text:
A centralizer (1) is used for passing assemblies and tools through bores and tubular ducts in a centralized condition, especially in downhole operations in oil work. The centralizer comprises a body (2) including carrying means (3) pivotally supporting swinging arms (4) for effecting centralization. Each arm (4) is pivotally located (14) at one end while a roller (15) or other implement is carried at or adjacent the other free end. Actuating means (6,5) including force means (7), such as a spring, load the swung-out arms (4) so that the arms (4) act against the force means (7) when pushed inwardly. The arms (4) are preferably located tangentially on the carrying means (3) and an adjuster (8) for the force means (7) can be provided.
1. A centralizer comprising a body including carrying means for a plurality of swinging arms, each swinging arm being pivotally attached to the carrying means at a pivot axis, each swinging arm having a free end and an outer portion adapted to support a roller or other implement; actuating means for swinging of the arms between retracted and extended positions, and including loading means providing a centralizer load countering swinging of the arms, the swinging arms swinging in generally tangential planes off-set from the center line of the carrying means, wherein the swinging arms lie on the outside of a central body portion of the carrying means and each pivot axis of the swinging arms extends substantially through the center line of the carrying means.
2. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuating means comprises a series of actuators associated with respective swinging arms and the centralizer further comprises means for providing simultaneously swinging of the arms upon operation of the actuators, said providing means being located on the opposite side of said pivot axis from the outer portion of each swinging arm.
3. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuators engage the swinging arms at a point on the opposite side of the pivot axis from said outer portion to cause swinging of the arms via a fulcrum on the arms acting about the pivot axis.
4. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuating means comprises actuator rods operatively engageable by a common pusher member.
5. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrying means includes an elongate member of generally polygonal cross section with a plurality of flat surfaces, each of said plurality of flat surfaces having one of said plurality of swinging arms pivotally attached thereto so that in the retracted position the arm lies adjacent the flat surface.
6. A centralizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the elongate member is generally of triangular cross-section to provide three flat surfaces and wherein three swinging arms are provided.
7. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for adjusting the centralizer loading.
8. A centralizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the load adjusting means comprises an adjuster member mounted to be axially movable relative to the body with the loading means located between the adjuster member and an actuator member.
9. A centralizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the adjuster member is movably connected to the body.
10. A centralizer as claimed in claim 8, further comprising locking means to lock the adjuster member in set positions.
11. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loading means comprises at least one mechanical spring device.
12. A centralizer as claimed in claim 11, wherein the spring device comprises a stack of belleville washers carried by a spindle.
13. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrying means includes a head portion adapted to be received in a complimentary head portion of the body, said head portions being arranged to preclude relative rotational movement between the body and the carrying means.
14. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the swinging arm includes a main portion including the pivot axis of the arm and a nose portion extending beyond the roller.
15. A centralizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the swinging arm is cranked with the nose portion inclined relative to the main portion to form an elbow so that the portions form an inwardly facing obtuse angle.
16. A centralizer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the nose portion includes a tapering outer surface to facilitate movement of the centralizer over shoulders and through recesses.
17. A centralizer as claimed in claim 15, wherein the roller is located at the elbow of the cranked swinging arm.
18. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the swinging arm includes means to restrict swinging of the arm.
19. A centralizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body and the carrying means include a through bore permitting the flow of pressurized fluid through the centralizer without affecting the centralizing operation of the centralizer.
20. A centralizer as claimed in claim 19, wherein the through bore is of sufficient diameter to allow the insertion of a tool.
The present invention relates to a centraliser enabling assemblies or tools to pass through bores or tubular ducts and also through restrictions in the ducts all while being biased towards a centralised condition. The invention finds particular use in downhole operations in oil work.
Centralisers for use down-well are known, and examples are shown in GB-A-2155519, GB-A-2216571, GB-A-2173533, and U.S Pat. Nos. 4,776,397 and 4,557,327. The prior art centraliser devices of these patent specifications utilise swingable roller arms for centralising, with the swinging action of the arms countered by spring means. However these prior art devices generally are complicated and have limitations in their operation. It is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved centraliser overcoming those disadvantages.
A further known centraliser is described in EP-A0300627 and in particular has swingable roller arms which swing in generally tangential planes off-set from the centre line of the centraliser body portion carrying the arms, as distinct from the more prevalent pure radial swinging of the arms.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a centraliser having a compact radial dimension in the retracted condition but which is effective in operation.
Preferably the actuating means comprise a series of actuators each associated with a respective swinging arm, and means are provided to enable the actuators to swing the arms simultaneously. Each actuator can engage its respective arm at a point spaced from the arm pivot point to provide a fulcrum lever for effecting the swinging action. Preferably the carrying means includes an elongate member of a generally polygonal cross section, and a swinging arm is pivotally attached to each flat surface of the elongate member so than in the retracted position the arm lies adjacent the flat surface. More especially the elongate member is generally of triangular cross-section and three swinging arms are provided.
Preferably load adjusting means are provided comprising an adjuster member mounted to be axially movable relative to the body, with the loading means located between the adjuster member and an actuator member. In particular, the adjuster member can be movably connected to the body. Preferably locking means are provided to lock the adjuster member in set positions.
In a preferred embodiment, the loading means comprises a spring, preferably in the form of a stack of belville washers carried by a spindle. The centraliser arrangement enables the spring to be relatively long and this is operationally advantageous.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a sectional side view of a centraliser for centralising the passage of tools through a bore, or duct;
FIG. 2 shows the section 2--2 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows a side view of the support assembly portion of the centraliser to a larger scale;
FIG. 4 shows an end view of the centraliser looking in the direction of arrow 4; and
FIG. 5 shows a side view of the centraliser body parts with a modification.
Referring to the drawings, a centraliser 1 is provided to enable the passage of a tool such as a plug or lock through a restriction bore in tubing and the like, and especially to allow the assembly including the plug/lock to pass through a minimum restriction, such as a safety valve, and then pass into a larger inside diameter zone still centralised. The centraliser therefore will facilitate the placement of the plug or lock in its respective nipple. The centraliser 1 comprises a main body part 2 of tubular form with a large diameter end portion 2A, a support assembly 3 for swinging arms 4 no effect centralisation, actuator rods 5 for swinging the arms 4 between stored and extended conditions, the rods 5 being carried by a support/pusher member 6 in the large diameter head part 2A, a compression spring 7 located between the pusher member 6 and a spring compressing member 8 threaded at 8A to the inside diameter of the tubular body part 2. and a spindle 9 for locating spring 7 having one end 9A slidingly received in a socket in the member 8 and the other end 9B screwed to an end face of the assembly 3. The assembly 3 has one end in the form of a plug 3A which is received in the large diameter head part 2A to locate the assembly, the assembly 3 being secured by means of a grub screw 10 penetrating a groove 11 in the plug 3A, while the other end of the assembly 3 carries a frusto-conical block 12 to facilitate placement of the centraliser 1 in a tubular member. Adapter connectors 13A/13B at the ends of the centraliser 1 serve for the installation of the centraliser in a string as appropriate.
The assembly 3 carried three swinging arms 4 on a portion 3B of triangular cross-section (see FIG. 2), each swinging arm 4 being pivotally joined to the portion 3B by a pivot pin 14 so that the arm lies parallel to and adjacent a respective flat surface of the portion 3B, while the actuating rods 5 engage an end face 23A of the respective arms 4 on a fulcrum lever F acting about the pivot point of pins 14, whereby axial movement of the rods 5 cause a swinging movement of the arms 4. The arrangement enables the axis A--A of each arm 4 in the retracted state to lie on the horizontal plane through the centre line C--C of the centraliser 1 when viewed in side view: this encourages a compact device. The free end of each arm 4 carries a roller 15. Each arm 4 is of cranked form with a main portion 4A including the pivot axis 14 and an outer nose portion 4B, the two portions 4A, 4B forming an inwardly facing obtuse angle β. The roller 15 is located at the elbow of the cranked arm 4. Further the nose portion 4B includes a tapering tip 4C to assist the tool to pass over square shoulders and also through recesses. For robustness, each arm 4 comprises a hollow body with the roller 15 extending through slots in the body. As the load on spring 7 is reduced, the arms 4 can swing inwardly under gravity.
The assembly 3 includes a head 16 located over and against a diameteral shoulder adjacent to plug 3A, the head 16 having flat peripheral edge portions (see FIG. 2) to preclude axial movement of arms 4 along the pivot pins 14.
The spring 7 preferably comprises a stack of belville washers as shown and as can be seen the spring 7 is of relatively lengthy form. Rotation of the compressing member 8 in the body 2 causes axial movement of the member 8 to compress the spring 7 (with arms 4 stationary) and thereby provide a variable centraliser spring force. The member 8 is locked in a desired position (corresponding to chosen spring force) by means of a locking device 17 which is the subject of the present applicants UK Patent Application No 9106737.1 filed Mar. 28, 1991. Briefly the device 17 comprises a movable segment 18 located in a through-slot in the body 2, teeth in the segment 18 engaging grooves 19 on the member 8, and a sleeve 20 for retaining the segment 18 in is slot. The device 17 locks the member 8 by virtue of any tendency for relative axial movement between the member 8 and the body 2 causing the segment 18 to move outwardly (due to force reaction between the segment 18 and the grooves 19) and to jam against the sleeve 20 to preclude such axial movement. The sleeve 20 can be screwed back to permit freeing of the segment 18 for resenting of the member 8; and the sleeve 20 can be secured for example by means of a grub screw 21.
