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Man City striker Dzeko unaware of Roma interest
Vitesse boss admits loan for Loftus-Cheek 'impossible'
West Ham winger Downing no longer a Newcastle target
Former Newcastle star Martin wants news signings
REVEALED: Chelsea offer Cuadrado to Barcelona
WHOAH! Real Madrid star Bale snapped with Man City chief Soriano!
Premier League target Edgar Mendez on verge of Granada move
Valencia owner Lim buys image rights of Real Madrid star Ronaldo
Roma chief Sabatini tries again for Newcastle fullback Massadio Haidara
REVEALED: Monaco offered Roma star Pjanic
AC Milan legend Prati welcomes Bacca swoop
Sampdoria grant Eto'o free transfer
Langerak leaves Dortmund to complete Stuttgart move
Chile defender Jara has ban and fine downgraded
Langerak spotted in Stuttgart ahead of potential move
Okazaki replacement Moto can be 'awesome' for Mainz - Ficcadenti
Ex-West Ham midfielder Lletget receives praise from LA Galaxy ace Keane
FC Dallas re-sign talented trio Akindele, Diaz, Hernandez
Former Fulham, Tottenham star Dempsey cops two-year US Open Cup suspension
AC Milan, Real Madrid great Kaka was Orlando City's 'cog' in Colorado Rapids triumph
Ex-Southampton, Stoke star Delap lands Derby role
Derby remain in pursuit of Burnley captain Shackell
Bournemouth focusing on hard work as fairytale comes to an end – Elphick
Ex-Birmingham winger Thwaites dies in Tunisia attack
Novillo pens two year deal with Melbourne City
Taxing times for Sydney FC
Socceroos favourite Kennedy announces retirement
Troubled Newcastle Jets acquire shirt sponsor
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Real Madrid
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Borussia Dortmund
Bayern Munchen
Stoke still eyeing winger after Moses linked with Tottenham
Stoke making surprise move for Shrewsbury starlet Ginnelly
West Brom place QPR ace Austin in the frame following Demba Ba failure
by Tribal Football Staff 2015-01-29 22:47:18
by Tribal Football Staff 2014-11-18 07:09:45
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subset: commoncrawl


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Top Definition
When you date a girl for money and then she gives it up to you. Then right after you are done Jizzing in her mouth/vighin you get up and back your shit and say later and break up with her ass.
Dude last night I totally pulled a dirty alexx on that gril that was in our math class yesterday, I hope she didnt tell anyone.
by Tylr13 February 07, 2008


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Jukebox the Ghost Announces New LP Out 10/21
Brooklyn based Jukebox the Ghost is thrilled to announce the October 21st release of their self-titled fourth LP via their longtime label Yep Roc Records. The new album was recorded in LA with producers Dan Romer (Ingrid Michaelson, A Great Big World, Jenny Owen Youngs) and Andrew Dawson (fun., Kanye West) and is the follow-up to 2012's critically acclaimed LP Safe Travels. Rolling Stone's Alex Pine caught some shots of the guys during the recording process this past May with Jukebox's very own Jesse Kristin (drums) adding some commentary which you can check out here:
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- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend


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Fashion your most stylish self
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There's no recipe: Chuck makes his favorite blueberry pancakes freestyle.
Bobby's Tuscan-inspired menu includes Orange Ricotta Pancakes and compote.
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Kurt Helin
Bosh meets president, surprised Obama knew who he was. Really?
Oct 12, 2010, 10:00 PM EDT
Chris Bosh is used to a little bit of NBA anonymity. Well, as much anonymity as one gets being a 7-foot tall, NBA All-Star. Maybe it's a Canada thing, but he felt in the shadows. Now Chris Bosh has jumped up a few levels on the notoriety scale, everybody knows who he is. Even if…
Tuesday is Ron Artest Day in Las Vegas… we couldn't make that up.
Oct 12, 2010, 8:01 PM EDT
UPDATE 8:01 pm: ESPNLA's Dave McMenamin tweeted Artest's comments on receiving the key to the city. Ron Artest on being presented w/ the key to the city in Las Vegas tonight: "I'll probably walk into everybody's homes. I got the key, so…" "I'm going to Floyd Mayweather's house first, put on some of his jewelery"…
Wade "virtually pain free" but Heat still taking their time
Oct 12, 2010, 7:45 PM EDT
The Miami Heat take the floor again on Tuesday, and again without Dwyane Wade. That's not dire, but it slows the cohesion that the Heat really need. However there are good signs, as was tweeted by Ira Winderman of the Sun Sentinel. [Heat coach Erik] Spoelstra on Wade; "Dwayne is making progress. He's virtually pain…
Most likely to get traded this season? Hello TJ Ford. Gilbert Arenas? Good luck.
Oct 12, 2010, 4:23 PM EDT
The NBA chattering class has been so busy coming up with complicated ways to move Carmelo Anthony out of Denver that all the other guys who could and should be on the block this season have been ignored. That's where Ira Winderman has come in. He has picked out his favorites to be moved just…
Turkish players given $700,000 and villa for their silver medal. Take that Durant.
Oct 12, 2010, 3:56 PM EDT
What did Kevin Durant, Derrick Rose, Chauncey Billups and the rest of Team USA get for winning the gold medal at the FIBA World Championships in Turkey. The bonus was $25,000. Which in case you're curious is about 0.4 percent of what Kevin Durant will make this season. Some nice pocket change for him. Chris…
Brandon Roy and the Zen of expectations
Oct 12, 2010, 3:30 PM EDT
Last season was the year the Portland Trail Blazers were going to rise up from "team on the rise" to "championship contender." Expectations were high. The basketball gods hate expectations. They smack teams with them down every year. Just for spite. Last season the Blazers seemed to get the brunt of their wrath. This season,…
NBA Season Preview: San Antonio Spurs
Oct 12, 2010, 3:05 PM EDT
Last season: 50-32, tied with Oklahoma City and Portland for the six seed (or eight seed, depending on how you want to look at it). The Spurs bested the Mavericks in six games in what was a mild first round upset, but were swept aside by the Suns in the next round. That kind of…
If Kevin Garnett wants to help you, you'd better listen
Oct 12, 2010, 2:03 PM EDT
Sure, he can snarl and pound his chest and be all kinds of in-your-face intense. And that's just in practice. But Kevin Garnett wants to help out the bigs that come in to Celtics camp. You had just better listen, as Doc Rivers warned future Celtics big men (and you too, Luke Harangody), via the…
Toronto faces basketball shoe shortage (sort of). Blame NAFTA.
Oct 12, 2010, 1:35 PM EDT
We're just going to assume you haven't watched any Toronto Raptor preseason games on League Pass yet. You probably have, it is appointment television and all, but for the purposes of this post we'll assume that you have the games on the DVR but haven't watched them yet. Then you wouldn't have noticed Toronto's Leandro…
Chris Anderson's "Free Bird" neck tattoo… brought to you by Technicolor
Oct 12, 2010, 12:47 PM EDT
I didn't think any tattoo a Denver Nugget could get would surprise me anymore. I was wrong. On a team with more tats than the Ink and Iron Festival, Chris "Birdman" Anderson has raised the bar. It's his "Free Bird" tattoo. With some sort of exploding rainbow of color and flames that… I really don't…
Rafer Alston looks China bound, just a question of where
Oct 12, 2010, 12:26 PM EDT
Rafer Alston has options. Not in the NBA, nobody stateside is taking his call. But in China, options a plenty, as niubball.com reports (via Hoopshype). He reportedly going to sign with the Zhejiang Guangshua Lions, but… The same article is reporting that Alston, despite agreeing to come to Zhejiang, personally reached out to Qingdao Double Star…
Vlade Divac on how a war tore apart friendships, basketball in Yugoslavia
Oct 12, 2010, 12:08 PM EDT
"…we should take it more seriously, because you never know what's going to happen tomorrow. In this movie, everything seemed nice with our team and our relationship and our country and in one second, everything went upside down. It was a lot of manipulations, a lot of politics. You can definitely learn from the experience…
NBA returns to Mexico City… with a lot of security
Oct 12, 2010, 11:38 AM EDT
NBA teams just toured major cities in Europe — London, Barcelona, Milan — while the terror threat was raised. The NBA threw in some extra security. But that was nothing compared to what the Clippers and Spurs are being told while in Mexico City for a preseason game Tuesday night, according to the San Antonio…
RIP Gilbert Arenas' beard, we hardly knew ya
Oct 12, 2010, 10:13 AM EDT
Gilbert Arenas' game has fit in quite well with the new look Washington Wizards. But that's not what anyone is talking about. Rather, the topic is Arenas' beard — which is a little big scraggly and rough. It is up there with Boom Dizzle's as the best in the Association. Or was. The Washington Post's…
Hey Andrea Bargnani welcome to being the first option
Oct 12, 2010, 9:33 AM EDT
This is the season we find out for sure — is Andrea Bargnani ready to be a No. 1 offensive option? Early preseason results are not positive. He is just 2 of 17 from the floor this preseason, leading a Raptors offense that as a whole has struggled to put the ball in the hoop.…
Is NBA's new crackdown on gestures robbing game of emotion?
