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VIEWS: 16 PAGES: 13 CATEGORY: Education POSTED ON: 5/10/2010 Public Domain
Redundancy: Hardening a Design, Integration or Communication Solution By Scott R. Sharer – CDG Inc. www.ScottSharer.com or http://www.ziggs.com/reg/member/Bio.aspx?uid=1654 Despite any efforts to plan, design, integrate, install and operate high-end electronic communication systems [of any kind] in such a manner as to minimize the consequence of any failures in the actual equipment / components or in the processes that define the dynamic use of the technology components (the people / end-user portion of the equation), the fact of the matter is that it is never a question of "if" any components or processes will "fail", it is only a matter of "when". That being said, proper training and documented recovery procedures can go far towards minimizing the negative impact of any process or human-error, and, further, we can be comforted by the fact that the electronic systems components of today have MTBF (Mean-Time Between Failure) rates that generally fall between 6,000 and 8,000 hours of operation, rates that were unheard of just a few years ago. On the "technology-side" of these systems, the high-level of MTBF, coupled with carefully planned and integrated solutions, results in equipment and system durability and reliability that can and should be experienced and viewed as "exceptional". "MTBF" and "Human Error" are, however, NOT the central topics of our present discussion, they are subsidiary to our main topic. These aspects of performance characteristic and metric do not directly address the fundamental questions related to making any systems more-reliable or more fault-tolerant in and of themselves. This present discussion is focused on the concept of why and how (in what-ways) we go about making any communication system "Redundant". Prior to [and separate-from] actual specific discussion for the systems of technology that are addressed by general videoconference and visual communication design templates, it serves us well to explore the terms "Redundant" and "Redundancy", and provide a little more detail for the additional concepts that, by default, underlie these terms, in order to more accurately describe the real-world levels of "reliability" and "fault-tolerance" we require from the visual communication systems of today and tomorrow. On the following pages we will engage in a discussion of the basic issues that relate to "redundancy", and we will provide some simple graphic illustrations to better explain the various points of our discussion. Once that over-view and description is fully complete we will detail, as closely as possible, the specific elements, including the elements within some of the readers existing spaces, that may be in-need of re-thinking and /or careful application of a planned "redundancy evaluation". "Glossary" note: For our purposes, "reliability" will refer to the overall performance of a collected / integrated grouping of systems and subsystems over-time as experienced by end-user perceptions and documented technical performance metrics. "Fault-tolerant" will mean the level of survivability of any system in the face of errors or malfunction, and will further refer to any mechanism that operates, directly-and-actively (through some built-in intelligent mechanism, as-in functions of an intelligent master control system) or indirectly-and-passively (for instance – a switch that changes position based on sensing current or signal on the connection), to minimize or fully ameliorate any equipment or human errors or mistakes. 1 REDUNDANT / REDUNDANCY: When we say that a system is "Redundant" we are actually only speaking in vague generalities. There is actually a "Range & Structure of Redundancy" that can be built into any communication solution. The typical "Range" often has a "Structure" as defined in the four (4) levels discussed below: 1. Zero Redundancy with Total Integrated Failure as a result: This means that the compliment of electronic components and the integration of these components are such that a single (1) failure in a single (1) element will render the entire system 100% unusable for anything. (This is the result of failing to design-away any "choke-points"). If, for example, the Remote Control system interface has the only (1) Master Power "ON/OFF" button, and if the equipment compliments of many individual electronic units that make up the fully integrated communication solution are hardwired into that Master Power system with no other access to independently-power each component "ON" or "OFF", then a failure in the Master Control system interface while the components are un-powered will render it impossible to use any of the components [total integrated failure]. There is no way to turn them "ON" for use, let alone use them. EXAMPLE #1: Zero Redundancy We speak… Near-End Far-End Mic Mic Mic No Connection Audio Possible Speaker Microphone Mixer Output OFF VTC Codec Audio Output Network No Power Input They get no Echo Controller Output Voices Control OFF "connection"… They hear ON Input "no sound" from OFF VTC Codec Output our location… OFF Green Line = Voice Audio Signal Reason for Failure: Even if all of the components are able to operate properly when powered "ON" [they are all in working-order], if Master Power is "OFF" and units cannot be turned "ON" individually, the result is that our voices are not "sent-to" and heard-by the people at the far-end. Since the codec [our local link to the communications network] is one of the components in the "OFF" state, it is not even possible for us to dial the call and establish a connection with the far-end, across which any data, including audio, could then travel. In the above example the technology will not be able to intelligently or passively provide a fall-back fix, and neither will a technician following restrictive "turn it on and then touch nothing" guidelines. A creative rule-breaker who might be in possession of a pair of diagonal cutters could: cut the power leads, carefully jamb them into an un-powered AC outlet, fix the wires so they would not come loose, and then turn the power for the outlet "ON" (power the equipment). This is, however, physically dangerous, since some people take matters into their own hands without the necessary understanding of the fundamental elements involved in order to do this safely and with predictable & positive results. 2 2. Minimal System Fallback Redundancy that will often result in "Perceived Total 100% Failure" that, even when failure is not 100%, is "Highly Brittle": To begin with, what do we mean by "Brittle"? In integrated electronic systems [and, for that matter, in software design] the term "Brittle" refers to the ratio of cause-and-effect in the face of component or element failure. When a system is "Highly Brittle" we mean that a single cause [failure] in a single element or component has a greater than a one-to- one ratio in failure-and-consequential effect. (Example #1 above, for instance, had a maximum Cause-Effect failure ratio of 1: ALL [100% of all components]) For Example: Let's say that a complex integration of ceiling-based microphones feeds an automatic microphone mixer component for the purpose of muting and un-muting selected microphones in different zones in a given space. This mixer, through selective "Zones" of microphone pickup of only the person speaking [instead of the entire room] at any one time, operates to reduce the level of general background noise fed into the conference. That is good planning and design. However: Let us suppose, for the purpose of this discussion, that the automatic mixer suddenly "fails". In an integrated system that is "Highly Brittle" [the designer did not look-for and resolve choke-points] this will mean that everything downstream in the system flow that is dependent on the signals that are processed-by and then output-from that now-failed automatic mixer will now also "fail", not because the other components have actually "broken" and not because they are not powered "ON" and able to perform their assigned functions but, rather, because they are no longer receiving the audio signals from the [now-failed] mixer [signals that are necessary for these downstream units to be able to perform their own functions]. More specifically: If the automatic microphone mixer was set up to feed it's audio output signals to the echo-cancellation unit that, in turn, was connected and set-up to feed the codec which, as we know, feeds audio into the conference, in our example of a "Highly Brittle" integration, once the automatic microphone mixer ceased functioning, the echo-canceller, the audio portion of the codec and [most importantly] the audio portion of the human communication will now cease to function and, since audio is a required component of human remote communication, the meeting itself cannot be sustained. As we see in this example, a single point of failure has caused at-least 4 other elements in the "communication" process and structure to also "fail". Worse-Yet: Ultimately and additionally, this extensive or extended "domino-effect" of non-functioning / performing units (when the integrated solution is "Highly Brittle") makes things much more difficult (if not at times impossible) to troubleshoot in a timely manner. When multiple units are not "performing" their [any] functions, but the human end-user perceives only that (in our example) the far-end "cannot hear us talking", we [the people responsible for "locating and fixing any failures"] end-up with many different possible places to "look" for the source of the failure. Looking in the wrong places, in an effort to begin to eliminate variables (possible points or instances of failure), takes time and can often mis-lead anyone trying to determine the real root-cause of the stated problem of "they cannot hear our audio". Is the failure in the microphone, the mixer, the codec, the transmission, the far-end speakers? 