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Forum - View topicAbout FUNimation's end credits.
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Ryo Hazuki
Posts: 272
Location: Finland
I don't know about Japanese releases, but in Finland the Finnish dubbers are credited last.
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Enjoying the time of EVE
Posts: 7098
Location: Minnesota, USA
Seriously? Credit order? This is a 4 page long thread?
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Posts: 180
Location: Toronto, Canada
Well Finland never contributed anything significant to the world anyway so that country doesn't count I kid I jk I'm still curious about the Japanese release though. I guess it depends more on the company.
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Posts: 2860
Location: Now in Great Lakes region
And it does not help that you have contributed to its length!
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Posts: 1897
FUNimation still does, that is. Most other companies have just started switching over to the Japanese audio for those scenes (such as in K-on! or The World God Only Knows).
Although I did notice in the recent Tiger & Bunny dub premiere that Kari Wahlgren did in fact dub Blue Rose's song.
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Enjoying the time of EVE
Posts: 7098
Location: Minnesota, USA
True, but this thread was in dire need a facepalm image and another injection of reason.
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Bargain Hunter
Posts: 631
Location: Body:Santa Barbara, CA ~ Heart:New Orleans, LA
I know I'm a couple of days behind but; regardless of whatever language the audio track is, the product is still Japanese to its very core. Remember, audio isn't an essential or necessary feature of a work, for it to be considered "anime". (i.e. the oldest known anime was a silent two-minute film first screened in 1917). [1]. So, unless the actual footage is "localized" (see 4Kids), then the "product" hasn't really been "localized".
Perhaps if the companies were to place the credits in order relative to the audio track (e.g on the English track, the Americans credits go first, and the on the Japanese, their credits go first). However, switching audio tracks doesn't produce that effect. Since the Japanese are the sole reason for the existence of the product, they should be credited first.
In all fairness, though, much of what I've seen from Sentai actually credits the Japanese twice; the original staff in Kana and then the English and Japanese credits over a black back drop, generally with the Japanese ran first.
Still, the issue isn't really that significant.
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Posts: 232
Location: Neo Toronto, Neo Canada
Anime=/= cartoons ONLY from Japan. You do realise that, don't you? If we're to be technical, the first anime as a WHOLE is Fantasmagorie. The first continuous anime was Steamboat Willie and the first continuous Japanese anime was Momotarō: Umi no Shinpei.
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It...it's not like I post for you or anything!
Posts: 16091
Location: Toronto, Canada
That bolded part is totally wrong. Localization is a spectrum. An anime with non-Japanese subtitles is, by definition, localized. Very few customers would buy or watch an anime that has not been localized so that they can understand the dialogue. Yeah, a few people do buy Japanese imports that don't have subtitles or dubs, but even then, they usually only do that after they have seen a fansub or stream or something that has made the source material intelligible to them.
An anime that has a non-Japanese language dub is even more localized than one that simply has subtitles. An anime that has footage edited or altered from the original is even more localized (although many of us would use the term bastardized in that case). Spectrum, get it?
And even though subtitling or dubbing CREATIVELY SPEAKING forms a smaller part of the overall creative effort, when it comes to business or commerce, it is the part of the process that renders an unsaleable product (i.e. a non-localized anime) into something that can be sold. There wouldn't be millions of non-Japanese speaking anime fans all over the world without localization. Not that the "ZOMG, LET'S SHOW PROPER RESPECT TO OUR JAPANESE CREATIVE OVERLORDS, GUISE!!!!" kiddies will ever understand that simple point.
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Posts: 1572
Location: Colorado, USA
But the original video and audio is not the "product" being discussed here.
The localized release is a different product. The original is a product that I will not buy. The localized release is a product that I will buy.
That would probably be an unnecessary extra expense.
Not that it really matters, but Right Stuf may have done that with their release of His and Her Circumstances. That has so many different tracks that it might be the most complex North American release ever.
So why are we still talking about it?
Because everybody wants to have the last word?
[^^^ probably not the last word ]
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Bargain Hunter
Posts: 631
Location: Body:Santa Barbara, CA ~ Heart:New Orleans, LA
Incorrect. By most authoritative definitions, anime is defined by its origin. That means "anime=/= cartoons ONLY from Japan" is a false premise right off the bat, because, by its very definition, it must be of Japanese origin. That automatically disqualifies Fantasmagorie and Steamboat Willie.
Other definitions appeal to "style" (big eyes, colorful hair, unique facial expressions that depict certain emotions, etc). The two examples also fail to meet that criteria, as well. And, the latter is an almost textbook example of a signature archetypical American cartoon.
I understand that, by definition, this is the case. That doesn't change the fact that it's still a folk definition, generated by an illusion; that the audio is an inherent property of the anime's fabric. It's not. You're also using language localization interchangeably with translation. Two totally different adaptation processes. A mere translation is the transferring of semantic meaning, as accurately as possible, from one language to another. Localization involves adapting to a specific culture's social norms, customs, habits, etc. Most people who purchase anime, in fact, don't wish to have their product localized. (Again, see 4kids).
The spectrum analogy doesn't quite apply, due to the fact that you're referring to two different types of localization; dub localization (mere audio changes) vs localization involving video editing and replacing of objects.
@ Touma-- I'll just say you're right and you win the internetz, simply because I'm hungry and want to go eat breakfast now.
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It...it's not like I post for you or anything!
Posts: 16091
Location: Toronto, Canada
@ 504NOSON2 - you are wrong in every single particular. Amazing. Okay, let me explain a few things to you. First, "localization" in the context of anime simply means the process by which a company takes a Japanese anime product and makes changes to it so that it can be sold in that company's home market. Ergo, taking an anime and coming up with a semantically perfect translation of the original Japanese into a different language and adding those as subtitles IS localization. This should be stunningly obvious to anyone who [insults removed]. Now, if that same company decides that it is going to go beyond providing a semantically perfect translation, and alters meaning so that they reflect local customs, etc, then that company is providing a more heavily localized version than the first.
You see, 504NOSON2, I wasn't using the term "spectrum" as an analogy - I was using it literally because as anyone who [insults removed] understands, there are DEGREES of localization, ranging from faithfully translated subtitles all the way up (or down, if you prefer) to actually replacing images of sushi with sandwiches.
Sadly, for you, you seem to have come up with your own completely personal definition of what "localization" means that has no reference to anyone who understands what the term actually means with respect to anime.
Your assertion that audio is not "an inherent property" of the anime's fabric [enough with the insults and condescension]. "Anime" is not just animated images. It is static background paintings, it is composed music, it is added source music, it is recorded dialogue. All those elements come together to create a product called "anime." That's why the term "movie" and "film" are interchangeable. Film can be simply the material that images are recorded on but it can also refer to the finished product of a movie: motion and sound and everything else that goes into a film.
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Bargain Hunter
Posts: 631
Location: Body:Santa Barbara, CA ~ Heart:New Orleans, LA
