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Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great Basin Abstract A close spatial relationship exists between Quaternary borate deposits and moderate to high...
Remote Detection of Quaternary Borate Deposits with ASTER Satellite...
Exploration Tool Abstract In the Great Basin of the western United States, geothermal fluids are sometimes associated with surface crusts of borate evaporite minerals. These...
Remote Detection Of Quaternary Borate Deposits With Aster Satellite Imagery
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revisionEnvReviewNonInvasiveExplorationUT-g Grant of Access(California and Hawaii). Task 3:Western Us |RelictAs A
Remote Detection of Quaternary Borate Deposits with ASTER Satellite Imagery
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revisionEnvReviewNonInvasiveExplorationUT-g Grant of Access(California and Hawaii). Task 3:Western Us |RelictAs
Quaternary Borate Deposits As A Geothermal Exploration Tool In The Great
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revisionEnvReviewNonInvasiveExploration JumpSanyalTempWellheadWahkiakum CountyPzero Jump to:QuadRanchoSanta
Late Quaternary deposition and facies model for karstic Lake Estanya (North-eastern Spain)
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Late Quaternary deposition and facies model for karstic Lake Estanya (North-eastern Spain) MARIO-50059 Zaragoza, Spain (E-mail: email@example.com) EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Research Ca´diz, Poli´gono Ri´o San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Ca´diz), Spain Associate Editor: Stephen
Gilli, Adrian
Alluvial deposition and lake-level fluctuations forced by Late Quaternary climate change: the Dead Sea case example
-level fluctuations, alluvial deposition and river entrenchment in the Dead Sea�Wadi Araba area. The bulk of alluvium in the northern Wadi Araba was probably deposited before the Lisan period of lake transgression that started
Klinger, Yann
Quaternary Science Reviews 20 (2001) 705}713 The timing of coversand deposition in northwest Norfolk, UK
are all well bleached, with consequent implications for existing thermoluminescence (TL) dates on UK. Infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating of feldspars has been undertaken on "ve samples from to provide accurate dates for deposition of the sand sheets, challenging the assumption that coversands
Clarke, Michèle
Passive safety injection system using borated water
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A passive safety injection system relies on differences in water density to induce natural circulatory flow patterns which help maintain prescribed concentrations of boric acid in borated water, and prevents boron from accumulating in the reactor vessel and possibly preventing heat transfer.
Conway, Lawrence E. (Allegheny, PA); Schulz, Terry L. (Westmoreland, PA)
E-Print Network 3.0 - aluminum borate whisker Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
borate whisker Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: aluminum borate whisker Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Chemical Preparation of Aluminum...
Quaternary Science Reviews ] (
for Marine Sciences, East Coast Building, Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany Abstract The maximum limits, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA i Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, Lund with geological field investigations in Russia and Siberia, and with marine seismic- and sediment core data
Born, Andreas
Towards modeling gadolinium-lead-borate glasses
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Infrared spectra of gadolinium-lead-borate glasses of the xGd{sub 2}O{sub 3}.(100 - x)[3B{sub 2}O{sub 3}.PbO] system, where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35 and 50 mol.%, have been recorded to explore the role of content of gadolinium ions behaving as glass modifier. The FTIR spectroscopy data for the xGd{sub 2}O{sub 3}.(1 - x)[3B{sub 2}O{sub 3}.PbO] glasses show the structural role of lead ions as a network-formers and of the gadolinium ions network modifiers. Adding of the rare earth ion up to 35 mol.% into the glass matrix, the IR bands characteristic to the studied glasses become sharper and more pronounced. Structural changes, as recognized by analyzing band shapes of IR spectra, revealed that Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} causes a change from the continuous borate network to the continuous lead-borate network interconnected through Pb-O-B and B-O-B bridges and the transformation of some tetrahedral [BO{sub 4}] units into trigonal [BO{sub 3}] units. Then, gadolinium ions have affinity towards [BO{sub 3}] structural units which contain non-bridging oxygens necessary for the charge compensation because the more electronegative [BO{sub 3}] structural units were implied in the formation of B-O-Gd bonds and the transformation of glass network into a glass ceramic. We propose a possible structural model of building blocks for the formation of continuous random 3B{sub 2}O{sub 3}.PbO network glass used by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations show that lead atoms occupy three different sites in the proposed model. The first is coordinated with six oxygen atoms forming distorted octahedral geometries. The second lead atom has an octahedral oxygen environment and the five longer Pb-O bonds are considered as participating in the metal coordination scheme. The third lead atom has ionic character. In agreement with the results offered by the experimental FTIR data, the theoretical IR data confirm that our proposed structure is highly possible.
Rada, S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Ristoiu, T. [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)] [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Rada, M. [Department of Mechatronic, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)] [Department of Mechatronic, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Coroiu, I. [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)] [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Maties, V. [Department of Mechatronic, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)] [Department of Mechatronic, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Culea, E. [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)] [Department of Physics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
Hot Pot Detail - Evidence of Quaternary Faulting
Compilation of published data, field observations and photo interpretation relevant to Quaternary faulting at Hot Pot.
Lane, Michael
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Borated Stainless Steel Alloys
The Department of Energy Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management has specified borated stainless steel manufactured to the requirements of ASTM A 887-89, Grade A, UNS S30464, to be the material used for the fabrication of the fuel basket internals of the preliminary transportation, aging, and disposal canister system preliminary design. The long-term corrosion resistance performance of this class of borated materials must be verified when exposed to expected YMP repository conditions after a waste package breach. Electrochemical corrosion tests were performed on crevice corrosion coupons of Type 304 B4 and Type 304 B5 borated stainless steels exposed to single postulated in-package chemistry at 60�C. The results show low corrosion rates for the test period
lister, tedd e; Mizia, Ronald E
Borate-containing oil-in-water microemulsion fluid
An oil-in-water emulsion is described that contains water, oil, borate and a surfactant to prevent the separation of the components into various phases. Suitable oils include both natural and synthetic oil. Preferred are the lower viscosity mineral oils having viscosities ranging from 10 centistroke at 40 C to 100 centistroke at 40 C. Mineral oil fractions of naphthenic-based stocks also are preferred because of their ease of emulsification as compared to paraffinic-based stocks. Suitable synthetic oils include the diesters, alkyl benzenes, and polyalphaolefins. The hydrated potassium borates are preferred. Suitable surfactants include the anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants. 5 claims.
Stayner, R.A.
Introduction Preliminaries Construction of Quaternary Sequences Construction of Familes References New Construction of Quaternary Sequences
Introduction Preliminaries Construction of Quaternary Sequences Construction of Familes References New Construction of Quaternary Sequences with Good Correlation Using Binary Sequences with Good University May 28, 2010 May 28, 2010 2010 CITS 2nd 1/ 34 #12;Introduction Preliminaries Construction
No, Jong-Seon
Late Quaternary geomorphology and soils in Crater Flat, Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada
Late Quaternary geomorphology and soils in Crater Flat, Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada for a Crater Flat cation-leaching curve. This curve differs somewhat from a previous Yucca Mountain curve10 from a previous ``surficial deposits'' stratigraphy used in the Yucca Mountain area. Although
Dorn, Ron
Chemical Preparation of Aluminum Borate Whiskers I. Erkin GNENLI and A. Cneyt TAS
Chemical Preparation of Aluminum Borate Whiskers I. Erkin G�?NENLI and A. Cüneyt TAS Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06531, Turkey Aluminum borate chemicals of aluminum sulphate and boric acid. The synthesis temperature of 1075°C was found
Tas, A. Cuneyt
General and Localized Corrosion of Borated Stainless Steels
The Transportation, Aging and Disposal (TAD) canister-based system is being proposed to transport and store spent nuclear fuel at the Monitored Geologic Repository (MGR) located at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The preliminary design of this system identifies borated stainless steel as the neutron absorber material that will be used to fabricate fuel basket inserts for nuclear criticality control. This paper discusses corrosion test results for verifying the performance of this material manufactured to the requirements of ASTM A887, Grade A, under the expected repository conditions.
T.E. Lister; Ronald E. Mizia; A.W. Erickson; T.L. Trowbridge; B. S. Matteson
Third order nonlinear optical properties of bismuth zinc borate glasses
Third order nonlinear optical characterization of bismuth zinc borate glasses are reported here using different laser pulse durations. Bismuth zinc borate glasses with compositions xBi{sub 2}O{sub 3}-30ZnO-(70-x) B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (where x?=?30, 35, 40, and 45?mol. %) have been prepared by melt quenching method. These glasses were characterized by Raman, UV-Vis absorption, and Z scan measurements. Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopic results indicate that non-bridging oxygens increase with increase of bismuth content in the glass. Nonlinear absorption and refraction behavior in the nanosecond (ns), picosecond (ps), and femtosecond (fs) time domains were studied in detail. Strong reverse saturable absorption due to dominant two-photon absorption (TPA) was observed with both ps and fs excitations. In the case of ns pulse excitations, TPA and free-carrier absorption processes contribute for the nonlinear absorption. Two-photon absorption coefficient (?) and the absorption cross section due to free carriers (?{sub e}) are estimated by theoretical fit of the open aperture Z-scan measurements and found to be dependent on the amount of bismuth oxide in the glass composition. In both ns and fs regimes the sign and magnitude of the third order nonlinearity are evaluated, and the optical limiting characteristics are also reported.
Shanmugavelu, B.; Ravi Kanth Kumar, V. V., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014 (India); Kuladeep, R.; Narayana Rao, D. [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh (India)
Nickel-Borate Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst that Functions under Benign Conditions
Thin catalyst films with electrocatalytic water oxidation properties similar to those of a recently reported Co-based catalyst can be electrodeposited from dilute Ni2+ solutions in borate electrolyte at pH 9.2 (Bi). The ...
Nocera, Daniel G.
Lithium borate cluster salts as novel redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells.
Redox shuttle is a promising mechanism for intrinsic overcharge protection in lithium-ion cells and batteries. Two lithium borate cluster salts are reported to function as both the main salt for a nonaqueous electrolyte and the redox shuttle for overcharge protection. Lithium borate cluster salts with a tunable redox potential are promising candidates for overcharge protection for most positive electrodes in state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells.
Chen, Z.; Liu, J.; Jansen, A. N.; Casteel, B.; Amine, K.; GirishKumar, G.; Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Surface-Active Quaternary Amino Polyfluorosiloxanes
of hydrophobic fluorocarbon groups and hydrophilic quaternary ammonium group in the flexible siloxane backbone prepared by quaternization of fluorocarbon amines using alkyl halide. Quaternary fluorocarbon7 (CF3)2CF(CF2
Chaudhury, Manoj K.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Water Channel Blockers
/AQP2/AQP4, whereas the water permeability of AQP3 and AQP5, which lack a corresponding TyrQuaternary Ammonium Compounds as Water Channel Blockers SPECIFICITY, POTENCY, AND SITE OF ACTION, West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ Scotland, United Kingdom Excessive water uptake through Aquaporins (AQP) can
de Groot, Bert
Espizua, L. (2004). Pleistocene glaciations in the Mendoza Andes, Argentina. In Quaternary Glaciations Extent
Espizu´a, L. (2004). Pleistocene glaciations in the Mendoza Andes, Argentina. In Quaternary´o Mendoza valley, Argentina. Quaternary Science Reviews 17, 755760. Hall, K. (2004). Quaternary glaciation Aires, 46 S, Argentina. Quaternary Research 63, 301315. Mahaney, W. (2004). Quaternary glacial
Sheldon, Nathan D.
Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern...
Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Report: Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern Nevada Abstract Abstract...
Tetrakis(1-imidazolyl) borate (BIM4) based zwitterionic and related molecules used as electron injection layers
Tetrakis(1-imidazolyl)borate (BIm4) based zwitterionic and/or related molecules for the fabrication of PLEDs is provided. Device performances with these materials approaches that of devices with Ba/Al cathodes for which the cathode contact is ohmic. Methods of producing such materials, and electron injection layers and devices containing these materials are also provided.
Li, Huaping; Xu, Yunhua; Bazan, Guillermo C
Structure-Activity Correlations in a Nickel-Borate Oxygen Evolution D. Kwabena Bediako,
Structure-Activity Correlations in a Nickel-Borate Oxygen Evolution Catalyst D. Kwabena Bediako of the electrodeposited films, is accompanied by structure and oxidation state changes. Coulometric measurements correlated with X-ray absorption near- edge structure spectra of the active catalyst show that the nickel
Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 12291271 Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia
Ingólfsson, �?lafur
Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland OLE BENNIKE
Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland OLE BENNIKE Bennike, O. 2002 (September): Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland. Boreas, Vol. 31, 260�272. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483. During the last glacial stage, Washington Land in western North Greenland was probably completely inun
Ing�lfsson, �lafur
Transition metal complexes of oxazolinylboranes and cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borates: Catalysts for asymmetric olefin hydroamination and acceptorless alcohol decarbonylation
The research presented and discussed in this dissertation involves the synthesis of transition metal complexes of oxazolinylboranes and cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borates, and their application in catalytic enantioselective olefin hydroamination and acceptorless alcohol decarbonylation. Neutral oxazolinylboranes are excellent synthetic intermediates for preparing new borate ligands and also developing organometallic complexes. Achiral and optically active bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes are synthesized by reaction of 2-lithio-2-oxazolide and 0.50 equiv of dichlorophenylborane. These bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes are oligomeric species in solid state resulting from the coordination of an oxazoline to the boron center of another borane monomer. The treatment of chiral bis(oxazolinyl)phenylboranes with sodium cyclopentadienide provide optically active cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borates H[PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 5})(Ox{sup R}){sub 2}] [Ox{sup R} = Ox{sup 4S-iPr,Me2}, Ox{sup 4R-iPr,Me2}, Ox{sup 4S-tBu]}. These optically active proligands react with an equivalent of M(NMe{sub 2}){sub 4} (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) to afford corresponding cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borato group 4 complexes {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup R}){sub 2}}M(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} in high yields. These group 4 compounds catalyze cyclization of aminoalkenes at room temperature or below, providing pyrrolidine, piperidine, and azepane with enantiomeric excesses up to 99%. Our mechanistic investigations suggest a non-insertive mechanism involving concerted C?N/C?H bond formation in the turnover limiting step of the catalytic cycle. Among cyclopentadienyl-bis(oxazolinyl)borato group 4 catalysts, the zirconium complex {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup 4S-iPr,Me2}){sub 2}}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} ({S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2}) displays highest activity and enantioselectivity. Interestingly, {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} also desymmetrizes olefin moieties of achiral non-conjugated aminodienes and aminodiynes during cyclization. The cyclization of aminodienes catalyzed by {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} affords diastereomeric mixture of cis and trans cylic amines with high diasteromeric ratios and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Similarly, the desymmetrization of alkyne moieties in {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2}-catalyzed cyclization of aminodiynes provides corresponding cyclic imines bearing quaternary stereocenters with enantiomeric excesses up to 93%. These stereoselective desymmetrization reactions are significantly affected by concentration of the substrate, temperature, and the presence of a noncyclizable primary amine. In addition, both the diastereomeric ratios and enantiomeric excesses of the products are markedly enhanced by N-deuteration of the substrates. Notably, the cationic zirconium-monoamide complex [{S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2})][B(C{sub 6}F{sub 5}){sub 4}] obtained from neutral {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} cyclizes primary aminopentenes providing pyrrolidines with S-configuration; whereas {S-2}Zr(NMe{sub 2}){sub 2} provides R-configured pyrrolidines. The yttrium complex {S-2}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} also affords S-configured pyrrolidines by cyclization of aminopentenes, however the enantiomeric excesses of products are low. An alternative optically active yttrium complex {PhB(C{sub 5}H{sub 4})(Ox{sup 4S-tBu}){sub 2}}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} ({S-3}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3}) is synthesized, which displays highly enantioselective in the cyclization of aminoalkenes at room temperature affording S-configured cyclic amines with enantiomeric excesses up to 96%. A noninsertive mechanism involving a six-membered transition state by a concerted C?N bond formation and N?H bond cleavage is proposed for {S-3}YCH{sub 2}SiMe{sub 3} system based on the kinetic, spectroscopic, and stereochemical features. In the end, a series of bis- and tris(oxazolinyl)borato iridium and rhodium complexes are synthesized with bis(oxazolinyl)phenylborane [PhB(Ox{sup Me2}){sub 2}]{sub n}, tris(oxazolinyl)borane [B(Ox{sup Me2}){sub 3}]n, and tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate [To{sup M}]{sup ?}. All these new an
Manna, Kuntal [Ames Laboratory
Decoupling of uranium metal with borated plast using /sup 252/Cf noise analysis methods
The use of borated plaster to isolate uranium (93.2 wt % /sup 235/U) metal was studied in a series of subcritical experiments with uranium metal cylinders (7.0 in. in diameter and 2.0 in. thick) and slabs (approx. 1.4 x approx. 5.4 x approx. 10.1 in. dimensions). In the cylindrical experiments, the thickness of borated plaster was varied up to 10 in. and the subcriticality measured using the /sup 252/Cf-source-driven neutron noise analysis method. In the experiments with the uranium slabs, an array of slabs three wide and eight high was assembled in steps to demonstrate the subcriticality of this array with 3.75-in.-thick borated plaster as an isolating material between all uranium slabs. In the slab experiments, both noise analysis and source neutron multiplication measurements were performed. Before assembly of the slab array, the presence of boron in the plaster was verified by neutron transmission and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements.
Mihalczo, J.T.; King, W.T.; Blakeman, E.D.
Decoupling of uranium metal with borated plaster using /sup 252/Cf nose analysis methods
The use of borated plaster to isolate uranium (93.2 wt % /sup 235/U) metal was studied in a series of subcritical experiments with uranium metal cylinders (7.0 in. diam, 2.0 in. thick) and slabs (approx.1.4 x approx.5.4 x approx.10.1 in. dimensions). In the cylindrical experiments, the thickness of borated plaster was varied up to 10 in. and the subcriticality measured using the /sup 252/Cf-source-driven neutron noise analysis method. In the experiments with the uranium slabs, an array of slabs 3 wide and 8 high was assembled in steps to demonstrate the subcriticality of this array with 3.75-in.-thick borated plaster as an isolating material between all uranium slabs. In the slab experiments, both noise analysis and source neutron multiplication measurements were performed. Before assembly of the slab array the presence of boron in the plaster was verified by neutron transmission and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements.
Quaternary Glaciations in the Lago Pueyrred�n Valley, Argentina�
This thesis develops a better knowledge of the extent and timing of glaciations in southern Argentina throughout the Quaternary. It provides a detailed understanding of successive major glacial outlet lobes in the Lago Pueyrred�n valley...
Hein, Andrew S.
Mechanical property evaluation of porous 13-93 Bioactive Glass and GL1550 Borate Glass 3D scaffolds D. Li, A. Scully, and T. M. G. Chu
Mechanical property evaluation of porous 13-93 Bioactive Glass and GL1550 Borate Glass 3D scaffolds-glass (A) and GL1550 borate bioactive-glass (B) powders, at different sintering temperatures, and with (failure, Pb) of scaffolds made from 13-93 bioactive- glass and GL1550 bioactive-glass powders are compared
Zhou, Yaoqi
E-Print Network 3.0 - all-carbon quaternary stereogenic Sample...
attached to protons (don't worry about quaternary carbon shifts). Set the dofdecoupler offset for carbon... can be very useful to see quaternary peaks when there isn't ......
E-Print Network 3.0 - all-carbon quaternary stereocenters Sample...
Quaternary morphotectonic mapping of the Wadi Araba and implications for the tectonic activity of the southern
Quaternary morphotectonic mapping of the Wadi Araba and implications for the tectonic activity, the Wadi Araba fault, runs along a valley blanketed in Quaternary sediments. We first focused. Finkel, O. Mayyas, and P. Tapponnier (2012), Quaternary morphotectonic mapping of the Wadi Araba
LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATION OF THE ERCIYES VOLCANO, CENTRAL TURKEY SARIKAYA, M. Akif1, �?INER, Attila, Turkey, email@example.com, (2) Hydrology and Water Resources, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Mount Erciyes (3917 m), highest stratovolcano of Central Turkey, is located in the northeastern part
Zreda, Marek
Luminescence properties of Sm{sup 3+} impurities in strontium lithium bismuth borate glasses
In the present work, different concentrations of Sm{sup 3+}-doped strontium lithium bismuth borate glasses (SLBiB) were prepared by melt quench technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis. Using the J-O intensity parameters, emission and decay measurements various radiative properties are studied. The nature of decay curves of {sup 4}G{sub 5/2} level for different Sm{sup 3+} ion concentrations in SLBiB glasses has been analyzed. The intensities of observed emission peaks and measured lifetimes decrease with the increase of Sm{sup 3+} ion concentration which may be due to energy transfer between excited Sm{sup 3+} ions through cross-relaxations and resonant energy channels.
Rajesh, D.; Ratnakaram, Y. C.; Seshadri, M.; Balakrishna, A. [Department of Physics,Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupati-517502 (India)
Bis(fluoromalonato)borate (BFMB) Anion Based Ionic Liquid As an Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a good solvent for lithium ion battery applications due to its low melting point and high dielectric constant. However, PC is easily intercalated into graphite causing it to exfoliate, killing its electrochemical performance. Here we report on the synthesis of a new ionic liquid electrolyte based on partially fluorinated borate anion, 1-butyl-1,2-dimethylimidazolium bis(fluoromalonato)borate (BDMIm.BFMB), which can be used as an additive in 1 M LiPF6/PC electrolyte to suppress graphite exfoliation and improve cycling performance. In addition, both PC and BDMIm.BFMB can be used synergistically as additive to 1.0M LiPF6/methyl isopropyl sulfone (MIPS) to dramatically improve its cycling performance. It is also found that the chemistry nature of the ionic liquids has dramatic effect on their role as additive in PC based electrolyte.
Sun, Xiao-Guang [ORNL] [ORNL; Liao, Chen [ORNL] [ORNL; Baggetto, Loic [ORNL] [ORNL; Guo, Bingkun [ORNL] [ORNL; Unocic, Raymond R [ORNL] [ORNL; Veith, Gabriel M [ORNL] [ORNL; Dai, Sheng [ORNL] [ORNL
Petrological comparison of some tertiary and quaternary sands from Brazos and adjourning counties, Texas
//ipyramids of quartz in the Catahoula sands differ- / / entiates them from P ~ternary sands. The Claiborne sands contain much , , ' / muscovite. Volcarj g glass is common in the Jackson sends. / Angular-s+' gular roundness ratios vary for both Tertiary... and / / / Quaternary sar g. Occasional angular-subangular ratio va1ues in excess / / of 2. 00 are saracteristic of the Quaternary sands. / / Glaua' gite is more common in Tertiary than in Quaternary sands. / / / Add' Lional petrological studies of the clay...
Elsik, William Clinton
E-Print Network 3.0 - alcohol-based quaternary ammonium Sample...
of which one family of molecules was pointed out: the Quaternary Ammonium Compounds... rainwater will only collect roof runoff contaminated by ... Source: Ecole Polytechnique,...
Comparison of Lithium Gadolinium Borate Crystal Shards in Scintillating and Nonscintillating Plastic Matrices
We present a method for detecting neutrons using scintillating lithium gadolinium borate crystal shards in a plastic matrix while maintaining high gamma rejection. We have procured two cylindrical detectors, 5"\\times5", containing 1% crystal by mass. Crystal shards have a typical dimension of 1 mm. One detector was made with scintillating plastic, and one with nonscintillating plastic. Pulse shape analysis was used to reject gamma ray backgrounds. The scintillating detector was measured to have an intrinsic fast fission neutron efficiency of 0.4% and a gamma sensitivity of less than 2.3 \\times 10-9, while the nonscintillating detector had a neutron efficiency of 0.7% and gamma sensitivity of (4.75\\pm3.94)\\times10-9. We determine that increasing the neutron detection efficiency by a factor of 2 will make the detector competitive with moderated 3He tubes, and we discuss several simple and straightforward methods for obtaining or surpassing such an improvement. We end with a discussion of possible applications, both for the scintillating-plastic and nonscintillating-plastic detectors.
Kareem Kazkaz; Nathaniel S. Bowden; Marisa Pedretti
Late Quaternary variability of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes in the eastern South Pacific Ocean
Late Quaternary variability of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes in the eastern South Pacific Ocean), Late Quaternary variability of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes in the eastern South Pacific Ocean) in the water columns of the Arabian Sea (AS) and the eastern North and South Pacific oceans (ENP; ESP) holds
Demouchy, Sylvie
Thermal properties of quaternary ammonium and pyridinium compounds
In the present work an attempt was made at a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the chemical structure of a whole series of cation-active surfactants on the stability to temperature influences, and the general directions of the irreversible transformations at high temperature were established. As a result of a study of processes of thermal decomposition of quaternary ammonium and syridinium salts, quantitative correlations were established according to the influence of the chemical structure of the salts on the limits of thermal stability. On the basis of a detailed analysis of volatile pyrolysis products, concrete schemes of the conversions in the objects studied were proposed.
Aksenova, V.P.; Khar'kov, S.N.; Logovotovskaya, V.D.; Belotserkovets, N.I.; Chegolya, A.S.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lithium Bis(fluoromalonato)borate (LiBFMB) for Lithium Ion Battery Applications
A new orthochelated salt, lithium bis(monofluoromalonato)borate (LiBFMB), has been synthesized and purified for the first time for application in lithium ion batteries. The presence of fluorine in the borate anion of LiBFMB increases its oxidation potential and also facilitates ion dissociation, as reflected by the ratio of ionic conductivity measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( exp) and that by ion diffusivity coefficients obtained using pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) technique ( NMR). Half-cell tests using 5.0 V lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) as a cathode and EC/DMC/DEC as a solvent reveals that the impedance of the LiBFMB cell is much larger than those of LiPF6 and LiBOB based cells, which results in lower capacity and poor cycling performance of the former. XPS spectra of the cycled cathode electrode suggest that because of the stability of the LiBFMB salt, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the cathode surface is significantly different from those of LiPF6 and LiBOB based electrolytes, resulting in more solvent decomposition and thicker SEI layer. Initial results also indicate that using high dielectric constant solvent PC alters the surface chemistry, reduces the interfacial impedance, and enhances the performance of LiBFMB based 5.0V cell.
Liao, Chen [ORNL] [ORNL; Han, Kee Sung [ORNL] [ORNL; Baggetto, Loic [ORNL] [ORNL; Hillesheim, Daniel A [ORNL] [ORNL; Custelcean, Radu [ORNL] [ORNL; Lee, Dr. Eun-Sung [University of Texas at Austin] [University of Texas at Austin; Guo, Bingkun [ORNL] [ORNL; Bi, Zhonghe [ORNL] [ORNL; Jiang, Deen [ORNL] [ORNL; Veith, Gabriel M [ORNL] [ORNL; Hagaman, Edward {Ed} W [ORNL; Brown, Gilbert M [ORNL] [ORNL; Bridges, Craig A [ORNL] [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL] [ORNL; Manthiram, Arumugam [University of Texas at Austin] [University of Texas at Austin; Dai, Sheng [ORNL] [ORNL; Sun, Xiao-Guang [ORNL] [ORNL
OMVPE Growth of Quaternary (Al,Ga,In)N for UV Optoelectronics (title change from A)
We report the growth and characterization of quaternary AlGaInN. A combination of photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) characterizations enables us to explore the contours of constant PL peak energy and lattice parameter as functions of the quaternary compositions. The observation of room temperature PL emission at 351nm (with 20% Al and 5% In) renders initial evidence that the quaternary could be used to provide confinement for GaInN (and possibly GaN). AlGaInN/GrdnN MQW heterostructures have been grown; both XRD and PL measurements suggest the possibility of incorporating this quaternary into optoelectronic devices.
E-Print Network 3.0 - all-carbon quaternary centers Sample Search...
attached to protons (don't worry about quaternary carbon shifts). Set the dofdecoupler offset for carbon... on the wall. Set the dof to be in the center of where the carbon ......
Modeling of activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium salts with the
with the electrolyte-NRTL equation Lionel S. Belv�ze, Joan F. Brennecke* and Mark A. Stadtherr Department of Chemical-liquid (NRTL) model proposed by Chen et al.,1 can be applied to model activity coefficients of quaternary
Stadtherr, Mark A.
Structure and optical properties of a noncentrosymmetric borate RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}
A new noncentrosymmetric borate, RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (abbreviated as RSBO), has been grown from Rb{sub 2}O--B{sub 2}O{sub 3}--RbF flux and its crystal structure was determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in space group Ama2 with cell parameters of a=11.128(10) A, b=12.155(15) A, c=6.952(7) A, Z=4. The basic structural units are isolated planar BO{sub 3} groups. Second harmonic generation (SHG) test of the title compound by the Kurtz-Perry method shows that RSBO can be phase matchable with an effective SHG coefficient about two-thirds as large as that of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4} (KDP). Finally, based on the anionic group approximation, the optical properties of the title compound are compared with those of the structure-related apatite-like compounds with the formula 'A{sub 5}(TO{sub n}){sub 3}X'. - Graphical abstract: RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} and some other borate NLO compounds, namely Ca{sub 5}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}F RCa{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3}O (R=Y or Gd) and Na{sub 3}La{sub 2}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} can be viewed as the derivatives of apatite. They have similar formula composed of five cations and three anion groups (we call them 5/3 structures). The detailed SHG coefficients and optical properties of the apatite-like NLO crystals were compared and summarized. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new noncentrosymmetric borate RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} was grown from flux. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} can be viewed as a derivative of the apatite-like structure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structure and its relationship to the optical properties of RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} are compared with other NLO crystals with apatite-like structures. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The basic structural units are the planar BO{sub 3} groups in the structure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Second harmonic generation (SHG) test shows that RbSr{sub 4}(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} can be phase matchable with an effective SHG coefficient about two-thirds as large as that of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}.
Xia, M.J. [Beijing Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Li, R.K., E-mail: email@example.com [Beijing Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
One-photon band gap engineering of borate glass doped with ZnO for photonics applications
Lithium tungsten borate glass of the composition (0.56-x)B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-0.4Li{sub 2}O-xZnO-0.04WO{sub 3} (0 {<=}x{<=} 0.1 mol. %) is prepared for photonics applications. The glass is doped with ZnO to tune the glass absorption characteristics in a wide spectrum range (200-2500 nm). Chemical bond approach, including chemical structure, electronegativity, bond ionicity, nearest-neighbor coordination, and other chemical bonding aspect, is used to analyze and to explain the obtained glass properties such as: transmittance, absorption, electronic structure parameters (bandgap, Fermi level, and Urbach exciton-phonon coupling), Wannier free excitons excitation (applying Elliott's model), and two-photon absorption coefficient as a result of replacement of B{sub 2}O{sub 3} by ZnO.
Abdel-Baki, Manal [Glass Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12311 Giza (Egypt); Abdel-Wahab, Fathy A.; El-Diasty, Fouad [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, 11566 Cairo (Egypt)
International Earth Science Colloquium on the Aegean Region (1-5 October 2012, zmir, Turkey)
, Turkey) NEOGENE BORATE DEPOSITS: Mineralogy, Petrology and Sedimentology; A workshop with special, Ibrahim G�NDOAN #12;Neogene Borate Deposits: Mineralogy, Petrology and Sedimentology; A workshop G�NDOAN (2012). NEOGENE BORATE DEPOSITS: Mineralogy, Petrology and Sedimentology; A workshop with special
Seyito�lu, G�rol
Comparative Study on the Corrosion Resistance of Fe-Based Amorphous Metal, Borated Stainless Steel and Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd Alloy
Iron-based amorphous alloy Fe{sub 49.7}Cr{sub 17.7}Mn{sub 1.9}Mo{sub 7.4}W{sub 1.6}B{sub 15.2}C{sub 3.8}Si{sub 2.4} was compared to borated stainless steel and Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloy on their corrosion resistance in various high-concentration chloride solutions. The melt-spun ribbon of this iron-based amorphous alloy have demonstrated a better corrosion resistance than the bulk borated stainless steel and the bulk Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloy, in high-concentration chloride brines at temperatures 90 deg. C or higher. (authors)
Lian, Tiangan; Day, Daniel; Hailey, Phillip; Choi, Jor-Shan; Farmer, Joseph [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550 (United States)
Particle deposition in ventilation ducts
and An Evaluation of Thermophoretic Deposition Rates C.1of estimated thermophoretic deposition velocities, v th+ ,of estimated thermophoretic deposition velocities, v th+ ,
Sippola, Mark R.
Examination of stainless steel-clad Connecticut Yankee fuel assembly S004 after storage in borated water
A Connecticut Yankee fuel assembly (S004) was tested nondestructively and destructively. It was concluded that no obvious degradation of the 304L stainless steel-clad spent fuel from assembly S004 occurred during 5 y of storage in borated water. Furthermore, no obvious degradation due to the pool environment occurred on 304 stainless steel-clad rods in assemblies H07 and G11, which were stored for shorter periods but contained operationally induced cladding defects. The seam welds in the cladding on fuel rods from assembly S004, H07, and G11 were similar in that they showed a wrought microstructure with grains noticeably smaller than those in the cladding base metal. The end cap welds showed a dendritically cored structure, typical of rapidly quenched austenitic weld metal. Some intergranular melting may have occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the cladding adjacent to the end cap welds in rods from assemblies S004 and H07. However, the weld areas did not show evidence of corrosion-induced degradation.
Langstaff, D.C.; Bailey, W.J.; Johnson, A.B. Jr.; Landow, M.P.; Pasupathi, V.; Klingensmith, R.W.
Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} codoped lead bismuth alumina borate glasses
Lead bismuth alumina borate glasses codoped with Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} were prepared by melt quenching technique. Optical absorption, FTIR and photoluminescence spectra of these glasses have been studied. Judd-Ofelt theory has been applied to to the f ? f transitions for evaluating ?{sub 2}, ?{sub 4} and ?{sub 6} parameters. Radiative properties like branching ratio ?{sub r} and the radiative life time ?{sub R} have been determined on the basis of Judd-Ofelt theory. Upconversion emissions have been observed under 980nm laser excitation at room temperature. Green and red up-conversion emissions are centered at 530, 550 and 656 nm corresponding to {sup 2}H{sub 11/2}?{sup 4}I{sub 15/2}, {sup 4}S{sub 3/2}?{sup 4}I{sub 15/2} and {sup 4}F{sub 9/2}?{sup 4}I{sub 15/2} transitions of Er{sup 3+} respectively. The results obtained are discussed quantitatively based on the energy transfer between Yb{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+}.