3 Exactly where should we begin to "look" in order to quickly resolve the problem? And, more importantly, even if we find a point of true failure, is the integrated design such that this knowledge even means anything to the rapid "fix" and helps us establish or restore the communications for the end-users? Unlike other things in life that we encounter, "Cause-and-Effect" in electronic systems and human communications (and, again, in software code) are not proximal. In other words, the effect of any failure may or may-not appear (physically or in terms of logical signal flow) immediately adjacent to the actual cause. (In our example, a failed Mixer at the top of our own system-flow results in a speaker that appears to display no audio in a completely separate physical location from our own room. Cause & Effect might [literally] be thousands of miles apart). A Highly Brittle system is, then, one that has a ratio that is far-from 1-to-1, and such a system is generally very time consuming to troubleshoot and repair (it takes time to isolate the point or points of actual failure and then recover from the failure) and, as such, this level / lack of Redundancy is more devastating to the activities of end- users of the systems. Worse yet – these types of systems will often generate, over time, palpable fear within the user community. The end-users will not only fear that something might fail, but also fear that any failure ["large" or "small"] will result in a complete loss of any ability to communicate important and time sensitive information at a distance. EXAMPLE #2: Minimal Fallback Redundancy that is "Highly-Brittle" We speak… Near-End Far-End Mic Mic Mic No Audio Input Voice No Speaker Microphone Mixer Output Network ON VTC Codec Audio FAILED- INOPERATIVE Output Power No No They hear Control Input Echo Controller Output ? ? ? DVD: ON no voices from Yes No Input our location… ON "Some" but they do hear VTC Codec Output OFF ON our DVD…. DVD UNIT Input Green Line = Voice-Audio Signal Blue Line = DVD Audio Signal Reason for Failure: This system is "Highly Brittle" – One component failure causes a ripple effect…it seems, to the people at the far-end, that our microphones, our microphone-mixer, our echo-controller or our codec [or any combination-of or all of these components], or maybe even their own codec or speaker unit(s) "failed" in terms of conveying voices from our location to the people at the far-end of the connection. The ratio of "cause-effect" is not 1:1 but is rather, at a minimum, 1:4 [and probably higher when we add the complete failure in any ability to meet and discuss, since voice communication is a requirement for this activity]. There is not, however, "100%" system-failure even in this "Highly Brittle" integrated flow, since there is some audio making it to the far-end from our location (our DVD is heard by them, but no microphones / live-voices are heard). Unfortunately - This generally serves only to complicate and confuse any attempts to diagnose and resolve the real difficulty, and is especially frustrating and confusing to the non-technical end-users. 4 3. Good Fallback Redundancy – minimally Brittle: This means that the compliment of electronic components [and the integration of these components] is such that a single failure in any one element will reduce the performance of the system, but the system will remain minimally able to perform. One example of this is known as "Safe Mode" in the MS-Windows operating system software that "runs" your PC or laptop. If the main MS-Windows operating system on a PC has a "dramatic failure", the software will generally drop-back-to or fail-over to what is known as "Safe Mode". The PC will remain functional (you can run most of the basic individual applications, you can usually continue to use print functions and network access to servers, etc) with little or no actual "basic downtime" for the person using the machine [there may be no complete / 100% loss of utilization time with the machine], but - the PC will now operate with quite dramatically reduced capabilities in elements such as color-depth, screen resolution, rapid data processing and the ability to maintain multiple open & active software applications. When it comes to "Good Fallback Redundancy – minimally Brittle" in video communications, an example might look like this: Let's say (keeping with our previous illustration and examples) that a complex integration of ceiling-based microphones feeds an automatic microphone mixer component for the purpose of muting and un-muting selected microphones in different zones in a given space and this was done because it reduces the level of general background noise fed into the conference (only the microphone closest to the person speaking at that moment is active, the others are muted when there is not sufficient sound-pressure from someone speaking-up at general meeting level conversation). With fewer microphones "hot" at one time, there is less ambient or random background noise fed into the conference. As previously noted in Example #2 above, this is good design practice. Further suppose that the automatic mixer suddenly "fails". In a carefully planned and integrated system that is "minimally Brittle", this might mean that the microphones will all continue to operate (they will still feed the voices from the local room into the audio portion of the connected conference and the people at the far-end will continue to hear our voices completely uninterrupted), but at a reduced level of performance [the automatic muting or attenuation function that the now-failed mixer was performing will no longer be present]. As a result, instead of only the single zone for the person speaking supplying audio into the meeting, all of the separate microphone zones / all of the room spoken audio is now fed at all times into the conference. This might mean that, to the end-users, there is actually no perception-of or knowledge-of any "failure" of any individual component. This also means, however, that while the system can still function to provide voice communication into the meeting, and can do this with proper fidelity and clarity and volume, there is now an increased and required burden on the participants / occupants of the room to be careful not to speak or make any noise until it is their turn to speak. Otherwise, the random unwanted ambient general "noise" in our local space, which was being minimized by the [now failed] mixer, may overtake the intended voice audio of the person in our room who is speaking in the conference and make it extremely difficult for people at remote locations to hear (intelligibly comprehend) the resulting words that are being sent to them from our system or space. In other words – in this example, we do not completely lose our ability to communicate, and all of the components in our system, except for the failed microphone mixer, will continue to perform their job properly. The 5 only danger is that the resulting quality may be perceived to be "poorer" than normally experienced from this system if the humans involved do not cooperate to minimize random talking and unnecessary / unwanted noise (pens tapping, rustling papers, squeaking chairs, soda cans opening, laughter, doors being slammed shut, etc). EXAMPLE #3: Good Fallback Redundancy – minimally Brittle Near-End Mic Mic Mic Far-End Fail-over feed We speak… Auto- Output Signal Splitter Switch Voice: Audio YES Primary Feed Fail-over Speaker Inputs reference Network VTC Codec Audio Microphone Mixer No FAILED- INOPERATIVE Output Output Power Input They hear mics / Echo Controller Output DVD: Control voices from Yes our location… ON Input VTC Codec Output and they hear OFF our DVD…. DVD UNIT Input Green Line = Voice-Audio Signal Blue Line = DVD Audio Signal Failure without End-User communication being interrupted: This system is "minimally Brittle" – One component failure (the Mixer) causes NO hard-negative "ripple-effect"…it seems, to the people at the far-end, that our microphones, our microphone-mixer (even though broken), our echo-controller or our codec [or any combination-of or all of these components] all seem to be working properly in terms of conveying voices from our location to the people at the far-end of the connection. The ratio of "Cause-and-Effect" is now 1:1. One component fails, and only one component performance metric is impacted. The remainder of the integrated system continues to operate as planned and desired. This is the result of the introduction of the Signal Splitter and the Auto-Sensing Switch for the signals from the microphones, allowing us to feed the microphone signals to either the Mixer (which will then feed the Echo Controller - preferred) OR allowing us to feed the microphones directly to the Echo Controller (bypassing the Mixer). If the Mixer fails and the Auto-Sensing Switch is aware of the failure (the Auto-Sensing Switch sees a change in the Fail-over reference signal), then the instant the failure occurs the Auto-Sensing Switch will toggle from it's Primary Feed (that was coming to it through the now-failed Mixer as the Fail-over reference signal) to the Fail-Over Feed coming to the Auto-Sensing Switch directly from the Signal Splitter. The audio signal from all microphones is, as a result, now being sent directly to the Echo Controller, bypassing the [now failed] Mixer. To the end-user, there is virtually no interruption of the flow of audio from one site to the other and, if noise is controlled within the room, no change in audio quality. HOWEVER: Since ALL microphones are now "hot" at all times, there is no "Zone" structure that can minimize random unwanted room and participant noise. All sound from all microphones is now being sent at all times, and the end-user must take care to minimize unwanted room-noise, since the Mixer [having failed] can no-longer help to minimize any "noise". This means that we must rely on an educated and cooperative end-user base as part of the "Redundancy" solution and the hardening of the communications. 6 4. Full Redundancy – Zero Loss and 100% Failure-Tolerant: This is a level rarely implemented or achieved in any communication system. Let's discuss why that is the case. On the equipment or component side of the equation this level of fail-over and reliability means an intricate fail-over architecture where every element – components, cables, controllers, software, inputs, outputs etc – EVERYTHING – has a secondary and [ideally] mirror-tertiary component, cable, controller, software, input, output etc. It also generally means complete failover for the humans involved in the communication or activities. If any one or any combination of components or elements or any humans involved in the activities "fail" at any time [either hardware failure or incorrect action on the part of the human involved], the backup element or person(s) takes over immediately with no interruption to the communication flow. This means, at the very least, that the "hardware" and resulting integration costs will be doubled or tripled for any electronic or component system. In the real-world, it is clear that certain applications can require this level of performance. For instance: Any application in which a loss of human life may occur as a result of even a temporary failure is often all but required to have >100% component redundancy. I [Scott Sharer] witnessed this first-hand as a specialist consultant working on a contract in the 1990's working with EG&G at [then] Cape Kennedy and the Shuttle Launch Control program. At the Launch Block at [now] Cape Canaveral / Shuttle Command Launch Control, there were / are three (3) rooms that are identical configurations of 200 networked Command Consoles. All three rooms each are fully staffed by 240 people (fully redundant operators and operational managers x 3). During the launch phase of a Shuttle, if any element in the first Launch Control System fails, the second room [and second staff of 240 people] takes over. If there is any failure in that second room, the third room and third staff of 240 people takes over the launch process. Additionally, every action (a keystroke on a computer or button-press on any device) and every word spoken by anyone working on that launch gets recorded in real- time in 1/1000th of-a-millisecond intervals (a key-press on any of the Operations Consoles can be reviewed down to the 1/1000th-of-a-milli-second of when it occurred during the launch sequence), and all of the 300 video feeds and all of the data and voice communications from the Cape Canaveral Launch Block Command Center are shared in real-time between the Cape and the Johnson Space Center. In case the third room at the Cape actually fails, the JSC has to take-over the mission early (usually only after the launch does Johnson Space Center take-over operations). This vast layering of failover and