Wrong. As I stated earlier, there's a distinction between "translation" and "localization". By simply analyzing the word, one can easily determine this. Localizing something means producing a product that conforms to the local norms of a very specific audience. Translating is not. Localization is the second step of adapting a product in an attempt to make the product more accessible to said audience. A translation is just a general shift from a source language into a target language. Nothing localized about it. As countries that speak the same language, have different cultures, and unless the translations are suited to cater to local quirks, it ins't localized. Fansubbers that keep honorifics and original puns don't "localize" the anime, they translate it. Ask any professional translator. It's rather simple, really.
Wrong. Degrees of localization would refer to the degree of culturally specific edits and changes in the anime work. Again, a literal, purist/elitist-approved translation CANNOT be a localization, because nothing was changed to adapt to the viewer's cultural understanding.
No, the anime realm has not co-opted the term to bear a unique meaning. The process is the same in the adaptation of every form of televised media. Language localisation.
Did someone say "personal definition"? All of these features are presented along with the anime, but even when removed, the actual animation (ANIME, or "static background paintings") itself is still left unchanged. My assertion is supported by the example I provided above, demonstrating that the earliest anime productions were silent; void of music AND dialogue. If these auxiliary features are essential in nature to a work being an "anime", then that would remove the pioneers of anime (Namakura Gatana, Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki) from the classification of anime. See the implications of such a notion? The same applies to your film analogy-- which was actually an analogy this time.
Now, one can respond with arguing that the definition of what is anime has changed since then. Not really. Just the understanding of what is to be expected in modern anime.
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It...it's not like I post for you or anything!
Posts: 16091
Location: Toronto, Canada
No, there is no distinction between localization and translation. Translation is a localization activity. Completely faithful translations are virtually impossible, in any case, but it wouldn't matter if they weren't. You are taking a product and altering it so that consumers in a territory other than the one it was created in can understand it. Your contention that translation is not a localization activity is really bizarre.
And you continue to misunderstand the word "spectrum." Well, ain't much I can do about that.
Your contention that because the first anime was silent therefore music and dialogue should not be considered inherent elements of anime today is so silly I'm just going to let it hang there. By your definition, altering the music score in an anime would NOT be considered localization since music is not an inherent part of anime is just too strange for words.
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Posts: 232
Location: Neo Toronto, Neo Canada
No, YOU'RE incorrect. I'm going to destroy this comment so bad, it's not even funny. Listen, kid, if anime was only Japanese, why was Tom and Jerry 85 on TV Asahi's list for being the top 100 "anime" of all time, if anime was only Japanese? Why was Toy Story 3 the best selling 'anime' in it's period? Not to mention the word 'anime' is merely the shortened form of the Japanese pronunciation of the English/French word animation, which is animēshon. Why are popular western cartoons in Japan like Spongebob and Simpsons called anime, if anime was only Japanese. Westerners corrupted the term, to try spilt the types of animation and make them seem as different genres, By that logic, Tintin should be refereed to as a 'l'animation' because it's a French cartoon and has different art than American animation, but French call Beast Wars, a Canadian cartoon 'l'animation' because it's ANIMATION, not COUNTRY of origin. BTW, I hope you know that 'Japanese' art style originated from Mickey Mouse. And the term 'anime' is French, not Japanese.
That pre-dated every modern Japanese cartoon, by several years.
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OWINGS MILLS, Md. -- Ravens safety Bernard Pollard believes Patriots quarterback Tom Brady should be punished by the NFL for lifting his right leg and hitting Ravens safety Ed Reed while sliding late in the first half.
"He knew what he was doing," Pollard said Monday. "So, I'm the type of player -- it has to go both ways. It really does. It has to go both ways. Hopefully, the NFL will do something about it."
When I watched the replays, the way Brady raised his leg made it look intentional to me. At the very least, it put the idea in your head that he was trying to make contact with Reed. The problem is there's no way to prove intent. No one knows what Brady is thinking (especially when it comes to those Ugg commercials, but I digress).
Brady is a football player and not a baseball one, so it's easy to argue that his sliding technique is going to be far from perfect. This reminds me of the Thanksgiving incident where Matt Schaub got a kick to the groin from Ndamukong Suh. Of course, the league couldn't prove intent with Suh, but it still fined him $30,000.
That's where Pollard has a point about the double standard. You know what would have happened if Reed wasn't able to pull up like he did and landed on Brady. Reed likely would've been penalized for making contact with a quarterback after he slid. It should not come as a shock to anyone that the league's priority is to protect quarterbacks.
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We're thrilled to announce that for the third year in a row, Casa Brava has been awarded the 2013 Flipkey Top Vacation Rental in Sayulita award!
Casa Brava Extra-Private Modern Architecture in Jungle Setting with big Pacific Ocean Views!
See our mention in the May 18, 2011 "Mex it Up" article in the New York Style Magazine
Very Private! Stunning modern very large studio loft apartment located in one of the premier locations, close to fantastic restaurants, shopping, surfing or just sitting at cafes for people watching. Yet the property is just far enough away and totally private to still offer sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, unspoiled jungle, ...Read more
About the owner
About the owner
Casa Brava Sayulita and Dale Nall
Casa Brava Sayulita and Dale Nall
- Response rate: 85%
- Response time: A few hours
- Calendar updated: today
Overall rating:
4.9 / 5.0
CASA BRAVA Modern ExtraPrivate Ocean-View Loft Apt Sayulita, Mexican Riviera-Pacific Coast, Mexico
(Property location is approximate) ?
Additional Location Information
The village of Sayulita begins at the bottom of our road, right where the palm lined avenue was just completed. From our front door it is an easy 10 minute stroll to the very center of the village plaza or the beach (unless you stop along the way to window shop, buy a smoothie or eat a taco). Returning you'll have a steep hill for the last block before our house so you'll need to give yourself more time for that.
More About This Location
Beach or lakeside relaxation, Rural retreats, Warm winter getaways, Waterfront
Getting There
Nearest airport: Puerto Vallarta, 22.99 miles
Car is recommended
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|1. Oops!...I Did It Again - Britney Spears
|2. Stronger
|3. Don't Go Knockin' On My Door
|4. (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction - Britney Spears
|5. Don't Let Me Be The Last To Know
|6. What U See (Is What U Get)
|7. Lucky
|8. One Kiss From You
|9. Where Are You Now
|10. Can't Make You Love Me
|11. When Your Eyes Say It
|12. Dear Diary
This CD is possibly one of the worst CDs EVER. At least I can't say It's Britney that's making it awful, because she doesen't write (not surprising, eh?) her own songs. Read morePublished on July 13 2004 by Bookworm12
Britney Spears. I think anybody who is somebody knows who this young girl is. The global phenomenom that is Miss Spears boomed onto the scene in 1998 when her deliciously tarty... Read morePublished on July 6 2004 by C. Eberlein
This album is just amazing it has amazing classics on here!
You listin to one song and you will luv it right away...
Go pick up a copy its worth it...
please dont make the mistake of listening to this crappy album like i did at a local bar.i have been feeling sick ever since and so will you so avoid this awful babe and her cd.Published on July 4 2004
i would strongly appeal to people who love good music to stay very far away from this terrible woman and her worthless tuneless albums please.my rating would be half a star only.Published on July 4 2004
I bought this album when it first came out, i thought it was a great cd, stronger being one of my favorite songs, u cant go wrong with buying this album, i trully recomend it, go... Read morePublished on July 4 2004
This is the best album I own.
The songs are great her voice is great what else can you ask for?
Pick this CD up you will love it!!!!!
Oops she did it again thats what everyone says when they hear this album:)
This album is great and so mature despite songs like "Oops I Did It Again" and... Read more
On this album there are many beautiful ballads such as
"When Your Eyes Say It" (Such a sweet beautiful song)
"Dont Let Me Be The last To Know" (which... Read more