A particular centraliser 1 can have a specific expansion value defined by the diameter of the circle circumscribing the rollers 15 in the extended condition, the maximum extension being limited by face 23A of the arm abutting the head 16 of the assembly 3. For example a centraliser 1 may have an expansion value up to 8 inches (20.32 cm).
With the arms 4 extended, the centraliser 1 can pass through a pipe or duct with the rollers 15 engaging the internal diameter e.g. at D. Further the centraliser 1 can pass into a smaller diameter section D2 while still in a centralised condition as the arms 4 will swing inwardly against the action of spring 7 to permit this movement and the arms can then move outwardly when the restriction is past. Since the spring stack 7 is relatively long the increase in spring force over the travel of the expanding arms 4 is low, thereby aiding passage through diminishing diameters. Therefore the centraliser 1 according to the present invention has the following advantages:
1. Aids Centralisation throughout run-in and pull-out operations in pipes and ducting;
2. The use of single arm rollers set in a triangular arrangement provides efficiency while being economic;
3. The centraliser spring load can be adjusted conveniently over a wide range, and if further variation is required a spring of different rating can be installed simply by removing the member 8;
4. The pusher member 6 ensures commonality of movement of the arms 4; and
5. The arms can be set at maximum extension (diameter) and accommodate conveniently diameters less than the maximum rating diameter.
In the modification shown in FIG. 5, a sealed through-ducting 22 is present extending end-to-end of the centraliser 1 and this through-ducting permits the passage of pressurised fluids through the centraliser for passage to a receiving device e.g. tool, the centraliser 1 nevertheless being capable of functioning normally. In particular the centraliser 1 could be used with coiled tubing, the pressurised fluid passing through the centraliser to carry out coiled tubing operations. Also, the diameter selected for the ducting 22 can be from a variety of sizes and in particular the diameter may be such as to permit a tool to be passed into the ducting.
Modifications are possible of course. For example, instead of rollers 15 some other form of implement could be fitted at the free ends of arms 4: in particular a tool could be fitted on each arm 4 to carry out a work operation.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Course of Study in Mathematics for Junior High School
C.T. Malan, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1946 - Mathematics - 47 pages
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Junior High School Mathematics
Ninth year general mathematics
2 other sections not shown
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ability achievement aid the pupil angles arithmetic Avoid Bulletin cent Chicago common and decimal Course of Study Cultivate the habit decimal fractions definite denominator Department of Public difiicult difliculties discussion drill Eighth Year Mathematics Elementary emphasis example experience exponents factoring field figures find first first-year algebra fundamental operations geometry Grade Algebra High School Mathematics Indiana installment buying interest involved Iowa Junior High School knowledge limited number literal numbers mathe Mathematics Course Mathematics for Junior matics measure methods metic metric system monomial Multiply Ninth Order of Operations parallelogram polynomial practice prevocational mathematics principles Public Instruction pupil should gain pupil to realize quadratic equations rates ratio realize these gains reteaching rule Seventh Year Mathematics significant simple equations Slide Rule solution specific square taught teacher can aid teaching Text Material tions topics triangle understanding unit University of Iowa word problems workbooks

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While on a trip to Grand Rapids, I purchased Dana Lehman's first book for my granddaughter. Although I only read the book to her when I first gave it to her, my daughter said Hanna... Read morePublished 5 months ago by KSB
A Lesson About Teasing is a book I knew would become a part of my "Bucket Filling Collection". Read morePublished 16 months ago by Colleen D. Gallagher
What a beautiful story and Illustrations. This little book is worth every dime it cost. It teaches kids about being teased, and how much it hurts. Read morePublished 18 months ago by Sandra Heptinstall
What a cute story with a great lesson about teasing. We bought it for our niece and the she just loves it. Read morePublished 20 months ago by KENNETH E.
This is a beautiful book. My kids really like that the setting takes place at a camp. I really like that the message about how hurtful teasing can be is told in such a cute and... Read morePublished 21 months ago by Art
An excellent picture book, especially recommended for parents to share with children while teaching them proper behavior, a very positive book. Read morePublished 22 months ago by pat
Cute story.Nice pictures. You can fellows not professional for some reason. Can't put my finger on why. Kids will like it though.Published on June 18, 2013 by Lisafliny
This is a cute kids story about teasing and name calling. The illustrations are good, but the format is awkward for a kids e-reader book. Read morePublished on March 19, 2013 by Cory
The story Adventures at Walnut Grove is a sweet tale about Sammy, a squirrel who has unique features that make him look unlike than other squirrels. Read morePublished on February 19, 2013 by Angela Streiff


text:
Encana blasts EPA report on Wyoming fracking site
Canadian oil and gas company Encana today released a strongly worded rebuttal of the Environmental Protection Agency's draft report on water quality at a Wyoming site where the company has drilled for natural gas, UpstreamOnline.com reports.
The EPA on Thursday released a report that said groundwater pollution near the site was "likely" due to natural gas production, including the practice of retrieving the gas through fracking. Denver's Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc., which owns the gas field where the EPA has been studying drinking water, on Friday criticized the report's findings as "a possibility but not a conclusion."
Parent company Encana took its criticism a step further this morning, and said the EPA's findings "are conjecture, not factual and only serve to trigger undue alarm."


text:
For copper wire grounding connections and splices.
by doc.morrison
on 1/30/2012
Well described, priced, packaged, and shipped
33-10810 - Antenna or Satellite Grounding Rod - 4'
48" Ground Rod
Used to ground outdoor antenna and satellite systems
Use with proper grounding wire and clamps for a complete ground
High-strength steel with copper top layer
11/32" thickness
33-10835 - Split Bolt 8 Gauge, UL
831-5012 - RJ45 In-Line Coupler
The perfect solution for extending networking cable runs. Easily link multiple Category 5 or Category 6 patch cables together while maintaining the high standard of EIA/TIA Category 5. This in-line RJ45 Coupler provides a female-to-female feed-through connection t...
108-4054 - Soldering Probe/Spudger/Pry Tool
The handy tool that frequently comes in handy. It can be used as a probe, scrapers, or spudger while soldering because of it's high heat tolerance. It can also be used to pry open laptops, iPods, cell phones, and other electronics without marking up the casing.
Overall, my MCM experience was great! They delivered fast and as promised. Great product, great price!


text:
American Idol
News and views from the stateside Pop Idol spinoff, American Idol and it's judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson
EXCLUSIVE: Jack Pack talk 'whirlwind' year, recording debut album & collaborating with Simon Cowell!
Perrie Edwards and Zayn Malik getting matching tattoos? Jesy Nelson and Jake Roche have!
Dancing on Ice couple Samia Ghadie and Sylvain Longchambon are having a baby boy! What will they name him?
EastEnders Spoilers: Will Lee Carter commit SUICIDE as he battles depression? Danny-Boy Hatchard reveals all…
One Direction Little Mix ROMANCE? Jesy Nelson thinks Jade Thirlwall and Niall Horan have "good chemistry!"
Geordie Shore's Marnie Simpson & TOWIE's Ricky Rayment ENGAGED? Lauren Goodger to have a BABY?
Video of the Day
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text:
Haiku Poetry Prompt Challenge #48
Words: Inspire Loss
[Serious Haiku]
Life's grief remembers
Loss cuts through vein's bleeding pain
Inspire dead poets
Ronovan Writes Weekly Haiku Poetry Prompt – Challenge #48 Inspire Loss
Haiku Poetry Prompt Challenge #48
Words: Inspire Loss
[Serious Haiku]
Life's grief remembers
Loss cuts through vein's bleeding pain
Inspire dead poets
Ronovan Writes Weekly Haiku Poetry Prompt – Challenge #48 Inspire Loss
Stars sparkle in space
Time suspends now in motion
Visions come in one
(c) jk 2015
"emulsifier" by Thomas Medicus
'emulsifier' is a hand painted glass sculpture by Thomas Medicus.
The anamorphic object is made out of 160 glass strips.
more here: thomasmedicus.at/
Private words stolen
Exposing inner secrets
Halt the invasion
© jk 2015
Quiet meditation
Stretch the mind outside of space
Observe all as one
(c) jk 2015
"Solitude" | New Zealand – Timelapse
from Martin Heck/ Timestorm Films
"You do not have to be good.
You do not have to walk on your knees
for a hundred miles through the desert, repenting.
You only have to let the soft animal of your body
love what it loves.
Tell me about despair, yours, and I will tell you mine.
Meanwhile the world goes on.
Meanwhile the sun and the clear pebbles of the rain
are moving across the landscapes,
over the prairies and the deep trees,
the mountains and the rivers.
Meanwhile the wild geese, high in the clean blue air,
are heading home again.
Whoever you are, no matter how lonely,
the world offers itself to your imagination,
calls to you like the wild geese, harsh and exciting –
over and over announcing your place
in the family of things."
"Unending Love"
I seem to have loved you in numberless forms, numberless times…
In life after life, in age after age, forever.
My spellbound heart has made and remade the necklace of songs,
That you take as a gift, wear round your neck in your many forms,
In life after life, in age after age, forever.