real-time communication capability acts to provide reliability and safety to humans (though, as we have tragically seen, not 100%), and makes it faster and easier to finely pin-point potential root-causes for any problems. With a multi-billion-dollar machine, on-board astronauts and populated local areas nearby, and with the very public nature of the launch events and perceptions of the world resting on the level of the performance of this process, this level of redundancy makes very good sense. It also costs many billions of dollars just to send a single craft into space [just for the launch, not for the full mission] once or twice a year [the Johnson Space Center has a completely separate budget]. Another example might be the need for multiple link-communication redundancy in a tele-medicine / tele-surgical system. If, as a medical team, you have a human life in your hands in a surgical suite and you are performing a highly dangerous and unique procedure, you probably do not want to rely on having only one data-link to the remote surgical expert talking you through the procedure in real-time. 7 Redundancy in either of the above illustrations becomes critical because of human-life and the potential liability and monetary exposure if anything were to cause a loss-to or degradation-of that life. In the final analysis it is [coldly] a cost-cost equation that can be (and usually is) carefully calculated by an Actuary. A simple "if-then" statement usually serves to define the cost necessity for double and triple redundant systems. If the cost of a single random failure, calculated on a low-probability of occurrence over-time, is less than the cost of implementing the double-or-triple-redundant systems, then the expenditure may not be worthwhile (and, frankly, most of the time is not worthwhile). (Please note – we are not interested-in or taking any position-on, for the purpose of this document, the moral and ethical debate of the "value of a single human life". We are merely noting that these types of cold monetary business calculations are made every day in many walks of life for the purpose of managing a business, evaluating insurance risk and exposure, judging investment risk, etc). For this, our layout might now look like: EXAMPLE #4: "Triple Redundant" Single Room with Triple Redundant Equipment Single Room with Triple Redundant Equipment We speak… Microphones Near-End Far-End They hear… ALWAYS!!! Audio Speaker Microphone Mixer Network ON VTC Codec Audio "Hello"! Output Output "Hello"! Power Input Control Echo Controller Output ON …OR… ON Input Audio VTC Codec Output Speaker OFF ON DVD UNIT Input Network VTC Codec Audio Output "Hello"! Microphone Mixer Output ON Power Input Control Echo Controller ON Output …OR… ON Input Audio VTC Codec Output Speaker OFF ON Network DVD UNIT Input VTC Codec Audio Output Microphone Mixer Output "Hello"! ON $? ? ?$ ? $ Power Input ? $ ? $ Control Echo Controller Output ? ? ?? ON $ ? ? ? Input ON VTC Codec Output $ $ OFF ON DVD UNIT Input Result: 100% Up-Time, Zero "Lost communications" + BIG $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8 Conclusions so far: As we are able to see from the examples given above, there are many levels-of, and multiple considerations related-to, making any communication system "Redundant". We are also able to see that there is a blend of design calculation and common-sense required in order to maintain a balance between "Required Redundancy" and "Cost- Effectiveness". On a more granular scale, it seems clear that every communication system can benefit from good design practice that avoids any hard choke-points or that offers alternate modes of operation in the face of common or anticipated failures. It is also clear that almost no applications and solutions can reasonably, realistically or affordably reach 100% Redundancy and Fault-Tolerance. In fact, it may be impossible to actually achieve that 100% level, no matter how much money is spent. That being said, there are certain elements [discussed below] that simply make good- sense as additions to any communication system. These elements generally help avoid choke-points through minimal expense and proper end-user training and incident recovery processes* (*this applies to support technicians and actual day-to-day users). It is not possible to provide a list of technology elements and training modules that apply to each and every communication application out there. We can, however, begin by providing some guidance for designers, system managers, trainers and users in isolating and assessing risks and selecting and applying certain solutions. To begin with, the designer or system manager will benefit from looking over their global systems and asking, "Are there any functional elements that provide a required performance feature present in this system without which the system(s) could not provide the minimum required performance for the end-users?" For instance – in our examples above, the Automatic Microphone Mixer was designed and configured to work in "Zones" in an effort to minimize unwanted general-background and user-induced noise and, therefore, provide better emphasis for the spoken words of only one or two people at one time. If, for the purpose of assessment, we determine that Zone operation is preferred but, in the event of failure in this component, we can operate and communicate perfectly well with just a little cooperation from an educated end-user base, then we do not have to spend the money to have a full failover backup unit to the Automatic Microphone Mixer. We, instead, merely need to assure that the signals that were being processed by the Mixer are sent to other components in the flow if the Mixer fails. In our 3rd Example above we achieved this with the Signal Splitter and Auto-Sensing Switch. These units together would probably cost less than half the price of a full second Automatic Microphone Mixer. HOWEVER – If we determine that the end-users cannot or will-not act in such a manner as to minimize noise and random chatter themselves, and if we further determine that the level of noise from the uncooperative end users will be so great as to regularly overwhelm the spoken words of an individual in the room, then we may determine that we must incur the additional higher expense of a full failover secondary Automatic Microphone Mixer and the programming necessary to make it come on-line 9 automatically and instantly in the event of the failure of the primary unit. This type of "what-if ?" and "what is the negative impact of ?" and "what are the chances of failure in xyz unit in the first place ?" and "what type of user guidelines must be published- provided-delivered in order to enlist the end-user in helping to improve the quality of the communications and handle the anomalies that always occur ?" must be made on a user- by-user, system-by-system and design-by-design basis, and these questions must be made within the context of the technology or component compliment and the level of ability, education and cooperation of the typical end-user of the systems, along with the "cost" of either full redundancy or the "cost" of the damage done if the systems fail and the end- users cannot accommodate a particular set of system malfunctions or anomalies. Quite frankly, the answers are different for every application and every user-community. I may believe that asking people not to engage in noisy side conversations and not to constantly tap on a microphone surface with their papers or pens is a reasonable request, done in the interest of improving the communication experience for everyone and reducing the costs necessary for the communication in the first place. All that being said, others may say (and they have precisely said to me) that this is unreasonable - - it's "too much to ask of end users", and that the people they work with are "not able to learn to be quiet during a meeting and, besides, their colleagues can only function when everything around them in their professional and personal lives is 100% perfect" with no problems or challenges at any time in any way for any reason and when there are no guidelines that the user has to follow in order to work cooperatively with others in any endeavor. O.K. Moving On: The assessments for cost-effective and reasonable levels of "Redundancy" must be made at every step along the way when deploying advanced communications, including visual video communications of all kinds. The constant "what-if" questions [examples given in the above paragraphs] should be raised during the conceptual phase, the design process, creation of the specification, the procurement and the installation of the systems. These questions and assessments must be made by the end-users, the technical system managers, the designers and the integration firm or firms who are engaged to implement the solutions. These questions must also be asked by the training and development person or group within the context of the known business process and the profile of the user community that will use the systems. Remember- this is a group effort. The "wisdom of the counsel of many" applies here, and all points of view should be sought-out and considered when looking for elements or layers of "brittleness" in a communication system. This is also a group effort in that the questions and the decisions must be shared with everyone so that each person or group is able to understand their own [and others] responsibility when operating and using the finished systems, and understand this BEFORE being required to individually contribute as the result of a malfunction or failure in the systems or processes. Additionally – Do everyone a favor and keep this process of evaluation, accommodation and selection within the realm of things that can be achieved in the known universe. Ultimately, common-sense must rule. Any failover or performance demand that is based-on things like "violating the space-time continuum" or "keeping a single technician awake and on- duty for 6 months straight with no food and no sleep" should be discarded immediately. There is no reason to agonize over the completely ridiculous. 