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Colorful rock musician Kim Fowley, who produced for The Runaways and co-wrote songs for Kiss and Alice Cooper, has died after a long battle with ...
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Property is in demand due to reduced inventory, as there are more potential buyers than sellers. Bidding wars with other buyers are possible, and listings begin to sell at greater than the asking price.
Not enough data to determine market type. Consult a local REALTOR® for up-to-date market summaries
Trend data coming soon.
Trend data coming soon.
|For Sale: 18
|New: N/A
|Recently Sold: 3
|Reduced: 5
|Average Home Price
|Average Sold Price
|Property Records: 189
|Foreclosed: N/A
The average home price in 01259 is $571,841, which is 19.6% higher than the average sold price in 01259 ($478,267) . The average home price per square foot in 01259 is $187 and about 1% of all homes in 01259 sold in the last 6 months. For 01259 home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 189 property records or search our 3 recently sold or 18 homes for sale listings. The listings and properties in 01259 are only a part of the 1,886,798 properties and 34,159 homes for sale in Massachusetts. Because of this, the average home price and average home value of 01259 also influence the average home price $520,567 and average sale price $438,836 of Massachusetts. Listing counts, 01259 home prices and home values in 01259 are sourced daily from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.
|Median Age
|Median Household Income


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Cedar City News
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Founder of Utah's Shakespeare Festival keeps event growing
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U.S. government halts veterans' enrollment at five more helicopter schools
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Canyon Singers introduces new director
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Utah man ordered to stand trial in fatal beating
Thursday Jun 25 | Salt Lake Tribune | Comment?
Feds defend Utah prairie dogs rules in closely watched case
Thursday Jun 25 | Norwalk Citizen News | Comment?
Shakespearean theater makes its final bow at 54th annual Utah Shakespeare Festival
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The Email Address Debacle: Did Hillary Do Something Wrong?
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22 Child Stars Who Look Totally Different Today
Loosing Innocent Lives In An Airstrike: Do the Pros Out...
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Hot Shot crew raising memorial money for fallen firefighters
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A 'love letter farewell': Utah Shakespeare Festival readies ...
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Utah man gets 366-day prison term for unlawful solicitation
Wednesday Jun 17 | Salt Lake Tribune | Comment?
11 off-road sites to see dinosaur tracks in Utah
Tuesday Jun 16 | KSL-TV | Comment?
Courtesy | Utah Highway Patrol A Cedar City man died Friday after a...
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Police identify man who died in Utah rock climbing mishap
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Bountiful I-15 interchange to close this weekend
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(Courtesy of Cedar City Police Department) Deborah Carver, missing...
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Hemmings Find of the Day - 1964 Chevrolet Nova "Chevy 2 Much" A/FXer
Tuesday Jun 9 | Hemmings Auto Blogs | Comment?
Reporting on Gary Andersen piece begins in Cedar City, Utah: Oregon State Beavers rundown
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About Utah: Exposing the dictatorship in our backyard
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As a Personal Financial Representative living in Mechanicsburg for 25 years with my wife Patricia, I know many local families. My knowledge and understanding of the people in this community help me provide over 4000 customers with an outstanding level of service. I look forward to helping families like yours protect the things that are important – your family, home, car and more. I can also help you prepare a strategy to achieve your financial goals, such as saving for your child's education or your retirement.
I'm proud to work with a company who's been serving satisfied customers for over 80 years. Customers count on outstanding financial strength and superior claims service to help protect what they value most. Allstate delivers on their promise. In fact, their outstanding financial strength and superior claims service received an A+ (Superior) rating by A.M. Best. Quality service, strength and satisfaction – that's something I'm glad to be a part of.
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Harrisburg, PA, 17110
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Business Work: New Initiative


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Ridgeland IT firm Bomgar Corp. will be featured in a TV episode of "Mississippi Job Hunter" tomorrow on Mississippi Public Broadcasting. The company in a press release announced that the episode will air at 7:30 p.m. on MPB and will focus on the high tech industry in Mississippi. The episode can be viewed online here. "Job Hunter" introduces viewers to ...Read More »
Daily Archives: February 27, 2013
ABC Merit Award winners 2013
» The University of of Southern Mississippi School of Construction recently completed judging the entries for the Associated Builders and Contractors annual merit awards. Here are some of the awards.Read More »
CARTER: Wicker may someday regret his distortion of Hagel's speech
Roger Wicker, Mississippi's junior senator, helped lead Washington Post opinion writer Dana Milbank to this conclusion on the nasty politics that marked Chuck Hagel's road to confirmation as secretary of defense Tuesday: The confirmation, "ended as it began — with a smear." Sen. Thad Cochran, Wicker's senior Mississippi counterpart, restored some balance by joining three other Republicans in voting for ...Read More »
Norwood wins special election to fill Harden's Senate seat
JACKSON — Former Jackson Public Schools school board member Sollie B. Norwood has defeated former Jackson city councilman Marshand Crisler in a runoff to complete the term of the late state Sen. Sen. Alice Harden. Harden, a Democrat from Jackson, died in December. Complete, but unofficial returns showed Norwood with 54 percent of the vote. He expects to be sworn ...Read More »
Former investors sue over fraudulent biodiesel company
PONTOTOC — Two former investors in a biodiesel operation in north Mississippi have sued a Tennessee partner alleging they were duped into getting involved in a scam that defrauded a federal subsidy program. The Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal reports W. Tommy Tacker II and Janey Tyner, both of Martin, Tenn., are seeking compensatory and punitive damages. The lawsuit was filed ...Read More »
Court hears debate over pre-clearance section of Voting Rights Act
WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court is wrestling with the fate of a section of a landmark civil rights law that has helped millions of Americans exercise their right to vote. In an argument at the court, liberal and conservative justices engaged in a sometimes tense back and forth over whether there is an ongoing need in 2013 for a key ...Read More »
Get acquainted with Stennis Space Center opportunities at Stennis Industry Days
Businesses that want to do business with Stennis Space Center can connect with federal and state agencies, contractors and businesses at the rocket engine testing center during Stennis Industry Days today and Friday at Biloxi's IP Casino-Resort-Spa at 850 Bayview Ave. Organizers say the event brings together resources to help facilitate partnerships. The goal is to create an atmosphere of ...Read More »
William Carey closing New Orleans campus after four decades
HATTIESBURG — William Carey University is closing its New Orleans campus. University President Tommy King tells the Hattiesburg American enrollment in the school's nursing program has not come back since Hurricane Katrina. Since the late 1980s, the nursing program has resided on the campus of the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. Barbara Hamilton, executive assistant to the president, says operations ...Read More »
Officials concerned over depleted casino fund reserves
GREENVILLE — The city of Greenville has about $12,000 remaining from the $1.6 million in casino revenue budgeted this fiscal year. The Delta Democrat Times reports that in previous years the city used other tax revenue or borrowed money for day-to-day operations and various repairs. For the fiscal year that began Oct. 1, 2012, the city decided to use $1.6 ...Read More »
Choctaws' gaming revenue growth second-fastest in U.S.
PHILADELPHIA — Indian casinos brushed off weak consumer spending in a sluggish U.S. economic recovery to post a modest increase in revenue in 2011, an industry study reported Wednesday. Not only did revenue rise 3 percent, to $27.4 billion, but Indian casinos are holding on to their share of total casino gambling revenue, competing closely with commercial casinos, according to ...Read More »


