text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Implementation of the Laboratory Air Handling Unit Systems (LAHU)
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Implementation of the Laboratory Air Handling Unit Systems (LAHU) Y. Cui Graduate Student Energy Systems Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln Omaha, NE, USA M. Liu, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor Energy Systems Laboratory...-around coils [18, 19], the variable air volume (VAV) fume hoods [8-16] and the usage-based control devices (UBC) [17]. These measures have effectively reduced the cooling energy, preheat energy and fan power consumption, and sometime, improved indoor...
Cui, Y.; Liu, M.; Conger, K.
An Integrated Air Handling Unit System for Large Commercial Buildings
are developed to compare the energy performance and indoor air quality between the OAHU and conventional AHU systems (single AHU). The OAHU uses significantly less energy than the conventional system in both winter and summer. The OAHU also provides better...
Song, L.; Liu, M.
A New Contactless Conveyor System for Handling Clean and Delicate Products Using Induced Air Flows
A New Contactless Conveyor System for Handling Clean and Delicate Products Using Induced Air Flows thanks to an air cushion and induced air flows. A model of the system is established or in semiconductor production processes. Furthermore, dry fric- tion forces are canceled, which enables accurate
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Controls to Improve Air-Handling System Performance
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The performance of air-handling systems in buildings needs to be improved. Many of the deficiencies result from myths and lore and a lack of understanding about the non-linear physical principles embedded in the associated technologies. By incorporating these principles, a few important efforts related to diagnostics and controls have already begun to solve some of the problems. This paper illustrates three novel solutions: one rapidly assesses duct leakage, the second configures ad hoc duct-static-pressure reset strategies, and the third identifies useful intermittent ventilation strategies. By highlighting these efforts, this paper seeks to stimulate new research and technology developments that could further improve air-handling systems.
Wray, Craig; Wray, Craig P.; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, I.S.; Dickerhoff, D.J.; Federspiel, C.C.
Reducing Building Energy Costs Using Optimized Operation Strategies for Constant Volume Air Handling Systems
SDCVP 67.380 $153.200 $41.800 $195.000 $2.89 measured energy consumption for each building. The horizontal axis is the ambient temperature. The venical axis is the average daily energy consumption in MMBtulhr. Figure 5 compares the predicted...REDUCING BUILDING ENERGY COSTS USING OPTIMIZED OPERATION STRATEGIES FOR CONSTANT VOLUME AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS Mingsheng Liu, her Atha, Agarni Reddy Ed White David Claridge and Jeff Haberl Department of Physical Plant Texas A&M University...
Liu, M.; Athar, A.; Reddy, A.; Claridge, D. E.; Haberl, J. S.; White, E.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air handling systems Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Last Updated: 41702 Summary: , including refrigeration, air conditioning, heating systems, ventilating fans, roof ventilators, exhaust fans... , water treatment equipment,...
Air-Cooled Stack Freeze Tolerance Freeze Failure Modes and Freeze Tolerance Strategies for GenDriveTM Material Handling Application Systems and Stacks Final Scientific Report
Air-cooled stack technology offers the potential for a simpler system architecture (versus liquid-cooled) for applications below 4 kilowatts. The combined cooling and cathode air allows for a reduction in part count and hence a lower cost solution. However, efficient heat rejection challenges escalate as power and ambient temperature increase. For applications in ambient temperatures below freezing, the air-cooled approach has additional challenges associated with not overcooling the fuel cell stack. The focus of this project was freeze tolerance while maintaining all other stack and system requirements. Through this project, Plug Power advanced the state of the art in technology for air-cooled PEM fuel cell stacks and related GenDrive material handling application fuel cell systems. This was accomplished through a collaborative work plan to improve freeze tolerance and mitigate freeze-thaw effect failure modes within innovative material handling equipment fuel cell systems designed for use in freezer forklift applications. Freeze tolerance remains an area where additional research and understanding can help fuel cells to become commercially viable. This project evaluated both stack level and system level solutions to improve fuel cell stack freeze tolerance. At this time, the most cost effective solutions are at the system level. The freeze mitigation strategies developed over the course of this project could be used to drive fuel cell commercialization. The fuel cell system studied in this project was Plug Power's commercially available GenDrive platform providing battery replacement for equipment in the material handling industry. The fuel cell stacks were Ballard's commercially available FCvelocity 9SSL (9SSL) liquid-cooled PEM fuel cell stack and FCvelocity 1020ACS (Mk1020) air-cooled PEM fuel cell stack.
Hancock, David, W.
A New Aerodynamic Traction Principle for Handling Products on an Air Cushion
1 A New Aerodynamic Traction Principle for Handling Products on an Air Cushion Guillaume J. Laurent. The product is carried on a thin air cushion and transported along the system by induced air flows principle for handling delicate and clean products, such as silicon wafers, glass sheets or flat foodstuff
Single-Duct Constant Air Volume System Supply Air Temperature Reset: Using Return Air Temperature or Outside Air Temperature?
The supply air temperature set point for a singleduct constant air volume air handling unit (AHU) system is often reset based on either return air temperature or outside air temperature in order to reduce simultaneous cooling and heating energy...
Wei, G.; Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D.; Liu, M.
air handling unit: Topics by E-print Network
case of fans, or indirectly, in the case of heat exchangers, which impose loads on the chiller and boiler plant. Air-handling units can comprise a myriad of subsystems (fans,...
air handling units: Topics by E-print Network
A plug and play framework for an HVAC air handling unit and temperature sensor auto recognition technique.
??A plug and play framework for an HVAC air handling unit control system is proposed in this study. This is the foundation and the first� (more)
Zhou, Xiaohui
Air Handling Unit Supply Air Temperature Optimization During Economizer Cycles
temperature at supply air temperature setpoint. Mechanical cooling is always required when outside air temperature is higher than the supply air temperature setpoint. Generally the supply air temperature setpoint is set at 55�F for space humidity control...
Xu, K.; Liu, M.; Wang, G.; Wang, Z.
LM Records Handling System-Fernald Historical Records System...
Fernald Historical Records System, Office of Legacy Management LM Records Handling System-Fernald Historical Records System, Office of Legacy Management LM Records Handling...
The Carrier/Cask Handling System receives casks on railcars and legal-weight trucks (LWTs) (transporters) that transport loaded casks and empty overpacks to the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) from the Carrier/Cask Transport System. Casks that come to the MGR on heavy-haul trucks (HHTs) are transferred onto railcars before being brought into the Carrier/Cask Handling System. The system is the interfacing system between the railcars and LWTs and the Assembly Transfer System (ATS) and Canister Transfer System (CTS). The Carrier/Cask Handling System removes loaded casks from the cask transporters and transfers the casks to a transfer cart for either the ATS or CTS, as appropriate, based on cask contents. The Carrier/Cask Handling System receives the returned empty casks from the ATS and CTS and mounts the casks back onto the transporters for reshipment. If necessary, the Carrier/Cask Handling System can also mount loaded casks back onto the transporters and remove empty casks from the transporters. The Carrier/Cask Handling System receives overpacks from the ATS loaded with canisters that have been cut open and emptied and mounts the overpacks back onto the transporters for disposal. If necessary, the Carrier/Cask Handling System can also mount empty overpacks back onto the transporters and remove loaded overpacks from them. The Carrier/Cask Handling System is located within the Carrier Bay of the Waste Handling Building System. The system consists of cranes, hoists, manipulators, and supporting equipment. The Carrier/Cask Handling System is designed with the tooling and fixtures necessary for handling a variety of casks. The Carrier/Cask Handling System performance and reliability are sufficient to support the shipping and emplacement schedules for the MGR. The Carrier/Cask Handling System interfaces with the Carrier/Cask Transport System, ATS, and CTS as noted above. The Carrier/Cask Handling System interfaces with the Waste Handling Building System for building structures and space allocations. The Carrier/Cask Handling System interfaces with the Waste Handling Building Electrical System for electrical power.
E.F. Loros
Cask system design guidance for robotic handling
Remote automated cask handling has the potential to reduce both the occupational exposure and the time required to process a nuclear waste transport cask at a handling facility. The ongoing Advanced Handling Technologies Project (AHTP) at Sandia National Laboratories is described. AHTP was initiated to explore the use of advanced robotic systems to perform cask handling operations at handling facilities for radioactive waste, and to provide guidance to cask designers regarding the impact of robotic handling on cask design. The proof-of-concept robotic systems developed in AHTP are intended to extrapolate from currently available commercial systems to the systems that will be available by the time that a repository would be open for operation. The project investigates those cask handling operations that would be performed at a nuclear waste repository facility during cask receiving and handling. The ongoing AHTP indicates that design guidance, rather than design specification, is appropriate, since the requirements for robotic handling do not place severe restrictions on cask design but rather focus on attention to detail and design for limited dexterity. The cask system design features that facilitate robotic handling operations are discussed, and results obtained from AHTP design and operation experience are summarized. The application of these design considerations is illustrated by discussion of the robot systems and their operation on cask feature mock-ups used in the AHTP project. 11 refs., 11 figs.
Griesmeyer, J.M.; Drotning, W.D.; Morimoto, A.K.; Bennett, P.C.
Dairy Manure Handling Systems and Equipment.
The Texas A&M University System ? Texas Agricultural Extension Service Zerle L. Carpenter, Director College Station 8?1446 DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT DAIRY MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT John M. Sweeten, Ph....D., P.E.* A manure management system for a modern dairy should be capable of controlling solid or liquid manure and wastewater from the open corrals (manure and rainfall runoff), free stall barn , feeding barn , holding lot or holding shed , milking...
Sweeten, John M.
Fault detection in an air-handling unit using residual and recursive parameter identification methods
A scheme for detecting faults in an air-handling unit using residual and parameter identification methods is presented. Faults can be detected by comparing the normal or expected operating condition data with the abnormal, measured data using residuals. Faults can also be detected by examining unmeasurable parameter changes in a model of a controlled system using a system parameter identification technique. In this study, autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX) and autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) models with both single-input/single-output (SISO) and multi-input/single-output (MISO) structures are examined. Model parameters are determined using the Kalman filter recursive identification method. This approach is tested using experimental data from a laboratory`s variable-air-volume (VAV) air-handling unit operated with and without faults.
Lee, W.Y. [Korea Inst. of Energy Research, Taejon (Korea, Republic of); Park, C.; Kelly, G.E. [National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Rocky Flats Environmental...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Rocky Flats Environmental Records Database, Office of Legacy Management LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Rocky Flats Environmental...
Farm Feed Processing & Handling Systems.
or provide hoppers for rapid for the auger installation. Large motors using three-phase unloading of trucks and wagons. Equipment will be 8- or current or phase converters may be required when using 10-inch augers with 8" x 5" elevator cups. a vertical... auger for large capacities and high lifts. Vertical augers are usually preferred for 200- to Equipment 400-bushel-per-hour systems and cup elevators for Equipment for conveying feed into storage 1,000- to 1,200-bushel-per-hour systems. Either...
Allen, W. S.; Sorenson, J. W.; McCune, W. E.
Blow out preventer handling system
A system for testing and installing a blow out preventer on a floating vessel and offshore drilling rigs, although the system may be used on other rotary drilling rigs, is disclosed. Retractable rotary table supporting beams are disposed over the moon pool and the rotary table is releasably connected to them. Retractable sub-structure beams are provided below the rotary table so that means provided to move the assembled blow out preventer can move it through an opening in the derrick and over the moon pool when the rotary beams are retracted. Retractable moon pool skid beams are provided which support the blow out preventer when skidded through the moon pool opening in the substructure. In one aspect of the invention, the means connecting the rotary table to its support beams are self-aligning to that once the rotary table is aligned it can be removed and replaced without any further alignment. Also, support shoulders are provided on the main blow out preventer and lower riser section thereof which engage and are supported by the moon pool beams, so that the rotary support beams, rotary table and sub-structure support beams can be replaced and the blow out preventer hooked up to the riser, drill string or casing, the moon pool beams retracted and the blow out preventer lowered in the moon pool to the sea floor.
Guinn, D.C.; Haggard, A.K.; Thomas, J.P.
Development of an Online Expert Rule Based Automated fault Detection and Diagnostic (AFDD) Tool for Air Handling Units: Beta Test Results
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system energy consumption accounts for an average of 40% of an industrial sites energy consumption. Studies have indicated that 20 - 30% energy savings are achievable by recommissioning Air Handling...
Bruton, K.; Coakley, D.; O'Donovan, P.; Keane, M.; O'Sullivan, D.
Exploring Maximum Humidity Control and Energy Conservation Opportunities with Single Duct Single Zone Air-Handling Units
Humidity control for single-duct single-zone (SDSZ) constant volume air handling units is known to be a challenge. The operation of these systems is governed by space temperature only. Under mild weather conditions, discharge air temperature can get...
Zhou, J.; Wei, G.; Turner, W. D.; Deng, S.; Claridge, D.
Remote-handled transuranic system assessment appendices. Volume 2
Volume 2 of this report contains six appendices to the report: Inventory and generation of remote-handled transuranic waste; Remote-handled transuranic waste site storage; Characterization of remote-handled transuranic waste; RH-TRU waste treatment alternatives system analysis; Packaging and transportation study; and Remote-handled transuranic waste disposal alternatives.
System for handling and storing radioactive waste
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A system and method for handling and storing spent reactor fuel and other solid radioactive waste, including canisters to contain the elements of solid waste, storage racks to hold a plurality of such canisters, storage bays to store these racks in isolation by means of shielded doors in the bays. This system also includes means for remotely positioning the racks in the bays and an access tunnel within which the remotely operated means is located to position a rack in a selected bay. The modular type of these bays will facilitate the construction of additional bays and access tunnel extension.
Anderson, John K. (San Diego, CA); Lindemann, Paul E. (Escondido, CA)
A system and method are claimed for handling and storing spent reactor fuel and other solid radioactive waste, including canisters to contain the elements of solid waste, storage racks to hold a plurality of such canisters, storage bays to store these racks in isolation by means of shielded doors in the bays. This system also includes means for remotely positioning the racks in the bays and an access tunnel within which the remotely operated means is located to position a rack in a selected bay. The modular type of these bays will facilitate the construction of additional bays and access tunnel extension.
Anderson, J.K.; Lindemann, P.E.
LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Electronic Records Keeping...
Energy Savers [EERE]
System (LMRHS01) - Electronic Records Keeping System, Office of Legacy Management, LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Electronic Records Keeping System, Office of Legacy...
Since the introduction of safeguards strengthening measures approved by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Board of Governors (1992-1997), international nuclear safeguards inspectors have been able to utilize environmental sampling (ES) (e.g. deposited particulates, air, water, vegetation, sediments, soil and biota) in their safeguarding approaches at bulk uranium/plutonium handling facilities. Enhancements of environmental sampling techniques used by the IAEA in drawing conclusions concerning the absence of undeclared nuclear materials or activities will soon be able to take advantage of a recent step change improvement in the gathering and analysis of air samples at these facilities. Location specific air monitoring feasibility tests have been performed with excellent results in determining attribute and isotopic composition of chemical elements present in an actual test-bed sample. Isotopic analysis of collected particles from an Aerosol Contaminant Extractor (ACE) collection, was performed with the standard bulk sampling protocol used throughout the IAEA network of analytical laboratories (NWAL). The results yielded bulk isotopic values expected for the operations. Advanced designs of air monitoring instruments such as the ACE may be used in gas centrifuge enrichment plants (GCEP) to detect the production of highly enriched uranium (HEU) or enrichments not declared by a State. Researchers at Savannah River National Laboratory in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory are developing the next generation of ES equipment for air grab and constant samples that could become an important addition to the international nuclear safeguards inspector's toolkit. Location specific air monitoring to be used to establish a baseline environmental signature of a particular facility employed for comparison of consistencies in declared operations will be described in this paper. Implementation of air monitoring will be contrasted against the use of smear ES when used during unannounced inspections, design information verification, limited frequency unannounced access, and complementary access visits at bulk handling facilities. Analysis of technical features required for tamper indication and resistance will demonstrate the viability of successful application of the system in taking ES within a bulk handling location. Further exploration of putting this technology into practice is planned to include mapping uranium enrichment facilities for the identification of optimal for installation of air monitoring devices.
Sexton, L.; Hanks, D.; Degange, J.; Brant, H.; Hall, G.; Cable-Dunlap, P.; Anderson, B.
Automatic Continuous Commissioning of Measurement Instruments in Air Handling Units
by International Energy Agency (IEA) and widely studied in the research projects of Annex 40[2] and Annex 47[3]. An open publication [4] found a media payback period of 4.8 years for commissioning of new buildings in United States. Additionally, commissioning... w Chilled water fanr Return air fan val Valve rtn Return air exh Exhaust air fans Supply air fan coil Cooling coil REFERENCES [1] Buildings Rese Lawrence Be [2] IEA ECBCS...
Xiao, F.; Wang, S.
From Modelica Models to Fault Diagnosis in Air Handling Units Raymond Sterling1
From Modelica Models to Fault Diagnosis in Air Handling Units Raymond Sterling1 , Peter Struss2 Handling Unit (AHU). This solution is derived from a general first-principle Modelica model and exploits 4 presents the modelica models and its calibration. In section 5 an example of the complete tool
Cengarle, Mar�a Victoria
Using Product Specific Simulation Models in a Tool for Manual Commissioning of Air Handling Units
This short paper describes an outline of a tool for manual commissioning of air handling units. The prototype tool is implemented EES professional version that can generate standalone programs. The idea is to use the benefit of simulation models...
Eriksson, J.
Cooling output optimization of an air handling unit Andrew Kusiak *, Mingyang Li
supply temperature and supply air temperature in response to the dynamic cooling load and changingCooling output optimization of an air handling unit Andrew Kusiak *, Mingyang Li Department mining Neural network Multi-objective optimization Evolutionary computation Dynamic modeling Cooling
Kusiak, Andrew
LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Energy Employees Occupational...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act, Office of Legacy Management LM Records Handling System (LMRHS01) - Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation...
Investigation of Feasibility of All-Fresh Air Supply in an All-Air System
The feasibility of an all-fresh air supply in an all-air system is investigated in theory, and the problem of AHU-handling air in low efficiency in summer and winter conditions is analyzed. The air supply temperature is almost up to standards when a...
Wang, J.; Yan, Z.
Alternatives to Electric Air Conditioning Systems
, and exposed to a purge air stream to remove the moisture. The drier air eliminates the need for low evaporator temperatures, allowing the compressor to operate more efficiently, providing only sensible cooling. The synergy of the desiccant/engine chiller... during the summer, including solar gain and high ambient temperatures, the air conditioning system must also handle the heat generated by lighting, personnel, and office equipment. These internal loads dominate in large buildings, especially where...
Lindsay, B. B.; Koplow, M. D.
Strategy Guideline: Compact Air Distribution Systems
This Strategy Guideline discusses the benefits and challenges of using a compact air distribution system to handle the reduced loads and reduced air volume needed to condition the space within an energy efficient home. Traditional systems sized by 'rule of thumb' (i.e., 1 ton of cooling per 400 ft2 of floor space) that 'wash' the exterior walls with conditioned air from floor registers cannot provide appropriate air mixing and moisture removal in low-load homes. A compact air distribution system locates the HVAC equipment centrally with shorter ducts run to interior walls, and ceiling supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls along the ceiling plane; alternatively, high sidewall supply outlets throw the air toward the exterior walls. Potential drawbacks include resistance from installing contractors or code officials who are unfamiliar with compact air distribution systems, as well as a lack of availability of low-cost high sidewall or ceiling supply outlets to meet the low air volumes with good throw characteristics. The decision criteria for a compact air distribution system must be determined early in the whole-house design process, considering both supply and return air design. However, careful installation of a compact air distribution system can result in lower material costs from smaller equipment, shorter duct runs, and fewer outlets; increased installation efficiencies, including ease of fitting the system into conditioned space; lower loads on a better balanced HVAC system, and overall improved energy efficiency of the home.
Burdick, A.
Feasibility Study of Developing a Virtual Chilled Water Flow Meter at Air Handling Unit Level
In this paper, a virtual Air handling unit (AHU) level water flow meter is explored by using a control valve as a measurement device. The flow through the valve is indirectly calculated using differential pressure over both the valve and its...
Song, L.; Swamy, A.; Shim, G.
Self-correcting Controls for Air Handling Units
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administrationcontroller systemsBi (2) SrEvaluating the SeasonalswFlux Measurements In
Economizer Applications in Dual-Duct Air-Handling Units
.E.R.O. These homes were constructed by over a dozen different builders. In this paper data from 310 of these homes is presented. These homes have featured better envelopes and windows, interior and/or duct systems with adequate returns, fan integrated positive....1 Maximum HERS 90.3 89.9 Figure 5 HERS Scores for FL H.E.R.O. Homes SF MF Sample Size, n 164 146 Average ACH50 4.5 5.2 Median ACH50 4.4 5.3 Minimum ACH50 2.1 2.2 Maximum ACH50 8.6 8...
Joo, I.; Liu, M.
Target System Operations and Hg Handling
CERN June 19-20, 2006 #12;2 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Hg System Safety RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Hg System Safety Review 19-20 June 2006 Containment/vent ports will be soap- bubble checked Primary Enclosure Secondary Enclosure #12;4 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL
McDonald, Kirk
Air heating system
A self-starting, fuel-fired, air heating system including a vapor generator, a turbine, and a condenser connected in a closed circuit such that the vapor output from the vapor generator is conducted to the turbine and then to the condenser where it is condensed for return to the vapor generator. The turbine drives an air blower which passes air over the condenser for cooling the condenser. Also, a condensate pump is driven by the turbine. The disclosure is particularly concerned with the provision of heat exchanger and circuitry for cooling the condensed fluid output from the pump prior to its return to the vapor generator.
Primeau, John J. (19800 Seminole Rd., Euclid, OH 44117)
LM Records Handling System-Freedom of Information/Privacy Act...
Freedom of InformationPrivacy Act, Office of Legacy management LM Records Handling System-Freedom of InformationPrivacy Act, Office of Legacy management LM Records Handling...
Challenges of Handling Storm Water Runoff Through Municipal Sewer Systems
cleaned and retained as a Best Management Practice (BMP). Receives only non-industrial storm water on storm water are leading municipalities to change permitting practices. As a result, facilitiesChallenges of Handling Storm Water Runoff Through Municipal Sewer Systems A South Carolina Case
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of
MERCURY HANDLING FOR THE TARGET SYSTEM FOR A MUON COLLIDER (IPAC12, WEPPD038) The target station a 15-20 T superconducting magnet. The target itself is a free mercury jet, moving at 20 m/s at an small angle to the magnetic axis, so as later to be collected in a mercury pool/beam dump. The replaceable
MERCURY HANDLING FOR THE TARGET SYSTEM FOR A MUON COLLIDER Van Graves , ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Factory is a free-stream mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton
Status of ITER neutral beam cell remote handling system
The ITER neutral beam cell will contain up to three heating neutral beams and one diagnostic neutral beam, and four upper ports. Though manual maintenance work is envisaged within the cell, when containment is breached, or the radiological protection is removed the maintenance must be conducted remotely. This maintenance constitutes the removal and replacement of line replaceable units, and their transport to and from a cask docked to the cell. A design of the remote handling system has been prepared to concept level which this paper describes including the development of a beam line transporter, beam source remote handling equipment, upper port remote handling equipment and equipment for the maintenance of the neutral shield. This equipment has been developed complete the planned maintenance tasks for the components of the neutral beam cell and to have inherent flexibility to enable as yet unforeseen tasks and recovery operations to be performed.
Sykes, N; Choi, C-H; Crofts, O; Crowe, R; Damiani, C; Delavalle, S; Meredith, L; Mindham, T; Raimbach, J; Tesini, A; Van Uffelen, M
Ventilation Air Preconditioning Systems
capacity. Optional Morning Warm-up If connected to a liquid condenser bundle, the icemaking chiller can serve as a heat recovery heat pump. The chiller can freeze ice in the early morning to provide heat for morning warm-up, and use the ice... the cooling coil or drain pan re-evaporates and is delivered to occupied space during compressor off-cycles. Although heat recovery between the exhaust air and ventilation air can reduce the impact on the HVAC system, many buildings do not have central...
Khattar, M.; Brandemuehl, M. J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - advanced automation system air traffic...
burdened air traffic control (ATC) systems that are at or near their desig- nated maximum handling... of ground-based ATC but to use automation to support air traffic...
Air Observe System
This manuscript contains a description and basic principles for observing inaccessible areas using low cost, easily deployed equipment. The basic premise is to suspend a tiny video camera at an altitude of 10 - 200 meters over the area to be surveyed. The TV camera supports at altitude by wind or balloon. The technical challenges regard the means by which the camera is suspended. Such a system may be used by military or police forces or by civil authorities for rescue missions or assessment of natural disasters. The method may be further developed for military applications by integrating the surveillance task with deployment of munitions. Key words: air observer, air suspended system, low altitude video observer.
Alexander Bolonkin
Fundamentals of Compressed Air Systems
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Find out how a compressed air system works and the benefits of optimal compressed air system performance. This initial class demonstrates how to compute the current cost of your plant's compressed...
Optimal Terminal Box Control for Single Duct Air-Handling Units
Terminal boxes maintain room temperature by modulating supply air temperature and airflow in building HVAC systems. Terminal boxes with conventional control sequences often supply inadequate airflow to a conditioned space, resulting in occupant...
Cho, Y.; Vondal, J.; Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Compressed Air Energy Storage System
/expanders are crucial for the economical viability of a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system such as the
Farzad A. Shirazi; Mohsen Saadat; Bo Yan; Perry Y. Li; Terry W. Simon
The Carrier Preparation Building Materials Handling System receives rail and truck shipping casks from the Carrier/Cask Transport System, and inspects and prepares the shipping casks for return to the Carrier/Cask Transport System. Carrier preparation operations for carriers/casks received at the surface repository include performing a radiation survey of the carrier and cask, removing/retracting the personnel barrier, measuring the cask temperature, removing/retracting the impact limiters, removing the cask tie-downs (if any), and installing the cask trunnions (if any). The shipping operations for carriers/casks leaving the surface repository include removing the cask trunnions (if any), installing the cask tie-downs (if any), installing the impact limiters, performing a radiation survey of the cask, and installing the personnel barrier. There are four parallel carrier/cask preparation lines installed in the Carrier Preparation Building with two preparation bays in each line, each of which can accommodate carrier/cask shipping and receiving. The lines are operated concurrently to handle the waste shipping throughputs and to allow system maintenance operations. One remotely operated overhead bridge crane and one remotely operated manipulator is provided for each pair of carrier/cask preparation lines servicing four preparation bays. Remotely operated support equipment includes a manipulator and tooling and fixtures for removing and installing personnel barriers, impact limiters, cask trunnions, and cask tie-downs. Remote handling equipment is designed to facilitate maintenance, dose reduction, and replacement of interchangeable components where appropriate. Semi-automatic, manual, and backup control methods support normal, abnormal, and recovery operations. Laydown areas and equipment are included as required for transportation system components (e.g., personnel barriers and impact limiters), fixtures, and tooling to support abnormal and recovery operations. The Carrier Preparation Building Materials Handling System interfaces with the Cask/Carrier Transport System to move the carriers to and from the system. The Carrier Preparation Building System houses the equipment and provides the facility, utility, safety, communications, and auxiliary systems supporting operations and protecting personnel.
Automated cassette-to-cassette substrate handling system
An automated cassette-to-cassette substrate handling system includes a cassette storage module for storing a plurality of substrates in cassettes before and after processing. A substrate carrier storage module stores a plurality of substrate carriers. A substrate carrier loading/unloading module loads substrates from the cassette storage module onto the plurality of substrate carriers and unloads substrates from the plurality of substrate carriers to the cassette storage module. A transport mechanism transports the plurality of substrates between the cassette storage module and the plurality of substrate carriers and transports the plurality of substrate carriers between the substrate carrier loading/unloading module and a processing chamber. A vision system recognizes recesses in the plurality of substrate carriers corresponding to empty substrate positions in the substrate carrier. A processor receives data from the vision system and instructs the transport mechanism to transport substrates to positions on the substrate carrier in response to the received data.
Kraus, Joseph Arthur; Boyer, Jeremy James; Mack, Joseph; DeChellis, Michael; Koo, Michael
Optimal Control in Three-deck Multi-Zone Air-Handling Units: A Case-Study
A multi-zone air-handling unit was popular several decades ago due to the convenience of small sized modular units, which were inexpensive to install and easily maintained in a mechanical room. The cost and convenience proved to be of little benefit...
Joo, I. S.; Song, L.; Liu, M.; Douglas, B.
Uncertainty Analysis for a Virtual Flow Meter Using an Air-Handling Unit Chilled Water Valve
A virtual water flow meter is developed that uses the chilled water control valve on an air-handling unit as a measurement device. The flow rate of water through the valve is calculated using the differential pressure across the valve and its associated coil, the valve command, and an empirically determined valve characteristic curve. Thus, the probability of error in the measurements is significantly greater than for conventionally manufactured flow meters. In this paper, mathematical models are developed and used to conduct uncertainty analysis for the virtual flow meter, and the results from the virtual meter are compared to measurements made with an ultrasonic flow meter. Theoretical uncertainty analysis shows that the total uncertainty in flow rates from the virtual flow meter is 1.46% with 95% confidence; comparison of virtual flow meter results with measurements from an ultrasonic flow meter yielded anuncertainty of 1.46% with 99% confidence. The comparable results from the theoretical uncertainty analysis and empirical comparison with the ultrasonic flow meter corroborate each other, and tend to validate the approach to computationally estimating uncertainty for virtual sensors introduced in this study.
Song, Li; Wang, Gang; Brambley, Michael R.
Compressed Air System Optimization
Several years ago I went to a gas station and noticed that my car's tires were low on air. I saw the gas station had an air compressor, but it cost a quarter to use the compressor. I paid my quarter and used the compressor. I realized...
Aegerter, R.
Air conditioning system
An air conditioner comprises a plurality of plates arranged in a successively stacked configuration with portions thereof having a spaced apart arrangement, and defining between successive adjacent pairs of plates at the spaced apart portions a first and second series of discrete alternating passages wherein a first air stream is passed through the first series of passages and a second air stream is passed through the second series of passages; and said stacked configuration of plates forming integrally therewith a liquid delivery means for delivering from a source a sufficient quantity of a liquid to the inside surfaces of the first series of fluid passages in a manner which provides a continuous flow of the liquid from a first end to a second end of the plurality of plates while in contact with the first air stream.