10 For anyone who is interested in reviewing for or implementing Redundancy and Fault-Tolerance into their systems we would strongly recommend that the following guidelines become part of the review consideration for "Brittleness" and hardening of the systems and solutions. Elements that may constitute dead-end alleys and choke-points and that may not allow for any recovery or repair in a useable & timely manner often will include: a. Display Technology - This refers to the actual display devices. In the event that CRT, LCD or Plasma direct-view systems are used, these have known and documented high MTBF. There is little or no need to have a redundant unit as a hot-backup available as part of each system. That being said, a tracking mechanism must be used in order to determine when these devices may be reaching their end-of-useful life so that they can be placed on an upgrade or replacement cycle and removed from service before any actual malfunction occurs. In the event of the use of projection-style devices (LCD or DMD), there are lamps and lamp-filters for the fan cooling units that have predicted service requirements and known MTBF. Since these are more difficult to "drop into place" in many integrated designs, it may be necessary, in certain high-level and mission-critical spaces or applications, to have a hot-standby operating at all times while also tracking and cycling lamps and units and providing cleaning services on a regular basis. b. Video processing technologies - This is a vast area. Suffice it to say that any processor that performs a necessary function (for instance - a "windowing" device that permits display of multiple images on a single display, without which the meeting flow would be dramatically diminished to [possibly] an unacceptable level) should have a hot- standby present in the system at all times or the system should be designed with patch- points and racking that allow for a replacement unit (stored on-site and immediately available for use) to be installed & configured in a matter of minutes in the event of failure in the primary. For any processors for which there is no "required function without which the meeting will fail entirely", it is best to provide a sophisticated signal routing and distribution solution that enables automatic and immediate bypass of the malfunctioning unit or units so that the signals continue to flow to the remaining functional devices. This means a series of auto-switches, distribution amplifiers, video- equalizers and signal "scalers" [and other specialty video signal modification and adjustment devices] may be required to back-up a more sophisticated processor. This will also mean an increased cost in the cabling plant, and care must be taken to associate this cabling requirement with the available runways and conduits supplied from the Facilities group(s) or contractors. c. Audio - It is possible to have a conference with audio and no video, but you cannot have it the other way around. Audio is not only the most important element, it is one of few required elements for human distant communications. Care should be taken to provide full failover for the audio processing components, and recovery mechanisms for alterations to those components through the controllers in the space(s). Additionally – these elements must be known-by and available-to a master control suite for the purpose of providing technical operators means to remotely adjust and manage the audio elements within one or more spaces engaged in a conference. Likewise- every effort must be made to take all audio adjustment functions out of the hands of the end-users, providing them only with the "Mute - Un-mute" functions for the purpose of altering the privacy at any 11 time during their calls. Levels of devices and systems should be set and stored in master files, able to be restored with a simple click of a mouse by a centralized operator using the management software tools. Likewise – the audio elements that are used within a space or application, even if that application is set-up in various locations on a temporary basis, MUST be dedicated to that space or application, not pulled from a general pool of technology components. This will help to avoid the manufacturing "plus-or-minus" performance spec. that is present in every equipment type or line. d. Control - Master or Main Control frames generally have very long MTBF statistics. Failures related to the main control frames / central processors or the interface to those processors are generally associated with one of two (2) causes: 1. The interface panel or unit (touch-panel or button interface) fails and, 2. The Central-Frame / main-processor fails as a result of power fluctuations or complete temporary loss of power (even if for only a few milliseconds). It is strongly recommended here, for the Control portion and ALL processor point / units, that, in highly critical systems, there be two (2) active and fully operational touch-panel or button interfaces available, usually one for the end-users and one for the support technicians, as well as TCP/IP access into the control unit main processor frame. (The power issue is discussed below). In addition, the complete system, as well as the individual components, should be specified and installed in such a manner as to be accessible through external network interface (PC via Ethernet, generally) for the purpose of individual TCP/IP interface and management of any one component and collective or individual management through a centralized management software system (the main management suite). Likewise, along with network connection and access, the unit or units should be loaded into the database of elements for the management software. e. Power – Despite the unflagging belief by many who speak with me that there are "no real power issues within the physical plants for this company" [this is what I am often told], the fact of the matter is that we have entered a realm of not merely having to deal with potential full-loss of power, but full and careful conditioning of the power that remains present. The high-speed processors that are used throughout systems that are deployed for computing and communication derive their clock cycles from the power (60 cycles or 60Hz in this country). The higher the speed of the processor, the more devastating even the slightest fluctuation in the power that is supplied to that system. This is especially true for any high-speed video devices and any device that will be connected- to and communicate-across a LAN or WAN or telecommunication network enterprise. Drifts-in or mismatches-of various clock cycles as the signals propagate from one device and one network to another device and another network have devastating consequences on the integrity of the resultant signals. It is even possible to have completed network connections tear-apart for no apparent reasons in the face of the most minor power fluctuations. Care must be taken to provide any systems backup-and-conditioning for all power, and the power must be carefully phased in order to avoid introducing visual and auditory anomalies into the signals, since that will result in an unusable signal stream to the end-user. f. Network Connectivity and Interface – These elements generally have quite long MTBF statistics, and, once "burned-in" over a 30-day period, can be expected to operate without failure for up to 8,000 hours commonly. That being said, these elements are required if a connection is to be made between one or more locations for the purpose of sending and receiving audio and video (discussed elsewhere above). Care should be taken 12 to isolate those very exceptional situations where a failure in the network interface and the encoder-decoder (codec), even if that failure could be recovered-from within a matter of only a few minutes, is unacceptable. In those exceptional cases, there must be a hot failover unit or unit(s) present in the integrated system, and the configuration should be such that if the first connection or encoder goes off-line, the second takes over immediately with no interruption. In those cases where a few minutes (less than 5) can be accommodated there must be great care taken to make certain that there are backup units available, that these units can be rapidly configured to fit that specifically integrated space or solution, and that the units can be deployed within the cabling structure in the rack or equipment area with complete ease. This will generally mean some additional planning and cost related to patch-panels, properly labeled secondary cables, distribution amplifiers and auto-sensing switches in order to minimize the down-time while the backup unit is put into place and energized, then "dialed" / connected into the meeting. g. Processes – Careful data collection and entry must be done in order to understand the fallback elements that are immediately available, track the utilization of the individual and collective components, and allow for remote management and corrective actions to be taken in the face of any failures. Protocols (business process, security related, etc) must be re-visited to permit remote maintenance, control and call setup & tear-down without requiring the end-users to supply technical assistance or requiring a technician to be present in the room for every meeting that is being held. Regular testing, break-fix trial scenarios and constant professional development programs must be put in place and delivered to the technical groups and individuals who are responsible for operating and maintaining the technology systems on a day-to-day and event-to-event basis. Authority lines must be set and consistently applied to eliminate cross-over and under-cutting of the established professional processes by well-intentioned people who are not informed-of and skilled-in the broader process protocols and management of the technical systems. h. Professional Development – This applies to the technical specialists that are responsible for daily operations AND to the end-users of these new technologies and systems. The technology specialists must continuously be brought up to speed on the technical and process elements for handling systems (INFOCOMM is a good place for this to happen), especially in the face of some element of system anomaly or failure. End- users MUST be trained in the effective use and reasonable expectation of these solutions. NOTE: Review of many call-logs and system anomalies sent in to CDG Inc. have shown that at least 30% of "technical problems" were related to the lack of understanding and cooperation on the part of the end-user community as they begin-to or continue-to-use these systems for visual communications. A program of synchronous live delivery and asynchronous self-paced delivery must be developed to aid in this effort, and the management of any organization must now and in the future continue to require people (everyone) to take advantage of these supportive development elements. Final Conclusion: These steps, taken within the context of the guidelines listed in the section "Conclusions So Far…", blended with support from management for the professional development of ALL of the professional staff members within an organization, will provide a cost effective and reasonable "minimally Brittle" set of solutions that can deliver reliable high quality audio and video communications, now and well into the future. By Scott R. Sharer – CDG Inc. www.ScottSharer.com or http://www.ziggs.com/reg/member/Bio.aspx?uid=1654 13
Pages to are hidden for
"Communication Systems Redundancy v2"Please download to view full document


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Would people be more concerned and interested in their online privacy if they could receive an email that would show all of the information that their OS and software were sending out each day about their online activities?
Imagine getting an email every day that showed all of the information your computer is generating and sending out about you. If you use a tool like Mozilla Lightbeam you can see the information that websites are collecting about you. Combine the two and I think most people would be surprised to see this information sitting in their inbox every morning.
The universe was looking after me tonight. Not long after I published this I was surfing through my RSS reader and found this set of four videos called Do Not Track. They focus on the privacy and data tracking challenges that surround phones. All together, the four videos total about fifteen minutes.

subset: commoncrawl


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The fabric is fun and functional, plus the price is right!
