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cover page MOBILIZING AID FOR TRADE FOR SPS-RELATED TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN EAST AFRICA SPS BALANCE SHEET FOR KENYA Research work for the Standards and Trade Development Facility Dr Mulat Abegaz This report reflects the views of the author alone and does not represent the views of the STDF or any of its partner agencies or donors. 1. Introduction 1. The objective of this STDF research work is to further strengthen the linkage between "supply" and "demand" of technical cooperation in the area of food safety, animal and plant health (collectively known as sanitary and phytosanitary or SPS) requirements. As such, this research is being carried out in the framework of the broader Aid for Trade Initiative. The work builds on existing capacity assessments in the SPS area of capacity evaluation tools developed and applied by international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank, as well as other studies and reports. It is not a new capacity evaluation, but rather an attempt to consolidate the results of previous studies. 2. This report presents a balance sheet of needs and supplies in the SPS area for Kenya. Similar balance sheets have been developed for Tanzania and Uganda, as well as at a regional level. The aim of the report is to strengthen the supply and demand for SPS-related technical cooperation by: • acting as a focus for information sharing of needs evaluations and ongoing and planned activities; and • identifying gaps where they exist and further mobilizing the provision of capacity building resources as necessary. 2. Overview of priority action areas 3. The Investment Programme for the Economic Recovery Strategy (IP-ERS) for Wealth and Employment Creation 2003-2007 (in the process of being replaced by "Vision 2030") and the National Export Strategy Implementation Action Plan 2005-2008 set out Kenya's economic growth and poverty reduction targets. Although the new government can be expected to update these strategy documents, the main constraints faced remain the same. Kenya's agriculture and food processing sector has a key to play in achieving poverty reduction and economic growth targets. Within this sector, a range of SPS issues act as a brake on productivity, impede access to potential markets and impose losses on the economy as a result of the burden of food-borne illness. The Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA, 2004) aims to make Kenya's products more competitive on international markets and improve producers' incomes. 4. Kenya has several "flagship" agro-industries which are successful models of export-led growth, in particular cut flowers, fresh vegetables, tea and fish. Within these success story sectors, SPS issues act as a brake on further growth and impose important control costs. A range of plant pests and diseases reduce fruit and vegetable production and the possibility of extending the successful model of small-holder supply chains into new product groups and growing areas. Ever more stringent food safety rules in key export markets with respect to residues of agro-chemicals and microbiological contamination require constant commercial vigilance, proactive regulatory action and effective research capacity to develop and deploy alternate control methods to maintain export volumes. Process based private standards designed to minimize food safety risks are being extended into environmental and social issues. A further challenge, although also not SPS-specific, is that posed by environment campaigners in certain key markets with regard the impact of air transport on climate change. 5. The lake fisheries sector is an example of where SPS issues have closed down a key export market. Fortunately, the sector is also an example of how these constraints have been successfully overcome. In the wake of export restrictions to the EU market in the late 1990s, Kenya upgraded compliance capacity in the lake fisheries sector, with assistance from a variety of donors, and reduced its dependence on the EU market by accessing new markets including Israel, Singapore, Japan and Australia. The last EU Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) inspection in 2006 noted excellent performance by the competent authority. However, SPS compliance is a process of continuous improvement. Thus, whilst noting the excellent performance with 2 respect to enforcement of local standards, the FVO still raised a number of concerns in relation to sanitary controls, in particular in relation to their equivalence with EU legislation in areas such as the ability to test for histamine and heavy metals. 6. SPS issues remain an absolute block for access to many markets for the livestock sector, a drain on productivity and threat to livelihoods for small farmers. The continued prevalence of important animal diseases for livestock trade, weak veterinary infrastructure, facilities and services, low rates of investment in slaughterhouses, meat processing and distribution services mean that Kenya's meat export opportunities are limited to intra-regional trade, mainly in live animals. The on-going efforts of the Kenyan Government, Department of Veterinary Service, the Dairy Board and private sector to improve the animal health situation and to support the sector in line with international standards need to be further supported. 7. The decline in coffee exports, one of Kenya's major traditional cash crops, has been exacerbated by pest and disease problems. A main export earner and a means of livelihood to several hundred thousand people, the sector has contracted by half during the last 20 years. Factors attributed to the decline are mainly related to commodity price decline, competition in the world coffee market, inefficiency in market arrangements and other issues. Against this background of economic downturn, the ability to control pests, diseases and weeds has also declined, so exacerbated the production downturn. 8. Food-borne diseases remain a problem in Kenya. Up to 70% of all episodes of diarrhoea may be attributed to ingestion of contaminated food and water. The most prevalent diseases in the year 2004 were typhoid dysentery and gastroenteritis, which affected 643,151, 600,660, and 722,275 people respectively. Others include aflatoxin poisoning (323), brucellosis (198) and cholera (68). Some of these are seasonal and require adequate planning for preventive response. For example, aflatoxin poisoning prevalence peaks during food shortages and rainy seasons preceded by drought conditions within specific regions, while typhoid peaks mainly during the rainy seasons. In addition, available statistics are not well documented and processed for use in decision-making. Investigations into causative factors and magnitudes of exposure to trigger their management are inadequate and require strengthening. 9. The burden of food-borne disease also creates a difficulty in the service sector, in particular for the tourism trade. The tourist sector's backward linkages related to the supply of safe food, hygiene and sanitation issues need to be properly addressed. For income from visitors to be maximized and the likelihood of return visits increased, food-borne risks need to be reduced. 10. Kenya's successful penetration of the EU market, in particular for cut flowers and fresh vegetables, can mask its equal success in expanding south-south trade. A growing range of primary and value-added products is going to the East African Community (EAC), the Common Market of East and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Middle East, Asia, Russia, Israel and other markets. In particular, Kenya has taken advantage of the improved trading opportunities afforded by the East African Customs Union and COMESA. Continued diversification both in the range of products traded and markets need to be further strengthened. Key in this respect is supporting the private sector associations which have been so prominent in driving the success development of their sectors (horticulture, fish, tea, etc.) and pushing for a supportive government policy environment. 11. Based on existing capacity assessments and evaluations, the following priority areas emerge as not being currently addressed by the existing or planned donor programmes. Addressing these areas would help poverty alleviation by reducing the burden of animal disease and plant pests so increasing small farmer income, generate additional export revenue, and reduce the burden of food-borne disease in the population and on the economy. • Tackle pest problems limiting expansion in the floriculture and horticulture sectors, in particular due to fruit fly, expand small-holder certification schemes into new production areas and product groups, 3 and strengthen the public infrastructure underpinning both sectors, both physical (e.g. through laboratory accreditation to international standards) and soft (i.e. through continued training in such areas as pest risk analysis); • Address disease problems limiting the export of livestock, meat and dairy products through a focused programme of investment and strengthen the performance of Kenya's veterinary services Consideration should be given to different possible methods for the development of greater meat processing capacity, e.g. through disease free zones, compartments or a commodity-based approach; • Maintain SPS compliance capacity in the lake fisheries sector through continued investment and training in the public and private sector. The scope for further development of the sector in coastal fisheries and through aquaculture, and associated SPS risks, should be assessed; • Offer training for trade associations on SPS compliance strategies relevant to their member companies and encourage their efforts to obtain proactive government services in support of their sectoral needs. An important part of market access is related to SPS diplomacy and a close relationship between government and the private sector when it comes to monitoring and reacting to changes in the SPS measures of trading partners. SPS is an area of continual improvement and such capacity needs to be sustained for the long term; • Update existing regulatory and institutional frameworks with the establishment of generic SPS/food laws and umbrella regulations. A particular need is to push for the adoption of the draft "National Food and Nutrition Policy" and proposed "National Food Safety Focal Point" involving all key relevant stakeholders which will promote integration of SPS issues into planning and budgetary frameworks so raising the profile of SPS issues nationally; • Provide food safety training in the tourism sector and examine ways to integrate local suppliers into hotel supply chains, as part of a comprehensive evaluation of food safety needs; 3. Overview of ongoing and planned donor assistance 12. The Kenya Joint Assistance Strategy (KJAS, 2007-2011) and Partnership Principles agreed with the Government of Kenya specify the ways in which donors support efforts to economic growth and poverty reduction. Donors in Kenya are organized in the Harmonization, Alignment and Coordination (HAC) group1. There are also sector and thematic working groups to coordinate support to sectors and subsectors 13. Unlike Tanzania and Uganda, general budget support is limited and currently only provided by the European Union. Specific sector budget support is increasingly being used and efforts could be made for trade and SPS capacity building to figure more prominently in existing basket programmes, focusing for instance on agriculture, private sector development, etc. Finally, it is observed that donor support for specific project and programmes, whether at national, regional, ACP or all developing country level will continue in 2008 and beyond. From the overview of on-going and future planned donor programmes (Annex I) it seems that there are significant opportunities to fund outstanding SPS needs and priorities beyond 2008. 