Lowenstein, Andrew; Miller, Jeffrey; Gruendeman, Peter; DaSilva, Michael
Air ejector augmented compressed air energy storage system
Energy is stored in slack demand periods by charging a plurality of underground reservoirs with air to the same peak storage pressure, during peak demand periods throttling the air from one storage reservoir into a gas turbine system at a constant inlet pressure until the air pressure in the reservoir falls to said constant inlet pressure, thereupon permitting air in a second reservoir to flow into said gas turbine system while drawing air from the first reservoir through a variable geometry air ejector and adjusting said variable geometry air ejector, said air flow being essentially at the constant inlet pressure of the gas turbine system.
Ahrens, Frederick W. (Naperville, IL); Kartsounes, George T. (Naperville, IL)
Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems
1 Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems Kisup Lee* Zheng Jiang, Ph.D Qingyan Chen, Ph.D. Student Member ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAE ABSTRACT Stratified air distribution systems such as Traditional Displacement Ventilation (TDV) and Under- Floor Air Distribution (UFAD
Chen, Qingyan "Yan"
Analysis of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System and Low Temperature Supply Air Conditioning System
This paper presents the principles and the characteristics of a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) and low temperature supply air system. DOAS is offered based on the demands of indoor air quality and the low temperature supply air system...
Guang, L.; Li, R.
Optimal Airflow Control for Laboratory Air Handling Unit (LAHU) Systems
than the cooling energy does. Or, the heating energy reduces as the cooling energy decreases for the LAHU. If the humidification and the heating energy have the same price, the optimal thermal energy consumption also means the optimal thermal..., the restriction conditions are reduced to: oa c t T ? ?= 1, 1? (23) oa c t T ? ?= 2, 2? (24) 1 = (25) 0121 =? ? ? or ?? ? ?? 1121 (26) 2 = or 12 = (27) The optimal airflow control is a two-variable restricted...
Extending a Deductive ObjectOriented Database System with Spatial Data Handling Facilities
Extending a Deductive ObjectOriented Database System with Spatial Data Handling Facilities Alvaro, 1998 Abstract This paper describes the integration of a spatial data handling component with the ROCK collection of spatial data types as primitive types whose operations have stateoftheart computational
Fernandes, Alvaro A. A.
Magnus air turbine system
A Magnus effect windmill for generating electrical power is disclosed. A large nacelle-hub mounted pivotally (in Azimuth) atop a support tower carries, in the example disclosed, three elongated barrels arranged in a vertical plane and extending symmetrically radially outwardly from the nacelle. The system provides spin energy to the barrels by internal mechanical coupling in the proper sense to cause, in reaction to an incident wind, a rotational torque of a predetermined sense on the hub. The rotating hub carries a set of power take-off rollers which ride on a stationary circular track in the nacelle. Shafts carry the power, given to the rollers by the wind driven hub, to a central collector or accumulator gear assembly whose output is divided to drive the spin mechanism for the Magnus barrels and the main electric generator. A planetary gear assembly is interposed between the collector gears and the spin mechanism functioning as a differential which is also connected to an auxiliary electric motor whereby power to the spin mechanism may selectively be provided by the motor. Generally, the motor provides initial spin to the barrels for start-up after which the motor is braked and the spin mechanism is driven as though by a fixed ratio coupling from the rotor hub. During high wind or other unusual conditions, the auxiliary motor may be unbraked and excess spin power may be used to operate the motor as a generator of additional electrical output. Interposed between the collector gears of the rotating hub and the main electric generator is a novel variable speed drive-fly wheel system which is driven by the variable speed of the wind driven rotor and which, in turn, drives the main electric generator at constant angular speed. Reference is made to the complete specification for disclosure of other novel aspects of the system such as, for example, the aerodynamic and structural aspects of the novel Magnus barrels as well as novel gearing and other power coupling combination apparatus of the invention. A reading of the complete specification is recommended for a full understanding of the principles and features of the disclosed system.
Hanson, Thomas F. (24204 Heritage La., Newhall, CA 91321)
Remote-handled transuranic system assessment. Volume 1
This document identifies the necessary actions for addressing current questions concerning the safe and efficient disposal of remote-handled transuranic wastes that have been generated through Department of Energy activities. In addition, this document presents summaries of existing information and analyses regarding the potential alternatives for disposing of remote-handled (RH) transuranic (TRU) waste at the Department of Energy (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). A further discussion of DOE`s approach for addressing RH-TRU issues is contained in the document, Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste Disposal Strategy, DOE/WIPP-95-1090 (DOE, 1995a). Of this stored and projected inventory, approximately 30% can be characterized with current technology and subsequently certified to meet the waste acceptance criteria for disposal at WIPP; characterization of the remaining 70% will require the use of alternative techniques. At most of the generator sites, characterization equipment and facilities need to be procured in order for the sites to certify waste for shipment either to WIPP or to an interim site. If surface dose rates are too high, the use of non-invasive techniques such as non-destructive examination (NDE) and non-destructive assay (NDA) may be precluded. Characterization methods using NDA can be effectively used on RH-TRU wastes with surface dose rates of less than 1.0 rem/hr (neutron); NDE methods are effective on waste with surface dose rates of less than 10 rem/hr (gamma). The ability to use current NDE technology on waste with surface dose rates above 10 rem/hr will need to be demonstrated. Alternate characterization techniques, such as examination within a hot cell, could be used for the remaining waste; however, such techniques are labor intensive and would require additional effort to gather assay data. Improvements in characterization capabilities are being pursued through future technology development initiatives.
A Novel Procedure to Determine Optimal Air Static Pressure Set-points and Reset Schedules in VAV Air Handling Units
through the cold air duct. Stand-alone controllers are used to control the VFD of the cold deck, hot deck fans and deck temperatures. Figure 3 shows the diagram of the AHUs. Table 1 summarizes the AHU operation conditions before the commissioning.... Table 1 : Summary of the AHU Operations before Commissioning (Toa: 8S�F to 94�F) approximately 213 of the length of the main duct from the AHUs. 4s Ave. RA SF CC SP I 1 , I 2 4 VFD 5 AHU 1 N Figure 3. Diagram of the AHUs Mixed Air (OF) 77...
Zhu, Y.; Liu, M.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.; Powell, T.
Advanced Management of Compressed Air Systems
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Find out how a compressed air system works and the benefits of optimal compressed air system performance. This training is designed to help end users as well as industry solution providers learn...
Missing Data Handling for Meter Data Management System Ru-Sen Jeng1
Missing Data Handling for Meter Data Management System Ru-Sen Jeng1 , Chien-Yu Kuo1 , Yao-hua Ho1, Academia Sinica ABSTRACT We study the meter data management systems (MDMS) with a fo- cus on missing data meter data manage- ment systems. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.4.2 [Information Systems
Chen, Ling-Jyh
Environmental sampling has become a key component of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards approaches since its approval for use in 1996. Environmental sampling supports the IAEA's mission of drawing conclusions concerning the absence of undeclared nuclear material or nuclear activities in a Nation State. Swipe sampling is the most commonly used method for the collection of environmental samples from bulk handling facilities. However, augmenting swipe samples with an air monitoring system, which could continuously draw samples from the environment of bulk handling facilities, could improve the possibility of the detection of undeclared activities. Continuous sampling offers the opportunity to collect airborne materials before they settle onto surfaces which can be decontaminated, taken into existing duct work, filtered by plant ventilation, or escape via alternate pathways (i.e. drains, doors). Researchers at the Savannah River National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been working to further develop an aerosol collection technology that could be installed at IAEA safeguarded bulk handling facilities. The addition of this technology may reduce the number of IAEA inspector visits required to effectively collect samples. The principal sample collection device is a patented Aerosol Contaminant Extractor (ACE) which utilizes electrostatic precipitation principles to deposit particulates onto selected substrates. Recent work has focused on comparing traditional swipe sampling to samples collected via an ACE system, and incorporating tamper resistant and tamper indicating (TRI) technologies into the ACE system. Development of a TRI-ACE system would allow collection of samples at uranium/plutonium bulk handling facilities in a manner that ensures sample integrity and could be an important addition to the international nuclear safeguards inspector's toolkit. This work was supported by the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).
Sexton, L.
Compressed air energy storage system
An internal combustion reciprocating engine is operable as a compressor during slack demand periods utilizing excess power from a power grid to charge air into an air storage reservoir and as an expander during peak demand periods to feed power into the power grid utilizing air obtained from the air storage reservoir together with combustible fuel. Preferably the internal combustion reciprocating engine is operated at high pressure and a low pressure turbine and compressor are also employed for air compression and power generation.
THE PREV AIR SYSTEM, AN OPERATIONAL SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE AIR QUALITY FORECASTS OVER EUROPE Author ABSTRACT Since Summer 2003, the PREV'AIR system has been delivering through the Internet1 daily air quality forecasts over Europe. This is the visible part of a wider collaborative project
Industrial Compressed Air System Energy Efficiency Guidebook.
Energy efficient design, operation and maintenance of compressed air systems in industrial plants can provide substantial reductions in electric power and other operational costs. This guidebook will help identify cost effective, energy efficiency opportunities in compressed air system design, re-design, operation and maintenance. The guidebook provides: (1) a broad overview of industrial compressed air systems, (2) methods for estimating compressed air consumption and projected air savings, (3) a description of applicable, generic energy conservation measures, and, (4) a review of some compressed air system demonstration projects that have taken place over the last two years. The primary audience for this guidebook includes plant maintenance supervisors, plant engineers, plant managers and others interested in energy management of industrial compressed air systems.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Stability limit of room air temperature of a VAV system
To control heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, it has been necessary to accept an analog system controlled mainly by proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative (PID) action. However, when conventional PID controllers are replaced with new digital controllers by selecting the same PID parameters as before, the control loops have often got into hunting phenomena, which result in undamped oscillations. Unstable control characteristics (such as huntings) are thought to be one of the crucial problems faced by field operators. The PID parameters must be carefully selected to avoid instabilities. In this study, a room space is simulated as a thermal system that is air-conditioned by a variable-air-volume (VAV) control system. A dynamic room model without infiltration or exfiltration, which is directly connected to a simple air-handling unit without an economizer, is developed. To explore the possible existence of huntings, a numerical system model is formulated as a bilinear system with time-delayed feedback, and a parametric analysis of the stability limit is presented. Results are given showing the stability region affected by the selection of control and system parameters. This analysis was conducted to help us tune the PID controllers for optimal HVAC control.
Matsuba, Tadahiko; Kamimura, Kazuyuki [Yamatake-Honeywell Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan). Building System Div.; Kasahara, Masato; Kimbara, Akiomi; Kurosu, Shigeru [Oyama National Coll. of Technology (Japan); Murasawa, Itaru; Hashimoto, Yukihiko [Tonets Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Engineering Project Dept.
Analysis of the Energy-Saving Potential of a Three-Rotary Wheel Fresh Air-Handling Unit
, TRWFAHU can save 10.2% of primary energy and greatly decrease the energy consumption of chiller. If waste heat is available for regenerating the desiccant, the system can achieve greater energy savings. It is feasible to improve indoor air quality (IAQ...
Hao, X.; Zhang, G.; Zou, S.; Liu, H.
A Probability Extension of PCA to Detect and Diagnose Sensor Faults in Air Handling Units
Due to sensor faults, it is a challenge to successfully detect and diagnose component faults in HVAC systems. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has become a popular method to tackle this problem in recent years, but PCA is not capable...
Li, Z.
Making Compressed Air System Decisions
spawned an entire industry dedicated to manufacturing equipment designed to remove moisture, lubricant, particulate and vapor contaminants from compressed air. Purification equipment, such as air dryers and filters, are used alone or in combination... to reduce the amount of contaminants in the compressed air to the desired purity. All compressed ESL-IE-96-04-32 Proceedings from the Eighteenth Industrial Energy Technology Conference, Houston, TX, April 17-18, 1996 air purification equipment requires...
Porri, R. E.
Remote Handled Transuranic Sludge Retrieval Transfer And Storage System At Hanford
This paper describes the systems developed for processing and interim storage of the sludge managed as remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU). An experienced, integrated CH2M HILL/AFS team was formed to design and build systems to retrieve, interim store, and treat for disposal the K West Basin sludge, namely the Sludge Treatment Project (STP). A system has been designed and is being constructed for retrieval and interim storage, namely the Engineered Container Retrieval, Transfer and Storage System (ECRTS).
Raymond, Rick E. [CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company, Richland, WA (United States); Frederickson, James R. [AREVA, Avignon (France); Criddle, James [AREVA, Avignon (France); Hamilton, Dennis [CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company, Richland, WA (United States); Johnson, Mike W. [CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company, Richland, WA (United States)
DESIGN OF THE MERCURY HANDLING SYSTEM FOR A MUON COLLIDER/NEUTRINO FACTORY TARGET V.B. Graves , Oak is a free mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir for the mercury and a dump for the unexpended proton beam. Modifications
DESIGN OF THE MERCURY HANDLING SYSTEM FOR A MUON COLLIDER/NEUTRINO FACTORY TARGET (IPAC13, THPFI092) The baseline target concept for a Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory is a free mercury jet within a 20-T magnetic field being impacted by an 8-GeV proton beam. A pool of mercury serves as a receiving reservoir
Elimination of ``memory`` from sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer
This paper describes a method for preparing the sample handling and inlet system of a mass spectrometer for analysis of a subsequent sample following analysis of a previous sample comprising the flushing of the system interior with supercritical CO{sub 2} and venting the interior. The method eliminates the effect of system ``memory`` on the subsequent analysis, especially following persistent samples such as xenon and krypton.
Chastgner, P.
Analysis of postharvest handling and marketing systems for vegetable production in East and Central Texas
, and southern peas. Crops were harvested and sold an average of 5 months. Most farm operations included the participation of several family members and hired labor, and most used a variety of outlets to market their produce. A wide variety of postharvest... OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE vi xiii Objectives of the Study Definition of Farming Systems Research Rationalization for Farming Systems Research Implications for a Study of Harvesting, Handling and Marketing Systems...
Vamosy, Margaret Laurain
Remote Handling Equipment for a High-Level Waste Waste Package Closure System
High-level waste will be placed in sealed waste packages inside a shielded closure cell. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has designed a system for closing the waste packages including all cell interior equipment and support systems. This paper discusses the material handling aspects of the equipment used and operations that will take place as part of the waste package closure operations. Prior to construction, the cell and support system will be assembled in a full-scale mockup at INL.
Kevin M. Croft; Scott M. Allen; Mark W. Borland
Radioactive Air Emission Notice of Construction for (NOC) Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) Project W-460 Plutonium Stabilization and Handling
The following description and any attachments and references are provided to the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH), Division of Radiation Protection, Air Emissions & Defense Waste Section as a notice of construction (NOC) in accordance with Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-247, Radiation Protection-Air Emissions. The WAC 246-247-060, ''Applications, registration, and licensing'', states ''This section describes the information requirements for approval to construct, modify, and operate an emission unit. Any NOC requires the submittal of information listed in Appendix A,'' Appendix A (WAC 246-247-1 IO) lists the requirements that must be addressed. Additionally, the following description, attachments, and references are provided to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an NOC, in accordance with Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, ''National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.'' The information required for submittal to the EPA is specified in 40 CFR 61.07. The potential emissions from this activity are estimated to provide greater than 0.1 millirem year total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) to the hypothetical offsite maximally exposed individual (MEI) and commencement is needed within a short time. Therefore, this application also is intended to provide notification of the anticipated date of initial startup in accordance with the requirement listed in 40 CFR 61.09(a)(1), and it is requested that approval of this application also constitutes EPA acceptance of this initial startup notification. Written notification of the actual date of initial startup, in accordance with the requirement listed in 40 CFR 61.09(a)(2), will be provided later. This NOC covers the activities associated with the construction and operation activities involving stabilization and/or repackaging of plutonium in the 2736-ZB Building. An operations support trailer will be installed in the proximity of the 2736-ZB Building. A new exhaust stack will be built and operated at the 2736-ZB Building to handle the effluents associated with the operation of the stabilization and repackaging process. Figures provided are based on preliminary design.
Radioactive Air Emission Notice of Construction (NOC) for Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) Project W-460 Plutonium Stabilization and Handling
The following description and any attachments and references are provided to the Washington State Department of Health (WDOH), Division of Radiation Protection, Air Emissions & Defense Waste Section as a notice of construction (NOC) in accordance with Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-247, Radiation Protection-Air Emissions. The WAC 246-247-060, ''Applications, registration, and licensing'', states ''This section describes the information requirements for approval to construct, modify, and operate an emission unit. Any NOC requires the submittal of information listed in Appendix A.'' Additionally, the following description, attachments, and references are provided to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an NOC, in accordance with Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, ''National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants''. The information required for submittal to the EPA is specified in 40 CFR 61.07. The potential emissions from this activity are estimated to provide greater than 0.1 millirem year total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) to the hypothetical offsite maximally exposed individual (MEI) and commencement is needed within a short time. Therefore, this application also is intended to provide notification of the anticipated date of initial startup in accordance with the requirement listed in 40 CFR 61.09(a)(1), and it is requested that approval of this application also constitutes EPA acceptance of this initial startup notification. Written notification of the actual date of initial startup, in accordance with the requirement listed in 40 CFR 61.09(a)(2), will be provided later. This NOC covers the activities associated with the construction and operation activities involving stabilization and/or repackaging of plutonium in the 2736-ZB Building. A new exhaust stack will be built and operated at the 2736-ZB Building to handle the effluents associated with the operation of the stabilization and repackaging process. Figures provided are based on preliminary design. For the activities covered under this NOC, the unabated and abated TEDE to the hypothetical MEI is 1.67 E-03 and 8.34 E-01 millirem per year, respectively.
This Title III Evaluation Report (TER) provides the results of an evaluation that was conducted on the Material and Personnel Handling System. This TER has been written in accordance with the ''Technical Document Preparation Plan for the Mined Geologic Disposal System Title III Evaluation Reports'' (BA0000000-01717-4600-00005 REV 03). The objective of this evaluation is to provide recommendations to ensure consistency between the technical baseline requirements, baseline design, and the as-constructed Material and Personnel Handling System. Recommendations for resolving discrepancies between the as-constructed system, the technical baseline requirements, and the baseline design are included in this report. Cost and Schedule estimates are provided for all recommended modifications.
T. A. Misiak
Algorithms and Automated Material Handling Systems Design for Stacking 3D Irregular Stone Pieces
ALGORITHMS AND AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS DESIGN FOR STACKING 3D IRREGULAR STONE PIECES A Thesis by MING-CHENG KO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment... Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Sheng-Jen (?Tony?) Hsieh Committee Members, Sai C...
Ko, Ming-Cheng
Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air Systems
Energy use in compressed air systems accounts for typically 10% of the total industrial electricity consumption. It also accounts for close to 99% of the CO2 footprint of an air compressor and approximately 80% of the life cycle costs of a...
Hingorani, A.; Pavlov, A.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning units part Sample Search...
fans... : Use of mechanical equipment such as refrigeration, air conditioning, heating systems, ventilating fans... -handling units and mechanical, compressed air, and electric ......
Impacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage, Fan Power and Thermal Energy - Part 2: Case Demonstration for a Typical Climate System
. In this part, a simulated air handling unit (AHU) system in Omaha NE is used to demonstrate the energy savings performance in one typical climate year. This AHU system has a static pressure reset system and two constant static pressure systems, one having...
Liu, M.; Zheng, K.; Wu, L.; Wang, Z.; Johnson, C.
A New Approach to Industrial Air Conditioning
-dryer Systems Division, has marketed industrial drying machinery. These heat reactivated dryers can handle latent loads in industrial air conditioning systems. Through waste heat conservation, air conditioning costs can be reduced 25 to 50%, with applications...
Gravenstreter, T.
Advanced Controls for Industrial Compressed Air Systems
at a Goulds Pumps manufacturing plant in Seneca Falls, New York, and is currently undergoing field testing. The compressed air system will optimize the energy efficiency of the 7 compressor system (1,850hp) at Goulds, while reducing system pressure...
Vold, P.; Gabel, S.; Carmichael, L.; Curtner, K.; Cirillo, N. C. Jr.
Compressed Air Systems Audits - Why? And How?
% of the compressed air costs, most with little or no capital investment. Almost always, in the event of a capital outlay, energy savings alone afford less than one-year payback. Many energy utility companies energetically support these efforts, and some.... Secondly, join us in the definition of compressed air as a system, the totality of which is comprised of the Supply Side and the Demand Side. The Supply Side is the compressors and their controls, receivers (primary storage tanks), aftercoolers, filters...
Kemp, H. L.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air System Based on System Audit
50 compressed air system energy audits completed by Shanghai50 compressed air system energy audits completed by Shanghaiof compressed air energy audits conducted by the Shanghai
Shanghai, Hongbo Qin; McKane, Aimee
An internship in postharvest handling of vegetables and fruits at Valley Onions, McAllen, Texas: and an analysis of the postharvest handling system of onions
, McALLW, TEXAS ~ AN ANALYSIS OF THE POSTHARVEST HANDLING SYSTEM OF ONIONS A Professional Paper by Jose Ignacio Sanchez-Eamon Approved as to style and content by: Leonard M. Pike (Hort) Chairman, Advisory Committee James Benton Storey (Hort.... Am. Econ. Rev. 50:908-17. 19. Zusman, P. and A. Amiad. 1965. Simulation: A tool for farm planing under conditions of uncertainty. J. Farm. Econ. 47:574-95. 31 VITA NAME PERMANENT ADDRESS TELEPHONE Jose Ignacio Sanchez~os. Callejon de la Rosa...
Sanchez-Ramos, Jose Ignacio
Fuel Cell Systems Air Management
Targets Compressor/Expander for Transportation Fuel Cell System 400--$Cost 10-1510-155Turndown Ratio 15 compressor/expander units for direct hydrogen systems. · Need exists for compressor/ expander motor unit hydrogen 500020001000HoursDurability 45125325$/kWCost 325250140W/LPower density Operating on Tier 2
Fault Tolerant Oxygen Control of a Diesel Engine Air System
Fault Tolerant Oxygen Control of a Diesel Engine Air System Rainer Nitsche Matthias Bitzer control problem of a Diesel engine air system having a jammed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve of the air system. Keywords: Fault tolerant control, Diesel engine, Air system, Model-based trajectory
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Proposal for the award of a contract for the supply and installation of an air-handling plant for the CNGS project
This document concerns the award of a contract for the supply and installation of an air-handling plant for the CNGS underground structures. Following a market survey carried out among 85 firms in fourteen Member States, a call for tenders (IT-3078/ST/CNGS) was sent on 5 September 2003 to five firms and four consortia in seven Member States. By the closing date, CERN had received four tenders from three firms and one consortium in four Member States. The Finance Committee is invited to agree to the negotiation of a contract with AMEC SPIE (DE), the lowest bidder, for the supply and installation of an air-handling plant for the CNGS underground structures for a total amount of 984 493 euros (1 523 512 Swiss francs), not subject to revision, with options for additional equipment for an additional amount not exceeding 88 161 euros (136 430 Swiss francs), not subject to revision, bringing the total amount to 1 072 654 euros (1 659 942 Swiss francs), not subject to revision. The rate of exchange used is that stipu...
Secondary air injection system and method
According to one embodiment of the invention, a secondary air injection system includes a first conduit in fluid communication with at least one first exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and a second conduit in fluid communication with at least one second exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, wherein the at least one first and second exhaust passages are in fluid communication with a turbocharger. The system also includes an air supply in fluid communication with the first and second conduits and a flow control device that controls fluid communication between the air supply and the first conduit and the second conduit and thereby controls fluid communication to the first and second exhaust passages of the internal combustion engine.
Wu, Ko-Jen; Walter, Darrell J.
Evaluation and improvement on external-hazard proof of JSFR fuel handling system
Responding to the the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (1F-NPP) accident, the earthquake and the tsunami proof of the fuel handling system (FHS) in Japan sodium-cooled fast reactor (JSFR) is studied. In the earthquake proof estimation, the margin of seismic resistance against the earthquake of the 1F-envelop condition and the sloshing behavior in the EVST is estimated. In terms of the tsunami proof, the scenario to lead fuel subassemblies into the stable cooling state and the potential of the cooling system is introduced in case of loss of the emergency power supply. As a result, it is clear that JSFR FHS originally could already be prepared to have the potential to prevent the release of radioactive material. (authors)
Katoh, A.; Chikazawa, Y. [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, O-arai-machi, Ibaraki-ken, 311-1393 (Japan); Uzawa, M. [Mitsubishi FBR Systems Inc. MFBR, 34-17, Jingumae 2-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001 (Japan)
A Globally Distributed System for Job, Data, and Information Handling for High Energy Physics
The computing infrastructures of the modern high energy physics experiments need to address an unprecedented set of requirements. The collaborations consist of hundreds of members from dozens of institutions around the world and the computing power necessary to analyze the data produced surpasses already the capabilities of any single computing center. A software infrastructure capable of seamlessly integrating dozens of computing centers around the world, enabling computing for a large and dynamical group of users, is of fundamental importance for the production of scientific results. Such a computing infrastructure is called a computational grid. The SAM-Grid offers a solution to these problems for CDF and DZero, two of the largest high energy physics experiments in the world, running at Fermilab. The SAM-Grid integrates standard grid middleware, such as Condor-G and the Globus Toolkit, with software developed at Fermilab, organizing the system in three major components: data handling, job handling, and information management. This dissertation presents the challenges and the solutions provided in such a computing infrastructure.
Garzoglio, Gabriele; /DePaul U.; ,
Nuclear reactor fuel assembly duct-tube-to-handling-socket attachment system
A reusable system for removably attaching the upper end 10of a nuclear reactor duct tube to the lower end 30 of a nuclear reactor fuel assembly handling socket. A transition ring 20, fixed to the duct tube's upper end 10, has an interior-threaded section 22 with a first locking hole segment 24. An adaptor ring 40, fixed to the handling socket's lower end 30 has an outside-threaded section 42 with a second locking hole segment 44. The inside 22 and outside 42 threaded sections match and can be joined so that the first 24 and second 44 locking hole segments can be aligned to form a locking hole. A locking ring 50, with a locking pin 52, slides over the adaptor ring 40 so that the locking pin 52 fits in the locking hole. A swage lock 60 or a cantilever finger lock 70 is formed from the locking cup collar 26 to fit in a matching groove 54 or 56 in the locking ring 50 to prevent the locking ring's locking pin 52 from backing out of the locking hole.
Christiansen, David W. (Kennewick, WA); Smith, Bob G. (Kennewick, WA)
air bag system: Topics by E-print Network
an advanced gas engine... Lindsay, B. B.; Koplow, M. D. 1988-01-01 46 Compressed Air Energy Savings: SAV-AIR Monitor and Control System and the PNW Compressed Air Challenge...
Research on Fuzzy Regulation Strategies in the Constant Air Volume Air Conditioning System
The energy consumption of the constant air volume (CAV) system largely depends on the regulation strategies. Although some air conditioning systems are equipped with automatic regulation devices, others lack effective regulation strategies. To avoid...
Bai, T.; Zhang, J.; Ning, N.; Tong, K.; Wu, Y.; Wang, H.
HEDL air filter examination system software
This document describes the system software and operation of the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) air filter sample counting systems. Included are a description of how each program functions with flow charts, sample printouts, program listings and a listing with comments of test routines that exercise the hardware. This effort is a result of a work order from HEDL Operational Safety to the Instrument Calibration and Evaluations section of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to upgrade the HEDL counting systems to include standardization, radon subtraction, and detector cooling.
Stapleton, E.E.
air suspension system: Topics by E-print Network
and Comparison of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Heating and Air-Conditioning System Texas A&M University - TxSpace Summary: Based on the heating and air-conditioning system...
air suspension systems: Topics by E-print Network
Solving an Air Conditioning System Problem using Constraint Satisfaction
Solving an Air Conditioning System Problem using Constraint Satisfaction Raphaël Chenouard1 An air conditioning system problem 1.1 Context The design process is a sequence of phases ranging from States (2007)" DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-74970-7_4 #12;In this paper, an air conditioning system (ACS
Estimated energy expenditure during a manual material handling task: the prolonged effect of wearing the Oxylog System
This purpose of this study was to evaluate the prolonged effect of wearing the Oxylog System from Morgan Scientific, Inc. during a series of four manual material handling tests. The lift tests were performed by 12 males (average age of 23 years...
Mudd, Michelle Leigh
Criticality Safety Evaluation Report for the Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Facilities Process Water Handling System
This report addresses the criticality concerns associated with process water handling in the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility. The controls and limitations on equipment design and operations to control potential criticality occurrences are identified.
Proposal for Construction/Demonstration/Implementation of A Material Handling System
Vortec Corporation, the United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC) and DOE/Paducah propose to complete the technology demonstration and the implementation of the Material Handling System developed under Contract Number DE-AC21-92MC29120. The demonstration testing and operational implementation will be done at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. The scope of work, schedule and cost for the activities are included in this proposal. A description of the facility to be constructed and tested is provided in Exhibit 1, attached. The USEC proposal for implementation at Paducah is presented in Exhibit 2, and the commitment letters from the site are included in Exhibit 3. Under our agreements with USEC, Bechtel Jacobs Corporation and DOE/Paducah, Vortec will be responsible for the construction of the demonstration facility as documented in the engineering design package submitted under Phase 4 of this contract on August 9, 2001. USEC will have responsibility for the demonstration testing and commercial implementation of the plant. The demonstration testing and initial commercial implementation of the technology will be achieved by means of a USEC work authorization task with the Bechtel Jacobs Corporation. The initial processing activities will include the processing of approximately 4,250 drums of LLW. Subsequent processing of LLW and TSCA/LLW will be done under a separate contract or work authorization task. To meet the schedule for commercial implementation, it is important that the execution of the Phase 4 project option for construction of the demonstration system be executed as soon as possible. The schedule we have presented herein assumes initiation of the construction phase by the end of September 2001. Vortec proposes to complete construction of the demonstration test system for an estimated cost of $3,254,422. This price is based on the design submitted to DOE/NETL under the Phase 4 engineering design deliverable (9 august 2001). The cost is subject to the assumptions and conditions identified in Section 6 of this proposal.
