text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Windy Gap Firming Project
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Windy Gap Firming Project, Final Environmental Impact Statement, DOEEIS-0370 (cooperating agency) Western's proposed...
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched FerromagnetismWaste and MaterialsWenjun DengWISPWind Industry2W e l c o m e
EIS-0400: Granby Pumping Plant Switchyard-Windy Gap Substation Transmission Line Rebuild Project, Grand County, CO
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Western Area Power Administration prepared an EIS, with the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Grand County (Colorado) as cooperating agencies, to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of rebuilding a 12-mile, 69 kV electric transmission line in Grand County. The proposed project would rebuild the single-circuit line as a double-circuit transmission line and add a second power transformer. Western identified potentially significant impacts while preparing an EA for this proposal (DOE/EA-1520) and prepared an EIS instead of completing the EA. Further information about the project is available on the project website.
Record of Decision for the Electrical Interconnection of the Windy Point Wind Energy Project.
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has decided to offer contract terms for interconnection of 250 megawatts (MW) of power to be generated by the proposed Windy Point Wind Energy Project (Wind Project) into the Federal Columbia River Transmission System (FCRTS). Windy Point Partners, LLC (WPP) propose to construct and operate the proposed Wind Project and has requested interconnection to the FCRTS. The Wind Project will be interconnected at BPA's Rock Creek Substation, which is under construction in Klickitat County, Washington. The Rock Creek Substation will provide transmission access for the Wind Project to BPA's Wautoma-John Day No.1 500-kilovolt (kV) transmission line. BPA's decision to offer terms to interconnect the Wind Project is consistent with BPA's Business Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement (BP EIS) (DOE/EIS-0183, June 1995), and the Business Plan Record of Decision (BP ROD, August 15, 1995). This decision thus is tiered to the BP ROD.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
EA-1610: Windy Hollow Wind Project, Laramie County, Wyoming
This EA will evaluate the environmental impacts of a proponent request to interconnect their proposed Windy Hollow Wind Project in Laramie County, Wyoming, to DOE�s Western Area Power Administration�s transmission system.
EIS-0370: Windy Gap Firming Project, Colorado | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Career Scientists'Montana.Program - Libbyof EnergyFEIS-Summary-2011.pdf
Substation grounding programs
This document is a users manual and applications guide for the software package SGA. This package comprises four computer programs, namely SOMIP, SMECC, SGSYS, and TGRND. The first three programs are analysis models which are to be used in the design process of substation grounding systems. The fourth program, TGRND, is an analysis program for determining the transient response of a grounding system. This report, Volume 5, is an applications guide of the three computer programs. SOMIP, SMECC, and SGSYS, for the purpose of designing a safe substation grounding system. The applications guide utilizes four example substation grounding systems for the purpose of illustrating the application of the programs, SOMIP, SMECC, and SGSYS. The examples are based on data provided by four contributing utilities, namely, Houston Lighting and Power Company, Southern Company Services, Puget Sound Power and Light Company, and Arizona Public Service Company. For the purpose of illustrating specific capabilities of the computer programs, the data have been modified. As a result, the final designs of the four systems do not necessarily represent actual grounding system designs by these utilities. The example system 1 is a 138 kV/35 kV distribution substation. The example system 2 is a medium size 230 kV/115 kV transmission substation. The third example system is a generation substation while the last is a large 525 kV/345 kV/230 kV transmission substation. The four examples cover most of the practical problems that a user may encounter in the design of substation grounding systems.
Meliopoulos, A.P.S. (Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States). Electric Power Lab.)
This document is a users manual and applications guide for the software package SGA. This package comprises four computer programs, namely SOMIP, SMECC, SGSYS, and TGRND. The first three programs are analysis models which are to be used in the design process of substation grounding systems. The fourth program, TGRND, is an analysis program for determining the transient response of a grounding system. This report, Volume 2, is a users manual and an installation and validation manual for the computer program SMECC (Substation Maximum Earth Current Computation Program). This program analyzes the electric current distribution among grounded structures inside and outside a substation for different fault conditions. The fault conditions are automatically selected by the program, or they may be specified by the user, or both. The fault condition resulting in maximum substation earth current is identified and reported. Data requirements for this program are: ground impedance, transformer data, transmission line data, transmission line grounding impedances, etc. The program provides four types of standard outputs: (1) a report of voltages and current flow in the unfaulted system, (2) a brief report of the maximum ground potential rise (worst fault condition), (3) a summary report of all fault conditions which have been analyzed by the program, and (4) a detailed report of voltages and current flow for a selected set of fault conditions.
PUREX new substation ATR
This document is the acceptance test report (ATR) for the New PUREX Main and Minisubstations. It covers the factory and vendor acceptance and commissioning test reports. Reports are presented for the Main 5 kV substation building, the building fire system, switchgear, and vacuum breaker; the minisubstation control building and switch gear; commissioning test; electrical system and loads inspection; electrical utilities transformer and cable; and relay setting changes based on operational experience.
Nelson, D.E.
This document is a users manual and applications guide for the software package SGA. This package comprises four computer programs, namely SOMIP, SMECC, SGSYS, and TGRND. The first three programs are analysis models which are to be used in the design process of substation grounding systems. The fourth program, TGRND, is an analysis program for determining the transient response of a grounding system. This report, Volume 3, is a users manual and an installation and validation manual for the computer program SGSYS (Substation Grounding SYStem Analysis Program). This program analyzes the substation ground field given the total electric current injected into the ground field and the design of the grounding system. Standard outputs of the program are (1) total ground resistance, (2) step voltage, (3) touch voltage, (4) voltages on a grid of points, (5) voltage profile along straight lines, (6) transfer voltages, (7) ground potential rise, (8) body currents, (9) step voltage profile along straight lines, and (10) touch voltage profile along straight lines. This program can be utilized in an interactive or batch mode. In the interactive mode, the user defines the grounding system geometry, soil parameters, and output requests interactively, with the use of a user friendly conversational program. The users manual describes data requirements and data preparation procedures. An appendix provides forms which facilitate data collection procedures. The installation and validation manual describes the computer files which make up the program SGSYS and provides a test case for validation purposes.
EIS-0400: EPA Notice of Availability of a Draft Environmental...
EIS-0400: EPA Notice of Availability of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement Grandby Pumping Plant Switchyard Windy Gap Substation Transmission Line Rebuild Project, Grand...
The five volume report comprises the user manual, installation, and validation manual and an applications guide for the SGA (Substation Grounding Analysis) software package. SGA consists of four computer programs: (1) SOMIP, (2) SMECC, (3) SGSYS, and (4) TGRND. The first three programs provide a comprehensive analysis tool for the design of substation grounding systems to meet safety standards. The fourth program, TGRND, provides a state of the art analysis tool for computing transient ground potential rise and ground system impedance. This part of the report, Volume 1, is a users manual and an installation and validation manual for the computer program SOMIP (SOil Measurement Interpretation Program). This program computes the best estimate of the parameters of a two layer soil model from usual soil resistivity measurements. Four pin or three pin soil measurements can be accommodated. In addition, it provides error bounds on the soil parameters for a given confidence level. The users manual describes data requirements and data preparation procedures. The installation and validation manual describes the computer files which make up the program SOMIP and provides two test cases for validation purposes. 4 refs.
Meliopoulos, A.P.S. (Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Electrical Engineering)
This document is a users manual and applications guide for the software package SGA. This package comprises four computer programs, namely SOMIP, SMECC, SGSYS, and TGRND. The first three programs are analysis models which are to be used in the design process of substation grounding systems. The fourth program, TGRND, is an analysis program for determining the transient response of a grounding system. It can be used to compute transient ground potential rise due to lightning or switching, and the ground impedance (i.e. resistance and reactance) at specified frequencies. This report, Volume 4, is a users manual and an installation and validation manual for the computer program TGRND (Transient GRouNDing System Analysis Program). This program computes transient ground potential rise resulting from lightning, switching, or other transient electric currents injected to a grounding system. The program also computes the impedance (i.e. resistance and reactance) of a grounding system as a function of frequency. This program can be utilized in an interactive or batch mode. The users manual describes data requirements and data preparation procedures. The installation and validation manual describes the computer files which make up the program TGRND and provides a test case for validation purposes.
Ashland Area Support Substation Project
The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) provides wholesale electric service to the City of Ashland (the City) by transferring power over Pacific Power Light Company's (PP L) 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission lines and through PP L's Ashland and Oak Knoll Substations. The City distributes power over a 12.5-kV system which is heavily loaded during winter peak periods and which has reached the limit of its ability to serve peak loads in a reliable manner. Peak loads under normal winter conditions have exceeded the ratings of the transformers at both the Ashland and Oak Knoll Substations. In 1989, the City modified its distribution system at the request of PP L to allow transfer of three megawatts (MW's) of electric power from the overloaded Ashland Substation to the Oak Knoll Substation. In cooperation with PP L, BPA installed a temporary 6-8 megavolt-amp (MVA) 115-12.5-kV transformer for this purpose. This additional transformer, however, is only a temporary remedy. BPA needs to provide additional, reliable long-term service to the Ashland area through additional transformation in order to keep similar power failures from occurring during upcoming winters in the Ashland area. The temporary installation of another 20-MVA mobile transformer at the Ashland Substation and additional load curtailment are currently being studied to provide for sustained electrical service by the peak winter period 1992. Two overall electrical plans-of-service are described and evaluated in this report. One of them is proposed for action. Within that proposed plan-of-service are location options for the substation. Note that descriptions of actions that may be taken by the City of Ashland are based on information provided by them.
Not Available
Proceedings: Tenth EPRI Substation Equipment Diagnostics Conference
Advanced monitoring and diagnostic sensors and systems are needed to provide reliable and accurate information for determining the condition of major transmission substation equipment. The tenth EPRI Substation Equipment Diagnostics Conference highlighted the work of researchers, universities, manufacturers, and utilities in producing advanced monitoring and diagnostic equipment for substations.
Proceedings: Substation Equipment Diagnostics Conference IX
Advanced monitoring and diagnostic sensors and systems are needed to provide reliable and accurate information for determining the condition of major transmission substation equipment. The ninth EPRI Substation Equipment Diagnostics Conference highlighted the work of researchers, universities, manufacturers, and utilities in producing advanced monitoring and diagnostic equipment for substations.
Transient electromagnetic interference in substations
Electromagnetic interference levels on sensitive electronic equipment are quantified experimentally and theoretically in air and gas insulated substations of different voltages. Measurement techniques for recording interference voltages and currents and electric and magnetic fields are reviewed and actual interference data are summarized. Conducted and radiated interference coupling mechanisms and levels in substation control wiring are described using both measurement results and electromagnetic models validated against measurements. The nominal maximum field and control wire interference levels expected in the switchyard and inside the control house from switching operations, faults, and an average lightning strike are estimated using high frequency transient coupling models. Comparisons with standards are made and recommendations given concerning equipment shielding and surge protection.
Wiggins, C.M.; Thomas, D.E.; Nickel, F.S.; Salas, T.M. (BDM International, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States)); Wright, S.E. (Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States))
RECORD OF CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION DETERMINATION Hygiene Substation...
will occur within the existing, disturbed substation access roaddriveway. B. Number and Title of tile Categorical Exclusion Being Applied: (See text in 10 CFR 1021,...
500-kV Central Ferry Substation ...
Substation Y Y Central Ferry Substation T u c a n n o n R i v e r S n a k e R i v e r 12 U V 127 U V 127 U V 260 U V 261 12 Starbuck Starbuck W h i t m a n W h i t m a...
Cyber Security in Smart Grid Substations
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Cyber Security in Smart Grid Substations Thijs Baars Lucas van den Bemd Michail Theuns Robin van.089 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands #12;CYBER SECURITY IN SMART GRID SUBSTATIONS Thijs Baars email@example.com Abstract. This report describes the state of smart grid security in Europe, specifically the Netherlands
Utrecht, Universiteit
Characterization of electromagnetic transients in power substations
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS IN POWER SUBSTATIONS A Thesis by WILLIAM CHESTER CiOERS, JR. Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE December 1980 Major Subject: Electrical Engineering CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS IN POWER SUBSTATIONS A Thesis by WILLIAM CHESTER GOERS, JR. Approved as to style and content by: Dr. B. Don Russell (Chairman of Committee...
Goers, William Chester
Ashland Area Support Substation Project : Environmental Assessment.
The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) provides wholesale electric service to the City of Ashland (the City) by transferring power over Pacific Power & Light Company`s (PP&L) 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission lines and through PP&L`s Ashland and Oak Knoll Substations. The City distributes power over a 12.5-kV system which is heavily loaded during winter peak periods and which has reached the limit of its ability to serve peak loads in a reliable manner. Peak loads under normal winter conditions have exceeded the ratings of the transformers at both the Ashland and Oak Knoll Substations. In 1989, the City modified its distribution system at the request of PP&L to allow transfer of three megawatts (MW`s) of electric power from the overloaded Ashland Substation to the Oak Knoll Substation. In cooperation with PP&L, BPA installed a temporary 6-8 megavolt-amp (MVA) 115-12.5-kV transformer for this purpose. This additional transformer, however, is only a temporary remedy. BPA needs to provide additional, reliable long-term service to the Ashland area through additional transformation in order to keep similar power failures from occurring during upcoming winters in the Ashland area. The temporary installation of another 20-MVA mobile transformer at the Ashland Substation and additional load curtailment are currently being studied to provide for sustained electrical service by the peak winter period 1992. Two overall electrical plans-of-service are described and evaluated in this report. One of them is proposed for action. Within that proposed plan-of-service are location options for the substation. Note that descriptions of actions that may be taken by the City of Ashland are based on information provided by them.
Data collecting and processing for substation integration enhancement
The issue of substation integration is recognized as a very important one ever since the process of technological development brought a multitude of new computer-based devices and functions into substation operation. During the relatively short time...
Jakovljevic, Sasa
Design, Simulation, and Analysis of Substation Automation Networks
on the Substation Automation Systems (SAS). Substations are nodes in the smart grid infrastructure that help the in transportation of power by connecting the transmission and distribution lines. The SAS applications are con figured to operate with minimal human...
Kembanur Natarajan, Elangovan
Modeling and Simulating Blast Effects on Electric Substations
A software simulation tool was developed at the Idaho National Laboratory to estimate the fragility of electric substation components subject to an explosive blast. Damage caused by explosively driven fragments on a generic electric substation was estimated by using a ray-tracing technique to track and tabulate fragment impacts and penetrations of substation components. This technique is based on methods used for assessing vulnerability of military aircraft and ground vehicles to explosive blasts. An open-source rendering and ray-trace engine was used for geometric modeling and interactions between fragments and substation components. Semi-empirical material interactions models were used to calculate blast parameters and simulate high-velocity material interactions between explosively driven fragments and substation components. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was added to model the random nature of fragment generation allowing a skilled analyst to predict failure probabilities of substation components.
Lyle G. Roybal; Robert F. Jeffers; Kent E. McGillivary; Tony D. Paul; Ryan Jacobson
Report of Experiments at Substation No. 4, Beaumont, Texas.
**W. T. CARTER, JR., B. S.: Chtej T. M. BUSHNELL. B. S.. Sod Suroegur W. B. FRANCIS. B. S.. Soil Sur~euor bondman I?. G. BREWER, B. S., Assisfanf Animal Hus- bandman -- , Soil Sur&yor SUBSTATIONS No. 1. Beeville, Bee County I. E. COWART. M. S... : 19 a.7mm ary ................................................. 20 [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] REPORT OF EXPERIMENTS, SUBSTATION NO. 4, ' BEAUMONT, TEXAS. Substation No. 4, located six miles west of Beaumont, in one of the largest rice...
Laude, H. H. (Hilmer Henry)
Benefits of Using Mobile Transformers and Mobile Substations...
Benefits of Using Mobile Transformers and Mobile Substations for Rapidly Restoring Electrical Service: a Report to the United States Congress Pursuant to Section 1816 of the Energy...
Environmental Assessment : Happy Valley [Substation Project].
The proposed Happy Valley project consists of construction of a new BPA customer service 69-kV substation south of Sequim in Clallam County, Washington. A tie line, to be constructed by the customer as part of this project, will link the new BPA facility to the existing customer's transmission system in the area. This project responds to rapid load growth in the Olympic Peninsula, and will strengthen the existing BPA system and interconnected utility systems. It will reduce transmission losses presently incurred, especially on the BPA system supplying power to the Olympic Peninsula. This report describes the potential environmental impact of the proposed actions. 2 figs., 1 tab.
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia River Gorge. Photo: C. Bruce Forster
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia with juvenile bypass systems to keep the smolts out of the turbines. But given the gravity of the [salmon
Grizzly Substation Fiber Optics : Environmental Assessment.
This notice announces BPA`s decision to construct, operate, and maintain the Grizzly Substation Fiber Optic Project (Project). This Project is part of a continuing effort by BPA to complete a regionwide upgrade of its existing telecommunications system. The US Forest Service and BPA jointly prepared the Grizzly Substation Fiber Optic Project Environmental Assessment (EA) (DOE/EA-1241) evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the Proposed Action, the Underground Installation Alternative, and the No Action Alternative. Based on the analysis in the EA, the US Forest Service and BPA have determined that the Proposed Action is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969. Therefore, the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is not required and BPA is issuing this FONSI. The US Forest Service has separately issued a FONSI and Decision Notice authorizing BPA to construct, operate, and maintain the Project within the Crooked River National Grassland (Grassland).
Progress Report Substation No. 5, Temple, Texas, 1910-1914.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 2 15 - MAY, 1917 PROGRESS REPORT, SUBSTATION NO. 5, TEMPLE, TEXAS . B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIRECTOR COLLEGE STATION, RRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLL ECE OF TEXAS W. B. BIZZELL... ............................................................................................... Term explres 192: MAIN STATION COMMITTEE L. J. HART, Chairman WILL A. MILLER, JR GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS P. L. DOWNS. Temple, President .................................................................................. Term expires 1911...
Killough, D.T. (David Thornton)
Progress Report, Substation No. 8, Lubbock, Texas, 1909-1914.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 219 SEPTEMBER, 1917 PROGRESS REPORT, SUBSTATION NO. 8, LUBBOCK, TEXAS B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIR.ECTOR COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS, AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXA W. B. BIZZELL... STATION COMMITTEE L. J. HART, Chairman 'WILL A. MILLER, JR. GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS P. L Downs President Temple ........ .............................................................................Term CHA ~LES RO~AN, Vice >resident,. AU...
Karper, R. E. (Robert Earl)
Progress Report, Substation No. 9, Pecos, Texas, 1910-1914.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION * BULLETIN NO. 221 NOVEMBER, 19 17 -- -- PROGR.ESS REPORT, SUBSTATION NO. 9, PECOS, TEXAS COLLEGE STATION, RRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. AUSTIN, TEXAS : VON BOECKMANN-JONES CO., PRINTERS, 1917 AGRICULTURAL...% .................................................................................................... F. M. LAW, Houston em expires 1923 MAIN STATION COMMITTEE L. J. HART. Chairman WILL A. MILLER, JR GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS p L DOWNS, Temple. President...
Jackson, J.W.
Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions in fluorite associated with the Windy Knoll bitumen deposit, UK
Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions in fluorite, associated with an outcropping bitumen deposit at Windy Knoll, Derbyshire, have been analyzed in situ using a combination of microthermometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectrometry, and ultraviolet (UV) microscopy. The inclusions in these samples can be considered as a series with two end members: aqueous inclusions containing a low-density vapor phase and inclusions containing liquid oil' with no detectable aqueous phase. The majority of the inclusions are mixed types containing both aqueous and liquid hydrocarbon phases. Although microthermometry distinguishes at least two different aqueous fluids with varying homogenization temperatures and salinities, the oil fraction is cogenetic and trapped together with just one fluid, a low-salinity, low-calcium brine with an average homogenization temperature of 134C. The majority of the liquid hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions fluoresce bright blue under UV illumination with peaks around 475 nm, characteristic of paraffinic oils. The FTIR spectra of these inclusions are dominated by peaks assigned to aliphatic C-H bonding. However, inclusions have also been found which display a fluorescence typical of the red-shift associated with less mature oils. The FTIR spectra display peaks assigned to C{double bond}O, C-O, and O-CH{sub 2} bonding. This study presents new data on the in-situ analysis of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusion from this important area of natural petroleum seepage and ore mineralization. The results suggest a direct link between the fluid inclusion populations, the outcropping bitumens, and fluorite deposition.
Moser, M.R. (Imperial College, London (United Kingdom) University College, London (United Kingdom)); Rankin, A.H. (Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)); Milledge, H.J. (University College, London (United Kingdom))
Progress Report Substation No. 1, Beeville, Texas, 1910-1914.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION -- BULLETIN NO. 2 14 APRIL, 1917 .PROGRESS REPORT, SUBSTATION NO. 1, BEEVILLE, TEXAS B. YOUNGBLOOD, ,If. S., DIRECTOR COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] TEXAS....'AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 214 APRIL, 1917 PROGRESS REPORT, SUBSTATION NO. 1, BEEVILLE, TEXAS 1910-1914 E. E. BINFORD, B. S., Superintendent B. YOUNGBLOOD, $1. S., DIRI~CTOR COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXM. em- AUSTIN, TEXAS : VON...
Binford, E.E.
Sweet Potato Fertilizer Experiments at Substation No. 2, Troup.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BIZZELL, President BULLETIN NO. 277 MARCH, 1921 SWEET POTATO FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS AT SUBSTATION NO. 2; TROUP B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIRECTOR tmLLIU)E BTATION.... Pecos, Reeves County V. L. CORY, B. S., Superintendent No. 10. College Station, Rrazas County (Feedlng and Breedlng Substation) L. J. MCCALL, Superintendent No. 11. Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County G. T. McN~ss, Superintendent **No. 12. Chillicothe...
Hotchkiss, W. S.
National SCADA Test Bed Substation Automation Evaluation Report
Increased awareness of the potential for cyber attack has recently resulted in improved cyber security practices associated with the electrical power grid. However, the level of practical understanding and deployment of cyber security practices has not been evenly applied across all business sectors. Much of the focus has been centered on information technology business centers and control rooms. This report explores the current level of substation automation, communication, and cyber security protection deployed in electrical substations throughout existing utilities in the United States. This report documents the evaluation of substation automation implementation and associated vulnerabilities. This evaluation used research conducted by Newton-Evans Research Company for some of its observations and results. The Newton Evans Report aided in the determination of what is the state of substation automation in North American electric utilities. Idaho National Laboratory cyber security experts aided in the determination of what cyber vulnerabilities may pose a threat to electrical substations. This report includes cyber vulnerabilities as well as recommended mitigations. It also describes specific cyber issues found in typical substation automation configurations within the electric utility industry. The evaluation report was performed over a 5-month period starting in October 2008
Kenneth Barnes; Briam Johnson
An assessment of the available windy land area and wind energy potential in the contiguous United States
Estimates of land areas with various levels of wind energy resource and resultant wind energy potential have been developed for each state in the contiguous United States. The estimates are based on published wind resource data and account for the exclusion of some windy lands as a result of environmental and land-use considerations. Despite these exclusions, the amount of wind resource estimated over the contiguous United States is surprisingly large and has the potential to supply a substantial fraction of the nation's energy needs, even with the use of today's wind turbine technology. Although this study shows that, after exclusions, only about 0.6% of the land area in the contiguous United States is characterized by high wind resource (comparable to that found in windy areas of California where wind energy is being cost-effectively developed), the wind electric potential that could be extracted with today's technology from these areas across the United States is equivalent to about 20% of the current US electric consumption. Future advances in wind turbine technology will further enhance the potential of wind energy. As advances in turbine technology allow areas of moderate wind resource to be developed, more than a tenfold increase in the wind energy potential is possible. These areas, which cover large sections of the Great Plains and are widely distributed throughout many other sections of the country, have the potential of producing more than three times the nation's current electric consumption. 9 refs., 12 figs., 13 tabs.
Elliott, D.L.; Wendell, L.L.; Gower, G.L.
Cotton Variety Experiments: Substation No. 3, Angleton, Texas
TEXAS AfiRlCULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS ' W. B. BIZZELL, President BULLETIN NO. 274 FEBRUARY, 1921 DIVISION OF AGRONOMY COTTON VARIETY EXPERIMENTS SUBSTATION NO. 3, ANGLETON, TEXAS B. YOUNGBLOOD..... Chief SOIL SURVEY **W. T. CARTER. JR., B, S.. Chief T. M RTJRNNELL. R. S., Soil Surve~or H. W. HAWKER. Soil Sr~rneuar SUBSTATIONS No..l. Beeville. Bee County No. 8. Lubbock. Lubbock County I. E. COWART, M. S., Superintendent H. E. KARPER. B. S...
Reynolds, E. B. (Elbert Brunner)
Reduction of interference on substation low voltage wiring
This paper describes test results and mitigation methods of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on control and low voltage circuits in substations caused by air disconnect switch operation. The tests are focused on a comparison between unshielded and shielded circuits from capacitively coupled voltage transformers (CCVT) and other equipment circuits in the vicinity. New test data are presented comparing unshielded and shielded cables and transient currents on all connections to the CCVT including the pedestal and ground strap. The paper gives a practical and understandable explanation of the causes of EMI in substations and how shielded cable and parallel ground conductors reduce interference. Design guidelines are listed in the Conclusion.
Gavazza, R.J. [Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, CA (United States)] [Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, CA (United States); Wiggins, C.M. [Carl M. Wiggins and Associates, Friendswood, TX (United States)] [Carl M. Wiggins and Associates, Friendswood, TX (United States)
Report of Experiments at Substation No. 12, Chillicothe, Texas.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BIZZELL, President BULLETIN NO. 253 NOVEMBER, 1919 heport of Exoeriments at Substation . No. 12, iliicothe, Texas B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIRECTOR aOuEoE STATION... Survegor R. G. BRTWER, B. S., Assisfanf Animal Hus- W. B. FR~NCIS, B. S., Soil Surve~or banaman SUBSTATIONS No. 1. Beevillei Bee County I. E. CLU~ART, M. S., Superinfendent N6. 2. Tromp, Smith County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superinfendenf No. 3. Angleton...
Edwards, R. W.
Progress Report Substation No.7, Spur, Texas, 1909-1914.
of the substation mere in fact startecl. In 1913 and 1914, the scope of the work was much broader, there being in 1914 over 600 tests and experiments under way. Late in 1914 the sheep investigations were started and additional improvements added for this line..., to April, 1911. Spur, May, 1911, to August, 1913. Substation No. 7, September, 1913, to December, 1914. This 20-year record shows a normal annual rainfall of 21.73 inches. Table 1, taken from the above described data, shows the average monthly rainfall...
Dickson, R.E.
Report on Experiments with Citrus Fruits at the Beeville Sub-station.
!TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS BULLETIN No. 148. MAY, 1912. Report on Experiments With Citrus Fruits at The Bee- ville Sub-station A. T. POTTS, Superintendent Beeville Sub-station AUSTIN PRINTING COMPANY AUSTIN. TEXAS TEXAS... EXPERIMENT STATIONS. GOVERNING BOARD. 1 DIRECTOR OF STATIONS. ...................................... B. YOUNOBLOOD, M. S.. .College Station I SUPERINTENDENTS OF SUB-STATIONS. .................. E. E. BINFORD, Beeville Sub-station.. .Beeville, P:.e Cc...
Potts, A. T. (Arthur Tillman)
Management and Control for Optimal Performance of the Heating Substation
With the development of the scale of central heating, a higher managing level is needed for the heating substation. How to economize the more energy is the first factor that managers need to consider while ensuring the comfort of the heating...
Yang, J.
Cotton Variety Experiments at Substation No. 2, Troup.
. S. Department of Agriculture. ***In cooperation wlth the School of Agr~culture. icine. In tests conducted with 205 varieties and strains of cotton t Substation No. 2, Troup, during the 16 years, 1913 to 1928, ~clusive, Half and Half... Results by Years 8 ......................................... Results in 1913 9 .......................................... Results in 1914 9 Results in 1915 ......................................... 10 Results in 1916...
Hotchkiss, W. S.; Johnson, P. R. (Paul Rufus)
Assessing Power Substation Network Security and Survivability: A Work in Progress Report1
to the assessment of power substation control networks for cyber based attacks. Another goal is to r1 Assessing Power Substation Network Security and Survivability: A Work in Progress Report1 Carol experiences with identifying cyber-based threats to the survivability of power substation control networks
Krings, Axel W.
Progress Report of Substation No. 12, Chillicothe, Texas, 1905- 1914.
, inclusive. He was sncceeded by Mr. G. E. Thompson in 1912, and since March, 1913, the writer has been in charge. The Station was operated from 1905 to 1914, inclusive, on rented land. It was first located on a tract of ten acres one mile northeast.... . . . 1903.. .. 1909. . . . 1910.. . . 1911.. . . 1912. ... 1913.. . . 1914.. . . Average. - Figure 1. One-horse planter with press wheel used in planting row sorghums at Chillicothe substation. Figure 2. Planter which opens a furrow and plants...
Edwards, R.W.
Progress Report, Substation No. 11, Nacogdoches, Texas, 1909-1915.
. Terracing and draining. Meteorological data. METEOROLOGICATI DATA In 1913, the substation was equipped with apparatus for securing weather and climatic data. At the present time records are made of rainfall, snowfall, evaporation from a free water... large increase in money value to the acre where a complete fertilizer is used. The vah~e of the check or unfertilized *A11 data prior to July, 1913, are from cooperative observers' records U. S. Weather Bureau after which time the records are from...
McNess, George Thomas
Application Filling Requirements for Transmission Line and Substation Construction Projects (Wisconsin)
This page describes application requirements for all projects that involve the installation of an electricity transmission line or substation that also require either a Certificate of Public...
Microsoft Word - CX-SnoKingSubstationExpansionFY12_WEB.doc
REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEPR-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum Michael Marleau Project Manager - TEP-TPP-1 Proposed Action: Sno-King Substation Expansion Categorical...
Microsoft Word - CX-HeboSubstationA- FY13_WEB.doc
Todd Nicholson Supervisory Civil Engineer - TELF-TPP-3 Proposed Action: Hebo Substation Access Road Maintenance Budget Information: Work Order 00270316 PP&A Project No.: 2784...
Powerline Communication System for Monitoring and Supervision of Feeder Equipments for MV Substation Automation
to integrated volt/var control in order to optimize the management of capital assets and enhance operation With the deregulation of power market and for providing better services to electric consumers, the current substation primary equipments which are outsider substations such as MV/LV transformer and switchgears. For those
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Progress Report of Substation No. 4, Beaumont, Texas, 1909-1914.
Risk Analysis and Probabilistic Survivability Assessment (RAPSA): An Assessment Approach for Power Substation Hardening1
Substation Hardening1 Carol Taylor, Axel Krings and Jim Alves-Foss Computer Science Department University is currently being developed for power industry cyber security assessment and hardening. A substation example is presented, with hypothetical risks and costs from several attack scenarios. Our technique features self
Report of Progress at the Troupe Sub-Station, Smith County Texas.
TEXAS AGRICULTUR 146-409-lorn [PERIMENT STATIONS BULLETIN NO. 121 FEBRUARY 1, 1909 REPORT OF PROGRESS AT THE TROUPE SUB-STATION, SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS W. H. HOTCHKISS, SUPERINTENDENT IN CHARGE POSTOFFICE COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY.... ..................................... C. W. CRISLER. .Chief Clerk. .................................. F. R. N~VAILLE. .Stenographer. ...................................... A. S. WARE.. .Stenographer. STATE SUBSTATIONS. ..................... H. H. HARRINGTON, Director. .College...
Hotchkiss, W.S.
Abstract--With the deregulation and restructuring of utility industry, many substation automation applications are being
1 Abstract--With the deregulation and restructuring of utility industry, many substation automation serves as a handy tool for substation automation related studies. Index Terms--Alternative Transient the deregulation and restructuring of utility industry, it is desirable to introduce more automated functions
Critical Path Method (CPM) Scheduling, Basic Engineering, and Project Approach for Typical Substation Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) Project
This Field Project provides an overview of the typical substation Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) project delivery method, the work breakdown structure, activities and sequences in the Critical Path Method (CPM) schedule, basic substation...
Jamir, Dewan R.
An Integrative Approach to Reliability Analysis of an IEC 61850 Digital Substation
In recent years, reliability evaluation of substation automation systems has received a significant attention from the research community. With the advent of the concept of smart grid, there is a growing trend to integrate more computation...
Zhang, Yan 1988-
Synchrophasor Measurement Using Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices: Algorithms and Test Methodology
This dissertation studies the performance of synchrophasor measurement obtained using substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and proposes new algorithms and test methodology to improve and verify their performance when used in power system...
Ren, Jinfeng
Progress Report, Texas Substation No. 6, Denton, Texas, 1909-14.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 199 DECEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT, TEXAS SUBSTATION NO. 6, DENTON, TEXAS POSTOFFICE : COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. - AUSTIN, TEXAS : VON BOECKMANN-JONES CO., PRINTERS, 1916.... [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 199 DECEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT, TEXAS SUBSTATION NO. 6, DENTON, TEXAS V. L. CORY, B. S. . SUPERINTENDENT , . POSTOFFICE : COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY...
Cory, V. L. (Vivian L.)
Progress Report of Substation No. 3, Angleton, Texas, 1909-1914.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 197 NOVEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT OF SUBSTATION NO. 3, ANGLETON, TEXAS POSTOFFICE : COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. +sB AUSTIN, TEXAS : VON BOECKMANN-JONES CO., PRINTERS, 1916.... [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] TEXAS A(;RICULTURAl, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 197 NOVEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT OF SUBSTATION NO. 3, ANGLETON, TEXAS N. E. WINTERS, B. S., SUPERINTENDENT POSTOFFICE : COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS...
Winters, N. E. (Nathaniel Elmer)
Report of Progress with Citrus Fruits at the Beeville Sub-Station, Bee County.
65-109-5m TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. -T- I . ! '? . ........ ?' ? r ; 'V ? J 'V ? ? ? BULLETIN NO. 118. February, 1 9 0 9 . REPORT Of PROGRESS WITH CITRUS FRUITS AT THE BEEVILLE SUB-STATION, BEE COUNTY S. A. WASCHKA................. ................................Stenographer. A. S. F IB5 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm STATE SUBSTATIONS. H. H. R IBBC8 -1X8 mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmDirector. W. S. R X1uoMCPP0 Superintendent...
Waschka, S. A.
Cotton Variety Experiments, 1912-1920, Substation No. 7, Spur, Texas.
TEXAS A6RICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BIZZELL, President BULLETIN NO. 288 FEBRUARY, 1922 DIVISION OF COTTON BREEDING COTTON VARIETY EXPERIMENTS, 1912-1920, SUBSTATION NO. 7, SPUR, TEXAS B..., Sorl Survegor H. V. GEIB, B. S., Soil Surveyor FEED CONTROL SERVICE B YOUNGBLOOD Ph D Director F.' D. FULLER, M. s.; ~xicf Inspecfor S. D. PEARCE, Inspector J. H. ROGERS, Inspecfor W. H. WOOD, Inspector SUBSTATIONS l%. 'l. Beeville Bee County...
Freeman, George Fouche; Dickson, R. E
Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan : Supplemental Environmental Analysis, Schultz Substation.
This document describes the purpose, function, and the environmental consequences of the proposed Schultz substation near Ellensburg, Washington. The affected environment is described in detail, including aerial survey photographs. The impacts on vegetation, fish and wildlife, soils, and water resources are described. (GHH)
Design Considerations for a Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Network for Substation Monitoring
University City Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28223 Luke Van der Zel and Bienvenido Rodriguez Substations Group EPRI of failure conditions. This paper presents the results of an EPRI funded project on an experimental wireless was a contractor for the EPRI project. There were multiple utility members in the EPRI project. This paper focusses
Nasipuri, Asis
Myoglobin-CO Substate Structures and Dynamics: Multidimensional Vibrational Echoes and Molecular Dynamics
Myoglobin-CO Substate Structures and Dynamics: Multidimensional Vibrational Echoes and Molecular to establishing the relationships between protein structure and protein function.1-5 Protein dynamics occur structural specificity to assign these dynamics to particular atomic motions. Computational tech- niques
Fayer, Michael D.
EIS-0483: Estes to Flatiron Substation Transmission Lines Rebuild Project, Larimer County, Colorado
Western Area Power Administration (Western) � with USDA Forest Service, Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forest, as a cooperating agency � is preparing an EIS that analyzes the potential environmental impacts of a proposal to rebuild and upgrade two 115-kilovolt single-circuit transmission lines between the Flatiron Substation and the intersection of Mall Road and U.S. Highway 36 in Estes Park, Larimer County, Colorado. Additional information is available on Western�s project website.
Marys Lake 69/115-kV transmission line upgrade and substation expansion projects
Western Area Power Administration (Western) and the Platte River Power Authority (Platte River) propose to upgrade portions of the existing electric transmission and substation system that serves the Town of Estes Park, Colorado. The existing transmission lines between the Estes Power Plant Switchyard and the Marys Lake Substation include a 115,000 volt (115-kV) line and 69,000 volt (69-kV) line. Approximately one mile is a double-circuit 115/69-kV line on steel lattice structures, and approximately two miles consists of separate single-circuit 115-kV and a 69-kV lines, constructed on wood H-Frame structures. Both lines were constructed in 1951 by the US Bureau of Reclamation. The existing transmission lines are on rights-of-way (ROW) that vary from 75 feet to 120 feet and are owned by Western. There are 48 landowners adjacent to the existing ROW. All of the houses were built adjacent to the existing ROW after the transmission lines were constructed. Upgrading the existing 69-kV transmission line between the Marys Lake Substation and the Estes Power Plant Switchyard to 115-kV and expanding the Marys Lake Substation was identified as the most effective way in which to improve electric service to Estes Park. The primary purpose and need of the proposed project is to improve the reliability of electric service to the Town of Estes Park. Lack of reliability has been a historical concern, and reliability will always be less than desired until physical improvements are made to the electrical facilities serving Estes Park.
The varistor protected series capacitors at the 500 KV broadview substation
Two 235 Mvar series capacitors have been successfully applied at the 500 kV Broadview substation of the Colstrip Transmission Project. The series capacitors have an overvoltage protection system based on metal oxide varistors. The system provides instantaneous bypass and reinsertion of the capacitors following external line section faults. The excellent performance of the equipment was demonstrated during staged fault tests performed in October, 1985. The banks have been in successful operation since January, 1986.