Goud, K. Krishna Murthy, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Reddy, M. Chandra Shekhar, E-mail: email@example.com; Rao, B. Appa, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Dept. of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, Andhra Pradesh (India)
Late quaternary environmental changes in Patagonia as inferred from lacustrine fossil and extant ostracods
Late quaternary environmental changes in Patagonia as inferred from lacustrine fossil and extant lacustrine basins: Laguna Cari-Laufquen (41°S) and Lago Cardiel (49°S) in Patagonia. Taxonomic an excellent proxy for interpreting palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes in Patagonia. © 2011
Wehrli, Bernhard
Megafauna biomass tradeoff as a driver of Quaternary and future extinctions
Megafauna biomass tradeoff as a driver of Quaternary and future extinctions Anthony D. Barnosky,000 and 3,000 years ago. Estimates of megafauna biomass (including hu- mans as a megafauna species) for before, during, and after the extinction episode suggest that growth of human biomass largely matched
California at Berkeley, University of
On Quaternary MacDonald Codes Charles J. Colbourn and Manish K. Gupta
On Quaternary MacDonald Codes Charles J. Colbourn and Manish K. Gupta Department of Computer:{charles.colbourn,email@example.com December 11, 2002 Abstract This paper studies two families of codes over Z4, MacDonald codes of type map. Keywords: Codes over rings, Gray image, simplex codes, torsion code, weight distribu- tion, MacDonald
Gupta, Manish K.
Identification of Quaternary Shape Memory Alloys with Near-Zero Thermal Hysteresis and Unprecedented
Identification of Quaternary Shape Memory Alloys with Near-Zero Thermal Hysteresis-film results are successfully transferred to bulk materials and near-zero thermal hysteresis is observed for the phase transformation in bulk alloys using the temperature- dependent alternating current potential drop
Rubloff, Gary W.
Quaternary liquid-liquid equilibrium of n-heptane-toluene-o-xylene-propylene carbonate
Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the system n-heptane/toluene/o-xylene/propylene carbonate were obtained at 25 OC. Experimental tie line data were measured by gas chromatographic analysis. The UNIQUAC and NRTL models were used to predict the quaternary data from the corresponding ternary data. Agreement between the predictions and the experimental data was satisfactory.
Salem, A.B.S.H.; Hamad, E.Z.; Al-Naafa, M.A. (King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia). Chemical Engineering Dept.)
Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (2008) 941955 Chronological constraints on Cordilleran Ice Sheet glaciomarine
,�, A.S. Changb a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 1005Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (2008) 941�955 Chronological constraints on Cordilleran Ice Sheet, USA b School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Received 12
Pedersen, Tom
Morphology, sedimentary infill and depositional environments of the Early Quaternary North Sea Basin (56��62�N)
Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK cDet norske oljeselskap ASA, N-7011 Trondheim, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 20 October 2013 Received in revised form 14 April 2014 Accepted 18 April 2014... regional unconformity (URU), remain less comprehensively described and interpreted (Rise et al., 1984; Johnson et al., 1993; Gatliff et al., 1994; Rasmussen et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2010). This study presents new evidence on the pattern and history...
Ottesen, Dag; Dowdeswell, Julian A.; Bugge, Tom
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Methanol Electro-oxidation1
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Platinum Alloy methanol fuel cells (DMFC's) at 60 °C show that the best Pt-Ru-Os-Ir compositions are markedly superior
Instrument Series: Deposition and Microfabrication Sputter Deposition
Sensors thin film growth of functional material systems for developing highly sensitive and portable chemical and biological sensors Energy sources development of thin film materials systems for research and solid oxide fuel cells and solar cells for energy generation Microfabrication deposition
Radionuclide deposition control
The deposition of radionuclides manganese-54, cobalt-58 and cobalt-60 from liquid sodium coolant is controlled by providing surfaces of nickel or high nickel alloys to extract the radionuclides from the liquid sodium, and by providing surfaces of tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum to prevent or retard radionuclide deposition.
Brehm, William F. (Richland, WA); McGuire, Joseph C. (Richland, WA)
Synthesis of chalcogenide ternary and quaternary nanotubes through directed compositional alterations of bacterial As--S nanotubes
Synthesis of chalcogenide ternary and quaternary nanotubes through directed compositional alterations of bacterial As--S nanotubes Shenghua Jiang,a Fang Liu,b Min-Gyu Kim,c Jae-Hong Lim,b Kun-Jae Lee--S--Se and As--Cd--S) and quaternary (i.e. As--Cd--S--Se) composite nanotubes were synthesized using biotic As
Chen, Wilfred
Solution deposition assembly
Methods and devices are provided for improved deposition systems. In one embodiment of the present invention, a deposition system is provided for use with a solution and a substrate. The system comprises of a solution deposition apparatus; at least one heating chamber, at least one assembly for holding a solution over the substrate; and a substrate curling apparatus for curling at least one edge of the substrate to define a zone capable of containing a volume of the solution over the substrate. In another embodiment of the present invention, a deposition system for use with a substrate, the system comprising a solution deposition apparatus; at heating chamber; and at least assembly for holding solution over the substrate to allow for a depth of at least about 0.5 microns to 10 mm.
Roussillon, Yann; Scholz, Jeremy H; Shelton, Addison; Green, Geoff T; Utthachoo, Piyaphant
Biomimetic thin film deposition
Biological mineral deposition for the formation of bone, mollusk shell and other hard tissues provides materials scientists with illustrative materials processing strategies. This presentation will review the key features of biomineralization and how these features can be of technical importance. We have adapted existing knowledge of biomineralization to develop a unique method of depositing inorganic thin films and coating. Our approach to thin film deposition is to modify substrate surfaces to imitate the proteins found in nature that are responsible for controlling mineral deposition. These biomimetic surfaces control the nucleation and growth of the mineral from a supersaturated aqueous solution. This has many processing advantages including simple processing equipment, environmentally benign reagents, uniform coating of highly complex shapes, and enhanced adherence of coating. Many different types of metal oxide, hydroxide, sulfide and phosphate materials with useful mechanical, optical, electronic and biomedical properties can be deposited.
Rieke, P.R.; Graff, G.E.; Campbell, A.A.; Bunker, B.C.; Baskaran, S.; Song, L.; Tarasevich, B.J.; Fryxell, G.E.
Investigation of the sulfur and lithium to sulfur ratio threshold in stress corrosion cracking of sensitized alloy 600 in borated thiosulfate solution
The stress corrosion cracking of sensitized Alloy 600 was investigated in aerated solutions of sodium thiosulfate generally containing 1.3% boric acid. The aim of the investigation, among others, was to determine the existence, if any, of a threshold level of sulfur, and lithium to sulfur ratio governing the SCC. Specimens were first solution annealed at 1135/sup 0/C for 45 minutes, water quenched, and then sensitized at 621/sup 0/C for 18 hours. Reverse U-bends were tested at room temperature, whereas slow strain rate and constant load tests were performed at 80/sup 0/C. All tests were performed in solutions open to the atmosphere. The results indicate that in the borated thiosulfate solution containing 7 ppM sulfur, 5 ppM lithium as lithium hydroxide is sufficient to inhibit SCC in U-bends. The occurrence of inhibition seems to correlate to the rapid increase of pH and conductivity of the solution as a result of the lithium hydroxide addition. In the slow strain rate tests in the borated solution containing 0.7 ppM lithium as lithium hydroxide, significant stress corrosion cracking is observed at a sulfur level of 30 ppb, i.e., a lithium to sulfur ratio of 23. In a parallel test in 30 ppb sulfur level but without any lithium hydroxide, the stress corrosion cracking is more severe than that in the lithiated environment, thus implying that lithium hydroxide plays some role in the stress corrosion cracking inhibition.
Bandy, R.; Kelly, K.
Engineering geologic studies of the Austin Chalk, Taylor Marl, and Quaternary alluvium Ellis County, Texas
Resistivity Tool Gamma-Gamma Density Tool Neutron-Gamma Tool. Neutron-Epithermal Neutron Tool. . . . . Sonic Tool. Other Downhole Methods and Comments. Correlations. Quaternary Alluvium. Seismic Refraction. CONCLUSIONS 93 93 94 94 95 95 95 97... of engineering tests conducted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 11. Schematic of the single-point resistance method. 33 Figure 12. The natural gamma tool. It is used in a cased or uncased, fluid-filled or dry borehole. 34 Figure 13. Location...
Westerfield, John Gayden
Ash deposit workshop: Class outline
Ash deposits formed from the combustion of coal and other fuels have plagued the steam production industry from the start. The ash fusion test has been around for over eighty years. As steam plant size increased, so have the problems associated with ash deposits. This workshop is designed to cover: (1) The basic types of deposits. (2) Causes of deposits. (3) Analytical procedures for resolving, or at least providing information about deposits and fuels, and (4) Deposit removal and reduction techniques.
Hatt, R. [Commercial Testing & Engineering Co., Lexington, KY (United States)
Vacuum arc deposition devices
The vacuum arc is a high-current, low-voltage electrical discharge which produces a plasma consisting of vaporized and ionized electrode material. In the most common cathodic arc deposition systems, the arc concentrates at minute cathode spots on the cathode surface and the plasma is emitted as a hypersonic jet, with some degree of contamination by molten droplets [known as macroparticles (MPs)] of the cathode material. In vacuum arc deposition systems, the location and motion of the cathode spots are confined to desired surfaces by an applied magnetic field and shields around undesired surfaces. Substrates are mounted on a holder so that they intercept some portion of the plasma jet. The substrate often provides for negative bias to control the energy of depositing ions and heating or cooling to control the substrate temperature. In some systems, a magnetic field is used to guide the plasma around an obstacle which blocks the MPs. These elements are integrated with a deposition chamber, cooling, vacuum gauges and pumps, and power supplies to produce a vacuum arc deposition system.
Boxman, R.L.; Zhitomirsky, V.N. [Electrical Discharge and Plasma Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel)
Study of ternary and quaternary spontaneous fission of sup 2 sup 5 sup 2 Cf with the NESSI detector
Ternary and quaternary spontaneous decay of sup 2 sup 5 sup 2 Cf was studied with the NESSI detector, a combination of two 4 pi detectors for charged particles, neutrons and gamma-rays. The applied method of particle identification by measuring the energies and relative time-of-flights of the decay products is shown to be very effective for the study of rare decay modes. The energy and angular distributions of the decay products, the associated neutron multiplicities, the total energy of the prompt gamma-radiation as well as correlations between the various observables were measured for the first time in a single full-scale experiment. The characteristics of ternary fission known from previous investigations are confirmed in the frame of a methodically independent experiment. Preliminary estimates of the quaternary fission yield are presented. An attempt is made to determine the mechanism of quaternary fission.
Tishchenko, V G; Hilscher, D; Jahnke, U
A new class of electrochemically and thermally stable lithium salts for lithium battery electrolytes. 5. Synthesis and properties of lithium bis[2,3-pyridinediolato(2-)-O,O{prime}]borate
Synthesis, analysis, and purification of lithium bis[2,3-pyridinediolato(2-)-O,O{prime}]borate (LBPB), is described, LBPB is the first lithium spiroborate known with a heterocycle, where the nitrogen works as an electron withdrawing atom. The anodic oxidation limit of this salt as determined from cyclic voltammetric measurements is 3.95 V vs. Li/Li{sup +} and it is increased by about 0.35 V when compared with lithium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O{prime}]borate. The gas phase energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the anion as obtained by the use of a semiempirical quantum mechanical method is {minus}5.1 eV. No corrosion of aluminum is observed with this salt, which shows good protecting properties for the lithium electrode; therefore, this electrolyte may be suitable as an additive.
Barthel, J.; Schmid, A.; Gores, H.J.
Uranium deposits of Brazil
Brazil is a country of vast natural resources, including numerous uranium deposits. In support of the country`s nuclear power program, Brazil has developed the most active uranium industry in South America. Brazil has one operating reactor (Angra 1, a 626-MWe PWR), and two under construction. The country`s economic challenges have slowed the progress of its nuclear program. At present, the Pocos de Caldas district is the only active uranium production. In 1990, the Cercado open-pit mine produced approximately 45 metric tons (MT) U{sub 3}O{sub 8} (100 thousand pounds). Brazil`s state-owned uranium production and processing company, Uranio do Brasil, announced it has decided to begin shifting its production from the high-cost and nearly depleted deposits at Pocos de Caldas, to lower-cost reserves at Lagoa Real. Production at Lagoa Real is schedules to begin by 1993. In addition to these two districts, Brazil has many other known uranium deposits, and as a whole, it is estimated that Brazil has over 275,000 MT U{sub 3}O{sub 8} (600 million pounds U{sub 3}O{sub 8}) in reserves.
Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 26312643 Charcoal and fly-ash particles from Lake Lucerne sediments (Central
Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 26312643 Charcoal and fly-ash particles from Lake Lucerne emitted in the area of Lake Lucerne (Central Europe) throughout the last 7200 years. Charcoal navigation on Lake Lucerne. The successive burning of wood (after AD 1838), coal (after AD 1862), and diesel
Late-Quaternary morpho-sedimentology and submarine mass movements of the Betsiamites area, Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
Late-Quaternary morpho-sedimentology and submarine mass movements of the Betsiamites area, Lower St 2008 Accepted 4 March 2008 Keywords: submarine mass movements morpho-sedimentology multibeam bathymetry the submarine morpho-sedimentology of an area of 500 km2 with focus on the consequences of four mass movement
St-Ong, Guillaume
Deposition and Microfabrication | EMSL
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest Region service area. The Desert Southwest RegionInsideDeposition and
Neo-tectonic fracturing after emplacement of quaternary granitic pluton in the Kakkonda geothermal field, Japan
The fracture which occurs in the Kakkonda geothermal system was formed by neo-tectonic stress after the emplacement of the neo-granite (Quaternary Kakkonda Granite) at middle Pleistocene to recent. The characteristic contrast in permeability at ca.1.5 km is strongly controlled by the contact metamorphic zone, especially cordierite and higher grade metamorphic zones, in which the high temperature (320{degrees}C<) and low permeable deep reservoir was created. The five geothermal wells 2.5-3.0 km deep have clarified that a microearthquake zone below -1.0 km shows high permeability especially at the margin of the Kakkonda Granite, and low permeability outside of a microearthquake zone. The Kakkonda Granite is a composite pluton which has very few fractures inside of it. Thus, neo-tectonic fracturing has developed in the non-metamorphosed Tertiary formations and the margin of the Kakkonda Granite.
Doi, N.; Kato, O. [JMC Goethermal Eng. Co., Ltd., Iwate-ken (Japan); Kanisawa, S.; Ishikawa, K. [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan)
Er{sup 3+}-doped strontium lithium bismuth borate glasses for broadband 1.5 {mu}m emission - optical properties
Strontium lithium bismuth borate glasses (SLBiB) doped with various concentrations of Er{sup 3+} were prepared using conventional melt quench technique and investigated their optical properties. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis. Optical properties were studied by measuring the optical absorption and near infrared luminescence spectra at room temperature. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory has been applied for the f.f transitions of Er{sup 3+} ions to evaluate J-O intensity parameters, {Omega}{lambda} ({lambda} = 2, 4 and 6). Using the J-O intensity parameters, radiative properties such as transition probabilities (A{sub R}), branching ratios ({beta}) and radiative lifetimes ({tau}) are estimated for certain transitions. From the emission spectra, peak emission-cross sections ({sigma}{sub p}) and products of stimulated emission cross-section and full width at half maximum ({sigma}{sub p} Multiplication-Sign FWHM) were calculated for the observed emission transition, {sup 4}I{sub 13/2}{yields}{sup 4}I{sub 15/2}.
Rajesh, D.; Balakrishna, A.; Ratnakaram, Y. C. [Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502 (India)
Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of oxindoles and benzofuranones bearing a quaternary stereocenter and reactions of palladium bisphosphine complexes relevant to catalytic C-C bond formation
In Part I the development of a new method for the construction of oxindoles and benzofuranones bearing quaternary stereocenters is discussed. A planar-chiral PPY derivative catalyzes the O-to-C acyl group migration (Black ...
Hills, Ivory Derrick, 1977-
Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 162, 2005, pp. 1324. Printed in Great Britain. Localized Quaternary uplift of southcentral England
, and the Forest of Dean and the hills of Herefordshire to the west. Keywords: Quaternary, isostasy, flexure plateau surfaces of the flanking Cotswold Hills and the high ground of Northamptonshire to the east
Watts, A. B. "Tony"
Variable temperature semiconductor film deposition
A method of depositing a semiconductor material on a substrate is disclosed. The method sequentially comprises (a) providing the semiconductor material in a depositable state such as a vapor for deposition on the substrate; (b) depositing the semiconductor material on the substrate while heating the substrate to a first temperature sufficient to cause the semiconductor material to form a first film layer having a first grain size; (c) continually depositing the semiconductor material on the substrate while cooling the substrate to a second temperature sufficient to cause the semiconductor material to form a second film layer deposited on the first film layer and having a second grain size smaller than the first grain size; and (d) raising the substrate temperature, while either continuing or not continuing to deposit semiconductor material to form a third film layer, to thereby anneal the film layers into a single layer having favorable efficiency characteristics in photovoltaic applications. A preferred semiconductor material is cadmium telluride deposited on a glass/tin oxide substrate already having thereon a film layer of cadmium sulfide.
Li, X.; Sheldon, P.
Tritium deposition patterns in TFTR
Tritium deposition patterns in TFTR Presented by C. H. Skinner with key contributions from Charles, JAERI #12;� TFTR was a limiter machine - no divertor. � Operated with tritium Nov `93 - April `97. � NetV Limiter Temperature @ 28 MW NBI Low density, high temperature edge #12;Tritium deposition patterns in TFTR
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
P-odd, P-even, and T-odd asymmetries in true quaternary fission of nuclei
The coefficients of P-odd, P-even, and T -odd asymmetries for a third and a fourth prescission particle emitted in the true quaternary fission of nuclei that was induced by polarized cold neutrons were studied on the basis of quantum-mechanical fission theory. By using non-evaporation (nonadiabatic) mechanisms of light-particle emission, these coefficients were compared with the analogous coefficients for prescission third particles emitted in the ternary fission of nuclei.
Kadmensky, S. G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Titova, L. V. [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)] [Voronezh State University (Russian Federation)
As oil and gas production moves to deeper and colder water, subsea multiphase production systems become critical for economic feasibility. It will also become increasingly imperative to adequately identify the conditions for paraffin precipitation and predict paraffin deposition rates to optimize the design and operation of these multiphase production systems. Although several oil companies have paraffin deposition predictive capabilities for single-phase oil flow, these predictive capabilities are not suitable for the multiphase flow conditions encountered in most flowlines and wellbores. For deepwater applications in the Gulf of Mexico, it is likely that multiphase production streams consisting of crude oil, produced water and gas will be transported in a single multiphase pipeline to minimize capital cost and complexity at the mudline. Existing single-phase (crude oil) paraffin deposition predictive tools are clearly inadequate to accurately design these pipelines because they do not account for the second and third phases, namely, produced water and gas. The objective of this program is to utilize the current test facilities at The University of Tulsa, as well as member company expertise, to accomplish the following: enhance our understanding of paraffin deposition in single and two-phase (gas-oil) flows; conduct focused experiments to better understand various aspects of deposition physics; and, utilize knowledge gained from experimental modeling studies to enhance the computer programs developed in the previous JIP for predicting paraffin deposition in single and two-phase flow environments. These refined computer models will then be tested against field data from member company pipelines. The following deliverables are scheduled during the first three projects of the program: (1) Single-Phase Studies, with three different black oils, which will yield an enhanced computer code for predicting paraffin deposition in deepwater and surface pipelines. (2) Two-Phase Studies, with a focus on heat transfer and paraffin deposition at various pipe inclinations, which will be used to enhance the paraffin deposition code for gas-liquid flow in pipes. (3) Deposition Physics and Water Impact Studies, which will address the aging process, improve our ability to characterize paraffin deposits and enhance our understanding of the role water plays in paraffin deposition in deepwater pipelines. As in the previous two studies, knowledge gained in this suite of studies will be integrated into a state-of-the-art three-phase paraffin deposition computer program.
Michael Volk; Cem Sarica
Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings
R A T O R Y Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings NilgunUC-1600 Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings NilgunPaper Sol-gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings Nilgun Ozer
Ozer, N.
Exposure to airborne particles is detrimental to human health and indoor exposures dominate total exposures for most people. The accidental or intentional release of aerosolized chemical and biological agents within or near a building can lead to exposures of building occupants to hazardous agents and costly building remediation. Particle deposition in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems may significantly influence exposures to particles indoors, diminish HVAC performance and lead to secondary pollutant release within buildings. This dissertation advances the understanding of particle behavior in HVAC systems and the fates of indoor particles by means of experiments and modeling. Laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify particle deposition rates in horizontal ventilation ducts using real HVAC materials. Particle deposition experiments were conducted in steel and internally insulated ducts at air speeds typically found in ventilation ducts, 2-9 m/s. Behaviors of monodisperse particles with diameters in the size range 1-16 {micro}m were investigated. Deposition rates were measured in straight ducts with a fully developed turbulent flow profile, straight ducts with a developing turbulent flow profile, in duct bends and at S-connector pieces located at duct junctions. In straight ducts with fully developed turbulence, experiments showed deposition rates to be highest at duct floors, intermediate at duct walls, and lowest at duct ceilings. Deposition rates to a given surface increased with an increase in particle size or air speed. Deposition was much higher in internally insulated ducts than in uninsulated steel ducts. In most cases, deposition in straight ducts with developing turbulence, in duct bends and at S-connectors at duct junctions was higher than in straight ducts with fully developed turbulence. Measured deposition rates were generally higher than predicted by published models. A model incorporating empirical equations based on the experimental measurements was applied to evaluate particle losses in supply and return duct runs. Model results suggest that duct losses are negligible for particle sizes less than 1 {micro}m and complete for particle sizes greater than 50 {micro}m. Deposition to insulated ducts, horizontal duct floors and bends are predicted to control losses in duct systems. When combined with models for HVAC filtration and deposition to indoor surfaces to predict the ultimate fates of particles within buildings, these results suggest that ventilation ducts play only a small role in determining indoor particle concentrations, especially when HVAC filtration is present. However, the measured and modeled particle deposition rates are expected to be important for ventilation system contamination.
Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials, Elsevier, .O R Y Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings Nilgun Ozer1600 Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic Coatings Nilgun Ozer
Linked Deposit Loan Program (Kentucky)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Linked Deposit Program provides loan financing for small businesses of up to $100,000 for up to 7 years. The State Investment Commission invests funds from the state's Abandoned Property Cash...
Seasonalepisodic control of acid deposition
This report contains the climatological, technical and economic factors for episodic and seasonal control of emissions in existing power plants. Analyzing a large data set of acid deposition for the years 1982-85, we find ...
Fay, James A.
Asphalt deposition in miscible floods
. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . 22 23 8. REFERENCES. 24 9. APPENDIX. 26 LIST OF TABLES Table Page I II IV Properties of the Crude Oils Studied Average Core Properties for Different Tests Average Perrneabilities of Different Sections of Core Before and After... Displacement with Liquefied Petroleum Gas Percent Reduction in Permeability in Different Sections of Core Due to Asphalt Deposition Average Recoveries of Four Crude Oils and Increase in Swept Area due to Plugging by Asphalt Deposition 27 29 ABSTRACT...
Hasan, Syed Mir Ahmed
Chemical enhancement of surface deposition
A method and apparatus for increasing the deposition of ions onto a surface, such as the adsorption of uranium ions on the detecting surface of a radionuclide detector. The method includes the step of exposing the surface to a complexing agent, such as a phosphate ion solution, which has an affinity for the dissolved species to be deposited on the surface. This provides, for example, enhanced sensitivity of the radionuclide detector.
Patch, Keith D. (Lexington, MA); Morgan, Dean T. (Sudbury, MA)
A method and apparatus are disclosed for increasing the deposition of ions onto a surface, such as the adsorption of uranium ions on the detecting surface of a radionuclide detector. The method includes the step of exposing the surface to a complexing agent, such as a phosphate ion solution, which has an affinity for the dissolved species to be deposited on the surface. This provides, for example, enhanced sensitivity of the radionuclide detector. 16 figs.
Patch, K.D.; Morgan, D.T.
Vapor deposition of hardened niobium
A method of coating ceramic nuclear fuel particles containing a major amount of an actinide ceramic in which the particles are placed in a fluidized bed maintained at ca. 800.degree. to ca. 900.degree. C., and niobium pentachloride vapor and carbon tetrachloride vapor are led into the bed, whereby niobium metal is deposited on the particles and carbon is deposited interstitially within the niobium. Coating apparatus used in the method is also disclosed.
Blocher, Jr., John M. (Columbus, OH); Veigel, Neil D. (Columbus, OH); Landrigan, Richard B. (Columbus, OH)
A Radon Progeny Deposition Model
The next generation low-background detectors operating underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. Although the radioactive decays of airborne radon (particularly Rn-222) and its subsequent progeny present in an experiment are potential backgrounds, also problematic is the deposition of radon progeny on detector materials. Exposure to radon at any stage of assembly of an experiment can result in surface contamination by progeny supported by the long half life (22 y) of Pb-210 on sensitive locations of a detector. An understanding of the potential surface contamination from deposition will enable requirements of radon-reduced air and clean room environments for the assembly of low background experiments. It is known that there are a number of environmental factors that govern the deposition of progeny onto surfaces. However, existing models have not explored the impact of some environmental factors important for low background experiments. A test stand has been constructed to deposit radon progeny on various surfaces under a controlled environment in order to develop a deposition model. Results from this test stand and the resulting deposition model are presented.
V. E. Guiseppe; S. R. Elliott; A. Hime; K. Rielage; S. Westerdale
RISO-M-2438 Dry deposition and resuspension of
deposition to city surfaces. INIS descriptors AEROSOLS; DEPOSITION; DUSTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PARTICLE
Vapor deposition of thin films
A highly pure thin metal film having a nanocrystalline structure and a process of preparing such highly pure thin metal films of, e.g., rhodium, iridium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, or palladium by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition of, e.g., rhodium(allyl).sub.3, iridium(allyl).sub.3, molybdenum(allyl).sub.4, tungsten(allyl).sub.4, rhenium(allyl).sub.4, platinum(allyl).sub.2, or palladium(allyl).sub.2 are disclosed. Additionally, a general process of reducing the carbon content of a metallic film prepared from one or more organometallic precursor compounds by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition is disclosed.
Smith, David C. (Los Alamos, NM); Pattillo, Stevan G. (Los Alamos, NM); Laia, Jr., Joseph R. (Los Alamos, NM); Sattelberger, Alfred P. (Los Alamos, NM)
Enhanced electrochromic property of nickel hydroxide thin films prepared by anodic deposition
Nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide thin films have received much attention as electrochromic (EC) materials, particularly as the materials for a complementary counterlayer against an EC tungsten oxide layer in smart window systems. Nickel hydroxide thin films were prepared onto transparent conductive tin oxide (NESA) substrates by potentiostatic electrolysis of a nickel amine complex solution at various potentials (0.6 to 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Nickel hydroxide thin film (F0.7) obtained at relatively lower anodic potential (0.7 V) showed enhanced electrochromism between colorless and dark brown in a sodium borate buffer solution at pH 12; the absorption spectrum in the colored (oxidized) state was broadened in the visible and near-infrared region compared with the nickel hydroxide films prepared at the higher anodic potential (1.1 V). characterization of the films revealed that crystal structure of F0.7 is assigned to [alpha]-Ni(OH)[sub 2], and that its electrochromism is based on the reversible oxidation to hexagonal [gamma][sub 2]-2NiO[sub 2] [center dot] NiOOH structure. Composite nickel hydroxide film, i.e., by the electrolytic deposition at 1.1 V followed by that at 0.7 V, showed electrochromic property similar to F0.7 and its durability in repeated redox cycles were much improved in comparison with that of F0.7. Electrochromic properties in switching performance of this composite nickel hydroxide film were investigated.
Chigane, Masaya; Ishikawa, Masami (Osaka Municipal Technical Research Inst. (Japan). Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry)
Method to inhibit deposit formation
A process is described for inhibiting deposit formation on the contact surfaces of structures confining heated hydrocarbon fluid which exhibits substantial fouling. The process consists of introducing into the hydrocarbon fluid at least an inhibiting amount of thiophene-containing polycondensed aromatic/naphthenic compounds of number average molecular weight (M-bar n) from 200 to 1,000.
Dickakian, G.B.
Quaternary Research 57, 183190 (2002) doi:10.1006/qres.2001.2305, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on
Quaternary Research 57, 183190 (2002) doi:10.1006/qres.2001.2305, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on A 4000-Year Lacustrine Record of Environmental Change in the Southern Maya Lowlands, Pet´en, Guatemala, Livermore, California 94551 Received September 9, 2000; published online February 5, 2002 A 4000-yr sediment
Rosenmeier, Michael
Age through tandem correlation of Quaternary relative paleointensity (RPI) and oxygen isotope data at IODP Site U1306 (Eirik Drift, SW
Age through tandem correlation of Quaternary relative paleointensity (RPI) and oxygen isotope data paleointensity Oxygen isotopes Deep Western Boundary Current a b s t r a c t Planktic oxygen isotope (d18 O) and relative paleointensity (RPI) data are used in tandem to generate an age model for the last 1 Myr from
Stoner, Joseph
Cotton gauze bearing non-diffusible quaternary ammonium salts and featuring anti-microbial activity: An example of single-use articles tailored to self-sterilize
Cotton gauze bearing non-diffusible quaternary ammonium salts and featuring anti-microbial activity envisaged in which single-use cotton gauze could be chemically tailored to display anti-microbial activity as AEM 5700, into the cotton matrix and polymerizing the monomers about the fibers. In a second approach
Taralp, Alpay
Hydrothermal synthesis and the crystal structure of borate cancrinite (Na,Ca){sub 2}[Na{sub 6}(AlSiO{sub 4}){sub 6}](BO{sub 3}) . 2H{sub 2}O
Transparent prismatic single crystals of borate cancrinite (Na,Ca){sub 2}[Na{sub 6}(AlSiO{sub 4}){sub 6}](BO{sub 3}) . 2H{sub 2}O are prepared through hydrothermal crystallization. The parameters of the hexagonal unit cell and intensities of 10806 reflections are measured on an Enraf-Nonius CAD4 automated diffractometer. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with the unit cell parameters a = 12.745(4) A, c = 5.180(2) A, V = 728.6(4) A{sup 3}, and space group P6{sub 3}. The structure is determined by direct methods and refined using the full-matrix least-squares procedure in the anisotropic approximation for the non-hydrogen atoms. The refinement of the structure is performed to the final discrepancy factor R{sub 1} = 0.027 for 2889 unique reflections with I > 2 {sigma} (I). In the structure of the borate cancrinite, the AlO{sub 4} and SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra form a zeolite-like framework in which twelve-membered hexagonal channels are occupied by sodium atoms and BO{sub 3} groups, whereas six-membered channels are filled with sodium and calcium atoms and water molecules. The mean interatomic distances are found to be as follows: (Si-O){sub mean} = 1.614 A and (Al-O){sub mean} = 1.741 A in the AlO{sub 4} and SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra, (Na-O){sub mean} = 2.542 A in the seven-vertex sodium polyhedra, and [(Na,Ca)-O]{sub mean} = 2.589 A in the ditrigonal bipyramids.
Shirinova, A. F. [Baku State University (Azerbaijan)], E-mail: email@example.com; Khrustalev, V. N. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (Russian Federation); Samedov, H. R. [National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Chemical Problems (Azerbaijan); Chiragov, M. I. [Baku State University (Azerbaijan)
Essays on Banking Crises and Deposit Insurance
and elaborately illustrated the role of market discipline under deposit insurance. Barajas and Steiner (2000) show the ability of the Colombian deposit insurance system to limit moral hazard when considering market discipline. Demirguc-Kunt and Huizinga (2004...
Wang, Wen-Yao
Formation mechanisms of combustion chamber deposits
Combustion chamber deposits are found in virtually all internal combustion engines after a few hundred hours of operation. Deposits form on cylinder, piston, and head surfaces that are in contact with fuel-air mixture ...
O'Brien, Christopher J. (Christopher John)
Chemical vapor deposition of functionalized isobenzofuran polymers
This thesis develops a platform for deposition of polymer thin films that can be further tailored by chemical surface modification. First, we explore chemical vapor deposition of functionalized isobenzofuran films using ...
Olsson, Ylva Kristina
Modeling deposit formation in diesel injector nozzle
Formation of deposit in the diesel injector nozzle affects the injection behavior and hinders performance. Under running condition, deposit precursors are washed away by the ensuing injection. However, during the cool down ...
Sudhiesh Kumar, Chintoo
Structural characterization of carbonaceous engine deposits�
Carbonaceous engine deposits tend to accumulate on most of the inner surfaces of the car engine. The presence of these deposits leads to a deteriorated efficiency of the engine and a number of adverse effects, such as ...
Pinto da Costa, José M�rio Cerqueira
Ion beam assisted deposition of thermal barrier coatings
Methods and apparatus for depositing thermal barrier coatings on gas turbine blades and vanes using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EBPVD) combined with Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD).
Youchison, Dennis L. (Albuquerque, NM); McDonald, Jimmie M. (Albuquerque, NM); Lutz, Thomas J. (Albuquerque, NM); Gallis, Michail A. (Albuquerque, NM)
The Polar Deposits of Mars Shane Byrne
- tian polar layered deposits and understanding the role of the residual ice caps that cover them of the stratigraphy of the polar layered deposits in unprecedented detail. Additionally, change within the residualThe Polar Deposits of Mars Shane Byrne Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona
Jellinek, Mark
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
it as simple as possible. So that when 123 13 comes into effect, then the Secretary of Energy, with 14 the concurrence of the State Department and consulting 15 with the other...
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartmentNational NuclearhasAdministration77 SandiaGuidance to8/08/2012Reporting Company
Political connections, bank deposits, and formal deposit insurance: Evidence from an emerging economy
1 Political connections, bank deposits, and formal deposit insurance: Evidence from an emerging the impact of banks' political connections on their ability to collect deposits under two different deposit, regardless of their type (state-owned or private entities), politically connected banks are able to attract
Boyer, Edmond
[Climate implications of terrestrial paleoclimate]. Quaternary Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute annual report, fiscal year 1994/1995
The objective of this study is to collect terrestrial climate indicators for paleoclimate synthesis. The paleobiotic and geomorphic records are being examined for the local and regional impact of past climates to assess Yucca Mountain`s suitability as a high-level nuclear waste repository. In particular these data are being used to provide estimates of the timing, duration and extremes of past periods of moister climate for use in hydrological models of local and regional recharge that are being formulated by USGS and other hydrologists for the Yucca Mountain area. The project includes botanical, faunal, and geomorphic components that will be integrated to accomplish this goal. To this end personnel at the Quaternary Sciences Center of the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada are conducting the following activities: Analyses of packrat middens; Analysis of pollen samples; and Determination of vegetation climate relationships.