Jim Jnatt
INTRODUCTION Modern day electronic systems such as communication systems, data handling
frame is time-of-year in binary coded decimal (BCD) notation in days, hours, minutes, seconds correlation with time. Parallel and serial formatted time codes are used to efficiently interface the timing system (time-of-day source) to the user system. Parallel time codes are defined in IRIG Standard 205
Berns, Hans-Gerd
Solar air heating system for combined DHW and space heating
Solar air heating system for combined DHW and space heating solar air collector PV-panel fannon-return valve DHW tank mantle cold waterhot water roof Solar Energy Centre Denmark Danish Technological Institute SEC-R-29 #12;Solar air heating system for combined DHW and space heating Søren �?stergaard Jensen
air cooling system: Topics by E-print Network
coil unit (FCU) and 100% fresh air are used... Mohamed, E.; Abdalla, K. N. 2010-01-01 8 Cold side thermal energy storage system for improved operation of air cooled power plants...
air cooling systems: Topics by E-print Network
Commissioning and Diagnosis of VAV Air-Conditioning Systems
This paper presents a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) strategy based on system knowledge, qualitative states and object-oriented statistical process control (SPC) models for typical pressure-independent variable air volume (VAV) air...
Qin, J.; Wang, S.; Chan, C.; Xiao, F.
Burner Designs and Controls for Variable Air Preheat Systems
and batch type melting operations resulting in cyclic or variable air preheat temperatures will be discussed. Fuel savings relating to the use of recuperation and various types of fuel/air ratio systems will also be discussed....
Lied, C. R.
An Innovative Approach for Data Collection and Handling to Enable Advancements in Micro Air Vehicle Persistent Surveillance
Vehicle Persistent Surveillance. (August 2009) Ryan David Goodnight, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Helen Reed The success of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts has led to increased... .............................. 24 10 Paparazzi Tiny V2.1 Autopilot System ...................................................... 25 11 Aerovironment Black Widow MAV Subsystem Anatomy ........................ 28 12 Texas A&M University Integrated MAV (IMAV) Inventor...
Goodnight, Ryan David
Operation technology of air treatment system in nuclear facilities
Effective operation techniques were reviewed on the air treatment system to protect the personnel in nuclear facilities from the contamination of radio-active particles and to keep the environment clear. Nuclear air treatment system consisted of the ventilation and filtering system was characterized by some test. Measurement of air velocity of blowing/exhaust fan in the ventilation system, leak tests of HEPA filters in the filtering, and measurement of pressure difference between the areas defined by radiation level were conducted. The results acquired form the measurements were reflected directly for the operation of air treatment. In the abnormal state of virus parts of devices composted of the system, the repairing method, maintenance and performance test were also employed in operating effectively the air treatment system. These measuring results and techniques can be available to the operation of air treatment system of PIEF as well as the other nuclear facilities in KAERI.
Chun, Y B; Hwong, Y H; Lee, H K; Min, D K; Park, K J; Uom, S H; Yang, S Y
Thermal analysis for fuel handling system for sodium cooled reactor considering minor actinide-bearing metal fuel.
The Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) is one of the components of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) used to close the fuel cycle. ABR is a sodium-cooled fast reactor that is used to consume transuranic elements resulting from the reprocessing of light water reactor spent nuclear fuel. ABR-1000 [1000 MW(thermal)] is a fast reactor concept created at Argonne National Laboratory to be used as a reference concept for various future trade-offs. ABR-1000 meets the GNEP goals although it uses what is considered base sodium fast reactor technology for its systems and components. One of the considerations of any fast reactor plant concept is the ability to perform fuel-handling operations with new and spent fast reactor fuel. The transmutation fuel proposed as the ABR fuel has a very little experience base, and thus, this paper investigates a fuel-handling concept and potential issues of handling fast reactor fuel containing minor actinides. In this study, two thermal analyses supporting a conceptual design study on the ABR-1000 fuel-handling system were carried out. One analysis investigated passive dry spent fuel storage, and the other analysis investigated a fresh fuel shipping cask. Passive dry storage can be made suitable for the ABR-1000 spent fuel storage with sodium-bonded metal fuel. The thermal analysis shows that spent fast reactor fuel with a decay heat of 2 kW or less can be stored passively in a helium atmosphere. The 2-kW value seems to be a reasonable and practical level, and a combination of reasonably-sized in-sodium storage followed by passive dry storage could be a candidate for spent fuel storage for the next-generation sodium-cooled reactor with sodium-bonded metal fuel. Requirements for the shipping casks for minor actinide-bearing fuel with a high decay heat level are also discussed in this paper. The shipping cask for fresh sodium-cooled-reactor fuel should be a dry type to reduce the reaction between residual moisture on fresh fuel and the sodium coolant. The cladding temperature requirement is maintained below the creep temperature limit to avoid any damage before core installation. The thermal analysis shows that a helium gas-filled cask can accommodate ABR-1000 fresh minor actinide-bearing fuel with 700-W decay heat. The above analysis results revealed the overall requirement for minor actinide-bearing metal fuel handling. The information is thought to be helpful in the design of the ABR-1000 and future sodium-cooled-reactor fuel-handling system.
Chikazawa, Y.; Grandy, C.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine
Method and apparatus are disclosed for providing a closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine. The method and apparatus provide for bleeding pressurized air from a gas turbine engine compressor for use in cooling the turbine components. The compressed air is cascaded through the various stages of the turbine. At each stage a portion of the compressed air is returned to the compressor where useful work is recovered.
North, William Edward (Winter Springs, FL)
Energy efficiency improvements in Chinese compressed air systems
Air Systems, Paper #071 Energy efficiency improvements into increase industrial energy efficiency. As a result, morein use. Over time, energy efficiency decreases and the cost
McKane, Aimee; Li, Li; Li, Yuqi; Taranto, T.
air conditioning system: Topics by E-print Network
may be eliminated. Physical principals governing airflow in fan systems predict available energy savings from using premium air filters. This energy savings may offset the...
air conditioning systems: Topics by E-print Network
Cooperative Control of Air Flow for HVAC Systems
in a variable air volume HVAC system,� Energy, vol. 21, no.Global optimization for overall HVAC systems-part I problemGlobal optimization for overall HVAC systems-part II problem
Shuai, Liu; Lihua, Xie
Identifying Efficiency Degrading Faults in Split Air Conditioning Systems
Studies estimate that as much as 50% of packaged air conditioning systems operate in faulty conditions that degrade system efficiency. Common faults include: under- and over-charged systems (too much or too little refrigerant), faulty expansions...
Terrill, T. J.; Brown, M. L.; Cheyne, R. W. Jr.; Cousins, A. J.; Daniels, B. P.; Erb, K. L.; Garcia, P. A.; Leutermann, M. J.; Nel, A. J.; Robert, C. L.; Widger, S. B.; Williams, A. G.; Rasmussen, B. P.
Building Aautomation system embedded air-handling unit performance degradation detector
, September 14-17, 2014 Building Energy Efficiency Laboratory @ OU 23 Acknowledgements Dr. Gang Wang University of Miami Dr. Mike Brambley PNNL Funding agencies: 1. PNNL (2011): Summer research. 2. ASHRAE (2011-2013): Developing standard procedures...
Song, L.; Wang, G.
Energy performance of underfloor air distribution systems
Underfloor�Air�Distribution�(UFAD)�Design�Guide. �Atlanta:�distribution,�UFAD,�EnergyPlus,�EnergyPlus/UFAD,�energy� modeling,�design�design�calculations�must�account�for�the�distribution�of�
Bauman, Fred; Webster, Tom; Linden, Paul; Buhl, Fred
Ventilation System Effectiveness and Tested Indoor Air Quality Impacts
Ventilation system effectiveness testing was conducted at two unoccupied, single-family, detached lab homes at the University of Texas - Tyler. Five ventilation system tests were conducted with various whole-building ventilation systems. Multizone fan pressurization testing characterized building and zone enclosure leakage. PFT testing showed multizone air change rates and interzonal airflow. Cumulative particle counts for six particle sizes, and formaldehyde and other Top 20 VOC concentrations were measured in multiple zones. The testing showed that single-point exhaust ventilation was inferior as a whole-house ventilation strategy. It was inferior because the source of outside air was not direct from outside, the ventilation air was not distributed, and no provision existed for air filtration. Indoor air recirculation by a central air distribution system can help improve the exhaust ventilation system by way of air mixing and filtration. In contrast, the supply and balanced ventilation systems showed that there is a significant benefit to drawing outside air from a known outside location, and filtering and distributing that air. Compared to the Exhaust systems, the CFIS and ERV systems showed better ventilation air distribution and lower concentrations of particulates, formaldehyde and other VOCs. System improvement percentages were estimated based on four System Factor Categories: Balance, Distribution, Outside Air Source, and Recirculation Filtration. Recommended System Factors could be applied to reduce ventilation fan airflow rates relative to ASHRAE Standard 62.2 to save energy and reduce moisture control risk in humid climates. HVAC energy savings were predicted to be 8-10%, or $50-$75/year.
Rudd, A.; Bergey, D.
Air conditioning system with supplemental ice storing and cooling capacity
The present air conditioning system with ice storing and cooling capacity can generate and store ice in its pipe assembly or in an ice storage tank particularly equipped for the system, depending on the type of the air conditioning system. The system is characterized in particular in that ice can be produced and stored in the air conditioning system whereby the time of supplying cooled air can be effectively extended with the merit that the operation cycle of the on and off of the compressor can be prolonged, extending the operation lifespan of the compressor in one aspect. In another aspect, ice production and storage in great amount can be performed in an off-peak period of the electrical power consumption and the stored ice can be utilized in the peak period of the power consumption so as to provide supplemental cooling capacity for the compressor of the air conditioning system whereby the shift of peak and off-peak power consumption can be effected with ease. The present air conditioning system can lower the installation expense for an ice-storing air conditioning system and can also be applied to an old conventional air conditioning system.
Weng, Kuo-Lianq (Taichung, TW); Weng, Kuo-Liang (Taichung, TW)
Conserve Energy by Optimizing Air Compressor System
is the compressed air plant(s), cating air compressors with one 60-hp and one 30-hp which many times include compressors, ancillary screw compressor; (2) the repiping of the existing equipment, and/or an operating sequence that is screw compressors cooling water...
Williams, V. A.
Major: Ecological Systems Design, Air Quality Control and Waste Management
1 Major: Ecological Systems Design, Air Quality Control and Waste Management � Being able to solve control technologies � Knowledge in waste management and technologies Module 1: Ecological Systems Design quality control and biogas Waste management and air quality control Examples for combination of Modules
Giger, Christine
Room air stratification in combined chilled ceiling and displacement ventilation systems.
Environments. Proceedings of Indoor Air 2005: 10 thInternational Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate,displacement ventilation hybrid air conditioning system-
Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred; Tully, Brad; Rimmer, Julian
Innovative Systems for Solar Air Conditioning of Buildings
for a high efficient utilization of solar thermal energy. To show the today's and near future potential innovative solar cooling and air conditioning systems are discussed which are well adapted to the utilization of solar energy. The system performance...
Kessling, W.; Peltzer, M.
air defense system: Topics by E-print Network
system. Much is now known about the post-September Wang, Hai 377 Numerical Analysis of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Underground Air-conditioning Systems Texas A&M University -...
air defense systems: Topics by E-print Network
Efficiency of compressed-air systems. Final report
The program undertaken by this contract is intended to quantify the current state of knowledge in American industry concerning the energy efficient design and operation of industrial compressed air systems and system components. Since there is no standard reference for designers and operators of compressed air systems which provides guidelines for maximizing the energy efficiency of these systems, a major product of this contract was the preparation of a guidebook for this purpose.
Not Available
Understanding the Basics of Compressed Air Systems
, contaminated filters, conversion to electrically operated hoists, and the use of centrifugal fans or compressed air with pressure regulators to purge control cabinets. Finally, a review of compressor technologies with typical cfm, pressure ranges, and price...
Herron, D. J.
System Transition: Dynamics of Change in the US Air TransportationSystem
System Transition: Dynamics of Change in the US Air TransportationSystem by Aleksandra L Education Committee #12;#12;System Transition: Dynamics of Change in the US Air Transportation System of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Technology, Management, and Policy Abstract The US Air
de Weck, Olivier L.
The Air or Brayton Cycle Solvent Recovery System
reduction of the turbine exhaust air temperature. In this manner the system will boot strap itself down to a very low temperature in just a few minutes. I have observed the 8000 CFM system, which will be described a little later, cool from an ambient... condens~ng temperature for many solvents is colder than -50 F. Such low temperatures require relatively complicated freon refri geration systems. This led to development of the Air Cycle System. Fig. 3 shows a simple schematic of the air cycle. A...
Fox, B. J.
Position paper -- Tank ventilation system design air flow rates
The purpose of this paper is to document a project position on required ventilation system design air flow rates for the waste storage tanks currently being designed by project W-236A, the Multi-Function Waste Tank Facility (MWTF). The Title 1 design primary tank heat removal system consists of two systems: a primary tank vapor space ventilation system; and an annulus ventilation system. At the conclusion of Title 1 design, air flow rates for the primary and annulus ventilation systems were 960 scfm and 4,400 scfm, respectively, per tank. These design flow rates were capable of removing 1,250,000 Btu/hr from each tank. However, recently completed and ongoing studies have resulted in a design change to reduce the extreme case heat load to 700,000 Btu/hr. This revision of the extreme case heat load, coupled with results of scale model evaporative testing performed by WHC Thermal Hydraulics, allow for a reduction of the design air flow rates for both primary and annulus ventilation systems. Based on the preceding discussion, ICF Kaiser Hanford Co. concludes that the design should incorporate the following design air flow rates: Primary ventilation system--500 scfm maximum and Annulus ventilation system--1,100 scfm maximum. In addition, the minimum air flow rates in the primary and annulus ventilation systems will be investigated during Title 2 design. The results of the Title 2 investigation will determine the range of available temperature control using variable air flows to both ventilation systems.
Goolsby, G.K.
Air Pollution Accountability and Compliance Tracking System (A-PACT System)
regulatory authorities in making their decisions. (Abstract) Keywords-air pollution; aviation; data mining IAir Pollution Accountability and Compliance Tracking System (A-PACT System) Andrew Keller and emissions regulations for aircraft at major airports. The proposed Air Pollution Accountability
Scalability of the air transportation system and development of multi-airport systems : a worldwide perspective
With the growing demand for air transportation and the limited ability to increase capacity at some key points in the air transportation system, there are concerns that in the future the system will not scale to meet demand. ...
Bonnefoy, Philippe A
Scalability of the Air Transportation System and Development of Multi-Airport Systems: A Worldwide Perspective
Bonnefoy, Philippe
A Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System
Sensor networks are currently an active research area mainly due to the potential of their applications. In this paper we investigate the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for air pollution monitoring in Mauritius. With the fast growing industrial activities on the island, the problem of air pollution is becoming a major concern for the health of the population. We proposed an innovative system named Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System (WAPMS) to monitor air pollution in Mauritius through the use of wireless sensors deployed in huge numbers around the island. The proposed system makes use of an Air Quality Index (AQI) which is presently not available in Mauritius. In order to improve the efficiency of WAPMS, we have designed and implemented a new data aggregation algorithm named Recursive Converging Quartiles (RCQ). The algorithm is used to merge data to eliminate duplicates, filter out invalid readings and summarise them into a simpler form which significantly reduce the amount of dat...
Khedo, Kavi K; Mungur, Avinash; Mauritius, University of; Mauritius,; 10.5121/ijwmn.2010.2203
Improving Compressed Air System Efficiency- Know What You Really Need
($17,000/year saved) by reducing air use without reducing production. Another, by monitoring air production and energy requirements of the system, selected a properly sized 75 hp compressor to replace a worn-out 250 hp compressor and paid for the new...
Terrell, R. E.
Direct Digital Control in Air Conditioning Systems for Energy Efficiency
the function and the level of the building, but also save energy. At present, air-conditioning design in internal commercial buildings is becoming more complex and enormous. The proportion of air conditioning systems in the whole building is getting larger...
Liu, W.; Ye, A.; Li, D.
Cold Vacuum Drying Facility Stack Air Sampling System Qualification Tests
This report documents tests that were conducted to verify that the air monitoring system for the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility ventilation exhaust stack meets the applicable regulatory criteria regarding the placement of the air sampling probe, sample transport, and stack flow measurement accuracy.
Glissmeyer, John A.
Control Humidity With Single-Duct, Single-Zone, Constant Air Volume System
The lecture hall of the Richardson Petroleum Building at Texas A&M University is a large lecture hall, with a total floor area of approximately 2500 ft^2. The lecture hall was served by a constant air volume (CAV) air handling unit (AHU) which had...
Chen, H.; Deng, S.; Bruner, H. L.; Claridge, D. E.
Iterative Optimal and Adaptive Control of a Near Isothermal Liquid Piston Air Compressor in a Compressed Air Energy Storage System
in a Compressed Air Energy Storage System Farzad A. Shirazi, Mohsen Saadat, Bo Yan, Perry Y. Li, and Terry W/expanders are crucial for the economical viability of a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system such as the one in the Com- pressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for offshore wind turbine that has recently been
Li, Perry Y.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Mod 5d - Prismatic Fuel Handling System...
* Used fuel management plan Used fuel management plan 5 Refueling System Arrangement for 4-Module HTGR Plant 6 Refueling System Equipment - MHTGR * Main refueling equipment items...
A systems analysis of scheduled air transportation networks
This work establishes the conditions for airline system design building from submodels of smaller aspects of air transportation. The first three sections develop submodels which then are combined in extensive numerical ...
Swan, William M.
Reducing Air-Conditioning System Energy Using a PMV Index
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China Maximize Comfort: Temperature, Humidity and IAQ Vol.I-4-1 Reducing Air-Conditioning System Energy Using a PMV Index Hui Li Qingfan Zhang Associate professor...
Li, H.; Zhang, Q.
Ground facilities for a VTOL intercity air transportation system
Introduction: This study covers the design of ground facilities, or metroports, for a future form of short haul intercity air transportation, the VTOL Airbus system as described by previous M.I.T. Flight Transportation ...
Allen Edward
Improved Air Volume Control Logic for VAV Systems
position of the terminal boxes. This method is called air volume control logic. Under this control logic, terminal box airflow requirements are met with reduced static pressure. Fan power consumption is minimized. However, the actual system performance also...
Wei, G.; Claridge, D. E.; Sakuri, Y.; M. Liu
Estimating Energy Savings in Compressed Air Systems
are frequently overestimated because the methods used to estimate savings neglect to consider important factors such as compressor control and type, storage, and multiple compressor operation. In this paper, a methodology is presented for modeling air... compressor performance and calculating projected energy savings from easily obtainable performance data such as full-load power, no-load power, rated capacity, average fraction full-load power or average fraction rated capacity. The methodology...
Schmidt, C.; Kissock, J. K.
Assessing the Impact of Measurement Policy on the Accuracy of Certified Energy Efficiency Ratio for Split-System Air Conditioners
Efficiency of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps,and Validation of Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat PumpC.W. (1994). Room Air Conditioner System Modeling, Air
Yu, Bingyi
Register Closing Effects on Forced Air Heating System Performance
Closing registers in forced air heating systems and leaving some rooms in a house unconditioned has been suggested as a method of quickly saving energy for California consumers. This study combined laboratory measurements of the changes in duct leakage as registers are closed together with modeling techniques to estimate the changes in energy use attributed to closing registers. The results of this study showed that register closing led to increased energy use for a typical California house over a wide combination of climate, duct leakage and number of closed registers. The reduction in building thermal loads due to conditioning only a part of the house was offset by increased duct system losses; mostly due to increased duct leakage. Therefore, the register closing technique is not recommended as a viable energy saving strategy for California houses with ducts located outside conditioned space. The energy penalty associated with the register closing technique was found to be minimized if registers furthest from the air handler are closed first because this tends to only affect the pressures and air leakage for the closed off branch. Closing registers nearer the air handler tends to increase the pressures and air leakage for the whole system. Closing too many registers (more than 60%) is not recommended because the added flow resistance severely restricts the air flow though the system leading to safety concerns. For example, furnaces may operate on the high-limit switch and cooling systems may suffer from frozen coils.
Walker, Iain S.
A web based CBR system for heating ventilation and air conditioning systems sales support
A web based CBR system for heating ventilation and air conditioning systems sales support D describes the implementation of a case-based reasoning (CBR) system to support heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) sales staff operating in remote locations. The system operates on the world wide
Watson, Ian
Retrofitting Air Conditioning and Duct Systems in Hot, Dry Climates
This technical report describes CARB's work with Clark County Community Resources Division in Las Vegas, Nevada, to optimize procedures for upgrading cooling systems on existing homes in the area to implement health, safety, and energy improvements. Detailed monitoring of five AC systems showed that three of the five systems met or exceeded air flow rate goals.
Shapiro, C.; Aldrich, R.; Arena, L.
Integration of air separation membrane and coalescing filter for use on an inlet air system of an engine
An intake air separation system suitable for combustion air of an internal combustion engine. An air separation device of the system includes a plurality of fibers, each fiber having a tube with a permeation barrier layer on the outer surface thereof and a coalescing layer on the inner surface thereof, to restrict fluid droplets from contacting the permeation barrier layer.
Moncelle, Michael E. (Bloomington, IL)
Air-flow regulation system for a coal gasifier
An improved air-flow regulator for a fixed-bed coal gasifier is provided which allows close air-flow regulation from a compressor source even though the pressure variations are too rapid for a single primary control loop to respond. The improved system includes a primary controller to control a valve in the main (large) air supply line to regulate large slow changes in flow. A secondary controller is used to control a smaller, faster acting valve in a secondary (small) air supply line parallel to the main line valve to regulate rapid cyclic deviations in air flow. A low-pass filter with a time constant of from 20 to 50 seconds couples the output of the secondary controller to the input of the primary controller so that the primary controller only responds to slow changes in the air-flow rate, the faster, cyclic deviations in flow rate sensed and corrected by the secondary controller loop do not reach the primary controller due to the high frequency rejection provided by the filter. This control arrangement provides at least a factor of 5 improvement in air-flow regulation for a coal gasifier in which air is supplied by a reciprocating compressor through a surge tank.
Fasching, George E. (Morgantown, WV)
Literature Review on Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Systems
implemented with the improved type of outlet provided the indoor environment quality that meets the standard. McCarry, B.T. 1995. Underfloor air distribution systems: benefits and when to use the system in building design. ASHRAE Trans., 1995, Vol. 101, Pt... the structural slab and the underside of a raised floor to deliver conditioned air to supply outlets located at or near floor level within the occupied zone. The reported benefits of this system are: 1) improved thermal comfort, 2) reduced energy use, 3...
Im, P.; Cho, S.; Haberl, J. S.
Effect of System and Air Contaminants on PEMFC Performance and Durability (Presentation)
This presentation summarizes Effect of System and Air Contaminants on PEMFC Performance and Durability.
Dinh, H.
Measured Air Distribution Effectiveness for Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems
The purpose of ventilation is dilute or remove indoor contaminants that an occupant is exposed to. In a multi-zone environment such as a house, there will be different dilution rates and different source strengths in every zone. Most US homes have central HVAC systems, which tend to mix the air thus the indoor conditions between zones. Different types of ventilation systems will provide different amounts of exposure depending on the effectiveness of their air distribution systems and the location of sources and occupants. This paper will report on field measurements using a unique multi-tracer measurement system that has the capacity to measure not only the flow of outdoor air to each zone, but zone-to-zone transport. The paper will derive seven different metrics for the evaluation of air distribution. Measured data from two homes with different levels of natural infiltration will be used to evaluate these metrics for three different ASHRAE Standard 62.2 compliant ventilation systems. Such information can be used to determine the effectiveness of different systems so that appropriate adjustments can be made in residential ventilation standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2.
Sherman, Max; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning system driven Sample Search...
(3-0-3) Summary: and design of air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems; including consideration of vapor... ME 4321 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning...
Field Test of Room-to-Room Distribution of Outside Air with Two Residential Ventilation Systems
Uniform distribution of outside air is one way to ensure that residential dilution ventilation systems will provide a known amount of fresh air to all rooms.
Hendron, R.; Anderson, R.; Barley, D.; Rudd, A.; Townsend, A.; Hancock, E.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air transport system Sample Search Results
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Collection: Engineering 67 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: , the use of a water system to model air...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air transportation system Sample Search...
Lessons learned in modeling Underfloor Air Distribution system
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta:for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (
Lee, Kwang Ho; Schiavon, Stefano; Webster, Tom; Bauman, Fred; Feng, Jingjuan; Hoyt, Tyler
Residential Forced Air System Cabinet Leakage and Blower Performance
Driven�Unitary� Air?Conditioning�and�Heat�Pump�Equipment�. �Air�Conditioning�&� Air?source�Heat�Pump�Equipment. �Air?apply�to�the�air�handlers�of�heat�pumps�and�electric�
Abstract--In this work is proposed the design of a system to create and handle Electric Vehicles (EV) charging procedures,
Abstract--In this work is proposed the design of a system to create and handle Electric Vehicles (EV) charging procedures, based on intelligent process. Due to the electrical power distribution network limitation and absence of smart meter devices, Electric Vehicles charging should be performed
da Silva, Alberto Rodrigues
Using ductwork to improve supply plenum temperature distribution in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system
overhead air distribution design(1). 1.3 Thermal comfortS. Under Floor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. s.l. :load design tool for underfloor air distribution systems.
Pasut, Wilmer
Closed loop air cooling system for combustion turbines
Convective cooling of turbine hot parts using a closed loop system is disclosed. Preferably, the present invention is applied to cooling the hot parts of combustion turbine power plants, and the cooling provided permits an increase in the inlet temperature and the concomitant benefits of increased efficiency and output. In preferred embodiments, methods and apparatus are disclosed wherein air is removed from the combustion turbine compressor and delivered to passages internal to one or more of a combustor and turbine hot parts. The air cools the combustor and turbine hot parts via convection and heat is transferred through the surfaces of the combustor and turbine hot parts.
Huber, David John (North Canton, OH); Briesch, Michael Scot (Orlando, FL)
Convective cooling of turbine hot parts using a closed loop system is disclosed. Preferably, the present invention is applied to cooling the hot parts of combustion turbine power plants, and the cooling provided permits an increase in the inlet temperature and the concomitant benefits of increased efficiency and output. In preferred embodiments, methods and apparatus are disclosed wherein air is removed from the combustion turbine compressor and delivered to passages internal to one or more of a combustor and turbine hot parts. The air cools the combustor and turbine hot parts via convection and heat is transferred through the surfaces of the combustor and turbine hot parts. 1 fig.
Huber, D.J.; Briesch, M.S.
Uranium hexafluoride handling. Proceedings
The United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Field Office, and Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., are co-sponsoring this Second International Conference on Uranium Hexafluoride Handling. The conference is offered as a forum for the exchange of information and concepts regarding the technical and regulatory issues and the safety aspects which relate to the handling of uranium hexafluoride. Through the papers presented here, we attempt not only to share technological advances and lessons learned, but also to demonstrate that we are concerned about the health and safety of our workers and the public, and are good stewards of the environment in which we all work and live. These proceedings are a compilation of the work of many experts in that phase of world-wide industry which comprises the nuclear fuel cycle. Their experience spans the entire range over which uranium hexafluoride is involved in the fuel cycle, from the production of UF{sub 6} from the naturally-occurring oxide to its re-conversion to oxide for reactor fuels. The papers furnish insights into the chemical, physical, and nuclear properties of uranium hexafluoride as they influence its transport, storage, and the design and operation of plant-scale facilities for production, processing, and conversion to oxide. The papers demonstrate, in an industry often cited for its excellent safety record, continuing efforts to further improve safety in all areas of handling uranium hexafluoride. Selected papers were processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
In Review J. Indoor Air) 2007 LBNL-63193 Tarantola, Albert,Gas Measurement to Determine Air Movements in a House,Measurement Techniques�, Air Infiltration and Ventilation
Sherman, Max H.
air distribution system: Topics by E-print Network
by bringingArnold Schwarzenegger Governor AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN THE SOUTH COAST AIR Board, South Coast Air Quality Management District, and San...
air distribution systems: Topics by E-print Network
System transition : dynamics of change in the US air transportation system
The US Air Transportation System is currently facing a number of challenges including an increasing demand for travel and growing environmental requirements. In order to successfully meet future needs, the system will need ...
Mozdzanowska, Aleksandra L. (Aleksandra Ludmila), 1979-
Air flow and particle control with different ventilation systems in a classroom
Air flow and particle control with different ventilation systems in a classroom Sture Holmberg, Ph. For displacement ventilation systems, designers normally assume that all pollutants follow the buoyant air flow of the ventilation air flow are shown to play an important role in the control of air quality. Computer simulation
High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial Air Conditioning Systems
R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial air conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, air conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and air cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other air conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration The technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-speed, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not currently utilized in commercial air conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High speed motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high speed, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher speed and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, it could not be operated at air cooled condensing temperatures. (7) The two-stage impellers/diffusers worked well separately but combined did not match well.
Ruckes, John
Methods for air cleaning system design and accident analysis
This paper describes methods, in the form of a handbook and five computer codes, that can be used for air cleaning system design and accident analysis. Four of the codes were developed primarily at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and one was developed in France. Tools such as these are used to design ventilation systems in the mining industry but do not seem to be commonly used in the nuclear industry. For example, the Nuclear Air Cleaning Handbook is an excellent design reference, but it fails to include information on computer codes that can be used to aid in the design process. These computer codes allow the analyst to use the handbook information to form all the elements of a complete system design. Because these analysis methods are in the form of computer codes, they allow the analyst to investigate many alternative designs. In addition, the effects of many accident scenarios on the operation of the air cleaning system can be evaluated. These tools originally were intended for accident analysis, but they have been used mostly as design tools by several architect-engineering firms. The Cray, VAX, and personal computer versions of the codes, an accident analysis handbook, and the codes' availability will be discussed. The application of these codes to several design operations of nuclear facilities will be illustrated, and their use to analyze the effect of several accident scenarios also will be described.
Gregory, W.S.; Nichols, B.D.
Variable oxygen/nitrogen enriched intake air system for internal combustion engine applications
An air supply control system for selectively supplying ambient air, oxygen enriched air and nitrogen enriched air to an intake of an internal combustion engine includes an air mixing chamber that is in fluid communication with the air intake. At least a portion of the ambient air flowing to the mixing chamber is selectively diverted through a secondary path that includes a selectively permeable air separating membrane device due a differential pressure established across the air separating membrane. The permeable membrane device separates a portion of the nitrogen in the ambient air so that oxygen enriched air (permeate) and nitrogen enriched air (retentate) are produced. The oxygen enriched air and the nitrogen enriched air can be selectively supplied to the mixing chamber or expelled to atmosphere. Alternatively, a portion of the nitrogen enriched air can be supplied through another control valve to a monatomic-nitrogen plasma generator device so that atomic nitrogen produced from the nitrogen enriched air can be then injected into the exhaust of the engine. The oxygen enriched air or the nitrogen enriched air becomes mixed with the ambient air in the mixing chamber and then the mixed air is supplied to the intake of the engine. As a result, the air being supplied to the intake of the engine can be regulated with respect to the concentration of oxygen and/or nitrogen.