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I've always tried on bathing suits before buying, so I was hesitant about buying a suit on-line. But this suit fit perfectly and it was a very good quality and not at all expensive! I was very pleased!
Great breast support (I'm a D cup) and it was long enough (which i've had issues with in the last being 5'9") the pink was a bit brighter than I expected but in a good way. And the straps don't dig in. Now to see how it holds up in the chlorine
This is a great swimsuit! My daughter loves the print and it fits great. What an awesome price!
super cute suit!
Love the color.. great for my my collection
Great fit, good colors, quality material! We have the brown and the pink, other swimmers are always commenting on the suits too. Good job sporti! This suit hasn't faded either!!
My daughter loves this suit. The only negative is that the suit is too big. If the suit was made in a smaller size I would order. There is plenty of coverage in the booty.
I love this suit but it stretched out so much after just a few months of use and is too big. I usually wear a 32 but got a 30 this time. If I were getting another one, I''d get a 28.
This is a wonderfully playful swimsuit. I get lots of sweet complements from it...BUTAfter using the swimsuit for about 4.5 months of swim practice, I would say it has held up pretty well, but the quality of stitching in the swimsuit is okay. I had to re-stitch the straps within the first 3 weeks of use. The fabric stretches out easily, so now I use this swimsuit as drag. The pink background color loses its vibrancy more quickly than the gray background color. I just wish it would have held up longer than it did.
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This Years Love1/5/2009 2:26am
A very moving peace - must be played slowly and with feeling
Product Information
This Year's Love composed by David Gray - Digital Sheet Music
At a Glance
This Year's Love digital sheet music. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file.
* This arrangement contains complete lyrics
* This product is available worldwide
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The Arrangement Details Tab gives you detailed information about this particular arrangement of This Year's Love - not necessarily the song.
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Displaying All Reviews (2) for "This Year's Love"
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This Years Love1/5/2009 2:26am
A very moving peace - must be played slowly and with feeling
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Great Piano Sheet11/20/2007 12:33am
A friend ask me to play this song so he can sing it to a girl, I din't knew this song, but this Piano sheet is almost perfect, just a couple of little details from the original one, but you have to listen the original a lot of times to notice. This girl just love it, and now she's my friend girlfriend.
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Item Code: BBZ152HFUC
Availability: In stock
HEPA filter for the BOSCH formula canister.Bosch Part #BBZ152HFUCSKU: 825225836377
GoVacuum is the one of the largest online stores for vacuums, vacuum bags, filters for vacuums and other vacuum parts. Our commitment to customer service and large selection of top brands like Shark, SEBO, Roomba, Dirt Devil, Hoover, Oreck, Electrolux, IQAir and Eureka make us the best vacuum store on the Internet. We even make our own vacuum bags and vacuum filters called ZVac that fit all vacuums- including Miele vacuum cleaners.


text: VIDEO Entertainment and Celebrities The Real World of Superman Featurette Back to Top ▲ The Real World of Superman Featurette The Real World of Superman Featurette Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares Chris Nolan and Zack Snyder are both trying to keep their franchises of Batman and Superman grounded in reality, check out this Superman featurette that explains the new world of Superman. Superheroes comics movie Movie News Comments Show Comments More Like This Top 10 Entertainment The Ten Most Kickass Comic Book Movies That Marvel And DC Never Laid A Finger On Read More Trending There's A Major Spoiler In The New Ultron Trailer That Marvel Snuck In Read More Entertainment News Trending News: Robert Downey Jr.'s Role In The Marvel Universe Just Got Way Bigger Read More Life Commentary Dave Bautista Goes From Playing A Hated Wrestler To An Evil Henchman On Screen Read More Entertainment and Celebrities Arnold Schwarzenegger Talks Terminator Genisys, Fatherhood And The Importance Of Being Huge Read More Fashion Check Out The Highlight Reel From The AskMen Style Academy, Held At Shirt Bar In Sydney Read More Promoted Around the Web Special Features Special Feature Over 100 Ways To Make This The Most Jaw-Dropping Year Of Your Life Read More Special Feature 100 Ways To Look Better Than You Do Now. Smooth Up, Man. Read More Special Feature From Dating To Fitness, Over 75 Ways Men Are Winning 2015 Read More ad


text: This toddler has my vote for cupcakes for dinner! By Monica Harris March 12, 2014 10:24 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter I want cupcakes for dinner. Wonder if I could get this kid to beg my Mom for me. Category: Articles Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of 99.1 WFMK July 4th Fun & Fireworks in Lansing @ Adado Riverfront Park Beach Boys "Lost Concert" Footage to Enjoy This 4th of July! Big Auction Features Classic Arcade Games WATCH: Fireworks Factory Explosion Recommended For You Best of the Web


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David Bowie
Just a reminder, chat with David Bowie and Boy George tomorrow, Saturday, February 27th. 5:00 p.m. GMT, Noon EST, 9:00 a.m. PST. David Bowie and Boy George will chat together for this special event. Please log into the #ChatGuest room for this chat. Need help with your chat client? Check out the BowieNet help page for Microsoft Chat 2.5. Looking for something different? Why don't you give our BowieNet Java chat client a try? See you there
It seems that Placebo's Brian Molko will be Modeling For Calvin Kleinthis fall, when he and several other musicianswill appear in Calvin Klein's latest CK ad campaign."I'm in fact just going to do modeling for Calvin Klein in March," saysMolko. "So Placebo: movies, music, and modeling at your service."The new Calvin Klein campaign may also include Liz Phair, Skye Edwards, Robbie Williams, Mya, Beth Orton, and Buckcherry.A spokesperson from Calvin Klein said "photographs have been taken and wehaven't decided who will appear at this time."The campaign is scheduled to appear on subways, buses,
While in the Chat -room recently, Bowie and several others noted theproliferation of Girlie calendars, cooking classes, comb collections etal, being created by members of B.Net. It was felt that Guys are notgetting as much exposure, so to speak, and it was proposed to remedythat situation immediately. Bowie, in order to redress this dastardlysituation, therefore delegated the job of Competition and Rulesmanifesto to Sir Total Blam Blam and Squire Tybalt.Herewith the result and, Bingo, the Silly Season begins a little earlythis year.Men's Speedo Model Competition!Rules:1. Contestant must
Be on the look-out for the new issue of "What's Online" - a UK publication that features an interview with David this month. On sale: 25th February 1999Cover date: Issue 8Cover price: £3.95 (UK)Frequency: Bi-monthlyISSN: 1369-6386Editor and Writer: Tim McCann
Contact: Diana Gil-Osorio Antenna Group/for UltraStar firstname.lastname@example.com*And we have a winner...David Bowie has announced the winner of BowieNet's hi-profile CyberSong Contest: Alex Grant, 20, of Reynoldsburg, Ohio. Grant will receive a$15,000 publishing contract from Bug Music (http://www.bugmusic.com), a VIPtrip to New York (where he'll join Bowie for the recording of the song thisspring), a one-year subscription to BowieNet (http://www.davidbowie.com), acomplete Bowie catalogue, $500 worth of music from CDNow(http://wwwcdnow.com) and a three-year subscription to Rolling


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Type: Posts; User: kefah
Best wishes to you.
this mini split had a gas leakage
so i made a godd vacxuum then charged it by weight
the house owner said that an eletric surge happened
folowed by very low voltage
so can that make compressor blow up ?/
how r u
i got yesterday samsung mini split ac unit
with compressor exploded from terminal cover
exactly one of the terminal has blow up
my question
why a compressor blowup?
here we have theese reciprocating compressor
and rotary
from hot zone in temperature and wars
temperatur these days reached 47 c and may exceed it
my question about ac split unit
non inverter
is there any problem if you replace the reciprocating...
