospheric bulk samples (wet and dry) were collected monthly during 2002 to 2004 from an urban and a suburban area in Korea for assessment of depositional flux and seasonal variations in the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH depositional flux ranged from 64.1 to 610 {mu} g/m{sup 2}/y for the urban area and from 65 to 460 {mu} g/m{sup 2}/y for the suburban area. The fluxes of PAHs measured in this study were comparable with those reported for urban and suburban areas in other countries. The fluxes of particulates and PAHs were higher in winter than in summer, consistent with the greater per capita consumption of fossil fuel in winter than in summer. Ambient temperature played a major role in the seasonal variability in PAH fluxes. Photochemical degradation of PAHs appears to occur during the summer months. The relationship of PAH depositional fluxes with major air pollutants, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and presence of particulate matter up to 10 {mu} m in size (PM10), was also investigated. Dominant PAH compounds in both the urban and the suburban locations were benzo(g,h,i)perylene, pyrene, and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene. Based on the PAH diagnostic ratios and a factor analysis, the major sources of PAHs in the urban and the suburban regions were found to be similar. Diesel exhaust, coal combustion, and gasoline emissions contributed predominantly to atmospheric PAH contamination.
Moon, H.B.; Kannan, K.; Lee, S.J.; Ok, G. [National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Pusan (Republic of Korea)
Urban Microclimate, a Study of Energy Balance and Fluid Dynamics /
The International Urban Energy Balance Models ComparisonT. Williamson, Urban surface energy balance models: modelof the international urban energy balance model comparison,
Yaghoobian, Neda
Comparison of three vertically resolved ozone data sets: climatology, trends and radiative forcings
Climate models that do not simulate changes in stratospheric ozone concentrations require the prescription of ozone fields to accurately calculate UV fluxes and stratospheric heating rates. In this study, three different ...
Hassler, B.
Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 14251436 A development of ozone abatement strategies for the Grenoble
Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 14251436 A development of ozone abatement strategies are generated in the Grenoble plume. For developing ozone abatement strategies it is important to know whether
A delayed effect of ozone fumigation on photosynthesis of Norway spruce
A delayed effect of ozone fumigation on photosynthesis of Norway spruce D. Eamus1 A.W. Davis J into the long-lastincl effects of ozone fumiga- tion upon photosynthesis of Norway spruce. Measurements were
E-Print Network 3.0 - acute ozone-induced change Sample Search...
Abstract Predicting ozone-induced reduction of carbon... a leaf-level model to the whole tree, it is possible to investigate whether the ozone-induced ... Source: Michigan...
Pilot Scale Study of Excess Sludge Production Reduction in Wastewater Treatment by Ozone
Pilot Scale Study of Excess Sludge Production Reduction in Wastewater Treatment by Ozone Yuan Ma-scale reactors were operated at the LaPrairie Wastewater Treatment plant (one control and one ozonated
Barthelat, Francois
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid regulates ozone-induced Sample Search...
ozone-induced Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: acid regulates ozone-induced Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Plant Molecular Biology 51:...
Acid rain program: CEMS submission instructions for monitoring plans, certification test notifications, and quarterly reports
The Acid Rain Program regulations require all affected utility units to continuously measure, record and report SO2, NOx, volumetric flow data and CO2 emissions. All affected units also must continuously measure and record opacity, and must report opacity exceedances to the appropriate State or Local Agency. To ensure that your CEMS and fuel flowmeters are performing at an acceptable level, and providing quality assured data, you are required under 40 CFR 75.53, 75.62 (a) to submit a monitoring plan and certification test data for acid rain CEM certificaton. The purpose of this handbook is to help you fulfill your requirements under the Acid Rain Program. This handbook will walk you through the necessary steps for gaining CEMS certification, including filling out and mailing the proper forms, administering the required tests, and applying for certification and sending in electronic data to EPA.
Meteorological Simulations of Ozone Episode Case Days during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study
Meteorological simulations centered around the border cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez have been performed during an ozone episode that occurred on Aug. 13,1996 during the 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study field campaign. Simulations were petiormed using the HOTMAC mesoscale meteorological model using a 1,2,4, and 8 km horizontal grid size nested mesh system. Investigation of the vertical structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer for the Aug. 11-13 time period is emphasized in this paper. Comparison of model-produced wind speed profiles to rawirisonde and radar profiler measurements shows reasonable agreement. A persistent upper-level jet was captured in the model simulations through data assimilation. In the evening hours, the model was not able to produce the strong wind direction shear seen in the radar wind profiles. Based on virtual potential temperature profile comparisons, the model appears to correctly simulate the daytime growth of the convective mixed layer. However, the model underestimates the cooling of the surface layer at night. We found that the upper-level jet significantly impacted the turbulence structure of the boundary layer, leading to relatively high turbulent kinetic energy (tke) values aloft at night. The model indicates that these high tke values aloft enhance the mid-morning growth of the boundary layer. No upper-level turbulence measurements were available to verify this finding, however. Radar profiler-derived mixing heights do indicate relatively rapid morning growth of the mixed layer.
Brown, M.J.; Costigan, K.; Muller, C.; Wang, G.
1 Ozone pollution forecasting 3 Herve Cardot, Christophe Crambes and Pascal Sarda.
Contents 1 Ozone pollution forecasting 3 Herv´e Cardot, Christophe Crambes and Pascal Sarda. 1;1 Ozone pollution forecasting using conditional mean and conditional quantiles with functional covariates Herv´e Cardot, Christophe Crambes and Pascal Sarda. 1.1 Introduction Prediction of Ozone pollution
Crambes, Christophe
he skies open and water gushes off roofs, down gutters and into drains. Heavy rain quickly overwhelms the drainage
T he skies open and water gushes off roofs, down gutters and into drains. Heavy rain quickly risk heavy rain will cause flooding. Even if this isn't possible, water can be held in underground overwhelms the drainage network; before long, water backs up and starts creeping towards buildings. In cities
Brierley, Andrew
PAR conversion efficiencies of a tropical rain forest R.J. Luxmoore1 J.G. Saldarriaga2
-MJ-1 range of PAR energy conversion values derived from Jordan (1971) for 17 forest types, includingPAR conversion efficiencies of a tropical rain forest R.J. Luxmoore1 J.G. Saldarriaga2 1) absorbed during various stages of regeneration of a tropical rain forest in the upper Rio Negro region
Ozone induces glucose intolerance and systemic metabolic effects in young and aged brown Norway rats
Air pollutants have been associated with increased diabetes in humans. We hypothesized that ozone would impair glucose homeostasis by altering insulin signaling and/or endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress in young and aged rats. One, 4, 12, and 24 month old Brown Norway (BN) rats were exposed to air or ozone, 0.25 or 1.0 ppm, 6 h/day for 2 days (acute) or 2 d/week for 13 weeks (subchronic). Additionally, 4 month old rats were exposed to air or 1.0 ppm ozone, 6 h/day for 1 or 2 days (time-course). Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed immediately after exposure. Serum and tissue biomarkers were analyzed 18 h after final ozone for acute and subchronic studies, and immediately after each day of exposure in the time-course study. Age-related glucose intolerance and increases in metabolic biomarkers were apparent at baseline. Acute ozone caused hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in rats of all ages. Ozone-induced glucose intolerance was reduced in rats exposed for 13 weeks. Acute, but not subchronic ozone increased ?{sub 2}-macroglobulin, adiponectin and osteopontin. Time-course analysis indicated glucose intolerance at days 1 and 2 (2 > 1), and a recovery 18 h post ozone. Leptin increased day 1 and epinephrine at all times after ozone. Ozone tended to decrease phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 in liver and adipose tissues. ER stress appeared to be the consequence of ozone induced acute metabolic impairment since transcriptional markers of ER stress increased only after 2 days of ozone. In conclusion, acute ozone exposure induces marked systemic metabolic impairments in BN rats of all ages, likely through sympathetic stimulation. - Highlights: � Air pollutants have been associated with increased diabetes in humans. � Acute ozone exposure produces profound metabolic alterations in rats. � Age influences metabolic risk factors in aging BN rats. � Acute metabolic effects are reversible and repeated exposure reduces these effects. � Ozone metabolic effects are only slightly exacerbated in geriatric rats.
Bass, V. [Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Gordon, C.J.; Jarema, K.A.; MacPhail, R.C. [Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Cascio, W.E. [Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Phillips, P.M. [Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Ledbetter, A.D.; Schladweiler, M.C. [Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Andrews, D. [Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Miller, D. [Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States); Doerfler, D.L. [Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States); Kodavanti, U.P., E-mail: email@example.com [Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
A window on urban sustainability
Sustainable urban development requires the integration of environmental interests in urban planning. Although various methods of environmental assessment have been developed, plan outcomes are often disappointing due to the complex nature of decision-making in urban planning, which takes place in multiple arenas within multiple policy networks involving diverse stakeholders. We argue that the concept of �decision windows� can structure this seemingly chaotic chain of interrelated decisions. First, explicitly considering the dynamics of the decision-making process, we further conceptualized decision windows as moments in an intricate web of substantively connected deliberative processes where issues are reframed within a decision-making arena, and interests may be linked within and across arenas. Adopting this perspective in two case studies, we then explored how decision windows arise, which factors determine their effectiveness and how their occurrence can be influenced so as to arrive at more sustainable solutions. We conclude that the integration of environmental interests in urban planning is highly dependent on the ability of the professionals involved to recognize and manipulate decision windows. Finally, we explore how decision windows may be opened. -- Highlights: � Decision-making about sustainable urban development occurs in networks. � The concept of �decision windows� was further elaborated. � Decision windows help understand how environmental interests enter decision-making. � Decision windows can, to some extent, be influenced.
Stigt, Rien van, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Research Center for Technology and Innovation, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 182, 3500 AD Utrecht (Netherlands); Driessen, Peter P.J., E-mail: email@example.com [Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands); Spit, Tejo J.M., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht (Netherlands)
Sustainable Urban Development: A Literature Review and Analysis
Towards Sustainable Development and Sustainable Urban Forms,Sustainable Urban Development Sustainable Seattle Indicatorseds. , Making Development Sustainable: From Concepts to
Wheeler, Stephen
Essays on rural-urban migration in hinterland China
Marriage Rates in Rural China . . . . . . . . . . .Urban Migration in Hinterland China . . . . . . . . . .and Rural-Urban Migration in Hinterland China . . . . . 1.
Meng, Lei
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 23, No. 3, September 2003 ( 2003) Ozone Production in the Negative DC Corona
: Corona discharge; corona plasma; plasma reacting flow; ozone; electrostatic precipitator; Damkohler
Chen, Junhong
Rain Garden construction in Monmouth County has accelerated consid-erably since the early planning days in 2003 with our local Watershed
and shore tour- ism industry came from people pollution Sunny Days for Rain Gardens -- Progress towardsRain Garden construction in Monmouth County has accelerated consid- erably since the early planning
Goodman, Robert M.
Generation of graphitic soot by an urban fire storm
The authors have obtained samples of aerosols deposited during the Hiroshima fire storm that was initiated by the atomic bomb detonated on August 6, 1945. These particles, which we extracted from streaks of black rain found on a plaster wall, are being studied. Initial studies show that the artifact appears to contain aerosol particles that may be representative of the aerosols that may lead to a nuclear winter. Aerosol generation in urban fire storms have been considered by studying these particles. The presence of graphite as a component of these particles is suggested by electron photomicrographs and has been confirmed using Raman spectroscopy, surface ionization mass spectroscopy, and electron scattering for chemical analysis. Several hypotheses are being considered to explain the presence of this form of carbon. Among these are generation in sooty clouds, in raindrops, in the interior of the first storm, and on the wall surface itself. The distribution of particle sizes suggests that the residence time of particles in the atmosphere would be long if they were not removed by rainout. An experimental and theoretical examination of the conditions necessary to produce graphitic soot is in progress.
Fields, D.E.; Cole, L.L.
Director Position Center for Urban Transportation
Director Position Center for Urban Transportation The Center for Urban Transportation Research for state policymakers, transportation agencies, transportation professionals and the public. CUTR conducts of Transportation's Federal Transit Administration and Federal Highway Administration, the Florida Department
Arslan, Hüseyin
Containers : project for a new urbanism
This project investigates the possibilities of a new urbanism in vast territories of urban industrial and logistics landscapes, which have become a significant feature of the American city. It is a search for a hybrid ...
Ghasemkhani, Yashar
Urban regeneration : enabled by mobility centric architecture
The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a new urban architectural prototype to reinvigorate the British New Town. New models of adaptable, sustainable, architecture and urban design are explored with the ultimate ...
Higgins, Wayne Charles
High-resolution urban thermal sharpener (HUTS)
the�urban�heat�island�of�Houston,�Texas,� Remote�Sensing�of�infrared� remote�sensing�and�GIS�to�asses�the�urban�heat�heat�island�analysis. �Photogrammetric�Engineering�&�Remote�
Dominguez, Anthony; Kleissl, Jan; Luvall, Jeffrey C; Rickman, Douglas L
Field crossings : hybridizing the urban park
The growth and identity of urban open space is a vital issue facing our cities today. The development and revitalization of old industrial centers in the United States has prompted urban transformations in usage, densification ...
Cyphers, Scott M
Water Conservation with Urban Landscape Plants
Water shortages are a common problem in much of the southwest. Increasing urbanization and increasing population places greater demands on dwindling water supplies. Over half of the water used in urban areas of the southwest is used...
Hip, B. W.; Giordano, C.; Simpson, B.
Urban waterfront : problems and potentials of Boston
The essence of this thesis is based on the fact that downtown waterfronts are special urban areas in a city. These areas offer unique opportunities for providing cultural and recreational public amenities to urban life. ...
Hossain, Mohammad Iqbal
Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of acid rain electronic data reports
Entergy Corporation is a Phase II utility with a fossil generation base composed primarily of natural gas and low sulfur coal. This paper presents an analysis of a large Phase II utility`s continuous emissions monitoring data reported to EPA under Title IV Acid Rain. Electric utilities currently report hourly emissions of NO{sub x}, SO{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, fuel use, and generation through electronic data reports to EPA. This paper describes strengths and weaknesses of the data reported to EPA as determined through an analysis of 1995 data. Emissions reported by this company under acid rain for SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} are very different from emissions reported to state agencies for annual emission inventory purposes in past years and will represent a significant break with historic trends. A comparison of emissions has been made of 1995 emissions reported under Electronic Data Reports to the emissions that would have been reported using emission factors and fuel data in past years. In addition, the paper examines the impacts of 40 CFR Part 75 Acid Rain requirements such as missing data substitution and monitor bias adjustments. Measurement system errors including stack flow measurement and false NO{sub x}Lb/MMBtu readings at very low loads are discussed. This paper describes the implications for public policy, compliance, emissions inventories, and business decisions of Part 75 acid rain monitoring and reporting requirements.
Schott, J. [Entergy Corp., Beaumont, TX (United States)
With Chest Waders, Hip Boots, Or Rain Gear R. O. Parker Jr.
With Chest Waders, Hip Boots, Or Rain Gear R. O. Parker Jr. Neither chest wade rs, hip boots, nor actually be the safe st. If y ou are wearing bulky clothing in addition toyour boots, and do nothing afte r my head, will my waterlogged boots '~ and clothing cause me to sink? If I plunge in head first
The time it never rained: How Texas water management has changed because of recurring droughts
. I get to thinkin? sometimes that maybe drouth is the normal condition here and the rainy years are the #25;eaks.? Charlie Flagg Chapter #23;#21; #31;e Time It Never Rained, by Elmer Kelton ?#30;e drought of the #23;#22;#21;#24;s was a lot...
Wythe, Kathy
Adriano Galati Christian Olms Jonathan Haber Kasia Warpas ... let it rain
Adriano Galati Christian Olms Jonathan Haber Kasia Warpas ... let it rain Tuesday, 12 July 2011 #firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Tuesday, 12 July 2011 #12;
Subramanian, Sriram
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean
investigate the conversion of gravitational energy into viscous heating and the thermal equilibration betweenDirect numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean H. Ichikawa,1,2 S. Labrosse,1 and K of metal in a magma ocean. The model, using a fully Lagrangian approach called the moving particle semi
and for improving parameterization cloud processes in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models or assimilation in these models. Although operational networks of Weather Radars are expanding over Europe and the United StatesVALIDATION OF RAIN RATE RETRIEVALS FROM SEVIRI USING WEATHER RADAR OBSERVATIONS R. A. Roebeling
Stoffelen, Ad
Tellus(1985),37A, 209-232 Fractal propertiesof rain, and a fractal model
t i.."* i.. j lv Tellus(1985),37A, 209-232 Fractal propertiesof rain, and a fractal model By S with other approaches. The theory of fractals has been in part motivated by the Hurst effect, which is an empirical observationin hydrology and climatology. A fractal is an unsmooth shapethat is scaling,that is
Lovejoy, Shaun
Tellus (1985),37A, 209-232 Fractal properties of rain, and a fractal model
Tellus (1985),37A, 209-232 Fractal properties of rain, and a fractal model By S. LOVEJOY, EERMICRMD is also compared with other approaches. The theory of fractals has been in part motivated by the Hurst effect. which is an empirical observation in hydrology and climatology. A fractal is an unsmooth shape
Response of shoot growth and gas exchange of Picea abies clones to rain acidity
Response of shoot growth and gas exchange of Picea abies clones to rain acidity and the addition, particularly the effect of acidity and the addition of a realistic ionic mixture to simulated acidic.0 with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids (S02-/NO-weight ratio = 2.4). Ionic concentrations m mg/1were: 4.50 S
Cycling in the wet Wet weather (or at least the threat of rain) puts a
lubrication so you may need to check items such as chain and gears on a daily basis during a spell of bad weather. Make sure your brakes are in top condition, tyres well pumped and remember that it takes longer such as painted road markings and metal plates can provide very little friction in the rain and can be extremely
Bristol, University of
Climate change as a confounding factor in reversibility of acidification: RAIN and CLIMEX projects Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5(3), 477486 (2001) EGS
canopy at KIM catchment excluded about 80% of ambient acid deposition; clean rain was sprinkled under on the south coast in the zone of maximum acid deposition for Norway. The RAIN project used a 1200 m2 roofClimate change as a confounding factor in reversibility of acidification: RAIN and CLIMEX projects
Learning about ozone depletion Paul J. Crutzen & Michael Oppenheimer
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Oppenheimer, Michael
Investigation of the Atmospheric Ozone Impacts of Methyl Iodide
J. R. Holmes (1977): �Nitrogen Dioxide Photolysis in the LosO3 Ozone NO Nitric Oxide NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NO3 NitrateNitrogen Pentoxide HONO Nitrous Acid HNO3 Nitric Acid HNO4 Peroxynitric Acid HO2H Hydrogen Peroxide CO Carbon Monoxide SO2 Sulfur Dioxide
Carter, W P L
for expanding their cycling networks, combined with a range of complementary programs such as bike sharing, bikeBICYCLE URBANISM SYMPOSIUM KEYNOTE ADDRESS Cycling to the Future: Lessons from Cities across the Globe In this talk, John Pucher documents the boom in cycling in both European and North American cities
Urban Racial Segregation Measures Comparison
. Douglas Wunneburger, from the Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning for his guidance and support through the course of this research. His GIS classes have opened my eyes to a new powerful tool to analyze from a different view. I wish...