Barcus, J.M. (General Electric Co., Hudson Falls, NY (US)); Miske, S.A. Jr. (General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (US)); Vitols, A.P. (General Electric Co., Pittsfield, MA (US)); Maynard, H.M. (Montana Power Co., Butte, MT (US)); Peterson, W.G. (Bonneville Power Admin., Portland, OR (US))
The design, implementation and testing of data gathering instrumentation for measurement of electromagnetic interference in electric power substations
THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING OF DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTATION FOR MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTATIONS A Thesis by GARY WAYNE GERLOFF Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AAM University... IN ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTATIONS A Thesis by GARY WAYNE GERLOFF Approved as to style and content by: B. Don Russell (Chairman of Committee) A. K. A IM Sallie She p rd (Member) August 1983 ABSTRACT The Design, Implementation and Testing of Data...
Gerloff, Gary Wayne
Closing the Mesoscale Gap
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed New SubstationClean Communities of WesternVailCloistered JuneLabClosest TypeClosing
Windy Flats | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire EnergyFlats Jump to:
College Gender Gaps
College Gender Gaps BY MARY ANN BRONSONBY MARY ANN BRONSON FALL 2013 W HY DO WOMEN ATTEND collegerelationship is crucial. Mary Ann Bronson, a Ph.D. candidate
Bronson, Mary Ann
The Application of Planning to Power Substation Voltage Control Keith Bell, Andrew Coles, Maria Fox, Derek Long and Amanda Smith
around iterative refinement. 1 Introduction1 The control of electricity distribution is a challenging, a reactive system at the sub- station is used to meet voltage target within this range, set for each time of the day. The reactive system makes use of the adjustable substation components (Wood & Wollenberg 1996
Coles, Andrew
Final environmental assessment for vegetation control at VHF stations, microwave stations, electrical substations, and pole yards
Southwestern Power Adm. operates very high frequency (VHF) and microwave radio stations, electrical substations, and pole yards for electric power transmission throughout AR, MO, and OK. Vegetation growth at the stations must be suppressed for safety of operation and personnel. Southwestern has been using a combination of mechanical/manual and herbicide control for this purpose; Federally- mandated reductions in staff and budgetary resources require Southwestern to evaluate all potentially efficient methods for vegetation control. Three alternatives were examined: no action, mechanical/manual control, and (proposed) a combination of mechanical/manual and herbicide control. Environmental impacts on air and water quality, wetlands, wildlife, endangered species, archaeological and other resources, farmland, human health, transportation, etc. were evaluated.
Feasibility study: Application of RCM techniques for substation maintenance at the Bonneville Power Administration
This feasibility study examines reliability centered maintenance (RCM) as it applies to Bonneville Power Administrations (BPA) substation maintenance program. Reliability techniques are examined in evaluated. Existing BPA equipment maintenance procedures are documented. Equipment failure history is considered. Economic impacts are estimated. Various equipment instrumentation methods are reviewed. Based on this analysis a prototype system is proposed. The prototype will be implemented in two phases. Phase 1 is to be completed in 1992, it includes instrumenting one power transformer and one oil circuit breaker. Software development will focus on displaying data. Phase 2 is to be completed the following year. The remaining transformers and breakers will be instrumented during the second phase. Software development will focus on predictive maintenance techniques and maintenance decision support.
Purucker, S.L.; Tonn, B.E.; Goeltz, R.T.; James, R.D.; Kercel, S.; Rizy, D.T.; Simpson, M.L.; Van Dyke, J.W.
Type B investigation of electrical fault in 351 Substation, December 4, 1994
On December 4, 1994, at 2132:10 hours, an electrical failure of a cable-tapping splice resulted in a fire in the 300 Area of the DOE Hanford Site. The fire occurred in the yard of Substation 351 in electrical Vault R122V, where the cable-tapping splice was located. The fire incinerated all cables passing to and through the vault causing them to fail. The failure of the cables resulted in a power outage to twenty customers in the 300 Area. The vault was electrically isolated, and power was restored to the electrical distribution system at 2311 hours. This report contains the accident scenario, accident analysis, direct cause and root and contributing causes.
Debban, H.L.; Shearer, C.A.; Boger, R.M.; McDonald, G.P. [ICF Kaiser Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Eyre, L.E.; Dell, L.D.; Kelly, D.S. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Seminoe-Kortes transmission line/substation consolidation project, Carbon County, Wyoming
The existing switchyards at Western Area Power Administration's (WESTERN) Seminoe and Kortes facilities, located approximately 40 miles northeast of Rawlines, Carbon County, Wyoming, were constructed in 1939 and 1951, respectively. The circuit breakers at these facilities are beyond or approaching their service life and need to be replaced. In addition, the switchyards have poor access for maintenance and replacement of equipment, and their locations create potential for oil spills into the North Platte River. WESTERN is proposing to consolidate the switchyard facilities into one new substation to provide easier access, restore proper levels of system reliability, and decrease the potential for oil contamination of the river. This environmental assessment (EA) was prepared to evaluate the impacts of the proposed Seminoe-Kortes Consolidation Project. 57 refs., 12 figs., 8 tabs.
Experience in the installation of a microprocessor system for controlling converter units of the Vyborg substation
The experience in the installation of modern digital systems for controlling converter units at the Vyborg converter substation on the basis of advanced microprocessor devices is considered. It is shown that debugging of a control and protection system on mathematical and physical models does not guarantee optimum control of actual converter devices. Examples of advancing the control and protection system are described, the necessity for which has become obvious in tests of actual equipment. Comparison of oscillograms of processes before optimization of the control system and after its optimization and adjustment shows that the digital control system makes it possible to improve substantially the algorithms of control and protection in the short term and without changing the hardware component.
Gusakovskii, K. B.; Zmaznov, E. Yu.; Katantsev, S. V.; Mazurenko, A. K.; Mestergazi, V. A.; Prochan, G. G.; Funtikova, S. F. [High Voltage Direct Current Power Transmission Research Institute (NIIPT) (Russian Federation)
Generation gaps in engineering?
There is much enthusiastic debate on the topic of generation gaps in the workplace today; what the generational differences are, how to address the apparent challenges, and if the generations themselves are even real. ...
Kim, David J. (David Jinwoo)
Fiber optic gap gauge
A lightweight, small size, high sensitivity gauge for indirectly measuring displacement or absolute gap width by measuring axial strain in an orthogonal direction to the displacement/gap width. The gap gauge includes a preferably titanium base having a central tension bar with springs connecting opposite ends of the tension bar to a pair of end connector bars, and an elongated bow spring connected to the end connector bars with a middle section bowed away from the base to define a gap. The bow spring is capable of producing an axial strain in the base proportional to a displacement of the middle section in a direction orthogonal to the base. And a strain sensor, such as a Fabry-Perot interferometer strain sensor, is connected to measure the axial strain in the base, so that the displacement of the middle section may be indirectly determined from the measurement of the axial strain in the base.
Wood, Billy E. (Livermore, CA); Groves, Scott E. (Brentwood, CA); Larsen, Greg J. (Brentwood, CA); Sanchez, Roberto J. (Pleasanton, CA)
Inception report and Gap analysis
Inception report and Gap analysis Boiler inspection Riga, June 2004 #12;Inception report and gap analysis boiler inspection Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 2 BOILER INSTALLATIONS GAP ANALYSIS
Holbrook Substation Superconductor Cable System, Long Island, New York Final Report
The LIPA Superconductor project broke ground on July 4, 2006, was first energized on April 22, 2008 (Earth Day) and was commissioned on June 25, 2008. Since commissioning, up until early March, 2009, there were numerous refrigeration events that impacted steady state operations. This led to the review of the alarms that were being generated and a rewrite of the program logic in order to decrease the hypersensitivity surrounding these alarms. The high temperature superconductor (HTS) cable was energized on March 5, 2009 and ran uninterrupted until a human error during a refrigeration system switchover knocked the cable out of the grid in early February 2010. The HTS cable was in the grid uninterrupted from March 5, 2009 to February 4, 2010. Although there have been refrigeration events (propagated mainly by voltage sags/surges) during this period, the system was able to automatically switch over from the primary to the backup refrigeration system without issue as required during this period. On February 4, 2010, when switching from the backup over to the primary refrigeration system, two rather than one liquid nitrogen pumps were started inadvertently by a human error (communication) causing an overpressure in the cable cooling line. This in turn activated the pressure relief valve located in the grounding substation. The cable was automatically taken out of the grid without any damage to the components or system as a result of signals sent from the AMSC control cabinet to the LIPA substation. The cable was switched back into the grid again on March 16, 2010 without incident and has been operational since that time. Since switching from the backup to the primary is not an automatic process, a recent improvement was added to the refrigeration operating system to allow remote commands to return the system from backup to primary cooling. This improvement makes the switching procedure quicker since travel to the site to perform this operation is no longer necessary and safer since it is now a programmed procedure versus the former written procedure that was still subject to human variation in the process.
Maguire, James; McNamara, Joseph
Uncertainties in Gapped Graphene
Motivated by graphene-based quantum computer we examine the time-dependence of the position-momentum and position-velocity uncertainties in the monolayer gapped graphene. The effect of the energy gap to the uncertainties is shown to appear via the Compton-like wavelength $\\lambda_c$. The uncertainties in the graphene are mainly contributed by two phenomena, spreading and zitterbewegung. While the former determines the uncertainties in the long-range of time, the latter gives the highly oscillation to the uncertainties in the short-range of time. The uncertainties in the graphene are compared with the corresponding values for the usual free Hamiltonian $\\hat{H}_{free} = (p_1^2 + p_2^2) / 2 M$. It is shown that the uncertainties can be under control within the quantum mechanical law if one can choose the gap parameter $\\lambda_c$ freely.
Eylee Jung; Kwang S. Kim; DaeKil Park
Mind The Gap
We discuss an optimisation criterion for the exact renormalisation group based on the inverse effective propagator, which displays a gap. We show that a simple extremisation of the gap stabilises the flow, leading to better convergence of approximate solutions towards the physical theory. This improves the reliability of truncations, most relevant for any high precision computation. These ideas are closely linked to the removal of a spurious scheme dependence and a minimum sensitivity condition. The issue of predictive power and a link to the Polchinski RG are discussed as well. We illustrate our findings by computing critical exponents for the Ising universality class.
Daniel F. Litim
98-36 GAP TESTS; COMPARISON BETWEEN UN GAP TEST AND CARD GAP TEST by R. BRANKA and C. MICHOT, FRANCE (tel.: 33 3 44 55 65 19, fax: 33 3 44 55 65 10) ABSTRACT: UN gap test, type 1(a) or 2(a), is the recommended test in the acceptance procedure for transport of explosives in class 1. Up to the revision
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Multiple gap photovoltaic device
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A multiple gap photovoltaic device having a transparent electrical contact adjacent a first cell which in turn is adjacent a second cell on an opaque electrical contact, includes utilizing an amorphous semiconductor as the first cell and a crystalline semiconductor as the second cell.
Dalal, Vikram L. (Newark, DE)
Mind the gap
In this summary of the application of Dyson-Schwinger equations to the theory and phenomenology of hadrons, some deductions following from a nonperturbative, symmetry-preserving truncation are highlighted, notable amongst which are results for pseudoscalar mesons. We also describe inferences from the gap equation relating to the radius of convergence of a chiral expansion, applications to heavy-light and heavy-heavy mesons, and quantitative estimates of the contribution of quark orbital angular momentum in pseudoscalar mesons; and recapitulate upon studies of nucleon electromagnetic form factors.
M. S. Bhagwat; A. Krassnigg; P. Maris; C. D. Roberts
Gap and stripline combined monitor
A combined gap and stripline monitor device (10) for measuring the intensity and position of a charged particle beam bunch in a beam pipe of a synchotron radiation facility. The monitor has first and second beam pipe portions (11a, 11b) with an axial gap (12) therebetween. An outer pipe (14) cooperates with the first beam pipe portion (11a) to form a gap enclosure, while inner strips (23a-d) cooperate with the first beam pipe portion (11a) to form a stripline monitor, with the stripline length being the same as the gap enclosure length.
Yin, Yan (Palo Alto, CA)
A combined gap and stripline monitor device for measuring the intensity and position of a charged particle beam bunch in a beam pipe of a synchrotron radiation facility is disclosed. The monitor has first and second beam pipe portions with an axial gap therebetween. An outer pipe cooperates with the first beam pipe portion to form a gap enclosure, while inner strips cooperate with the first beam pipe portion to form a stripline monitor, with the stripline length being the same as the gap enclosure length. 4 figs.
Yin, Y.
Vertical Farrning in the Windy City
ofTechnology are also building a custom-designed digester that will turn the project's leftover vegetable and fish waste into fertilizer and biogas to power a heating, cooling, and 280-kilowatt electrical
Saniie, Jafar
Windy Dog I | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire Energy formerlyWindwI
Windy Flats IIa extension | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire Energy formerlyWindwIIIa
Windy Flats Phase III | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire Energy
Feasibility study: Application of RCM techniques for substation maintenance at the Bonneville Power Administration. [Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)
{open_quotes}Secure Bus{close_quotes} disturbance-free power at the utility substation level
Over the last 18 months Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM), El Camino Real Engineering, Inc. (CRE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have worked on the development of disturbance-free power at the medium voltage substation level. The work resulted in the Secure Bus concept, a system in which a medium voltage bus in a substation is immune to power outages and voltage sags on the utility source. The Secure Bus voltage is also immune to voltage sags resulting from faults on any distribution feeder connected to the bus. The Secure Bus concept originated from work conducted to improve power quality for large high-tech manufacturing facilities, in particular for large semiconductor manufacturing plants. For the demands on quality power of a modern facility conventional equipment is not adequate for protecting the end user. For example, the operation of conventional vacuum breakers during short circuit conditions on a feeder circuit, requiring 3 to 5 cycles for breaker opening, does not allow for fast enough current interruption to avoid a voltage dip on the main bus. A sever voltage sag could result in a shut down of sensitive equipment being supplied by the other feeder circuits, which are connected to the main bus. The circumvent the problem, a fast breaker was introduced which interrupts the short circuit before the current causes a significant voltage disturbance. To make the bus immune also to power disturbances caused by power outages, energy storage is introduced to provide the necessary energy back-up in case the primary source is not available.
Boenig, H.J. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Jones, W.H. [El Camino Real Engineering, Inc., Corrales, NM (United States)
Virtual gap dielectric wall accelerator
A virtual, moving accelerating gap is formed along an insulating tube in a dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) by locally controlling the conductivity of the tube. Localized voltage concentration is thus achieved by sequential activation of a variable resistive tube or stalk down the axis of an inductive voltage adder, producing a "virtual" traveling wave along the tube. The tube conductivity can be controlled at a desired location, which can be moved at a desired rate, by light illumination, or by photoconductive switches, or by other means. As a result, an impressed voltage along the tube appears predominantly over a local region, the virtual gap. By making the length of the tube large in comparison to the virtual gap length, the effective gain of the accelerator can be made very large.
Caporaso, George James; Chen, Yu-Jiuan; Nelson, Scott; Sullivan, Jim; Hawkins, Steven A
Type B Accident Investigation of the Serious Personal Injury while Doble Testing at the Western Area Power Administration Hayden Substation, May 19, 1999
On May 19, 1999, at 10:31 a.m., four Western Area Power Administration (Western) employees were performing Doble testing on a circuit breaker at Hayden Substation in Routt County, Colorado. Three electricians were injured when the high-voltage lead (HVL) of the Doble test set encroached on the minimum approach distance to an energized part outside clearance boundaries, drawing arcing faults.
Multiple input electrode gap controller
A method and apparatus for controlling vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnaces by estimation of electrode gap based on a plurality of secondary estimates derived from furnace outputs. The estimation is preferably performed by Kalman filter. Adaptive gain techniques may be employed, as well as detection of process anomalies such as glows. 17 figs.
Hysinger, C.L.; Beaman, J.J.; Melgaard, D.K.; Williamson, R.L.
Emplacement Gantry Gap Analysis Study
To date, the project has established important to safety (ITS) performance requirements for structures, systems, and components (SSCs) based on the identification and categorization of event sequences that may result in a radiological release. These performance requirements are defined within the ''Nuclear Safety Design Bases for License Application'' (NSDB) (BSC 2005 [DIRS 171512], Table A-11). Further, SSCs credited with performing safety functions are classified as ITS. In turn, assurance that these SSCs will perform as required is sought through the use of consensus codes and standards. This gap analysis is based on the design completed for license application only. Accordingly, identification of ITS SSCs beyond those defined within the NSDB are based on designs that may be subject to further development during detail design. Furthermore, several design alternatives may still be under consideration to satisfy certain safety functions, and final selection will not be determined until further design development has occurred. Therefore, for completeness, alternative designs currently under consideration will be discussed throughout this study. This gap analysis will evaluate each code and standard identified within the ''Emplacement Gantry ITS Standards Identification Study'' (BSC 2005 [DIRS 173586]) to ensure each ITS performance requirement is fully satisfied. When a performance requirement is not fully satisfied, a gap is highlighted. This study will identify requirements to supplement or augment the code or standard to meet performance requirements. Further, this gap analysis will identify nonstandard areas of the design that will be subject to a design development plan. Nonstandard components and nonstandard design configurations are defined as areas of the design that do not follow standard industry practices or codes and standards. Whereby, assurance that an SSC will perform as required may not be readily sought though the use of consensus standards. This gap analysis is prepared by the Emplacement and Retrieval (E&R) project team and is intended for the sole use of the Engineering department in work regarding the emplacement gantry. Yucca Mountain Project personnel from the E&R project team should be consulted before use of this gap analysis for purposes other than those stated herein or by individuals other than authorized by the Engineering department.
R. Thornley
Hard-gapped Holographic Superconductors
In this work we discuss the zero temperature limit of a "p-wave" holographic superconductor. The bulk description consists of a non-Abelian SU(2) gauge fields minimally coupled to gravity. We numerically construct the zero temperature solution which is the gravity dual of the superconducting ground state of the "p-wave" holographic superconductors. The solution is a smooth soliton with zero horizon size and shows an emergent conformal symmetry in the IR. We found the expected superconducting behavior. Using the near horizon analysis we show that the system has a "hard gap" for the relevant gauge field fluctuations. At zero temperature the real part of the conductivity is zero for an excitation frequency less than the gap frequency. This is in contrast with what has been observed in similar scalar- gravity-gauge systems (holographic superconductors). We also discuss the low but finite temperature behavior of our solution.
Pallab Basu; Jianyang He; Anindya Mukherjee; Hsien-Hang Shieh
Calibration curves for some standard Gap Tests
The relative shock sensitivities of explosive compositions are commonly assessed using a family of experiments that can be described by the generic term ''Gap Test.'' Gap tests include a donor charge, a test sample, and a spacer, or gap, between two explosives charges. The donor charge, gap material, and test dimensions are held constant within each different version of the gap test. The thickness of the gap is then varied to find the value at which 50% of the test samples will detonate. The gap tests measure the ease with a high-order detonation can be established in the test explosive, or the ''detonability,'' of the explosive. Test results are best reported in terms of the gap thickness at the 50% point. It is also useful to define the shock pressure transmitted into the test sample at the detonation threshold. This requires calibrating the gap test in terms of shock pressure in the gap as a function of the gap thickness. It also requires a knowledge of the shock Hugoniot of the sample explosive. We used the 2DE reactive hydrodynamic code with Forest Fire burn rates for the donor explosives to calculate calibration curves for several gap tests. The model calculations give pressure and particle velocity on the centerline of the experimental set-up and provide information about the curvature and pulse width of the shock wave. 10 refs., 1 fig.
Bowman, A.L.; Sommer, S.C.
Air Gap Tunin Yilin Mao, Yashwanth
Air Gap Tunin Yilin Mao, Yashwanth Electrical Engineering Departm The Unive firstname.lastname@example.com, ypadooru@ Abstract-- An adjustable air gap was proposed the resonant frequency of patch antennas the frequency of coaxially fed p center conductor has to be de-soldered and r time the width of the air gap
Elsherbeni, Atef Z.
Low band gap polymers Organic Photovoltaics
Low band gap polymers for Organic Photovoltaics Eva Bundgaard Ph.D. Dissertation Ris� National Bundgaard Title: Low band gap polymers for Organic photovoltaics Department: The polymer department Report the area of organic photovoltaics are focusing on low band gap polymers, a type of polymer which absorbs
Generation Gaps in Engineering? David J. Kim
Generation Gaps in Engineering? by David J. Kim B.S., Computer Science and Engineering;3 Generation Gaps in Engineering? by David J. Kim Submitted to the System Design and Management Program on May in Engineering and Management ABSTRACT There is much enthusiastic debate on the topic of generation gaps
Gabrieli, John
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card - Senior Technical Safety...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Gap Analysis Qualification Card - Senior Technical Safety Manager FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card - Senior Technical Safety Manager Functional Area Qualification Standard Gap...
Substation Equipment Overview
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium Oxide ThinIon Cooling andStudyingSubstantial
Narrow gap electronegative capacitive discharges
Narrow gap electronegative (EN) capacitive discharges are widely used in industry and have unique features not found in conventional discharges. In this paper, plasma parameters are determined over a range of decreasing gap length L from values for which an electropositive (EP) edge exists (2-region case) to smaller L-values for which the EN region connects directly to the sheath (1-region case). Parametric studies are performed at applied voltage V{sub rf}=500 V for pressures of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mTorr, and additionally at 50 mTorr for 1000 and 2000 V. Numerical results are given for a parallel plate oxygen discharge using a planar 1D3v (1 spatial dimension, 3 velocity components) particle-in-cell (PIC) code. New interesting phenomena are found for the case in which an EP edge does not exist. This 1-region case has not previously been investigated in detail, either numerically or analytically. In particular, attachment in the sheaths is important, and the central electron density n{sub e0} is depressed below the density n{sub esh} at the sheath edge. The sheath oscillations also extend into the EN core, creating an edge region lying within the sheath and not characterized by the standard diffusion in an EN plasma. An analytical model is developed using minimal inputs from the PIC results, and compared to the PIC results for a base case at V{sub rf}=500 V and 50 mTorr, showing good agreement. Selected comparisons are made at the other voltages and pressures. A self-consistent model is also developed and compared to the PIC results, giving reasonable agreement.
Kawamura, E.; Lieberman, M. A.; Lichtenberg, A. J. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)] [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
Gap between active and passive solar heating
The gap between active and passive solar could hardly be wider. The reasons for this are discussed and advantages to narrowing the gap are analyzed. Ten years of experience in both active and passive systems are reviewed, including costs, frequent problems, performance prediction, performance modeling, monitoring, and cooling concerns. Trends are analyzed, both for solar space heating and for service water heating. A tendency for the active and passive technologies to be converging is observed. Several recommendations for narrowing the gap are presented.
Balcomb, J.D.
Chiral gap effect in curved space
We discuss a new type of QCD phenomenon induced in curved space. In the QCD vacuum a mass gap of Dirac fermions is attributed to the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. If the curvature is positive large, the chiral condensate melts but a chiral invariant mass gap can still remain, which we name the chiral gap effect in curved space. This leads to decoupling of quark deconfinement which implies a view of black holes surrounded by a first-order QCD phase transition.
Antonino Flachi; Kenji Fukushima
Undecidability of the Spectral Gap (short version)
The spectral gap -- the difference in energy between the ground state and the first excited state -- is one of the most important properties of a quantum many-body system. Quantum phase transitions occur when the spectral gap vanishes and the system becomes critical. Much of physics is concerned with understanding the phase diagrams of quantum systems, and some of the most challenging and long-standing open problems in theoretical physics concern the spectral gap, such as the Haldane conjecture that the Heisenberg chain is gapped for integer spin, proving existence of a gapped topological spin liquid phase, or the Yang-Mills gap conjecture (one of the Millennium Prize problems). These problems are all particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: Given a quantum many-body Hamiltonian, is the system it describes gapped or gapless? Here we show that this problem is undecidable, in the same sense as the Halting Problem was proven to be undecidable by Turing. A consequence of this is that the spectral gap...
Cubitt, Toby; Wolf, Michael M
The spectral gap -- the difference in energy between the ground state and the first excited state -- is one of the most important properties of a quantum many-body system. Quantum phase transitions occur when the spectral gap vanishes and the system becomes critical. Much of physics is concerned with understanding the phase diagrams of quantum systems, and some of the most challenging and long-standing open problems in theoretical physics concern the spectral gap, such as the Haldane conjecture that the Heisenberg chain is gapped for integer spin, proving existence of a gapped topological spin liquid phase, or the Yang-Mills gap conjecture (one of the Millennium Prize problems). These problems are all particular cases of the general spectral gap problem: Given a quantum many-body Hamiltonian, is the system it describes gapped or gapless? Here we show that this problem is undecidable, in the same sense as the Halting Problem was proven to be undecidable by Turing. A consequence of this is that the spectral gap of certain quantum many-body Hamiltonians is not determined by the axioms of mathematics, much as Goedels incompleteness theorem implies that certain theorems are mathematically unprovable. We extend these results to prove undecidability of other low temperature properties, such as correlation functions. The proof hinges on simple quantum many-body models that exhibit highly unusual physics in the thermodynamic limit.
Toby Cubitt; David Perez-Garcia; Michael M. Wolf
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Criticality Safety
Functional Area Qualification Standard Gap Analysis Qualification Cards outline the differences between the last and latest version of the FAQ Standard.
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Radiation Protection
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Environmental Restoration
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Construction Management
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Mechanical Systems
Gap Assessment (FY 13 Update)
To help guide its future data collection efforts, The DOE GTO funded a data gap analysis in FY2012 to identify high potential hydrothermal areas where critical data are needed. This analysis was updated in FY2013 and the resulting datasets are represented by this metadata. The original process was published in FY 2012 and is available here: https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/GeoConf/papers/SGW/2013/Esposito.pdf Though there are many types of data that can be used for hydrothermal exploration, five types of exploration data were targeted for this analysis. These data types were selected for their regional reconnaissance potential, and include many of the primary exploration techniques currently used by the geothermal industry. The data types include: 1. well data 2. geologic maps 3. fault maps 4. geochemistry data 5. geophysical data To determine data coverage, metadata for exploration data (including data type, data status, and coverage information) were collected and catalogued from nodes on the National Geothermal Data System (NGDS). It is the intention of this analysis that the data be updated from this source in a semi-automated fashion as new datasets are added to the NGDS nodes. In addition to this upload, an online tool was developed to allow all geothermal data providers to access this assessment and to directly add metadata themselves and view the results of the analysis via maps of data coverage in Geothermal Prospector (http://maps.nrel.gov/gt_prospector). A grid of the contiguous U.S. was created with 88,000 10-km by 10-km grid cells, and each cell was populated with the status of data availability corresponding to the five data types. Using these five data coverage maps and the USGS Resource Potential Map, sites were identified for future data collection efforts. These sites signify both that the USGS has indicated high favorability of occurrence of geothermal resources and that data gaps exist. The uploaded data are contained in two data files for each data category. The first file contains the grid and is in the SHP file format (shape file.) Each populated grid cell represents a 10k area within which data is known to exist. The second file is a CSV (comma separated value) file that contains all of the individual layers that intersected with the grid. This CSV can be joined with the map to retrieve a list of datasets that are available at any given site. The attributes in the CSV include: 1. grid_id : The id of the grid cell that the data intersects with 2. title: This represents the name of the WFS service that intersected with this grid cell 3. abstract: This represents the description of the WFS service that intersected with this grid cell 4. gap_type: This represents the category of data availability that these data fall within. As the current processing is pulling data from NGDS, this category universally represents data that are available in the NGDS and are ready for acquisition for analytic purposes. 5. proprietary_type: Whether the data are considered proprietary 6. service_type: The type of service 7. base_url: The service URL
Getman, Dan
Drop short control of electrode gap
During vacuum consumable arc remelting the electrode gap between a consumable electrode and a pool of molten metal is difficult to control. The present invention monitors drop shorts by detecting a decrease in the voltage between the consumable electrode and molten pool. The drop shorts and their associated voltage reductions occur as repetitive pulses which are closely correlated to the electrode gap. Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention controls electrode gap based upon drop shorts detected from the monitored anode-cathode voltage. The number of drop shorts are accumulated, and each time the number of drop shorts reach a predetermined number, the average period between drop shorts is calculated from this predetermined number and the time in which this number is accumulated. This average drop short period is used in a drop short period electrode gap model which determines the actual electrode gap from the drop short. The actual electrode gap is then compared with a desired electrode gap which is selected to produce optimum operating conditions and the velocity of the consumable error is varied based upon the gap error. The consumable electrode is driven according to any prior art system at this velocity. In the preferred embodiment, a microprocessor system is utilized to perform the necessary calculations and further to monitor the duration of each drop short. If any drop short exceeds a preset duration period, the consumable electrode is rapidly retracted a predetermined distance to prevent bonding of the consumable electrode to the molten remelt.
Fisher, Robert W. (Albuquerque, NM); Maroone, James P. (Albuquerque, NM); Tipping, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM); Zanner, Frank J. (Sandia Park, NM)
Narrow band gap amorphous silicon semiconductors
Disclosed is a narrow band gap amorphous silicon semiconductor comprising an alloy of amorphous silicon and a band gap narrowing element selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ge, and Pb, with an electron donor dopant selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Bi and N. The process for producing the narrow band gap amorphous silicon semiconductor comprises the steps of forming an alloy comprising amorphous silicon and at least one of the aforesaid band gap narrowing elements in amount sufficient to narrow the band gap of the silicon semiconductor alloy below that of amorphous silicon, and also utilizing sufficient amounts of the aforesaid electron donor dopant to maintain the amorphous silicon alloy as an n-type semiconductor.
Madan, A.; Mahan, A.H.
Engine piston having an insulating air gap
A piston for an internal combustion engine has an upper crown with a top and a bottom surface, and a lower crown with a top and a bottom surface. The upper crown and the lower crown are fixedly attached to each other using welds, with the bottom surface of the upper crown and the top surface of the lower crown forming a mating surface. The piston also has at least one centrally located air gap formed on the mating surface. The air gap is sealed to prevent substantial airflow into or out of the air gap.
Jarrett, Mark Wayne (Washington, IL); Hunold,Brent Michael (Apex, NC)
Are We Closing the School Discipline Gap?
D.J. , (Ed). Closing the School Discipline Gap: EquitableBooth, E.A. (2011). Breaking schools� rules: A statewidestudy of how school discipline relates to students� success
Losen, Daniel; Hodson, Cheri; Keith II, Michael A; Morrison, Katrina; Belway, Shakti
Columbia River Component Data Gap Analysis
This Data Gap Analysis report documents the results of a study conducted by Washington Closure Hanford (WCH) to compile and reivew the currently available surface water and sediment data for the Columbia River near and downstream of the Hanford Site. This Data Gap Analysis study was conducted to review the adequacy of the existing surface water and sediment data set from the Columbia River, with specific reference to the use of the data in future site characterization and screening level risk assessments.
L. C. Hulstrom
Beam dumping system and abort gap
The performance of the beam dumping systems and the abort gap cleaning are reviewed in the context of the general machine protection system. Details of the commissioning experience and setting up, encountered equipment problems, the experience with and status of the eXternal Post Operational Checks (XPOC) and the importance of operational procedures are presented for the beam dumping system. The brief experience with the abort gap cleaning is also presented.
Uythoven, J
NWChem: Bridging the Gap Between Experimental and Computational...
NWChem: Bridging the Gap Between Experimental and Computational Chemistry NWChem: Bridging the Gap Between Experimental and Computational Chemistry Intel recently interviewed...
antiparticle spectrometer gaps: Topics by E-print Network
Next Page Last Page Topic Index 1 The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) - Hunt for dark matter using low-energy antideuterons CERN Preprints Summary: The GAPS experiment is...
Bridging the Gap between Fundamental Physics and Chemistry and...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Bridging the Gap between Fundamental Physics and Chemistry and Applied Models for HCCI Engines Bridging the Gap between Fundamental Physics and Chemistry and Applied Models for...
A University of Alabama Axial-Gap Electric Motor Developmenty
CAVT A University of Alabama Axial-Gap Electric Motor Developmenty Research Center OBJECTIVE Develop axial gap permanent-magnet electric Axial motor Develop axial gap permanent-magnet electric motor topologies with high torque and power densities MOTIVATION Axial-gap ("pancake") motors have
Carver, Jeffrey C.
Oscillation of Fourier Integrals with a spectral gap
May 30, 2003 ... In engineering literature, functions with a spectral gap are called high- .... High-
Natural Gas Engine Development Gaps (Presentation)
A review of current natural gas vehicle offerings is presented for both light-duty and medium- and heavy-duty applications. Recent gaps in the marketplace are discussed, along with how they have been or may be addressed. The stakeholder input process for guiding research and development needs via the Natural Gas Vehicle Technology Forum (NGVTF) to the U.S. Department of Energy and the California Energy Commission is reviewed. Current high-level natural gas engine development gap areas are highlighted, including efficiency, emissions, and the certification process.
Zigler, B.T.
Homolumo gap from dynamical energy levels
We introduce a dynamical matrix model where the matrix is interpreted as a Hamiltonian representing interaction of a bosonic system with a single fermion. We show how a system of second-quantized fermions influences the ground state of the whole system by producing a gap between the highest eigenvalue of the occupied single-fermion states and the lowest eigenvalue of the unoccupied single-fermion states. We describe the development of the gap in both the strong and weak coupling regimes, while for the intermediate coupling strength we expect formation of homolumo kinks.
Andric, I.; Jonke, L.; Jurman, D.; Nielsen, H. B. [Theoretical Physics Division, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb (Croatia); Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen DK 2100 (Denmark)
The Windy Prize-Collecting Rural Postman Problem:
Note that each edge in the graph gives rise to two arcs, for both of which the traversal-benefit is .... the current level of pheromone for arc (v, w), ?vw. We compute.
The windy city : harnessing power in the neighborhood landscape
As wind power has spread in North America, so has an awareness that community acceptance will largely determine whether this renewable energy source continues to grow. Despite apparently widespread popular support for wind ...
Cherry, Jonathan S. (Jonathan Sher)
Discrete Optimization Lower bounds and heuristics for the Windy Rural
or not they are consid- ered as non-required edges. Hence, the problem of finding a minimum energy consumption traversal of the known single-vehicle Arc Routing Prob- lems, and it is the mathematical model describing several real periodi- cally. The possibility of using autonomous robots equipped with TV cameras represents a very
Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro
Big Windy Hot Springs Geothermal Area | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160Benin: Energy ResourcesJersey: EnergyBerthoud,BiodieselRapids is aJump to: navigation,
Big Windy (Great Escape Restaurant Turbine) | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating SolarElectricEnergyCTBarre Biomass FacilityOregon:Great Escape Restaurant Turbine)
Windy Flats(3Q09 portion) | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire EnergyFlats Jump
Windy Point (08) Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire EnergyFlats Jump8) Wind
Windy Point - REpower (09) Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire EnergyFlats Jump8)
Windy Point - Siemens Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County,Windspire EnergyFlats
Windy City Renewable Energy LLC | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperative JumpWilliamson County,Bay, OR) JumpPhotoSouth Carolina:Renewable Energy
A project has been undertaken to develop an electrochemical cell and support equipment for evaluation of a gas diffusion electrode-based, narrow-electrolyte-gap anode for SO{sub 2} oxidation in the hydrogen production cycle of the hybrid sulfur (HyS) process. The project supported the HyS development program at the Savannah River National Lab (SRNL). The benefits of using a gas diffusion electrode in conjunction with the narrow anolyte gap are being determined through electrochemical polarization testing under a variety conditions, and by comparison to results produced by SRNL and others using anode technologies that have no anolyte gap. These test results indicate that the NGA cell has low resistance suitable for use in the HyS electrolyzer, exhibits good efficiency at high current densities compared to the direct feed HyS electrolyzer, and indicates robust performance in extended testing over 65 hours. Seepage episodes were mostly caused by port clogging, which can be mitigated in future designs through minor modifications to the hardware. Significant reductions in sulfur crossover have not yet been demonstrated in the NGA configuration compared to in-house direct feed testing, but corroborative sulfur layer analysis is as yet incomplete. Further testing in a single-pass anolyte configuration is recommended for complete evaluation of steady-state electrochemical efficiency and SO{sub 2} crossover in the narrow gap configuration.
Herman, D.; Summers, W.; Danko, E.
Energy Gaps in a Spacetime Crystal
This paper presents an analysis of the band structure of a spacetime potential lattice created by a standing electromagnetic wave. We show that there are energy band gaps. We estimate the effect, and propose a measurement that could confirm the existence of such phenomena.
L. P. Horwitz; E. Z. Engelberg
Gapped spin Hamiltonian motivated by quantum teleportation
We construct a Hamiltonian whose ground state encodes a time-independent emulation of quan- tum teleportation. We calculate properties of the Hamiltonian, using exact diagonalization and a mean-field theory, and argue that it has a gap. The system exhibits an illuminating relationship to the well-known AKLT (Affleck, Lieb, Kennedy and Tasaki) model.
Ari Mizel
Results of the GAP-4 experiment on molten-fuel drainage through intersubassembly gap geometry. [LMFBR
One of the key issues in assessment of the meltout phase of a hypothetical core disruptive accident in the LMFBR system involves the timing and paths for dispersal of molten fuel from the disrupted core. A program of experiments is underway at Argonne National Laboratory to investigate molten fuel penetration through these postulated escape paths. The purpose of the GAP-4 test was to examine the penetration distances of molten fuel flowing through the flat, narrow channels representing the intersubassembly gap geometry. In the experiment design, the gap geometry was selected to be two-dimensional on the basis that the gap volume in a reactor design would be interconnected and continuous. The molten fuel used in these tests was a mixture of UO/sub 2/ (81%) and molybdenum (19%) which was generated by an exothermic thermite reaction at a temperature of approx. 3470 K.
Spencer, B.W.; Vetter, D.; Wesel, R.; Sienicki, J.J.