Oct 12, 2010, 8:50 AM EDT
In one scenario, Kobe Bryant drives the lane and draws contact but no whistle is blown, so throws up his hands in disgust, says something to the referee and trails the play back up the court so he can glare at the ref. In another scenario, Kobe drives the lane and draws contact and a…
Sports economists say NBA financially healthy, aren't buying owners claims
Oct 12, 2010, 8:31 AM EDT
NBA owners are crying poverty — the system needs to change because right now the NBA is bad business. One new owner, Washington's Ted Leonsis, talked of a hard cap. Then was promptly fined by David Stern for talking out of school. Two prominent sports economists interviewed by the Boston Globe said not to believe…
Heat realize Lakers, Magic and Celtics have a jump
Oct 12, 2010, 2:13 AM EDT
Two weeks until the season tips off, and teams are not looking the same in camp. The Miami Heat are still learning the offense, the defense and how to play with each other. All without Dwyane Wade, who is still out with a sore hamstring for at least another week. Eddie House and Carlos Arroyo…
Bulls are not investigating Boozer injury. Nothing to see here, move along.
Oct 11, 2010, 9:30 PM EDT
Carlos Boozer has what in layman's terms is a "boxers fracture," a break in the hand often associated with punching. Not tripping over a gym bag and breaking the fall with your hand, which is what Boozer told the Bulls and the press. The Bulls are good with that, coach Tom Thibodeau told the Chicago…
Heat, Dolphins in legal battle over who gets radio airwaves Oct. 31
Oct 11, 2010, 8:02 PM EDT
WBGG — Big 105.9 in Miami — has it all. Classic rock all week, so you can get your Foreigner fix, with Miami Dolphin and Miami Heat games. It's the perfect mix (if you actually like Foreigner for some inexplicable reason)… Unless the Heat and Dolphins have games at same time, and both have contracts…
Kobe on 16-minute a game limit… until the games count, anyway
Oct 11, 2010, 5:25 PM EDT
Kobe Bryant played 25 minutes against Barcelona, his competitive nature getting the better of his need to rest his knee. He asked to come back in the close game despite him not being able to fully trust his knee yet (which shows in his inability to drive and his off-target jumper). Kobe was 2 for…
Timofey Mozgov, your New York Knicks starting center. Could happen.
Oct 11, 2010, 4:46 PM EDT
Russian import Timofey Mozgov could be the starting center when the New York Knicks open the season in Toronto in two weeks. No, we're not kidding. He will start for sure Monday against the Celtics — which would have been a good test if Shaq played, however he is resting — but if he keeps…
Mavericks Coach Rick Carlisle back on the job
Oct 11, 2010, 3:46 PM EDT
What are things doctors tell you about staying healthy? Reduce stress, eat right, get plenty of sleep. Three things that coaches do not get. Not in the NBA, not really in any professional or college sport by and large. Long hours, irregular eating schedules that mean too much greasy food, travel and disrupted sleeping patterns…
George Maloof, minority Kings owner, arrested for DUI in Vegas
Oct 11, 2010, 3:20 PM EDT
Joe and Gavin Maloof are the faces and primary owners of the Sacramento Kings, the Palms Hotel in Las Vegas, plus a lot of other stuff you probably wish you owned. Their younger brother George is a minority owner in all of that, too. George was arrested in Las Vegas Saturday for driving under the…
NBA Season Preview: New Orleans Hornets
Oct 11, 2010, 2:53 PM EDT
Last season: 37-45, after Byron Scott started the season and was bounced for Jeff Bower, they still finished out of the playoffs. Of course they played half the season without Chris Paul and right now he is everything to that franchise. Head Coach: Monty Williams comes over from being an assistant in Portland and steps…
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- Spurs reset franchise for post Tim Duncan life in one impressive week 19
- Report: Lakers, Pacers reach deal to trade Roy Hibbert to LA 56
- LaMarcus Aldridge has chosen to sign with Spurs 85
- Who should Clippers get to replace DeAndre Jordan? How about Blake Griffin. 43
- Report: Tobias Harris reaches four-year, $64 million extension to stay with Orlando 25
- Report: Rajon Rondo agrees to one-year, $9.5 million deal with Sacramento Kings 48
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ChrisCrims... Photographer
armonda eyreModel Female Farmington Hills, Michigan, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/armondaelizabeth
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About MeHello ~
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Awards season is upon us
Hi, hope you are all well.
With just a handful of games left this season. We have reached the stage where individual players will be receiving recognition for their efforts over the 2008/09 campaign through the various Player of the Year awards.
The most notable of these are those from the polls conducted by the Professional Footballers' Association and Football Writers' Association, which will be announced on the 26 April and 28 May respectively.
In these opinionated times that we live in, with so many fans now expressing their views on radio phone ins and internet message boards, I am sure they will provoke plenty of comment - not least because of the amount of Premier League football we all watch on television. It will be interesting to see whether the players the fans would single out for the top gongs are any different.
The players who make the biggest impression on me are often the ones who are the most understated and who, in terms of their work on and off the ball, can easily be taken for granted by supporters. These are the men who can be relied upon to give a solid display every week, and do a lot of the leg work that is required for the more apparently exciting players to flourish. While these players may not get the public acclaim afforded to some, they certainly get it from their own team mates, not to mention their opponents.
I have lost track of the number of end of season dinners I have attended where the Players' Player of the Year award goes to a player in this mould. Past examples include Richard Shaw at Coventry City, Michael Nelson at Hartlepool United and Adam Tann at Notts County. None of them were headline grabbers but all were respected for the contributions they made to the team.
Which player would win your "unsung hero award" in the Premier League this season?
I'll confine my nominations to League Two and they are (drum roll, please): Barry Roche (Morecambe), Stephen Dawson (Bury) and Jack Lester (Chesterfield).
You could argue that my selection of goalkeeper Barry Roche is somewhat biased, given that he is on my journalism course. If anything, this made it harder for me to choose him because I have had to endure him telling me how good he has been on a weekly basis for the whole season!
But, as much as it pains me to say it, he has been nothing short of magnificent this season. This is his first season at Morecambe, following his surprise departure from Chesterfield, and according to their manager, Sammy McIlroy, he has been their most influential player.
Unfortunately for Barry, one of his claims to fame is a howler he made while playing for Nottingham Forest at the start of his career. He was trying to clear a routine back pass when the ball hit a plastic cup and bobbled into the net. The big man won't thank me for bringing that up - in fact he will probably beat me up! - but if he keeps up the form that he has shown this season, that embarrassing moment will surely be totally forgotten.
My next choice, Bury's Stephen Dawson, is once again not one of the better known players in League Two but if you were to ask any other midfielder in the league who has played against him, they would certainly be aware of Stephen's attributes as a player.
Having joined the club in the summer from Mansfield following their relegation into the Blue Square Premier he has slotted into the Bury midfield very well, forming a good understanding in that department with Brian Barry Murphy. Stephen is a player I have always liked and without being disrespectful to Bury, I thought a team from a higher division might have been keen to secure his signature when it became clear he would be leaving Mansfield.