Wigand, P.E.
Chemical vapor deposition of epitaxial silicon
A single chamber continuous chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor is described for depositing continuously on flat substrates, for example, epitaxial layers of semiconductor materials. The single chamber reactor is formed into three separate zones by baffles or tubes carrying chemical source material and a carrier gas in one gas stream and hydrogen gas in the other stream without interaction while the wafers are heated to deposition temperature. Diffusion of the two gas streams on heated wafers effects the epitaxial deposition in the intermediate zone and the wafers are cooled in the final zone by coolant gases. A CVD reactor for batch processing is also described embodying the deposition principles of the continuous reactor.
Berkman, Samuel (Florham Park, NJ)
Development of Lithium Deposition Techniques for TFTR
The ability to increase the quantity of lithium deposition into TFTR beyond that of the Pellet Injector while minimizing perturbations to the plasma provides interesting experimental and operational options. Two additional lithium deposition tools were developed for possible application during the 1996 Experimental Schedule: a solid lithium target probe for real-time deposition, and a lithium effusion oven for deposition between discharges. The lithium effusion oven was operated in TFTR to deposit lithium on the Inner Limiter in the absence of plasma. This resulted in the third highest power TFTR discharge.
Gorman, J.; Johnson, D.; Kugel, H.W.; Labik, G.; Lemunyan, G.; et al
Development of lithium deposition techniques for TFTR
Kugel, H.W.; Gorman, J.; Johnson, D.; Labik, G.; Lemunyan, G.; Mansfield, D.; Timberlake, J.; Vocaturo, M.
Metal deposition using seed layers
Methods of forming a conductive metal layers on substrates are disclosed which employ a seed layer to enhance bonding, especially to smooth, low-roughness or hydrophobic substrates. In one aspect of the invention, the seed layer can be formed by applying nanoparticles onto a surface of the substrate; and the metallization is achieved by electroplating an electrically conducting metal onto the seed layer, whereby the nanoparticles serve as nucleation sites for metal deposition. In another approach, the seed layer can be formed by a self-assembling linker material, such as a sulfur-containing silane material.
Feng, Hsein-Ping; Chen, Gang; Bo, Yu; Ren, Zhifeng; Chen, Shuo; Poudel, Bed
Silica Deposition | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:Seadov Pty Ltd Jump to: navigation,Pvt LtdShrub Oak, New York:Siemens°SilescentDeposition
Modeling particle deposition on HVAC heat exchangers
Fouling of fin-and-tube heat exchangers by particle deposition leads to diminished effectiveness in supplying ventilation and air conditioning. This paper explores mechanisms that cause particle deposition on heat exchanger surfaces. We present a model that accounts for impaction, diffusion, gravitational settling, and turbulence. Simulation results suggest that some submicron particles deposit in the heat exchanger core, but do not cause significant performance impacts. Particles between 1 and 10 {micro}m deposit with probabilities ranging from 1-20% with fin edge impaction representing the dominant mechanism. Particles larger than 10 {micro}m deposit by impaction on refrigerant tubes, gravitational settling on fin corrugations, and mechanisms associated with turbulent airflow. The model results agree reasonably well with experimental data, but the deposition of larger particles at high velocities is underpredicted. Geometric factors, such as discontinuities in the fins, are hypothesized to be responsible for the discrepancy.
Siegel, J.A.; Nazaroff, W.W.
Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana
deposits consist of unconsolidated Quaternary alluvial-fana heterogeneous mixture of unconsolidated poorly sorted rock
Hygroscopic La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O: Insight into the evolution of borate fundamental building blocks
Borates have exceptionally diverse fundamental building blocks (FBBs), but factors controlling the formation of borate FBBs are poorly understood. The title compound La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O crystallizes in the space group P2{sub 1}/n with a=6.5396(12) �, b=15.550(3) �, c=10.6719(19) �, ?=90.44(1)� and Z=4 at 173(2) K. Its structure has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R{sub 1}=0.049 (for 2465) and wR{sub 2}=0.173 (for 2459 I>2?(I)). This structure analysis and first-principles calculations show that the change of the FBB from 3?2? in the title compound to 2?3? in La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)(H{sub 2}O)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O is accompanied by a rotation of the NO{sub 3} group. FTIR, Rietveld and thermal analysis results show that the hygroscopic title compound is partially changed to La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)(H{sub 2}O)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O, with the conversion of [BO{sub 3}] to [BO{sub 3}(H{sub 2}O)] by water absorption. - Graphical abstract: The change of fundamental building blocks from La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O to La[B{sub 5}O{sub 8}(OH)(H{sub 2}O)]NO{sub 3}�2H{sub 2}O is accompanied by a rotation of the NO{sub 3} group . Display Omitted - Highlights: � Synthesis of a new hydrous lanthanum polyborate nitrate. � Single-crystal XRD structure with the 3?2? FBB and an oriented NO{sub 3} group. � DFT calculations locate the H positions in three lanthanide polyborate nitrates. � Rietveld, FTIR and DFT results show hygroscopicity changes the FBBs.
Zhao, Biao-Chun, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province (China); Sun, Wei, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province (China); Ren, Wei-Jian, E-mail: email@example.com [Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province (China); Huang, Ya-Xi, E-mail: email@example.com [Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province (China); Li, Zucheng, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, SK, S7N 5E2 (Canada); Pan, Yuanming, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, SK, S7N 5E2 (Canada); Mi, Jin-Xiao, E-mail: email@example.com [Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province (China)
Refractive index of quaternary In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/As/sub y/P/sub 1-y/ lattice matched to InP
The refractive index of the quaternary InGaAsP lattice matched to InP at energies below the fundamental absorption is presented. The theoretical result for refractive index n is obtained from a quantum mechanical calculation of the dielectric constant of a compound semiconductor. It is given in terms of basic material parameters only, with no adjustable constants. Comparison of theory with experimental data is also discussed.
Jensen, B.; Torabi, A.
Laser Induced Chemical Liquid Phase Deposition (LCLD)
Laser induced chemical deposition (LCLD) of metals onto different substrates attracts growing attention during the last decade. Deposition of metals onto the surface of dielectrics and semiconductors with help of laser beam allows the creation of conducting metal of very complex architecture even in 3D. In the processes examined the deposition occurs from solutions containing metal ions and reducing agents. The deposition happens in the region of surface irradiated by laser beam (micro reactors). Physics -chemical reactions driven by laser beam will be discussed for different metal-substrate systems. The electrical, optical, mechanical properties of created interfaces will be demonstrated also including some practical-industrial applications.
Nanai, Laszlo; Balint, Agneta M. [University of Szeged, JGYPK, Department of General and Environmental Physics H-6725 Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6 (Hungary); West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Physics, Department of Physics, Bulv. V. Parvan 4, Timisoara 300223 (Romania)
Optical Properties of Zn(O,S) Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering, Atomic Layer Deposition, and Chemical Bath Deposition: Preprint
Zn(O,S) thin films 27 - 100 nm thick were deposited on glass or Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2/Molybdenum/glass with RF sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and chemical bath deposition.
Li, J.; Glynn, S.; Christensen, S.; Mann, J.; To, B.; Ramanathan, K.; Noufi, R.; Furtak, T. E.; Levi, D.
Rifting of the Izu-Bonin arc in the Quaternary and Mid-Oligocene
Eruption of middle Eocene-lower Oligocene boninites and island arc tholeiites created the 200 km wide Izu-Bonin arc massif following the initiation of subduction {approximately}50 Ma. Mid-Oligocene rifting formed a 40-70 km wide forearc basin between the Eocene outer-arc high and the Eo-Oligocene arc (now the frontal arc high), with maximum extension at the latitudes of the Bonin Ridge and Trough. The Oligocene forearc basin was rapidly (100-300 m/m.y.) filled with turbidite and debris flow deposits produced by concurrent volcanism and erosion of the surrounding highs. Contemporaneous stretching in the backarc region produced dominantly east-dipping, NNE-trending, normal faults and culminated in backarc spreading in the Shikoku basin (25-15 Ma), isolating the Palau-Kyushu remnant arc. The forearc and remnant arc sediments record a dearth of volcanogenic input between 23 and 17 Ma; evidence that an arc volcanic minimum accompanied backarc spreading. The middle Miocene to Recent volcanic front formed 0(S)-50(N) km west of the Oligocene arc and has loaded and flexed the forearc. Further west, chains of submarine volcanoes erupted along the extension of Shikoku basin fracture zones. Basaltic sills were emplaced in the forearc. Explosive volcanism from rhyolitic calderas has increased dramatically since the late Pliocene, especially in the last 0.2 Ma. Since {approximately}2 Ma the arc has been stretched again, producing rapidly subsiding (300-2,250 m/m.y.) graben, immediately west of the volcanic front, which are segmented along strike by oblique transfer zones. The Sumisu Rift is partially filled with (<1.5 Ma) volcaniclastic turbidites and hemipelagic sediments and is intruded by backarc basin basalts. About 1 km of syn-rift uplift of the arc margin footwall has produced an unconformity, beneath surficial pumice, that extends back to pumiceous sediments >2.35 Ma.
Taylor, B. (Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu (USA))
Paleohydrologic investigations in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain: Late Quaternary paleobotanical and polynological records
The primary objective of this research in the vicinity of the proposed Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository is the detection of episodes of increased runoff and groundwater discharge in this presently arid area. Ancient, inactive spring deposits in nearby valley bottoms (Haynes, 1967; Quade, 1986; Quade and Pratt, 1989), evidence for perennial water in presently dry canyons (Spaulding, 1992), and recent claims for extraordinary increases in precipitation during the last glacial age (Forester, 1994), provide good reason to further investigate both lowland spring-discharge habitats, and upland drainages. The ultimate purpose is to assess the long-term variability of the hydrologic system in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain in response to naturally occurring climatic changes. The data generated in the course of this study are derived from radiocarbon dated packrat (Neotoma) middens. This report presents the results of an initial assessment of the hydrologic stability of the candidate area based on a limited suite of middens from localities that, on geomorphic and hydrologic grounds, could have been close to ancient stream-side or spring environments. Paleoclimatic reconstructions are another means of studying the long-term climatic hydrologic stability of the Candidate Area include, and are also generated from packrat midden data. A different flora characterized the Candidate Area during the last glacial age in response to a cooler and wetter climate, and the plant species that comprised this flora can be used to reconstruct specific components of past climatic regimes. Thus, a secondary objective of this study is to compare the plant macrofossil data generated in this study to other records from the Candidate Area (Spaulding, 1985; Wigand, 1990) to determine if these new data are consistent with prior reconstructions. 66 refs., 4 figs., 13 tabs.
Spaulding, W.G.
Chemical vapor deposition of mullite coatings
This invention is directed to the creation of crystalline mullite coatings having uniform microstructure by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The process comprises the steps of establishing a flow of reactants which will yield mullite in a CVD reactor, and depositing a crystalline coating from the reactant flow. The process will yield crystalline coatings which are dense and of uniform thickness.
Sarin, Vinod (Lexington, MA); Mulpuri, Rao (Boston, MA)
LBNL-49339 MODELING PARTICLE DEPOSITION ON HVAC HEAT EXCHANGERS J.A. Siegel1,3 * and W.W. Nazaroff2 Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. #12;MODELING PARTICLE DEPOSITION ON HVAC HEAT, such as discontinuities in the fins, are hypothesized to be responsible for the discrepancy. INDEX TERMS HVAC, Fouling
Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences
Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences by Greta J. Orris1 and Richard I. Grauch2 Open. For many years, the deposit at Mountain Pass was the world's dominant source of rare earth elements of rare earth element concentration. Many of the occurrences have not been well studied and the economic
Torgersen, Christian
Colloidal particle deposition in turbulent flow
A theoretical analysis is presented which describes the initial deposition of monodispersed spherical colloidal particles from a steady fully developed turbulent flow onto conduit walls. When the net particle-conduit electrical interaction potential is attractive, particle deposition is shown to be often governed by turbulent hydrodynamics. When the net particle-conduit electrical interaction potential possess a repulsive maximum, particle deposition to first order is uniform and depends solely on electrical interaction effects. The developed theoretical model specialized to orifice deposition with the use of Harwell Flow3D turbulence modelling software qualitatively described the deposition of 0.5 {mu}m silica particles onto glass orifices from an aqueous suspension. The effect of the electrical double layer on the rate of colloidal particle deposition in laminar flow has been described by Spielman and Friedlander (1), Dahneke (2), Bowen et al. (3) and Bowen and Epstein (4). This article describes the extension of their work to colloidal particle deposition under steady fully developed turbulent flow conditions. This article also reports the results of orifice particle deposition experiments which were conducted to qualitatively investigate the developed theoretical model.
Morton, D.S.
Constraining Mercury Oxidation Using Wet Deposition
Constraining Mercury Oxidation Using Wet Deposition Noelle E. Selin and Christopher D. Holmes mercury oxidation [Selin & Jacob, Atmos. Env. 2008] 30 60 90 120 150 30 60 90 120 150 30 60 90 120 150 30 Influences on Mercury Wet Deposition · Hg wet dep = f(precipitation, [Hg(II)+Hg(P)]) Correlation (r2) between
Selin, Noelle Eckley
Laser induced thermophoresis and particulate deposition efficiency
The interaction of laser radiation and an absorbing aerosol in a tube flow has been considered. The aerosol is produced by external heating of reactants as in the MCVD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) process to produce submicron size particles in the manufacture of optical fiber preforms. These are subsequently deposited by thermophoretic forces on the inner wall of the tube as they are convected by a Poiseuille velocity profile. Axial laser radiation in the tube interacts with the absorbing particles, and the laser heating of the gas induces additional thermophoretic forces that markedly increase the efficiency of particulate deposition. A particle concentration dependent absorption coefficient that appears in the energy equation couples the energy equation to the equation of particle conservation, so that a non-linear set of coupled partial integrodifferential equations must be solved. Numerical solutions for aerosol particle trajectories, and thus deposition efficiencies, have been obtained. It is shown that laser enhanced thermophoresis markedly improves the deposition efficiency.
Cipolla, J.; Morse, T.F.; Wang, C.Y.
Probabilities for the emission of light particles and their energy and angular distributions for true quaternary nuclear fission
On the basis of quantum-mechanical fission theory, the features of true quaternary nuclear fission are studied by treating this fission process as a sequence of three processes following one another in the course of time. The first two processes are the escape of the first and then the second of the two light particles emitted from the neck of a fissioning nucleus because of a nonadiabatic character of the collective deformation motion of this nucleus. Finally, the third process is the separation of the fissioning nucleus into two rather heavy fission fragments. The differences that arise in the emission probabilities and in the angular and energy distributions upon going over from the first emitted to the second emitted prescission third and fourth particles are analyzed by invoking experimental data on the spontaneous and thermalneutron-induced fission of nuclei, and it is shown that these differences are caused by the changes both in the geometric configuration of the fissioning nucleus and in the shell structure of its neck after the first prescission particle is emitted from it.
Metal thin film growth on multimetallic surfaces: From quaternary metallic glass to binary crystal
The work presented in this thesis mainly focuses on the nucleation and growth of metal thin films on multimetallic surfaces. First, we have investigated the Ag film growth on a bulk metallic glass surface. Next, we have examined the coarsening and decay of bilayer Ag islands on NiAl(110) surface. Third, we have investigated the Ag film growth on NiAl(110) surface using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). At last, we have reported our investigation on the epitaxial growth of Ni on NiAl(110) surface. Some general conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, Ag, a bulk-crystalline material, initially forms a disordered wetting layer up to 4-5 monolayers on Zr-Ni-Cu-Al metallic glass. Above this coverage, crystalline 3D clusters grow, in parallel with the flatter regions. The cluster density increases with decreasing temperature, indicating that the conditions of island nucleation are far-from-equilibrium. Within a simple model where clusters nucleate whenever two mobile Ag adatoms meet, the temperature-dependence of cluster density yields a (reasonable) upper limit for the value of the Ag diffusion barrier on top of the Ag wetting layer of 0.32 eV. Overall, this prototypical study suggests that it is possible to grow films of a bulk-crystalline metal that adopt the amorphous character of a glassy metal substrate, if film thickness is sufficiently low. Next, the first study of coarsening and decay of bilayer islands has been presented. The system was Ag on NiAl(110) in the temperature range from 185 K to 250 K. The coarsening behavior, has some similarities to that seen in the Ag(110) homoepitaxial system studied by Morgenstern and co-workers. At 185 K and 205 K, coarsening of Ag islands follows a Smoluchowski ripening pathway. At 205 K and 250 K, the terrace diffusion limited Ostwald ripening dominants. The experimental observed temperature for the transition from SR to OR is 205 K. The SR exhibits anisotropic island diffusion and the OR exhibits 1D decay of island length while keeping the corresponding island width constant. Third, LEED indicates that, up to about 6 BL (12 ML), the Ag film adopts the (110) structure on lattice matched NiAl(110) surface, supporting the previous assignment based upon island heights measured in STM. Starting at 4.5 to 6 BL, (111) diffraction pattern is detected. This is also in agreement with previous STM study. Careful examinations of the LEED patterns reveal the slight difference in lattice constants between bulk Ag and bulk NiAl. At last, we performed STM studies of Ni deposition on NiAl(110) in the temperature range from 200 K to 400 K. Ni forms 'dense' Ni(100)-like islands on NiAl(110) with a zig-zag shaped stripe feature which is probably due to strain relief. DFT analysis provides insights into the island growth shapes, which are rationalized by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the film growth process. For thick Ni films (coverage exceeding 6 ML), a Ni(111)-like structure developed. Traditional MF theory is applied to analyze island density at 200 K. Deviation from homogeneous nucleation behavior for island size distribution and island density reveals the presence of heterogeneous nucleation mediated by the Ni antisite point defects on NiAl(110) surface.
Jing, Dapeng
Photobiomolecular deposition of metallic particles and films
The method of the invention is based on the unique electron-carrying function of a photocatalytic unit such as the photosynthesis system I (PSI) reaction center of the protein-chlorophyll complex isolated from chloroplasts. The method employs a photo-biomolecular metal deposition technique for precisely controlled nucleation and growth of metallic clusters/particles, e.g., platinum, palladium, and their alloys, etc., as well as for thin-film formation above the surface of a solid substrate. The photochemically mediated technique offers numerous advantages over traditional deposition methods including quantitative atom deposition control, high energy efficiency, and mild operating condition requirements.
Hu, Zhong-Cheng
Depositional environments of the Kodiak Shelf, Alaska
'te ?eel i 9/I !, . jor S h!est; O? anoo! aphJ DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE KODIAK SHELF, ALASKA A Thesis by STUART PETER BURBACH Approved as to sty1e and content by: (Chairman of Committee ( ead of Department) (Member) (Member) December 1977... -'DSTRRCT Depositional Environments of the Kodiak ', elf, Alaska. (December 1977) Stuart Peter Burbach, B. P, . , University of Ifisconsin at Iililv!aukee Chairman of Cidvfsory Committee: Dr. I!illiam B. Bryant Four depositional environments are defined...
Burbach, Stuart Peter
Analysis Of Hot Springs And Associated Deposits In Yellowstone...
analysis, and VNIR spectroscopy. Samples of hot spring deposits, geyser deposits, and soil were also collected. Analysis of ASTER data provided broad scale characteristics of the...
Persistence of soil organic matter in eroding versus depositional...
Persistence of soil organic matter in eroding versus depositional landform positions. Persistence of soil organic matter in eroding versus depositional landform positions....
Supercritical Fluid Immersion Deposition: A New Process for Selective...
property of immersion deposition, enables the SFID technique to selectively deposit metal films in small features. SFID may also provide a new method to fabricate palladium...
Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Supercriti...
Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Supercritical Fluid Method. Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Supercritical Fluid Method....
aln film deposited: Topics by E-print Network
deposited by the reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique at room, amorphous and polycrystalline GaN thin films have been deposited using the magnetron sputtering...
aln films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
Eulerian CFD Models to Predict Thermophoretic Deposition of Soot...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Eulerian CFD Models to Predict Thermophoretic Deposition of Soot Particles in EGR Coolers Eulerian CFD Models to Predict Thermophoretic Deposition of Soot Particles in EGR Coolers...
Small Business Linked Deposit Program (Oklahoma)
The Small Business Linked Deposit Program provides below-market interest rates for qualified small businesses and certified industrial parks through local financing sources. Loans are for a two...
geothermal energy exploration and development are most important. Geothermal resources in Costa Rica have of energy development in Costa Rica. The Miravalles geothermCALCIUM CARBONATE DEPOSITION IN GEOTHERMAL WELLBORES MIRAVALLES GEOTHERMAL FIELD COSTA RICA
Stanford University
Chemical vapor deposition of antimicrobial polymer coatings
There is large and growing interest in making a wide variety of materials and surfaces antimicrobial. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a solventless low-temperature process, is used to form thin films of polymers ...
Martin, Tyler Philip, 1977-
Source replenishment device for vacuum deposition
A material source replenishment device for use with a vacuum deposition apparatus is described. The source replenishment device comprises an intermittent motion producing gear arrangement disposed within the vacuum deposition chamber. An elongated rod having one end operably connected to the gearing arrangement is provided with a multiarmed head at the opposite end disposed adjacent the heating element of the vacuum deposition apparatus. An inverted U-shaped source material element is releasably attached to the outer end of each arm member whereby said multiarmed head is moved to locate a first of said material elements above said heating element, whereupon said multiarmed head is lowered to engage said material element with the heating element and further lowered to release said material element on the heating element. After vaporization of said material element, second and subsequent material elements may be provided to the heating element without the need for opening the vacuum deposition apparatus to the atmosphere.
Hill, R.A.
Linked Deposit Loan Program (West Virginia)
The Linked Deposit Loan Program is targeted at small, private firms with 50 or fewer employees and gross annual revenues of $5 million or less comes. This loan offered through the West Virginia...
Late quaternary geomorphology and geoarchaeology of a segment of the Central Mimbres River Valley, Grant County, New Mexico
Two terraces, a modem floodplain, and alluvial fans were identified along a segment of the central Mimbres River Valley in Grant County, New Mexico. The oldest terrace, T2, is composed of one major depositional unit (1) and is capped by a...
Fitch, Michael Anthony
Method for deposition of a conductor in integrated circuits
A method is described for fabricating integrated semiconductor circuits and, more particularly, for the selective deposition of a conductor onto a substrate employing a chemical vapor deposition process. By way of example, tungsten can be selectively deposited onto a silicon substrate. At the onset of loss of selectivity of deposition of tungsten onto the silicon substrate, the deposition process is interrupted and unwanted tungsten which has deposited on a mask layer with the silicon substrate can be removed employing a halogen etchant. Thereafter, a plurality of deposition/etch back cycles can be carried out to achieve a predetermined thickness of tungsten. 2 figs.
Creighton, J.R.; Dominguez, F.; Johnson, A.W.; Omstead, T.R.
A method is described for fabricating integrated semiconductor circuits and, more particularly, for the selective deposition of a conductor onto a substrate employing a chemical vapor deposition process. By way of example, tungsten can be selectively deposited onto a silicon substrate. At the onset of loss of selectivity of deposition of tungsten onto the silicon substrate, the deposition process is interrupted and unwanted tungsten which has deposited on a mask layer with the silicon substrate can be removed employing a halogen etchant. Thereafter, a plurality of deposition/etch back cycles can be carried out to achieve a predetermined thickness of tungsten.
Creighton, J. Randall (Albuquerque, NM); Dominguez, Frank (Albuquerque, NM); Johnson, A. Wayne (Albuquerque, NM); Omstead, Thomas R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Apparatus for laser assisted thin film deposition
A pulsed laser deposition apparatus uses fiber optics to deliver visible output beams. One or more optical fibers are coupled to one or more laser sources, and delivers visible output beams to a single chamber, to multiple targets in the chamber or to multiple chambers. The laser can run uninterrupted if one of the deposition chambers ceases to operate because other chambers can continue their laser deposition processes. The laser source can be positioned at a remote location relative to the deposition chamber. The use of fiber optics permits multi-plexing. A pulsed visible laser beam is directed at a generally non-perpendicular angle upon the target in the chamber, generating a plume of ions and energetic neutral species. A portion of the plume is deposited on a substrate as a thin film. A pulsed visible output beam with a high pulse repetition frequency is used. The high pulse repetition frequency is greater than 500 Hz, and more preferably, greater than about 1000 Hz. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is one of the thin films produced using the apparatus. 9 figs.
Warner, B.E.; McLean, W. II
A pulsed laser deposition apparatus uses fiber optics to deliver visible output beams. One or more optical fibers are coupled to one or more laser sources, and delivers visible output beams to a single chamber, to multiple targets in the chamber or to multiple chambers. The laser can run uninterrupted if one of the deposition chambers ceases to operate because other chambers can continue their laser deposition processes. The laser source can be positioned at a remote location relative to the deposition chamber. The use of fiber optics permits multi-plexing. A pulsed visible laser beam is directed at a generally non-perpendicular angle upon the target in the chamber, generating a plume of ions and energetic neutral species. A portion of the plume is deposited on a substrate as a thin film. A pulsed visible output beam with a high pulse repetition frequency is used. The high pulse repetition frequency is greater than 500 Hz, and more preferably, greater than about 1000 Hz. Diamond-like-carbon (DLC) is one of the thin films produced using the apparatus.
Warner, Bruce E. (Pleasanton, CA); McLean, II, William (Oakland, CA)
Source-attribution for atmospheric mercury deposition: Where does the mercury in mercury deposition come from?
1 Source-attribution for atmospheric mercury deposition: Where does the mercury in mercury of the Mercury Working Group, Office of Air Quality, Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) April 21, 2005 #12;2 For mercury, how important is atmospheric deposition relative to other loading
Role of gas phase reactions in subatmospheric chemical-vapor deposition ozone/TEOS processes for oxide deposition
-vapor deposition. Our results for oxide deposition show optimum process window around 200 Torr for producing films a po- tentially optimum process window in which film properties, deposition rates, film uniformity requires high quality dielectric films that can be deposited rapidly and conformally on high aspect ratio
Authorization Form for Direct Deposit for Boston College Vendor Payments Boston College has implemented Direct Deposit for Vendor Payments.
Authorization Form for Direct Deposit for Boston College Vendor Payments Boston College has implemented Direct Deposit for Vendor Payments. Once you are set up, all payments will be processed via direct, a brief payment description, and the estimated deposit date. Direct Deposit Form Vendor Information Vendor
Huang, Jianyu
Glow discharge plasma deposition of thin films
A glow discharge plasma reactor for deposition of thin films from a reactive RF glow discharge is provided with a screen positioned between the walls of the chamber and the cathode to confine the glow discharge region to within the region defined by the screen and the cathode. A substrate for receiving deposition material from a reactive gas is positioned outside the screened region. The screen is electrically connected to the system ground to thereby serve as the anode of the system. The energy of the reactive gas species is reduced as they diffuse through the screen to the substrate. Reactive gas is conducted directly into the glow discharge region through a centrally positioned distribution head to reduce contamination effects otherwise caused by secondary reaction products and impurities deposited on the reactor walls.
Weakliem, Herbert A. (Pennington, NJ); Vossen, Jr., John L. (Bridgewater, NJ)
Supplemental heating of deposition tooling shields
A method of reducing particle generation from the thin coating deposited on the internal surfaces of a deposition chamber which undergoes temperature variation greater than 100.degree. C. comprising maintaining the temperature variation of the internal surfaces low enough during the process cycle to keep thermal expansion stresses between the coating and the surfaces under 500 MPa. For titanium nitride deposited on stainless steel, this means keeping temperature variations under approximately 70.degree. C. in a chamber that may be heated to over 350.degree. C. during a typical processing operation. Preferably, a supplemental heater is mounted behind the upper shield and controlled by a temperature sensitive element which provides feedback control based on the temperature of the upper shield.
Ohlhausen, James A. (Albuquerque, NM); Peebles, Diane E. (Albuquerque, NM); Hunter, John A. (Albuquerque, NM); Eckelmeyer, Kenneth H. (Albuquerque, NM)
Forming aspheric optics by controlled deposition
An aspheric optical element formed by depositing material onto a spherical surface of an optical element by controlled deposition to form an aspheric surface of desired shape. A reflecting surface, single or multi-layer, can then be formed on the aspheric surface by evaporative or sputtering techniques. Aspheric optical elements are suitable for deep ultra-violet (UV) and x-ray wavelengths. The reflecting surface may, for example, be a thin (.about.100 nm) layer of aluminum, or in some cases the deposited modifying layer may function as the reflecting surface. For certain applications, multi-layer reflective surfaces may be utilized, such as chromium-carbon or tungsten-carbon multi-layer, with the number of layers and thickness being determined by the intended application.
Hawryluk, Andrew M. (Modesto, CA)
Chemical vapor deposition of group IIIB metals
Coatings of Group IIIB metals and compounds thereof are formed by chemical vapor deposition, in which a heat decomposable organometallic compound of the formula given in the patent where M is a Group IIIB metal, such as lanthanum or yttrium and R is a lower alkyl or alkenyl radical containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, with a heated substrate which is above the decomposition temperature of the organometallic compound. The pure metal is obtained when the compound of the formula 1 is the sole heat decomposable compound present and deposition is carried out under nonoxidizing conditions. Intermetallic compounds such as lanthanum telluride can be deposited from a lanthanum compound of formula 1 and a heat decomposable tellurium compound under nonoxidizing conditions.
Erbil, A.
Ash & Pulverized Coal Deposition in Combustors & Gasifiers
Further progress in achieving the objectives of the project was made in the period of October 1 to December 31, 1996. In particular, the sublayer model for evaluating the particle deposition in turbulent flows was extended to include the effect of particle rebound. A new more advance flow model for the near wall vortices is also used in these analysis. The computational model for simulating particle transport in turbulent flows was used to analyze the dispersion and deposition of particles in a recirculating flow region. The predictions of the particle resuspension model is compared with the experimental data. It is shown that when the effects of the near wall flow structure, as we as the surface roughness are included the model agrees with the available experimental data. Considerable progress was also made in the direct numerical simulation of particle removal process in turbulent gas flows. Experimental data for transport and deposition of glass fiber in the aerosol wind tunnel was also obtained.
Goodarz Ahmadi
Liquid injection plasma deposition method and apparatus
A liquid injection plasma torch deposition apparatus for depositing material onto a surface of a substrate may comprise a plasma torch for producing a jet of plasma from an outlet nozzle. A plasma confinement tube having an inlet end and an outlet end and a central bore therethrough is aligned with the outlet nozzle of the plasma torch so that the plasma jet is directed into the inlet end of the plasma confinement tube and emerges from the outlet end of the plasma confinement tube. The plasma confinement tube also includes an injection port transverse to the central bore. A liquid injection device connected to the injection port of the plasma confinement tube injects a liquid reactant mixture containing the material to be deposited onto the surface of the substrate through the injection port and into the central bore of the plasma confinement tube.
Kong, Peter C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Watkins, Arthur D. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Method for using salt deposits for storage
A method for developing, evacuating, using, sealing, and re-entering multiple stacked cavities which are created from a single well in salt deposits. The cavities are created in a salt deposit by circulating raw water through concentric casing strings in the well. Each of the cavities is evacuated of liquids prior to use. After storage material is injected into a cavity, the cavity is sealed by setting a plug in the well bore above the top of the cavity. The cavities may be re-entered by drilling out the plug or by drilling a directional well directly into the cavity.
Hooper, M. W.; Voorhees, E. J.
Ruthenium / aerogel nanocomposits via Atomic Layer Deposition
We present a general approach to prepare metal/aerogel nanocomposites via template directed atomic layer deposition (ALD). In particular, we used a Ru ALD process consisting of alternating exposures to bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium (RuCp{sub 2}) and air at 350 C to deposit metallic Ru nanoparticles on the internal surfaces of carbon and silica aerogels. The process does not affect the morphology of the aerogel template and offers excellent control over metal loading by simply adjusting the number of ALD cycles. We also discuss the limitations of our ALD approach, and suggest ways to overcome these.
Biener, J; Baumann, T F; Wang, Y; Nelson, E J; Kucheyev, S O; Hamza, A V; Kemell, M; Ritala, M; Leskela, M
Polymer-assisted deposition of films
A polymer assisted deposition process for deposition of metal nitride films and the like is presented. The process includes solutions of one or more metal precursor and soluble polymers having binding properties for the one or more metal precursor. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is heated at high temperatures under a suitable atmosphere to yield metal nitride films and the like. Such films can be conformal on a variety of substrates including non-planar substrates. In some instances, the films can be epitaxial in structure and can be of optical quality. The process can be organic solvent-free.
McCleskey,Thomas M. (Los Alamos, NM); Burrell,Anthony K. (Los Alamos, NM); Jia,Quanxi (Los Alamos, NM); Lin,Yuan (Chandler, AZ)
Panel 1 - comparative evaluation of deposition technologies
This working group attempted to evaluate/compare the different types of deposition techniques currently under investigation for depositing diamond and diamond-like carbon films. A table lists the broad types of techniques that were considered for depositing diamond and diamond-like carbon films. After some discussion, it was agreed that any evaluation of the various techniques would be dependent on the end application. Thus the next action was to list the different areas where diamond and DLC films could find applications in transportation. These application areas are listed in a table. The table intentionally does not go into great detail on applications because that subject is dealt with specifically by Panel No. 4 - Applications To Transportation. The next action concentrated on identifying critical issues or limitations that need to be considered in evaluating the different processes. An attempt was then made to rank different broad categories of deposition techniques currently available or under development based on the four application areas and the limitations. These rankings/evaluations are given for diamond and DLC techniques. Finally, the working group tried to identify critical development and research issues that need to be incorporated into developing a long-term program that focuses on diamond/DLC coatings for transportation needs. 5 tabs.