Comparison of GAP-3 and GAP-4 experiments with conduction freezing calculations. [LMFBR
Experiments GAP-3 and GAP-4 were performed at ANL to investigate the ability of molten fuel to penetrate downward through the narrow channels separating adjacent subassemblies during an LMFBR hypothetical core disruptive accident. Molten fuel-metal mixtures (81% UO/sub 2/, 19% Mo) at an initial temperature of 3470/sup 0/K generated by a thermite reaction were injected downward into 1 m long rectangular test sections (gap thickness = 0.43 cm, channel width = 20.3 cm) initially at 1170/sup 0/K simulating the nominal Clinch River Breeder Reactor intersubassembly gap. In the GAP-3 test, a prolonged reaction time of approx. 15 s resulted in segregation of the metallic Mo and oxidic UO/sub 2/ constituents within the reaction vessel prior to injection. Consequently, Mo entered the test section first and froze, forming a complete plug at a penetration distance of 0.18 m. In GAP-4, the reaction time was reduced to approx. 3 s and the constituents remained well mixed upon injection with the result that the leading edge penetration distance increased to 0.35 m. Posttest examination of the cut-open test sections has revealed the existence of stable insulating crusts upon the underlying steel walls with melting and ablation of the walls only very localized.
Sienicki, J.J.; Spencer, B.W.
On fixed-gap adiabatic quantum computation
Quantum computation has revolutionary potential for speeding algorithms and for simulating quantum systems such as molecules. We report here a quantum computer design that performs universal quantum computation within a single non-degenerate ground state protected from decohering noise by an energy gap that we argue is system-size-independent. Closely analogous to a traditional electric circuit, it substantially changes the requirements for quantum computer construction, easing measurement, timing, and heating problems. Using the standard adiabatic condition, we present evidence that this design permits "quantum concurrent processing" distributing a quantum computation among extra qubits to perform a quantum algorithm of N gates in an amount of time that scales with the square root of N. One consequence of our work is a fixed gap version of adiabatic quantum computation, which several arguments hinted could be impossible.
Chemical potential and the gap equation
In general the kernel of QCD's gap equation possesses a domain of analyticity upon which the equation's solution at nonzero chemical potential is simply obtained from the in-vacuum result through analytic continuation. On this domain the single-quark number- and scalar-density distribution functions are mu-independent. This is illustrated via two models for the gap equation's kernel. The models are alike in concentrating support in the infrared. They differ in the form of the vertex but qualitatively the results are largely insensitive to the Ansatz. In vacuum both models realise chiral symmetry in the Nambu-Goldstone mode and in the chiral limit, with increasing chemical potential, exhibit a first-order chiral symmetry restoring transition at mu~M(0), where M(p^2) is the dressed-quark mass function. There is evidence to suggest that any associated deconfinement transition is coincident and also of first-order.
Huan Chen; Wei Yuan; Lei Chang; Yu-Xin Liu; Thomas Klahn; Craig D. Roberts
;PROJECT OVERVIEW ·Site Location·Site Location ·Fremont , Wyoming ·Existing Uranium Mine Permit 381C·Existing Uranium Mine Permit 381C ·Historical Operation ·Western Nuclear Crooks Gap Project ·Mined 1956 1988 and Open Pit Mining ·Current Mine Permit (381C) ·Updating POO, Reclamation Plan & Bond ·Uranium Recovery
Fabrication of photonic band gap materials
A method for forming a periodic dielectric structure exhibiting photonic band gap effects includes forming a slurry of a nano-crystalline ceramic dielectric or semiconductor material and monodisperse polymer microspheres, depositing a film of the slurry on a substrate, drying the film, and calcining the film to remove the polymer microspheres therefrom. The film may be cold-pressed after drying and prior to calcining. The ceramic dielectric or semiconductor material may be titania, and the polymer microspheres may be polystyrene microspheres.
Constant, Kristen (Ames, IA); Subramania, Ganapathi S. (Ames, IA); Biswas, Rana (Ames, IA); Ho, Kai-Ming (Ames, IA)
To Bridge LEDs' Green Gap, Scientists Think Small
To Bridge LEDs' Green Gap, Scientists Think Small To Bridge LEDs' Green Gap, Scientists Think Small Nanostructures Half a DNA Strand-Wide Show Promise for Efficient LEDs April 4,...
Vehicle Codes and Standards: Overview and Gap Analysis
This report identifies gaps in vehicle codes and standards and recommends ways to fill the gaps, focusing on six alternative fuels: biodiesel, natural gas, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, and propane.
Blake, C.; Buttner, W.; Rivkin, C.
Substrate-Induced Band-Gap Opening in Epitaxial Graphene
Substrate-Induced Band-Gap Opening in Epitaxial Graphene Substrate-Induced Band-Gap Opening in Epitaxial Graphene Print Wednesday, 26 March 2008 00:00 Prospective challengers to...
Substrate-induced band gap opening in epitaxial graphene
H.A. Electronic states of graphene nanoribbons studied withS.G. Louie. Energy gaps in graphene nanoribbons. Phys. Rev.band-gap engineering of graphene nanoribbons. Phys. Rev.
Bridging the Efficiency Gap: Commercial Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioners
Bridging the Efficiency Gap: Commercial Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioners John Shugars, Consultant ofcommercialpackaged air conditioners, explore the reasons behindthis efficiency gap, and assess opportunities). Although sales of rooftop air conditioners have steadily increased over the past decade, the efficiency
Sundial Substation Site Baxter Road Substation Site Casey Road
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium OxideSumin Kim Sumin Kim SuminAugust8SpursSundial
Note On The Maximal Primes Gaps
This note presents a result on the maximal prime gap of the form p_(n+1) - p_n 0 is a constant, for any arbitrarily small real number e > 0, and all sufficiently large integer n > n_0. Equivalently, the result shows that any short interval [x, x + y], y => C(log x)^(1+e), contains prime numbers for all sufficiently large real numbers x => x_0 unconditionally. An application demonstrates that a prime p => x > 2 can be determined in deterministic polynomial time O(log(x)^8).
N. A. Carella
Turbine blade tip gap reduction system
A turbine blade sealing system for reducing a gap between a tip of a turbine blade and a stationary shroud of a turbine engine. The sealing system includes a plurality of flexible seal strips extending from a pressure side of a turbine blade generally orthogonal to the turbine blade. During operation of the turbine engine, the flexible seal strips flex radially outward extending towards the stationary shroud of the turbine engine, thereby reducing the leakage of air past the turbine blades and increasing the efficiency of the turbine engine.
Diakunchak, Ihor S.
Complexified cones. Spectral gaps and variational principles
We consider contractions of complexified real cones, as recently introduced by Rugh in [Rugh10]. Dubois [Dub09] gave optimal conditions to determine if a matrix contracts a canonical complex cone. First we generalize his results to the case of complex operators on a Banach space and give precise conditions for the contraction and an improved estimate of the size of the associated spectral gap. We then prove a variational formula for the leading eigenvalue similar to the Collatz-Wielandt formula for a real cone contraction. Morally, both cases boil down to the study of suitable collections of 2 by 2 matrices and their contraction properties on the Riemann sphere.
Dubois, Lo�c
Olene Gap Geothermal Project | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth'sOklahoma/Geothermal < Oklahoma Jump to: navigation,Olene Gap Geothermal
Next Generation Nuclear Plant GAP Analysis Report
As a follow-up to the phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) studies conducted recently by NRC on next generation nuclear plant (NGNP) safety, a study was conducted to identify the significant 'gaps' between what is needed and what is already available to adequately assess NGNP safety characteristics. The PIRT studies focused on identifying important phenomena affecting NGNP plant behavior, while the gap study gives more attention to off-normal behavior, uncertainties, and event probabilities under both normal operation and postulated accident conditions. Hence, this process also involved incorporating more detailed evaluations of accident sequences and risk assessments. This study considers thermal-fluid and neutronic behavior under both normal and postulated accident conditions, fission product transport (FPT), high-temperature metals, and graphite behavior and their effects on safety. In addition, safety issues related to coupling process heat (hydrogen production) systems to the reactor are addressed, given the limited design information currently available. Recommendations for further study, including analytical methods development and experimental needs, are presented as appropriate in each of these areas.
Ball, Sydney J [ORNL; Burchell, Timothy D [ORNL; Corwin, William R [ORNL; Fisher, Stephen Eugene [ORNL; Forsberg, Charles W. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Morris, Robert Noel [ORNL; Moses, David Lewis [ORNL
Quantum confinement in GaP nanoclusters
We have prepared GaP and GaAs nanoclusters from organometallic condensation reactions of E[Si(ChH{sub 3})3]3 (E = P, As) and GaCl{sub 3}. The size of the as synthesized clusters is 10 {Angstrom} to 15 {Angstrom}. Larger clusters of 20 {Angstrom} to 30 {Angstrom} size were obtained by thermal annealing of the as grown material. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the high crystalline quality. A lattice contraction of 6.7% could be seen for 10 {Angstrom} sized GaAs clusters. The clusters are nearly spherical in shape. Optical absorption spectra show a distinct line which can be assigned to the fundamental transition of the quantum confined electronic state. The measured blue shift, with respect to the GaP bulk absorption edge is 0.53 eV. As the cluster is smaller than the exciton radius, we can calculate the cluster size from this blue shift and obtain 20.2 {Angstrom}, consistent with the results from X-ray diffraction of 19.5 {Angstrom} for the same sample.
Laurich, B.K.; Smith, D.C.; Healy, M.D.
Extended Supersymmetry in Gapped and Superconducting Graphene
In view of the many quantum field theoretical descriptions of graphene in $2+1$ dimensions, we present another field theoretical feature of graphene, in the presence of defects. Particularly, we shall be interested in gapped graphene in the presence of a domain wall and also for superconducting graphene in the presence of a vortex. As we explicitly demonstrate, the gapped graphene electrons that are localized on the domain wall are associated with four $N=2$ one dimensional supersymmetries, with each pair combining to form an extended $N=4$ supersymmetry with non-trivial topological charges. The case of superconducting graphene is more involved, with the electrons localized on the vortex being associated with $n$ one dimensional supersymmetries, which in turn combine to form an $N=2n$ extended supersymmetry with no-trivial topological charges. As we shall prove, all supersymmetries are unbroken, a feature closely related to the number of the localized fermions and also to the exact form of the associated oper...
Oikonomou, V K
In view of the many quantum field theoretical descriptions of graphene in $2+1$ dimensions, we present another field theoretical feature of graphene, in the presence of defects. Particularly, we shall be interested in gapped graphene in the presence of a domain wall and also for superconducting graphene in the presence of a vortex. As we explicitly demonstrate, the gapped graphene electrons that are localized on the domain wall are associated with four $N=2$ one dimensional supersymmetries, with each pair combining to form an extended $N=4$ supersymmetry with non-trivial topological charges. The case of superconducting graphene is more involved, with the electrons localized on the vortex being associated with $n$ one dimensional supersymmetries, which in turn combine to form an $N=2n$ extended supersymmetry with no-trivial topological charges. As we shall prove, all supersymmetries are unbroken, a feature closely related to the number of the localized fermions and also to the exact form of the associated operators. In addition, the corresponding Witten index is invariant under compact and odd perturbations.
V. K. Oikonomou
Arc voltage distribution skewness as an indicator of electrode gap during vacuum arc remelting
The electrode gap of a VAR is monitored by determining the skewness of a distribution of gap voltage measurements. A decrease in skewness indicates an increase in gap and may be used to control the gap.
Williamson, Rodney L. (Albuquerque, NM); Zanner, Frank J. (Sandia Park, NM); Grose, Stephen M. (Glenwood, WV)
The electrode gap of a VAR is monitored by determining the skewness of a distribution of gap voltage measurements. A decrease in skewness indicates an increase in gap and may be used to control the gap. 4 figs.
Williamson, R.L.; Zanner, F.J.; Grose, S.M.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Gap Heat Transfer Model in BISON.
This report summarizes the result of a NEAMS project focused on sensitivity analysis of the heat transfer model in the gap between the fuel rod and the cladding used in the BISON fuel performance code of Idaho National Laboratory. Using the gap heat transfer models in BISON, the sensitivity of the modeling parameters and the associated responses is investigated. The study results in a quantitative assessment of the role of various parameters in the analysis of gap heat transfer in nuclear fuel.
Swiler, Laura Painton; Schmidt, Rodney C.; Williamson, Richard (INL); Perez, Danielle (INL)
Catalysis by Design: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments...
Between Theory and Experiments at Nanoscale Level Catalysis by Design: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Experiments at Nanoscale Level Studies on a simple platinum-alumina...
Catalysis by Design: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Experiments...
between Theory and Experiments Catalysis by Design: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Experiments Poster presentation at the 2007 Diesel Engine-Efficiency & Emissions Research...
Method for Creating Photonic Band Gap Materials - Energy Innovation...
a photonic band gap. These microstructures have the potential to change the way optoelectronic devices, such as photodiodes, LEDs, and integrated optical circuit elements, are...
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Fire Protection Engineering
Minding the Gap Makes for More Efficient Solar Cells
properties of these materials go through a dramatic change that makes them ideal for solar energy applications. These materials can go from indirect band gap semiconductors to...
acoustic band gaps: Topics by E-print Network
type of phononic crystals manufactured Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.10631.2167794 The propagation of acoustic waves in periodic composite Deymier, Pierre 2 Acoustic band gap...
Substrate-Induced Band-Gap Opening in Epitaxial Graphene Print Prospective challengers to silicon, the long-reigning king of semiconductors for computer chips and other electronic...
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card � Nuclear Explosive Safety Study
ERDC/CERLTR-05-38 Determining Research Gaps
ERDC/CERLTR-05-38 Determining Research Gaps in Disturbance Data for Fort Bliss and a Conceptual-38 November 2005 Determining Research Gaps in Disturbance Data for Fort Bliss and a Conceptual Model Tamara Bliss #12;ABSTRACT Numerous research and outside monitoring efforts have been completed for Fort Bliss
Fehmi, Jeffrey S.
CX-011618: Categorical Exclusion Determination
Kremmling-Windy Gap 138-kilovolt Transmission Line Danger Tree Management CX(s) Applied: B1.3 Date: 11/21/2013 Location(s): Colorado Offices(s): Western Area Power Administration-Rocky Mountain Region
British Academy (e-GAP2) Guide for Applicants The British Academy e-GAP2 applicant guide July 2012 Page 1
British Academy (e-GAP2) Guide for Applicants The British Academy e-GAP2 applicant guide July 2012 Page 1 2012 INTERNAL USER GUIDE A Guide to the British Academy Electronic Submission System (e-GAP2) A Quick Guide for Applicants applying for funding using the e-GAP2 System The British Academy web page
Pairing Gaps, Pseudogaps, and Phase Diagrams for Cuprate Superconductors
We use a symmetry-constrained variational procedure to construct a generalization of BCS to include Cooper pairs with non-zero momentum and angular momentum. The resulting gap equations are solved at zero and finite temperature, and the doping-dependent solutions are used to construct gap and phase diagrams. We find a pseudogap terminating at a critical doping that may be interpreted in terms of both competing order and preformed pairs. The strong similarity between observation and predicted gap and phase structure suggests that this approach may provide a unified description of the complex structure observed for cuprate superconductors.
Yang Sun; Mike Guidry; Cheng-Li Wu
Plugging of intersubassembly gaps by downward flowing molten steel. [LMFBR
In the assessment of the meltout phase of an LMFBR hypothetical core disruptive accident, a pathway for the escape of molten fuel from the disrupted core is provided by the narrow channels separating adjacent subassemblies. However, the removal of fuel through intersubassembly gaps might be impeded by steel blockage formation, if molten steel is postulated to enter the gap network ahead of disrupted fuel. Reported here are the results of an analysis of the conduction freezing controlled penetration behavior of molten steel flowing downward through the voided (of sodium) gap channels nominally separating adjacent subassemblies below the active core region. The objective is to determine the range of conditions under which the steel is predicted to be deposited as a thin crust on the channel walls leaving an open pathway remaining for subsequent fuel flow instead of forming a complete plug which closes off the gap channel and obstructs fuel removal immediately thereafter.
Perspective The MAHB, the Culture Gap, and Some Really
is a product of population size, per capita consumption, and the sorts of technologies and social and economic systems that supply the consumption. A vast ``culture gap'' has developed over the past century or so
Ford, James
Air-gap sacrificial materials by initiated chemical vapor deposition
P(neopentyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) copolymer, abbreviated as P(npMAco-EGDA), was selected as the potential air-gap sacrificial material among possible combination of twenty monomers and four ...
Lee, Long Hua
Permanent-magnet-less machine having an enclosed air gap
A permanent magnet-less, brushless synchronous system includes a stator that generates a magnetic rotating field when sourced by an alternating current. An uncluttered rotor disposed within the magnetic rotating field is spaced apart from the stator to form an air gap relative to an axis of rotation. A stationary excitation core spaced apart from the uncluttered rotor by an axial air gap and a radial air gap substantially encloses the stationary excitation core. Some permanent magnet-less, brushless synchronous systems include stator core gaps to reduce axial flux flow. Some permanent magnet-less, brushless synchronous systems include an uncluttered rotor coupled to outer laminations. The quadrature-axis inductance may be increased in some synchronous systems. Some synchronous systems convert energy such as mechanical energy into electrical energy (e.g., a generator); other synchronous systems may convert any form of energy into mechanical energy (e.g., a motor).
Hsu, John S. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Proper Sustainability: GAP Grant Proposal Work Plan Strategy Webinar
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
In this webinar I will discuss the new GAP grant requirements for tribal environmental programs and strategies for crafting a work plan that focuses on capacity building activities.� My goal is to...
Energy gap of Kronig-Penney-type hydrogenated graphene superlattices
The electronic structure of graphene-graphane superlattices with armchair interfaces is investigated with first-principles density-functional theory. By separately varying the widths, we find that the energy gap Eg is ...
Lee, Joo-Hyoung
Gap generation and semimetal-insulator phase transition in graphene
The gap generation is studied in suspended clean graphene in the continuum model for quasiparticles with the Coulomb interaction. We solve the gap equation with the dynamical polarization function and show that, comparing to the case of the static polarization function, the critical coupling constant lowers to the value \\alpha_c=0.92, which is close to that obtained in lattice Monte Carlo simulations. It is argued that additional short-range four-fermion interactions should be included in the continuum model to account for the lattice simulation results. We obtain the critical line in the plane of electromagnetic and four-fermion coupling constants and find a second order phase transition separating zero gap and gapped phases with critical exponents close to those found in lattice calculations.
O. V. Gamayun; E. V. Gorbar; V. P. Gusynin
Closing gaps in the human genome using sequencing by synthesis
The most recent release of the finished human genome contains 260 euchromatic gaps (excluding chromosome Y). Recent work has helped explain a large number of these unresolved regions as 'structural' in nature. Another class ...
Arachchi, Harindra M.
Hsu, John S.
Excitonic gap, phase transition, and quantum Hall effect in graphene
We suggest that physics underlying the recently observed removal of sublattice and spin degeneracies in graphene in a strong magnetic field describes a phase transition connected with the generation of an excitonic gap. The experimental form of the Hall conductivity is reproduced and the main characteristics of the dynamics are described. Predictions of the behavior of the gap as a function of temperature and a gate voltage are made.
V. P. Gusynin; V. A. Miransky; S. G. Sharapov; I. A. Shovkovy
Hydrogeologic Model for the Gable Gap Area, Hanford Site
Gable Gap is a structural and topographic depression between Gable Mountain and Gable Butte within the central Hanford Site. It has a long and complex geologic history, which includes tectonic uplift synchronous with erosional downcutting associated with the ancestral Columbia River during both Ringold and Cold Creek periods, and by the later Ice Age (mostly glacial Lake Missoula) floods. The gap was subsequently buried and partially backfilled by mostly coarse-grained, Ice Age flood deposits (Hanford formation). Erosional remnants of both the Ringold Formation and Cold Creek unit locally underlie the high-energy flood deposits. A large window exists in the gap where confined basalt aquifers are in contact with the unconfined suprabasalt aquifer. Several paleochannels, of both Hanford and Ringold Formation age, were eroded into the basalt bedrock across Gable Gap. Groundwater from the Central Plateau presently moves through Gable Gap via one or more of these shallow paleochannels. As groundwater levels continue to decline in the region, groundwater flow may eventually be cut off through Gable Gap.
Bjornstad, Bruce N.; Thorne, Paul D.; Williams, Bruce A.; Last, George V.; Thomas, Gregory S.; Thompson, Michael D.; Ludwig, Jami L.; Lanigan, David C.
Investigating the book-tax income gap : factors which affect the gap and details regarding its most significant component
(cont.) In total, my thesis suggests that recent changes in the book-tax income gap may be exogenous and transitory, due to changes to the calculation of book income, general business conditions or other factors which ...
Seidman, Jeri
Influence of gap spacing on the characteristics of Trichel pulse generated in point-to-plane discharge gaps
In this paper, the specific characteristics of the Trichel pulse generated in wide point-to-plane discharge gaps are investigated and compared with those of the currents generated in narrow gaps. A set of empirical formulas are derived to describe the specific characteristics. The influence of the gap spacing both on the current characteristics and on the coefficients of the formulas is studied. Based on the experiment results, an improvement is made to the space charge calculation method proposed by Lama and Gallo [J. Appl. Phys. 45, 103�113 (1974)] and the calculation results are compared to the ones obtained with Lama and Gallo's original method. With the influence of the space charge considered, the modified method obtains more accurate results of the space charge accumulating in the gap and gives a more precise description of the motion of the space charge in the gap. Based on the calculation results, the influence of the space charge on the distribution of the electric field is examined and the influence of the gap spacing on the current characteristics is also studied.
Li, Zhen, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Zhang, Bo, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; He, Jinliang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Xu, Yongsheng, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
Gap formation and stability in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
Several observations of transition discs show lopsided dust-distributions. A potential explanation is the formation of a large-scale vortex acting as a dust-trap at the edge of a gap opened by a giant planet. Numerical models of gap-edge vortices have thus far employed locally isothermal discs, but the theory of this vortex-forming or `Rossby wave' instability was originally developed for adiabatic discs. We generalise the study of planetary gap stability to non-isothermal discs using customised numerical simulations of disc-planet systems where the planet opens an unstable gap. We include in the energy equation a simple cooling function with cooling timescale $t_c=\\beta\\Omega_k^{-1}$, where $\\Omega_k$ is the Keplerian frequency, and examine the effect of $\\beta$ on the stability of gap edges and vortex lifetimes. We find increasing $\\beta$ lowers the growth rate of non-axisymmetric perturbations, and the dominant azimuthal wavenumber $m$ decreases. We find a quasi-steady state consisting of one large-scale, ...
Les, Robert
CV evolution: AM Her binaries and the period gap
AM Her variables -- synchronised magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs) -- exhibit a different period distribution from other CVs across the period gap. We show that non-AM Her systems may infiltrate the longer-period end of the period gap if they are metal-deficient, but that the position and width of the gap in orbital period is otherwise insensitive to other binary parameters (excepting the normalisation of the braking rate). In AM Her binaries, magnetic braking is reduced as the wind from the secondary star may be trapped within the magnetosphere of the white dwarf primary. This reduced braking fills the period gap from its short-period end as the dipole magnetic moment of the white dwarf increases. The consistency of these models with the observed distribution of CVs, both AM Her and non-AM Her type, provides compelling evidence supporting magnetic braking as the agent of angular momentum loss among long-period CVs, and its disruption as the explanation of the 2 - 3 hour period gap among nonmagnetic CVs.
R. F. Webbink; D. T. Wickramasinghe
Vortex and gap generation in gauge models of graphene
Effective quantum field theoretical continuum models for graphene are investigated. The models include a complex scalar field and a vector gauge field. Different gauge theories are considered and their gap patterns for the scalar, vector, and fermion excitations are investigated. Different gauge groups lead to different relations between the gaps, which can be used to experimentally distinguish the gauge theories. In this class of models the fermionic gap is a dynamic quantity. The finite-energy vortex solutions of the gauge models have the flux of the "magnetic field" quantized, making the Bohm-Aharonov effect active even when external electromagnetic fields are absent. The flux comes proportional to the scalar field angular momentum quantum number. The zero modes of the Dirac equation show that the gauge models considered here are compatible with fractionalization.
O. Oliveira; C. E. Cordeiro; A. Delfino; W. de Paula; T. Frederico
NGNP Project Regulatory Gap Analysis for Modular HTGRs
The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project Regulatory Gap Analysis (RGA) for High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR) was conducted to evaluate existing regulatory requirements and guidance against the design characteristics specific to a generic modular HTGR. This final report presents results and identifies regulatory gaps concerning current Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing requirements that apply to the modular HTGR design concept. This report contains appendices that highlight important HTGR licensing issues that were found during the RGA study. The information contained in this report will be used to further efforts in reconciling HTGR-related gaps in the NRC licensing structure, which has to date largely focused on light water reactor technology.
Wayne Moe
Finite-temperature lineshapes in gapped quantum spin chains
We consider the finite-temperature dynamical structure factor (DSF) of gapped quantum spin chains such as the spin one Heisenberg model and the transverse field Ising model in the disordered phase. At zero temperature the DSF in these models is dominated by a delta-function line arising from the coherent propagation of single particle modes. Using methods of integrable quantum field theory we determine the evolution of the lineshape at low temperatures. We show that the line shape is in general asymmetric in energy and becomes Lorentzian only at temperatures far below the gap. We discuss the relevance of our results for the analysis of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on gapped spin chain systems such as CsNiCl_3 and YBaNiO_5.
Fabian H. L. Essler; Robert M. Konik
Lower bounds to the spectral gap of Davies generators
We construct lower bounds to the spectral gap of a family of Lindblad generators known as Davies maps. These maps describe the thermalization of quantum systems weakly coupled to a heat bath. The steady state of these systems is given by the Gibbs distribution with respect to the system Hamiltonian. The bounds can be evaluated explicitly, when the eigenbasis and the spectrum of the Hamiltonian is known. A crucial assumption is that the spectrum of the Hamiltonian is non-degenerate. Furthermore, we provide a counterexample to the conjecture, that the convergence rate is always determined by the gap of the associated Pauli master equation. We conclude that the full dynamics of the Lindblad generator has to be considered. Finally, we present several physical example systems for which the bound to the spectral gap is evaluated.
Temme, Kristan [Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)] [Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)
2009 Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association (VPPPA) Presentation: Gaps in your Safety Program?
2009 Voluntary Protection Programs Participants' Association (VPPPA) Presentation: Gaps in your Safety Program?
The gender gap on concept inventories in physics: what is consistent, what is inconsistent, and what factors influence the gap?
We review the literature on the gender gap on concept inventories in physics. Across studies, men consistently score higher on pre-tests of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) by about 10%, and in most cases score higher on post-tests as well, also by about 10%. The average difference in normalized gain is about 6%. This difference is much smaller than the average difference in normalized gain between traditional lecture and interactive engagement (25%), but is large enough that it could impact the results of studies comparing the effectiveness of different teaching methods. Based on our analysis of 24 published articles comparing the impact of 34 factors that could potentially influence the gender gap, no single factor is sufficient to explain the gap. Several high-profile studies that have claimed to account for or reduce the gender gap have failed to be replicated, suggesting that isolated claims of explanations of the gender gap should be interpreted with ca...
Madsen, Adrian; Sayre, Eleanor C
Sub-10-nanometre metallic gaps for use in molecular electronics
gaps as small as sub-10 nm. Image from (8). Gaps can also be created by trapping gold nanoparticles between large-separation electrodes using an AC field, and then breaking the bridge by applying a large DC 5 1.2 Review of Related Work voltage (16... .3 Simmons Tunnelling Model grown QDs because their local environment is more stable. This susceptibility to electric fields will be apparent in our measurements, as discussed in 7.6. No matter the nature of the excitation, QDs may emit photons when...
Curtis, Kellye Suzanne
Rapidity gap survival in the black-disk regime
We summarize how the approach to the black-disk regime (BDR) of strong interactions at TeV energies influences rapidity gap survival in exclusive hard diffraction pp -> p + H + p (H = dijet, Qbar Q, Higgs). Employing a recently developed partonic description of such processes, we discuss (a) the suppression of diffraction at small impact parameters by soft spectator interactions in the BDR; (b) further suppression by inelastic interactions of hard spectator partons in the BDR; (c) correlations between hard and soft interactions. Hard spectator interactions substantially reduce the rapidity gap survival probability at LHC energies compared to previously reported estimates.
Leonid Frankfurt; Charles Hyde; Mark Strikman; Christian Weiss
Multi-gap high impedance plasma opening switch
A high impedance plasma opening switch having an anode and a cathode and at least one additional electrode placed between the anode and cathode is disclosed. The presence of the additional electrodes leads to the creation of additional plasma gaps which are in series, increasing the net impedance of the switch. An equivalent effect can be obtained by using two or more conventional plasma switches with their plasma gaps wired in series. Higher impedance switches can provide high current and voltage to higher impedance loads such as plasma radiation sources. 12 figs.
Mason, R.J.
A high impedance plasma opening switch having an anode and a cathode and at least one additional electrode placed between the anode and cathode. The presence of the additional electrodes leads to the creation of additional plasma gaps which are in series, increasing the net impedance of the switch. An equivalent effect can be obtained by using two or more conventional plasma switches with their plasma gaps wired in series. Higher impedance switches can provide high current and voltage to higher impedance loads such as plasma radiation sources.
Mason, Rodney J. (Los Alamos, NM)
The role of the energy gap in protein folding dynamics
The dynamics of folding of proteins is studied by means of a phenomenological master equation. The energy distribution is taken as a truncated exponential for the misfolded states plus a native state sitting below the continuum. The influence of the gap on the folding dynamics is studied, for various models of the transition probabilities between the different states of the protein. We show that for certain models, the relaxation to the native state is accelerated by increasing the gap, whereas for others it is slowed down .
Estelle Pitard; Henri Orland
START-GAP3/DLC3 is a GAP for RhoA and Cdc42 and is localized in focal adhesions regulating cell morphology
In the human genome there are three genes encoding RhoGAPs that contain the START (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer)-domain. START-GAP3/DLC3 is a tumor suppressor gene similar to two other human START-GAPs known as DLC1 or DLC2. Although expression of START-GAP3/DLC3 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, its molecular function is not well understood. In this study we carried out biochemical characterization of START-GAP3/DLC3, and explored the effects of its expression on cell morphology and intracellular localization. We found that START-GAP3/DLC3 serves as a stimulator of PLC{delta}1 and as a GAP for both RhoA and Cdc42 in vitro. Moreover, we found that the GAP activity is responsible for morphological changes. The intracellular localization of endogenous START-GAP3/DLC3 was explored by immunocytochemistry and was revealed in focal adhesions. These results indicate that START-GAP3/DLC3 has characteristics similar to other START-GAPs and the START-GAP family seems to share common characteristics.
Kawai, Katsuhisa; Kiyota, Minoru; Seike, Junichi; Deki, Yuko [Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo-ken 678-1297 (Japan); Yagisawa, Hitoshi [Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo-ken 678-1297 (Japan)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The CSU Graduation Initiative Closing the Achievement Gap
Graduation Initiative is part of the nationwide Access to Success project of the National Association to Graduation 7 #12;Tracking and Reporting Consistent evaluation of project results is a critical componentThe CSU Graduation Initiative Closing the Achievement Gap Executive Vice Chancellor Jeri Echeverria
Su, Xiao
"Charter and Code" Gap Analysis ANALYSIS FOR NORWAY
"Charter and Code" Gap Analysis ANALYSIS FOR NORWAY The European Charter for Researchers: Acceptable. The principle of research freedom is well-established in Norway. The committee refers for Research Ethics in Norway. #12;In recent years, issues of research ethics have received increasing
Johansen, Tom Henning
Topology of Local Health Officials' Advice Networks: Mind the Gaps
, evidence-based programs, and service delivery, and health care reform are innovations Author AffiliationsTopology of Local Health Officials' Advice Networks: Mind the Gaps Jacqueline Merrill, RN, MPH: To determine how a health officials' advice network might contribute to a high-performing public health systems
Sadeh, Norman M.
Abstract Local Reasoning for Concurrent Libraries: Mind the Gap
considerable work on combining lo- cal reasoning with abstraction. There are two main approaches. One approach, truly abstract reasoning of a tree module (such as DOM) works with predicates based on connecting treeMFPS 2014 Abstract Local Reasoning for Concurrent Libraries: Mind the Gap Philippa Gardner, Azalea
Gardner, Philippa
in the building industry and, to be effective, they need to be integrated into architectural design from, there is a lack of courses that allow for integrated building design through consideration of multiple performanceBRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BUILDING SCIENCE AND DESIGN STUDIOS KONSTANTINOS PAPAMICHAEL AND VINEETA
Thermal resistance gaps for solid breeder blankets using packed beds
The main design features of a new concept for solid breeder blanket thermal resistance gaps are described and analysis is shown for the blanket thermal characteristics. The effective thermal conductivity of a helium-beryllium packed bed configuration is studied, including the effect of a purge stream. Possible applications of this concept to ITER blanket designs are stressed.
Gorbis, Z.R.; Raffray, A.R.; Tillack, M.S.; Abdou, M.A.
Template strand scrunching during DNA gap repair synthesis by human polymerase [lamda
Family X polymerases such as DNA polymerase {lambda}(Pol {lambda}) are well suited for filling short gaps during DNA repair because they simultaneously bind both the 5{prime} and 3{prime} ends of short gaps. DNA binding and gap filling are well characterized for 1-nucleotide (nt) gaps, but the location of yet-to-be-copied template nucleotides in longer gaps is unknown. Here we present crystal structures revealing that, when bound to a 2-nt gap, Pol {lambda} scrunches the template strand and binds the additional uncopied template base in an extrahelical position within a binding pocket that comprises three conserved amino acids. Replacing these amino acids with alanine results in less processive gap filling and less efficient NHEJ when 2-nt gaps are involved. Thus, akin to scrunching by RNA polymerase during transcription initiation, scrunching occurs during gap filling DNA synthesis associated with DNA repair.
Garcia-Diaz, Miguel; Bebenek, Katarzyna; Larrea, Andres A.; Havener, Jody M.; Perera, Lalith; Krahn, Joseph M.; Pedersen, Lars C.; Ramsden, Dale A.; Kunkel, Thomas A.; (NIH); (UNC)
Smoothness of the Gap Function in the BCS-Bogoliubov Theory of Superconductivity
We deal with the gap equation in the BCS-Bogoliubov theory of superconductivity, where the gap function is a function of the temperature $T$ only. We show that the squared gap function is of class $C^2$ on the closed interval $[\\,0,\\,T_c\\,]$. Here, $T_c$ stands for the transition temperature. Furthermore, we show that the gap function is monotonically decreasing on $[0,\\,T_c]$ and obtain the behavior of the gap function at $T=T_c$. We mathematically point out some more properties of the gap function.
Shuji Watanabe
Closing the Culture Gap Between Academia and Industry | GE Global Research
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed New SubstationClean Communities of WesternVailCloistered JuneLabClosest Type
Air-Gap Convection in a Switched Reluctance Machine
Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) have recently become popular in the automotive market as they are a good alternative to the permanent magnet machines commonly employed for an electric powertrain. Lumped parameter thermal networks are usually used for thermal analysis of motors due to their low computational cost and relatively accurate results. A critical aspect to be modelled is the rotor-stator air-gap heat transfer, and this is particularly challenging in an SRM due to the salient pole geometry. This work presents firstly a review of the literature including the most relevant correlations for this geometry, and secondly, numerical CFD simulations of air-gap heat transfer for a typical configuration. A new correlation has been derived: $\\mathbf{Nu=0.181\\ Ta_m^{0.207}}$
Romanazzi, Pietro
The imaginary part of the gap function in color superconductivity
We clarify general properties of the energy gap regarding its functional dependence on the energy-momentum dictated by the invariance under a space inversion or a time reversal. Then we derive perturbatively the equation of the imaginary part of the gap function for dense QCD in weak coupling and generalize our results from 2SC case to CFL case. We confirm that the imaginary part is down by $g$ relative to the real part in weak coupling. The numerical results show that, up to the leading order, the imaginary part is no larger than one MeV at extremely large densities and can be as large as several MeV the densities are of physical interest.
Bo Feng; Defu Hou; Jiarong Li; Hai-cang Ren
Spark gap switch system with condensable dielectric gas
A spark gap switch system is disclosed which is capable of operating at a high pulse rate comprising an insulated switch housing having a purging gas entrance port and a gas exit port, a pair of spaced apart electrodes each having one end thereof within the housing and defining a spark gap therebetween, an easily condensable and preferably low molecular weight insulating gas flowing through the switch housing from the housing, a heat exchanger/condenser for condensing the insulating gas after it exits from the housing, a pump for recirculating the condensed insulating gas as a liquid back to the housing, and a heater exchanger/evaporator to vaporize at least a portion of the condensed insulating gas back into a vapor prior to flowing the insulating gas back into the housing.
Thayer, III, William J. (Kent, WA)
Valley pair qubits in double quantum dots of gapped graphene
The rise of graphene opens a new door to qubit implementation, as discussed in the recent proposal of valley pair qubits in double quantum dots of gapped graphene (Wu et al., arXiv: 1104.0443 [cond-mat.mes-hall]). The work here presents the comprehensive theory underlying the proposal. It discusses the interaction of electrons with external magnetic and electric fields in such structures. Specifically, it examines a strong, unique mechanism, i.e., the analogue of the 1st-order relativistic effect in gapped graphene. This mechanism is state mixing free and allows, together with the electrically tunable exchange coupling, a fast, all-electric manipulation of qubits via electric gates, in the time scale of ns. The work also looks into the issue of fault tolerance in a typical case, yielding at 10oK a long qubit coherence time (~O(ms)).
G. Y. Wu; N. -Y. Lue; L. Chang
Damping of lower hybrid waves in large spectral gap configurations
Extensive experimental data support reliable power deposition and current drive by lower-hybrid (LH) waves in conditions where a large spectral gap exists between the nominal parallel index of refraction prescribed by the antenna characteristics and phasing, and that required for significant Landau damping to take place. We argue that only a significant modification of the initial spectrum at the plasma edge could explain experimental observations. Based on this assumption, a new prescription for reliable simulations of LH current drive using ray-tracing and Fokker-Planck modelling is proposed. A remarkable agreement between experimental observations in the Tore Supra tokamak and simulations is obtained for relevant parametric scans, including electron density and LH waveguide phasing. In an effort to investigate the possible role of fluctuations, it is shown that the spectral gap can be bridged dynamically in the presence of a fluctuating LH spectrum.
Decker, J.; Peysson, Y.; Artaud, J.-F.; Nilsson, E.; Ekedahl, A.; Goniche, M.; Hillairet, J.; Mazon, D. [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance (France)
Entanglement vs. gap for one-dimensional spin systems
We study the relationship between entanglement and spectral gap for local Hamiltonians in one dimension. The area law for a one-dimensional system states that for the ground state, the entanglement of any interval is upper-bounded by a constant independent of the size of the interval. However, the possible dependence of the upper bound on the spectral gap {Delta} is not known, as the best known general upper bound is asymptotically much larger than the largest possible entropy of any model system previously constructed for small {Delta}. To help resolve this asymptotic behavior, we construct a family of one-dimensional local systems for which some intervals have entanglement entropy which is polynomial in 1/{Delta}, whereas previously studied systems had the entropy of all intervals bounded by a constant times log(1/{Delta}).