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Stock Photo:
pathway for bicycle with yellow bicycle lane sign on road
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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 9.
Endocytosis of elongated tubules in the growth cone periphery. (A) Time-lapse confocal images of FM 5-95 internalization show immediate dye incorporation into an elongated tubule (yellow static arrow) near the base of a filopodium. In subsequent frames, the endocytic tubule is transported retrogradely toward the growth cone central domain. The boxed area is magnified in the panels at the right and the time after the initial membrane labeling (minutes:seconds) is indicated in each frame. See Additional file 8. (B) Time-lapse confocal images of fluorescent dextran internalization show similar endocytosis of an elongated tubule (red arrows) near the base of a filopodium. The focal pulse (10 s) of fluorescent dextran was applied at 0:00 and the initial frame shows nascent endocytic vesicles immediately after the removal of uninternalized dextran (0:15). Endocytic vesicles originating in the peripheral domain move retrogradely and fuse with other dextran-containing vesicles near the transitional- or central domains of the growth cone within one minute. See Additional file 12. Scale bars, 5 μm (left), 1 μm (right).
Hines et al. BMC Biology 2012 10:4 doi:10.1186/1741-7007-10-4


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The practice of buying breast milk online has gained significant traction in recent years, as more parents who can't produce enough breast milk on their own turn to nursing mothers on the Internet to fill the need. But some breast milk purchased online might be topped off with cow's milk, which could cause allergic reactions… Continue Reading
Study: Peanuts May Help to Ward Off Some Foodborne Illnesses
Eating the skinless inner kernels of peanuts may improve a person's gut biota and its ability to ward off E. coli and Salmonella, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Maryland published in the Journal of Food Science. The findings suggest that skinless peanuts could be a beneficial promoter of gut bacteria that will outcompete… Continue Reading
Test Uses Low-Tech Litmus Paper to Detect E. Coli
Litmus paper, long known as a low-tech method of testing substances for acidity, might have a new use as a cheap, quick way to test for E. coli, according to researchers at McMaster University in Ontario. The researchers correlated levels of E. coli bacteria with pH values represented by the colors to which the litmus… Continue Reading
WHO Study Measures Global Burden of Listeria
In 2010, Listeria monocytogenes was estimated to infect 23,150 people worldwide. It killed 5,463 of them, or 23.6 percent, according to a new study by European researchers in the World Health Organization (WHO) published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The researchers say that an urgent effort is needed to fill in information on Listeria infections… Continue Reading
Researchers Uncover Clues in the Fight Against Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes has long been one of the most fearsome foodborne pathogens. With a high mortality rate and the ability to grow at refrigerator temperatures, it's also one of the most adaptable. Now, researchers in Denmark say they've made some important discoveries that explain why the bug is difficult to fight, according to Medical News… Continue Reading
E. Coli Protein Study Could Help Advance Detection, Treatment
E. coli has earned its reputation as a deadly pathogen lurking in contaminated foods, but a multi-year study may give it some positive press as a source of medical knowledge and potential therapeutics. Researchers at Kansas State University are studying a protein secreted by E. coli bacteria that blocks functions of the body's innate immune… Continue Reading
Study: Raw and Pasteurized Milk Differ in Taste, Smell and Safety
Belgian researchers have not exactly said the benefits of raw milk often cited by advocates exist only in their heads, but they've come pretty close. They've found that the only big difference between pasteurized and non-pasteurized milk is "organoleptic," meaning how it tastes, smells, feels or appears. Their conclusion: raw milk is a "realistic and… Continue Reading
New Study Ties Higher Rate of MRSA Infections to Living Near Swine Operations
Pennsylvania residents living near pig farms or fields fertilized with pig manure were up to 38 percent more likely to acquire infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, commonly known as MRSA, according to a new study by researchers from the John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Geisinger's Henry Hood Center for Health Research. The… Continue Reading
Scientists Debate New Study on GMO-Fed Pigs
Study highlights issue of GM seed research restrictions
Science commentators involved in the genetically modified food debate have weighed in on a new study that says pigs fed genetically modified grains suffered a higher rate of severe stomach inflammation and developed heavier uteri. Some experts have said the study shows evidence of a problem that warrants further study, while others have dismissed it… Continue Reading
The Best of Food Safety in Education
This week, Food Safety News is acknowledging leaders who help keep our food supply safe.
Today we celebrate educators. In the days ahead we'll celebrate leaders in consumer groups, government agencies, non-government organizations, the food industry and the news media. Of course, no list is ever complete so if you think we've forgotten someone, please leave us a note in the comments. The focus of the best of the best… Continue Reading


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Awesome theme.There are still some bugs that need to be fixed and I hope that they are going to be fixed in the next update.Thanks for letting me use some icons from your theme J.Evgeniev :)Esta valoración es de una versión anterior del complemento (3.0).
Thanks, I like your theme too! Email me a list of the bugs you found and I will get right on them. :)


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Mail: Thanks Sen. Al Davis
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A series of thefts and drugs arrests intensified Tuesday, when more charges were pressed against Jason Sullivan of North Platte.
Sullivan was already in jail. He was previously arrested June 6 for possession of meth.
At the time, sheriff's investigators seized a Black Honda Passport that they said was purchased with proceeds from the May 23 burglary of Kohler Trailer Sales. Investigators searched the vehicle and found suspected methamphetamine in the car. Sullivan claimed he has disposed of all the property he received from the burglary. Sullivan was officially charged with disposing of stolen property and possession of a controlled substance, methamphetamine.
Unofficially, at least seven people are now charged in connection with the burglary at Kohler's.
The investigation of the thefts and related drug crimes is actively continuing, a sheriff's spokesman said Wednesday.
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
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SAP News
More than 100,000 customers of all sizes and in all industries are transforming their businesses with SAP solutions. To see how SAP is helping companies like yours run better, watch the best-run stories showcased here. Explore how other customers are generating more value with SAP products and services.
Unilever manufactures over 400 brands – from Knorr to Dove. Learn how they're using SAP to speed up their core processes – and shrink reporting time from weeks to hours.*
SNUBH is the digital cornerstone of the South Korean healthcare system. Read how they're using real-time Big Data analysis to continually improve medical research and patient care.
When the Kraft export business team was told to triple their growth, they knew they needed to modernise – fast. Find out why they chose SAP to help them meet their ambitious goals.
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited is bringing mobile banking services to the 87% of Bangladeshis who don't have a bank account. Here's how they're using SAP to do it.


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Report:Mobile Needs A Four-Tier Engagement Platform
Road Map: The Mobile App Development Playbook
Mobile is pushing aging web architectures to the brink. The three-tier architecture built for a browser-led PC world can't flex, scale, or respond to the needs of a good mobile experience or the...
- Downloads: 1387
For CIO Professionals
Report:Predictions 2015: Software Platforms Drive Internet-Of-Things Adoption
How The Connected World Will Advance
The Internet of Things (IoT) has gotten huge visibility as firms like Cisco Systems and General Electric (GE) promote the size of the market and number of connected devices and IBM talks about...
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Report:Software Must Enrich Your Brand
Software Is A Critical Strategic Asset, Not An Operational Nice-To-Have
Your customers increasingly interact with your products and service directly through the software they touch: mobile apps, connected products, websites, and digital experiences. If the software fails...
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Report:CMOs Must Embrace Software's Role In Delivering A Compelling Brand Experience
Software Must Enrich Your Brand
This report, originally written for CIOs, includes content relevant to chief marketing officers (CMOs). And here's why: A perfect storm of technology change — mobile, social, and digital...
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Report:Brief: Smartwatches Need Glanceable Moments
Success Centers On Delivering Intelligent Notifications
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text: Grow Your Own Drugs- BBC Christmas Special 14/12/2012 by mytreetv Leave a comment Grow Your Own Drugs– BBC Christmas Special Less pills and more herbs might be a good idea! Fuck supplements Nature is still smarter than we are. The world — and our physiology — is still more complex than we like to think. http://homegrown-revolution.co.uk/ sharing is caringShare on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)MoreClick to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Related Author: mytreetv Your vision will become clear only when you look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams. Who looks inside, awakens. Keep it green & Put MyTree on your screen! www.MyTree.TV