Poola, Ramesh B. (Woodridge, IL); Sekar, Ramanujam R. (Naperville, IL); Cole, Roger L. (Elmhurst, IL)
Energy Conservation of Air Conditioning Systems in Large Public Buildings
cold seasons, the closed middle air layer absorbs the solar energy, and becomes the buffer layer of space between the inside and outside because of the glasshouse effect. In this case, the indoor heat loss can be reduced. While during the hot... and natural climatic microenvironment for the people indoor. Considering the energy conservation and the ecological environmental protection, this system not only satisfies the aesthetic need of the architecture, but also is the need of developing...
Liu, P.; Li, D.
Sensitivity of forced air distribution system efficiency to climate, duct location, air leakage and insulation
Location, Air Leakage and Insulation Iain S. Walker Energy4 Duct Insulation, Location and Leakageinsulation
Walker, Iain
FUJIFILM Hunt Chemicals U.S.A. Achieves Compressed Air System...
FUJIFILM Hunt Chemicals U.S.A. Achieves Compressed Air System Energy-Reduction Goals with a Three-Phased Strategy FUJIFILM Hunt Chemicals U.S.A. Achieves Compressed Air System...
The integration of Automatic Speech Recognition into the Air Traffic Control system
Today, the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system relies primarily on verbal communication between the air traffic controllers and the pilots of the aircraft in the controlled airspace. Although a computer system exists that ...
Karlsson Joakim
The Effect of Pressure Difference Control on Hydraulic Stability in a Variable Flow Air Conditioning System
This paper analyzes the effects of different pressure difference control methods on hydraulic stability in a variable flow air conditioning system when it is applied to different air conditioning water systems. According to control method and water...
Zhang, Z.; Fu, Y.; Chen, Y.
Optimising the Fresh Air Economiser
, S., ?Economizers in Air Handling Systems?, CED Engineering Course M01-014, Stony Point New York, 2000. Moser, D., ?Free Cooling: Don?t Let Savings Slip Away?, Portland Energy Conservation Inc., published in Building Operating Management.... New Zealand, Standard NZS 4303:1990, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington. Portland Energy Conservation Inc., from Functional Testing Guide on website: (http...
Biship, R.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air treatment system Sample Search Results
Liquid over-feeding air conditioning system and method
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant.
Mei, Viung C. (Oak Ridge, TN); Chen, Fang C. (Knoxville, TN)
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant. 1 figure.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C.
The Micro Craft iSTAR Micro Air Vehicle: Control System Design and Testing
-rotating propellers) benefits both reliability and cost. Figure 1: iSTAR Micro Air Vehicle The Micro Craft iSTAR VTOLThe Micro Craft iSTAR Micro Air Vehicle: Control System Design and Testing Larry Lipera i Abstract The iSTAR Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) is a unique 9-inch diameter ducted air vehicle weighing
Rotkowitz, Michael C.
Air and water flows in a large sand box with a two-layer aquifer system
Air and water flows in a large sand box with a two-layer aquifer system Xingxing Kuang & Jiu Jimmy negative air pressure can be generated in the vadose zone during pumping. The negative air pressure. The initial water-table depth has a significant effect on the generated negative air pressure. The shallower
Jiao, Jiu Jimmy
STATE OF CALIFORNIA CONSTANT VOLUME SINGLE ZONE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS CEC Volume Single Zone Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Systems (Page 1 of 4) Project Name CONSTANT VOLUME SINGLE ZONE UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS CEC-MECH-3A (Revised 08
Raytheon: Compressed Air System Upgrade Saves Energy and Improves Performance
In 2003, Raytheon Company upgraded the efficiency of the compressed air system at its Integrated Air Defense Center in Andover, Massachusetts, to save energy and reduce costs. Worn compressors and dryers were replaced, a more sophisticated control strategy was installed, and an aggressive leak detection and repair effort was carried out. The total cost of these improvements was $342,000; however, National Grid, a utility service provider, contributed a $174,000 incentive payment. Total annual energy and maintenance cost savings are estimated at $141,500, and energy savings are nearly 1.6 million kWh. This case study was prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy's Industrial Technologies Program.
plan, formulate energy efficiency goals and adopt energyGO-102004-1926 [3] Energy Efficiency and Market Potential ofImproving Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air System Based
energy efficiency goals and adopt energy conservation measures. Application of the types of compressed air best practicesEnergy Efficiency and Market Potential of Electric Motor System in China. China Machine Pressu re, [4] Best Practices
terminal unit (TU) cooling design supply air temperature (due to the low supply airflow at low cooling load conditioncontrol the cooling air flow rate or reheated supply air to
In 2011, significant progress was made in developing and deploying technologies to remove, transport, and interim store remote-handled sludge from the 105-K West Fuel Storage Basin on the Hanford Site in south-central Washington State. The sludge in the 105-K West Basin is an accumulation of degraded spent nuclear fuel and other debris that collected during long-term underwater storage of the spent fuel. In 2010, an innovative, remotely operated retrieval system was used to successfully retrieve over 99.7% of the radioactive sludge from 10 submerged temporary storage containers in the K West Basin. In 2011, a full-scale prototype facility was completed for use in technology development, design qualification testing, and operator training on systems used to retrieve, transport, and store highly radioactive K Basin sludge. In this facility, three separate systems for characterizing, retrieving, pretreating, and processing remote-handled sludge were developed. Two of these systems were successfully deployed in 2011. One of these systems was used to pretreat knockout pot sludge as part of the 105-K West Basin cleanup. Knockout pot sludge contains pieces of degraded uranium fuel ranging in size from 600 {mu}m to 6350 {mu}m mixed with pieces of inert material, such as aluminum wire and graphite, in the same size range. The 2011 pretreatment campaign successfully removed most of the inert material from the sludge stream and significantly reduced the remaining volume of knockout pot product material. Removing the inert material significantly minimized the waste stream and reduced costs by reducing the number of transportation and storage containers. Removing the inert material also improved worker safety by reducing the number of remote-handled shipments. Also in 2011, technology development and final design were completed on the system to remove knockout pot material from the basin and transport the material to an onsite facility for interim storage. This system is scheduled for deployment in 2012. The prototype facility also was used to develop technology for systems to retrieve remote-handled transuranic sludge smaller than 6350 {mu}m being stored in underwater containers. After retrieving the sludge, the system will be used to load and transport the sludge for interim storage. During 2011, full-scale prototype systems were developed and tested to a Technology Readiness Level 6 as defined by U.S. Department of Energy standards. This system is scheduled for deployment in 2013. Operations also are scheduled for completion in 2014.
Hybrid membrane--PSA system for separating oxygen from air
A portable, non-cryogenic, oxygen generation system capable of delivering oxygen gas at purities greater than 98% and flow rates of 15 L/min or more is described. The system consists of two major components. The first component is a high efficiency membrane capable of separating argon and a portion of the nitrogen content from air, yielding an oxygen-enriched permeate flow. This is then fed to the second component, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit utilizing a commercially available, but specifically formulated zeolite compound to remove the remainder of the nitrogen from the flow. The system is a unique gas separation system that can operate at ambient temperatures, for producing high purity oxygen for various applications (medical, refining, chemical production, enhanced combustion, fuel cells, etc . . . ) and represents a significant advance compared to current technologies.
Staiger, Chad L. (Albuquerque, NM); Vaughn, Mark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Miller, A. Keith (Albuquerque, NM); Cornelius, Christopher J. (Blackburg, VA)
Compressed Air Energy Savings: SAV-AIR Monitor and Control System and the PNW Compressed Air Challenge
Portland, OR Portland, OR ABSTRACT This paper presents the results from two compressed air programs supported by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (Alliance) over the last five years. In 1997 the Alliance funded the Northwest regional version...Resource Group Portland, OR COMPRESSED A[R CHALLENGE The Compressed Air Challenge (CAC) is a national collaborative that develops and provides resources to educate industrial plant operating staff on ways to increase net profits through compressed air...
Anderson, K. J.; Annen, B.; Scott, S.
CA. � CEC�(2008b). �Residential�Alternative�Calculation�Standard�for�Air�Handlers�in�Residential�Space�Conditioning�of�Standards�Options�for�Residential�Air�Handler�Fans. ��
Energy performance of air distribution systems part II: room air stratification full scale testing
and are connected to a fan coil unit by flexible ductwork asvariable air volume fan coil units typically used in
Webster, Tom; Lukaschek, Wolfgang; Dickeroff, Darryl; Bauman, Fred
Method, system and apparatus for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air
A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a threat or hazard to the occupants, the present invention takes corrective actions which may include introducing additional fresh air. The corrective actions taken are intended to promote overall health of personnel, prevent personnel from being overexposed to hazardous contaminants and minimize the cost of operating the HVAC system. The identification of the contaminants is performed by comparing the signatures provided by the sensor array with a database of known signatures. Upon identification, the system takes corrective actions based on the level of contaminant present. The present invention is capable of learning the identity of previously unknown contaminants, which increases its ability to identify contaminants in the future. Indoor air quality is assured by monitoring the contaminants not only in the indoor air, but also in the outdoor air and the air which is to be recirculated. The present invention is easily adaptable to new and existing HVAC systems. In sum, the present invention is able to monitor and adjust the quality of indoor air in real time by sensing the level and type of contaminants present in indoor air, outdoor and recirculated air, providing an intelligent decision about the quality of the air, and minimizing the cost of operating an HVAC system.
Hartenstein, Steven D.; Tremblay, Paul L.; Fryer, Michael O.; Hohorst, Frederick A.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-distribution systems interactions Sample...
Distribution Systems Bass Abushakra Iain S. Walker... , and the installation of supply boots and diffusers. Introduction The installation of air distribution systems... in the...
A MultiAir / MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency...
to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency A MultiAir MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency 2012 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air system design Sample Search Results
10 CIVIL ENGINEERING UNDERGRADUATE AREAS OF CONCENTRATION Summary: Wastewater Treatment Systems CE 4300 Air Pollution Control System Design Required Design Course...
Sandia National Laboratories: National Air Space radar system
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -theErik Spoerke SSLSMolten-Salt Storage System ArevaNRG SandiaGases inAir Space
Test and Reconstruction of Air Conditioning System in a Hotel Lobby
Two air conditioning systems are equipped in a hotel lobby. It is found from the field test that the actual air rate is 40% and 16% of the nominal value, respectively, of the two systems, which is far lower than the design requirement. The air rate...
Wang, G.; Hu, Y.; Hu, S.; Chen, Q.
COMPRESSED-AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR STAND-ALONE OFF-GRID PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES Dominique materials, flywheels, pumped hydro (PH), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and compressed air-grid alternative to the large-scale compressed air energy storage systems we propose to examine the viability
Deymier, Pierre
Numerical Analysis of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Underground Air-conditioning Systems
In view of the influence of humidity of room air on room heat load, indoor environment and building energy consumption in underground intermittent air-conditioning systems, numerical simulation was used to dynamically analyze the coupling condition...
Wang, Q.; Miao, X.; Cheng, B.; Fan, L.
Energy performance of underfloor air distribution systems part V: energy plus development
heating coil (fan outlet, coil inlet); the unit air outletVS) fan and reheat coil is an air system terminal unitfan is upstream of the heating coil (this is a blow-through unit).
Buhl, Fred
Optimization of supply air temperature reset schedule for a single duct VAV systems
In a single duct variable air volume (SDVAV) system, the supply air temperature is usually set as a constant value. Since this constant setpoint is selected to satisfy the maximum cooling load conditions, significant reheat will occur once...
Fan, Wenshu
Moltox� Chemical Air Separation System-A Progress Report
MOLTOX~* CHEMICAL AIR SEPARATION SYSTEM - A PROGRESS REPORT Donald C. Er1ckson Energy Concepts Co. Annapo11s, Maryland W111iam R. Brown and Br1an R. Dunbobb1n A1r Products and Chem1ca1s, Inc. Allentown, Pennsy1van1a Robert G. Massey U....S. Department of Energy Wash1ngton, D.C. ABSTRACT A new low energy route to tonnage oxygen product1on, the HOLTOX~ system, 1s now commenc1ng p110t plant test1ng. The process, 1ts h1story, and potent1a1 app11cat10ns will be descr1bed, 1n add1t1on...
Erickson, D. C.; Brown, W. R.; Dunbobbin, B. R.; Massey, R. G.
chilled water cooling coil, and supply fan. The fan is aspecify the VAV box cooling design supply air temperature (the underfloor supply plenum (thereby, reducing room cooling
Model Based Sensor System for Temperature Measurement in R744 Air Conditioning Systems
The goal is the development of a novel principle for the temperature acquisition of refrigerants in CO2 air conditioning systems. The new approach is based on measuring the temperature inside a pressure sensor, which is also needed in the system. On the basis of simulative investigations of different mounting conditions functional relations between measured and medium temperature will be derived.
Reitz, Sven; Schneider, Peter
A study of pressure losses in residential air distribution systems
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the pressure drop characteristics of residential duct system components that are either not available or not thoroughly (sometimes incorrectly) described in existing duct design literature. The tests were designed to imitate cases normally found in typical residential and light commercial installations. The study included three different sizes of flexible ducts, under different compression configurations, splitter boxes, supply boots, and a fresh air intake hood. The experimental tests conformed to ASHRAE Standard 120P--''Methods of Testing to Determine Flow Resistance of HVAC Air Ducts and Fittings''. The flexible duct study covered compressibility and bending effects on the total pressure drop, and the results showed that the available published references tend to underestimate the effects of compression in flexible ducts that can increase pressure drops by up to a factor of nine. The supply boots were tested under different configurations including a setup where a flexible duct elbow connection was considered as an integral part of the supply boot. The supply boots results showed that diffusers can increase the pressure drop by up to a factor of two in exit fittings, and the installation configuration can increase the pressure drop by up to a factor of five. The results showed that it is crucial for designers and contractors to be aware of the compressibility effects of the flexible duct, and the installation of supply boots and diffusers.
Abushakra, Bass; Walker, Iain S.; Sherman, Max H.
Vacuum Vessel Remote Handling
and Remote Handling 4 Vacuum vessel functions · Plasma vacuum environment · Primary tritium confinement, incl ports 65 tonnes - Weight of torus shielding 100 tonnes · Coolant - Normal Operation Water, Handling 12 Vessel octant subassembly fab. (3) · Octant-to-octant splice joint requires double wall weld
air heating system: Topics by E-print Network
solar air collector PV-panel fannon-return valve DHW tank mantle cold waterhot water roof Solar Energy Centre Denmark Danish Technological Institute SEC-R-29 12;Solar air heating...
air systems metodologia: Topics by E-print Network
air heating systems: Topics by E-print Network
Heat transfer pathways in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems
room cooling load, room air setpoint, and supply air temper-distribution of room cooling load into the supply plenum orof room cooling load between the underfloor supply plenum
Bauman, F.; Jin, H.; Webster, T.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Compressed Air System Based onSystem Audit
Industrial electric motor systems consume more than 600billion kWh annually, accounting for more than 50 percent of China selectricity use. The International Energy Agency estimates thatoptimizing motor systems results in an improvement of 20-25 percent,which is well-supported by experience in both the U.S. and China.Compressed air systems in China use 9.4 percent of all electricity.Compressed air use in China is growing rapidly, as new industrial plantsare built and the production processes of existing plants expand andchange. Most of these systems, whether existing or new, are not optimizedfor energy efficiency. This paper will present a practitioner'sperspective on theemergence of compressed air auditing services inChina, specifically as it pertains to Shanghai and surrounding areas.Both the methodology used and the market development of these compressedair system services will be addressed. Finally, the potential for energysaving opportunities will be described based on highlights from over 50compressed air system energy audits completed by Shanghai EnergyConservation Service Center, both during the United Nations IndustrialDevelopment Organization (UNIDO) China Motor System Energy ConservationProgram, and after this training program was completed.
Air traffic complexity and the interacting particle system method: An integrated approach for collision risk estimation
Air traffic complexity and the interacting particle system method: An integrated approach explore the possibility of using air traffic complexity metrics to accelerate the Interacting Particle to assess the performance and impact of, e.g., possible modifications of the current air traffic management
Del Moral , Pierre
regulation and gen- erator power tracking for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system, a nonlinearDRAFT: NONLINEAR CONTROLLER DESIGN WITH BANDWIDTH CONSIDERATION FOR A NOVEL COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY available wind power in normal situations. Storing energy in high pressure compressed air is attractive
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF AIR POLLUTION (APPLICATION Chile and other cities in Chile, air pollution is a dramatic problem. An Environmental Information planning. Using a model-based EIS for air pollution it is possible (i) to study complex source
Bertossi, Leopoldo
Parallel NonLinear Optimization : Towards The Design Of A Decision Support System For Air
outcomes (e.g. financial return) whilst minimizing environmental damage. In the area of air pollution, such technology has been used for real world studies predicting air pollution levels over a planning horizon1 Parallel NonLinear Optimization : Towards The Design Of A Decision Support System For Air
Abramson, David
Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems
linked with gas transfer. Microbreaking, or the breakdown of small-scale waves that do not entrain airEnvironmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems; accepted 5 April 2007; published 17 May 2007. [1] Air-water gas transfer influences CO2 and other
Ho, David
Thermal decay in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems: Fundamentals and influence on system performance
Lee, Kwang Ho; Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred; Webster, Tom
E-Print Network 3.0 - automotive air-conditioning system Sample...
EGTE456 Fundamentals of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning ELEG420 Solar Electric Systems... CIEG351 Transportation Engineering MEEG425 Automotive Powertrain...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air injection systems Sample Search Results
systems. Different methods for measuring air-leakage rates were also compared... , and Refrigeration ... Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air control system Sample Search Results
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air control system Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 The Pennsylvania State University Confined Space...
Electric, Gas, and Electric/Gas Energy Options for Cold-Air HVAC Systems
and incorporated into HVAC design for medium-to-large buildings, it is possible to structure system arrangements that reduce energy operating costs very significantly compared to conventional all-air VAV systems and also to all-air VAV ice thermal storage systems...
Meckler, G.
Analysis of Energy Saving in a Clean Room Air-conditioning System
simulated and compared the summer energy consuming conditions of the two systems. Results prove the superiority of the 2nd return air system, and the validity of the simulation. Also, the air system energy performance in summer was illustrated with typical...
Liu, S.; Liu, J.; Pei, J.; Wang, M.
Compressed Air Audits: A Holistic Approach -Addressing the Air System as a Whole
energy savings. The quality and comprehensiveness of manufacturing facilities, and therefore audits, vary widely and it is important to consider experience. Compressed Air Technologies has audited nearly 200 manufacturing facilities since our inception...
Shaver, D.
Supply fan energy use in pressurized underfloor air distribution systems
air-water devices like fan coil units and water source heatsuch as VAV boxes and fan coil units. One fairly typical
Webster, Tom P.E.; Bauman, Fred P.E.; Ring, Erik P.E.
Environmental policymaking for air transportation : toward an emissions trading system.
??Aviation is at a turning point. Considerable improvements in aircraft emissions efficiencies are expected through technological improvements, air traffic management, and managerial strategies. But global� (more)
De Serres, Martine.
Human-System Safety Methods for Development of Advanced Air Traffic Management Systems
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is supporting the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the development of advanced air traffic management (ATM) systems as part of the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies program. As part of this program INEEL conducted a survey of human-system safety methods that have been applied to complex technical systems, to identify lessons learned from these applications and provide recommendations for the development of advanced ATM systems. The domains that were surveyed included offshore oil and gas, commercial nuclear power, commercial aviation, and military. The survey showed that widely different approaches are used in these industries, and that the methods used range from very high-level, qualitative approaches to very detailed quantitative methods such as human reliability analysis (HRA) and probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). In addition, the industries varied widely in how effectively they incorporate human-system safety assessment in the design, development, and testing of complex technical systems. In spite of the lack of uniformity in the approaches and methods used, it was found that methods are available that can be combined and adapted to support the development of advanced air traffic management systems.
Nelson, W.R.
Supply Air Temperature Control Using a VFD Pump
Supply Air Temperature Control Using a VFD Pump Bin Zheng and Mingsheng Liu Ph.D., P.E. Energy Systems Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln Abstract Traditionally, chilled water pump speed is modulated to maintain the water loop... differential pressure set point and the control valve at the air handling unit (AHU) is modulated to maintain the supply air temperature. This paper introduces a new VFD pump speed control algorithm, optimal pump head control strategy, in variable water...
Zheng, B.; Liu, M.
Short communication Optimization of hybrid ground coupled and air source heat pump systems
Short communication Optimization of hybrid ground coupled and air source heat pump systems 2008 Accepted 14 January 2010 Available online 28 January 2010 Keywords: Ground coupled heat pump Air to water heat pump Thermal storage device Hybrid HVAC system Energy efficiency Numerical simulation a b
Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro
Experimental Investigation on the Operation Performance of a Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning System
A large share of energy consumption is taken by an air-conditioning system. It worsens the electricity load of the power network. Therefore, more and more scholars are paying attention to research on new types of air-conditioning systems...
Liu, J.; Wang, J.; Wu, Z.; Gu, W.; Zhang, G.
Modelica Library for Building Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems
Modelica Library for Building Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems Michael Wetter available Modelica library for building heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The library is based on the Modelica.Fluid library. It has been developed to support research and development
Intelligent Residential Air-Conditioning System with Smart-Grid Functionality
1 Intelligent Residential Air-Conditioning System with Smart-Grid Functionality Auswin George residential air-conditioning (A/C) system controller that has smart grid functionality. The qualifier, conditional on anticipated retail energy prices. The term "smart- grid functionality" means that retail energy
Tesfatsion, Leigh
Modeling the pneumatic subsystem of a S-cam air brake system
The air brake system is one of the critical components in ensuring the safe operation of any commercial vehicle. This work is directed towards the development of a fault-free model of the pneumatic subsystem of the air brake system. This model can...
Coimbatore Subramanian, Shankar
Figure 1. Schematic of initial air pump design Design of Air Pump System Using Bond Graph
, is presented in Figure 1. It is a vibratory pump in which an electromagnetic circuit drives a small permanent magnet attached to a pivoted lever that, in turn, drives a rubber bellows pump. The bellows pump has of the cascaded arrangement of three coupled subsystems: the electromagnetic actuator, the lever, and the air
Fernandez, Thomas
E-Print Network 3.0 - automative air-conditioning systems Sample...
systems Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 PLEASE HELP SAVE ENERGY Learn how to control the heating system for your room. Summary: & SW Heat & air conditioning control Cary E & NE &...
Analysis of the Diagnostic Methods of the Performance Failure of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China Co ntrol Systems for Energy Efficiency and Comfort, Vol. V-5-2 Analysis of the Diagnostic Methods of the Performance Failure of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems Lianyou LI Zhihong ZHANG Yong...
Li, L.; Zhang, Z.; Sun, Y.; Li, D.; Xie, H.
NREL research determines optimal HVAC system design for proper air mixing and thermal comfort in homes.
NREL research determines optimal HVAC system design for proper air mixing and thermal comfort in homes. As U.S. homes become more energy efficient, heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) systems
A model for an under floor air distribution system Y.J.P. Lina,*, P.F. Lindenb
cool air from above. This geometrical design induces entrainment of warm air at the top of the roomA model for an under floor air distribution system Y.J.P. Lina,*, P.F. Lindenb a Energy Abstract We present a simplified model of an underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system consisting
Linden, Paul F.
Measure Guideline: Air Sealing Mechanical Closets in Slab-On-Grade Homes
This measure guideline describes covers two fundamental retrofit strategies for air sealing around air handling systems that are located within the living space in an enclosed closet: one in which all of the equipment is removed and being replaced, and a closet where the equipment is to remain and existing conditions are sealed. It includes the design and installation details necessary to effectively seal the air handler closet and central return system to maximize the efficiency and safety of the space conditioning system.
Dickson, B.
Expert system for the design of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. Master's thesis
Expert systems are computer programs that seek to mimic human reason. An expert system shelf, a software program commonly used for developing expert systems in a relatively short time, was used to develop a prototypical expert system for the design of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. Because HVAC design involves several related knowledge domains, developing an expert system for HVAC design requires the integration of several smaller expert systems known as knowledge bases. A menu program and several auxiliary programs for gathering data, completing calculations, printing project reports, and passing data between the knowledge bases are needed and have been developed to join the separate knowledge bases into one simple-to-use program unit.
Camejo, P.J.
Theoretical Study of a Novel Control Method of VAV Air-conditioning System Based on MATLAB
). If the system can be transformed into linear system by mathematic method, control strategy will be simplified. It is noted that differential geometry theory is applicable to simplify the system described by equation (4). 3. DIFFERENTIABLE HOMEOMORPHI..., stability and other aspects. Key words: VAV; differentiable homeomorphism; nonlinear feedback; simulation 1. INTRODUCTION In order to maintain indoor air temperature at set value, there are two methods in the air-conditioning system. One method...
Shi, Z.; Hu, S.; Wang, G.; Li, A.
Metering Air Compressor Systems for Efficiency: A Progress Report
Air compressors have energy efficiency quantified as SCFM/BHP. However, this efficiency fluctuates over a broad range based on the loading of the compressor. When multiple compressors operate with varying loads, as in a central plant, the overall...
Joseph, B.
Air cooled turbine component having an internal filtration system
A centrifugal particle separator is provided for removing particles such as microscopic dirt or dust particles from the compressed cooling air prior to reaching and cooling the turbine blades or turbine vanes of a turbine engine. The centrifugal particle separator structure has a substantially cylindrical body with an inlet arranged on a periphery of the substantially cylindrical body. Cooling air enters centrifugal particle separator through the separator inlet port having a linear velocity. When the cooling air impinges the substantially cylindrical body, the linear velocity is transformed into a rotational velocity, separating microscopic particles from the cooling air. Microscopic dust particles exit the centrifugal particle separator through a conical outlet and returned to a working medium.
Beeck, Alexander R. (Orlando, FL)
Development of Optimization Tool for Air Conditioning System Operation
Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 Outside air temperature and the absolute air humidity are predicted by the Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model [1],[2]. The solar radiation on a horizontal surface... of the error margin Energy Consumption (set value A) Energy Consumption (set value B) ESL-IC-08-10-55 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 J VAV unit is also operated under...
Sumiyoshi, D.; Akashi, Y.
Oxygen Handling and Cooling Options in High Temperature Electrolysis Plants
Idaho National Laboratory is working on a project to generate hydrogen by high temperature electrolysis (HTE). In such an HTE system, safety precautions need to be taken to handle high temperature oxygen at ~830�C. This report is aimed at addressing oxygen handling in a HTE plant.. Though oxygen itself is not flammable, most engineering material, including many gases and liquids, will burn in the presence of oxygen under some favorable physicochemical conditions. At present, an absolute set of rules does not exist that can cover all aspects of oxygen system design, material selection, and operating practices to avoid subtle hazards related to oxygen. Because most materials, including metals, will burn in an oxygen-enriched environment, hazards are always present when using oxygen. Most materials will ignite in an oxygen-enriched environment at a temperature lower than that in air, and once ignited, combustion rates are greater in the oxygen-enriched environment. Even many metals, if ignited, burn violently in an oxygen-enriched environment. However, these hazards do not preclude the operations and systems involving oxygen. Oxygen can be safely handled and used if all the materials in a system are not flammable in the end-use environment or if ignition sources are identified and controlled. In fact, the incidence of oxygen system fires is reported to be low with a probability of about one in a million. This report is a practical guideline and tutorial for the safe operation and handling of gaseous oxygen in high temperature electrolysis system. The intent is to provide safe, practical guidance that permits the accomplishment of experimental operations at INL, while being restrictive enough to prevent personnel endangerment and to provide reasonable facility protection. Adequate guidelines are provided to govern various aspects of oxygen handling associated with high temperature electrolysis system to generate hydrogen. The intent here is to present acceptable oxygen standards and practices for minimum safety requirements. A summary of operational hazards, along with oxygen safety and emergency procedures, are provided.
Manohar S. Sohal; J. Stephen Herring
Investment-Grade Compressed Air System Audit, Analysis, and Upgrade in a Pulp and Paper Mill
INVESTMENT-GRADE COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM AUDIT, ANALYSIS, AND UPGRADE IN A PULP & PAPER MILL Paresh S. Parekh, P.E. Principal ABSTRACT An investment-grade compressed air audit, analysis, design, and upgrade in an industrial facility requires a..., West Tacoma Division, located in Washington State, had production capability of 540 tons per day of recycle newsprint manufactured from TMP and recycled paper. Over the years, as mill capacity increased, various sizes and types of air compressor...
Parekh, P. S.
Seed Cotton Handling & Storage
Seed Cotton Handling & Storage #12;S.W. Searcy Texas A&M University College Station, Texas M) Lubbock, Texas E.M. Barnes Cotton Incorporated Cary, North Carolina Acknowledgements: Special thanks for the production of this document has been provided by Cotton Incorporated, America's Cotton Producers
Mukhtar, Saqib
Evaluation of an air drilling cuttings containment system
Drilling at hazardous waste sites for environmental remediation or monitoring requires containment of all drilling fluids and cuttings to protect personnel and the environment. At many sites, air drilling techniques have advantages over other drilling methods, requiring effective filtering and containment of the return air/cuttings stream. A study of. current containment methods indicated improvements could be made in the filtering of radionuclides and volatile organic compounds, and in equipment like alarms, instrumentation or pressure safety features. Sandia National Laboratories, Dept. 61 11 Environmental Drilling Projects Group, initiated this work to address these concerns. A look at the industry showed that asbestos abatement equipment could be adapted for containment and filtration of air drilling returns. An industry manufacturer was selected to build a prototype machine. The machine was leased and put through a six-month testing and evaluation period at Sandia National Laboratories. Various materials were vacuumed and filtered with the machine during this time. In addition, it was used in an actual air drive drilling operation. Results of these tests indicate that the vacuum/filter unit will meet or exceed our drilling requirements. This vacuum/filter unit could be employed at a hazardous waste site or any site where drilling operations require cuttings and air containment.
Westmoreland, J.