Whenever I hear old chronicles of love, it's age old pain,
It's ancient tale of being apart or together.
As I stare on and on into the past, in the end you emerge,
Clad in the light of a pole-star, piercing the darkness of time.
You become an image of what is remembered forever.
You and I have floated here on the stream that brings from the fount.
At the heart of time, love of one for another.
We have played along side millions of lovers,
Shared in the same shy sweetness of meeting,
the distressful tears of farewell,
Old love but in shapes that renew and renew forever.
Today it is heaped at your feet, it has found its end in you
The love of all man's days both past and forever:
Universal joy, universal sorrow, universal life.
The memories of all loves merging with this one love of ours –
And the songs of every poet past and forever."
― Rabindranath Tagore
Hopeless bleeds
Haunts shadows
Mind loses calmness
Raw bones stripped clean
Grinds the deadness
Shadows in the dark
Pretend fear away
Unsuccessful the voices
Breathe stolen images
Nightmares' leftovers
Circle around
Before the grave
Quiet the sound
Words echo
When spoke aloud
Lost in a mine field
Blood explodes
Owns the end
Sanity rejected
Sucks down
The rough terrain
Rips life away
Shreds existence
Dread madness
Releases uncertainty
The light surrenders
Anxiety overwhelms
Fear's strangers
Aloneness within
Consumes Universe
While Nothingness holds court
© jk 2015


text:
Ateshgah Fire Temple of Baku
An ancient Zoroastrian shrine built between the 5th and 7th centuries but possibly worshipped at long before, with seven pillars of flame burning from the ground since records began.
Ateshga literally means "home of fire". Atash آتش is the Persian word for fire and this temple is dedicated to Jwala Ji "flame" in Sanskrit, worshipped by both Zoroastrians and Hindus over the ages.
Our team of four fire performers is excited and keen to bring our largest flames to bear in this humbling and historic location.
The event is high profile but we can't mention specifics yet. The broadcast should follow worldwide shortly!
Easter performances at Hampton Court Palace
To celebrate 500 years of Hampton Court Palace history the palace's south facade will be brought to life with a dramatic display of projection-mapped animation, music and pyrotechnics.
We have the honour to provide a bespoke fire and pyrotechnic effects show for this spectacular event spanning 3 nights. A beautiful event at Hampton Court and an opportunity to see Spark Fire Dance perform live.
Further event details and tickets here:
2014 productions and special events
We've been busy! End of the year is always a crunch and we've been a bit slack on the updates… So here's a concise list of some of the things we've been up to the past 6 months!
Himmel auf Erden – die Weihnachtsshow – Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland
The Han Show – Fire Coach & Flame Effects Consultant – Franco Dragone Entertainment Group – Langfang, China
Caracol TV – 20th festival internacional del humor – Bogota, Colombia
ITV – Keep it in the Family – BBC studios – London, UK
20th anniversary Värde – Kensington Palace – London, UK
Verva Street Racing – Warsaw National Stadium, Poland
Royal Fireworks Display 2014 – Hampton Court Palace, UK
London Fashion Week 2014 – London, UK
Cirque Jules Vernes – Amiens, France
SPAR international convention – Westpoint Arena – Exeter, UK
SAP EU convention – Alte Feuerwache – Mannheim, Germany
Corporate event – Nikki Beach Club – Marbella, Spain
Boomtown Fair 2014 with The Invisible Circus – UK
Grimm's Fairy Tales – Private Event – Village Underground – London, UK
Chalcot House – Private Party – Wiltshire, UK
1920's theme Wedding – Pennsylvania Castle – UK
Midsummer Night's Dream – Private Estate – UK
Boomtown Fair 2014 with the Invisible Circus
Piratical adventures with the Invisible Circus on the Jolly Dodger, a full scale 80ft pirate ship built onsite for Boomtown Fair 2014.
Another fantastic chance to work with this amazing crew who fought through blazing hot rehearsals and storms that threatened to break the ship apart (we did lose a lighting tower!) bringing a nail biting tale of the high seas to the eager crowd.
Spark Fire Dance were commissioned to create the finale for the show. An epic battle scene involving replica cannon shots and rockets fired over the crowds heads, sword fights, stunt falls and setting the ship on fire, literally!
Two weeks of preparation included soundtrack creation, custom costumes and design of the ship mounted pyrotechnics display which featured line rockets, maroons, bengals, flares, airbursts and 28 simulated cannon shots from the portside guns.
We choreographed the onstage action to ensure maximum effect from our signature Dragon Fire systems and handheld pyro props while ensuring the safety of the cast and crew despite wind hazards and proximity.
One of the interesting challenges of this production was providing a 10m wide deck fire effect to simulate the Jolly Roger on fire in the midst of lighting, monitors, authentic heshian rigging and wooden decking.
Site specific risk assessments were prepared factoring in the distinct hazards of the set and situation including the unpredictable wind. A speciality low flash point fuel dispersal system was built to facilitate the effect, successfully lighting up the whole side of the ship while allowing the cast to safely perform just two feet away from the flames and ensuring sets and equipment were never affected.
Some great shots of the action below. We're eagerly waiting for some spider cam footage from the show and will post it soon!
Fire Coach and Flame Effects consulting
A very special Fire Coach and Flame Effects consulting contract off to a good start with a Langfang mission success. 2 x 18 hour transits, 5 x 12 hour days coaching in up to 36 degree heat, 6 crazy ninja's and 2 fire stewards trained and ready for action.
Dan drilled these cast and crew with as much fire knowledge as he could cram in thanks to the help of 4 translators, 18 technical and safety documents, 6 mandarin translations and 2 extensive reports. This production now has some pretty cool fire to play with.
This top secret creation by one of the worlds premiere show makers is definitely ambitious and will be a very impressive spectacle. Hosted in a 40 million dollar custom built theatre with three 11 x 7 meter moveable LED screens, 2,000 seats that rotate to reveal an 8-meter-deep pool, and many many more surprises… If you can drop by Wuhan after Dec 20th we highly recommend you check it out!
And they burn….
We won't be joining our fellow burners and fire family out on the playa at Burning Man this year… but here's a very special composition titled 'Lake of Dreams' in their honour. Beautifully shot and soundtracked by Roy Two Thousand
Fire performers 2014 events – Weddings, palaces, private parties and more
2014 has been non stop so far!
After returning from the tour with Art on Ice through Switzerland, Sweden and Finland (see the spectacular photo's here) we were soon off to rather an adventurous gig in Nigeria. Two promotional nights in the city of Enugu for one of the countries largest beverage companies. Despite an unfortunately necessary heavy security presence after an attempted car jacking the event was great fun and well received by a very excited crowd.
Several TV interviews, 6 acts over 2 nights and sharing the stage with former colleagues and good friends from Cirque du Soleil! Srikanta Barefoot and Jorge Silvestre. A rather exotic destination for a reunion performance!
Next up was a special event in Mannheim Germany for the multinational software corporation SAP.
The venue was an old fire station converted into an amazing events space. We welcomed the strict OH&S requirements and provided a demonstration of our effects for the city fire marshall. A great chance to show off our extensive risk assessments and safety documentation which Stephanie prepared in German for the clients convenience.
Back to the UK for a beautiful and unique garden party held on a simple gorgeous estate in Kent. Themed 'Midsummers Night Dream' we created custom fire elf characters to enchant the guests and bring a touch of magic into the night.
We enjoyed it so much, and received such fantastic feedback we've developed the characters into a permanent act. Beautiful roving creatures available for weddings, anniversaries and other outdoor events.
Some more recent shows include a spectacular company anniversary for Värde at Kensington Palace, a 50's theme remix of our Electroswing fire show for a performance at the O2 arena, and a completely bespoke commissioned piece based on Grimms Fairy Tales for a very special private party in London's Village Underground.
Some pictures and recent feedback below, More on the way soon plus some very exciting news and developments!
"I knew from your video clips & past experience that you'd be good, but I had no idea just how spectacular, how daring, how imaginative & yes magical, your sets would be. Your act is poetic & powerful.
I love the way you used the space of the garden to create surprise, your entrances & exits perfectly judged the crowd & atmosphere. They added a highly charged & gorgeous energy to the evening, that I shall never forget.
We were completely blown away by your feats. So many people, in singling out what has been memorable for them, have mentioned both of you." – Remy Blumenfeld
I wanted to say a MASSIVE THANK YOU for Saturday! You were truly amazing and the show you devised was stunning!… and how on it you are with H&S. It really put me at ease!
The client absolutely loved it – I quote "I wanted to thank you both and the whole team for putting on the party of our dreams!" – Anna Bosanko, Rouge Events
Excerpt from an upcoming interview for Fire Arts Magazine:
- What do you mean by Clean Burning fuel and would you consider White Gas (Coleman's Fuel) to be clean?
Well that's a bit subjective. 'Clean' is a meaningless term except in marketing and perhaps I should not have used it.
You could take 'clean' to mean odourless, smoke/carbon black free or non toxic, and in 2 of those 3 definitions 'Coleman's' is clearly a better choice than some of the Australians kerosene use or the British with their paraffin.
However if your looking at a lack of potential toxicity then some of the isoparaffins are the clear winner. These are highly refined aliphatic branched chain isomers with a high degree of purity and specific properties including very little or no odour.
