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Workplace Violence Prevention
Capital Health is committed to providing a work place that is free of harassment, violence and threats of violence. Capital Health acknowledges that violence in the workplace is an occupational health and safety hazard that can cause physical and emotional harm and we believe that physical and emotional safety is the right and responsibility of every person. We view any acts of violence or threats of violence in the workplace as unacceptable.
All members of Capital Health are responsible for creating and maintaining a safe environment. In all situations, if you witness or experience violence or threats of violence, take precautions to assure your own safety and the safety of others, report an incident to your Manager/Supervisor, call 902-473-SAFE (7233) and if needed, follow the Emergency Code White procedure for your facility.
Related Resources
In accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act and The Violence in the Workplace Regulations, an employer must conduct a violence risk assessment for each of their workplaces and develop an action plan to address the risk in cases where the risk is identified to be unacceptable or significant.
- Violence Prevention Program
- Workplace Violence Prevention Plan (Sample)
- Workplace Violence Regulations Nova Scotia
- Workplace Violence Prevention Plan Checklist
- Workplace Violence Risk Assessment Form
- Workplace Violence Investigation Report
- Workplace Violence Investigation Report Checklist
- Workplace Violence Prevention Plan - This course is scheduled when there is a demand.
- Non Violent Crisis intervention Courses - A half day refresher or one day certification. Training booklets (one per registrant) will be charged back to the registrant's cost centre. Be sure to include your cost centre SAP number on your registration form, otherwise your registration will not go through. The cost of each booklet needed with this training is approximately $14.
Note: If you work for Mental Health Services or Addiction Services, sign in and register through Learning Management System (LMS).
Scheduled courses - Register via LMS
- Wednesday, June 17, 2015 - Weather Watch, 5th floor Dickson - 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
- Wednesday, July 15, 2015 - Hugh Bell Lecture Hall, NSH - 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
- Wednesday, August 19, 2015 - Cobequid Room 3127 - 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
- Wednesday, September 16, 2015 - Weather Watch, 5th floor Dickson - 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
- Thursday February 11, 2016 - Weather Watch 5th floor Dickson 8:00a.m to 4:00p.m
Thursday May 5, 2016 - Weather watch 5th floor Dickson 8:00a.m to 4:00p.m
Four hour Recertification
- Monday October 5th, 2015 -Bethune Ball Room-8:30a.m to 12:30p.m
- Monday, January 4, 2016 - 5th floor Dickson Building Weather Watch - 8:30a.m to 12:30p.m
- Wednesday March 16, 2016 - 5th floor Dickson Building Weather Watch - 8:30a.m to 12:30p.m
- Thursday June 9, 2016 - 5th floor Dickson Building Weather Watch - 8:30a.m to 12:30p.m
Workplace Violence General Presentation
Program Contact
Linda Doherty, Capital Health Safety Officer
1276 South Park Street
QEII Bethune Building, Room 245
Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9
Tel: 902-473-3864
Fax: 902-425-0523


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How about you?
Do you have a car? Do you wash it yourself?
How about you?
Come join us at the "Daily Bible Reading" Board!
"Tell the righteous that it shall be well with them". Isaiah 3:10
Comments (5)
I don't wash my vehicle...no time and no desire. I have a Honda Odyssey though. I usually just get it washed when getting gas, but sometimes DH will wash it for me with the kids.
Mom to Thomas David 10/19/06 and Rebecca Paige (aka Becca) 7/15/09 and Dance Studio owner.
39.76% of the way to being debt free! (5 Year Plan)
He's actually washing our van right now- so it's clean for our trip this weekend
Jeremy Noe' 1/13/09 Elena Irene 9/28/11
Jonathan Andre 10/1/13 Baby #4 due 7/28/15
Both here too. I prefer the car wash though ;)
Dacia, My Blog: Learning Peace in Chaos
S (8/04), C (5/06), T (1/08), and G (12/13)
I drive a mini-van. I do the car wash 4 times a year or so.
I clean the inside out myself. I couldn't afford to have someone clean in there. Its trashed.
I heart NPR.

subset: commoncrawl


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VIEWS: 68 PAGES: 12 CATEGORY: Health Insurance POSTED ON: 6/9/2010 Public Domain
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as a decision support tool within a quality information system in pork production chains. Gödderz, A.1, T. Schmitz2, A. Mack1 and B. Petersen1 1 University of Bonn, Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene of Animals, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2 PLATO AG; Breite Straße 6-8, 23552 Lübeck, Germany Keywords: FMEA – HACCP - quality assurance – pork production - Salmonella Abstract Recent norms of retailer organisations, chain oriented quality programmes, the new ordinance of the German government concerning the hygiene of food (Lebensmittelhygieneverordnung) and of course the EU regulation 178/2002 demand the implementation of self-control and hazard control techniques in terms of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems of agrofood industry. Such an analysis of course includes a risk analysis. These demands and regulations require a stronger inclusion of the production process in systems of quality assurance. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) seems to be an appropriate tool to enable animal health services to support farmers to fulfil these requirements. On the level of advisory services a computer aided FMEA tool which includes elements of the HACCP concept is tested. The tool allows to document efforts made to meet the claims of quality assurance and simultaneously provides gathered knowledge in form of a knowledge data base supporting the advisory service to solve concrete problems on farm. The paper describes how to assemble such a system for the Salmonella problem in pig farms. Introduction Recent norms of retailer organisations, chain oriented quality programmes, the new ordinance of the German government concerning the hygiene of food (Lebensmittelhygieneverordnung) and of course the EU regulation 178/2002 demand the implementation of self-control and hazard control techniques in terms of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system of the agrofood industry. Relating to the supplier chains for meat and meat products this means to include the process of animal production in the process of quality assurance. While in the converting companies lead of experiences in quality methods have been made, there is a lack of those at the level of animal production. The establishment of those chain oriented systems may be an appropriate operational field of the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in the pork production chain. The conception of this tool of preventive quality assurance is similar to the HAACP system. However the FMEA is wider composed. A combination of the two techniques FMEA and HACCP seems to be promising. To optimise the application of hazard control techniques a method manual which combines those two techniques was developed (Schmitz and Petersen, 2004). Such a "mixed" FMEA- HACCP concept is provided here. FMEA method In the range of industrial production the FMEA is an established part of quality mangement as a tool of preventive quality assurance. The FMEA helps to implement a closed quality control loop by providing gathered expert knowledge. This can be used for planning as well as for executing processes (Pfeifer, 1996). The FMEA intends to detect potential sources of error and their consequences on quality characteristics as early as possible. So consecutively disturbances can be anticipated (Pfeifer, 1996). Because of this it is essential that the FMEA has to be customer oriented from the first step of production. Therefore all possible consequences of a self-inflicted failure for all succeeding chain members has to be considered. Three important contents of the FMEA are: structered failure analysis including an analysis of the causes and effects, risk assessment based on the analysis mentioned before, use of the results of risk assessment to carry out an optimisation of process or concept (Edenhofer and Köster, 