I'm sorry to hear it. Best wishes to you.
thank u pal
hi every body
a week ago while in my shop
my cousin called me in my phone
hurry up your brother hit by car while drioving on his bike
i lost my mind because i thoght that my brother might be...
what is the utility of the ZNR
in the indoor unit PCB
of LG mini split ac
24000 btu
50 hz
your video is amazing
from first second to 5:20 its the correct Islam
what after it
i dont believe it
i hate the government in Saudi and Iran
since they assumes themselves as Islamic republic
while its incorrect
those courts held against citizen while not held against officials
surely no one prefer to live under dictatorship
but when u have 2 choice only
under invasion
or under dictatorship
dictatorship will be better
i really HATE SADDAM PERIOD
also im searching to find truth every where
while i was 12 years old
i was listening to Saddam oppositionist radio
i was reading books about history
best answer to u
above is the best answer
as i said Saddam wasn't good
but it was better than US invasion many times
then under Saddam we didn't have terrorist or sectarian problems
or civil war
then the democracy of west u talk about we...
i hate saddam
he was dictatorship
but his peroid still better than recent time
the life under saddam dictatorship was better than under us invasion
USA invaded then destroyed my country because of mass destruction weapon then terrorist
and all were lies
thank u
that is very funny post
thanl u pal
they not need christian
they need to be left alne from USA (world police man)
here there are many shop of alcohol
alcohol; is taboo in religion but not prohibited by government
also pig meat is taboo
but hunting or eating not
its right that no Muslim eat pig
but i...
that right
here because pig meat is taboo
we dont have domestic pig
only wild
thank u pal
i got your point
i didn't say that my link was about farmers
or skinning pig
but u said i posted this thread in a try to prove point
i found the link about health problem cause by pig...
u didnt red it correctly
that correct
its taboo here
farmers here suffer from wild pig since its destroy their crops
then they used guns.electric wire. traps. poisins to kill them
but how they get rid of the...
pardon me for broken english
and the Islamic emperor
past Ottoman
Abbasid or amawi
they reached hi level of knowledge
its heatpump
it has defrost cycle
i named the thread exactly to site link name
that is correct
in cooling mode check valve is open
so the refrigerant will go thru 1 capillary tube
but in heating mode
check valve is closed so
refrigerant enforced to go thru 2 capilary...
Christian lived peacefully in Iraq
hundred years ago
until 2003
when USA invaded iraq
and destroyed it
then ISIS and such criminal threatened Christians so they flee
i dont have old unit
Hi guys
i got LG mini split heat pump
it has bad check valve
so i removed it
but here we dont have spare parts
s what i can do then
here is the ac unit diagram for cooling only no heating
except caliph umar
other i dont knw them
and about the burning of The Library of Alexandria by Caliph Umar in 642
it was false not correct
i meant it spread in west
surely not by AK
since islam is spreading in world
then they will do everything possible to stop it
i pray to Allah to live to see that day
bingo bro
then if u follow it or not
its belong to u
link show how pork meat is bad for human health
bingo brother
i dont know if u red my post correctly or not
i red the thread then i like to share it with u
my point wasnt if pork is taboo or not
but if its healthy or not
the link i provided is from western site not islamic or arabic


text:
Courts always take the side of the accuser, they're well-known for it.
At the same time, at least one person who knows and admires the accuser describe her as devastated.
It was Diallo who got the accuser her first lawyer, Jeffrey Shapiro.
Satan is styled the "accuser of the brethren" (Rev. 12:10. Comp. Job 1:6; Zech. 3:1), as seeking to uphold his influence among men by bringing false charges against Christians, with the view of weakening their influence and injuring the cause with which they are identified. He was regarded by the Jews as the accuser of men before God, laying to their charge the violations of the law of which they were guilty, and demanding their punishment. The same Greek word, rendered "accuser," is found in John 8:10 (but omitted in the Revised Version); Acts 23:30, 35; 24:8; 25:16, 18, in all of which places it is used of one who brings a charge against another.


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This is Mike Hsu's Blog.
This is so good I had to share with my fellow Achievers...and nerds. Thanks to Ray Clouthier for sending this to me.
I knew this was the case:
Two Legends enjoying a few laughs. One created a secret recipe that supposedly contained an ingredient that hooked you like an addict and made you buy his chicken every two weeks.(Totally unsubstantiated and actually t
This was THE best part of last night's Grammy Awards. CBS reporter Serena Branson's tribute to Jodie Foster's performance in "Nell". She blamed it on a delay in her earpiece. I think she was sending secret messages t
...If the only thing I can think about when I watch this is, "Is that a Kielbasa or some kind of Bratwurst?"Â And, "They're wasting food!"
This Documentary comes out on DVD today.


text:
apartment doorbell ringing old fashioned I guess from the 60s
Old mechanical door bell, not in best condition. Rattles while the switch is closed (whether it's designed to do that ...
My door bell sound modified to sound as if it's coming from farther away as it would normally sound from ...
A classic two-tone doorbell (descending minor 3rd) created on a steel vibraphone with felt-tipped mallets. Recorded on a Zoom H4n. ...
A doorbell that is ringing.
Recorded with Rode NT1a 44.1 kHz 16 Bit
Hey, a doorbell!
Various doorbell sounds recorded in an abandoned tower block in Bremen, Germany. Recorded on Sony ECM stereo mic.
A door bell made using a tubular bell sample.
A Seagull calling out in the morning
I´have already made a Sound of alarmclock. This is a short Version of it.
It's a beautiful happy day and I'm feeling nonchalent, this cheerful piano should do the trick :)
Resonating reverse string plucked. A mix of synth sound and sting resonance reversed
A tense cinematic rumble. Recorded with Sontronics STC-10 pencil condensors. The sound can be used for free (though it would ...
Radio Imaging Element


text:
Environment: Content from Across the ABC
07 Jul 2015 7:37:12pm
What can you convert water to to generate energy? If you find a route you will smash all the laws of thermodynamics. It is a myth that the Germans could run a car on water and anybody with high school knowledge of chemistry would know this.
The hydrogen cycle uses electrolysis to convert water to hydrogen and then fuel cells convert the hydrogen back to water to generate electricity. Only a quarter of the electricity used to make the hydrogen gets to the car wheel. Look it up in Wikipedia. This compares with the battery cycle that transfers two thirds of the original electricity back to the wheel.
Oil companies don't like the battery cycle because they have no roll. Batteries can be charged at home or work and no service station is needed. In the hydrogen cycle you need to fill up with hydrogen.
So no opposition from oil companies. Oil companies have been the heaviest investors in demonstration "hydrogen highways" in California and Japan. But it's going nowhere because it is expensive and inefficient and interest is drying up. My next car will be a plug in hybrid


text:
Key things you need to know aboutDr. Wilner:
Dr. Wilner's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Wilner's Specialties
- Cardiology
- View 1 specialty and 1 board certification
Procedures Dr. Wilner Performs
- Cardiac Catheterization (incl. Coronary Angiography)
- Cardiac Imaging
- See all 9 procedures
Conditions Dr. Wilner Treats
- Angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Aortic Aneurysm
- See all 26 conditions
More About Dr. Wilner's Background
Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- Lankenau Medical Center
- 100 East Lancaster Avenue
- Wynnewood, PA 19096
- Chester County Hospital
- 701 East Marshall Street
- West Chester, PA 19380
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Wilner
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Wilner to family and friends is 2.3 out of 5 5 1 9
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
- Cardiology Consultants/Philly
- Cardiology Consultants/Philly
- 255 W Lancaster Ave Bldg 3
- Paoli, PA 19301
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
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text:
Am trying to bid Priceline for rooms in Napa and would like to know if I should bid for North or South Napa? We want to be able to walk to restaurants, shops, etc and don't want to have to drive and park everythere.
I wonder if we know which towns Priceline puts in its senseless categories.. That would help. Otherwise you are allowing yourself to be blind-sided by Priceline. I don't use it myself because of that. I like to pick my own properties.
Napa north and Napa south are both in the city of Napa. It looks like Napa north is where most of the downtown hotels would be. Napa south is probably the Meritage. Napa north also would have the hotels on Hwy 29 north of town. Using Priceline is a risky business if you don't want to drive.
I am familiar with Priceline because I have always received a great hotel at an awesome price. The north hotels in 4* are Marriott Napa Valley and Silverado Country Club Resort, 3.5* is Embassy Suites Napa Valley and the South are 4* Napa River Inn and Vino Bello. Would any of these be good? I read reviews on tripadvisor and they are good.
Yes, they are all good choices. The Napa River Inn is the only one of those that is right downtown. Embassy Suites is close but still a long walk. The others you would have to drive from or if staying at Vino Bello, take their shuttle.
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text:
An actor, director, singer, guitarist, and songwriter, Adam Goldberg is a true hyphenate. Well-known for his roles in such films and television series as Dazed and Confused, Saving Private Ryan, 2 Days in Paris, Friends, and Entourage, Goldberg has also overseen all aspects of production–from screenwriting to score–for features including 2003''s I Love Your Work. Now, with the florid, ''70s-inspired indie art pop project The Goldberg Sisters, he turns his means of expression to a different type of film, one of Echoplex tape warble and envelope filter color and Lawson plate reverb, an analog film that coats the 10 tracks on the Sisters'' self-titled debut album.