For those who have not seen him play, he is an aggressive midfielder with a high level of fitness which enables him to be effective all over the pitch. Having played against him this season, I can vouch for the fact that he is the type of player who never lets you have time on the ball while at the same time repeatedly tests your own stamina levels with forward runs. In short he is exactly the kind of team mate that you want.
The final name on my shortlist is veteran Chesterfield striker Jack Lester who despite his advancing years is still far too good to be playing in League Two.
I have played against Jack many times over the years and having witnessed him play this season it is clear he is still as sharp as ever. Having never been blessed with what could be described as lightning pace, he has compensated for this with his football intelligence. His link-up play is second to none and he is a midfielder's dream in that you know that when the ball goes up to him, he is not going to surrender possession easily. In fact you can already be planning your next pass, safe in the knowledge that he will find you with the ball. That is quite a rarity in the lower leagues.
I remember speaking to our central defenders following our 1-0 defeat at home to Chesterfield back in January. They told me that it was particularly difficult to play against Jack because of the positions that he took up. Unlike a lot of strikers who specialise in either running the channels or holding the ball up, Jack is good at both. In these previous instances the defenders can set their stall for either type of player, but a player who can do both makes life a lot harder for them.
Needless to say, after the frustrations I have had this season, I am not expecting a nomination for a Player of the Year award - at least not one of the orthodox kind.
The only category in which I think I have excelled has been that of impressive substitute warm-ups!


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I am relatively new to Microsoft's new implementation of Model View Controller. I'm creating an app in MVC 2.
I have a strongly typed view called "CreateAlbum" that's tied to a model class called "Album". All information displayed in that view comes from the "Album" model. I need to display data from two lists (that aren't in the "Album" model) inside my "CreateAlbum" view.
The contents of these two lists were created in an Action method called "CreateAlbum()".
- How do I pass two lists which were created in an action method to a strongly typed view?
- Once I pass those two lists into a strongly typed view, I'd need to tie information in each of those lists to a drop-down list. How would I do that?
Again, please note that this is MVC 2. Answers that I've seen are all specific to MVC 3. Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance.


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Around Town
Get started with Cappex to compare the CUNY New York City College of Technology weather with your hometown!Create an account now!
Nothing. No gym, no social areas (a few benches in a hall, do not count). Let me take that back, the social area seems to be the quiet, for individual study only section of the library. If you enjoy a library that reaches temperatures of 90 degrees Fahrenheit while you're trying to study (A/C is apparently out of their budget) and enjoy studying in a club setting with other students screaming and blasting music around you, then yes, this is the place for you.Read More
There's ping pong teams that seems to interest people a lotRead More
cant stress the clubs are great for networking.Read More
There are places to hangout withing the school and there are wonderful places outside the school for hangout with fellow students or even with professionals from the offices around the school. Thursday afternoon is club activity time.Read More
Joining the clubs New York City College of Technology has to offer, and spending time with friends out at lunch time is what I do for fun.Read More
Dj, dance, sportsRead More
I like to play sports, such as basketball and football.Read More
There are a lot of activities both sports and social.Read More
They have lot of clubs and have a park to play.Read More


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Thursday, May 28, 2009
© Copyright 2015 Gwinnett Daily Post
Obama promotes clean energyLAS VEGAS - President Barack Obama hailed renewable energy as economical, efficient and a job-creator as he marked the first 100 days of his economic stimulus plan. In a Western trip devoted mainly to raising political money, Obama said Wednesday that the $787 billion stimulus is paying dividends nationwide. He also announced more spending for renewable energy after touring a large field of solar panels at Nellis Air Force Base, near Las Vegas. The sun-powered cells provide a quarter of the base's power needs, Obama said, speaking in a large hangar warmed by the desert heat. ""That's the equivalent of powering about 13,200 homes during the day,' he said, and it will save the Air Force nearly $1 million a year. Police seek Pa. mom, girl after abduction calls PHILADELPHIA - Police and the FBI searched Wednesday for a 9-year-old girl and her mother, who called 911 on a cell phone to say she had been stuffed into the trunk of a car and abducted with the girl by two men after a daytime fender-bender near Philadelphia. Bonnie Sweeten, 38, of Feasterville, made at least two 911 calls Tuesday afternoon from her cell phone, saying she was locked in a car trunk, Philadelphia police said. Sweeten implied that her daughter was with her, but the girl is not heard on the tapes, Lt. Frank Vanore said. Former speaker indicted on perjury charges TALLAHASSEE, Fla. - A grand jury has charged former Florida House Speaker Ray Sansom with perjury in an indictment related to $6 million Sansom steered to Northwest Florida State College for an aircraft hangar. Also being indicted is Sansom's friend and political supporter Jay Odom, who is charged with official misconduct. Odom had sought and failed to get government money for the hangar. Sansom later stuck an appropriation in the 2007-08 state budget for the project. Sansom's lawyer, Stephen Dobson, said a jury will hear more evidence than the grand jury did and predicts his client will be cleared. Odom didn't return a message left at his office. Sansom stepped down as speaker in January, a little more than two months after taking the office. Disney, woman injured by tram reach settlement LOS ANGELES - A Chinese woman who fell out of a moving Disneyland tram and suffered injuries that left her needing 24-hour medical supervision for the rest of her life has reached a settlement in a lawsuit she filed against the Walt Disney Co. Lawyers for Qi Zhao and Disney reached the agreement Tuesday, bringing a two-week trial in Los Angeles County Superior Court to an abrupt end. Details of the accord were not released. Zhao, 48, filed her suit in 2007, alleging the tram driver was going too fast. She was riding the tram with two sisters and a niece. According to the complaint, one of the sisters fell from the tram as it moved toward a parking lot. Man pleads not guilty to killing Chandra Levy WASHINGTON - A man serving a prison sentence for attacking women in a Washington park pleaded not guilty Wednesday to killing federal intern Chandra Levy. Twenty-seven-year-old Ingmar Guandique was arraigned in District of Columbia Superior Court on six counts, including first-degree murder, kidnapping and attempted sexual abuse. He pleaded not guilty to all counts. Judge Geoffrey Alprin set a two-week jury trial for Jan. 27. 7-year-old drives for help after crash in NM CLOVIS, N.M. - A 7-year-old girl survived a crash that killed her father and drove the family's damaged vehicle to get help, police said. State police Capt. Jimmy Glascock said 40-year-old Guillermo Montes of Bovina, Texas, was thrown out of the vehicle Saturday night when it went off a highway and rolled over, coming to rest in a field in Curry County. Glascock said little Elizabeth Kazza realized her father was dead and drove for about three miles until a passing motorist spotted her. "(It took) a lot of courage. ... It's remarkable anybody could drive after something like that,' Glascock said. - From wire reports
More like this story
- Tram at St. Louis Gateway Arch moving again after 8 months ( March 15, 2008 )
- State briefs ( September 18, 2005 )
- Indictments filed in separate cases ( July 18, 2009 )
- Grand jury indicts men in sexual abuse cases ( January 26, 2007 )
- Nation Briefs ( January 31, 2009 )


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A control system for an appliance utilizing a plurality of peripheral devices includes a controller and a communications bus coupled to the plurality of peripheral devices and to the controller. The controller is configured to receive data from the peripheral devices over the communications bus and transmit control operations to the peripheral devices based on the data received. The communications bus reduces overall wiring requirements due to elimination or reduction of power wiring of the peripheral devices, facilitates distributed displays and human machine interfaces, and allows model differentiation with late point identification by a population of bus connections with a sensor, display, interface, or a blank. A data collision detection scheme is also provided to ensure proper communication along the bus.
1. A method for controlling communications of an appliance system, the appliance including at least one peripheral device and a communications bus coupled to the peripheral device, said method comprising the steps of:
configuring each of the peripheral devices with a unique address;
configuring a first peripheral device as a master and a second peripheral device as a slave;
transmitting a command over the communications bus from the master to the slave, wherein transmitting a command comprises the step of transmitting a command packet including an STX, a slave address, a packet length, a command, a plurality of data bytes, a plurality of CRCs, and an ETX; and
receiving data from the slave.