Hastings, Matthew [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Aharonov, Dorit [HEBREW UNIV; Gottesman, Daniel [PERIMETER INSTITUTE
Bridge Health Insurance Options ief gap in health
limitations to bear in mind: n denied health care coverage, you almost certainly won't qualify y at the end-800-304-0372 www.anthem.com and click on visitor and click on state. United Health Care at 1-888-545-5205 or visitBridge Health Insurance Options ief gap in health of coverage became seriously hurt or ill. That
Of horseshoes and heliotropes: Dynamics of dust in the Encke Gap M.M. Hedman a,
Of horseshoes and heliotropes: Dynamics of dust in the Encke Gap M.M. Hedman a, , J.A. Burns a located within the Cassini Division's Laplace Gap demonstrates ``heliotropic'' behavior: its geometric
Hamilton, Douglas P.
Variation of treefall gap characteristics in an East Texas bottomland hardwood forest: effects of microtopography
Treefall gaps, formed as a result of small-scale disturbances, allow seedling recruitment and growth in late-successional forests. Many factors contribute to gap regime heterogeneity within and among forest stands, including wind and fire patterns...
Almquist, Benjamin Eric
Hydraulically controlled magnetic bougienage for correction of long-gap esophageal atresia
About one in 4000 babies in the United States is born with their esophageal disconnected and separated by a gap, which is called esophageal atresia. Esophageal atresia with a relatively short gap can be directly corrected ...
Noh, Minkyun
Optical absorption and band gap reduction in (Fe1-xCrx)2O3 solid...
Optical absorption and band gap reduction in (Fe1-xCrx)2O3 solid solutions: A first-principles study. Optical absorption and band gap reduction in (Fe1-xCrx)2O3 solid solutions: A...
Fact #837: September 8, Gap between Net Imports and Total Imports...
7: September 8, Gap between Net Imports and Total Imports of Petroleum is Widening Fact 837: September 8, Gap between Net Imports and Total Imports of Petroleum is Widening Net...
Controlling electrode gap during vacuum arc remelting at low melting current
An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling electrode gap in a vacuum arc remelting furnace, particularly at low melting currents. Spectrographic analysis is performed of the metal vapor plasma, from which estimates of electrode gap are derived. 5 figs.
An apparatus and method for controlling electrode gap in a vacuum arc remelting furnace, particularly at low melting currents. Spectrographic analysis is performed of the metal vapor plasma, from which estimates of electrode gap are derived.
Erratum to ``How should gaps be treated in parsimony? A comparison of approaches using simulation"
Erratum Erratum to ``How should gaps be treated in parsimony? A comparison of approaches using)]. The three comparisons for treating gaps as unknown, fifth state character, and Simple Indel Coding are shownTrueTree TAA Fig. 3. Moving average lines of treating gaps as unknown, fifth state, and Simple Indel Coding
Rosenberg, Michael S.
OIKOS 101: 499504, 2003 Do seedlings in gaps interact? A field test of assumptions in ESS
OIKOS 101: 499504, 2003 Do seedlings in gaps interact? A field test of assumptions in ESS seed seedlings in gaps interact? A field test of assumptions in ESS seed size models. Oikos 101: 499504. ESS for the occupancy of `safe sites' or vegetation gaps. If mortality rates are high and/or frequency-independent, ESS
Silvertown, Jonathan
The Quasi-Distributed Gap Technique for Planar Inductors-Design Guidelines
The Quasi-Distributed Gap Technique for Planar Inductors-Design Guidelines Jiankun Hu C. R The Quasi-Distributed Gap Technique for Planar Inductors: Design Guidelines Jiankun Hu Charles R. Sullivan of low-permeability magnetic material to form a uniformly distributed gap can facilitate the design
Penetration of plasma into the wafer-focus ring gap in capacitively coupled plasmas
Penetration of plasma into the wafer-focus ring gap in capacitively coupled plasmas Natalia Y of capacitively coupled plasma reactors with a wafer-focus ring gap. The penetration of plasma generated species i.e., ions and radicals into the wafer-focus ring gap is discussed. We found that the penetration of plasma
Kushner, Mark
An Abelian Ward identity and the vertex corrections to the color superconducting gap
We derive an Abelian-like Ward identity in color superconducting phase and calculate vertex corrections to the color superconducting gap. Making use of the Ward identity, we show that subleading order contributions to the gap from vertices are absent for gapped excitations.
Hao-jie Xu; Qun Wang
Abstract. This work elucidates the measure-theoretical entropy and dimensions of a unimodal map with a horizontal gap. The measure-theoretical entropy and dimensions of the Ft (which is defined later)are shown to form a devil�s staircase structure with respect to the gap size t. Pesin�s formula for gap maps is also considered. 1.
Jung-chao Ban; Song-sun Lin
Line Rebuild, Relocation and Substation Projects
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-SeriesFlickrinformationPostdocsCenterCenter (LMI-EFRC) -PrinciplesLeeLindadefault
Direct control of air gap flux in permanent magnet machines
A method and apparatus for field weakening in PM machines uses field weakening coils (35, 44, 45, 71, 72) to produce flux in one or more stators (34, 49, 63, 64), including a flux which counters flux normally produced in air gaps between the stator(s) (34, 49, 63, 64) and the rotor (20, 21, 41, 61) which carries the PM poles. Several modes of operation are introduced depending on the magnitude and polarity of current in the field weakening coils (35, 44, 45, 71, 72). The invention is particularly useful for, but not limited to, the electric vehicle drives and PM generators.
Low-pressure spark gap triggered by an ion diode
Spark gap apparatus for use as an electric switch operating at high voltage, high current and high repetition rate. Mounted inside a housing are an anode, cathode and ion plate. An ionizable fluid is pumped through the chamber of the housing. A pulse of current to the ion plate causes ions to be emitted by the ion plate, which ions move into and ionize the fluid. Electric current supplied to the anode discharges through the ionized fluid and flows to the cathode. Current stops flowing when the current source has been drained. The ionized fluid recombines into its initial dielectric ionizable state. The switch is now open and ready for another cycle.
Prono, D.S.
Fermi velocity renormalization and dynamical gap generation in graphene
We study the renormalization of the Fermi velocity by the long-range Coulomb interactions between the charge carriers in the Dirac-cone approximation for the effective low-energy description of the electronic excitations in graphene at half filling. Solving the coupled system of Dyson-Schwinger equations for the dressing functions in the corresponding fermion propagator with various approximations for the particle-hole polarization we observe that Fermi velocity renormalization effects generally lead to a considerable increase of the critical coupling for dynamical gap generation and charge-density wave formation at the semimetal-insulator transition.
C. Popovici; C. S. Fischer; L. von Smekal
FAQS Gap Analysis Qualification Card - Industrial Hygiene | Department of
Energy Savers [EERE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector General Office of Audit|Department of Energy56Executive212-2012 June;'FAQ:Energy FAQS Gap
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recovery challenge fundProject8 -3EutecticMinding the Gap Makes for More
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium Oxide ThinIon CoolingSubstrateSubstrate-Induced Band-Gap
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystalline Gallium Oxide ThinIonSubstrate-Induced Band-Gap Opening in
Bridge the Gap 2014 --Guidance for Participants Requiring Level Access This level-access route is meant to accommodate Bridge the Gap participants using
or there is an alternative route in to the College theough the Golden Gate. There will be a steward on hand to assist. 12Bridge the Gap 2014 -- Guidance for Participants Requiring Level Access This level-access route is meant to accommodate Bridge the Gap participants using wheelchairs, mobility scooters and pushchairs
Travis, Adrian
Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps
The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations associated with Hanford Tank Wastes involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Knowledge of the physical and rheological properties of the waste is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. Previous efforts to compile and analyze the physical and rheological properties were updated with new results including information on solids composition and density, particle size distributions, slurry rheology, and particle settling behavior. The primary source of additional data is from a recent series of tests sponsored by the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. These tests involved an extensive suite of characterization and bench-scale process testing of 8 waste groups representing approximately 75% of the high-level waste mass expected to be processed through the WTP. Additional information on the morphology of the waste solids was also included. Based on the updated results, a gap analysis to identify gaps in characterization data, analytical methods and data interpretation was completed.
Kurath, Dean E.; Wells, Beric E.; Huckaby, James L.; Mahoney, Lenna A.; Daniel, Richard C.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Tingey, Joel M.; Cooley, Scott K.
Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps - 12078
The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations associated with Hanford Tank Wastes involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Knowledge of the physical and rheological properties of the waste is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. Previous efforts to compile and analyze the physical and rheological properties were updated with new results including information on solids composition and density, particle size distributions, slurry rheology, and particle settling behavior. The primary source of additional data is from a recent series of tests sponsored by the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). These tests involved an extensive suite of characterization and bench-scale process testing of 8 waste groups representing approximately 75% of the high-level waste mass expected to be processed through the WTP. Additional information on the morphology of the waste solids was also included. Based on the updated results, a gap analysis to identify gaps in characterization data, analytical methods and data interpretation was completed. (authors)
Kurath, D.E.; Wells, B.E.; Huckaby, J.L.; Mahoney, L.A.; Daniel, R.C.; Burns, C.A.; Tingey, J.M.; Cooley, S.K. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PO Box 999, Richland WA 99352 (United States)
Method of Controlling Corona Effects and Breakdown Voltage of Small Air Gaps Stressed by Impulse Voltages
This paper investigates the influence of a resistor on the dielectric behavior of an air gap. The resistor is connected in series with the air gap and the latter is stressed by impulse voltage. Air gap arrangements of different geometry with either the rod or the plate grounded are stressed with impulse voltages of both positive and negative polarity. The resistor is connected in series with the air gap in the return circuit connecting the gap with the impulse generator. The method followed involves the investigation of the graphs of the charging time concerning the air gaps capacitances, in connection to the value of the resistor, the geometry of the gap, the effect of grounding and the polarity effect. It is determined that the charging time of the air gap increases, as the value of the resistor increases. It is also determined that the peak voltage value of the fully charged air gap decreases as the value of the resistor increases. The results of the mathematical and simulation analysis are compared with the results of the oscillograms taken from experimental work. In addition and consequently to the above results it is concluded from the experimental work that the in series connection of the resistor in the circuit has significant influence on corona pulses (partial discharges) occurring in the gap and on the breakdown voltage of the gap. A new method of controlling the corona effects and consequently the breakdown voltage of small air gaps stressed by impulse voltage of short duration in connection to the ground effect and the polarity effect has arisen. Furthermore through mathematical analysis of the charging graphs obtained from simulation and experimental oscillograms there was a calculation of the values of the capacitance of the air gaps in relation to their geometry and the results were compared to the values calculated with mathematical analysis.
Athanasios Maglaras; Trifon Kousiouris; Frangiskos Topalis; Dimitrios Katsaros; Leandros A. Maglaras; Konstantina Giannakopoulou
Mind the Gap: Supersymmetry Breaking in Scaling, Microstate Geometries
We use a multi-species supertube solution to construct an example of a scaling microstate geometry for non-BPS black rings in five dimensions. We obtain the asymptotic charges of the microstate geometry and show how the solution is related to the corresponding non-BPS black ring. The supersymmetry is broken in a very controlled manner using holonomy and this enables a close comparison with a scaling, BPS microstate geometry. Requiring that there are no closed time-like curves near the supertubes places additional restrictions on the moduli space of physical, non-BPS solutions when compared to their BPS analogs. For large holonomy the scaling non-BPS solution always has closed time-like curves while for smaller holonomy there is a "gap" in the non-BPS moduli space relative to the BPS counterpart.
Orestis Vasilakis; Nicholas P. Warner
Voltage-matched, monolithic, multi-band-gap devices
Monolithic, tandem, photonic cells include at least a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer, wherein each semiconductor layer includes an n-type region, a p-type region, and a given band-gap energy. Formed within each semiconductor layer is a sting of electrically connected photonic sub-cells. By carefully selecting the numbers of photonic sub-cells in the first and second layer photonic sub-cell string(s), and by carefully selecting the manner in which the sub-cells in a first and second layer photonic sub-cell string(s) are electrically connected, each of the first and second layer sub-cell strings may be made to achieve one or more substantially identical electrical characteristics.
Wanlass, Mark W.; Mascarenhas, Angelo
Annular gap solitons in Kerr media with circular gratings
We introduce standing-light patterns trapped in a Bragg grating written along the radial direction in a self-focusing (SF) or self-defocusing (SDF) optical medium. Unlike previously studied axisymmetric settings that deal with the axial propagation, we consider the propagation of light in the radial directions (outward and inward), which may give rise to annular gap solitons (AGSs), supported by the circular grating. An estimate for the threshold of the modulational instability of the AGS against azimuthal perturbations in the SF medium is obtained analytically, and verified by direct simulations. In the SDF model, stable annular and dipole solitons are found in a numerical form, while multipole patterns and vortex rings are unstable. Similar solitons are possible in the Bose-Einstein condensate.
Scheuer, Jacob [School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel); Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel); Malomed, Boris [School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 (Israel)
Voltage-Matched, Monolithic, Multi-Band-Gap Devices
Monolithic, tandem, photonic cells include at least a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer, wherein each semiconductor layer includes an n-type region, a p-type region, and a given band-gap energy. Formed within each semiconductor layer is a string of electrically connected photonic sub-cells. By carefully selecting the numbers of photonic sub-cells in the first and second layer photonic sub-cell string(s), and by carefully selecting the manner in which the sub-cells in a first and second layer photonic sub-cell string(s) are electrically connected, each of the first and second layer sub-cell strings may be made to achieve one or more substantially identical electrical characteristics.
Wanlass, M. W.; Mascarenhas, A.
Thermal performance simulation of a solar cavity receiver under windy conditions
Solar cavity receiver plays a dominant role in the light-heat conversion. Its performance can directly affect the efficiency of the whole power generation system. A combined calculation method for evaluating the thermal performance of the solar cavity receiver is raised in this paper. This method couples the Monte-Carlo method, the correlations of the flow boiling heat transfer, and the calculation of air flow field. And this method can ultimately figure out the surface heat flux inside the cavity, the wall temperature of the boiling tubes, and the heat loss of the solar receiver with an iterative solution. With this method, the thermal performance of a solar cavity receiver, a saturated steam receiver, is simulated under different wind environments. The highest wall temperature of the boiling tubes is about 150 C higher than the water saturation temperature. And it appears in the upper middle parts of the absorbing panels. Changing the wind angle or velocity can obviously affect the air velocity inside the receiver. The air velocity reaches the maximum value when the wind comes from the side of the receiver (flow angle {alpha} = 90 ). The heat loss of the solar cavity receiver also reaches a maximum for the side-on wind. (author)
Fang, J.B.; Wei, J.J.; Dong, X.W.; Wang, Y.S. [State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China)
Gap symmetries from the neighbor coupling in square-lattice superconductors
The gap symmetries of superconductivity are studied in this work. It is found that the gap symmetries are simply determined by the 4-fold rotational symmetries of the coupling potential on neighbor sites. A local on-site coupling potential results in the on-site pairing with the conventional s-wave symmetry, but a coupling potential between the nearest neighbors or the next-nearest neighbors results in the pairing on neighbor sites with the $s^-$, $d_{x^2-y^2}$, $d_{xy}$, or $s_{x^2y^2}$ gap symmetries. It is proved that both isotropic and anisotropic gap functions are allowed by the 4-fold rotational symmetries of the coupling potential. Finally a numerical computation is performed to demonstrate the gap symmetries. This neighbor coupling provides a unified picture for the gap functions of the conventional and the high Tc superconductivity.
W. Liming
Single-junction solar cells with the optimum band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications
A single-junction solar cell having the ideal band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications. Computer modeling studies of single-junction solar cells have shown that the presence of absorption bands in the direct spectrum has the effect of "pinning" the optimum band gap for a wide range of operating conditions at a value of 1.14.+-.0.02 eV. Efficiencies exceeding 30% may be possible at high concentration ratios for devices with the ideal band gap.
Wanlass, Mark W. (Golden, CO)
A Survey of Gaps, Obstacles, and Technical Challenges for Hypersonic Applications.
?? The object of this study is to canvas the literature for the purpose of identifying and compiling a list of Gaps, Obstacles, and Technological� (more)
Barber, Timothy Andrew
A database for the study of marine mammal behavior: Gap analysis, data standardization, and future directions
Gap Analysis, Data Standardization, and Future Directionsdata, and 3) lack of standardization in data re- porting. Awas the lack of standardization and/or presentation of
Shaffer, S A; Costa, Daniel P
Stationary Fuel Cell Application Codes and Standards: Overview and Gap Analysis
This report provides an overview of codes and standards related to stationary fuel cell applications and identifies gaps and resolutions associated with relative codes and standards.
Blake, C. W.; Rivkin, C. H.
When is a Gap Function Good for Error Bounds? 1 Introduction and ...
the gap function and its Fukushima type regularization for GVI and WGVI. ... function for GVI and also regularize it along the lines of Fukushima [10] and show
Previous studies of civil-military gap have argued that the difference in values, perspectives, and opinions between civilians and the military matters because it determines military effectiveness, but empirical analyses ...
Lee, Byeonggu
Modeling of Photonic Band Gap Crystals and Applications
In this work, the authors have undertaken a theoretical approach to the complex problem of modeling the flow of electromagnetic waves in photonic crystals. The focus is to address the feasibility of using the exciting phenomena of photonic gaps (PBG) in actual applications. The authors start by providing analytical derivations of the computational electromagnetic methods used in their work. They also present a detailed explanation of the physics underlying each approach, as well as a comparative study of the strengths and weaknesses of each method. The Plane Wave expansion, Transfer Matrix, and Finite Difference time Domain Methods are addressed. They also introduce a new theoretical approach, the Modal Expansion Method. They then shift the attention to actual applications. They begin with a discussion of 2D photonic crystal wave guides. The structure addressed consists of a 2D hexagonal structure of air cylinders in a layered dielectric background. Comparison with the performance of a conventional guide is made, as well as suggestions for enhancing it. The studies provide an upper theoretical limit on the performance of such guides, as they assumed no crystal imperfections and non-absorbing media. Next, they study 3D metallic PBG materials at near infrared and optical wavelengths. The main objective is to study the importance of absorption in the metal and the suitability of observing photonic band gaps in such structures. They study simple cubic structures where the metallic scatters are either cubes or interconnected metallic rods. Several metals are studied (aluminum, gold, copper, and silver). The effect of topology is addressed and isolated metallic cubes are found to be less lossy than the connected rod structures. The results reveal that the best performance is obtained by choosing metals with a large negative real part of the dielectric function, together with a relatively small imaginary part. Finally, they point out a new direction in photonic crystal research that involves the interplay of metallic-PBG rejection and photonic band edge absorption. They propose that an absolute metallic-PBG may be used to suppress the infrared part of the blackbody emission and, emit its energy only through a sharp absorption band. Potential applications of this new PBG mechanism include highly efficient incandescent lamps and enhanced thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. The suggested lamp would be able to recycle the energy that would otherwise go into the unwanted heat associated with usual lamps, into light emitted in the visible spectrum. It is estimated this would increase the efficiency over conventional lamps by about 40%.
Ihab Fathy El-Kady
Correlation Energy and Entanglement Gap in Continuous Models
Our goal is to clarify the relation between entanglement and correlation energy in a bipartite system with infinite dimensional Hilbert space. To this aim we consider the completely solvable Moshinsky's model of two linearly coupled harmonic oscillators. Also for small values of the couplings the entanglement of the ground state is nonlinearly related to the correlation energy, involving logarithmic or algebraic corrections. Then, looking for witness observables of the entanglement, we show how to give a physical interpretation of the correlation energy. In particular, we have proven that there exists a set of separable states, continuously connected with the Hartree-Fock state, which may have a larger overlap with the exact ground state, but also a larger energy expectation value. In this sense, the correlation energy provides an entanglement gap, i.e. an energy scale, under which measurements performed on the 1-particle harmonic sub-system can discriminate the ground state from any other separated state of the system. However, in order to verify the generality of the procedure, we have compared the energy distribution cumulants for the 1-particle harmonic sub-system of the Moshinsky's model with the case of a coupling with a damping Ohmic bath at 0 temperature.
L. Martina; G. Ruggeri; G. Soliani
Bridging the Gap Between BusinessBridging the Gap Between BusinessBridging the Gap Between BusinessBridging the Gap Between Business Process Models and ServiceProcess Models and ServiceProcess Models and ServiceProcess Models and Service
Bridging the Gap Between Business Process Models and ServiceProcess Models and ServiceProcess Models and Service of the major reasons for this deficiency is the gap that exists between business process models on the one hand a flexible approach for aligning business process models with workflow specifications. In order to maintain
Ulm, Universität
Beam dynamics of a double-gap acceleration cell for ion implantation with multiple atomic species
As a result of our work on ion implantation, we derived equations for the beam dynamics of a two-gap-resonator cavity for accelerating and bunching various ion species of varying energies with the cavity designed for one particular ion species of a given energy (the design-reference particle). A two gap structure is useful at low resonant frequencies where lumped circuit elements (inductors) can be used and the structure kept small. A single gap structure has the advantage that each gap can be independently phased to produce the desired beam dynamics behavior for various ion species and ion energies. However at low frequencies, single gap resonant structures can be large. We find that the two-gap structure, where the phase difference between gaps, for the design reference particle, is fixed at {pi} radians can give acceptable performance provided that the individual two gap cells in the entire accelerator are optimized for the ion species having the largest mass to charge ratio and having the maximum required output energy. Our equations show how to adjust the cavity phases and electric fields to obtain equivalent first-order accelerator performance for various ion species and energies. These equations allow for the effective evaluation of various accelerator concepts and can facilitate the tuning of a linac when changing energies and ion species. Extensive simulations have confirmed the efficacy of our equations. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}
Wadlinger, E.A.; Lysenko, W.P.; Rusnak, B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Saadatmand, K. [Eaton Corporation, Semiconductor Equipment Operation, 108 Cherry Hill Drive, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915 (United States)
Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons Melinda Y. Han,1
, New York, New York 10027, USA 2 Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons Melinda Y. Han,1 Barbaros O¨ zyilmaz,2 Yuanbo an energy gap near the charge neutrality point. Individual graphene layers are contacted with metal
Kim, Philip
Light trapping design for low band-gap polymer solar cells
Light trapping design for low band-gap polymer solar cells Stephen Foster1,* and Sajeev John1,2 1 demonstrate numerically a 2-D nanostructured design for light trapping in a low band-gap polymer solar cell, "Light harvesting improvement of organic solar cells with self- enhanced active layer designs," Opt
John, Sajeev
Analyzing the Performance of a Multiobjective GA-P Algorithm for Learning Fuzzy Queries in
Analyzing the Performance of a Multiobjective GA-P Algorithm for Learning Fuzzy Queries in a Machine Learning Environment Oscar Cord´on1 , Enrique Herrera-Viedma1 , Mar´ia Luque1 , F´elix de Moya2- tionary algorithms (EAs) [1], such as genetic algorithm-programming (GA-P) [11] or simulated annealing
Fernandez, Thomas
MODELING PLANT COMPETITION WITH THE GAPS OBJECT-ORIENTED DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODEL David G. Rossiter of Agronomy, Inc. #12;MODELING PLANT COMPETITION WITH THE GAPS OBJECT-ORIENTED DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODEL Abstract Modeling inter-species competition is a natural application for dynamic simulation models
Rossiter, D G "David"
EA-1671: Big River Substation to Poston Substation 69-Kilovolt Transmission Line Project, Arizona and California
The Department of the Interior�s Bureau of Indian Affairs considered preparing this EA, with DOE�s Western Area Power Administration as a cooperating agency. This project has been canceled.
Thermal-hydraulic and structural considerations on the gap variation between fuel bundle and hexcan
One of the safety concerns in reactor operation is the temperature of the fuel elements, which are contained in a hexagonal duct, referred to as the hexcan. There are gaps between the fuel bundle and the hexcan, and the gaps somewhat affect thermal-hydraulic behavior of the fuel element. This paper investigates the impact of gap variations on the thermal-hydraulic responses of the fuel element as well as the possibility of fuel bundle and hexcan interaction. The gap variation between hex duct and fuel bundle is caused by differential thermal expansion, creep strain, and irradiation-induced swelling of fuel-cladding and hex duct, and it is a function of fuel burnup. The effects of gap variations on the thermal-hydraulic responses of typical driver subassemblies in the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-II) are investigated. A structural analysis was performed to predict the in-reactor deformation behavior of fuel bundle and hex duct, and followed by a thermal-hydraulic analysis to determine the flow and temperature response due to gap changes. The effects of geometry variation on the thermal-hydraulic response are discussed. The study indicates that the effect of gap variation should not be ignored for subassembly designs.
Chang, L.K.; Lee, M.J.; Ku, J.Y.
Efficient Computation of Info-Gap Robustness for Finite Element Models
A recent research effort at LANL proposed info-gap decision theory as a framework by which to measure the predictive maturity of numerical models. Info-gap theory explores the trade-offs between accuracy, that is, the extent to which predictions reproduce the physical measurements, and robustness, that is, the extent to which predictions are insensitive to modeling assumptions. Both accuracy and robustness are necessary to demonstrate predictive maturity. However, conducting an info-gap analysis can present a formidable challenge, from the standpoint of the required computational resources. This is because a robustness function requires the resolution of multiple optimization problems. This report offers an alternative, adjoint methodology to assess the info-gap robustness of Ax = b-like numerical models solved for a solution x. Two situations that can arise in structural analysis and design are briefly described and contextualized within the info-gap decision theory framework. The treatments of the info-gap problems, using the adjoint methodology are outlined in detail, and the latter problem is solved for four separate finite element models. As compared to statistical sampling, the proposed methodology offers highly accurate approximations of info-gap robustness functions for the finite element models considered in the report, at a small fraction of the computational cost. It is noted that this report considers only linear systems; a natural follow-on study would extend the methodologies described herein to include nonlinear systems.
Stull, Christopher J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hemez, Francois M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Williams, Brian J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Design, conditioning, and performance of a high voltage, high brightness dc photoelectron gun with variable gap
A new high voltage photoemission gun has been constructed at Cornell University which features a segmented insulator and a movable anode, allowing the cathode-anode gap to be adjusted. In this work, we describe the gun's overall mechanical and high voltage design, the surface preparation of components, as well as the clean construction methods. We present high voltage conditioning data using a 50 mm cathode-anode gap, in which the conditioning voltage exceeds 500 kV, as well as at smaller gaps. Finally, we present simulated emittance results obtained from a genetic optimization scheme using voltage values based on the conditioning data. These results indicate that for charges up to 100 pC, a 30 mm gap at 400 kV has equal or smaller 100% emittance than a 50 mm gap at 450 kV, and also a smaller core emittance, when placed as the source for the Cornell energy recovery linac photoinjector with bunch length constrained to be <3 ps rms. For 100 pC up to 0.5 nC charges, the 50 mm gap has larger core emittance than the 30 mm gap, but conversely smaller 100% emittance.
Maxson, Jared; Bazarov, Ivan; Dunham, Bruce; Dobbins, John; Liu, Xianghong; Smolenski, Karl [Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States)
Thin plate gap bridging study for Nd:YAG pulsed laser lap welds.
In an on going study of gap bridging for thin plate Nd:YAG laser lap welds, empirical data, high speed imaging, and computer modeling were utilized to better understand surface physics attributed to the formation and solidification of a weld pool. Experimental data indicates better gap bridging can be achieved through optimized laser parameters such as pulse length, duration, and energy. Long pulse durations at low energies generating low peak powers were found to create the highest percent of gap bridging ability. At constant peak power, gap-bridging ability was further improved by using a smaller spot diameter resulting in higher irradiances. Hence, welding in focus is preferable for bridging gaps. Gas shielding was also found to greatly impact gap-bridging ability. Gapped lap welds that could not be bridged with UHP Argon gas shielding, were easily bridged when left unshielded and exposed to only air. Incident weld angle and joint offset were also investigated for their ability to improve gap bridging. Optical filters and brightlight surface illumination enabled high-speed imaging to capture the fluid dynamics of a forming and solidifying weld pool. The effects of various laser parameters and the weld pool's interaction with the laser beam could also be observed utilizing the high-speed imaging. The work described is used to develop and validate a computer model with improved weld pool physics. Finite element models have been used to derive insight into the physics of gap bridging. The dynamics of the fluid motion within the weld pool in conjunction with the free surface physics have been the primary focus of the modeling efforts. Surface tension has been found to be a more significant factor in determining final weld pool shape than expected.
Roach, Robert Allen; Fuerschbach, Phillip William; Bernal, John E.; Norris, Jerome T.
Defect assistant band alignment transition from staggered to broken gap in mixed As/Sb tunnel field effect transistor heterostructure
.3As heterointerface. As a result, the band alignment was converted from staggered gap to broken gap-to-source voltage, VGS. As the SS of a MOSFET is governed by the transport mechanism of thermionic-emission over
Yener, Aylin
Electrochemical Waves on Patterned Surfaces: Propagation through Narrow Gaps and Konstantin Agladze, Stephanie Thouvenel-Romans, and Oliver Steinbock*
Electrochemical Waves on Patterned Surfaces: Propagation through Narrow Gaps and Channels propagation through narrow gaps and long channels. In channels, the wave velocity decreases with decreasing dynamically similar phenomena such as propagating fronts, target patterns, and rotating spiral waves. Pattern
Steinbock, Oliver
On the entropy devil's staircase in a family of gap-tent maps
We analyze dynamical properties of a "gap-tent map" - a family of 1D maps with a symmetric gap, which mimics the presence of noise in physical realizations of chaotic systems. We demonstrate that the dependence of the topological entropy on the size of the gap has a structure of the devil's staircase. By integrating over a fractal measure, we obtain analytical, piece-wise differentiable approximations of this dependence. Applying concepts of the kneading theory we find the position and the values of the entropy for all leading entropy plateaus. Similar properties hold also for the dependence of the fractal dimension of the invariant set and the escape rate.
Karol Zyczkowski; Erik M. Bollt
Theorem on the existence of a nonzero energy gap in adiabatic quantum computation
Adiabatic quantum computation, based on the adiabatic theorem, is a promising alternative to conventional quantum computation. The validity of an adiabatic algorithm depends on the existence of a nonzero energy gap between the ground and excited states. However, it is difficult to ascertain the exact value of the energy gap. In this paper, we put forward a theorem on the existence of nonzero energy gap for the Hamiltonians used in adiabatic quantum computation. It can help to effectively identify a large class of the Hamiltonians without energy-level crossing between the ground and excited states.
Da-Jian Zhang; Xiao-Dong Yu; D. M. Tong
A single-junction solar cell is described having the ideal band gap for terrestrial concentrator applications. Computer modeling studies of single-junction solar cells have shown that the presence of absorption bands in the direct spectrum has the effect of ''pinning'' the optimum band gap for a wide range of operating conditions at a value of 1.14[+-]0.02 eV. Efficiencies exceeding 30% may be possible at high concentration ratios for devices with the ideal band gap. 7 figures.
Wanlass, M.W.
GAP-independent termination of photoreceptor light response by excess gamma subunit of the cGMP-phosphodiesterase
of photoreceptor signal termination. Invest Oph- thalmol VisMolecular GAP-Independent Termination of Photoreceptor Light
The microscopic pairing gap in a slab of nuclear matter for the Argonne v18 NN-potential
Ab initio gap equation for ^1S_0 pairing in a nuclear slab is solved for the Argonne v18 NN-potential. The gap function is compared in detail with the one found previously for the separable form of the Paris potential. The difference between the two gaps turned out to be about 10%. Dependence of the gap on the chemical potential mu is analyzed.
S. S. Pankratov; M. Baldo; U. Lombardo; E. E. Saperstein; M. V. Zverev; ;
Fact #837: September 8, 2014 Gap between Net Imports and Total Imports of Petroleum is Widening � Dataset
Excel file with dataset for Fact #837: Gap between Net Imports and Total Imports of Petroleum is Widening
OPTIMIZATION OF GRADED BAND GAP CdHgTe SOLAR CELLS A. BOUAZZI (*), Y. MARFAING and J. MIMILA-ARROYO
145 OPTIMIZATION OF GRADED BAND GAP CdHgTe SOLAR CELLS A. BOUAZZI (*), Y. MARFAING and J. MIMILA and an n-type CdHgTe alloy of uniform band gap as the base region. The optimization of solar energy conversion is conducted with respect to two constitutive para- meters : the gradient of the band gap
Boyer, Edmond
Direct gap photoluminescence of n-type tensile-strained Ge-on-Si
Room temperature direct gap photoluminescence (PL) was observed from n-type tensile-strained epitaxial Ge-on-Si. The PL intensity increases with n-type doping due to a higher electron population in the direct ? valley as ...
Sun, Xiaochen
Large inherent optical gain from the direct gap transition of Ge thin films
The recent demonstration of Ge-on-Si diode lasers renews the interest in the unique carrier dynamics of Ge involving both direct (?) and indirect (L) valleys. Here, we report a large inherent direct gap optical gain ...
Wang, Xiaoxin
Codes and Standards Gap Analysis Helps DOE Define Research Priorities (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes NREL's accomplishments in analyzing gaps in codes and standards for alternative vehicle fuels, including hydrogen. Work was performed by the Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center.
Aerodynamic drag reduction apparatus for gap-divided bluff bodies such as tractor-trailers
An apparatus for reducing the aerodynamic drag of a bluff-bodied vehicle such as a tractor-trailer in a flowstream, the bluff-bodied vehicle of a type having a leading portion, a trailing portion connected to the leading portion, and a gap between the leading and trailing portions defining a recirculation zone. The apparatus is preferably a baffle assembly, such as a vertical panel, adapted to span a width of the gap between the leading and trailing portions so as to impede cross-flow through the gap, with the span of the baffle assembly automatically adjusting for variations in the gap width when the leading and trailing portions pivot relative to each other.
Ortega, Jason M. (Pacifica, CA); Salari, Kambiz (Livermore, CA)
Band gap and electronic structure of MgSiN{sub 2}
Density functional theory calculations and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that the electronic structure of ordered orthorhombic MgSiN{sub 2} is similar to that of wurtzite AlN. A band gap of 5.7?eV was calculated for both MgSiN{sub 2} (indirect) and AlN (direct) using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof approximation. Correction with respect to the experimental room-temperature band gap of AlN indicates that the true band gap of MgSiN{sub 2} is 6.2?eV. MgSiN{sub 2} has an additional direct gap of 6.3?eV at the ? point.
Quirk, J. B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; R�sander, M.; McGilvery, C. M.; Moram, M. A. [Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Palgrave, R. [Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ (United Kingdom)
E-Print Network 3.0 - atlas thin gap Sample Search Results
First Result of Global Commissioning of the ATALS Endcap Muon Trigger System in ATLAS Cavern Summary: on the ATLAS commissioning run from the view point of the Thin Gap Chamber...
Molten Carbonate and Phosphoric Acid Stationary Fuel Cells: Overview and Gap Analysis
Fuel Cell Technologies Publication and Product Library (EERE)
This report details technical and cost gap analyses of molten carbonate fuel cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell stationary fuel cell power plants and identifies pathways for reducing costs.
A novel white-light scanning interferometer for absolute nano-scale gap thickness measurement
This paper presents a special configuration of white-light scanning interferometer, in which the measured gap is not located in any interference arm of the interferometer, but acts as an amplitude-and-phase modulator of ...
Xu, Zhiguang
E-Print Network 3.0 - auditory gap detection Sample Search Results
Sample search results for: auditory gap detection Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Exp Brain Res (2005) 162: 172180 DOI 10.1007s00221-004-2128-2 Summary: what you hear: auditory...
Photonic band gap of a graphene-embedded quarter-wave stack
Here, we present a mechanism for tailoring the photonic band structure of a quarter-wave stack without changing its physical periods by embedding conductive sheets. Graphene is utilized and studied as a realistic, two-dimensional conductive sheet. In a graphene-embedded quarter-wave stack, the synergic actions of Bragg scattering and graphene conductance contributions open photonic gaps at the center of the reduced Brillouin zone that are nonexistent in conventional quarter-wave stacks. Such photonic gaps show giant, loss-independent density of optical states at the fixed lower-gap edges, of even-multiple characteristic frequency of the quarter-wave stack. The conductive sheet-induced photonic gaps provide a platform for the enhancement of light-matter interactions.
Fan, Yuancheng [Ames Laboratory; Wei, Zeyong [Tongji University; Li, Hongqiang [Tongji University; Chen, Hong [Tongji University; Soukoulis, Costas M [Ames Laboratory
Developing Secure Power Systems Professional Competence: Alignment and Gaps in Workforce Development Programs�Summary Report
This document is a summarization of the report, Developing Secure Power Systems Professional Competence: Alignment and Gaps in Workforce Development Programs, the final report for phase 2 of the SPSP (DOE workforce study) project.
O'Neil, Lori Ross; Assante, Michael; Tobey, D. H.; Conway, T. J.; Vanderhorst, Jr, T. J.; Januszewski, III, J.; Leo, R.; Perman, K.
Procedures for Filling Short Gaps in Energy Use and Weather Data
Filling short gaps (a few hours) in hourly energy use and weather data can be useful for (i) retrofit savings analysis and calculation, and for (ii) diagnostic purposes. The paper evaluates four methods for rehabilitating short periods of missing...
Chen, H.; Claridge, D. E.
Tunable frequency band-gap and pulse propagation in a strongly nonlinear diatomic chain
One-dimensional nonlinear phononic crystals have been assembled from periodic diatomic chains of stainless steel cylinders alternated with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) spheres. We report the presence of acoustic band gaps in the dispersion relation of the linearized systems and study the transformation of single and multiple pulses in linear, nonlinear and strongly nonlinear regimes with numerical calculations and experiments. The limiting frequencies of the band gap are within the audible frequency range (20-20,000 Hz) and can be tuned by varying the particle's material properties, mass and initial compression. Pulses rapidly transform within very short distances from the impacted end due to the influence of the band gap in the linear and in nonlinear elastic chains. The effects of an in situ band gap created by a mean dynamic compression are observed in the strongly nonlinear wave regime.