Djonie, Jamil
Urban/Suburban Landscape & Conservation
of groundwater 5) Increased production of CO2 #12;3 Ground water pollution due to "storm run-off" - Construction.S. was fairly distinctly split into localized urban- industrial landscapes and widespread rural landscapes to development pressure in terms of housing, infrastructure and industry Impacting habitat cont. 1) Fragmentation
Dever, Jennifer A.
The Center for Urban Entrepreneurship &
-commerce business models; effective communication for women in business; and technology transfer and countertradeThe Center for Urban Entrepreneurship & Economic Development (CUEED) Business Science Technology business.rutgers.edu Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey founded 1766 Business Science Technology
E-Print Network 3.0 - assessing urban contamination Sample Search...
12;Urban Soil - Compaction 12;Urban... Engineering Urban Soils to Improve Landscape Tree Performance P. Eric Wiseman, Ph.D. Assistant... Professor, Urban Forestry ... Source:...
The Quality Assurance Manual and EPA`s acid rain data quality
November 15, 1990 saw the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Within this law was the requirements for all electric utility units greater than 25 megawatts of generated electrical capacity to monitor SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, CO{sub 2}, opacity, and volumetric flow of the stack gases. This paper summarizes the Acid Rain Program`s approach to Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) Quality Control and Quality Assurance requirements and their use in the market based pollution control program of Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This paper attempts to present the perspective of the authors as to what is important for excellent monitoring system availability and ensuring accurate data acquisition. Emphasis is placed upon the Quality Assurance Manual required by the Acid Rain Regulations for affected unit`s to maintain and follow.
Bloomer, B.J. [EPA, Washington, DC (United States). Acid Rain Div.; Winkler, J.P. [EPA, Dallas, TX (United States)
Beamfilling correction study for retrieval of oceanic rain from passive microwave observations
Constant in R-T relationship????????????.??..?.??. 6 2 Spatial resolution for each TMI channel?????????????... 7 3 ARMAR system parameters ?????????.????????... 13 4 The impact of path averaging on STD of rain rate ??????..??? 21 5... except for TMI 19 GHz channel ???????????. 8 3 Same as Fig. 1 except for TMI 10 GHz channel ..????????.??.. 8 4 Comparison between Chiu?s BCF formula and real data BCF calculations???????????????????????.??.. 10 5 ARMAR observational...
Chen, Ruiyue
Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Rain on Measured Freeway Traffic Parameters1 Meead Saberi K.4
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Bertini, Robert L.
Changes in Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) retrievals due to the orbit boost estimated from rain gauge data
in precipitation retrievals from the satellite data alone. We estimate changes in TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and the Precipitation Radar (PR) precipitation retrievals due to the orbit boost by comparing them with surface rain gauges on ocean buoys operated...
DeMoss, Jeremy
Characteristics of U.S. Extreme Rain Events during 19992003 RUSS S. SCHUMACHER AND RICHARD H. JOHNSON
. JOHNSON Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (Manuscript-rain-producing weather systems are organized and the conditions in which they occur, Schumacher and Johnson (2005
Johnson, Richard H.
TRACKING THE LITTLE BLACK "RAIN" CLOUDS: AN ENVIRO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch were wonderful research hosts and helpful model critics. Thank you
Voluntary compliance with market-based environment poliy [sic] : evidence from the U.S. acid rain program
The U.S. acid rain program, Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, is a pioneering experience in environmental regulation by setting a market for electric utility emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and by including ...
Montero, Juan Pablo
The red rain phenomenon of Kerala and its possible extraterrestrial origin
A red rain phenomenon occurred in Kerala, India starting from 25th July 2001, in which the rainwater appeared coloured in various localized places that are spread over a few hundred kilometers in Kerala. Maximum cases were reported during the first 10 days and isolated cases were found to occur for about 2 months. The striking red colouration of the rainwater was found to be due to the suspension of microscopic red particles having the appearance of biological cells. These particles have no similarity with usual desert dust. An estimated minimum quantity of 50,000 kg of red particles has fallen from the sky through red rain. An analysis of this strange phenomenon further shows that the conventional atmospheric transport processes like dust storms etc. cannot explain this phenomenon. The electron microscopic study of the red particles shows fine cell structure indicating their biological cell like nature. EDAX analysis shows that the major elements present in these cell like particles are carbon and oxygen. Strangely, a test for DNA using Ethidium Bromide dye fluorescence technique indicates absence of DNA in these cells. In the context of a suspected link between a meteor airburst event and the red rain, the possibility for the extraterrestrial origin of these particles from cometary fragments is discussed.
Godfrey Louis; A. Santhosh Kumar
The Roles of Cloud Drop Effective Radius and LWP in Determining Rain Properties in Marine Stratocumulus
Numerical simulations described in previous studies showed that adding cloud condensation nuclei to marine stratocumulus can prevent their breakup from closed into open cells. Additional analyses of the same simulations show that the suppression of rain is well described in terms of cloud drop effective radius (re). Rain is initiated when re near cloud top is around 12-14 um. Cloud water starts to get depleted when column-maximum rain intensity (Rmax) exceeds 0.1 mm h-1. This happens when cloud-top re reaches 14 um. Rmax is mostly less than 0.1 mm h-1 at re<14 um, regardless of the cloud water path, but increases rapidly when re exceeds 14 um. This is in agreement with recent aircraft observations and theoretical observations in convective clouds so that the mechanism is not limited to describing marine stratocumulus. These results support the hypothesis that the onset of significant precipitation is determined by the number of nucleated cloud drops and the height (H) above cloud base within the cloud that is required for cloud drops to reach re of 14 um. In turn, this can explain the conditions for initiation of significant drizzle and opening of closed cells providing the basis for a simple parameterization for GCMs that unifies the representation of both precipitating and non-precipitating clouds as well as the transition between them. Furthermore, satellite global observations of cloud depth (from base to top), and cloud top re can be used to derive and validate this parameterization.
Rosenfeld, Daniel; Wang, Hailong; Rasch, Philip J.
Rain water transport and storage in a model sandy soil with hydrogel particle additives
We study rain water infiltration and drainage in a dry model sandy soil with superabsorbent hydrogel particle additives by measuring the mass of retained water for non-ponding rainfall using a self-built 3D laboratory set-up. In the pure model sandy soil, the retained water curve measurements indicate that instead of a stable horizontal wetting front that grows downward uniformly, a narrow fingered flow forms under the top layer of water-saturated soil. This rain water channelization phenomenon not only further reduces the available rain water in the plant root zone, but also affects the efficiency of soil additives, such as superabsorbent hydrogel particles. Our studies show that the shape of the retained water curve for a soil packing with hydrogel particle additives strongly depends on the location and the concentration of the hydrogel particles in the model sandy soil. By carefully choosing the particle size and distribution methods, we may use the swollen hydrogel particles to modify the soil pore structure, to clog or extend the water channels in sandy soils, or to build water reservoirs in the plant root zone.
Y. Wei; D. J. Durian
Influence of rain on air-sea gas exchange: Lessons from a model ocean David T. Ho,1,2
Influence of rain on air-sea gas exchange: Lessons from a model ocean David T. Ho,1,2 Christopher J-sea gas exchange: Lessons from a model ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S18, doi:10.1029/2003JC001806. 1; published 1 July 2004. [1] Rain has been shown to significantly enhance the rate of air-water gas exchange
Ho, David
Scale-Up and Demonstration of Fly Ash Ozonation Technology
The disposal of fly ash from the combustion of coal has become increasingly important. When the fly ash does not meet the required specification for the product or market intended, it is necessary to beneficiate it to achieve the desired quality. This project, conducted at PPL's Montour SES, is the first near full-scale ({approx}10 ton/day), demonstration of ash ozonation technology. Bituminous and sub bituminous ashes, including two ash samples that contained activated carbon, were treated during the project. Results from the tests were very promising. The ashes were successfully treated with ozone, yielding concrete-suitable ash quality. Preliminary process cost estimates indicate that capital and operating costs to treat unburned carbon are competitive with other commercial ash beneficiation technologies at a fraction of the cost of lost sales and/or ash disposal costs. This is the final technical report under DOE Cooperative Agreement No.: DE-FC26-03NT41730.
Rui Afonso; R. Hurt; I. Kulaots
CF[sub 3] chemistry: Potential implications for stratospheric ozone
The authors address questions about the chemistry of CF[sub 3] bearing compounds in the atmosphere, and the impact that the existence of and reaction rate constants for such species may have on stratospheric ozone. Species considered include CF[sub 3], CF[sub 3]O, CF[sub 3]O[sub 2], CF[sub 3]OH, CF[sub 3]OOH, CF[sub 3]ONO[sub 2], CF[sub 3]O[sub 2]NO[sub 2], and CF[sub 3]OOCl. Based on their calculational results, the authors suggest a number of experimental measurements which should substantially decrease uncertainties associated with the role of CF[sub 3] species in atmospheric chemistry related to ozone.
Ko, M.K.W.; Sze, N.D.; Rodriguez, J.M.; Weistenstein, D.K.; Heisey, C.W. (Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA (United States)); Wayne, R.P.; Biggs, P.; Canosa-Mas, C.E. (Univ. of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)); Sidebottom, H.W.; Treacy, J. (Univ. College, Dublin (Ireland))
Oxygen in the interstellar medium is seen in the gas phase, in ices (incorporated in H{sub 2}O, CO, and CO{sub 2}), and in grains such as (Mg{sub x} Fe{sub 1-x} )SiO{sub 3} or (Mg{sub x} Fe{sub 1-x} ){sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, 0 < x < 1. In this investigation, we study the diffusion of oxygen atoms and the formation of oxygen molecules and ozone on the surface of an amorphous silicate film. We find that ozone is formed at low temperature (<30 K), and molecular oxygen forms when the diffusion of oxygen atoms becomes significant, at around 60 K. This experiment, besides being the first determination of the diffusion energy barrier (1785 {+-} 35 K) for oxygen atoms on a silicate surface, suggests bare silicates as a possible storage place for oxygen atoms in low-A{sub v} environments.
Jing Dapeng; He Jiao; Vidali, Gianfranco [Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 (United States); Brucato, John Robert; Tozzetti, Lorenzo [Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence (Italy); De Sio, Antonio [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, I-50125 Florence (Italy)
Meeting the New Ozone Standard: Challenges and Opportunities
This presentation by Anna Garcia, executive director of the Ozone Transport Commission, was part of the July 2008 Webcast sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program Clean Energy and Air Quality Integration Initiative that was titled Role of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Improving Air Quality and Addressing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals on High Electric Demand Days.
Urbanizing Watersheds and Changing River Flood Dynamics: Implications for Urban Wetland Restoration
Urbanization alters river hydrology, morphology, water quality, and habitat and ecology. Most of these associated changes are due to an increase in impervious surface cover (ISC) throughout the watershed. But the spatial location of urban areas...
Simmons, M.
Urban Parks: The Value of Small Urban Parks, Plazas and Other Outdoor Spaces
People need parks. Great urban parks are places where communities come together, people interact, and social capital develops. Learn the characteristics of great urban parks and how they are created....
Shafer, Carl Scott; Jacob, John
SproutslO Urban Microfarm : interactive indoor farming system for urban use
SproutslO Urban Microfarm is an interactive farming system that enables people to reliably grow and access healthy produce in urban areas. The introduction of a localized system with the capacity to induce scalar impact ...
Farah, Jennifer Broutin
Urban settlement issues : observations from 181 surveys of urban dwelling environments in developing countries
Observations and summaries were made on 181 surveys of urban dwelling environments in developing countries, carried out by members of the Urban Settlement Design Program (U.S.D.P.), at MIT. The focus of this study is in ...
Wang, Chih-chien, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
An urban weather generator coupling a building simulation program with an urban canopy model
The increase in air temperature observed in urban environments compared to the undeveloped rural surroundings, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, is being intensely studied, due to its adverse environmental and ...
Bueno Unzeta, Bruno
Boundaries to membranes : the urban project revisited : an urban strategy for Rio de Janeiro, Zona Norte
This thesis investigates urban boundaries in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The Zona Norte transitioned in the last hundred years from a rural outskirts area of Rio, into its industrial hinterland, into a fully urbanized ...
Dudek, Phebe (Phebe Helena Melania)
Roofing as a Contributor to Urban Runoff Pollution
at: http://www.eng.ua.edu/~rpitt Map courtesy of U.S. Geological Website on Acid Rain #12;2 Roof · Summer 2002: Laboratory TCLP (acid rain simulation) · Fall/Winter 2002 and Spring 2003: Laboratory Testing Set-Up at Penn State Harrisburg During Rain Event, August 2005 pH Rainfall pH Range: 3.9 6
Clark, Shirley E.
E-Print Network 3.0 - arctic ozone loss Sample Search Results
Chemistry Summary: stratospheric ozone losses during cold Arctic Januaries, M. Rex, R. J. Salaw- itch, M. L. Santee, J. W. Waters... , and UARS MLS to demonstrate that the...
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78992007 Summary: ozone depletion based on sequential assimilation of satellite data from the ENVISATMIPAS and Odin... 2007 Abstract. The objective of this study...
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Materials Science ; Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 12 Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 141 Removal of Indoor Ozone with Reactive Materials: Preliminary...
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Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology ; Geosciences 78 Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 336 Time-Scale Analysis for Reactive Deposition of Ozone via Passive...
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Summary: students confuse the relationship between the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect, thus confusing... , and to suggest more effective teaching methods. 2....
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are analyzed... to superposition of the "natural" pro- cesses. Comparison of the total ozone ... Source: Ecole Polytechnique, Centre de mathmatiques Collection:...
Strategies for systemic urban constructed wetlands
As a result of ubiquitous impermeable surfaces, conventional water management and stormwater infrastructure, and the resultant degradation of natural hydrologic networks, most American urban areas have suffered severely ...
Balderas-Guzm�n, Celina
1Assessment of Urban and Regional Research in the Netherlands, 2000-2006 Assessment of Urban
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An Inside Look at Bogot's Urban Renewal From Broad Urban Stories to Everyday Tales
was considered the sixth-best city in Latin America to do business. Yet the process has not been free1 An Inside Look at Bogotá's Urban Renewal From Broad Urban Stories to Everyday Tales Camilo Andrés process of urban renewal that fostered the insertion of the city in the international scene. In order
TRAN KHAC et al. Urban lakes: interaction between phytoplankton
through physical-chemical and biological field data collection and (2) simultaneously to survey, are common in urban and peri-urban landscape. Urban lakes play a key role in recreation and storing rainwater
Faculty perceptions of presidential leadership in urban school reform
The study examined urban university faculty members� perceptions of their presidents� leadership role in urban school reform. The population for this study consisted of faculty members from five urban research universities. All of the universities...
McClendon, Rodney Prescott
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 2002 ( 2002) Ozone Production in the Positive DC Corona
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 2002 ( 2002) Ozone Production the distribution of ozone, but does not affect the rate of production. KEY WORDS: Corona discharge; corona plasma
Urban NPS Measures Thomas E. Davenport
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Urban agriculture is a gateway to healthy foods
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P�rez, John A
Community Renewable Energy Success Stories: Wind Energy in Urban...