I use isoparrafins with very very low naphthalene (not to be confused with naphthas) sulphur and aromatic contents (aromatic has nothing to do with smell but for hydrocarbons refers to benzene/toluene i.e. bad stuff). I like to see aromatics lower that 0.05% and prefer 0.01% or lower.
The great thing is isoparaffins are available in a range of flash points and are used in a range of specialist industries worldwide. It doesn't mean you can pick them up at the corner store but they are available if you know how to request it from a distributor professionally.
In contrast Colemans (aka White Gas, VM&P Naphtha, Coleman Fuel) although very low in benzene can apparently be up to 25% n-hexane and 15% cyclohexane. Both n-hexane and cyclohexane have strict occupational exposure limits and the potential with long term repeated exposure to induce neuropathy (nerve damage). Coleman Fuel contains up to 25% n-hexane and up to 15% cyclohexane by weight (Calumet, 1998). Vol. 1, No. 9: Clandestine Drug Labs/ Methamphetamine Sept 2003 Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)
The perspective we need to keep in mind is the amount of exposure. You might think your closely exposed while fire dancing but it's actually relatively small exposure during the actual performance compared to amounts of fumes and vapours workers in the trucking or painting industries experience day to day. However the exposure prior and post performance could be of concern.
You see given sufficient oxygen the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon produces just carbon dioxide and water.
Combustion tends to be less complete as the number of carbon atoms in the fuel contents rise, typified by a yellow smoky flame which are carbons left over as the hydrogen bonds to the first available oxygen and the more complex volatile carbons get left over.
Colemans is a mix of compounds with lower numbers of carbon atoms (shorter/lighter) than fuels such as lamp oils or the British 'paraffins' (a frustratingly archaic and non specific term) which have more carbon atoms (longer/heavier… keep going heavier and you'll get to wax).
So Colemans burns relatively efficiently, quiet easily compared to heavier fuels… but it's not during combustion where I would surmise the danger.
I believe the danger for high exposure is during 'spinning off' when you are creating a dense cloud of vapour around yourself, and post show with left over vapours streaming off the hot props, not being burnt away but building up (especially in confined spaces) and being breathed in by the performers and anyone else backstage.
So I advise, no matter the fuel, cover your mouth with a mask or cloth or at the very least hold your breath while spinning off until the vapour dissipates (or avoid that technique altogether, feel free to ask me how) AND when extinguishing a prop keep it wrapped in your wet towel (or wet molleton/duvetyne) until you can get it into a well ventilated area or it has cooled down entirely.
If you want to be careful and professional then I would recommend a look into isoparaffins.
Taking milk thistle extract and alpha lipoic acid semi regularly would also be a reasonable precaution.
P.S. based on my reading and extrapolation of Cirque du Soleil's results with Passive Organic Vapor Monitors during testing on the Zaia show, I would estimate we're looking at exposure of 60-90ppm (as hexane) during fire performance, and between 500 up to a max of 1000ppm during spin off or next to hot extinguished props assuming a large indoor space.
The 8-hour Time-Weighted-Average for n-hexane is 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3).
Please credit Dan Miethke & sparkfiredance.com in all reproductions. I am not interesting in retailing fuel (for now) and am concerned for the health of my brothers and sisters so share the above with the best of intent however YMMV and all the above is not to be misconstrued as heath or chemistry advice from a professional!
************ This is a work in progress and will be updated as I collate new information and understandings. *************
Big thanks to Matt Silence for his input as a analytical chemist and Ed Hollings as a chemical engineer… Also thanks to Callan Morgan for introducing me to my first isoparrafin nearly 15 years ago, and Gabe Monson for doing the same for many up in Brisbane… Arashi Seiraika, Vatra Amidzich, Gora Krisztian and Rusty Kilpatrick for their own research and insights…. and the wider community at large for their contributions… I love you all ★♥★!!!
Some final images and video from an amazing tour with Art on Ice
Arena & stadium special effects for Art on Ice 2014 production tour
See more images of our acts in our Image Gallery, and clips of our shows and effects in our Vimeo Video Gallery
A big thank you to the amazing photographers who captured these moments!
Michele Bollhalder-Seidenz who has won an Editors Award for this shot
Dominique Schreckling
Jeannine Bourdiau
Daniel Mitchell
on tour…
New bespoke flame effects – Fire breathing swords for 'Art on Ice' production
Check out our newest and biggest effects, created for Art on Ice and premiered in the Hallestadion in Zurich.
These massive fire swords create a huge cloud of fire with Dan in the middle of it all. This fire stunt culminates in Dan lighting beautiful helix trails of fire on the ice.
Such a fantastic cast and crew to work with. More footage and photos to come. The entire show will be broadcast on March 23rd.
Art on Ice – Zurich premiere
A wild week of effects design and testing, rehearsals, choreography and some last minute arrivals of the olympic gold medalist cast members, direct from Sochi, all culminating in our spectacular premiere show Thursday night!
Resounding success to a huge crowd. Ten thousand people in the Hallenstadion Zurich. One show done today, another tonight and two tomorrow, then we're off to Lausanne.
Zurich, Lausanne, Davos, Helsinki, Stockholm…. Spark Fire Dance on tour!
We're flying out to Switzerland today to perform as part of the 'Art on Ice' production, with a cast including 'Hurts' and other former Cirque du Soleil and Olympic athletes!
We'll be presenting brand new even larger fire and special effects and will be literally setting the ice on fire in front of a projected tour live audience of more than 100,000 spectators. The shows will also be recorded and broadcast worldwide!
Hallenstadion Zurich, Thursday 27th Feb.
Patinoire de Malley Lausanne, Tuesday, March 4
Vaillant Arena Davos, Friday, March 7
Hartwall Arena Helsinki, Tuesday, March 11
Globe Arena Stockhom, Thursday, March 13
One of our superstar performers with a flamethrower in slow motion! Naomi rocking Top Gear Live
Check out Naomi Lynch, one of our amazing performers here at Spark Fire Dance, performing for Top Gear Live, setting porches alight with dual flamethrowers… in mad Slo Mo!!
Naomi's an amazing performer who you can see in action in our Fire Fury act!
Open letter response to America's Got Talent
We feel that productions with budget can do better than to ask artists with highly skilled or dangerous acts to perform simply for 'exposure'.
It undermines the professionalism of the circus arts industry and disrespects the years of effort it takes to attain these talents.
Hi Carter,
Thanks for getting in contact.
To give you an idea of what we could present you can see a recent TV performance of ours on 'Beat the Best' in France here: vimeo.com/sparkfire/lemeilleurartiste
Our performers are UK based however we are available worldwide for bookings.
I'm happy to talk further about ways we could bring our unique performances to the screen with your production.
The only hesitation I have is the unfortunate issue we've encountered with many previous 'Got Talent' enquiries, the inability of the producers to organise fee's for the not inconsiderable time and effort of professional artists performance.
Would this be different for the 'grand daddy' of the Got Talent series, the American version?
We had a fantastic experience with 'Beat the Best' who not only pay full fees but also offer great tech support and whose guiding principle seems to be a desire to display their contestants and their skills in the best possible light.
If you feel your producers share these goals I would be more than happy to discuss and negotiate options to offer our services.
Look forward to hearing from you.
Best Regards,
Dan Miethke
Spark Fire Dance
Hi Dan,
This is Carter Palmer, part of the casting team for America's Got Talent Season 9, based out of Fremantle Media offices in Los Angeles, California. I came across your incredible fire dance videos and was very impressed! I know you all are based out of the U.K…. but I'd love to submit a video of their performance to our producers.
I'd love to speak with you both over the phone to answer any questions and hopefully book this! It could be a fun experience for you all to meet our producers and find out more about the show. Our show has been sold in 147 international territories and being a part of this show gives you incredible exposure around the world.
Hope to hear from you soon!
Carter Palmer
Casting Associate
America's Got Talent Season 9
UK Fire show premiere… London to Paris for 'le Meilleur Artiste'
Unique new act based in London, available across the UK, Europe and the Middle East.
We took part in the french version of 'Beat the Best' where we performed our speciality Electroswing Fire Show. The pressure was on and had a hard time finding a suitable rehearsal space to accommodate our large scale special effects and stunts, but it all came together and we are very pleased to present our performance!
The jury was taken aback and felt the heat of our 'Dragon Fire' effects and we loved their comments!
Full Transcript:
To take over the couch at The Best, we're welcoming a couple coming from the UK, Spark Fire Dance
Dan and Steffi travel the world with their Fire Dance Show.
Dan: Fire dancing is a unique combination of prop manipulation, martial arts and dance. We've performed all over the world in over 80 cities and more than 40 countries around the world. I've worked with Cirque du Soleil.
Normally the fire artists just light up the end of a prop and then complete figures by spinning, juggling and throwing the prop.
Presenter: Dan and Steffi literally dance with the fire. Dan has created their speciality props which allow them to include special effects into their circus acts, similar to a firebreather, as here where Dan literally sets his partner on fire.
Dan: To be out there on stage with fire is to work with something that's moving and alive. To manipulate that power and to work with that power is an amazing thing.
Presenter: Their fire shows have been performed in more than 40 countries. They dance with fire in an incredibly modern act created especially for this competition.
Welcome to the stage of "The Best"… Spark Fire Dance!