1991). This aspects show that the FMEA is in fact part of a HACCP analysis. Within such an analysis the FMEA takes the parts of failure/ hazard analysis, risk assessment and it provides the actions to deal with the revealed failures and hazards. The knowledge needed to run the FMEA in an efficient way is distributed to many persons. Therefore a team with members from every step of the process of interest should be formed. The team members contribute their knowledge as experts. The discussion in the FMEA team is prepared and presented by an experienced moderator. The moderator has to encourage the other team members e.g. QM representatives and other experts to examine the process of interest very critically. And of course the moderator has to encourage the other members to be self-critical. This in addition to efficient preparation of the FMEA determines the FMEA´s success. To initiate a FMEA the following steps should be taken. The first step is to fix the analysis´ limits. Then the process is structured and standards are assigned. In step 4 and 5 the failure analysis is done and a FMEA form established. The achieved FMEA´s results are filled in a FMEA form to guarantee documentation as well as systematics and clarity. Step 6, risk assessment, is done by calculating a risk priority number (RPN). The RPN is calculated by using three variables describing the probability of the failure to occur (occurrence ,O), the severity (S) of the potential failure mode on the process and the probability to detect the failure (detection, D). Normally an assessment number ranging from 1 (no risk) to 10 (high risk) is used to describe these three variables. To facilitate assessment verbal explanations are assigned to the different values. The RPN is calculated by multiplying the values of the three variables O, S and D. The value of the RPN gives a hint whether optimisation is urgently required. Risk assessment needs a lot of supporting data to be done exactly. Optimisations (step 7) are carried out according to the following principles: Strategy amendment to exclude the cause of failure or reduce the severity. This means to restructure the system. Increase of the strategy reliability to minimise the occurrence of the failure´s cause More effective detection of the failure cause. If the FMEA reveals that optimisation has to be done it has to be defined who has to do which of the recommended actions by when. This is also entered on the FMEA form. After performance of the recommended actions a risk assessment is carried out again. Risk priority numbers which had an effect on the decision are calculated again. A comparison of the two RPNs (previous and improved state) allows a final result assessment and the assessment of the relationship between achievable improvement and utilised effort. The reassessment of the risk after implementation of the recommended actions gives an estimation of the remaining risk of certain failure´s occurrence. Depending on this result the team decides whether the chosen actions were successful or whether additional actions are necessary. (Stamatis, 1995) The application of FMEA software tools proved to be useful in different industrial branches. There are three main advantages: The FMEA establishment is systematised. The entered FMEA knowledge will be saved onto a knowledge database and can be used again. The effort of the establishment is reduced by the optimisation of the teamwork and by the falling back upon information already entered by means of search helps. (Schmitz and Petersen, 2001) Adaption of the FMEA - concept to farm level Referring to Noordhuizen and Frankena (1999) a quality-management instrument at farm level should satisfy two basic requirements: it should provide the advisory service or the individual farmer with clear and simple procedures for elimination and control of disease risks on the farm, it should enable the farmer to prove the execution of these procedures to a third party for herd-health certification and health insurance purposes. Welz (1994) demonstrated the possibility to adapt the FMEA concept to animal production. In his study he used the FMEA to reveal interferences of product and process quality resulting from animal diseases on farm level. In the following a FMEA like approach for prevention and reduction of Salmonellosis in pig production is given. In pig production the problem of Salmonella is to be considered from two different angels. On the one hand problems in production and economical losses resulting from Salmonellosis during the production period, on the other hand the endangering of human health due to Salmonella contaminated pork-products (Waldmann and Plonait, 2001). Steinbach and Hartung (1999) assume circa 20% of human Salmonellosis in Germany to be caused by consumption of Salmonella contaminated pork-products. Referring to van Altrock and co-authors (1999) and Meyer (2004) circa 10 % of tested fattening pigs showed a positive test result. This indicates that there is a need for supporting tools to solve this problem. In literature several possible sources for the introduction of Salmonella in pig producing farms are described. The most important sources are: purchase of piglets and gilts (Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004, Berends et al. 1996), purchase of feed (Hartung 2003, Lo Fo Wong et al. 2002), biotic and abiotic vectors (Meyer 2004, Letellier et al. 1999). Each of these aspects include a lot of different subaspects. Also the transmission of Salmonella within a farm is influenced by a lot of factors. The most important are listed below: Table 1: Factors with influence on the transmission of Salmonella within a farm factor author hygiene status and farm hygiene Berends et al. 1996 hygiene lock Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004 all in and all out Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004 cleaning and disinfection Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004 disposal of dead animals Letellier et al. 1999 farm management farm size van der Wolf et al. 2001 pig density in pens Funk et al. 2001 pen separation Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004 floor design Meyer 2004 manure mangement Belœil et al. 2004 feeding system Lo Fo Wong et al. 2004, van der Wolf et al. 2001, van Schie and Overgoor, 1987 addtion of organic acids to feed or van der Wolf et al. 2001a drinking water number of attending persons Meyer 2004 other infections within the herd Belœil et al. 2004, Wills et al. 2000, Møller 1998 concomitance of parasitic diseases van der Wolf et al. 2001 Each of these factors is associated with a number of different characteristic values which may even interact. A lot of these factors especially those which refer to the spreading of Salmonella within a herd/farm apply for every step of pig production (farrowing, fattening). So to keep the FMEA clear and to be able to use the gathered knowledge preferably on different types of farm, the following seven system elements were created in Workgroup Computing System SCIO™ FMEA System ( PLATO AG, Lübeck): production process/ husbandry, cleaning and disinfection, pest control, water, feedstuff/ feeding, hygiene of environment, hygiene of staff. For each of these system elements a FMEA form was established by checking literature for possible risk-factors concerning introduction and spreading of Salmonella associated with the system element of interest. To create the FMEA form the following steps were executed and the following corresponding questions put forward: listing all steps concerning the production process determination of potential hazards/failures question: Which hazard or hygiene failure can be caused by this production step? Which hazards or hygiene failures are occured at this production step in the past? determination of the effects question: What are the effects of this hygiene failure on the animals? What are the effects of this hygiene failure on the farm´s Salmonella status? What are the effects on the next production step? What are the effects on the consumer of pork products? search for potential causes for each hazard/failure questions: Searching for the causes in the surroundings of man, machines, environment, material, method, management or measurement. listing possible actions to avoid the hazard/failure (precautionary and checking actions) question: What can be done to avoid this hazard/hygiene failure? The kind of questions indicate that the chosen approach is not just FMEA based but also contains