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Sautéed Chicken Cutlets and Cherry Tomatoes with Spinach Orzo
Healthy and flavorful, this dish is sure to please everyone while keeping them trim for swimsuit season.
Total Time:
Level: Easy
Yield: 4 servings (cost per serving of $1.73)
Serves: 4
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- 0.75 c. orzo
- 1 bunch spinach
- kosher salt
- Pepper
- 2 tbsp. olive oil
- 8 small chicken cutlets
- 1 pt. grape tomatoes
- 4 small sweet red cherry peppers (such as Peppadew)
- 2 clove garlic
- 1 c. low-sodium chicken broth
- Cook the orzo according to package directions. Drain and toss with the spinach and 1/4 teaspoon each salt and pepper.
- Meanwhile, heat 1 tablespoon oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Season the chicken with 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper. Cook 4 cutlets until browned and cooked through, 2 to 3 minutes per side; transfer to a plate and cover with foil to keep warm.
- Heat the remaining tablespoon oil in the skillet. Cook the remaining cutlets for 2 minutes. Turn the cutlets and scatter the tomatoes, cherry peppers, and garlic in the skillet. Cook until the chicken is golden brown and cooked through, 2 to 3 minutes more. Transfer the chicken to the plate.
- Add the chicken broth to the skillet with the tomato mixture and bring to a simmer. Serve the chicken with the spinach orzo and top with the tomato mixture.
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Margaret Barney, Executive Director of the MSplus
Foundation, told her story about being dually diagnosed with MS and then
Barney said, "I was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
in 1979 but my symptoms first appeared in 1977 when I was 29, just a few weeks
after my only child was born."
Barney said, "After my baby was born, I got home from the
hospital with blurred vision. This tipped me off that something was a little
bit wrong. [More]
Olivera Nesic-Taylor, PhD,
is studying the relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and breast cancer.
She is affiliated with the Texas Tech Paul Foster School of Medicine in El Paso,
Study focus
Dr. Nesic-Taylor's research
focuses on the following questions concerning MS and breast cancer:
Dr. [More]
A chemical once used to treat sofas — until it was found to cause rashes and blisters in people who sat on them — is now poised to become a major therapy for multiple sclerosis.
The Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday approved the chemical, dimethyl fumarate, which will be sold by Biogen Idec under the name Tecfidera, the third of a spate of oral drugs that are transforming the treatment of multiple sclerosis. [More]
Since its first broadcast in 1999, MS Learn Online, the National MS Society's Internet program, has been a successful way to educate about multiple sclerosis. View pre-recorded webcasts to learn more about MS from the convenience of your own home. Programs cover a wide variety of topics such as information for people newly diagnosed, MS basic facts, symptom management, employment, intimacy, care-partners, and progressive MS.
Each program may include:
This useful resource contains detailed information about the logistics of planning accessible travel by plane, train, bus and ship.
The ACAA and Air TravelProtecting Your WheelchairTraveling With OxygenHow To Advocate For YourselfCruisingFinding A Travel Agent - Do You Even Need One?Accessible Ground Transportation TipsAccessible Recreation OptionsBudget TravelFinding An Accessible Room
Click here to order paperback or eBook.
Kim Forcier, a private
practice counselor in San Antonio, Texas, talked to the MS/Cancer Support Group
about potential problems between spouses and their partners who need caregiving.
Forcier has worked with many
couples dealing with new ways of life because of illness, brain injury, or
stroke. She noted that couples can work together to overcome difficult life
When a person has significant
health challenges, it becomes a huge part of his or her life. There may be certain
things that person can't do and that affects every day life. It is easy to get
caught up with what you can't do.
However, your health doesn't
have to define you," Forcier said. "Focus on what you can do and put your
effort in to that."
One sign of a healthy
marriage is when both partners have some independence and to have separate
interests. [More]
Dr. Merry Harris, a chiropractic neurologist in Seattle, addressed the MS/Cancer support group members about the importance of maintaining a healthy diet and brain balance to help with multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms. Dr. Harris has been in private practice since 1995 and focuses on neurological issues.
Exercise is important for everyone's health, including those
with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and cancer.
Jason Geroianni is a neuro-fitness specialist and executive
director of Pressing On, which is a non-profit gym in San Antonio, Texas, that offers
specialized exercise-based training program for those with paralysis due to spinal
cord injury, traumatic brain injury, MS, stroke and other physical
Geroianni said, "It always is important to stay active. We
recommend that people with MS and cancer exercise or be active 30 to 60 minutes
a day, five days a week."
People who exercise regularly may notice several benefits including
improved strength, possible diminished fatigue and depression, help with sleep problems
and keeping mentally sharp.
However, MS patients need to be careful during exercise. [More]
"Being on a massage table is a wonderful place to be for a
person with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)," said Denali Walden, a massage therapist
in Olympia, WA.
And Walden knows what she is talking about. She graduated
from massage therapy school with an emphasis on medical and injury treatment
techniques. She has continued her education in modalities related to MS and
volunteered for four years in a program that provided massages to cancer patients
and their caregivers.
Walden spoke to the MS/cancer conference call in February
about massage therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). [More]
Summary: In a small-scale, early-phase trial of the hormone estriol, a form of estrogen, women with relapsing-remitting MS showed decreases in MRI-detected brain lesion activity and immune responses during treatment, suggesting that additional study of estriol is called for to determine longer-term efficacy and safety.
The MSplus Foundation received 501(c)(3) organization status with the IRS beginning July 19, 1999. [EIN = 91-1992981] Disclaimer.