Ladies and gentlemen please show your appreciation for Spark Fire Dance who have literally set the tent on fire tonight.
It goes without saying that these are two experienced circus artists. Don't try to do this at home next to the BBQ, it won't work and it could be very dangerous.
Well, Spark Fire Dance have they lit up the audience and the jury?
We will know in just an moment. You have a few seconds to give the two of them a rating out of ten.
And it's finished!
Alessandra: I watched you during this number and I thought 'Wow, Wow!'
Presenter: So was it 'Wow' for you Alessandra?
Alessandra: Absolutely, I'm scared of even a matchstick, so I was really amazed.
I truly had the impression that I was part of a fire works display.
There were sparks everywhere, even in my eyes, because it was so beautiful… and also what this very, very beautiful and talented Miss did with her sort of fans.
I've seen it done before, but only with feathers – notably, Zizi Jeanmaire in a choreography of Roland Petit 'Mon truc en Plumes'… I found this very, very beautiful, choreographically very accomplished.
They are courageous, they are good looking, they are young, Truly they have a lot to offer … 8.1 points!
Presenter: Arturo, what did you think of this number?
Arturo: I have truly never seen anything like it.
I liked the mix of Jazz with Fire, it gave visions of some kind of gambling den or casino, with the devil playing cards. The production is extraordinary.
It reminded me of the acts that were performed back in the grand theatres of music halls, some rare exceptional acts of the 40s and 50s… truly!
So, I gave you 7.5 points.
Presenter: Well, this is equally a good score for Arturo Brachetti, a very good score!
So Lara, you have been pretty much in accord with Alessandra from the beginning of this series…
Lara: I thought that the level of difficulty transcended was absolute.
I think if you play with an element so vivd and so dangerous as fire with such mastery, you can't be anything but 'The Best'.
Alessandra is right in repeating, you are exceptional.
Unique in what you do and very novel.
I've given you 7.5 points.
Presenter: And we will finish with Sébastien Stella…
Sébastien: In The United Sates I see a lot of fire acts, fire eaters, fire jugglers, Thus I loved the innovations here.
He was able to research how to create much bigger flames. I like it when a fire performer is able to play with the risk and with the audience and to bring the flames so close to the audience as you did.
Arturo: Lara, she's got a tan now, look! Only from the front… You haven't lost your eyelashes, have you?
Sébastien: I think now at this level of prop manipulation, of knowing the fire, I really hope that they will continue pushing the limits and to create more works together.
I gave 7.1 points.
Presenter: All scores above 7 for Spark Fire Dance. In an instance we will se the average score of the jury.
7.6 points, excellent score! A tiny little bit lower than the one of Hamish McCann.
It's the public again that will make the difference.
To go up these stairs you have to get a score higher than 16.4.
The jury, I remind you, has given you a score of 7.6.
Let's all see if the public has followed the opinion of the jury…
score counter… (drum roll)
14.7 …
Unfortunately this won't be enough.
Thank you, for your presentation.
The Australian pole dancer Hamish McCann has maintained his position against his first challengers
The deluge of fire and the choreography of Spark Fire Dance have not topped it.
The competition stops here for Dan and Steffi.
Alessandra: Spark Fire Dance – I found them outstanding, very dangerous and very impressive and very elegant at the same time. They act, they literally play with fire, acrobatics, dance, all of it.
Thanks to The Best, we can see they are dream makers…. I think they could have very well risen to the Finals!
Madinat Jumeirah Arabian Resort New Years Eve performances
Duo flame gangster pizazz, sexy circus without breaking a sweat
Another amazing shot here with Steffi's Dragon fire in full swing.
These effects create a beautiful finale for our acts that your audience can actually feel as the heat pushes them back in their seats.
Massive fire breathing style FX entertainment
Getty Images shoot – Super detailed fire effects
We recently collaborated with an acclaimed photographer from Getty images, Ian Gavan, on a mission to capture some of the full force of the fire we're working with.
Our first shoot with him was out on a beautiful beach location at Saunton Sands here in the UK.
Heavy winds were a major challenge and we had to race to catch some sunset shots, but we persevered and got some amazing material thanks to Ians superb skills behind the lens.
The shots will be going out as an interest pice to selected news agencies online galleries.
Some more fantastic images will be posted over the next few weeks.
MTFX Flame Jet finale with Starlight productions & Cirque Bijou
We shared the stage with MTFX for a beautiful private event at Dumfries house in Scotland with Starlight Productions and Cirque Bijou.
Great to meet a couple of their crew and have a good chat about fire tech. Check out their wild flame jet systems firing after our 'Ultimate FX!' act!
The Best, le meilleur Artiste on TF1 – Spark Fire Dance on Beat the Best!
Our performance for "The Best, le meilleur Artiste" has just aired on Frances TF1!
We haven't even seen it yet but the feedback we're getting is fantastic. We're so excited to have performed our act to such a wide audience in France, Switzerland, Belgium etc.
Footage should be up soon. Until then just a couple of photos!
l'émission 7 de The Best, le meilleur artiste
Fire and light shows in Mexico & the US
We're back in Mexico again for one of our favorite events, the San Luis Potosí Feria Nacional 2013!
3 days of intensive rehearsals and we're hitting the stage with an innovative show featuring some amazing acrobats, shadow dancers and projection performances by Flowmotion Dance Company. Three power packing 16k lumen projectors making it a remarkable light show.
The audiences are loving our signature 'Dragons Breath' fireball effects, similar in effect to a firebreathers burst, it's a fantastic human flamethrower impression, without any of the health dangers or messiness of firebreathing!
We have flame masters shooting propane flames across the top of the 16 meter wide stage as our pyro dancers add maximum wow factor to the show with pyrotechnic doublestaffs and poi. A fantastic fire and light show for a very appreciative local audience.
20 shows here over the next 3 weeks, then on to Black Rock City, Nevada and Burning Man where we'll be lighting up the events stages with a bespoke special effects show at Fractal Nation and Nexus with a heap of other great circus performers.
It'll be non stop party entertainment, but educational as well!
We'll not only be canvasing the other entertainment companies and circus freaks for cutting edge event performance ideas but also dropping into the TEDxBlackRockCity which is at Burning Man for the third year in a row!
The theme is 'Paradigm shift' with a great lineup of speakers. Should be some fascinating material.
- Pyrotechnics Poi dancer at Mexico Feria 2013
2013, what a huge year so far!
A bit of a catch up post for us, we've been flat out!
Cannes Film Festival & Monaco Force Blue Superyacht
2 weeks of high rollers galore as we performed on a super yacht in Monaco with the superstars of LMFAO and added our flaming signature to customised productions for the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Paris – Le Meilleur Artiste
We recently had an amazing two days of filming for the exclusive french talent show, Le Meilleur Artiste! with our new Electroswing Fire act featured. Screening across europe on Frances TF1 later this year.
Mexico – Leon Feria 2013
We spent the winter months on contracts in North America and performed our fire shows and aerial acts at one of the largest Ferias in Mexico to over 15,000 people a day!
The audiences were fantastic, super enthusiastic about circus. What a pleasure to be welcomed with so much warm applause by people from all walks of life.
Week days was an early rise for performances at 10am! Not usual for us, but the audience totally made it worth
it. 5000 kids from surrounding towns screaming with joy. They'd never seen entertainment anything like our fire and pyrotechnics shows and were more than happy to share their excitement with us.
It was great to be working at the same festival as the amazing circus company 'Les 7 Doigts de la Main'. Fantastic to train and hang out with some of their team.
London – Mercedes Benz Winter Ball – Fire and Ice
A recent corporate event where we performed with several other stunning circus acts.
We performed our Fire Fury act to bring some warmth to Mercedes Benz's Winter Ball.
The gala dinner was held in the beautiful Lindley Hall in London, one of the stunning halls of the Royal Horticulture Society built in 1904 and placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest.
The setup and decor was beautiful with a central stage which had us performing in the round very
close to the audience.
The guests were more than warmed up after our fire show, with several comments quite taken aback by the sheer intensity. Nice to make an impression!
Lisbon – Boehringer Ingelheim
Boehringer Ingelheim held an annual congress in the beautiful seaside Hotel Cascais Miragem with delegates from across Europe.
To round off the corporate congress we performed our duo fire show 'Fire Fury'.
Our 'Dragons Breath' fireball effects were supplemented with a fire cannon array shooting across the front of stage. A combination which proved to be a fantastic hit.
Qatar – Heir Apparent's Cup
A short high power performance in Khalifa International Stadium, Doha Qatar.
We supervised a team of five fire performers brought out to light up the stadium for the opening of the largest football event in Qatar this year. Special effects and maximum fire power were brought to bear on this unique event which was broadcast to fans worldwide!
Switzerland – Hotel Royale
High impact custom freestyle fire for an exclusive event thrown by the world renowned Hed Kandi events. Overlooking Geneva Lake at the prestigious Hotel Royale.
London – Responsys
All the stops were out for a maximum wow factor version of our Electroswing Fire Show at the Lancaster in London. Rockabilly swing theme was the name of the game here and with some fantastic MC'ing by Mario Queen of the Circus and our X factor corporate entertainment the night was a hilarious and high powered success.
Kuwait – World Futsal tournament
46 degrees outside! Luckily we were indoors for this custom production of the opening ceremonies of the World Futsal tournament.