E. B. Herbold; J. Kim; V. F. Nesterenko; S. Wang; C. Daraio
Calculation of wakefields in a 17 GHz beam-driven photonic band-gap accelerator structure
We present the theoretical analysis and computer simulation of the wakefields in a 17 GHz photonic band-gap (PBG) structure for accelerator applications. Using the commercial code CST Particle Studio, the fundamental ...
Hu, Min
Extended variational approach to the SU(2) mass gap on the lattice
The linear [delta] expansion is applied to a calculation of the SU(2) mass gap on the lattice. Our results compare favorably with the strong-coupling expansion and are in good agreement with recent Monte Carlo estimates.
Akeyo, J.O. (Physics Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya (Kenya)); Jones, H.F.; Parker, C.S. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BZ (United Kingdom))
This report describes the technical and cost gap analysis performed to identify pathways for reducing the costs of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) stationary fuel cell power plants.
Remick, R.; Wheeler, D.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air gaps size Sample Search Results
; Biology and Medicine 4 Abstract--This paper presents a model of large air gap transformer composed of two E cores. Approach is based on the Summary: are sufficient to allow...
Thermophotovoltaic conversion using selective infrared line emitters and large band gap photovoltaic devices
Efficient thermophotovoltaic conversion can be performed using photovoltaic devices with a band gap in the 0.75-1.4 electron volt range, and selective infrared emitters chosen from among the rare earth oxides which are thermally stimulated to emit infrared radiation whose energy very largely corresponds to the aforementioned band gap. It is possible to use thermovoltaic devices operating at relatively high temperatures, up to about 300.degree. C., without seriously impairing the efficiency of energy conversion.
Brandhorst, Jr., Henry W. (Auburn, AL); Chen, Zheng (Auburn, AL)
TBC-Domain GAPs for Rab GTPases Accelerate GTP Hydrolysis by a Dual-Finger Mechanism
Rab GTPases regulate membrane trafficking by cycling between inactive (GDP-bound) and active (GTP-bound) conformations. The duration of the active state is limited by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerate the slow intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis. Proteins containing TBC (Tre-2, Bub2 and Cdc16) domains are broadly conserved in eukaryotic organisms and function as GAPs for Rab GTPases as well as GTPases that control cytokinesis. An exposed arginine residue is a critical determinant of GAP activity in vitro and in vivo. It has been expected that the catalytic mechanism of TBC domains would parallel that of Ras and Rho family GAPs. Here we report crystallographic, mutational and functional analyses of complexes between Rab GTPases and the TBC domain of Gyp1p. In the crystal structure of a TBC-domain-Rab-GTPase-aluminium fluoride complex, which approximates the transition-state intermediate for GTP hydrolysis, the TBC domain supplies two catalytic residues in trans, an arginine finger analogous to Ras/Rho family GAPs and a glutamine finger that substitutes for the glutamine in the DxxGQ motif of the GTPase. The glutamine from the Rab GTPase does not stabilize the transition state as expected but instead interacts with the TBC domain. Strong conservation of both catalytic fingers indicates that most TBC-domain GAPs may accelerate GTP hydrolysis by a similar dual-finger mechanism.
Pan,X.; Eathiraj, S.; Lambright, D.
On the gap-opening criterion of migrating planets in protoplanetary disks
We perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to quantitatively explore the torque balance criterion for gap-opening (as formulated by Crida et al. 2006) in a variety of disks when considering a migrating planet. We find that even when the criterion is satisfied, there are instances when planets still do not open gaps. We stress that gap-opening is not only dependent on whether a planet has the ability to open a gap, but whether it can do so quickly enough. This can be expressed as an additional condition on the gap-opening timescale versus the crossing time, i.e. the time it takes the planet to cross the region which it is carving out. While this point has been briefly made in the previous literature, our results quantify it for a range of protoplanetary disk properties and planetary masses, demonstrating how crucial it is for gap-opening. This additional condition has important implications for the survival of planets formed by core accretion in low mass disks as well as giant planets or brown dwarf...
Malik, Matej; Mayer, Lucio; Meyer, Michael R
Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
By carrying out two-dimensional two-fluid global simulations, we have studied the response of dust to gap formation by a single planet in the gaseous component of a protoplanetary disk - the so-called "dust filtration" mechanism. We have found that a gap opened by a giant planet at 20 AU in a \\alpha=0.01, \\dot{M}=10^{-8} Msun/yr disk can effectively stop dust particles larger than 0.1 mm drifting inwards, leaving a sub-millimeter dust cavity/hole. However, smaller particles are difficult to filter by a planet-induced gap due to 1) dust diffusion, and 2) a high gas accretion velocity at the gap edge. An analytic model is also derived to understand what size particles can be filtered by the gap edge. Finally, with our updated understanding of dust filtration, we have computed Monte-Carlo radiative transfer models with variable dust size distributions to generate the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of disks with gaps. By comparing with transitional disk observations (e.g. GM Aur), we have found that dust fi...
Zhu, Zhaohuan; Dong, Ruobing; Espaillat, Catherine; Hartmann, Lee
Fundamental gaps with approximate density functionals: The derivative discontinuity revealed from ensemble considerations
The fundamental gap is a central quantity in the electronic structure of matter. Unfortunately, the fundamental gap is not generally equal to the Kohn-Sham gap of density functional theory (DFT), even in principle. The two gaps differ precisely by the derivative discontinuity, namely, an abrupt change in slope of the exchange-correlation energy as a function of electron number, expected across an integer-electron point. Popular approximate functionals are thought to be devoid of a derivative discontinuity, strongly compromising their performance for prediction of spectroscopic properties. Here we show that, in fact, all exchange-correlation functionals possess a derivative discontinuity, which arises naturally from the application of ensemble considerations within DFT, without any empiricism. This derivative discontinuity can be expressed in closed form using only quantities obtained in the course of a standard DFT calculation of the neutral system. For small, finite systems, addition of this derivative discontinuity indeed results in a greatly improved prediction for the fundamental gap, even when based on the most simple approximate exchange-correlation density functional � the local density approximation (LDA). For solids, the same scheme is exact in principle, but when applied to LDA it results in a vanishing derivative discontinuity correction. This failure is shown to be directly related to the failure of LDA in predicting fundamental gaps from total energy differences in extended systems.
Kraisler, Eli; Kronik, Leeor [Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100 (Israel)] [Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100 (Israel)
Geology of the Wallula Gap Area, Washington. [Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains basalts
This study focuses on the structure and stratigraphy of an 80-km/sup 2/ area at the southern margin of the Pasco Basin in Wallula Gap. Field stratigraphy, petrography, natural remanent magnetism, and major-element chemistry indicate that the tholeiitic basalt flows of the Wallula Gap area correlate with units of the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Formations of the Yakima Subgroup of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Flows of the Frenchman Springs, Umatilla, Pomona, Elephant Mountain, and Ice Harbor Mmebers are present in the area. The Frenchman Springs Member exposed in the Wallula Gap is more than 185 m thick and consists of eight to nine flows. Its thickness and possible contemporaneous structural deformation apparently prevented emplacement of both the Roza and Priest Rapids Members at this locality. Structural uplift of the Horse Heaven Hills began prior to extrusion of the Pomona flow. Both the Pomona and Elephant Mountain Members thin and pinch out over the crest of the uplift near Mound Pond. The Ice Harbor flow was apparently confined to the basin north of the Horse Heaven uplift, but an exposure at Mound Pond suggests it flowed through Wallula Gap as an intracanyon flow. The Wallula Gap fault zone trends N65/sup 0/W and can be traced for at least 11 km along the north flank of the Horse Heaven Hills uplift. Where the fault intersects the Olympic-Wallowa Lineament at Van Sycle Canyon 8 km east of Wallula Gap, it is a broad zone of normal faulting, 300 m wide, with as much as 310 m of displacement of the basalt stratigraphy. Two faults occur in the northern portion of Van Sycle Canyon and define a graben trending N45/sup 0/W. A third fault, roughly parallel to the Wallula Gap fault, transects the The Nub and offsets 14 m of Ice Harbor basalt.
Gardner, J.N.; Snow, M.G.; Fecht, K.R.
Effect of gaps on the performance of the vertically installed wet thermal insulator
In SMART, the main flow path of the reactor coolant and the pressurizer partially share common walls in the reactor coolant system. To reduce this heat transfer, the wet thermal insulator (WTI) is installed on the inner wall of the pressurizer. The WTI is constituted of stacked thin stainless steel plates. The water layer width between the plates is chosen to suppress natural convection in each layer. The plates of the WTI require clearance for thermal expansion. When the WTI is installed on a vertical wall, this clearance might cause gaps at the top and bottom at the operating condition. In this study, we focused on the effect of gaps at the both ends on the WTI performance. A numerical simulation was conducted for an 8-layer WTI with gaps at the both ends. To compare with this, a simulation of a WTI without a gap, which is an ideal case, was also conducted. The simulation was conducted in a 2-dimensional manner by a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. The simulations showed that the WTI thermal performance was substantially decreased by a flow that circulated through the top and bottom gaps and water layers at the sides of the WTI. This circulation caused a high temperature difference between the wall and the circulating flow. To find a way to prevent this performance deterioration of the WTI we simulated several cases with the smaller gap heights. However, the flow circulation and the higher heat transfer rate were still observed even at a case with the smallest gap, which seems to be hardly achievable in a real installation. Another way of reducing the flow circulation was suggested and also simulated in this study. (authors)
Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y. I.; Park, C. T.; Choi, S.; Yoon, J. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst., Daeduk-daero 989-111, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)
Avian response to microclimate in canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest.
Abstract - Microclimate may infl uence use of early successional habitat by birds. We assessed the relationships between avian habitat use and microclimate (temperature, light intensity, and relative humidity) in experimentally created canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest on the Savannah River Site, SC. Gaps were 2- to 3-year-old group-selection timber harvest openings of three sizes (0.13, 0.26, 0.50 ha). Our study was conducted from spring through fall, encompassing four bird-use periods (spring migration, breeding, post-breeding, and fall migration), in 2002 and 2003. We used mist netting and simultaneously recorded microclimate variables to determine the influence of microclimate on bird habitat use. Microclimate was strongly affected by net location within canopy gaps in both years. Temperature generally was higher on the west side of gaps, light intensity was greater in gap centers, and relative humidity was higher on the east side of gaps. However, we found few relationships between bird captures and the microclimate variables. Bird captures were inversely correlated with temperature during the breeding and postbreeding periods in 2002 and positively correlated with temperature during spring 2003. Captures were high where humidity was high during post-breeding 2002, and captures were low where humidity was high during spring 2003. We conclude that variations in the local microclimate had minor infl uence on avian habitat use within gaps. Instead, habitat selection in relatively mild regions like the southeastern US is based primarily on vegetation structure, while other factors, including microclimate, are less important.
Champlin, Tracey B.; Kilgo, John C.; Gumpertz, Marcia L.; Moorman, Christopher E.
The fiberboard assembly within a 9975 shipping package contains a modest amount of moisture, which can migrate to the cooler regions of the package when an internal heat load is present. Typically, this leads to increased moisture levels in the bottom fiberboard layers, along with elevated chloride levels which can leach from the fiberboard. Concerns have been raised that this condition could lead to corrosion of the stainless steel drum. It has been postulated that checking the axial gap at the top of the package against the current 1 inch maximum criterion provides a sufficient indication regarding the integrity of the fiberboard and drum. This report estimates the increase in axial gap that might be expected for a given moisture increase in the bottom fiberboard layers, and the likelihood that the increase will create a nonconforming condition that will lead to identification of the moisture increase. Using data relating the fiberboard moisture content with the degree of compaction under load, the present analysis indicates that the axial gap will increase by 0.282 inch as the bottom fiberboard layers approach the saturation point. This increase will cause approximately 58% of packages with otherwise nominal package component dimensions to fail the axial gap criterion, based on a survey of axial gap values recorded in K-Area surveillance activities. As the moisture content increases above saturation, the predicted increase in axial gap jumps to 0.405 inch, which would result in 92% or more of all packages failing the axial gap criterion. The data and analysis described in this report are specific to cane fiberboard. While it is expected that softwood fiberboard will behave similarly, such behavior has not yet been demonstrated.
Daugherty, W.
Band gap engineering for graphene by using Na{sup +} ions
Despite the noble electronic properties of graphene, its industrial application has been hindered mainly by the absence of a stable means of producing a band gap at the Dirac point (DP). We report a new route to open a band gap (E{sub g}) at DP in a controlled way by depositing positively charged Na{sup +} ions on single layer graphene formed on 6H-SiC(0001) surface. The doping of low energy Na{sup +} ions is found to deplete the ?* band of graphene above the DP, and simultaneously shift the DP downward away from Fermi energy indicating the opening of E{sub g}. The band gap increases with increasing Na{sup +} coverage with a maximum E{sub g}?0.70?eV. Our core-level data, C 1s, Na 2p, and Si 2p, consistently suggest that Na{sup +} ions do not intercalate through graphene, but produce a significant charge asymmetry among the carbon atoms of graphene to cause the opening of a band gap. We thus provide a reliable way of producing and tuning the band gap of graphene by using Na{sup +} ions, which may play a vital role in utilizing graphene in future nano-electronic devices.
Sung, S. J.; Lee, P. R.; Kim, J. G.; Ryu, M. T.; Park, H. M.; Chung, J. W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of)
Large interface diffusion in endotaxial growth of MnP films on GaP substrates
The metal organic vapor deposition of MnP films on GaP (100) substrates is shown to have a substantial endotaxial component. A study of the growth time evolution of the endotaxial depths of MnP grains reveals a diffusion-controlled growth with a relatively large diffusion coefficient of Mn in GaP. The value (2.2?�?1.5)?�?10{sup ?15} (cm{sup 2}/s) obtained at 650?�C is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the reported Mn diffusion in bulk GaP. GaP surface mounds provide further indirect evidence that this large diffusion coefficient is concurrent with the out-diffusion of Ga atoms at the growing MnP/GaP interface. No trace of dislocations could be observed at or near this interface, which strongly suggests that Mn diffusion occurs through vacant sites generated by the difference between the crystallographic structures of MnP and GaP.
Nateghi, N., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; M�nard, D.; Masut, R. A. [Regroupement qu�b�coise sur les mat�riaux de pointe (RQMP), D�partement de G�nie Physique, Polytechnique Montr�al, C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montr�al, Qu�bec H3C 3A7 (Canada)
Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter - GAP - aboard the Small Solar Power Sail Demonstrator IKAROS
The small solar power sail demonstrator "IKAROS" is a Japanese engineering verification spacecraft launched by H-IIA rocket on May 21, 2010 at JAXA Tanegashima Space Center. IKAROS has a huge sail with 20 m in diameter which is made of thin polyimide membrane. This sail converts the solar radiation-pressure into the propulsion force of IKAROS and accelerates the spacecraft. The Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter (GAP) aboard IKAROS is the first polarimeter to observe the gamma-ray polarization of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) during the IKAROS cruising phase. GAP is a tinny detector of 3.8 kg in weight and 17 cm in size with an energy range between 50-300 keV. The GAP detector also plays a role of the interplanetary network (IPN) to determine the GRB direction. The detection principle of gamma-ray polarization is the anisotropy of the Compton scattering. GAP works as the GRB polarimeter with the full coincidence mode between the central plastic and the surrounding CsI detectors. GAP is the first instrument, devoted for th...
Yonetoku, D; Gunji, S; Mihara, T; Sakashita, T; Morihara, Y; Kikuchi, Y; Fujimoto, H; Toukairin, N; Kodama, Y; Kubo, S
Designing double-gap linear accelerators for a wide mass range
For applications like ion implantation, rf linacs using double-gap structures with external resonators can be used because they are practical at low frequencies. However, since the two gaps associated with a given resonator cannot be individually phased, it is not obvious how to build a linac that can efficiently accelerate particles having different mass/charge ratios. This paper describes the beam dynamics of double-gap rf linacs and shows how to maximize the range of mass/charge ratios. The theory also tells one how to rescale a linac tune (i.e., reset the voltages and phases) so that a new particle, having a different mass or charge, will behave similarly to the original particle.
Lysenko, W.P.; Wadlinger, E.A.; Rusnak, B.; Krawczyk, F. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Saadatmand, K.; Wan, Z. [Eaton Corp., Beverly, MA (United States)
Microwave band gap and cavity mode in spoof-insulator-spoof waveguide with multiscale structured surface
We propose a multiscale spoof-insulator-spoof (SIS) waveguide by introducing periodic geometry modulation in the wavelength scale to a SIS waveguide made of perfect electric conductor. The MSIS consists of multiple SIS subcells. The dispersion relationship of the fundamental guided mode of the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is studied analytically within the small gap approximation. It is shown that the multiscale SIS possesses microwave band gap (MBG) due to the Bragg scattering. The "gap maps" in the design parameter space are provided. We demonstrate that the geometry of the subcells can efficiently adjust the effective refraction index of the elementary SIS and therefore further control the width and the position of the MBG. The results are in good agreement with numerical calculations by the finite element method (FEM). For finite-sized MSIS of given geometry in the millimeter scale, FEM calculations show that the first-order symmetric SSPP mode has zero transmission in the MBG within frequency...
Zhang, Qiang; Han, Dezhuan; Qin, Fei Fei; Zhang, Xiao Ming; Yao, Yong
Method of manufacturing flexible metallic photonic band gap structures, and structures resulting therefrom
A method of manufacturing a flexible metallic photonic band gap structure operable in the infrared region, comprises the steps of spinning on a first layer of dielectric on a GaAs substrate, imidizing this first layer of dielectric, forming a first metal pattern on this first layer of dielectric, spinning on and imidizing a second layer of dielectric, and then removing the GaAs substrate. This method results in a flexible metallic photonic band gap structure operable with various filter characteristics in the infrared region. This method may be used to construct multi-layer flexible metallic photonic band gap structures. Metal grid defects and dielectric separation layer thicknesses are adjusted to control filter parameters.
Gupta, Sandhya (Bloomington, MN); Tuttle, Gary L. (Ames, IA); Sigalas, Mihail (Ames, IA); McCalmont, Jonathan S. (Ames, IA); Ho, Kai-Ming (Ames, IA)
Calmodulin Kinase Pathway Mediates the K ?-Induced Increase in Gap Junctional Communication between Mouse Spinal Cord
Astrocytes are coupled to one another by gap junction channels that allow the diffusion of ions and small molecules throughout the interconnected syncytium. In astrocytes, gap junctions are believed to participate in spatial buffering removing the focal excess of potassium resultant from intense neuronal activity by current loops through the syncytium and are also implicated in the propagation of astrocytic calcium waves, a form of extraneuronal signaling. Gap junctions can be modulated by several factors, including elevation of extracellular potassium concentration. Because K ? elevation is a component of spinal cord injury, we evaluated the extent to which cultured spinal cord astrocytes is affected by K ? levels and obtained evidence suggesting that a Ca 2 ? �calmodulin (CaM) protein kinase is involved in the K ?-induced increased coupling. Exposure of astrocytes to high K ? solutions induced a
Mara H. De Pina-benabou; Miduturu Srinivas; David C. Spray; Eliana Scemes
One-dimensional electromagnetic band gap structures formed by discharge plasmas in a waveguide
We demonstrate the ability to develop one-dimensional electromagnetic band gap structure in X-band waveguide solely by using the positive columns of glow discharges in neon at the middle pressure. Plasma inhomogeneities are distributed uniformly along a typical X-band waveguide with cross section of 23?�?10?mm{sup 2}. It is shown that electron densities larger than 10{sup 14?}cm{sup ?3} are needed in order to create an effective one-dimensional electromagnetic band gap structure. Some applications for using the one-dimensional electromagnetic band gap structure in waveguide as a control of microwave (broadband filter and device for variation of pulse duration) are demonstrated.
Arkhipenko, V. I.; Simonchik, L. V., E-mail: email@example.com; Usachonak, M. S. [B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the NAS of Belarus, Ave. Nezavisimostsi 68, 220072 Minsk (Belarus); Callegari, Th.; Sokoloff, J. [Universit� de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE, Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d'Energie, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9 (France)
Gap anisotropy and universal pairing scale in a spin-fluctuation model of cuprate superconductors
Gap anisotropy and universal pairing scale in a spin-fluctuation model of cuprate superconductors Ar. Abanov,1 A. V. Chubukov,2 and M. R. Norman3 1Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA 2Department...-Tc cu- prate superconductors is a key problem.1 Some argue that the pseudogap originates from #1;quasi-#2;long-range order in a non- pairing channel #1;two-gap scenario#2;.2 Others argue instead that the pseudogap is a phase in which fermions already...
Abanov, Artem; Chubukov, A. V.; Norman, M. R.
Direct measurements of band gap grading in polycrystalline CIGS solar cells
We present direct measurements of depth-resolved band gap variations of CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers. A new measurement technique combining parallel measurements of local thin-film interference and spectral photoluminescence was developed for this purpose. We find sample-dependent correlation parameters between measured band gap depth and composition profiles, and emphasize the importance of direct measurements. These results bring a quantitative insight into the electronic properties of the solar cells and open a new way to analyze parameters that determine the efficiency of solar cells.
M. P. Heinrich; Z-H. Zhang; Y. Zhang; O. Kiowski; M. Powalla; U. Lemmer; A. Slobodskyy
Heinrich, M P; Zhang, Y; Kiowski, O; Powalla, M; Lemmer, U; Slobodskyy, A
Cell motility in models of wounded human skin is improved by Gap27 despite raised glucose, insulin and IGFBP-5
Reducing Cx43 expression stimulates skin wound healing. This is mimicked in models when Cx43 function is blocked by the connexin mimetic peptide Gap27. IGF-I also stimulates wound healing with IGFBP-5 attenuating its actions. Further, the IGF-I to IGFBP-5 ratio is altered in diabetic skin, where wound closure is impaired. We investigated whether Gap27 remains effective in augmenting scrape-wound closure in human skin wound models simulating diabetes-induced changes, using culture conditions with raised glucose, insulin and IGFBP-5. Gap27 increased scrape-wound closure in normal glucose and insulin (NGI) and to a lesser extent in high glucose and insulin (HGI). IGF-I enhanced scrape-wound closure in keratinocytes whereas IGFBP-5 inhibited this response. Gap27 overcame the inhibitory effects of IGFBP-5 on IGF-I activity. Connexin-mediated communication (CMC) was reduced in HGI, despite raised Cx43, and Gap27 significantly decreased CMC in NGI and HGI. IGF-I and IGFBP-5 did not affect CMC. IGF-I increased keratinocyte proliferation in NGI, and Gap27 increased proliferation in NGI to a greater extent than in HGI. We conclude that IGF-I and Gap27 stimulate scrape-wound closure by independent mechanisms with Gap27 inhibiting Cx43 function. Gap27 can enhance wound closure in diabetic conditions, irrespective of the IGF-I:IGFBP-5 balance. - Highlights: ? Human organotypic and keratinocyte �diabetic� skin models were used to demonstrate the ability of Gap27 to improve scrape-wound closure. ? Gap27 enhanced scrape-wound closure by reducing Cx43-mediated communication, whereas IGFBP-5 retarded cell migration. ? IGF-I and IGFBP-5 did not affect connexin-mediated pathways. ? Gap27 can override altered glucose, insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-5 in �diabetic� skin models and thus has therapeutic potential.
Wright, Catherine S.; Berends, Rebecca F. [Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA (United Kingdom); Flint, David J. [Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE (United Kingdom); Martin, Patricia E.M., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA (United Kingdom)
Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers as a Time-of-Flight System for the PHENIX Experiment
In this project a Time-of-Flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chambers was built and installed for the PHENIX experiment at RHIC.
Velkovska, Julia [Vanderbilt University] [Vanderbilt University
Zero Duality Gap in Optimal Power Flow Problem Javad Lavaei and Steven H. Low
power flow (OPF) problem deals with finding an optimal operating point of a power system that mini1 Zero Duality Gap in Optimal Power Flow Problem Javad Lavaei and Steven H. Low Abstract--The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is nonconvex and generally hard to solve. In this paper, we propose
Low, Steven H.
Landau-Zener Transitions Through Small Electronic Eigenvalue Gaps in the Born-Oppenheimer
Landau-Zener Transitions Through Small Electronic Eigenvalue Gaps in the Born-Oppenheimer it is not practical to solve the time-dependent Schr"odinger equation d* *irectly, the time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer of the masses of the nuclei. In the standard time-dependent Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the electrons
Joye, Alain
LandauZener Transitions Through Small Electronic Eigenvalue Gaps in the Born-Oppenheimer
LandauZener Transitions Through Small Electronic Eigenvalue Gaps in the Born-Oppenheimerdependent BornOppenheimer approximation is a principal tool for studying molecular dynamics. This approximation to the average of the masses of the nuclei. In the standard timedependent BornOppenheimer approximation
Hagedorn, George A.
Making the Right Moves: Guiding Alpha-Expansion using Local Primal-Dual Gaps
Making the Right Moves: Guiding Alpha-Expansion using Local Primal-Dual Gaps Dhruv Batra firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper presents a new adaptive graph-cut based move-making algorithm for energy minimization-space to search over. At each step, it tries to greedily find the move-space that will lead to biggest de- crease
Rajamani, Sriram K.
Band gap structure modification of amorphous anodic Al oxide film by Ti-alloying
The band structure of pure and Ti-alloyed anodic aluminum oxide has been examined as a function of Ti concentration varying from 2 to 20 at.?%. The band gap energy of Ti-alloyed anodic Al oxide decreases with increasing Ti concentration. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that Ti atoms are not located in a TiO{sub 2} unit in the oxide layer, but rather in a mixed Ti-Al oxide layer. The optical band gap energy of the anodic oxide layers was determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy in the energy range from 4.1 to 9.2?eV (300�135?nm). The results indicate that amorphous anodic Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} has a direct band gap of 7.3?eV, which is about ?1.4?eV lower than its crystalline counterpart (single-crystal Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}). Upon Ti-alloying, extra bands appear within the band gap of amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, mainly caused by Ti 3d orbitals localized at the Ti site.
Canulescu, S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Schou, J. [Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde (Denmark); Rechendorff, K.; Pleth Nielsen, L. [Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, 8000 Aarhus (Denmark); Borca, C. N. [Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen (Switzerland); Jones, N. C.; Hoffmann, S. V. [ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus (Denmark); Bordo, K.; Ambat, R. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby (Denmark)
The political gender gap: Gender bias in facial inferences that predict voting behavior
1 The political gender gap: Gender bias in facial inferences that predict voting behavior Joan Y human history, a disproportionate degree of political power around the world has been held by men. Even in democracies where the opportunity to serve in top political positions is available to any individual elected
Chiao, Joan Y.
Arthropod abundance and seasonal bird use of bottomland forest harvest gaps.
We investigated the influence of arthropod abundance and vegetation structure on shifts in avian use of canopy gap, gap edge, and surrounding forest understory in a bottomland hardwood forest in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We compared captures of foliage-gleaning birds among locations during four periods (spring migration, breeding, post-breeding, and fall migration). Foliage arthropod densities were greatest in the forest understory in all four seasons, but understory vegetation density was greatest in gaps. Foliage-gleaning bird abundance was positively associated with foliage-dwelling arthropods during the breeding (F = 18.5, P < 0.001) and post-breeding periods (F = 9.4, P = 0.004), and negatively associated with foliage-dwelling arthropods during fall migration (F = 5.4, P = 0.03). Relationships between birds and arthropods were inconsistent, but the arthropod prey base seemed to be least important during migratory periods. Conversely, bird captures were positively correlated with understory vegetation density during all four periods (P < 0.001). Our study suggests high bird abundance associated with canopy gaps during the non-breeding period resulted less from high arthropod food resource availability than from complex understory and midstory vegetation structure.
Moorman, Christopher, E.; Bowen, Liessa T.; Kilgo, John, C.; Hanula, James, L.; Horn, Scott; Ulyshen, Michael, D.
The Electrical and Band-Gap Properties of Amorphous Zinc-Indium-Tin Oxide Thin Films
MRSEC The Electrical and Band-Gap Properties of Amorphous Zinc-Indium-Tin Oxide Thin Films D Science & Engineering Center For zinc-indium-tin oxide (ZITO) films, grown by pulsed-laser deposition was replaced by substitution with zinc and tin in equal molar proportions (co-substitution). All ZITO films
Shahriar, Selim
Partial frequency band gap in one-dimensional magnonic crystals M. Kostylev,1,a
approach. It is shown that, due to the one-dimensional artificial periodicity of the medium, the gaps with the artificial spatial periodicity of the structure. In this work, by measuring the frequencies of collective on a silicon substrate using deep ultraviolet lithography with 248 nm exposure wavelength followed by a lift
Adeyeye, Adekunle
BETA DECAY STUDIES OF 69Ni AND 58V: DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSHELL GAPS WITHIN THE
BETA DECAY STUDIES OF 69Ni AND 58V: DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSHELL GAPS WITHIN THE N = 28 - 50 SHELL of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Chemistry 2001 #12;ABSTRACT BETA DECAY for neutron-rich nuclides within the N = 28 ; 50 shell were investigated. A conventional beta detection system
Mantica, Paul F.
TABLE OF CONTENTS A Combinatorial Explosion | Cross-Disciplinary Approach Bridges Gaps to New Frontiers 4
Gaps to New Frontiers 4 Bending Beams and Extending the Laws of Physics to Focus Electromagnetic Waves with Unparalleled Precision 6 Revolution Evolution On The Net | Harnessing Network Dynamics for a Better Tomorrow 8 with innovative research ideas and projects. This creative energy, in turn, benefits our undergraduate program
Prodi�, Aleksandar
Cognitive, Non-Cognitive Skills and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Linked
Cognitive, Non-Cognitive Skills and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data of measures of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Our results show that personality traits have little for wages of female employees, and in certain parts of the wage distribution. Cognitive skills as measured
Bandyopadhyay, Antar
Bridging the Gap between the Business Processes and the Service Oriented Architecture
Bridging the Gap between the Business Processes and the Service Oriented Architecture Karim Dahman computerized software solutions. The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA [2]) has emerged as a new paradigm]. However, as UML is neither fully service-oriented, nor business process-centered, it needs to address
Bridging the Gaps between eTransforming SMEs and SME -ICT Providers
of what eTransforming SMEs need based on their current technology and future business requirements. Keywords: SMEs, eTransformation, Information and Communication Technology, ICT providers 1 IntroductionBridging the Gaps between eTransforming SMEs and SME - ICT Providers Ana Hol1 and Athula Ginige1
Lift-and-Project Integrality Gaps for the Traveling Salesperson Problem
We study the lift-and-project procedures of Lov{\\'a}sz-Schrijver and Sherali-Adams applied to the standard linear programming relaxation of the traveling salesperson problem with triangle inequality. For the asymmetric TSP tour problem, Charikar, Goemans, and Karloff (FOCS 2004) proved that the integrality gap of the standard relaxation is at least 2. We prove that after one round of the Lov{\\'a}sz-Schrijver or Sherali-Adams procedures, the integrality gap of the asymmetric TSP tour problem is at least 3/2, with a small caveat on which version of the standard relaxation is used. For the symmetric TSP tour problem, the integrality gap of the standard relaxation is known to be at least 4/3, and Cheung (SIOPT 2005) proved that it remains at least 4/3 after $o(n)$ rounds of the Lov{\\'a}sz-Schrijver procedure, where $n$ is the number of nodes. For the symmetric TSP path problem, the integrality gap of the standard relaxation is known to be at least 3/2, and we prove that it remains at least 3/2 after $o(n)$ rounds...
Watson, Thomas
Effects of gaps in adhesives that bond elastically deformed panels to parabolic, cylindrical substructures
In previous studies of the mechanical behavior of line focusing solar collectors, the reflective surface panel was modeled as a thin, initially flat, elastic plate that underwent large displacements to attain the shape of a prescribed parabolic cylinder. Attention was focused upon the stresses that developed in an adhesive layer which bonded the deformed panel to a rigid, parabolic substructure. Among the myriad possible collector designs, some possess longitudinally oriented, hollow ribs or corrugations in the substructure which interrupt the transverse continuity of the bond line between the deformed panel and the substructure. Thus, finite gaps in the adhesive are present which create regions where the panel surface becomes intermittently supported. The presence of these gaps perturbs the otherwise smooth distribution of adhesive contact stresses and it is the analytical modeling of this behavior that is the subject of the present report. In particular, attention is devoted to gaps which overlap with the edge effect zone - a region near the rim or vertex of the deformed panel where, in the absence of uniform edge loads necessary to maintain a true parabolic shape, high stresses and associated deformations occur. Significant influences of the gap size and position in the edge effect zone are demonstrated and discussed.
Wilson, R.K.; Reuter, R.C. Jr.
Studies of electrical breakdown processes across vacuum gaps between metallic electrodes
Studies of electrical breakdown processes across vacuum gaps between metallic electrodes L Available online 3 June 2013 Keywords: Magnetic insulation Vacuum electrical breakdown Bacteria-induced electrical breakdown Accelerator a b s t r a c t An experimental program to elucidate the physical causes
Gilson, Erik
Studies of electrical breakdown processes across vacuum gaps between metallic electrodes L Keywords: Magnetic insulation Vacuum electrical breakdown Bacteria-induced electrical breakdown Accelerator a b s t r a c t An experimental program to elucidate the physical causes of electrical breakdown
High-efficient solar power systems based on thermionic converter with small gap
Various configurations of power systems based on thermionic converter with small interelectrode gap have been considered. The results of studies of systems energy characteristics are presented. The high efficiency and perspectivety of such systems for different applications have been shown. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}
Nikolaev, Y.V.; Eryomin, S.A.; Kalmykov, S.S.; Karpechenko, Y.D.; Kucherov, R.Y.; Lapochkin, N.V. [Research Institute of Scientific Industrial Association ``Lutch``, 142100, Podolsk, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)
Color-Superconducting Gap in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
We explore the effects of an external magnetic field in the structure and magnitude of the diquark condensate in a three massless quark flavor color superconductor. It is shown that the long-range component $\\widetilde{B}$ of the external magnetic field that penetrates the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase modifies its gap structure, producing a new phase of lower symmetry. Our analysis is performed within an NJL effective field theory with four-fermion interactions, inspired by one-gluon exchange. Using Ritus' method, we compute the quark propagators in the presence of a background magnetic field, and derive the gap equations for arbitrary values of the field. An analytical solution is found for strong magnetic fields. A main outcome of our study is that the $\\widetilde{B}$ field tends to strengthen the gaps that get contributions from pairs of $\\widetilde{Q}$-charged quarks. These gaps are enhanced through the field-dependent density of states of the $\\widetilde{Q}$-charged quarks on the Fermi surface. Our considerations are relevant for the study of highly magnetized compact stars.
Efrain J. Ferrer; Vivian de la Incera; Cristina Manuel
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 85, 115431 (2012) Energy gaps in graphene nanomeshes
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 85, 115431 (2012) Energy gaps in graphene nanomeshes William Oswald and Zhigang opening and electronic structures of graphene nanomeshes (GNMs), the defected graphene containing a high, 71.15.Mb I. INTRODUCTION Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) single-layer honeycomb structure of carbon
Wu, Zhigang
Current transport, gate dielectrics and band gap engineering in graphene devices
Current transport, gate dielectrics and band gap engineering in graphene devices Wenjuan Zhu In this work, we studied current transport in mono-, bi- and tri-layer graphene. We find that both of the electrical field of the substrate surface polar phonons in bi-layer/tri-layer graphenes. We also find
Perebeinos, Vasili
Metallic photonic-band-gap filament architectures for optimized incandescent lighting Sajeev John and Rongzhou Wang
Metallic photonic-band-gap filament architectures for optimized incandescent lighting Sajeev John occur 3,4 . Tra- ditionally incandescent lighting filaments, despite being driven from equilibrium the blackbody spectrum. This suggests the pos- sibility of higher efficiency incandescent lighting, through
The gap in term of mobility for disabled travellers in France DEJOUX, Virginie; ARMOOGUM, Jimmy
The gap in term of mobility for disabled travellers in France DEJOUX, Virginie; ARMOOGUM, Jimmy 12 Verte 93166 Noisy le grand cedex Telephone: 33 1 45 92 55 88 firstname.lastname@example.com ARMOOGUM Jimmy cedex Telephone: 33 1 45 92 55 79 email@example.com ABSTRACT The demographic and social changes
Constraining the nuclear pairing gap with pairing vibrations M. Grasso,1
Constraining the nuclear pairing gap with pairing vibrations E. Khan,1 M. Grasso,1 and J. Margueron. Using the same pairing interaction in nuclear matter and in Tin nuclei, the range of densities where I. INTRODUCTION Studies on pairing effects in both nuclear matter and fi- nite nuclei have known
National Poverty Center Working Paper Series The Black-White Test Score Gap
National Poverty Center Working Paper Series #05-09 June 2005 The Black-White Test Score Gap This paper is available online at the National Poverty Center Working Paper Series index at: http of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Poverty Center or any sponsoring agency
Shyy, Wei
Emergence and evolution of learning gaps across countries: Linked panel evidence from Ethiopia, India, Peru and
on children in middle or secondary school, raise two important questions. First, at what age do gaps between, prior to school enrolment, with children in Vietnam at the upper end, children in Ethiopia at the lower, and with Peru and India in between. Differences between country samples grow in magnitude at later ages
Size effect on the electronic and optical band gap of CdSe QD
Present paper deals with a critical and comprehensive analysis of the dependence of photo emission (PE) electronic band gap and optical absorption (OA) excitonic band gap on the size of CdSe QD, via connecting it with excitonic absorbance wavelength. Excitonic absorbance wavelength is determined through an empirical fit of established experimental evidences. Effective excitonic charge and Bohr radius is determined as a function of size. Increase in size of the CdSe QD results in greater Bohr radius and smaller effective excitonic charge. Excitonic binding energy as a degree of size of QD is also calculated which further relates with the difference in PE electronic and OA optical band gaps. It is also shown that with increase in size of CdSe QD, the excitonic binding energy decreases which consequently increases differences in two band gaps. Our results are very well comparable with the established results. Explanation for the origin of the unusual optical properties of CdSe QD has been also discussed.
Sisodia, Namita, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Holkar Science College, Indore-45200 (India)
Coupling of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to a GaP waveguide
The optical coupling of guided modes in a GaP waveguide to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is demonstrated. The electric field penetration into diamond and the loss of the guided mode are measured. The results indicate that the GaP-diamond system could be useful for realizing coupled microcavity-NV devices for quantum information processing in diamond.
