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Amanda Murphy - Holiday Bouquet - Floral Ornaments in Green
Amanda Murphy - Holiday Bouquet - Christmas Glass in Red #fabric #trends #2013 [www.itma-showtime...]
Everything Fabulous: Holiday Inspiration: Ornament Wreath + DIY 1. . Without even opening the hanger make a round shape. 2. To secure the metal cap to the ball, dab a little hot glue and press. 3. Untwist the end of the hanger, then start string one ornament at a time. Here is where you can play with color and size! 4. Cover the wire hook with a nice sating ribbon and voila... you have a lovely fun wreath that is super easy to hang..!!
Adorable holiday fabric line! Josephine Kimberling - Hip Holiday - Ornament Glam in Blue
Go Small with Displays— Ornaments have tons of pop. Utilize their glitter and glow for a small-space display. Glue an ornament to a small, round plastic or glass disk. Remove the hanger and tuck in mini blooms or sprigs of berries. Group the vase ornaments on a tray for a centerpiece.
Cut out the larger star from corrugated cardboard, cut the smaller one from sheet music, add a twine bow and a ribbon hanger (I haven't got those made yet). I think these are so stinkin' cute! I'm going to try some different shapes as well. Maybe some hearts, ovals, birdies, etc, etc, etc.
Joel Dewberry - Flora Rayon - Rose Bouquet Rayon in Poppy
Chandelier ornament v2--I wonder if this idea could be scaled up to poster size, to hang from the ceiling as party decor


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Weekender 24/7
News and views from the Express-News' arts and entertainment writers.
Posts by Author
Update update: 'Paranoia' earns another dubious distinction
The corporate-espionage thriller is no longer the year's worst movie, but it set a new low at the box office last weekend. [Read More]
Weird Al due at Majestic in October
Like Lady Gaga, he was born this way, too: The polka-loving, accordion-squeezing satirist returns to town Oct. 18 on his Alpocalypse Tour. [Read More]
'Spectacular Now,' 'Blue Jasmine' — finally some good movies due in S.A.
The two critically praised movies open Friday amid the mainstream dregs. [Read More]
Update: 'Paranoia' the year's worst film so far, RT critics say
Its Tomatometer score of 2 puts it in the lead. [Read More]
'Paranoia': Big stars, low expectations?
Why is a film featuring Harrison Ford and Gary Oldman worried about what critics might write? We're starting to find out … [Read More]
Kathy Griffin returns to Majestic in November
She'll film a Bravo Channel special, so chances are everything and everyone is fair game. [Read More]
Elton John sets Austin show
He's playing a benefit Oct. 17 in the Moody Theater, home of "Austin City Limits." [Read More]
'Planes': A Pixar movie in August? Uh, no.
It's marketed like a Pixar movie, but it's actually a direct-to-video Disney flick that sprouted wings and is flying into theaters this weekend instead. [Read More]
Critics pan 'We're the Millers,' 'Percy Jackson'
Opening today, the two flicks are typical of late summer, when the schedule is more crowded and even less inspired. [Read More]
A modest defense of 'Ishtar'
The 1987 comedy starring Dustin Hoffman and Warren Beatty, considered one of the biggest flops of all time, finally comes out on Blu-ray today. [Read More]
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Local News
Rec. district considers options for KendrickAugust 21, 2014
SHERIDAN —The Sheridan Recreation District board introduced a couple of new members during its meeting yesterday, and those new additions are being thrown into the fire right away. Mayor John Heath was added to the recreation district board. As someone who has coached soccer and likes to get involved in the community, Heath said he Read More
Sheridan VA director to retire
SHERIDAN — Sheridan VA Healthcare System Director Debra L. Hirschman will retire on Oct. 31, 2014, after serving in the health care field for 45 years. According to a press release from the VA, the decision was made over a year ago. "It has been an honor and a privilege for me to serve veterans Read More
Sheridan Dog and Cat Shelter to be renovated
SHERIDAN— Pedigree and GreaterGood have teamed up to give selected shelters across the nation a makeover. The Sheridan Dog and Cat Shelter has been selected to receive renovation, and needs volunteers to help finish the project. The renovations will take place Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Volunteers can sign up online Read More
Final 2014 ParkFit at Thorne-Rider to focus on circuits
SHERIDAN — EMIT Technologies, the Recreation District and the Wellness Council have partnered to present ParkFit 2014. Every Wednesday throughout the summer from 12:10-12:50 p.m. a free fitness class has been offered at one of the local parks. The next and final session will be circuit by the A.J. Sare at Thorne-Rider Park. All members Read More
Wyoming Drifters to play at Senior Center
SHERIDAN— Pedigree and GreaterGood have teamed up to give selected shelters across the nation a makeover. The Sheridan Dog and Cat Shelter has been selected to receive renovation, and needs volunteers to help finish the project. The renovations will take place Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Volunteers can sign up online Read More
Organizers add activities to Story Days
STORY — Organizers have added some features to the 28th annual Story Days celebration set for this weekend in the timber-lined community south of Sheridan. "We have a new crew this year organizing it, so we have some new ideas," longtime Story Days committee member Patty Hoover said this week. "That is always nice to Read More
County reviews budgets, hears from resident on Darby PledgeAugust 20, 2014
SHERIDAN — County Administrative Director Renee Obermueller told county commissioners at their meeting Tuesday that conservative budgetting and strict adherence by department heads to their budgets has lead to an approximately $2.38 million budget overage for fiscal year 2013-2014 that will be carried over into this year's budget to reduce the amount that will need Read More
Incumbent commissioners move forward to general, challenger Fox eliminated
SHERIDAN — Three incumbent county commissioners will move forward to the general election for three open seats on County Commission following results from the primary election Tuesday. Commissioners Terry Cram, Steve Maier and Bob Rolston pulled ahead of challenger Dennis Fox, who was running on a platform of lower taxes and financial restraint. Fox pulled in Read More
House District 29 decided by just 22 votes
SHERIDAN — Rep. John Patton, R-Sheridan, went to bed last night thinking he'd lost the race for House District 29 in the primary election by eight votes. With 29 out of 29 precincts reporting, his challenger, Ptolemy Data Systems CEO Ryan Mulholland, was ahead by eight votes. However, the addition of absentee ballots to the Read More
SCSD1 obtains property after 'long saga'
SHERIDAN — Sheridan County School District 1 will soon officially own a small strip of land they have been using but due to a surveying mistake made in the 1960s did not technically own. In what SCSD1 Business Manager Jeremy Smith described as "the end to a very long saga" the board of directors voted Read More
Mark Jennings unseats Kathy Coleman in HD 30
SHERIDAN — Although candidate Mark Jennings pulled in 65 percent of the votes in the race for House District 30, he said he realizes there's still an election coming, and he plans on continuing to get out to get to know his potential constituents. "I view it like there's still an election to be had. Read More
Backcountry Horsemen to meet Tuesday
SHERIDAN— The Cloud Peak chapter of the Backcountry Horsemen will hold their monthly meeting on Tuesday at 6:30 p.m. at the home of Dwight French. A steak fry and potluck will be served. Jim Pratt, the treasurer for the State Backcountry board will be there to answer questions. To be included in the head count Read More
Don King Days set for Labor Day weekend
SHERIDAN— The annual Don King Days is set to kick off Aug. 30 with the World Champion Blacksmiths Contest. The gates open at 9 a.m. both Aug. 30 and Aug. 31 for the contest. On Aug. 31, the introduction of ropers, riders, players and horses will be at 11 a.m. with the Calcutta beginning at Read More
Press to appeal ruling in SCSD2 caseAugust 19, 2014
SHERIDAN — The Sheridan Press will appeal a 4th Judicial District Court decision regarding the legality of closed sessions held by the Sheridan County School District 2 board of trustees. The appeal was filed with the Wyoming Supreme Court and was sent to the 4th Judicial District Court for filing on Monday. The appeal is Read More
Luck of the draw — First lottery ticket to be sold here
SHERIDAN — The first lottery ticket to be sold in Wyoming will be sold to Mary Ogg, 67, of Sheridan on Sunday at noon. Ogg won the drawing held by the Wyoming Lottery Saturday. She was chosen randomly from among the more than 27,000 entrants in a giveaway the Lottery created to promote its upcoming Read More
Clearmont residents discuss animal ordinance
CLEARMONT — Nearly one-sixth of the population of the town of Clearmont attended the Clearmont Town Council meeting Monday to discuss proposed changes to the town's animal ordinance, which currently does not allow livestock, chickens, rabbits and similar animals within town limits. Mayor Chris Schock said the ordinance is not very well followed or enforced, Read More
Increased revenues, decreased expenditures could indicate economic uptick
SHERIDAN — Although only one month into its new fiscal year, the city of Sheridan is reporting increased revenues and decreased expenditures, potentially indicating the uptick in the economy that was hoped for earlier this year when City Council adopted a general fund budget for the year that was $500,000 more than the previous year's budget. Read More
Bighorn elk hunters asked to assist with brucellosis surveillance
BIGHORN MOUNTAINS — In cooperation with the Wyoming State Veterinarian's office, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department will conduct brucellosis surveillance in the Bighorn Mountains by collecting blood samples from hunter harvested elk this fall. WGFD officials are asking successful elk hunters to assist in this effort by collecting blood samples from elk immediately after Read More
Internal medicine clinic for adults to open in Ranchester today
SHERIDAN — Physician's assistant Stephanie Sander and nurse practitioner Kim Gilbert will alternate in conducting internal medicine outreach clinics for adults (age 16 years and older) in Ranchester on Tuesdays beginning today. The clinic, operated by Big Horn Mountain Medicine, an affiliate of Sheridan Memorial Hospital, will be open on Tuesdays from 8:30 a.m. to Read More
BNF seeking advisory committee members
SHERIDAN — The Bighorn National Forest is seeking individuals to fill openings on the Bighorn Resource Advisory Committee. The committee recommends projects and funding to improve forest health, watersheds, roads and facilities on or adjacent to the Bighorn National Forest. Committee members will be appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture and must represent varied interests Read More
Student news Aug. 19, 2014
• Pfc. Gary Curtis Foster, 20, of Sheridan, graduated from the U.S. Marine Corps basic training in San Diego, California, Aug. 8. Foster successfully completed 13 weeks of intensive basic training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot as one of 51 recruits. He will be home in Sheridan for 10 days leave, and then will Read More
Challengers report higher contributions than incumbentsAugust 18, 2014
SHERIDAN — Challengers in local races for the 2014 primary election raised more money than incumbents by huge margins for the May 12-Aug. 12 filing period. On the state level, though, candidate contributions vary more based on sources rather than total dollar amounts. The largest margins could be seen in the race for Sheridan County Read More
Primary voting: How it works
SHERIDAN — Although the word "primary" indicates something first in rank or essential to a system, voter turnout in primary elections versus general elections in America has been dropping since the 1970s, and Wyoming is no different. Records kept by the Wyoming Secretary of State's office show that voter turnout for primary elections was 42 Read More
Szymanski enters race, any race, as write-in candidate
SHERIDAN — One candidate hoping to be elected to political office this fall has an unusual approach to the process — he's asking you to elect him as a write-in candidate for whatever position you see fit. Darryl Szymanski sent out a press release Thursday afternoon making the request. "Reluctantly and belatedly no doubt, but Read More
Elected officials, 2014 hopefuls attend Reagan Day Dinner
SHERIDAN— The Sheridan County Republican Party held its annual Reagan Day Dinner Saturday night at the new Thorne Rider Campus Center at Sheridan College. Some of the notable guests included Sen. Mike Enzi, candidate for U.S. Senate Bryan Miller and Secretary of State candidate Pete Illoway. The keynote speaker was 20-year-old Charlie Kirk who has Read More


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City Clerk
City Clerk
Sheri Hartz
Phone: 415-899-8900
Fax: 415-899-8213
The City Clerk's office oversees all City records and serves as the primary public contact for the City. The City Clerk coordinates the preparation of the City Council agendas, takes the official minutes of Council meetings, notices all public hearings and official meetings, and coordinates with County officials for City Council and local elections. The City Clerk is responsible for Brown Act compliance for all public meetings and ceremonial and procedural functions of the City Council. The City Clerk maintains the Council Policy Manual, rosters for all Council-appointed Boards and Commissions, roster for Standing and Ad Hoc Committee assignments, and the Council Agenda Schedule.