Acrobats, dancers, aerialists, wall runners, martial tricksters and our fireballs and flaming choreographed fire show, custom tailored to a tango theme to represent the South American teams!
UK – Festival of Speed – Goodwood
10 Freestyle motocross riders jumping over us and an F1 onstage as we let loose some massive handheld fire effects for this exclusive private production for Lord Goodwood's event!
Aerial fire fans and our 'Dragons Breath' swords were just the warm up if you can believe it, finishing our act with a duo human pyrotechnic finale and supported with a huge sky lighting fireworks display.
Edinburgh – Sky TV
An amazing arena setup for Sky TV's annual family day. 10,000 people and two huge shows. A great chance to pull out all the stops and give our biggest effects the space to really light the place up! The clients confided that they were worried two people could not fill the 15 meter wide stage, but once they saw the first show they were completely blown away. What a rush to get such feedback!
Adventures in Istanbul
We're loving exploring this fascinating city between our shows. It's a gorgeous mixture of Asian, Middle East and European influence. Really stunning, beautiful & different. We look forward to coming back for more events or productions and getting to know the city even more.
We're in Istanbul for a weeks run of performances in the 'Illuminaire' Phoenix production.
The 2000 seater theatre is looking great and the city is splashed with billboards advertising the show, which features artists from across europe.
Our hotel overlooks the Bosphorus, watching the sun rise over the Istanbul straight dividing the European and Asian continents, it's a great place to bridge our past 2 years work in Asia and celebrate our new focus on Europe.
It's a fascinating city, throbbing with the pulse of 14 million people, gleaming scrapers rising out of neighborhoods with 600 year old spice bazaar's.
The city is rapidly growing and the event entertainment market seems poised to embrace the next level of corporate quality acts and cirque style shows.
Our local connection speaks of the modernization of Istanbul's conference and business sector outpacing even the cities rapid population growth in recent years, with the development of the events services industry expanding fast to cater to the new wave of Turkish entertainment requirements, product launches and exclusive private functions.
Dress rehearsals and media previews are under way and the performers and crew are getting ready to rock with a fiery pyrotechnics and circus extravaganza premiere tomorrow night.


text: Mobile Galaxy S III nears: Samsung announces May 3 event for "next Galaxy" April 16, 2012 6:18 AM Devindra Hardawar 0 If you're not reaching, engaging, and monetizing customers on mobile, you're likely losing them to someone else. Register now for the 8th annual MobileBeat, July 13-14, where the best and brightest will be exploring the latest strategies and tactics in the mobile space. After months of rumors about the Galaxy S III smartphone, Samsung has finally sent out press invites for a London event on May 3, asking attendees to "Come and meet the next Galaxy." There's a hint of Apple coyness to the invite, and some are already speculating if Samsung will go with a different naming scheme for the Galaxy S III. But given the power of its flagship Android brand, I don't think Samsung will pull anything akin to the "new iPad" reveal. Samsung has its work cut out for it this time around. The company launched the original Galaxy S on the top four carriers in the U.S., which quickly led to it becoming the top Android handset. But now Apple's iPhone is on AT&T, Verizon, and Sprint, as well as more carriers internationally, so Samsung is going to have stiffer competition with the next iPhone. Most recently, we've heard that the Galaxy S III could sport a huge 4.8-inch screen (bigger than Google's flagship Galaxy Nexus) as well as a ceramic case and quad-core processor. The phone could be as thin a 7 millimeters, and is expected to feature updated cameras as well. By this point, it's a given that it will sport Android 4.0 and LTE connectivity. VB's research team is studying mobile user acquisition... Chime in here, and we'll share the results.


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Description from the manager
Description from the manager
Bedrooms: 3/
Bathrooms: 3/
Sleeps: 6/
Type: Villa
This new, contemporary home on the hillside of Lurin has been beautifully designed inside and out and offers stunning ocean views from its large terrace, making it one of our must-see St. Barts villas. Nestled in the Caribbean Sea, the island of St. Barts is known for luxury, celebrity spotting and its appeal for being both private and prestigious.
Let your worries melt away as you enjoy majestic ocean views from the cool waters of the infinity-edge pool, a swim-up gazebo with shaded seating extends into the pool when you're ready to dry off. Later, choose from one of the many stylish loungers spread throughout the wooden terrace and relax in ...Read more
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Tuesday, May 12, 2015
6 comments
I havn't blogged in almost a month. I've been on spark people almost every day but kinda just as a formality, I wasn't really sticking to any plan or staying within my daily range.
I've been hovering between 303 and 300 lbs for the whole... Read more
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
2 comments
So i've been back and forth doing a few courses the past few weeks. Not eating very well for the first few of them with all the travelling and visiting with friends and eating fast food a few times.
I've stabilized my travel a bit and am... Read more
Wednesday, February 18, 2015
3 comments
I normally write a blog entry on Mondays after I weigh in. So this week wasn't very successful and I just didn't feel like writing about it on Monday. Feeling more upbeat today and back into the routine again. Sort of.....
I left my old ... Read more
Monday, February 09, 2015
3 comments
So I was surprised and pleased to find I was down this week. I ate out a total of 4 times, which included Thai one day, subway(footlong) another day. Pizza one night with soda to drink, and Chinese last night. And I didn't track much all week... Read more
Tuesday, February 03, 2015
2 comments
So week 4 went quite well. Down 2.8 lbs for a total of 7 so far. I had been reading blogs from others lately that were all about juice fasts and the like. I have tried juicing before and enjoyed it, I like the taste and I di find it can be ni... Read more
Monday, January 26, 2015
4 comments
Got back from my Florida vacation late last night. Weighed in this morning - down 1.2 lbs. that's almost unheard of for me to lose weight while away on vacation. But I worked for it let me tell you.
My mother and I were staying at a nice ... Read more
Monday, January 19, 2015
4 comments
Week 2 I found it a bit easier to get it together and keep to my daily maximums. Down 3 lbs overall which was nice since I maintained during my first week on the program. Vacationing in Florida for a week with my mother, travelling down here wa... Read more
Monday, January 12, 2015
4 comments
So I've completed one week back on Spark People. I was moderately on track through out. the first half of the week I was really disciplined and tracked faithfully. The end of the week however I ended up eating out with friends 3 days in a row... Read more
Monday, January 05, 2015
3 comments
I've been away from Spark People since about March of Last year. Sadly since then I've gained back all the weight I had lost previously and about 20 extra lbs.
New Year, New Start, New me!
Starting over. I've reset all my goal c... Read more
Friday, February 28, 2014
0 comments
So I just arrived home again yesterday. So glad to be back, the internet was so pathetic at work the past month It was a struggle just to check my e-mail. It's a joy to have a speedy internet connection again. However it is freezing here at h... Read more
Monday, February 17, 2014
2 comments
So my ship has been in Dry dock for 2 weeks now. I am slowly going out of my mind. The internet is terrible here. You would think that it would be better since we are actually on Shore, but our main system is down for repairs and we are on an... Read more
Wednesday, January 22, 2014
3 comments
So I have recently taken over as the leader of the group representing everyone who joined the same week as I did. The Group is SP Class of 9-15 June 2013. It used to have a few people who were very active and were keeping a few things going co... Read more
Monday, January 06, 2014
2 comments
Well the Christmas season is finally over. Most people are back to work and or school.
We had some insanely cold weather on the East Coast of Canada the last week. -20 for several days running. Yesterday it finally broke and we had a toasty... Read more
Thursday, January 02, 2014
1 comments
So I started out the 'holiday season doing quite well, I was down a few more pounds and holding well. Sadly after the family finally left my house I crashed and burned. For about 3 days straight I ate everything in sight. There was a lot of l... Read more
Wednesday, December 25, 2013
2 comments
I'm the first one up on Christmas morning, so I got a weigh in in a few days early. I've been eating very well and doing my swimming so I knew I was having a successful week. Down 1.8 lbs. I wanted to have it recorded so I would know exactly ... Read more


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I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Middle of the Road
I don't really have a favorite spot I usually have fun anywhere! I do love the beach!
I like to watch IU and UofL basketball and Colts football. I like to go out to eat and have fun, but also like laying on the couch and watching movies!
I like to do everything! In the summer i like going to the lake, swimming, bonfires, and hanging with my friends and family. I like to go shopping, watch movies, laughing until my side hurts, take walks, hike, go on vacation, and ride go carts!
Last thing I read was a womens fitness magazine!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'7" (170cms)
|5'7" (170cms) to 7'0" (213cms)
|Body type:
|About average
|Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds
|No preference
|Light brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No preference
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Other profession
|No preference
|$35,001 to $50,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|No preference
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|No preference
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|White / Caucasian
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Anime Expo 2016 Registration - July 1st - July 4th
- Film, Media & Entertainment
- 1201 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, 90015
The Original Room with Joel 'tha jamaicon' Anderson!
Joel Anderson
Saturday, November 9, 2013 from 7:15 PM to 9:45 PM (PST)
"Comedians call it the hardest room in the country and audience members call it the best."
If you haven't seen Joel 'tha jamaicon' Anderson perform yet at The Comedy Store here's your chance! Come see him perform on Nov. 9 @ 7:15 in The Original Room! haha This will be fun so bring your fun faces!