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biomass, such as peanut shells, for urban transportation. The process involves pyrolysis of the biomassHYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION Collaborating Project Team Y. Yeboah (PI) and K and liquid fuels) · Potential sources of hydrogen include biomass, natural gas and other fossil fuels. #12
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Ensemble forecasting with machine learning algorithms for ozone, nitrogen dioxide and PM10 on the Prev'Air
Ensemble forecasting with machine learning algorithms for ozone, nitrogen dioxide and PM10'Air operational platform. This platform aims at forecasting maps, on a daily basis, for ozone, nitrogen dioxide models, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, threshold exceedance 1. Introduction1 Operational
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Experimental study of reactions between ozone and building products M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F. Maupetit*
ozone and building products and document their potential impact on indoor air quality. PreliminaryExperimental study of reactions between ozone and building products M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F experiments were conducted on four building products: two carpets, a gypsum board and a pine wood board
Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument nitrogen dioxide columns E. A. Celarier,1
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Martin, Randall
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Tropospheric ozone trends at Mauna Loa Observatory tied to decadal climate variability
measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii reveal little change in tropospheric ozone levels during spring a suite of chemistryclimate model simulations. We show that the flow of ozone-rich air from Eurasia towards Hawaii during spring weakened in the 2000s as a result of La-Niña-like decadal cooling
PPPL-3281, Preprint: January 1998, UC-426 Synthesis of Ozone at Atmospheric Pressure
to ~250 ppm were produced using a thermal plasma reactor system based on an ICP torch operating at 2.5 MHz by rapid mixing of molecular oxygen with atomic oxygen produced by the torch. The ozone concentration in industrial processes is increasing. Applications for ozone include treatment of waste water, water
Separating the dynamical effects of climate change and ozone depletion. Part
) fixed at 1960 levels and ozone depleting substances (ODSs) varying in time, 2) ODSs fixed at 1960 levels averaged wave drag in SH spring and summer, as well as for final warming dates. Ozone depletion a significant impact on the stratosphere on both a global and a regional scale. Over the past three decades
Wirosoetisno, Djoko
Chapter Descriptions, Parties Request, and Timetable 2010 WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment
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The Role of Material Porosity on Ozone Uptake for Metakaolin-Concrete Surfaces
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Simultaneous retrievals of column ozone and aerosol optical properties from direct and diffuse solar irradiance measurements
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Effects of Sodium Chloride Particles, Ozone, UV, and Relative Humidity on Atmospheric Corrosion of Silver
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Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?
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NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST2009 16(2):307313 Variation in Ozone Sensitivity Within Indian Hemp and
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Decoteau, Dennis R.
Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences
of anthropogenic emissions from Canada, Mexico, and outside North America on daily maximum 8-hour average ozone Surface ozone Air quality standard Chemical transport model Global model a b s t r a c t We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with 1 �? 1 horizontal resolution to quantify the effects
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. In this paper we focus on South Eastern South America (SESA), a region that has exhibited one of the largest South America 1 Introduction The depletion of ozone in the polar Antarctic strato- sphere (i.e. `theStratospheric ozone depletion: a key driver of recent precipitation trends in South Eastern South
Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, South Africa, from 1990 to 1994 and 1998 to 2002
Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, South Africa, from 1990 to 1994 and 1998 to 2002 R. D in South Africa are reported for the period 1990 to 1994 and a more recent period, 1998 to 2002, when), Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, South Africa, from 1990 to 1994 and 1998 to 2002, J. Geophys. Res
Passive Ozone Control Through Use of Reactive Indoor Wall and Ceiling Materials
Passive Ozone Control Through Use of Reactive Indoor Wall and Ceiling Materials Paper # 715 Donna A and unpainted drywall as passive ozone control surfaces in a room-sized laboratory chamber. Mean deposition-50%, resulted in increased reactivity for activated carbon. In our model for a typical house, about 35
Microsoft PowerPoint - 16.0855_Raines Draft Rev 4 | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |EnergyonSupport0.pdf5 OPAM SEMIANNUAL REPORTMAMay 20Field6.0855_Raines Draft Rev 4 Microsoft
Meteorological and air quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetative cover in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada
The study described in this report is part of a project sponsored by the Toronto Atmospheric Fund, performed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, to assess the potential role of surface property modifications on energy, meteorology, and air quality in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. Numerical models were used to establish the possible meteorological and ozone air-quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetative fraction, i.e., ''cool-city'' strategies that can mitigate the urban heat island (UHI), significantly reduce urban energy consumption, and improve thermal comfort, particularly during periods of hot weather in summer. Mitigation is even more important during critical heat wave periods with possible increased heat-related hospitalization and mortality. The evidence suggests that on an annual basis cool-city strategies are beneficial, and the implementation of such measures is currently being investigated in the U.S. and Canada. We simulated possible scenari os for urban heat-island mitigation in the GTA and investigated consequent meteorological changes, and also performed limited air-quality analysis to assess related impacts. The study was based on a combination of mesoscale meteorological modeling, Lagrangian (trajectory), and photochemical trajectory modeling to assess the potential meteorological and ozone air-quality impacts of cool-city strategies. As available air-quality and emissions data are incompatible with models currently in use at LBNL, our air-quality analysis was based on photochemical trajectory modeling. Because of questions as to the accuracy and appropriateness of this approach, in our opinion this aspect of the study can be improved in the future, and the air-quality results discussed in this report should be viewed as relatively qualitative. The MM5 meteorological model predicts a UHI in the order of 2 to 3 degrees C in locations of maxima, and about 1 degree C as a typical value over most of the urban area. Our si mulations suggest that cool-city strategies can typically reduce local urban air temperature by 0.5-1 degrees C; as more sporadic events, larger decreases (1.5 degrees C, 2.5-2.7 degrees C and 4-6 degrees C) were also simulated. With regard to ozone mixing ratios along the simulated trajectories, the effects of cool-city strategies appear to be on the order of 2 ppb, a typical decrease. The photochemical trajectory model (CIT) also simulates larger decreases (e.g., 4 to 8 ppb), but these are not taken as representative of the potential impacts in this report. A comparison with other simulations suggest very crudely that a decrease of this magnitude corresponds to significant ''equivalent'' decreases in both NOx and VOCs emissions in the region. Our preliminary results suggest that significant UHI control can be achieved with cool-cities strategies in the GTA and is therefore worth further study. We recommend that better input data and more accurate modeling schemes be used to carry out f uture studies in the same direction.
Taha, Haider; Hammer, Hillel; Akbari, Hashem
Effective Fall 2014 Requirements for the Urban Architecture and
Effective Fall 2014 8.20.14 Requirements for the Urban Architecture and Urban Design Specialization Required Core Courses: (13 credits) ________ ARCH 507 Sustainable Urbanism (3 credits) ________ ARCH 535 as part of the urban architecture specialization in Portland. In the case that one or more of these course
Ozone-depleting-substance control and phase-out plan
Title VI of the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 requires regulation of the use and disposal of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) (e.g., Halon, Freon). Several important federal regulations have been promulgated that affect the use of such substances at the Hanford Site. On April 23, 1993, Executive Order (EO) 12843, Procurement Requirements and Policies for Federal Agencies for Ozone-Depleting Substances (EPA 1993) was issued for Federal facilities to conform to the new US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations implementing the Clean Air Act of 1963 (CAA), Section 613, as amended. To implement the requirements of Title VI the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL), issued a directive to the Hanford Site contractors on May 25, 1994 (Wisness 1994). The directive assigns Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) the lead in coordinating the development of a sitewide comprehensive implementation plan to be drafted by July 29, 1994 and completed by September 30, 1994. The implementation plan will address several areas where immediate compliance action is required. It will identify all current uses of ODSs and inventories, document the remaining useful life of equipment that contains ODS chemicals, provide a phase-out schedule, and provide a strategy that will be implemented consistently by all the Hanford Site contractors. This plan also addresses the critical and required elements of Federal regulations, the EO, and US Department of Energy (DOE) guidance. This plan is intended to establish a sitewide management system to address the clean air requirements.
Nickels, J.M.; Brown, M.J.
The combustion of fossil fuels is profoundly altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Beginning with the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 280 to 370 {micro}l l{sup -1} in 2004, and it is expected to exceed 550 {micro}l l{sup -1} by 2050. Tropospheric ozone has risen even more rapidly than CO{sub 2} and average summer concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere are expected to continue to increase by 0.5-2.5% per year over the next 30 years. Although elevated CO{sub 2} stimulates photosynthesis and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, ozone (O{sub 3}) is deleterious. In addition to directly affecting the physiology and productivity of crops, increased concentrations of tropospheric CO{sub 2} and O{sub 3} are predicted to lower the nutritional quality of leaves, which has the potential to increase herbivory as insects eat more to meet their nutritional demands. We tested the hypothesis that changes in tropospheric chemistry affect the relationship between plants and insect herbivores by changing leaf quality. The susceptibility to herbivory of soybean grown in elevated CO{sub 2} or O{sub 3} was examined using free air gas concentration enrichment (SoyFACE). FACE technology has the advantage that plants are cultivated under realistic field conditions with no unwanted alteration of microclimate or artificial constraints on the insect community.
Iron speciation in urban dust
An improved understanding of anthropogenic impacts on ocean fertility requires knowledge of anthropogenic dust mineralogy and associated Fe speciation as a critical step toward developing Fe solubility models constrained by mineralogical composition. This study explored the utility of micro-focused X-ray absorption spectroscopy ({mu}-XAS) in characterizing the speciation of Fe in urban dust samples. A micro-focused beam of 10 x 7 {mu}m made possible the measurement of the Fe K edge XAS spectra of individual dust particles in the PM5.6 size fraction collected in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Spectral analysis indicated the presence of mixtures of Fe-containing minerals within individual dust particles; we observed significant magnetite content along with other Fe(III)-(hydr)oxide minerals which could not be conclusively identified. Our data indicate that detailed quantitative determination of Fe speciation requires extended energy scans to constrain the types and relative abundance of Fe species present. We observe heterogeneity in Fe speciation at the dust particle level, which underscores the importance of analyzing a statistically adequate number of particles within each dust sample. Where possible, {mu}-XAS measurements should be complemented with additional characterization techniques such as {mu}-XRD and bulk XAS to obtain a comprehensive picture of the Fe speciation in dust materials. X-ray microprobes should be used to complement bulk methods used to determine particle composition, methods that fail to record particle heterogeneity. Keywords - Urban dust; Iron; Speciation; Micro-focused X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Elzinga, E.J.; Fitts, J.; Gao, Y.; Tappero, R.
The Savannah River Site, in conjunction with AREVA Federal services, has designed a process to treat dissolved radioactive waste solids with ozone. It is known that in this radioactive waste process, radionuclides radiolytically break down water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, which presents a well defined flammability hazard. Flammability limits have been established for both ozone and hydrogen separately; however, there is little information on mixtures of hydrogen and ozone. Therefore, testing was designed to provide critical flammability information necessary to support safety related considerations for the development of ozone treatment and potential scale-up to the commercial level. Since information was lacking on flammability issues at low levels of hydrogen and ozone, a testing program was developed to focus on filling this portion of the information gap. A 2-L vessel was used to conduct flammability tests at atmospheric pressure and temperature using a fuse wire ignition source at 1 percent ozone intervals spanning from no ozone to the Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) of ozone in the vessel, determined as 8.4%(v/v) ozone. An ozone generator and ozone detector were used to generate and measure the ozone concentration within the vessel in situ, since ozone decomposes rapidly on standing. The lower flammability limit of hydrogen in an ozone-oxygen mixture was found to decrease from the LFL of hydrogen in air, determined as 4.2 % (v/v) in this vessel. From the results of this testing, Savannah River was able to develop safety procedures and operating parameters to effectively minimize the formation of a flammable atmosphere.
Sherburne, Carol [Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Remediation, LLC; Osterberg, Paul [Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL (United States); Johnson, Tom [Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL (United States); Frawely, Thomas [Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL (United States)
Raindrop size distributions and radar reflectivity-rain rate relationships for radar hydrology Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5(4), 615627 (2001) EGS
Raindrop size distributions and radar reflectivity-rain rate relationships for radar hydrology 615 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5(4), 615627 (2001) © EGS Raindrop size distributions and radar reflectivityrain rate relationships for radar hydrology* Remko Uijlenhoet1 Sub-department Water Resources
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Problem 11, Spring 2014 We Didn't Get Much into Acid Rain...this shows how rainwater is naturally
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Problem 11, Spring 2014 We Didn't Get Much into Acid Rain...this shows how rainwater is naturally acidic from atmospheric carbon dioxide alone The pH of fresh water is determined equilibrium, calculate the amount of dissolved CO2 ([H2CO3]) in a rain droplet that is equilibrium with air
Ecophysiological Responses of C3 Forbs and C4 Grasses to Drought and Rain on a Tallgrass Prairie in Northeastern Kansas
Ecophysiological responses to drought and a 3-cm rain were measured in seven C3 forb and five C4 grass species on a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas. In general, midday leaf water potentials and conductances increased after rain to a greater...
Martin, Craig E.; Harris, Fred S.; Norman, Frank J.
Surface modification of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes by ozone via atomic layer deposition
The use of ozone as an oxidizing agent for atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes is rapidly growing due to its strong oxidizing capabilities. However, the effect of ozone on nanostructured substrates such as nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) are not very well understood and may provide an avenue toward functionalizing the carbon nanotube surface prior to deposition. The effects of ALD ozone treatment on NCNTs and PCNTs using 10?wt. % ozone at temperatures of 150, 250, and 300?�C are studied. The effect of ozone pulse time and ALD cycle number on NCNTs and PCNTs was also investigated. Morphological changes to the substrate were observed by scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements were also conducted to determine surface area, pore size, and pore size distribution following ozone treatment. The graphitic nature of both NCNTs and PCNTs was determined using Raman analysis while x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to probe the chemical nature of NCNTs. It was found that O{sub 3} attack occurs preferentially to the outermost geometric surface of NCNTs. Our research also revealed that the deleterious effects of ozone are found only on NCNTs while little or no damage occurs on PCNTs. Furthermore, XPS analysis indicated that ALD ozone treatment on NCNTs, at elevated temperatures, results in loss of nitrogen content. Our studies demonstrate that ALD ozone treatment is an effective avenue toward creating low nitrogen content, defect rich substrates for use in electrochemical applications and ALD of various metal/metal oxides.
Lushington, Andrew; Liu, Jian; Tang, Yongji; Li, Ruying; Sun, Xueliang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9 (Canada)
Urban Retrofit: A Whole-Watershed Approach to Urban Stormwater Management
rainwater �catchment �cisterns � � Derby/Po)er �Creek �Watershed: �Urban �Stormwater �for � managing �stormwater. �Rainwater �catchment �can �be �Stormwater �Management. � � Capturing �rainwater �runoff �
Lithander, Becky
Urban Decontamination Experience at Pripyat Ukraine - 13526
This paper describes the efficiency of radioactive decontamination activities of the urban landscape in the town of Pripyat, Ukraine. Different methods of treatment for various urban infrastructure and different radioactive contaminants are assessed. Long term changes in the radiation condition of decontaminated urban landscapes are evaluated: 1. Decontamination of the urban system requires the simultaneous application of multiple methods including mechanical, chemical, and biological. 2. If a large area has been contaminated, decontamination of local areas of a temporary nature. Over time, there is a repeated contamination of these sites due to wind transport from neighboring areas. 3. Involvement of earth-moving equipment and removal of top soil by industrial method achieves 20-fold reduction in the level of contamination by radioactive substances, but it leads to large amounts of waste (up to 1500 tons per hectare), and leads to the re-contamination of treated areas due to scatter when loading, transport pollutants on the wheels of vehicles, etc.. (authors)
Paskevych, Sergiy [Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 36 a Kirova str. Chornobyl, Kiev region, 07200 (Ukraine)] [Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 36 a Kirova str. Chornobyl, Kiev region, 07200 (Ukraine); Voropay, Dmitry [Federal State Unitary Enterprise 'Russian State Center of Inventory and Registration and Real Estate - Federal Bureau of Technical Inventory', 37-2 Bernadsky Prospekt, Moscow Russia 119415 (Russian Federation)] [Federal State Unitary Enterprise 'Russian State Center of Inventory and Registration and Real Estate - Federal Bureau of Technical Inventory', 37-2 Bernadsky Prospekt, Moscow Russia 119415 (Russian Federation); Schmieman, Eric [Battelle Memorial Institute, PO Box 999 MSIN K6-90, Richland, WA 99352 (United States)] [Battelle Memorial Institute, PO Box 999 MSIN K6-90, Richland, WA 99352 (United States)
Cornell's Urban Sustainability Initiatives ACSF Lunch Summary
Sustainability Initiatives lunch. After introductions of participants, Josh Cerra (Landscape Architecture) gave sustainability initiatives conducted in cooperation with Landscape Architecture in the ethnically diverseCornell's Urban Sustainability Initiatives ACSF Lunch Summary Compiled by Marianne Krasny (NTRES
Angenent, Lars T.
Counter urban transformation in Istanbul Beyoglu
Urban transformation has become central to the Turkish government's neo-liberal program of commercial development for Istanbul. These transformations have provoked public discontent and passionate responses, the largest ...
Uzunyayla, Sakine Dicle
Methods for Allocating Urban Emergency Units
An urban emergency service system provides mobile units (vehicles) to respond to requests for service which can occur at any time and any place throughout a city. This paper surveys recent quantitative work aimed at improving ...
Chaiken, Jan M.
Biofuels grant..........................3 Urban design video.................3
· Biofuels grant..........................3 · Urban design video.................3 A monthly report represent- ing regional organizations, local governments, and regulatory agencies. TIRP is intended, and fostering collaboration between government and academia. Dawn Spanhake, CTS assistant director of program
Urban solarium : thermal performance in Boston
This thesis addresses the issue of energy efficiency through the lens of thermal performance in the context of urban housing in the city of Boston. Located in the historic brick row house neighborhood of the South End, the ...
Hsu, Juliet Chia-Wen
Ecotransology : integrated design for urban mobility
This thesis demonstrates a rethinking of urban mobility through ecological design. Human mobility and ecological accountability are inextricably linked in city design; our current world ecological crisis underscores this ...
Joachim, Mitchell Whitney
Metromorphosis : evolution on the urban island
Cities are very much alive. Like islands, they provide a natural testing ground for evolution. With more than half of the world's population living in urban areas now, the influence cities have on the planet's life is ...
Vezina, Kenrick (Kenrick Freitas)
Webinar: Tapping Into Wind in Urban Environments
This live webinar presented by DOE on�"Community Renewable Energy Success Stories: Tapping into Wind in Urban Environments" will take place�on Tuesday, September 18, 2012, from 3:00 � 4:15 p.m....