1 As of January 2007, members include Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, the African Development Bank, the European Commission, the United Nations, and the World Bank Group. China and Malaysia are recent entrants in the donor arena and are as yet not participants in the HAC. 4 4. Specific SPS market access constraints Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Horticulture and floriculture products Cut flowers, and fruit and vegetables. Export of horticultural products Specific ongoing and planned Specific SPS-related actions include: are second and third largest export depends on ability to strictly adhere activities identified include: commodity (after tea). Kenya is third to food safety requirements, e.g. - Intensify efforts to build awareness on largest supplier of cut flowers strict maximum residue limits, - Netherlands - six WSSD basic/good practice through regular worldwide (after Columbia and (MRLs) and private (environmental projects support private sector programs, notably for small growers. Ecuador), mainly to Europe. Fruit and labour) standards, as well as on and small-holder farmers and - Prepare export certification manuals and vegetable exports include fresh plant pest situation (in particular fruit include key partners such as and guidelines, further develop vegetables (about 60%, mainly to fly) and the pest surveillance and KFC, FPEAK, KEPHIS, HCDA computerized data management system Europe), preserved fruit and monitoring system. Examples of pest and KARI. and collect information about SPS vegetables, and fresh fruit and nuts. outbreaks (through trade or cross- - GTZ – Private Sector requirements of existing and potential boundary migration) in different Development in Agriculture (US, Japan, etc.) trading partners. Majority of horticultural export regions/ districts of the country) (PSDA) programme (including - Improve pest risk assessment and 1 products sourced from large estate include inter alia larger grain borer, focus on small-holder farmer management (monitoring, control and farms, employing laborers. Sector serpentine leaf minor, cassava group certification). surveillance) capacities (with fruit fly directly supports about half a million bacterial blight, banana nematode, - USAID – SPS activities under being top priority). workers, small farmers and families. aschoyta blight of cowpeas, fruit fly, African Global Competitiveness - Upgrade analytical capacity of etc. Initiative (AGCI) including pest KEPHIS for analysis of contaminants, 1 Success of sector attributed to risk analysis, information mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticide various factors including inter alia High compliance, traceability and management system etc (see residues, etc. competitive supply chain (off-season certification costs - in particular Annex I). - Streamline regulations on agricultural producer), vibrant private sector related to private standards - pose - Various FAO projects and inputs (to reduce cost). (including associations such as KFC challenges, notably for small-holder regional fruit fly project (seeking - Examine possibility of establishing and FPEAK), "light" regulation and farmers. Challenges exist to export to funding). pest free places of production and areas 1 taxation, support by KEPHIS, countries demanding pest risk - STDF – Centre of of low pest prevalence. existence of Task Force, etc. analysis (PRA) (e.g. South Africa, Phytosanitary Excellence for - Expand supply base and reduce costs, Gulf countries, US markets with Eastern Africa (including notably related to certification, for 1 Growth opportunities exist for further large fresh produce export sectors). training and regional PRA unit). small-holders. export of fruit and vegetables (small - EC – 10th EDF (2008-2013), share of EU market and US market Expansion in value added sector with focus on agriculture, trade being almost unexplored) and for depends on strong ties with and standards compliance. 1 value addition (semi-prepared and supermarket chains and direct - EC- HORTICAP ready-to-eat combinations). Cut distributors in Europe. Further (strengthening KEPHIS 2 flower sector faces increasing expansion limited by relatively high infrastructure). competition from other African transport cost, poor infrastructure, countries putting pressure on profit complicated bureaucracy, and high 2 margins. cost of inputs (sprays, fertilizers and security). 5 Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Fish and fishery products Fish sourced from inland and coastal In 2006, EU Food and Veterinary Following the EC bans, support The following actions are fisheries, and aquaculture. Sector Office (FVO) inspection noted good was offered by several donors recommended (in line with FVO and estimated to employ about 300,000 performance of official control including FAO, AfDB, UNIDO, other reports): people directly or indirectly (2004). activities. It also reported following EC and World Bank. Total production (2005) is 140,000 deficiencies: - Strengthen inspection and train staff MT (90% from Lake Victoria). Specific ongoing and planned in performing official controls in line 1 Major commercial fresh water - Lack of equivalent regulations and activities identified include: with the newly established EU species include Nile perch (to EU standards to newly established EU regulations. and other markets e.g. Israel, standards and regulations; - EC - Implementation of - Develop manuals, guidelines and the Singapore, Japan and Australia), - Deficient conditions in some Fisheries Management Plan for necessary SOPs in line with new Fish 1 tilapia (mainly local consumption landing sites and fishing vessels Lake Victoria (ending in 2008 Regulations. and emerging regional market) and - Deficiencies in designated apart from upgrading several - Continue education of fisheries on omena (local consumption/feed). laboratory for pesticide residues; landing sites). fishing and handling techniques 1 Marine products include prawns, - Lack of analysis of histamine and - EC/Indian Ocean Tuna (including use of ice). octopus, tuna, sardines, lobster and heavy metals. Commission - Indian Ocean - Designate competent pesticide crab. Tagging Project (2004-2009). laboratories and strengthen analytical 1 The recently adopted Fish - EC (Strengthening Fishery capacity for histamine and heavy metal. Fisheries sector recovered after EU Regulations (2007) lack standard Product Health Conditions in - Upgrade remaining landing sites. 1 trade restrictions on exports of Nile operating procedures (SOPs), ACP countries (SFP, extended -Attract funds for establishment of perch in 1990s. Processors organized guidelines and manuals for fresh until 2010). auction market with basic facilities for 1 in Association of Fish Processors water, marine and aquaculture - EC/IOC Secretariat – Regional at least four beaches to improve quality Kenya (AFIPEK) and MoU between fisheries. Training to enforce and Sustainable Management of control and marketing; AFIPEK and Fisheries Department in implement new Fish Regulations is Coastal Resources (2005-2010); - Continue assistance to industry place. needed. Government is considering - EC - 10th EDF (2008-2013, associations training member 2 establishment of modern auction with focus on capacity building companies on HACCP/ISO 22000 and Current concerns over sustainability centre in Kisumu - for which funding for fishery organizations on food consolidate associations' code of of sector in Lake Victoria (declining is lacking. safety issues, including SPS). practice. catch, increased wastage at land - Standardize fish drying and smoking beaches, poor fishing methods). Other main issue relates to lack of practices (trade to DRC, Rwanda and 2 Inland fisheries sector going through knowledge of fisheries of modern Burundi). process of rationalization (facilities fishing and handling techniques - Conduct feasibility study to explore operating at low capacity). Relatively (including use of ice). Awareness potential of aquaculture and marine 3 lesser attention has been given to raising and training activities are fisheries - including SPS requirements - development of fisheries in Lake being conducted by Fisheries and develop policy package and Turkana, coastal fisheries and Department and beach officers but guidelines to attract investment. aquaculture. need to be multiplied. - Conduct study to determine capacity and extent of parasite problem in Lake 3 Turkana. 6 Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Livestock and poultry products Kenya has a large cattle herd (13.5m There are opportunities for targeting Kenya has benefited from Kenya's prime SPS constraint is its heads) but meat exports constitute exports that will cater to deficits in support from regional and animal health status followed by less than 1% of total exports (and regional consumption of livestock national projects implemented sanitary concerns. Actions to address have been declining since 1990). products. However, a series of SPS by inter alia the EC (e.g. Pan- disease situation depend greatly on Livestock is used predominantly for constraints have to be overcome: African Program for the Control capability of DVS. Results of OIE PVS supporting subsistence of rural - animal health status and disease of Epizootics), FAO and IFAD. tool (applied in 2006 but not in public households. Annual production management (presence of several domain) should be used to identify (2003) estimated at about 363,000 endemic animal diseases, illustrated Specific ongoing and planned actions to strengthen DVS. Increasing MT (beef) and 16,000 MT (pork). by several trade bans, most recently activities identified include: role of private sector should be due to Rift Valley Fever in 2007).- considered in rural areas and public- Most important destination for meat absence of monitoring system to - USAID/USDA – PASA projects private investment should be promoted. exports is EAC region followed by document diseases and actions to to conduct animal disease risk Some key actions identified in various Eritrea, Bahrain and the UAE. eradicate them. assessments (not yet started). other studies include: Consultations with Middle East - poor hygienic conditions in - EC/AU-IBAR: Support countries and Egypt ongoing. Trade slaughterhouses, handling and Programme to Integrated - strengthening animal health and in live animals takes place mainly on processing facilities (lack of GHP, National Action Plans for disease control monitoring, inspection 1 informal basis, bringing cattle from GMP and HACCP application), and Avian and Human Influenza and surveillance activities; neighboring countries into Kenya lack of inspection and enforcement. (SPINAP-AHI). - training inspectors and veterinary through its "porous" frontiers. - absence of control and low quality - World Bank Group: Promoting personnel. 1 of animal feed. long term investment in - further strengthening efforts of meat Beef production mainly found in arid livestock in Kenya.. industries (striving to export fresh and 2 and semi arid lands (ASALs). Other constraints are related to frozen and canned products to region Shortcomings exist in sanitary transportation (i.e. animals should be and Middle East) through market controls at slaughterhouses and meat slaughtered closer to breeding research, business development and processing plants. Some canneries locations), lack of investment and technical assistance on food safety rehabilitated and reopened in 2006. revamping meat distribution systems (GHP, GMP and HACCP) and meat Kenya Meat Commission has (especially informal channels). technologies. manufacturing facility (but shelved - enhancing animal feed situation. 