*two drink minimum plus entry fee*
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Williams:
Dr. Williams' Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Williams' Specialties
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- View 1 specialty
Procedures Dr. Williams Performs
- Colporrhaphy
- Colposcopy
- See all 17 procedures
Conditions Dr. Williams Treats
- Asymptomatic Post-Menopausal Status
- Breech Position
- See all 39 conditions
More About Dr. Williams' Background
Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- Trios Women's and Children's Hospital
- 900 South Auburn Street
- Kennewick, WA 99336
- Kadlec Regional Medical Center
- 888 Swift Boulevard
- Richland, WA 99352
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Williams
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Williams to family and friends is 4 out of 5 5 1 4
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
- Tri-Cities Community Health
- Tri-Cities Community Health
- 515 W Court St
- Pasco, WA 99301
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
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West-Roxbury News
Local news for West-Roxbury, MA continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
West Roxbury Residents Named to Dean's List at UNH
Monday | Patch.com | Comment?
Sunscreen dispensers coming to Boston parks
Monday | WHDH | Comment?
West Roxbury Presents A Local Artist Series
Monday Jun 29 | Patch.com | Comment?
Wow! House: Newly Constructed, Custom Cabinetry, Granite Countertops, ...
Things to Do in Jamaica Plain Area This Weekend
Things to Do in West Roxbury Area This Weekend
American Terrorism: Plain and Simple
terrorism 190
25 Stars Who Went From Geeky to Ultra-Fine
How Should the US Government Respond to ISIS?
Ex-ADA says Conley fired him in retaliation
Friday Jun 26 | Boston.com | Comment?
Danvers Resident Volunteered at the 2015 Corrib Road Race
Friday Jun 26 | Patch.com | Comment?
Boston to offer free sunscreen in some city parks
Thursday Jun 25 | Boston.com | Comment?
Dedicated Crossing Guard Retires from West Roxbury Post After 42 Years
Thursday Jun 25 | Patch.com | Comment?
Judge Approves Hearing in Dedham's Injunction Against Pipeline Project
Tuesday Jun 23 | Patch.com | Comment?
Woman Arrested at Travelodge in Natick on Multiple Warrant Charges
Tuesday Jun 23 | Patch.com | Comment?
West Roxbury Area at 'Slight' Risk for Damaging Storms Tuesday
Pit Bull Helps Save Life of West Roxbury Resident
West Roxbury Library Presents A Local Author Series
Owner Credits Rescue Pit Bull 'Sweet Dee' For Saving His Life
Monday Jun 22 | CBS Local | Comment?
West Roxbury's Weather Forecast: Possibility of Severe Storms to Start Week
Sunday Jun 21 | Patch.com | Comment?
Updated: Wed Jul 01, 2015 09:48 am
Copyright © 2015 Topix LLC


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Christmas Decorating Tips
From recycling favorite holiday cards to trimming a tree with treats, these holiday decorating ideas are fun and frugal.
Recycling Holiday Cards
- Recycle a card into a gift tag. Just punch a small hole and attach it to the present with ribbon.
- Trace the card design onto a magnet sheet, and then cut it out with a craft knife. Glue the card to the magnet and decorate your fridge!
- Glue portions of six different cards to the sides of wooden blocks for separate puzzles. Have the kids do it themselves during their holiday break!
Tree-Trimming Tips
- The first step in decorating a Christmas tree is the addition of the lights. To accommodate the separate strands, run a green or brown extension cord up the middle of the tree along the trunk and begin wrapping the lights around the branches so there are lights throughout the entire tree.
- For every vertical foot of tree, you'll need a string of about 100 lights.
- Choose a variety of extra greens (faux holly stems, snow-covered pine branches or simple berry bunches) to give the tree additional interest and texture. Tuck them in throughout the tree and bend the stems around the tree branches to keep them in place.
- Add garland (popcorn, cranberries, beads, sparkly stars, candy cane roping or even silver and gold ribbons). The idea is to swag the garland, creating a soft and flowing progression through the tree.
- When adding ornaments, begin with the largest and end with the smallest. The larger ornaments will be focal points and perfect placement is critical so place them where they will have the most impact. Fill in the rest of the tree with the smaller ornaments, being sure to balance color, size and shape.
- The last step to decorating a perfect Christmas tree is the topper and that can be just about anything as long as it matches the theme of your tree.
- Finally, don't forget to water the tree daily so it doesn't become a fire hazard.
Next Up
Top 10 Tips for Holiday Decorating From Angelo Surmelis
Get Angelo's favorite ideas for getting ready and through the holiday season with limited stress and a whole lot of fun.
5 Tips and Tricks for Extra Holiday Twinkle
Here are some creative ways to drape and place dazzling indoor Christmas lights.
Cowboy Christmas Decorations Add Western Flair
A resident of Durango, Colo., recycles barn antiques for an Old West-style holiday.
12 Tips for Holiday Entertaining Success
Host Sandra Lee shares 12 expert tips to make holiday decorating and entertaining a snap.
Christmas Rose Pomander
Create a Christmas Rose Pomander to add fragrance and an elegant touch to your holiday decorations.
Pine Cone Ornament for Your Christmas Tree
Easily create iridescent pine cone ornaments to decorate a Christmas tree or to add a festive touch to wrapped gifts.
Snow Globe Christmas Ornament
Create playful ornaments to add a frosty touch to your Christmas tree.
Christmas at Biltmore
Celebrating the holidays in grand Gilded Age style is a time-honored tradition at Asheville, N.C.'s Biltmore House. Tour the grand mansion, decked in Christmas finery, plus get decorating tips from Biltmore's experts so you can bring the luxe look home.
Silver Spoon Christmas Ornament
Create sparkling ornaments with vintage silverware and a bit of bling.
Card Stock Christmas Ornaments
These scallop-edged card stock ornaments are a quick and inexpensive way to add a colorful touch to your Christmas tree.
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Oil Spills:
Cost of Major Spills May Impact Viability of Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund
GAO-10-795T: Published: Jun 16, 2010. Publicly Released: Jun 16, 2010.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-4431
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
On April 20, 2010, an explosion at the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The spill's total cost is unknown, but may result in considerable costs to the private sector, as well as federal, state, and local governments. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) set up a system that places the liability--up to specified limits--on the responsible party. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (Fund), administered by the Coast Guard, pays for costs not paid for by the responsible party. GAO previously reported on the Fund and factors driving the cost of oil spills and is beginning work on the April 2010 spill. This testimony focuses on (1) how oil spills are paid for, (2) the factors that affect major oil spill costs, and (3) implications of major oil spill costs for the Fund. It is largely based on GAO's 2007 report, for which GAO analyzed oil spill cost data and reviewed documentation on the Fund's balance and vessels' limits of liability. To update the report, GAO obtained information from and interviewed Coast Guard officials.
OPA places the primary burden of liability for the costs of oil spills on the responsible party in return for financial limitations on that liability. Thus, the responsible party assumes the primary burden of paying for spill costs--which can include both removal costs (cleaning up the spill) and damage claims (restoring the environment and compensating parties that were economically harmed). To pay both the costs above this limit and costs incurred when a responsible party does not pay or cannot be identified, OPA authorized use of the Fund, up to a $1 billion per spill, which is financed primarily from a per-barrel tax on petroleum products. The Fund also may be used to pay for natural resource damage assessments and to monitor the recovery activities of the responsible party, among other things. While the responsible party is largely paying for the current spill's cleanup, Coast Guard officials said that they began using the Fund--which currently has a balance of $1.6 billion--in May 2010 to pay for certain removal activities in the Gulf of Mexico. Several factors, including location, time of year, and type of oil, affect the cleanup costs of noncatastrophic spills. Although these factors will certainly affect the cost of the Gulf spill--which is unknown at this time--in this spill, additional factors such as the magnitude of the oil spill will impact costs. These factors can affect the breadth and difficulty of recovery and the extent of damage in the following ways: (1) Location. A remote location can increase the cost of a spill because of the additional expense involved in mounting a remote response. A spill that occurs close to shore can also become costly if it involves the use of manual labor to remove oil from sensitive shoreline habitat. (2) Time of year. A spill occurring during fishing or tourist season might carry additional economic damage, or a spill occurring during a stormy season might prove more expensive because it is more difficult to clean up than one occurring during a season with generally calmer weather. (3) Type of oil. Lighter oils such as gasoline or diesel fuels dissipate and evaporate quickly--requiring minimal cleanup--but are highly toxic and create severe environmental impacts. Heavier oils such as crude oil do not evaporate and, therefore, may require intensive structural and shoreline cleanup. Since the Fund was authorized in 1990, it has been able to cover costs not covered by responsible parties, but risks and uncertainties exist regarding the Fund's viability. For instance, the Fund is at risk from claims resulting from spills that significantly exceed responsible parties' liability limits. Of the 51 major oil spills GAO reviewed in 2007, the cleanup costs for 10 exceeded the liability limits, resulting in claims of about $252 million. In 2006, Congress increased liability limits, but for certain vessel types, the limits may still be low compared with the historic costs of cleaning up spills from those vessels. The Fund faces other potential risks as well, including ongoing claims from existing spills, claims related to sunken vessels that may begin to leak oil, and the threat of a catastrophic spill--such as the recent Gulf spill.