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Earlier this week, Apple Music made its long awaited debut on iOS devices, PCs and Macs. Coupled with Beats 1, a 24-hour streaming radio service and a completely redesigned iOS app, it was a big coming out party for Apple's streaming music service which has launched to positive reviews. For those who installed iOS 8.4.1, they have an opportunity to take advantage of an extensive trial period of 3-months. The new Music app has a number features that require subscribing to their new service. There have been reports of users experiencing problems signing up to Apple Music and there appears to be a correlation between subscription problems and being a former subscriber of Apple's iTunes Match service. … [Read more...]
Everything that happened at WWDC 2015: iOS 9, WatchOS 2, El Capitan and Apple Music
Apple today held their yearly worldwide developer conference. Though it's technically for developers, consumers look to WWDC as the biggest Apple event of the year. It's where Apple lays the groundwork software updates to iPhones, iPads, Apple Watch and Macs. Prior to the event, speculation was that we'd see a renewed focus on stability. That being said, there were an extensive number of new features introduced on all the three major platforms – OS X, iOS and watchOS. The event wrapped up with the long awaited introduction of Apple Music, a refreshed Music app that integrates a Beats powered streaming music service. You can watch WWDC later now and it will be available to download through iTunes. We've compiled a list of everything that … [Read more...]
Apple Music will not be available on Sonos at launch
Apple Music was introduced today with the service scheduled to start on June 30th. Pricing starts at $9.99 for an individual and $14.99 for families or up to six users. Apple will also be offering a 3-month trial. The service brings much of what people loved about Beats Music, specifically curated playlists. Apple has announced that an Android app will be available this fall. Apple has yet to commit to supporting Sonos. For their part, Sonos would like to support Apple Music, but have confirmed that it won't be supported when Apple Music launches later this fall. Sonos support provided this official statement. Although it will not be available at launch, we'd love to bring the service to Sonos as soon as Apple is ready. For their … [Read more...]
Does the iPhone need more RAM?
Apple has typically been a company whose focus has been on the user experience and that's largely the same today, at least when marketing to their base. Their yearly events tell a different story, often using those to inform the tech industry of serious performance gains, all of which are warranted. The A8 processor is a beast of a processor and one that offers impressive performance gains over the previous generation. The iPhone 6 checks plenty of boxes. It's the first true big screen iPhone, follows their tradition of stellar hardware build and continues to ship with upgrades abound. In a year that saw so many upgrades, why are they continuing to ship iPhones with a paltry 1GB of RAM? … [Read more...]
Tim Cook Discusses Apple Watch, Apple Pay In 35-Minute Interview
Apple's Tim Cook was recently interviewed by Gerard Baker at the WSJD Live global technology conference. Below is the full 35-minute interview in which Cook talks about the Apple Watch and the rollout of Apple Pay. Source: WSJ … [Read more...]
New Apple Web Tool Lets You Deregister Phone Number From iMessage
There have been no shortage of iMessage horror stories from folks who migrated to something other than an iPhone. This comes on the heels of widespread compliants and a class-action lawsuit. Earlier this year, Apple promised that a software fix was in the works. Noticed by a user on Reddit (via The Verge), Apple has published an online tool to dergister iMessage. … [Read more...]
The Apple Pay off and why some retailers are betting on the wrong horse
A collection of retailers including Rite-Aid and CVS have decided to disable NFC at their payment terminals. As a result, they have disabled Apple Pay functionality, along with Google Wallet (which also allows payments through NFC) as a beneficiary of the decision. They are part of Merchant Customer Exchange, who are working on their own payment system that uses CurrentC, an app currently available in the App Store. If you want to actually use it, you'll need to wait for an invitation. That hasn't prevented it from getting review torched by disenfranchised Apple enthusiasts, unhappy with the Apple Pay being turned off. The list of merchants supporting CurrentC is actually quite extensive with well known retailers like Walmart, Best Buy, … [Read more...]
Saying My Goodbyes To One-Handed Usability
I've been using the iPhone 6 Plus extensively over the past week. It's got a heavy duty case on it, because I'm deathly afraid of dropping it. For all of the improvements, if you drop an iPhone, there's a good chance that beautiful screen will shatter. Unlike in previous years, the cost to repair is $129, significantly less now that Apple had the facilities to do them on location. I have not been able to use the iPhone 6 Plus with one hand, at all. It's strictly a two handed device. That's the trade-off for having a bigger than bigger phone. As for the iPhone 6, it feels incredibly small when I switch to that phone. My wife got the smaller 4.7-inch iPhone 6. I definitely feel a bit more comfortable navigating with one hand. With either … [Read more...]
Apple: Only 9 Customer Complaints of Bent iPhone 6
In response to the growing concerns over bent iPhones, Apple today issue a short statement to CNBC on the subject. According to Apple, only 9 customers have complained to the company about bent iPhones. They also noted that the new iPhones "feature steel/titanium inserts to reinforce stress locations and use the strongest glass in the industry." After a few, isolated reports of the larger iPhone 6 Plus bending, the story became national news. Not helping matters were YouTube torture test videos. These showcased the bending of iPhones using pressure well beyond what anyone would consider reasonabily normal. If there was one takeaway from the videos, it did show the iPhone 6 to be more difficult to bend. Here's the full context of … [Read more...]
Bending Perspective
The recent news of the iPhone 6 Plus possibly being susceptible to bending has caused strong reactions, from all sides. Another year, another controversy that hasn't gone quietly, at least yet. A new iPhone is big news and an even bigger target. People love to find a chink in the aluminum-clad armor of Apple's iPhones. Within hours of the first report on MacRumors, there were trending hashtags for #bendgate and in less than 24 hours, it was being woefully distorted by major news networks. The Pocket Let's clear something up. No phone, regardless of its size, should ever find its way to your back pocket. That's never a good idea, despite a bevy of ass shots posted on the Internet showing how the bigger iPhone 6 fits in rear pockets … [Read more...]