text:
A method of and apparatus for protecting three phase electrical equipment where a signal is derived for each phase representing current in each phase, and the three signals combined to form an analog composite signal. The analog composite signal is converted to digital form. One of the analog signals is used to relate the values of the digital signals to respective phases. The largest value is used to determine heating in the equipent and from the heating the temperature of the equipment is derived. The temperature is compared to critical temperature levels and when a critical level is exceeded, the supply of power to the equipment is interrupted. The digital signals representing the current peaks in each phase are used to determine phase loss and phase unbalance, and the power supply is interrupted when there is a phase loss or when the unbalance exceeds a predetermined critical level.
1. Apparatus for protecting a three phase electrical equipment by interrupting the supply of power to said equipment in response to a determination of an unacceptable condition comprising:
(a) sensor means for each phase for sensing the current in a respective phase of the supply of power to said equipment and for providing, for each phase, an analog signal representing current in the respective phase;
(b) rectifier means connected to said sensor means for receiving the analog signals, said rectifier means having a common output across which there is provided a composite analog signal representing a composite of the current for each phase;
(c) an analog-to-digital converter connected to said common output for receiving said composite analog signal and for providing a composite digital signal representing said composite analog signal;
(d) a first detector connected to a first one of said sensor means for receiving an analog signal representing current in a respective phase of said supply and for providing a first time signal representing the time at which the current in the respective phase of said supply passes through a reference level;
(e) a phase current reconstitution means connected to said analog-to-digital converter and to said first detector for receiving respectively said digital signal representing said composite analog signal and said first time signal and for providing, for each phase a digital signal representing the current values in the respective phase, said first time signal providing identification of said phase in normal sequence;
a motor thermal model means connected to said phase current reconstitution means for receiving therefrom three digital signals representing the current in each phase, said motor thermal model means including selecting means for selecting the one of said three digital signals representing the largest current, said motor thermal model means determining from the said one of the three digital signals and from the duration thereof an equivalent motor temperature and providing a temperature signal representing said equivalent motor temperature, said thermal model comprising:
(1) first and second variable frequency oscillators each having a first input for receiving a digital signal and a second input for receiving an enabling signal, each oscillator being responsive to the digital signal at its first input for varying its operating frequency and providing said operating frequency at an output thereof in response to an enabling signal at its second input,
(2) said first oscillator having its first input connected to receive said selected one of said three digital signals representing the largest current,
(3) a counter having a count up input and a count down input, the count up input being connected to said first oscillator and said count down input being connected to said second oscillator for receiving respective signals representing said respective operating frequencies, the output of said counter representing said equivalent motor temperature and,
(4) signal generating means alternately providing enable signals to said second inputs of said first and second oscillators;
(g) a temperature detector connected to said motor thermal model for receiving said temperature signal and comparing said temperature signal with a reference, said temperature detector providing an overtemperature tripping signal when said temperature signal exceeds said reference; and,
(h) means responsive to said over-temperature tripping signal for interrupting the supply of power to said equipment.
Reference is made to a microfiche appendix which sets forth a computer program listing including that which is applicable to the present invention. Included is one (1) microfiche containing a total of 67 frames.
This invention relates to the protection of electrical apparatus and in particular it relates to a method and apparatus for the protection of polyphase apparatus such as electric motors and transformers.
Protection schemes as first developed were analog in nature and preferably included a separate protection for each phase. These schemes generally provided protection in one or more of the following areas: (a) overload, (b) phase unbalance, (c) phase loss, and (d) phase reversal.
Subsequently, protection schemes were designed to operate in digital form and in general followed the analog design. In other words, there was a digital arrangement for each of the three phases including for each phase an analog-to-digital converter, a memory, and associated circuitry. While the protection provided was suitable, the cost for smaller sizes of equipments was disproportionately high.
The present invention provides a simpler and less expensive form of electrical equipment protection which does not require, for each phase, an analog-to-digital conversion, a memory and associated circuitry. The apparatus of the invention does this by using a composite waveform. That is, it forms a composite analog waveform from waveforms representing the current in each phase of a multiphase or polyphase system. It converts this composite waveform into digital form requiring only one analog-to-digital conversion. The composite digital representation is checked for peaks or other critical quantity and the values stored. The highest value is selected and evaluated for heating. From this evaluation an overload signal is derived. The apparatus can identify the phase which had the highest peak, or in fact any phase, so specific phase information can be derived. A second input is required to identify the particular phase, but the second input need only be sensitive to polarity to detect zero crossing of a reference phase. Phase balance can be obtained from the stored digital value for each peak. By deriving a third signal which is a second polarity sensitive input (no analog-to-digital conversion is required) to monitor zero crossing, the phase sequence can be determined for three phases. Thus, one composite waveform provides the digital data and two analog phase signal zero detectors determine two of the three phases to give the phase sequence. Any value for overload, short circuit, or ground fault that is identifiable with a particular phase can be identified with that phase. Phase unbalance can be associated with the phases.
It is known, for example, in Canadian Pat. No. 983,094--Boothman et al., issued Feb. 3, 1976 to Canadian General Electric Company Limited, to use current sensors to derive a signal representing the current in each phase of an electrical supply to a motor, and to combine these signals to develop a composite waveform. The composite waveform representing current is then used to develop a signal representing temperature. When the temperature signal exceeds a predetermined limit, the supply to the motor is interrupted. The protective arrangement in this patent makes use of the composite waveform. It uses substantially the average value for the composite waveform and, consequently, does not represent the worst case. It does not subsequently separate any signals into phase related signals and consequently cannot identify a phase related problem with a particular phase. It does not operate digitally.
The use of composite waveforms representing the various phase currents (but without identifying the phases) is not new. Another prior patent showing the use of such a composite waveform is Canadian Pat. No. 962,332--Boothman et al., issued Feb. 4, 1975 to Canadian General Electric Company Limited.
It is, therefore, a feature of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for the protection of electrical equipment.
It is another feature of the invention to provide apparatus for the protection of a poly-phase motor which appartus requires only one digital to analog converter and provides phase information for phase-related problems.
It is yet another feature of the invention to provide a method for combining a plurality of phase current analog signals to form a composite wave, convert the wave to a digital signal representing peak current values, and use the values to determine unacceptable conditions of operation.
Accordingly, there is provided apparatus for protecting poly-phase electrical equipment comprising means for deriving from an electric circuit providing power to said electrical equipment an analog signal for each phase representing current in the respective phase, means for forming, from said analog signals, a composite analog signal, an analog-to-digital converter means for receiving said composite analog signal and providing a digital signal representing said composite analog signal, means for deriving from one of said analog signals a timing signal representing when the current in a respective phase passes through a reference level, a phase current reconstitution means for receiving said digital signal representing said composite analog signal and said timing signal and providing, for each phase, digital signals representing the current in a respective phase and means selecting the digital signals representing the largest of said currents and responsive to an undesired current condition interrupting the supply of power to said electrical equipment.
There is also provided a method of protecting poly-phase electrical equipment comprising deriving from the electrical supply to said equipment an analog phase signal for each phase representing the current in the respective phase, combining said analog phase signals to form a composite analog signal, converting said composite analog signal to a digital signal, detecting the value of said digital signal representing the current in the phase with the highest current, determining from said value an equivalent temperature for said apparatus, and interrupting the electrical supply to said apparatus if said equivalent temperature exceeds a predetermined level.
While the present invention is defined by the claims appended to and forming a part of this specification, a better understanding thereof can be had by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified block schematic diagram of a form of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing a composite waveform such as is used in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block schematic diagram of one form of motor thermal model suitable for use with the invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified block schematic diagram of trip circuitry;
FIG. 5 is a simplified block schematic diagram of an alternate converter arrangement; and,
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the present invention as implemented using a data processor.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a simplified block schematic diagram of one form of apparatus according to the present invention. Transformers 10, 11 and 12 couple current signals from respective first, second and third phases in a three phase power system supplying a motor. The current signals for the first, second and third phases are on conductors 14, 15 and 16 respectively and are derived from the secondary windings of transformers 10, 11 and 12. Conductors 14 and 15 are connected to zero crossing detectors 17 and 18 respectively. The zero crossing detectors 17 and 18 detect the zero crossing of the current signal which they receive and this identifies two of the phases as will be explained subsequently.
Diodes 20A, 20B and 20C are connected between a common point 21 and respective conductors 14, 15 and 16, and diodes 22A, 22B and 22C are respectively connected between conductors 14, 15 and 16 and a common point 23. As is apparent, these six diodes are connected to provide a full wave rectifier, and a composite waveform 24 (shown by solid line in FIG. 2) is available across a resistor 25; i.e., is available between points 21 and 23. It will, of course, be apparent that a half wave rectifier could be used.