The Goldberg Sisters follows up the 2009 album Eros and Omissions by Goldberg''s LANDy project, which amassed over six years'' cut-n-paste concepts collated from collaborative sessions with the Flaming Lips'' Steven Drozd, among others. For The Goldberg Sisters, however, the intention was to do something "cleaner, more precise, that wasn''t homogenized, but that used a handful of elements to establish more of a band-like continuity," says Adam, who has been four-tracking, exploring self-production and finding comfort in the snowy oscillation of analog effects off-and-on for almost two decades.
Working in Eagle Rock, CA, with producer Aaron Espinoza (Earlimart) and his outboard gear trove, the Ship Studio, Adam brought together Moogerfoogers, Roland Space Echo RE-210, all manner of Electro-Harmonix pedals and a dozen additional transient manipulators to lay lush sonic beds whose stylistic compatriots run parallel to the melodic immediacy of the Plastic Ono Band, the densely textured tangents of glam rock, Dionne Warwick''s gliding soul and the deliberately economical yet up-front punctuation of Spoon. Guitar whorls, phased Logan String Melody keyboard, pitch-bent violins, plinky stage piano, Coles 4038 ribbon mic-enriched horns, reverberant harmonies, and much more are treated almost like sound design elements, providing impressive dimensionality to the stereo image. The common denominator is Goldberg''s persuasive croon, delivered steadily through a Pearlman U47 into a Shadow Hills Industries Mono GAMA mic pre.
"We didn''t spend much time in post production . . . but I had these scratch tracks implying as much as I could in terms of vibe, so what we needed to do was fairly intuitive," reflects Goldberg. "There was still a big editing job that needed to be done, though, an ongoing process of subtraction and addition that was all about balancing dynamics into a more cohesive but still brutally honest aesthetic."
Using a Pro Tools HD|3 rig with Digidesign 192 I/O to reinforce the compatible underpinnings, Adam and Aaron wrestled the intensity into a cogent wash. The mix''s final glue was a run though Aaron''s API 8200 24-channel mixer/summing box, with its 2520 op amps, into an Alan Smart C2 stereo compressor, a GML8200 EQ with a shelf at the top for shine, then into a LavryBlue A/D in saturation mode, delivering that tonal narrative.
These are my comments.
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Inspirational Poster Ads from Across the Globe
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The Complete Guide to iPad Cases and Protection
Click Below to Read the Rest of This Article:
As of today, there are five broad categories of iPad cases: shells, play-through cases, sleeves, flip-style cases, and bags—the latter including purses and murses. And there are four different types of film designed to protect the iPad's screen from scratches, smudges, and other issues. Trust us when we say that we're literally surrounded by them, as we've spent the last month evaluating dozens of different options from developers all over the world, and went through literally all of them in the process of finalizing this article. Our Complete Guide to iPad Cases and Protection is a fast-paced discussion of over 70 different options, quickly providing you with photographs, links to additional information, and the key differentiators that make individual cases and film protectors stand out.
Though we're not issuing ratings for the time being, what you'll find in the following six pages are clear opinions on which cases and screen protectors are the best and the worst in the bunch, as we've sorted each category individually to spotlight the factors that matter to us and you. Read on for all the details, and check our ever-growing iPad Accessory Gallery as we continue to add new releases to the collection.
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text: Thanks, Samuele, that did the trick (at least to get past this first problem). Is it necessary to add every package? Is there any sort of wildcard support? You know, if ever there was a project which could use a Wiki, Jython is it. Has anyone considered setting one up on jython.org? Sincerely, Anthony Eden Samuele Pedroni wrote: > At 16:14 21.07.2003 -0400, Anthony Eden wrote: > >> That's what I am doing right now, and the result is: >> >> ImportError: No module named foo > > > you also need to do sys.add_package("...") or similar ... > > class loading and specifying packages are orthogonal. > > >> Would you please provide a URL to the archive of the message you are >> referencing? > > > http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=5510652 > > regards.


text:
Begin: biggest surprise on offense?
I told myself I wouldn't start any negative threads. There are already plenty of them, so I guess I will stick with the bright sides, as I have always been a positive fan. So, who are the players that caused in your opinion the biggest surprise on the Canadiens offensive lines up to now?
I think it's fair to say no one really expected Steve Begin to make such a tremendous job on the 4th line. We all knew he was a decent 4th liner, and the agitator we were in need of, but who could have told he would be so useful to our team? I mean, the guy's everywhere on the ice. His skating is above average, he's good on the PK unit, he's got the fire in his eyes... plus, he's not bad creating offense either. Steve's the kind of team player we need to build on, whatever people can say. He may not be the most talented, but he's certainly more devoted for our team than some overpaid underachievers, isn't he? Maybe I'm getting too excited about him, but I do feel he's currently more useful to our team than guys like Perreault, Audette and to a certain extent Zednik.
All in all, that was a tremendous move by Gainey. Begin and Langdon are proven momentum raisers in the league, and that's exactly the role they're currently playing in Montreal. I hope Begin keeps it up, and earns more ice time, because I'm pleased with the way he plays right now. Also, he's not afraid of telling the medias the real things after a loss. I've got a feeling he'll be a fan favorite in no time. Keep it up, Steve.
p.s. Did you see him beat the Sabres defenseman on an icing call? This is the kind of play that goes unoticed, but that's highly appreciated by the coaching staff. It shows he cares about the team.
Yes, Bégin has been an agreeable surprise, but on offense? Not really. He won't put up numbers.
There might be a few negative threads, but there have also been quite a few praises for the usual suspects. Seeing as how praises are a good thing though, I don't mind repeating myself here... :)
Begin is great, no question about it. *knock on wood*He brings absolutely every element that I think the Habs were/are missing: energy, drive, toughness, etc. When I think back at guys like Blouin *shudder*, I really REALLY appreciate Begin's work on the fourth line. For the first time in a while, I actually LIKE the fourth line.
The other guy that really has impressed me so far is Ryder. Before this summer, I didn't even know who this kid was. Sure I heard his name being mentioned here and there, but I heard a heck of a lot more about Hossa, Perezhogin and Higgins. Then out of nowhere this unknown (to me) kid makes the lineup and brings so much energy that it's really damn hard not to notice him. I'm not sure if he'll run out of steam at some point, but until that happens, I'll enjoy the show...
Begin I am very impressed with. He's been great on the 4th line. But offense, no I don't see that. His best asset is his hitting. He knows how to throw the body around effectivly, and cleanly for the most part. It's great to see an actually 4th liner on the 4th line bringing energy and hititng everything in site, while being good on faceoffs and in his own end. I don't think his skating is great, but it works, and he has decent speed.
Some of you guys partially missed my point. I know he is no offensive threat, but still, he has been more dangerous around the net than some overpaid underachievers (we won't give any names as we all know who I am talking about). In fact, my point was only to point out the obvious: not only is he playing his role perfectly, which is to hit and annoy players on the other teams, but he is also creating offense at some point and doing a fine job on the PK.
That's more than we expected from him, agreed?
don't look now but i think we have a couple of decent lines
the 3rd has been relitavely the same for about 2 and a half years now and kill penalties pretty well
i like the 4th with langdon begin and ward, they hit and play an honest brand of hockey
good job guys
i hope the other 2 lines kick the o into gear again
The fact you think Hossa hasn't had much of an influence destroys what credibility you have when regarding Montreal and their prospects.
Komisarek's main reason he is not in Montreal is 3 veteran, well paid right defenseman. He is playing for a Bulldogs team that has went through a ton of change in one season, which might be a reason for his ups and downs and 5 points in 13 games for a dman is still good.
Perezhogin is still adjusting to the North American style, plus he doesn't speak english much.
Higgins started the year in Montreal and didn't look out of place. He to is adjusting from college hockey.
If you are going by Bulldog stats especially early in the season to prove a point, it is ridiculous. The fact is, they are basically an expansion team in the sense that most of their players are new including a new head coach.
Just to get back to the point on Begin... ;)
I've been really impressed with his play so far too. But like someone else said, his best asset is his hitting. I don't mean to be negative but, what if he stops hitting after a while? It wouldn't be the first time we seen a player come in to our line-up hitting everything just to become a non-physical player a few months later... eg. Kilger, Rivet, etc.
Higgins = 1st pro year/20yo/3rd line center in Hamilton.
Perezhogin = 1st pro year/2nd line/needs to adjust to NA style which will take probably 1 year.
Komisarek = victim of the veteran logjam on the right side in Montreal (who do you send in the minors to play him? Rivet, Brisebois or Quintal?)
Hossa = 1st NHL likely complete season (are the Sedins busts?). Hossa looks good out there, production will come with time. He's not on the 2nd line for nothing.