2. A method in accordance with
3. A method in accordance with
4. A method in accordance with
5. A method in accordance with
6. A method in accordance with
7. A method in accordance with
8. A method in accordance with
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18. A control system for an appliance including a plurality of peripheral devices, said control system comprising:
a controller;
a communications bus coupled to the plurality of peripheral devices and coupled to said controller, said communications bus including a diagnostic communications port and a collision detection system, said controller configured to:
receive data from the peripheral devices over said communications bus; and
transmit control operations to the peripheral devices based on said data,
wherein said plurality of peripheral devices are each configured to be at least one of a master and a slave, and
wherein said master is configured to send a command packet to request an action from a slave, and
wherein said command packet comprises an STX, an address, a packet length, a command, a data byte, a CRC, and an ETX.
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29. A control system for an appliance including a plurality of peripheral devices, said control system comprising:
a controller;
a communications bus coupled to the plurality of peripheral devices and coupled to said controller, said communications bus including a diagnostic communications port and a collision detection system, said controller configured to:
receive data from the peripheral devices over said communications bus; and
transmit control operations to the peripheral devices based on said data,
each said peripheral device configured to send a request to and receive a response from another of said peripheral devices, each said request including a command packet comprising an STX, an address, a packet length, a command, a data byte, a CRC, and an ETX.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
This invention relates generally to control systems for appliances, and more particularly, to a control system for a refrigerator.
Known household appliances are available in various platforms having different structural features, operational features, and controls. For example, known refrigerator platforms include side-by-side single and double fresh food and freezer compartments, and vertically oriented fresh food and freezer compartments including top mounted freezer compartments, and bottom mounted freezer compartments. Conventionally, a different control system is used in each refrigerator platform. For example, a control system for a side-by-side refrigerator typically controls the freezer temperature by controlling operation of a mullion damper located between the fresh food compartment and the freezer compartment, a fresh food fan and a variable or multi-speed fan-speed evaporator fan. Top mount refrigerators and bottom mount refrigerators however, are available with and without a mullion damper, the absence or presence of which consequently affects the refrigerator controls. Other major appliances, including dishwashers, washing machines, dryers and ranges, are available in various platforms and employ different control schemes.
Known electronically controlled appliances typically employ a dedicated connection between a controller and a plurality of peripheral devices, including but not limited to sensors to monitor various operating conditions of the appliance. Typically, analog signals are transmitted between the sensors and the controller. These analog signals, however, are vulnerable to electrical interference, which can compromise performance of the appliance. To reduce electrical interference, additional electronic circuitry may be employed, but only at increased complexity and cost of the control scheme. Further, ever-expanding appliance features entail relatively sophisticated control schemes and many electrical connections to place all the peripheral devices in communication with the controller. A large number of electrical connections not only increases assembly costs, but presents a possible defect in manufacturing or possibility of failure in use.
In an exemplary embodiment, a control system for an appliance utilizing a plurality of peripheral devices includes a controller and a communications bus coupled to the plurality of peripheral devices and to the controller. The controller is configured to receive data from the peripheral devices over the communications bus and transmit control operations to the peripheral devices based on the data received. The communications bus reduces overall wiring requirements due to elimination or reduction of power wiring of the peripheral devices, thereby increasing appliance reliability and safety performance. Distributed displays and human machine interfaces are also facilitated, and model differentiation is obtainable with late point identification by a population of bus connections with a sensor, display, interface, or a blank. Further, use of a digital low voltage bus system increases data reliability in the presence of electrical noise, thus improving electromagnetic compatibility of an appliance.
In one aspect, the communications bus is an asynchronous serial communications bus, and a data collision detection system prevents miscommunication between the controller and the peripheral devices. The controller includes a diagnostic communications port for requesting data available on the bus from the peripheral devices. The peripheral devices are each configured to be at least one of a master and a slave to send or receive a command packet over the bus to execute control functions. The peripheral devices include sensors, circuit boards, displays, or subsystems of the appliance, such as, for example, a refrigerator icemaker or dispensing system.
A flexible control scheme is therefore provided for reliable controlling various appliance platforms with a single control scheme.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a refrigerator;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a refrigerator controller in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are a block diagram of the main control board shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the main control board shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary bus and sensor connections in a top mount refrigerator;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an addressing scheme; and
FIG. 7 is a circuit schematic of a one wire communication system.
FIG. 1 illustrates a side-by-side refrigerator 100 in which the present invention may be practiced. It is recognized, however, that the benefits of the present invention apply to other types of appliances utilizing a plurality of peripheral devices communicating with an electronic controller. Consequently, the description set forth herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the invention to practice with a particular appliance, such as refrigerator 100.
Refrigerator 100 includes a fresh food storage compartment 102 and a freezer storage compartment 104. Freezer compartment 104 and fresh food compartment 102 are arranged side-by-side. A side-by-side refrigerator such as refrigerator 100 is commercially available from General Electric Company, Appliance Park, Louisville, Ky. 40225.
Refrigerator 100 includes an outer case 106 and inner liners 108 and 110. A space between case 106 and liners 108 and 110, and between liners 108 and 110, is filled with foamed-in-place insulation. Outer case 106 normally is formed by folding a sheet of a suitable material, such as pre-painted steel, into an inverted U-shape to form top and side walls of case. A bottom wall of case 106 normally is formed separately and attached to the case side walls and to a bottom frame that provides support for refrigerator 100. Inner liners 108 and 110 are molded from a suitable plastic material to form freezer compartment 104 and fresh food compartment 102, respectively. Alternatively, liners 108, 110 may be formed by bending and welding a sheet of a suitable metal, such as steel. The illustrative embodiment includes two separate liners 108, 110 as it is a relatively large capacity unit and separate liners add strength and are easier to maintain within manufacturing tolerances. In smaller refrigerators, a single liner is formed and a mullion spans between opposite sides of the liner to divide it into a freezer compartment and a fresh food compartment.
A breaker strip 112 extends between a case front flange and outer front edges of liners. Breaker strip 112 is formed from a suitable resilient material, such as an extruded acrylic-butadiene-styrene based material (commonly referred to as ABS).
The insulation in the space between liners 108, 110 is covered by another strip of suitable resilient material, which also commonly is referred to as a mullion 114. Mullion 114 also preferably is formed of an extruded ABS material. It will be understood that in a refrigerator with separate mullion dividing a unitary liner into a freezer and a fresh food compartment, a front face member of mullion corresponds to mullion 114. Breaker strip 112 and mullion 114 form a front face, and extend completely around inner peripheral edges of case 106 and vertically between liners 108, 110. Mullion 114, insulation between compartments, and a spaced wall of liners separating compartments, sometimes are collectively referred to herein as a center mullion wall 116.
Shelves 118 and slide-out drawers 120 normally are provided in fresh food compartment 102 to support items being stored therein. A bottom drawer or pan 122 partly forms a quick chill and thaw system (not shown) and selectively controlled, together with other refrigerator features, by a microprocessor (not shown in FIG. 1) according to user preference via manipulation of a control interface 124 mounted in an upper region of fresh food storage compartment 102 and coupled to the microprocessor. A shelf 126 and wire baskets 128 are also provided in freezer compartment 104. In addition, an ice maker 130 may be provided in freezer compartment 104.
A freezer door 132 and a fresh food door 134 close access openings to fresh food and freezer compartments 102, 104, respectively. Each door 132, 134 is mounted by a top hinge 136 and a bottom hinge (not shown) to rotate about its outer vertical edge between an open position, as shown in FIG. 1, and a closed position (not shown) closing the associated storage compartment. Freezer door 132 includes a plurality of storage shelves 138 and a sealing gasket 140, and fresh food door 134 also includes a plurality of storage shelves 142 and a sealing gasket 144.