K. -M. C. Fu; C. Santori; P. E. Barclay; I. Aharonovich; S. Prawer; N. Meyer; A. M. Holm; R. G. Beausoleil
Daily Thermal Predictions of the AGR-1 Experiment with Gas Gaps Varying with Time
A new daily as-run thermal analysis was performed at the Idaho National Laboratory on the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) test experiment number one at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). This thermal analysis incorporates gas gaps changing with time during the irradiation experiment. The purpose of this analysis was to calculate the daily average temperatures of each compact to compare with experimental results. Post irradiation examination (PIE) measurements of the graphite holder and fuel compacts showed the gas gaps varying from the beginning of life. The control temperature gas gap and the fuel compact � graphite holder gas gaps were linearly changed from the original fabrication dimensions, to the end of irradiation measurements. A steady-state thermal analysis was performed for each daily calculation. These new thermal predictions more closely match the experimental data taken during the experiment than previous analyses. Results are presented comparing normalized compact average temperatures to normalized log(R/B) Kr-85m. The R/B term is the measured release rate divided by the predicted birth rate for the isotope Kr-85m. Correlations between these two normalized values are presented.
Grant Hawkes; James Sterbentz; John Maki; Binh Pham
Double Moral Hazard and the Energy Efficiency Gap Louis-Gatan Giraudet1
. Suppose that the homeowner cannot perfectly observe the energy saving performance of the job completed on installation costs and perform the job poorly. 1 Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (PEEC), Stanford UniversityDouble Moral Hazard and the Energy Efficiency Gap Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet1 , Sébastien Houde2
KNOWLEDGE GAPS IN APPLYING CONDENSATION CALCULATIONS TO CHONDRITES. L. Grossman (email@example.com)
solar nebula predict the first condensates from a cooling nebular gas to be corundum, hibonite (CaAl12O predicted to condense directly from the solar nebular gas would have the Al, Ti 3+ or Ti 4+ contentsKNOWLEDGE GAPS IN APPLYING CONDENSATION CALCULATIONS TO CHONDRITES. L. Grossman (yosi
Grossman, Lawrence
Bridging the Gap: Automated Steady Scaffoldings for 3D Printing Jrmie Dumas
Bridging the Gap: Automated Steady Scaffoldings for 3D Printing Jérémie Dumas Université de Figure 1: The upper leg of the Poppy robot (www.poppy-project.org) cannot be 3D printed on low cost FDM usage. Abstract Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is the process of 3D printing ob- jects from melted
Lévy, Bruno
Exploiting pattern transformation to tune phononic band gaps in a two-dimensional granular crystal
) cylinders is investigated numerically. This system was previously shown to undergo a pattern transformation with uniaxial compression by Go¨ncu¨ et al. [Soft Matter 7, 2321 (2011)]. The dispersion relations, or elastic waves in certain frequency ranges known as band gaps is an important feature of these materials
Correlation of pulsar radio emission spectrum with peculiarities of particle acceleration in a polar gap
The analytical expression for the frequency of radio emission intensity maximum in pulsars with free electron emission from the stellar surface has been found. Peculiarities of the electron acceleration in a polar gap are considered. The correlation between the high-frequency cutoff and low-frequency turnover in the radio emission spectrum of pulsars known from observations has been explained.
Kontorovich, V. M., E-mail: email@example.com; Flanchik, A. B. [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Radio Astronomy (Ukraine)] [National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Radio Astronomy (Ukraine)
Optical gain from the direct gap transition of Ge-on-Si at room temperature
We report direct band gap optical gain of tensile strained n+ epitaxial Ge-on-Si at room temperature, which confirms that band-engineered Ge-on-Si is a promising gain medium for monolithic optical amplifiers and lasers on Si.
Liu, Jifeng
Using Process Mining to Bridge the Gap between BI and BPM
offer mature data mining capabilities, and even the tools that do so, are not process-centric, i, and other data attributes (e.g., the size of an order). #12;Typically, three types of process mining canUsing Process Mining to Bridge the Gap between BI and BPM Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University
van der Aalst, Wil
On the entropy devil�s staircase in a family of gap-tent maps
To analyze the trade-off between channel capacity and noise-resistance in designing dynamical systems to pursue the idea of communications with chaos, we perform a measure theoretic analysis the topological entropy function of a �gap-tent map � whose invariant set is an unstable chaotic saddle of the tent map. Our model system, the �gap-tent map � is a family of tent maps with a symmetric gap, which mimics the presence of noise in physical realizations of chaotic systems, and for this model, we can perform many calculations in closed form. We demonstrate that the dependence of the topological entropy on the size of the gap has a structure of the devil�s staircase. By integrating over a fractal measure, we obtain analytical, piece-wise differentiable approximations of this dependence. Applying concepts of the kneading theory we find the position and the values of the entropy for all leading entropy plateaus. Similar properties hold also for the dependence of the fractal dimension of the invariant set and the escape rate.
Rapidity Gaps Between Jets in PHP DIS 2006 , April 22, 2006 -1Patrick Ryan, Univ. of Wisconsin Patrick Ryan
Rapidity Gaps Between Jets in PHP DIS 2006 , April 22, 2006 - 1Patrick Ryan, Univ. of Wisconsin in PHP DIS 2006 , April 22, 2006 - 2Patrick Ryan, Univ. of Wisconsin Hard Diffractive Photoproduction - = Subject of this analysis #12;Rapidity Gaps Between Jets in PHP DIS 2006 , April 22, 2006 - 3Patrick Ryan
Fabrication of Ceramic Layer-by-Layer Infrared Wavelength Photonic Band Gap Crystals
Photonic band gap (PBG) crystals, also known as photonic crystals, are periodic dielectric structures which form a photonic band gap that prohibit the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves of certain frequencies at any incident angles. Photonic crystals have several potential applications including zero-threshold semiconductor lasers, the inhibition of spontaneous emission, dielectric mirrors, and wavelength filters. If defect states are introduced in the crystals, light can be guided from one location to another or even a sharp bending of light in micron scale can be achieved. This generates the potential for optical waveguide and optical circuits, which will contribute to the improvement in the fiber-optic communications and the development of high-speed computers.
Henry Hao-Chuan Kang
Band gap tuning in transition metal oxides by site-specific substitution
A transition metal oxide insulator composition having a tuned band gap includes a transition metal oxide having a perovskite or a perovskite-like crystalline structure. The transition metal oxide includes at least one first element selected form the group of Bi, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Na, Mg, K, Pb, and Pr; and at least one second element selected from the group of Ti, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt. At least one correlated insulator is integrated into the crystalline structure, including REMO.sub.3, wherein RE is at least one Rare Earth element, and wherein M is at least one element selected from the group of Co, V, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Fe. The composition is characterized by a band gap of less of 4.5 eV.
Lee, Ho Nyung; Chisholm, Jr., Matthew F; Jellison, Jr., Gerald Earle; Singh, David J; Choi, Woo Seok
Laboratory Studies on Surface Sampling of Bacillus anthracis Contamination: Summary, Gaps, and Recommendations
This report summarizes previous laboratory studies to characterize the performance of methods for collecting, storing/transporting, processing, and analyzing samples from surfaces contaminated by Bacillus anthracis or related surrogates. The focus is on plate culture and count estimates of surface contamination for swab, wipe, and vacuum samples of porous and nonporous surfaces. Summaries of the previous studies and their results were assessed to identify gaps in information needed as inputs to calculate key parameters critical to risk management in biothreat incidents. One key parameter is the number of samples needed to make characterization or clearance decisions with specified statistical confidence. Other key parameters include the ability to calculate, following contamination incidents, the (1) estimates of Bacillus anthracis contamination, as well as the bias and uncertainties in the estimates, and (2) confidence in characterization and clearance decisions for contaminated or decontaminated buildings. Gaps in knowledge and understanding identified during the summary of the studies are discussed and recommendations are given for future studies.
Piepel, Gregory F.; Amidan, Brett G.; Hu, Rebecca
Evolution of the N=50 shell gap energy towards $^{78}$Ni
Atomic masses of the neutron-rich isotopes $^{76-80}$Zn, $^{78-83}$Ga, $^{80-85}Ge, $^{81-87}$As and $^{84-89}$Se have been measured with high precision using the Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP at the IGISOL facility. The masses of $^{82,83}$Ga, $^{83-85}$Ge, $^{84-87}$As and $^{89}$Se were measured for the first time. These new data represent a major improvement in the knowledge of the masses in this neutron-rich region. Two-neutron separation energies provide evidence for the reduction of the N=50 shell gap energy towards germanium Z=32 and a subsequent increase at gallium (Z=31). The data are compared with a number of theoretical models. An indication of the persistent rigidity of the shell gap towards nickel (Z=28) is obtained.
J. Hakala; S. Rahaman; V. -V. Elomaa; T. Eronen; U. Hager; A. Jokinen; A. Kankainen; I. D. Moore; H. Penttil�; S. Rinta-Antila; J. Rissanen; A. Saastamoinen; T. Sonoda; C. Weber; J. �yst�
Singlet-Triplet Energy Gaps for Diradicals from Fractional-Spin Density-Functional Theory
Open-shell singlet diradicals are difficult to model accurately within conventional Kohn?Sham (KS) density-functional theory (DFT). These methods are hampered by spin contamination because the KS determinant wave function is neither a pure spin state nor an eigenfunction of the S2 operator. Here we present a theoretical foray for using single-reference closed-shell ground states to describe diradicals by fractional-spin DFT (FS-DFT). This approach allows direct, self-consistent calculation of electronic properties using the electron density corresponding to the proper spin eigenfunction. The resulting FS-DFT approach is benchmarked against diradical singlet?triplet gaps for atoms and small molecules. We have also applied FS-DFT to the singlet?triplet gaps of hydrocarbon polyacenes.
Ess, Daniel H.; Johnson, E R; Hu, Xiangqian; Yang, W T
The refractive index and electronic gap of water and ice increase with increasing pressure
Determining the electronic and dielectric properties of water at high pressure and temperature is an essential prerequisite to understand the physical and chemical properties of aqueous environments under supercritical conditions, e.g. in the Earth interior. However optical measurements of compressed ice and water remain challenging and it has been common practice to assume that their band gap is inversely correlated to the measured refractive index, consistent with observations reported for hundreds of materials. Here we report ab initio molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations showing that both the refractive index and the electronic gap of water and ice increase with pressure, at least up to 30 GPa. Subtle electronic effects, related to the nature of interband transitions and band edge localization under pressure, are responsible for this apparently anomalous behavior.
Pan, Ding; Galli, Giulia
Pre-Stressed Viscoelastic Composites: Effective Incremental Moduli and Band-Gap Tuning
We study viscoelastic wave propagation along pre-stressed nonlinear elastic composite bars. In the pre-stressed state we derive explicit forms for the effective incremental storage and loss moduli with dependence on the pre-stress. We also derive a dispersion relation for the effective wavenumber in the case of arbitrary frequency, hence permitting a study of viscoelastic band-gap tuning via pre-stress.
Parnell, William J. [School of Mathematics, Alan Turing Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom)
Generalized parton distributions and rapidity gap survival in exclusive diffractive pp scattering
We propose a new approach to the problem of rapidity gap survival (RGS) in the production of high-mass systems (H = dijet, heavy quarkonium, Higgs boson) in double-gap exclusive diffractive pp scattering, pp-->p + (gap) + H + (gap) + p. It is based on the idea that hard and soft interactions proceed over widely different time- and distance scales and are thus approximately independent. The high-mass system is produced in a hard scattering process with exchange of two gluons between the protons. Its amplitude is calculable in terms of the gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in the protons, which can be measured in J= production in exclusive ep scattering. The hard scattering process is modified by soft spectator interactions, which we calculate in a model-independent way in terms of the pp elastic scattering amplitude. Contributions from inelastic intermediate states are suppressed. A simple geometric picture of the interplay of hard and soft interactions in diffraction is obtained. The onset of the black-disk limit in pp scattering at TeV energies strongly suppresses diffraction at small impact parameters and is the main factor in determining the RGS probability. Correlations between hard and soft interactions (e.g. due to scattering from the long-range pion field of the proton, or due to possible short-range transverse correlations between partons) further decrease the RGS probability. We also investigate the dependence of the diffractive cross section on the transverse momenta of the final-state protons (''diffraction pattern''). By measuring this dependence one can perform detailed tests of the interplay of hard and soft interactions, and even extract information about the gluon GPD in the proton. Such studies appear to be feasible with the planned forward detectors at the LHC.
Leonid Frankfurt; Charles Hyde-Wright; Mark Strikman; Christian Weiss
Local droplet etching � Nanoholes, quantum dots, and air-gap heterostructures
Local droplet etching (LDE) allows the self-organized generation of nanoholes in semiconductor surfaces and is fully compatible with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The influence of the process parameters as well as of droplet and substrate materials on the LDE nanohole morphology is discussed. Furthermore, recent applications of LDE, the fabrication of quantum dots by hole filling and the creation of air-gap heterostructures are addressed.
Heyn, Ch.; Sonnenberg, D.; Graf, A.; Kerbst, J.; Stemmann, A.; Hansen, W. [Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 11, 20355 Hamburg (Germany)
Do Food Availability and Microclimate Determine Bird Use of Forest Canopy Gaps?
We investigated the influence of arthropod availability and microclimate on avian use of forest canopy gaps in 2002 and 2003. We used mist netting and observation of foraging effort (attack rates) to determine the influence of arthropod abundance on avian habitat use of three sizes (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha) of 2- to 3-year-old group-selection timber harvest openings during four periods (spring migration, breeding, post-breeding, and fall migration).
The Influence of Caregiver-Child Acculturation Gap on Mexican American Adolescents' Depression and Suicidality
and the passion you had for counseling. Thank you for being part of this journey! Mom, dad, Amber and A.J.�thank you for your love and support in each step of my life, including graduate school and my dissertation. You have always believed in me... teens. However, compared with Latinas, Latino boys are more likely to be successful in their attempts (Wagner, 2009). The purpose of the present manuscript is to present the acculturation gap hypothesis (Birman, 2006) within the cultural...
Pi�a-Watson, Brandy Michelle
Computation of the Field in an Axial Gap, Trapped-Flux Type Superconducting Electric Machine
Abstract�The Bulk Superconductivity Group at the University of Cambridge is currently investigating the use of high temper- ature superconductors in wire and bulk form to increase the electrical and magnetic loading of an axial gap, trapped flux... electric machines are an importantapplication of superconducting materials in both bulk and wire forms. Bulk high temperature superconductors, in partic- ular, are capable of trapping magnetic fields greater than 17 T below 30 K [1], [2], as well as up to 3...
Shen, Zejun; Ainslie, Mark D.; Campbell, Archie M.; Cardwell, David A.
Growth and characterization of liquid phase epitaxial GaP layers
, and supercooling amount. The results are compared with a diffusion-controlled model predictions for various cooling methods and very good agreements observed. The resistivity and mobility of grown GaP layers at room temperature are studied and the obtained... for further growth. As a result, LPE has the capability of producing multi-layers of controllable composition. The reproducibility of such layers is governed by parameters like: solution concentration, temperature, cooling rate, growth time, and substrate...
Kao, Yung-Chung
Using the Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) coronagraph, we have obtained high-contrast 2.0 mum imaging polarimetry and 1.1 mum imaging of the circumstellar disk around AB Aurigae on angular scales of 0.''3-3'' (40-550 AU). Unlike previous observations, these data resolve the disk in both total and polarized intensity, allowing accurate measurement of the spatial variation of polarization fraction across the disk. Using these observations, we investigate the apparent 'gap' in the disk reported by Oppenheimer et al.. In polarized intensity, the NICMOS data closely reproduce the morphology seen by Oppenheimer et al., yet in total intensity we find no evidence for a gap in either our 1.1 or 2.0 mum images. We find instead that region has lower polarization fraction, without a significant decrease in total scattered light, consistent with expectations for backscattered light on the far side of an inclined disk. Radiative transfer models demonstrate this explanation fits the observations. Geometrical scattering effects are entirely sufficient to explain the observed morphology without any need to invoke a gap or a protoplanet at that location.
Perrin, Marshall D. [Division of Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States); Schneider, Glenn [Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Duchene, Gaspard [University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Pinte, Christophe [Universite Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1/CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG) UMR 5571, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, Cedex 09 (France); Grady, Carol A. [Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 (United States); Wisniewski, John P. [Department of Astronomy, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-1580 (United States); Hines, Dean C., E-mail: email@example.com [Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 (United States)
Localized Excitation in the Hybridization Gap in YbAl{sub 3}
The intermediate valence compound YbAl{sub 3} exhibits a broad magnetic excitation in the inelastic neutron scattering spectrum with characteristic energy E{sub 1}{approx_equal}50 meV, equal to the Kondo energy (T{sub K}{approx}600-700 K). In the low temperature (Tgap that exists in this compound. We report inelastic neutron scattering results for a single-crystal sample. The scattering at energies near E{sub 1} qualitatively has the momentum (Q) dependence expected for interband scattering across the indirect gap. The scattering near E{sub 2} has a very different Q dependence: it is a weak function of Q over a large fraction of the Brillouin zone and is smallest near (1/2,1/2,1/2). A possibility is that the peak at E{sub 2} arises from a spatially localized excitation in the hybridization gap.
Christianson, A.D.; Fanelli, V.R. [University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Lawrence, J.M. [University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (United States); Goremychkin, E.A. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Osborn, R. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Bauer, E.D.; Sarrao, J.L.; Thompson, J.D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States); Frost, C.D. [ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX (United Kingdom); Zarestky, J. L. [Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States)
Particle Concentration At Planet Induced Gap Edges and Vortices: I. Inviscid 3-D Hydro Disks
We perform a systematic study of the dynamics of dust particles in protoplanetary disks with embedded planets using global 2-D and 3-D inviscid hydrodynamic simulations. We implement Lagrangian particles into magnetohydrodynamic code Athena with cylindrical coordinates and explore the behavior of dust grains with sizes spanning more than 6 orders of magnitude --- from the well-coupled to decoupled limits. We find two distinct outcomes depending on the mass of the embedded planet, which is varied between 8 M_earth to 9 M_{J}. In the presence of a low mass planet (8 M_earth), two narrow gaps start to open in the gas on each side of the planet where the density waves shock. Although these gaps are quite shallow, they dramatically affect particle drift speed and cause significant, axisymmetric dust depletion near the planet. On the other hand, a more massive planet (>0.1 M_{J}) carves out a deeper gap with sharp edges, which are unstable to the formation of vortices that later merge into a single vortex. The vort...
Zhu, Zhaohuan; Rafikov, Roman R; Bai, Xuening
Photonic-band-gap properties for two-component slow light
We consider two-component ''spinor'' slow light in an ensemble of atoms coherently driven by two pairs of counterpropagating control laser fields in a double tripod-type linkage scheme. We derive an equation of motion for the spinor slow light (SSL) representing an effective Dirac equation for a massive particle with the mass determined by the two-photon detuning. By changing the detuning the atomic medium acts as a photonic crystal with a controllable band gap. If the frequency of the incident probe light lies within the band gap, the light experiences reflection from the sample and can tunnel through it. For frequencies outside the band gap, the transmission and reflection probabilities oscillate with the increasing length of the sample. In both cases the reflection takes place into the complementary mode of the probe field. We investigate the influence of the finite excited state lifetime on the transmission and reflection coefficients of the probe light. We discuss possible experimental implementations of the SSL using alkali-metal atoms such as rubidium or sodium.
Ruseckas, J.; Kudriasov, V.; Juzeliunas, G.; Unanyan, R. G.; Otterbach, J.; Fleischhauer, M. [Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, A. Gostauto 12, Vilnius 01108 (Lithuania); Fachbereich Physik and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67663 (Germany)
Coexistence and competition of nematic and gapped states in bilayer graphene
In bilayer graphene, the phase diagram in the plane of a strain-induced bare nematic term, ${\\cal N}_{0}$, and a top-bottom gates voltage imbalance, $U_{0}$, is obtained by solving the gap equation in the random-phase approximation. At nonzero ${\\cal N}_0$ and $U_0$, the phase diagram consists of two hybrid spin-valley symmetry-broken phases with both nontrivial nematic and mass-type order parameters. The corresponding phases are separated by a critical line of first- and second-order phase transitions at small and large values of ${\\cal N}_0$, respectively. The existence of a critical end point, where the line of first-order phase transitions terminates, is predicted. For ${\\cal N}_0=0$, a pure gapped state with a broken spin-valley symmetry is the ground state of the system. As ${\\cal N}_{0}$ increases, the nematic order parameter increases, and the gap weakens in the hybrid state. For $U_{0}=0$, a quantum second-order phase transition from the hybrid state into a pure gapless nematic state occurs when the strain reaches a critical value. A nonzero $U_{0}$ suppresses the critical value of the strain. The relevance of these results to recent experiments is briefly discussed.
E. V. Gorbar; V. P. Gusynin; V. A. Miransky; I. A. Shovkovy
Spectra and gap amplification for systems with two widely different incommensurate periodicities
We derive analytically the spectrum for the Schroedinger equation for quasiperiodic systems with two length scales: one large ''macroscopic'' scale (e.g., a-italic cos(2..pi..x-italic/lambda)) and one small ''microscopic'' scale (e.g., v-italic cos(2..pi..x-italic)). The phase diagram includes regimes with exponentially narrow gaps due to the slowly varying potential, regimes where the rapidly varying potential amplifies these narrow gaps, and regimes with exponentially narrow ''Landau bands.'' The full ''devil's-staircase'' spectrum with gaps at wave vectors q-italic = m-italic..pi..+n-italic..pi../lambda develops in a hierarchical manner as a-italic increases. The results apply to systems with superlattices, to celestial orbits with two periodic perturbations, to systems with slowly varying lattice distortions, and, in particular, to quasi-one-dimensional magnets such as bis(tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene) perchlorate ((TMTSF)/sub 2/ClO/sub 4/) in magnetic fields, where our findings may provide insight into the experimentally observed cascade of phase transitions.
Azbel, M.Y.; Bak, P.; Chaikin, P.M.
Once Again about the Generation Gap: Women of Ukrainian Descent in the U.S.A. and their Community-Building Efforts
2010 Once Again about the Generation Gap: Women of Ukrainianbeen nurtured by several generations of Ukrainian women. And
Koshulap, Iryna
Categorical Exclusion for Pinnacle Peak Substation PCB contaminated...
B, B1.17: "Removal of Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing items, such as transformers and capacitors, PCB-containing oils flushed from transformers, PCB-flushing...
Microsoft Word - Cascade Networks Allston Substation LURR CX...
abatement on road and construction site, if necessary. 9. Appropriate erosion and sediment control best management practices will be utilized for the protection of water...
Corn Variety Experiments, Substation no. 3, Angleton, Texas.
. omid, Soils H. SCHMIDT b. V. s Veterinarian E. B. REYNOLDS, M. S., Agronom~st, Small Grains D. H. BENP~~T. V. M. D.,Veferinarian E. W. GEYER. B. S., Agronomist; Farm Super iniendenl CHEMISTRY **SALOME COMSTOCK, B. S., Seed Analvd G S FRAPS...
Proposed Transmission Towers Proposed New Substation Sites Proposed...
Course East East Minnehaha Minnehaha Park Park Green Green Mountain Mountain Park Park Green Green Meadows Meadows Golf Course Golf Course Camas Camas Meadows Meadows Golf Club...
Detection of Periodic Beacon Loads in Electrical Distribution Substation Data
This research explores methods for identifying a whether a load is sending a signal to the utility SCADA system. Such a system can identify whether various loads are signialing using existing SCADA infrastructure, that is, without added, high cost communications infrastructure.
Hammerstrom, Donald J.; Guttromson, Ross T.; Lu, Ning; Boyd, Paul A.; Trudnowski, Daniel; Chassin, David P.; Bonebrake, Christopher A.; Shaw, James M.
Experiments at Substation No. 3 Angleton, Texas 1909-1916.
to general clevelopment, erection of buildings, ancl preparation for experi- ment vork. The fjrst crops were produced in 1912, ancl from 1913 to 1916, inclusive, much work TP~S done in determizing the agricultt~ral problems peculiar to this section... average temperature of each month, and the dates of last killing frost in spring .and first killing frost in fall. The weather instruments vere installed in June, 191 3, and weather records began July 1, 1913. Figure 1. New drainage ditch which crosses...
The Substation of the Future: A Feasibility Study
to recognize their postdoctoral researchers and graduate students that contributed to the research and creation
Progress Report, Substation No. 2, Troup, Texas, 1901-1914.
are sugge~tecl for home we. They are giren in the order in ~vhicl, tl~cy ripen aid ~houlcl give a goo& suc- ceqzion throu,ch tl~e sewon : l\\la~flowcr, TTictor, Xed Bird Cling, Alton, Tellow Swan, Cii~man, Slap13-. Hobson. Family Fa~~orite, Elbertd, Stell...
Microsoft Word - CX-Coos-CurryNorwaySubstation_WEB.doc
1 REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEP-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum Shari Sundeen Public Utilities Specialist - TPC-TPP-4 Proposed Action: Line and load interconnection of...
Microsoft Word - CX-ColumbiaREADaytonSubstationTap_WEB.doc
7, 2011 REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEPR-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum Mike Normandeau Customer Account Executive - PSE-SPOKANE Proposed Action: Columbia Rural Electric...
EIS-0483: Estes to Flatiron Substation Transmission Lines Rebuild Project,
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Career Scientists'Montana.Program - LibbyofThis EISStatementUtah,Department
Benefits of Using Mobile Transformers and Mobile Substations for Rapidly
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in Review: Top Five EEREDepartment ofEnergy StevenHouseField
A complete and normalized 61850 substation (Smart Grid Project) | Open
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende NewSowitec doWinvestFlumeFinal Report | Open
Variable Voltage Substation Electric Fire and Emergency Response |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of EnergyEnergyENERGYWomen Owned SmallOf The 2012Nuclear Guide Remote55 Jefferson Ave. Valley
351 Substation Demolition -- B Roll | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDeliveredPNGExperience hands-onASTROPHYSICS H.CarbonMarch Value4 3.P D AT E S0 t h351
500-kV Central Ferry Substation in Garfield County,
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLasDeliveredPNGExperience hands-onASTROPHYSICS H.CarbonMarchTHE ADVANCED PHOTON
Microsoft Word - Tacoma-Raver-Substation-Antenna-CX.doc
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector General Office0-72.pdfGeorgeDoesn't32 MasterAcquisiti ---- Contra See AcquFOR007 Crucial1
Proposed Transmission Towers Proposed New Substation Sites Proposed Route Segments
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 - SeptemberMicroneedles for4-16HamadaBaO/Al2O3 leanProposalConveyance of6-1E:
IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, VOL. 7, NO. 10, OCTOBER 1997 329 Air-Gap Stacked Spiral Inductor
Inductor Seung Won Paek and Kwang Seok Seo Abstract--In this letter, we propose an air-gap stacked spiral and Materials Laboratory, LG Corporate Institute of Technology, Seoul 137-140, Korea. K. S. Seo
Seo, Kwang Seok
Twenty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems, Montreal 2007 1 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BUSINESS STRATEGY AND
® Registered trademark application pending, Fraunhofer USA and Fraunhofer IESE. #12;Information SystemsTwenty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems, Montreal 2007 1 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BUSINESS STRATEGY AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Information Systems Strategy and Governance Victor
Seaman, Carolyn
® ® Registered trademark application pending, Fraunhofer USA and Fraunhofer IESE. #12;Information SystemsTwenty Eighth International Conference on Information Systems, Montreal 2007 1 BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BUSINESS STRATEGY AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Information Systems Strategy and Governance Victor
Basili, Victor R.
Characterization of Trivalent Graphs with Minimal Eigenvalue Gap* Clemens Brand,a Barry Guiduli,b,** and Wilfried Imrichc,***
Characterization of Trivalent Graphs with Minimal Eigenvalue Gap* Clemens Brand,a Barry Guiduli is the mirror image of one of these blocks. Each interior block is of the type: or (2) We will refer
Babai, László
Tetracene air-gap single-crystal field-effect transistors Yu Xia, Vivek Kalihari, and C. Daniel Frisbiea
Tetracene air-gap single-crystal field-effect transistors Yu Xia, Vivek Kalihari, and C. Daniel FETs utilizing an air or vacuum gap as the gate dielectric. The linear mobility of the device can be as high as 1.6 cm2 /V s in air, with a subthreshold slope lower than 0.5 V nF/decade cm2 . By changing
Rogers, John A.
Thermal conductivity of the electrode gap of a thermionic converter, filled with inert gases, at low pressures
Experimental data is presented on the thermal conductivity of the electrode gap of a thermionic converter filled with He, Ar, and Xe in the pressure range 40--550 Pa. The need to account for the coefficients of thermal accommodation of the emitter-inert-gas-collector system in this range is shown. The accommodation coefficients for different temperature regimes are measured and expressions are obtained to calculate the heat flux transported by the inert gases in the electrode gap.
Modin, V.A.; Nikolaev, Y.V.
Pre-transitional disks are protoplanetary disks with a gapped disk structure, potentially indicating the presence of young planets in these systems. In order to explore the structure of these objects and their gap-opening mechanism, we observed the pre-transitional disk V1247 Orionis using the Very Large Telescope Interferometer, the Keck Interferometer, Keck-II, Gemini South, and IRTF. This allows us to spatially resolve the AU-scale disk structure from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths (1.5-13 {mu}m), tracing material at different temperatures and over a wide range of stellocentric radii. Our observations reveal a narrow, optically thick inner-disk component (located at 0.18 AU from the star) that is separated from the optically thick outer disk (radii {approx}> 46 AU), providing unambiguous evidence for the existence of a gap in this pre-transitional disk. Surprisingly, we find that the gap region is filled with significant amounts of optically thin material with a carbon-dominated dust mineralogy. The presence of this optically thin gap material cannot be deduced solely from the spectral energy distribution, yet it is the dominant contributor at mid-infrared wavelengths. Furthermore, using Keck/NIRC2 aperture masking observations in the H, K', and L' bands, we detect asymmetries in the brightness distribution on scales of {approx}15-40 AU, i.e., within the gap region. The detected asymmetries are highly significant, yet their amplitude and direction changes with wavelength, which is not consistent with a companion interpretation but indicates an inhomogeneous distribution of the gap material. We interpret this as strong evidence for the presence of complex density structures, possibly reflecting the dynamical interaction of the disk material with sub-stellar mass bodies that are responsible for the gap clearing.
Kraus, Stefan; Espaillat, Catherine; Wilner, David J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-78, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Ireland, Michael J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 (Australia); Sitko, Michael L.; Swearingen, Jeremy R.; Werren, Chelsea [Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 (United States); Monnier, John D.; Calvet, Nuria [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 918 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Grady, Carol A. [Eureka Scientific Inc., Oakland, CA 94602 (United States); Harries, Tim J. [School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL (United Kingdom); Hoenig, Sebastian F. [Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Russell, Ray W. [The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009 (United States)
Effect of silver incorporation in phase formation and band gap tuning of tungsten oxide thin films
Silver incorporated tungsten oxide thin films are prepared by RF magnetron sputtering technique. The effect of silver incorporation in micro structure evolution, phase enhancement, band gap tuning and other optical properties are investigated using techniques such as x-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Effect of silver addition in phase formation and band gap tuning of tungsten oxide thin films are investigated. It is found that the texturing and phase formation improves with enhancement in silver content. It is also found that as the silver incorporation enhances the thickness of the films increases at the same time the strain in the film decreases. Even without annealing the desired phase can be achieved by doping with silver. A broad band centered at the wavelength 437 nm is observed in the absorption spectra of tungsten oxide films of higher silver incorporation and this can be attributed to surface plasmon resonance of silver atoms present in the tungsten oxide matrix. The transmittance of the films is decreased with increase in silver content which can be due to increase in film thickness, enhancement of scattering, and absorption of light caused by the increase of grain size, surface roughness and porosity of films and enhanced absorption due to surface plasmon resonance of silver. It is found that silver can act as the seed for the growth of tungsten oxide grains and found that the grain size increases with silver content which in turn decreases the band gap of tungsten oxide from 3.14 eV to 2.70 eV.
Jolly Bose, R.; Kumar, R. Vinod; Sudheer, S. K.; Mahadevan Pillai, V. P. [Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581 (India); Reddy, V. R.; Ganesan, V. [UGC - DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, Madhyapradesh (India)
Determing Degradation Of Fiberboard In The 9975 Shipping Package By Measuring Axial Gap
Currently, thousands of model 9975 transportation packages are in use by the US Department of Energy (DOE); the design of which has been certified by DOE for shipment of Type B radioactive and fissile materials in accordance with Part 71, Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), or 10 CFR 71, Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material. These transportation packages are also approved for the storage of DOE-STD-3013 containers at the Savannah River Site (SRS). As such, the 9975 has been continuously exposed to the service environment for a period of time greater than the approved transportation service life. In order to ensure the material integrity as specified in the safety basis, an extensive surveillance program is in place in K-Area Complex (KAC) to monitor the structural and thermal properties of the fiberboard of the 9975 shipping packages. The surveillance approach uses a combination of Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) field surveillance and Destructive Examination (DE) lab testing to validate the 9975 performance assumptions. The fiberboard in the 9975 is credited with thermal insulation, criticality control and resistance to crushing. During surveillance monitoring in KAC, an increased axial gap of the fiberboard was discovered on selected items packaged at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS). Many of these packages were later found to contain excess moisture. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) testing has resulted in a better understanding of the relationship between the fiberboard moisture level and compaction of the fiberboard under storage conditions and during transport. In laboratory testing, the higher moisture content has been shown to correspond to higher total compaction of fiberboard material and compaction rate. The fiberboard height is reduced by compression of the layers. This change is observed directly in the axial gap between the flange and the air shield. The axial gap measurement is made during the pre-use inspection or during the annual recertification process and is a screening measurement for changes in the fiberboard.
Hackney, E. R.; Dougherty, W. L.; Dunn, K. A.; Stefek, T. M
Large Gap Size Paired-end Library Construction for Second Generation Sequencing
Fosmid or BAC end sequencing plays an important role in de novo assembly of large genomes like fungi and plants. However construction and Sanger sequencing of fosmid or BAC libraries are laborious and costly. The current 454 Paired-End (PE) Library and Illumina Jumping Library construction protocols are limited with the gap sizes of approximately 20 kb and 8 kb, respectively. In the attempt to understand the limitations of constructing PE libraries with greater than 30Kb gaps, we have purified 18, 28, 45, and 65Kb sheared DNA fragments from yeast and circularized the ends using the Cre-loxP approach described in the 454 PE Library protocol. With the increasing fragment sizes, we found a general trend of decreasing library quality in several areas. First, redundant reads and reads containing multiple loxP linkers increase when the average fragment size increases. Second, the contamination of short distance pairs (<10Kb) increases as the fragment size increases. Third, chimeric rate increases with the increasing fragment sizes. We have modified several steps to improve the quality of the long span PE libraries. The modification includes (1) the use of special PFGE program to reduce small fragment contamination; (2) the increase of DNA samples in the circularization step and prior to the PCR to reduce redundant reads; and (3) the decrease of fragment size in the double SPRI size selection to get a higher frequency of LoxP linker containing reads. With these modifications we have generated large gap size PE libraries with a much better quality.
Peng, Ze; Hamilton, Matthew; Froula, Jeff; Ewing, Aren; Foster, Brian; Cheng, Jan-Fang
Calculation of the Superconductivity Gap of Metal from Its Parameters in Normal State
A previously considered model interpreted a superconductor as an electron gas immersed in a medium with the dielectric constant $\\epsilon$ and a certain elasticity, which could be determined by measured sonic speed in the metal. The obtained expression of effective electron-electron interaction (EEI) potential unambiguously implied that, contrary to the suggestions of BCS theory, it is its long-wave limit which is responsible for the emergence of bound two-electron states and, consequently, for gap formation in one-electron spectrum of the metal. However, the existence of singularities in the EEI potential expression continued to pose a problem, which did not allow a calculation of the gap value for specific superconducting materials, first of all, for metals belonging to periodic table (PT). In the present work, I suggest taking into account matrix elements traditionally attributed to electron scattering in EEI effective potential calculations. For superconductors that has been made on the basis of a semiconductor material by implanting electro-active defects into it, this inclusion results in the appearance of an uncertainty of electron momentum $\\delta p \\sim l^{- 1}$, where $l$ is the electron free path. When considering pure PT metals, Hamiltonian terms relating to creation and annihilaton of phonons should be taken into account, which also produces an uncertainty of electron momentum. This uncertainty results in a regularization of EEI potential expression and, therefore, in a possibility of examination of physical properties of specific superconductors. Results of calculation of superconductivity gap value for a range of simple metals (Al, Zn, Pb, Sn) confirm the consistency of the developed approach.
I. M. Yurin
Technical Barriers, Gaps, and Opportunities Related to Home Energy Upgrade Market Delivery
This report outlines the technical barriers, gaps, and opportunities that arise in executing home energy upgrade market delivery approaches, as identified through research conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America program. The objective of this report is to outline the technical1 barriers, gaps, and opportunities that arise in executing home energy upgrade market delivery approaches, as identified through research conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Building America program. This information will be used to provide guidance for new research necessary to enable the success of the approaches. Investigation for this report was conducted via publications related to home energy upgrade market delivery approaches, and a series of interviews with subject matter experts (contractors, consultants, program managers, manufacturers, trade organization representatives, and real estate agents). These experts specified technical barriers and gaps, and offered suggestions for how the technical community might address them. The potential benefits of home energy upgrades are many and varied: reduced energy use and costs; improved comfort, durability, and safety; increased property value; and job creation. Nevertheless, home energy upgrades do not comprise a large part of the overall home improvement market. Residential energy efficiency is the most complex climate intervention option to deliver because the market failures are many and transaction costs are high (Climate Change Capital 2009). The key reasons that energy efficiency investment is not being delivered are: (1) The opportunity is highly fragmented; and (2) The energy efficiency assets are nonstatus, low-visibility investments that are not properly valued. There are significant barriers to mobilizing the investment in home energy upgrades, including the 'hassle factor' (the time and effort required to identify and secure improvement works), access to financing, and the opportunity cost of capital and split incentives.
Bianchi, M. V. A.
Wave equations for determining energy-level gaps of quantum systems
An differential equation for wave functions is proposed, which is equivalent to Schr\\"{o}dinger's wave equation and can be used to determine energy-level gaps of quantum systems. Contrary to Schr\\"{o}dinger's wave equation, this equation is on `bipartite' wave functions. It is shown that those `bipartite' wave functions satisfy all the basic properties of Schr\\"{o}dinger's wave functions. Further, it is argued that `bipartite' wave functions can present a mathematical expression of wave-particle duality. This provides an alternative approach to the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics.