elements of the HACCP concept. Some of the chosen column headings reflect this,too. The created FMEA form is a table with 22 colums (figure 1 and 2). In the first column the process of interest is entered. The second column contains the potential hazards or rather the "hygiene failures". The potential effects of these failures are listed in the next column. Then an assessment of failures´ severity (S) is done. The next column shows your decision whether this aspect is a controlpoint or not. Then failures´ causes are assembled. Next step is to assess failure´s probability to occur (O). The result of this assessment is entered in the column. In the next column the decision is made whether the current applied control to deal with the failure is precautionary or checking. Then the current control is entered. In the next column a assessment of the probabillity to detect the failure (D) is given. The risk priority number (RPN) is calculated automatically by the software according to the values for S, O and D. The problem of risk assessment is discussed beneath. The next two columns contain the recommended controls to deal with the failure and the specification of this actions in terms of their precautionary or checking character. Then is entered who has to carry out this action by when. The finally chosen and performed action and their character is displayed in the following columns. Finally risk assessment is done again by adapting the values for S, O and D according to the taken actions. Until now the forms are filled with data collected by literature research. When the FMEA is used at farm level it is possible to add new processes steps to the system elements. Also the current applied actions have to be added to the FMEA at the farm. This is simply to be done because the software allows you to fall back on all actions detected during literature research. Figure 1 Screenshot of the used FMEA form. This screenshot displays only the half FMEA form. The rest is shown in figure 2. Figure 2: Sequel to figure 1 As mentioned before the problem of risk assessment is in agriculture distinctive. While in other sectors e.g. automobile industrie there is a lot of data allowing exact risk assessment, in agriculture there is not so many data because of a lack of documentation, until now. But the introduction of quality programmes such as QS (Quality and Security) for example improved documentation and therefore the amount of available data. But still it is very difficult to give an assessment for a failure´s probability to occur, to be detected or its severity. As mentioned above normally an assessment number ranging from 1 to 10 is used to describe these three variables. In small food processing businesses positive lead of experiences were made with assessment numbers only ranging from 1 to 5. In this model for Salmonella introduction and spreading assessment numbers ranging from 1 to 3 were determined. Because of the limited numbers of experiences this scale was chosen. If on road tests reveal the need for adjustment it can easily be done by means of the used software tool. The following evaluation patterns were fixed: To determine the severity of a failure Odd´s ratios (OR) (which are known from literature) for intoduction or spreading of Salmonella on a farm were used as an ancillary tool (table 2). The borders chosen may be adapted by further investigations. Table 2: Evaluation pattern for failure´s severity (S) evaluation pattern OR evaluation High: A cardinal failure occurs which leads to a very fast >2 3 spread of Salmonella within the whole herd. Because of this in all probability a higher percentage of Salmonella positive pigs at slaughter is to be expected. This arises the risk of Salmonella contamination of pork products while slaughter and will lead to a degradation of farm´s Salmonella status. Medium: The spread of Salmonella in the herd is supposable, >1 2 but may be unique to batches. The percentage of Salmonella positive pigs at slaughter may arise. Low: An influence of the failure on the Salmonella situation ≤1 1 on the farm is improbable. Table 3 shows the evaluation pattern for failure´s or cause of failure´s probability to occur (O). The data for frequency are adopted from a project carried out with small food processing businesses. Table 3: Evaluation pattern for failure´s probability to occur (O): evaluation pattern Frequency evaluation High: The cause of failure´s occurrence is almost inevitable. >2% 3 Failure´s occurrence in a large quantity is very probable. Medium: The cause of failure may occur in some cases but < 2% 2 the process is controllable. Low: Failure´s occurrence is improbable. It was not (it was < 0,5% 1 rarely) detected at similiar processes. In table 4 the evaluation pattern for failure´s or cause of failure´s probability to be detected (D) is shown. Here as well the frequencies are adopted from the project with small food processing businesses. Table 4: Evaluation pattern for failure´s probability to be detected (D): evaluation pattern Frequency evaluation Low: It is almost impossible to detect the failure or the < 90 % 3 cause of failure. It is a matter of hidden failure. Medium: A detection of the failure or of its cause is > 95 % 2 possible by investigations with ancillary tools like pH-value measurement or bacteriological or serilogical investigations of taken samples. High: It is very easy to detect the failure or its cause by > 98 % 1 visual, manual investigation or by computer supported control (e.g. climate computer). It is a ostensible inspection criterion. Chain oriented using of the FMEA based knowledge database The following figure 3 makes a proposal how to use the FMEA within a chain oriented approach to minimise the risk of Salmonella contaminated pork products. The gathered expert knowledge is used to run self-control systems within the chain. By doing this an enhancement of the database and the methods may be achieved. knowledge database team of experts team of experts consulter, consulter, case studies construction QM-agents, QM-agents, general analyses veterinaryauthority, veterinary authority, research research software aided moderators & combination of the different experts quality management methods Fallbeispiele Construction of Allgemeine Analysen steps in method chain oriented self- utilisation control systems • product & process for Salmonella analysis Prophylaxis enhancement • hazard analysis in team • risk assessment • minimisation of risk team members • planning of actions Business companies Business companies • test planning within the pork within the pork production chain production chain Figure 3: Using the FMEA in a chain oriented approach Conclusion A computer-aided FMEA system can be very helpful to run risk analysis within complex processes. The complete documentation of the analysed processes enables to arrange knowledge data bases. This helps to solve concrete problems in a very effective way. Due to the FMEA´s structure those data bases provide clear and simple procedures for the elimination and control of disease risks on farm. Furthermore the FMEA allows to prove the execution of these procedures for health certification and health insurance purposes according to the demands of EU-regulations and distributive trade. Therefore the FMEA seems to be an appropriate tool to support quality information systems in pork production chains. Now the theoretically approach has to be validated by tests with advisory services. References Belœil, P.-A., P. Fravalo, C. Fablet, J.-P. Jolly, E. Eveno, Y. Hascoet, C. Chauvin, G. Salvat and F. Madec (2004): "Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica shedding by market-age pigs in French farrow-to-finish herds." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 63 p. 103-120 Berends, B.R., H.A.P. Urlings, J.M.A. Snijders and F. Van Knapen (1996): "Identification and quantification of risk factors in animal management and transport regarding Salmonella spp. in pigs." International Journal of Food Microbiology 30, p. 37-53 Funk J.A., P.R. Davies and W. Gebreyes (2001): "Risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica prevalence in three-site swine production systems in North Carolina, USA." Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 114, p. 335-338 Møller, K. T.K. Jensen, S.E. Jorsal, T.D. Leser and B. Carstensen (1998): "Detection of Lawsonia intercellularis, Serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes, Salmonella enterica, and haemolytic Escherichia coli from swine herds with and withaout diarrhoe among growing pigs." Veterinary Microbiology 62, p. 59-72 Pfeifer, T. (1996): "Qualitätsmanagement: Strategien, Methoden, Techniken", 2. Aufl., Carl Hanser Verlag München Wien Edenhofer, B. and A. Köster (1991): "Systemanalyse: Die Lösung, FMEA optimal nutzen", QZ 36, p. 699-704 Hartung, M. (2003): "Bericht über die epidemiologische Situation der Zoonosen in Deutschland für 2002." BfR-Hefte, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin Letellier, A., S. Messier, J. Paré, J. Ménard and S. Quessy (1999): Distribution of Salmonella in swine herds in Québec. Veterinary Microbiology 67, p. 299-306 Lo Fo Wong, D.M.A., T. Hald, P.J. Van Der Wolf and M. Swanenburg (2002): "Epidemiology and control measures in pigs and pork." Livestock Production Science 76, p. 215-222 Lo Fo Wong, D.M.A., J. Dahl, H. Stege, P.J. Van Der Wolf, L. Leontides, A. van Altrock and B.M. Thorberg (2004): "Herd-level risk factors for subclinical Salmonella infection in European finishing-pig herds." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 62, p. 253-266 Meyer, C. (2004): "Qualitative und quantitative Risikofaktoren für die Einschleppung und Verbreitung von Salmonellen in unterschiedlichen Produktionsverfahren beim Schwein." Hannover, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Diss. Vet. Med. Nordhuizen, J.P.T.M. and K. Frankena (1999): "Epidemiology and quality assurance: applications at farm level." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 39, p. 93-110 Stahl, P. (1997): "Die Qualitätstechnik FMEA als Lerninstrument in Organisationen", Univ.-Verl., Wiesbaden Steinbach, G. and M. Hartung (1999): "Versuch einer Schätzung des Anteils menschlicher Salmonellenerkrankungen, die auf vom Schwein stammende Salmonellen zurückzuführen sind." Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 112, p. 296-300 Schmitz, T. and B. Petersen (2001): "Denken in Prozessketten – Transparenz durch IT-gestützte präventive Qualitätstechniken", Die Ernährungsindustrie 5, p. 56-57 Schmitz, T. and B. Petersen (2004): "Einsatz softwaregestützter präventiver QM-Methoden in der Beratung von Zulieferketten in der Lebensmittelbranche." In: Integration und Datensicherheit - Anforderungen, Konflikte und Perspektiven, Referate der 25. GIL Jahrestagung 08.-09. September 2004 in Bonn. Hrsg.: G. Schiefer, P. Wagner, M. Morgenstern, U. Rickert. Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn, 2004. Stamatis, D. H. (1995): "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution" ASQC Quality Press Milwaukee Van Altrock, A., A. Schütte and G. Hildebrandt (2000): "Untersuchungsergebnisse aus Deutschland zu dem EU-Projekt "Salmonella in pork (Salinpork)" - 1. Mitteilung: Untersuchungen in den Beständen." Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 113, p. 191-201 Van Der Wolf, P.J., W.B. Wolbers, A.R.W. Elbers, H.M.J.F. van der Heijden, J.M.C.C. Koppen, W.A. Hunnemann, F.W. van Schie and M.J.M. Thielen (2001): "Herd level husbandry factors associated with the serological Salmonella prevalence in finishing pig herds in The Netherlands." Veterinary Microbiology 78, p. 205-219 Van Der Wolf, P.J., F.W. van Schie, A.R.W. Elbers, B. Engel, H.M.J.F. van der Heijden, W.A. Hunneman and M.J.M. Tielen (2001a): Administration of acidified drinking water to finishing pigs in order to prevent Salmonella infections. The Veterinary Quarterly 23, p. 121-125 Van Schie and Overgoor (1987): "An analysis of the possible effects of different feed upon the excretion of salmonella bacteria in clinically normal groups of fattening pigs." The Veterinary Quarterly 9, p. 185-188 Waldmann, K.H. and H. Ploinat (2001): "Erkrankungen der Verdauungsorgane und des Abdomen." In: WALDMANN, K.H. & M. WENDT (Hrsg.): Lehrbuch der Schweinekrankheiten. 3. Auflage, p. 335-358, Parey Buchverlag, Berlin, 2001 Welz, M. (1994): "Bewertung von Erkrankungen als qualitätshemmende Faktoren mit Hilfe der Fehler- Möglichkeitsanalyse (FMEA) im Rahmen der Erzeugung von Qualitätsfleisch" Dissertation 1994, Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Bonn Wills, R.W., J.T. Gray, P.J. Fedorka-Cray, K.-J. Yoon, S. Ladely and J.J. Zimmermann (2000): "Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella cholerasuis in swine." Veterinary Microbiology 71, p. 177-192
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Lookout Lodge is a custom log home built for both mountain entertaining and taking in the views. Situated high above the valley floor, panoramic views from south to west and witnessing beautiful sunsets is perfect in this location. Also called as the "Western King of the Castle", this home is truly a unique mountain residence.
There are five spacious bedrooms in this home, combined with contemporary and mountain lifestyle with ample beds that can accommodate up to 16 guests. Throughout the house, the loft area above the dining area has a pool table and wet bar. Designed for entertainment, the ground floor is the media center of the house with a home theatre with 108-inch screen and a family room with flat panel TV and Wii games and another wet bar.
The dining room, with a lounge area, is designed with large timbers and giant log truss forming the structure of impressive dining area that can seat 12 guests. Chefs in all levels will cook in delight in this expansive, professional fully equipped kitchen with granite counter tops and top of the line appliances.
After a day's activity, guest can relax in the hot tub while enjoying the wide-ranging heavenly views of the mountain. This home also features three gas fireplaces, in-floor heating throughout the house, and two full-sized washers and dryers each at lower and main level. Access to ski trails is easy through the complimentary on-call shuttle service.
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text:
Sabres future remains uncertain without government aid
Less than one day after the National Hockey League laid down its own gauntlet to local officials concerning the pending sale of the Buffalo Sabres, the prospective owner has ratched up the pressure.
At issue is public sector support � including financial aid � for the cost of renovations and outstanding construction loans connected with HSBC Arena and not with the acquisition of the Buffalo Sabres, the six-year-old building's anchor tenant.
"We need to rationalize the finances of the building and its debt," said Buffalo businessman Mark Hamister, who along with former Western New Yorker Todd Berman, were named the preferred bidders for the Sabres by the NHL one month ago. "It is up to the community and the government."
Hamister warned without the public sector assistance he and Berman may withdraw their bid for the team, throwing its long term future in doubt. Hamister and Berman have an out clause in the bid that takes effect on Jan. 3.
"We need to have some very creative dialogue between us, the county, city and state," Hamister said. "We need some answers within the next two to four weeks."
NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman warned on Friday that unless there is a resolution to the Sabres issue, the team may be forced to file for bankruptcy protection, a move that could trigger a series of events, one of which may lead to the Sabres ceasing operations or moved to another city.
"There's no question the franchise will complete the season," Bettman told the Associated Press. "What happens beyond that will depend on if we can complete the sale."
Buffalo Mayor Anthony Masiello said he is sympathetic to Hamister's concerns. Masiello reiterated his desire to work with Hamister and Berman to keep the Sabres in the city.
"We should do it," Masiello said. "The Sabres are worth saving and we should work hard to make them a source of pride with this community."
The threats are the latest in a ownership saga that began this past spring when financial and legal problems concerning Adelphia Communications chairman and founder John Rigas, who also owns the Sabres. Adelphia has since filed for bankruptcy and Rigas along with two of his sons were arrested on federal fraud charges.
The NHL took over the Sabres' operation in July and after a six-month due diligence period announced that the Berman/Hamister partnership was the preferred bidder for the team. The only other bid came from Rochester billionaire and failed gubernatorial candidate B. Thomas Golisano, who sought no public sector dollars.
Hamister said he is only seeking public sector help for the HSBC Arena portion of the deal, not the Sabres.