Supply Fan Control for Constant Air Volume Air Handling Units
there is fixed VFD speed, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 11. On the other hand, the energy consumption is 3,896,493 Btu/hr when there is dynamic VFD speed. The thermal energy consumption of dynamic VFD speed is less than that of the fixed VFD speed by 44... %. Therefore, when the supply fan speed control is optimized, thermal energy can be reduced. Table 1. Comparison data of thermal energy consumption Floor Fixed VFD speed (Btu/hr) Dynamic VFD speed (Btu/hr) Energy saving (%) PLF 784,891 502,611 36...
Cho, Y.; Wang, G.; Liu, M.
Impact of the Variable Refrigerant Volume Air Conditioning System on Building Energy Efficiency
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-3 Impact of the Variable Refrigerant Volume Air Conditioning System on Building Energy Efficiency Huawei Zhu Zhejiang Urban and Rural Planning Design Institute... conditioning system has led to extensive criticism. 2. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND ITS PRESENT APPLICATION ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-3 2...
Zhu, H.
The Coordinated Control of a Central Air Conditioning System Based on Variable Chilled Water Temperature and Variable Chilled Water Flow
At present, regulation of water flow by means of pump frequency conversion is one of the major methods for power-saving in central air conditioning systems. In this article, optimization regulation for central air conditioning system on the basis...
Liu, J.; Mai, Y.; Liu, X.
Economic Analysis and Comparison of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Heating and Air-Conditioning System
Based on the heating and air-conditioning system of a high-rise residential building in Northern city, this paper provides a discussion on the choice and matching of different types of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump (WWRHP) heating and air...
Zhang, C.; Wang, S.; Chen, H.; Shi, Y.
/Cool 144(d) Economizer 144(e) Heat and Cool Air Supply Reset 144(f) Electric Resistance Heating1 144(g) Heat Rejection System §144 (h) Air Cooled Chiller Limitation §144 (i) Duct Leakage Sealing. If Yes, a MECH-4-A must be submitted 144(k) 1. Total installed capacity (MBtu/hr) of all electric heat
Effect of a Radiant Panel Cooling System on Indoor Air Quality of a Conditioned Space
This paper discusses the effect of a radiant cooling panel system on an indoor air quality (IAQ) of a conditioned space. In this study, ceiling radiant cooling panel, mechanical ventilation with fan coil unit (FCU) and 100% fresh air are used...
Mohamed, E.; Abdalla, K. N.
Field measurements of interactions between furnaces and forced air distribution systems
of equipment that provides the heating energy (the furnace, boiler or heat pump) and the method usedLBNL 40587 Field measurements of interactions between furnaces and forced air distribution systems Vol. 104 Part 1 Field measurements of interactions between furnaces and forced air distribution
NGATS ATM-Airportal Project Reference Material (External Release) Next Generation Air Transportation System
NGATS ATM-Airportal Project Reference Material (External Release) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Air Traffic Management (ATM) - Airportal Project Reference Material May 23, 2007 Manager NASA Mike Madson Project Scientist NASA #12;NGATS ATM-Airportal Project Reference Material
THE SCIENCE-POLICYINTERFACE:Using The Entire Scientific Toolbox To Enhance the Air Quality Management System
Quality Management System The preceding chapters demonstrate the significant progress made during the last as an initial step to aid policy makers in designing and evaluating future management strategies. 5.1 THE AIR-QUALITY air-quality management processes, certain elements are common to each. These common elements
Dust in the Earth system: The biogeochemical linking of land, air, and
1 Dust in the Earth system: The biogeochemical linking of land, air, and sea Andy Ridgwell1 of CO2 from the atmosphere. The complex way in which dust biogeochemically links land, air, and sea of atmospheric aerosols. In this review, however, we consider dust to be soil mineral fragments. The entrainment
Kohfeld, Karen
Feedback air-fuel control system for Stirling engines
This patent describes improvement in combination with a Stirling engine having an air-fuel ratio control and an exhaust gas emission outlet. The improvement comprises an oxygen sensor in communication with the exhaust gas emission outlet for generating an output signal representative of the oxygen content in the outlet; a sensor signal conditioning unit for adapting the output signal to a conditioned input signal for a microprocessor; and a microprocessor controlled pilot for adjusting the air-fuel control in response to the control input signal.
Monahan, R.
Want Some Money Back from your Compressed Air System? Check Out These Top 10 Areas to Look
Compressed air is often overlooked in energy studies because many people don't fully understand compressed air equipment, the air system or what it costs to produce compressed air power. For those willing to look and use some good old common sense it is...
Van Ormer, H.
Experimental investigation on performance of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe
An experimental study on operation performance of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe is conducted in this paper. The experimental system of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe is set up. The performance parameters such as the evaporation pressure and the condensation pressure of refrigeration system, the refrigeration capacity and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the system, the IPF (ice packing factor) and the cool storage capacity in the cool storage tank during charging period, and the cool discharge rate and the cool discharge capacity in the cool storage tank, the outlet water temperature in the cool storage tank and the outlet air temperature in room unit during discharging period are investigated. The experimental results show that the ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe can stably work during charging and discharging period. This indicates that the ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe is well adapted to cool storage air-conditioning systems in building. (author)
Fang, Guiyin; Liu, Xu; Wu, Shuangmao [Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
Effects of system cycling, evaporator airflow, and condenser coil fouling on the performance of residential split-system air conditioners
EFFECTS OF SYSTEM CYCLING, EVAPORATOR AIRFLOW, AND CONDENSER COIL FOULING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL SPLIT-SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONERS A Thesis by JEFFREY BRANDON DOOLEY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies... COIL FOULING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RESIDENTIAL SPLIT-SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONERS A Thesis by JEFFREY BRANDON DOOLEY Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER...
Dooley, Jeffrey Brandon
Economic Analysis of a Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System in North China
This paper describes the situation of waste water resource in north China and the characteristics and styles of a waste water resource heat pump system, and analyzes the economic feasibility of a waste water resource heat pump air...
Chen, H.; Li, D.; Dai, X.
Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
makeup. Though they use no water, air-cooling systems have higher capital costs, reduced power output (heat is rejected at a higher temperature), lower power sales due to higher...
Air Distribution and Microenvironment Evaluation of a Desktop Task Conditioning System
Task conditioning aims to provide each occupant with personalized clean air direct to the breathing zone. The microenvironment of a typical office workplace, consisting of two desktop task conditioning systems (a Horizontal Desk Grill (HDG...
Zheng, G.
Avionics and control system development for mid-air rendezvous of two unmanned aerial vehicles
A flight control system was developed to achieve mid-air rendezvous of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a part of the Parent Child Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PCUAV) project at MIT and the Draper Laboratory. A lateral ...
Park, Sanghyuk, 1973-
Analysis of a Retrofitted Thermal Energy Storage Air-conditioning System of a Marine Museum.
??Thermal energy storage(TES) air-conditioning system is a electrical load management technology with great potential to shift load from peak to off-peak utility periods. TES is� (more)
Yu, Po-wen
Complexity within the Air Force acquisition system gaining insight from a theory of collapse
Joseph Tainter's theory of societal collapse is applied in an examination of the U.S. Air Force's aircraft acquisition system in order to gain insight into the enterprise's lagging performance. Theories of collapse at both ...
Marticello, Daniel Nicholas, Jr
E-Print Network 3.0 - air sampling system Sample Search Results
system... in correlation to the air exchange rate and the sampling duration time for an ice rink arena. The theoretical ACH... higher values ( i.e. areas very close to the main...
Energy Comparison Between Conventional and Chilled Water Thermal Storage Air Conditioning Systems
, encouraged by government subsidies and driven by the rapid and continual expansion in building construction, urban development, and the heavy reliance on Air Conditioning (AC) systems for the cooling of buildings. The Chilled Water Thermal Storage (CWTS...
Sebzali, M.; Hussain, H. J.; Ameer, B.
Decentralized robust control-system for a non-square MIMO system, the air-path of a turbocharged Diesel engine
and greenhouse gas pollutants. In this paper, a non-square multivariable controller for the air-path systemDecentralized robust control-system for a non-square MIMO system, the air-path of a turbocharged the performance of the proposed control-system. Keywords: Diesel engine air path, Robust control, CRONE
Direct-Expansion Air-Conditioning System Performance in Low Humidity Applications: A Case Study
DIRECT-EXPANSION AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN LOW HUMIDITY APPLICATIONS: A CASE STUDY MUKESH K. KHATTAR, P.E. DENNIS KEEBAUGH, P.E. Senior Systems Engineer Senior Research Engineer Florida Solar Energy Center Shenandoah Solar Center... warehouse. The flat gravel roof is exposed to sun. The 16' ceiling is insulated with two inch spray foam. Entrance to the warehouse is through sealed and insulated doors located on the west partition wall. The air -conditioning sys tem on this leased...
Khattar, M. K.; Keebaugh, D.
A mathematical model for air brake systems in the presence of leaks
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF LEAKS A Thesis by SRIVATSAN RAMARATHNAM Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE... August 2008 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF LEAKS A Thesis by SRIVATSAN RAMARATHNAM Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment...
Ramaratham, Srivatsan
Engineering Design Example CompressedCompressed--Air System for a Manufacturing PlantAir System for a Manufacturing Plant
*1.35=1900 cfm. · Centrifugal or reciprocating compressor may be chosen (later). From handbooks: P kk /)1 to operate C/A tools: Compressor and piping layoutCompressor and piping layout Air supply circumferentially: · Estimate the load [cfm] based on current and future demand. · Size the compressor(s). · Size the pipes so
Kostic, Milivoje M.
Model Based Commissioning Tool for Air-Conditioning Distribution Systems-APCBC
of VWV System 4. Example of VAV System 5. Conclusions 2 ESL-IC-14-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 ? Energy consumption of air and water distribution in air...-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 1. Issues 2. Simulation Model of Distribution System 3. Example of VWV System 4. Example of VAV System 5. Conclusions 7 ESL-IC-14...
Yoshida, H.; Noda, T.
Promising future energy storage systems: Nanomaterial based systems, Zn-air and electromechanical batteries
Future energy storage systems will require longer shelf life, higher duty cycles, higher efficiency, higher energy and power densities, and be fabricated in an environmentally conscious process. This paper describes several possible future systems which have the potential of providing stored energy for future electric and hybrid vehicles. Three of the systems have their origin in the control of material structure at the molecular level and the subsequent nanoengineering into useful device and components: aerocapacitors, nanostructure multilayer capacitors, and the lithium ion battery. The zinc-air battery is a high energy density battery which can provide vehicles with long range (400 km in autos) and be rapidly refueled with a slurry of zinc particles and electrolyte. The electromechanical battery is a battery-sized module containing a high-speed rotor integrated with an iron-less generator mounted on magnetic bearings and housed in an evacuated chamber.
Koopman, R.; Richardson, J.
2010 Manufacturing Readiness Assessment Update to the 2008 Report for Fuel Cell Stacks and Systems for the Backup Power and Materials Handling Equipment Markets
In 2008, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), conducted a manufacturing readiness assessment (MRA) of fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks for back-up power and material handling applications (MHE). To facilitate the MRA, manufacturing readiness levels (MRL) were defined that were based on the Technology Readiness Levels previously established by the US Department of Energy (DOE). NREL assessed the extensive existing hierarchy of MRLs developed by Department of Defense (DoD) and other Federal entities, and developed a MRL scale adapted to the needs of the Fuel Cell Technologies Program (FCTP) and to the status of the fuel cell industry. The MRL ranking of a fuel cell manufacturing facility increases as the manufacturing capability transitions from laboratory prototype development through Low Rate Initial Production to Full Rate Production. DOE can use MRLs to address the economic and institutional risks associated with a ramp-up in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell production. In 2010, NREL updated this assessment, including additional manufacturers, an assessment of market developments since the original report, and a comparison of MRLs between 2008 and 2010.
Wheeler, D.; Ulsh, M.
Pollution Control in a Manufacturing System Stochastic Models for Analysis and Control of Air Pollution
Pollution Control in a Manufacturing System Stochastic Models for Analysis and Control of Air Pollution in a Manufacturing System Jan, 1, 2005 Technical Report SOPTL-05-01 Missouri University of Science models that can be used for controlling pollution in a manufacturing system. The models are developed
Gosavi, Abhijit
Application of the VRV Air-Conditioning System Heat Recovery Series in Interior Zone and Analysis of its Energy Saving
To reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning systems, we can use the VRV air conditioning system to supply cold loads in the winter for rooms in the construction inner zone where cold loads need to be supplied. The VRV air-conditioning...
Zhang, Q.; Li, D.; Zhang, J.
Modeling and control of an open accumulator Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for wind turbines q
Modeling and control of an open accumulator Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for wind compressed air energy storage. Maximizes energy production, levels load, downsizes electrical parts, meets presents the modeling and control for a novel Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for wind turbines
STUDY OF FROST GROWTH ON HEAT EXCHANGERS USED AS OUTDOOR COILS IN AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS OF FROST GROWTH ON HEAT EXCHANGERS USED AS OUTDOOR COILS IN AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.5.3 Air Side Heat Transfer Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.5.4 Fluid Side Heat
AirTec System Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende NewSowitecAWSAgri-Energy LLCAir Energy GmbH JumpAirTec
Easy Gardening.....Harvesting and Handling Vegetables
Easy Gardening Joseph Masabni, Assistant Professor and Extension Horticulturist, The Texas A&M University System HARVESTING ? HANDLING ? STORING VEGETABLES -1- T ohelpensurethatthevegetables yougrowandprepareareofhigh quality.... Acknowledgments Thispublicationwasrevisedfromearlierversionswrittenby SamCotner,ProfessorEmeritusandformerExtension Horticulturist,andAlWagner,formerProfessorand ExtensionHorticulturist. -6- Produced by AgriLife Communications, The Texas A&M System Extension...
Cotner, Sam; Masabni, Joseph; Wagner, Al
The effect of hardware configuration on the performance of residential air conditioning systems at high outdoor ambient temperatures
A study was performed which investigated the effect of hardware configuration on air conditioning cooling system performance at high outdoor temperatures. The initial phase of the investigation involved the testing of ten residential air...
Bain, Joel Alan
Energy Consumption Measuring and Diagnostic Analysis of Air-conditioning Water System in a Hotel Building in Harbin
This paper introduces an air-conditioning water system in a hotel building in Harbin, finishes its air-conditioning energy consumption measurement in summer conditions, and presents an estimation index of performance of chiller, pump and motor...
Zhao, T.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.
Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 680 Do forced air HVAC systems have a role in healthy homes?
Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 680 Do forced air HVAC systems have a role in healthy-extreme weather conditions. #12;Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2009 Paper 680 Thus, a central forced air
Siegel, Jeffrey
An application of a meteorological data assimilation system to an air quality simulation
The need to calculate air pollutant exposure metrics for longer time periods, i.e., seasonal and annual, has generated a need to conduct long-term simulations using regional-scale Eulerian air quality models. Hourly-resolved meteorological and micro-meteorological fields for an entire year are required as input to the air quality models. In this paper, the authors describe the application of a meteorological data assimilation system to provide high-quality fields to drive a regional air quality model. The process of assimilation blends multiple data sources (large-scale gridded data, surface and upper air observations, satellite imagery, and radar data) into a unified atmospheric representation. The authors have used an assimilation system developed at the Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms at the University of Oklahoma. The modeling domain covers most of North America and 1995 was chosen as the simulation year. The data used in the assimilation include the NCAR/NCEP global reanalysis fields combined with North American surface and radiosonde data. The authors will describe modifications made to the assimilation system to enable estimation of a number of air-quality related quantities not normally calculated, such as Monin-Obhukov length and friction velocity. While the system supports a state-of-the-art three-dimensional cloud and hydrometeor field analysis based on background fields, surface observations, satellite, and radar; a simpler approach was developed in this study to estimate cloud fractional coverage based on the gridded relative humidity values.
Moon, D.; Pai, P.
Air temperature thresholds for indoor comfort and perceived air quality
in the Netherlands, Indoor Air 2, 127 � 136. BuildingPaliaga, G. (2009) Moving air for comfort. ASHRAE Journal,ventilation system on perceived air quality, Indoor Air
Zhang, Hui; Edward, Arens; Pasut, Wilmer
Simulation of energy performance of underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems
system represents a fan coil unit (FCU) system, consistingEnergy use intensity EUI Fan coil unit F CU HVAC electricityarea Fan powered terminal unit (with heating coil) used for
Combined fuel and air staged power generation system
A method and apparatus for generation of electric power employing fuel and air staging in which a first stage gas turbine and a second stage partial oxidation gas turbine power operated in parallel. A first portion of fuel and oxidant are provided to the first stage gas turbine which generates a first portion of electric power and a hot oxidant. A second portion of fuel and oxidant are provided to the second stage partial oxidation gas turbine which generates a second portion of electric power and a hot syngas. The hot oxidant and the hot syngas are provided to a bottoming cycle employing a fuel-fired boiler by which a third portion of electric power is generated.
Rabovitser, Iosif K; Pratapas, John M; Boulanov, Dmitri
Economical Analysis of the Cold Air Distribution System: A Case Study
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-2-1 Economical Analysis of the Cold Air Distribution System: A Case Study Jiancheng Zhao Limin Niu Zhe Zhou Juan Li Professor Postgraduate... and beverage. The 4th storey underground is the garage and goods and materials storehouse partly which is for people's air defense in wartime, the 3rd ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-2-1 storey underground...
Zhou, Z.; Xu, W.; Li, J.; Zhao, J.; Niu, L.
Energy Performance Comparison of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems for Multi-Family Residential Buildings
The type of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system has a large impact on the heating and cooling energy consumption in multifamily residential buildings. This paper compares the energy performance of three HVAC systems: a direct expansion (DX) split system, a split air source heat pump (ASHP) system, and a closed-loop water source heat pump (WSHP) system with a boiler and an evaporative fluid cooler as the central heating and cooling source. All three systems use gas furnace for heating or heating backup. The comparison is made in a number of scenarios including different climate conditions, system operation schemes and applicable building codes. It is found that with the minimum code-compliant equipment efficiency, ASHP performs the best among all scenarios except in extremely code climates. WSHP tends to perform better than the split DX system in cold climates but worse in hot climates.
Wang, Weimin; Zhang, Jian; Jiang, Wei; Liu, Bing
Dynamics of Low-Pressure and High-Pressure Fuel Cell Air Supply System1
comparing the low pressure system with the high- pressure system equipped with a high-speed compressor pressure of the FC that is defined as the pressure at which the reactant hydrogen and oxygen (air) are delivered to the FC stack flow fields. In the case of stored compressed hydrogen the pressure of the cathode
Peng, Huei
Recovering Energy with a Compressed Air System Program
but represent 26% of savings opportunity. ? Work that involves removal of instruments, instrument tubing or piping must be leak checked after system is re-energized. ? Equipment, systems and components can wear, so they must be leak checked with some routine...
Nipper, J.
Research Statement of Hamsa Balakrishnan The air transportation system is a complex, global system that transports over 2.1 billion
is important because of the high costs of delays and pollution today, as well as the projected doubling in airResearch Statement of Hamsa Balakrishnan The air transportation system is a complex, global system that transports over 2.1 billion passengers each year. Air traffic delays have become a huge problem
Gummadi, Ramakrishna
Research Statement of Hamsa Balakrishnan The air transportation system is a large, complex, global system that transports over 2.1 billion
Research Statement of Hamsa Balakrishnan The air transportation system is a large, complex, global system that transports over 2.1 billion passengers each year. Air traffic delays have become a huge to the Joint Economic Committee of the US Senate, domestic air traffic delays in 2007 cost airlines over $19
Predictability of European air quality: Assessment of 3 years of operational forecasts and analyses by the PREV'AIR system
- ments are still needed to manage and control the impacts of air pollution on health. [3] Facing, is proved to improve ozone forecasts, especially when photochemical pollution episodes occur. The PREV'AIR and laws regarding the pollutants of utmost importance in relation to human health, air pollution is still
Menut, Laurent
Method and apparatus for operating a self-starting air heating system
A self-starting, fuel fired, air heating system including a fuel burner fired vapor generator, a turbine, and a condenser connected in a closed circuit such that the vapor output from the vapor generator is conducted to the turbine and then to the condenser where it is condensed for return to the vapor generator. The turbine drives an air blower which passes air over the condenser for cooling the condenser and heating the air. Also, a condensate pump is driven by the turbine. The disclosure is particularly concerned with a method and apparatus which on start-up prevents the vapor generator's vapor output from being conducted to the turbine until a predetermined pressure differential has been achieved. However, after the vapor flow is once permitted, it cannot again be prevented until after the fuel burner has been shut off and restarted.
Heinrich, Charles E. (Mentor, OH)
Abstract--A novel compressed air energy storage system for wind turbine is proposed. It captures excess power prior to
Abstract-- A novel compressed air energy storage system for wind turbine is proposed. It captures instead of supply. Energy is stored in a high pressure dual chamber liquid-compressed air storage vessel components can be downsized for demand instead of supply. A novel Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES
Controlled air injection for a fuel cell system
A method and apparatus for injecting oxygen into a fuel cell reformate stream to reduce the level of carbon monoxide while preserving the level of hydrogen in a fuel cell system.
Fronk, Matthew H. (Honeove Falls, NY)
Cooling load differences between radiant and air systems
radiant heat transfer for cooling load calculation.heat gain is well recognized by cooling load calculationload calculation approach for radiant systems, Corgnati [17] also tackled the direct radiant heat
Feng, Jingjuan Dove; Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred
Computation of Slow Invariant Manifolds for Hydrogen-Air Systems
� Summary #12;Introduction Motivation and background � Detailed kinetics are essential for accurate modeling systems � ILDM, CSP, and ICE-PIC are approximations of the reaction slow invariant manifold. � MEPT
Hydrazine engine start system air start performance and controls sizing
Hydrazine has been used as an energy source in many applications to fuel in-flight main engine starting. In a current application, an existing hydrazine engine start system (ESS) design was adapted to meet new fuel control requirements. This paper presents a brief system description, historical context, and the motivating factors for the hydrazine controls changes and three case studies of controls design and analysis from the ESS program. 4 refs.
Johnson, A.T.
A comparative assessment of alternative combustion turbine inlet air cooling system
Interest in combustion turbine inlet air cooling (CTAC) has increased during the last few years as electric utilities face increasing demand for peak power. Inlet air cooling increases the generating capacity and decreases the heat rate of a combustion turbine during hot weather when the demand for electricity is generally the greatest. Several CTAC systems have been installed, but the general applicability of the concept and the preference for specific concepts is still being debated. Concurrently, Rocky Research of Boulder City, Nevada has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to conduct research on complex compound (ammoniated salt) chiller systems for low-temperature refrigeration applications.
Brown, D.R.; Katipamula, S.; Konynenbelt, J.H.
Impact analysis of a flexible air transportation system
-OR), School of Architecture, Civil and Envi- ronmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale de)1 . Consequently, sustainability of current transportation systems is threat- ened by increased energy consumption, re- sulting in frequent congestion and delays. The trade-off between the sustainability
Bierlaire, Michel
A diagnostic system for air brakes in commercial vehicles
to maintenance and hence they require frequent inspections. Current inspection techniques require an inspector to go underneath a vehicle to check the brake system for possible faults, such as leaks, worn brake pads, out-of-adjustment of push rods, etc...
Coimbatore Subramanian, Shankar Ram
Alternate Air Delivery Systems for Hot and Humid Climates
Carter & Burgess first began using triple deck multi-zone units, in place of traditional VAV systems, on the Texas State Capitol restoration. Since the completion of that project design in early 1991, our firm has now used triple deck multi...
Wallace, M.
A Wireless Differential Protection System for Air-Core Inductors
of these medium voltage (MV) inductors is relatively simple by comparison where most are typically designed as dry-type, Inductors, Transformers, Communication systems. I. Introduction Distributed capacitance in AC transmission inductors on the tertiary side of a step-down transformer or auto- transformer [2]. The construction
Brown III, Donald R.
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems
The objective of this study is to develop standardized air blown fixed bed gasification hot gas cleanup integrated gasifier combined cycle (IGCC) systems.
Sadowski, R.S.; Brown, M.J.; Hester, J.C.; Harriz, J.T.; Ritz, G.J.
Optimized Fan Control In Variable Air Volume HVAC Systems Using Static Pressure Resets: Strategy Selection and Savings Analysis.
??The potential of static pressure reset (SPR) control to save fan energy in variable air volume HVAC systems has been well documented. Current research has� (more)
Kimla, John
Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System Selection for Hot & Humid Climates
Capacity at Part-Load Conditions In 1996, Henderson and Rengarajan4 published a method for modeling the latent capacity degradation of DX equipment with constant blower operation. This latent degradation model provided critical information need... to match the moisture removal capacity of the selected system to the moisture load. However, the model required an iterative solution and knowledge of equipment parameters that were not readily available during design. In 1998, Henderson published a...
Browning, B. K.
Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Data Management System
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The DOE Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER) is responsible for four "core" FACE sites and projects. These are known as Aspen FACE, Duke FACE, ORNL FACE, and Nevada Deseret FACE. Brookhaven provides operational support to some of these sites, while The FACE Data Management System at ORNL and CDIAC serves as a data repository. In addition, DOE supports OTC experiments in conjunction with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) in Maryland and Florida. There are also FACE experiments ongoing in other countries. [Quoted from the home page of the FACE Data Management System and other pages within the web site.] The FACE Data Management System at ORNL provides links to all the FACE and SERC sites and to the data (both the data archived at CDIAC and data still residing on site-specific pages). Users are also given in-depth information on the concept, provided with a full, linked list of international projects, and guided to related research. The FACE projects were part of the CO2 research network fostered by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Results from the experiment contribute to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Atmospheric and Climatic Change (TERACC) project, a 5-year initiative integrating experimental data and global change modeling.
zones. Variable-speed fan coil units ( FCU) supply air tounit (AHU) including an economizer, chilled water cooling coil, hot water heating coil and supply fan.
a comparison of room cooling load and supply air to roomtemperatures, cooling load profiles, supply airflow rate,water cooling coil, hot water heating coil and supply fan.
Building Pressure Control in VAV System with Relief Air Fan
, recently, Wang and Liu developed a motor power based fan airflow station., which determines the fan airflow using the measured fan motor power, the fan speed or control system command to VFD, and the in-situ fan motor power curve. Since the fan power... power can be obtained directly from VFD [5]. The motor power based fan airflow station method can be applied to the fan-tracking to perform a better building pressurization. The theory of the motor power based fan airflow station can be referred...
Pang, X.; Liu, M.; Zheng, B.
Three-wheel air turbocompressor for PEM fuel cell systems
A fuel cell system comprises a compressor and a fuel processor downstream of the compressor. A fuel cell stack is in communication with the fuel processor and compressor. A combustor is downstream of the fuel cell stack. First and second turbines are downstream of the fuel processor and in parallel flow communication with one another. A distribution valve is in communication with the first and second turbines. The first and second turbines are mechanically engaged to the compressor. A bypass valve is intermediate the compressor and the second turbine, with the bypass valve enabling a compressed gas from the compressor to bypass the fuel processor.
Rehg, Tim; Gee, Mark; Emerson, Terence P.; Ferrall, Joe; Sokolov, Pavel
In Phase IIA of this project, CeraMem has further developed and scaled up ceramic HEPA filters that are appropriate for use on filtration of vent gas from HLW tanks at DOE sites around the country. This work included procuring recrystallized SiC monoliths, developing membrane and cement materials, and defining a manufacturing process for the production of prototype full sizes HEPA filters. CeraMem has demonstrated that prototype full size filters can be manufactured by producing 9 full size filters that passed DOP aerosol testing at the Oak Ridge Filter Test Facility. One of these filters was supplied to the Savannah River Technical Center (SRTC) for process tests using simulated HLW tank waste. SRTC has reported that the filter was regenerable (with some increase in pressure drop) and that the filter retained its HEPA retention capability. CeraMem has also developed a Regenerable HEPA Filter System (RHFS) design and acceptance test plan that was reviewed by DOE personnel. The design and acceptance test plan form the basis of the system proposal for follow-on work in Phase IIB of this project.
Bruce Bishop; Robert Goldsmith; Karsten Nielsen; Phillip Paquette
Duct System Flammability and Air Sealing Fire Separation Assemblies in the International Residential Code
IBACOS identified two barriers that limit the ability of builders to cost-effectively achieve higher energy efficiency levels in housing. These are (1) the use of duct system materials that inherently achieve airtightness and are appropriately sized for low-load houses and (2) the ability to air seal fire separation assemblies. The issues identified fall into a gray area of the codes.
Rudd, A.; Prahl, D.
Mechanical Air Distribution Interactions with the House System in Hot and Humid Climates
and the resulting air flows that are occurring in our homes. These powerful driving forces or pressures are caused by the fans in HVAC systems and venting appliances. Other contributory factors are today's tight building envelopes. door closure and badly leaking...
Garrett, D. A.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of the Combined Evaporative Cooling and Radiant Ceiling Air-conditioning System
, and the ceiling cooling system deals with the other part of sensible loads in the air-conditioned zone, so that the condensation on radiant panels and the insufficiency of cooling capacity can be avoided. The cooling water at 18? used in the cooling coils...
Xiang, H.; Yinming, L.; Junmei, W.
MAQS: A Personalized Mobile Sensing System for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
quality (IAQ) influences human health, safety, productivity, and comfort. This paper describes MAQS, a personalized mobile sensing system for IAQ monitoring. In contrast with existing stationary or out- door air personalized IAQ information. To improve accuracy and energy efficiency, MAQS incorporates three novel
Dick, Robert
Smart Operations of Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems in Government Buildings for Peak Power Reduction
During the summer 2007 smart operation strategies for air-conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems were developed and tested in a number of governmental buildings in Kuwait as one of the solutions to reduce the national peak demand for electrical...
Al-Hadban, Y.; Maheshwari, G. P.; Al-Nakib, D.; Al-Mulla, A.; Alasseri, R.
Operating Experience Level 3, Losing Control: Material Handling Dangers
This Operating Experience Level 3 (OE-3) document provides information about the dangers inherent in material handling and the role hazard analysis, work planning, and walkdowns can play in preventing injuries during heavy equipment moves. More than 200 material handling events reported to the Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS) from January 1, 2010, through August 31, 2014.
How to Substantially Reduce the Biggest Energy Wasters in Compressed Air Systems
will vary from $2,190 per year to vortex type to $438 per year top heated pipe. A full treatment of the subject is available in the book ENERGY SAVINGS IN COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS, authored by Hank van Ormer, Air Power USA Inc. As much as 75% to 80...% energy savings are available by prudent selection and application of cabinet coolers. OPEN BLOWS Open blows in various material moving processes offer exceptional energy conservation opportunities Often times we find 1/4" open tubes blowing...