2 its regulatory function for now). Directorate of Veterinary Services - continuing establishment of disease (DVS) is currently establishing free zones and engagement of 1 Poultry population estimated at about disease free zones, engaging communities through awareness raising 30 million birds. Annual poultry communities through sensitization activities. production estimated at 19,000 MT. and education to actively participate - introducing mobile screening units (2- Five main hatcheries produce over 16 in disease reporting and livestock 3 at major markets) for CBBP (staff 1 million day-old chicks annually. No movement control, and involved in already trained to operate devices). information available on trade in animal disease surveillance - strengthening analytical capacities of wild animals or by- products such as especially at borders. These activities DVS and university laboratories 2 hides and skins. need further support. (including drug residue analysis). 7 Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Dairy products Dairy industry is predominantly Among key constraints are poor Specific & ongoing assistance The following actions are small-holder based in ASALs. hygienic practices in milk handling include: recommended to enhance domestic Annual production is now estimated and poor milk collection, transport milk production and prospects for to be 4 billion liter (of which 3.5 methods, lack of inspection and USAID: Regional Agriculture exports: billion is for local consumption. Past surveillance, outdated legislation - Trade Expansion Support emphasis was mostly on increasing but also more fundamental problems (RATES) including COMESA - continue and enhance awareness- production, but recently efforts are related to livestock management, Dairy SPS protocol. raising, extension and training activities 1 made to improve quality. disease control and treatment and on application of good hygienic animal feed practices (see above). A practices. Vending of raw milk through Code of Hygienic Practice for - strengthen DVS capacity for informal markets accounts for some production, handling and distribution monitoring, surveillance and control of 1 80% of total sales. Poor hygienic of milk and milk products exists but animal diseases. practices in milk collection and cannot support production and - finalize and enact new Dairy Act in handling are reported. Presence of handling processes in unregulated line with dairy development strategy 1 anti-microbial residues is main public markets. and international requirements health concern and poses export (supported by SOPs and guidelines. constraints. There are about 26 dairy In milk processing industry concerns - enhance awareness-raising activities plants, 10 of which have capacities are related to product and market at consumer level (creating pressure on 2 more than 10,000 l/day. development , production efficiency suppliers). and competitiveness, investment and - control of antimicrobials through Industry is comparatively more export promotion (where food safety development of national framework developed than dairy industries of standards are likely to become an program (including augmenting many other countries in sub-Saharan important issue). Studies show that livestock development and 2 Africa. Dairy products are mainly large scale farmers are more management practices in both formal exported to EAC countries and there competitive producers. With and informal livestock supply chains, are limited opportunities to enhance reduction in domestic costs e.g. disease management, inadequacy this trade. Potential markets include (transport, packaging, etc.), Kenya of animal feed, inadequate access to Middle East, North and Sub-Saharan could become globally competitive. animal health services in rural areas, Africa breeding programmes, etc.). - strengthen analytical capacity for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries monitoring of veterinary drugs and 2 Development (MLFD) through aflatoxin level in dairy products. Kenya Dairy Board (KDB) is - further assist industries in responsible for monitoring quality implementation of GMP, GHP and 2 and safety, inspection, establishment HACCP. or milk receiving centers, and awareness-raising and training. 8 Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Traditional commodities Kenya's traditional cash crops Major constraints in coffee export are Various donors have provided The market for traditional commodities (coffee and tea) provide a livelihood mainly non-SPS factors including general agricultural support or is increasingly dominated by private for more than 750,000 and small price decline, competition from Latin support related to upgrading the standards with non-SPS elements e.g. growers and plantation employees. America and Asia, and country quality of specific commodities fair trade, organic, private labels Coffee exports declined over past specific conditions attributed to in the past. including environmental and social two decades from about US$320m policy environment, government aspects.. Besides investigating further 2 (1985) to US$110m (2004), while tea interventions, and inefficiency of Specific ongoing and planned opportunities for organic produce and exports expanded from US$300m to cooperatives. activities include a project branding of coffee and tea, further US$400m during the same period. funded by the Bill and Melinda promotion of basic/good practices Kenya is the second largest tea At present, no specific SPS Gates Foundation to support (handling, drying, etc.) and training to exporter world-wide (after Sri constraints reported but problems small-scale coffee farmers in small-scale producers is recommended. Lanka). related to pesticides (anticipating East Africa. stricter MRLs) and fumigation Continue monitoring MRLs and Coffee Board of Kenya and Kenya practices and mycotoxins resulting myctoxins in tea and coffee in line with 1 Tea Development Agency are from handling and storage practices Codex standards and requirements of responsible for regulatory and could be serious challenges in near target export market countries (EU, marketing functions of coffee and future. Pre-emptive actions are USA, Japan, etc.). tea, respectively. recommended. Strategies to target niche and higher value markets, like specialty and organic products, have grown in importance. 9 Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Tourism Tourism is the main service export, Compared with other countries in In the past, several donor - Strengthen awareness and training an important source of foreign Sub-Saharan Africa, industry has initiatives have supported the programmes for tourism industry on 1 exchange earnings (estimated at grown below average. Main tourism sector. food safety risks, good hygiene US$340m in 2004), and provides constraints are security situation practices, etc. direct employment for some 210,000 (highlighted by recent conflicts - Strengthen surveillance/ monitoring employees, and for a further 280,000 following election in 2007), poor system including inspectorate 2 people employed in support sectors. road infrastructure, deterioration of capacities. tourism infrastructure and services, Tourism's backward linkages are weak institutional and regulatory spread through many sectors framework to promote further including inter alia horticulture investment, and insufficient (fruits and vegetables), livestock marketing and promotion efforts. (meat and dairy products), poultry (meat and eggs) and fisheries (fish SPS-related constraints include lack and seafood). of awareness of food safety risks in tourist industry, training in good Reportedly, a separate World Bank hygiene practices, inadequate study on tourism sector is underway. surveillance/monitoring system, and weak inspectorate capacities. 10 5. Food safety Status Needs Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance Awareness - Limited awareness about impact of - Review draft NFNP by food safety FAO/WHO programmes - Develop national policy statement, food safety on national economy and and quality experts to clearly guide review draft NFNP, integrate food 1 development at all levels, with implementation schemes of food Future donor programmes focus safety into national development plans notable exception of fisheries and safety and food control system, increasingly on private sector and organize symposium for politicians horticulture export industry (no followed by its adoption and and business development - but and senior decision-makers. effective foodborne disease reporting incorporation into national relatively less on public sector - Coordinate and strengthen ongoing system in place). development plans. capacity building. efforts and training programmes on 1 - Limited resources and budget - Increase awareness about the Several donor programmes in GMP and GHP (smaller processors and support for institutions involved in impact of food safety and quality on place including street vendors) and HACCP (larger and food safety and quality control. the economic and social fabric of the schemes/facilities for upgrading medium-sized processor) conducted by - No policy on food safety control nation among top decision-making food safety/quality in small and different institutions and associations. (draft National Food and Nutrition levels. medium enterprises (SMEs) - Create public consumer protection Policy (NFNP) does not refer to - Enhance information, education and through training, loans, partial office and further strengthen consumer 2 enhancement, restructuring or training programmes at all stages and subsidies, etc. (see Annex I). associations. modernization of food control for all stakeholders in food chain, - Determine the appropriate policy system. including farmers, universities, Other relevant existing and mixture for the private and public 1 - Several universities have food research institutes, consumers, etc. planned projects include: provision of laboratory infrastructure. science and technology departments - UNIDO – regional EAC and curricula. project. - Several institutes and associations - EC - Capacity Building on involved in awareness-raising and Maximum Residue Levels training programmes for small- (MRLs) (2006-2010). holders, exporters, producers and - EC - Strengthening Food consumers including HCDA, Safety Systems through FPEAK, AFIPEK, KEPHIS, KDB, sanitary and phytosanitary CIN, EPC. (SPS) measures (ACP, 2008 – Institutional and regulatory framework 2012). - Lack of efficient coordination/ - Develop ToR of recently proposed - EC - Strengthening Fishery - Establish the proposed National Food collaboration among multiple key (rotating) National Food Safety Focal Products Health Conditions in Safety Focal Point to coordinates food 1 food safety and quality control Point and make reference to roles and ACP countries (SFP, extended safety and quality control issues; institutions..2 mandates of participating institutions until 2010); - Preparation of new umbrella food act 11 Status Needs Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance - Legislation related to food control related to food safety and quality. - USAID/USDA –PASA projects (institutionalizing coordination 1 system - including implementing - Legislation needs revision starting focusing on food safety (2006- mechanism) - followed by sectoral regulations - outdated and in need of with umbrella basic food act - 2011, see Annex I. legislation and implementing revision. Exception are the Fisheries followed by range of sectoral regulations. (Safety of Fish, Fishery Products and legislation and regulations on meat, - Raise budgetary and technical Fish Feed) Regulations (2007), dairy products, feed, etc. Reportedly, support; to implement and enforce 1 which have been recognized as Ministry of Livsetock and Fisheries legislation. equivalent to EU regulations by FVO Development (MLFD) has started - Study need for specific aquaculture 2 in 2006.3 process of reviewing sectoral regulations. legislation. Enforcement - Food inspection is responsibility of - Establish systematic records of - Establish systematic records of MoH (Public Heath Department), incidence of food-borne diseases incidence of food-borne diseases 1 employing about 8,000 inspectors. - Provide training and tools to food - Provide training and tools to food Inspection also by local government inspectors. inspectors. 