Hamister and Berman are paying $33 million in cash, assuming $7 million in pre-existing debt and providing the team with $30 million in immediate working capital.
"We've arranged for the capital privately, we are not asking for government support for that part of the deal," Hamister said.
The biggest issue is $23 million in outstanding construction loans, arranged through Fleet Bank, on the building. Technically, the arena is owned by a joint public sector partnership.
Hamister would like to see that debt forgiven, presumably by the public sector. He is also looking for public sector dollars to upgrade such parts of the arena as its soundsystem, acoustical curtains that will allow the venue to house smaller concerts and an allocation of low-cost replacement power from the state's Power Authority.
The sound system and acoustical improvements will allow the arena to host more concerts and special events, thus creating more cash flow for the venue and the region.
Currently, the arena is used for about 104 dates per year. Hamister would like to see that number upped significantly to make the facility more economically viable.
"Right now, the math doesn't work," Hamister said. "The building loses money."
Masiello said he is willing to work with Hamister and Berman on possible solutions.
"Everyone wants to keep the team here in Buffalo," Masiello said.


text: Bengals Sticking with Bodine? They Should From ESPN.com Aug 19, 2014 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Al Behrman 482 Reads 0 Comments If the regular season were to begin this week, rookie Russell Bodine would be the Cincinnati Bengals' starting center. Continue Reading on ESPN.com »


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From the bottom up, Koodo's new platform is mobile-optimized, engineered...
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text:
The most comfortable string, yet still resistant.
The premium product because it combines three features that light rackets users require: - power thanks to its multifilament - comfort by its highest percentage of polyurethane - resistance based gauges required
Stay tuned
For sure Denis ! @deniskudla won the 1st set 62 over #Giraldo. Keep on battle! #YoungGunsOTR #TeamTecnifibre #Wimbledon


text:
Using activity ID GUIDs in USB ETW traces
This topic provides information about Activity ID GUIDs, how to add those GUIDs in the event trace providers, and view them in Netmon.
Drivers in the USB driver stack (both 2.0 and 3.0) are ETW event trace providers. In Windows 7, while capturing event traces from the USB driver stack, you can capture traces from other providers, such as other drivers and applications. You can then read the combined log (assuming that you have created a Netmon parser for your provider's event traces).
Starting in Windows 8, you can associate events across providers (from applications, client driver, and the USB driver stack) by using activity ID GUIDs. Events from multiple providers can be associated in Netmon when the events have the same activity ID GUID. Based on those GUIDs, Netmon can show you the set of USB events that resulted from an instrumented activity at an upper layer.
While viewing combined event traces from other providers in Netmon, right-click an event from an application and choose Find Conversations -> NetEvent to see associated driver events.
This image shows you related events from an application, UMDF driver, and Ucx01000.sys (one of the drivers in the USB driver stack).These events have the same activity ID GUID.
- How to add an activity ID GUID in an application
- How to set the activity ID GUID in a UMDF driver
- How to add activity ID GUID in a kernel-mode driver
How to add an activity ID GUID in an application
An application can include activity ID GUIDs by calling EventActivityIdControl. For more information, see Event Tracing Functions.
This example code shows how an application can set an activity ID GUID and send it to the ETW provider, a UMDF driver.
EventActivityIdControl(EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_CREATE_ID, &activityIdStruct.ActivityId); EventActivityIdControl(EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_SET_ID, &activityIdStruct.ActivityId); if (!DeviceIoControl(hRead, IOCTL_OSRUSBFX2_SET_ACTIVITY_ID, &activityIdStruct, // Ptr to InBuffer sizeof(activityIdStruct), // Length of InBuffer NULL, // Ptr to OutBuffer 0, // Length of OutBuffer NULL, // BytesReturned 0)) // Ptr to Overlapped structure { wprintf(L"Failed to set activity ID - error %d\n", GetLastError()); } ... success = ReadFile(hRead, pinBuf, G_ReadLen, (PULONG) &nBytesRead, NULL); if(success == 0) { wprintf(L"ReadFile failed - error %d\n", GetLastError()); EventWriteReadFail(0, GetLastError()); ... }
In the preceding example, an application calls EventActivityIdControl to create an activity ID (EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_CREATE_ID) and then to set it (EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_SET_ID) for the current thread. The application specifies that activity GUID to the ETW event provider, such as a user-mode driver, by sending a driver-defined IOCTL (described in the next section).
The event provider must publish an instrumentation manifest file (.MAN file). By running the message compiler (Mc.exe), a header file is generated that contains definitions for the event provider, event attributes, channels, and events. In the example, the application calls EventWriteReadFail, which are defined in the generated header file, to write trace event messages in case of a failure.
How to set the activity ID GUID in a UMDF driver
A user-mode driver creates and sets activity ID GUIDs by calling EventActivityIdControl and the calls are similar to the way an application calls them, as described in the previous section. Those calls add the activity ID GUID to the current thread and that activity ID GUID is used whenever the thread logs an event. For more information, see Using Activity Identifiers.
This example code shows how a UMDF driver sets the activity ID GUID that was created and specified by the application through an IOCTL.
VOID STDMETHODCALLTYPE CMyControlQueue::OnDeviceIoControl( _In_ IWDFIoQueue *FxQueue, _In_ IWDFIoRequest *FxRequest, _In_ ULONG ControlCode, _In_ SIZE_T InputBufferSizeInBytes, _In_ SIZE_T OutputBufferSizeInBytes ) /*++ Routine Description: DeviceIoControl dispatch routine Aruments: FxQueue - Framework Queue instance FxRequest - Framework Request instance ControlCode - IO Control Code InputBufferSizeInBytes - Lenth of input buffer OutputBufferSizeInBytes - Lenth of output buffer Always succeeds DeviceIoIoctl Return Value: VOID --*/ { ... switch (ControlCode) { .... case IOCTL_OSRUSBFX2_SET_ACTIVITY_ID: { if (InputBufferSizeInBytes < sizeof(UMDF_ACTIVITY_ID)) { hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER); } else { FxRequest->GetInputMemory(&memory ); } if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { buffer = memory->GetDataBuffer(&bigBufferCb); memory->Release(); m_Device->SetActivityId(&((PUMDF_ACTIVITY_ID)buffer)->ActivityId); hr = S_OK; } break; } } } VOID SetActivityId( LPCGUID ActivityId ) { CopyMemory(&m_ActivityId, ActivityId, sizeof(m_ActivityId)); } void CMyReadWriteQueue::ForwardFormattedRequest( _In_ IWDFIoRequest* pRequest, _In_ IWDFIoTarget* pIoTarget ) { ... pRequest->SetCompletionCallback( pCompletionCallback, NULL ); ... hrSend = pRequest->Send(pIoTarget, 0, //flags 0); //timeout ... if (FAILED(hrSend)) { contextHr = pRequest->RetrieveContext((void**)&pRequestContext); if (SUCCEEDED(contextHr)) { EventActivityIdControl(EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_SET_ID, &pRequestContext->ActivityId); if (pRequestContext->RequestType == RequestTypeRead) { EventWriteReadFail(m_Device, hrSend); } delete pRequestContext; } pRequest->CompleteWithInformation(hrSend, 0); } return; }
Let's see how the activity ID GUID that was created by the application gets associated with a User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF) client driver. When the driver receives the IOCTL request from the application, it copies the GUID in a private member. At some point, the application calls ReadFile to perform a read operation. The framework creates a request and invokes the driver's handler, ForwardFormattedRequest. In the handler, the driver sets the previously stored activity ID GUID on the thread by calling EventActivityIdControl and EventWriteReadFail to trace event messages.