The urban garden : Port Alliance, Texas
This thesis focuses on of three urban parks; Central Park i n New York , the Fens to Franklin Park in Boston, and Rock Creek Park in washington, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and the growth of the cities around them. ...
Manning, Isaac Hall, 1958-
Urban Parks: Volunteers and Civic Engagement
When citizens are engaged with urban park and recreation departments, everyone benefits. This publication describes successful programs that involve community volunteers, and explains what managers can do to engage citizens in such programs....
Schuett, Michael A.
5, 1118311213, 2005 simulation of urban
com-25 plex, and hence, it requires a special treatment. The surface energy balance is the 11184 #12/surfaces and urban districts such as city center, high buildings, industrial, and residential. Results showed strong
Sustainable and equitable urban environments in Asia
This study identifies some of the factors and conditions that can encourage the development of sustainable and equitable urban environments. It argues that cities will continue to grow and that it is not productive to view ...
Badshah, Akhtar
Urban Water Conservation along the Rio Grande
Urban Water Conservation along the Rio Grande THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY An Inventory of Water Conservation Programs TR 269 SP 201 Valeen Silvy, 1 Ronald Kaiser, 2 Bruce Lesikar 3 and Craig Runyan... water running into the streets from irrigation systems. Urban water conservation incorporates water- saving measures and incentives for the home, on the landscape and throughout the city water distribution system. It is easy to differentiate be...
Silvey, Valeen; Kaiser, Ronald; Lesikar, Bruce; Runyan, Craig
How Can China Lighten Up? Urbanization, Industrialization and Energy Demand Scenarios
urbanization and trade to elucidate the energy and emissionsindustrial energy use, lower urbanization and trade as wellof urbanization rate and trade as well as energy efficiency
Aden, Nathaniel T.
Dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western I. Lekoucha,b,c
the growing tourist industry. To face the conventional water shortage and rising water prices, the use1 Dew, fog, and rain as supplementary sources of water in south-western Morocco I. Lekoucha,b,c , M as alternative or supplemental sources of water. Four standard dew condensers and a passive fog net collector
Lots of data, how do we use it? Strengths and inaccuracies of utility acid rain electronic data reports
Entergy Corporation is a Phase II utility with a fossil generation base composed primarily natural gas and low sulfur coal. This paper presents an analysis of a large Phase II utility`s continuous emissions monitoring data reported to EPA under Title IV Acid Rain. Electric utilities currently report hourly emissions of NOx, SO{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, fuel use, and generation through electronic data reports to EPA. This paper describes strengths and weaknesses of the data reported to EPA as determined through an analysis of 1995 data. Emissions reported by this company tinder acid rain for SO{sub 2} and NOx are very different from emissions reported to state agencies for annual emission inventory purposes in past years and will represent a significant break with historic trends. A comparison of emissions has been made of 1995 emissions reported under Electronic Data Reports to the emissions that would have been reported using emission factors and fuel data in past years. In addition, the paper examines the impacts of 40 CFR Part 75 Acid Rain requirements such as missing data substitution and monitor bias adjustments. Measurement system errors including stack flow measurement and false NOx Lb/MMBtu readings at very low loads are discussed. This paper describes the implications for public policy, compliance, emissions inventories, and business decisions of Part 75 acid rain monitoring and reporting requirements.
Schott, J. [Entergy Corporation, Beaumont, TX (United States)
Week 4, Rain in my Brain On top of the Harbor Cone, Otago Peninsula, Pacific Ocean in the distance.
Week 4, Rain in my Brain On top of the Harbor Cone, Otago Peninsula, Pacific Ocean in the distance of the ocean or of this beautiful city from on-high and it all comes back that we're here, a dream come true
Bardsley, John
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Spring 2014 The San Joaquin, acid rain, and using a simple "box" model
ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 Spring 2014 Problem 19 The San Joaquin, acid rain, and using a simple "box-called "acid fogs" in this valley. Assume a "box" of area 1 km2 (1 km x 1km) with the top of the box `box', calculate the steady-state SO2 concentration (in units of molecules cm-3 ). (c) Sulfuric acid
ATOC/CHEM 5151 Fall 2014 The San Joaquin Valley, acid rain, and a simple "box" model
ATOC/CHEM 5151 Fall 2014 Problem 26 The San Joaquin Valley, acid rain, and a simple "box" model. In this problem, use a simple box model to estimate the formation of so-called "acid fogs" in this valley. Assume the steady-state SO2 concentration (in units of molecules cm-3 ). (2) Sulfuric acid is produced from
Oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide
The aim of this work was to study the reaction of ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide on oxygenated additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in dilute aqueous solution using controlled experimental conditions. Experiments conducted in a semi-continuous reactor with MTBE and ETBE in combination (initial concentration: 2 mmol/L of each) showed that ETBE was better eliminated than MTBE with both ozone and combined O[sub 3]/H[sub 2]O[sub 2]. batch experiments led to the determination of the ratio of the kinetic constants for the reaction of OH[degree]-radical with MTBE and ETBE (k[sub OH[degree]/ETBE]/k[sub OH[degree]//MTBE] = 1.7). Tert-butyl formate and tert-butyl acetate were identified as the ozonation byproducts of MTBE an ETBE, respectively, while tert-butyl alcohol was found to be produced during the ozonation of both compounds. 10 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Leitner, N.K.V.; Papailhou, A.L.; Croue, J.P.; Dore, M. (Univ. de Poitiers (France)); Peyrot, J. (British Petroleum, Harfleur (France))
This is the fourth quarterly report under DOE Cooperative Agreement No.: DE-FC26-03NT41730. Due a number of circumstances, mostly associated with subcontractor agreements, the actual beginning of the project was delayed from its original award date of March 5, 2003. DOE's Project Manager was kept informed (verbally) by PPL's Project Manager throughout this period. Because of this delay, this is the fourth quarterly report and it refers to the time period from January to March 2004. The on-site deployment and testing of the ozonation system took place during this period. This report summarizes these activities including some preliminary results. No significant issues or concerns are identified.
Larry LaBuz; Rui Afonso
Iron Speciation in Urban Dust
An improved understanding of anthropogenic impacts on ocean fertility requires knowledge of anthropogenic dust mineralogy and associated Fe speciation as a critical step toward developing Fe solubility models constrained by mineralogical composition. This study explored the utility of micro-focused X-ray absorption spectroscopy ({mu}-XAS) in characterizing the speciation of Fe in urban dust samples. A micro-focused beam of 10 x 7 {micro}m made possible the measurement of the Fe K edge XAS spectra of individual dust particles in the PM5.6 size fraction collected in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Spectral analysis indicated the presence of mixtures of Fe-containing minerals within individual dust particles; we observed significant magnetite content along with other Fe(III)-(hydr)oxide minerals which could not be conclusively identified. Our data indicate that detailed quantitative determination of Fe speciation requires extended energy scans to constrain the types and relative abundance of Fe species present. We observe heterogeneity in Fe speciation at the dust particle level, which underscores the importance of analyzing a statistically adequate number of particles within each dust sample. Where possible, {mu}-XAS measurements should be complemented with additional characterization techniques such as {mu}-XRD and bulk XAS to obtain a comprehensive picture of the Fe speciation in dust materials. X-ray microprobes should be used to complement bulk methods used to determine particle composition, methods that fail to record particle heterogeneity.
E Elzinga; Y Gao; J Fitts; R Tappero
2007 Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event Application of satellite Remote Sensing for Urban
2007 Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event Application of satellite Remote Sensing for Urban Risk Analysis: a case study of the 2003 extreme heat wave in Paris Bénédicte Dousset Hawaii firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Satellite observations are used to monitor the August 2003 heat wave in Paris
Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation JULIA HIDALGO
an atmospheric numerical model coupled with an urban surface energy balance (SEB) model. For example, simulations atmospheric Nonhydrostatic Meso- scale (Meso-NH) model (Lafore et al. 1998) with a Town Energy Balance urban parameters chosen were the size of the city, the height of the thermal inversion topping the mixed turbulent
Ribes, Aur�lien
ISDA 2010, Montpellier 28-30 Juin 2010 1 URBAN AND PERI URBAN HORTICULTURE AND
are spreading into rural areas. There is increasing population densities even in remote areas, with households agriculteurs évoluent en Afrique, caractérisé par la transition vers une population à majorité urbaine et l the capability approach to analyse the impact of urban and peri urban horticulture on development in Africa
Three-dimensional simulations of wintertime ozone variability in the lower stratosphere
The evolution of ozone has been calculated for the winters of 1979 and 1989 using winds derived from the authors stratospheric data assimilation system (STRATAN). The ozone fields calculated using this technique are found to compare well with satellite-measured fields for simulations of 2-3 months. Here the authors present comparisons of model fields with both satellite and sonde measurements to verify that stratospheric transport processes are properly represented by this modeling technique. Attention is focussed on the northern hemisphere middle and high latitudes at the 10-hPa level and below, where transport processes are most important to the ozone distribution. First-order quantities and derived budgets from both the model and satellite data are presented. By sampling the model with a limb-viewing satellite and then Kalman filtering the observations of the model, it is shown that transient subplanetary-scale features that are essential to the ozone budget are missed by the satellite system.
Rood, R.B.; Douglass, A.R.; Kaye, J.A. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (USA)); Geller, M.A.; Yuechen, Chi (State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook (USA)); Allen, D.J.; Larson, E.M.; Nash, E.R.; Nielsen, J.E. (Applied Research Corp., Landover, MD (USA))
Reductions in ozone concentrations due to controls on variability in industrial flare emissions in Houston, Texas
High concentrations of ozone in the Houston/Galveston area are associated with industrial plumes of highly reactive hydrocarbons, mixed with NOx. The emissions leading to these plumes can have significant temporal variability, ...
Nam, Junsang
The effect of variability in industrial emissions on ozone formation in Houston, Texas
Ambient observations have indicated that high concentrations of ozone observed in the Houston/Galveston area are associated with plumes of highly reactive hydrocarbons, mixed with NOx, from industrial facilities. Ambient ...
Webster, Mort David
Climatology and Trends in the Forcing of the Stratospheric Ozone Transport
A thorough analysis of the ozone transport was carried out using the Transformed-Mean Eulerian (TEM) tracer transport equation and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re- Analysis (ERA-40). In ...
Monier, Erwan
A Spatial Econometric Approach to Measuring Pollution Externalities: An Application to Ozone Smog
A Spatial Econometric Approach to Measuring Pollution Externalities: An Application to Ozone Smog C.-Y. Cynthia Lin University of California at Davis � USA Abstract. This paper uses spatial econometrics
Lin, C.-Y. Cynthia
Evaluation of a novel ozone generation technique for disinfection of poultry hatchers and processed broiler carcasses
When comparing electrochemically generated ozone(03)(2.94.2 wt % inside the (hatcher) and formaldehyde (16 n-A formalin + 7.5 g potassium pertnanganate) for disinfection of Salmonella enteiltidis (SE) contaminated agar plates and typical hatchery...
Ramirez, Gerardo Arturo
Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric ozone transport
A thorough analysis of the ozone transport was carried out using the Transformed-Mean Eulerian (TEM) tracer continuity equation and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40). In ...
Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 28292838 Diurnal and seasonal cycles of ozone precursors observed from
characteristics. Ethane and propane, largely originated from leakage of natural gas or liquefied petroleum gases) and nitrogen oxides (NO+NO2 ¼ NOx), ozone is photochemically pro- duced and can accumulate to hazardous levels
Wingenter, Oliver W.
Ozone response to emission changes: a modeling study during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO Campaign
The sensitivity of ozone production to precursor emissions was investigated under five different meteorological conditions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO field campaign using the ...
Song, Jihee
Real-World Studies of Ambient Ozone Formation as a Function of...
-- Washington D.C. ace29lawson.pdf More Documents & Publications Weekday and Weekend Air Pollutant Levels in Ozone Problem Areas in the U.S. Health Impacts Program DOE's...
Ozone predictabilities due to meteorological uncertainties in the Mexico City basin using ensemble forecasts
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of ozone (O3)[(O subscript 3)] predictions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) to meteorological initial uncertainties and planetary boundary layer ...
Bei, Naifang
Formation of ozone and oxidation of methane in a direct current corona discharge
FORMATION OF OZONE AND OXIDATION OF METHANE IN A DIRECT CURRENT CORONA DISCHARGE A Thesis by UMASHANKER TANGIRALA Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE May 1976 Major Subject: Chemical Engineering FORMATION OF OZONE AND OXIDATION OF METHANE IN A DIRECT CURRENT CORONA DISCHARGE A Thesis by UMASHANKER TANGIRALA Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committee) ( ad of Department...
Tangirala, Umashanker
Ozone response of foliage and cells of sensitive and tolerant potato cultivars
The ozone response was contrasted between Cherokee' and Norchip', relatively ozone-sensitive and -tolerant potato cultivars, respectively. Leaf conductance of the two cultivars was determined with a diffusive resistance porometer before, during and after a 3-hour exposure to 0.25 ppm ozone (490 ..mu..g m3). While Cherokee foliage had a higher leaf conductance at the onset of the ozone exposure, conductance of Norchip foliage was too high throughout the experiment to account for relative tolerance of the latter cultivar. Norchip and Cherokee both exhibited abaxial and bifacial necrosis with more numerous lesions on the abaxial surface. Abaxial and bifacial necrosis were characterized by injured spongy, and spongy plus palisade cells, respectively. The percent of injured cell types were the same in both cultivars, but the absolute number of cells injured was greater in Cherokee than Norchip. Two types of cell injury were observed in necrotic lesions. One type of injury was characterized by collapsed, basophilic cells and the other by intact, basophilic cells. The ozone response of isolated leaf protoplasts of the two cultivars was similar. Two types of protoplast injury were observed, one characterized by lysis and the other by reduced staining with fluorescein diacetate. Maximum protoplast response to ozone was observed within the first 5 minutes of a 15 minute exposure. Little additional protoplast response occurred after 10 minutes.
Illman, B.L.
Position Information Job Title Extension Assistant/Associate Professor -Urban Forestry
Position Information Job Title Extension Assistant/Associate Professor - Urban Forestry Department field of urban forestry, with a focus on urbanization and changing land use. Potential topics include faculty. Extension responsibilities include developing and coordinating a statewide urban forestry
Watson, Craig A.
Solar hydrogen for urban trucks
The Clean Air Now (CAN) Solar Hydrogen Project, located at Xerox Corp., El Segundo, California, includes solar photovoltaic powered hydrogen generation, compression, storage and end use. Three modified Ford Ranger trucks use the hydrogen fuel. The stand-alone electrolyzer and hydrogen dispensing system are solely powered by a photovoltaic array. A variable frequency DC-AC converter steps up the voltage to drive the 15 horsepower compressor motor. On site storage is available for up to 14,000 standard cubic feet (SCF) of solar hydrogen, and up to 80,000 SCF of commercial hydrogen. The project is 3 miles from Los Angeles International airport. The engine conversions are bored to 2.9 liter displacement and are supercharged. Performance is similar to that of the Ranger gasoline powered truck. Fuel is stored in carbon composite tanks (just behind the driver`s cab) at pressures up to 3600 psi. Truck range is 144 miles, given 3600 psi of hydrogen. The engine operates in lean burn mode, with nil CO and HC emissions. NO{sub x} emissions vary with load and rpm in the range from 10 to 100 ppm, yielding total emissions at a small fraction of the ULEV standard. Two trucks have been converted for the Xerox fleet, and one for the City of West Hollywood. A public outreach program, done in conjunction with the local public schools and the Department of Energy, introduces the local public to the advantages of hydrogen fuel technologies. The Clean Air Now program demonstrates that hydrogen powered fleet development is an appropriate, safe, and effective strategy for improvement of urban air quality, energy security and avoidance of global warming impact. Continued technology development and cost reduction promises to make such implementation market competitive.
Provenzano, J.: Scott, P.B.; Zweig, R. [Clean Air Now, Northridge, CA (United States)
Constructing a GIS-based 3D urban model using LiDAR and aerial photographs
; Rau and Chen 2001; Shiode 2001; Zhou et al. 2004). The 3D urban modeling technique enables urban residents to visualize future urban construction and development. It also supports standard activities of urban design and city planning and allows... of geometric information about urban objects, and it is an efficient tool for designing and creating urban objects (Sinning-Meister et al 1996). The contemporary CAD systems also offer full 3D rendering capability to visualize urban objects and the urban...
Lin, Wei-Ming
Urban Form Energy Use and Emissions in China: Preliminary Findings and Model Proof of Concept
of rural biomass by urban commercial energy services. Thisof rural biomass by urban commercial energy services. 2 End-
Aden, Nathaniel
Optimization of stabilized leachate treatment using ozone/persulfate in the advanced oxidation process
Highlights: ? Ozone and persulfate reagent (O{sub 3}/S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup 2-}) was used to treat stabilized leachate. ? Central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. ? Operating variables including ozone and persulfate dosage, pH variance, and reaction time. ? Optimum removal of COD, color, and NH{sub 3}�N was 72%, 96%, and 76%, respectively. ? A good value of ozone consumption (OC) obtained with 0.60 (kg O{sub 3}/kg COD). - Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of employing persulfate reagent in the advanced oxidation of ozone to treat stabilized landfill leachate in an ozone reactor. A central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the relationships between operating variables, such as ozone and persulfate dosages, pH, and reaction time, to identify the optimum operating conditions. Quadratic models for the following four responses proved to be significant with very low probabilities (<0.0001): COD, color, NH{sub 3}�N, and ozone consumption (OC). The obtained optimum conditions included a reaction time of 210 min, 30 g/m{sup 3} ozone, 1 g/1 g COD{sub 0}/S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup 2-} ratio, and pH 10. The experimental results were corresponded well with predicted models (COD, color, and NH{sub 3}�N removal rates of 72%, 96%, and 76%, respectively, and 0.60 (kg O{sub 3}/kg COD OC). The results obtained in the stabilized leachate treatment were compared with those from other treatment processes, such as ozone only and persulfate S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup 2-} only, to evaluate its effectiveness. The combined method (i.e., O{sub 3}/S{sub 2}O{sub 8}{sup 2-}) achieved higher removal efficiencies for COD, color, and NH{sub 3}�N compared with other studied applications. Furthermore, the new method is more efficient than ozone/Fenton in advanced oxidation process in the treatment of the same studied leachate.