Fenske, G.R.; Stodolsky, F. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Benson, D.K.; Pitts, R.J. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Bhat, D.G. [GTE Valenite Corp., Troy, MI (United States); Yulin Chen [Allison Gas Turbine Division, GM, Indianapolis, IN (United States); Gat, R.; Sunkara, M.K. [Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States); Kelly, M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Lawler, J.E. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison (United States); Nagle, D.C. [Martin Marietta Labs., Baltimore, MD (United States); Outka, D. [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (United States); Revankar, G.S. [Deere & Co., Moline, IL (United States); Subramaniam, V.V. [Ohio State Univ., Columbus (United States); Wilbur, P.J. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins (United States); Mingshow Wong [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Woolam, W.E. [Southwest Research Inst., Arlington, VA (United States)
Chemical vapor deposition of aluminum oxide
An aluminum oxide film is deposited on a heated substrate by CVD from one or more alkylaluminum alkoxide compounds having composition R.sub.n Al.sub.2 (OR').sub.6-n, wherein R and R' are alkyl groups and n is in the range of 1 to 5.
Gordon, Roy (Cambridge, MA); Kramer, Keith (Cleveland, OH); Liu, Xinye (Cambridge, MA)
Supercritical Fluid Immersion Deposition: A New Process for Selective Deposition of Metal Films on Silicon Substrates
Supercritical CO2 is used as a new solvent for immersion deposition, a galvanic displacement process traditionally carried out in aqueous HF solutions containing metal ions, to selectively develop metal films on featured or non-featured silicon substrates. Components of supercritical fluid immersion deposition (SFID) solutions for fabricating Cu and Pd films on silicon substrates are described along with the corresponding experimental setup and procedure. Only silicon substrates exposed and reactive to SFID solutions can be coated. The highly pressurized and gas-like supercritical CO2, combined with the galvanic displacement property of immersion deposition, enables the SFID technique to selectively deposit metal films in small features. SFID may also provide a new method to fabricate palladium silicide in small features or to metallize porous silicon.
Ye, Xiangrong; Wai, Chien M.; Lin, Yuehe; Young, James S.; Engelhard, Mark H.
Ionic liquids are often cited for their excellent thermal stability, a key property for their use as solvents and in the chemical processing of biofuels. However, there has been little supporting data on the long term aging effect of temperature on these materials. Imizadolium, quaternary ammonium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidnium-based ionic liquids with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide anions were aged for 2520 hours (15 weeks) at 200?C in air to determine the effects of an oxidizing environment on their chemical structure and thermal stability over time. It was found that the minor changes in the cation chemistry could greatly affect the properties of the ILs over time.
Fox, E.
All graphene electromechanical switch fabricated by chemical vapor deposition
We demonstrate an electromechanical switch comprising two polycrystalline graphene films; each deposited using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. The top film is pulled into electrical contact with the bottom film ...
Milaninia, Kaveh M.
Aeolian depositional landforms of the south eastern Mojave Desert, California
Remote sensing and photo interpretation techniques are used to describe and map aeolian deposits found along two sediment transport corridors in the south eastern Mojave Desert. The first pathway and associated sand deposits extend eastward from...
Alvis, William Thomas
Geochemical and sedimentological investigations of Youngest Toba Tuff ashfall deposits
sedimentological structures and geometry ...................................................... 90 5.5 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 91 5.5.1 The local... ..................................................... 97 5.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER 6. DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF YTT DEPOSITS IN THE LENGGONG VALLEY, MALAYSIA...
Gatti, Emma
amyloid deposition limits: Topics by E-print Network
Summary: 1 Title page. Title: Subjective cognition and amyloid deposition imaging. A PiB PET study in normal-beta (A) deposition, imaged with 11 C-Pittsburg compound B (PiB) -...
Crater ice deposits near the south pole of Mars
Layered deposits atop both Martian poles are thought to preserve a record of past climatic conditions in up to three km of water ice and dust. Just beyond the extent of these south polar layered deposits (SPLD), dozens of ...
Westbrook, Owen William
Selectivity Control in Synergistic Liquid-Liquid Anion Exchange of Univalent Anions via Structure-Specific Cooperativity between Quaternary Ammonium Cations and Anion Receptors
Two anion receptors enhance liquid-liquid anion exchange when added to quaternary alkylammonium chloride anion exchangers, but with a striking dependence upon the structure of the alkylammonium cation. Two anion receptors were investigated, meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (C4P) and the bisthiourea tweezer 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(3-(4-sec-butylphenyl)thiourea (BTU). C4P has the unique ability in its cone anion-binding conformation to accept an appropriately sized electropositive species in the resulting cup formed by its four electron-rich pyrrole groups, while BTU is not expected to be predisposed for a specific host-guest interaction with the quaternary ammonium cations. It was therefore hypothesized that synergism between C4P and methyltri(C8,10)alkylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) would be uniquely pronounced owing to insertion of the methyl group of the Aliquat cation into the C4P cup, and we present herein data supporting this expectation. While synergism is comparatively weak for both exchangers with the BTU receptor, synergism between C4P and Aliquat 336 is indeed so strong that anion exchange prefers chloride over more extractable nitrate and trifluoroacetate, effectively overcoming the ubiquitous Hofmeister bias. A thermochemical analysis of synergistic anion exchange has been provided for the first time, unraveling the observed selectivity behavior and resulting in the estimation of binding constants for C4P with the ion pairs of A336+ with Cl , Br , OAcF3 , NO3 , and I . The uniquely strong positive cooperativity between A336 and C4P underscores the advantage of a supramolecular approach in the design of synergistic anion exchange systems.
Borman, Christopher J [ORNL; Bonnesen, Peter V [ORNL; Moyer, Bruce A [ORNL
amorphous carbon deposited: Topics by E-print Network
The contamination was believed 2 NICKELHYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS CARBON COMPOSITE FILMS DEPOSITED IN ACETYLENEARGON MICROWAVE PLASMA DISCHARGE CiteSeer Summary:...
Formation of amorphous metal alloys by chemical vapor deposition
Amorphous alloys are deposited by a process of thermal dissociation of mixtures or organometallic compounds and metalloid hydrides, e.g., transition metal carbonyl such as nickel carbonyl, and diborane. Various sizes and shapes of deposits can be achieved, including near-net-shape free standing articles, multilayer deposits, and the like. Manipulation or absence of a magnetic field affects the nature and the structure of the deposit.
Mullendore, Arthur W. (Sandia Park, NM)
age) cut the Estonian oil shale-kukersite deposits. Two younger groups of structures are typical fault
K. Sokman; V. Kattai; R. Vaher; Y. J. Systra
Ultrashort pulse laser deposition of thin films
Short pulse PLD is a viable technique of producing high quality films with properties very close to that of crystalline diamond. The plasma generated using femtosecond lasers is composed of single atom ions with no clusters producing films with high Sp.sup.3 /Sp.sup.2 ratios. Using a high average power femtosecond laser system, the present invention dramatically increases deposition rates to up to 25 .mu.m/hr (which exceeds many CVD processes) while growing particulate-free films. In the present invention, deposition rates is a function of laser wavelength, laser fluence, laser spot size, and target/substrate separation. The relevant laser parameters are shown to ensure particulate-free growth, and characterizations of the films grown are made using several diagnostic techniques including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Raman spectroscopy.
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Banks, Paul S. (Livermore, CA); Stuart, Brent C. (Fremont, CA)
Surface acoustic wave dust deposition monitor
A system is disclosed for using the attenuation of surface acoustic waves to monitor real time dust deposition rates on surfaces. The system includes a signal generator, a tone-burst generator/amplifier connected to a transmitting transducer for converting electrical signals into acoustic waves. These waves are transmitted through a path defining means adjacent to a layer of dust and then, in turn, transmitted to a receiving transducer for changing the attenuated acoustic wave to electrical signals. The signals representing the attenuated acoustic waves may be amplified and used in a means for analyzing the output signals to produce an output indicative of the dust deposition rates and/or values of dust in the layer. 8 figs.
Fasching, G.E.; Smith, N.S. Jr.
Paraffin deposition in offshore oil production
PARAFFIN DEPOSITION IN OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION A Thesis by G E R A L D M A S O N E L P H I N G S T O N E J R . Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A & M Univers i ty in part ial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of M A S T E R O F S C I E N C E May 1995 Major Subject: Chemica l Engineering PARAFFIN DEPOSITION IN OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION A Thesis by G E R A L D M A S O N E L P H I N G S T O N E J R . Submitted to Texas A & M University in part ial...
Elphingstone, Gerald Mason
Electrophoretically-deposited solid film lubricants
An aqueous-based process that uses electrophoresis to attract powdered lubricant in suspension to a charged target was developed. The deposition process yields coatings with low friction, complies with environmental safety regulations, requires minimal equipment, and has several advantages over processes involving organic binders or vacuum techniques. This work focuses on development of the deposition process, includes an analysis of the friction coefficient of the material in sliding contact with stainless steel under a range of conditions, and a functional evaluation of coating performance in a precision mechanical device application. Results show that solid lubricant films with friction coefficients as low as 0.03 can be produced. A 0.03 friction coefficient is superior to solid lubricants with binder systems and is comparable to friction coefficients generated with more costly vacuum techniques.
Dugger, M.T.; Panitz, J.K.J.; Vanecek, C.W.
Electrostatic force assisted deposition of graphene
An embodiment of a method of depositing graphene includes bringing a stamp into contact with a substrate over a contact area. The stamp has at least a few layers of the graphene covering the contact area. An electric field is developed over the contact area. The stamp is removed from the vicinity of the substrate which leaves at least a layer of the graphene substantially covering the contact area.
Liang, Xiaogan (Berkeley, CA)
Apparatus and method for photochemical vapor deposition
A photochemical vapor deposition apparatus includes a reactor housing having a window in one wall above a reaction chamber in the housing. A transparent curtain divides the reaction chamber into a reaction zone and a flush zone. At least one substrate is mounted in the reaction zone in light communication with the window so that ultraviolet radiation may penetrate through the window into the reaction zone. The window is kept clear by a gas flowing through the flush zone.
Jackson, Scott C. (Wilmington, DE); Rocheleau, Richard E. (Wilmington, DE)
Stationary phase deposition based on onium salts
Onium salt chemistry can be used to deposit very uniform thickness stationary phases on the wall of a gas chromatography column. In particular, the stationary phase can be bonded to non-silicon based columns, especially microfabricated metal columns. Non-silicon microfabricated columns may be manufactured and processed at a fraction of the cost of silicon-based columns. In addition, the method can be used to phase-coat conventional capillary columns or silicon-based microfabricated columns.
Wheeler, David R. (Albuquerque, NM); Lewis, Patrick R. (Albuquerque, NM); Dirk, Shawn M. (Albuquerque, NM); Trudell, Daniel E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Hydrothermally Deposited Rock | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation,Ohio:GreerHiCalifornia: Energythe Second Workshop onDeposited Rock Jump to:
Monday, March 12, 2007 MARS POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS
acquired a unique dataset over the north polar layered deposits and residual ices. Here, we reviewMonday, March 12, 2007 MARS POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS 2:30 p.m. Marina Plaza Ballroom Chairs: R. J. Phillips J. J. Plaut 2:30 p.m. Tanaka K. L. * North Polar Layered Deposits on Mars as Revealed by Hi
Rathbun, Julie A.
Simple approaches for measuring dry atmospheric nitrogen deposition to watersheds
'' and spatial variations of gaseous dry N deposition (i.e., nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3)), thoughSimple approaches for measuring dry atmospheric nitrogen deposition to watersheds Heather E. Golden the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on surface water quality requires accurate accounts
Elliott, Emily M.
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM OXIDE
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM OXIDE A thesis submitted deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide on crystalline silicon and anodized aluminum substrates. A homemade ALD system is used with trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water as precursors to deposit uniform aluminum oxide
Belanger, David P.
ISSN 1745-9648 Synchronisation and Staggering of Deposit
Working Paper 07-14 Abstract: This study examines the frequency and form of deposit account interest rateISSN 1745-9648 Synchronisation and Staggering of Deposit Account Interest Rate Changes by John K change. Specifically, the question of whether deposit interest rate change is synchronised with other
Feigon, Brooke
Chemical deposition methods using supercritical fluid solutions
A method for depositing a film of a desired material on a substrate comprises dissolving at least one reagent in a supercritical fluid comprising at least one solvent. Either the reagent is capable of reacting with or is a precursor of a compound capable of reacting with the solvent to form the desired product, or at least one additional reagent is included in the supercritical solution and is capable of reacting with or is a precursor of a compound capable of reacting with the first reagent or with a compound derived from the first reagent to form the desired material. The supercritical solution is expanded to produce a vapor or aerosol and a chemical reaction is induced in the vapor or aerosol so that a film of the desired material resulting from the chemical reaction is deposited on the substrate surface. In an alternate embodiment, the supercritical solution containing at least one reagent is expanded to produce a vapor or aerosol which is then mixed with a gas containing at least one additional reagent. A chemical reaction is induced in the resulting mixture so that a film of the desired material is deposited.
Sievers, Robert E. (Boulder, CO); Hansen, Brian N. (Boulder, CO)
Cr-doped scandium borate laser
A broadly wavelength-tunable laser is provided which comprises as the laser medium a single crystal of MBO.sub.3 :Cr.sup.3+, where M is selected from the group of Sc, In and Lu. The laser may be operated over a broad temperature range from cryogenic temperatures to elevated temperatures. Emission is in a spectral range from red to infrared, and the laser is useful in the fields of defense, communications, isotope separation, photochemistry, etc.
Chai, Bruce H. (Bridgewater, NJ); Lai, Shui T. (Florham Park, NJ); Long, Margaret N. (Landing, NJ)
Comparative Properties on · Swelling · Strength/modulus · Leaching · Termite Resistance · Decay Resistance: A standardized leaching test method for treated wood composites!! #12;Panel Boric Acid Equivalent Analysis #12
Deposition of biaxially textured yttria-stabilized zirconia by ion-beam-assisted deposition.
Biaxially textured yttria (8 mol %)-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited on randomly oriented Hastelloy C and Stainless Steel 304 at room temperature as a buffer layer for subsequent deposition of oriented YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} films. The 0.16-1.3 {micro}m thick YSZ films were deposited by e-beam evaporation at rates of 1.2-3.2 {angstrom}/sec. Biaxially textured films were produced with an Ar/O{sub 2} ion beam directed at the substrate during film growth. X-ray diffraction was used to study in-plane and out-of-plane orientation as a function of ion-bombardment angle, film thickness, ion-to-atom flux ratio, and substrate material. In-plane and out-of-plane average-misorientation angles on these YSZ films that were deposited by ion-beam-assisted deposition were as low as 17 and 5.4{degree}, respectively, on as-received substrates.
Chudzik, M. P.
Effects of copper deposition on boiler waterside surfaces
The relative importance of metal oxide corrosion products in waterside deposits, as opposed to traditional scale-forming constituents, is discussed, and the sources of copper and copper oxide boiler deposits are reviewed. Also reviewed are explanations of some of the problems associated with the presence of deposits and especially, copper-containing deposits. These include those due to a reduction in heat transfer and tube metal overheating, as well as various corrosion mechanisms. Case histories, which illustrate certain deleterious mechanisms due to the presence of such deposition, are also presented.
Wangerin, M.C.; Rondum, K.D. [Ashland Chemical Co., Boonton, NJ (United States)
Sequence stratigraphy of the late Pleistocene - Holocene deposits on the northwestern margin of the South Caspian Basin
Quaternary, which nicely correlates with the period of active subsidence of the SCB (Lebedev et al., 1987). In Azerbaijan the debris from the volcanoes contains clasts with ages from Cretaceous through Neogene. The main source for muds is predominantly...
Rahmanov, Ogtay Rasim
Sandia National Laboratories: atomic layer deposition
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia, NREL Release Wavearc-fault circuitatomic layer deposition
Mechanics of hydrogenated amorphous carbon deposits from electron-beam-induced deposition of a paraffin precursor
, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, secondary-ion-mass spectrometry, and nanoindentation approach employs the high surface energy of nanostructures. Cuenot et al.1 and Salvetat et al.2 used of hydrocarbon near the area where the EBID deposits were made. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Nanostructure templating using low temperature atomic layer deposition
Methods are described for making nanostructures that are mechanically, chemically and thermally stable at desired elevated temperatures, from nanostructure templates having a stability temperature that is less than the desired elevated temperature. The methods comprise depositing by atomic layer deposition (ALD) structural layers that are stable at the desired elevated temperatures, onto a template employing a graded temperature deposition scheme. At least one structural layer is deposited at an initial temperature that is less than or equal to the stability temperature of the template, and subsequent depositions made at incrementally increased deposition temperatures until the desired elevated temperature stability is achieved. Nanostructure templates include three dimensional (3D) polymeric templates having features on the order of 100 nm fabricated by proximity field nanopatterning (PnP) methods.
Grubbs, Robert K. (Albuquerque, NM); Bogart, Gregory R. (Corrales, NM); Rogers, John A. (Champaign, IL)
Lognormal Size Distribution Theory for Deposition of Polydisperse Aerosol Particles
The moments method of the lognormal size distribution theory was applied to the deposition equation of a radioactive aerosol within a liquid-metal fast breeder reactor for analysis of postulated accidents. The deposition coefficient of Crump and Seinfeld was utilized to represent the Brownian and turbulent diffusions and the gravitational sedimentation. The deposition equation was converted into a set of three ordinary differential equations. This approach takes the view point that the size distribution of an aerosol is represented by a time-dependent lognormal size distribution function during the deposition process. Numerical calculations have been performed, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the exact solution. The derived model for aerosol deposition is convenient to use in a numerical general dynamic equation solution routine based on the moments method, where nucleation, condensation, coagulation, and deposition need to be solved simultaneously.
Park, S.H.; Lee, K.W. [Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of)
Deposition method for producing silicon carbide high-temperature semiconductors
An improved deposition method for producing silicon carbide high-temperature semiconductor material comprising placing a semiconductor substrate composed of silicon carbide in a fluidized bed silicon carbide deposition reactor, fluidizing the bed particles by hydrogen gas in a mildly bubbling mode through a gas distributor and heating the substrate at temperatures around 1200.degree.-1500.degree. C. thereby depositing a layer of silicon carbide on the semiconductor substrate.
Hsu, George C. (La Crescenta, CA); Rohatgi, Naresh K. (W. Corine, CA)
aerosol dry deposition: Topics by E-print Network
43 Drying and deposition of poly(ethylene oxide) droplets determined by Pclet number Condensed Matter (arXiv) Summary: We report results of a detailed experimental...
atmospheric dry deposition: Topics by E-print Network
water vapor, and we confirm such predictions in a numerical model. There have been a number 38 Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source...
ash formation deposition: Topics by E-print Network
deep-water depositional systems : the upper Miocene Upper Mount messenger formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand and Pliocene Repetto and Pico formations, Ventura Basin,...
advanced deposition processes: Topics by E-print Network
ash deposit formation: Topics by E-print Network
Deposition of dopant impurities and pulsed energy drive-in
A semiconductor doping process which enhances the dopant incorporation achievable using the Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) technique. The enhanced doping is achieved by first depositing a thin layer of dopant atoms on a semiconductor surface followed by exposure to one or more pulses from either a laser or an ion-beam which melt a portion of the semiconductor to a desired depth, thus causing the dopant atoms to be incorporated into the molten region. After the molten region recrystallizes the dopant atoms are electrically active. The dopant atoms are deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or other known deposition techniques.
Wickboldt, Paul (Walnut Creek, CA); Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Smith, Patrick M. (San Jose, CA); Ellingboe, Albert R. (Malahide, IE)
Wickboldt, Paul (Walnut Creek, CA); Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Smith, Patrick M. (San Ramon, CA); Ellingboe, Albert R. (Fremont, CA)
Electroless deposition of electrodes in solid-oxide fuel cells
This study demonstrates the use of electroless deposition for depositing anode and cathode electrocatalysts in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Ni, Pd, and Ag films produced by electroless deposition techniques were in intimate contact with the electrolyte yttria-stabilized zirconia, and were found to catalyze SOFC anodic and cathodic reactions. Power densities of such cells were in the range of 0.33 W/cm[sup 2] at 800 C. The operating life is low due to agglomeration of the anode and densification of the cathode. For intermediate temperature/range SOFCs electroless deposition is an alternative technique for electrode preparation, if long-term stability can be attained.
Murphy, M.M.; Van Herle, J.; McEvoy, A.J.; Thampi, K.R. (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland). Inst. de Chimie Physique)
Surface Plasmon Mediated Chemical Solution Deposition of Gold...
chemical deposition by using localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation. A molecular thermometry strategy was employed to investigate the SPR-mediated photothermal...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospherically deposited radionuclides...
7 Be in rainwater. Atmospheric inputs of the radionuclides to Cumbria (UK) were recorded. Rainwater... ; lakes; radionuclide; deposition; history; modelling. Reference ... Source:...
A semiconductor doping process which enhances the dopant incorporation achievable using the Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) technique is disclosed. The enhanced doping is achieved by first depositing a thin layer of dopant atoms on a semiconductor surface followed by exposure to one or more pulses from either a laser or an ion-beam which melt a portion of the semiconductor to a desired depth, thus causing the dopant atoms to be incorporated into the molten region. After the molten region recrystallizes the dopant atoms are electrically active. The dopant atoms are deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or other known deposition techniques. 2 figs.
Wickboldt, P.; Carey, P.G.; Smith, P.M.; Ellingboe, A.R.
CFD Analysis of Particle Deposition During DPF Filtration Processes...
Processes CFD Analysis of Particle Deposition During DPF Filtration Processes A 3-D DPF model is developed to predict thermo-physical properties during filtration processes and to...
arc deposition system: Topics by E-print Network
preserve sufficient shielding that the peak power deposition everywhere in the superconduct- ing magnets requires an array of cryogenically cooled superconducting (SC) coils...
al films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
sputtering. Highly oriented, crack-free, stoichiometric polycrystalline rutile TiO2 thin film; RF magnetron sputtering; Phase transition; Deposition parameter effects 1....
alloy films deposited: Topics by E-print Network
memory alloy Elastic modulus Wrinkling Thermoelastic strain in a polycrystalline Fe-Pd thin film 50 High-resolution photometric optical monitoring for thin-film deposition...
assessing deposition levels: Topics by E-print Network
and testicular steroidogenesis Dolores J. Lamb; George M. Stancel 70 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
atmospheric deposition operational: Topics by E-print Network
WSON fraction because, despite... Bentez, Juan Manuel Gonzlez 2010-01-01 123 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
alluvial deposits: Topics by E-print Network
facies changes that result (more) Turner, Alexandre Marcel 2014-01-01 68 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
adriatic sea deposition: Topics by E-print Network
has decreased by the increase in temperature. Ardakanian, Reza 2013-01-01 152 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
alluvial deposits erzurum: Topics by E-print Network
Loan/deposit links at rural Texas banks
: Agricultural Economics LOAN/DEPOSIT LINKS AT RURAL TEXAS RANKS A Thesis by VERA SURTON PODOLECKI Approved as to style and content by: fCha' an of Comm' ee) . '/ (Head' of Dep rtment) (Member ) (Membe May 1977 441'726 ABSTRACT Loan/Deposit Links... in agri- cultural lending on deposit level which in turn influences bank pro- fitability. This paper is directed towards providing the rural banker with tangible evidence of the effect of lending on deposit levels over time, and providing a...
Podolecki, Vera Burton
Method and apparatus for electrospark deposition
A method and apparatus for controlling electrospark deposition (ESD) comprises using electrical variable waveforms from the ESD process as a feedback parameter. The method comprises measuring a plurality of peak amplitudes from a series of electrical energy pulses delivered to an electrode tip. The maximum peak value from among the plurality of peak amplitudes correlates to the contact force between the electrode tip and a workpiece. The method further comprises comparing the maximum peak value to a set point to determine an offset and optimizing the contact force according to the value of the offset. The apparatus comprises an electrode tip connected to an electrical energy wave generator and an electrical signal sensor, which connects to a high-speed data acquisition card. An actuator provides relative motion between the electrode tip and a workpiece by receiving a feedback drive signal from a processor that is operably connected to the actuator and the high-speed data acquisition card.
Bailey, Jeffrey A.; Johnson, Roger N.; Park, Walter R.; Munley, John T.
Electro-deposition of superconductor oxide films
Methods for preparing high quality superconducting oxide precursors which are well suited for further oxidation and annealing to form superconducting oxide films. The method comprises forming a multilayered superconducting precursor on a substrate by providing an electrodeposition bath comprising an electrolyte medium and a substrate electrode, and providing to the bath a plurality of precursor metal salts which are capable of exhibiting superconducting properties upon subsequent treatment. The superconducting precursor is then formed by electrodepositing a first electrodeposited (ED) layer onto the substrate electrode, followed by depositing a layer of silver onto the first electrodeposited (ED) layer, and then electrodepositing a second electrodeposited (ED) layer onto the Ag layer. The multilayered superconducting precursor is suitable for oxidation at a sufficient annealing temperature in air or an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form a crystalline superconducting oxide film.
Bhattacharya, Raghu N. (Littleton, CO)
Fabrication of nanostructure by physical vapor deposition with glancing angle deposition technique and its applications
A nanostructural thin film is one of the highly exploiting research areas particularly in applications in sensor, photocatalytic, and solar-cell technologies. In the past two decades, the integration of glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) technique to physical vapor deposition (PVD) process has gained significant attention for well-controlled multidimensional nanomorphologies because of fast, simple, cost-effective, and mass-production capability. The performance and functional properties of the coated thin films generally depend upon their nanostructural compositions, i.e., large aspect ratio, controllable porosity, and shape. Such structural platforms make the fabricated thin films very practical for several realistic applications. We therefore present morphological and nanostructural properties of various deposited materials, which included metals, i.e., silver (Ag), and oxide compounds, i.e., tungsten oxide (WO{sub 3}), titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}), and indium tin oxide (ITO). Different PVD techniques based on DC magnetron sputtering and electron-beam evaporation, both with the integrated GLAD component, were discussed. We further explore engineered nanostructures which enable controls of optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. These improvements led to several practical applications in surface-enhanced Raman, smart windows, gas sensors, self-cleaning materials and transparent conductive oxides (TCO)
Horprathum, M., E-mail: email@example.com; Eiamchai, P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Patthanasettakul, V.; Limwichean, S.; Nuntawong, N.; Chindaudom, P. [Optical Thin-Film Laboratory National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathumthani, 12120 (Thailand); Kaewkhao, J. [Center of Excellence in Glass Technology and Materials Science (CEGM), Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000 (Thailand); Chananonnawathorn, C. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121 (Thailand)
As-deposited low-strain LPCVD (low-pressure, chemical-vapor-deposition) polysilicon
As-deposited polysilicon films with very low residual strain (lower than 5 x 10/sup -5/) are obtained by a low-pressure, chemical-vapor-deposition (LPCVD) process. Straight polysilicon bridges 300 ..mu..m long, 1.2 ..mu..m thick, and 2 to 20 ..mu..m wide, made using this process. No buckling has been observed in any of the nearly one thousand bridges of this type made in two separate process runs. In addition, no problems of sticking between the bridges and the substrate were encountered with these structures. The polysilicon films from which the beams were fabricated were deposited by pyrolyzing silane at 605/degree/C on a phosphosilicate-glass (PSG) layer (8 wt % P). The PSG layer serves as a sacrificial layer to be subsequently etched away to free the bridge. Our research is aimed at obtaining an understanding of these relationships through consideration of the role of interfacial stresses and the kinetics of initial crystalline nucleation. The technique for producing these low-strain films is significant, however, because no high-temperature annealing steps are required to produce them. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Fan, L.S.; Muller, R.S.
Chapter 6.24 Picosun Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
by the ALD could be used for diffusion barriers and similar applications. 2.0 Materials Controls: Source/s used in the ALD machine contains the desired metal for deposition. This metal is bonded)3 is precursors used to deposit aluminum oxide. 4.5.2 TTIP: Titanium Tetrakis Isopropoxide, which supplies Ti
Healy, Kevin Edward
Gas Phase Electrodeposition: A Programmable Multimaterial Deposition Method for
plasma induced synthesis,11 and arc discharge12,13 can produce nanoparticles and nanow- ires of various-phase deposition process produces charged tungsten, and platinum and uses externally electrodeposition, arc discharge, atmospheric pressure gas phase deposition, nanoparticle nanostructured electrodes
Jacobs, Heiko O.
Sputter deposition for multi-component thin films
Ion beam sputter-induced deposition using a single ion beam and a multicomponent target is capable of reproducibly producing thin films of arbitrary composition, including those which are close to stoichiometry. Using a quartz crystal deposition monitor and a computer controlled, well-focused ion beam, this sputter-deposition approach is capable of producing metal oxide superconductors and semiconductors of the superlattice type such as GaAs-AlGaAs as well as layered metal/oxide/semiconductor/superconductor structures. By programming the dwell time for each target according to the known sputtering yield and desired layer thickness for each material, it is possible to deposit composite films from a well-controlled sub-monolayer up to thicknesses determined only by the available deposition time. In one embodiment, an ion beam is sequentially directed via a set of X-Y electrostatic deflection plates onto three or more different element or compound targets which are constituents of the desired film. In another embodiment, the ion beam is directed through an aperture in the deposition plate and is displaced under computer control to provide a high degree of control over the deposited layer. In yet another embodiment, a single fixed ion beam is directed onto a plurality of sputter targets in a sequential manner where the targets are each moved in alignment with the beam under computer control in forming a multilayer thin film. This controlled sputter-deposition approach may also be used with laser and electron beams.
Krauss, Alan R. (Plainfield, IL); Auciello, Orlando (Cary, NC)
Ion beam sputter-induced deposition using a single ion beam and a multicomponent target is capable of reproducibly producing thin films of arbitrary composition, including those which are close to stoichiometry. Using a quartz crystal deposition monitor and a computer controlled, well-focused ion beam, this sputter-deposition approach is capable of producing metal oxide superconductors and semiconductors of the superlattice type such as GaAs-AlGaAs as well as layered metal/oxide/semiconductor/superconductor structures. By programming the dwell time for each target according to the known sputtering yield and desired layer thickness for each material, it is possible to deposit composite films from a well-controlled sub-monolayer up to thicknesses determined only by the available deposition time. In one embodiment, an ion beam is sequentially directed via a set of X-Y electrostatic deflection plates onto three or more different element or compound targets which are constituents of the desired film. In another embodiment, the ion beam is directed through an aperture in the deposition plate and is displaced under computer control to provide a high degree of control over the deposited layer. In yet another embodiment, a single fixed ion beam is directed onto a plurality of sputter targets in a sequential manner where the targets are each moved in alignment with the beam under computer control in forming a multilayer thin film. This controlled sputter-deposition approach may also be used with laser and electron beams. 10 figs.
Krauss, A.R.; Auciello, O.
QuestionQuestion How does nitrogen deposition affect roadside
al. 2004. Concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at roadside verges, and their contributionQuestionQuestion How does nitrogen deposition affect roadside plant community composition? 1. Is there a gradient of nitrogen deposition to freeway verges from traffic exhaust? 2. Are there other sources of N
Hall, Sharon J.
Tropospheric Reactive Nitrogen Speciation, Deposition, and Chemistry at Harvard Forest
and absolute contributions of nitric acid (HNO3) and NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) to totalTropospheric Reactive Nitrogen Speciation, Deposition, and Chemistry at Harvard Forest A thesis. Steven C. Wofsy Cassandra Volpe Horii Tropospheric Reactive Nitrogen Speciation, Deposition
Electroplating method for producing ultralow-mass fissionable deposits
A method for producing ultralow-mass fissionable deposits for nuclear reactor dosimetry is described, including the steps of holding a radioactive parent until the radioactive parent reaches secular equilibrium with a daughter isotope, chemically separating the daughter from the parent, electroplating the daughter on a suitable substrate, and holding the electroplated daughter until the daughter decays to the fissionable deposit.
Ruddy, Francis H. (Monroeville, PA)
Correlation between homogeneous propane pyrolysis and pyrocarbon deposition
of the Electrochemical Society. Suggested section. Electrochemical/Chemical Deposition and Etching to whom of the Electrochemical Society 148 (2001) C695-C708" DOI : 10.1149/1.1402981 #12;Abstract. Pyrocarbon deposition through, with markedly different material properties, so the problem of interest is to be able to monitor experimental
Subaqueous Explosive Eruption and Welding of Pyroclastic Deposits
Subaqueous Explosive Eruption and Welding of Pyroclastic Deposits Peter Kokelaar and Cathy Busby fabrics indicative of welding of glass shards and pumice at temperatures >500"C. The occurrence emplacement temperature in pyroclas- tic deposits is welding. Welding is hot-state viscous deformation
Busby, Cathy
INTRODUCTION The massive sulfide deposits of southern Spain
INTRODUCTION The massive sulfide deposits of southern Spain and Portugal were formed about 300 Ma). Spain became a Roman province, and mining of the rich deposits of the Iberian pyrite belt for copper, California 94025 A. Palanques Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, 08039 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT A metal
van Geen, Alexander
) provides a summary of major scientific reports on air pollution and public health. The reports includeAIR-DEPOSITED POLLUTION IN THE ANACOSTIA RIVER WATERSHED Annual Progress Report for FY 2005 through the US Department of Interior #12;PROGRESS REPORT: AIR-DEPOSITED POLLUTION IN THE ANACOSTIA RIVER
District of Columbia, University of the
Hydrothermal Activity and Travertine Deposits in Valles Caldera Paul Withers
Hydrothermal Activity and Travertine Deposits in Valles Caldera Paul Withers Valles Caldera for the Valles Caldera hydrothermal system [fig]. Some fluids escape in acid springs and mud pits (Sulphur mineral deposits as they cool, specifically travertine. Travertine is a freshwater, calcium carbonate
Withers, Paul
Wax Deposition and Aging in Flowlines from Irreversible Thermodynamics
, 2007. ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed April 4, 2008 The development of waxy crude oil and some gas of the wax deposit. However, most of these models assume that the wax-oil (gel) deposit has a constant wax and the composition of the gel layer as a function of position and time. The wax-oil gel region is considered
Firoozabadi, Abbas
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al
Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al Qin Han,1 J. Keith Moore,1; accepted 7 December 2007; published 12 April 2008. [1] We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al (DEAD) model to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains all available
Zender, Charles
Plasma-Therm Workshop: Fundamentals of Plasma Processing (Etching & Deposition)
The workshop will focus on the fundamentals of plasma etching and deposition. Lectures will includePlasma-Therm Workshop: Fundamentals of Plasma Processing (Etching & Deposition) Nanofabrication an introduction to vacuum technology, the basics of plasma and plasma reactors and an overview of mechanisms
Martin, Jan M.L.
Sulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols
aerosols can potentially result in an increase in acid deposition. [4] Acid rain has been studiedSulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols Ben Kravitz,1 Alan limit of hydration of all sulfate aerosols into sulfuric acid. For annual injection of 5 Tg of SO2
Robock, Alan
Characteristics of the samples in the FNG fission deposit collection
Information concerning the samples in the Fast Neutron Generator (FNG) Group's fission deposit collection has been assembled. This includes the physical dimensions, isotopic analyses, half-lives, alpha emission rates specific activities and deposit weights. 10 refs., 9 figs., 5 tabs.
Meadows, J.W.
A Geostatistical Study of the Uranium Deposit at Kvanefjeld,
with the geology. It is also shown that, although anisotropy exists, the uranium variation has a secondRisa-R-468 A Geostatistical Study of the Uranium Deposit at Kvanefjeld, The Ilimaussaq Intrusion A GEOSTATISTICAL STUDY OF THE URANIUM DEPOSIT AT KVANEFJELD, THE ILIMAUSSAQ INTRUSION, SOUTH GREENLAND Flemming
Method of and apparatus for determining deposition-point temperature
Acoustic-wave sensor apparatus and method for analyzing a normally liquid petroleum-based composition for monitoring deposition-point temperature. The apparatus includes at least one acoustic-wave device such as SAW, QCM, FPM, TSM or APM type devices in contact with the petroleum-based composition for sensing or detecting the surface temperature at which deposition occurs and/or rate of deposition as a function of temperature by sensing an accompanying change in frequency, phase shift, damping voltage or damping current of an electrical oscillator to a known calibrated condition. The acoustic wave device is actively cooled to monitor the deposition of constituents such as paraffins by determining the point at which solids from the liquid composition begin to form on the acoustic wave device. The acoustic wave device can be heated to melt or boil off the deposits to reset the monitor and the process can be repeated.
Mansure, Arthur J. (Albuquerque, NM); Spates, James J. (Albuquerque, NM); Martin, Stephen J. (Albuquerque, NM)
Acoustic-wave sensor apparatus and method are disclosed for analyzing a normally liquid petroleum-based composition for monitoring deposition-point temperature. The apparatus includes at least one acoustic-wave device such as SAW, QCM, FPM, TSM or APM type devices in contact with the petroleum-based composition for sensing or detecting the surface temperature at which deposition occurs and/or rate of deposition as a function of temperature by sensing an accompanying change in frequency, phase shift, damping voltage or damping current of an electrical oscillator to a known calibrated condition. The acoustic wave device is actively cooled to monitor the deposition of constituents such as paraffins by determining the point at which solids from the liquid composition begin to form on the acoustic wave device. The acoustic wave device can be heated to melt or boil off the deposits to reset the monitor and the process can be repeated. 5 figs.
Mansure, A.J.; Spates, J.J.; Martin, S.J.
The accumulation of slagging and fouling ash deposits in utility boilers has been a source of aggravation for coal-fired boiler operators for over a century. Many new developments in analytical, modeling, and combustion testing methods in the past 20 years have made it possible to identify root causes of ash deposition. A concise and comprehensive guidelines document has been assembled for solving ash deposition as related to coal-fired utility boilers. While this report accurately captures the current state of knowledge in ash deposition, note that substantial research and development is under way to more completely understand and mitigate slagging and fouling. Thus, while comprehensive, this document carries the title ''interim,'' with the idea that future work will provide additional insight. Primary target audiences include utility operators and engineers who face plant inefficiencies and significant operational and maintenance costs that are associated with ash deposition problems. Pulverized and cyclone-fired coal boilers are addressed specifically, although many of the diagnostics and solutions apply to other boiler types. Logic diagrams, ash deposit types, and boiler symptoms of ash deposition are used to aid the user in identifying an ash deposition problem, diagnosing and verifying root causes, determining remedial measures to alleviate or eliminate the problem, and then monitoring the situation to verify that the problem has been solved. In addition to a step-by-step method for identifying and remediating ash deposition problems, this guideline document (Appendix A) provides descriptions of analytical techniques for diagnostic testing and gives extensive fundamental and practical literature references and addresses of organizations that can provide help in alleviating ash deposition problems.
Christopher J. Zygarlicke; Donald P. McCollor; Steven A. Benson; Jay R. Gunderson
In this study, organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environ-ment of the Tertiary-aged oil shale deposits in Northwest Anatolia have been examined. Oil shales in all the studied areas are typically characterized by high hydrogen index and low oxygen index values. Beypazar?
R. Kara G�lbay; S. Korkmaz
E-Print Network 3.0 - activation supports late Sample Search...
? Other Units Calcite veins (late Miocene) MIOCENE... INTRUSIONS Colluvial deposits Mine waste (recent) QUATERNARY DEPOSITS Tephra (late Miocene) Siltstone ... Source: Faulds,...
In situ analysis of ash deposits from black liquor combustion
Aerosols formed during combustion of black liquor cause a significant fire-side fouling problem in pulp mill recovery boilers. The ash deposits reduce heat transfer effectiveness, plug gas passages, and contribute to corrosion. Both vapors and condensation aerosols lead to the formation of such deposits. The high ash content of the fuel and the low dew point of the condensate salts lead to a high aerosol and vapor concentration in most boilers. In situ measurements of the chemical composition of these deposits is an important step in gaining a fundamental understanding of the deposition process. Infrared emission spectroscopy is used to characterize the composition of thin film deposits resulting from the combustion of black liquor and the deposition of submicron aerosols and vapors. New reference spectra of Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, K{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} and K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} pure component films were recorded and compared with the spectra of the black liquor deposit. All of the black liquor emission bands were identified using a combination of literature data and ab initio calculations. Ab initio calculations also predict the locations and intensities of bands for the alkali vapors of interest. 39 refs., 9 figs.
Bernath, P. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States). Combustion Research Facility]|[Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Sinquefield, S.A. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States). Combustion Research Facility]|[Oregon State Univ., Eugene, OR (United States); Baxter, L.L.; Sclippa, G.; Rohlfing, C. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States). Combustion Research Facility; Barfield, M. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States). Combustion Research Facility]|[Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
QuaternaryInternational, Vol.10--12,pp. 107-122,1991. 1040--6182191$0.00 + .50 Printedin Great Britain. Allrightsreserved. 1992INQUA/PergamonPressLtd
thermoluminescence (TL), U-Th methods and correlation with the deep sea record. Amino-acid parameters are used and correlation, such as thermoluminescence dating, amino-acid analyses and micropaleontological work on marine deposits, dated with varying degrees of certainty to isotope stage 5 (130-74 ka) are exposed in coastal
Quaternary Germanides Formed in Molten Aluminum: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 and Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1.34)
Quaternary Germanides Formed in Molten Aluminum: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 and Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1 gebildete quaternäre Germanide: Tb2NiAl4Ge2 und Ce2NiAl6-xGe4-y (x 0.24, y 1.34) Inhaltsübersicht. Die ebenfalls die Introduction The use of metal fluxes in exploratory synthesis presents significant synthetic
Trikalitis, Pantelis N.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FERRITIC G.M.A. WELD DEPOSITS IN 9percentNi STEEL FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS
level of residual stress in the deposit. Grain refinement ofthe deposit also contains the products of residual ele- mentweld deposit. Suppression of deleterious residual element
Mahin, Kim Walker
Chemical vapor deposition thin films as biopassivation coatings and directly patternable dielectrics
Organosilicon thin films deposited by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PPECVD) and hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) were investigated as potential biopassivation coatings for neural probes. ...
Pryce Lewis, Hilton G. (Hilton Gavin), 1973-
STRUCTURAL CONTROL AND ANISOTROPY OF MINERALIZATION WITHIN THE CHUQUICAMATA PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT CONTROL AND ANISOTROPY OF MINERALIZATION WITHIN THE CHUQUICAMATA PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT, NORTHERN CHILE the Chuquicamata Porphyry Copper Deposit, northern Chile DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: Department of Earth Sciences DEGREE
Beaumont, Christopher
Initiated chemical vapor deposition of polymeric thin films : mechanism and applications
Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a novel technique for depositing polymeric thin films. It is able to deposit thin films of application-specific polymers in one step without using any solvents. Its uniqueness ...
Chan, Kelvin, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Method for depositing high-quality microcrystalline semiconductor materials
A process for the plasma deposition of a layer of a microcrystalline semiconductor material is carried out by energizing a process gas which includes a precursor of the semiconductor material and a diluent with electromagnetic energy so as to create a plasma therefrom. The plasma deposits a layer of the microcrystalline semiconductor material onto the substrate. The concentration of the diluent in the process gas is varied as a function of the thickness of the layer of microcrystalline semiconductor material which has been deposited. Also disclosed is the use of the process for the preparation of an N-I-P type photovoltaic device.
Guha, Subhendu (Bloomfield Hills, MI); Yang, Chi C. (Troy, MI); Yan, Baojie (Rochester Hills, MI)
Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing...
Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism. Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield...
Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition with Self-Aligned Nanorod Structure...
Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition with Self-Aligned Nanorod Structure. Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition with Self-Aligned Nanorod Structure. Abstract: Suppressing lithium (Li)...
E-Print Network 3.0 - analysis atmospheric deposition Sample...
3 Chapter 2: Sources and Deposition of Trace Metals 2.1 Main Sources of Atmospheric Pollution...7 Summary: and dry deposition analysis...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric deposition flux Sample Search...
sewer systems, atmospheric deposition... samples of both dry atmospheric deposits and rainwater. All sampling devices comply with requirements... campaigns have been carried at...
E-Print Network 3.0 - arc deposition technology Sample Search...
role in the Summary: deposition 2 and filtered cathodic vacuum arc 3.such as optical window coatings, scratch resistive... by different types of vapor deposition...
The Time of Sands: Quartz-rich Sand Deposits as a Renewable Resource
sand production is from unconsolidated units, but the St.and Midwestern U.S. , unconsolidated sand deposits aresand is produced from unconsolidated deposits or hard,
Shaffer, Nelson R.
E-Print Network 3.0 - adjusted deposit insurance Sample Search...
such as checking, savings, trust and money market deposit accounts, as well... as certificates of deposit (CDs) and IRAs. Bank accounts generally are insured by the FDIC up...
Geology of the Florida Canyon gold deposit, Pershing County,...
Nevada Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Report: Geology of the Florida Canyon gold deposit, Pershing County, Nevada, in: Gold and Silver...
Modeling the dynamics and depositional patterns of sandy rivers
This thesis seeks to advance our understanding of the dynamic nature, spatial organization and depositional record of topography in sand-bedded rivers. I examine patterns and processes over a wide range of scales, on Earth ...
Jerolmack, Douglas J
Growth, microstructure and electrical properties of sputter-deposited...
Growth, microstructure and electrical properties of sputter-deposited hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films grown using HfO2 ceramic Growth, microstructure and electrical properties of...
surfaces by functionalization through two methods: (i) electroless method of creating a porous Nickel 50-80 nm thin nickel film can be obtained by electroless deposition on the pary
Demirel, Melik C.
Chapter 8: Modelling Sediment Records of Atmospherically Deposited Contaminants
73 Chapter 8: Modelling Sediment Records of Atmospherically Deposited Contaminants 8.1. Catchment the Water Column...............................................79 8.3 Water Column to Bottom Sediment Transfer......................................80 #12;Chapter 8: Modelling Sediment Records... 74 8
Short, Daniel
Sediment distribution and depositional processes on the Carnegie Ridge
Sediment sampling, bathymetric data, and seismic reflection profiling were used to classify sediment deposition patterns on the Carnegie Ridge. Core sampling was used to relate compositional characteristics between equivalent areas, and seismic...
Pazmino Manrique, Nelson Andres
High density Ru nanocrystal deposition for nonvolatile memory applications
High density Ru nanocrystal deposition for nonvolatile memory applications Damon B. Farmer School density optimizes the charge storing capability of the floating layer, while a high degree of size
Initiated chemical vapor deposition of functional polyacrylic thin films
Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was explored as a novel method for synthesis of functional polyacrylic thin films. The process introduces a peroxide initiator, which can be decomposed at low temperatures (<200?C) ...
Mao, Yu, 1975-
Fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell by electrochemical vapor deposition
In a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the deposition of an impervious high density thin layer of electrically conductive interconnector material, such as magnesium doped lanthanum chromite, and of an electrolyte material, such as yttria stabilized zirconia, onto a porous support/air electrode substrate surface is carried out at high temperatures (/approximately/1100/degree/ /minus/ 1300/degree/C) by a process of electrochemical vapor deposition. In this process, the mixed chlorides of the specific metals involved react in the gaseous state with water vapor resulting in the deposit of an impervious thin oxide layer on the support tube/air electrode substrate of between 20--50 microns in thickness. An internal heater, such as a heat pipe, is placed within the support tube/air electrode substrate and induces a uniform temperature profile therein so as to afford precise and uniform oxide deposition kinetics in an arrangement which is particularly adapted for large scale, commercial fabrication of SOFCs.
Riley, B.; Szreders, B.E.
Electrostatic particle trap for ion beam sputter deposition
A method and apparatus for the interception and trapping of or reflection of charged particulate matter generated in ion beam sputter deposition. The apparatus involves an electrostatic particle trap which generates electrostatic fields in the vicinity of the substrate on which target material is being deposited. The electrostatic particle trap consists of an array of electrode surfaces, each maintained at an electrostatic potential, and with their surfaces parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The method involves interception and trapping of or reflection of charged particles achieved by generating electrostatic fields in the vicinity of the substrate, and configuring the fields to force the charged particulate material away from the substrate. The electrostatic charged particle trap enables prevention of charged particles from being deposited on the substrate thereby enabling the deposition of extremely low defect density films, such as required for reflective masks of an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) system.
Vernon, Stephen P. (Pleasanton, CA); Burkhart, Scott C. (Livermore, CA)
Electrochemical deposition of small molecules for electronic materials�
The method of the deposition of films of small molecules for use in electronic applications is just as important as the molecule design itself as the film�s morphology and continuity influence the performance of the ...
Allwright, Emily Marieke
Enabling integration of vapor-deposited polymer thin films
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) is a versatile, one-step process for synthesizing conformal and functional polymer thin films on a variety of substrates. This thesis emphasizes the development of tools to further ...
Petruczok, Christy D. (Christy Danielle)
Direct Deposit When Message Passing meets Shared Thomas M. Stricker
Direct Deposit When Message Passing meets Shared Memory Thomas M. Stricker May 19, 2000 CMU-CS-96 Copyright c by Thomas M. Stricker Supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Direct Deposit --When Message Passing meets Shared Thomas M. Stricker
Direct Deposit -- When Message Passing meets Shared Memory Thomas M. Stricker May 19, 2000 CMU Copyright c flby Thomas M. Stricker Supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Enhancement of fine particle deposition to permeable sediments
Predictions of deposition rate are integral to the transport of many constituents including contaminants, organic matter, and larvae. Review of the literature demonstrates a general appreciation for the potential control ...
Fries, Jerry Stephen, 1972-
acid deposition assessment: Topics by E-print Network
440-200 mesh sand enclosed in pipe 2... Hasan, Syed Mir Ahmed 1964-01-01 92 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
aortic calcific deposits: Topics by E-print Network
440-200 mesh sand enclosed in pipe 2... Hasan, Syed Mir Ahmed 1964-01-01 144 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
airflow gas deposition: Topics by E-print Network
also to many other fossil groups... Fischer, A. G.; Teichert, C. 1969-01-30 150 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
ag vein deposit: Topics by E-print Network
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 181 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
algal wrack deposits: Topics by E-print Network
440-200 mesh sand enclosed in pipe 2... Hasan, Syed Mir Ahmed 1964-01-01 107 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
acute soil depositions: Topics by E-print Network
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 101 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
atmosfaerisk deposition driftsrapport: Topics by E-print Network
440-200 mesh sand enclosed in pipe 2... Hasan, Syed Mir Ahmed 1964-01-01 22 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
Quantifying channelized submarine depositional systems from bed to basin scale
The challenges of directly observing active turbidity currents necessitates the consideration of preserved deposits for deciphering the behavior of these systems. In this thesis, I take advantage 3-D subsurface seismic ...
Lyons, William J., 1965-
Laser-Based Deposition Technique: Patterning Nanoparticles into Microstructures
Laser-Based Deposition Technique: Patterning Nanoparticles into Microstructures Edward M. Nadgorny Jaroslaw Drelich Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The laser- tions of unlike materials, and unconventional substrates. The technique makes use of laser
Drelich, Jaroslaw W.
In a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the deposition of an impervious high density thin layer of electrically conductive interconnector material, such as magnesium doped lanthanum chromite, and of an electrolyte material, such as yttria stabilized zirconia, onto a porous support/air electrode substrate surface is carried out at high temperatures (approximately 1100.degree.-1300.degree. C.) by a process of electrochemical vapor deposition. In this process, the mixed chlorides of the specific metals involved react in the gaseous state with water vapor resulting in the deposit of an impervious thin oxide layer on the support tube/air electrode substrate of between 20-50 microns in thickness. An internal heater, such as a heat pipe, is placed within the support tube/air electrode substrate and induces a uniform temperature profile therein so as to afford precise and uniform oxide deposition kinetics in an arrangement which is particularly adapted for large scale, commercial fabrication of SOFCs.
Brian, Riley (Willimantic, CT); Szreders, Bernard E. (Oakdale, CT)
Atmospheric Mercury Deposition during the Last 270 Years: A
Atmospheric Mercury Deposition during the Last 270 Years: A Glacial Ice Core Record of Natural, and U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin District Mercury Research Laboratory, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562 Mercury (Hg) contamination of aquatic ecosystems and subsequent methylmercury bioaccumulation
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Aerosol Transport and Deposition Mechanisms
In this work, various aerosol particle transport and deposition mechanisms were studied through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, including inertial impaction, gravitational effect, lift force, interception, and turbophoresis, within...
Tang, Yingjie
Travertine Deposits of Soda Dam, New Mexico, and Their Implications...
Travertine Deposits of Soda Dam, New Mexico, and Their Implications for the Age and Evolution of the Valles Caldera Hydrothermal System Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference...
Particle deposition in ventilation ducts: Connectors, bends anddeveloping flow
In ventilation duct flow the turbulent flow profile is commonly disturbed or not fully developed and these conditions are likely to influence particle deposition to duct surfaces. Particle deposition rates at eight S-connectors, in two 90{sup o} duct bends and in two ducts where the turbulent flow profile was not fully developed were measured in a laboratory duct system with both galvanized steel and internally insulated ducts with hydraulic diameters of 15.2 cm. In the steel duct system, experiments with nominal particle diameters of 1, 3, 5, 9 and 16 {micro}m were conducted at each of three nominal air speeds: 2.2, 5.3 and 9.0 m/s. In the insulated duct system, deposition of particles with nominal diameters of 1, 3, 5, 8 and 13 {micro}m was measured at nominal air speeds of 2.2, 5.3 and 8.8 m/s. Fluorescent techniques were used to directly measure the deposition velocities of monodisperse fluorescent particles to duct surfaces. Deposition at S-connectors, in bends and in straight ducts with developing turbulence was often greater than deposition in straight ducts with fully developed turbulence for equal particle sizes, air speeds and duct surface orientations. Deposition rates at all locations were found to increase with an increase in particle size or air speed. High deposition rates at S-connectors resulted from impaction and these rates were nearly independent of the orientation of the S-connector. Deposition rates in the two 90{sup o} bends differed by more than an order of magnitude in some cases, probably because of the difference in turbulence conditions at the bend inlets. In straight steel ducts where the turbulent flow profile was developing, the deposition enhancement relative to fully developed turbulence generally increased with air speed and decreased with downstream distance from the duct inlet. This enhancement was greater at the duct ceiling and wall than at the duct floor. In insulated ducts, deposition enhancement was less pronounced overall than in steel ducts. Trends that were observed in steel ducts were present, but weaker, in insulated ducts.
Sippola, Mark R.; Nazaroff, William W.
Dry deposition of gaseous elemental iodine on water
to receptor is essential in hazard evaluation. These processes include diffusion in the atmosphere and deposition on the earth's surface, followed by translocation through bioenvironmental pathways. All nuclear power plants sre constructed near a large... body of water used for cooling, and, at the present time, all nuclear plants release gaseous radioiodine. As a result, deposition of I2 on surface water is sn additional exposure pathway which must be considered when evaluating the hazard...
Allen, Michael Dana
Molybdenum enhanced low-temperature deposition of crystalline silicon nitride
A process for chemical vapor deposition of crystalline silicon nitride is described which comprises the steps of: introducing a mixture of a silicon source, a molybdenum source, a nitrogen source, and a hydrogen source into a vessel containing a suitable substrate; and thermally decomposing the mixture to deposit onto the substrate a coating comprising crystalline silicon nitride containing a dispersion of molybdenum silicide. 5 figures.
Lowden, R.A.
Functional Nano-Structures Using Atomic Layer Deposition
, in particular Suresh Mistry, Pete Bone, Owen Dunn, Ian Ganney, Sue Murkett, Sue Gymer and Tom Mitchell. Special thanks go to Tom for his extensive knowledge and for making the many hours spent in the cleanroom more enjoyable. I also wish to thank Prof. Sir Mark... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.3.1 Principles of electrochemical deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.3.2 Deposition of metals and metal oxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.4 Solar cell fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5.4.1 Dye...
Salg�rd Cunha, Pedro
Precursors for the polymer-assisted deposition of films
A polymer assisted deposition process for deposition of metal oxide films is presented. The process includes solutions of one or more metal precursor and soluble polymers having binding properties for the one or more metal precursor. After a coating operation, the resultant coating is heated at high temperatures to yield metal oxide films. Such films can be epitaxial in structure and can be of optical quality. The process can be organic solvent-free.
McCleskey, Thomas M.; Burrell, Anthony K.; Jia, Quanxi; Lin, Yuan
Visualizing Iron Deposition in Multiple Sclerosis Cadaver Brains
Aim: To visualize and validate iron deposition in two cases of multiple sclerosis using rapid scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (RS-XRF) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI). Material and Methods: Two (2) coronal cadaver brain slices from patients clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically SWI to image iron content. To confirm the presence of iron deposits and the absence of zinc-rich myelin in lesions, iron and zinc were mapped using RS-XRF. Results: MS lesions were visualized using FLAIR and correlated with the absence of zinc by XRF. XRF and SWI showed that in the first MS case, there were large iron deposits proximal to the draining vein of the caudate nucleus as well as iron deposits associated with blood vessels throughout the globus pallidus. Less iron was seen in association with lesions than in the basal ganglia. The presence of larger amounts of iron correlated reasonably well between RS-XRF and SWI. In the second case, the basal ganglia appeared normal and acute perivascular iron deposition was absent. Conclusion: Perivascular iron deposition is seen in some but not all MS cases, giving credence to the use of SWI to assess iron involvement in MS pathology in vivo.
Habib, Charbel A.; Zheng Weili; Mark Haacke, E. [Department Of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 (United States); Webb, Sam [Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford Linear Accelerator Complex National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California (United States); Nichol, Helen [Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd. Rm A302, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5 (Canada)
Natural mercury isotope variation in coal deposits and organic soils
There is a need to distinguish among sources of Hg to the atmosphere in order to more fully understand global Hg pollution. In this study we investigate whether coal deposits within the United States, China, and Russia-Kazakhstan, which are three of the five greatest coal-producing regions, have diagnostic Hg isotopic fingerprints that can be used to discriminate among Hg sources. We also investigate the Hg isotopic composition of modern organic soil horizons developed in areas distant from point sources of Hg in North America. Mercury stored in coal deposits displays a wide range of both mass dependent fractionation and mass independent fractionation. {delta}{sup 202}Hg varies in coals by 3{per_thousand} and {Delta}{sup 201}Hg varies by 0.9{per_thousand}. Combining these two Hg isotope signals results in what may be a unique isotopic 'fingerprint' for many coal deposits. Mass independent fractionation of mercury has been demonstrated to occur during photochemical reactions of mercury. This suggests that Hg found in most coal deposits was subjected to photochemical reduction near the Earth's surface prior to deposition. The similarity in MDF and MIF of modern organic soils and coals from North America suggests that Hg deposition from coal may have imprinted an isotopic signature on soils. This research offers a new tool for characterizing mercury inputs from natural and anthropogenic sources to the atmosphere and provides new insights into the geochemistry of mercury in coal and soils. 35 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Abir, Biswas; Joel D. Blum; Bridget A. Bergquist; Gerald J. Keeler; Zhouqing Xie [University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Department of Geological Sciences
Modeling atmospheric deposition using a stochastic transport model
An advanced stochastic transport model has been modified to include the removal mechanisms of dry and wet deposition. Time-dependent wind and turbulence fields are generated with a prognostic mesoscale numerical model and are used to advect and disperse individually released particles that are each assigned a mass. These particles are subjected to mass reduction in two ways depending on their physical location. Particles near the surface experience a decrease in mass using the concept of a dry deposition velocity, while the mass of particles located within areas of precipitation are depleted using a scavenging coefficient. Two levels of complexity are incorporated into the particle model. The simple case assumes constant values of dry deposition velocity and scavenging coefficient, while the more complex case varies the values according to meteorology, surface conditions, release material, and precipitation intensity. Instantaneous and cumulative dry and wet deposition are determined from the mass loss due to these physical mechanisms. A useful means of validating the model results is with data available from a recent accidental release of Cesium-137 from a steel-processing furnace in Algeciras, Spain in May, 1998. This paper describes the deposition modeling technique, as well as a comparison of simulated concentration and deposition with measurements taken for the Algeciras release.
Buckley, R.L.
Method and apparatus for removing and preventing window deposition during photochemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) processes
Unwanted build-up of the film deposited on the transparent light-transmitting window of a photochemical vacuum deposition (photo-CVD) chamber is eliminated by flowing an etchant into the part of the photolysis region in the chamber immediately adjacent the window and remote from the substrate and from the process gas inlet. The respective flows of the etchant and the process gas are balanced to confine the etchant reaction to the part of the photolysis region proximate to the window and remote from the substrate. The etchant is preferably one that etches film deposit on the window, does not etch or affect the window itself, and does not produce reaction by-products that are deleterious to either the desired film deposited on the substrate or to the photolysis reaction adjacent the substrate. 3 figs.
Tsuo, S.; Langford, A.A.
Unwanted build-up of the film deposited on the transparent light-transmitting window of a photochemical vacuum deposition (photo-CVD) chamber is eliminated by flowing an etchant into the part of the photolysis region in the chamber immediately adjacent the window and remote from the substrate and from the process gas inlet. The respective flows of the etchant and the process gas are balanced to confine the etchant reaction to the part of the photolysis region proximate to the window and remote from the substrate. The etchant is preferably one that etches film deposit on the window, does not etch or affect the window itself, and does not produce reaction by-products that are deleterious to either the desired film deposited on the substrate or to the photolysis reaction adjacent the substrate.
Tsuo, Simon (Lakewood, CO); Langford, Alison A. (Boulder, CO)
In-situ deposition of high-k dielectrics on III-V compound semiconductor in MOCVD system
In situ deposition of high-k materials to passivate the GaAs in metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system was well demonstrated. Both atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods ...
Cheng, Cheng-Wei, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Analysis of gallium arsenide deposition in a horizontal chemical vapor deposition reactor using massively parallel computations
A numerical analysis of the deposition of gallium from trimethylgallium (TMG) and arsine in a horizontal CVD reactor with tilted susceptor and a three inch diameter rotating substrate is performed. The three-dimensional model includes complete coupling between fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and species transport, and is solved using an unstructured finite element discretization on a massively parallel computer. The effects of three operating parameters (the disk rotation rate, inlet TMG fraction, and inlet velocity) and two design parameters (the tilt angle of the reactor base and the reactor width) on the growth rate and uniformity are presented. The nonlinear dependence of the growth rate uniformity on the key operating parameters is discussed in detail. Efficient and robust algorithms for massively parallel reacting flow simulations, as incorporated into our analysis code MPSalsa, make detailed analysis of this complicated system feasible.
Salinger, A.G.; Shadid, J.N.; Hutchinson, S.A. [and others
Understanding the deposition mechanism of pulsed laser deposited B-C films using dual-targets
Boron carbide thin films with stoichiometry (boron-carbon atomic ratio) range of 0.1???8.9 were fabricated via pulsed laser deposition by using boron-carbon dual-targets. However, this experimental data on stoichiometry were smaller than the computer simulation values. The discrepancy was investigated by studies on composition and microstructure of the thin films and targets by scanning electron microscopy, excitation laser Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that the boron liquid droplets were formed by phase explosion after laser irradiation on boron sector. Part of the boron droplets would be lost via ejection in the direction of laser beam, which is tilted 45� to the surface of substrate.
Zhang, Song [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070 (China); School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Louyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China); He, Zhiqiang; Wang, Chuanbin; Shen, Qiang; Zhang, Lianmeng [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070 (China); Ji, Xiaoli, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070 (China); Lu, Wenzhong [School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Louyu Road, Wuhan 430074 (China)
Ash Deposit Formation and Deposit Properties. A Comprehensive Summary of Research Conducted at Sandia's Combustion Research Facility
This report summarizes experimental and theoretical work performed at Sandia's Combustion Research Facility over the past eight years on the fate of inorganic material during coal combustion. This work has been done under four broad categories: coal characterization, fly ash formation, ash deposition, and deposit property development. The objective was to provide sufficient understanding of these four areas to be able to predict coal behavior in current and advanced conversion systems. This work has led to new characterization techniques for fuels that provide, for the first time, systematic and species specific information regarding the inorganic material. The transformations of inorganic material during combustion can be described in terms of the net effects of the transformations of these individual species. Deposit formation mechanisms provide a framework for predicting deposition rates for abroad range of particle sizes. Predictions based on these rates many times are quite accurate although there are important exceptions. A rigorous framework for evaluating deposit has been established. Substantial data have been obtained with which to exercise this framework, but this portion of the work is less mature than is any other. Accurate prediction of deposit properties as functions of fuel properties, boiler design, and boiler operating conditions represents the single most critical area where additional research is needed.
Larry L. Baxter
Photovoltaic cells fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of CdSe nanocrystals
Photovoltaic cells fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of CdSe nanocrystals Nathanael J. Smith Electrophoretic deposition was used to deposit CdSe nanocrystals on TiO2 for use in photovoltaic cells formed. A solar cell constructed using electrophoretic deposition exhibited a photovoltaic response from
Smith, Nathanael J.
Criticality safety concerns of uranium deposits in cascade equipment
The Paducah and Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plants enrich uranium in the {sup 235}U isotope by diffusing gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) through a porous barrier. The UF{sub 6} gaseous diffusion cascade utilized several thousand {open_quotes}stages{close_quotes} of barrier to produce highly enriched uranium (HEU). Historically, Portsmouth has enriched the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant`s product (typically 1.8 wt% {sup 235}U) as well as natural enrichment feed stock up to 97 wt%. Due to the chemical reactivity of UF{sub 6}, particularly with water, the formation of solid uranium deposits occur at a gaseous diffusion plant. Much of the equipment operates below atmospheric pressure, and deposits are formed when atmospheric air enters the cascade. Deposits may also be formed from UF{sub 6} reactions with oil, UF{sub 6} reactions with the metallic surfaces of equipment, and desublimation of UF{sub 6}. The major deposits form as a result of moist air in leakage due to failure of compressor casing flanges, blow-off plates, seals, expansion joint convolutions, and instrument lines. This report describes criticality concerns and deposit disposition.
Plaster, M.J. [Lockheed Martin Utility Services, Inc., Piketon, OH (United States)
Phenolic acids as bioindicators of fly ash deposit revegetation
The floristic composition, the abundance, and the cover of pioneer plant species of spontaneously formed plant communities and the content of total phenolics and phenolic acids, as humus constituents, of an ash deposit after 7 years of recultivation were studied. The restoration of both the soil and the vegetation on the ash deposits of the 'Nikola Tesla-A' thermoelectric power plant in Obrenovac (Serbia) is an extremely slow process. Unfavorable physical and chemical characteristics, the toxicity of fly ash, and extreme microclimatic conditions prevented the development of compact plant cover. The abundance and cover of plants increased from the central part of the deposit towards its edges. Festuca rubra L., Crepis setosa Hall., Erigeron canadensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., and Tamarix gallica L. were the most abundant species, thus giving the highest cover. Humus generated during the decomposition process of plant remains represents a completely new product absent in the ash as the starting material. The amount of total phenolics and phenolic acids in fly ash increased from the center of the deposit towards its edges in correlation with the increase in plant abundance and cover. The presence of phenolic acids indicates the ongoing process of humus formation in the ash, in which the most abundant pioneer plants of spontaneously formed plant communities play the main role. Phenolic compounds can serve as reliable bioindicators in an assessment of the success of the recultivation process of thermoelectric power plants' ash deposits.
L. Djurdjevic; M. Mitrovic; P. Pavlovic; G. Gajic; O. Kostic [Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic,' Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro). Department of Ecology
1988 Wet deposition temporal and spatial patterns in North America
The focus of this report is on North American wet deposition temporal patterns from 1979 to 1988 and spatial patterns for 1988. It is the third in a series of reports that investigate the patterns of annual precipitation-weighted average concentration and annual deposition for nine ion species: hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Mosaic maps, based on surface estimation using kriging, display concentration and deposition spatial patterns of pH, hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and calcium ion species for 1988 annual, winter, and summer periods. Temporal pattern analyses use a subset of 35 sites over a 10-year (1979--1988) period and an expanded subset of 137 sites, with greater spatial coverage, over a 7-year (1982--1988) period. The 10-year period represents the longest period with wet deposition monitoring data available that has a sufficient number of sites with data of known quality to allow a descriptive summary of annual temporal patterns. Sen's median trend estimate and Kendall's seasonal tau (KST) test are calculated for each ion species concentration and deposition at each site in both subsets.
Simpson, J.C.; Olsen, A.R.; Bittner, E.A.
The focus of this report is on North American wet deposition temporal patterns from 1979 to 1988 and spatial patterns for 1988. It is the third in a series of reports that investigate the patterns of annual precipitation-weighted average concentration and annual deposition for nine ion species: hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Mosaic maps, based on surface estimation using kriging, display concentration and deposition spatial patterns of pH, hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and calcium ion species for 1988 annual, winter, and summer periods. Temporal pattern analyses use a subset of 35 sites over a 10-year (1979--1988) period and an expanded subset of 137 sites, with greater spatial coverage, over a 7-year (1982--1988) period. The 10-year period represents the longest period with wet deposition monitoring data available that has a sufficient number of sites with data of known quality to allow a descriptive summary of annual temporal patterns. Sen`s median trend estimate and Kendall`s seasonal tau (KST) test are calculated for each ion species concentration and deposition at each site in both subsets.