In accordance with known refrigerators, refrigerator 100 also includes a machinery compartment (not shown) that at least partially contains components for executing a known vapor compression cycle for cooling air. The components include a compressor (not shown in FIG. 1), a condenser (not shown in FIG. 1), an expansion device (not shown in FIG. 1), and an evaporator (not shown in FIG. 1) connected in series and charged with a refrigerant. The evaporator is a type of heat exchanger which transfers heat from air passing over the evaporator to a refrigerant flowing through the evaporator, thereby causing the refrigerant to vaporize. The cooled air is used to refrigerate one or more refrigerator or freezer compartments via fans (not shown in FIG. 1). Collectively, the vapor compression cycle components in a refrigeration circuit, associated fans, and associated compartments are referred to herein as a sealed system. The construction of the sealed system is well known and therefore not described in detail herein, and the sealed system is operable to force cold air through the refrigerator in response to sensed conditions via a plurality of sensors (not shown in FIG. 1).
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary controller 160 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Controller 160 can be used, for example, in refrigerators, freezers and combinations thereof, including but not limited to refrigerator 100 (shown in FIG. 1). It is recognized, however, that controller 160 is easily adaptable to control other types of appliances, including but not limited to dishwashers, washing machines, dryers and ranges in light of the principles set forth below.
Controller 160 includes a diagnostic port 162 and a human machine interface (HMI) board 164 coupled to a main control board 166 by an asynchronous interprocessor communications bus 168. An analog to digital converter ("A/D converter") 170 is coupled to main control board 166. A/D converter 170 converts analog signals from a plurality of sensors including one or more fresh food compartment temperature sensors 172, a quick chill/thaw feature pan (i.e., pan 122 shown in FIG. 1) temperature sensors 174 (shown in FIG. 2), freezer temperature sensors 176, external temperature sensors (not shown in FIG. 2), and evaporator temperature sensors 178 into digital signals for processing by main control board 166.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), A/D converter 170 digitizes other input functions (not shown), such as a power supply current and voltage, brownout detection, compressor cycle adjustment, analog time and delay inputs (both use based and sensor based) where the analog input is coupled to an auxiliary device (e.g., clock or finger pressure activated switch), analog pressure sensing of the compressor sealed system for diagnostics and power/energy optimization. Further input functions include external communication via IR detectors or sound detectors, HMI display dimming based on ambient light, adjustment of the refrigerator to react to food loading and changing the air flow/pressure accordingly to ensure food load cooling or heating as desired, and altitude adjustment to ensure even food load cooling and enhance pull-down rate of various altitudes by changing fan speed and varying air flow.
Digital input and relay outputs correspond to, but are not limited to, a condenser fan speed 180, an evaporator fan speed 182, a crusher solenoid 184, an auger motor 186, personality inputs 188, a water dispenser valve 190, encoders 192 for set points, a compressor control 194, a defrost heater 196, a door detector 198, a mullion damper 200, feature pan air handler dampers 202, 204, and a quick chill/thaw feature pan heater 206. Main control board 166 also is coupled to a pulse width modulator 208 for controlling the operating speed of a condenser fan 208, a fresh food compartment fan 210, an evaporator fan 212, and a quick chill system feature pan fan 214.
FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4 are more detailed block diagrams of main control board 166. As shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4, main control board 166 includes a processor 230. Processor 230 performs temperature adjustments/dispenser communication, AC device control, signal conditioning, microprocessor hardware watchdog, and EEPROM read/write functions. In addition, processor executes many control algorithms including sealed system control, evaporator fan control, defrost control, feature pan control, fresh food fan control, stepper motor damper control, water valve control, auger motor control, cube/crush solenoid control, timer control, and self-test operations.
Processor 230 is coupled to a power supply 232 which receives an AC power signal from a line conditioning unit 234. Line conditioning unit 234 filters a line voltage which is, for example, a 90-265 Volts AC, 50/60 Hz signal. Processor 230 also is coupled to an EEPROM 236 and a clock circuit 238.
A door switch input sensor 240 is coupled to fresh food and freezer door switches 242, and senses a door switch state. A signal is supplied from door switch input sensor 240 to processor 230, in digital form, indicative of the door switch state. Fresh food thermistors 244, a freezer thermistor 246, at least one evaporator thermistor 248, a feature pan thermistor 250, and an ambient thermistor 252 are coupled to processor 230 via a sensor signal conditioner 254. Conditioner 254 receives a multiplex control signal from processor 230 and provides analog signals to processor 230 representative of the respective sensed temperatures. Processor 230 also is coupled to a dispenser board 256 and a temperature adjustment board 258 via a serial communications link 260. Conditioner 254 also calibrates the above-described thermistors 244, 246, 248, 250, and 252.
Processor 230 provides control outputs to a DC fan motor control 262, a DC stepper motor control 264, a DC motor control 266, and a relay watchdog 268. Watchdog 268 is coupled to an AC device controller 270 that provides power to AC loads, such as to water valve 190, cube/crush solenoid 184, a compressor 272, auger motor 186, a feature pan heater 206, and defrost heater 196. DC fan motor control 266 is coupled to evaporator fan 212, condenser fan 208, fresh food fan 210, and feature pan fan 214. DC stepper motor control 266 is coupled to mullion damper 200, and DC motor control 266 is coupled to one of more sealed system dampers. The foregoing functions of the above-described electronic control system are performed under the control of firmware implemented as small independent state machines.
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a top mount refrigerator 290 including a common bus system 300 that connects an operator interface, such as human-machine interface 164 (shown in FIG. 2), peripheral devices, such as icemaker 130 (shown in FIG. 1), and sensors to controller 160 (shown in FIGS. 2-4). While bus system 300 is described and illustrated in the context of top mount refrigerator 290 for clarity, it is recognized that bus system 300 is but one example of intercommunications bus 168 (shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B) to control an appliance with a reduced numbers of electrical connections. Thus, the description set forth below is for illustrative purposes only rather than by way of limitation. The principles set forth herein are equally applicable to other types of appliances, including but not limited to refrigerators, ranges, dryers, washing machines and dishwasher appliances.
In a specific exemplary embodiment, a four wire serial bus 300 having two signal wires and two power/ground wires is molded into a refrigerator liner 302. Controller 160 is coupled to serial bus 300, thereby facilitating communication with sensors at all locations where sensory data is required as well as communication with a distributed human-machine interface system 164. Human-machine interface system 164 includes one or more visual displays (not shown), and one or more input selectors (not shown) for operator manipulation to enter refrigerator setpoints, activate refrigerator features, etc.
FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary locations known thermistor sensors including freezer temperature sensor 246, an icemaker temperature sensor 304; first and second fresh food temperature sensors 244, a third fresh food temperature 306, and fresh food humidity sensors-308. In alternative embodiments, greater or fewer than the illustrated number of sensors are employed and coupled to bus system 300 to allow controller 160 to make control decisions based upon operating conditions of refrigerator.
Common bus 300 connects sensors 244, 246, 304, and 308 and other peripheral devices to controller 160. Data exchange between these devices is accomplished by a digital serial signal such as via a one, two, or multi wire serial signal link. Each peripheral device has a unique digital address allowing controller 160 to query its status and request information. The addresses reduce a number of wires to be connected to bus 300. Given a predetermined set of possible responses from sensors 244, 246, 304, and 308 and different interfaces 164 per refrigerator platform, controller 160 is self configurable for different refrigerator platforms while detecting the proper operation of the entire system.
In operation, each sensor 244, 246, 304, and 308, and each peripheral device is selectable by controller 160 through its respective unique address. The address for sensors 244, 246, 304, and 308 is part of the connection scheme in distributed bus 300 where a multitude of additional binary address lines, common to all sensors, is terminated uniquely in a mold sensor connector (not shown in FIG. 5).
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates exemplary address lines connected to a four line serial bus 300 using exemplary first and second mold sensor connectors 320 and 322. Each connector 320 and 322 includes six address lines 324 (labeled A0 through A5), a ground line 326, and a power line 328. Ground line 326 is connected ground line 330 of bus 300. Power line 328 is connected to power line 332 of bus 300. Address lines 324 of connector 320 are connected to ground 326. Address lines A1 through A5 of connector 322 are connected to ground 326. Address line A0 of connector 322 is connected to power line 332. Bus 300 includes signal lines 334, 336 through which control date is sent and received. Signal lines 334, 336 are coupled to signal lines 338, 340 of connectors 320, 322.