Abu Amr, Salem S. [School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia); Aziz, Hamidi Abdul, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia); Adlan, Mohd Nordin [School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia)
Effects of urbanization on stream channel morpology, Madisonville, Texas
This thesis investigates the effects of urban development on two small streams near Madisonville, Texas. One stream is natural and used as a control against which Town Branch, the urbanized stream, is compared. Changes in width, depth, and channel...
Harris, Daniel Lee
Digital places : rethinking urban elements : the case of the tower
Problem - How can we make working, living and all aspects of our life in the urban tower more palatable? How can we create environment at the urban tower scale. With technology as one of the biggest drivers of social and ...
Gichuhi, Christopher M. (Christopher Mwethera), 1976-
Urban acupuncture as a strategy for S�o Paulo
This work is the study of one city, S�o Paulo, and one idea, how small and precise architectural interventions can be catalytic to major urban transformations. The largest urban agglomeration in the southern hemisphere is ...
Shieh, Leonardo
Architecture of the rail : exploring the potential of urban infrastructure
This thesis is the pursuit of a sensitivity for the relationship between urban infrastructure and architectural form, an attempt to restore a quality of "publicness" in the urban landscape through the implementation of a ...
Iboshi, Gregory Kenji
Modernity of Chinese urban neighborhoods : toward new spatial forms
There is always a general dilemma about how to balance technology and humanity in urban neighborhood development. Modem technology creates many new spatial forms for Chinese urban neighborhoods, but it also destroys many ...
Yi, Qian, 1973-
Transportation planning for mega events : a model of urban change
My study is about opportunities for revolutionary developments in urban transport. Often, we think of transport and urban development as an evolutionary process, yet there exist a few opportunities for cities to revolutionize ...
Kassens, Eva
Crowdsourcing urban air temperatures from smartphone battery?temperatures
Accurate air temperature observations in urban areas are important for meteorology and energy demand planning. They are indispensable to study the urban heat island effect and the adverse effects of high temperatures on ...
Overeem, A.
Approximate translation : media, narrative, and experience in urban design
Approximate translation is developed as a design process through which the place-embedded history of an urban environment can be understood, allowing for better design and intervention in that urban environment. Generally, ...
Crisman, Jonathan
Insects in urban brownfields Analyses of species occurrences,
Insects in urban brownfields Analyses of species occurrences, community composition, and trait brownfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4 Habitat models forces for insects in urban brownfields 41 4.1 Introduction
Kleyer, Michael
Exploding the edge : inversions into the urban landscape
This thesis explores the relationship between building and green space in a dense urban environment in order to create a humane contemplative experience of individual and collective memory. The urban environment has the ...
Chia, Katherine Kai-sun
Stadium development and urban renewal : a look at Washington, DC
This thesis investigates the factors, related to urban stadium development, that act as a catalyst for subsequent local urban renewal. Over the recent decades there has been substantial debate related to stadium or arena ...
Rizzo, James W. (James Watson)
Lakeside: Merging Urban Design with Scientific Analysis
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago are developing tools that merge urban design with scientific analysis to improve the decision-making process associated with large-scale urban developments. One such tool, called LakeSim, has been prototyped with an initial focus on consumer-driven energy and transportation demand, through a partnership with the Chicago-based architectural and engineering design firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Clean Energy Trust and developer McCaffery Interests. LakeSim began with the need to answer practical questions about urban design and planning, requiring a better understanding about the long-term impact of design decisions on energy and transportation demand for a 600-acre development project on Chicago's South Side - the Chicago Lakeside Development project.
Guzowski, Leah; Catlett, Charlie; Woodbury, Ed
Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change, by Peter Calthorpe
another Green Urbanism (Beatley 1999), all of which shareVolume 26, 2013 References Beatley, Timothy. 1999. Green
Kim, Hyungkyoo
Lecture plan and speakers *Skinner/Urban
:30-8:30 S *Brakocevic 9:15-10:30 *Januszewski 10:45-12.00 lunch Kakde 1:30-2:30 coffee Pilloni 3:00-4:00 Skinner/Urban 4:10-5:10 Excursion 5:30- S Skinner/Urban 9:15-10:15 Januszewski 10:25-11.25 Pilloni 11:35-12.35 end *90minutes/75 · Fabian Januszewski (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) p-adic Rankin-Selberg convolutions · Mahesh Kakde
Hida, Haruzo
10th Urban Environment Symposium, 9-11 June 2010, Gothenburg, Sweden Environmental impact assessment of urban mobility plan
, Urban Futures for a Sustainable World, G�teborg : Sweden (2010)" #12;health impacts, and (ii10th Urban Environment Symposium, 9-11 June 2010, Gothenburg, Sweden Environmental impact, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission) numerical simulations with a chain of physically
Impact of utilizing 3D digital urban models on the design content of urban design plans in US cities
Some experts suggest that urban design plans in US cities may lack adequate coverage of the essential design aspects, particularly three-dimensional design aspects of the physical environment. Digital urban models and information technology tools...
Al-Douri, Firas A. Salman
Sustainable Urbanism : an examination of environmentally responsible neighborhood developments in Europe and lessons for sustainable urban planning
The emergence of the sustainable development concept at the end of the 1980s triggered the intensification of the environmental sustainability discourse in urban design and planning. The vision of sustainable urbanism ...
Kasioumi, Eirini
Stocrestr Cymru o Goed Trefol Wales Inventory of Urban Trees
Stocrestr Cymru o Goed Trefol Wales Inventory of Urban Trees #12;31/01/20132 Wales Inventory Inventory of Urban Trees To improve our understanding of distribution and canopy cover of urban trees and woodlands Provide a base-line to monitor change over time Intention is that inventory will also be of use
On Parameter Estimation of Urban Storm-Water Runoff Model
On Parameter Estimation of Urban Storm-Water Runoff Model Pedro Avellaneda1 ; Thomas P. Ballestero2 of these parameters are provided for modeling purposes and other urban storm-water quality applications. A normal runoff models are commonly used for urban storm-water quality applications DeCoursey 1985; Tsi- hrintzis
Urban Consortium Energy Task Force - Year 21 Final Report
The Urban Consortium Energy Task Force (UCETF), comprised of representatives of large cities and counties in the United States, is a subgroup of the Urban Consortium, an organization of the nation's largest cities and counties joined together to identify, develop and deploy innovative approaches and technological solutions to pressing urban issues.
Appendix H Colorado Statewide Forest Resource Assessment Urban Influence Areas
1 Appendix H Colorado Statewide Forest Resource Assessment Urban Influence Areas Overview of the Urban and Community Forestry Layer 1. Start with Night Lights data and clip to Colorado Boundary code = 11020). a. Create a new shapefile called UrbanInfluenceAreas_withCapacity.shp. b. Add fields
Partitioning a Deformed Urban Grid Leonard Hagger Ian Sanders
a convex map of the deformed urban grid. These algorithms are very similar and would #12;nd the same convex map of any given deformed urban grid. In this research I present two di#11;erent algorithms to solve this problem. Both are shown to #12;nd a signi#12;cantly better convex map of the deformed urban grid. The #12
Wismath, Stephen
Motivations for Conserving Urban Biodiversity DONALD C. DEARBORN
Essay Motivations for Conserving Urban Biodiversity DONALD C. DEARBORN AND SALIT KARK Department, the fundamental value of conserving urban biodiversity re- mains controversial. How much of a fixed budget should seven possible motivations for urban biodiversity conservation: preserving local biodiversity, creating
Kark, Salit
URBAN EXTENTS P a c i f i c
URBAN EXTENTS Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Guyana Peru Paraguay Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Population Density Boundaries Note: National boundaries are derived from the population grids and thus may appear coarse. Urban
Current and Future Carbon Budgets of Tropical Rain Forest: A Cross Scale Analysis. Final Report
The goal of this project was to make a first assessment of the major carbon stocks and fluxes and their climatic determinants in a lowland neotropical rain forest, the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Our research design was based on the concurrent use of several of the best available approaches, so that data could be cross-validated. A major focus of our effort was to combine meteorological studies of whole-forest carbon exchange (eddy flux), with parallel independent measurements of key components of the forest carbon budget. The eddy flux system operated from February 1998 to February 2001. To obtain field data that could be scaled up to the landscape level, we monitored carbon stocks, net primary productivity components including tree growth and mortality, litterfall, woody debris production, root biomass, and soil respiration in a series of replicated plots stratified across the major environmental gradients of the forest. A second major focus of this project was on the stocks and changes of carbon in the soil. We used isotope studies and intensive monitoring to investigate soil organic stocks and the climate-driven variation of soil respiration down the soil profile, in a set of six 4m deep soil shafts stratified across the landscape. We measured short term tree growth, climate responses of sap flow, and phenology in a suite of ten canopy trees to develop individual models of tree growth to daytime weather variables.
Oberbauer, S. F.
Vegetation History And Logging Disturbance: Effects On Rain Forest In The Lope Reserve, Gabon (With Special Emphasis On Elephants and Apes)�
An investigation of the effects of commercial mechanised selective logging on rain forest vegetation and mammals, was undertaken in the Lope Reserve, central Gabon, between January 1989 to July 1991. Vegetation in Lope ...
White, Lee JT
Roles of Urban Tree Canopy and Buildings in Urban Heat Island Effects: Parameterization and Preliminary Results
alongside roadways and buildings, the modified WRF-UCM is used to in- vestigate how urban trees, soil surfaces causes in- creased runoff, decreased evapotranspiration, increased solar radiation absorption
Dickerson, Russell R.
Food urbanism : urban agriculture as a strategy to facilitate social mobility in informal settlements
Can community-based urban agriculture generate stronger communities? How is this possible? This thesis explores the possibility of community development through application of community gardens in an informal settlement ...
Amirtahmasebi, Rana
Overview of ozone human exposure and health risk analyses used in the U.S. EPA's review of the ozone air quality standard.
This paper presents an overview of the ozone human exposure and health risk analyses developed under sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These analyses are being used in the current review of the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone. The analyses consist of three principal steps: (1) estimating short-term ozone exposure for particular populations (exposure model); (2) estimating population response to exposures or concentrations (exposure-response or concentration-response models); and (3) integrating concentrations or exposure with concentration-response or exposure-response models to produce overall risk estimates (risk model). The exposure model, called the probabilistic NAAQS exposure model for ozone (pNEM/03), incorporates the following factors: hourly ambient ozone concentrations; spatial distribution of concentrations; ventilation state of individuals at time of exposure; and movement of people through various microenvironments (e.g., outdoors, indoors, inside a vehicle) of varying air quality. Exposure estimates are represented by probability distributions. Exposure-response relationships have been developed for several respiratory symptom and lung function health effects, based on the results of controlled human exposure studies. These relationships also are probabilistic and reflect uncertainties associated with sample size and variability of response among subjects. The analyses also provide estimates of excess hospital admissions in the New York City area based on results from an epidemiology study. Overall risk results for selected health endpoints and recently analyzed air quality scenarios associated with alternative 8-hour NAAQS and the current 1-hour standard for outdoor children are used to illustrate application of the methodology.
Whitfield, R. G.
Improvement of modelling capabilities for assessing urban contamination : The EMRAS Urban Remediation Working Group.
The Urban Remediation Working Group of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Environmental Modeling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) programme was established to improve modeling and assessment capabilities for radioactively contaminated urban situations, including the effects of countermeasures. An example of the Working Group's activities is an exercise based on Chernobyl fallout data in Ukraine, which has provided an opportunity to compare predictions among several models and with available measurements, to discuss reasons for discrepancies, and to identify areas where additional information would be helpful.
Thiessen, K. M.; Batandjieva, B.; Andersson, K. G.; Arkhipov, A.; Charnock, T. W.; Gallay, F.; Gaschak, S.; Golikov, V.; Hwang, W. T.; Kaiser, J. C.; Kamboj, S.; Steiner, M.; Tomas, J.; Trifunovic, D.; Yu, C.; Ziemer, R. L.; Zlobenko, B.; Environmental Science Division; SENES Oak Ridge; IAEA; Riso National Lab.; Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety; Health Protection Agency; IRSN; Inst. of Radiation Hygene of the Ministry of Public Health, Russian Federation; KAERI, Republic of Korea; GSF, Germany; BfS, Germany; CPHR, Cuba; State Office for Radiation Protection, Croatia; AECL, Canada; National Academy of Science, Ukraine
Urban fox squirrel ecology and management
I studied the habitat selection, survival, and anti-predator behaviors of the fox squirrel (Siurus niger) across the urban-rural gradient in College Station, Texas. From two years of tracking the radio locations of 82 fox squirrels, my data...
McCleery, Robert Alan
Environmental costs and benefits of urban forests
Disservice #12;Desired outcome: Minimize or offset urban GHG emissions Supporting ecosystem services: Carbon N2O and energy use offsets soil carbon Townsend-Small and Green, In press #12;Question: What happens. 2008 #12;Net Ecosystem Production Evapotranspiration Nutrient Cycling Carbon sequestration Water
Rose, Michael R.
Study of Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Environments
power plant using coal releases great amounts of harmful gases to produce the electric energy head: Study of pollutant dispersion in urban environments #12;Abstract Computational simulations can mechanics with the use of computer models and simulations. In this study the simulations of the complex
Allen, Gabrielle
Restoration projects within urban systems frequently encounter
designers to the use of models to predict the discharge associated with bankfull water surface elevation calculated for a given storm event can vary considerably by the use of modeling alone. It is much moreAbstract Restoration projects within urban systems frequently encounter various complexities
Curran, Joanna C.
1 INTRODUCTION Urban lifelines include electricity, communication,
and functions, form recovery obstacles mutually, and lead to secondary disaster. The disaster of all lifelines and the relationship between the effect degree sequence and the post-quake recovery time sequence are studied by both, it will followed by functional Urban lifelines effects degree sequence and recovery time sequence Youpo Su, Yajie
Spencer Jr., B.F.
/ac-yr Cubic Feet per Acres-Year iv #12;GIS Geographical Information System ha Hectares I Total Quality Database NURP Nationwide Urban Runoff Program P Phosphorus PLSS Public Land Survey System QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control Rv Volumetric Runoff Coefficient GIS Geographical Information System
Pitt, Robert E.
NFWF Five Star & Urban Waters Restoration Program
The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) is accepting applications for up to $2.1 million to develop community capacity to sustain local natural resources for future generations by providing modest financial assistance to diverse local partnership for wetland, riparian, forest and coastal habitat restoration, urban wildlife conservation, stormwater management as well as outreach, education and stewardship.
GNSS Signal Acquisition in Harsh Urban Environments
spectrum by allowing cognitive devices to coexist with licensed users, given that the interference caused the effect of radio signal propagation conditions, interfering nodes spatial distribution, and other relevant- work interference, urban radio propagation channel I. INTRODUCTION Recently, the widespread use
Vellekoop, Michel
Eberhard Morgenroth 1 Urban Water Management
dynamic field Worldwide 2'500 Mio. people don't have access to clean water and sanitation. 200'000 km. Semester MS Project Internship 4. Semester Master Thesis Elective courses Sanitation Planning Tomography and Quantitative Image Analysis A concept for providing a sanitary system to the urban poor
Giger, Christine
http://uex.sagepub.com/ Urban Education
of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0042085909352143 2010 45: 58Urban Education Carole R. Beal, Niall M Solving by High School English Language Learners Carole R. Beal,1 Niall M.Adams,2 and Paul R. Cohen1. Beal, Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona,Tucson AZ 85721 Email: crbeal
Fading of alizarin and related artists's pigments by atmospheric ozone: reaction products and mechanisms
The colorants alizarin and Alizarin Crimson (a calcium-aluminum lake pigment) and their simple structural homologue anthraquinone were deposited on silica gel, cellulose, and Teflon substrates and exposed in the dark to ozone in purified air (approx.0.4 ppm O/sub 3/ for 95 days and approx.10 ppm O/sub 3/ for 18-80 h). Exposed and control samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Alizarin Crimson reacted with ozone on all substrates, yielding phthalic acid (major), benzoic acid (minor), and other minor and unidentified products. Anthraquinone did not react with ozone irrespective of conditions. Alizarin did not react on Teflon or cellulose but reacted on silica gel to yield phthalic acid (major) and other products. A chemical mechanism responsible for the fading of these alizarin-related colorants by ozone is suggested that is consistent with the products distribution, the observed reactivity sequence, and the observed substrate-specific effects. The possible application of this work to predicting the ozone fastness of other alizarin-related pigments is discussed briefly. 33 references, 5 figures.
Grosjean, D.; Whitmore, P.M.; De Moor, C.P.; Cass, G.R.; Druzik, J.R.
Potential impacts of Title I nonattainment on the electric power industry: A Chicago case study (Phase 2)
This study uses version IV of the Urban Airshed Model (UAM-IV) to examine the potential impacts of Title I (nonattainment) and Title IV (acid rain) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) on the utility industry. The UAM is run for a grid that covers the Commonwealth Edison Power Pool and encompasses the greater Chicago area and surrounding rural areas. Meteorological conditions are selected from an ozone (O{sub 3}) episode on July 5 and 6, 1988.
Fernau, M.E.; Makofske, W.J.; South, D.W.