How to add activity ID GUID in a kernel-mode driver
In kernel mode, a driver can trace messages on the thread that originates in user mode or a thread that the driver creates. In both those cases, the driver requires the activity ID GUID of the thread.
To trace messages, the driver must obtain the registration handle as an event provider (see EtwRegister) and then call EtwWrite by specifying the GUID and the event message. For more information, see Adding Event Tracing to Kernel-Mode Drivers.
If your kernel- mode driver handles a request that was created by an application or a user-mode driver, the kernel-mode driver does not create and set an activity ID GUID. Instead, the I/O manager handles most of the activity ID propagation. When a user-mode thread initiates a request, the I/O manager creates an IRP for the request and automatically copies the current thread's activity ID GUID into the new IRP. If the kernel-mode driver wants to trace events on that thread, it must get the GUID by calling IoGetActivityIdIrp, and then call EtwWrite.
If your kernel-mode driver creates an IRP with an activity ID GUID, the driver can call EtwActivityIdControl with EVENT_ACTIVITY_CTRL_CREATE_SET_ID to generate a new GUID. The driver can then associate the new GUID with the IRP by calling IoSetActivityIdIrpand then call EtwWrite.
The activity ID GUID is passed along with the IRP to the next lower drivers. The lower drivers can add their trace messages to the thread.
Related topics


text:
The heat is rising on the Medicom-Sinclair stalemate. Last week, several Senate leaders demanded that the FCC step in and resolve the conflict.
So far, an impasse remains between Mediacom Communications, a cable operator, and Sinclair Broadcast Group, the owner of 22 stations in Mediacom's 13-state coverage area.
Sen. Daniel Inouye (D-HI), chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, and Sen. Ted Stevens (R-AK), the ranking Republican, urged the action in a letter to FCC chairman Kevin Martin.
The letter directs Martin to work to resolve the impasse between the two companies, which started Jan. 6 when Sinclair pulled its stations from Mediacom's systems. The action left more than 2 million cable viewers without at least one local station. Iowa, with about 250,000 Mediacom subscribers, was most affected.
The lawmakers said the dispute could be resolved through binding arbitration. They noted that Congress specifically contemplated arbitration when it passed a federal law that allowed broadcast TV station owners to seek payment from cable companies for permission to retransmit their signals.
Sinclair spokesman Barry Faber told the Associated Press that the retransmission law does not authorize the FCC to force binding arbitration. "The retransmission consent right is a private property right and negotiations over that are the same as any other commercial negotiation," he said.
For the government to intercede and force a settlement in a private business deal is a "very dangerous slippery slope," Faber added.
Mediacom spokeswoman Phyllis Peters said that Mediacom hoped the senator's involvement would resolve the issue.
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text:
A reamer for subterranean wellbores may include a composite framework, which may include one or more high strength stems, each having one or more reamer bodies coupled thereto. The body may include a plurality of plates coupled together and may include additional components formed integrally therewith or coupled thereto. A method of forming a reaming tool may include forming a high strength stem and a reamer body and coupling the body to the stem. A method of using the reaming tool may include coupling one or more bodies in a drill string and reaming a wellbore.
1. A tool for reaming, comprising:
a tubular stem having an upper end and a lower end with a cylindrical portion therebetween, wherein each end has a connector and wherein the stem has a shoulder below the upper connector;
a body having a top and bottom, the body having a plurality of receptacles disposed radially on the outer surface thereof and having a central passage longitudinally therethrough, and wherein the body further comprises a tube coupled at least partially within the central passage for coupling the body to the stem;
at least one leg coupled to one of the receptacles, the leg having a cutting element thereon;
at least one block coupled to one of the receptacles, wherein each block and each leg are coupled to different receptacles; and
wherein the body is coupled to the stem so that the top of the body is adjacent the shoulder of the stem.
2. The tool for reaming of
3. The tool for reaming of
4. The tool for reaming of
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
1. Field of the Invention
The inventions disclosed and taught herein relate generally to tools for reaming wellbores; and more specifically relate to the structure and manufacture of the framework of reamer tools.
2. Description of the Related Art
Drill bits used to drill wellbores through earth formations typically have a nominal cutting diameter, such as a diameter roughly equal to the diameter of the remaining borehole once the drill bit passes through some portion of earth. Frequently, it may be desirable to enlarge the diameter of the borehole beyond the nominal diameter of the drill bit. A pilot reamer, at least in part, may be used to accomplish such a task.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,386,302 to Beaton discloses a "reamer for drilling a hole having a diameter larger than a pass through diameter [and] in one aspect includes a body having reaming blades affixed at azimuthally spaced apart locations."
As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,416,036 to Forstner et al., which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses a "BHA compris[ing] a pilot bit and a reamer above it that is larger in diameter than the suspended liner."
The inventions disclosed and taught herein are directed to an improved tool for reaming having a composite framework and to methods of making and using the improved tool.
A reamer for subterranean wellbores is disclosed, wherein the reamer may include a composite framework. The framework may include a stem, which may include one or more portions, having an upper end and a lower end. The framework may further include a body having one or more radially disposed receptacles, which may receive one or more components for reaming a wellbore. The components may include stabilizers or cutting elements, such as fixed blades or radially disposed arms having cones, such as to define a reaming diameter. One or more bodies may be coupled along the length of the stem. At least one embodiment of the pilot reamer may include a tubular stem having upper and lower ends with a cylindrical portion therebetween, wherein each end has a connector, such as a threaded end, or other coupler, and wherein the stem may have a shoulder proximate the upper end. The reamer may further include a tubular body having a top and a bottom, which may be comprised of a plurality of plates coupled together. The plates may define an internal passage and a plurality of radially disposed components, such as pads or receptacles. The body may be coupled to the stem, for example, so that the top of the body is adjacent to the shoulder of the stem. The reamer may further include a tube coupled between the body and the stem. Other exemplary embodiments of the reamer may include a stem having two portions, wherein the body is coupled between the two portions, or, as another example, more than one body coupled to a stem and/or in a drill string.
A method of forming a pilot reamer is also disclosed. The method may include forming a tubular stem having upper and lower ends. The method may also include forming a shoulder between the two ends of the stem, for example a shoulder extending radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis or circumference of the stem. The method may include forming a tubular reamer body having upper and lower ends, for example, by coupling a plurality of plates together. Forming the body may include defining an internal passage, one or more diameters, such as a cutting diameter, and/or a plurality of radially or otherwise disposed formations. The method may also include coupling the reamer body to the stem. The body may be coupled anywhere along the stem, for example, so that the upper end of the body is adjacent to the shoulder of the stem. The body may be coupled to the stem removably, permanently or otherwise.