1 authorities and by various sectoral - Enforce registration of and provide - Enforce registration of and provide institutions and boards. Fisheries training to street vendors (largely training to street vendors. 2 Department does not oversee local unregulated and informal sector). - Prepare national food control fish and seafood handling (similar in - Further extend HACCP approach in laboratory plan and build further 1 Tanzania and Uganda). Both MoH export oriented fish and vegetable laboratory capacity (including field test and DVS inspect abattoirs and processing sectors to other sectors, kits, etc.). A key part of this plan needs slaughterhouses. e.g. dairy, meat and poultry. to be consideration of the international - Limited monitoring of pesticide and - Improve diagnostic capacity acceptance of results produced from 1 veterinary drug residues, notably in starting with preparation of national Kenyan laboratories. A mixture of local markets. FPEAK monitors food control laboratory plan followed bilateral and multilateral pressure may pesticide residues and microbial by targeted capacity building efforts; be necessary for this purpose. contaminants of export products. Speed up accreditation process and - Design monitoring programmes for - Most laboratories have limited promote private food laboratories veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins 2 Including inter alia Ministry of Health, District and Municipal Councils, Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Fisheries Department, Kenya Dairy Board (KDB), Veterinary Service Department, Livestock Production Department, KEPHIS, Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA), Pest Control Products Board, Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Ministry of Water, etc. 3 Including inter alia Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Chapter 254 (1965); Public Health Act, Chap 242; Pharmacy and Poisons Act, Chap 244; Meat Control Act, Chap 356; Dairy Industry Act, Cap 336; Agriculture Produce (Export) Act, Chap 319; Fertilizer and Animal Feeds Act, Chap 345; Fish Industry Act, Cap 378; Fish quality assurance regulations adopted from EU directive 91/493; Fisheries (Safety of Fish, Fishery Products and Fish Feed) Regulations (2007). 12 Status Needs Ongoing and planned Recommended actions/gaps Priority assistance ability to undertake microbiological/ - Design monitoring programmes for and heavy metals (equally important chemical analyses.4 Overall diagnostic veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins for export commodities and domestic capacity is weak. and heavy metals including creation consumption). and management of database (for future risk assessment). 4 KEPHIS laboratories have capacity for pesticide residues (accredited), microbial contaminants and heavy metals (equipped with obsolete equipments); etc. KEBS Chemistry & Microbiology laboratories also accredited. 13 6. Animal health Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps, Priority Awareness - Growing awareness is observed - Further increase awareness of The following existing and planned - Increase awareness and training (at least at technical level) of crucial importance of animal projects are relevant in the animal activities at political level, at current animal disease status health status for Kenya's health sector: producer, association, & technical 1 restricting access to international livestock and meat export levels for all animal products markets; policy of establishing potential. - FAO – strengthening disease including livestock (meat & dairy disease free zones is envisaged. information networks and diagnostic products), poultry products, etc. - Low awareness of good animal - Increase general awareness- capacity, and improving disease husbandry and animal health raising and training activities surveillance management system - Enhance the public-private sector issues among herders, in among herders and in (funded by Norway and UN Fund investment programme and policy slaughterhouses negatively slaughterhouses. 2008-2010). package for meat export through 2 affecting exports of meat & meat - EC: Participation of African Nations creation of disease free zones and products. in Sanitary and Phytosanitary competent abattoirs considering all Standard setting Organizations (PAN- technical and commercial SPSO). constraints. Institutional and regulatory framework - EC/AU-IBAR: Support Programme to Department of Veterinary Services Strengthen the capacity of DVS: Integrated National Action Plans for DVS has inadequate capacity to (DVS) overseas animal health Avian and Human Influenza provide institutional & regulatory services in the country including - to implement sanitary aspects of (SPINAP-AHI). support related to sanitary services, animal disease control; formulation animal diseases; - World Bank Group: Promoting long and the existing animal health of standards; inspection, licensing - to provide veterinary services to term investment in livestock in Kenya regulations are outmoded (UNIDO, and issuing of animal health small farmers (especially in the - USAID/USDA – PASA project on WB). certificates, conducting ASAL areas); animal health issues (not yet started, - Strengthen the capacity of DVS in surveillance of animal health, - Assistance in the drafting of see Annex I). terms of competent staff, 3 vaccinations, vaccine production implementing regulations and infrastructures & facilities. and distribution and importation of revising/drafting of animal - Update the Animal Disease Act & suitable vaccines, quarantine and health, animal movement, establish related animal health 2 disease free zones based on Animal veterinary act, veterinary drug regulations in line with OIE Health Act Chap 364, Meat act, aquaculture/aquatic animal requirements & streamlined with Control Act Chap 356, Dairy Act health act, etc. the generic food law & other Chap 336, Crop Production & pectoral laws to be established. 1 Livestock Ordinance Act Chap 321 - Streamline the mandate & in addition to its involvement in responsibilities of DVS to focus on animal products (dairy, meat, & animal health and diseases control poultry products,) and animal feed safety and quality control; DVS is the chair of the National 1 Codex Committee and also a focal point for OIE. 14 Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps, Priority Enforcement DVS endorses the adoption of OIE - Enhance effective surveillance Weak animal health infrastructure, measures on disease free areas, and for animal diseases and inspection, monitoring and the use of risk analysis as a basis strengthening laboratory surveillance, diagnostic service, risk for addressing foodborne diseases. diagnostic capacity. analysis capacities & inadequate A few of these have been - Strengthen the inspection & competent staff. implemented in Kenya in monitoring mechanism for conjunction with other NGO and control of animal trade and Strengthen the inspection & international organizations. movement (including wildlife). monitoring and surveillance through - Develop a programme provision of regular training DVS has also some capabilities for (including manuals and programme and inspection tools & 2 testing disease status/animal health procedures) for disease facilities, communication & reporting of imports and exports of animals eradication and system, incentive packages, etc. for and animal products, using its labs establishment/maintenance of animal health inspectors. in Nairobi and Kabete. There are disease free zones. also five regional labs used for - Establish "Emergency Fund" for Prioritize & mobilize resource to diagnostic tests by farmers disease eradication. establish disease free zones or 3 - Increase the number of compartments. The Veterinary Services veterinarians at central and local Department has inadequate levels performing animal health Strengthen the diagnostic capacity to capacity for vaccination of and inspection services and train perform risk assessment for selected notifiable diseases such as foot- additional veterinary personnel OIE list A and related diseases which 2 and-mouth disease to ensure the at village level; Develop and have public health & trade impacts; country is declared animal disease improve inspection include CBBP and FMD prioritized free by the OIE. In addition, there manuals/guidelines. in surveillance programmes and is neither a developed monitoring - Strengthen the capacity of DVS international collaboration. system to document diseases and for animal diseases control, actions taken to eradicate them nor monitoring & surveillance established traceability system. including the vaccination capacities. DVS also maintains official - Improve capacity to perform presence at some entry points, and risk assessment. a country network of veterinarians - Strengthen the risk analysis who help in advising farmers on capacity to determine the status disease control and disease of disease free zones in the surveillance. DVS has about 1000 country which is still limited. inspectors (FAO) 15 7. Plant health Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priority Awareness The "success story" of Kenya's - Intensify efforts to build - EC – 10th EDF (2008-2013, with one The major outstanding need include fresh produce industry and its political, farmer and private focus on capacity building for (WB) private-public partnership is a sector awareness of plant companies and farmers on food safety - Intensification of efforts to build model that many other health matters, GAP, and safe issues, including SPS) farmers' awareness of plant dev§eloping countries would like use of pesticides through - Netherlands (WSSD) – supporting the protection and plant health matters 1 to emulate, which illustrates how regular awareness programs private sector, small holders for the through regular awareness adopting food safety and and training courses. development of horticulture and programs, especially for small agricultural health standards can - Increase stakeholder working with main partners KFC, growers. serve as a catalyst for trade and consultation and participation FPEAK, KEPHIS, HCDA, & KARI - Institutionalization and preparation competitiveness (WB). (including private sector). through six different projects (Annex of manuals and guidelines for all 1). aspects of export certification, 1 This success story creates good - FAO - supporting establishment of development of computerized data awareness among farmers/private phytosanitary control and surveillance management system and sector, political, national and to system (possibly also including information about the requirements some extent regional levels which revision of legislation) (supported by stated by main trading partners. as well contributes to the Norway and UN fund) and addressing - Enhancing & coordinating the establishment & recognition of fruit fly infestation (regional ongoing training programmes by 1 Kenya Gap. programme seeking funding). different institutions (KEPHIS, - USDA/USDA – PASA projects HCDA, FPEAK, etc.) Institutional and regulatory framework including creation of phytosanitary KEPHIS responsible to provide - Review of existing institutions information system and addressing - Streamlining regulations on dependable, effective and for plant protection fruit fly infestation. agricultural inputs & seed and competitive regulatory service for management and pesticides - FAO: Management of Bactrocera pesticide certification processes to ensuring quality of agricultural control (including designation invadens and