The composite waveform 24 (FIG. 2) is derived from the rectified current waveforms of the three phases. The composite waveform is applied to analog-to-digital converter 26 from which a digital output is provided over bus 27 to a phase current reconstruction circuit 28. The phase current reconstruction circuit 28 also receives a signal over conductor 30 from zero crossing detector 18. The signal on conductor 30 represents the time that the current signal from one phase crosses a zero level or a reference level, and this signal enables phase current reconstruction circuit 28 to identify three phases. It is not necessary that the circuit 28 identify that the phase sequence is correct as this is done by another circuit. The phase current reconstruction circuit 28 identifies three phases and stores the peak levels of each phase. It provides on buses 31, 32 and 33 digital signals representing each of the three phases. The buses 31, 32 and 33 are each connected to phase loss detector 34, phase balance resolver 35 and motor thermal model 36.
Considering first the phase loss detector 34, it receives signals representing current in each of three phases. If any of the signals is lost, the phase loss detector provides a trip signal on conductor 37.
Phase balance resolver 35 receives the three signals representing phase current peaks. The phase balance resolver 35 can take many forms. In a simple form it determines the difference between the highest peak and the lowest peak and provides on bus 38 a digital signal representing the difference, and this difference signal is received by unbalance detector 40. Unbalance detector 40 compares the amount or degree of unbalance with a predetermined trip level. The predetermined trip level varies in accordance with the degree of unbalance and provides a delay which is related to the degree of unbalance; that is, the greater the unbalance, the shorter the delay. When a particular degree of unbalance has existed for a time period determined for that degree of unbalance, an unbalance trip signal is provided on conductor 41.
It should be noted that phase unbalance can give rise to rapid heating in that the unbalance causes a circulating current which is effectively at a frequency which is a multiple of line operating frequency and therefore causes more rapid heating.
Phase sequence detector 42 receives a signal on conductor 30 representing the zero crossing of the current signal of the phase from transformer 11. Similarly zero crossing detector 17 provides a signal on conductor 43 representing the zero crossing of the current signal from transformer 10, and this is also applied to phase sequence detector 42. Thus, phase sequence detector 42 receives signals representing the timing of two phases of a three phase supply. This is sufficient to determine the sequence of three phases. If the sequence should reverse, the phase sequence detector 42 provides a trip signal on conductor 44.
The motor thermal model 36 is a digital circuit which represents the thermal capacities and heat transfer properties of the motor components. The conductors for the three phases have a relatively low thermal capacity and they are a source of heat as they conduct current. It is preferable if the motor thermal model can represent the heating which occurs during starting and running. The heat from the conductors is transferred to the core material which has a larger thermal capacity and which is cooled by a ventilation system when it is running. A balance must be selected between the accuracy of the representation of the thermal model and the complexity of the thermal model. FIG. 3 shows a motor thermal model 36 which is of relatively simple design.
Referring to FIG. 3, the buses 31, 32 and 33 are connected to a select and scale circuit 46. This circuit selects the signal from the bus which has the highest signal; i.e., representing the largest current. It scales the signal appropriately and applies it over bus 47 to a variable oscillator 48. The variable oscillator 48 provides an output which varies in accordance with the signal on bus 47; that is, it increases in frequency with the increase in value of the signal on bus 47. The frequency of the oscillator is thus a representation of the rate at which heat is generated in the conductors. The output of oscillator 48 has a generally square waveform and, when the oscillator has an enable signal applied to it, its output is provided via conductor 50 to a counter 51. This signal on conductor 50 increases the count in counter 51, and the count in counter 51 represents temperature of the motor.
The output of counter 51, on bus 52, is applied to a comparator 53 and a variable oscillator 54. The variable oscillator 54 provides an output which varies in frequency in accordance with the signal on bus 52; that is, it increases in frequency with the value of the signal on bus 52. The frequency of oscillator 54 is thus a representation of the rate of cooling of the motor, which bears a relationship to the difference in temperature between the motor temperature and ambient or cooling medium temperature. The output of oscillator 54 has a generally square waveform and, when the oscillator has an enable signal applied to it, it provides an output via conductor 55 to counter 51. This signal decreases the count in counter 51.
Oscillator 56 is a fixed frequency oscillator (e.g., flip-flop) which has an evenly divided output; that is, its output is positive for the same length of time it is negative. The oscillator frequency should be low with respect to oscillators 48 and 54, perhaps of the range of one tenth at normal operating temperature. The output of oscillator 56 is applied over conductor 57 as an enable signal for oscillator 48. Conductor 57 is also connected to an inverter 58 which provides an enable signal on conductor 60 to oscillator 54. Thus oscillators 48 and 54 are enabled in turn to provide up and down counts respectively to counter 51.
The output of counter 51, which represents motor temperature, is applied via bus 52 to comparator 53 which compares the temperature signal to a predetermined critical reference temperature. This reference may be set in at input 62. When the temperature signal exceeds the reference, comparator 53 provides a trip signal on conductor 61.
The motor thermal model 36, as described with reference to FIG. 3, is a digital thermal model similar in principle to some aspects of the analog thermal model described in Canadian Pat. No. 983,094--Boothman et al., issued Feb. 3, 1976 to Canadian General Electric Company Limited. Also suitable for use as a thermal model is that shown and described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 488,449 "Thermal Model for Electrical Apparatus" by D. R. Boothman et al., which application is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and was filed on even date herewith.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the motor thermal model 36 is shown with bus 52 connected to comparator or temperature detector 53 with the overtemperature trip signal available on conductor 61. Thus, there are four trip signals which can be generated and they are available on conductors 37, 41, 44 and 61.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a block diagram of one form of trip circuitry for the invention. The conductors 37, 41, 44 and 61 are shown connected to a trip logic circuit 63. These conductors will carry, respectively, trip signals representing unacceptable conditions of phase loss, phase unbalance, phase sequence reversal and motor overtemperature. The trip logic circuit 63, in response to receiving a trip signal on one of the conductors 37, 41, 44 and 61, provides a signal on conductor 64 to an annunciator indicating the fault, and provides a signal on conductor 65 to relay driver 66. Relay driver 66 energizes a relay trip coil 67 which opens breaker contacts to interrupt current to the motor. Normally closed and normally open contacts 70 and 71 are shown associated with the trip coil 67.
A trip condition signal is also provided on conductor 72 to a reset logic circuit 73. This trip signal acts as an inhibit signal to inhibit or lock the reset logic circuit so there can be no reset until the trip condition is cleared, that is, until the signal on conductor 37, 41, 44 or 61 which caused the trip is no longer present. When it is desired to initiate a reset, a reset signal is provided (normally by an operator) at input 74. If there is no inhibit signal on conductor 72, then reset logic circuit 73 provides a reset signal on conductor 75 to relay driver 76. Relay driver 76 energizes reset coil 77 which resets the breaker contacts.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown an alternate form of the circuitry of FIG. 1 where components have been added to extend the operating range. Suppose, for example, the digital system for the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is based on eight bits. This would provide a count of 256 and a step would be 1 in 256. If the system were expanded to a ten bit system, a count of 1024 could be provided and a step would be 1 in 1024. The arrangement of FIG. 5 uses an amplifier with a gain of four or a gain of unity to accomplish this without requiring expanded registers. That is, the use of the FIG. 5 arrangement provides most of the advantages of a ten bit system while requiring only an eight bit system.
In FIG. 5 the analog composite signal is shown on conductor 23' and is applied to amplifier 80. When the amplitude is low, the amplifier gain control is set to provide an amplification of four (i.e., two squared). The analog-to-digital converter 26' provides a corresponding signal in digital form to phase current reconstitution circuit 28' over bus 27' as was described in connection with FIG. 1. As the amplitude of the composite analog signal increases the corresponding digital representation becomes larger. At a specific predetermined value, the phase current reconstitution circuit 28' provides a signal on conductor 81 which adjusts the gain of amplifier 80 to unity. The phase current reconstitution circuit 28' makes a corresponding change so the operating range is effectively extended.
The showings of FIGS. 1 through 5 are believed to thoroughly describe the present invention and illustrate how the invention could be practiced using separate components. With present day technology, however, a more practical implementation of the instant invention can be achieved using a data processor. FIG. 6, taken in conjunction with the earlier referenced program as shown by the appended microfiche defines such an implementation. As seen in FIG. 6, the signals on lines 43 and 30 and at point 23 are derived in the same manner as described with respect to FIG. 1. However, in contrast to FIG. 1, rather than applying these several signals to individual functional blocks, these signals are applied to a suitable data processor 100 such as that sold by Intel Corporation under its 8022 designation; i.e., an Intel 8022 microprocessor. This processor, suitably programmed as by, for example, the appended program, performs the functions of the remaining portions of FIG. 1 the several output signals on lines 37, 41, 44 and 61 to be used in the manner as previously described.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, modifications thereto will readily occur to those skilled in the art. For example, it will be apparent that the apparatus of the present invention will operate with poly-phase circuits other than three phase circuits, and that it can be used to protect electrical apparatus other than electric motors, for example, transformers. It is not desired, therefore, that the invention be limited to the specific arrangement shown and described, but it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Patent Citations
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Environmental Management Companies in Alberta
Business type: Technology ×
Category: Environmental Management ×
Subcategory: Environmental Management ×
Industry: Aerospace & Air Transport ×
Location: Canada ×
Location: Alberta ×
Tech Oil Products
based in New Iberia, LOUISIANA (USA)
Founded in 1980, Tech Oil Products, Inc. is known for the Enviro-Pak® line of compactors, balers, galley grinders, and other waste management solutions for the offshore and maritime industries. The company is also known for SafeSub®, an innovative solution for the handling and transporting of drilling subs, and its Recycle The Gulf® program for the Gulf of Mexico, a ...
Aqualogy UK
based in Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM
Aqualogy is the global technology and solutions division of Agbar, one of the world`s largest water and waste water management companies offering solutions spanning the entire water cycle. In the UK Aqualogy are dedicated to providing innovative water related products and services from around the world to utility, commercial and industrial customers. With a focus on ...