Consideration of air jet angle in open surface tank push-pull ventilation system design
CONSIDERATION OF AIR JET ANGLE IN OPEN SURFACE TANK PUSH-PULL VENTILATION SYSTEM DESIGN A Thesis by WAI-HUNG DAVID CHAN Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree o... MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1983 Major Subjeot: Industrial Hygiene CONSIDERATION OF AIR JET ANGLE IN OPEN SURFACE TANK PUSH-PULL VENTILATION STSTEM DESIGN A Thesis by WAI-HUNG DAVID CHAN Approved as to style and content by: (C an of mmittee) J. Suggs...
Chan, Wai-Hung David
Monitored Performance of an Office Building with an Under-floor Air Distribution System
- conditioning equipment was assessed and energy and ventilation improvements suggested. The building was found to fall within good practice and standard practice for energy usage in air-conditioned commercial office buildings for the United Kingdom.... However, if not installed or designed properly, these systems can use as much or more energy than a conventional HVAC system. The results of long-term monitoring and short-term measurements in a commercial office building with a UFAD are presented...
Walker, C.; Norford, L.
Simplified calculation method for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide, Americanfor design cooling loads in Underfloor Air Distribution (for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (
Schiavon, Stefano; Lee, Kwang Ho; Bauman, Fred; Webster, Tom
Development of a simplified cooling load design tool for underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems.
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide, Atlanta:application and design of underfloor air distributionfor design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta:to design and operate underfloor air distribution (UFAD)DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION (
Contact-Handled and Remote-Handled Transuranic Waste Packaging
Broader source: Directives, Delegations, and Requirements [Office of Management (MA)]
Provides specific instructions for packaging and/or repackaging contact-handled transuranic (CH-TRU) and remote-handled transuranic (RH-TRU) waste in a manner consistent with DOE O 435.1, Radioactive Waste Management, DOE M 435.1-1 Chg 1, Radioactive Waste Management Manual, CH-TRU and RH-TRU waste transportation requirements, and Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) programmatic requirements. Does not cancel other directives.
Energy Consumption Simulation and Analysis of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in Wuhan by the BIN Method
to simulate the annual energy consumption of groundwater heat pump systems (GWHPS) for an office building in Wuhan. Its annual energy consumption was obtained and compared with the partner of the air source heat pump systems (ASHPS). The results show...
Wen, Y.; Zhao, F.
Assuring safety through operational approval : challenges in assessing and approving the safety of systems-level changes in air transportation
To improve capacity and efficiency of the air transportation system, a number of new systems-level changes have been proposed. Key aspects of the proposed changes are combined functionality across technology and procedures ...
Weibel, Roland E. (Roland Everett)
Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Fall 2011 Mining Media Handling Project
Project Overview Metso wants to develop a media handling solution (machinery and/or process) to enhance that optimizes media discharge, recharge and liner maintenance procedures in accordance with the handling system
Demirel, Melik C.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air flow system Sample Search Results
is a vent for receiving the air curtain flow. The air curtain... not properly capture the air curtain flow, resulting in entrainment of the air curtain flow into the cabin... ......
A Method for Simulating Heat Recovery Systems Using AirModel in Implementations of the ASHRAE Simplified Energy Analysis Procedure
exchanger to verify the return air ratio. In this comparison, the recovered energy from the return air was equalized with the heat transfer of the heat exchanger model. An example of this methodology was used to simulate the HVAC system with a heat... to be measured for further investigation to verify the AirModel simulation. This method can be applied in Energy Plus and other simulation tools/software to simulate the building exhaust energy recovery. Acknowledgements The work of this paper...
Liu, C.; Zeig, M.; Claridge, D. E.; Wei, G.; Bruner, H.; Turner, W. D.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air filters Sample Search Results
Summary: , water treatment equipment, elevators (electric and hydraulic), sewer lift pumps, filter servicing in air... lift pumps, filter servicing in air-handling units and...
Integrated Air Pollution Control System (IAPCS), Executable Model (Version 4. 0) (for microcomputers). Model-Simulation
The Integrated Air Pollution Control System (IAPCS) Cost Model is an IBM PC cost model that can be used to estimate the cost of installing SO2, NOx, and particulate matter control systems at coal-fired utility electric generating facilities. The model integrates various combinations of the following technologies: physical coal cleaning, coal switching, overfire air/low NOx burners, natural gas reburning, LIMB, ADVACATE, electrostatic precipitator, fabric filter, gas conditioning, wet lime or limestone FGD, lime spray drying/duct spray drying, dry sorbent injection, pressurized fluidized bed combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle, and pulverized coal burning boiler. The model generates capital, annualized, and unitized pollutant removal costs in either constant or current dollars for any year.
LiCl Dehumidifier LiBr absorption chiller hybrid air conditioning system with energy recovery
This invention relates to a hybrid air conditioning system that combines a solar powered LiCl dehumidifier with a LiBr absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier removes the latent load by absorbing moisture from the air, and the sensible load is removed by the absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier is coupled to a regenerator and the desiccant in the regenerator is heated by solar heated hot water to drive the moisture therefrom before being fed back to the dehumidifier. The heat of vaporization expended in the desiccant regenerator is recovered and used to partially preheat the driving fluid of the absorption chiller, thus substantially improving the overall COP of the hybrid system.
Ko, Suk M. (Huntsville, AL)
Cascade Reverse Osmosis Air Conditioning System: Cascade Reverse Osmosis and the Absorption Osmosis Cycle
BEETIT Project: Battelle is developing a new air conditioning system that uses a cascade reverse osmosis (RO)-based absorption cycle. Analyses show that this new cycle can be as much as 60% more efficient than vapor compression, which is used in 90% of air conditioners. Traditional vapor-compression systems use polluting liquids for a cooling effect. Absorption cycles use benign refrigerants such as water, which is absorbed in a salt solution and pumped as liquid�replacing compression of vapor. The refrigerant is subsequently separated from absorbing salt using heat for re-use in the cooling cycle. Battelle is replacing thermal separation of refrigerant with a more efficient reverse osmosis process. Research has shown that the cycle is possible, but further investment will be needed to reduce the number of cascade reverse osmosis stages and therefore cost.
Modeling the Air Flow in the 3410 Building Filtered Exhaust Stack System
Additional ventilation capacity has been designed for the 3410 Building filtered exhaust stack system. The updated system will increase the number of fans from two to three and will include ductwork to incorporate the new fan into the existing stack. Stack operations will involve running various two-fan combinations at any given time. The air monitoring system of the existing two-fan stack was previously found to be in compliance with the ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999 standard, however it is not known if the modified (three-fan) system will comply. Subsequently, a full-scale three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the modified stack system has been created to examine the sampling location for compliance with the standard. The CFD modeling results show good agreement with testing data collected from the existing 3410 Building stack and suggest that velocity uniformity and flow angles will remain well within acceptance criteria when the third fan and associated ductwork is installed. This includes two-fan flow rates up to 31,840 cfm for any of the two-fan combinations. For simulation cases in which tracer gas and particles are introduced in the main duct, the model predicts that both particle and tracer gas coefficients of variance (COVs) may be larger than the acceptable 20 percent criterion of the ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999 standard for each of the two-fan, 31,840 cfm combinations. Simulations in which the tracers are introduced near the fans result in improved, though marginally acceptable, COV values for the tracers. Due to the remaining uncertainty that the stack will qualify with the addition of the third fan and high flow rates, a stationary air blender from Blender Products, Inc. is considered for inclusion in the stack system. A model of the air blender has been developed and incorporated into the CFD model. Simulation results from the CFD model that includes the air blender show striking improvements in tracer gas mixing and tracer particle dispersion. The results of these simulations suggest the air blender should be included in the stack system to ensure qualification of the stack.
Recknagle, Kurtis P.; Barnett, J. M.; Suffield, Sarah R.
Identification of the Flow Resistance Coefficient and Validation of a Building Air Conditioning System
for HRC estimation is investigated in this paper. And some conclusions can be got as follows: 1) The MGO method is applicable for S value identification. The method is based on the principle for multi goal optimization. The process can be widely used...ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency, Vol. IV-11-2 Zhijian Hou Identification of the Flow Resistance Coefficient and Validation of a Building Air Conditioning System Zhiwei Lian...
Hou, Z.; Lian, Z.
Variable Speed Drive Volumetric Tracking (VSDVT) for Airflow Control in Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
Volume Systems.? Proceedings of ACEEE 1994 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 5, pp. 219-223. 3. Liu M., Zhu Y., Claridge D.E., and White E., 1997. ?Impact of Static Pressure Set Level on HVAC Energy Consumption and Indoor... developed to ensure the air delivery to each space or zone. These methods include the static pressure control method and the damper position control method. The static pressure control method maintains a sufficient static pressure in the main duct...
Liu, M.
Improving Energy Efficiency in Pharmaceutical ManufacturingOperations -- Part I: Motors, Drives and Compressed Air Systems
In Part I of this two-part series, we focus on efficient use of motors, drives and pumps, both for process equipment and compressed air systems. Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants in the U.S. spend nearly $1 billion each year for the fuel and electricity they need to keep their facilities running (Figure 1, below). That total that can increase dramatically when fuel supplies tighten and oil prices rise, as they did last year. Improving energy efficiency should be a strategic goal for any plant manager or manufacturing professional working in the drug industry today. Not only can energy efficiency reduce overall manufacturing costs, it usually reduces environmental emissions, establishing a strong foundation for a corporate greenhouse-gas-management program. For most pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is typically the largest consumer of energy, as shown in Table 1 below. This two-part series will examine energy use within pharmaceutical facilities, summarize best practices and examine potential savings and return on investment. In this first article, we will focus on efficient use of motors, drives and pumps, both for process equipment and compressed air systems. Part 2, to be published in May, will focus on overall HVAC systems, building management and boilers.
Galitsky, Christina; Chang, Sheng-chien; Worrell, Ernst; Masanet,Eric
New Automotive Air Conditioning System Simulation Tool Developed in MATLAB/Simulink
Further improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency require accurate evaluation of the vehicle's transient total power requirement. When operated, the air conditioning (A/C) system is the largest auxiliary load on a vehicle; therefore, accurate evaluation of the load it places on the vehicle's engine and/or energy storage system is especially important. Vehicle simulation software, such as 'Autonomie,' has been used by OEMs to evaluate vehicles' energy performance. A transient A/C simulation tool incorporated into vehicle simulation models would also provide a tool for developing more efficient A/C systems through a thorough consideration of the transient A/C system performance. The dynamic system simulation software Matlab/Simulink was used to develop new and more efficient vehicle energy system controls. The various modeling methods used for the new simulation tool are described in detail. Comparison with measured data is provided to demonstrate the validity of the model.
Kiss, T.; Chaney, L.; Meyer, J.
Compressed Air Systems Optimized: What Do You Really Need and How to Get It at the Lowest Total Cost
it in the field. We discuss all the proven supply side optimization strategies with real examples and results. ISO air quality standards are discussed and how their interpretation impacts the cost of operating compressed air systems. We offer best practice methods...
McAuley, J. G.; McAuley, J.
Revenue Maximization of Electricity Generation for a Wind Turbine Integrated with a Compressed Air Energy Storage System
controller is developed for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system integrated with a wind turbine storage vessel. The storage vessel contains both liquid and compressed air at the same pressure. Energy significant reduction in generation costs. Among all different types of energy storage approaches, compressed
The Explorationon the Energy Saving Potential of an Innovative Dual-temperature Air Conditioner and the Mechanism of the Theoretical Mixed Refrigeration Cycl
The Exploration on the Energy Saving Potential of an Innovative Dual-temperature Air Conditioner and the Mechanism of the Theoretical Mixed Refrigeration Cycle Zhao Lei, Zhao Xijin, Hu Andu Professor, graduate student, graduate student...-temperature air conditioning system and its corresponding theoretical mixed refrigeration cycle are proposed. This consists of a separate air handling unit and a metal radiation panel as the dual-temperature evaporators, a compressor, a condenser, two thermal...
Zhao,L.; Zhao,X.; Hu,A.
Optimize the Supply Air Temperature Reset Schedule for a Single-Duct VAV System
air temperature. However, resetting the supply air temperature not only impacts the cooling and heating energy consumption, but also the fan power consumption. If reset improperly, it may cause indoor air humidity problems or result in a fan power...
Wei, G.; Claridge, D. E.; Liu, M.
Field Measurements of Efficiency and Duct Effectiveness in Residential Forced Air Distributions Systems
power for air conditioning, heat pumps and electricwith 13 air conditioners, eight heat pumps (one house hadPre Post * A C : air conditioning, HP : heat pump, GF : gas
Jump, D.A.
Experimental investigation on the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system on water-heating mode
An experimental study on operation performance of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was conducted in this paper. The experimental system of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was set up. The performance parameters such as the evaporation pressure, the condensation pressure and the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump air-conditioning system, the water temperature and receiving heat capacity in water heater, the photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and the photovoltaic efficiency were investigated. The experimental results show that the mean photovoltaic efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar heat pump air-conditioning system reaches 10.4%, and can improve 23.8% in comparison with that of the conventional photovoltaic module, the mean COP of heat pump air-conditioning system may attain 2.88 and the water temperature in water heater can increase to 42 C. These results indicate that the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system has better performances and can stably work. (author)
Fang, Guiyin; Hu, Hainan; Liu, Xu [Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
Energy Conservation and Comfort of Heat Pump Desiccant Air Conditioning System in Actual Living Space in Summer
Energy Conservation and Comfort of Heat Pump Desiccant Air Conditioning System in Actual Living and total heat exchanger in terms of both energy conservation and thermal comfort in summer. 1. COP
Miyashita, Yasushi
Experimental Research and Performance Analysis of a Solar-Powered Air-conditioning System in a Green Building
Based on the green building of the Shanghai Institute of Architectural Science, a solar-powered adsorption air-conditioning system was designed. The operational performance under a typical operating mode in summer was studied, which includes...
Zhai, X.; Wang, R.; Dai, Y.; Wu, J.
Longevity of Duct Tape in Residential Air Distribution Systems: 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D Joints
This paper addresses the effectiveness of using duct tape in sealing residential air distribution systems through two laboratory longevity tests. The first test involved the aging of common �core-to-collar joints� of flexible duct to sheet metal...
Abushakra, B.
Dal-Tile: Optimized Compressed Air System Improves Performance and Saves Energy at a Tile Manufacturing Plant
This DOE Industrial Technologies Program case study describes the significant energy and costs savings resulting from compressed air system improvements at Dal-Tile, a Texas tile manufacturing plant.
Smart Operations of Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems in a Government Buildings for Peak Power Reduction
This paper presents the achievements of implementing smart operations strategies for air-conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems in Justice Palace Complex (JPC), Kuwait during the summer 2007. The peak load of this building was 3700 k...
Evaluation of air pollution abatement systems for multiple-hearth sewage sludge incinerators
Capital and annual costs were calculated for the application of six different air-pollution-control system options to municipal sewage-sludge incinerators that were using multiple-hearth furnaces. The systems involved three principal types of air-pollution equipment - wet scrubbers, fabric filters, and electrostatic precipitators - applied to three different plant sizes (plants incinerating 36, 72, and 300 tons of dry sludge per day in one, two, and eight multiple-hearth furnaces, respectively). The six options were: (1) venturi/tray scrubber with a 40-inch pressure drop, (2) fabric filter system operating at 500 deg and equipped with an upstream temperature control, (3) fabric filter system operating at 500 deg and equipped with a heat exchanger and a scrubber for SO/sub 2/ reduction, (4) electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with upstream limited temperature and humidity control, (5) same as Option 4 but with an additional downstream wet scrubber for SO/sub 2/ reduction, and (6) ESP with upstream temperature control and an SO/sub 2/ scrubber. Technical feasibility studies indicated that all three types of controls could achieve a total particulate removal efficiency of 99 percent. The venturi/tray scrubber option entailed the lowest capital cost, but annual operating costs were highest because of the high pressure drops and increased energy use.
Annamraju, G.; Gerstle, R.W.; Shah, Y.M.; Arora, M.L.
The effect of respiration heat of sorghum grain on the design of conditioned-air storage systems
THE EFFECT OF RESPIRATION HEAT OF SORGHUM GRAIN ON THE DESIGN OF CONDITIONED-AIR STORAGE SYSTEMS A Thesis by DANEL GENE HAILE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AIM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1967 Major Subject: Agricultural Engineering THE EFFECT OF RESPIRATION HEAT OF SORGHUM GRAIN ON THE DESIGN OF CONDITIONED-AIR STORAGE SYSTEMS A Thesis by DANEL GENE HAILE Approved as to style and content by: C airman...
Haile, Danel Gene
Development of solar air heaters & thermal energy storage system for drying applications in food processing industries.
??In the present work, the author has designed and developed all types of solar air heaters called porous and nonporous collectors. The developed solar air� (more)
Sreekumar, A
E-Print Network 3.0 - air monitoring system Sample Search Results
Trent University Environmental and Resource Studies Program Summary: Chemistry 2 Sep. 22 Air Pollution Overview The Atmosphere Air Quality Monitoring Networks 1 3 Sep. 29......
E-Print Network 3.0 - air void system Sample Search Results
served by varying air flow rates. Using visual observation and Figure 2 Test section for void fraction... - phase combinations of air and three different liquids (Table 7). The...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air force systems Sample Search Results
to be a likely driving force... ; these forces may also have been contributing to entrainment of fume hood air into the general room exhaust. 12;... indoor air quality...
Materials shall be stored in a manner that allows easy identification and access to labels, identification entering storage areas. All persons shall be in a safe position while materials are being loadedEM 385-1-1 XX Jun 13 14-1 SECTION 14 MATERIAL HANDLING, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL 14.A MATERIAL
US Army Corps of Engineers
Nondestructive assay and nondestructive examination of remote-handled transuranic waste at the ORNL waste handling and packaging plant
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the use of an electron linear accelerator (LINAC) in the performance of nondestructive assay (NDA) and nondestructive examination (NDE) measurements of remote-handled transuranic wastes. The system will be used to perform waste characterization and certification activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's proposed Waste Handling and Packaging Plant. The NDA and NDE technologies which were developed for contact-handled wastes are inadequate to perform such measurements on high gamma and neutron dose-rate wastes. A single LINAC will provide the interrogating fluxes required for both NDA and NDE measurements of the wastes. 11 refs., 6 figs.
Schultz, F.J.; Caldwell, J.T. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA); Pajarito Scientific Corp. (USA))
Selection of Light Duty Truck Engine Air Systems Using Virtual Lab Tests
An integrated development approach using seasoned engine technology methodologies, virtual lab parametric investigations, and selected hardware verification tests reflects today's state-of-the-art R&D trends. This presentation will outline such a strategy. The use of this ''Wired'' approach results in substantial reduction in the development cycle time and hardware iterations. An example showing the virtual lab application for a viable design of the air-exhaust-turbocharger system of a light duty truck engine for personal transportation will be presented.
Zhang, Houshun
A prototype system for detecting the radio-frequency pulse associated with cosmic ray air showers
The development of a system to detect the radio-frequency (RF) pulse associated with extensive air showers of cosmic rays is described. This work was performed at the CASA/MIA array in Utah, with the intention of designing equipment that can be used in conjunction with the Auger Giant Array. A small subset of data (less than 40 out of a total of 600 hours of running time), taken under low-noise conditions, permitted upper limits to be placed on the rate for pulses accompanying showers of energies around $10^{17}$ eV.
Green, K; Suprun, D A; Wilkerson, J F; Green, Kevin; Rosner, Jonathan L.; Suprun, Denis A.
Kevin Green; Jonathan L. Rosner; Denis A. Suprun; J. F. Wilkerson
Hvac systems as a tool in controlling indoor air quality: A literature review. Final report, May-August 1993
The report gives results of a review of literature on the use of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to control indoor air quality (IAQ). One conclusion of the review is that HVAC systems very often contribute to the indoor air pollution because of (1) poor system maintenance, (2) overcrowding or the introduction of new pollution-generating sources with buildings, and (3) the location of outdoor air near ambient pollution sources. Another conclusion is that failure to trade off between energy conservation and employee productivity may result in increased IAQ problems. The report contents are based on literature survey covering the years 1988 through 1993, involving 60 references, 32 of which are cited in the report.
Samfield, M.M.
ENSC 461 PROJECT: Next generation air conditioning systems for vehicles Assigned date: Feb. 21, 2011 Due date: April 11, 2011
to significant power consumption of vapour-compression systems, finding a new "green" refrigerant is another vehicles (HEVs), as it is the second most energy consuming system after the electric motor. Further, HVAC air conditioning systems used in the automotive industry are based on vapour-compression refrigeration
Bahrami, Majid
Design and Control of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Systems using Methanol Reformers with Air or Liquid Heat Integration
Design and Control of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Systems using Methanol Reformers with Air PEM fuel cell systems fuelled by steam reformed methanol. Various fuel cell system solutions exist, they mainly differ depending on the desired fuel used. High temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells offer
Berning, Torsten
Implementation of Smart Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems for Ministries Complex in the State of Kuwait
The smart operation strategies were implemented for Air-Conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems to reduce the national load at Ministries Complex (MC) in the state of Kuwait. The A/C system in MC is a district cooling system that comprises of 8...
Al-Mulla, A.; Maheshwari, G. P.; Al-Nakib, D.; Ishaqali, H.
Performance of Supply Airflow Entrainment for Particles in an Underfloor Air Distribution System
air measurement campaign in Helsinki, Finland 1999?the effect of outdoor air pollution on indoor air. Atmospheric Environment [J].2001;35: 1465?77. [6] C.Y.H. Chao, M.P. Wan. Airflow and air temperature distribution in the occupied region...
Li, C.; Li, N.
Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by a Sensor System, the European Project SysPAQ
as it is perceived by humans to be used as a control device for indoor air quality. KEYWORDS Perceived air quality;because of the unmatched sensitivity to many odorous indoor air pollutants. One of the reasons indoor air pollutants that trigger human sensory response. The SysPAQ project builds upon current
Technical and economic assessment of fluidized bed augmented compressed air energy storage system. Volume III. Preconceptual design
A technical and economic assessment of fluidized bed combustion augmented compressed air energy storage systems is presented. The results of this assessment effort are presented in three volumes. Volume III - Preconceptual Design contains the system analysis which led to the identification of a preferred component configuration for a fluidized bed combustion augmented compressed air energy storage system, the results of the effort which transformed the preferred configuration into preconceptual power plant design, and an introductory evaluation of the performance of the power plant system during part-load operation and while load following.
Giramonti, A.J.; Lessard, R.D.; Merrick, D.; Hobson, M.J.
Impacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage, Fan Power and Thermal Energy - Part I: Theoretical Model and Simulation
As for a variable air volume (VAV) system, the air duct static pressure is a typical control variable maintained by modulating supply fan speed. The static pressure equals to the summation of the duct pressure loss downstream of the sensor...
Liu, M.; Feng, J.; Wang, Z.; Wu, L.; Zheng, K.; Pang, W.
Calculations of the radiological environment for handling of ISOLDE targets
Vehicle (AGV): Fully autonomous vehicle Integrated robot arm Robot mounted vision system for precise robot control Control + battery Shielded transport box Robot arm Vision system 4th High Power Targetry Workshop, May 2-6 2011 #12;Current target handling system J. Vollaire5 Two robots mounted on rails (located
Monitoring System Used to Optimize Compressed Air System Efficiency, Cut Costs
In 1994, Thomson Consumer Electronics (RCA), an international manufacturer of electronics equipment purchased a UtillTRACK� Monitoring System for a plant in Indianapolis, Indiana. The system monitored gas and electric meters, substations, main...
Holmes, W. A.
Technical and economic assessment of fluidized-bed-augmented compressed-air energy-storage system: system load following capability
The load-following capability of fluidized bed combustion-augmented compressed air energy storage systems was evaluated. The results are presented in two parts. The first part is an Executive Summary which provides a concise overview of all major elements of the study including the conclusions, and, second, a detailed technical report describing the part-load and load following capability of both the pressurized fluid bed combustor and the entire pressurized fluid bed combustor/compressed air energy storage system. The specific tasks in this investigation were to: define the steady-state, part-load operation of the CAES open-bed PFBC; estimate the steady-state, part-load performance of the PFBC/CAES system and evaluate any possible operational constraints; simulate the performance of the PFBC/CAES system during transient operation and assess the load following capability of the system; and establish a start-up procedure for the open-bed PFBC and evaluate the impact of this procedure. The conclusions are encouraging and indicate that the open-bed PFBC/CAES power plant should provide good part-load and transient performance, and should have no major equipment-related constraints, specifically, no major problems associated with the performance or design of either the open-end PFBC or the PFBC/CAES power plant in steady-state, part-load operation are envisioned. The open-bed PFBC/CAES power plant would have a load following capability which would be responsive to electric utility requirements for a peak-load power plant. The open-bed PFBC could be brought to full operating conditions within 15 min after routine shutdown, by employing a hot-start mode of operation. The PFBC/CAES system would be capable of rapid changes in output power (12% of design load per minute) over a wide output power range (25% to 100% of design output). (LCL)
Lessard, R.D.; Blecher, W.A.; Merrick, D.
Measure Guideline: Implementing a Plenum Truss for a Compact Air Distribution System
This Measure Guideline presents the steps to implement a compact duct system inside an attic bulkhead (plenum truss) of a one-story, slab-on-grade (SOG) home. In a compact duct design, ductwork runs are reduced in length to yield a smaller and more compact duct system. Less energy will be lost through ductwork if the ducts are contained within the thermal enclosure of the house. These measures are intended for the production builder working to meet the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) requirements and keep the ductwork within the thermal enclosure of the house. This measure of bringing the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment and ductwork within the thermal enclosure of the house is appropriate for the builder wishing to avoid cathedralizing the insulation in the attic space (i.e., locating it at the underside of the roof deck rather than along the attic floor) or adding dropped soffits.
Typical Problems of AHU and Air Movement in Buildings
occupied zones #0;?#0;?#0;?#0;? Wrong Air Handling Process and ControlWrong Air Handling Process and Control #0;?#0;?#0;?#0;? TP4: Dislike fresh air?TP4: Dislike fresh air? #0;?#0;?#0;?#0;? TP5: Reheat of VAVBOX at partial load time in summerTP5: Reheat... of VAVBOX at partial load time in summer #0;?#0;?#0;?#0;? Unexpected Air Movement in BuildingsUnexpected Air Movement in Buildings #0;?#0;?#0;?#0;? TP6: Chimney effect leading to fresh air intake in highTP6: Chimney effect leading to fresh air intake in high...
Air/fuel supply system for use in a gas turbine engine
A fuel injector for use in a gas turbine engine combustor assembly. The fuel injector includes a main body and a fuel supply structure. The main body has an inlet end and an outlet end and defines a longitudinal axis extending between the outlet and inlet ends. The main body comprises a plurality of air/fuel passages extending therethrough, each air/fuel passage including an inlet that receives air from a source of air and an outlet. The fuel supply structure communicates with and supplies fuel to the air/fuel passages for providing an air/fuel mixture within each air/fuel passage. The air/fuel mixtures exit the main body through respective air/fuel passage outlets.
Fox, Timothy A; Schilp, Reinhard; Gambacorta, Domenico
Development of a high efficiency compressor/expander for an air cycle air conditioning system. Final report
This document presents the methods and procedures used and the results obtained in the design, fabrication, and testing of a rotary vane type compressor operated on air cycle thermodynamics. The history and results of the testing of a similar expander are summarized and the full report of that work is referenced. The machine design used was based on one patented by Ecton Corporation. The goal of the reported effort was to demonstrate the attainable efficiencies of these machines. Appropriate test rigs were assembled and the machines were tested at various operating conditions. The compressor testing did not achieve the full design speed because of time constraints but important data was obtained at 87% speed (3000 rpm). The maximum measured total efficiencies were 78% for the expander and 71% for the compressor. Various design improvements which may yield improved performance were identified and reported.
Summers, R.L.; Smolinski, R.E.
Characterization and optimization of a Hot Air Solder-Leveling System
The characterization and optimization of a new Hot Air Sokkr-Leveling (HASL) System in the Printed Wiring Board Fabrication Area was initiated to reduce the variability and defects in printed wiring board solder coatings. This body of work continues to provide information on the mechanics of solder coating, and allows us to predict the required process adjustments based on board type and geometry. The previous HASL system contained several processes (flux, preheat, solder-coat, cooldown) within one piece of equipment. The new system physically separates these processes using in-line conveyors. Parameters affecting these processes were brainstormed and evaluated using the MaHo Perez-Wilson methodology (MPCpS). The critical parameters were identified and segregated according to individual process. Each process was characterized for materials used, machine settings, and their effect (potential and actual) on product. Due to the wide-ranging affect of the preheat and solder-leveling machine settings, the first decision made was to restrict the characterization to duplication of the coating obtained from the previous system. Adoption of the parameters used on the previous system allowed a reduction in the number of evaluations required to establish initial machine settings (solder pot dwell times, solder temperature, preheat temperature, etc.). Activities in-work include a formal statistical analysis of the solder-leveling capabilities, and completion of Optimization activities.
Penniston, R.R. Jr.; Stockdale, D.A.
Utility Resources News & Events Expand News & Events Skip navigation links Smart Grid Demand Response Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Current Research Portfolio...
A Study of Pressure Losses in Residential Air Distribution Systems Bass Abushakra Iain S. Walker Max H. Sherman
. The experimental tests conformed to ASHRAE Standard 120P Methods of Testing to Determine Flow Resistance of HVAC on the power consumption and the overall performance of the HVAC system. To satisfy the ARI 210 in the air-distribution system is critical. Proctor and Parker (2000) noted that the measured external static
Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration
Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration David Luke Oates, and SO2 emissions as well as for the profitability of coal plants, as calculated by our dispatch model
Jaramillo, Paulina
Eliminating air heater plugging and corrosion caused by SCR/SNCR systems for NOx control on coal-fired boilers
In a typical coal-fired power plant the rotary regenerative air heater is responsible for 5-10% of the boiler's total efficiency. The three biggest threats to air heater performance deterioration are corrosion of the heat exchange surfaces, plugging, and air heater leakage through the seals. The article concentrates on the vastly increased level of corrosion and plugging issues associated with installing selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) systems for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions. Some injected ammonia in the SCR process reacts with SO{sub 2} to form ammonium sulphate and bisulphate (ABS) which is deposited on the air heater element surfaces. This can be overcome by applying coatings, using corrosion-resistant steels, reconfiguring the air heaters to a two layer design, improving air heater blowers, improving technologies for removing ammonia 'slip' before it enters the air heater, and using new catalysts that reduce the oxidation of SO{sub 2} to SO{sub 3}. 4 figs.