Zeqian Chen
Waveguides in three-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap materials
We theoretically investigate waveguide structures in three-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap (MPBG) materials. The MPBG materials used in this study consist of a three-dimensional mesh of metallic wires embedded in a dielectric. An {ital L}-shaped waveguide is created by removing part of the metallic wires. Using finite difference time domain simulations, we found that an 85{percent} transmission efficiency can be achieved through the 90{degree} bend with just three unit cell thickness MPBG structures. thinsp {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Sigalas, M.M.; Biswas, R.; Ho, K.M.; Soukoulis, C.M. [Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States)] [Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Crouch, D.D. [Advanced Electromagnetic Technologies Center, Raytheon Corporation, Rancho Cucamonga, California 91729 (United States)] [Advanced Electromagnetic Technologies Center, Raytheon Corporation, Rancho Cucamonga, California 91729 (United States)
Experimental study of upper sd shell nuclei and evolution of sd-fp shell gap
The intruder orbitals from the fp shell play important role in the structure of nuclei around the line of stability in the upper sd shell. Experimentally we have studied {sup 35}Cl, {sup 30}P, {sup 36}Cl, {sup 37}Ar and {sup 34}Cl in this mass region using the INGA setup. Large basis cross-shell shell model calculations have indicated the need for change of the sd-fp energy gap for reliable reproduction of negative parity and high spin positive parity states. Indication of population of states of large deformation has been found in our data. Theoretical interpretation of these states has been discussed.
Sarkar, M. Saha [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata - 700064 (India)
Methodology for Defining Gap Areas between Course-over-ground Locations
Finding all areas that lie outside some distance d from a polyline is a problem with many potential applications. This application of the Visual Sample Plan (VSP) software required finding all areas that were more than distance d from a set of existing paths (roads and trails) represented by polylines. An outer container polygon (known in VSP as a �sample area�) defines the extents of the area of interest. The term �gap area� was adopted for this project, but another useful term might be �negative coverage area.� The project required a polygon solution rather than a raster solution. The search for a general solution provided no results, so this methodology was developed
Wilson, John E.
Radial-Gap Permanent Magnet Motor and Drive Research FY 2004
The objective of this task was to study permanent magnet (PM) radial-gap traction drive systems that could meet the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR Program's 2010 goals to expose weaknesses or identify strengths. Initially, the approach was to compare attributes such as physical deformations during operation, performance (torque, power, efficiency versus speed), material requirements (strength), material costs, manufacturability, weight, power density, specific power, reliability, and drivability for specific motors. Three motors selected were the commercially available 60-kW radial-gap surface-mounted PM motor manufactured by UQM Technologies, Inc.; a hypothetical PM motor with rotor-supported magnets similar to the Honda MCF-21; and Delphi's automotive electric machine drive motor, whose rotor is a ferromagnetic cylinder, held at one end by a shaft that supports the magnets on its inner surface. Potential problems have appeared related to PM motors, such as (1) high no-load spin losses and high operational power losses, probably from eddy current losses in the rotor; (2) the undemonstrated dual mode inverter control (DMIC) for driving a brushless dc motor (BDCM) (UQM and Delphi motors); (3) uncertainty about the potential for reducing current with DMIC; and (4) uncertainty about the relation between material requirements and maximum rotor speed. Therefore, the approach was changed to study in detail three of the comparison attributes: drivability, performance, and material requirements. Drivability and related problems were examined by demonstrating that DMIC may be used to drive an 18-pole 30-kW PM motor to 6000 rpm, where the maximum electrical frequency is 900 Hz. An available axial-gap test motor with 18 poles was used because its control is identical to that of a radial gap PM motor. Performance was analytically examined, which led to a derivation showing that DMIC controls a PM motor so that the motor uses minimum current to produce any power regardless of speed for relative speeds, n = {omega}/{omega}{sub base} {ge} 2. Performance was also examined with efficiency measurements during the 30-kW PM motor test. Material requirements were examined with finite-element analyses (FEA) to determine the speed and location where yield starts and the corresponding deformations and stresses.
McKeever, J.W.
Analysis of plasma-magnetic photonic crystal with a tunable band gap
In this paper, electromagnetic wave propagation through the one-dimensional plasma-magnetic photonic crystal in the presence of external magnetic field has been analyzed. The dispersion relation, transmission and reflection coefficients have been obtained by using the transfer matrix method. It is investigated how photonic band gap of photonic crystals will be tuned when both dielectric function {epsilon} and magnetic permeability {mu} of the constitutive materials, depend on applied magnetic field. This is shown by one dimensional photonic crystals consisting of plasma and ferrite material layers stacked alternately.
Mehdian, H.; Mohammadzahery, Z.; Hasanbeigi, A. [Department of Physics and Plasma Research Institute of Tarbiat Moallem University, 49 Dr Mofatteh Avenue, Tehran 15614 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Summary of Gaps and Barriers for Implementing Residential Building Energy Efficiency Strategies
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy Usage »of Energy Strain Rate4 RecoveryJuly 1, 2013 -Department ofofDepartmentGaps
Direct space-time observation of pulse tunneling in an electromagnetic band gap
We present space-time-resolved measurements of electromagnetic pulses tunneling through a coaxial electromagnetic band gap structure. The results show that during the tunneling process the field distribution inside the barrier is an exponentially decaying standing wave whose amplitude increases and decreases as it slowly follows the temporal evolution of the input pulse. At no time is a pulse maximum found inside the barrier, and hence the transmitted peak is not the incident peak that has propagated to the exit. The results support the quasistatic interpretation of tunneling dynamics and confirm that the group delay is not the traversal time of the input pulse peak.
Doiron, Serge; Hache, Alain [Department de physique et d'astronomie, Universite de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9 (Canada); Winful, Herbert G. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122 (United States)
Simulating Interface Growth and Defect Generation in CZT � Simulation State of the Art and Known Gaps
This one-year, study topic project will survey and investigate the known state-of-the-art of modeling and simulation methods suitable for performing fine-scale, fully 3-D modeling, of the growth of CZT crystals at the melt-solid interface, and correlating physical growth and post-growth conditions with generation and incorporation of defects into the solid CZT crystal. In the course of this study, this project will also identify the critical gaps in our knowledge of modeling and simulation techniques in terms of what would be needed to be developed in order to perform accurate physical simulations of defect generation in melt-grown CZT. The transformational nature of this study will be, for the first time, an investigation of modeling and simulation methods for describing microstructural evolution during crystal growth and the identification of the critical gaps in our knowledge of such methods, which is recognized as having tremendous scientific impacts for future model developments in a wide variety of materials science areas.
Henager, Charles H.; Gao, Fei; Hu, Shenyang Y.; Lin, Guang; Bylaska, Eric J.; Zabaras, Nicholas
Periodic dielectric structure for production of photonic band gap and devices incorporating the same
A periodic dielectric structure which is capable of producing a photonic band gap and which is capable of practical construction. The periodic structure is formed of a plurality of layers, each layer being formed of a plurality of rods separated by a given spacing. The material of the rods contrasts with the material between the rods to have a refractive index contrast of at least two. The rods in each layer are arranged with their axes parallel and at a given spacing. Adjacent layers are rotated by 90.degree., such that the axes of the rods in any given layer are perpendicular to the axes in its neighbor. Alternating layers (that is, successive layers of rods having their axes parallel such as the first and third layers) are offset such that the rods of one are about at the midpoint between the rods of the other. A four-layer periocity is thus produced, and successive layers are stacked to form a three-dimensional structure which exhibits a photonic band gap. By virtue of forming the device in layers of elongate members, it is found that the device is susceptible of practical construction.
Ho, Kai-Ming (Ames, IA); Chan, Che-Ting (Ames, IA); Soukoulis, Costas (Ames, IA)
Axial gap permanent-magnet machine with reluctance poles and PM element covers
An electric machine (10) has a disk-shaped rotor (24) disposed in an operating space between two opposing stator assemblies (11, 12) to provide two axial air gaps (15, 16). The rotor (24) has a hub (28) and an outer ring (26) of non-magnetic material and is further provided with a plurality of permanent magnetic elements (25) for coupling flux that is induced by the magnetic field of the stator assemblies (11, 12). The permanent magnetic elements (25) are spaced apart and reluctance poles (27) are positioned in spaces between the magnetic elements (25) to couple additional flux induced by the magnetic field of the stator assemblies (11, 12). Various constructions and shapes (40-45) for the PM magnetic elements (25) are disclosed, and including PM covers (60) of ferromagnetic material for enhancing q-axis flux in the air gaps (15, 16) and for reducing harmonics where toothed stators are used. Methods of providing increased torque using the the various rotor constructions are also disclosed.
Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN; McKeever, John W [Oak Ridge, TN
A stainless steel, Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) chamber, featuring a large vertical rectangular port (53''W by 16''H), has been fabricated to house the one-meter magnet assembly of a newly installed undulator insertion device for beamline X-25 at the National Synchrotron Light Source. To achieve UHV, the new chamber is equipped with a differential ion pump, NEG pump, nude ion gauge, residual gas analyzer, and an all metal roughing valve. Temperature of the magnet assembly is maintained below 90 C during vacuum bake. The large rectangular port cover is sealed to the main flange of the chamber using a one-piece flat aluminum gasket and special sealing surfaces developed exclusively by Nor-Cal Products, Inc. The large flange provides easy access to the gap of the installed magnet girders for in situ magnetic measurements and shimming. Special window ports were designed into the cover and chamber for manipulation of optical micrometers external to the chamber to provide precise measurements of the in-vacuum magnet gap. The vacuum chamber assembly features independently vacuum-isolated feedthroughs that can be used for either water-or-cryogenic refrigeration-cooling of the monolithic magnet girders. This would allow for cryogenic-cooled permanent magnet operation and has been successfully tested within temperature range of +100 C to -150 C. Details of the undulator assembly for beamline X-25 is described in the paper.
Identification and Analysis of Critical Gaps in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Codes Required by the SINEMA Program
The current state of the art in nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) modeling is an eclectic mixture of codes with various levels of applicability, flexibility, and availability. In support of the advanced fuel cycle systems analyses, especially those by the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), Unviery of Cincinnati in collaboration with Idaho State University carried out a detailed review of the existing codes describing various aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle and identified the research and development needs required for a comprehensive model of the global nuclear energy infrastructure and the associated nuclear fuel cycles. Relevant information obtained on the NFC codes was compiled into a relational database that allows easy access to various codes' properties. Additionally, the research analyzed the gaps in the NFC computer codes with respect to their potential integration into programs that perform comprehensive NFC analysis.
Adrian Miron; Joshua Valentine; John Christenson; Majd Hawwari; Santosh Bhatt; Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar: Michael Lineberry
CAST solar axion search with 3^He buffer gas: Closing the hot dark matter gap
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has finished its search for solar axions with 3^He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV < m_a <1.17 eV. This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually overlaps with it. From the absence of excess X-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g_ag < 3.3 x 10^{-10} GeV^{-1} at 95% CL, with the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of g_a, for example by the currently discussed next generation helioscope IAXO.
M. Arik; S. Aune; K. Barth; A. Belov; S. Borghi; H. Brauninger; G. Cantatore; J. M. Carmona; S. A. Cetin; J. I. Collar; E. Da Riva; T. Dafni; M. Davenport; C. Eleftheriadis; N. Elias; G. Fanourakis; E. Ferrer-Ribas; P. Friedrich; J. Galan; J. A. Garcia; A. Gardikiotis; J. G. Garza; E. N. Gazis; T. Geralis; E. Georgiopoulou; I. Giomataris; S. Gninenko; H. Gomez; M. Gomez Marzoa; E. Gruber; T. Guthorl; R. Hartmann; S. Hauf; F. Haug; M. D. Hasinoff; D. H. H. Hoffmann; F. J. Iguaz; I. G. Irastorza; J. Jacoby; K. Jakovcic; M. Karuza; K. Konigsmann; R. Kotthaus; M. Krcmar; M. Kuster; B. Lakic; P. M. Lang; J. M. Laurent; A. Liolios; A. Ljubicic; V. Lozza; G. Luzon; S. Neff; T. Niinikoski; A. Nordt; T. Papaevangelou; M. J. Pivovaroff; G. Raffelt; H. Riege; A. Rodriguez; M. Rosu; J. Ruz; I. Savvidis; I. Shilon; P. S. Silva; S. K. Solanki; L. Stewart; A. Tomas; M. Tsagri; K. van Bibber; T. Vafeiadis; J. Villar; J. K. Vogel; S. C. Yildiz; K. Zioutas
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements and Analysis of Bypass Data for a Scaled 6mm Gap
The purpose of the fluid dynamics experiments in the MIR (Matched Index of-Refraction) flow system at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is to develop benchmark databases for the assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions of the momentum equations, scalar mixing, and turbulence models for the flow ratios between coolant channels and bypass gaps in the interstitial regions of typical prismatic standard fuel element (SFE) or upper reflector block geometries of typical Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (MHTGR) in the limiting case of negligible buoyancy and constant fluid properties. The experiments will use optical techniques, primarily particle image velocimetry (PIV) in the INL Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) flow system.
J.R. Wolf; T.E. Conder; R.R. Schultz
Band gap corrections for molecules and solids using Koopmans theorem and Wannier functions
We have proposed a method for correcting the Kohn-Sham eigen energies in the density functional theory (DFT) based on the Koopmans theorem using Wannier functions. The method provides a general approach applicable for molecules and solids for electronic structure calculations. It does not have any adjustable parameters and the computational cost is at the DFT level. For solids, the calculated eigen energies agree well with the experiments for not only the band gaps, but also the energies of other valence and conduction bands. For molecules, the calculated eigen energies agree well with the experimental ionization potentials and electron affinities, and show better trends than the traditional Delta-self-consistent-field (?SCF) results.
Ma, Jie
Strategies to Address Identified Education Gaps in the Preparation of a National Security Workforce
This report will discuss strategies available to address identified gaps and weaknesses in education efforts aimed at the preparation of a skilled and properly trained national security workforce.The need to adequately train and educate a national security workforce is at a critical juncture. Even though there are an increasing number of college graduates in the appropriate fields, many of these graduates choose to work in the private sector because of more desirable salary and benefit packages. This is contributing to an inability to fill vacant positions at NNSA resulting from high personnel turnover from the large number of retirements. Further, many of the retirees are practically irreplaceable because they are Cold War scientists that have experience and expertise with nuclear weapons.
Bott periodicity for $Z_2$ symmetric ground states of gapped free-fermion systems
Building on the symmetry classification of disordered fermions, we give a proof of the proposal by Kitaev, and others, for a "Bott clock" topological classification of free-fermion ground states of gapped systems with symmetries. Our approach differs from previous ones in that (i) we work in the standard framework of Hermitian quantum mechanics over the complex numbers, (ii) we directly formulate a mathematical model for ground states rather than spectrally flattened Hamiltonians, and (iii) we use homotopy-theoretic tools rather than K-theory. Key to our proof is a natural transformation that squares to the standard Bott map and relates the ground state of a d-dimensional system in symmetry class s to the ground state of a (d+1)-dimensional system in symmetry class s+1. This relation gives a new vantage point on topological insulators and superconductors.
Ricardo Kennedy; Martin R. Zirnbauer
Research gaps and technology needs in development of PHM for passive AdvSMR components
Advanced small modular reactors (AdvSMRs), which are based on modularization of advanced reactor concepts, may provide a longer-term alternative to traditional light-water reactors and near-term small modular reactors (SMRs), which are based on integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) concepts. SMRs are challenged economically because of losses in economy of scale; thus, there is increased motivation to reduce the controllable operations and maintenance costs through automation technologies including prognostics health management (PHM) systems. In this regard, PHM systems have the potential to play a vital role in supporting the deployment of AdvSMRs and face several unique challenges with respect to implementation for passive AdvSMR components. This paper presents a summary of a research gaps and technical needs assessment performed for implementation of PHM for passive AdvSMR components.
Meyer, Ryan M.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Hirt, Evelyn H.; Mitchell, Mark R.; Wootan, David W.; Berglin, Eric J.; Henagar, Chuck H. Jr. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (United States); Coble, Jamie B. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 315 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Bond, Leonard J. [Iowa State University, Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, 1915 Scholl Rd., Ames, IA 50011 (United States)
Rotating Bose-Einstein condensates: Closing the gap between exact and mean-field solutions
When a Bose-Einstein condensed cloud of atoms is given some angular momentum, it forms vortices arranged in structures with a discrete rotational symmetry. For these vortex states, the Hilbert space of the exact solution separates into a "primary" space related to the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii solution and a "complementary" space including the corrections beyond mean-field. Considering a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of harmonically-trapped atoms, we demonstrate how this separation can be used to close the conceptual gap between exact solutions for systems with only a few atoms and the thermodynamic limit for which the mean-field is the correct leading-order approximation. Although we illustrate this approach for the case of weak interactions, it is expected to be more generally valid.
Cremon, J C; Karabulut, E \\" O; Kavoulakis, G M; Mottelson, B R; Reimann, S M
Finite-Temperature Pairing Gap of a Unitary Fermi Gas by Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations
We calculate the one-body temperature Green's (Matsubara) function of the unitary Fermi gas via quantum Monte Carlo, and extract the spectral weight function A(p,omega) using the methods of maximum entropy and singular value decomposition. From A(p,omega) we determine the quasiparticle spectrum, which can be accurately parametrized by three functions of temperature: an effective mass m*, a mean-field potential U, and a gap DELTA. Below the critical temperature T{sub c}=0.15epsilon{sub F} the results for m*, U, and DELTA can be accurately reproduced using an independent quasiparticle model. We find evidence of a pseudogap in the fermionic excitation spectrum for temperatures up to T*{approx_equal}0.20{epsilon}{sub F}>T{sub c}.
Magierski, Piotr; Wlazlowski, Gabriel [Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ulica Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw (Poland); Bulgac, Aurel; Drut, Joaquin E. [Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560 (United States)
Coherent Synchrotron-Based Micro-Imaging Employed for Studies of Micro-Gap Formation in Dental Implants
Biocompatible materials such as titanium are regularly applied in oral surgery. Titanium-based implants for the replacement of missing teeth demand a high mechanical precision in order to minimize micro-bacterial leakage, especially when two-piece concepts are used. Synchrotron-based hard x-ray radiography, unlike conventional laboratory radiography, allows high spatial resolution in combination with high contrast even when micro-sized features in such highly attenuating objects are visualized. Therefore, micro-gap formation at interfaces in two-piece dental implants with the sample under different mechanical loads can be studied. We show the existence of micro-gaps in implants with conical connections and study the mechanical behavior of the mating zone of conical implants during loading. The micro-gap is a potential source of implant failure, i.e., bacterial leakage, which can be a stimulus for an inflammatory process.
Rack, T.; Stiller, M.; Nelson, K. [Charite, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Benjamin Franklin, 13353 Berlin (Germany); Zabler, S. [Technische Universitaet Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany); Rack, A. [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble (France); Riesemeier, H. [Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, Unter den Eichen 80, 12205 Berlin (Germany); Cecilia, A. [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - ANKA, Pf. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)
Gap Analysis of Material Properties Data for Ferritic/Martensitic HT-9 Steel
The US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), is supporting the development of an ASME Code Case for adoption of 12Cr-1Mo-VW ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steel, commonly known as HT-9, primarily for use in elevated temperature design of liquid-metal fast reactors (LMFR) and components. In 2011, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) nuclear engineering staff began assisting in the development of a small modular reactor (SMR) design concept, previously known as the Hyperion Module, now called the Gen4 Module. LANL staff immediately proposed HT-9 for the reactor vessel and components, as well as fuel clad and ducting, due to its superior thermal qualities. Although the ASME material Code Case, for adoption of HT-9 as an approved elevated temperature material for LMFR service, is the ultimate goal of this project, there are several key deliverables that must first be successfully accomplished. The most important key deliverable is the research, accumulation, and documentation of specific material parameters; physical, mechanical, and environmental, which becomes the basis for an ASME Code Case. Time-independent tensile and ductility data and time-dependent creep and creep-rupture behavior are some of the material properties required for a successful ASME Code case. Although this report provides a cursory review of the available data, a much more comprehensive study of open-source data would be necessary. This report serves three purposes: (a) provides a list of already existing material data information that could ultimately be made available to the ASME Code, (b) determines the HT-9 material properties data missing from available sources that would be required and (c) estimates the necessary material testing required to close the gap. Ultimately, the gap analysis demonstrates that certain material properties testing will be required to fulfill the necessary information package for an ASME Code Case.
Brown, Neil R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Serrano De Caro, Magdalena [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez, Edward A. [Global Nuclear Network Analysis, LLC
Sodium fast reactor gaps analysis of computer codes and models for accident analysis and reactor safety.
This report summarizes the results of an expert-opinion elicitation activity designed to qualitatively assess the status and capabilities of currently available computer codes and models for accident analysis and reactor safety calculations of advanced sodium fast reactors, and identify important gaps. The twelve-member panel consisted of representatives from five U.S. National Laboratories (SNL, ANL, INL, ORNL, and BNL), the University of Wisconsin, the KAERI, the JAEA, and the CEA. The major portion of this elicitation activity occurred during a two-day meeting held on Aug. 10-11, 2010 at Argonne National Laboratory. There were two primary objectives of this work: (1) Identify computer codes currently available for SFR accident analysis and reactor safety calculations; and (2) Assess the status and capability of current US computer codes to adequately model the required accident scenarios and associated phenomena, and identify important gaps. During the review, panel members identified over 60 computer codes that are currently available in the international community to perform different aspects of SFR safety analysis for various event scenarios and accident categories. A brief description of each of these codes together with references (when available) is provided. An adaptation of the Predictive Capability Maturity Model (PCMM) for computational modeling and simulation is described for use in this work. The panel's assessment of the available US codes is presented in the form of nine tables, organized into groups of three for each of three risk categories considered: anticipated operational occurrences (AOOs), design basis accidents (DBA), and beyond design basis accidents (BDBA). A set of summary conclusions are drawn from the results obtained. At the highest level, the panel judged that current US code capabilities are adequate for licensing given reasonable margins, but expressed concern that US code development activities had stagnated and that the experienced user-base and the experimental validation base was decaying away quickly.
Carbajo, Juan (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Jeong, Hae-Yong (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea); Wigeland, Roald (Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID); Corradini, Michael (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI); Schmidt, Rodney Cannon; Thomas, Justin (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL); Wei, Tom (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL); Sofu, Tanju (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL); Ludewig, Hans (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY); Tobita, Yoshiharu (Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki-ken, Japan); Ohshima, Hiroyuki (Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki-ken, Japan); Serre, Frederic (Centre d'%C3%94etudes nucl%C3%94eaires de Cadarache %3CU%2B2013%3E CEA, France)
Analytic description of SU(3) lattice thermodynamics within the mass gap approach. I
A general method how to analytically describe and understand $SU(3)$ lattice thermodynamics within the effective potential approach for composite operators properly generalized to finite temperature and density is formulated and used. This makes it possible to introduce into this formalism a dependence on the mass gap, which is responsible for the large-scale dynamical structure of the QCD ground state. The gluon plasma pressure adjusted by this approach to the corresponding lattice data is shown to be a continuously growing function of temperature in the whole temperature range $[0, \\infty)$. The entropy and energy densities have finite jump discontinuities at some characteristic temperature $T_c = 266.5$ MeV with latent heat $\\epsilon_{LH}= 1.41$. This is a firm evidence of the first-order phase transition in $SU(3)$ pure gluon plasma. The heat capacity has a $\\delta$-type singularity (an essential discontinuity) at $T_c$, so that the velocity of sound squared becomes zero at this point. All the independent thermodynamic quantities are exponentially suppressed below $T_c$ and rather slowly approach their respective Stefan-Boltzmann limits at high temperatures. Those thermodynamic quantities which are the ratios of their independent counterparts such as conformity, conformality and the velocity of sound squared approach their Stefan-Boltzmann limits at high temperatures rather rapidly and demonstrate a non-trivial dependence on the temperature below $T_c$. We also calculate the trace anomaly relation (the interaction measure) and the gluon condensate, which are especially sensitive to the non-perturbative effects. All the calculated thermodynamic quantities have a complicate and rather different dependence on the mass gap across $T_c$. An analytical description of the dynamical structure of $SU(3)$ gluon plasma is given as well.
V. Gogokhia; A. Shurgaia; M. Vas�th
Targeting of PlantTargeting of Plant RanGAPRanGAP to the Nuclear Envelopeto the Nuclear Envelope Annkatrin Rose,Annkatrin Rose, ShalakaShalaka S. Patel, Iris MeierS. Patel, Iris Meier
Targeting of PlantTargeting of Plant RanGAPRanGAP to the Nuclear Envelopeto the Nuclear Envelope RanGAP1 and tomato MAF1. Plant RanGAP and MAF1 are targeted to the nuclear envelope in plant cells to be cytoplasmic. Plant RanGAP contains a N- terminal domain shared with the nuclear envelope protein MAF1 (cyan
Meier, Iris
Magnetism and interaction-induced gap opening in graphene with vacancies or hydrogen adatoms: Quantum Monte Carlo study
We study electronic properties of graphene with finite concentration of vacancies or other resonant scatterers by a straightforward lattice Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Taking into account realistic long-range Coulomb interaction we calculate distribution of spin density associated to midgap states and demonstrate antiferromagnetic ordering. Energy gap are open due to the interaction effects, both in the bare graphene spectrum and in the vacancy/impurity bands. In the case of 5 % concentration of resonant scatterers the latter gap is estimated as 0.7 eV and 1.1 eV for graphene on boron nitride and freely suspended graphene, respectively.
M. V. Ulybyshev; M. I. Katsnelson
Ulybyshev, M V
Thermal conductivity of the electrode gap of a therminonic converter, filled with inert gases, at low pressures
This paper presents experimental data on the thermal conductivity of the electrode gap of a thermionic converter filled with He, Ar, and Xe in the pessure range 40-550 Pa. The need to account for the coefficients of thermal accomodation of the emitter-inert-gas-collector system in this range is shown. The accomodation coefficients for different temperature regimes are measured and expressions are obtained to calculate the heat flux transported by the inert gases in the electrode gap. A diagram of the experimental thermionic converter is shown.
Supporting Information Detailed Structure of the H2PO4
attacking water being necessary for hydrolysis. In total 28 atoms were described by the SCC with the CHARMM force field.12 The system for the substate GTP in the Ras·GAP was firstly pre-equilibrated for 500
Gerwert, Klaus
Effects of surface termination on the band gap of ultrabright Si29 nanoparticles: Experiments and computational models
Effects of surface termination on the band gap of ultrabright Si29 nanoparticles: Experiments constituting a H-terminated reconstructed Si surface was recently proposed as a structural prototype termination with a N linkage in butylamine and O linkage in pentane . The emission band for N-termination
Braun, Paul
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 22 SEPTEMBER 2013 | DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS2762 A large-energy-gap oxide topological insulator
topological insulator based on the superconductor BaBiO3 Binghai Yan1,2,3 *, Martin Jansen1 and Claudia Felser1,3 Topological insulators are a new class of quantum materials that are characterized by robust topological surface states (TSSs) inside the bulk insulating gap1,2 , which hold great po- tential
Loss, Daniel
Developments for a Swept Wing Airfoil to Study the Effects of Step and Gap Excrescences on Boundary Layer Transition
on excrescences on flat plates, and only recently included pressure gradient effects. A new three-dimensional swept wing airfoil with an actuated leading edge (SWIFTER) has been constructed, and will extend the body of knowledge of step and gap excrescences to a...
Hedderman, Simon Peter
Calculation of free-energy differences and potentials of mean force by a multi-energy gap method
Calculation of free-energy differences and potentials of mean force by a multi-energy gap method the convergence of free-energy calculations. It introduces a bias factor in Monte Carlo simulations or.e., the difference in energy function between two states, and is therefore specifically designed for calculating free-energy
Weston, Ken
Scientific Issues and Gaps for High-Performance Steady-State Burning-Plasmas Fusion Innovation Research and Energy
Innovation Research and Energy Princeton, NJ 08540 Introduction Fusion energy is a potential energy source for an electricity producing power plant. Recently, the FESAC Priorities, Gaps and Opportunities Panel identified, and extracting plasma exhaust power) Theme C Harnessing the Power of Fusion (extracting neutron power, breeding
Analysis of roll gap heat transfers in hot steel strip rolling through roll temperature sensors and heat transfer models
Analysis of roll gap heat transfers in hot steel strip rolling through roll temperature sensors and heat transfer models N. Legrand1,a , N. Labbe1,b D. Weisz-Patrault2,c , A. Ehrlacher2,d , T. Luks3,e heat transfers during pilot hot steel strip rolling. Two types of temperature sensors (drilled and slot
AL presents a remedy to duality gap encountered with the ordinary Lagrangian for nonconvex problems. It shapes the Lagrangian function
AL presents a remedy to duality gap encountered with the ordinary Lagrangian for nonconvex problems with pumped-storage units. An IEEE 24-bus test system is used for AL performance illustration. Com- putational models are all coded in C. The results ofthe test case show that the AL approach can provide better
Gross, George
An Extended Dead-End Elimination Algorithm to Determine Gap-Free Lists of Low Energy States
modelling; global energy minimum; bacteriorhodopsin; protonation state; pH titration; X-DEE; dead of lowest free energy is the most prob- able and thus of primary interest in structural research. ProteinsAn Extended Dead-End Elimination Algorithm to Determine Gap-Free Lists of Low Energy States EDDA
Ullmann, G. Matthias
P-157 / Z. Ge P-157: A Single Cell-gap Transflective VA LCD using Positive Liquid Crystal
Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 2 College of Optics and Photonics, University efficiency is also enhanced and it only requires a single gamma curve for both transmissive and reflective the optical efficiency. But the need for accurate control of the cell gaps results in complicated fabrication
Wu, Shin-Tson
Here, we present the fabrication and use of plastic Photonic Band Gap Bragg fibres in photonic textiles for applications in
Here, we present the fabrication and use of plastic Photonic Band Gap Bragg fibres in photonic�section, Bragg fibres feature periodic sequence of layers of two distinct plastics. Under ambient illumination SCHICKER2 , NING GUO1 , CHARLES DUBOIS3 , RACHEL WINGFIELD2 & MAKSIM SKOROBOGATIY1 COLOUR-ON-DEMAND
Skorobogatiy, Maksim
Absorption of Narrow-Gap HgCdTe Near the Band Edge Including Nonparabolicity and the Urbach Tail
Absorption of Narrow-Gap HgCdTe Near the Band Edge Including Nonparabolicity and the Urbach Tail, USA. 6.--e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com An analytical model describing the absorption behavior of Hg1-x. This model smoothly fits experimental absorption coefficients over energies ranging from the Urbach tail
Flatte, Michael E.
Photovoltaic devices with low band gap polymers Eva Bundgaarda, Sean Shaheenb, David S. Ginleyb, Frederik C. Krebsa
Photovoltaic devices with low band gap polymers Eva Bundgaarda, Sean Shaheenb, David S. Ginleyb, Colorado, USA Abstract Progress in organic photovoltaic devices has recently resulted in reported temperature, active area of the device and molecular weight of the polymer, on the photovoltaic response
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 84, 075144 (2011) Fundamental and excitation gaps in molecules of relevance for organic photovoltaics from an
for organic photovoltaics from an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional Sivan Refaely-Abramson,1 and optical gaps of relevant molecular systems are of primary importance for organic-based photovoltaics of photovoltaically relevant and other molecular systems. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075144 PACS number(s): 71.15.Mb I
Baer, Roi
Study of the superconducting gap in RNi2B2C,,RY, Lu... single crystals by inelastic light scattering
Study of the superconducting gap in RNi2B2C,,R�?Y, Lu... single crystals by inelastic light Initiative Center for Superconductivity, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 790-390 Pohang, Korea Received 28 February 2000 Superconductivity-induced changes in the electronic
Yang, In-Sang
Band gap tuning in GaN through equibiaxial in-plane strains S. K. Yadav,2
in photovoltaics and light emission diodes LEDs . The InGaN system has been intensively studied during the past to the large atomic size mismatch between Ga and In.3 Thus, other methods to tune the band gap are needed for potential appli- cations of GaN and related materials systems. It is well-known that the structure
Alpay, S. Pamir
Predicting New TiO2 Phases with Low Band Gaps by a Multiobjective Global Optimization Approach
stable. This is equivalent to a global optimization problem of a biobjective function, i.e., total energyPredicting New TiO2 Phases with Low Band Gaps by a Multiobjective Global Optimization Approach Hou as a novel global optimization algorithm to predict new polymorphs of bulk TiO2 with better optical
Gong, Xingao
Wide-band-gap InAlAs solar cell for an alternative multijunction approach Marina S. Leite,1,a
Wide-band-gap InAlAs solar cell for an alternative multijunction approach Marina S. Leite,1,a Robyn L. Woo,2 William D. Hong,2 Daniel C. Law,2 and Harry A. Atwater1 1 California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA 2 Boeing-Spectrolab Inc., 12500
Atwater, Harry
L-asparagine crystals with wide gap semiconductor features: Optical absorption measurements and density functional theory computations
Results of optical absorption measurements are presented together with calculated structural, electronic, and optical properties for the anhydrous monoclinic L-asparagine crystal. Density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) including dispersion effects (TS, Grimme) was employed to perform the calculations. The optical absorption measurements revealed that the anhydrous monoclinic L-asparagine crystal is a wide band gap material with 4.95 eV main gap energy. DFT-GGA+TS simulations, on the other hand, produced structural parameters in very good agreement with X-ray data. The lattice parameter differences ?a, ?b, ?c between theory and experiment were as small as 0.020, 0.051, and 0.022��, respectively. The calculated band gap energy is smaller than the experimental data by about 15%, with a 4.23 eV indirect band gap corresponding to Z???? and Z???? transitions. Three other indirect band gaps of 4.30 eV, 4.32 eV, and 4.36 eV are assigned to ?3 ???, ?1 ???, and ?2 ??? transitions, respectively. ?-sol computations, on the other hand, predict a main band gap of 5.00 eV, just 50 meV above the experimental value. Electronic wavefunctions mainly originating from O 2p�carboxyl, C 2p�side chain, and C 2p�carboxyl orbitals contribute most significantly to the highest valence and lowest conduction energy bands, respectively. By varying the lattice parameters from their converged equilibrium values, we show that the unit cell is less stiff along the b direction than for the a and c directions. Effective mass calculations suggest that hole transport behavior is more anisotropic than electron transport, but the mass values allow for some charge mobility except along a direction perpendicular to the molecular layers of L-asparagine which form the crystal, so anhydrous monoclinic L-asparagine crystals could behave as wide gap semiconductors. Finally, the calculations point to a high degree of optical anisotropy for the absorption and complex dielectric function, with more structured curves for incident light polarized along the 100 and 101 directions.
Zanatta, G.; Gottfried, C. [Departamento de Bioqu�mica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre-RS (Brazil)] [Departamento de Bioqu�mica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre-RS (Brazil); Silva, A. M. [Universidade Estadual do Piau�, 64260-000 Piripiri-Pi (Brazil)] [Universidade Estadual do Piau�, 64260-000 Piripiri-Pi (Brazil); Caetano, E. W. S., E-mail: email@example.com [Instituto de Educa��o, Ci�ncia e Tecnologia do Cear�, 60040-531 Fortaleza-CE (Brazil)] [Instituto de Educa��o, Ci�ncia e Tecnologia do Cear�, 60040-531 Fortaleza-CE (Brazil); Sales, F. A. M.; Freire, V. N. [Departamento de F�sica, Universidade Federal do Cear�, Caixa Postal 6030, 60455-760 Fortaleza-CE (Brazil)] [Departamento de F�sica, Universidade Federal do Cear�, Caixa Postal 6030, 60455-760 Fortaleza-CE (Brazil)
Spatial variation of dosimetric leaf gap and its impact on dose delivery
Purpose: During dose calculation, the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) retracts the multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf positions by half of the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) value (measured at central axis) for all leaf positions in a dynamic MLC plan to accurately model the rounded leaf ends. The aim of this study is to map the variation of DLG along the travel path of each MLC leaf pair and quantify how this variation impacts delivered dose. Methods: 6 MV DLG values were measured for all MLC leaf pairs in increments of 1.0 cm (from the line intersecting the CAX and perpendicular to MLC motion) to 13.0 cm off axis distance at dmax. The measurements were performed on two Varian linear accelerators, both employing the Millennium 120-leaf MLCs. The measurements were performed at several locations in the beam with both a Sun Nuclear MapCHECK device and a PTW pinpoint ion chamber. Results: The measured DLGs for the middle 40 MLC leaf pairs (each 0.5 cm width) at positions along a line through the CAX and perpendicular to MLC leaf travel direction were very similar, varying maximally by only 0.2 mm. The outer 20 MLC leaf pairs (each 1.0 cm width) have much lower DLG values, about 0.3�0.5 mm lower than the central MLC leaf pair, at their respective central line position. Overall, the mean and the maximum variation between the 0.5 cm width leaves and the 1.0 cm width leaf pairs are 0.32 and 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The spatial variation in DLG is caused by the variation of intraleaf transmission through MLC leaves. Fluences centered on the CAX would not be affected since DLG does not vary; but any fluences residing significantly off axis with narrow sweeping leaves may exhibit significant dose differences. This is due to the fact that there are differences in DLG between the true DLG exhibited by the 1.0 cm width outer leaves and the constant DLG value utilized by the TPS for dose calculation. Since there are large differences in DLG between the 0.5 cm width leaf pairs and 1.0 cm width leaf pairs, there is a need to correct the TPS plans, especially those with high modulation (narrow dynamic MLC gap), with 2D variation of DLG.
Kumaraswamy, Lalith K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 and Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 (United States); Schmitt, Jonathan D. [Department of Radiation Medicine, RadAmerica, LLC-MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21237 (United States); Bailey, Daniel W. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Northside Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia 30342 (United States); Xu, Zheng Zheng [Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 (United States); Podgorsak, Matthew B. [Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 (United States); Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 (United States); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 (United States)
Of Horseshoes and Heliotropes: Dynamics of Dust in the Encke Gap
The Encke Gap is a 320-km-wide opening in Saturn's outer A ring that contains the orbit of the small moon Pan and an array of dusty features composed of particles less than 100 microns across. In particular, there are three narrow ringlets in this region that are not longitudinally homogeneous, but instead contain series of bright clumps. Using images obtained by the Cassini spacecraft, we track the motions of these clumps and demonstrate that they do not follow the predicted trajectories of isolated ring particles moving under the influence of Saturn's and Pan's gravitational fields. We also examine the orbital properties of these ringlets by comparing images taken at different longitudes and times. We find evidence that the orbits of these particles have forced eccentricities induced by solar radiation pressure. In addition, the mean radial positions of the particles in these ringlets appear to vary with local co-rotating longitude, perhaps due to the combined action of drag forces, gravitational perturbati...