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VIEWS: 55 PAGES: 6 POSTED ON: 10/26/2010 Public Domain
12 mistakes affiliates make – and how to fix them 1. Are you telling people how to make money on the Internet when you don't know how yourself? Perhaps – just perhaps – you can succeed at this, but it's the most obvious trap into which new affiliates fall. You join a few affiliate programs and set up a site offering Internet marketing tips, work-from-home tips, instant-business tips, or be-your-own-boss tips. The advantages of doing this include having great products to promote, high commissions and lots of help from Internet marketers. However, if you do this, you face two massive challenges. 1. You'll have hundreds of thousands of web pages out there competing with yours. 2. You're competing with the planet's best marketing EXPERTS. Some of the brightest brains in Internet marketing are working full-time to grab the attention of your target audience. I'm not saying you can't succeed in this field, but if you're new to affiliate programs, this is definitely NOT the best place to begin. If you're struggling, find a less well traveled path. You don't have to abandon your existing web site. Just launch a new one based on a new theme. Later, when you've learned more and really have something to offer, it will be time to revamp your marketing tips web site. If you want an idea for a product to promote, here's one. You could promote the new book Make Your Net Auction SELL! which tells people how to make a great income from Internet auctions. They don't even need a web site. Sure, you'll have some competition, but it's not TOO lively. Here's an indication: The top spot for the key phrase "Internet auctions" costs only 21 cents per click on Overture today. In comparison, the keyword "marketing" costs $1.11. Choose a new theme. Try a new niche. 2. Are you promoting the PROGRAM instead of the PRODUCT? Over and over again, affiliates join a two-tier affiliate program and then create a page telling other people to join it. I've done this myself with LifetimeCustomers.com. However, that site is not my core business. It's just one page, which I created fairly quickly. Feel free to try that technique, but don't pin all your hopes on it. Unless you're really skilled at signing up key people in key places, or know how to sign up many thousands of affiliates, you're not likely to get rich on second-tier commissions. The people you sign up will tend to copy you and try to sign up more people... Whoops! That sounds like the worst aspects of multi-level marketing. Who's going to actually SELL something and earn commissions? I once read a report which claimed that my success with the SiteSell affiliate program is due to the fact that I've signed up thousands of sub-affiliates. That suggestion was just a silly guess – and it's utter rubbish. Only a tiny percentage of the thousands of dollars I earn each month from SiteSell is from second-tier commissions. I succeed because I promote the PRODUCTS. They're incredibly good value, I believe in them, and I succeed by telling people so. Here's proof that "affiliate programs" is a tough, competitive field. Try typing "affiliate programs" into Google. You're competing with 302,000 other pages. Try the phrase without the quotation marks and you're competing with 1,020,000 other pages. Promote the PRODUCTS. 3. Are you using banners instead of endorsements? I know. It takes time, effort and money to buy and study the product you're trying to sell. It's much easier just to cut and paste a bit of HTML code. However, personal, enthusiastic endorsements out-sell everything else by miles. If you put in the effort, you'll get the sales. You can probably quadruple your sales by endorsing the products you sell. You can also combine graphics, text, short descriptions and relevant articles. However, best of all are your own, original personal endorsements. Write honest, enthusiastic endorsements. 4. Are you failing to capture email addresses? If you don't collect addresses, your marketing effort is a one-shot wonder. You're making only one attempt per visitor to achieve a sale and then giving up. As branding expert Rob Frankel says, people like buying from people they know, like and trust. If you're not giving people a chance to get to know and trust you, don't be surprised if they don't buy. If you're not collecting email addresses, you're seriously crippling your marketing. Remember how the big dot-coms poured buckets of money into banner advertising and TV advertising? Now they've finally realized that collecting email addresses is much better value. It's getting harder and harder to do, because we're all deluged with spam and newsletters which don't provide the information we need. So get started now, before the competition becomes even stronger. You may not want the commitment of publishing a weekly newsletter. Perhaps you don't believe you have the necessary skills. One option is to simply offer a monthly Update newsletter, telling people what's new on your site. Perhaps you don't like the thought of being tied to a weekly or monthly publishing schedule. You don't have to be. You can publish irregularly, only when you feel you have something worth saying – or selling. If you want a no-nonsense, no-hype guide to newsletter publishing, I highly recommend Ezine Adrenaline: How to Create, Publish and Market A Profitable E-zine on the Internet by Kate Schultz. It tells you all the stuff you need to know. Build an opt-in e-mail list. 5. Do you have visitors but no sales? Some affiliates complain that they receive thousands of visitors but can't turn those visitors into buyers. To them, I usually recommend re-reading Ken Evoy's article on pre-selling. Studying that article and implementing Ken's suggestions could have a huge impact on your sales. Here's another fascinating, useful article. Donald Skarzenski reports on a company which bought a MILLION visitors but – whoops! – hadn't first taken the time to figure out what to do with them. It's a tale of stupidity on a grand scale. http://www.digitrends.net/marketing/13639_15229.html UPDATE: Sorry. That article has disappeared. Learn how to PRE-sell. 6. Are you doing the same tired old things over and over? It's time to try something new. If you keep repeating actions which fail, you'll continue failing. If what you're doing isn't working well, it's time to change it, to move out of your comfort zone and try something new. Here's something you can do. You can syndicate your columns or tips all over the Net to other web sites. Imagine how that would boost your image, your traffic and your sales. Each web site publishing your column simply puts two lines of JavaScript code on its page at the location where your column is to appear. All you do is paste your column into a Syndicator form and click a button. That one button click automatically updates all syndicated web site pages. You don't even have to create the script. Acclaimed CGI expert William Bontrager has done that for you. You can learn how to syndicate your content here. Try new techniques. 7. Are you building a business on a foundation of sand? Are you promoting questionable products and services in the hope of earning high commissions? Or are you building something of VALUE? Are you creating a business you're proud of? Even if it's a small site, build a USEFUL, strong web site, one which provides valuable information and helps people. Not only will this give you a great sense of achievement, it will do wonders for your marketing. If you build a site or write a newsletter which helps people, your readers will do a lot of your marketing for you. They really will. I love it when I see my sites mentioned on other web sites, in newsletters, in mailing lists and in books. I love it when web sites link to mine. For example, my assistant Glennys is building a useful resource with PayPerClickSearchEngines.com , the first directory of pay-per-click search engines. Most of the links to it were created simply because web site owners like it and want to recommend it. Ralph Wilson, publisher of the hugely popular Web Marketing Today newsletter, has created a massive, valuable Internet marketing resource which earns links the same way. Such voluntary links are pure gold. People see the site recommended, visit it, and add a link on their site, and so on... Such a site takes time to build but after a while momentum builds. If you're the expert in your niche, you'll be interviewed for articles in newsletters and books – and those articles will attract more interviews for more articles... All those links and favorable mentions don't just boost your reputation and sales, they help boost your ranking in search engines such as Google. Build something useful. 8. Are you selling ONLY other people's products? It is possible to earn a living that way, but such successes are rare. Create your OWN product. Then you can use affiliate programs for back-end sales. That works well because someone who has just bought a product is often in the mood for buying a second, complementary product. When you create your own product, you control your destiny. You control how it is marketed. You control how much profit you make. Neil Shearing's newly revamped Internet Success Blueprint tells you how to do it, how to create an ebook, illustrate it, and sell it, with or without a merchant account. Neil describes, step-by-step, how he earns his living online. If you need help with brainstorming to come up with an idea for your info-product, I highly recommend Make Your Knowledge SELL! which also lists hundreds of places to promote your ebook. It's fantastic value. Create your own product. 9. Are you just SELLING instead of HELPING? I hope you subscribe to John Audette's I-Sales Digest. It's an absolute MUST. There are many reasons for its success. One is that members of that community help each other in their posts to the mailing list. John says that I-Sales Digest was the major force behind his success in building a multi-million- dollar business. The digest gives him an opportunity to build credibility, respect and trust while encouraging people to help others. UPDATE: John sold I-Sales Digest. It's still OK, but it doesn't have John's brilliant touch any more. A really good free email discussion list is LED Digest Is your web site or newsletter just selling, or is it helping people learn? In his 138-page book, "Helpfulness Marketing: How to Charm Web Visitors to Buy and Buyers to Help You Sell!" Paul Siegel says that if you create a helpful, learning community you'll put people in the mood for buying. His book may make you rethink how you do business. Help people learn. 10. Are you learning from mediocre sources? Because conditions are changing so fast on the Net, you need to learn fast and grab the opportunities which exist now. One way to save time is to learn from Internet experts. You won't make so many mistakes that way. Learn from people who are earning a very good living from Internet marketing. Neil Shearing persuaded 10 Internet experts – some of whom are earning millions of dollars – to reveal what it takes to make huge profits on the Internet. These aren't "magic bullets". They're valuable insights for serious business-building. They could change the way you do business and change your life. http://www.AssociatePrograms.com/diamonds Learn from experts. 11. Have you forgotten to add a dash of personality? When Chris Pirillo published his Libera Manifesto on his site he received a huge flood of responses. Chris received that outpouring of support because he injects his personality into his writing and because he's acknowledged as a hard-working expert in his field. Too much of the Internet is cold and anonymous. Your web site visitors appreciate knowing that there's a real person running the site they're visiting. Inject your personality into your site. 12. Are you failing to PLAN? I received an email from someone who had bought a domain name and was trying to decide what to do with it. Whoops! That's getting things backwards. First you have to decide what you want to do. Here are three main options for affiliates. They all work. Option 1: "Go where the money is," says the highly successful Marlon Sanders. Do research on what is popular and sell that. Do a survey, find out what people want and sell it to them. Want to know what's hot? Here's a really fast way. Keep an eye on Yahoo! Shopping – http://shopping.yahoo.com/ . Yahoo! has done lots of research and endless experimenting. It knows what sells. Look at the "What's hot" list, where you'll find such things as digital cameras, MP3 players and Razor scooters. Option 2: "Follow your passion," says Ken Evoy. Choose a topic in which you are passionately interested and build a site around that theme. That way, you'll enjoy what you're doing and derive a great deal of satisfaction from it. It won't seem like work. "Everyone, absolutely EVERYONE, has a special interest... a passion," he says. Having trouble choosing a topic? See Day 2 of Ken's free "Affiliate Masters" course. It shows you how to brainstorm your concept. Option 3. Become passionately interested in something. Immerse yourself in all the little details about a topic and suddenly you'll become so absorbed that it's like a hobby, not a business. That's what affiliate programs have become like for me. Perhaps for you it could be digital cameras. If you become passionately interested in products which are hot sellers with little competition, that's even better! To learn how to find those HIGH PROFITABILITY topics and products, see Day 3 of the "Affiliate Masters" course. Download the 10-day free course here: http://www.AssociatePrograms.com/free-downloads/free-course.shtml Plan first, set your goals, and then act. ... and have fun. ur goals, and then act. ... and have fun.