other target pests that regulate price & informal markets 1 inputs and produce based on Plant of NPPO and cost recovery constrain production and export of & reduce bureaucratic purchasing Protection Act Chap 324; Seeds system) fruits and vegetables in East Africa. procedures. and Plant Varieties Act, Chap - Development of new plant - Also at regional level, STDF is - Updating the existing plant health 326;. The service related to plant protection legislation financing a project creating an Eastern related regulation in line with SPS health include: (including implementing Africa Centre of Phytosanitary & IPPC requirements and - plant quarantine services for safe regulations) and improve Excellence including a pest risk streamlining to avoid possible 1 movement of plant materials; arrangements for pesticide analysis (PRA) unit (implemented by duplication, to enhance enforcement - grading and inspection of registration. CABI, KEPHIS and University of mechanisms & optimally utilize the products for export and issuance Nairobi and involving NPPOs of available resources. of phytosanitary certificate; neighbouring countries). - inspection of imported plant materials and checking of phytosanitary certificates issued 16 Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priority by country of origin; - plant clinics, etc. In addition to KEPHIS, PCDB & HCDA are also mandated to inspection and certification of agricultural inputs, import & export of fresh produces based on Pest Control Products; & Agricultural Produce (Export) Act Enforcement KEPHIS is a semi-autonomous Strengthen pest surveillance & - Strengthen the on-going effort for institution which regulates the eradication programmes (FAO- development of a pest surveillance quality of agricultural inputs supported regional program). & pest risk analysis system, (including pesticides) & plant Pest outbreaks, either related to including a regular reporting health protection for compliance trade or the cross-boundary mechanism, proper documented 2 with the SPS Agreement5 migration of pests have been procedures, a surveillance database serious challenges which include system, etc. in line with KEPHIS has a growing number of larger grain borer, serpentine international standard. competent staff including over 60 leaf; cassava bacterial blight; scientists, 100 technical officers & banana nematode; aschoyta - Enhancing the certification schemes 2 150 support staff, and an annual blight of cowpeas; fruit fly etc. & the technical competence of budget of around US$ 2 million. KEPHIS and HCDA inspectors. 2 HCDA has also inspectors to - Promote & strengthen the analytical register & inspect fruit tree services provided by KEPHIS. nurseries & regulate the industries through licensing & application KEPHIS has diagnostic capacity for providing seed analysis & certification; fertilizer analysis, soil testing; water testing; chemical contamination; pesticides to verify conformity with labels; testing for maximum pesticide residue levels. 5 activities include issuance of health certificates for import/export of plant materials & foods of plant origin; certify plant material so far from breeders (about 750) & seeds certification (55 registered companies), & conducting research, training & information activities on phytosanitary issues. 17 8. Institutional SPS capacity Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priority Institutional clarity - Establishment of coordination Capacity building needs assessment of Support the ongoing effort for Food safety and agricultural mechanism. FAO and the World Bank reported establishment of the National Food 1 health system comprises multiple - Strategic and detailed review indicated the need for establishment of Safety Focal Point. institutions. Little progress has towards rationalization of the national food safety coordination been made in removing institutions and functions. system and the establishment of the overlapping mandates between the - More integration of SPS issues proposed National Food Safety Focal various SPS enforcement in planning and expenditure Point as a strategic intervention project. agencies. frameworks. Private sector - More support for private Several donors (notably, DFID, Assistance to trade associations to - Relatively better awareness and sector/farmer basic awareness Netherlands, Sweden and World Bank) advocate the importance of SPS implementation practices of and training programmes in increasingly promote private sector and compliance and provide training to 1 EurepGAP/Global GAP & food safety, animal and plant business development (often through their members. recently Kenya GAP more than health. basket funds, including food safety and 600 producers certified for - Additional support to quality). EurpeGAP in the export strengthen capacity of trade horticulture. Similarly better and industry associations. awareness and implementation - Strengthen dialogue through practices of GHP, GMP, creation of mechanism such as HACCP in the fisheries export National SPS and TBT sector. However, limited basic Committee. awareness of GAP, GHP, GMP, - Improve financial and HACCP and pest and disease regulatory investment control measures among private framework . sector/farmers and most producers for local production. - Strong producers association like FPEAK & AFIPEK supportive in promoting SPS improvements. Need to strengthen other associations. - Inadequate financial and regulatory framework for private investment in meat and dairy processing facilities. Research capacity - Gradual upgrading and Several donors have provided Upgrade laboratory and surveillance 2 - Relatively better progress has accreditation of other assistance including GTZ, EU, and system. been made in upgrading SPS laboratories and development UNIDO. UNIDO is currently finalizing laboratory capacity with of SPS laboratory plan a regional (EAC) project which will 18 Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priority accreditation of a number of (including needs assessments in focus inter alia on laboratory aspects. accredited laboratories but the terms of equipment, overall diagnostic capacity need considering remote areas, and to be strengthened including the considering promotion of research laboratories in different private laboratories). universities - Centralization of laboratory services denies access to remotely located/rural population (need for test kits, etc.). International participation Additional support to enhance - WTO regular training programme Establish national coordination - SPS National Enquiry Point and capacity to attend and play more - Codex, OIE and IPPC Trust Funds mechanism. 1 Codex, OIE, IPPC Focal Points active role in meetings of SPS - EC- (PAN-SPSO project) in place. Committee, Codex, OIE and - SAID/USDA – PASA project IPPC. focusing on participation in international standard setting. 19 ANNEX I Ongoing and planned SPS related technical assistance in Kenya Donor name Project title Short Description Budget Duration (US$6) National EC 10th European Development Country Strategy Paper and National Indicative Allocation to 2008-2013 Fund (EDF) Programme (2008-2013) signed (9 December 2007); One SPS issues not focal sector will be agriculture and rural development known (€98.8m or 26% of total). Implementation of the SRA will be central including reviewing the legal framework, promote market and product development, improve extension, advisory, support and other services, etc. In addition, €16.8m or 4,4% of total) will be directed to trade and private sector development and channeled through the Kenya Private Sector Development Strategy (January 2007). GTZ Promotion of Private Sector The objective is to small and medium-scale enterprises in Allocation to 2003-2015 Development in Agriculture – selected value chains in agriculture to use their market SPS issues not (PSDA) chances under an optimal farm economic and known environmentally friendly production method as well as improved framework conditions. Programme includes component on promoting and achieving GlobalGap certification as an individual (option 1) or as a member of a farmer group (option 2). Netherlands WSSD Partnership on Market Six projects are being implemented Total budget 2006-2008 Acces - Research and development on diversification of not known products and markets, and post harvest control in the floriculture sector (€218,728) - Capacity Building for Effective Phytosanitary Checks and Systems to Enhance Market Access of Kenya's Horticultural Produce (CABHORT) (€300,000) - Development of appropriate processing technology for horticulture export by smallholder farmers (€205,850) - Partnership for Market Access for Horticultural Produce (€76,975) - Encouraging smallholder involvement in export floriculture - Capacity Building and Training Requirements of the Horticulture and Floriculture Sectors of Kenya USAID / Kenya Horticultural The Kenya Horticultural Development Program aims to Allocation to FINTRAC Development Program increase incomes in the horticulture sector through crop SPS issues not diversification, technological improvements, and new known market linkages. Meeting increasingly stringent export requirements (GlobalGap) is an important element of the program. Managed by FINTRAC. FAO Other trust funds Various activities to control and prevent avian influenza Allocations 2006-2009 and rift valley fever at national and regional level – not known including development of national preparedness and response plan FAO TCP/RAF/3102 Support to aquaculture sub-sector in the riparian Allocation to 2006-2008 countries around Lake Victoria. Total funding countries and US$359,999. SPS issues not known 6 Unless otherwise indicated 20 Donor name Project title Short Description Budget Duration (US$6) FAO TCP/RAF/3113 Emergency assistance to control Peste de Petits Allocation to 2007-2009 Ruminants in the Turkana/Karamoja region. Total countries and funding US$393,000 SPS issues not known World Bank Promoting long term Under Phase II of the Arid Lands Resource Management Allocation to Group investment in livestock in Project, strategic investments will be undertaken in the SPS issues not Kenya establishment of disease-free zones to facilitate export known and movement of animals, etc. Regional EAC/COMESA EC Lake Victoria Fisheries The purpose of developing a Fisheries Management Plan Allocation to 2003-2008 Management Plan (LVFMP) is to sustain the livelihoods of the communities who SPS issues and (extended project depend on fishery resources of Lake Victoria and to country for landing reduce poverty, food insecurity and unemployment. allocation not site Includes component on fish handling and storage and known upgrading) upgrading of landing sites. Total budget US$36m. FAO Management of Bactrocera The project aims to develop and implement in 7,500,000 2008-2012 invadens and other target collaboration with international and national partners (seeking pests that constrain production effective approaches to reduction of fruit and vegetable funding) and export of fruits and losses due to fruit fly and MSW infestation. Target vegetables in East Africa countries: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. UNIDO/ Trade capacity building in Project aims to enhance the capacity of enterprises to 5,300,000 2006-2010 Norad agro-industry products for the produce according to international market requirements. establishment and proof of Project being reformulated to incorporate participation of compliance with international Rwanda and Burundi. Total budget €3,341,060 market requirements Bill and Support to Small-Scale Coffee Programme will work with approximately 180,000 coffee Allocation to 2008-2011 Melinda Gates Farmers in East Africa farmers earning less than US$2 a day with goal of SPS issues not Foundation improving income through improvement in quality. known Implemented by TechnoServe. Regional budget US$47m. Country budget not known. STDF Centre of Phytosanitary The objective of the project is to develop a model 800,000 2008-2010 Excellence – Eastern Africa regional training centre on phytosanitary issues – including creation of a regional pest risk analysis (PRA) unit. Project implemented by CABI, KEPHIS. Dutch Plant Protection Service, and University of Nairobi (PMU to include regional stakeholders) Germany/ Establishment of a Regional The focus of the project is on regional standards Allocation to 2007-2010 PTB Quality Infrastructure in the harmonization (mainly ISO and TBT-related) including SPS issues not East African Community (2nd inter alia mutual recognition of conformity assessment known phase) procedures and setup of accreditation capacities, strengthening the SQMT coordination function of the EAC Secretariat and revision of the SQMT protocol regarding compatibility with the SQMT Act. Germany, EAC Partnership Fund Budget for 2007/2008 amounting to US$3.5m. Canada Allocation to 2007-2010 Finland, and DFID expected to join in 2008 taking funds up to SPS issues not Norway, US$5m. Reportedly, SPS capacity building could be one known Sweden and focus of future activities to be funded if identified as Denmark priority by EAC Secretariat. Proposals for funding to be made by late April 2008. AfDB/ Agricultural Marketing SPS activities in COMESA region carried out under ? 