Hainsey: Talent is there, but attitude is a concern. It will take him more time to reach his full potential, if he ever acheives such a thing.
Added to that:
Plekanec: Doing extremely well in Hamilton
Balej: Night and day kind of improvement over last year.
Ryder: One more quality prospect nobody expected to do anything that looks extremely promising.
KEY: Prospects don't become impact players after 10-20 games in the NHL, sometimes it takes a full season, sometimes it takes three. The key for the Habs right now is to play their youth (like they're doing) and let them develop at the NHL level. Wait a year or two before starting searching for any kind of panic button.
Exactly, he's a fourth liner that provides energy and grit. To that extent, he has been great. Besides, with this kind of player, points are a bonus.
I really enjoy the intensity and hustle that this guy shows. The Habs finally have a bonafide 4th line, and once they get rolling, the team should start performing better as well.
He his a normal 4th liner , but for him to put up points often , No. He is like Eric Landry when he came with the Habs 3 years ago :P. But he will slow down . Don't think that he need to have more ici time to like put him in a 2nd line because of his intensity :P.
He is Ok right now but not good , but i'm satistified with his work.
Higgins is also 20 and also in his first AHL year.. what do you expect from rookies? To burn the league? The need time to adapt... (moreso for Perezhogin)
Hainsey is in Montreal and showed he should be a good one. He has good offensive tools and size. He needs to work on consistency. There aren't many 22 years old dmen that are forces in the NHL. Dmen tend to take longer to develop.
Komisarek is behind Brisebois (who's played well), Rivet (who's got a big salary) and Quintal (who's got a big salary). We can't just send one of them to the minors for $$$ reasons, so Komo will be playing in the AHL until one goes. Komo was solid last year in his 20 some games played.
Hossa is playing the boards well and playing well defensively, he isn't putting up points right now but the whole team isn't. See Souray leading the team in goals...
Watch the games, he has been stuck with Mike "I will pull a flashy move then lose the puck" Ribeiro, and Richard "whats an assist?" Zednik for the majority of the season. He is the defensive conscience on his line, wins the majority of battles along the boards, goes to the net. Basically he is what keeps the second line together and just hasn't capitalized on his chances yet, much like the team lately if you actually had a clue of the situation in Montreal. I will give you an example, think of him like the Sedin twins development and what the were doing last year. Similiar role, similiar play, just vastly different teams.
How many people have to tell you why Komisarek is not in Montreal. Again he is a right defenseman, behind 3 right defenseman who make close to 8-9 million combined. It is about money, not complicated.
Higgins has played 7 or 8 freaking games in the AHL. Has 4 points, big deal. Isn't it a just a little too early to a make much of a judgement on him. Same goes for Perezhogin.
Hainsey I agree, I honestly have never been that high on him. He lacks confidence, and intensity. He has it somewhere as showed by last years Calder Cup run, but he isn't able to "bring it" yet. It has more to do with Hainsey, the man, the character, then his actual talent.
Here is something also to consider. Think of Montreal's current roster. On the top two lines, if you had watched them play which I am highly doubting right now, you would see 3 youngsters in Ryder, Hossa, and Ribeiro. To fill out the other roster spots you would also usually see Jason Ward. Now add Hainsey to the mix. You have 5 young players who are in their first full year of NHL duty. It would be disaster if you had 3 of 6 of your top six forwards playing first full years on offense, and 2 of 6 dman playing their rookie seasons. Consider we are also talking about Montreal here, not Nashville or Columbus.
I suggest you go back, watch the Devils instead of playing armchair QB with tha habs prospects going simply by their point totals. Look into the situation of the team; money, depth, current rookies, and take a big look into Hamilton whose team is littered with first year pros.
Comparing the Devils situation to Montreal is completely different. Apples and Orangers. Spots became open in NJ did they not. Different situation as in guys were not under contract so spots opened (guys like Albelin (sp?), Tverdovsky, an other guy, a veteran who retired I think, can't remember name). Montreal currently has too much money invested in Brisebois, Rivet, and Quintal. Also, the unexpected emergence and health of Souray has altered Hainsey's work load and managements plan about him.
The only think about Komisarek I am worried about is the potential lockout. He needs to be in the NHL now, and I can't see him being able to be stuck in the minors for two more years.
The Devils have the benefit of throwing a kid with an experienced guy like Stevens and teaching him a lot. Much like Jackman with Pronger last year. We, on the other hand, have not had that type of success bringing along prospects. Look at Colorado, they'd just bring up a Hejduk, a Tanguay or a Drury and throw them in with Forsberg or Sakic. We don't have that luxury and it makes it that much more difficult.
That being said, I agree that Komisarek needs to get his time with the big club to gain experience. Hainsey needs it too, especially over a guy like Boullion. As for Hossa, I'm not high on him at all.
Watch a Hab game some time. Or just read the post game threads of the Hab games. Maybe you would then realize that Rivet's been abysmal all season long while Souray's been outstanding, and has even surpassed Markov on the depth chart. Oh, and maybe then you'd also realize that Hossa's been one of Montreal's strongest players consistently.
You think Hossa, Komisarek and Hainsey are flopping? Wonderful. You seem to have your opinions and don't have any interest in other people's, so move along.
He has played well, and in fact his play thus far was my inspiration to start dressing him for my dynasty, and even there he has done a great job. One thing I noticed during the Sabres game is Begin is a lot faster than I would have thought. I know he is no Zednik or Bulis, but for a 4th line grinder he can move pretty well.
This is not a case of Rivet having a bad start; it's a case of a player being overrated around the league because--as you said--he's a likeable person and has a lot of friends in the media (most notably: Pierre McGuire).
This thread is a perfect example. Virtually every statement you've made about Hab players has been way off the mark, yet you insist you're right.
Hossa's play without the puck and dedication to the fundamentals of the game have improve dramatically. I daresay this is more important than his play with the puck, which is what most youngsters develop first. Hossa's been one of the few Habs that have been strong along the boards, creating room for Ribeiro and Zednik through pick plays and using his size in the offensive zone. He's started going to the net, and has been the defensive conscience of the line.
If you want to label me a homer (despite the fact that you're trying to convince me that Rivet's better than I think he is), that's fine. Read the post game threads, and see the praise that Hossa has received. It's been growing throughout the season for a reason.
Steve Begin this season
I have to say that I am impressed. Every time I've seen him out there he plays with hussle and grit. Sure, he'll never score 20 goals in the NHL, but I think he was a great pick up by Bob Gainey in the waiver draft.
Yeah, that's what I thought.
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I had to buy this book for class. It's just not my cup of tea but it is informative. Informative of info I do not need to know.Published 14 months ago by LovelyGal
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Article ID: 282594 - View products that this article applies to.
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When you use an ADDRESSBLOCK merge field in a Microsoft Word mail merge main document to merge with data that includes a British (U.K.) address, the results are displayed incorrectly. For example, the mail merge main document is set up as follows:
January 4, 2001In this case, the city, county, and postal code appear on a single line, as follows:
Dear <<GREETINGLINE>>
Mr. John DoeHowever, you expect the text to be on separate lines, as follows:
Microsoft Ltd.
Microsoft Campus
Thames Valley Park
Reading, Berkshire RG6 1WG
United Kingdom
Mr. John Doe
Microsoft Ltd.
Microsoft Campus
Thames Valley Park
United Kingdom
To work around this issue, insert individual merge fields for each element of the address. To do this, use one of the following methods.
Method 1: Use "Insert Merge Fields" on thetoolbarThe Insert Merge Fields command in Word 2002 and in later versions of Word has different functionality than the Insert Merge Field command in earlier versions of Word. In Word 2002 and in later versions of Word, the Insert Merge Fields dialog box (which is a modal dialog box) opens when you click the Insert Merge Fields button. You need to close this dialog box when you want to perform actions in your document, such as adding a space between merge fields.
NOTE: A modal dialog box does not allow you to switch between the dialog box and another window in the program. A modeless dialog box is one that you can activate and switch away from by clicking another active window. For example, you can click your document to switch away from this type of dialog box and continue editing your document.
Method 2: Use the "Insert Merge Field" commandThe Insert Merge Field command that was used in earlier versions of Word is also available in Word 2002 and in later versions of Word. This command displays a list of the available merge fields. This makes it easier to make other changes to your document while you insert merge fields.
To use this command, add it to the Mail Merge toolbar. To do this in Word 2003 and in Word 2002, follow these steps:
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section.
Article ID: 282594 - Last Review: February 28, 2014 - Revision: 1.3


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On the Tab :: June 25 - July 2
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