Another method of forming the composite reamer is disclosed. The method may include forming a tubular stem having upper and lower portions. The method may further include forming a reamer body and coupling the body between the upper and lower portions of the stem. A method of using the present inventions is also disclosed. The method may include providing one or more composite reamers, coupling each reamer in a drill string, and rotating the reamers to ream the wellbore.
The Figures described above and the written description of specific structures and functions below are not presented to limit the scope of what Applicants have invented or the scope of the appended claims. Rather, the Figures and written description are provided to teach any person skilled in the art to make and use the inventions for which patent protection is sought. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all features of a commercial embodiment of the inventions are described or shown for the sake of clarity and understanding. Persons of skill in this art will also appreciate that the development of an actual commercial embodiment incorporating aspects of the present inventions will require numerous implementation-specific decisions to achieve the developer's ultimate goal for the commercial embodiment. Such implementation-specific decisions may include, and likely are not limited to, compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related and other constraints, which may vary by specific implementation, location and from time to time. While a developer's efforts might be complex and time-consuming in an absolute sense, such efforts would be, nevertheless, a routine undertaking for those of skill in the art having the benefits of this disclosure. It must be understood that the inventions disclosed and taught herein are susceptible to numerous and various modifications and alternative forms. Lastly, the use of a singular term, such as, but not limited to, "a," is not intended as limiting of the number of items. Also, the use of relational terms, such as, but not limited to, "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "down," "up," "side," and the like are used in the written description for clarity in specific reference to the Figures and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the appended claims. The term "couple," "coupled," "coupling," "coupler," and like terms are used broadly herein and can include any method or device for securing, binding, bonding, fastening, attaching, joining, inserting therein, forming thereon or therein, communicating, or otherwise associating, for example, mechanically, magnetically, electrically, chemically, directly or indirectly with intermediate elements, one or more pieces of members together, removably or otherwise, and can further include without limitation integrally forming one functional member with another in a unity fashion. The coupling can occur in any direction, including rotationally.
I have created a pilot reamer having a composite framework and methods of making and using the reamer. The framework may include a stem for supporting one or more components of the reamer and for coupling the reamer into a drill string, which may include pipe, the bottom hole assembly ("BHA"), and/or other downhole equipment. The stem may be made from any material, and may comprise one or more sections, which may be cylindrical. The stem may preferably be formed from high strength steel, but need not be. The stem may be tubular, such as to allow fluid to flow therethrough, and may include a connector, or coupler, at one or both ends, such as, for example, an American Petroleum Institute ("API") pin or box connector, for coupling the reamer in place or, as another example, to other components. The stem may further include other components required by a particular application, such as other connectors, or a shoulder, such as for positioning components on the stem. As another example, the stem may include fluid orifices for directing fluid to a desired location. For example, the orifices may include jets, such as for jetting cuttings, cleaning or cooling. The components may be formed in any manner, such as integrally with the stem, as modifications thereto or, as another example, they may be manufactured separately and coupled to the stem.
The framework may also include a body for contacting the wellbore, such as, for example, to ream the wellbore, which may include enlarging the bore hole and/or otherwise contacting the hole wall, such as to stabilize one or more pieces of downhole equipment, for example. Reaming is used broadly herein and may occur in any direction and over any period of time, constantly or intermittently. One or more bodies may be coupled to the stem, each of which may be made from the same material as the stem, or a different material. The body may be coupled in any manner required by a particular application, such as by welding, threading, pinning, and/or other methods. In at least one embodiment, the body may be made from two or more plates coupled together. The body may define one or more profiles, such as pads or blades. As another example, the body may include receptacles, such as for the attachment of cutting elements, heads, holders, legs, stabilizers or other devices useful for reaming a wellbore. Some elements of the body, or portions thereof, may be formed integrally with the body, while others may be formed separately and coupled thereto. Furthermore, I have created methods of forming and using the pilot reamer. The methods may include the formation of two or more components, such as a stem or body, separately, simultaneously or otherwise, and may further include coupling those components in one or more fashions to form the reamer tool and/or ream the wellbore.
Each component of the reamer 100, such as those described above, may be attached to the stem 102 or body 104 permanently, removably, or otherwise. For example, the blocks 110 and legs 114 may be permanently welded to body 104, or they may be easily removable, such as using pins, screws, bolts, or the like. The components may be replaceable, interchangeable, or reusable and may be coupled to the body 104 in any order. In at least one exemplary embodiment, four blocks 110 and four legs 114 may preferably be coupled radially around the circumference of the body 104 in an alternating fashion, but they need not be. Alternatively, the components may be of any type useful for reaming wellbores, including blocks 110 and legs 114. The components may be coupled in any order and in any number.
The components of the reamer 100 may be manufactured in any manner, such as casting, forging, or as another example, machining. One of skill in the art will appreciate that manufacturing decisions may be made according to the requirements of a particular application, considering such things as use, strength, costs or, as another example, material availability. In some embodiments, such as where the body 104 is composed of two or more plates, the plates may be cut to raw size, for example, by torch, water, laser or another method. Once the components of the reamer 100 are formed, they may be joined or coupled in any manner. For example, the stem 102 may be inserted into the internal passage of the body 104, such as until the shoulder 210 rests adjacent the body 104. The two components may be coupled to one another, such as by pinning, threading, press fitting or, for example, welding, singularly or in combination. In various embodiments, for example, welds may be placed at one or more locations, such as at seams 608 or 610, or there may be no welds at all.
A lower body 104 may preferably have a cutting diameter larger than the pilot bit (not shown) and smaller than the upper body 104, but it need not. For example, in some applications requiring pilot bits, such as PDC bits, slip stick may occur, such as when the pilot bit is allowed to dig too deeply into the formation. One or more reamers 100, which may be less aggressive than the pilot bit, may be coupled uphole from the pilot bit. A reamer 100 may counteract the aggressiveness of the pilot bit, which may accomplish, for example, smoother overall drilling. For example, a more aggressive pilot bit may tend to want to drill faster than a reamer 100, which may result in the transfer of drilling weight to one or more reamers 100 from the pilot bit. The one or more reamers 100, for example, may drill better under increased weight and/or may not exhibit slip stick during operations, which may result in smoother operations.
Other applications may not include the use of a pilot bit. For example, the wellbore, or pilot hole, may be an existing drilled hole, such as a wellbore, mine, or other hole, wherein a pilot bit may not be necessary. For example, in a mine raising application, a pilot hole may already be present from one level to another in a mine. One or more reamers 100 may be coupled to the drill string at a lower level, for example, and drilling may occur in an uphole direction. The present invention may be advantageous in reducing or eliminating the need for drilling fluid to evacuate cuttings, reducing bottom hole pressure problems or, as another example, allowing gravity to keep the drilling surface clean.