Guffre, J. [Paragon Airheater Technologies (United States)
Uranium hexafluoride: A manual of good handling practices. Revision 7
The United States Enrichment Corporation (USEC) is continuing the policy of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies in sharing with the nuclear industry their experience in the area of uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) shipping containers and handling procedures. The USEC has reviewed Revision 6 or ORO-651 and is issuing this new edition to assure that the document includes the most recent information on UF{sub 6} handling procedures and reflects the policies of the USEC. This manual updates the material contained in earlier issues. It covers the essential aspects of UF{sub 6} handling, cylinder filling and emptying, general principles of weighing and sampling, shipping, and the use of protective overpacks. The physical and chemical properties of UF{sub 6} are also described. The procedures and systems described for safe handling of UF{sub 6} presented in this document have been developed and evaluated during more than 40 years of handling vast quantities of UF{sub 6}. With proper consideration for its nuclear properties, UF{sub 6} may be safely handled in essentially the same manner as any other corrosive and/or toxic chemical.
WIPP Remote Handled Waste Facility: Performance Dry Run Operations
The Remote Handled (RH) TRU Waste Handling Facility at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) was recently upgraded and modified in preparation for handling and disposal of RH Transuranic (TRU) waste. This modification will allow processing of RH-TRU waste arriving at the WIPP site in two different types of shielded road casks, the RH-TRU 72B and the CNS 10-160B. Washington TRU Solutions (WTS), the WIPP Management and Operation Contractor (MOC), conducted a performance dry run (PDR), beginning August 19, 2002 and successfully completed it on August 24, 2002. The PDR demonstrated that the RHTRU waste handling system works as designed and demonstrated the handling process for each cask, including underground disposal. The purpose of the PDR was to develop and implement a plan that would define in general terms how the WIPP RH-TRU waste handling process would be conducted and evaluated. The PDR demonstrated WIPP operations and support activities required to dispose of RH-TRU waste in the WIPP underground.
Burrington, T. P.; Britain, R. M.; Cassingham, S. T.
A study of fractionating inlet systems for the dichotomous air sampler
of Aerosols in Ambient Air", Swedish Water and Air Pollu- tion Research Labs. , S-402 24, Gothenburg, Sweden, (1975). (8) Steen, B. , "The Influence of Different Parameters on the Sampling Efficiency of Some Commonly Used Devices for Measuring Particle... Concentrations in Ambient Air", Ph. D. Thesis, Chalmers Institute of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, (1975). (9) Steen, B. , and Andreasson, K. , "Comparative Measure- ments of Particle Concentrations in Ambient Air Made at a Background Station...
Ripps, Gerald Joseph
Comparative Study Between Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Condensers of the Air-Conditioning Systems
consumptions. The cooling capacities for WC and AC systems were 373 and 278 tons-of- refrigeration, respectively. It was found that for the same cooling production, the peak power demand and the daily energy consumption of the WC system were 45 and 32% less...
Maheshwari, G. P.; Mulla Ali, A. A.
This paper presents a freely available Modelica library for building heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The library is based on the Modelica.Fluid library. It has been developed to support research and development of integrated building energy and control systems. The primary applications are controls design, energy analysis and model-based operation. The library contains dynamic and steady-state component models that are applicable for analyzing fast transients when designing control algorithms and for conducting annual simulations when assessing energy performance. For most models, dimensional analysis is used to compute the performance for operating points that differ from nominal conditions. This allows parameterizing models in the absence of detailed geometrical information which is often impractical to obtain during the conceptual design phase of building systems. In the first part of this paper, the library architecture and the main classes are described. In the second part, an example is presented in which we implemented a model of a hydronic heating system with thermostatic radiator valves and thermal energy storage.
Wetter, Michael
Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Design of Central Air-Conditioning Water System
.25 150 121.86 0.1182 1.92 200 131.55 0.0218 376.9729 1.0864 19 19 20 4.5 150 99.58 0.1013 1.57 150 107.18 0.1013 1163.561 1.6857 20 20 21 1.8 80 22.29 0.965 1.17 65 24.28 2.3884 1408.019 1.8046 21 22 23 1 80 22.29 0.5361 1.17 80 24.24 0.5361 315.0493... Wuxi, P. R. China, 214122 Shanghai? P. R. China, 200070 email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: The optimal design of air-conditioning water system is an optimization problem of functions that depend on a series...
Feng, X.; Zou, Y.; Long, W.
DEST Software to Analyze System Zoning and Energy Consumption in Air Conditioning Systems
This paper reports on a study on how to appropriately divide system zoning by using DeST software to calculate the basis dynamic temperature and load of all rooms in an office building. Influent factors of weather conditions, building envelope...
Fan, Y.; Li, D.
Preconceptual design of a Long-Pulse Spallation Source (LPSS) at the LANSCE Facility: Target system, facility, and material handling considerations
This report provides a summary of a preconceptual design study for the proposed Long-Pulse Spallation. Source (LPSS) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The LPSS will use a 0.8-MW proton beam to produce neutrons from a tungsten target. This study focuses on the design of the target station and changes to the existing building that would be made to accommodate the LPSS. The LPSS will provide fifteen flight paths to neutron scattering instruments. In addition, options for generating ultracold neutrons, pions, and muons will be available. Flight-energy, forward-scattered neutrons on the downstream side of the target will also be available for autoradiography studies. A Target Test Bed (TTB) is also proposed for full-beam tests of component materials and advanced spallation neutron sources. The design allows for separation of the experiment hall from the beam line, target, and flight paths. The target and moderator systems and the systems/components to be tested in the TTB will be emplaced and removed separately by remotely operated, shielded equipment. Irradiated materials will be transported to a hot cell adjacent to the target chamber for testing by remotely operated instruments. These tests will provide information about how materials properties are affected by proton and neutron beams.
Sommer, W.F. [comp.
The Assembly Transfer System (ATS) receives, cools, and opens rail and truck transportation casks from the Carrier/Cask Handling System (CCHS). The system unloads transportation casks consisting of bare Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) assemblies, single element canisters, and Dual Purpose Canisters (DPCs). For casks containing DPCs, the system opens the DPCs and unloads the SNF. The system stages the assemblies, transfer assemblies to and from fuel-blending inventory pools, loads them into Disposal Containers (DCs), temporarily seals and inerts the DC, decontaminates the DC and transfers it to the Disposal Container Handling System. The system also prepares empty casks and DPCs for off-site shipment. Two identical Assembly Transfer System lines are provided in the Waste Handling Building (WHB). Each line operates independently to handle the waste transfer throughput and to support maintenance operations. Each system line primarily consists of wet and dry handling areas. The wet handling area includes a cask transport system, cask and DPC preparation system, and a wet assembly handling system. The basket transport system forms the transition between the wet and dry handling areas. The dry handling area includes the dry assembly handling system, assembly drying system, DC preparation system, and DC transport system. Both the wet and dry handling areas are controlled by the control and tracking system. The system operating sequence begins with moving transportation casks to the cask preparation area. The cask preparation operations consist of cask cavity gas sampling, cask venting, cask cool-down, outer lid removal, and inner shield plug lifting fixture attachment. Casks containing bare SNF (no DPC) are filled with water and placed in the cask unloading pool. The inner shield plugs are removed underwater. For casks containing a DPC, the cask lid(s) is removed, and the DPC is penetrated, sampled, vented, and cooled. A DPC lifting fixture is attached and the cask is placed into the cask unloading pool. In the cask unloading pool the DPC is removed from the cask and placed in an overpack and the DPC lid is severed and removed. Assemblies are removed from either an open cask or DPC and loaded into assembly baskets positioned in the basket staging rack in the assembly unloading pool. A method called ''blending'' is utilized to load DCs with a heat output of less than 11.8 kW. This involves combining hotter and cooler assemblies from different baskets. Blending requires storing some of the hotter fuel assemblies in fuel-blending inventory pools until cooler assemblies are available. The assembly baskets are then transferred from the basket staging rack to the assembly handling cell and loaded into the assembly drying vessels. After drying, the assemblies are removed from the assembly drying vessels and loaded into a DC positioned below the DC load port. After installation of a DC inner lid and temporary sealing device, the DC is transferred to the DC decontamination cell where the top area of the DC, the DC lifting collar, and the DC inner lid and temporary sealing device are decontaminated, and the DC is evacuated and backfilled with inert gas to prevent prolonged clad exposure to air. The DC is then transferred to the Disposal Container Handling System for lid welding. In another cask preparation and decontamination area, lids are replaced on the empty transportation casks and DPC overpacks, the casks and DPC overpacks are decontaminated, inspected, and transferred to the Carrier/Cask Handling System for shipment off-site. All system equipment is designed to facilitate manual or remote operation, decontamination, and maintenance. The system interfaces with the Carrier/Cask Handling System for incoming and outgoing transportation casks and DPCs. The system also interfaces with the Disposal Container Handling System, which prepares the DC for loading and subsequently seals the loaded DC. The system support interfaces are the Waste Handling Building System and other internal WHB support systems.
B. Gorpani
Self Adaptive Air Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion Using Shutter Valve and OWC Heoght Control System
An oscillating water column (OWC) is one of the most technically viable options for converting wave energy into useful electric power. The OWC system uses the wave energy to �push or pull� air through a high-speed turbine, as illustrated in Figure 1. The turbine is typically a bi-directional turbine, such as a Wells turbine or an advanced Dennis-Auld turbine, as developed by Oceanlinx Ltd. (Oceanlinx), a major developer of OWC systems and a major collaborator with Concepts NREC (CN) in Phase II of this STTR effort. Prior to awarding the STTR to CN, work was underway by CN and Oceanlinx to produce a mechanical linkage mechanism that can be cost-effectively manufactured, and can articulate turbine blades to improve wave energy capture. The articulation is controlled by monitoring the chamber pressure. Funding has been made available from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to CN (DOE DE-FG-08GO18171) to co-share the development of a blade articulation mechanism for the purpose of increasing energy recovery. However, articulating the blades is only one of the many effective design improvements that can be made to the composite subsystems that constitute the turbine generator system.
Di Bella, Francis A
Technical and economic assessment of fluidized-bed-augmented compressed-air energy-storage system. Volume I. Executive summary
An energy storage system which could be attractive for future electric utility peak-load applications is a modified gas turbine power system utilizing underground storage of very high pressure air. The compressed air energy storage (CAES) concept involves using off-peak electricity generated from indigenous coal or nuclear sources to compress air, storing the air in large underground facilities, and withdrawing the air during peak-load periods when it would be heated by combustion and expanded through gas turbines to generate power. The attractiveness of the CAES concept is based upon its potential to supply competitively priced peaking energy, to reduce peak-load power plant dependence on petroleum-based fuels, and to provide a means for leveling the utility system load demand. Therefore, a technical and economic assessment of coal-fired fluidized bed (FBC) combustor/compressed air energy storage (FBC/CAES) systems was performed and is described. The conclusions drawn from the FBC/CAES study program are encouraging. They indicate that pressurized FBC/CAES power plants should be technologically feasible, provide good performance, and be economically competitive. Specifically, it is concluded that: coal-fired FBC/CAES systems should be technically feasible in the near future and potentially attractive for peak-load power generation; and an open-bed PFBC/CAES configuration would provide the best candidate for early commercialization. It has relatively low risk combined with moderate cost and reasonable round-trip heat rate. It also has the potential for future growth options which tend to reduce costs and lower fuel consumption.
Module Development and Simulation of the Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning System under Cooling Conditions in Energyplus
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-2 Module Development and Simulation of the Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning System under Cooling Conditions in Energyplus Yanping Zhou Jingyi..., especially for those who ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-2 show some interest about high-efficiency systems like VRF, it becomes of interest to compare the VRF to other systems and evaluate VRF?s performance...
Zhou, Y.; Wu, J.; Wang, R.; Shiochi, S.
Development of standardized air-blown coal gasifier/gas turbine concepts for future electric power systems. Volume 1, Final report
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system for Building 3862
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system for Building 3862
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for the PS accelerator infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for the PS accelerator infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for dismantling, removal and packaging of the existing Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in the PS tunnel
Proposal for the award of a contract for dismantling, removal and packaging of the existing Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in the PS tunnel
Cooperative Control of Air Flow for HVAC Systems Shuai Liu1,2, Yushen Long1, Lihua Xie1 and Alexandre M. Bayen3
Cooperative Control of Air Flow for HVAC Systems Shuai Liu1,2, Yushen Long1, Lihua Xie1 for building heating, ven- tilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The strategy consists in two level and the HVAC system parameters. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, energy saving and environment protection have
SensorFlock: A Mobile System of Networked Micro-Air Vehicles Ahmad Bilal Hasan, Bill Pisano, Saroch Panichsakul, Pete Gray, Jyh Huang,
SensorFlock: A Mobile System of Networked Micro-Air Vehicles Ahmad Bilal Hasan, Bill Pisano, Saroch System of Networked Micro-Air Vehicles 1 Ahmad Bilal Hasan, 2 Bill Pisano, 1 Saroch Panichsakul,2 Pete of our MAV airplane, its avionics, semi- autonomous flight control software, launch system, flock control
Han, Richard Y.
Effects of welding fumes on nuclear air cleaning system carbon adsorber banks
Standard Technical Specifications for nuclear air cleaning systems include requirements for surveillance tests following fire, painting, or chemical release in areas communicating with the affected system. To conservatively implement this requirement, many plants categorize welding as a chemical release process, and institute controls to ensure that welding fumes do not interact with carbon adsorbers in a filter system. After reviewing research data that indicated welding had a minimal impact on adsorber iodine removal efficiency, further testing was performed with the goal of establishing a welding threshold. It was anticipated that some quantity of weld electrodes could be determined that had a corresponding detrimental impact on iodine removal efficiency for the exposed adsorber. This value could be used to determine a conservative sampling schedule that would allow the station to perform laboratory testing to ensure system degradation did not occur without a full battery of surveillance tests. A series of tests was designed to demonstrate carbon efficiency versus cumulative welding fume exposure. Three series of tests were performed, one for each of three different types of commonly used weld electrodes. Carbon sampling was performed at baseline conditions, and every five pounds of electrode thereafter. Two different laboratory tests were performed for each sample; one in accordance with ASTM 3803/1989 at 95% relative humidity and 30 degrees C, and another using the less rigorous conditions of 70% relative humidity and 80 degrees C. Review of the test data for all three types of electrodes failed to show a significant correlation between carbon efficiency degradation and welding fume exposure. Accordingly, welding is no longer categorized as a `chemical release process` at McGuire Nuclear Station, and limits on welding fume interaction with ventilation systems have been eliminated. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Roberson, P.W. [Duke Power Company, Huntersville, NC (United States)
Impact of Charge Degradation on the Life Cycle Climate Performance of a Residential Air-Conditioning System
Vapor compression systems continuously leak a small fraction of their refrigerant charge to the environment, whether during operation or servicing. As a result of the slow leak rate occurring during operation, the refrigerant charge decreases until the system is serviced and recharged. This charge degradation, after a certain limit, begins to have a detrimental effect on system capacity, energy consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). This paper presents a literature review and a summary of previous experimental work on the effect of undercharging or charge degradation of different vapor compression systems, especially those without a receiver. These systems include residential air conditioning and heat pump systems utilizing different components and refrigerants, and water chiller systems. Most of these studies show similar trends for the effect of charge degradation on system performance. However, it is found that although much experimental work exists on the effect of charge degradation on system performance, no correlation or comparison between charge degradation and system performance yet exists. Thus, based on the literature review, three different correlations that characterize the effect of charge on system capacity and energy consumption are developed for different systems as follows: one for air-conditioning systems, one for vapor compression water-to-water chiller systems, and one for heat pumps. These correlations can be implemented in vapor compression cycle simulation tools to obtain a better prediction of the system performance throughout its lifetime. In this paper, these correlations are implemented in an open source tool for life cycle climate performance (LCCP) based design of vapor compression systems. The LCCP of a residential air-source heat pump is evaluated using the tool and the effect of charge degradation on the results is studied. The heat pump is simulated using a validated component-based vapor compression system model and the LCCP results obtained using the three charge degradation correlations are compared.
Beshr, Mohamed [University of Maryland, College Park; Aute, Vikrant [University of Maryland, College Park; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL; Fricke, Brian A [ORNL; Radermacher, Reinhard [University of Maryland, College Park
This report will present hand calculations for transport efficiency based on aspiration efficiency and particle deposition losses. Because the hand calculations become long and tedious, especially for lognormal distributions of aerosols, an R script (R 2011) will be provided for each element examined. Calculations are provided for the most common elements in a remote air sampling system, including a thin-walled probe in ambient air, straight tubing, bends and a sample housing. One popular alternative approach would be to put such calculations in a spreadsheet, a thorough version of which is shared by Paul Baron via the Aerocalc spreadsheet (Baron 2012). To provide greater transparency and to avoid common spreadsheet vulnerabilities to errors (Burns 2012), this report uses R. The particle size is based on the concept of activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD). The AMAD is a particle size in an aerosol where fifty percent of the activity in the aerosol is associated with particles of aerodynamic diameter greater than the AMAD. This concept allows for the simplification of transport efficiency calculations where all particles are treated as spheres with the density of water (1 g?cm-3). In reality, particle densities depend on the actual material involved. Particle geometries can be very complicated. Dynamic shape factors are provided by Hinds (Hinds 1999). Some example factors are: 1.00 for a sphere, 1.08 for a cube, 1.68 for a long cylinder (10 times as long as it is wide), 1.05 to 1.11 for bituminous coal, 1.57 for sand and 1.88 for talc. Revision 1 is made to correct an error in the original version of this report. The particle distributions are based on activity weighting of particles rather than based on the number of particles of each size. Therefore, the mass correction made in the original version is removed from the text and the calculations. Results affected by the change are updated.
Hogue, M.; Hadlock, D.; Thompson, M.; Farfan, E.
The purpose of this facility description document (FDD) is to establish requirements and associated bases that drive the design of the Canister Handling Facility (CHF), which will allow the design effort to proceed to license application. This FDD will be revised at strategic points as the design matures. This FDD identifies the requirements and describes the facility design, as it currently exists, with emphasis on attributes of the design provided to meet the requirements. This FDD is an engineering tool for design control; accordingly, the primary audience and users are design engineers. This FDD is part of an iterative design process. It leads the design process with regard to the flowdown of upper tier requirements onto the facility. Knowledge of these requirements is essential in performing the design process. The FDD follows the design with regard to the description of the facility. The description provided in this FDD reflects the current results of the design process.
J.F. Beesley
System for time-discretized vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of spark breakdown in air
A system for time-discretized spectroscopic measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission from spark discharges in the 60-160 nm range has been developed for the study of early plasma-forming phenomena. The system induces a spark discharge in an environment close to atmospheric conditions created using a high speed puff value, but is otherwise kept at high vacuum to allow for the propagation of VUV light. Using a vertical slit placed 1.5 mm from the discharge the emission from a small cross section of the discharge is allowed to pass into the selection chamber consisting of a spherical grating, with 1200 grooves/mm, and an exit slit set to 100 ?m. Following the exit slit is a photomultiplier tube with a sodium salicylate scintillator that is used for the time discretized measurement of the VUV signal with a temporal resolution limit of 10 ns. Results from discharges studied in dry air, Nitrogen, SF{sub 6}, and Argon indicate the emission of light with wavelengths shorter than 120 nm where the photon energy begins to approach the regime of direct photoionization.
Ryberg, D.; Fierro, A.; Dickens, J.; Neuber, A. [Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409 (United States)
Phase Evolution in the Pd-Ag-CuO Air Braze Filler Metal Alloy System
Palladium was added as a ternary component to a series of copper oxide-silver alloys in an effort to increase the use temperature of these materials for potential ceramic air brazing applications. Phase equilibria in the ternary Pd-Ag-CuO system were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a series of quenching experiments. Presented here are the latest findings on this system and a construction of the corresponding ternary phase diagram for low-to-moderate additions of palladium. The analysis included samples with higher palladium additions than were studied in the past, as well as an analysis of the composition-temperature trends in the Ag-CuO miscibility gap with palladium addition. It was found that the addition of palladium increases the solidus and liquidus and caused three phase zones to appear as expected by the phase rule. Furthermore, the palladium additions cause the miscibility gap boundary extending from the former binary eutectic to shift to lower silver-to-copper ratios.
Darsell, Jens T.; Weil, K. Scott
E-Print Network 3.0 - air system analysis Sample Search Results
Quality Publications Assignment 4 5 Oct. 13 Combustion... ; Pollution Meteorology Air Pollution Topics 3 CORE Network Data Analysis 5 6 Oct. 20 Trajectories... and Trends...
air temperature under partial load conditions. More thannecessarily true for all the partial load range, and it mustsystem works with partial loads. Figure 9-1 Configuration#1.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air flotation system Sample Search Results
air flotation (SAF) could harvest algae with a lower... flotation (DAF) (P , 0.001). Identification of a more efficient algal ... Source: Jacobson, Arne - Department of...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning systems based Sample Search...
INVENTION, APPLICATION NO. 61297,958 OF 25 JAN 2010 Summary: for Efficient Heating, Cooling, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning BY MILIVOJE M. KOSTIC, SYCAMORE, IL......
zones. Variable speed fan coil units (VSFCU) provide air tounit (AHU) including an airside economizer, a chilled water cooling coil, and a relief fan.
the outlet side of fan coil units (FCU) served by variableunit (AHU) including a return air economizer, chilled water cooling coil, hot water heating coil and supply fan.
Duct Systems in large commercial buildings: Physical characterization, air leakage, and heat conduction gains
decreases between cooling coils and supply registers andoutlet of the cooling coils and the supply registers causeddecreased the cooling capacity of the supply air exiting
Fisk, W.J.
Surface Tensions in NaCl-Water-Air Systems from MD Simulations Ranjit Bahadur, Lynn M. Russell,*, and Saman Alavi
Surface Tensions in NaCl-Water-Air Systems from MD Simulations Ranjit Bahadur, Lynn M. Russell, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada ReceiVed: July 9, 2007; In Final Form: July 30, 2007 Surface tensions to the surface tension, while the energy-integral and test area methods provide direct estimates. At 1 atm
Russell, Lynn
Problem of Vain Energy Consumption in a VAV Air Conditioning System Shared By an Inner Zone and Exterior Zone
in winter and summer. Taking a practical project as example, this paper analyzes the energy consumption of a VAV air conditioning system that is shared by inner zone and exterior zone. The paper also points out the serious problem of useless energy...
Wenji, G.; Ling, C.; Dongdong, L.; Mei, S.; Li, Z.
Bulk Handling of Milk on Texas Dairy Farms.
areas dur- tem of handling milk. ing the spring and summer of 1957 on dairy - farms which have converted their operations to Dairymen interviewed in North Texas had tanks ranging from 150 gallons to 1,000 gallons, , the bulk system of producing... and handling milk. while tanks in the Corous Christi area raneDd Texas dairy farmers are operating larger from 200 gallons to 1,000 gallons. The average units, milking more cows, selling more milk and tank in North Texas had a capacity of 400 gal. generally...
Parker, Cecil A.; Stelly, Randall, Moore, Donald S.
SOLIS Data Handling Christoph Keller, Steve Wampler, Carl Henney
SOLIS Data Handling Christoph Keller, Steve Wampler, Carl Henney National Solar Observatory #12;May, 2003 FASR Data System Workshop 3 Science What causes the solar cycle? How is energy stored and released in the solar atmosphere? How does the solar radiative and non- radiative output vary? Vector
An Evaluation of Improper Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split System Air Conditioner with a Thermal Expansion Valve
by the manufacturer for a specific indoor and outdoor temperatures. Once the full charge was determined, the unit was subjected to 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5% undercharging and 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% overcharging of refrigerant by mass. The fully charged tests were... CONDITION All tests were performed on a split system central air conditioner provided by the Trane company. To determine the proper amount of refrigerant charge needed in the system and the unit's corresponding performance, charging specifications...
Farzad, M.; O'Neal, D. L.
Measurement of the Tracer Gradient and Sampling System Bias of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility Stack Air Monitoring System
This report describes tracer gas uniformity and bias measurements made in the exhaust air discharge of the Hot Fuel Examination Facility at Idaho National Laboratory. The measurements were a follow-up on earlier measurements which indicated a lack of mixing of the two ventilation streams being discharged via a common stack. The lack of mixing is detrimental to the accuracy of air emission measurements. The lack of mixing was confirmed in these new measurements. The air sampling probe was found to be out of alignment and that was corrected. The suspected sampling bias in the air sample stream was disproved.
Glissmeyer, John A.; Flaherty, Julia E.
Letter Report Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge, Lincoln County, Nevada
The Desert Research Institute (DRI) is performing a scoping study as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative (EMSI). The main objective is to obtain baseline air quality information for Yucca Mountain and an area surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Air quality and meteorological monitoring and sampling equipment housed in a mobile trailer (shelter) is collecting data at eight sites outside the NTS, including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Pahranagat NWR, Beatty, Rachel, Caliente, Crater Flat, and Tonopah Airport, and at four sites on the NTS (Engelbrecht et al., 2007a-d). The trailer is stationed at any one site for approximately eight weeks at a time. This letter report provides a summary of air quality and meteorological data on completion of the site's sampling program.
J. Engelbrecht; I. Kavouras; D. Campbell; S. Campbell; S. Kohl; D. Shafer
Letter Report: Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge, Lincoln County, Nevada
J. Englebrecht; I. Kavouras; D. Campbell; S. Campbell; S. Kohl; D. Shafer
Letter Report: Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Caliente, Lincoln County, Nevada
The Desert Research Institute (DRI) is performing a scoping study as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative (EMSI). The main objective is to obtain baseline air quality information for Yucca Mountain and an area surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Air quality and meteorological monitoring and sampling equipment housed in a mobile trailer (shelter) is collecting data at eight sites outside the NTS, including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Beatty, Sarcobatus Flats, Rachel, Caliente, Pahranagat NWR, Crater Flat, and Tonopah Airport, and at four sites on the NTS (Engelbrecht et al., 2007a-d). The trailer is stationed at any one site for approximately eight weeks at a time. This letter report provides a summary of air quality and meteorological data, on completion of the site's sampling program.
Letter Report: Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Crater Flat, Nye County, Nevada
The Desert Research Institute (DRI) is performing a scoping study as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative (EMSI). The main objective is to obtain baseline air quality information for Yucca Mountain and an area surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Air quality and meteorological monitoring and sampling equipment housed in a mobile trailer (shelter) (cover page figure) is collecting data at eight sites outside the NTS, including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Beatty, Sarcobatus Flats, Rachel, Caliente, Pahranagat NWR, Crater Flat, and Tonopah Airport, and at four sites on the NTS (Engelbrecht et al., 2007a-d). The trailer is stationed at any one site for approximately eight weeks at a time. This letter report provides a summary of air quality and meteorological data, on completion of the site's sampling program.
Letter Report Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Crater Flat, Nye County, Nevada
J. Engelbrecht; I. Kavouras; D. Campbell; S.Campbell; S. Kohl; D. Shafer
Letter Report: Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Tonopah Airport, Nye County, Nevada
The Desert Research Institute (DRI) is performing a scoping study as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative (EMSI). The main objective is to obtain baseline air quality information for Yucca Mountain and an area surrounding the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Air quality and meteorological monitoring and sampling equipment housed in a mobile trailer (shelter) is collecting data at eight sites outside the NTS, including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Tonopah Airport, Beatty, Rachel, Caliente, Pahranagat NWR, Crater Flat, and the Tonopah Airport, and at four sites on the NTS (Engelbrecht et al., 2007a-d). The trailer is stationed at any one site for approximately eight weeks at a time. This letter report provides a summary of air quality and meteorological data, on completion of the site's sampling program.
J. Engelbrecht; I. Kavouras; D Campbell; S. Campbell; S. Kohl, D. Shafer
Letter Report Yucca Mountain Environmental Monitoring Systems Initiative - Air Quality Scoping Study for Tonopah Airport, Nye County, Nevada
Hybrid intelligent control scheme for air heating system using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm
Fuzzy logic provides a means for converting a linguistic control strategy, based on expert knowledge, into an automatic control strategy. Its performance depends on membership function and rule sets. In the traditional Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) approach, the optimal membership is formed by trial-and-error method. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to generate the optimal membership function of FLC. The membership function thus obtained is utilized in the design of the Hybrid Intelligent Control (HIC) scheme. The investigation is carried out for an Air Heat System (AHS), an important component of drying process. The knowledge of the optimum PID controller designed, is used to develop the traditional FLC scheme. The computational difficulties in finding optimal membership function of traditional FLC is alleviated using GA In the design of HIC scheme. The qualitative performance indices are evaluated for the three control strategies, namely, PID, FLC and HIC. The comparison reveals that the HIC scheme designed based on the hybridization of FLC with GA performs better. Moreover, GA is found to be an effective tool for designing the FLC, eliminating the human interface required to generate the membership functions.
Thyagarajan, T.; Shanmugam, J.; Ponnavaikko, M.; Panda, R.C.
Overview of Air Liquide refrigeration systems between 1.8 K and 200 K
Cryogenic refrigeration systems are necessary for numerous applications. Gas purification and distillation require temperatures between 15 K and 200 K depending on the application, space simulation chambers down to 15 K, superconductivity between 1.8 K and up to 75 K (magnets, cavities or HTS devices like cables, FCL, SMES, etc), Cold Neutron Sources between 15 and 20 K, etc. Air Liquide Advanced Technologies is designing and manufacturing refrigerators since 60 years to satisfy those needs. The step by step developments achieved have led to machines with higher efficiency and reliability. In 1965, reciprocating compressors and Joule Thomson expansion valves were used. In 1969, centripetal expanders began to be used. In 1980, oil lubricated screw compressors took the place of reciprocating compressors and a standard range of Claude cycle refrigerators was developed: the HELIAL series. 1980 was also the time for cryogenic centrifugal compressor development. In 2011, driven by the need for lower operational cost (high efficiency and low maintenance), cycle oil free centrifugal compressors on magnetic bearings were introduced instead of screw compressors. The power extracted by centripetal expanders was recovered. Based on this technology, a range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators has been designed for temperatures between 40 K and 150 K. On-going development will enable widening the range of Turbo-Brayton refrigerators to cryogenic temperatures down to 15 K.. Cryogenic centrifugal circulators have been developed in order to answer to an increasing demand of 4 K refrigerators able to distribute cold power.