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My site http://www.laughteryogaamerica.com and its custom pagelines css works fine, but http://validator.w3.org/ doesn't like it.
What am I missing? Why are they not accepting the custom css?
Line 115, Column 45: Element style not allowed as child of element body in this context. (Suppressing further errors from this subtree.)<style type="text/css" id="pagelines-custom">
Contexts in which element style may be used: If the scoped attribute is absent: where metadata content is expected. If the scoped attribute is absent: in a noscript element that is a child of a head element. If the scoped attribute is present: where flow content is expected, but before any other flow content other than inter-element whitespace, and not as the child of an element whose content model is transparent. Content model for element body: Flow content.
Above is the main error but there are 2 more pagelines-related errors that I don't understand and therefore can't fix:
- Line 122, Column 156: An body start tag seen but an element of the same type was already open.
…php custom content-shadow static pagelines-template-theme epsilon full_width ">
- Line 122, Column 156: Cannot recover after last error. Any further errors will be ignored.
…php custom content-shadow static pagelines-template-theme epsilon full_width ">


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A day after the U.S. Web sites of Yahoo Inc. were targeted with a denial of service attack, Ebay Inc. and Buy.com Inc. have both said problems experienced by their Web sites today were due to similar attacks.
A spokeswoman for Ebay, whose site was still unaccessible at time of writing, said the site was down because of what appeared to be a denial of service attack while a spokeswoman for Buy.com said the site was brought down for several hours by such an attack beginning at 10:30am PST (Pacific Standard Time) today.
Brand Post Placeholder: None


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Professor J-C.G. Bünzli is a physical-inorganic and analytical chemist by training and an active researcher in the field of co-ordination and supramolecular chemistry of rare-earth ions. His research focuses mainly on designing self-assembled functional edifices containing rare-earth ions and with predetermined photophysical and/or magnetic properties.
Professor V.K. Pecharsky is an active researcher in the field of structure-physical property relationships of rare earth-based intermetallic compounds. He co-authored over 250 papers published in peer reviewed journals and as chapters in books, holds 10 patents, mostly related to preparation and processing rare earth-based alloys.


text:
Tuolumne Meadows, where John Muir was inspired to save Yosemite
June 9, 2015, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
This slice of alpine paradise is widely touted as the place that motivated conservationist John Muir to push for the creation of Yosemite National Park.
'A Walk in the Woods' trailer shows Redford and Nolte rediscovering friendship in nature
May 28, 2015, 10:58 a.m. by Michael d'Estries
Author Bill Bryson's beloved memoir of hiking the 2,180-mile Appalachian Trail hits theaters Sept. 2.
Remembering Mount St. Helens
May 18, 2015, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
Mount St. Helens is still recovering from its fateful 1980 eruption, but thanks to the resiliency and ever-changing nature of our planet, it's already come a long way.
These WPA posters will make you want to hop in the car
May 12, 2015, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
Decades have passed since the creation of these iconic posters, but their visual impact lives on thanks to nostalgia.
Stunned by Yosemite: A trip that will make you feel alive
April 24, 2015, 1:35 p.m. by Starre Vartan
Our blogger shares her experience of Yosemite, which turns 125 this year.
How Carleton Watkins saved Yosemite Valley
April 20, 2015, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
Learn more about this little-known 19th century visionary whose work paved the way for the creation of the National Parks System.
America, it's time to 'Find Your Park'
March 31, 2015, 12:18 p.m. by Jenn Savedge
As national park funding (or lack of it) makes headlines, you can vote with your feet.
The Grand Canyon is under attack (from humans)
March 28, 2015, 10:02 a.m. by Michael Graham Richard
Plans for 2 mega developments and a uranium mine around the iconic site have critics crying foul.
This might be the best video of lava you've ever seen
March 25, 2015, 5:50 p.m. by Russell McLendon
Kilauea has been erupting for 32 years, but a new video captures the volcano's oozing beauty as few people ever get to see it.
National parks ramp up effort to attract volunteers
March 16, 2015, 1:20 p.m. by Jenn Savedge
New $5 million grant will help attract volunteers, but would that money be better spent on programs?
A 'Tempest' grows in Arizona's Vermilion Cliffs
February 25, 2015, 9 a.m. by Catie Leary
Feast your eyes on 'Tempest Vermilion,' the latest video by time-lapse film duo Gavin Heffernan and Harun Mehmedinovic.
Obama announces free national park admission to all 4th graders and their families
February 20, 2015, 7:55 a.m. by Jenn Savedge
The Every Kid in a Park initiative aims to get kids active and outdoors, but it may also turn them into environmental stewards.


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The Message audio Bible is now available on Bible Gateway! Click to learn more.
The escape of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and their deliverance in the crossing of the Red Sea. The beginning of a long and difficult journey under Moses'leadership to Canaan, the promised land.
Ex 6:1-8 See also Ex 3:7-10
Ex 12:31 See also Ex 12:23
Ex 12:37-41; Nu 33:3-5 See also Ps 105:37-38
Ex 14:29-31 See also Ex 13:17-14:28
Nu 33:6-48
Ps 106:6-7; Da 9:15
Ex 12:24-28 See also Jos 5:10


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What, you don't remember that time Trogdor helped Daenerys burninate Meereen? With so many characters and plot lines (not to mention major deviations from books) it's easy to lose track of the finer details from Game of Thrones—like how did Stannis get all the way over there, and who the heck is Hizdhar zo Loraq, anyway? So with the new episodes just over the horizon, here's a handy refresher guide to where all the key characters are before the start of season 5.
Spoilers ahead, naturally.