Modeling of thermophoretic deposition of aerosols in nuclear reactor containments
Aerosol released in postulated or real nuclear reactor accidents can deposit on containment surfaces via motion induced by temperature gradients in addition to the motion due to diffusion and gravity. The deposition due to temperature gradients is known as thermophoretic deposition, and it is currently modeled in codes such as CONTAIN in direct analogy with heat transfer, but there have been questions about such analogies. This paper focuses on a numerical solution of the particle continuity equation in laminar flow condition characteristics of natural convection. First, the thermophoretic deposition rate is calculated as a function of the Prandtl and Schmidt numbers, the thermophoretic coefficient K, and the temperature difference between the atmosphere and the wall. Then, the cases of diffusion alone and a boundary-layer approximation (due to Batchelor and Shen) to the full continuity equation are considered. It is noted that an analogy with heat transfer does not hold, but for the circumstances considered in this paper, the deposition rates from the diffusion solution and the boundary-layer approximation can be added to provide reasonably good agreement (maximum deviation 30%) with the full solution of the particle continuity equation. Finally, correlations useful for implementation in the reactor source term codes are provided.
Fernandes, A.; Loyalka, S.K. [Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
EGR coolers are effective to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines due to lower intake charge temperature. EGR cooler fouling reduces heat transfer capacity of the cooler significantly and increases pressure drop across the cooler. Engine coolant provided at 40-90 C is used to cool EGR coolers. The presence of a cold surface in the cooler causes particulate soot deposition and hydrocarbon condensation. The experimental data also indicates that the fouling is mainly caused by soot and hydrocarbons. In this study, a 1-D model is extended to simulate particulate soot and hydrocarbon deposition on a concentric tube EGR cooler with a constant wall temperature. The soot deposition caused by thermophoresis phenomena is taken into account the model. Condensation of a wide range of hydrocarbon molecules are also modeled but the results show condensation of only heavy molecules at coolant temperature. Thermal properties of fouled layer are calculated based on mass fraction of deposited soot and hydrocarbons. The experiments with the same conditions ran to validate the model. Hot EGR gases flow through the inner pipe and the coolant circulates around it in the outer pipe to keep a constant wall temperature. Effectiveness, deposited soot mass, condensed hydrocarbon mass, and pressure drop across the cooler are the parameters that have been compared. The results of the model are in a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results although there are some fields that need to be studied in future to improve the model.
Abarham, Mehdi [University of Michigan; Hoard, John W. [University of Michigan; Assanis, Dennis [University of Michigan; Styles, Dan [Ford Motor Company; Curtis, Eric W. [Ford Motor Company; Ramesh, Nitia [Ford Motor Company; Sluder, Scott [ORNL; Storey, John Morse [ORNL
Deposition of device quality low H content, amorphous silicon films
A high quality, low hydrogen content, hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film is deposited by passing a stream of silane gas (SiH{sub 4}) over a high temperature, 2,000 C, tungsten (W) filament in the proximity of a high temperature, 400 C, substrate within a low pressure, 8 mTorr, deposition chamber. The silane gas is decomposed into atomic hydrogen and silicon, which in turn collides preferably not more than 20--30 times before being deposited on the hot substrate. The hydrogenated amorphous silicon films thus produced have only about one atomic percent hydrogen, yet have device quality electrical, chemical, and structural properties, despite this lowered hydrogen content. 7 figs.
Mahan, A.H.; Carapella, J.C.; Gallagher, A.C.
Nanosecond laser-induced phase transitions in pulsed laser deposition-deposited GeTe films
Phase transformations between amorphous and crystalline states induced by irradiation of pulsed laser deposition grown GeTe thin films with nanosecond laser pulses at 248?nm and pulse duration of 20?ns are studied. Structural and optical properties of the Ge-Te phase-change films were studied by X-ray diffraction and optical reflectivity measurements as a function of the number of laser pulses between 0 and 30 pulses and of the laser fluence up to 195 mJ/cm{sup 2}. A reversible phase transition by using pulse numbers ??5 at a fluence above the threshold fluence between 11 and 14 mJ/cm{sup 2} for crystallization and single pulses at a fluence between 162 and 182 mJ/cm{sup 2} for amorphization could be proved. For laser fluences from 36 up to 130 mJ/cm{sup 2}, a high optical contrast of 14.7% between the amorphous and crystalline state is measured. A simple model is used that allows the discussion on the distribution of temperature in dependency on the laser fluence.
Sun, Xinxing, E-mail: email@example.com; Thelander, Erik; Lorenz, Pierre; Gerlach, J�rgen W.; Decker, Ulrich; Rauschenbach, Bernd [Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig (Germany)
Combustion chemical vapor deposited coatings for thermal barrier coating systems
The new deposition process, combustion chemical vapor deposition, shows a great deal of promise in the area of thermal barrier coating systems. This technique produces dense, adherent coatings, and does not require a reaction chamber. Coatings can therefore be applied in the open atmosphere. The process is potentially suitable for producing high quality CVD coatings for use as interlayers between the bond coat and thermal barrier coating, and/or as overlayers, on top of thermal barrier coatings. In this report, the evaluation of alumina and ceria coatings on a nickel-chromium alloy is described.
Hampikian, J.M.; Carter, W.B. [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Materials Science and Engineering
Vertebrate fossils from late Cenozoic deposits of central Kansas
- posits of gravel, sand, clay, silt and volcanic ash inthe area surrounding McPherson, Kansas. Pleisto- cene age was assumed for these deposits, and both O. P. HAY (1925, p. 244) and OSBORN (1936, p. 373) assigned them to the Aftonian interglacial stage...- posits of gravel, sand, clay, silt and volcanic ash inthe area surrounding McPherson, Kansas. Pleisto- cene age was assumed for these deposits, and both O. P. HAY (1925, p. 244) and OSBORN (1936, p. 373) assigned them to the Aftonian interglacial stage...
Hibbard, C. W.
Paragenesis and Geochronology of the Nopal I Uranium Deposit, Mexico
Uranium deposits can, by analogy, provide important information on the long-term performance of radioactive waste forms and radioactive waste repositories. Their complex mineralogy and variable elemental and isotopic compositions can provide important information, provided that analyses are obtained on the scale of several micrometers. Here, we present a structural model of the Nopal I deposit as well as petrography at the nanoscale coupled with preliminary U-Th-Pb ages and O isotopic compositions of uranium-rich minerals obtained by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). This multi-technique approach promises to provide ''natural system'' data on the corrosion rate of uraninite, the natural analogue of spent nuclear fuel.
M. Fayek; M. Ren
Stratigraphy and environment of deposition of the San Miguel lignite deposit northern McMullen and southeastern Atascosa counties, Texas
deposits. Coastal swamp deposits occur within the lignite interval, a zone of lignite and clay of 3. 7 m (12 ft) ave age thickness. The 1'g. . ite interval has an overall strike-trend with local dip-trending segments. The lignite represents accumulation...). . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ 26 12 ~2 f ' ' 2~2'6' 2 ~l f* MK-26, 14. 2 m (46. 75 ft) . 26 13 Regional stratigraphic correlation of the upper and middle Eocene of the Gulf Coast. 28 Electric log correlations in Atascosa and Live Oak counties of Texas. 29 15 Interpretation...
Snedden, John William
Prevention of deleterious deposits in a coal liquefaction system
A process for preventing the formation of deleterious coke deposits on the walls of coal liquefaction reactor vessels involves passing hydrogen and a feed slurry comprising feed coal and recycle liquid solvent to a coal liquefaction reaction zone while imparting a critical mixing energy of at least 3500 ergs per cubic centimeter of reaction zone volume per second to the reacting slurry.
Carr, Norman L. (Allison Park, PA); Prudich, Michael E. (Pittsburgh, PA); King, Jr., William E. (Gibsonia, PA); Moon, William G. (Cheswick, PA)
Microbial and Colloidal Deposition to Solid Surfaces: Effect of Heterogeneity
in porous media using a heavy water system. Moreover, toColloid deposition trends in heavy water (10 mM KCl) 3.3.4a D 2 O/H 2 O/KCl (heavy water) mixture. Chapter �Colloidal
Chen, Gexin
Direct chemical vapor deposition of graphene on dielectric surfaces
A substrate is provided that has a metallic layer on a substrate surface of a substrate. A film made of a two dimensional (2-D) material, such as graphene, is deposited on a metallic surface of the metallic layer. The metallic layer is dewet and/or removed to provide the film on the substrate surface.
Zhang, Yuegang; Ismach, Ariel
DIAMOND CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION Nucleation and Early Growth Stages
a reality. Epi- taxial diamond has been grown on diamond and cubic-BN. Polycrystalline diamond films haveDIAMOND CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION Nucleation and Early Growth Stages by Huimin Liu David S. Dandy of high-quality diamond coatings on preshaped parts and synthesis of free-standing shapes of diamond
Dandy, David
Atmospheric deposition of ^Be by rain events, in central Argentina
Atmospheric deposition of ^Be by rain events, in central Argentina Juri Ayub, J. , Di Gregorio, B Aplicada San Luis. UniversidadNacional de San Luis - CONICET. Ejercito de los Andes 950. Argentina. 2 Buenos Aires, Argentina 3. Escuela de Cienciay Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Martin de
Nacional de San Luis, Universidad
Apparatus for depositing hard coating in a nozzle orifice
The present invention is directed to a process for coating the interior surfaces of an orifice in a substrate that forms a slurry fuel injection nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle is part of a fuel injection system for metering a coal-water slurry into a large, medium-speed, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In order to retard erosion of the orifice, the substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber. A reaction gas is passed into the chamber at a gas temperature below its reaction temperature and is directed through the orifice in the substrate. The gas reaction temperature is a temperature at and above which the reaction gas deposits as a coating, and the reaction gas is of a composition whereby improved resistance to erosion by flow of the particulates in the slurry fuel is imparted by the deposited coating. Only the portion of the substrate in proximity to the orifice to be coated is selectively heated to at least the gas reaction temperature for effecting coating of the orifice's interior surfaces by the vapor deposited coating formed from the reaction gas.
Flynn, Paul L. (Fairview, PA); Giammarise, Anthony W. (Erie, PA)
The present invention is directed to a process for coating the interior surfaces of an orifice in a substrate that forms a slurry fuel injection nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle is part of a fuel injection system for metering a coal-water slurry into a large, medium-speed, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In order to retard erosion of the orifice, the substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber. A reaction gas is passed into the chamber at a gas temperature below its reaction temperature and is directed through the orifice in the substrate. The gas reaction temperature is a temperature at and above which the reaction gas deposits as a coating, and the reaction gas is of a composition whereby improved resistance to erosion by flow of the particulates in the slurry fuel is imparted by the deposited coating. Only the portion of the substrate in proximity to the orifice to be coated is selectively heated to at least the gas reaction temperature for effecting coating of the orifice`s interior surfaces by the vapor deposited coating formed from the reaction gas. 2 figs.
Flynn, P.L.; Giammarise, A.W.
Process for depositing hard coating in a nozzle orifice
The present invention is directed to a process for coating the interior surfaces of an orifice in a substrate that forms a slurry fuel injection nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle is part of a fuel injection system for metering a coal-water slurry into a large, medium-speed, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In order to retard erosion of the orifice, the substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber. A reaction gas is passed into the chamber at a gas temperature below its reaction temperature and is directed through the orifice in the substrate. The gas reaction temperature is a temperature at and above which the reaction gas deposits as a coating, and the reaction gas is of a composition whereby improved resistance toerosion by flow of the particulates in the slurry fuel is imparted by the deposited coating. Only the portion of the substrate in proximity to the orifice to be coated is selectively heated to at least the gas reaction temperature for effecting coating of the orifice's interior surfaces by the vapor deposited coating formed from the reaction gas.
Flynn, Paul L. (5139 Fox Park Dr., Fairview, PA 16415); Giammarise, Anthony W. (527 Lincoln Ave., Erie, PA 16505)
Development of Highly Selective Oxidation Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition
This factsheet describes a research project whose goal is to use Atomic Layer Deposition to construct nanostructured catalysts to improve the effectiveness of oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes. More effective catalysts could enable higher specific conversion rates and result in drastic energy savings - up to 25 trillion Btu per year by 2020.
Bitumen-bearing deposits of the United States
Descriptions, resources, and petrophysical properties of bitumen-bearing rocks, or tar sands, in the United States are summarized by state and their locations indicated on the accompanying maps. One hundred ninety-eight identified deposits in 17 states yield a total bitumen resource estimated to be 57 billion barrels.
Crysdale, B.L.; Schenk, C.J.
Assessing the extent of carbonate deposition in early rift settings
different lake levels can be compared to evaluate how changes in size, shape, and lake configuration might that they could produce carbonate deposits of po- tential economic interest. Three of the areas--Great Salt Lake sedimentology, petroleum geology, and marine geology. He received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit
Purkis, Sam
Deposition of Biological Aerosols on HVAC Heat Exchangers
LBNL-47669 Deposition of Biological Aerosols on HVAC Heat Exchangers Jeffrey Siegel and Iain Walker of Biological Aerosols on HVAC Heat Exchangers Jeffrey A. Siegel Iain S. Walker, Ph.D. ASHRAE Student Member that are found in commercial and residential HVAC systems of 1 - 6 m/s (200 - 1200 ft/min), particle diameters
The present invention is directed to a process for coating the interior surfaces of an orifice in a substrate that forms a slurry fuel injection nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle is part of a fuel injection system for metering a coal-water slurry into a large, medium-speed, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In order to retard erosion of the orifice, the substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber. A reaction gas is passed into the chamber at a gas temperature below its reaction temperature and is directed through the orifice in the substrate. The gas reaction temperature is a temperature at and above which the reaction gas deposits as a coating, and the reaction gas is of a composition whereby improved resistance to erosion by flow of the particulates in the slurry fuel is imparted by the deposited coating. Only the portion of the substrate in proximity to the orifice to be coated is selectively heated to at least the gas reaction temperature for effecting coating of the orifice's interior surfaces by the vapor deposited coating formed from the reaction gas. 2 figures.
Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics Hybrid Deposition Manufacturing: Design
combines additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as FDM with material deposition and embedded components applications. Additive manufacturing techniques are used to print both permanent components and sacrificial, leveraging the benefits of additive manufacturing and expanding the range of design options for robotic
Dollar, Aaron M.
POLLEN DISPERSAL AND DEPOSITION ON THE QUELCCAYA ICE CAp, PERU
POLLEN DISPERSAL AND DEPOSITION ON THE QUELCCAYA ICE CAp, PERU Carl A. Reese and Kam-biu Liu: The relatively young science of tropical ice-core palynology has proven effective in the study of paleoenvironments by its ability to produce long-term and high- resolution paleoclimatic data. However, no studies
Liu, Kam-biu
Sputter deposition of semiconductor superlattices for thermoelectric applications
Theoretical dramatic improvement of the thermoelectric properties of materials by using quantum confinement in novel semiconductor nanostructures has lead to considerable interest in the thermoelectric community. Therefore, we are exploring the critical materials issues for fabrication of quantum confined structures by magnetron sputtering in the lead telluride and bismuth telluride families of materials. We have synthesized modulated structures from thermoelectric materials with bilayer periods of as little as 3.2 nm and shown that they are stable at deposition temperatures high enough to grow quality films. Issues critical to high quality film growth have been investigated such as nucleation and growth conditions and their effect on crystal orientation and growth morphology. These investigations show that nucleating the film at a temperature below the growth temperature of optimum electronic properties produces high quality films. Our work with sputter deposition, which is inherently a high rate deposition process, builds the technological base necessary to develop economical production of these advanced materials. High deposition rate is critical since, even if efficiencies comparable with CFC based refrigeration systems can be achieved, large quantities of quantum confined materials will be necessary for cost-competitive uses.
Wagner, A.V.; Foreman, R.J.; Farmer, J.C.; Barbee, T.W.
Deposition of biological aerosols on HVAC heat exchangers
Many biologically active materials are transported as bioaerosols 1-10 {micro}m in diameter. These particles can deposit on cooling and heating coils and lead to serious indoor air quality problems. This paper investigates several of the mechanisms that lead to aerosol deposition on fin and tube heat exchangers. A model has been developed that incorporates the effects of several deposition mechanisms, including impaction, Brownian and turbulent diffusion, turbophoresis, thermophoresis, diffusiophoresis, and gravitational settling. The model is applied to a typical range of air velocities that are found in commercial and residential HVAC systems 1 - 6 m/s (200 - 1200 ft/min), particle diameters from 1 - 8 {micro}m, and fin spacings from 3.2 - 7.9 fins/cm (8 - 16 fins/inch or FPI). The results from the model are compared to results from an experimental apparatus that directly measures deposition on a 4.7 fins/cm (12 FPI) coil. The model agrees reasonably well with this measured data and suggests that cooling coils are an important sink for biological aerosols and consequently a potential source of indoor air quality problems.
Siegel, Jeffrey; Walker, Ian
Biocompatibility of atomic layer-deposited alumina thin films
. These results sug- gest that patterning a substrate with hydrophilic and hydro- phobic groups can control cell and excellent dielectric properties for bio- micro electro mechanical systems (Bio-MEMS) in sensors, actuators of atomic layer-deposited (ALD) alumina (Al2O3) and hydro- phobic coatings. While these coatings
George, Steven M.
Atmospheric Mercury Deposition Impacts of Future Electric Power Generation
Atmospheric Mercury Deposition Impacts of Future Electric Power Generation Mark D. Cohen Physical fish consumption, and significant portions of the general population are believed to be consuming toxicologically significant levels of mercury (e.g., National Research Council, 2000). Historical discharges e
Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of conductive polymers for use in novel photovoltaic device architectures
The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), (PEDOT), deposited via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) has been investigated for use in organic electronic devices. The oCVD process as well as the ...
Howden, Rachel M. (Rachel Mary)
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition on Living Substrates: Development, Characterization, and Biological Applications
This dissertation proposed the idea of �plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on living substrates (PECVD on living substrates)� to bridge the gap between the thin film deposition technology and the biological and living substrates. This study...
Tsai, Tsung-Chan 1982-
Adhesion improvement of electroless copper depositions on titanium nitride by low temperature annealing
copper depositions onto titanium nitride, a diffusion barrier material. In particular, an effort is made to characterize the adhesion of the electronics copper deposit on titanium nitride and the improvement of the adhesion produced by low temperature...
Eiserer, Rex Anthony
E-Print Network 3.0 - assisted vapour deposition Sample Search...
chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) for the growth of thin films of In 0 :Sn... in a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere, thin films are deposited on hot 410-SOOC glass and (111) silicon...
Correction to "Sulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols"
Correction to "Sulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols (2010), Correction to "Sulfuric acid deposition from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols from stratospheric geoengineering with sulfate aerosols" (Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D14109
Effects of surface properties on solder bump formation by direct droplet deposition
Recent advances in microdroplet generation and deposition processes have made it possible to directly form solder bumps on integrated circuits using micron-sized molten metal droplets. The direct droplet deposition bumping ...
Hsiao, Wen Kai, 1972-
Amine functionalization by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) for interfacial adhesion and film cohesion
Amine functional polymer thin films provide a versatile platform for subsequent functionalization because of their diverse reactivity. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a polymer chemical vapor deposition ...
Xu, Jingjing, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using...
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using the bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc precursor. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free...
Investigation of electrophoretic deposition as a fabrication technique for high performance composites
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a colloidal processing method for the deposition of materials from charged nanoparticles suspended in solution with the application of an external electric field. It is an increasingly ...
Palmer, Timothy R. (Timothy Richard)
A Model for Phosphosilicate Glass Deposition via POCl3 for Control...
Phosphosilicate Glass Deposition via POCl3 for Control of Phosphorus Dose in Si. A Model for Phosphosilicate Glass Deposition via POCl3 for Control of Phosphorus Dose in Si....
Atomic oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase Ag/Ag2O deposition...
oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase AgAg2O deposition. Atomic oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase AgAg2O deposition. Abstract: The flux of atomic oxygen generated in a...
Chemistry of Petroleum Crude Oil Deposits: Sodium Naphthenates 2009 NHMFL Science Highlight for NSF
Chemistry of Petroleum Crude Oil Deposits: Sodium Naphthenates 2009 NHMFL Science Highlight for NSF-355. Chemistry of Petroleum Crude Oil Deposits: Sodium Naphthenates 2009 NHMFL Science Highlight for NSF DMR
Weston, Ken
Microdosimetric characterization of energy-deposition patterns near the ends of alpha tracks
The purpose of this study was the characterization of energy-deposition patterns in short segments near the ends of alpha particle tracks. Energy-deposition patterns in structures having dimensions on the order of nanometers were observed. Near...
Guetersloh, Stephen Brant
Change to Pre-Authorized Payment Plan / Award Deposit (SGS Students Only)
for the PPL and deposits for awards will use the same bank account). · Any changes to payroll banking
Ellis, Randy
Heteroepitaxy of group IV-VI nitrides by atomic layer deposition
Heteroepitaxial growth of selected group IV-VI nitrides on various orientations of sapphire (?-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) is demonstrated using atomic layer deposition. High quality, epitaxial films are produced at significantly lower temperatures than required by conventional deposition methods. Characterization of electrical and superconducting properties of epitaxial films reveals a reduced room temperature resistivity and increased residual resistance ratio for films deposited on sapphire compared to polycrystalline samples deposited concurrently on fused quartz substrates.
Klug, Jeffrey A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Groll, Nickolas R.; Pellin, Michael J.; Proslier, Thomas, E-mail: email@example.com [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)] [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Becker, Nicholas G.; Cao, Chaoyue; Zasadzinski, John F. [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States) [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616 (United States); Weimer, Matthew S. [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States) [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616 (United States)
Spatially resolved mineral deposition on patterned self-assembled monolayers
Electron and ion beam lithographic techniques were used to pattern self-assembled monolayers with organic functional groups. Nucleation and growth of minerals from aqueous solution were confined to the patterned regions. A vinyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was selectively deposited in ion and electron beam etched regions of a methyl-terminated SAM. Sulfonation of the vinyl groups produced a surface patterned in either hydrophobic methyl groups or hydrophilic sulfonate groups. Subsequent growth of FeOOH films was confined to the sulfonated regions. Condensation images were used to image each step in the lithographic scheme. Resolution of the SAM patterning step was 1-3 [mu]m, while resolution of the mineral deposition step was 10-15 [mu]m. 15 refs., 3 figs.
Rieke, P.C.; Tarasevich, B.J.; Wood, L.L.; Engelhard, M.H.; Baer, D.R.; Fryxell, G.E. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); John, C.M. (Charles Evans Associates, Redwood City, CA (United States)); Laken, D.A.; Jaehnig, M.C. (FEI Corp., Beaverton, OR (United States))
Fabrication of alkali halide UV photocathodes by pulsed laser deposition
A technique has been proposed for the fabrication of atmospheric corrosion resistant alkali halide UV photocathodes by pulsed laser deposition. We produced photocathodes with a highly homogeneous photoemissive layer well-adherent to the substrate. The photocathodes were mounted in a vacuum photodiode, and a tungsten grid was used as an anode. Using pulsed UV lasers, we carried out experiments aimed at evaluating the quantum efficiency of the photocathodes. With a dc voltage applied between the photocathode and anode grid, we measured a shunt signal proportional to the total charge emitted by the cathode exposed to UV laser light. The proposed deposition technique enables one to produce photocathodes with photoemissive layers highly uniform in quantum efficiency, which is its main advantage over thin film growth by resistive evaporation. (laser technologies)
Brendel', V M; Bukin, V V; Garnov, Sergei V; Bagdasarov, V Kh; Denisov, N N; Garanin, Sergey G; Terekhin, V A; Trutnev, Yurii A
Growth mode evolution of hafnium oxide by atomic layer deposition
HfO{sub 2} thin films were deposited using tetrakis-ethylmethylamido hafnium and H{sub 2}O as precursors on silicon by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The morphology and microstructures at different ALD cycles were characterized by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Based on the height�height correlation function and power spectral density function, quantitative analysis of surface morphologies was performed. Three characteristic dimensions (?{sub 1}, ?{sub 2}, and ?{sub 3}) corresponding to three surface structures, islands, local and global fluctuations, were identified. The evolution of ALD growth mode at range of the three critical scales was investigated, respectively. It suggests the transformation of growth mode from quasi two-dimensional layer-by-layer to three-dimensional island for global fluctuations.
Nie, Xianglong; Ma, Fei; Ma, Dayan, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi (China); Xu, Kewei [State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China and Department of Physics and Opt-electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi (China)
Infrared sensor for CVD deposition of dielectric films
Infrared emission (IRE) spectra were obtained from two borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) thin-film sample sets. The first set consisted of 21 films deposited on undoped silicon wafers, and the second set consisted of 9 films deposited on patterned and doped (product) wafers. The IRE data were empirically modeled using partial least-squares calibration to simultaneously quantify four BPSG thin-film properties. The standard errors of the determinations when modeling the 21 monitor wafers were
Niemczyk, T.M.; Franke, J.E.; Zhang, S. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Haaland, D.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Niemczyk, T.M.; Franke, J.E.; Zhang, S. [New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Haaland, D.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Simulating the Heterogeneity in Braided Channel Belt Deposits: 2. Examples of Results and Comparison to Natural Deposits
In Part 1 of this series we presented a methodology and a code for modeling the hierarchical sedimentary architecture in braided channel belt deposits. Here, in Part 2, the code was used to create a digital model of this architecture, and the corresponding spatial distribution of permeability. The simulated architecture was compared to the real stratal architecture observed in an abandoned channel belt of the Sagavanirktok River, Alaska by Lunt et al. (2004). The comparisons included assessments of similarity which were both qualitative and quantitative. From the qualitative comparisons we conclude that a synthetic deposit created by the code has unit types, at each level, with a geometry which is generally consistent with the geometry of unit types observed in the field. The digital unit types would generally be recognized as representing their counterparts in nature, including cross stratasets, lobate and scroll bar deposits, channel fills, etc. Furthermore, the synthetic deposit has a hierarchical spatial relationship among these units which represents how the unit types are observed in field exposures and in geophysical images. In quantitative comparisons the proportions and the length, width, and height of unit types at different scales, across all levels of the stratal hierarchy compare well between the digital and the natural deposits. A number of important attributes of the channel belt model were shown to be influenced by more than one level within the hierarchy of stratal architecture. First, the high-permeability open-framework gravels percolated at all levels and thus formed preferential flow pathways. Open framework gravels are indeed known to form preferential flow pathways in natural channel belt deposits. The nature of a percolating cluster changed across different levels of the hierarchy of stratal architecture. As a result of this geologic structure, the percolation occurs at proportions of open-framework gravels below the theoretical percolation threshold for random infinite media. Second, when the channel belt model was populated with permeability distributions by lowest-level unit type, the composite permeability semivariogram contained structures that were identifiable at more than one scale, and each of these structures could be directly linked to unit types of different scales existing at different levels within the hierarchy of strata. These collective results are encouraging with respect to our goal that this model be relevant as a base case in future studies for testing ideas in research addressing the upscaling problem in aquifers and reservoirs with multi-scale heterogeneity.
Guin, Arijit; Ramanathan, Ramya; Ritzi, Robert W.; Dominic, David F.; Lunt, Ian A.; Scheibe, Timothy D.; Freedman, Vicky L.
Synthesis and Deposition of Nanoparticles Using a Hypersonically Expanded Plasma
Si-Ti-N nanostructured coatings were synthesized by inertial impaction of nanoparticles using a process called hypersonic plasma particle deposition (HPPD). Transmission electron microscopy on samples prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling show TiN nanocrystallites in an amorphous matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the presence of amorphous Si3N4 in similar films. In-situ particle size distribution measurements show that particle size distributions peak around 14 nm under typical operating conditions.
Hafiz, Jami; Wang Xiaoliang; Mukherjee, Rajesh; McMurry, Peter H.; Heberlein, Joachim V.R.; Girshick, Steven L. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Substrates suitable for deposition of superconducting thin films
A superconducting system for the lossless transmission of electrical current comprising a thin film of superconducting material Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x epitaxially deposited upon a KTaO.sub.3 substrate. The KTaO.sub.3 is an improved substrate over those of the prior art since the it exhibits small lattice constant mismatch and does not chemically react with the superconducting film.
Feenstra, Roeland (Oak Ridge, TN); Boatner, Lynn A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Measurements of aerosol thermophoretic deposition: Transition with temperature gradient
Thermophoresis is the motion of aerosol particles due to a temperature gradient in the suspending gas. The thermophoretic velocity V{sub T} is expressed as: where a {alpha} = thermal diffusivity v = kinematic viscosity H= Pr K Pr = Prandtl number K = dimensionless coefficient that is a function of several parameters (particle radius, thermal conductivity, gas properties, gas surface interactions). This report describes measurements of the effects of temperature gradients on the deposition of polystyrene latex particles.
Varma, A.; Tompson, R.V.; Loyalka, S.K. [Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
Climate Dependency of Tree Growth Suppressed by Acid Deposition
uptake). These soil changes coincided with decreased diameter growth and a suppression of climateClimate Dependency of Tree Growth Suppressed by Acid Deposition Effects on Soils in Northwest Russia G R E G O R Y B . L A W R E N C E , * , A N D R E I G . L A P E N I S , D A N B E R G G R E N
Lapenas, Andrei G.
A pulser for medium-frequency modulated direct-current reactive sputter deposition of insulators
for medium-frequency modulated direct-current dc reactive sputter deposition of electrical insulators at the target surface inherent to high- deposition-rate reactive sputtering of electrical insulators. TypicallyA pulser for medium-frequency modulated direct-current reactive sputter deposition of insulators G
Cao, Hui
Energy deposition in t in films calculated using ellectron transport theory Theodore Biewer and Peter Rez
Energy deposition in t in films calculated using ellectron transport theory Theodore Biewer damage which can be related to the energy deposited in the specimen. We derive an expression for the energy deposition using the electron transport equation and give results for beam energies of l-10 k
Biewer, Theodore
Atomic layer deposition of TiN films Growth and electrical behavior down to
Atomic layer deposition of TiN films Growth and electrical behavior down to sub-nanometer scale Hao Van Bui #12;ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF TiN FILMS GROWTH AND ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR DOWN TO SUBD. Thesis - University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands Title: Atomic layer deposition of TiN films
Estimate of fine sediment deposit dynamics on a gravel bar using photography analysis
Estimate of fine sediment deposit dynamics on a gravel bar using photography analysis B. CAMENEN1 , M. JODEAU2 , and M. JABALLAH3 Abstract Three different methods to analyse fine sediment deposits the ground. These methods were used to estimate the surface of fine sediment deposits before and after
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Unravelling aspects of the gas phase chemistry involved in diamond chemical vapour deposition
of thin �lms of polycrystalline diamond by chemi- cal vapour deposition (CVD) methods,2h4 since which timeUnravelling aspects of the gas phase chemistry involved in diamond chemical vapour deposition been used to unravel details of the gas phase chemistry involved in diamond chemical vapour deposition
Bristol, University of
Microstructural development and solidification cracking susceptibility of Cu deposits on steel: Part I
Microstructural development and solidification cracking susceptibility of Cu deposits on steel industry is interested in depositing Cu onto steel using direct metal deposition techniques in order to improve thermal management of mold dies manufactured from steel alloys. However, Cu is a known promoter
DuPont, John N.
Apparatus and method for selective area deposition of thin films on electrically biased substrates
An ion beam deposition process for selective area deposition on a polarized substrate uses a potential applied to the substrate which allows the ionized particles to reach into selected areas for film deposition. Areas of the substrate to be left uncoated are held at a potential that repells the ionized particles.
Zuhr, Raymond A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Haynes, Tony E. (Knoxville, TN); Golanski, Andrzej (Le Cheylas, FR)
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2
Constraining Oceanic dust deposition using surface 1 ocean dissolved Al 2 Qin Han, J. Keith Moore, Charles Zender, Chris Measures, David Hydes 3 Abstract 4 We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al and Deposition 6 (DEAD) model, to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains 7 all
The Transport and Deposition of Dioxin to Lake Michigan: A Case Study
The Transport and Deposition of Dioxin to Lake Michigan: A Case Study Dr. Mark Cohen NOAA Air and Deposition of Dioxin to Lake Michigan: A Case Study Presentation Outline �?�? Policy Making Context Need to Know It? �?�? Atmospheric Deposition of Dioxin to Lake Michigan �?�? Uncertainty Analysis �?�?
An ion beam deposition process for selective area deposition on a polarized substrate uses a potential applied to the substrate which allows the ionized particles to reach into selected areas for film deposition. Areas of the substrate to be left uncoated are held at a potential that repels the ionized particles. 3 figs.
Zuhr, R.A.; Haynes, T.E.; Golanski, A.
Surface Science Letters Spontaneous deposition of Pd on a Ru(0 0 0 1) surface
deposition of Pd on a Pt(1 1 1) electrode, monolayer [3], or submonolayer [4,7] coverages were reportedSurface Science Letters Spontaneous deposition of Pd on a Ru(0 0 0 1) surface S.R. Brankovic, J. Mc March 2001 Abstract Spontaneous deposition of Pd on a Ru(0 0 0 1) single crystal surface has been
Brankovic, Stanko R.
Microwave plasma assisted supersonic gas jet deposition of thin film materials
An apparatus for fabricating thin film materials utilizing high speed gas dynamics relies on supersonic free jets of carrier gas to transport depositing vapor species generated in a microwave discharge to the surface of a prepared substrate where the vapor deposits to form a thin film. The present invention generates high rates of deposition and thin films of unforeseen high quality at low temperatures.
Schmitt, III, Jerome J. (New Haven, CT); Halpern, Bret L. (Bethany, CT)
Development of an Electroless Method to Deposit Corrosion-Resistant Silicate Layers on Metallic Substrates
Development of an Electroless Method to Deposit Corrosion-Resistant Silicate Layers on Metallic, USA A novel electroless method for depositing corrosion-resistant silicate layers on metallic substrates from aqueous solutions has been developed. The silicate layer was deposited from an aqueous
Popov, Branko N.