2005-? COMESA Promotion and Regional AMPRIP with focus on capacity building, establishment Integration Project (AMPRIP) of regional reference laboratories, institution of SPS legal framework and establishment of regional technical sub- committee on SPS measures. Reference labs agreed for 21 Donor name Project title Short Description Budget Duration (US$6) food safety (Food Technology laboratory, Mauritius), animal health (Veterinary laboratory, Zambia) and plant health (KEPHIS, Kenya). Assessment to identify satellite labs ongoing. Harmonized SPS legal framework (protocol) presented in March 2008 at Ministers of Agriculture meeting and to be adopted in May 2008 by COMESA Council of Ministers. Framework includes reference to COMESA Green Pass (CGP) and contains arrangements for regional reference labs as well as administrative arrangements on overseeing implementation of SPS programmes in region. COMESA Technical sub-committee on SPS measures held first meeting in February 2008. USAID/ Support to key SPS policy The objective is to build capacity of African countries to 11,500,00 2006-2011 USDA objectives under the African export plant, horticultural, and animal products allocated to Global Competitiveness internationally (including US). Budget amounts to SPS issues Initiative (AGCI) US$11.5m over 5 years. Assistance is primarily Country implemented through USAID's regional trade hubs – allocations not including Gaborone (Botswana) and Nairobi (Kenya) known (including regional SPS advisors). Projects for East Africa include: - develop regional phytosanitary information system - develop appropriate phytosanitary mitigation options for trade - conduct pest risk analyses - facilitate COMESA's activities to build SPS infrastructure - identify and manage SPS problems in East Africa (including fruit fly) - strengthen participation in international standard setting - conduct animal disease risk assessments and identify mitigation measures - - identify products with high export potential for which food safety compliance is main barrier USAID Regional Agriculture Trade Objective is to increase the value and volume of Allocation to Extension Expansion Support (RATES) agricultural trade within the East and Southern Africa SPS issues and until 2008 region and between the region and the rest of the world. country Total budget US$26m. Among the deliverables are: allocations not - regional dairy and maize standards adopted by key known countries involved in 80 percent of the regional trade - COMESA Dairy SPS protocol adopted by the COMESA Council of Ministers meeting in April 2008 and adopted by at least five dairy producing countries by September 2008 EC Regional Integration Support This programme aims to develop the capacity of regional Allocation to 2005-2012 Programme (RISP) trade organisations and their member states in issues SPS issues not relating to regional integration and trade policy. It known includes a component of capacity building to develop standards and meet international SPS requirements. Includes rider for COMESA. Total budget €30m. Regional ACP EC Programme Initiatives Project objectives are 1) to enable ACP companies to Allocation to Extension Pesticides (PIP-COLEACP) comply with European food safety and traceability SPS issues and until 2008 requirements and 2) to consolidate the position of small country scale producers in the ACP horticultural exporters sector. allocations not 22 Donor name Project title Short Description Budget Duration (US$6) Includes in-depth study of the impact of for ACP known countries of the new European SPS regulations on official feed and food controls. Total budget €29.1m. A second phase of PIP is being considered. EC Strengthening Fishery Focus areas are competent authorities, test laboratories, East Africa Extension Products Health Conditions in the fish industry and small-scale fisheries. AIDCO is allocation until 2010 ACP countries currently preparing tenders for full implementation 10,000,000Ind during extension period. Four teams are expected to be in ividual place by April 2008; Total value €46m. country allocations not known EC Trade.com Support for EPA negotiations and integration of ACP Allocation to 2004-2009 states in world economy. One component focuses on SPS issues and implementation of WTO Agreements and preparation of country pilot projects with special attention to SPS and TBT allocations not issues. Total budget €50m. known EC Participation of African More effective participation of African countries in the Country 2008-2010 Nations in Sanitary and activities of OIE, IPPC and Codex Alimentarius allocations not Phytosanitary Standard setting Commission during formulation of international known Organizations (PAN-SPSO) standards on food safety, animal, and plant health. Project implemented by AU-IBAR and AU-IAPSC. Total project budget €3.85m. Project to start in November 2008. EC/FAO, ITC, Support Programme on Strengthen capacities to develop and implement Allocations to 2008-2011 UNCTAD, Agricultural Commodities sustainable commodity strategies that improve farmers' SPS issues and World Bank (including cotton) productivity and their rural livelihoods and reduce country income vulnerability (including inter alia elaborating allocations not strategies covering critical parts of the commodities known chain; supporting diversification; helping integrate commodities dependent countries in the international trading system). Still under negotiation. Total estimated budget US$54m. EC Strengthening Food Safety The objective of the programme is to improve the 45,000,000 2008-2012 Systems through sanitary and contribution of food and feed trade to poverty reduction (estimated phytosanitary (SPS) measures in beneficiary countries. The aim is to establish risk- budget). based food and feed safety systems for export products Country ACP countries that are in line with regional, international allocations not and EU SPS standards. Tendering process on-going. known EC/AU-IBAR Support Programme to The project aims to contribute to the socio-economic Allocations to 2007-2010 Integrated National Action impact of AHI and the potential loss of human lives and SPS issues and Plans for Avian and Human to strengthen national capacities to prevent and control country Influenza (SPINAP-AHI) AHI. Expected outcomes include strengthened capacity allocations not for early detection and rapid response to AHI at national known levels, information and awareness raising activities. Total budget amounts to €22.5m. EC/AU-IBAR Somali Ecosystem Rinderpest The purpose of the project is to ensure OIE accreditation €4.35m 2007-2009 Eradication Coordination Unit of freedom from Rinderpest. Includes Nort Eastern (SERECU) Kenya (being part of Somali ecosystem). Total budget amounts to €4.35m. EC Pesticides Initiative This program has two overriding objectives (1) to enable 37,856,000 2001-2008 Programme (PIP– companies to comply with European food safety and COLEACP). traceability requirements, and (2) to consolidate the position of small-scale producers in the ACP horticultural export sector. 23 Donor name Project title Short Description Budget Duration (US$6) EC DG Aidco Strengthening Food Safety Assists ACP countries in improving their food safety 38,400,000 15/12/2006 Systems through SPS systems to be compliant with SPS requirements. The 31/12/2012 Measures in ACP countries overall objective is to improve the contribution of food and feed trade to poverty reduction in beneficiary countries. Project implemented by the African Union. Regional Africa wide SIDA Trade Policy Training Centre TRAPCA is attached to the Eastern and Southern Africa Allocation to 2006-2010 in Africa (TRAPCA) Management Institute (ESAMI) in Arusha and will SPS issues not provide training through an Executive Masters known Programme in Trade Policy and shorter courses, seminars, and workshops (including training on SPS). Total budget amounts to US$14m. 24 ANNEX II References Abegaz, M. (2007). Trade Capacity Building in Agro-Industry Products for the establishment and Proof of Compliance with International Market Requirements. UNIDO, Vienna. Brattinga, P. (2007). Overview of SPS related assistance for Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (2001-2006). Report presented on 30 September 2007 at Aid for Trade workshop Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Commission (2006). Final report of a mission carried out in Kenya from 21 -31 March 2006 in order to assess the public health controls and the conditions of production of fishery products. Food and Veterinary Office, Dublin. FAO/WHO (2005). National Food Safety Situation in Kenya. FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety for Africa. FAO, Rome. FAO/WHO (2005). Kenya Food Safety Situation. FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety for Africa. FAO, Rome. FAO/WHO (2005). Prioritization and Coordination of Capacity Building Activities in Kenya. FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety for Africa. FAO, Rome. Henson, S. (2007). Review of Case Studies and Evaluations of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Capacity: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Report presented on 30 September 2007 at Aid for Trade workshop Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Molins, R. and Gitonga, N. (2006). Assessment of capacity Building Needs of the Food Control System. Republic of Kenya. FAO, Rome. USAID (2008). East Africa Value Chain Assessment. Desk Study, Final Edition. USAID East Africa Regional Mission, Nairobi. World Bank (2005): The role of Standards under Kenya's Export Strategy. World Bank, Washington DC World Bank (2007). Kenya: Unleashing the Potential for Trade and Growth. Report No. 37688-KE. Country Department for Kenya, Africa Region. WTO (2002). Technical Assistance: Response to the Questionnaire. Submission by Kenya. G/SPS/GEN/295/Add.21. WTO, Geneva. WTO (2006) Trade Policy Review: Kenya. World Trade Organization, Geneva. WTO (2006) Implementation of the SPS Agreement: Communication from Kenya. G/SPS/GEN/660. WTO, Geneva. 