Other and further embodiments utilizing one or more aspects of the inventions described above can be devised without departing from the spirit of my invention. For example, the body may be coupled to the stem so that it may be removed after use and/or replaced such that the stem may be reused downhole or elsewhere. In addition, while the bodies were described herein as having a fixed diameter, the components associated therewith may be moveable or expandable, such as through the use of drilling fluid or mechanical devices. Further, the various methods and embodiments of the pilot reamer can be included in combination with each other to produce variations of the disclosed methods and embodiments. Discussion of singular elements can include plural elements and vice-versa.
The order of steps can occur in a variety of sequences unless otherwise specifically limited. The various steps described herein can be combined with other steps, interlineated with the stated steps, and/or split into multiple steps. Similarly, elements have been described functionally and can be embodied as separate components or can be combined into components having multiple functions.
The inventions have been described in the context of preferred and other embodiments and not every embodiment of the invention has been described. Obvious modifications and alterations to the described embodiments are available to those of ordinary skill in the art. The disclosed and undisclosed embodiments are not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of my invention, but rather, in conformity with the patent laws, I intend to fully protect all such modifications and improvements that come within the scope or range of equivalent of the following claims.
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text:
Mrs. Ford would have politely told her critics to stow it, though she might have agreed with them on a thing or two.
The $9 "Priority Boarding" fee on Delta so you can "stow your bags without hassle"?
c.1300, verbal use of Old English noun stow "a place" (common in place names) from Proto-Germanic *stowijanan (cf. Old Frisian sto "place," Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch stouwen "to stow," Old High German stouwen "to stop, check," German stauen "to stow"), from PIE *stau-, from root *sta- "to stand" (cf. Old Church Slavonic stavljo "to place," Lithuanian stoviu "to stand;" see stet). The nautical sense of "put away to be stored, pack" (1550s) was enforced by Dutch stouwen "to cram, pack up close." Related: Stowed; stowing.


text:
A BLUE and white blockade and three-day police vigil have prevented the parents of teenage stabbing victim Jake Lasker from finally returning to their home.
One recurrent question continues to burn in John and Joanne Lasker's minds - why?
The family has been flooded with the kind words of friends and strangers who have heard about their son's tragic death.
Mr Lasker appreciated the sentiment but said not a word in the dictionary could bring back his boy.
The couple returned to their home Rockville yesterday to pick up photo albums from detectives at their home, but were only allowed as close to the crime scene as the driveway.
They hope to hold Jake's funeral at the Garden of Remembrance Crematorium on Friday, but only if his body has been released.
"I couldn't believe it - he always thought he had no friends, but since he died so many have sent their support," Mr Lasker said.
Mr Lasker said the capture of his son's alleged killer Max Peter Smith had taken some pressure off his family.
Jake's 17-year-old autistic brother Adam still does not fully understand he has gone, but the reality is slowly sinking in.
"Adam keeps asking where his brother is," Mrs Lasker said.
"We just tell him he's in a better place... that he's gone to heaven.
"When we get back into the house he's going to be walking around in circles looking for Jake."
Mrs Lasker received messages of support from as far as America, where friends Jake made by playing multiplayer video games on Xbox had heard of his brutal death.
"They are making a collection of songs for us to play at his funeral," Mrs Lasker said.
"That's their way of helping us."
Friends of the family have also set up a donation drop-box at Coco's Fresh Food Market at the Hooper Centre on Hume St.
Close to $2000 has already been raised to help the Laskers with the cost of the funeral.
More drop-boxes are expected to be installed at stores around the city in the coming days.
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Reply+1#42 - veryspecialagent ONLINE (06/14/2013) [-]
If I had a nickel for every time I saw this post.. Right guise?! RIGHT??
but no srsly I'd have like $13
but no srsly I'd have like $13
Reply+1#76 to #42 - alreadyexiststho (06/14/2013) [-]


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Amazon Development Centre Scotland are sponsoring a meet and greet drinks reception for the first meet-up of Big Data Scotland!
Come along to the Meadow Bar function room (up the stairs) for some drinks and the chance to chat with other enthusiasts about all things Big Data.
Beers will be provided on a first come first serve basis to kick things off!
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Bog full bodied petite syrah that is just wonderful.
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- Great blend of Reds (46% Syrah, 25% Zinfandel, 14% Grenache, 10% Mourvèdre, 5% Petite Syrah) from Paso Robles - ⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Married 14 months. Dinner at Kobe Steak. This petite Syrah is SOOO good. The 2012 is def better than the 2011
- This one was a good one. Not acidic and went down smoothly. Buttery finish.
- Bills 2/14/15. Deep rich purpl from st helena. Awesome velvety petite surah
- A beautiful "petite" Chateauneuf-du-Pape Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre blend from Jean Marie Royer enjoyed on Xmas Eve


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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 1/12/13
Taran Buie scored 24 points and Hofstra defeated William & Mary 70-59 Saturday in Colonial Athletic Association action. The Pride (5-11, 2-1) never trailed and led 27-17 lead at the break. Buie hit 8 of 17 shots from the field, including 3 treys in 9 attempts. He was 5 for 6 at the foul line. Stevie Mejia scored 10 of his 14 points at the stripe. David Imes added 10 points. Brandon Britt led William & Mary (7-8, 1-3) with 21 points, shooting 8 for 16 from the floor. Marcus Thornton's 17 points included 9 at the stripe in 11 attempts. Kyle Gaillard was the third Tribe player in double figures with 10. Hofstra hit 47.9 percent (23 of 48) from the field. The Tribe was 19 for 55 (34.5 percent). Hofstra's bench outscored the Tribe's 10-2, and the Pride had a 17-10 advantage in second-chance points.
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Crafty Creatures
By Chillingo Ltd
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
"...unique and enjoyable puzzle-solving experience." — PocketGamer
Design and share your crafty creations in this unique puzzle game. Make your own creatures and levels then share them with the world. Play through the levels that come ready made, joining the creatures together using your reactions and powers of puzzle-solving!
Build share your own creatures and levels! Make them as crazy and colorful as you can imagine!
Crafty Creatures features 50 levels spread over five unique chapter. Each has its own unique crafted artistic style unlike anything on the App Store
Ingenious puzzles the whole family can enjoy. Put your heads together and solve the puzzles as a team or go solo!
Universal; plays great on iPhone, iPod touch and iPad.
For more information or support, please visit www.chillingo.com
Customer Reviews
Complete waste of a buck
I'm writing this review just to tell how bad this game is. This game has nothing to it. I like puzzle games but this game has no depth or variety. You literally get rid of blocks to get two things to touch. What is this?
And I also like games that have a level editor. But this editor is horrible. There's no fun in creating a level
Feel a little bit to slow.
It's a complete of a buck!
It just crashes when I load it!!!
- $0.99
- Category: Games
- Released: Sep 19, 2012
- Version: 1.0
- Size: 42.0 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Chillingo Ltd
- © Progressive Media and Nordisk Film
Compatibility: Requires iOS 3.1 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Top In-App Purchases
- Wood pack$0.99
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- Opal pack$9.99
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- Platinum pack$4.99
- Jade pack$19.99
- Ruby pack$49.99


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