ATDP INTENT TO ENROLL ADVANCED TUITION DEPOSIT BY CHECK/MONEY ORDER Important Note: Complete Deposit with a check or money order made payable to Portland State University. This $200 deposit in courses at Portland State University for fall term. Enclosed is a check/money order made payable
Effect of Water on Deposition, Aggregate Size, and Viscosity of Asphaltenes
Effect of Water on Deposition, Aggregate Size, and Viscosity of Asphaltenes Seyma Aslan and Abbas. In this study, we investigate the aggregation and deposition of water and asphaltenes, the most polar fraction and provide the evidence for clear changes in asphaltene deposition. Differential interference contrast (DIC
Real-time growth rate metrology for a tungsten chemical vapor deposition process by acoustic sensing
to a production-scale tungsten chemical vapor deposition cluster tool for in situ process sensing. Process gasesReal-time growth rate metrology for a tungsten chemical vapor deposition process by acoustic to achieve run-to-run process control of the deposited tungsten film thickness. � 2001 American Vacuum
Rhodium coated mirrors deposited by magnetron sputtering for fusion applications
Metallic mirrors will be essential components of all optical spectroscopy and imaging systems for ITER plasma diagnostics. Any change in the mirror performance, in particular, its reflectivity, due to erosion of the surface by charge exchange neutrals or deposition of impurities will influence the quality and reliability of the detected signals. Due to its high reflectivity in the visible wavelength range and its low sputtering yield, rhodium appears as an attractive material for first mirrors in ITER. However, the very high price of the raw material calls for using it in the form of a film deposited onto metallic substrates. The development of a reliable technique for the preparation of high reflectivity rhodium films is therefore of the highest importance. Rhodium layers with thicknesses of up to 2 {mu}m were produced on different substrates of interest (Mo, stainless steel, Cu) by magnetron sputtering. Produced films exhibit a low roughness and crystallite size of about 10 nm with a dense columnar structure. No impurities were detected on the surface after deposition. Scratch tests demonstrate that adhesion properties increase with substrate hardness. Detailed optical characterizations of Rh-coated mirrors as well as results of erosion tests performed both under laboratory conditions and in the TEXTOR tokamak are presented in this paper.
Marot, L.; De Temmerman, G.; Oelhafen, P.; Covarel, G.; Litnovsky, A. [Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel (Switzerland); Laboratoire Mecanique, Materiaux et Procedes de Fabrication, 61 rue Albert Camus, Universite de Haute-Alsace, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex (France); Institut fuer Energieforschung (Plasmaphysik), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, D 52425 Juelich (Germany)
Effect of Increasing Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Communities
Increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity are three main environmental changes occurring on a global scale. The BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) ecological experiment site at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve started in 1997, to better understand how these changes would affect soil systems. To understand how increasing nitrogen deposition affects the microbial community diversity, heterogeneity, and functional structure impact soil microbial communities, 12 samples were collected from the BioCON plots in which nitrogenous fertilizer was added to simulate the effect of increasing nitrogen deposition and 12 samples from without added fertilizer. DNA from the 24 samples was extracted using a freeze-grind protocol, amplified, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and then hybridized to GeoChip, a functional gene array containing probes for genes involved in N, S and C cycling, metal resistance and organic contaminant degradation. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of all genes detected was performed to analyze microbial community patterns. The first two axes accounted for 23.5percent of the total variation. The samples fell into two major groups: fertilized and non-fertilized, suggesting that nitrogenous fertilizer had a significant impact on soil microbial community structure and diversity. The functional gene numbers detected in fertilized samples was less that detected in non-fertilizer samples. Functional genes involving in the N cycling were mainly discussed.
Xiao, Shengmu; Xue, Kai; He, Zhili; VanNostrand, Joy D.; Liu, Jianshe; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Reich, Peter B.; Zhou, Jizhong
Red Fork sandstone of Oklahoma: depositional history and reservoir distribution
The Middle Pennsylvanian Red Fork sandstone formed as a result of progradation across eastern Kansas and most of Oklahoma. The Red Fork is one of several transgressive-regressive sequences (cyclothems) developed within the Desmoinesian Cherokee Group. Sea level changes, together with varying subsidence, were dominant factors controlling the general stratigraphic (correlative) characteristics of the Red Fork interval. Progradation was episodic, with sand deposition in the more active part of the basin during lower sea level stands and valley-fill deposition in the more stable areas during sea level rises. A map of Red Fork sand trends reveals an alluvial-deltaic complex covering most of Oklahoma. The Red Fork consists primarily of alluvial-valley and plain (fluvial) bodies in the northernmost part of northeastern Oklahoma, alluvial-deltaic bodies in most of the remaining parts of the shelf area, and off-shelf submarine-fan and slope basinal-floor complexes within the deeper part of the Anadarko basin. Determination of reservoir trend and genesis requires integration of rock and log data. Logs need to be calibrated to cores in order to estimate depositional environments accurately and to make a reasonable assessment of diagenetic overprints. Much of the oil and gas has been trapped in stratigraphic traps, and a significant amount of oil is in channel sandstones with trends at high angles to the structural grain. In some areas, secondary clay, in particular chloritic clay, has resulted in microporosity, high water saturation, and correspondingly low resistivities in oil reserves.
Shelton, J.W.; Fritz, R.D.; Johnson, C.
Droplet sizes, dynamics and deposition in vertical annular flow
The role of droplets in vertical upwards annular flow is investigated, focusing on the droplet size distributions, dynamics, and deposition phenomena. An experimental program was performed based on a new laser optical technique developed in these laboratories and implemented here for annular flow. This permitted the simultaneous measurement of droplet size, axial and radial velocity. The dependence of droplet size distributions on flow conditions is analyzed. The Upper-Log Normal function proves to be a good model for the size distribution. The mechanism controlling the maximum stable drop size was found to result from the interaction of the pressure fluctuations of the turbulent flow of the gas core with the droplet. The average axial droplet velocity showed a weak dependence on gas rates. This can be explained once the droplet size distribution and droplet size-velocity relationship are analyzed simultaneously. The surprising result from the droplet conditional analysis is that larger droplet travel faster than smaller ones. This dependence cannot be explained if the drag curves used do not take into account the high levels of turbulence present in the gas core in annular flow. If these are considered, then interesting new situations of multiplicity and stability of droplet terminal velocities are encountered. Also, the observed size-velocity relationship can be explained. A droplet deposition is formulated based on the particle inertia control. This permitted the calculation of rates of drop deposition directly from the droplet size and velocities data.
Lopes, J C.B.; Dukler, A E
Method for materials deposition by ablation transfer processing
A method in which a thin layer of semiconducting, insulating, or metallic material is transferred by ablation from a source substrate, coated uniformly with a thin layer of said material, to a target substrate, where said material is desired, with a pulsed, high intensity, patternable beam of energy. The use of a patternable beam allows area-selective ablation from the source substrate resulting in additive deposition of the material onto the target substrate which may require a very low percentage of the area to be covered. Since material is placed only where it is required, material waste can be minimized by reusing the source substrate for depositions on multiple target substrates. Due to the use of a pulsed, high intensity energy source the target substrate remains at low temperature during the process, and thus low-temperature, low cost transparent glass or plastic can be used as the target substrate. The method can be carried out atmospheric pressures and at room temperatures, thus eliminating vacuum systems normally required in materials deposition processes. This invention has particular application in the flat panel display industry, as well as minimizing materials waste and associated costs.
Weiner, Kurt H. (San Jose, CA)
Method of physical vapor deposition of metal oxides on semiconductors
A process for growing a metal oxide thin film upon a semiconductor surface with a physical vapor deposition technique in a high-vacuum environment and a structure formed with the process involves the steps of heating the semiconductor surface and introducing hydrogen gas into the high-vacuum environment to develop conditions at the semiconductor surface which are favorable for growing the desired metal oxide upon the semiconductor surface yet is unfavorable for the formation of any native oxides upon the semiconductor. More specifically, the temperature of the semiconductor surface and the ratio of hydrogen partial pressure to water pressure within the vacuum environment are high enough to render the formation of native oxides on the semiconductor surface thermodynamically unstable yet are not so high that the formation of the desired metal oxide on the semiconductor surface is thermodynamically unstable. Having established these conditions, constituent atoms of the metal oxide to be deposited upon the semiconductor surface are directed toward the surface of the semiconductor by a physical vapor deposition technique so that the atoms come to rest upon the semiconductor surface as a thin film of metal oxide with no native oxide at the semiconductor surface/thin film interface. An example of a structure formed by this method includes an epitaxial thin film of (001)-oriented CeO.sub.2 overlying a substrate of (001) Ge.
Norton, David P. (Knoxville, TN)
Colloidal spray method for low cost thin coating deposition
A dense or porous coating of material is deposited onto a substrate by forcing a colloidal suspension through an ultrasonic nebulizer and spraying a fine mist of particles in a carrier medium onto a sufficiently heated substrate. The spraying rate is essentially matched to the evaporation rate of the carrier liquid from the substrate to produce a coating that is uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate. Following deposition to a sufficient coating thickness, a single sintering step may be used to produce a dense ceramic coating. Using this method, coatings ranging in thickness from about one to several hundred microns can be obtained. By using a plurality of compounds in the colloidal suspension, coatings of mixed composition can be obtained. By using a plurality of solutions and separate pumps and a single or multiple ultrasonic nebulizer(s), and varying the individual pumping rates and/or the concentrations of the solutions, a coating of mixed and discontinuously graded (e.g., stepped) or continuously graded layers may be obtained. This method is particularly useful for depositing ceramic coatings. Dense ceramic coating materials on porous substrates are useful in providing improved electrode performance in devices such as high power density solid oxide fuel cells. Dense ceramic coatings obtained by the invention are also useful for gas turbine blade coatings, sensors, steam electrolyzers, etc. The invention has general use in preparation of systems requiring durable and chemically resistant coatings, or coatings having other specific chemical or physical properties.
Pham, Ai-Quoc (San Jose, CA); Glass, Robert S. (Livermore, CA); Lee, Tae H. (Naperville, IL)
Pham, Ai-Quoc; Glass, Robert S.; Lee, Tae H.
Temperature dependent effects during Ag deposition on Cu(110)
The composition, structure, and morphology of ultrathin films grown by Ag deposition on Cu(110) were monitored as a function of temperature using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and medium energy ion scattering (MEIS). Aligned backscattering measurements with 150 keV He ions indicate that the Ag resides on top of the Cu and there is no significant surface compound formation. Measurements with LEED show that the Ag is initially confined to the substrate troughs. Further deposition forces the Ag out of the troughs and results in a split c(2 {times} 4) LEED pattern, which is characteristic of a distorted Ag(111) monolayer template. As verified by both AES and MEIS measurements, postmonolayer deposition of Ag on Cu(110) at 300K leads to a pronounced 3-dimensional clustering. Ion blocking analysis of the Ag clusters show that the crystallites have a (110)-like growth orientation, implying that the Ag monolayer template undergoes a rearrangement. These data are confirmed by low temperature LEED results in the absence of clusters, which indicate that Ag multilayers grow from a Ag--Cu interface where the Ag is captured in the troughs. Changes observed in the film structure and morphology are consistent with a film growth mechanism that is driven by overlayer strain response to the substrate corrugation. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Taylor, T.N.; Muenchausen, R.E.; Hoffbauer, M.A.; Denier van der Gon, A.W.; van der Veen, J.F. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA); FOM-Instituut voor Atoom-en Molecuulfysica, Amsterdam (Netherlands))
Surface smoothing effect of an amorphous thin film deposited by atomic layer deposition on a surface with nano-sized roughness
Previously, Lau (one of the authors) pointed out that the deposition of an amorphous thin film by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a substrate with nano-sized roughness probably has a surface smoothing effect. In this letter, polycrystalline zinc oxide deposited by ALD onto a smooth substrate was used as a substrate with nano-sized roughness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were used to demonstrate that an amorphous aluminum oxide thin film deposited by ALD can reduce the surface roughness of a polycrystalline zinc oxide coated substrate.
Lau, W. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Wan, X.; Xu, Y.; Wong, H. [Zhejiang University, Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China)] [Zhejiang University, Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Zhang, J. [Zhejiang University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China)] [Zhejiang University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Luo, J. K. [Zhejiang University, Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China) [Zhejiang University, Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Institute of Renewable Energy and Environment Technology, Bolton University, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5 AB (United Kingdom)
Property transformation of graphene with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films deposited directly by atomic layer deposition
Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films are deposited directly onto graphene by H{sub 2}O-based atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the films are pinhole-free and continuously cover the graphene surface. The growth process of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films does not introduce any detective defects in graphene, suppresses the hysteresis effect and tunes the graphene doping to n-type. The self-cleaning of ALD growth process, together with the physically absorbed H{sub 2}O and oxygen-deficient ALD environment consumes OH{sup ?} bonds, suppresses the p-doping of graphene, shifts Dirac point to negative gate bias and enhances the electron mobility.
Zheng, Li; Cao, Duo; Wang, Zhongjian; Xia, Chao [State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Cheng, Xinhong, E-mail: email@example.com; Yu, Yuehui [State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Shen, Dashen [University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899 (United States)
The elemental interaction in the electrodeposited Pb-Sn/electroless Ni-P deposit/Al multilayer upon heat treatment
The deposition of electroless nickel on aluminum is a relatively simple process. It is thus feasible to manufacture an electrodeposited solder bump on aluminum with the aid of an electroless nickel intermediate layer. The Al/electroless Ni/Pb-SN combination has been successfully developed in the present work. For this application, however, it is necessary to understand the possible interactions during protracted utilization of the multilayer combination. Nickel is reported to undergo the smallest rate of dissolution and the rate of reaction with solder among various materials is commonly applied in electronics. Thus, nickel has been applied as a diffusion barrier in electronic packaging. Electroless nickel is expected to have a similar barrier property. The interaction between nickel and electrodeposited tin forms Ni[sub 3]Sn[sub 4] at 190 C (12); Ni[sub 3]Sn is formed when the nickel surface is roughened. Ni[sub 3]Sn[sub 2] was found after soldering on electroless Ni-P. Despite all this work, there are still few investigations on the behavior of electrodeposited solder and electroless nickel deposits. The authors investigated the interphases formed in the Al/electroless Ni-P/Pb-Sn electro-deposit multilayer combination.
Lin, K.L.; Chang, J.T. (National Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan (Taiwan, Province of China). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering)
Improved process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition
A specially designed apparatus provides a steep thermal gradient across the thickness of fibrous preform. A flow of gaseous ceramic matrix material is directed into the fibrous preform at the cold surface. The deposition of the matrix occurs progressively from the hot surface of the fibrous preform toward the cold surface. Such deposition prevents the surface of the fibrous preform from becoming plugged. As a result thereof, the flow of reactant matrix gases into the uninfiltrated (undeposited) portion of the fibrous preform occurs throughout the deposition process. The progressive and continuous deposition of ceramic matrix within the fibrous preform provides for a significant reduction in process time over known chemical vapor deposition processes.
Lackey, W.J. Jr.; Caputo, A.J.
Process for ion-assisted laser deposition of biaxially textured layer on substrate
A process for depositing a biaxially aligned intermediate layer over a non-single crystal substrate is disclosed which permits the subsequent deposition thereon of a biaxially oriented superconducting film. The process comprises depositing on a substrate by laser ablation a material capable of being biaxially oriented and also capable of inhibiting the migration of substrate materials through the intermediate layer into such a superconducting film, while simultaneously bombarding the substrate with an ion beam. In a preferred embodiment, the deposition is carried out in the same chamber used to subsequently deposit a superconducting film over the intermediate layer. In a further aspect of the invention, the deposition of the superconducting layer over the biaxially oriented intermediate layer is also carried out by laser ablation with optional additional bombardment of the coated substrate with an ion beam during the deposition of the superconducting film.
Russo, Richard E. (Walnut Creek, CA); Reade, Ronald P. (Berkeley, CA); Garrison, Stephen M. (Palo Alto, CA); Berdahl, Paul (Oakland, CA)
Spectroscopic research on infrared emittance of coal ash deposits
This paper deals with thermal radiation characteristics of ash deposits on a pulverized coal combustion boiler of an electric power plant. Normal emittance spectra in the near to medium infrared (2.5-25 {mu}m) region and total normal emittances were measured on four kinds of ground ash deposits. Measurements were conducted in the 570-1460 K temperature range which is common for boiler furnaces, by both heating and cooling the ash samples, with the aim to study the effect of their thermal history. Dependence of emittance on wavelength, temperature and chemical composition was studied, too. Samples were tested for transparency (opacity) to verify the accuracy of results. It was determined that the thicknesses used for the ash powders are opaque for infrared radiation for thicknesses in the order of a millimeter. Tests have shown that spectral emittance increases with an increase of wavelength with a characteristic pattern common for all samples. Spectral normal emittance increases strongly with temperature at shorter wavelengths and remains high and unchanged at longer ones. Emittance spectra are not very sensitive to chemical composition of ashes especially beyond {lambda} {approx} 5 {mu}m. With an increase of temperature, total emittance of the powdered sample decreases to a minimum value around 1200 K. Further temperature rise induces an increase of total emittance due to sintering in the ash. On cooling, the emittance increases monotonically following the hysteresis. Quantitative directions for evaluating thermal radiation characteristics of ash deposits for the merits of the safety design of boiler furnaces were proposed. That comprises correlating the experimentally obtained emittance spectra with curves of simple analytical form, i.e., a continuous function of minimum emittance vs. wavelength. The proposed method can be extended to other specimens from the same furnace and used to determine correlations for thermal calculation of old and design of new furnaces - with similar geometry and combusting similar coal. The method is potentially applicable to completely different boiler furnaces combusting different coal, and the authors recommend running the tests with new deposit samples. The data will then be applicable to the thermal design of a whole new class of furnaces, having similar geometry and combusting similar coal. This is expected to greatly enhance the accuracy and precision of thermal calculation as well as the efficiency of thermal design of steam boilers. (author)
Saljnikov, Aleksandar; Komatina, Mirko; Gojak, Milan [Department of Thermomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade 35 (RS); Vucicevic, Biljana [Laboratory for Thermal Engineering, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001 (RS); Goricanec, Darko [Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, Maribor 2000 (Slovenia); Stevanovic, Zoran [Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Dusina 7, 11120 Belgrade 35 (RS)
Chemical surface deposition of ultra-thin semiconductors
A chemical surface deposition process for forming an ultra-thin semiconducting film of Group IIB-VIA compounds onto a substrate. This process eliminates particulates formed by homogeneous reactions in bath, dramatically increases the utilization of Group IIB species, and results in the formation of a dense, adherent film for thin film solar cells. The process involves applying a pre-mixed liquid coating composition containing Group IIB and Group VIA ionic species onto a preheated substrate. Heat from the substrate causes a heterogeneous reaction between the Group IIB and VIA ionic species of the liquid coating composition, thus forming a solid reaction product film on the substrate surface.
McCandless, Brian E. (243 W. Main St., Elkton, MD 21921); Shafarman, William N. (1905 N. Van Buren St., Wilmington, DE 19802)
Quantitative adhesion data for electroless nickel deposited on various substrates
This paper includes a review of the literature on quantitative adhesion of electroless nickel coatings and then presents recent ring shear quantitative data for the electroless nickel deposited on a variety of substrates. Procedures for obtaining good adhesion between electroless nickel coatings and a variety of aluminum alloys (1100, 2024, 5083, 6061 and 7075), beryllium-copper, 4340 steel, HP 9-4-20 steel, and U-0.75 Ti are outlined. In addition, data are presented on a procedure for activating electroless nickel for subsequent coating with electrodeposited nickel. 6 tables.
Dini, J.W.; Johnson, H.R.
A review of the literature on quantitative adhesion of electroless nickel coatings is given and recent ring shear quantitative data for the electroless nickel deposited on a variety of substrates are presented. Procedures for obtaining good adhesion between electroless nickel coatings and a variety of aluminum alloys (1100, 2024, 5083, 6061 and 7075), beryllium-copper, 4340 steel and HP 9-4-20 steel are outlined. In addition, data are presented on a procedure for activating electroless nickel for subsequent coating with electrodeposited nickel.
Sputter deposition of lithium silicate - lithium phosphate amorphous electrolytes
Thin films of an amorphous lithium-conducting electrolyte were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering of ceramic targets containing Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4} and Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}. The lithium content of the films was found to depend more strongly on the nature and composition of the targets than on many other sputtering parameters. For targets containing Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}, most of the lithium was found to segregate away from the sputtered area of the target. Codeposition using two sputter sources achieves a high lithium content in a controlled and reproducible film growth. 10 refs., 4 figs.
Dudney, N.J.; Bates, J.B.; Luck, C.F. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Robertson, J.D. (Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY (USA). Dept. of Chemistry)
Deposition of thin silicon layers on transferred large area graphene
Physical vapor deposition of Si onto transferred graphene is investigated. At elevated temperatures, Si nucleates preferably on wrinkles and multilayer graphene islands. In some cases, however, Si can be quasi-selectively grown only on the monolayer graphene regions while the multilayer islands remain uncovered. Experimental insights and ab initio calculations show that variations in the removal efficiency of carbon residuals after the transfer process can be responsible for this behavior. Low-temperature Si seed layer results in improved wetting and enables homogeneous growth. This is an important step towards realization of electronic devices in which graphene is embedded between two Si layers.
Lupina, Grzegorz, E-mail: email@example.com; Kitzmann, Julia; Lukosius, Mindaugas; Dabrowski, Jarek; Wolff, Andre; Mehr, Wolfgang [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany)] [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany)
Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide. SPIE Press Monograph
Zinc sulfide has shown unequaled utility for infrared windows that require a combination of long-wavelength infrared transparency, mechanical durability, and elevated-temperature performance. This book reviews the physical properties of chemical vapor deposited ZnS and their relationship to the CVD process that produced them. An in-depth look at the material microstructure is included, along with a discussion of the material's optical properties. Finally, because the CVD process itself is central to the development of this material, a brief history is presented.
McCloy, John S.; Tustison, Randal W.
Analysis of wet deposition at an urban location
Wet deposition data collected at the Detroit Edison urban site provided a clear chemical profile at this location for the period studied. Correlations of major anions with acidity indicate that decreases in pH are associated with increases in sulfates and nitrates. However, other components not measured may have a bearing on pH reductions. The differences between two locations 70 km apart were quite small on the average. Strong local source influences at the urban location were not evident in the limited data set available for study. Wind direction can help determine the ultimate origins of pollutants.
Foltman, R.A.
Unusual thermopower of inhomogeneous graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
We report on thermopower (TEP) and resistance measurements of inhomogeneous graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Unlike the conventional resistance of pristine graphene, the gate-dependent TEP shows a large electron-hole asymmetry. This can be accounted for by inhomogeneity of the CVD-graphene where individual graphene regions contribute with different TEPs. At the high magnetic field and low temperature, the TEP has large fluctuations near the Dirac point associated with the disorder in the CVD-graphene. TEP measurements reveal additional characteristics of CVD-graphene, which are difficult to obtain from the measurement of resistance alone.
Nam, Youngwoo, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Sun, Jie; Lindvall, Niclas; Yurgens, August [Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Jae Yang, Seung; Rae Park, Chong [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of); Woo Park, Yung [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747 (Korea, Republic of)
Supercritical Fluid Immersion Deposition: A New Process for Selective
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium OxideSuminDeposition of Metal Films on Silicon
MACCS2/Deposition Velocity Workshop | Department of Energy
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of Energy Power.pdf11-161-LNG | DepartmentEnergy InvitationLegaltoLizLow- LEVEL WASTEMACCS2/Deposition
Growth and characterization of lithium yttrium borate single crystals
Single crystals of 0.1% Ce doped Li{sub 6}Y(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} have been grown using the Czochralski technique. The photoluminescence study of these crystals shows a broad emission at ? 420 nm corresponding to Ce{sub 3+} emission from 5d?4f energy levels. The decay profile of this emission shows a fast response of ? 28 ns which is highly desirable for detector applications.
Singh, A. K.; Singh, S. G.; Tyagi, M.; Desai, D. G.; Sen, Shashwati [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai- 400085 (India)
aluminium borate yal: Topics by E-print Network
by spacecraft-derived debris (as have been tentatively recognized in the collector aerogel by the solar wind to > 300 kms-1 13 is also be- ing investigated, using both...
Criticality safety analysis of a borated-concrete absorber
Fuel cycle facilities use slab tanks to store fissile solutions, because these tanks have both a high volume-to-floorspace efficiency and an easily verifiable, criticality control (thickness). The results of preliminary criticality analyses using a validated computer code and cross-section library, indicate that a slab tank designed without a solid neutron absorber is not economical in view of process requirements (inventory) and space limitations (layout). A subsequent calculational study assessed the possible increase in the thickness of a single, isolated slab tank using a solid neutron absorber. Finally, an analysis was performed to evaluate the maximum slab thickness for an array of tank/absorbers. The result of these studies showed the potential for expansion of slab tank thickness. 7 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.
Funabashi, H.; Oka, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Smolen, G.R. (Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan); Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
alkali borate glasses: Topics by E-print Network
with two laser beams. In this regime, the two-photon detuning from the Raman resonance controls Yavuz, Deniz First Page Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17...
alkalinity acidity borate: Topics by E-print Network
0, 1 and 7 days of storage objectively using a... Guajardo Flores, Sara 2012-06-07 19 HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS Laboratory Evaluation of Boric Acid-Sugar Solutions as Baits...
Plasma and Ion Assistance in Physical Vapor Deposition: AHistorical Perspective
Deposition of films using plasma or plasma-assist can betraced back surprisingly far, namely to the 18th century for arcs and tothe 19th century for sputtering. However, only since the 1960s thecoatings community considered other processes than evaporation for largescale commercial use. Ion Plating was perhaps the first importantprocess, introducing vapor ionization and substrate bias to generate abeam of ions arriving on the surface of the growing film. Ratherindependently, cathodic arc deposition was established as an energeticcondensation process, first in the former Soviet Union in the 1970s, andin the 1980s in the Western Hemisphere. About a dozen various ion-basedcoating technologies evolved in the last decades, all characterized byspecific plasma or ion generation processes. Gridded and gridless ionsources were taken from space propulsion and applied to thin filmdeposition. Modeling and simulation have helped to make plasma and ionseffects to be reasonably well understood. Yet--due to the complex, oftennon-linear and non-equilibrium nature of plasma and surfaceinteractions--there is still a place for the experience plasma"sourcerer."
Anders, Andre
Formation of Cobalt Silicide Films by Ion Beam Deposition
Thin films of cobalt silicide are widely used as metallization in very large-scale integrated electronic circuits. In this study, Co ions were deposited on Si (111) wafers by a high beam current filter metal vacuum arc deposition (FMEVAD) system. Surface silicide films were formed after annealing from 500 to 700 C for 30 minutes. Cobalt depth profiles and contaminations were determined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and time-of-flight energy elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-E ERDA). The polycrystalline cobalt silicide phases formed were characterized by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The surface topography development and interfaces have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that a thin CoSi2 surface layer with both a smooth surface topography and sharp interface can be achieved by annealing at 700 C. The CoSi phase and O contamination were observed in the samples that were annealed at lower temperatures.
Zhang, Yanwen; McCready, David E.; Wang, Chong M.; Young, James S.; Mckinley, Mathew I.; Whitlow, Harry J.; Razpet, Alenka; Possnert, G�ran; Zhang, Tonghe; Wu, Yuguang
Hot-Jupiter Inflation due to Deep Energy Deposition
Some extrasolar giant planets in close orbits---"hot Jupiters"---exhibit larger radii than that of a passively cooling planet. The extreme irradiation $L_{\\rm eq}$ these hot Jupiters receive from their close in stars creates a thick isothermal layer in their envelopes, which slows down their convective cooling, allowing them to retain their inflated size for longer. This is yet insufficient to explain the observed sizes of the most inflated planets. Some models invoke an additional power source, deposited deep in the planet's envelope. Here we present an analytical model for the cooling of such irradiated, and internally heated gas giants. We show that a power source $L_{\\rm dep}$, deposited at an optical depth $\\tau_{\\rm dep}$, creates an exterior convective region, between optical depths $L_{\\rm eq}/L_{\\rm dep}$ and $\\tau_{\\rm dep}$, beyond which a thicker isothermal layer exists, which in extreme cases may extend to the center of the planet. This convective layer, which occurs only for $L_{\\rm dep}\\tau_{\\r...
Ginzburg, Sivan
Calculations of turbidite deposits and tsunamis from submarine landslides
Great underwater landslides like Storegga off the Norwegian coast leave massive deposits on the seafloor and must produce enormous tsunamis. Such events have occurred on continental slopes worldwide, and continue to do so. Triggers for such slides include earthquakes, gas hydrate releases, and underwater volcanos. We have petformed a numerical study of such landslides using the multi-material compressible hydrocode Sage in order to understand the relationship between the rheology of the slide material, the configuration of the resulting deposits on the seafloor, and the tsunami that is produced. Instabilities in the fluid-fluid mixing between slide material and seawater produce vortices and swirls with sizes that depend on the rheology of the slide material. These dynamical features of the flow may be preserved as ridges when the sliding material finally stops. Thus studying the configuration of the ridges in prehistoric slides may give us measures of the circumstances under which the slide was initiated. As part of this study, we have also done a convergence test showing that the slide velocity is sensitive to the resolution adopted in the simulation, but that extrapolation to infinite resolution is possible, and can yield good velocities. We will present two-dimensional simulations of schematic underwater slides for our study of rheology, and a three-dimensional simulation in bathymetric conditions that resemble the pre-Storegga Norwegian margin.
Gisler, Galen R [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Weaver, Robert P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gittings, Michael L [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Transpiring wall supercritical water oxidation reactor salt deposition studies
Sandia National Laboratories has teamed with Foster Wheeler Development Corp. and GenCorp, Aerojet to develop and evaluate a new supercritical water oxidation reactor design using a transpiring wall liner. In the design, pure water is injected through small pores in the liner wall to form a protective boundary layer that inhibits salt deposition and corrosion, effects that interfere with system performance. The concept was tested at Sandia on a laboratory-scale transpiring wall reactor that is a 1/4 scale model of a prototype plant being designed for the Army to destroy colored smoke and dye at Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas. During the tests, a single-phase pressurized solution of sodium sulfate (Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}) was heated to supercritical conditions, causing the salt to precipitate out as a fine solid. On-line diagnostics and post-test observation allowed us to characterize reactor performance at different flow and temperature conditions. Tests with and without the protective boundary layer demonstrated that wall transpiration provides significant protection against salt deposition. Confirmation tests were run with one of the dyes that will be processed in the Pine Bluff facility. The experimental techniques, results, and conclusions are discussed.
Haroldsen, B.L.; Mills, B.E.; Ariizumi, D.Y.; Brown, B.G. [and others
Deposition of device quality, low hydrogen content, hydrogenated amorphous silicon at high deposition rates with increased stability using the hot wire filament technique
A method or producing hydrogenated amorphous silicon on a substrate, comprising the steps of: positioning the substrate in a deposition chamber at a distance of about 0.5 to 3.0 cm from a heatable filament in the deposition chamber; maintaining a pressure in said deposition chamber in the range of about 10 to 100 millitorr and pressure times substrate-filament spacing in the range of about 10 to 100 millitorr-cm, heating the filament to a temperature in the range of about 1,500 to 2,000.degree. C., and heating the substrate to a surface temperature in the range of about 280 to 475.degree. C.; and flowing silicohydride gas into the deposition chamber with said heated filament, decomposing said silicohydride gas into silicon and hydrogen atomic species and allowing products of gas reactions between said atomic species and the silicohydride gas to migrate to and deposit on said substrate while adjusting and maintaining said pressure times substrate-filament spacing in said deposition chamber at a value in said 10 to 100 millitorr range to produce statistically about 3 to 50 atomic collisions between the silicon and hydrogen atomic species migrating to said substrate and undecomposed molecules of the silane or other silicohydride gas in the deposition chamber.
Molenbroek, Edith C. (Utrecht, NL); Mahan, Archie Harvin (Golden, CO); Gallagher, Alan C. (Louisville, CO)
Photoemission Studies of Metallic Photocathodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation Deposition Technique
We present the results of our investigation on metallic films as suitable photocathodes for the production of intense electron beams in RF photoinjector guns. Pulsed laser ablation deposition technique was used for growing Mg and Y thin films onto Si and Cu substrates in high vacuum and at room temperature.Different diagnostic methods were used to characterize the thin films deposited on Si with the aim to optimize the deposition process. Photoelectron performances were investigated on samples deposited on Cu substrate in an ultra high vacuum photodiode chamber at 10{sup -7} Pa. Relatively high quantum efficiencies have been obtained for the deposited films, comparable to those of corresponding bulks. Samples could stay for several months in humid open air before being tested in a photodiode cell. The deposition process and the role of the photocathode surface contamination and its influence on the photoelectron performances are presented and discussed.
Fasano, V.; Lorusso, A.; Perrone, A. [National Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100-Lecce (Italy); De Rosa, H. [Laboratorio de Metalografia, Dpto. Ingenieria Mecanica y Naval, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Cultrera, L. [National Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Laboratories, Frascati (Italy)
The evolution of texture during annealing of electroless Ni-Co-P deposits
The Ni-Co-P alloy deposits can be obtained from alkaline solutions over the entire range of Co compositions. The deposits with higher Co concentrations are applied to magnetic recording media and vertical magnetic recording media by adding Mn and Re. An increase in Co concentration causes a decrease in P content and increase in grain size. No study has been made of texture changes during annealing of the Ni-Co-P alloy deposits. Microstructures and crystallization of the electroless Ni-P deposits and magnetic properties and microstructures of electroless Ni-Cu-P deposits were studied by the present authors. In this paper, the evolution of texture and phase transformation behavior during annealing of the Ni-Co-P deposits have been discussed.
Lee, D.N.; Hur, K.H.
Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition
A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for preparing fiber-reinforced ceramic composites. A specially designed apparatus provides a steep thermal gradient across the thickness of a fibrous preform. A flow of gaseous ceramic matrix material is directed into the fibrous preform at the cold surface. The deposition of the matrix occurs progressively from the hot surface of the fibrous preform toward the cold surface. Such deposition prevents the surface of the fibrous preform from becoming plugged. As a result thereof, the flow of reactant matrix gases into the uninfiltrated (undeposited) portion of the fibrous preform occurs throughout the deposition process. The progressive and continuous deposition of ceramic matrix within the fibrous preform provides for a significant reduction in process time over known chemical vapor deposition processes.
Lackey, Jr., Walter J. (Oak Ridge, TN); Caputo, Anthony J. (Knoxville, TN)
Recommended Tritium Oxide Deposition Velocity For Use In Savannah River Site Safety Analyses
This report documents the results of examining the deposition velocity of water to forests, the residence time of HTO in forests, and the relation between deposition velocity and residence time with specific consideration given to the topography and experimental work performed at SRS. A simple mechanistic model is used to obtain plausible deposition velocity and residence time values where experimental data are not available and recommendations are made for practical application in a safety analysis model.
Lee, P. L.; Murphy, C. E.; Viner, B. J.; Hunter, C. H.