In one embodiment, a total of twenty-four unique addresses are required resulting in six address lines 324 per connector 320, 322. Thus, each connector 320, 322 has four wires that are connected between sensors 244, 246, 304, and 308 (shown in FIG. 5) and other devices, and six unique address lines 324 connected to power line 332 and ground 336. Bus 300 includes signal lines 334, 336 through which control date is sent and received. Signal lines 334, 336 are coupled to signal lines 348, 340 of connectors 320, 322, thereby providing twenty four distinct addresses (six per connector 320, 322 on signal line 334 and six per connector 320, 322 on signal line 336).
In an alternative embodiment, a one-wire multi-drop bus 350 is employed, such as that schematically illustrated in FIG. 7. In bus 350, communications are asynchronous and any circuit board, e.g., controller board 166 (shown in FIG. 2), may be a "master" and any other circuit board, e.g., pulse width modulator 208 (shown in FIG. 2) may be a "slave" at any point in time. This topology allows a more object oriented system design approach where an event in the system allows the appropriate circuit board to communicate on bus 350 at the appropriate time.
Bus 350 includes a pair of transistors 352 and 354 connected in a loop back configuration, a transmit terminal 356 and a receive terminal 358. Transmit terminal 356 is connected to resistors 360 and 362 and transistor 352. Transistor 352 is connected to node 364 and network 366. Network 366 includes resistors 368 and 370 and capacitor 372. Network 366 is connected to an input/output device 374 and node 376. Node 376 is coupled to connector 378 through one wire 380. Node 376 connects to resistor 382, which is connected in series to diode 384. Diode 384 is connected to input/output device 374 and to transistor 354. Transistor 354 is connected to receiver terminal 358.
The loop back configuration enables controller 160 (shown in FIGS. 2-4) to receive a copy of every byte it transmits. Since the transmitted and received signals are ground mixed, only one signal wire 380 is required to couple connector 378 to the bus. In a further alternative embodiment, a master unit (not shown) compares transmitted bytes to bytes that were received to ensure no data collision occurs. In still a further alternative embodiment, a signal line (not shown) is used to test the DC state of a communication line to ensure that the communication line is available for transmission.
More specifically, in one embodiment, a collision detection scheme is used to determine whether a device is holding a DC state of communication bus 350 to a non-quiescent state. Once a 'clear line' has been detected, a character is transmitted. Due to the loop-back of system 350, the receiver of the transmitting device receives a copy of the byte to be transmitted. The copy of the byte is compared to the byte actually sent to ensure that no data collision occurred. If a collision did occur then a re-try is executed.
In yet another alternative embodiment, an address is local to each sensor resulting in unique sensors addresses, thereby eliminating molded address line connectors and reducing the connector complexity. In this type of system, no two sensors may have the same address, and sensor personalization is added during sensor manufacture such as, for example, with unique sensor serial numbers on the same wafer and treating a wafer as a 'lot.' Controller 160 (shown in FIG. 2) then queries the sensors and peripheral devices for their address during fabrication or calibration, and controller 160 writes associated data into non-volatile memory 236 (shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B). In operation controller 160 uses this information to address the sensors in turn. This entails, however, a sufficient number of sensors available with different serial numbers for field service and upgrades.
In various alternative embodiments, a combination of the above described systems are employed for reduced cost or enhanced performance.
Appliance model differentiation can be achieved by either populating or not populating designated sensor locations communicating with one or more of the above-described buses 168, 300, 350. Additionally, model differences between displays, interfaces, and peripheral devices can be maintained by having different addresses assigned to different display, interface, and peripheral device types. Further, where multiple displays, interface, and peripheral devices are used, the sensor addressing scheme can be combined with model data being transmitted back to controller 160 to allow controller 160 to respond differently to different displays, interfaces, and peripheral devices. Still further, when a particular appliance model or platform does not call for a particular sensor to be present, a blank can be inserted to allow the same molded wiring approach to be used for all models. A versatile connection scheme is therefore provided.
If data bandwidth of the above schemes is determined to be insufficient, a dedicated serial or parallel bus connection scheme (not shown) may be used. Additionally, conventional analog signal response can be incorporated. The serial bus scheme described above can be expanded to a parallel bus scheme for higher data rate transmission by implementing, synchronously or asynchronously, combinations of the above-described schemes in parallel.
The above described digital bus connection scheme facilitates use of a modular controller/sensor/peripheral/human machine interface with commonality and upgrade paths. Additionally, overall wiring requirements are appreciably reduced due to elimination or reduction of power wiring resulting in increased appliance reliability and safety performance. Distributed displays and human machine interfaces are also facilitated, and model differentiation is obtainable with late point identification by a population of bus connections with a sensor, display, interface, or a blank.
Further, use of a digital low voltage bus system increases data reliability in the presence of electrical noise, thus improving electromagnetic compatibility of an appliance. Complexity of connectors and assembly is also reduced by through use of a bus system with common and interchangeable components. In certain cases, where very low signal levels only are available from the sensing device proper, local amplification and analog to digital signal conversion enables sensing of a required feature that previously was not possible with conventional analog signal processing.
Referring back to FIG. 2, a diagnostic communications port 162 (shown in FIG. 2) is provided to communicate with inter-processor serial communications bus 168 (shown in FIG. 2), or more specifically bus 350 in one embodiment (shown in FIG. 7). Therefore, diagnostics communications port 162 has a similar structure as bus 168 so that diagnostics port 162 can request any data that is available on the inter-processor serial communications bus 168.
Inter-processor serial communications bus 168 is used to communicate between two or more circuit boards, microcontrollers or other equipment (devices) distributed among one or more appliance platforms (typically between main control board 166 (shown in FIG. 2) and HMI board 164 (shown in FIG. 2)). Interprocessor serial communications bus 168 facilitates on demand communications in a multi-master environment. This communication standard does not imply, however, that more than two devices need be present to successfully communicate, nor does it limit a number of devices that can be placed on bus 168 beyond the limits set by the physical addressing scheme.
Because the system architecture has a level of asynchronous activity, the bus architecture is a multi-master environment. The multi-master arrangement allows any device in the system to request information or actions from any other device in the system at any time once they successfully attain control of bus 168 through arbitration.
In one embodiment, a collision detection scheme is employed to determine when communications port 162 is free or in use and when a collision has occurred on bus 168. A collision occurs when two or more masters attempt to use communications bus 168 at the same time. When bus 350 is used, a collision can be detected because the transmit and receive ports on controller 160 are connected to the same wire on bus 350, albeit through additional circuitry. Control of the interrupts associated with communications port 162 allows this to be an interrupt driven activity. Logically, this is a byte-oriented protocol. A higher level software protocol determines the length and content of packets comprising messages.
As will be seen, the protocol includes a physical layer, a data link layer, and an application layer. The physical layer determines an operational state of the bus system, the data link layer defines information communicated on the bus, and the application layer determines system response to communicated information on the bus. The following state table describes a physical layer of the protocol, explained further below.
In delay states "5" and "6," a byte time is defined as the amount of time required to transmit a single byte on communications bus 168, which is dependent upon determined by the baud rate, number of data bits, number of stop bits, and a parity bit, if used.
The variable delay period shown in state "5" is intended to make the restart delay time random. If a collision does occur, the two bus masters will not delay the same amount of time before retrying transmission, thereby reducing the possibility of subsequent collisions by the two masters. The variable delay period is determined by a known pseudo-random number process, or by a known circuit board function.
The data-link layer defines information moving across bus 168 in any given information packet. The bytes defined in the data-link layer do not necessarily have a one-to-one correlation with the bytes in the physical layer. Many physical devices, such as inter-IC Control (I2C), have bits in the physical layer that implement the functions of some of the bytes in the data-link layer. This data-link layer is intended to be generic so that an application layer of the software will not need to change even if the physical device must be redesigned. This layer of the communication system is appropriate for such technologies as a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) multi-drop environment.
The protocol is designed for use in a master/slave environment. However, rather than used with a designated master and several slaves, the protocol is implemented in a small network type of environment where a same device can be a master through one communication cycle and then become a slave for another communication cycle.