25 ANNEX III Notes to the balance sheet: The tables presents for each area of food safety, animal and plant health (sections 5-7) the current status and needs of SPS capacities (in general terms), assistance provided by donors and identified gaps with priorities. For each area, there are three sub-components: awareness, regulation and enforcement. In addition to the three areas, there are separate parts for market access (section 4) and overall institutional capacity (section 8). The columns are explained below. The top of the table (section 1-3) is an introduction and summary of the gaps identified - including those gaps that are of most and immediate concern – and a brief note on trends in donor assistance. Columns Notes Status The capacities are based on existing capacity assessments and evaluations and other available studies (see references in Annex II) and updated in interviews with stakeholders in government, private sector, donor and international agencies (see list of contacts in Annex IV). Needs Obtained from the same sources. Assistance Donor activities are taken from the projects identified in the research work prepared for the Dar es Salaam Aid for Trade workshop (see references, Annex II) and updated in interviews with donor agencies. A full list of the main planned SPS projects and programmes is included in Annex I. Gaps These are needs that have not been addressed by present or forthcoming donor work. The gaps have been discussed and verified in interviews and meetings. Priorities Priority scales used: 1 – high and immediate priority; 2 – medium-term priority; and 3 – low and long-term priority Principles used for prioritization: • Impact • Costs and benefits • Sequencing • Rule of law: major investment in diagnostics and inspection has to be preceded by legal framework and risk management 26 ANNEX IV List of persons met/contacted in Kenya (31 March – 4 April 2008) Name Function Telephone E-mail Mr Elijah Manyara Senior Assistant Director, Department of +254 20 315001 firstname.lastname@example.com External Trade, Ministry of Trade and +254 20 251830 Industry (MTI) Mr Bramah Kaleve Trade Officer, Department of External +254 726 524004 firstname.lastname@example.com Trade (MTI) Mr Bernard Ayugu Director of Fisheries, Fisheries +254 20 3742320 email@example.com Department, Ministry of Livestock and +254 724 560164 firstname.lastname@example.com Fisheries Development (MLFD) Mr Mathias Wafula Deputy Director of Fisheries, Fisheries +254 20 3742320 email@example.com Department (MLFD) +254 733 715619 email@example.com Mr Okumu Assistant Director of Fisheries, Fisheries +254 733 252032 firstname.lastname@example.com Makogola Department (MLFD) Ms Lucy Obungu Chief Fisheries Officer, Fisheries +254 20 3742320 firstname.lastname@example.com Department, (MLFD) +254 722 385671 firstname.lastname@example.com Dr Simon Kimani Chief Veterinary Field Officer, +254 20 2700705 firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Veterinary Services +254 722 230347 email@example.com (MLFD) Dr Stanley Head Laboratory, Department of +254 722 895968 firstname.lastname@example.com Mbwiria Veterinary Services (MLFD) Dr J. Jalangio Head Food Safety, Department of +254 722 380360 firstname.lastname@example.com Veterinary Services (MLFD) Dr D.K. Kamgu Head Disease Control, Department of +254 722 645996 email@example.com Veterinary Services (MLFD) Mr Washington Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service +254 20 3536171/2 email@example.com Otieno (KEPHIS) +254 722516221/ 733874274/ 722 427097 Ms Rachel Ntoyai Senior Plant Inspector (KEPHIS) +254 20 3536171 email@example.com +254 733 874274 Mr John Karinki Deputy Chief Public Health, Ministry of +254 722495458 firstname.lastname@example.com Health Mr Vincent Managing Commissioner, Kenya Meat +254 45 26041 email@example.com Ngurare Commission (KMC) firstname.lastname@example.com Mr Machira Managing Director, Kenya Dairy Board +254 20 310559 firstname.lastname@example.com Gichohi (KDB) +254 722573432 Mr Titus Ruhiu Chief Executive, Kenya National +254 20 2220867 email@example.com Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KNCCI) Mr Agayo Ogambi Manager, Kenya Trade Point Nairobi +254 20 2220867 email@example.com (KNCCI) email@example.com Mr Peter Opiyo Chief Pesticide Analyst, Pest Control +254 20 4441804 firstname.lastname@example.com Products Board (PCPB) Mr M. 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Waithala General Manager, Small and Medium +254 20 2228534 email@example.com Enterprise Development (EPC) Mr Charles Tumbo Assistant Manager, Supply Chain +254 20 2228534 Development, Export Promotion Council (EPC) Mr George Odido Manager (EPC) +254 20 2228534 firstname.lastname@example.com Mr Stephen Mbithi Chief Executive, Fresh Produce +254 20 4451488 email@example.com Exporters Association Kenya (FPEAK) +254 722 716956 Mr Cosmas Technical Manager (FPEAK) +254 20 4451488 email@example.com Kyengo Ms Beth Wagude Executive Officer, Association of Fish +254 20 4440858 email@example.com Processors Kenya (AFIPEK) +254 722 687971 email@example.com Mr Dick Bruinsma Counsellor for Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda +254 20 4450137 firstname.lastname@example.com & UNEP, Embassy of the Netherlands Mr Lloyd Garcia Regional SPS Advisor, USAID East +254 20 8622322 email@example.com Africa +254 728 608442 firstname.lastname@example.com Dr Eberhard Krain Deputy Programme Manager (GTZ) +254 728 156948 firstname.lastname@example.com Ms Margaret Orina Programme Manager (GTZ) +254 722 821968 firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Ms Margaret Will Consultant (GTZ) +254 20 340520 firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Dr Castro P. FAO Representative in Kenya +254 20 2725069/ firstname.lastname@example.com Camarada 2725359 Dr Medhat El- Economist, African Union Inter-African +254 20 3674203 email@example.com Helepi Bureau for Animal Resources, AU-IBAR +254 736161034 Mr Peter Sturesson Counselor, Rural Development, +254 20 2713020/1 firstname.lastname@example.com European Union (EU) Ms Riika Torppa Economist, Political and Trade Section +254 20 2713020/1 firstname.lastname@example.com (EU) Dr Maria Pia Agricultural Economist (EU) +254 20 2713020/1 firstname.lastname@example.com Palleschi Mr David Mwangi Rural Development Officer (EU) +254 20 2802000 firstname.lastname@example.com Njuru +254 733761206 Ms Annika Nordin Counsellor, Head of Development +254 204234000 annika.jayawardena@foreignminis Jayawardena Cooperation Kenya Swedish Embassy +254 734746824 try.se (SIDA) Mr Japhet Kiara Programme Officer, Rural Development +254 20 4234047 email@example.com (SIDA) +254 733758617 Mr Hans Hendrik Counsellor Development, Danish +254 20 4451460 email@example.com Madsen Embassy +254 722515317 Dr Sarah Simmons Global Director, Invasive Species, +254 20 7224450 firstname.lastname@example.com (CABI) Ms Florence Chege Project manager (CABI) +254 20 7224450 firstname.lastname@example.com 28
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Kenner Police Department takes on Jaren Lockhart investigation
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Kenner Police Department takes on Jaren Lockhart investigation
Today in History for July 4th
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Kenner Police Department takes on Jaren Lockhart investigation
The Kenner Police Department announced Tuesday that it will assume the investigation into the death of Jaren Lockhart.
1:39Now watching Up next
Today in History for July 4th
Highlights of this day in history: America's Declaration of Independence; Former Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson die on same day; Israel's raid at Entebbe; West Point opens; Lou Gehrig's farewell to baseball; Neil Simon born. (July 4)
2:24Now watching Up next
Major US Cities Ramp Up Security for July 4th
Authorities are worried about attacks fueled by ISIS' social media campaign.
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Controversy Over Baltimore Police Van Sign: 'Enjoy Your Ride, Cuz We Sure Will'
The controversy comes after Freddie Gray's autopsy reportedly revealed he suffered a "high-energy" spine injury while in the back of a police van.
0:56Now watching Up next
Index: Pilot of Colorado Medical Chopper Killed in Fiery Crash
ABC News' Cecilia Vega reports the stories people have been buzzing about all week.
1:57Now watching Up next
Video Shows Men Catching Shark Off Coast of North Carolina
Anna Korman filmed as a fisherman hooked and eventually released the shark off Kill Devil Hills.
1:54Now watching Up next
Heavy Rains Cause Flash Floods in Tennessee
ABC News' Rob Marciano reports the latest weather sweeping the country.
1:48Now watching Up next
California Communities Cancel Fireworks Amid Wildfire Concerns
Fireworks spark 18,000 fires across the country each year.
0:26Now watching Up next
Torch for 2016 Olympic Games Revealed
Brazilian officials unveiled the torch for the 2016 Olympics Friday. The torch will be carried through 300 cities and towns before it makes its way to the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. (July 3)
0:45Now watching Up next
Hot Dog Eating Contestants Weigh-In
Contestants weigh-in for Coney Island's annual 4th of July hot dog eating contest. (July 3)

subset: commoncrawl


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Gardasil, the often controversial vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV), which is given to young women, has been found to be quite effective in preventing male warts.
Gardasil helps reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer by preventing certain types HPV infection. Although there are many types of HPV, Gardasil protects against the three most serious ones that are implicated in cervical cancer.
Two of the strains of HPV that are also known to cause rare warts on men are among the three that the vaccine prevents. According to the FDA, the vaccine can prevent these genital warts in men 90% of the time.
More studies need to be done, but the maker of Gardasil, Merck, is asking that the FDA consider granting approval so they can market the vaccine to males aged 9 years to 26 years.
Image: StockXchng.com
Post from: Blisstree
Gardasil Helps Reduce Male Genital Warts


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delicious cum shot...
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AC/DC's 'Thunderstruck' Vs. Metallica's 'Ride the Lightning' – Clash of the Titans
Which weather-related song wins? 'Thunderstruck' or 'Ride the Lightning'?
Which weather-related song wins? 'Thunderstruck' or 'Ride the Lightning'?
Metallica's headliner status in this summer's Glastonbury lineup continues to spark controversy.
Metallica delivered a four-song acoustic covers set at a benefit honoring Ozzy Osbourne.
The Metallica guitarist has covered 'Daisy Bell (Bicycle Built for Two)' for an unusual compilation for charity.
Theo Wargo, Getty Images
You probably don't want to hold your breath for the follow-up to 2008's 'Death Magnetic,' Metallica fans -- but feel safe to break out the peanuts and Cracker Jacks.
Robert Trujillo is producing a documentary about the brilliant and influential jazz bassist.
Metallica have unveiled their contribution to the upcoming Ronnie James Dio tribute album 'This is Your Life' -- and it's a stunning, nine-minute long medley featuring four songs from the singer's time in Rainbow.
Metallica debuted a new song titled 'The Lords of Summer' at their March 16, 2014 concert in Bogota, Columbia.
The Fillmore in San Francisco will host some big name rock stars for an evening of unplugged music on May 15th.
It's been a long time since we've heard a proper new Metallica song, but that'll change when the band hits South America for a series of March tour dates.
In the modern day, many musicians and other celebrities have embraced social media as a way to connect with their fan base. But not Kirk Hammett. In a new interview, the Metallica guitarist discussed, in no uncertain terms, why he avoids all of the myriad Internet-based platforms open to him.
Given that they are both former members of Metallica, one would think Dave Mustaine and Jason Newsted would get along famously. However, that appears not to be the case, as we learn that Newsted's self-titled band has been thrown off an Australian tour by headliners Megadeth.