An apparatus for fabricating thin film materials utilizing high speed gas dynamics relies on supersonic free jets of carrier gas to transport depositing vapor species generated in a microwave discharge to the surface of a prepared substrate where the vapor deposits to form a thin film. The present invention generates high rates of deposition and thin films of unforeseen high quality at low temperatures. 5 figures.
Schmitt, J.J. III; Halpern, B.L.
Society for Geology Applied to Ore Deposits GENEVA MINERALS: Industry and Academia
Society for Geology Applied to Ore Deposits GENEVA MINERALS: Industry and Academia Creating links Tripodi, Vanga Resources, Geneva � A student view of economic geology. Honza Catchpole, President
Halazonetis, Thanos
Solar-induced chemical vapor deposition of diamond-type carbon films
An improved chemical vapor deposition method for depositing transparent continuous coatings of sp[sup 3]-bonded diamond-type carbon films, comprises: (a) providing a volatile hydrocarbon gas/H[sub 2] reactant mixture in a cold wall vacuum/chemical vapor deposition chamber containing a suitable substrate for said films, at pressure of about 1 to 50 Torr; and (b) directing a concentrated solar flux of from about 40 to about 60 watts/cm[sup 2] through said reactant mixture to produce substrate temperatures of about 750 C to about 950 C to activate deposition of the film on said substrate. 11 figs.
Pitts, J.R.; Tracy, C.E.; King, D.E.; Stanley, J.T.
Physical properties of erbium implanted tungsten oxide films deposited by reactive dual magnetron sputtering
of erbium implanted tungsten oxide films deposited byDual magnetron sputtering; tungsten oxide films; Er ionoptical waveguides [3,5]. Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) thin films
Mohamed, Sodky H.; Anders, Andre
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric deposition Sample Search Results
5 Chapter 2: Sources and Deposition of Trace Metals 2.1 Main Sources of Atmospheric Pollution...7 Summary: 5 Chapter 2: Sources and...
Local Measurement of Fuel Energy Deposition and Heat Transfer Environment During Fuel Lifetime Using Controlled Calorimetry
A comprehensive description of the accomplishments of the DOE grant titled, ''Local Measurement of Fuel Energy Deposition and Heat Transfer Environment During Fuel Lifetime using Controlled Calorimetry''.
Don W. Miller; Andrew Kauffmann; Eric Kreidler; Dongxu Li; Hanying Liu; Daniel Mills; Thomas D. Radcliff; Joseph Talnagi
An improved chemical vapor deposition method for depositing transparent continuous coatings of sp.sup.3 -bonded diamond-type carbon films, comprising: a) providing a volatile hydrocarbon gas/H.sub.2 reactant mixture in a cold wall vacuum/chemical vapor deposition chamber containing a suitable substrate for said films, at pressure of about 1 to 50 Torr; and b) directing a concentrated solar flux of from about 40 to about 60 watts/cm.sup.2 through said reactant mixture to produce substrate temperatures of about 750.degree. C. to about 950.degree. C. to activate deposition of the film on said substrate.
Pitts, J. Roland (Lakewood, CO); Tracy, C. Edwin (Golden, CO); King, David E. (Lakewood, CO); Stanley, James T. (Beaverton, OR)
E-Print Network 3.0 - alluvial fan deposits Sample Search Results
FANS: THE VENEZUELA DEBRIS FLOW AND FLASH FLOOD DISASTER Summary: and flood hazard sediment deposition in an alluvial fan on alluvial fans extremely dangerous. channel... ) in...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric deposition resuspension Sample...
results for: atmospheric deposition resuspension Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 The sediment resuspension event scours dissolved phase contaminants from the water column. As a...
Accretion, Sediment Deposition and Suspended Sediment Dynamics in Mugu Lagoon, a Southern California Coastal Estuary
creek and marsh stratum on sediment deposition. Error barsBorgnis. 2009. Dynamics of sediment accumulation in Pond A21Vegetation on Suspended Sediment, Yangtze Delta. Journal of
Rosencranz, Jordan Alexander
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric plasma deposition Sample Search...
plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition CVD . Both processes gave films... and optoelectronics.3 Recently, the low temperature 400 C atmospheric pressure chemical vapor...
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid deposition forest Sample Search Results
upland areas (occult deposition). The acid pollutants may also... through to the soil by rainwater. ... Source: Forest Research Agency of the UK Forestry Commission Collection:...
DIRECT DEPOSIT INFORMATION FORM FOR TRADE VENDORS Dalhousie University, Financial Services
DIRECT DEPOSIT INFORMATION FORM FOR TRADE VENDORS TO: Dalhousie University, Financial Services ATTN) Vendor Representative Name Vendor Representative Signature Title Phone Number Date finance
Brownstone, Rob
E-Print Network 3.0 - arc vapor deposition Sample Search Results
has been produced... al Vaporization and melting of materials in fusion devices 325 ENERGY DEPOSITED (Jcm21 Figure 3... VAPORIZATION AND MELTING OF MATERIALS IN FUSION...
Influence of Mississippian Karst Topography on Deposition of the Cherokee Group: Ness County, Kansas.
??The Cherokee Group (Desmoinesian, Middle Pennsylvanian) of Ness County, Kansas was deposited on the western flank of the Central Kansas uplift. Eleven lithofacies were defined� (more)
Ramaker, Benjamin J.
Preparation of membranes using solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in-situ polymerization
A system of fabricating a composite membrane from a membrane substrate using solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in-situ polymerization. A first monomer and a second monomer are directed into a mixing chamber in a deposition chamber. The first monomer and the second monomer are mixed in the mixing chamber providing a mixed first monomer and second monomer. The mixed first monomer and second monomer are solvent-less vapor deposited onto the membrane substrate in the deposition chamber. The membrane substrate and the mixed first monomer and second monomer are heated to produce in-situ polymerization and provide the composite membrane.
O'Brien, Kevin C. (San Ramon, CA); Letts, Stephan A. (San Ramon, CA); Spadaccini, Christopher M. (Oakland, CA); Morse, Jeffrey C. (Pleasant Hill, CA); Buckley, Steven R. (Modesto, CA); Fischer, Larry E. (Los Gatos, CA); Wilson, Keith B. (San Ramon, CA)
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanowires Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition.
??Various metal silicide and germanide magnetic nanowires were synthesized using a home-built CVD [chemical vapor deposition] system. The morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of the� (more)
Tang, Siwei
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric pb deposition Sample Search...
of Atmospheric Pollution... 6 2.0 Sources and Deposition of Trace Metals Trace elements enter the atmosphere via both natural... ANTHROPOGENICNATURAL 12;Chapter 2: Sources and...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric bulk deposition Sample Search...
Vehicle Technologies Office Merit Review 2014: Atomic Layer Deposition for Stabilization of Silicon Anodes
Presentation given by NREL at 2014 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting about atomic layer deposition for...
Cu2Sb thin film electrodes prepared by pulsed laser deposition f or lithium batteries
Laser Deposition for Lithium Batteries Seung-Wan Song, a, *in rechargeable lithium batteries. Introduction Sb-in rechargeable lithium batteries. Two advantages of
Song, Seung-Wan; Reade, Ronald P.; Cairns, Elton J.; Vaughey, Jack T.; Thackeray, Michael M.; Striebel, Kathryn A.
E-Print Network 3.0 - assisted deposition method Sample Search...
the individual deposit compositions within a stepped material... the effects of LENS processing parameters on dilution in simple, single-layer ... Source: DuPont, John N. -...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric deposition program Sample Search...
and atmospheric deposition. It is removed via N2... discharges from wastewater treatment, atmospheric ... Source: Pedersen, Tom - Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions,...
Chrome Deposit Corporation and the University of Delaware IAC: Another Energy Efficiency Success Story
Following an Energy Savings Assessment conducted by the University of Delaware's Industrial Assessment Center, Chrome Deposit Corporation's Newark, DE plant is seeing significant energy savings.
Chemical vapor deposition of organosilicon composite thin films for porous low-k dielectrics
Pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition has produced organosilicon thin films with the potential use as low dielectric constant interconnect materials in microelectronic circuits. Both diethylsilane and ...
Ross, April Denise, 1977-
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric deposition nutrient Sample...
Summary: - Cations (Ca+, Mg+, K+ , ...) - Micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, ...) Water Organisms need: Atmosphere... photosynthesis) Atmosphere (SO4 2- wet deposition)...
A Study Of Scale Deposition- An Analogue Of Meso- To Epithermal...
scale deposition were measured during different test times and analyses made on the chemistry and mineralogy of scales from the Milos plant; the results indicate that the rates...
E-Print Network 3.0 - amyloid fibrils deposited Sample Search...
search results for: amyloid fibrils deposited Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Energy Landscape Theory for Alzheimer's Amyloid -Peptide Fibril Elongation Summary: experiments on...
alluvial basin-fill deposits: Topics by E-print Network
facies changes that result (more) Turner, Alexandre Marcel 2014-01-01 74 A Radon Progeny Deposition Model Nuclear Experiment (arXiv) Summary: The next generation...
Transmission electron microscopy of whiskers and hillocks formed on Al films deposited onto a glass
Whiskers and hillocks formed on an Al film deposited onto a glass substrate have been observed by means of a variety of transmission electron microscopy technique.
Saka, H.; Fujino, S.; Kuroda, K. [Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01 (Japan); Tsujimoto, K.; Tsuji, S. [Display Technology, IBM Japan, Ltd., Shimotsuruma, Yamato, Kanagawa 242 (Japan); Takatsuji, H. [Display Technology, IBM Japan, Ltd., Ichimiyake, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520-23 (Japan)
E-Print Network 3.0 - ash deposits part Sample Search Results
of Reading Collection: Geosciences 24 Research Summary RECOAL: Reintegration of coal ash disposal sites and mitigation Summary: being used for coal ash deposits....
E-Print Network 3.0 - acidic deposition state Sample Search Results
Nicholas J. - Department of Chemistry, Columbia University Collection: Chemistry 11 geology and Ranger 1 open-pit uranium mine in Australia Summary: deposits are formed....
Stratigraphy of the PB-1 well, Nopal I uranium deposit, Sierra Pena Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico
P.C. , 1981, Geology of the Pe�a Blanca uranium deposits,uranium mineralizations in the Sierra Pe�a Blanca district, Chihuahua, Mexico: Three genetic models: Economic Geology,
Dobson, P.
E-Print Network 3.0 - acid deposition model Sample Search Results
Life Sciences, Arizona State University Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology 17 geology and Ranger 1 open-pit uranium mine in Australia Summary: deposits are formed....
Properties of zirconia thin films deposited by laser ablation
Zirconia thin films have been deposited by laser ablation of a ceramic ZrO{sub 2} target in vacuum or in oxygen background at 0.01 mbar. The laser beam generated by an ArF laser (?=193 nm, ?=40 Hz) has been focalized on the target through a spherical lens at an incident angle of 45�. The laser fluence has been established to a value from 2.0 to 3.4 Jcm{sup ?2}. A silicon (100) substrate has been placed parallel to the target, at a distance of 4 cm, and subsequently has been heated to temperatures ranging between 300 �C and 600 �C. Thin films morphology has been characterized by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Biocompatibility of these thin films has been assessed by studying the cell attachment of L929 mouse fibroblasts.
Cancea, V. N. [Department of Physics, University of Craiova, Craiova 200585 (Romania); Filipescu, M.; Colceag, D.; Dinescu, M. [Department of Lasers, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele 077125 (Romania); Mustaciosu, C. [Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Bucharest (Romania)
Electroless deposition process for zirconium and zirconium alloys
A method is disclosed for preventing stress corrosion cracking or metal embrittlement of a zirconium or zirconium alloy container that is to be coated on the inside surface with a layer of a metal such as copper, a copper alloy, nickel, or iron and used for holding nuclear fuel material as a nuclear fuel element. The zirconium material is etched in an etchant solution, desmutted mechanically or ultrasonically, oxidized to form an oxide coating on the zirconium, cleaned in an aqueous alkaline cleaning solution, activated for electroless deposition of a metal layer and contacted with an electroless metal plating solution. This method provides a boundary layer of zirconium oxide between the zirconium container and the metal layer.
Donaghy, Robert E. (Wilmington, NC); Sherman, Anna H. (Wilmington, NC)
A method is disclosed for preventing stress corrosion cracking or metal embrittlement of a zirconium or zirconium alloy container that is to be coated on the inside surface with a layer of a metal such as copper, a copper alloy, nickel, or iron and used for holding nuclear fuel material as a nuclear fuel element. The zirconium material is etched in an etchant solution, desmutted mechanically or ultrasonically, oxidized to form an oxide coating on the zirconium, cleaned in an aqueous alkaline cleaning solution, activated for electroless deposition of a metal layer and contacted with an electroless metal plating solution. This method provides a boundary layer of zirconium oxide between the zirconium container and the metal layer. 1 fig.
Donaghy, R. E.; Sherman, A. H.
Strain relaxation in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
The growth of single layer graphene by chemical vapor deposition on polycrystalline Cu substrates induces large internal biaxial compressive strain due to thermal expansion mismatch. Raman backscattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the strain relaxation during and after the transfer process from Cu foil to SiO{sub 2}. Interestingly, the growth of graphene results in a pronounced ripple structure on the Cu substrate that is indicative of strain relaxation of about 0.76% during the cooling from the growth temperature. Removing graphene from the Cu substrates and transferring it to SiO{sub 2} results in a shift of the 2D phonon line by 27?cm{sup ?1} to lower frequencies. This translates into additional strain relaxation. The influence of the processing steps, used etching solution and solvents on strain, is investigated.
Troppenz, Gerald V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Gluba, Marc A.; Kraft, Marco; Rappich, J�rg; Nickel, Norbert H. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f�r Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institut f�r Silizium Photovoltaik, Kekul�str. 5, D-12489 Berlin (Germany)
Energy deposition studies for the LBNE beam absorber
Results of detailed Monte Carlo energy deposition studies performed for the LBNE absorber core and the surrounding shielding with the MARS15 code are described. The model of the entire facility, that includes a pion-production target, focusing horns, target chase, decay channel, hadron absorber system -- all with corresponding radiation shielding -- was developed using the recently implemented ROOT-based geometry option in the MARS15 code. This option provides substantial flexibility and automation when developing complex geometry models. Both normal operation and accidental conditions were studied. Various design options were considered, in particular the following: (i) filling the decay pipe with air or helium; (ii) the absorber mask material and shape; (iii) the beam spoiler material and size. Results of detailed thermal calculations with the ANSYS code helped to select the most viable absorber design options.
Rakhno, Igor L; Tropin, Igor S
Field emission properties of chemical vapor deposited individual graphene
Here, we report field emission (FE) properties of a chemical vapor deposited individual graphene investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Free-standing bilayer graphene is mounted on a cathode microprobe and FE processes are investigated varying the vacuum gap of cathode and anode. The threshold field for 10?nA current were found to be 515, 610, and 870?V/?m for vacuum gap of 400, 300, and 200?nm, respectively. It is observed that the structural stability of a high quality bilayer graphene is considerably stable during emission process. By contacting the nanoprobe with graphene and applying a bias voltage, structural deformation and buckling are observed with significant rise in temperature owing to Joule heating effect. The finding can be significant for practical application of graphene related materials in emitter based devices as well as understanding the contact resistance influence and heating effect.
Zamri Yusop, Mohd [Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8555 Nagoya (Japan); Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor (Malaysia); Kalita, Golap, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8555 Nagoya (Japan); Center for Fostering Young and Innovative Researchers, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8555 Nagoya (Japan); Yaakob, Yazid; Takahashi, Chisato; Tanemura, Masaki [Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8555 Nagoya (Japan)
Heteroepitaxial Growth of NSMO on Silicon by Pulsed Laser Deposition
The following is the optimized pulsed laser deposition (PLD) procedure by which we prepared the final samples that were sent to LLNL. These samples are epitaxial multilayer structures of Si/YSZ/CeO/NSMO, where the abbreviations are explained in the following table. In this heterostructure, YSZ serves as a buffer layer to prevent deleterious chemical reactions, and also serves to de-oxygenate the amorphous SiO{sub 2} layer to generate a crystalline template for epitaxy. CeO and BTO serve as template layers to minimize the effects of thermal and lattice mismatch strains, respectively. More details on the buffer and template layer scheme are included in the manuscript [Yong et al., 2008] attached to this report.
Kolagani, R; Friedrich, S
Scale and deposits in high-heat-rejection engines
Scaling under conditions very similar to those of a heavy-duty diesel engine cooling system was investigated using a newly designed, versatile test stand. The parameters included flow rate, heat flux, hardness, along with bulk fluid temperatures. The hot surface temperature, a critical parameter, was also measured. Results were interpreted in terms of the conditions in the boundary layer at the hot surface. Critical values of flow rate and heat flux existed for scaling under experimental conditions. A quantitative relationship of scale with heat flux and hardness was observed. Deposits produced from testing of different types of commercial coolants, including phosphate based and nonphosphate bases, were measured and compared with results from simple beaker tests.
Chen, Y.S.; Kershisnik, E.I. [Dober Group, Glenwood, IL (United States); Hudgens, R.D. [Fleetguard, Inc., Cookeville, TN (United States); Corbeels, C.L.; Zehr, R.L. [Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN (United States)
Libya, Algeria and Egypt: crude oil potential from known deposits
An analysis is presented of the discovered crude oil resources, reserves, and estimated annual production from known fields of the Republics of Libya, Algeria, and Egypt. Proved reserves are defined as the remaining producible oil as of a specified date under operating practice in effect at that time and include estimated recoverable oil in undrilled portions of a given structure or structures. Also included in the proved reserve category are the estimated indicated additional volumes of recoverable oil from the entire oil reservoir where fluid injection programs have been started in a portion, or portions, of the reservoir. The indicated additional reserves (probable reserves) reported herein are the volumes of crude oil that might be obtained with the installation of secondary recovery or pressure maintenance operations in reservoirs where none have been previously installed. The sum of cumulative production, proved reserves, and probable reserves is defined as the ultimate oil recovery from known deposits; and resources are defined as the original oil in place (OOIP). An assessment was made of the availability of crude oil under three assumed sustained production rates for each country; an assessment was also made of each country's capability of sustaining production at, or near, the 1980 rates assuming different limiting reserve to production ratios. Also included is an estimate of the potential maximum producing capability from known deposits that might be obtained from known accumulations under certain assumptions, using a simple time series approach. The theoretical maximum oil production capability from known fields at any time is the maximum deliverability rate assuming there are no equipment, investment, market, or political constraints.
Dietzman, W.D.; Rafidi, N.R.; Ross, T.A.
Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation
Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas-turbine engines afford higher operating temperatures, resulting in enhanced efficiencies and performance. However, in the case of syngas-fired engines, fly ash particulate impurities that may be present in syngas can melt on the hotter TBC surfaces and form glassy deposits. These deposits can penetrate the TBCs leading to their failure. In experiments using lignite fly ash to simulate these conditions we show that conventional TBCs of composition 93wt% ZrO{sub 2} + 7wt% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} (7YSZ) fabricated using the air plasma spray (APS) process are completely destroyed by the molten fly ash. The molten fly ash is found to penetrate the full thickness of the TBC. The mechanisms by which this occurs appear to be similar to those observed in degradation of 7YSZ TBCs by molten calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) sand and by molten volcanic ash in aircraft engines. In contrast, APS TBCs of Gd{sub 2Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} composition are highly resistant to attack by molten lignite fly ash under identical conditions, where the molten ash penetrates ~25% of TBC thickness. This damage mitigation appears to be due to the formation of an impervious, stable crystalline layer at the fly ash/Gd{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} TBC interface arresting the penetrating moltenfly- ash front. Additionally, these TBCs were tested using a rig with thermal gradient and simultaneous accumulation of ash. Modeling using an established mechanics model has been performed to illustrate the modes of delamination, as well as further opportunities to optimize coating microstructure. Transfer of the technology was developed in this program to all interested parties.
Nitin Padture
Impact of titanium addition on film characteristics of HfO{sub 2} gate dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition
The impact of 8-to 45-at. % Ti on physical and electrical characteristics of atomic-layer-deposited and annealed hafnium dioxide was studied using vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray reflectometry. The role of Ti addition on the electrical performance is investigated using molybdenum (Mo)-gated capacitors. The film density decreases with increasing Ti addition. Ti addition stabilizes the amorphous phase of HfO{sub 2}, resulting in amorphous films as deposited. After a high-temperature annealing, the films transition from an amorphous to a polycrystalline phase. Orthorhombic Hf-Ti-O peaks are detected in polycrystalline films containing 33-at. % or higher Ti content. As Ti content is decreased, monoclinic HfO{sub 2} becomes the predominant microstructure. No TiSi is formed at the dielectric/Si interface, indicating films with good thermal stability. The band gap of Hf-Ti-O was found to be lower than that of HfO{sub 2}. Well-behaved capacitance-voltage and leakage current density-voltage characteristics were obtained for Hf-Ti-O. However, an increased leakage current density was observed with Ti addition. The data from capacitance-voltage stressing indicate a smaller flatband voltage (V{sub fb}) shift in the HfO{sub 2} films with low Ti content when compared with the HfO{sub 2} films. This indicates less charge trapping with a small amount of Ti addition.
Triyoso, D.H.; Hegde, R.I.; Zollner, S.; Ramon, M.E.; Kalpat, S.; Gregory, R.; Wang, X.-D.; Jiang, J.; Raymond, M.; Rai, R.; Werho, D.; Roan, D.; White, B.E. Jr.; Tobin, P.J. [Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Advanced Products Research and Development Laboratory, 3501 Ed Bluestein Boulevard, Austin, Texas 78721 (United States)
Nano-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} multilayer film deposition on cotton fabrics by layer-by-layer deposition method
Highlights: {yields} Cationic charges were created on the cotton fibre surfaces with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. {yields} Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles were deposited on the cotton fabrics by layer-by-layer deposition. {yields} The fabrics deposited with the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles exhibit better UV-protection and significant flame retardancy properties. {yields} The mechanical properties were improved after surface film deposition. -- Abstract: Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles were used for fabrication of multilayer nanocomposite film deposition on cationic cotton fabrics by electrostatic self-assembly to improve the mechanical, UV-protection and flame retardancy properties of cotton fabrics. Cotton fabric surface was modified with a chemical reaction to build-up cationic charge known as cationization. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to verify the presence of deposited nanolayers. Air permeability, whiteness value, tensile strength, UV-transmittance and Limited Oxygen Index properties of cotton fabrics were analyzed before and after the treatment of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles by electrostatic self-assemblies. It was proved that the flame retardancy, tensile strength and UV-transmittance of cotton fabrics can be improved by Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticle additive through electrostatic self-assembly process.
Ugur, Sule S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Textile Engineering, Sueleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260 (Turkey); Sariisik, Merih [Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eyluel University, Izmir 35160 (Turkey)] [Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eyluel University, Izmir 35160 (Turkey); Aktas, A. Hakan [Department of Chemistry, Sueleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260 (Turkey)] [Department of Chemistry, Sueleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260 (Turkey)
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes grown by vapor deposition techniques Pascal Brault*
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes grown by vapor deposition techniques Pascal Brault Abstract: Polymer fuel cell electrode growth using vapor deposition techniques is reviewed. The supports process: sputtering, CVD, PECVD, MOCVD. In each case, up-to-date fuel cell performances are highlighted
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Influence of the thermophoresis on aerosol deposition on warm urban surfaces P. Roupsard1
.firstname.lastname@example.com In the case of an accidental or chronic atmospheric pollution by a nuclear plant, aerosols' deposition in the radioactive plume on urban areas with the smallest uncertainties. In this case, deposition must be determined locally in urban canopy. In dry atmospheric conditions, transfer coefficients are defined by the dry
Fabrication of inverted opal ZnO photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition
Fabrication of inverted opal ZnO photonic crystals by atomic layer deposition M. Scharrer, X. Wu, A method to fabricate so-called "inverted opal" structures which have the long-range order, high filling into opal or inverted opal backbones.3,5,13,14 Recently, atomic layer deposition ALD has been pro- posed
Energy deposition by Alfven waves into the dayside auroral oval: Cluster and FAST observations
Energy deposition by Alfve´n waves into the dayside auroral oval: Cluster and FAST observations C observations from the Cluster and FAST spacecraft showing the deposition of energy into the auroral ionosphere from broadband ULF waves in the cusp and low-latitude boundary layer. A comparison of the wave Poynting
Chemical vapor deposition of W-Si-N and W-B-N
A method of depositing a ternary, refractory based thin film on a substrate by chemical vapor deposition employing precursor sources of tungsten comprising WF.sub.6, either silicon or boron, and nitrogen. The result is a W--Si--N or W--B--N thin film useful for diffusion barrier and micromachining applications.
Fleming, James G. (Albuquerque, NM); Roherty-Osmun, Elizabeth Lynn (Albuquerque, NM); Smith, Paul M. (Albuquerque, NM); Custer, Jonathan S. (Albuquerque, NM); Jones, Ronald V. (Albuquerque, NM); Nicolet, Marc-A. (Pasadena, CA); Madar, Roland (Eybens, FR); Bernard, Claude (Brie et Angonnes, FR)
A method of depositing a ternary, refractory based thin film on a substrate by chemical vapor deposition employing precursor sources of tungsten comprising WF[sub 6], either silicon or boron, and nitrogen. The result is a W-Si-N or W-B-N thin film useful for diffusion barrier and micromachining applications. 10 figs.
Fleming, J.G.; Roherty-Osmun, E.L.; Smith, P.M.; Custer, J.S.; Jones, R.V.; Nicolet, M.; Madar, R.; Bernard, C.
Lithium phosphorous oxynitride films synthesized by a plasma-assisted directed vapor deposition approach
Lithium phosphorous oxynitride films synthesized by a plasma-assisted directed vapor deposition vapor deposition approach has been explored for the synthesis of lithium phosphorous oxynitride Lipon the ionic transport properties of these films. This enabled the synthesis of electrolyte films with lithium
Wadley, Haydn
Polarization Dependence of Palladium Deposition on Ferroelectric Lithium Niobate (0001) Surfaces
,3�5]. These polarization dependent differences in intrinsic sur- face properties also affect their interactions with adsorPolarization Dependence of Palladium Deposition on Ferroelectric Lithium Niobate (0001) Surfaces on the geometric properties of Pd deposited on the positive and negative surfaces of LiNbO3 (0001). We predict
Rappe, Andrew M.
PPPL-3270, Reprint: October 1997, UC-420, 421, 423 Development of Lithium Deposition Techniques for TFTR*
and operational options. Two additional lithium deposition tools were developed for p o s s i b l e application during the 1996 Experimental Schedule: a solid lithium target probe for real-time deposition interesting experimental and operational options. This motivated developmental work on two additional lithium
Field Metabolic Rate and PCB Adipose Tissue Deposition Efficiency in East Greenland Polar Bears Derived from
Field Metabolic Rate and PCB Adipose Tissue Deposition Efficiency in East Greenland Polar Bears metabolic rates (FMR) and CB153 deposition efficiencies in East Greenland polar bears. Our simulations Greenland polar bears. Citation: Pavlova V, Nabe-Nielsen J, Dietz R, Svenning J-C, Vorkamp K, et al. (2014
Schierup, Mikkel Heide
Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 38813897 Field measurements of desert dust deposition in Libya
Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 38813897 Field measurements of desert dust deposition in Libya-based dust monitoring study of three zones across Libya, ranging from the Mediterranean coast to the Sahara studies in North Africa shows that areas of Libya have the highest dust deposition rates on record. r 2006
LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION OF ELECTROCHROMIC THIN FILMS T. J. Richardson and M. D. Rubin
1 LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION OF ELECTROCHROMIC THIN FILMS T. J. Richardson and M. D. Rubin electrochromism with high coloration efficiencies. These nickel oxide films were particularly stable compared, and readily scalable to larger substrates. Keywords: liquid phase deposition; electrochromic films; thin film
Ambipolar silicon nanowire FETs with stenciled-deposited metal gate Davide Sacchetto
Ambipolar silicon nanowire FETs with stenciled-deposited metal gate Davide Sacchetto , Veronica Keywords: Schottky barrier Ambipolarity Si nanowire Stencil lithography FET Silicide a b s t r a c t We chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of amorphous Si (a-Si) and SiO2 layers as well as metal gate patterning
De Micheli, Giovanni
Phase Transformations in Pulsed Laser Deposited Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Thin Films
Phase Transformations in Pulsed Laser Deposited Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Thin Films Haiyan Fan associated with high pressure. Kaplan et al. found this phase in films grown by deposition of ionized tin. In another study, Shek et al. ob- served o-SnO2 when tin particles with an average size of 6 nm were oxidized
Reid, Scott A.
Low temperature junction growth using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition
A system and a process for forming a semi-conductor device, and solar cells (10) formed thereby. The process includes preparing a substrate (12) for deposition of a junction layer (14); forming the junction layer (14) on the substrate (12) using hot wire chemical vapor deposition; and, finishing the semi-conductor device.
Wang, Qi; Page, Matthew; Iwaniczko, Eugene; Wang, Tihu; Yan, Yanfa
Chitosan --a Biomaterial Interface that can be Selectively Deposited onto Micropatterned
Fernandes (CBR, UMBI) Dr. Reza Ghodssi Mark J. Kastantin (Electrical Engineering, UMCP) Sheng Li Dr. Anand P Behavior - pH-Dependent Solubility Electrochemical Deposition Soluble Insoluble O OH NH2HO O O OH NH2HO O nn O OH NH3HO O O OH NH3HO O + 2n H+ Chitosan: An Interface Material #12;Electrochemical Deposition
Direct Modeling of Material Deposit and Identification of Energy Transfer in Gas Metal Arc Welding
Direct Modeling of Material Deposit and Identification of Energy Transfer in Gas Metal Arc Welding sources for finite element simulation of gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Design for the modeling of metal deposition results in a direct calculation of the formation of the weld bead, without any
Development of a spatially controllable chemical vapor deposition reactor with combinatorial processing capabilities
Development of a spatially controllable chemical vapor deposition reactor with combinatorial these limitations, a novel CVD reactor system has been developed that can explicitly control the spatial profile flexibility, we introduced a new CVD reactor concept that enables control of film deposition characteristics
Towards new binary compounds: Synthesis of amorphous phosphorus carbide by pulsed laser deposition
Towards new binary compounds: Synthesis of amorphous phosphorus carbide by pulsed laser deposition Available online 28 November 2012 Keywords: Phosphorus carbide Pulsed laser deposition X-ray photoelectron possible crystal structures of the as yet unknown phosphorus carbide as a function of composition
Partitioning of bacterial communities between travertine depositional facies at Mammoth Hot
flow of spring water from the high-temperature to low-temperature facies. These results suggest of depositional facies models that correlate (1) the depth, velocity, temperature, and chemistry of waterPartitioning of bacterial communities between travertine depositional facies at Mammoth Hot Springs
Fouke, Bruce W.
DEPOSITION OF FUEL PELLETS INJECTED INTO TOKAMAK PLASMAS Larry R. Baylor, T. C. Jernigan C. Hsieh
DEPOSITION OF FUEL PELLETS INJECTED INTO TOKAMAK PLASMAS Larry R. Baylor, T. C. Jernigan C. Hsieh Diego, CA 92138 (423) 574-1164 (619) 455- 4491 ABSTRACT Pellet injection has been used on tokamak deposition of these fuel pellets, defined as the change in density profile caused by the pellet, has been
Low temperature chemical vapor deposition of Co thin films from Co2(CO)8
Low temperature chemical vapor deposition of Co thin films from Co2(CO)8 D.-X. Yea,*, S. Pimanpanga chemical vapor deposition with a metallorganic Co2(CO)8 precursor. After Ar sputtering of the surface, Co2(CO)8, has been extensively used in cobalt CVD and is attractive, since Co is in its elemental
Wang, Gwo-Ching
Long-term records of atmospheric deposition of mercury in peat cores
Long-term records of atmospheric deposition of mercury in peat cores from Arctic, and comparisonD dissertation February 2004 #12;Long-term records of atmospheric deposition of mercury in peat cores from Arctic in southern Ontario recorded by peat cores from three bogs: comparison with natural "background" values (past
Tunneling characteristics in chemical vapor deposited graphene hexagonal boron nitride graphene junctions
1 Tunneling characteristics in chemical vapor deposited graphene hexagonal boron nitride graphene junctions T. Roy1 , L. Liu2 , S. de la Barrera,3 B. Chakrabarti1,4 , Z. R. Hesabi1 , C. A. Joiner1 Abstract: Large area chemical vapor deposited graphene and hexagonal boron nitride was used to fabricate
Feenstra, Randall
Computational Analysis and Optimization of a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor with
Computational Analysis and Optimization of a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor with Large and optimization of a three- dimensional model of a horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor used National Laboratories February 9, 2004 Abstract A computational analysis and optimization is presented
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A HIGH PRESSURE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION REACTOR K.J. BACHMANN of computer simulations as an optimal design tool which lessens the costs in time and effort in experimental vapor deposition (HPOMCVD) reactor for use in thin film crystal growth. The advantages of such a reactor
On the optimization of a dc arcjet diamond chemical vapor deposition reactor
On the optimization of a dc arcjet diamond chemical vapor deposition reactor S. W. Reevea) and W. A precursor in our dc arcjet reactor.1 Based on conclusions drawn from that work, an optimization strategy diamond film growth in a dc arcjet chemical vapor deposition reactor has been developed. Introducing
Thermodynamic analysis and growth of ZrO2 by chloride chemical vapor deposition
reaction [9�12], and simple chamber designs (e.g., vertical, cold-wall, axisymmetric chamber) to deposit flow injector can be used. A stagnation plane flow injector (for vertical, cold-wall CVD chambers homogeneous nucleation and/ or reactor wall deposition. For example, Holstein [17] de- monstrated that at high
Anderson, Timothy J.
are the consequences of this exposure? An analysis and discussion of the effects of dioxin contamination in LakeThe Transport and Deposition of Dioxin to Lake Michigan: A Case Study Mark Cohen NOAA Air Resources, data on the atmospheric deposition of dioxin to Lake Michigan are presented and discussed. Included
Traveling Fronts of Copper Deposition Stephanie Thouvenel-Romans, Konstantin Agladze, and Oliver Steinbock*
Traveling Fronts of Copper Deposition Stephanie Thouvenel-Romans, Konstantin Agladze, and Oliver for propagating fronts that mediate the electroless deposition of copper on passivated steel. Under ap- propriate is essentially independent from the copper(II) concentration in the electrolyte, which indicates
Steinbock, Oliver
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