Hedman, M M; Hamilton, D P; Showalter, M R
Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of some T Tauri stars display a deficit of near-IR flux that could be a consequence of an embedded Jupiter-mass planet partially clearing an inner hole in the circumstellar disc. Here, we use two-dimensional numerical simulations of the planet-disc interaction, in concert with simple models for the dust dynamics, to quantify how a planet influences the dust at different radii within the disc. We show that pressure gradients at the outer edge of the gap cleared by the planet act as a filter - letting particles smaller than a critical size through to the inner disc while holding back larger particles in the outer disc. The critical particle size depends upon the disc properties, but is typically of the order of 10 microns. This filtration process will lead to discontinuous grain populations across the planet's orbital radius, with small grains in the inner disc and an outer population of larger grains. We show that this type of dust population is qualitatively consistent with SED modelling of systems that have optically thin inner holes in their circumstellar discs. This process can also produce a very large gas-to-dust ratio in the inner disc, potentially explaining those systems with optically thin inner cavities that still have relatively high accretion rates.
W. K. M. Rice; Philip J. Armitage; Kenneth Wood; Giuseppe Lodato
Entanglement Entropy of Gapped Phases and Topological Order in Three dimensions
We discuss entanglement entropy of gapped ground states in different dimensions, obtained on partitioning space into two regions. For trivial phases without topological order, we argue that the entanglement entropy may be obtained by integrating an `entropy density' over the partition boundary that admits a gradient expansion in the curvature of the boundary. This constrains the expansion of entanglement entropy as a function of system size, and points to an even-odd dependence on dimensionality. For example, in contrast to the familiar result in two dimensions, a size independent constant contribution to the entanglement entropy can appear for trivial phases in any odd spatial dimension. We then discuss phases with topological entanglement entropy (TEE) that cannot be obtained by adding local contributions. We find that in three dimensions there is just one type of TEE, as in two dimensions, that depends linearly on the number of connected components of the boundary (the `zeroth Betti number'). In D > 3 dimensions, new types of TEE appear which depend on the higher Betti numbers of the boundary manifold. We construct generalized toric code models that exhibit these TEEs and discuss ways to extract TEE in D >=3.
Tarun Grover; Ari M. Turner; Ashvin Vishwanath
Gallium arsenide-based ternary compounds and multi-band-gap solar cell research
Aim of this contract is the achievement of a high-efficiency, low-cost solar cell. The basic approach to the problem is centered upon the heteroepitaxial growth of a III-V compound material onto a single-crystal silicon wafer. The growth technique employed is metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The silicon wafer may serve as a mechanical substrate and ohmic contact for a single-junction device, or may contain a p-n junction of its own and form the bottom cell of a two junction tandem solar cell structure. The III-V material for the single-junction case is GaAs and for the two-junction case is either GaAlAs or GaAsP, either material having the proper composition to yield a band gap of approximately 1.7 eV. Results achieved in this contract include the following: (1) a 17.6% efficient GaAs-on-Si solar cell; (2) an 18.5% efficient GaAs-on-Si concentrator solar cell at 400 suns; (3) a 24.8% efficient GaAs-on-GaAs solar cell; (4) a 28.7% efficient GaAs-on-GaAs concentrator solar cell at 200 suns; (5) measurement of the effects of dislocation density and emitter doping on GaAs cells; and (6) improvements in the growth process to achieve reproducible thin AlGaAs window layers with low recombination velocities and environmental stability.
Vernon, S. (Spire Corp., Bedford, MA (United States))
Design of a high power density, permanent magnet, axial gap dc motor
In the design of drive motors for undersea vehicles, the premium placed on noise suppression suggests the use of a brush-commutated dc motor. The additional constraints of weight and volume, as well as unusual configuration, presents the axial air-gap configuration, with a permanent magnet field, as a viable candidate. In such a configuration the design of the brushes and commutator and the resulting structure becomes critical. The report describes a novel solution to this problem. The basic motor consists of two discs containing permanent magnets on either side of a magnetic structure containing the copper windings. An advantage of this motor concept is that copper cooling may easily be accomplished through the use of liquid circulating through the stator windings. The role of field and armature in a conventional disc motor configuration are reversed. The two discs containing the permanent magnets are rotating. The brushes are on the discs. The magnetic structure with the coils is stationary. The commutator bars are imbedded in the stationary member. Input power is supplied to the brushes through a brush-and-slip ring assembly. An electromagnetic design analysis for a 92 ft-lb, 700 rpm motor was performed. A finite element analysis has been conducted and the results show that magnetic saturation is not a limiting factor in this design. The motor torque is achievable within weight and volume constraints. 9 figs., 1 tab.
Hawsey, R.A.; Daniel, D.S.; Thomas, R.J. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Bailey, J.M. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (USA))
Myers-Perry black holes with scalar hair and a mass gap
We construct a family of asymptotically flat, rotating black holes with scalar hair and a regular horizon, within five dimensional Einstein's gravity minimally coupled to a complex, massive scalar field doublet. These solutions are supported by rotation and have no static limit. They are described by their mass $M$, two equal angular momenta $J_1=J_2\\equiv J$ and a conserved Noether charge $Q$, measuring the scalar hair. For vanishing horizon size the solutions reduce to five dimensional boson stars. In the limit of vanishing Noether charge density, the scalar field becomes point-wise arbitrarily small and the geometry becomes, locally, arbitrarily close to that of a specific set of Myers-Perry black holes (MPBHs); but there remains a global difference with respect to the latter, manifest in a finite mass gap. Thus, the scalar hair never becomes a linear perturbation of MPBHs. This is a qualitative difference when compared to Kerr black holes with scalar hair~\\cite{Herdeiro:2014goa}. Whereas the existence of the latter can be anticipated in linear theory, from the existence of scalar bound states on the Kerr geometry (i.e. scalar clouds), the hair of these MPBHs is intrinsically non-linear.
Yves Brihaye; Carlos Herdeiro; Eugen Radu
Size-Dependent Optical and Electrochemical Energy Gaps Comparison of CdSe Nanolusters Meghan B. Teunis, Katie N. Lawrence, and Sukanta Dolai
Size-Dependent Optical and Electrochemical Energy Gaps Comparison of CdSe Nanolusters Meghan B, a comparison of the size dependent optical properties and electrochemical energy gaps of poly(ethylene glycol-dependent optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanocrystals have made them the focus of much research
Zhou, Yaoqi
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 83, 193403 (2011) First-principles study of strain-induced modulation of energy gaps of graphene/BN and BN bilayers
gaps of graphene/BN and BN bilayers Xiaoliang Zhong, Yoke Khin Yap, and Ravindra Pandey* Department May 2011) First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are performed on graphene/BN and BN bilayers to investigate the effect of the strain on their energy gaps. For the graphene/BN bilayer
Pandey, Ravi
Anchoring energy and cell gap effects on liquid crystal response time Xiangyi Nie, Ruibo Lu, Haiqing Xianyu, Thomas X. Wu, and Shin-Tson Wua
assumption is that the anchoring energy on LC-substrate surfaces is strong W . However, some LC devices haveAnchoring energy and cell gap effects on liquid crystal response time Xiangyi Nie, Ruibo Lu 2007 The anchoring energy and cell gap effects on liquid crystal response time 0 is analyzed
Electronic and structural properties of vacancies on and below the GaP,,110... surface G. Schwarz, A. Kley, J. Neugebauer, and M. Scheffler
Electronic and structural properties of vacancies on and below the GaP,,110... surface G. Schwarz and electronic structure of neutral surface and subsurface vacancies at the GaP 110 surface. The cation as well as the anion surface vacancy show a pronounced inward relaxation of the three nearest-neighbor atoms towards
Towards Direct-Gap Silicon Phases by the Inverse Band Structure Design Approach H. J. Xiang,1,2,* Bing Huang,2
phase with quasidirect gaps of 1.55 eV, which is a promising candidate for making thin-film solar cells have also been based on diamond Si in monocrystalline or large-grained polycrystalline form [1 gap of 1.55 eV. We suggest that these new Si phases could be used in thin-film solar cells
The low-low-level mixed waste regulatory gap: A disposal and recycle impasse
Small steel mills in the United States receive and melt scrap steel in electric arc furnaces. The off-gas from these furnaces carries dust to the bag house where the dust is trapped and recovered. The EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) dust contains hazardous components lead, cadmium and chromium, causing it to be designated as U.S. EPA hazardous waste K061. The dust also carries about 20% zinc, a valuable byproduct for recovery. The EAF dust is normally either disposed of at a landfill licensed for hazardous wastes, or sent to a High Temperature Metal Recovery (HTMR) facility for recycle processing. During the past few years, there have been a number of incidents in which an industrial gauge source, containing the radioisotope Cs-137, has been inadvertently included in a load of scrap steel charged to an arc furnace. In each incident, the cesium and its encapsulation and holder melted, releasing the cesium into the off-gas system where it became distributed in hundreds of tons of EAF dust in the ducts and in the bag house. The contaminated dust, having both hazardous and radioactive components is a mixed waste. A regulatory gap exists that prevents disposition of this material, through it has only a low-low-level of radioactivity. A risk assessment was conducted for a midwest steel company that experienced a cesium meltdown incident. Most of the stored dust from this incident has an activity level less than the limit for the lowest category of LLW by a factor of 5,800, and some is only slightly above background. The significant pathways calculated include direct exposure to masses of the dust, ingestion of leachate and groundwater at a hazardous waste landfill, and potential releases to air and water during HTMR recycle processing.
Logan, S.E. [S.E. Logan and Associates, Inc., Sante Fe, NM (United States)
X-Band Photonic Band-Gap Accelerator Structure Breakdown Experiment
In order to understand the performance of photonic band-gap (PBG) structures under realistic high gradient, high power, high repetition rate operation, a PBG accelerator structure was designed and tested at X band (11.424 GHz). The structure consisted of a single test cell with matching cells before and after the structure. The design followed principles previously established in testing a series of conventional pillbox structures. The PBG structure was tested at an accelerating gradient of 65 MV/m yielding a breakdown rate of two breakdowns per hour at 60 Hz. An accelerating gradient above 110 MV/m was demonstrated at a higher breakdown rate. Significant pulsed heating occurred on the surface of the inner rods of the PBG structure, with a temperature rise of 85 K estimated when operating in 100 ns pulses at a gradient of 100 MV/m and a surface magnetic field of 890 kA/m. A temperature rise of up to 250 K was estimated for some shots. The iris surfaces, the location of peak electric field, surprisingly had no damage, but the inner rods, the location of the peak magnetic fields and a large temperature rise, had significant damage. Breakdown in accelerator structures is generally understood in terms of electric field effects. These PBG structure results highlight the unexpected role of magnetic fields in breakdown. The hypothesis is presented that the moderate level electric field on the inner rods, about 14 MV/m, is enhanced at small tips and projections caused by pulsed heating, leading to breakdown. Future PBG structures should be built to minimize pulsed surface heating and temperature rise.
Marsh, Roark A.; /MIT /MIT /NIFS, Gifu /JAERI, Kyoto /LLNL, Livermore; Shapiro, Michael A.; Temkin, Richard J.; /MIT; Dolgashev, Valery A.; Laurent, Lisa L.; Lewandowski, James R.; Yeremian, A.Dian; Tantawi, Sami G.; /SLAC
Calibration Monitoring for Sensor Calibration Interval Extension: Gaps in the Current Science Base
Currently in the United States, periodic sensor recalibration is required for all safety-related sensors, typically occurring at every refueling outage, and it has emerged as a critical path item for shortening outage duration in some plants. International application of calibration monitoring has shown that sensors may operate for longer periods within calibration tolerances. This issue is expected to also be important as the United States looks to the next generation of reactor designs (such as small modular reactors and advanced concepts), given the anticipated longer refueling cycles, proposed advanced sensors, and digital instrumentation and control systems. Online monitoring (OLM) can be employed to identify those sensors that require calibration, allowing for calibration of only those sensors that need it. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) accepted the general concept of OLM for sensor calibration monitoring in 2000, but no U.S. plants have been granted the necessary license amendment to apply it. This paper summarizes a recent state-of-the-art assessment of online calibration monitoring in the nuclear power industry, including sensors, calibration practice, and OLM algorithms. This assessment identifies key research needs and gaps that prohibit integration of the NRC-approved online calibration monitoring system in the U.S. nuclear industry. Several technical needs were identified, including an understanding of the impacts of sensor degradation on measurements for both conventional and emerging sensors; the quantification of uncertainty in online calibration assessment; determination of calibration acceptance criteria and quantification of the effect of acceptance criteria variability on system performance; and assessment of the feasibility of using virtual sensor estimates to replace identified faulty sensors in order to extend operation to the next convenient maintenance opportunity.
Coble, Jamie B.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Meyer, Ryan M.; Hashemian, Hash; Shumaker, Brent; Cummins, Dara
Modeling of Gap Closure in Uranium-Zirconium Alloy Metal Fuel - A Test Problem
Uranium based binary and ternary alloy fuel is a possible candidate for advanced fast spectrum reactors with long refueling intervals and reduced liner heat rating [1]. An important metal fuel issue that can impact the fuel performance is the fuel-cladding gap closure, and fuel axial growth. The dimensional change in the fuel during irradiation is due to a superposition of the thermal expansion of the fuel due to heating, volumetric changes due to possible phase transformations that occur during heating and the swelling due to fission gas retention. The volumetric changes due to phase transformation depend both on the thermodynamics of the alloy system and the kinetics of phase change reactions that occur at the operating temperature. The nucleation and growth of fission gas bubbles that contributes to fuel swelling is also influenced by the local fuel chemistry and the microstructure. Once the fuel expands and contacts the clad, expansion in the radial direction is constrained by the clad, and the overall deformation of the fuel clad assembly depends upon the dynamics of the contact problem. The neutronics portion of the problem is also inherently coupled with microstructural evolution in terms of constituent redistribution and phase transformation. Because of the complex nature of the problem, a series of test problems have been defined with increasing complexity with the objective of capturing the fuel-clad interaction in complex fuels subjected to a wide range of irradiation and temperature conditions. The abstract, if short, is inserted here before the introduction section. If the abstract is long, it should be inserted with the front material and page numbered as such, then this page would begin with the introduction section.
Simunovic, Srdjan [ORNL; Ott, Larry J [ORNL; Gorti, Sarma B [ORNL; Nukala, Phani K [ORNL; Radhakrishnan, Balasubramaniam [ORNL; Turner, John A [ORNL
Electronic structure of Pt based topological Heusler compounds with C1{sub b} structure and 'zero band gap'
Besides of their well-known wide range of properties it was recently shown that many of the heavy Heusler semiconductors with 1:1:1 composition and C1{sub b} structure exhibit a zero band gap behavior and are topological insulators induced by their inverted band structure. In the present study, the electronic structure of the Heusler compounds PtYSb and PtLaBi was investigated by bulk sensitive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The measured valence band spectra are clearly resolved and in well agreement to the first-principles calculations of the electronic structure of the compounds. The experimental results give clear evidence for the zero band gap state.
Ouardi, Siham; Shekhar, Chandra; Fecher, Gerhard H.; Kozina, Xeniya; Stryganyuk, Gregory; Felser, Claudia [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet, D-55099 Mainz (Germany); Ueda, Shigenori; Kobayashi, Keisuke [NIMS Beamline Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan)
In-Line Post-Process Scribing for Reducing Cell to Module Efficiency Gap in Monolithic Thin Film Photovoltaics
The gap between cell and module efficiency is a major challenge for all photovoltaic (PV) technologies. For monolithic thin film PV modules, a significant fraction of this gap has been attributed to parasitic shunts, and other defects, distributed across the module. In this paper, we show that it is possible to contain or isolate these shunt defects, using the state of the art laser scribing processes, after the fabrication of the series connected module is finished. We discuss three possible alternatives, and quantify the performance gains for each technique. We demonstrate that using these techniques, it is possible to recover up to 50% of the power lost to parasitic shunts, which results in 1-2% (absolute) increase in module efficiencies for typical thin film PV technologies.
Dongaonkar, Sourabh
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 10 MAY 2009 | DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS1274 Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator
-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface Y. Xia1,2 , D. Qian1,3 , D. Hsieh1,2 , L insulators can give rise to a new phase of quantum matter, the so- called topological insulator, which can that a topological insulator2 with a single Dirac cone interfaced with a superconductor can form the most elementary
Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition
. INTRODUCTION Zinc oxide ZnO is a wide direct band-gap 3.37 eV semiconductor with a broad range of applications. Dimethylzinc DMZn , N2 gas, and high-purity O2 were used as the zinc source, carrier gas, and oxidizing agent including light-emitting devices,1 varistors,2 solar cells,3 and gas sensors.4 Moreover, ZnO is a promising
Experimental study on GaP surface damage threshold induced by a high repetition rate femtosecond laser
The surface damage threshold of undoped bulk <110> GaP induced by a high repetition rate femtosecond pulse at 1040 nm with a duration of 61 fs was studied. The threshold value was obtained by a linear fit of the incident single pulse fluence and was confirmed with a breakdown test around the threshold level. The result will be useful in high intensity, high repetition rate laser applications and ultrafast processes.
Li Yi; Liu Feng; Li Yanfeng; Chai Lu; Xing Qirong; Hu Minglie; Wang Chingyue
Of Horseshoes and Heliotropes: Dynamics of Dust in the Encke Gap M.M. Hedmana,, J.A. Burnsb, D.P. Hamiltonc, M.R. Showalterd
Of Horseshoes and Heliotropes: Dynamics of Dust in the Encke Gap M.M. Hedmana,, J.A. Burnsb, D demonstrates "heliotropic" behavior: its geometric center is displaced away from Saturn's center towards
Lattice-engineered Si{sub 1-x}Ge{sub x}-buffer on Si(001) for GaP integration
We report a detailed structure and defect characterization study on gallium phosphide (GaP) layers integrated on silicon (Si) (001) via silicon-germanium (SiGe) buffer layers. The presented approach uses an almost fully relaxed SiGe buffer heterostructure of only 400?nm thickness whose in-plane lattice constant is matched to GaP�not at room but at GaP deposition temperature. Single crystalline, pseudomorphic 270?nm thick GaP is successfully grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition on a 400?nm Si{sub 0.85}Ge{sub 0.15}/Si(001) heterosystem, but carries a 0.08% tensile strain after cooling down to room temperature due to the bigger thermal expansion coefficient of GaP with respect to Si. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies confirm the absence of misfit dislocations in the pseudomorphic GaP film but growth defects (e.g., stacking faults, microtwins, etc.) especially at the GaP/SiGe interface region are detected. We interpret these growth defects as a residue of the initial 3D island coalescence phase of the GaP film on the SiGe buffer. TEM-energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy studies reveal that these defects are often correlated with stoichiometric inhomogeneities in the GaP film. Time-of-flight Secondary ion mass spectrometry detects sharp heterointerfaces between GaP and SiGe films with a minor level of Ga diffusion into the SiGe buffer.
Skibitzki, Oliver, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Zaumseil, Peter; Yamamoto, Yuji; Andreas Schubert, Markus [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany); Paszuk, Agnieszka; Hannappel, Thomas [Technische Universit�t Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, 98693 Ilmenau (Germany); Hatami, Fariba; Ted Masselink, W. [Institut f�r Physik, Humboldt Universit�t zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Trampert, Achim [Paul Drude Institut f�r Festk�rperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany); Tillack, Bernd [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany); Technische Universit�t Berlin, HFT4, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin (Germany); Schroeder, Thomas [IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder) (Germany); Brandenburgische Technische Universit�t, Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, 03046 Cottbus (Germany)
Distinct Fermi Surface Topology and Nodeless Superconducting Gap in a Tl0:58Rb0:42Fe1:72Se2 Superconductor
-based superconductors reported so far. The Fermi surface around the M point shows a nearly isotropic superconducting gap) superconductors [6]. It is important to explore whether the high-Tc superconductiv- ity mechanism in this new FeDistinct Fermi Surface Topology and Nodeless Superconducting Gap in a ðTl0:58Rb0:42�?Fe1:72Se2
Tian, Weidong
A 10-year content analysis to assess research theme areas in agricultural education: gap analysis of future research priorities in the discipline.
A 10?YEAR CONTENT ANALYSIS TO ASSESS RESEARCH THEME AREAS IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: GAP ANALYSIS OF FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN THE DISCIPLINE A Dissertation by LESLIE DAWN JENKINS EDGAR Submitted to the Office of Graduate... IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: GAP ANALYSIS OF FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN THE DISCIPLINE A Dissertation by LESLIE DAWN JENKINS EDGAR Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements...
Edgar, Leslie Dawn
Technical Readiness and Gaps Analysis of Commercial Optical Materials and Measurement Systems for Advanced Small Modular Reactors
This report intends to support Department of Energy�s Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap and industry stakeholders by evaluating optical-based instrumentation and control (I&C) concepts for advanced small modular reactor (AdvSMR) applications. These advanced designs will require innovative thinking in terms of engineering approaches, materials integration, and I&C concepts to realize their eventual viability and deployability. The primary goals of this report include: 1. Establish preliminary I&C needs, performance requirements, and possible gaps for AdvSMR designs based on best available published design data. 2. Document commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) optical sensors, components, and materials in terms of their technical readiness to support essential AdvSMR in-vessel I&C systems. 3. Identify technology gaps by comparing the in-vessel monitoring requirements and environmental constraints to COTS optical sensor and materials performance specifications. 4. Outline a future research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) program plan that addresses these gaps and develops optical-based I&C systems that enhance the viability of future AdvSMR designs. The development of clean, affordable, safe, and proliferation-resistant nuclear power is a key goal that is documented in the Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap. This roadmap outlines RD&D activities intended to overcome technical, economic, and other barriers, which currently limit advances in nuclear energy. These activities will ensure that nuclear energy remains a viable component to this nation�s energy security.
Anheier, Norman C.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Qiao, Hong (Amy); Andersen, Eric S.; Berglin, Eric J.; Bliss, Mary; Cannon, Bret D.; Devanathan, Ramaswami; Mendoza, Albert; Sheen, David M.
Multi-junction, monolithic solar cell using low-band-gap materials lattice matched to GaAs or Ge
A multi-junction, monolithic, photovoltaic solar cell device is provided for converting solar radiation to photocurrent and photovoltage with improved efficiency. The solar cell device comprises a plurality of semiconductor cells, i.e., active p/n junctions, connected in tandem and deposited on a substrate fabricated from GaAs or Ge. To increase efficiency, each semiconductor cell is fabricated from a crystalline material with a lattice constant substantially equivalent to the lattice constant of the substrate material. Additionally, the semiconductor cells are selected with appropriate band gaps to efficiently create photovoltage from a larger portion of the solar spectrum. In this regard, one semiconductor cell in each embodiment of the solar cell device has a band gap between that of Ge and GaAs. To achieve desired band gaps and lattice constants, the semiconductor cells may be fabricated from a number of materials including Ge, GaInP, GaAs, GaInAsP, GaInAsN, GaAsGe, BGaInAs, (GaAs)Ge, CuInSSe, CuAsSSe, and GaInAsNP. To further increase efficiency, the thickness of each semiconductor cell is controlled to match the photocurrent generated in each cell. To facilitate photocurrent flow, a plurality of tunnel junctions of low-resistivity material are included between each adjacent semiconductor cell. The conductivity or direction of photocurrent in the solar cell device may be selected by controlling the specific p-type or n-type characteristics for each active junction.
Olson, Jerry M. (Lakewood, CO); Kurtz, Sarah R. (Golden, CO); Friedman, Daniel J. (Lakewood, CO)
Plasmon-polariton and ⟨n⟨ = 0 non-Bragg gaps in 1D Cantor photonic superlattices
We have used the transfer-matrix approach for one-dimensional Cantor photonic superlattices, and studied the plasmon-polariton modes for a multilayered system composed by alternating layers of positive and dispersive materials. Results indicate that the corresponding plasmon-polariton modes, which show up for oblique incidence, strongly depend on the Cantor step, and the plasmon-polariton subbands are associated with the number of metamaterial layers contained in the elementary cell. Moreover, we have studied the ⟨n⟩ = 0 non-Bragg gap in such fractal photonic superlattices and characterized its behavior as function of the steps of the Cantor series.
Mej�a-Salazar, J. R.; Porras-Montenegro, N. [Departamento de F�sica, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali (Colombia); Reyes-G�mez, E. [Instituto de F�sica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Medell�n (Colombia); Cavalcanti, S. B. [Instituto de F�sica, UFAL, Cidade Universit�ria, Macei�-AL, 57072-970 (Brazil); Oliveira, L. E. [Instituto de F�sica, Unicamp, Campinas-SP, 13083-859 (Brazil)
Diagnosis and Isolation of Air Gap Eccentricities in Closed-loop Controlled Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
N L g P ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (2.6) 17 ? ? 2 coso tab r rl N L g P ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ? (2.7) ?0 = permeability of air g = air gap length l = length of stator/rotor r = radius of stator/rotor Nt = number of turns of windings....9) The flux equations for the three stator and three rotor windings is given by abcs abcs abcs abcsr abcrL i L i? ? ? (2.10) abcr abcrs abcs abcr abcrL i L i? ? ? (2.11) The inductance matrices are obtained from (2.6) and (2.7) for Ns turns...
Meenakshi Sundaram, Vivek
Specific features of the temperature dependence of the conduction electron concentration in the narrow-gap and zero-gap states of Cd{sub x}Hg{sub 1-x}Te
Results of studies of the conductivity {sigma} and the Hall coefficient R in the Cd{sub x}Hg{sub 1-x}Te crystals with x = 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, and 0.15 are analyzed in the temperature range T = 4.2-300 K and the magnetic field range B = 0.005-2.22 T. Using data on the R(B) in low and high magnetic fields and the data on {sigma}(T), electron and hole concentrations and mobilities are determined. It is shown that the electron concentration n in the studied samples is almost independent of T in the range 4.2-15 K, while as T increases, it increases according to the law n {proportional_to} T {sup r} (r > 3/2), where r = f(n, T, x). It is found that r varies from 1.7 at x = 0.1 to 3.1 at compositions with x = 0.14 and 0.15. The results for n(T) are compared with theory, taking into account nonparabolicity of the variance law for {epsilon}(T), and with the theory of impurity states in narrow-gap and zero-gap semiconductors. It is shown that the constancy of n(T) up to {approx}15 K and the strong dependence n(T) (r > 3/2) at higher temperatures are caused by the intense ionization of electrons localized at acceptor states.
Aliev, S. A.; Zulfigarov, E. I.; Selim-zade, R. I. [Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Physics (Azerbaijan)
Variable Gap Undulator for 1.5-48 Kev Free Electron Laser at Linac Coherent Light Source
We study the feasibility of generating femtosecond duration Free-Electron Laser with a variable photon energy from 1.5 to 48 keV, using an electron bunch with the same characteristics of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) bunch, and a planar undulator with additional focusing. We assume that the electron bunch energy can be changed, and the undulator has a variable gap, allowing a variable undulator parameter. It is assumed to be operated in an ultra-low charge and ultra-short pulse regime. We study the feasibility of a tunable, short pulse, X-ray FEL with photon energy from 1.5 to 48 keV, using an electron beam like the one in the LCLS and a 2:5 cm period, variable gap, planar undulator. The beam energy changes from 4.6 to 13.8 GeV, the electorn charge is kept at 10 pC, and the undulator parameter varies from 1 to 3. The undulator length needed to saturate the 48 keV FEL is about 55 m, with a peak power around 5 GW. At longer wavelength the saturation length is as short as 15 m, and the peak power around 20 GW. The results from the analytical models and the GENESIS simulations show that the system is feasible. The large wavelength range, full tunability and short, few femtosecond pulses, together with the large peak power, would provide a powerful research tool.
Pellegrini, C.; /UCLA; Wu, J.; /SLAC; ,
Tests of the nuclear equation of state and superfluid and superconducting gaps using the Cassiopeia A neutron star
The observed rapid cooling of the Cassiopeia A neutron star can be interpreted as being caused by neutron and proton transitions from normal to superfluid and superconducting states in the stellar core. Here we present two new Chandra ACIS-S Graded observations of this neutron star and measurements of the neutron star mass M and radius R found from consistent fitting of both the X-ray spectra and cooling behavior. This comparison is only possible for individual nuclear equations of state. We test phenomenological superfluid and superconducting gap models which mimic many of the known theoretical models against the cooling behavior. Our best-fit solution to the Cassiopeia A data is one in which the (M,R) = (1.43 Msun,12.6 km) neutron star is built with the BSk21 equation of state, strong proton superconductor and moderate neutron triplet superfluid gap models, and a pure iron envelope or a thin carbon layer on top of an iron envelope, although there are still large observational and theoretical uncertainties.
Ho, Wynn C G; Heinke, Craig O; Potekhin, Alexander Y
Design and 3D simulation of a two-cavity wide-gap relativistic klystron amplifier with high power injection
By using an electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code, an S-band two-cavity wide-gap klystron amplifier (WKA) loaded with washers/rods structure is designed and investigated for high power injection application. Influences of the washers/rods structure on the high frequency characteristics and the basic operation of the amplifier are presented. Generally, the rod structure has great impacts on the space-charge potential depression and the resonant frequency of the cavities. Nevertheless, if only the resonant frequency is tuned to the desired operation frequency, effects of the rod size on the basic operation of the amplifier are expected to be very weak. The 3-dimension (3-D) PIC simulation results show an output power of 0.98 GW corresponding to an efficiency of 33% for the WKA, with a 594 keV, 5 kA electron beam guided by an external magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla. Moreover, if a conductive plane is placed near the output gap, such as the electron collector, the beam potential energy can be further released, and the RF power can be increased to about 1.07 GW with the conversion efficiency of about 36%.
Bai Xianchen; Yang Jianhua; Zhang Jiande [College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073 (China)
Record of Decision for the Electrical Interconnection of the Windy Point Wind Energy Project (DOE/EIS-0183) (11/29/06)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion | Department ofT ib l L dDepartment ofList?Department09 Section 999 AnnualDeliveryRecord
Physics of band-gap formation and its evolution in the pillar-based phononic crystal structures
In this paper, the interplay of Bragg scattering and local resonance is theoretically studied in a phononic crystal (PnC) structure composed of a silicon membrane with periodic tungsten pillars. The comparison of phononic band gaps (PnBGs) in three different lattice types (i.e., square, triangular, and honeycomb) with different pillar geometries shows that different PnBGs have varying degrees of dependency on the lattice symmetry based on the interplay of the local resonances and the Bragg effect. The details of this interplay is discussed. The significance of locally resonating pillars, specially in the case of tall pillars, on PnBGs is discussed and verified by examining the PnBG position and width in perturbed lattices via Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the PnBGs caused by the local resonance of the pillars are more resilient to the lattice perturbations than those caused by Bragg scattering.
Pourabolghasem, Reza; Mohammadi, Saeed; Eftekhar, Ali Asghar; Adibi, Ali [School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States); Khelif, Abdelkrim [Institut FEMTO-ST, Universit� de Franche-Comt�, CNRS, 32 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 25044 Besan�on Cedex (France)
Anisotropic Energy Gaps of Iron-Based Superconductivity from Intraband Quasiparticle Interference in LiFeAs
If strong electron-electron interactions between neighboring Fe atoms mediate the Cooper pairing in iron-pnictide superconductors, then specific and distinct anisotropic superconducting energy gaps {Delta}{sub i}(k) should appear on the different electronic bands i. Here, we introduce intraband Bogoliubov quasiparticle scattering interference (QPI) techniques for determination of {Delta}{sub i}(k) in such materials, focusing on lithium iron arsenide (LiFeAs). We identify the three hole-like bands assigned previously as {gamma}, {alpha}{sub 2}, and {alpha}{sub 1}, and we determine the anisotropy, magnitude, and relative orientations of their {Delta}{sub i}(k). These measurements will advance quantitative theoretical analysis of the mechanism of Cooper pairing in iron-based superconductivity.
Davis J. C.; Allan, M.P.; Rost, A.W.; Mackenzie, A.P.; Xie, Y.; Kihou, K.; Lee, C.H.; Iyo, A.; Eisaki, H.; Chuang, T.-M.
Electrical insulation system for the shell-vacuum vessel and poloidal field gap in the ZTH machine
The electrical insulation systems for the ZTH machine have many unusual design problems. The poloidal field gap insulation must be capable of conforming to poloidal and toroidal contours, provide a 25 kV hold off, and sufficiently adhere to the epoxy back fill between the overlapping conductors. The shell-vacuum vessel system will use stretchable and flexible insulation along with protective hats, boots and sleeves. The shell-vacuum vessel system must be able to withstand a 12.5 kV pulse with provision for thermal insulation to limit the effects of the 300{degrees}C vacuum vessel during operation and bakeout. Methodology required to provide the electrical protection along with testing data and material characteristics will be presented. 7 figs.
Reass, W.A.; Ballard, E.O.
Conductivity and optical band gaps of polyethylene oxide doped with Li{sub 2}SO{sub 4} salt
The conductivity and optical properties of Li{sub 2}SO{sub 4} doped polyethylene oxide (PEO) films were studied. The polymer electrolyte films are prepared using solution casting technique. The material phase change was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Optical absorption study was conducted using UV- Vis. Spectroscopy in the wavelength range 190�1100nm on pure and doped PEO films. The direct and indirect optical band gaps were found decreased from 5.81�4.51eV and 4.84�3.43eV respectively with increasing the Li{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. The conductivity found to increases with increasing the dopant concentration due to strong hopping mechanism at room temperature.
Chapi, Sharanappa, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Raghu, S., E-mail: email@example.com; Subramanya, K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Archana, K., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Mini, V., E-mail: email@example.com; Devendrappa, H., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Dept. of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199 (India)
Intercellular communication in spinal cord astrocytes: Fine tuning between gap junctions and P2 nucleotide receptors in calcium wave propagation
Electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels and mechanisms involved in the propagation of intercellular calcium waves were studied in cultured spinal cord astrocytes from sibling wild-type (WT) and connexin43 (Cx43) knock-out (KO) mice. Comparison of the strength of coupling between pairs of WT and Cx43 KO spinal cord astrocytes indicates that twothirds of total coupling is attributable to channels formed by Cx43, with other connexins contributing the remaining onethird of junctional conductance. Although such a difference in junctional conductance was expected to result in the reduced diffusion of signaling molecules through the Cx43 KO spinal cord syncytium, intercellular calcium waves were found to propagate with the same velocity and amplitude and to the same number of cells as between WT astrocytes. Measurements of calcium wave propagation in the presence of purinoceptor
Eliana Scemes; Sylvia O. Suadicani; David C. Spray
Mind the gap on Icecube: Cosmic neutrino spectrum and muon anomalous magnetic moment in the gauged L_{\\mu} - L_{\\tau} model
The energy spectrum of cosmic neutrinos, which was recently reported by the IceCube collaboration, shows a gap between 400 TeV and 1 PeV. An unknown neutrino interaction mediated by a field with a mass of the MeV scale is one of the possible solutions to this gap. We examine if the leptonic gauge interaction L_{\\mu} - L_{\\tau} can simultaneously explain the two phenomena in the lepton sector: the gap in the cosmic neutrino spectrum and the unsettled disagreement in muon anomalous magnetic moment. We illustrate that there remains the regions in the model parameter space, which account for both the problems. Our results also provide a hint for the distance to the source of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos.
Araki, Takeshi; Konishi, Yasufumi; Ota, Toshihiko; Sato, Joe; Shimomura, Takashi
Confirmation of intrinsic electron gap states at nonpolar GaN(1-100) surfaces combining photoelectron and surface optical spectroscopy
The electronic structure of GaN(1�100) surfaces is investigated in-situ by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). Occupied surface states 3.1?eV below the Fermi energy are observed by PES, accompanied by surface optical transitions found in RAS around 3.3?eV, i.e., below the bulk band gap. These results indicate that the GaN(1�100) surface band gap is smaller than the bulk one due to the existence of intra-gap states, in agreement with density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that RAS can be applied for optical surface studies of anisotropic crystals.
Himmerlich, M., E-mail: email@example.com; Eisenhardt, A.; Shokhovets, S.; Krischok, S. [Institut f�r Physik and Institut f�r Mikro- und Nanotechnologien, TU Ilmenau, PF 100565, 98684 Ilmenau (Germany); R�thel, J.; Speiser, E.; Neumann, M. D.; Navarro-Quezada, A.; Esser, N. [Leibniz-Institut f�r Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
Observational Study Designs for Comparative Effectiveness Research: An Alternative Approach to Close Evidence Gaps in Head-and-Neck Cancer
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has emerged as an approach to improve quality of care and patient outcomes while reducing healthcare costs by providing evidence to guide healthcare decisions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have represented the ideal study design to support treatment decisions in head-and-neck (H and N) cancers. In RCTs, formal chance (randomization) determines treatment allocation, which prevents selection bias from distorting the measure of treatment effects. Despite this advantage, only a minority of patients qualify for inclusion in H and N RCTs, which limits the validity of their results to the broader H and N cancer patient population seen in clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials often do not address other knowledge gaps in the management of H and N cancer, including treatment comparisons for rare types of H and N cancers, monitoring of rare or late toxicity events (eg, osteoradionecrosis), or in some instances an RCT is simply not feasible. Observational studies, or studies in which treatment allocation occurs independently of investigators' choice or randomization, may address several of these gaps in knowledge, thereby complementing the role of RCTs. This critical review discusses how observational CER studies complement RCTs in generating the evidence to inform healthcare decisions and improve the quality of care and outcomes of H and N cancer patients. Review topics include a balanced discussion about the strengths and limitations of both RCT and observational CER study designs; a brief description of design and analytic techniques to handle selection bias in observational studies; examples of observational studies that inform current clinical practices and management of H and N cancers; and suggestions for relevant CER questions that could be addressed by an observational study design.
Goulart, Bernardo H.L., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research (HICOR), Seattle, Washington (United States); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States); Ramsey, Scott D. [Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research (HICOR), Seattle, Washington (United States); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States); Parvathaneni, Upendra [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (United States)
Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Website Policies and Important Links
Search capabilities provided by DOE/OSTI