Sensitivity of China's ozone air quality to 2000-2050 global changes of1 climate and emissions2
1 Sensitivity of China's ozone air quality to 2000-2050 global changes of1 climate and emissions2 3 emissions of ozone precursors. The climate and16 emission effect in combination will increase afternoon mean increases18 in global (excluding China) anthropogenic emissions, 37% to Chinese emission19 increases
Wu, Shiliang
A numerical study of mass transfer of ozone dissolution in bubble plumes with an Euler-Lagrange Method
, as a model problem for a water purification system. The effect of bubble diameter and plume structure on mass are widely observed and exploited in engineering applications, with water purification using ozone bubble the mass transfer process of ozone dissolution in a bubble plume inside a rectangular water tank
Huang, Huaxiong
Impact of ozone on indoor air quality: a preliminary field study M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F. Maupetit
indoor air quality (IAQ) since they produce secondary pollutants, mainly aldehydes which are known to document the impact on IAQ of outdoor ozone during summer air pollution episodes. For this purpose, a oneImpact of ozone on indoor air quality: a preliminary field study M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F
We used Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and conventional sampling methods to monitor and identify trace level organic pollutants formed in heterogeneous reactions between ozone and HVAC filters in real time. Experiments were carried out using a bench-scale flow tube reactor operating with dry air and humidified air (50% RH), at realistically high ozone concentrations (150 ppbv). We explored different filter media (i.e., fiberglass and cotton/polyester blends) and different particle loadings (i.e., clean filter and filters loaded with particles for 3 months at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Port of Oakland, CA). Detailed emission dynamics of very low levels of certain organic pollutants from filter media upon ozone exposure in the presence of moisture have been obtained and analyzed.
Destaillats, Hugo; Chen, Wenhao; Apte, Michael; Li, Nuan; Spears, Michael; Almosni, J�r�mie; Zhang, Jianshun (Jensen); Fisk, William J.
Thermochemical Kinetics for Multireference Systems: Addition Reactions of Ozone
The 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of ozone to ethyne and ethene provide extreme examples of multireference singlet-state chemistry, and they are examined here to test the applicability of several approaches to thermochemical kinetics of systems with large static correlation. Four different multireference diagnostics are applied to measure the multireference characters of the reactants, products, and transition states; all diagnostics indicate significant multireference character in the reactant portion of the potential energy surfaces. We make a more complete estimation of the effect of quadruple excitations than was previously available, and we use this with CCSDT/CBS estimation of Wheeler et al. (Wheeler, S. E.; Ess, D. H.; Houk, K. N. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 1798.) to make new best estimates of the van der Waals association energy, the barrier height, and the reaction energy to form the cycloadduct for both reactions. Comparing with these best estimates, we present comprehensive mean unsigned errors for a variety of coupled cluster, multilevel, and density functional methods. Several computational aspects of multireference reactions are considered: (i) the applicability of multilevel theory, (ii) the convergence of coupled cluster theory for reaction barrier heights, (iii) the applicability of completely renormalized coupled cluster methods to multireference systems, (iv) the treatment by density functional theory, (v) the multireference perturbation theory for multireference reactions, and (vi) the relative accuracy of scaling-type multilevel methods as compared with additive ones. It is found that scaling-type multilevel methods do not perform better than the additive-type multilevel methods. Among the 48 tested density functionals, only M05 reproduces the best estimates within their uncertainty. Multireference perturbation theory based on the complete-active-space reference wave functions constructed using a small number of reaction-specific active orbitals gives accurate forward barrier heights; however, it significantly underestimates reaction energies.
Zhao, Yan; Tishchenko, Oksana; Gour, Jeffrey R.; Li, Wei; Lutz, Jesse; Piecuch, Piotr; Truhlar, Donald G.
Secondary Pollutants from Ozone Reaction with Ventilation Filters and Degradation of Filter Media Additives
Prior research suggests that chemical processes taking place on the surface of particle filters employed in buildings may lead to the formation of harmful secondary byproducts. We investigated ozone reactions with fiberglass, polyester, cotton/polyester and polyolefin filter media, as well as hydrolysis of filter media additives. Studies were carried out on unused media, and on filters that were installed for 3 months in buildings at two different locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. Specimens from each filter media were exposed to {approx}150 ppbv ozone in a flow tube under a constant flow of dry or humidified air (50percent RH). Ozone breakthrough was recorded for each sample over periods of {approx}1000 min; the ozone uptake rate was calculated for an initial transient period and for steady-state conditions. While ozone uptake was observed in all cases, we did not observe significant differences in the uptake rate and capacity for the various types of filter media tested. Most experiments were performed at an airflow rate of 1.3 L/min (face velocity = 0.013 m/s), and a few tests were also run at higher rates (8 to 10 L/min). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, two oxidation byproducts, were quantified downstream of each sample. Those aldehydes (m/z 31 and 45) and other volatile byproducts (m/z 57, 59, 61 and 101) were also detected in real-time using Proton-Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Low-ppbv byproduct emissions were consistently higher under humidified air than under dry conditions, and were higher when the filters were loaded with particles, as compared with unused filters. No significant differences were observed when ozone reacted over various types of filter media. Fiberglass filters heavily coated with impaction oil (tackifier) showed higher formaldehyde emissions than other samples. Those emissions were particularly high in the case of used filters, and were observed even in the absence of ozone, suggesting that hydrolysis of additives, rather than ozonolysis, is the main formaldehyde source in those filters. Emission rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were not found to be large enough to substantially increase indoor concentrations in typical building scenarios. Nevertheless, ozone reactions on HVAC filters cannot be ignored as a source of low levels of indoor irritants.
Destaillats, Hugo; Chen, Wenhao; Apte, Michael; Li, Nuan; Spears, Michael; Almosni, J�r�mie; Brunner, Gregory; Zhang, Jianshun (Jensen); Fisk, William J.
Reduction of NOx by plasma-assisted methods , F. Leipold1
acid rain and ozone production when it is released into the air. Reduction of NOx in the exhaust gas
policyELSEVIER Research Policy 26 (1997) 157-168 Policy for science for policy
: A commentary on Lambright on ozone depletion and acid rain Roger A. Pielke Jr. a,*, Michele M. Betsill b a En. We find that the primary lesson of the ozone experience, supported in the case of acid rain, lies: Ozone depletion; Acid rain; Policy relevance; Policy-for-science-for-policy 1. Introduction
Colorado at Boulder, University of
An investigation of the variability of rainfall statistics over a small area with varying rain-gage density
FIGURES Chapter I. INTRODUCTIOI'J V1 General Objectives of the Study II. SELFCTIGN ARID Al'JALYSIS GF ThE DATA Basic Data Computation of Areal Precipitation Amounts Precipii, ation Types I I I. COI'JPARATIUo. ERROR G= RAIN& ALL I"IEA, UREJJEIU1... 14 16 Standard Errors of Yleasurement Hourly Precipitation Error Storm Pr- ci pitati on Error 17 19 IU. CALCULATION OF CONDITIGfJAL (TRA'ISITIGNAL I PROBABILITIES Calculations for 2-hr Sequences Comparison of' Probability and Frequency...
Heaton, Larry Royce
Study of air pollution: Effects of ozone on neuropeptide-mediated responses in human subjects. Final report
The study examined the hypothesis that ozone inactivates the enzyme, neutral endopeptidase, responsible for limiting the effects of neuropeptides released from afferent nerve endings. Cough response of capsaicin solution delivered from a nebulizer at 2 min. intervals until two or more coughs were produced. Other endpoints measured included irritative symptoms as rated by the subjects on a nonparametric scale, spirometry, of each concentration of ozone were compared to those of filtered air in a single-blind randomized sequence. The results indicate that a 2 h. exposure to 0.4 ppm of ozone with intermittent light exercise alters the sensitivity of airway nerves that mediate the cough response to inhaled materials. This dose of ozone also caused a change in FEV1. A lower level of ozone, 0.02 ppm, caused a change in neither cough threshold nor FEV1, even when the duration of exposure was extended to three hours. The findings are consistent with the author's hypothesis that ozone may sensitize nerve endings in the airways by inactivating neutral endopeptidase, an enzyme that regulates their activity, but they do not demonstrate that directly examining an effect directly mediated by airway nerves allows detection of effects of ozone at doses below those causing effects detected by standard tests of pulmonary function.
Boushey, H.A.
Indoor Secondary Pollutants from Household Product Emissions inthe Presence of Ozone: A Bench-Scale Chamber Study
Ozone-driven chemistry is a major source of indoor secondary pollutants of health concern. This study investigates secondary air pollutants formed from reactions between constituents of household products and ozone. Gas-phase product emissions were introduced along with ozone at constant rates into a 198-L Teflon-lined reaction chamber. Gas-phase concentrations of reactive terpenoids and oxidation products were measured. Formaldehyde was a predominant oxidation byproduct for the three studied products, with yields under most conditions of 20-30% with respect to ozone consumed. Acetaldehyde, acetone, glycolaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acid were each also detected for two or three of the products. Immediately upon mixing of reactants, a scanning mobility particle sizer detected particle nucleation events that were followed by a significant degree of ultrafine particle growth. The production of secondary gaseous pollutants and particles depended primarily on the ozone level and was influenced by other parameters such as the air-exchange rate. Hydroxyl radical concentrations in the range 0.04-200 x 10{sup 5} molecules cm{sup -3} were measured. OH concentrations were observed to vary strongly with residual ozone level in the chamber, which was in the range 1-25 ppb, as is consistent with expectations from a simplified kinetic model. In a separate test, we exposed the dry residue of two products to ozone in the chamber and observed the formation of gas-phase and particle-phase secondary oxidation products.
Destaillats, Hugo; Lunden, Melissa M.; Singer, Brett C.; Coleman,Beverly K.; Hodgson, Alfred T.; Weschler, Charles J.; Nazaroff, William W.
Promotional plan: the Center for Urban Horticulture, Seattle, Washington
promotional activities enacted by the Center for Urban Horticulture. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Upon the completion of this phase in my life, there are several people I would like to acknowledge for their support and guidance. First, the Center for Urban... environment for growing a wide range of plants, accessibility of a major research and teaching university (with established Departments of Forestry and Botany), enthusiastic support from local horticultural societies, and instant access to an urban "field...
Pesl, Suzanne R.
Kudzu (Pueraria montana) invasion doubles emissions of nitric oxide and increases ozone pollution
Kudzu (Pueraria montana) invasion doubles emissions of nitric oxide and increases ozone pollution) The nitrogen-fixing legume kudzu (Pueraria montana) is a wide- spread invasive plant in the southeastern United the effects of kudzu invasions on soils and trace N gas emissions at three sites in Madison County, Georgia
Effects of Ion-Exchange Treatment on Bromate Formation and Oxidation Efficiency during Ozonation
water treatment. In this study, we applied several different ion exchangers (i.e., anion exchange resins technologies in advanced drinking water treatment processes along with activated carbon treatment. Ozonation), chlorine-resistant pathogenic organisms, and various micropollutants in drinking water treatment. In Japan
Takada, Shoji
Constraining global isoprene emissions with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) formaldehyde column measurements
Constraining global isoprene emissions with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) formaldehyde emission estimates are highly uncertain because of a lack of direct observations. Formaldehyde (HCHO the observation of this trace gas to help constrain isoprene emissions. We use HCHO column observations from
Chance, Kelly
Three-dimensional modeling of ozone on Mars Franck Lefe`vre,1
picture of a global anticorrelation between the ozone (O3) and water vapor columns. However and Structure: Middle atmosphere--constituent transport and chemistry (3334); 5405 Planetology: Solid Surface Planets: Atmospheres--composition and chemistry; 6225 Planetology: Solar System Objects: Mars; KEYWORDS
Forget, François
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Joost B. Beltman a
The impact of large scale biomass production on ozone air pollution in Europe Joost B. Beltman a , Carlijn Hendriks a , Markus Tum b , Martijn Schaap a,* a TNO, Department of Climate, Air by up to 25% and 40%. Air pollution mitigation strategies should consider land use management. a r t i
Synthesis of nickel�zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticle and dye degradation using photocatalytic ozonation
Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ? Nickel�zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticle (NZFMN) was synthesized and characterized. ? Dye degradation by photocatalytic ozonation using NZFMN was studied. ? Formate, acetate and oxalate were detected as dominant dye degradation aliphatic intermediates. ? Nitrate, sulfate and chloride ions were detected as mineralization products of dyes. ? NZFMN was an effective magnetic nanocatalyst to degrade dyes. -- Abstract: In this paper, nickel�zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticle (NZFMN) was synthesized and its dye degradation ability using photocatalytic ozonation was investigated. The NZFMN was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and alternative gradient force magnetometer (AGFM). Reactive Red 198 (RR198) and Direct Green 6 (DG6) were used as dye models. UV�vis and ion chromatography (IC) analyses were employed to study dye degradation. The effects of operational parameters on decolorization such as NZFMN dosage, dye concentration, salt and pH were studied. RR198 and DG6 were completely decolorized (100%) by photocatalytic ozonation using NZFMN. Formate, acetate and oxalate anions were detected as dominant aliphatic intermediates. Nitrate, sulfate and chloride ions were detected as mineralization products of dyes. Results showed that the photocatalytic ozonation using NZFMN was a very effective method for dye degradation.
Mahmoodi, Niyaz Mohammad, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Bashiri, Marziyeh; Moeen, Shirin Jebeli [Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
ozone monitoring stations in Connecticut and Rohde Island were used for the analysis. The monitoring stations were classified into different categories based on their locations and land cover characteristics. Cars and gasoline-burning engines are large sources of VOCs. VOCs also come from consumer products
Wang, Y.Q. "Yeqiao"
Growth and crown architecture of two aspen genotypes exposed to interacting ozone and carbon dioxide
Growth and crown architecture of two aspen genotypes exposed to interacting ozone and carbon to O3, atmos- pheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing rapidly (Keeling et al., 1995 concentrations may offset the detrimental effects of increasing O3 (Allen, 1990). Some studies have shown that CO
A Laboratory Method For Measuring The Ozone Emission From In-duct Air Cleaners.
: Emission rate, HVAC air cleaners, electrostatic precipitators, coronas, standard test method 1 Introduction Subchapter 8.7). However, in-duct air cleaners including electronic air cleaners, electrostatic precipitators of an ozone analyzer. Viner et al. (1992) studied commercial in-duct electrostatic precipitators and observed
Earth'sFuture Stratospheric ozone response to a solar irradiance reduction
the stratospheric ozone response to a proposed geoengineering activity wherein a reduced top-of-atmosphere (TOA to the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) Experiment G1. Three primary simulations were completed geoengineering activities have been proposed as possible techniques to help counteract the ongoing climate change
Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate geoengineering: Results from the Geoengineering Model
Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate geoengineering: Results from the Geoengineering Model for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Abstract Geoengineering with stratospheric sulfate aerosols has the experiments G3 and G4 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. On average, the models simulate
Robock, Alan
Probing into regional ozone and particulate matter pollution in the United States
) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and associated health effects have been one of the majorProbing into regional ozone and particulate matter pollution in the United States: 1. A 1 year CMAQ-term simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system and subsequent process analyses
Jacobson, Mark
Ozone depletion during the solar proton events of October//November 2003 as seen by SCIAMACHY
Ozone depletion during the solar proton events of October//November 2003 as seen by SCIAMACHY G changes caused by the solar proton events from 26 October to 6 November 2003, known as the ``Halloween differences are given. Two regimes can be distinguished, one above about 50 km dominated by HOx (H, OH, HO2
Steinhoff, Heinz-Jürgen
PublishedbyManeyPublishing(c)IOMCommunicationsLtd Influence of UV irradiation and ozone on
of purified humid air containing predetermined quantities of SO2, NO2, H2S, Cl2, HCI, NH3 and O3. This lackPublishedbyManeyPublishing(c)IOMCommunicationsLtd Influence of UV irradiation and ozone by ultraviolet (UV) light was investigated. A modified coulometric reduction technique was used, substituting
Earth'sFuture Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss
Earth'sFuture Multidecadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear inertia and albedo effects in the ocean and expanded sea ice. The combined cooling and enhanced UV would put significant pressures on global food supplies and could trigger a global nuclear famine. Knowledge
Interactions of ozone and pathogens on the surface structure of Norway spruce needles
Interactions of ozone and pathogens on the surface structure of Norway spruce needles K. Ojanperä S and pathogens. It also acts as a barrier to air pollutants (Jeffree, 1986). The epicuticular wax of Norway and then a plate-like wax structure (Sauter and Voss, 1986). The life span of healthy needles of Norway spruce
Characterization and correction of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 ultraviolet measurements and application
analysis indicates that reflectance degradation began at the beginning of the mission; the reflectance degrades by 15% around 290 nm and by 2.2% around 325 nm from 2007 through 2009. Degradation shows of radiance in the ultraviolet (UV) region is essential for retrievals of ozone profiles especially
White Pine Emission Trends of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes After Acute Ozone Exposure
White Pine Emission Trends of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes After Acute Ozone Exposure Daniel M of White Pine (Pinus strobus) specimens located at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS). To measure terpene production, dynamic branch enclosures were simultaneously positioned on White Pine
Collins, Gary S.