A command is used by a master device to request action from a slave. The command packet, in one embodiment, has the structure shown in the table below:
Specifically, Start-of-Text (STX) is one byte with a value of 0�02, and to determine whether an STX is valid, controller 160 determines whether an Acknowledge (ACK) byte follows STX. If the value 0�02 is in the middle of a transmission and not followed by ACK, the value should not be interpreted as an STX.
Address is one byte and each device connected to bus 168 has one effective address.
Packet length is the number of bytes in the packet including STX, Address, Packet Length, Command, Data, Cyclic-Redundancy Check (CRC), and End-of-Text (ETX). The packet length value is equivalent to 7+n, where n is the number of data bytes.
Command or request is one byte defined by the application layer.
Data may be zero, one, or multiple bytes as defined in the application layer, except for the case of a request in which the first data byte will be the master's address so the slave will know which device to respond to.
CRC is a 16-bit Cyclic-Redundancy Check, and ETX (End-of-Text) is one byte with a value of 0�03.
For each command packet sent, the CRC is computed on all bytes of the packet except the STX, the CRC byte pair and the ETX. An exemplary CRC source code is set for the in the Appendix. It is understood that the number of bytes may vary depending on specific need, that a different code may be used by the STX function, and that different ETX codes or CRC codes may be used in alternative embodiments.
An exemplary protocol is set forth Appendix Tables 1-3, and is shown with all ACKs in the sequence. At any point in the process where an ACK can be sent a Not-Acknowledge (NAK) may be sent instead. If a NAK is transmitted, the communication sequence is aborted at that point. The master then has the option of re-starting the sequence, depending on the application. A NAK is transmitted only in response to an overrun or framing error detected on, or in lieu of, a received byte or in response to a received ETX when the computed packet CRC does not match the transmitted packet CRC. An additional ACK is sent at the end of each packet.
In one embodiment, an ACK is one byte with a value of 0�06, and a NAK is one byte with a value of 0�15. In alternative embodiments, different codes are employed to identify an ACK and a NAK, respectively.
The protocol set forth in Appendix Tables 1-3 assume that time increments with each row of the table. Up to 100 milliseconds of delay is tolerated (and one embodiment, 100 milliseconds) for any expected event (row); an ACK response to a transmitted byte, or the reception of the next byte of an incomplete packet. Data direction is indicated by arrows. For the request sequence and response to request sequence, the first data byte is the transmitter's address.
Exemplary address designations are set forth in Appendix Table 4. A version number request and a version number reply are incorporated into the protocol application layer. Factory and service equipment can verify the version number and product type of each associated device for each appliance. A version number request command is shown below.
The Version Number Request includes one data byte, which is the requestor's address. This enables the receiver to respond to the correct device.
A Version Number Reply includes four data bytes. The first data byte is the requestee's address. The requester then knows which device is replying. The second data byte is the product identifier (specified in the product application layer). The next two data bytes are the encoded version number. Appendix Table 5 sets forth an exemplary version number request and version number reply sequence. Printed wiring assembly in the product organizes the application layer.
Because main control board 166 controls most of the mission critical loads, each function within board 166 will include a time out. The time outs ensure that a failure in the communication system will not result in a catastrophic failure (e.g., when the water valve 190 (shown in FIG. 2) is actuated, a time out will prevent free flow of water through the valve if the communication system has been interrupted for a predetermined time). Appendix Table 6 sets forth exemplary main control board 166 commands for controlling various features of refrigerator 100 (shown in FIG. 1).
Appendix Table 7, sets forth bits in the byte returned by a sensor state command. A state of the refrigerator command returns the bytes as set forth in Appendix Table 8.
A command byte, command received, communication response, and physical response of HMI board 164 are set forth in Appendix Table 9. A set buttons command sends the bytes as specified in Appendix Table 10. The bits in the first two bytes correspond as shown in Appendix Table 10. Bytes 2-7 correspond to respective LEDs as shown in Appendix Table 10. A read buttons command returns the bytes specified in Appendix Table 11. The bits in the first two bytes correspond to the values set forth in Appendix Table 12.
A command byte, command received, communication response, and physical response of dispenser board 330 are set forth in Appendix Table 12. A set buttons commands send the bytes specified in Appendix Table 13. The bits in the first two bytes correspond as shown in Appendix Table 13. Bytes 2-7 correspond to the respective LEDs as shown in Appendix Table 13. The read buttons command returns the bytes shown in Appendix Table 14. The bits in the first two bytes correspond to the values set forth in Appendix Table 14.
Regarding HMI board 164 (shown in FIG. 2), parameter data is set forth in Appendix Table 15 and data stores is set forth in Appendix Table 16. For control board 166 (shown in FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B), parameter data is set forth in Appendix Table 17 and data stores is set forth in Appendix Table 18. Exemplary Read-Only Memory (ROM) constants are set forth in Appendix Table 19.
It is recognized that other bytes, codes, constants, addresses, and other parameter values may be used in alternative embodiments.
While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims.
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Jill McDonough's poem drives home the idea that when it comes to the many lives taken in our ongoing drone wars, "On the screen or on the ground, death observed is still death."
Steve Sack, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Cagle Cartoons —
President Obama expressed "profound regret" over the deaths of two hostages—an American and an Italian—in a drone strike on al-Qaida in January before praising what he described as his administration's exceptionally transparent response to the tragedy.
The renowned activist and linguist weighs in on the recent shift in relations between Cuba and the United States, as well as drone strikes in Yemen and the activities of the leftist parties Syriza and Podemos in Greece and Spain, among other current events.
The metamorphosis of the drone from eye to weapon came about almost by chance as the new millennium began. Barely two months after the outbreak of hostilities in Afghanistan, President George W. Bush declared: "It is clear the military does not have enough unmanned vehicles."
The United States is now involved in two air wars in the Middle East, not to mention more widespread drone actions.
The Washington editor of Harper's Magazine, Andrew Cockburn, tells Jon Stewart about the increasingly technologically dependent and hands-off process that American officials use to kill militants and, inadvertently, civilians in other countries.
In an interview with a Brazilian television network, Noam Chomsky discusses the many ways the Obama administration has not only supported terrorism but taken part in it.
More drones are being transferred between countries than ever before, says the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
The U.S. drone war across much of the Greater Middle East and parts of Africa is in a kind of crisis: drone pilots are quitting in record numbers.
While Presidents Eisenhower and Bush decided on exceptions that violated national boundaries and international treaties, President Obama is exercising his exceptional prerogatives in the unbounded domains of aerospace and cyberspace.
An extract from the documentary film "Drone" shows military recruiters scanning video game fairs for the next generation of drone operators for often-lethal military activities in the Middle East and elsewhere.
"The Daily Show" host explains why a recent White House security breach probably has to do with Obama's love of drones, or rather their love of him.
By Mike Luckovich —
Thousands demonstrated in Sanaa on Saturday morning against the Houthi takeover of the Yemeni government.
John Oliver and his HBO show "Last Week Tonight" will be back Feb. 8 after a lengthy hiatus. In the meantime, check out our favorite clips of the British comedian's program from the past year.
Wikileaks has released a government assessment of drone strikes aimed at assassinating top leaders.
Having so many drones flying around may have "serious implications" for journalists and researchers; India named its first "yoga czar"; meanwhile, a Fox News interview shows the holes in Dick Cheney's defense of CIA torture. These discoveries and more after the jump.
Truthdig columnist, author and activist Chris Hedges paid a visit this week to "The Laura Flanders Show" to discuss U.S. foreign policy, civil disobedience, resistance to empire and the corporate state, as well as a host of other topics.
A former reporter and professor of journalism argues that The New York Times omits and blurs facts to protect Israel; drones are having an impact on the way we measure crowds, which is significant in a number of ways; meanwhile, a Russian TV show tried to prove that American parents turn their children gay with propaganda. These discoveries and more after the jump.
John Oliver's been looking for information about the unmanned death robots, such as what exactly an "imminent threat means" or how many people are killed during any given drone strike. So far, "hard facts" have been hard to come by, and in the "Last Week Tonight" host's words, it's "completely fucking terrifying."
Truthdig Editor-in-Chief Robert Scheer and the other "Left, Right & Center" panelists look at Russia's continuous push into Ukraine, a possible price for passivity with ISIS, the tax logic or corporate betrayal of Burger King's expatriation to Canada, and the coming of the Google drones.