Gondrand, C.; Durand, F.; Delcayre, F.; Crispel, S. [AL-AT, 2 rue de Cl�menci�res, 38360 Sassenage (France); Baguer, G. M. Gistau [CRYOGUY, 44, chemin de la Buisse, 38330 Biviers (France)
of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, ASHRAE, 1791of Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Simulation Modelsfor Rating Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,
Porous media compressed air energy storage (PM-CAES): Theory and simulation of the coupled wellbore-reservoir system
of selected compressed air energy storage studes, Pacificaspects of compressed-air energy storage in aquifers, J. ofresources and compressed air energy storage (CAES), Energy,
Oldenburg, C.M.
Occupant Response to Window Control Signaling Systems
temperature air handling unit and heat pump that deliversUnderfloor�air�distribution� VRF�heat�pump,�overhead�air�water,� overhead�air�distribution� Ground�source�heat�pump,�
Ackerly, Katherine
Sample handling for kinetics and molecular assembly in flow cytometry
Flow cytometry discriminates particle associated fluorescence from the fluorescence of the surrounding medium. It permits assemblies of macromolecular complexes on beads or cells to be detected in real-time with precision and specificity. The authors have investigated two types of robust sample handling systems which provide sub-second resolution and high throughput: (1) mixers which use stepper-motor driven syringes to initiate chemical reactions in msec time frames; and (2) flow injection controllers with valves and automated syringes used in chemical process control. In the former system, the authors used fast valves to overcome the disparity between mixing 100 {micro}ls of sample in 100 msecs and delivering sample to a flow cytometer at 1 {micro}l/sec. Particles were detected within 100 msec after mixing, but turbulence was created which lasted for 1 sec after injection of the sample into the flow cytometer. They used optical criteria to discriminate particles which were out of alignment due to the turbulent flow. Complex sample handling protocols involving multiple mixing steps and sample dilution have also been achieved. With the latter system they were able to automate sample handling and delivery with intervals of a few seconds. The authors used a fluidic approach to defeat turbulence caused by sample introduction. By controlling both sheath and sample with individual syringes, the period of turbulence was reduced to {approximately} 200 msecs. Automated sample handling and sub-second resolution should permit broad analytical and diagnostic applications of flow cytometry.
Sklar, L.A. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). National Flow Cytometry Resource]|[Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). School of Medicine; Seamer, L.C.; Kuckuck, F.; Prossnitz, E.; Edwards, B. [Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). School of Medicine; Posner, G. [Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
EHS-Net Tomato Handling Study EHS-Net Tomato Handling Study Protocol
EHS-Net Tomato Handling Study 1 EHS-Net Tomato Handling Study Protocol I. Project Overview Title EHS-Net Tomato Handling Study Protocol Summary Few studies have examined in detail the nature Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) special study. EHS- Net is a collaboration involving the Centers
Investigation of Methods of Disinfection in an All-air System
The experiment of removing bacteria and indoor air particulates by a bag ventilation filter with synthetic media and an electrostatic filter was carried out, and the effect of killing bacteria by ozone application was also tested. The results show...
Dynamic Response of a Rotor-air Bearing System Due to Base Induced Periodic Motions
equipment such as turbochargers and micro gas turbine engines. For example, air flow fluctuations and landing sudden maneuver can introduce random excitations or shock to auxiliary power units for aircrafts. Diesel engine induced vibrations and road...
Niu, Yaying
Argonne/EPA system captures mercury from air in gold shops |...
the mercury vaporizes. The vaporized mercury is directed outside the shop into the open air where it descends onto homes, water and food of the local populations. Image credit:...
Improving the Performance of Air-Conditioning Systems in an ASEAN Climate
This paper describes an analysis of air conditioning performance under hot and humid tropical climate conditions appropriate to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. This region, with over 280 million people, has one...
Busch, J. F.; Warren, M. L.
Cold side thermal energy storage system for improved operation of air cooled power plants
Air cooled power plants experience significant performance fluctuations as plant cooling capacity reduces due to higher daytime temperature than nighttime temperature. The purpose of this thesis is to simulate the detailed ...
Williams, Daniel David
Saving Energy and Reducing Emissions from the Regeneration Air System of a Butane Dehydrogenation Plant
Texas Petrochemicals operates a butane dehydrogenation unit producing MTBE for reformulated gasoline that was originally constructed when energy was cheap and prior to environmental regulation. The process exhausts 900,000 pounds per hour of air...
John, T. P.
Austria, September 2006. Modelica As- sociation and Arsenalsystems. The ?exibility of Modelica has been T room in [� C]lss. AirConditioning - a Modelica li- o brary for dynamic
SciTech Connect: Duct System Flammability and Air Sealing Fire...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
air seal fire separation assemblies. The issues identified fall into a gray area of the codes. Authors: Rudd, A.; Prahl, D. Publication Date: 2014-12-01 OSTI Identifier: 1166650...
Underfloor vs. overhead: a comparative analysis of air distribution systems using the EnergyPlus simulation software
ENTHALPY LIMIT, ! - ReturnAirEnthalpyLimit NO LOCKOUT, ! -Lockout FIXED MINIMUM, ! - MinimumLimit Mixed Air Node
Daly, A.
Managing Manure with Biogas Recovery Systems
such as natural gas, propane, and fuel oil. Biogas can also be flared to control odor if energy recovery: a digester, a gas-handling system, a gas-use device, and a manure storage tank or pond to hold the treat- ed.g., storage tanks, storage ponds, lagoons). These benefits include odor control, improved air and water
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning applications Sample Search...
motors, materials handling and welding. Estimates... Page 1 of 8 2011-xx-xxxx Improving Compressed Air Energy Efficiency in Automotive Plants Nasr... are typically large users of...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air defenses j-sead Sample Search Results
Summary: Distribution Warehouses z Defense Depotsp - Defense Logistics Agency Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., 2009 12... p Hydrogen Fuel forHydrogen Fuel for Material Handling...
Integrated Air Pollution Control System (IAPCS), Executable Model and Source Model (version 4. 0) (for microcomputers). Model-Simulation
Merging utilities handle disparate EMSs
When two utilities merge, a major aim of the merger is to improve overall system efficiency. When Gulf States Utilities Co (GSU) and Entergy Corp became one company on Jan 1, 1994, they had already taken a giant step towards improving efficiency by consolidating their energy management systems (EMS). When merger talks started, both companies had advanced EMS, but the systems were not compatible and could not fully communicate with each other. The solution to that problem was key to setting the stage for improving combined system operations into the future. This paper describes the EMS systems before and after the merger along with planned upgrades in the future. 3 figs.
A new route for energy efficiency diagnosis and potential analysis of energy consumption from air-conditioning system
1 A new route for energy efficiency diagnosis and potential analysis of energy consumption from air-conditioning system Rong-Jiang Ma Nan-Yang Yu PhD candidate Professor School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong... in buildings is to save energy without compromising comfort, health and productivity levels. In other words, the idea is to consume less energy while providing equal or improved building services, that is, being more energy efficient (P�rez-Lombard et al...
Ma,R.J.; Yu,N.Y.
Air Quality
Why Air Quality Air Quality To preserve our existing wilderness-area air quality, LANL implements a conscientious program of air monitoring. April 12, 2012 Real-time data...
Influence of Fault and Optimization of PID Parameters in Building Air-Conditioning System
200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 8 10 12 14 16 18 Supply air flow volume A ir flo w v ol um e[ m 3 / h] A ir flo w v ol um e[ m 3 / h] (b)Supply air flow volume Time[hour] 0 10 20 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1....4 18161412108 Time[hour] Secondary inlet water temp. Secondary outlet water temp. Secondary pump water flow volume w at er fl ow v ol um e[ m 3 / h] Te m p. [d eg .C ] (d)Secondary inlet & outlet water temp. / water flow volume 10...
Kuniyoshi, K.; Akashi, Y.; Sumiyoshi, D.; Song, Y.
Air feed tube support system for a solid oxide fuel cell generator
A solid oxide fuel cell generator (12), containing tubular fuel cells (36) with interior air electrodes (18), where a supporting member (82) containing a plurality of holes (26) supports oxidant feed tubes (51), which pass from an oxidant plenum (52") into the center of the fuel cells, through the holes (26) in the supporting member (82), where a compliant gasket (86) around the top of the oxidant feed tubes and on top (28) of the supporting member (82) helps support the oxidant feed tubes and center them within the fuel cells, and loosen the tolerance for centering the air feed tubes.
Doshi, Vinod B. (Monroeville, PA); Ruka, Roswell J. (Pittsburgh, PA); Hager, Charles A. (Zelienople, PA)
Air-cooled Condensers in Next-generation Conversion Systems | Department of
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up fromDepartment ofEnergy Natural Gas: Transmission,AirAir-Cooled TractionEnergy
Cold Air Distribution in Office Buildings: Technology Assessment for California
Field Evaluation of Cold Air Distribution Systems. EPRIand J.S. Elleson. 1988. Cold Air Distribution Design Guide.Field Evaluation of a Cold Air Distribution System. EPRI
Bauman, F.S.
Field test of two high-pressure, direct-contact downhole steam generators. Volume I. Air/diesel system
As a part of the Project DEEP STEAM to develop technology to more efficiently utilize steam for the recovery of heavy oil from deep reservoirs, a field test of a downhole steam generator (DSG) was performed. The DSG burned No. 2 diesel fuel in air and was a direct-contact, high pressure device which mixed the steam with the combustion products and injected the resulting mixture directly into the oil reservoir. The objectives of the test program included demonstration of long-term operation of a DSG, development of operational methods, assessment of the effects of the steam/combustion gases on the reservoir and comparison of this air/diesel DSG with an adjacent oxygen/diesel direct contact generator. Downhole operation of the air/diesel DSG was started in June 1981 and was terminated in late February 1982. During this period two units were placed downhole with the first operating for about 20 days. It was removed, the support systems were slightly modified, and the second one was operated for 106 days. During this latter interval the generator operated for 70% of the time with surface air compressor problems the primary source of the down time. Thermal contact, as evidenced by a temperature increase in the production well casing gases, and an oil production increase were measured in one of the four wells in the air/diesel pattern. Reservoir scrubbing of carbon monoxide was observed, but no conclusive data on scrubbing of SO/sub x/ and NO/sub x/ were obtained. Corrosion of the DSG combustor walls and some other parts of the downhole package were noted. Metallurgical studies have been completed and recommendations made for other materials that are expected to better withstand the downhole combustion environment. 39 figures, 8 tables.
Marshall, B.W.
An Evaluation of Improper Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split System Air Conditioner with Capillary Tube Expansion
of the coil was 20.94 ft2 with refrigerant tube sizes of 3/8". The outdoor fan was located on the top of the outdoor coil. The fan specifications are given in Table 3.1. Figure 3.3 - Detail of Outdoor Test Section 25 Table 3.1 - Fan Specification...ESL-TR-88/07-01 AN EVALUATION OF IMPROPER REFRIGERANT CHARGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER WITH CAPILLARY TUBE EXPANSION FINAL REPORT Submitted by Mohsen Farzad Dennis L. O'Neal Prepared For ENERGY SYSTEMS LABORATORY RESEARCH...
User interface handles for web objects
On the desktop, users are accustomed to having visible handles to objects that they can organize, share, and manipulate. Web applications today feature many loosely defined classes of such objects, like flight itineraries, ...
Pham, Hubert
Compressed Gas Cylinder Safe Handling, Use and
Compressed Gas Cylinder Safe Handling, Use and Storage 2012 Workplace Safety and Environmental Protection #12;i College/Unit: Workplace Safety and Environmental Protection Procedure Title: Compressed Gas................................................ 4 7 General Gas Cylinder Information
Saskatchewan, University of
2004 Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines (Revised)
This document is a guide for those who blend, distribute, and use biodiesel and biodiesel blends. It is intended to fleets and individual users, blenders, distributors, and those involved in related activities understand procedures for handling and using biodiesel.
Dry purification of aspirational air in coke-sorting systems with wet slaking of coke
Coke transportation after wet slaking is accompanied by the release of dust in the production building and in the surrounding atmosphere. Wet methods are traditionally used to purify very humid air. Giprokoks has developed designs for highly efficient dry dust-removal methods in such conditions.
T.F. Trembach; A.G. Klimenko [Giprokoks, the State Institute for the Design of Coke-Industry Enterprises, Kharkov (Ukraine)
Experience on Commissioning of Heating/Cooling System and Thermal/Air Quality Environment
-Insulated and Air-Tightened Residential House in Kansai District, Japan, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2000, Espoo, Finland, Vol.2, PP.587-592, 2000.8. 4. T. Shimizu and N. Nakahara, Design and Measurements of an Aged-oriented House Aiming at Healthy...
Hokoi, S.; Miura, H.; Huang, Y.; Nakahara, N.; Iwamae, A.
Start-Up of Air Conditioning Systems After Periods of Shutdown (Humidity Considerations)
In many cases the single most important energy conservation measure that can be taken is to turn equipment off when it is not needed. In the case of air conditioning, this generally means turning it off when occupants leave and turning it back...
Todd, T. R.
Improving Control of a Dual-Duct Single-Fan Variable Air Volume Systems
cold and hot air duct static pressure set points is presented. The paper also explores the interactions between the cold and hot deck temperatures and duct static pressures, and discusses the impact of non-ideal deck temperature settings on duct static...
Wei, G.; Martinez, J.; Minihan, T.; Brundidge, T.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.
Contribution of Saharan dust in an integrated air quality system and its on-line assessment
and categorical (skill scores) statistics by a fully operational on-line comparison of the first-layer simulations since some of the objectives proposed by the EU Directives related to air quality for year 2010 are less-mass coastal re-circula- tions become large natural photo-chemical reactors where most of the NOx emissions
Performance and evaluation of gas-engine-driven split-system cooling equipment at the Willow Grove Naval Air Station
DOE`s Federal Energy Management Program supports efforts to reduce energy use and associated expenditures within the federal sector; one such effort, the New Technology Demonstration Program (NTDP)(formerly the Test Bed Demonstration program), seeks to evaluate new energy saving US technologies and secure their more timely adoption by the federal government. This report describes the field evaluation conducted to examine the performance of a 15-ton natural-gas-engine- driven, split-system, air-conditioning unit. The unit was installed at a multiple-use building at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, a regular and reserve training facility north of Philadelphia, and its performance was monitored under the NTDP.
Armstrong, P.R.; Schmelzer, J.R.
Algorithm and simulation development in support of response strategies for contamination events in air and water systems.
Chemical/Biological/Radiological (CBR) contamination events pose a considerable threat to our nation's infrastructure, especially in large internal facilities, external flows, and water distribution systems. Because physical security can only be enforced to a limited degree, deployment of early warning systems is being considered. However to achieve reliable and efficient functionality, several complex questions must be answered: (1) where should sensors be placed, (2) how can sparse sensor information be efficiently used to determine the location of the original intrusion, (3) what are the model and data uncertainties, (4) how should these uncertainties be handled, and (5) how can our algorithms and forward simulations be sufficiently improved to achieve real time performance? This report presents the results of a three year algorithmic and application development to support the identification, mitigation, and risk assessment of CBR contamination events. The main thrust of this investigation was to develop (1) computationally efficient algorithms for strategically placing sensors, (2) identification process of contamination events by using sparse observations, (3) characterization of uncertainty through developing accurate demands forecasts and through investigating uncertain simulation model parameters, (4) risk assessment capabilities, and (5) reduced order modeling methods. The development effort was focused on water distribution systems, large internal facilities, and outdoor areas.
Waanders, Bart Van Bloemen
Environmental Quality: Air (Louisiana)
The Department of Environmental Quality regulates air quality in Louisiana. The Department has an established a fee system for funding the monitoring, investigation and other activities required...
Aeronautical System Center's environmental compliance assessment and management program's cost-saving initiatives support the Air Force's acquisition reform initiative
The Environmental Management directorate of ASC (ASC/EM) has the responsibility of providing government oversight for the Government Owned Contractor Operated Aircraft and Missile plants (GOCOs). This oversight is manifested as a landlord role where Air Force provides the funding required to maintain the plant facilities including buildings and utilities as well as environmental systems. By agreement the companies operating the plants are required to operate them in accordance with environmental law. Presently the GOCOs include Air Force Plant (AFP) 6 in Marietta Ga., AFP 4 in Fort Worth, Tx., AFP 44 in Tucson, Az., AFP 42 in Palmdale, Ca., and AFP PJKS in Denver, Co. Lockheed Martin corporation operates AFPs 4,6, PJKS and a portion of AFP 42 while AFP 44 is operated by Raytheon Missile Systems Company. Other GOCOs at AFP 42 are Northrup-Grumman, Boeing, and Cabaco, the facilities engineer. Since 1992 the Environmental Management division has conducted its Environmental Compliance Assessment and Management Program assessments (ECAMP) annually at each of the plants. Using DOD's ECAMP Team Guide and teams comprised of both Air Force and consultant engineering personnel, each plant is assessed for its environmental compliance well being. In the face of rising operational costs and diminishing budgets ASC/EM performed a comprehensive review of its ECAMP. As a result, the basic ECAMP program was improved to reduce costs without compromising on quality of the effort. The program retained its emphasis in providing a snap-shot evaluation of each Air Force plant's environmental compliance health supported by complete but tailored protocol assessments.
Meanor, T.
Physical features of small disperse coal dust fraction transportation and structurization processes in iodine air filters of absorption type in ventilation systems at nuclear power plants
The research on the physical features of transportation and structurization processes by the air-dust aerosol in the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal adsorbent granules in an air filter of the adsorption type in the heating ventilation and cooling (HVAC) system at the nuclear power plant is completed. The physical origins of the coal dust masses distribution along the absorber with the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules during the air-dust aerosol intake process in the near the surface layer of absorber are researched. The quantitative technical characteristics of air filtering elements, which have to be considered during the optimization of air filters designs for the application in the ventilation systems at the nuclear power plants, are obtained.
Ledenyov, Oleg P; Poltinin, P Ya; Fedorova, L I
The Technical and Economical Analysis of a Centralized Air-Conditioning System with Cold Storage Refrigeration in High-Rise Residential Buildings
In recent years, the application of a centralized air-conditioning system (CACS) with cold storage refrigeration in high-rise residential buildings has gradually increased. Due to the large difference between civil residential buildings...
Xiang, C.; Xie, G.
Exception Handling i C: Evaluering og videreudvikling af makrobaseret 'Exception Handling'-funktionalitet i ANSI C.
??I dette projekt dokumenteres og evalueres det makrobaserede exception handling bibliotek "Cexcept" - udviklet i C - og funktionaliteten beskrives indga?ende. Derudover udvides implementationen med� (more)
Jermiin Ravn Moll, Jonas
Saving Energy in Industrial Compressed Air Systems: Issues and Obstacles in DSM Program Design
in capturing this potential through utility-sponsored DSM programs. Baltimore Gas & Electric Company (BG&E) has been investigating compressed air program design since 1991, and has offered rebate programs since January 1992. This paper will review BG... of performance, and incentive mechanisms. BACKGROUND Utility DSM for industrial customers has generally been developed as an offshoot of commercial programs targeting a few common end uses - lighting, HVAC, and motors. As DSM matures, however, utilities...
Trojanowski, D.; Parfomak, P.
High Efficiency Integrated Space Conditioning, Water Heating and Air Distribution System for HUD-Code Manufactured Housing
Recognizing the need for new space conditioning and water heating systems for manufactured housing, DeLima Associates assembled a team to develop a space conditioning system that would enhance comfort conditions while also reducing energy usage at the systems level. The product, Comboflair® was defined as a result of a needs analysis of project sponsors and industry stakeholders. An integrated system would be developed that would combine a packaged airconditioning system with a small-duct, high-velocity air distribution system. In its basic configuration, the source for space heating would be a gas water heater. The complete system would be installed at the manufactured home factory and would require no site installation work at the homesite as is now required with conventional split-system air conditioners. Several prototypes were fabricated and tested before a field test unit was completed in October 2005. The Comboflair® system, complete with ductwork, was installed in a 1,984 square feet, double-wide manufactured home built by Palm Harbor Homes in Austin, TX. After the home was transported and installed at a Palm Harbor dealer lot in Austin, TX, a data acquisition system was installed for remote data collection. Over 60 parameters were continuously monitored and measurements were transmitted to a remote site every 15 minutes for performance analysis. The Comboflair® system was field tested from February 2006 until April 2007. The cooling system performed in accordance with the design specifications. The heating system initially could not provide the needed capacity at peak heating conditions until the water heater was replaced with a higher capacity standard water heater. All system comfort goals were then met. As a result of field testing, we have identified improvements to be made to specific components for incorporation into production models. The Comboflair® system will be manufactured by Unico, Inc. at their new production facility in St. Louis, MO. The product will be initially launched in the hot-humid climates of the southern U.S.
Henry DeLima; Joe Akin; Joseph Pietsch
Development of cold seawater air conditioning systems for application as a demand side management tool for Hawaii and other subtropical climates
Because of the proximity to deep cold seawater for many coastal regions in Hawaii and the high demand for air conditioning in large buildings, seawater air conditioning (SWAC) is a major potential sustainable energy resource for Hawaii and other subtropical regions of the world. The basic concept of seawater air conditioning is the use deep cold seawater to cool the chilled water in one or more air conditioned buildings as opposed to using energy intensive refrigeration systems. The economic viability of the seawater air conditioning is determined by comparing the construction and operating costs of the seawater supply system to the construction and operating costs of conventional air conditioning systems. The State of Hawaii commissioned an analysis to identify the technical and economic opportunities and limitations in the use of SWAC in Hawaii. The result of this work is a feasibility analysis of SWAC systems in the state and the potential associated energy savings. The study looked at the prospects of installing such a system at a major new resort development on Oahu called West Beach.
Kaya, M.H. [State of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Dept. of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism
Bulk materials handling equipment roundup
The article reports recent product developments in belt conveyors. Flexco Steel Lancing Co. (Flexco) has a range of light, portable maintenance tools and offers training modules on procedures for belt conveyor maintenance on its website www.flexcosafe.com. Siemens recently fitted a 19 km long conveyor belt drive system at a Texan aluminium plant with five 556-kW Simovent Masterdrive VC drives. Voith recently launched the TPKL-T turbo coupling for users who want an alignment-free drive solution. Belt cleaners newly on the market include the RemaClean SGB brush and ASGCO Manufacturing's Razor-Back with Spray bar. Continental Conveyor has introduced a new line of dead-shaft pulleys offering increased bearing protection. 6 photos.
Fiscor, S.
Submitted 2/08 International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT 2008) www.icrat.org Copyright Center for Air Transportation Systems Research (CATSR)/GMU 02/08
Submitted 2/08 International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT 2008) www for future investment decisions and better tools to manage the system. The passenger flow simulation model protected by anti-trust collusion concerns and civil liberty privacy restrictions. Wang et al developed
Solutions for Summer Electric Power Shortages: Demand Response and its Applications in Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Systems
for DR and demand side management, along with operationalresponse), DSM (demand side management), DR strategy, air
Han, Junqiao; Piette, Mary Ann
Simulations of flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transitions in methane-air systems
Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transitions (DDT) in large obstructed channels filled with a stoichiometric methane-air mixture are simulated using a single-step reaction mechanism. The reaction parameters are calibrated using known velocities and length scales of laminar flames and detonations. Calculations of the flame dynamics and DDT in channels with obstacles are compared to previously reported experimental data. The results obtained using the simple reaction model qualitatively, and in many cases, quantitatively match the experiments and are found to be largely insensitive to small variations in model parameters. (author)
Kessler, D.A.; Gamezo, V.N.; Oran, E.S. [Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC (United States)
DOE handbook: Tritium handling and safe storage
The DOE Handbook was developed as an educational supplement and reference for operations and maintenance personnel. Most of the tritium publications are written from a radiological protection perspective. This handbook provides more extensive guidance and advice on the null range of tritium operations. This handbook can be used by personnel involved in the full range of tritium handling from receipt to ultimate disposal. Compliance issues are addressed at each stage of handling. This handbook can also be used as a reference for those individuals involved in real time determination of bounding doses resulting from inadvertent tritium releases. This handbook provides useful information for establishing processes and procedures for the receipt, storage, assay, handling, packaging, and shipping of tritium and tritiated wastes. It includes discussions and advice on compliance-based issues and adds insight to those areas that currently possess unclear DOE guidance.
air dispersion modeling: Topics by E-print Network
A study of time-dependent responses of a mechanical displacement ventilation (DV) system and an underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system : building energy performance of the UFAD system
climates, annual electricity consumption of UFAD is alwaysso the cooling electricity consumption has become importantsummers, the electricity consumption for air conditioning
Yu, Jong Keun
Remote-Handled Transuranic Content Codes
The Remote-Handled Transuranic (RH-TRU) Content Codes (RH-TRUCON) document representsthe development of a uniform content code system for RH-TRU waste to be transported in the 72-Bcask. It will be used to convert existing waste form numbers, content codes, and site-specificidentification codes into a system that is uniform across the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites.The existing waste codes at the sites can be grouped under uniform content codes without any lossof waste characterization information. The RH-TRUCON document provides an all-encompassing|description for each content code and compiles this information for all DOE sites. Compliance withwaste generation, processing, and certification procedures at the sites (outlined in this document foreach content code) ensures that prohibited waste forms are not present in the waste. The contentcode gives an overall description of the RH-TRU waste material in terms of processes and|packaging, as well as the generation location. This helps to provide cradle-to-grave traceability ofthe waste material so that the various actions required to assess its qualification as payload for the72-B cask can be performed. The content codes also impose restrictions and requirements on themanner in which a payload can be assembled.The RH-TRU Waste Authorized Methods for Payload Control (RH-TRAMPAC), Appendix 1.3.7of the 72-B Cask Safety Analysis Report (SAR), describes the current governing procedures|applicable for the qualification of waste as payload for the 72-B cask. The logic for this|classification is presented in the 72-B Cask SAR. Together, these documents (RH-TRUCON,|RH-TRAMPAC, and relevant sections of the 72-B Cask SAR) present the foundation and|justification for classifying RH-TRU waste into content codes. Only content codes described in thisdocument can be considered for transport in the 72-B cask. Revisions to this document will be madeas additional waste qualifies for transport. |Each content code uniquely identifies the generated waste and provides a system for tracking theprocess and packaging history. Each content code begins with a two-letter site abbreviation thatindicates the shipper of the RH-TRU waste. The site-specific letter designations for each of the|DOE sites are provided in Table 1. Not all of the sites listed in Table 1 have generated/stored RH-|TRU waste.
Washington TRU Solutions
Analysis of an open-air swimming pool solar heating system by using an experimentally validated TRNSYS model
In the case of private outdoor swimming pools, seldom larger than 100 m{sup 2}, conventional auxiliary heating systems are being installed less and less. Solar heating is an option to extend the swimming season. The temperature evolution of an open-air swimming pool highly depends on the wind speed directly on the water surface, which at the same time is influenced by the surroundings of the pool. In this paper, the TRNSYS model of a private open-air pool with a 50-m{sup 2} surface was validated by registering the water temperature evolution and the meteorological data at the pool site. Evaporation is the main component of energy loss in swimming pools. Six different sets of constants found in literature were considered to evaluate the evaporative heat transfer coefficient with the purpose of finding the most suitable one for the TRNSYS pool model. In order to do that, the evolution of the pool water temperature predicted by the TRNSYS pool model was compared with the experimentally registered one. The simulation with TRNSYS of the total system, including the swimming pool and the absorber circuit integrated into the existing filter circuit, provided information regarding the increase of the pool temperature for different collector areas during the swimming season. This knowledge, together with the economic costs, support the decision about the absorber field size. (author)
Ruiz, Elisa; Martinez, Pedro J. [Universidad Miguel Hernandez - Edificio Torreblanca, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Spain)
Field Test of High Efficiency Residential Buildings with Ground-source and Air-source Heat Pump Systems
This paper describes the field performance of space conditioning and water heating equipment in four single-family residential structures with advanced thermal envelopes. Each structure features a different, advanced thermal envelope design: structural insulated panel (SIP); optimum value framing (OVF); insulation with embedded phase change materials (PCM) for thermal storage; and exterior insulation finish system (EIFS). Three of the homes feature ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) for space conditioning and water heating while the fourth has a two-capacity air-source heat pump (ASHP) and a heat pump water heater (HPWH). Two of the GCHP-equipped homes feature horizontal ground heat exchange (GHX) loops that utillize the existing foundation and utility service trenches while the third features a vertical borehole with vertical u-tube GHX. All of the houses were operated under the same simulated occupancy conditions. Operational data on the house HVAC/Water heating (WH) systems are presented and factors influencing overall performance are summarized.
Ally, Moonis Raza [ORNL] [ORNL; Munk, Jeffrey D [ORNL] [ORNL; Baxter, Van D [ORNL] [ORNL
Maglev vehicles and superconductor technology: Integration of high-speed ground transportation into the air travel system
This study was undertaken to (1) evaluate the potential contribution of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) to the technical and economic feasibility of magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles, (2) determine the status of maglev transportation research in the United States and abroad, (3) identify the likelihood of a significant transportation market for high-speed maglev vehicles, and (4) provide a preliminary assessment of the potential energy and economic benefits of maglev systems. HTSCs should be considered as an enhancing, rather than an enabling, development for maglev transportation because they should improve reliability and reduce energy and maintenance costs. Superconducting maglev transportation technologies were developed in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Federal support was withdrawn in 1975, but major maglev transportation programs were continued in Japan and West Germany, where full-scale prototypes now carry passengers at speeds of 250 mi/h in demonstration runs. Maglev systems are generally viewed as very-high-speed train systems, but this study shows that the potential market for maglev technology as a train system, e.g., from one downtown to another, is limited. Rather, aircraft and maglev vehicles should be seen as complementing rather than competing transportation systems. If maglev systems were integrated into major hub airport operations, they could become economical in many relatively high-density US corridors. Air traffic congestion and associated noise and pollutant emissions around airports would also be reduced. 68 refs., 26 figs., 16 tabs.
Johnson, L.R.; Rote, D.M.; Hull, J.R.; Coffey, H.T.; Daley, J.G.; Giese, R.F.
Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Website Policies and Important Links
Search capabilities provided by DOE/OSTI