Jun 24, 2015
Renewable Energy:BLM Has Limited Assurance That Wind and Solar Projects Are Adequately BondedGAO-15-699T: Published: Jun 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 24, 2015.
Jun 9, 2015
Missouri River Basin:Agencies' Progress Improving Water Monitoring Is LimitedGAO-15-558R: Published: Jun 9, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 9, 2015.
Jun 4, 2015
EPA's Science Advisory Board:Improved Procedures Needed to Process Congressional Requests for Scientific AdviceGAO-15-500: Published: Jun 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 4, 2015.
May 20, 2015
EPA Science Advisory Panels:Preliminary Observations on the Processes for Providing Scientific AdviceGAO-15-636T: Published: May 20, 2015. Publicly Released: May 20, 2015.
May 11, 2015
Forest Restoration:Adjusting Agencies' Information-Sharing Strategies Could Benefit Landscape-Scale ProjectsGAO-15-398: Published: Apr 9, 2015. Publicly Released: May 11, 2015.
May 7, 2015
Hanford Waste Treatment:DOE Needs to Evaluate Alternatives to Recently Proposed Projects and Address Technical and Management ChallengesGAO-15-354: Published: May 7, 2015. Publicly Released: May 7, 2015.
May 6, 2015
Oil and Gas Resources:Interior's Production Verification Efforts and Royalty Data Have Improved, but Further Actions NeededGAO-15-39: Published: Apr 7, 2015. Publicly Released: May 6, 2015.
Apr 16, 2015
Bureau of Land Management:More Information Needed to Implement the Helium Stewardship Act of 2013GAO-15-394: Published: Apr 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 16, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
Nuclear Waste:DOE Needs to Improve Cost Estimates for Transuranic Waste Projects at Los AlamosGAO-15-182: Published: Feb 18, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Mar 4, 2015
Indian Irrigation Projects:Deferred Maintenance and Financial Sustainability Issues Remain UnresolvedGAO-15-453T: Published: Mar 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
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VIEWS: 12 PAGES: 2 CATEGORY: Technology POSTED ON: 9/13/2012 Public Domain
Neuchatel, Switzerland: Colibrys (Switzerland) Ltd. has appointed Zetatek as new Indian distributor dedicated mainly to the Mil/Aerospace and Industrial markets.
Colibrys Consolidates Its Pesence in The Indian Market Neuchatel, Switzerland: Colibrys (Switzerland) Ltd. has appointed Zetatek as new Indian distributor dedicated mainly to the Mil/Aerospace and Industrial markets. Neuchatel, Switzerland, September 13, 2012 -- Advanced MEMS motion sensors are increasingly used in the wide range of existing and new high precision and harsh environment applications. The growing demand within India for indigenously manufactured avionic and industrial systems is in turn creating significant opportunities for specialized sensors into the Indian market. Colibrys is one of the world leaders in the development and manufacture of extremely high precision MEMS accelerometers which have revolutionized the design and performance of avionic and industrial systems ranging from inertial navigation, precision tilt measurements, industrial instrumentation and test, condition monitoring to national seismic mapping and oil/gas exploration. "Zetatek has long term experience and a very well established sales network throughout India in particular in the Mil/Aerospace and Industrial markets. Based on this and their deep technical understanding of MEMS sensing and test requirements we are extremely pleased to confirm them as our distributor", says Bahram Arbab, Colibrys Sales Director for Europe & Asia. "We know Colibrys and its high end MEMS accelerometers since a long time and their reputation in India is already quite strong. We really believe that the collaboration between Colibrys and Zetatek will be a success and we are excited about the potential opportunities we can develop in India" says Siva Kumar Managing Director of Zetatek. About Colibrys: COLIBRYS is a world-leading supplier of standard and semi-custom MEMS based motion sensors to the harsh-environments (Military, Aerospace and Energy) and safety critical (Industrial and Instrumentation) applications. COLIBRYS family of motion sensors includes extremely low noise, shock resistant seismic sensors, high stability shock tolerant inertial and shock accelerometers tilt sensors as well as DC coupled capacitive vibration sensors. COLIBRYS is based in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Additional information is available on our website: www.colibrys.com. About Zetatek: ZETATEK group has been a leader in the sales and service with special emphasis on comprehensive technical customer support in India and abroad for a viariety of applications . ZETATEK has been a LEADER & ONESTOP solution provider for sensors for inertial and control applications and also a comprehensive range of test & calibration equipments like motion simulators , vibration, shock & bump test equipments and Climatic test chambers . This ensures a good knowledge base in ZETATEK to support the customer in High technology application areas. Additional information is available on our website: www.zetatekindia.com or please contact at email@example.com. Contacts: Colibrys (Switzerland) Ltd, Bahram Arbab, Sales Director, Europe & Asia, P +41 (79) 796 59 45, firstname.lastname@example.com. Zetatek, Siva Kumar, Managing Director, +91 (40) 2372 1000, email@example.com. Contact: Natha Colibrys Ltd Maladiere 83 2000 Neuchatel Switzerland 0041327205590 firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.colibrys.com
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Published: Wednesday, January 24, 2007 at 12:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, January 24, 2007 at 12:00 a.m.
Pleasure Island Scholarship Pageant: The Pleasure Island Scholarship Pageant will be held April 28. Age divisions are Wee Miss (1-2 years), Tiny Miss (3-4 years), Mini Miss (5-6 years). Little Miss (7-9 years), Junior Miss (10-12 years) and Teen Miss (13-15 years). Miss (16-21 years) and Ms./Mrs. (22 and up), and Little Master (boys age 5-10). Proceeds benefit the Pleasure Island Chamber of Commerce special events. Application: Diane Berry-Klutz, 458-5962, 452-6391, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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The intelligence process was turned on its head; policy makers were looking for reporting to confirm their preconceptions.
How do clothes, hairstyles, jewelry, and make-up add up to our preconceptions of beauty?
The open-looped 'e' formations indicate a mind unclogged with preconceptions and prejudices, which thus allows new ideas in.
1620s, from pre- + conception. Related: Preconceptions.


text:
Originally written on NY Rangers Blog | Last updated 11/25/12
While everything about last night's Operation Hat Trick charity game was perfect, one strange site was seeing Vinny from the "Jersey Shore" as Team Richards head coach. Assuming the reason he participated was because of his obvious connection to New Jersey. He's also from Staten Island which was one of the areas hardest hit by Hurricane Sandy... So much fun tonight!! Big W and coach @vinnyguadagnino was happy with the team:) instagr.am/p/Sb-2ZmCrSP/ — Henrik Lundqvist (@HLundqvist30) November 25, 2012 ...despite Vinny's connections to the tragedy, I still don't think belonged at the event. His being there seemed like more of a publicity stunt you'd see from the NBA, not our beloved NHL where things are much more humbled. Remember to follow me on Twitter & Facebook or e-mail me at email@example.com.
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Angewandte Chemie International Edition
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Editor: Peter Gölitz, Deputy Editors: Neville Compton, Haymo Ross
Online ISSN: 1521-3773
Associated Title(s): Angewandte Chemie, Chemistry - A European Journal, Chemistry – An Asian Journal, ChemistryOpen, ChemPlusChem, Zeitschrift für Chemie
Press Release
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011, 50,
doi: 10.1002/anie.201102759
Nr. 25/2011
June 17, 2011
Television for the Nose
Progress toward smell television: targeted release of various scents from individually addressable chambers
Contact: Sungho Jin, University of California, San Diego (USA)
Registered journalists may download the original article here:
An X-Y Addressable Matrix Odor-Releasing System Using an On-Off Switchable Device
3-D movies, Dolby surround for a more realistic audio experience—virtual reality is on the march. And how much more realistic would a film be if a barbecue actually smelled of grilled meat or if you could smell a sea breeze when the protagonist takes his love for an evening stroll on the beach? This type of smell experience may become reality for the home television viewer in the not-too-distant future. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, a team led by Jongmin Kim at Samsung Electronics in Korea and Sungho Jin at the University of California, San Diego, USA, have now introduced a new approach for making a compact device that could fit on the back of a television to produce thousands of different scents.
© Wiley-VCH
Previous technologies for the controlled release of scents were not simple enough and were much too crude for the sensitive electronics of our televisions and video players. An odor module needs to be small and robust and deliver results that are reproducible over multiple cycles; the response should be rapid and the user should be able to regulate the strength of the odor. Kim, Jin, and their co-workers aim to overcome these challenges with their new concept.
Their method is based on an array of individual cells that are filled with scent-containing solutions. The miniature containers are made from a cross-linked silicone polymer. Except for a tiny hole in the top, they are completely sealed. A needle can be sued to inject a different scent solution into each cell. In the "off" state the tiny hole stays closed. The scent containers are switched on by heating. This causes the silicone to expand and the pressure on the inside to increase, forcing a small amount of gas-phase scent out of the tiny hole.
A two-dimensional lattice of heating wires, known as an X-Y matrix, can be used to specifically address individual containers. The scientists prepared a prototype, which they successfully tested with two different perfumes, "Live by Jenifer Lopez" and "Passion by Elizabeth Taylor". Testers could detect both scents and differentiate between them.
"Our new concept is not only of interest for the entertainment industry," state Kim and Jin, "it could also be used for combinatorial studies of gas-phase reactions and the development of vapor-based pharmaceuticals."
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