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FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 1 FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray January 30, 2007 1:00 pm CT Coordinator: Thank you for standing by. Just a reminder that today's call is being recorded. If anyone has any objections, you may disconnect at this time. Ms. Jones, you may begin. Jane Houston-Jones: Thank you very much. Hello, everybody. This is Jane Houston-Jones. I'm from Cassini Outreach and I'm going to be your host today because we are having our semi-annual Project Science Review meeting where all of our Cassini science people get together and talk. And right now what they're doing is learning about the plans for our extended mission. And I think that would actually make a pretty interesting talk in the future. Our speaker today is Dave Doody. And Dave, besides being a good friend of mine, leads the team of Cassini real-time mission controller engineers. And FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 2 these are the folks that work with the Deep Space Network and send commands to the spacecraft. They check the various types of data coming back from Saturn and initiate any needed responses to any kind of problems. Dave first published the Basics of Space Flight and that's the topic of his talk today, as a tutorial for the JPL operations folks in 1993. This was when he was working on the Magellan flight team. He makes updates to it frequently and I actually have this link to our Saturn observation campaign resources page because I think it's such a wonderful resource. He is working on updating it as we speak. And in his spare time, he teaches a public night course called Basics of Interplanetary Flight at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. He also can sometimes be found out of the sidewalk showing Saturn through telescopes. So he's just an all-around great guy. So with that introduction, I'm going to remind everybody that if you're on a speakerphone and you have some noise coming, you know, in that bothers you, you can be guaranteed that it's going to be coming across to all of us. So you can hit star-6 to mute your telephones. Other than that, take it away, Dave. Dave Doody: Okay, thanks, Jane. Thank you very much. Hi, everybody. I think we'll be keeping this to under an hour although there is more time available. And before it forget, I wanted to say thanks to (Kirk Munsell) and crew for getting the PowerPoint and materials available online. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 3 A few mechanics for today's talk. If you can use the PowerPoint, please do because there are a couple of animated images that will make sense better if you can see them animating. And to do that, you should use the PowerPoint file and then bring it up in the view slide show mode. Otherwise, we can talk around them. And in addition to that, there are - I wanted to keep the content of movies in the PowerPoint show at minimum just to keep the file size down. But there is one movie that it would be really good if you can view while we're talking. And let me say in advance that that movie is called out on Slide 10 of the PowerPoint or the - also the PDF materials. There' a URL there that goes to the SOHO site and it's a movie taken from the SOHO/LASCO instrument, we'll talk more about what all that is, viewing the Sun. And that's the one movie that I will want to have people look at in real- time if possible. Otherwise, we can still (arm wave) over the phone. Please interrupt; let's keep it a casual conversation, questions, comments, boos, hisses. At any time, please just speak up and we'll talk about your questions or comments. So, the Basics of Space Flight, if you're on the PowerPoint or PDF, let's go from Page 1 to Page 2, Slide 2 where I've got the Basics of Space Flight URL listed for future reference. Have any of you seen it already? The URL, the Basics of Space Flight? Jane Houston-Jones: I have, Dave. This is Jane. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 4 Dave Doody: Well, I guess, it might take a little bit to mute and unmute so I won't demand answers. But… Jane Houston-Jones: I'll be sure to send it out to all the people who attend this meeting so that they all can bookmark it. Dave Doody: Okay. But it's spelled out here on Slide 2 www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics. And in this tutorial it's divided up into three sections, Section 1 is the environment, Section 2 is flight projects, different spacecraft, Section 3 is operations, launch crews encounter and stuff. For today's session, just in the interest of time, I think I want to confine it to just two sections, our environment, where it is that we fly interplanetary missions and a couple of different flight projects, maybe heavily slanted to Cassini while not covering - (Julie Webster) gave a CHARM talk a while back and so I'm not going to duplicate hers. But the tutorial online is broad in scope, it covers a lot of territory but only at limited depths and the intent is that we want to show the span of all the disciplines that are involved in interplanetary flight and the relations among those disciplines. Man: Excuse me a moment. I had called away and I don't see how you get the PowerPoint presentation. All comes up for me is the PDF file. Dave Doody: Oh, there is a password-protected site. Jane, do you have the URL for that? Jane Houston-Jones: I sure do. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 5 Lets' see, this is in the information that was sent out to announce this meeting. But I will give it… Dave Doody: The email, but I don't see it on the Web site either. Man: It was not in the email actually. Man: I have an email and it's not on the Web site. Man: I sent an email to Trina about this but I didn't… Jane Houston-Jones: She's been on vacation and… Man: Okay. Jane Houston-Jones: …a meeting. Okay. Dave Doody: Yeah, let's take a minute and resolve that. Jane Houston-Jones: I'm going to give everybody the URL, http://jplis-ftor-cache02… Man: Ca what please? Jane Houston-Jones: Cache02… Man: Okay. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 6 Jane Houston-Jones: ….jpl.nasa.gov; it's long and that's why some of you, I guess - I don't know why you're not getting it. I know I sent it out to the Saturn Observation Campaign. Are some of you getting it from the Solar System Ambassadors or the museums? Man: Solar System Ambassadors. It was not listed there. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Man: It usually is. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Man: And to make it easier on people, I eventually found it by going to an old email. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay, great. Man: I was linking that way. Jane Houston-Jones: I'll just remind (Kaye) to put that in her announcements. But after jpl.nasa.gov, it's another slash and then doclib/. So, http://jplis-stor-cache02.jpl.nasa.gov/doclib/. Now, when everybody gets there, you'll have a page that says, "Cassini Document Library." And you click on the library name, CHARM documents, and you may be asked for the password and the user name and the password. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 7 And if you are still with me, you type in, the user name is -- all lower case -- the word Cassini… Man: I came up NASA Space store, is that where I want to be? When I put all that in. Jane Houston-Jones: No. Man: So NASA Space store is what came up with all that stuff. I have in http:/jplis- store-cache02.jpl.nasa.gov and that's what came up. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Then put in /doclib/ after nasa.gov/doclib, document library, doclib/. Man: I didn't like the - doc-lib? Jane Houston-Jones: Doclib. Man: Right. For some reason… (Dan): So, Jane, this is (Dan) in North Carolina. I think as I was overhearing, he might have typed out the word store in the first… Jane Houston-Jones: Stor… (Dan): Right. Jane Houston-Jones: …not store. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 8 Man: Thank you. I can't find it. Jane Houston-Jones: If you want me to send it to you, I can email it to you, however is the person who - tell me your email address and I'll be happy to… Man: (Arthur Ignelzi)… Jane Houston-Jones: (Arthur)… Man: Excuse me, I'm starting over. Let's start over. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Man: Qualified@... Jane Houston-Jones: Could you start over again. Man: Just start all over, the word firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you. Jane Houston-Jones: firstname.lastname@example.com. Man: Right. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. I'll send it right away. Man: Here's another one for you, Jane. Man: Thank you. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 9 Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Man: Am I up now? Jane Houston-Jones: No. Let me type this in. Woman: Jane, could you send that out to all the - the group? Jane Houston-Jones: I only have the Saturn Observation Campaign names and I send it out every month. So the people who get their announcements from the Solar System Ambassadors or the Museum Alliance, I don't have those - I don't have - I don't know what the addresses to send that. Woman: Okay, thanks. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay, the next person. Man: firstname.lastname@example.com. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Man: Thank you. Man: And would you mind, you got to the user name but you never got the password for that other site. Jane Houston-Jones: Doc$85. Man: The D is the only capital, right? FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 10 Jane Houston-Jones: Capital D, lower case oc$85. Man: Thank you. Man: Can I give you my email address? Hello? Jane Houston-Jones: Yes? Man: Can I give you my email address please? Jane Houston-Jones: And - can you tell me which list you didn't get it on? Man: No, I did not get it on the address that was given on the email obviously. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay, great. Tell me your email address. Man: All right. It's (unintelligible) k4cg… Jane Houston-Jones: K4c… Man: Yes, that's correct, (Charlie), (gulf), (sierra). Jane Houston-Jones: K4cgs@... Man: (Bellsound).net. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 11 Man: Thank you very much. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay, I'm going to be sending this out. And so, Dave, why don't you go ahead and then I'll see if I can find a way to send an email while you're talking to the other people. Dave Doody: Okay, that'd be great. Jane Houston-Jones: Take it away. Dave Doody: Okay. Well, good. Thanks for doing the logistics. And this reminds of flying missions before there was a worldwide Web and even before email back on Magellan, we made the transition. Early part of the Magellan mission, we had no email and the latter part of the mission, we got again to use emails and then the worldwide Web came along in, what, 1992 or 1993, 1994, so - which is right when we put the Basics of Space Flight up on the Web. Just one of the early Web sites. So, regarding the solar system, it's been in the interest of study from the beginning, pre-history actually. All our human ancestors have been able to see the sky because Earth has periods at least and places where you can see through the atmosphere up to the sky and you can see the stars and a few of those lights in the sky moving as the stars didn't move and they were termed wanderers of planets. But for all of human history, up until very recently, all our observations were based on visible light and then in about 1931 we'd began accidentally to observe in radio and then starting with the emergence of space flight in 1957 and 1958 when the early Earth orbiters started flying. Then we could get FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 12 above the Earth's obscuring atmosphere and take advantage of not only light and radio but the whole rest of the spectrum. And, you know, if you picture an electromagnetic spectrum, the visible portion is just a tiny little slice. And so, opening up, observing solar system in particular in all of the electromagnetic spectrums is what we have available to us now. And then on top of all that, with interplanetary travel, you can send instruments of course to many of the solar system objects to measure their properties up close even directly in some cases. And in one case now, we've returned - two cases, that's right; return material back to Earth from out in the solar system. So let's go to Slide 3 and today's session will take a little bit closer look at the interplanetary environment that we operate in and, two, we'll see a little bit about some spacecraft and some instruments; I think since there are a lot of amateur astronomers, we'll look at some of the imaging instruments. And don't hesitate to come up with questions or comments. Page 4, Slide 4, I have a cartoon developed by our Spitzer friends. Spitzer is the infrared space telescope facility which operates and orbit about the Sun, trailing - as a trailing or leading? I think it's trailing the Earth as the Earth and the telescope go around the Sun but it has marvelous views and this is just an artist depiction from the Spitzer people. And it is in four quadrants here, A, B, C, and D, showing the typical evolution of a star from the point where it's a cloud of interstellar gas and dust, has flattened out into a disc. And from A to B to C is probably about 10 million to maybe 100 million years where the disc rotating of course because all the in- falling material didn't fall straight in, it had some component of motion to that and that averaged out to a rotating disc. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 13 And of course formed a massive body in the center which in the case of a star, begins using atomic nuclei together and producing energy from nuclear fusion. And over the eons, the rotating disc and the force of the star's radiation in the center clears out the disc. And by the time you get to panel C and D, you've got a disc that's mostly a star in the middle, a bunch of big chunks or planets and a cloud and then in the final panel, D, is what our solar system looks like today. You can't even see the planets in the solar system in the nice prints that I made but basically a star and a bunch of debris left over. Now, in that D panel, if you imagine about a quarter of the way out from the central star, our Sun, towards the outer ring and the outer ring is representing what - in our solar system is the Kuiper Belt of proto-comets, planetoids. About a quarter of the way out is about where Saturn would be or where operating our spacecraft. And I'd like to pause and think about the distances in terms of light time, first light going out from the Sun to Saturn since it's ten times as far as the Earth is from the Sun; it takes ten times the length of time for light or radio signals to get out to Saturn. If light takes about eight-point-three minutes to get to the Earth from the Sun, it takes 83 or so minutes to get out to the realm of Saturn. In my night school class, last week we used a large room, 205 feet long, gigantic meeting room, to deploy a scale model of the solar system. And we had Saturn out at the edge of the room. The Sun was about 2.4 inches in diameter at the other end of the room. And then I had a little crawler that crawls along the floor from the Sun model at the scale speed of light. And, you know, you can say, "Okay, it takes 83 minutes for light to get out there." But when you're watching it go, when you're watching this little FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 14 battery-powered crawler moves at the scale speed of light, it really hits you that that's a long, long way. So by the time we finished walking around and discussing all the planets and their moons and things, the hour was up and the little speed of light indicator had only gotten half way out to the Saturn model. Voyager, in this view, if we look at D as our solar system, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 which we're still communicating with regularly are way out there in our pass that outer disc. They're in the extreme far reaches of the solar system and a signal at light speed to Voyager 1 these days takes 25 hours and change to get out to Voyager and back to the results. So it's over 12-1/2 hour is one way, light time to where Voyager is. This Spitzer animation is available - I put a URL up there on Slide Number 4 if you would like to see this animating and rotating as a little movie. Now, of course the main motion from the proto-planetary disc is still with us, the primordial motion of rotation around the central star, we never got rid of, we're still living with that. And so as we fly through the interplanetary medium, that's what we are under the influence of. Slide 4 shows an actual image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, looking on to a star in the Torus region in the sky, about 450 light-years distant from the Sun. And we happen to be looking nearly edge on to the proto-planetary disc where the stars forming in the middle, the disc is still thick and appears to us as a dark band and above and below that dark band, you can see where the starlight is illuminating the rest of the debris but there is that dark opaque band where maybe planets are forming, maybe Kuiper Belts are forming, and there are a couple of jets and they say that - I'm not an expert in this but from what I've read, jets going out from the disc where gas and dust are falling in to FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 15 the embryonic star. The jets emanate and carry energy and matter out many, many light-years away from the star. Okay, I think if we go to Slide 6, here is the results. In our own solar system we have the central star that contains most of the mass from that cloud, 99.85% of the mass of that proto-planetary disc resulted in our central star and since it's so massive, it has gravitation that just dominates the whole solar system probably out to about a light-year where comets like bodies in the outer Oort cloud way and way out in the region near a light-year from here are moving so slowly that other stars can influence them. In fact over the eon as other stars pass the Oort cloud, they do disturb the orbits of bodies in the Oort cloud and as we know some of them fall in with perturbed orbits towards the Sun. So, mass and gravitation, Page 7, we have that primordial preexisting dominating motion and I put a picture of the carousel and there are horses on the carousel. If you use this analogy, if you're riding on a horse on the carousel, you can wave your arms and you might even be brave enough to get up off of the horse and move around to different horses, but overall, you've got that primordial dominating motion going around the center. So, even though we send spacecraft out around the different planets, we still deal with that primordial motion, everything is basically orbiting the Sun. If you want it into the Sun, it would take a great deal of energy to lose part of motion. Okay, am I going to fast for people to chime in with any questions or comments? Jane Houston-Jones: You are going fine, Dave. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 16 Dave Doody: On Slide 8, I've added to the results, of course, the radiation from the central star, the Sun, keeps light, ultraviolet, in fact throughout the whole spectrum from radio waves through infrared, which we feel as heat through light red through violet light, more energetic ultraviolet light. And then x-rays and gamma rays do come from the Sun but they're mostly confined to the flares that come as disturbances in the Sun's corona. Those are energetic in x-ray and gamma rays. So lots of radiation on Page 9 and there's more. The results of our proto- planetary disc having collapsed into a star on extensive magnetic field, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are still sensing the magnetic field out where they are. And the solar wind and the occasional mass ejections from the solar corona. Now the solar wind pours out - it was discovered in 1958, I believe, that the Sun pours out plasma that is protons and electrons, hydrogen atoms that are electrically charged. The electrons stripped off of a hydrogen atom and a few heavier atoms as well but mostly it's protons and electrons streaming up a million miles an hour in the equatorial region of the Sun. And you may recall that a couple of decades ago, the Ulysses mission went into orbit in the polar region - around that polar region of the Sun and measured the solar wind not only in the equatorial but - equatorial flame but also at the poles and Ulysses found that the solar wind approximately doubles its speed up near the pole, the north and south pole of the Sun. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 17 So, here's this immense wind constantly streaming out of the Sun. And there are occasional flares, storms probably caused when magnetic fields do funny things in the corona to cause mass ejections. Now, the large particles and bodies in our solar system, all to be Newton and Kepler as far as following their paths or orbits around the Sun. But these microscopic particles, protons and electrons, even some dust particles that are charged, they don't care about Newton and Kepler, they just follow the magnetic field lines of the Sun and also planets that they encounter. The - okay, let's look at the next slide - Page 10. This is the movie that I invite you to have a look at in real-time. It doesn't play within the PowerPoint show, but I did include the SOHO URL there. It's a long complicated URL, but well worth it, I believe, as you wanted to copy and paste into a Web browser. And you have probably seen me as before anyway if you're as interested as I am in the solar system. The SOHO spacecraft - SOHO stands for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. Since out at the L2 point, the Lagrange point where it's in a stable position between the Earth and Sun, it's very close to the Earth, but at the point where the Sun's gravitation balance is balanced by the Earth's gravitation and so SOHO just sits there staring at the Sun. And this one instrument, LASCO, I forget what LASCO stands, for has an occulting disc that's in - and it's visible in the image on Page 10 as the dark blue circle in the center of the image, and you see a dark strut going from the center down to the lower left in this image, that's the strut that holds the occulting disc in front of the Sun. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 18 So it's as though you're above the atmosphere - well, you are above the atmosphere; that's as though you're watching a constant solar eclipse, watching the corona, stream polar wind particles and mass ejections outward from the Sun. If you have the movie available, please go ahead and run it now. The white circle in the center represents about the diameter of the visible Sun and then you can see where the disc has blocked the glare of the Sun. But if you run the movie, you'll see the evidence of the solar wind streaming out, you'll see flares, coronal mass ejections coming off of the Sun once in a while. This was taken, these series of images into a movie, was taken in 2001 near the maximum of our solar activity period. About three seconds into the movie, you see a bunch of streaks snow in the image. And that's where protons hit the camera or the imaging device, the CCD in the camera. And it causes little white - short little white streaks as though you're suddenly in a blizzard for a couple of seconds. These coronal mass ejections, large ones, can eject a billion tons of matter at several millions miles an hour out from the Sun. So, when you're flying in interplanetary space, you must have a spacecraft that will not be ruined by getting run into by a billion tons of coronal mass ejections, several million miles an hour. And, of course, if you're a human traveling that distance out in interplanetary space, you want to plan your flight to minimize your chances of getting any exposure to CME's coronal mass ejections. Okay, let's go to Page 11 where we show a cartoon of the Sun sending a coronal mass ejection up towards the Earth. Fortunately, the Earth has its own magnetic field that is strong enough to divert these charged particles away FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 19 from direct impact with the Earth and if that were not the case, if the Earth did not have a magnetic field, life, if any, would be very different on the Earth today. But the magnetic field sets up a barrier and reach the particles around. Some of the particles of course as you know fall in through the magnetic field lines into the North and South Polar regions of the Earth and other planets as well producing Aurora. I've never seen an Aurora myself but of course I've seen pictures and Aurora are caused when electrons and sometimes protons are diverted down the magnetic field lines and where they impact molecules of air, they cause them to glow. Mercury and Venus have no magnetic field to speak off, no planetary magnetic field like the Earth does. Mars does not have a planetary magnetic field, does have patches on the surface that indicate there may have been a magnetic field - a planetary magnetic field in the past but Mars is only have this fragmented magnetic - local magnetic field. Jupiter, Saturn, all the Jovian planets, of course have strong magnetic fields and we can see Aurora on them as well especially if we look at these planets in the ultraviolet. Now, when a coronal mass ejection hits the Earth, the Earth's magnetic field, it causes it to fluctuate and that can wreak havoc with the electric grid even pipe lines down here on Earth. Let's look at Page 12. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 20 Man: Can I ask a question. This is Ken. Dave Doody: Yes, you can. Man: I would like to - it's a beautiful shot but what I'd like to know is New Horizons is the first space craft that's going to actually travel through one of these magneto tails, how is it that the Voyager spacecraft didn't? I guess it's trajectory but I wonder if you could talk a little bit about that. Dave Doody: Oh, gee, you know, I wasn't aware of that. Man: Yeah, that's a big point they're making. Dave Doody: New Horizons will be flying through the magneto tail of what, Jupiter? Man: Jupiter, on this flight and it's coming up in a month. Dave Doody: Oh, fortunate. Man: Yes, and it extends, you know, all the way out to Saturn and I'm just curious why the Voyagers for example did not pass through the magneto tails of any of these… Dave Doody: Yeah, but the Voyagers didn't because they were targeted only to fly their gravity-assist trajectories and that held them right in the ecliptic and got to a point and along trajectories that just didn't happen to follow the field. However, when Cassini past Saturn, we spent quite a bit of time going in and out of the magnetic field because as Saturn, when it passed by Jupiter. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 21 Man: Jupiter, right. Dave Doody: Yeah, passed by Jupiter on its way to Saturn, it dipped in and out of the magnetic field of Jupiter while at the same time Galileo was orbiting deep within the magnetic field. So that gave for days or maybe several days or a week, I'm not sure what it was, Cassini did fly along in the boundary of Jupiter but then of course Cassini's trajectory wasn't designed to do that so it dropped off part of its opportunistic investigation. So New Horizons will spend more time in Jupiter's magnetic field; that'll be exciting for scientists who study magnetic fields. The - okay, the next slide on Page 12, it's not a very good image I apologize but what we're looking at is Ed Stone's sink. Ed Stone is the Voyager project scientist. He's been the Voyager project scientist for many, many years since before launch of Voyager and I guess he must be the happiest scientist in the world by now. But he studies magnetic fields among other things and the solar wind and this view of his sink shows where water is coming down from an unseen faucet above and after the left of the image, hitting the sink and spreading out. You know how a stream of water will hit a surface in a sink and then stream outward but then it piles up and you can see where the water is piling up here in this image. Well, this is analogies and Ed Stone uses this as an analogy to the solar wind; all those particles eventually slow down and bunch up and they go subsonic at some point out there and it turns out that the point is like where Voyager 1 is; in fact Voyager 1 is well beyond it now. Voyager 2 will be approaching this termination shock as it's called very soon probably within the year and should repeat the experience that Voyager 1 did. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 22 So Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 coming up investigating the region here where the solar wind goes subsonic and bunches up and then pretty soon beyond there and we don't know how far yet is where the Sun's magnetic field ends and yields to the interstellar magnetic influences. Now, there's an animation of this and I have the URL there in the Basics tutorial where it merges into a view of animation that represents the solar wind. So everything has that primordial motion orbiting Sun, under of the proto-planetary disc and now the solar system. Page 13, let's take a quick look at orbits. This is - a cartoon on Page 13 illustrates Isaac Newton's thought experiment that if Earth had a ridiculously high mountain which should cannot and you put a cannon put at the top of the mountain and fire the cannon, well, of course the cannon ball would hit the Earth that it would follow an arc. And then his thought experiment goes add more energy to the cannon and the cannon ball will go further before it hits the Earth. And if you add still more energy you can get your cannon ball to miss he Earth entirely. Well, this thought experiment and the cartoon lends itself pretty well to defining terms for orbits about Earth or obits about the Sun or about anybody. Let's see, Page 14 we have the term Apoapsis and we call that mountain mount Apoapsis where Apo is - I guess it's from the great means the farthest point in an orbit and imagine while you're at the high point in your orbit adding more energy. Well that takes you - let's look at Slide 15 and if you're Power Point show is running this should show an animation and you'll see that cannon ball missing FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 23 the Earth and going all the way around the Earth. Well, that completes Newton's thought experiment. But it also gives us the chance to look at the word Periapsis, Apoapsis is the high point of an orbit Periapsis is the low point of an orbit. And I left out the intermediate stage where the cannon ball goes halfway around the Earth and then impacts and then you can imagine packing more energy into your cannon to lift that Periapsis altitude up so that it misses the Earth entirely. Okay, on Page 16 the animation should still be running and showing Apoapsis and Periapsis but to summary them this is really a key to interplanetary flight, as well as orbital flight around the Earth. You added energy up there at Apoapsis and the effect was to increase the altitude at Periapsis and so your cannon ball no longer hit the ground. Well, on Page 17 the animation doesn't show this but the notes, the opposite is also true and you can imagine that as your cannon ball is flying past Periapsis, its closest approach, if you were to have energy added say your cannon ball or space craft had a rocket engine where you could momentarily add some energy, just a burst of energy tangent to your orbital direction you could increase the altitude of Apoapsis and avoid hitting that annoying mountain as you come around and that's basically how you fly planets through - fly a spacecraft among the planets in our solar system. On Page 18 I blocked out the cartoon of the Earth with a cartoon of the Sun illustrating that anything that orbits the Sun also has an Apoapsis and a Periapsis; orbits are not exactly circular except in rare cases, they're all ellipsis. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 24 And on Page 19 then extrapolate that to a flight from Mars to Earth and I'm not going to get into all the details because Nav [Navigation team] is going to have one of these talk on. But if you notice the blue circle representing the orbit of Earth around the Sun and here the objects are going back around the other way, reversed from the previous cartoons and there's no animation here this is just a still. You imagine a red orbit saying, "Okay, this is the orbit that I would like to fly to get up to another planet, say, Mars." So you realize that here on Earth you are already a Periapsis of the intended orbit and say you just add a burst of energy and that raises Apoapsis just like we saw in the previous slide. And if you raise it enough, had enough energy you get your Apoapsis out to coincide with the orbit of Mars for example and if Mars happens to be there when your spacecraft gets there then you can do stuff like slow down, get into orbit or land there. So that red part though is called a transfer orbit and I'm going to briefly touch on Page 20 that orbit is called a Hohmann transfer and I think believe that as it is and not to dwell on this. Let's go to Page 21. Well, you don't need to use fuel to change your orbit. Astronomers have known for a long time that comets traveling through the solar system have their orbits changed when they fly by a planet, for example Jupiter. Spacecraft can do the same thing, this was proven in 1961 by a grad student here at JPL; did all the computer runs to show that barely a Voyager could use not just the gravity but the orbital momentum from the planets Jupiter, Saturn FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 25 and Uranus to fly without any increase in propellant cost just about anywhere in the solar system. The simulator is a gadget that I produced under a grant from the Art Center College. On the Basic Space Flight Web site there are instructions on how you can produce a crude version of one of these and sometime in the near future I promise this year we'll have detailed instructions on making a better simulator but it really drive's home how the gravity assist works. Let me spend a minute on the image on Page 21. In the middle is an orange ball that represents the Sun and that sits on a heavy wheel that's made of granite and on the wheel you can see on the left - upper left part of the wheel is a little circular magnet that's painted to look like Jupiter and do you have a mechanism that launches a steal-bearing ball up across a glass surface. And you get this Jupiter wheel turning so that you can simulate the mass, the momentum of Jupiter going around the Sun and it's true that the Sun has most of the mass of the solar system but the planets, Jupiter mostly, has all of the angular momentum in the solar system. I believe Jupiter and Saturn together contain about 90% of the angular momentum from that proto-planetary disc; the Sun only has a small 2% or so leftover. So gravity assist uses the momentum - a huge store house of momentum by flying by, say, Jupiter at a close enough distance so that you get Jupiter's gravity to connect like an elastic connection just briefly and you actually slow FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 26 down Jupiter a little bit with your spacecraft just as when you fly a bearing ball pass the rotating Jupiter magnet on the simulator toy. You store down the rotation of the massive wheel and that gives you a kick your BB gets flung out across the solar system and if you're good enough at it, you can hit the Saturn target out on the simulator. And in the same way Jupiter loses momentum to give your spacecraft a boost. Yes, question? Jane Houston-Jones: I guess not. Dave Doody: Okay. Okay and then the simulator drives home the point that you don't notice the momentum loss in the mass of wheel just as you don't notice the momentum loss of Jupiter when you use that momentum to boost your spacecraft. Page 22 shows the URL for a movie where Jane is demonstrating this thing; I'll leave that for you to browse if you like. Page 23, well, maybe the most important result of the proto-planetary disc is on Page 24, planets, where we live, and stuff, moons and planets, comets, asteroids. If I were to pick a few of the moons of the planets to really study, I would pick