This week on Truthdig Radio in association with KPFK: The Mideast scholar suspects the U.S. will begin bombing Iraq like northern Pakistan, police in Ferguson, Mo., provoke a federal investigation, Hillary Clinton stumbles and we remember Robin Williams.
AP/Jacquelyn Martin
President Obama has saved George W. Bush's torturers from the Hague, perhaps hoping a future executive will spare his own administration.
Thanks to a much contested, recently released but significantly redacted Justice Department white paper providing the basis for the extrajudicial killing of American citizen Anwar al-Awlaki, we finally know the president in post-constitutional America is officially judge, jury and executioner.
Bob Englehart, Cagle Cartoons, The Hartford Courant —
Ever wanted to bask in the warmth and light of a fireworks display? Footage taken from an unmanned aerial vehicle gets us as close to the spectacular experience as possible.
Milt Priggee, Cagle Cartoons, http://www.miltpriggee.com —
In our growing reliance on armed drones as instruments of war, how slippery is the slope we're sliding on?
President Obama announced Thursday that he will send 300 Green Beret Army special operations soldiers to Iraq.
As Sunni militants continue their march across the country, Secretary of State John Kerry acknowledged Monday that the U.S. is considering launching drone strikes in Iraq. "Democracy Now!" speaks with Iraqi-American political analyst Raed Jarrar for clarity on the developments.
White House/Pete Souza
In the post-Cold War era, it was possible to hold grand illusions and chase utopian dreams. As President Obama understands, and his foreign policy critics fail to grasp, that time is past.
It would be easy enough to assume that the kind of analytical work remote pilots do would result in a sense of job satisfaction and little more. That, it turns out, would be a mistake.
The government has claimed every legal right to kill American citizen Anwar al-Awlaki without a trial, but has so far refused to release the actual memo granting permission.
thierry ehrmann (CC BY 2.0)
Drones flying over a field in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan will see a tragic portrait staring back at them.
AP Images. Titan Aerospace: Solara 50 aircraft
Facebook's planned drone program competes with Google's Project Loon for global dominance in the race to make the Internet available to all earthlings.
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America's Best Franchising, Inc. Opens Nine Hotels in Q3
Tuesday October 15th, 2013 - 9:38AM
These are shortcuts to your favorite social networking and bookmark sites. Add this story to your Facebook page, del.icio.us, DiggIt, and many others!
ATLANTA—America's Best Franchising, Inc. has opened nine new hotels during the third quarter, bringing its total up to 22 new hotels year-to-date, amounting to 1,808 rooms.
The nine new properties include Jameson Inns & Suites in Brunswick, GA; Jacksonville, FL; Conway, SC; Monroe, NC; and Bowling Green, KY; America's Best Inns & Suites in Siler City, NC; and Stewartville, MN; a Country Hearth Inns & Suites in Piedmont, AL; and a 3 Palms Hotels & Resorts in Jaisal Villas, in the Rajasthan province in northwestern India.
The company now operates almost 300 hotels, primarily in the United States, but it also has a presence in India, China, Canada and Belize.
Tags: Americas Best Franchising Inc • ABF • Jameson Inns Suites • Americas Best Inns Suites • Country Hearth Inns Suites • 3 Palms Hotels Resorts • Georgia • Florida • South Carolina • North Carolina • Kentucky • Minnesota • Alabama • India • Hospitality • Quarterly Results •
Social media… Everyone's doing it. Or are they? At the recent NYU International Hospitality Industry Investment Conference, the moderator of one of the sessions asked how many of the hotel executives on the panel were active on social media.
Radisson Opens New Hotel in Dallas »
W Hotel in Downtown Atlanta Sold
AccorHotels Signs Deal for 50 Hotel Management Contracts in Angola
The LINQ Hotel & Casino Now Open After Complete Renovation
Red Lion Inn & Suites to Expand to Texas
First Hotel Under Hyatt Brand Opens in Okinawa
Wyndham Hotel Group Expands Upscale Wyndham Brand in China
Palisades Hospitality Acquires the Colony Palms in Palm Springs, CA
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text:
Grey (manga)
|Action, Adventure, Sci-fi
|Written by
|Yoshihisa Tagami
|Published by
|Tokuma Shoten
|English publisher
|Viz Media
|Monthly Shōnen Captain
|Original run
|1985 – 1987
|Anime film
|Grey: Digital Target
|Directed by
|Satoshi Dezaki
|Magic Bus
Tokuma Japan Corp.
|December 13, 1986
|73 minutes
Grey is a Japanese science fiction manga created by Yoshihisa Tagami that was published in the 1980s.
It was also turned into an anime under the title Grey: Digital Target.
The world is covered in wastelands that are dotted with numbered "Towns". All Towns are supervised by computers called "Little Mamas" (nodes connected to the world governing super-computer called "Big Mama"); the underprivileged live in the slums and are referred to as "People". One can only become one of the privileged "Citizens" by joining the army and fighting the other Towns' forces, as the Towns are continually at war with one another. Combatants earn 50 credits per mission, plus 30 credits for every enemy killed. Once the total reaches 1000, the fighter's class is increased by one category (starting at F, then going to E, D, C, B and making one's way up to A). The A class guarantees a transfer to the idyllic, legendary "City".
Citizens have numerous advantages over People: in addition to getting out of the ghetto, they do not worry about being beaten up, raped or otherwise victimized. It's this advantage that leads Grey's lover, a girl known as "Lips", to become a Trooper. Her death, during her first and only operation, leads Grey to join the army as well and follow her dream of getting to the City by sheer force of will. Grey soon earns the nickname "Grey Death" for his tenacity on the battlefield and ability to survive when the rest of his comrades are killed. He only accepts orders that keep him alive, and will not kill the resistance fighters that fight against the Town system because they are not worth any points. Sullen and cocky, Grey exists only to survive and kill, in that order.
Grey's sense of loyalty gets him into trouble when he finds out that his field commander, a man that saved his life many times, is lost in the African sector. He abandons Town 303 to go look for him. Along the way, he discovers who and what the resistance fighters are, why the Towns are all different in both military might and how they are run, and what the true secret of "Big Mama" is.
Grey is not a lighthearted adventure. The nickname of "Grey Death" is accurate, and the bad luck Grey seems to spread around makes his tragic situation even worse. As we follow him through his adventures, things get darker and darker.
(translator's note: the Japanese text reads "死神と言うグレー" or more literally "the GREY who is called the shinigami (god of death, spirit of death))
Where the manga stays on a downward spiral of tragedy, a few choices in the anime adaptation provide some hope to Grey and his companions.
Harlan Ellison wrote the introduction to the Viz Media English Adaptation. In it, he compared Grey to his own type of hard-edged speculative fiction.
Grey consistently encounters "dolls" (robots and androids closely resembling humans in behavior and speech), leading to tension between his search for the truth behind the Little Mamas and his reliance on robots to perform menial tasks.
|This article possibly contains original research. (September 2009)
Yoshihisa Tagami draws detailed vehicles and mecha in a variety of styles and a mix of retro and future weapon technologies. Each chapter adds new mecha or fantastic weapon of destruction. Towns have different tech levels: we see World War II style tanks, Grey's signature attack jeep, advanced F-15 style jet fighters and other realistic machinery. The series also features armored suits, jet bikes, walker style mecha and cyborgs. The series is notable for the Maya and Inca feel to the technology seen in the latter chapters.
Tagami's characters are simplistically rendered, especially with regard to their facial features. Some of the characters look a little stereotypical of the character design style that stuck around throughout the 1980s.
Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies praised the film as being "intelligently written". She stated that "although the animation is dated, this is one of the most poignant and compelling anime ever made", calling it a "bleak yet uncompromisingly courageous view of the individual choices and chances against the system".[1]
- ^ McCarthy, Helen. 500 Essential Anime Movies: The Ultimate Guide. — Harper Design, 2009. — P. 65. — 528 p. — ISBN 978-0061474507
External links[edit]
- "Translated Manga Pick of the Month" -(J-pop.com)
- Entry in the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction


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