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Available in Black/Gold, Brown/Gold, White/Gold
Crafted from rugged genuine leather and outfitted with rows of tiny studs, this bracelet is an easy way to add an edgy rocker glam vibe to your look. Snap closure8.25" length of braceletOne size fits mostMade in China
Available in Gold/Black
What do you get when you combine studs and hoops? This pair of earrings, which is the best of both worlds. It features a hanging stud charm on a pointed hoop design. It will add a little edge without distracting from your look. LightweightHigh polish finishPost backs1" diameterMade in China
Available in Gold/Black, Gold/Clear
Cocktail dresses and tees alike can both benefit from a little sparkle! Our recommendation: this pair of teardrop studs, featuring faux gemstones and rhinestone accents. LightweightHigh polish finishPost backs0.5" length x 0.35" widthMade in China
Available in Gold/Clear
With a light-catching rhinestone stud dropping from a delicate chain, these threader earrings are striking and minimalist all at once. Slip them on with your little black dress to leave a lasting impression. High polish finish2.5" length; Décor: 0.1" x 0.1"Made in China
Available in Black/Gold
If you have a handbag obsession, show it off with this longline snake chain necklace. It features a faux leather satchel pendant, complete with a snap-buttoned closure and stud detailing. Great accessorizing? It's in the bag. MidweightHigh polish finishLobster claspChain length: 30"; Décor: 2" width x 1.75" lengthMade in China
Available in Gold/Clear, Silver/Clear
A sleek matchstick connected by a spiraled chain drops from a petite stud on this refined pair of earrings. Polished enough to please at a black tie gala yet just as posh for more casual affairs, this accessory is a fast favorite for any versatile sartorialist. High polish finishPost backsLightweight3.15" length x .15" widthMade in China


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Pistons strength and conditioning coach Arnie Kander didn't comment on Grant Hill's charge that Hill received poor treatment on his ankle while with Detroit.
- Filed Under
The Pistons are not commenting on the recent comments Grant Hill made about the foot injury and subsequent treatment he received from the Pistons and Orlando Magic medical staffs during the 1999-2000 and 2000-01 seasons.
Robert Teitge, the team's orthopedic surgeon when Hill was a Piston, did not return two phone calls from the Free Press, and Arnie Kander, the team's strength and conditioning coach, was advised not to speak on the matter by current management with the potential sale of the team pending.
"The health of our players is and always has been the No. 1 priority of our organization," ...


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Product Description
For long days in mixed weather, the redesigned Guide™ Jacket is built-to-fish with Gore-Tex® Shell fabric that's waterproof, breathable, lightweight, and tenacious against tears. Guide-tested features include two top-loading, fly-box compatible storage pockets with integrated retractors that keep loose ends locked in. Shingle Cuff™ engineering eliminates line catch points for unimpeded casting. And a Tuck-Away fly patch folds out to hold sidelined bugs, or can be combined with an attachable Simms' Fractal foam fly patch (sold separately).
- 2 top-load storage pockets with Simms' integrated retractors
- Shingle Cuff™ is watertight & eliminates line catch points
- Dual draw-cord adjustable bottom hem


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28 year old woman | Pflugerville, TX, USA | Seeking men 24-37 within 50 miles
I want to have something serious, eventually. I am a great mom to one daughter. I love going to the lake/river and renting movies.
I am an extrovert and say what's on my mind. I am loyal. I like to laugh but don't want someone who is a total kid. I am grateful for my family and friends. I think family is the most important thing in my life. My social life could be better. Pretty much all of my life long friends live in San Antonio. I am looking for someone who wants to "settle down," eventually but not automatically. I am passionate about family. I believe "do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is the best rule of life, and I try and live by that. My daughter must be accepted and treated as such. My daughter is a very funny 6 year old with a great personality and lots of love. I want to be a good wife some day, cook, clean, maybe have more kids, don't care if I don't have more kids though. I am very outgoing and funny. I think most people really love my personality. I've been told I'm "crazy", "funny", "a trip"... I like it!
Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Running
I don't exercise regularly.
I have Fish
I like Cats, Dogs, Horses
Middle of the Road
I do like to play pool but I don't go out much. I like taking my daughter to the lake and park. Mainly I am a homebody.
San Antonio College, San Antonio, TX
I always say I have a bad taste in music because I like rap and r&b mostly. Most of my friends like rock and alternative, and tease me about it. Cooking and baking are a lot of fun for me.
I like to go to the movies, rent movies, watch tv, BBQing, going to the lake, but mainly relaxing at home.
The Story of The Eye
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'4" (162cms)
|5'9" (175cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|About average, Athletic and toned, Heavyset, A few extra pounds, Stocky
|No preference
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way, Occasionally
|Social Drinker
|No preference
|Other profession
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|$35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they live at home (1)
|No preference
|Wants kids:
|No preference
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Spiritual but not religious
I believe there is a higher power.
|Some college
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


text:
WunderPhotos Upload
Snow Moon through Trees 2
Uploaded by: GlassHouse
Friday February 2, 2007
Concord, NH (Current Weather Conditions)
Caption: 2nd shot of the moon obscured by clouds through tree branches toinght in anticipation of snow tomorrow. exposure time 1/13th sec, F3.5, ISO 64
This image does not contain EXIF data.
February 2, 2007 Photo Series
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44 year old man | Philadelphia, PA, USA | Seeking women 37-50 within 25 miles
Active within 24 hours
Just looking to meet a sweet caring women, who's truly ready to commit. And who can appreciate a kind, giving, loving man.
I'm giving this site one last chance. I'm a pretty simple person, I'm just looking to find a women who i can call my friend, who's committed to actually be in a LTR, someone who doesn't play HS games. Who wants to spend quality time together. Life is to short for games, so please be serious if you contact me. Special note, I don't believe that texting is a form of being in a relationship either, so please be willing to actually talk at some point. As for ME: I'm a pretty easy going person, I have my flaws just like everyone else on here, but i do know what i want and i'm not afraid to express my feelings good or bad. I'm very honest and always upfront, i don't play games with peoples emotions, because i know what its like to experience that my self. I'm a dedicated father of 2 amazing children who are my world, i have shared 50% custody of them. I don't have any Ex-wife issues, and not looking for a mom for them. If someone special was to come along that would be a bonus for us all. But know i'm very guarded when it comes to involving my children in any new relationship ( learned that lesson the hard way) Bottom Line, i have read what seems to be a thousand profiles on this site, and for the most part,most are looking for a down to earth, none cheater, non liar, none game player, none serial dater, good hearted man....WELL YOU'VE FOUND HIM Thank You for reading my profile, and please feel free to ask any questions you may have, I'm not shy and will respond. UPDATE 3/7/14 ACCORDING TO MY BEST FRIEND (NANCY) SHE BELIEVES THAT MY PROFILE COMES OFF AS TO CYNICAL. THAT IS NOT MY INTENT BY ANY MEANS, TRUST ME I'M NOT THAT WAY. THE ONLY THING I WOULD SAY IS THAT, IT MIGHT BE A BIT ON THE FRUSTRATED SIDE. BUT I CAN SAY ITS 100% ACCURATE AND HOW I FEEL, SO THAT SHOULD COUNT FOR SOMETHING.
Football, Golf, Skiing, Swimming, Walking / Hiking
I don't exercise regularly.
I like Dogs
Middle of the Road
NYC one of my all time favorite places....Love central park, times square, ppl watching
my start up photography business
photography, cooking, house projects.
Let me see your body talk..( a body language book on liars ) lol
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 5'7" (170cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Curvy, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker
|Political / Govt / Civil Service / Military
|No preference
|$75,001 to $100,000
|No preference
|Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home (2)
|Yes, and they sometimes live at home, Yes, and they live away from home, Yes, and they live at home
|Wants kids:
|No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|No, No, but it's OK if my partner has kids
|White / Caucasian
|White / Caucasian
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|No preference
|Some college
|High school


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Queen's Dragoon Guards Striped Cotton-Blend Socks
Unfortunately, this item will not be back in stock.
Heritage British brand Corgi has produced a superb collection commissioned by HRH the Prince of Wales to support Combat Stress, a UK charity specialising in the care of veterans' mental health. In the bold colours of The Welsh Cavalry, this handsome cotton-blend pair is sure to stand you in good stead. Designed exclusively for MR PORTER
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Casual socks
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Arizona Cardinals
Report: Arizona Cardinals' Ryan Williams on the trade block
The Arizona Cardinals have a considerable amount of depth at running back, and it appears they may be trying to thin the herd a bit via a trade.
According to CBSSports.com's Jason LaCanfora, the team is shopping third-year pro Ryan Williams.
Williams, a 2011 second-round pick, has battled various medical setbacks, has been the subject of trade talks.
Indeed, Williams has struggled to stay healthy since being taken in the second round of the 2011 NFL Draft, as the former Virginia Tech star suffered a ruptured patella tendon in the first preseason game of his rookie year and then a season-ending shoulder injury Week 5 of last season.
And given that the team replaced its coaching staff in January, this offseason stood as an important one for Williams' future in Arizona. However, he's battled knee soreness since early in training camp, and finally saw the field for the first time Saturday against the San Diego Chargers.
For his career, Williams has tallied 164 yards on 58 carries, as well as 44 yards on seven receptions.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- Top 5: Career Comebacks - Tuesday June 30Who had the best career comeback? Was it Jordan, Travolta, Warner, or someone else?
- Bickley Blast - Tuesday June 30Is the end near for Roger Goodell?
- Hardware - Monday June 29The Justin Bieber award, the You're Just Mean award, and more of the best/worst of the weekend
- John Clayton, ESPN NFL insider - Friday June 26John Clayton says Denver was never close to trading Peyton Manning.
- Paul Lasike, Cardinals fullback - Wednesday June 24Paul Lasike compares the physicality of football to rugby.