Jupiter's Io, which is volcanic. Jupiter's Europa, which has a thin ice shell and a warm salt water ocean. Saturn's Titan, of course, has a thick atmosphere, thicker than Earth's and processes that are very similar to Earth's hydrologic cycle. There are methane rains on Titan; this has been the subject of previous telecons as well and FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 27 Enceladus, Enceladus that Saturn has constantly erupting geysers of water, water particles may or may not have come from liquid water on tiny little moon, Enceladus, it's a real surprise. Page 25 is a nice back-lit image of Saturn where we realized that Saturn also has a disc of rotating material that you can use to study things like proto-planetary discs, galaxies as well as other ring systems. And of course every particle and in Saturn's ring is a separate satellite orbiting the planet interacting of course with one another and this back-lit image was a subject of the previous talk on I'm not going to get too much in detail but if you look at Page 26 I do have a lot of detail available. This is a draft that's online on the Basics tutorial Web site, jpl.nasa.gov/basics. If you go to slant Saturn after Basics, you'll see the page that I'm working on an it's not released yet, I don't have it linked in to the rest of the Basics tutorial yet. I'll do that after I'd have enough peer review and corrected some wording here and there but it's there if you'd like to browse it. The idea is that you go to that site and then you click on the image; it's halfway down the page on that Web site. And if you're using the right kind of Web browser it will let you see the whole image and you'll have to scroll left and right and up and down to fly around in the Saturn system as it were and read of the notes and the notes point out all the various different effects of light and dark shadow and forward scatter and back scatter, all these no back scatter here in this - yes, there is. But I invite you to have a look and send me comments too if you like; I'm working on this. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 28 There's also on that page Basics slant Saturn a very large image of Saturn and the rings taken in forward scattered light, the normal viewing angles and you can use your browser to fly around and look at all the different annotations. Let's look at Page 27. There is also a link from that Basics slant Saturn site and experiment showing the difference between back scattered light and forward scattered light where the particles that you're looking at are close to the size of the wavelength of light. This is true at Saturn particularly in the E ring, the F ring and also within the Cassini division. So when you're looking at particles on the order of a micron, 1 to 10 microns, say, in back scattered light; that is you are the observer on the same side and the source of illumination and to show that in this image on the left, back scatter, I've got a laser in my hand in the same side as the camera shining a light through cloudy water and on the right, the laser is behind the cloudy water shining towards the camera and you can see that the cloudiness in the water which is about 1 micron sized particles lights up like crazy and that's analogies to how you're looking at the sunlight illuminating the tiny particles in Saturn system and this applies throughout observations in the solar system. I used a few drops of homogenized milk in a jar of water since the globules of homogenized milk are about a micron in size. Page 28. Jane Houston-Jones: Hey, Dave this is Jane. Before you go on to Page 28 I just wanted to mention to people who go to this page and go to Dave's images of the forward and back scatter. He has a link to the educational activity that you all can do in you classrooms or your museums or your event, recreating this activity so the link to that activity is on that page. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 29 Dave Doody: Well, good thanks. Well, Page 28. My telescope is a 19-inch aperture, 7-3/4 inches; it's Cassegrain and it has a 1 mega-pixel CCD but it's in orbited Saturn. This is the narrow angel camera on the Cassini spacecraft, these pretty close ups. The CCD charged couple devise, you probably have your own if you're an amateur astronomer, it's only 1 mega-pixel, 1,000 by 1,000 pixels; not very impressive by Earth standard. Page 29 shows the wide angel camera specs. Of course Cassini and many other spacecraft replete with instruments like this telescope that view in divisible and plus and minus a little bit and also instruments that view ultraviolet infrared and far beyond so this is just a tiny sample. And all those other instruments as well are described on the Basic's Web site. Page 30 is a crude illustration by analogy of how a CCD works. If you were to picture a million aluminum cans with their tops open, all bunched together tightly, you would have an analogy of a 1 mega-pixel CCD and then picture it's raining over these aluminum cans and then you have some way after the rainstorm of checking each of the cans for their content and measuring how much water collected in each of the cans. Well, the CCD uses tiny little solar cells, if you will, all bunched together, a million of them on a chip in Cassini's case that collects photons. In fact, it can register a single photon, CCD is pretty sensitive and so if CCD then is charged a couple device. It's a means for gathering and counting how many photons have hit your detector. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 30 I'm going to cruise on up to Page 31. If you go to the Basic's Web site slant Cassini, you will see an image of Cassini with all of the instruments and major components called out and if you click on the names, it'll bring up a page that explains and gives specs for each of the instruments. Moving right along on Page 32. If you're using the PowerPoint show you should see this animated and it's a sine wave that represents the radio wave coming back from a distant spacecraft. The radio wave has the trace of a sine wave showing where the strength of the field increases and decreases and increases and decreases. In the case of, say, a Voyager that's happening at the rate of about 200,000, 3000,000 - million times a second, two or three gigahertz on Cassini. It's in the neighborhood of 8,000 megahertz. And in the animation I have the wave seem to flash forward and back every once in awhile. If you're not seeing the animation of the picture, if this standing wave in front of you were to jiggle 20% of the picture size up to the right and then quickly jiggle back and that happens every once in a while. Well, that's how we send data from a spacecraft to the Earth in Telemetry and Command. There are other forms of data, tracking data which the navigators' presentation were probably addressed later in the up coming telecon but this for telemetry that is sending data back from the spacecraft tele-meter measuring at a distance how is - how you send its 1s and 0s once you've broken down your image or other science data into 1s and 0s, you then stream them back to Earth. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 31 And the symbols we use are jiggles in the phase of the wave; pretty much like you see in the animation on this slide and it takes a number of jiggles to be recognized as a bit, a binary digit, a 1 or a 0. In the case of Cassini, the coding that we're using now, it takes six of those little face wiggles to equate to 1 bit and the same scheme was used - while Voyager, I mentioned, uses it and Voyager way out of the edge of the solar system can still communicate at the rate of 1400 bits, 1s or 0s per second. Spitzer Space Telescope nearer to Earth with great big antennas can communicate up to 2.2 million bits per second. And Cassini when w have the large aperture antennas scheduled on Earth, we use a (165,901) bits per second, about 166K and to get that rate, the phase of the - the radio signal has to wiggle about 10 million times per second. Page 33 mentions our friends, the Deep Space Network, apertures on the order of 70 meters in diameter, 34 meters in diameter, located at three different places around the Earth, the GoldStone Complex in California, the Madrid Complex in Spain, and the Canberra Complex in Australia. So as the Earth turns, any one of those complexes can see any given spacecraft. The latest Deep Space Network antennas are a neat design where they've got all the equipment down on the basement and they use a system of mirrors and pipes to get the signal up and down between the big reflector antenna and the equipment on the basement. Then on Page 34 if you feel the need to spend a couple of rainy days cutting and glowing and pasting, you can download all the parts for free on the Internet; that's jpl.nasa.gov/scalemodels and build the Deep Space Network FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 32 antenna and see exactly how it articulates and moves the signal from the antenna to the basement. Please check back with the Basics, look in on it every once in awhile. I'm upgrading it in the order of once a month and if you go to the editorial page, it'll show what chapters have been upgraded and by all means send me your questions. My email address in on Page 35 with which I'll say, thanks a lot for joining us it's been a pleasure and we still have time for anymore discussion I think. Jane Houston-Jones: Thanks a lot, Dave. So the great thing about Dave's talk here is that all the URLs and everything is right here so that you can, at your leisure go in them, go in-depth and visit some of these pages and some of these movies. Does anybody have any questions? (Ken Kramer): Yes, I have a question. This is Ken Kramer. So I just want to understand your entire syllabus then pretty much is at this Web site? Dave Doody: Yes, that's right. (Ken Kramer): Oh, excellent; that's all I wanted to know. Dave Doody: And it's got a lot of links. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 33 (Ken Kramer): Uh-huh. Very good. So we can look at that and learn and - excellent, thank you. Dave Doody: And comment please. (Ken Kramer): And comment. Yeah, I definitely am going to comment on your Saturn annotated slide there. Why did you guys actually put… Jane Houston-Jones: Could the speaker give his name please? Ken (Kramer): Yes, Ken Kramer. Jane Houston-Jones: Oh, sorry. Sorry I didn't recognize you, Ken (Ken Kramer): Yeah sure. Yes, in the picture on Slide 26 why have you guys put Saturn in forward scattered light there? Dave Doody: Page 26. (Ken Kramer): Right. Saturn is actually in laid in the - amongst of the rings. Dave Doody: Oh, good I'll take that as a comment and adjust the wording. Very good. Yeah, what we're seeing is the forward scattering around the edge of the atmosphere to the right. (Ken Kramer): Okay. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 34 Dave Doody: The rings are shown in forward scattered definitely. Good thanks for that. (Kevin Cosby): Yeah, it's (Kevin Cosby). I got a question about the Enceladus. Dave Doody: Uh-huh. (Kevin Cosby): Are you guessing on that or do you know that that could be a salt water ocean underneath? Dave Doody: Oh, Europa. That's… (Kevin Cosby): Oh, I'm sorry yes, Europa. Dave Doody: Yeah at Jupiter. Galileo studied Europa in-depth. There's still a lot of interests to the possibility of sending a Europa orbiter to learn for sure. But in the studies of Europa's gravity, Europa's magnetic field, it does indicate that there's something creating a magnetic field and the likely candidate is salt water, currents flowing through salt water and the density and size measurements all strongly suggest that there is a liquid water, salt water ocean. Now, you'll never be sure until you bore through the ice and dip your toes in it. (Kevin Cosby): That's right. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 35 Dave Doody: But it's a very, very strong several lines on evidence and not only Europa but also Ganymede and Callisto have strong indications of sub-surface water. (Kevin Cosby): Okay. Thank you I didn't know that. Less though with those ones, right? Dave Doody: Yes. (Kevin Cosby): I have a quick question for Jane. Jane Houston-Jones: Sure. (Kevin): You mentioned the - oh, your email, I wonder if you could send us your email because I don't think it was included; if that's possible. Jane Houston-Jones: It's everywhere all over the Saturn Observation campaign Web site. (Kevin Cosby): Okay. Jane Houston-Jones: But I'll send it to you; I think most people already have it and I'm just filling in for the CHARM talk this month. (Kevin Cosby): Okay. I want to ask about the Saturn Observation campaign. Dave Doody: That's a good question. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 36 Jane Houston-Jones: It's a great question. Okay, well these talks are brought to you each month by the Cassini Mission to Saturn and from our science - our science project team is actually sort of the sponsor of these talks. And the Saturn Observation campaign is - you're a member of the Solar System Ambassadors? (Kevin Cosby): Yes. Jane Houston-Jones: It's similar to the Solar System Ambassadors except that it's open to international participation and it's just sponsored by the Cassini Mission. (Kevin Cosby): Okay. Jane Houston-Jones: So what we do in the Saturn Observation campaign is encourage amateur and professional astronomers and non-astronomers such as librarians or teachers or others who have an interest in observing Saturn to do that to show the planet Saturn through their own telescopes or a telescope of a local club to their communities and just like you, Solar System Ambassadors, report your events to Kay, these members of the Saturn Observation campaign report their events to the Cassini Mission. There's about 50 members of the Solar System Ambassadors who are currently members of the Saturn Observation campaign; in fact that's the model of the ambassadors was what was used about four years ago to start the Saturn Observation campaign. So it's very similar, it's a little less formal. We don't have the same amount of like the ethics training and some of the - we'll have badges or T-shirts or so forth like the Saturn - like that Ambassadors do. FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 37 But what we do is we all love Saturn and are wowed by the Cassini Mission and we go out and do talks about Cassini and about for viewing Saturn. And to find out more information about it you can just go to the main Cassini Web site and there's a link right on there to the Saturn Observation campaign. And what I'll do when Kay gets back from Egypt is I'll send out an email to all of the Solar System Ambassadors talking about it because I have some really nice pages that people can use to find Saturn and have a lot of resources. (Kevin Cosby): Yeah, I'd like to definitely sign-up for this. I do a lot of Saturn events and I wasn't aware of this. Jane Houston-Jones: Yeah, I'll be happy to send you some information about it. (Kevin Cosby): Great. You got - you must have my email. Jane Houston-Jones: I'll send it to all the Solar System Ambassadors. (Kevin Cosby): Okay, very good. Thank you. Jane Houston-Jones: Thanks for that great question. (Kevin Cosby): Okay. Jane Houston-Jones: That's the way to say, "And now a word from our sponsor, the Cassini Mission." FTS-NASA-VOICE Moderator: Trina Ray 01-30-07/1:00 pm CT Confirmation # 2664287 Page 38 So with that, does anybody else have any questions? And if not, I think we can end the talk. For those of you who want more information about the Cassini Mission you know the URL it's saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and I think with that I'll thank Dave very much for his talk and say goodbye. Dave Doody: Thanks for participating. Jane Houston-Jones: Yeah, thanks everybody. Man: Bye-bye. Man: Thanks, Jane. Jane Houston-Jones: Okay. Bye-bye. Man: Thank you, excellent. END
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Dino's Tower Service
Located in North Florida, specializing in tower installations, antenna assembly, and wire antennas. Experience includes a variety of antennas and towers from Rohn 25 up to Rohn 65 and rotating tower systems (KOXG).
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While Dunn is unlikely to ever experience life again as a free man, neither Martin nor Davis will experience life at all beyond their 17th year of existence simply because someone else decided that they were justified in using their gun to 'defend' themselves.
As we all know, the "Stand Your Ground" law in Florida came under a fair amount of national scrutiny during the Trayvon Martin case. Sadly that's not ...
Inspired by Gandhi's success with non-violence and passive resistance in India's struggles, we know that Martin Luther King Jr. became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement by encouraging passive resistance. But these were violent times, the type of violence that is hard to imagine in 2014.
Many will argue that because George Zimmerman was in fact acquitted by a jury of his peers, he should no longer be looked upon as a murderer. However,...
I wonder if white America as a whole will ever be able to empathize with present-day struggle. Looking back with sympathy and indignation is easier than looking around, isn't it? I just wonder what are we looking toward.
It's amazing how a little sunlight will change the behavior of some of the biggest names in corporate America -- sunlight here meaning greater transparency and accountability.
It's a busy time for APSCU, the trade association of America's for-profit colleges. The group spends its time trying to block reasonable measures to hold the worst actors in its industry responsible for their systematic abuses of students and taxpayers.
Voters have a right to know where the allegiance of their lawmakers' lies. They should be asking if their elected representatives have sworn to serve ALEC first. And if so, those should be the first to go.
ALEC's budget hole from the exodus of corporate members has inspired a campaign to win corporate members back to the exclusive club, calling it the biblically-inspired "Prodigal Son Project."
Whether the crime happens in California or Florida, a person convicted of domestic violence loses their gun for life. If Zimmerman is convicted domestic violence, he will finally lose his guns. And lives may be saved as a result.
I hope, as we remember a young President, that we will renew our commitment to building with urgency and persistence a just America where every child is valued and enabled to achieve their God given potential regardless of the lottery of birth.
While accidents are commonplace, many can have legal consequences. Spilling hot coffee, slipping and falling, and the often-occurring automobile "fender bender" may cause injury to people and property and result in lawsuits seeking monetary damages. But some accidents are far more serious.
The right to freedom of movement without the danger of undue harm is a fundamental right that's enshrined in constitutional law and public policy. It's inviolate. The courts have repeatedly upheld a citizen's right to freedom of access and movement in public places.
Racism and sexism are very sensitive matters that include a history and heritage that neither should be forgotten or reclaimed. By trying to reshape these problems, you are in essence selfishly attempting to liberate yourself by disgracing the very people who actually experience it.
Where is the public voice of the black church -- the church that provided stops along the Underground Railroad, founded several black colleges and shaped the faith of a young Martin Luther King, Jr., Fannie Lou Hamer and so many others?


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If you are thinking of Valentine's Day and what to give to that special someone close to your heart, think Lathrop High School FFA.
Doctors Hospital of Manteca offered a three-hour presentation on the different aspects of the medical facility's operation to students from Give Every Child a Chance earlier this week.
Supporters of Weston Ranch High School principal Jose Fregoso nearly filled the room during the Manteca Unified Board of Trustees meeting Tuesday night. There were some detractors too, but they were outnumbered by the former.
The incensed mother of the child who is at the center of the investigation in connection with Manteca Unified special education teacher Leo Benet-Cauchon is talking about filing a lawsuit against the school district if the situation that is "threatening my son's well being is not resolved quickly."
Leo Benet-Cauchon, a Manteca Unified special education teacher, has been suspended with pay while an investigation is ongoing for allegations of "inappropriate relations to students."
REDDING -Janeen Viss of Ripon graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's degree from Simpson University.
Francisco Ceja of Manteca has been named to the fall 2014 Dean's List at Texas State University.
Alexander Bronson's vision for the Manteca Unified School District can be summed up in four words: Shoot for the stratosphere.
East Union High School will go the way of the other secondary campuses in Manteca Unified by implementing block scheduling if the Board of Trustees at their meeting tonight gives its blessing.
"When speaking for the District, the Board encourages its spokesperson to exercise restraint and tact and to communicate the message in a manner that promotes public confidence in the Board's leadership."
Retired San Joaquin County Superintendent of Schools Mick Founts and Delta Charter Schools Superintendent Jeff Tilton have co-founded a charter school, one of three charter school petitions the New Jerusalem Elementary School District (NJESD) Board of Trustees approved this week.
Nate Krebbs and Josh Lee looked every bit the part of California High Patrol officers during a felony traffic stop exercise on Friday.
The word recall was mentioned at a recent meeting of the Manteca Unified Board of Trustees by a speaker in the audience during public comments.
An administrator at a high school in the Manteca Unified School District will remain in his position following a Board of Trustees vote in closed session on Tuesday.
As a Weston Ranch parent Alison Ordner was stunned when she believed was slandered, threatened and cyber-bullied when she tried to raise a concern.
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"Summer" vacation for 600 plus Manteca Unified students starts in mid-December and ends in mid-March.
The season for Pomp and Circumstance at Manteca Unified School District will kick off on Thursday, May 21.
Thunderous cheers filled the air Friday noon as Nile Garden School seventh grade students opened their 20th Celtic Faire in the school's courtyard with the blessing of their history teacher "King Lewis" after he was pulled into the heart of the activities by a pair of bards.
Douglas and Antoinette Carraway experienced racism at Walter Woodward Elementary School.
There were plenty of things said during the discussion about whether Manteca Unified School Board Trustee Sam Fant should face censure for his behavior surrounding a set of personal Facebook pictures of a district employee that took the air out of the room Thursday night.
Filling the seat vacated by Alexander Bronson could be the first time area-only elections are conducted in the Manteca Unified School District.
Both of the Manteca Unified school board members who were charged last month with a host of felonies stemming from a voter fraud inquiry into registering to vote to run for trustee positions they were not legally entitled were notified days in advance by the San Joaquin County District Attorney's Office that the charges were coming.
This summer, Great Valley Writing Project at CSU Stanislaus will offer academic writing camps for K-12 students in Manteca, Ripon, and Tracy. Since 2005, these programs have been advertised as "GVWP Writing & Technology Workshops," but they recently changed their title to "Great Valley Writing Camps."
Facebook could be getting another Manteca Unified School District board member in trouble.
Claudette Alves chased her students through the bark, around the bars and up the flight of stairs that lead to the slides.
The San Joaquin AgFest Junior Show and Auction is scheduled next month.
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