Thickness influence on surface morphology and ozone sensing properties of nanostructured ZnO transparent
, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Available online 19 January 2006 Abstract Transparent zinc oxide (Zn Keywords: Zinc oxide; PLD; AFM; Ozone 1. Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type semiconductor devices [3], varistors, planar optical waveguides [4], transparent electrodes [5,6], ultraviolet
A neural emission-receptor model for ozone reduction S.Barazzetta, G. Corani
in air pollution studies because of their impact on human health and agricultural crops and forests. High,email@example.com Abstract: Ground level ozone pollution is a complex phenomenon heavily affecting industrialized and pop problem that determines the least cost alternatives to obtain a given air quality standard. The decision
Corani, Giorgio
Author's personal copy Digestive utilization of ozone-exposed forage by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Author's personal copy Digestive utilization of ozone-exposed forage by rabbits (Oryctolagus Digestibility Forage quality Herbivore nutrition Phenolics Rabbits Southern Piedmont a b s t r a c t A mixture) in a digestibility experiment. Forages and feed refusals were analyzed for concentrations of total cell wall
Ditchkoff, Steve
The Economic Impact of Global Climate and Tropospheric Ozone on World Agricultural Production
by Xiaodu (Dulles) Wang Bachelor of Science with majors in Electrical Engineering, Economics and ComputerThe Economic Impact of Global Climate and Tropospheric Ozone on World Agricultural Production Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, June 2003 Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division
Net ecosystem fluxes of isoprene over tropical South America inferred from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)
Net ecosystem fluxes of isoprene over tropical South America inferred from Global Ozone Monitoring estimate isoprene emissions over tropical South America during 19972001 using column measurements (ATSR) firecounts and GOME NO2 columns. We find that South America can be split into eastern and western
Ground-level ozone in the 21st century: future trends,
Ground-level ozone in the 21st century: future trends, impacts and policy implications October 2008 Price £39 web royalsociety.org Science Policy REPORT 15/08 #12;Cover image: Sunrise over the River Ganges in Varanasi, India showing a sunny and polluted sky, characteristic of photochemical smog
Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring
Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring Meiyun the mechanisms involved in the transport of Asian pollution plumes into western U.S. surface air through, including the interleaving and mixing of Asian pollution and stratospheric air associated with complex
Guidelines and Toolkits for Urban Transport Development in Medium...
practitioners in states and municipal governments who are concerned with urban transport development in medium-sized cities in India. In addition, officials within the central...
Methodology for Assesment of Urban Water Planning Objectives
TR-51 1973 Methodology for Assessment of Urban Water Planning Objectives W.L. Meier B.M. Thornton Texas Water Resources Institute Texas A&M University ...
Meier, W. L.; Thornton, B. M.
taking charge : optimizing urban charging infrastructure for shared electric vehicles
This thesis analyses the opportunities and constraints of deploying charging infrastructure for shared electric vehicles in urban environments. Existing electric vehicle charging infrastructure for privately owned vehicles ...
Subramani, Praveen
Building America Whole-House Solutions for New Homes: Urbane...
rigid foam insulated slabs and foundation walls, advanced framed walls, high-efficiency heat pumps, and ducts in conditioned space. Urbane Homes - Louisville, KY More Documents &...
Evaluating Exhaust Emission Performance of Urban Buses Using...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 2004 DEER Conference Aug 28 - Sept 2, Coronado, California, USA VTT PROCESSES Kimmo Erkkil 1 EVALUATING EXHAUST EMISSION PERFORMANCE OF URBAN...
Urban Land and Housing Markets in the Punjab, Pakistan
County Madera County Kings County Tulare County Kern Countywill be urbanized. Madera and Kings counties will also seeMadera, Merced, Kings, and Tulare counties. The results of
David E. Dowall; Peter Ellis
Model for Sustainable Urban Design With Expanded Sections on...
Design With Expanded Sections on Distributed Energy Resources, February 2004 Model for Sustainable Urban Design With Expanded Sections on Distributed Energy Resources, February...
Sustainable Urban Development Priorities - Development of a Rapid...
in Cities with Data Scarcity Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Sustainable Urban Development Priorities - Development of a Rapid Assessment Tool for...
Quality and Price Perceptions of Urban Chinese Consumers.
??Abstract Quality and price are two product attributes that urban Chinese consumers always take into consideration in the evaluation of alternative brands. Understanding how they� (more)
Zhang , Chun
Adapting Urban Transport to Climate Change- Module 5f - Sustainable...
Adapting Urban Transport to Climate Change- Module 5f - Sustainable transport: a sourcebook for policy-makers in developing cities Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH...
Introduction I. What is Sustainable Development in General?PAGE Definitions of Sustainable Development Perspectiveson Sustainable Development Perspectives on Sustainable Urban
renewable energy -building science -urban physics LESO LUNCHTIME* LECTURES
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Testerman, Donna M.
South Africa-Promoting Low Emission Urban Development Strategies...
Countries (URBAN-LEDS) AgencyCompany Organization ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, European Commission, UN Habitat Sector Climate, Energy Focus Area Renewable...
Promoting Low Emission Urban Development Strategies in Emerging...
Project (URBAN LEDS) AgencyCompany Organization ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability Sector Climate, Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency Topics Low...
Decentralizing urbanization : harnessing the potential of small cities in India
Perceived as symbols of national development or degeneration, megacities continue to dominate discourse and action related to urbanization, particularly in developing countries like India. Simultaneously, a large portion ...
Suri, Sagarika
Complex Adaptive Systems Simulation-Optimization Framework for Adaptive Urban Water Resources Management
Population growth, urbanization and climate change threaten urban water systems. The rise of demands caused by growing urban areas and the potential decrease of water availability caused by the increase of frequency and severity of droughts...
Giacomoni, Marcio
Music as an Interventional Design Tool for Urban Designers 1. Methodology
into urban elements. The resulting urban environment is a more balanced eco-system, viable and sustainable representation of the urban environment (a facade of the street, square, etc is first transcribed to music score
Mania, Katerina
"Foundation Challenges in Urban Environment" Presented by ASCE Metropolitan Section / Geo-Institute Chapter
"Foundation Challenges in Urban Environment" Presented by ASCE Metropolitan Section / Geo EXCAVATION STABILITY: A CRITICAL FOUNDATION CONSIDERATION IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS Daniel A. Vellone, PG, M: Urban construction environments in rock present unique foundation challenges. Owners, design
Merguerian, Charles
Vertical Village : towards a new typology of high-density low-income urban housing
Apocalyptic global urbanization is old news. For generations statistically supported oracles have warned against the rising tide of rapid urban growth, one must only casually search the keywords "urban slum" on Goggle to ...
Harper, Caleb Benjamin
Architecture symbiosis--a study of cultural synthesis : urban design proposal for Boston Chinatown
The present thesis will focus on the role of culture in architecture and urbanism. The new environment should represent the identity of its inhabitants and the coherence of existing urban context. Architecture and urban ...
Kuo, Hsuyuan
UrbanSolutionsCenter Landscape Maintenance Practices Influence Fire Ant Establishment
UrbanSolutionsCenter Landscape Maintenance Practices Influence Fire Ant Establishment Background one of our most economically important pests in urban landscapes. Fire Ants cause extensive mounding are often necessary in urban landscapes around residential and commercial buildings, in parks
Failure of ozone and nitrogen dioxide to enhance lung tumor development in hamsters
We tested the hypothesis that the two common oxidant air pollutants, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, modulate the development of respiratory tract tumors in Syrian golden hamsters. The animals received subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (20 mg/kg) twice a week while being exposed continuously to an atmosphere of 0.8 parts per million (ppm)* of ozone or 15 ppm of nitrogen dioxide. Animals were killed 16 weeks or 24 to 32 weeks after the beginning of the treatment. Ozone delayed the appearance of tracheal tumors and reduced the incidence of tumors in the lung periphery. A suspected neuroendocrine differentiation of those lung tumors could not be established by immunocytochemistry due to overfixation of tissues. On the other hand, ozone seemed to mitigate development of hepatotoxic lesions mediated by diethylnitrosamine. In animals treated with diethylnitrosamine and exposed to nitrogen dioxide, fewer tracheal tumors and no lung tumors were found. Only a few lung tumors were produced in animals treated with diethylnitrosamine and kept in an atmosphere of 65% oxygen. The previously observed neuroendocrine nature of tumors induced by simultaneous exposure to diethylnitrosamine and hyperoxia could not be established because the long fixation of tissues precluded immunocytochemical stains. Animals treated with diethylnitrosamine and kept in filtered air while being housed in wire-mesh cages developed fewer lung tumors than animals given the same treatment and kept on conventional bedding in shoebox cages. Although all inhalants tested are known to produce substantial cell proliferation in the respiratory tract, it was not possible to document whether this would enhance lung tumor development. The role of the two common air pollutants, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, as possible additional risks in the pathogenesis of lung cancer in animals continues to remain uncertain.
Witschi, H.; Breider, M.A.; Schuller, H.M. (Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States))
Introduction The U.S. population has grown increasingly urban
Ecological Services Trees provide ecological services that include 1) re- duced air pollution, 2) storm air pollution by trapping particulate mat- ter in their leafy canopies and by absorbing noxious health problems related to air pollution. Tree canopies also intercept large amounts of rain, reducing
Liskiewicz, Maciej
A long-term post-project evaluation of an urban stream restoration project (Baxter Creek, El Cerrito, California)
1995. Evaluating stream restoration projects. Environmentalof a small, urban stream restoration project in northernhistory of urban stream restoration. Aquatic Conservation:
Purcell, Alison
TQ4. Human Health and Urbanization How does urbanization affect the local, regional, and global
-Questions · How do changes in land cover and land use affect surface energy balance and the sustainability areas are considerably warmer than their rural counterparts and this phenomenon is known as the urban: ·Satellite observations for measurement of surface temperature, energy balance, energy fluxes, emissivity
Christian, Eric
Smart Beijing: Correlation of Urban Electrical Energy Consumption with Urban Environmental Sensing for Optimizing Distribution Planning
parameters (air quality, noise pollution, traffic levels, water quality, etc.) in a distributed manner and create anomolies in pollution levels in specific locations, such as sporting events, rallies and fairs pollution and a series of other social problems. The urban electrical energy development has also been
Beigl, Michael
Improving urban transport performances by tendering lots : an econometric estimation of
- 1 - Improving urban transport performances by tendering lots : an econometric estimation, Christensen & Tretheway 1984), and a large number of econometric estimations had been realised on urban
E-Print Network 3.0 - acque reflue urbane Sample Search Results
Improve Landscape Tree Performance Summary: Engineering Urban Soils to Improve Landscape Tree Performance P. Eric Wiseman, Ph.D. Assistant... Professor, Urban Forestry Department...
Finding Space Beyond Variables: An Analytical Review of Urban Space and Social Inequalities
On the Social Organization of Urban Space: Subversions andand Community in Urban Spaces. � In David Bell & Gill1991. The Production of Space. Transl. Donald Nicholson-
Joseph, Lauren
E-Print Network 3.0 - attending urban health Sample Search Results
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSINGURBAN PUBLIC HEALTH (MSMPH), 57 CREDITS... cr. 704 Urban Health Care Systems 3cr. 749 Health PromotionDisease Prevention In Diverse Populations... Urban...
Selection of Native Wetland Plants for Water Treatment of Urban Runoff
UC Davis KEYWORDS: Wetlands, Water Treatment, Urban Runoff,of Native Wetland Plants for Water Treatment of UrbanValley Wetlands Biomass Response to Heavy Metal Treatment
Rejmankova, Eliska; Bayer, David E
Five blind men and the elephant: what can the NASA Aura ozone measurements tell us about stratosphere-troposphere exchange?
Five blind men and the elephant: what can the NASA Auraof the five blind men and the elephant, where the five Auramen� who are touching the �elephant� (ozone) in dif- ferent
Tang, Q.; Prather, M. J
Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 US cities Michelle L. Bell & Richard Goldberg & Christian Hogrefe &
Climate change, ambient ozone, and health in 50 US cities Michelle L. Bell & Richard Goldberg Haven, CT 06511, USA e-mail: email@example.com R. Goldberg Center for Climate Systems Research emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
Re-evaluation of total and Umkehr ozone data from NOAA-CMDL Dobson spectrophotometer observatories. Final report
This report describes work to improve the quality of total ozone and Umkehr data obtained in the past at the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory and the Dobson spectrophotometer ozone observatories. The authors present results of total ozone data re-evaluations for ten stations: Byrd, Antarctica; Fairbanks, Alaska; Hallett, Antarctica; Huancayo, Peru; Haute Provence, France; Lauder, New Zealand; Perth, Australia; Poker Flat, Alaska; Puerto Montt, Chile; and South Pole, Antarctica. The improved data will be submitted in early 1996 to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Ozone Data Center (WODC), and the Atmospheric Environment Service for archiving. Considerable work has been accomplished, also, in reevaluating Umkehr data from seven of the stations, viz., Huancayo, Haute Provence, Lauder, Perth, Poker Flat, Boulder, Colorado; and Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Komhyr, W.D.; Quincy, D.M.; Grass, R.D.; Koenig, G.L. [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO (United States). Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Lab.
Effects of a modular two-step ozone-water and annealing process on silicon carbide graphene
By combining ozone and water, the effect of exposing epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide to an aggressive wet-chemical process has been evaluated after high temperature annealing in ultra high vacuum. The decomposition of ozone in water produces a number of oxidizing species, however, despite long exposure times to the aqueous-ozone environment, no graphene oxide was observed after the two-step process. The systems were comprehensively characterized before and after processing using Raman spectroscopy, core level photoemission spectroscopy, and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy together with low energy electron diffraction, low energy electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In spite of the chemical potential of the aqueous-ozone reaction environment, the graphene domains were largely unaffected raising the prospect of employing such simple chemical and annealing protocols to clean or prepare epitaxial graphene surfaces.
Webb, Matthew J., E-mail: email@example.com; Lundstedt, Anna; Grennberg, Helena [Department of Chemistry�BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala (Sweden); Polley, Craig; Niu, Yuran; Zakharov, Alexei A.; Balasubramanian, Thiagarajan [MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund (Sweden); Dirscherl, Kai [DFM�Danish Fundamental Metrology, Matematiktorvet 307, DK-2800 Lyngby (Denmark); Burwell, Gregory; Guy, Owen J. [College of Engineering, Faraday Tower, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP (United Kingdom); Palmgren, P�l [VG Scienta Scientific AB, Box 15120, Vallongatan 1, SE-750 15 Uppsala (Sweden); Yakimova, Rositsa [Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Link�ping University, SE-581 83 Link�ping (Sweden)
Past and Future Effects of Ozone on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Global Biogeochemical Model
Exposure of plants to ozone inhibits photosynthesis and therefore reduces vegetation production and carbon sequestration. Simulations with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) for the historical period (1860-1995) show ...
Felzer, Benjamin Seth.
Ozone effects on net primary production and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a biogeochemistry model
The effects of air pollution on vegetation may provide an important control on the carbon cycle that has not yet been widely considered. Prolonged exposure to high levels of ozone, in particular, has been observed to inhibit ...
Felzer, Benjamin Seth.; Kicklighter, David W.; Melillo, Jerry M.; Wang, Chien.; Zhuang, Qianlai.; Prinn, Ronald G.
Fuel cells: providing heat and power in the urban environment
Fuel cells: providing heat and power in the urban environment Jim Halliday, Alan Ruddell, Jane;Fuel cells: providing heat and power in the urban environment Tyndall Centre Technical Report No. 32 efficiencies, and therefore reduced CO2 emissions, compared to conventional centralised generation. Fuel cell
Watson, Andrew
UrbanSolutionsCenter Soil Organic Matter and Compost Utilization
UrbanSolutionsCenter Soil Organic Matter and Compost Utilization Background High clay content soils is yard waste compost, and composting is becoming increasingly common in urban areas due to municipal yard waste collection and composting programs such as the one in Plano, Texas. Wastewater biosolids
Modeling impact of urban air pollution on health
Modeling impact of urban air pollution on health: Preliminary results and testing a methodology with hospitals for the study of air pollution impact on specific deceases (old people admitted in emergency morbidity data and pollutants concentrations at the regional/urban scale Health and air quality in France
Menut, Laurent
Sediment management in sustainable urban drainage system ponds
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Heal, Kate
Persistent pollutants urban rivers sediment survey: implications for pollution control
in the motor and construction industries; housekeeping measures to minimise storage and handling risks for oilPersistent pollutants urban rivers sediment survey: implications for pollution control C. email@example.com) Abstract The impacts of diffuse urban sources of pollution on watercourses are quantified. A survey of nine
Sustainable Decentralized Model for Solid Waste Management in Urban India
Sustainable Decentralized Model for Solid Waste Management in Urban India Hita Unnikrishnan, Brunda the sustenance of a decentralized solid waste management system in urban India. Towards this end, two a national legislation the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) rules, 2000 (Ministry
Urban Computing With City Dynamics Dr. Yu Zheng
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Rajamani, Sriram K.
boundary layer, Urban climato- logy, Urban energy balance. 1. Introduction The main reason floor) and vertical (walls) surfaces on the wind speed, temperature and turbulent kinetic energy in a bidimensional case of a city over flat terrain. The new parameterisation is shown to be able to reproduce
Energy Usage Attitudes of Urban India IBM Research India
Energy Usage Attitudes of Urban India Mohit Jain IBM Research India firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Amarjeet Singh IIIT Delhi, India firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-- Though rapid increase in energy factors affecting energy consumption in urban India. However, the small numbers of participants in those
Toronto, University of
Department of Entomology JAPANESE BEETLES IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE
Department of Entomology E-75-W JAPANESE BEETLES IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE Timothy J. Gibb of the Japanese beetle are found in rural and urban areas throughout Indiana.This insect is most damaging tolawns, E) must first be diluted in water, then applied as a spray. Both spray and granular applications
Ginzel, Matthew
Demonstration of Advanced Technologies for Multi-Load Washers in Hospitality and Healthcare � Ozone Based Laundry Systems
The objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate market-ready retrofit technologies for reducing the energy and water use of multi-load washers in healthcare and hospitality facilities. Specifically, this project evaluated laundry wastewater recycling technology in the hospitality sector and ozone laundry technology in both the healthcare and hospitality sectors. This report documents the demonstration of ozone laundry system installations at the Charleston Place Hotel in Charleston, Sout Carolina, and the Rogerson House assisted living facility in Boston, Massachusetts.
Boyd, Brian K.; Parker, Graham B.; Petersen, Joseph M.; Sullivan, Greg; Goetzler, W.; Sutherland, T. A.; Foley, K. J.
Surfactants containing radioactive run-offs: Ozone treatment, influence on nuclear power plants water waste special treatment
The authors discuss the problems encountered in the efficiency of radioactive waste treatment in nuclear power plants in Kursk. The ozonization of aqueous solutions of surfactants was carried out in the laboratory`s ozonization system. The surfactants which are discharged to the ion exchangers deteriorate resins, clog up the ion exchangers, and decrease filtration velocity. Therefore, this investigation focused on finding a method to increase the efficiency of this treatment process.
Prokudina, S.A.; Grachok, M.A. [Belarussian State Economic Univ., Minsk (Belarus)
Membrane contactor/separator for an advanced ozone membrane reactor for treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants in water
An advanced ozone membrane reactor that synergistically combines membrane distributor for ozone gas, membrane contactor for pollutant adsorption and reaction, and membrane separator for clean water production is described. The membrane reactor represents an order of magnitude improvement over traditional semibatch reactor design and is capable of complete conversion of recalcitrant endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water at less than three minutes residence time. Coating the membrane contactor with alumina and hydrotalcite (Mg/Al=3) adsorbs and traps the organics in the reaction zone resulting in 30% increase of total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Large surface area coating that diffuses surface charges from adsorbed polar organic molecules is preferred as it reduces membrane polarization that is detrimental to separation. - Graphical abstract: Advanced ozone membrane reactor synergistically combines membrane distributor for ozone, membrane contactor for sorption and reaction and membrane separator for clean water production to achieve an order of magnitude enhancement in treatment performance compared to traditional ozone reactor. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Novel reactor using membranes for ozone distributor, reaction contactor and water separator. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Designed to achieve an order of magnitude enhancement over traditional reactor. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and hydrotalcite coatings capture and trap pollutants giving additional 30% TOC removal. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer High surface area coating prevents polarization and improves membrane separation and life.
Chan, Wai Kit, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Joueet, Justine; Heng, Samuel; Yeung, King Lun [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Schrotter, Jean-Christophe [Water Research Center of Veolia, Anjou Recherche, Chemin de la Digue, BP 76. 78603, Maisons Laffitte, Cedex (France)
Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Not Seasonally Adjusted Not Seasonally Adjusted
Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Not Seasonally Documents, Consumer Price Index, Legislative Council Staff, Colo. General Assembly "Other Publications" U. S. and Denver/Boulder Consumer Price Index (CPI) U.S. Denver/Boulder Institutional Research 12/10/2013 #12;
Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Not Seasonally://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/CGA-LegislativeCouncil/CLC/1209375339625 *Other Economic Research Documents, Consumer Price Index, Legislative Council Staff, Colo. General Assembly "Other Publications" U. S. and Denver/Boulder Consumer Price Index (CPI) U.S. Denver
Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers Not Seasonally://www.bls.gov/cpi/home.htm) *Other Economic Research Documents, Consumer Price Index , Legislative Council Staff, Colo. General Assembly "Other Publications" U. S. and Denver/Boulder Consumer Price Index (CPI) U.S. Denver/Boulder http
The different urban efforts to revitalize urban neighborhoods in the United States and the United Kingdom: comparative case study based on governmental responses focusing on urban neighborhood revitalization
of Housing and Urban Development, 1975) Stable and viable #0;? Homogeneous #0;? New #0;? Single family First Grade "A" Area (green) Well-planned, homogeneous population First Stage New residential construction Stage 1 Single-family residential... to be marked by the dramatic fall of employment opportunities as well as decisions by public and private institutions that were detrimental to urban neighborhoods by discouraging investment and support for social and institutional resources in them...
Ko, Youngho
Photochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons: implications for ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation
formation is essential to assess the urban air pollution. This dissertation consists of two parts: (1) theoretical investigation of the toluene oxidation initiated by OH radical using quantum chemical and kinetic calculations to understand the mechanism of O...
Suh, Inseon
Resonating Valence Bond Quantum Monte Carlo: Application to the ozone molecule
We study the potential energy surface of the ozone molecule by means of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations based on the resonating valence bond concept. The trial wave function consists of an antisymmetrized geminal power arranged in a single-determinant that is multiplied by a Jastrow correlation factor. Whereas the determinantal part incorporates static correlation effects, the augmented real-space correlation factor accounts for the dynamics electron correlation. The accuracy of this approach is demonstrated by computing the potential energy surface for the ozone molecule in three vibrational states: symmetric, asymmetric and scissoring. We find that the employed wave function provides a detailed description of rather strongly-correlated multi-reference systems, which is in quantitative agreement with experiment.
Azadi, Sam; K�hne, Thomas D
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Derived Data, Global Earth Coverage (GEC) from NASA's Earth Probe Satellite
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
This is data from an external datastream processed through the ARM External Data Center (XDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The XDC identifies sources and acquires data, called "external data", to augment the data being generated within the ARM program. The external data acquired are usually converted from native format to either netCDF or HDF formats. The GEC collection contains global data derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument on the Earth Probe satellite, consisting of daily values of aerosol index, ozone and reflectivity remapped into a regular 1x1.25 deg grid. Data are available from July 25, 1996 - December 31, 2005, but have been updated or replaced as of September 2007. See the explanation on the ARM web site at http://www.arm.gov/xds/static/toms.stm and the information at the NASA/TOMS web site: http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (Registration required)
Climate change after Bali If the estimated 10,000 that gathered in London in the rain last Saturday is anything
Climate change after Bali If the estimated 10,000 that gathered in London in the rain last Saturday is anything to go by, climate change occupies a marginal place on the global political agenda. In contrast undoubtedly delivered a blow to direct action, yet it is still hard to imagine climate change galvanizing
Heinke, Dietmar
Microbial Fuel Cells -Solar Times http://solar.rain-barrel.net/microbial-fuel-cells/ 1 of 3 6/28/2006 11:32 AM
.com Hydrogen Fuel Cells Buy Commercial & Educational Stacks PEM, Fuel Cell Generators & More! www.TheHydrogenCompany.com Hydrogen Fuel Cell Improve Your Fuel Economy 20 to 50% Begin Saving Fuel Now www.SaveMoreWithHydrogenMicrobial Fuel Cells - Solar Times http://solar.rain-barrel.net/microbial-fuel-cells/ 1 of 3 6
Lovley, Derek
Environmental radiological monitoring of air, rain, and snow on and near the Hanford Site, 1945-1957
This report is a result of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) Project. The goal of the HEDR Project is to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received from emissions since 1944 at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. Members of the HEDR Project`s Environmental Monitoring Data Task have developed databases of historical environmental measurements of such emissions. Hanford documents were searched for information on the radiological monitoring of air, rain, and snow at and near the Hanford Site in Richland, Washington. The monitoring information was reviewed and summarized. The end product is a yearly overview of air, rain, and snow samples as well as ambient radiation levels in the air that were measured from 1945 through 1957. The following information is provided in each annual summary: the media sampled, the constituents (radionuclides) measured/reported, the sampling locations, the sampling frequencies, the sampling methods, and the document references. For some years a notes category is included that contains additional useful information. For the years 1948 through 1957, tables summarizing the sampling locations for the various sample media are also included in the appendix. A large number of documents were reviewed to obtain the information in this report. A reference list is attached to the end of each annual summary. All of the information summarized here was obtained from reports originating at Hanford. These reports are all publicly available and can be found in the Richland Operations Office (RL) public reading room. The information in this report has been compiled without analysis and should only be used as a guide to the original documents.
Hanf, R.W.; Thiede, M.E.
Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone � Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability
, Germany 28Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 29Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies, Tokyo, Japan 30Research Centre J�lich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research... Sciences, G�teborg, Sweden Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1396 B. Hassler et al.: Ozone profile measurements 34Institut f�r Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universit�t Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 35...
Hassler, B.; Petropavlovskikh, I.; Staehelin, J.; August, T.; Bhartia, P. K.; Clerbaux, C.; Degenstein, D.; Maziere, M. De; Dinelli, B. M.; Dudhia, A.; Dufour, G.; Frith, S. M.; Froidevaux, L.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Granville, J.; Harris, N. R. P.; Hoppel, K.; Hubert, D.; Kasai, Y.; Kurylo, M. J.; Kyrola, E.; Lambert, J.-C.; Levelt, P. F.; McElroy, C. T.; McPeters, R. D.; Munro, R.; Nakajima, H.; Parrish, A.; Raspollini, P.; Remsberg, E. E.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Rozanov, A.; Sano, T.; Sasano, Y.; Shiotani, M.; Smit, H. G. J.; Stiller, G.; Tamminen, J.; Tarasick, D. W.; Urban, J.; van der A, R. J.; Veefkind, J. P.; Vigouroux, C.; von Clarmann, T.; von Savigny, C.; Walker, K. A.; Weber, M.; Wild, J.; Zawodny, J. M.
An assessment of alternatives and technologies for replacing ozone- depleting substances at DOE facilities
Title VI of the Clean Air Act, as amended, mandates a production phase-out for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). These requirements will have a significant impact on US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Currently, DOE uses ODSs in three major activities: fire suppression (halon), refrigeration and cooling (chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs]), and cleaning that requires solvents (CFCs, methyl chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride). This report provides basic information on methods and strategies to phase out use of ODSs at DOE facilities.
Purcell, C.W.; Miller, K.B.; Friedman, J.R.; Rapoport, R.D.; Conover, D.R.; Hendrickson, P.L. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Koss, T.C. [USDOE Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety, and Health, Washington, DC (United States). Office of Environmental Guidance
Relationship between rubisco sulfhydryl content and relative sensitivity of potato cultivars to ozone
Ozone (O{sub 3}) induced a reduction in quantity of rubisco in potato foliage. In vitro, O{sub 3} predisposed purified rubisco to elevated proteolysis; reagents which protected sulfhydryl (SH) groups suppressed this effect. We hypothesized that rubisco SH content correlated directly with foliar O{sub 3} sensitivity. Rubisco was purified from Solanum tuberosum L. O{sub 3}-tolerant cv. Superior (SP) and Norgold Russet (NR), and O{sub 3}-susceptible cv. Norland (NL) and Cherokee (CK). When native rubisco was titrated with DTNB, protein of NL contained 1.33 and 1.26 times more SH groups than SP and NR, respectively. Rubisco from CK also contained more SH groups than SP and NR, but the difference was not significant. Rubisco of SP, NR and CK denatured by SDS exhibited identical number of SH groups, however, NL exhibited 1.15 times more SH groups. The greater number of SH groups in rubisco from NL versus SP and NR may explain its relative sensitivity to ozone. The role of SH groups in ozone-sensitivity of CK will require further study.
Enyedi, A.J.; Pell, E.J. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park (USA))
Secondary organic aerosol from ozone-initiated reactions with terpene-rich household products
We analyzed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) data from a series of small-chamber experiments in which terpene-rich vapors from household products were combined with ozone under conditions analogous to product use indoors. Reagents were introduced into a continuously ventilated 198 L chamber at steady rates. Consistently, at the time of ozone introduction, nucleation occurred exhibiting behavior similar to atmospheric events. The initial nucleation burst and growth was followed by a period in which approximately stable particle levels were established reflecting a balance between new particle formation, condensational growth, and removal by ventilation. Airborne particles were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, 10 to 400 nm) in every experiment and with an optical particle counter (OPC, 0.1 to 2.0 ?m) in a subset. Parameters for a three-mode lognormal fit to the size distribution at steady state were determined for each experiment. Increasing the supply ozone level increased the steady-state mass concentration and yield of SOA from each product tested. Decreasing the air-exchange rate increased the yield. The steady-state fine-particle mass concentration (PM1.1) ranged from 10 to> 300 mu g m-3 and yields ranged from 5percent to 37percent. Steady-state nucleation rates and SOA mass formation rates were on the order of 10 cm-3 s-1 and 10 mu g m-3 min-1, respectively.
Coleman, Beverly; Coleman, Beverly K.; Lunden, Melissa M.; Destaillats, Hugo; Nazaroff, William W.
Effects of ozone on the respiratory health, allergic sensitization, and cellular immune system in children
To investigate the lasting effects of high ozone concentrations under environmental conditions, we examined the respiratory health, pulmonary function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, allergic sensitization, and lymphocyte subpopulations of 10- to 14-yr-old children. A total of 218 children recruited from an area with high ozone concentrations (Group A) were tested against 281 children coming from an area with low ozone concentrations (Group B). As to subjective complaints, categorized as 'usually cough with or without phlegm,' 'breathlessness,' and 'susceptibility to chest colds,' there was no difference between the two groups. The lung function parameters were similar, but in Group A subjects' bronchial hyperresponsiveness occurred more frequently and was found to be more severe than in Group B (29.4 versus 19.9%, p less than 0.02; PD20 2,100 {plus minus} 87 versus 2,350 {plus minus} 58 micrograms, p less than 0.05). In both groups the number of children who had been suffering from allergic diseases and sensitization to aeroallergens, found by means of the skin test, was the same. Comparison of the total IgE levels showed no difference at all between the two groups. As far as the white blood cells are concerned, the total and differential cell count was the same, whereas lymphocyte subpopulations showed readily recognizable changes.
Zwick, H.; Popp, W.; Wagner, C.; Reiser, K.; Schmoeger, J.B.; Boeck, A.H.; Herkner, K.; Radunsky, K. (Pulmonary Department, Krankenhaus Lainz, Vienna (Austria))
Landscape and Urban Planning 87 (2008) 269278 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Landscape and Urban Planning 87 (2008) 269278 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Landscape and Urban Planning journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan Analyses of urban landscape September 2008 Keywords: Urbanization Satellite image Landscape pattern Petroleum-oriented cities a b s t r
Wang, Le
Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States
Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States David J forestry Tree cover Forest inventory a b s t r a c t Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees to determine total urban forest carbon storage and annual sequestration by state and nationally. Urban whole
Global Cooling: Effect of Urban Albedo on Global Temperature
In many urban areas, pavements and roofs constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). The roof and the pavement albedo can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.10, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. Many studies have demonstrated building cooling-energy savings in excess of 20% upon raising roof reflectivity from an existing 10-20% to about 60%. We estimate U.S. potential savings in excess of $1 billion (B) per year in net annual energy bills. Increasing albedo of urban surfaces can reduce the summertime urban temperature and improve the urban air quality. Increasing the urban albedo has the added benefit of reflecting more of the incoming global solar radiation and countering the effect of global warming. We estimate that increasing albedo of urban areas by 0.1 results in an increase of 3 x 10{sup -4} in Earth albedo. Using a simple global model, the change in air temperature in lowest 1.8 km of the atmosphere is estimated at 0.01K. Modelers predict a warming of about 3K in the next 60 years (0.05K/year). Change of 0.1 in urban albedo will result in 0.01K global cooling, a delay of {approx}0.2 years in global warming. This 0.2 years delay in global warming is equivalent to 10 Gt reduction in CO2 emissions.
Akbari, Hashem; Menon, Surabi; Rosenfeld, Arthur
Researcher explores economics of U.S. urban water demand
Story by Kathy Wythe tx H2O | pg. 24 Researcher explores economics of U.S. urban water demand Photo by: Danielle Supercinski tx H2O | pg. 25 With projected demands for future water supplies becoming more critical, understand- ing urban... contributing to urban water demand in the United States. They analyzed how water use is affected by water prices in nearly 200 U.S. cities. ?It?s interesting that many people still buy into the myth that water demand is not price- sensitive, even though...
Improving the Image, Identity, and Reputation of Urban School Systems
This collective qualitative case study explores the ways American urban school districts engage in image management and reputation building activities to sustain their on-going organizational improvement efforts and maintain public support...
Stockwell, Robert R.
A National Assessment of the Intrastructure for Urban Wildlife Management
ecosystems. Universities and state wildlife agencies are the main driving forces for research and management, and it is crucial that these institutions provide support for managing wildlife in urban environments. Universities (n = 73) and state wildlife...
Murphy, Michaela Rene
Methodologies for Analyzing Impact of Urbanization on Irrigation Districts
and structural image information. By overlapping urbanization maps to the water distribution network, we identified critical areas of impact. This impact was expressed as density of network fragments per unit area, or Network Fragmentation Index (NFI). A...
Bonaiti, G.; Fipps, G.
Urban and Industrial Sites Reinvestment Tax Credit Program (Connecticut)
The Urban and Industrial Sites Reinvestment Tax Credit Program provides up to $100 million in tax credits over a ten-year period to support projects that create jobs and capital investment in under...
The impacts of urbanization on endangered florida key deer
for resources between man and wildlife continues, it is important to understand the effects of urbanization on species. Endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) are endemic to the Florida Keys archipelago stretching southwest off the southern tip...
Harveson, Patricia Moody
Integrated Planning and Management for Urban Water Supplies
Positions for Water Supply Reliability ................................. 15 4 Shortage Management Modeling.2: Diagram of Water Supply Reliability Model Structure ..................49 5.3: Steps Used in ShortageIntegrated Planning and Management for Urban Water Supplies Considering Multiple Uncertainties Jay
Pasternack, Gregory B.
Effect of Government Policies on Urban and Rural Income Inequality
al. (2001), although the impact of the recent welfare reform does not appear to differ greatly that the impact of welfare reform on employment and earnings in the rural areas is smaller than in the urban areas
Perloff, Jeffrey M.
A review of urban computing for mobile phone traces
In this work, we present three classes of methods to extract information from triangulated mobile phone signals, and describe applications with different goals in spatiotemporal analysis and urban modeling. Our first ...
Jiang, Shan
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