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Seawater Air Conditioning for Downtown Engineering Project Manager
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Seawater Air Conditioning for Downtown Honolulu Scott Higa Engineering Project Manager Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning, LLC Abstract As a tropical island state, Hawaii has a year-round demand for air conditioning. Conventional air conditioning systems are energy intensive and represent close to 50 percent
Frandsen, Jannette B.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning engineering Sample Search...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
engineering Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning engineering...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning engineers Sample Search...
engineers Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning engineers...
Gas Powered Air Conditioning Absorption vs. Engine-Drive
It used to be that the only alternative to costly electric air conditioning was the double-effect gas-fired absorption chiller/heaters. Beginning in the 1980's, they were the "star" equipment promoted by gas companies throughout the nation. Although...
Phillips, J. N.
Performance and evaluation of gas engine driven rooftop air conditioning equipment at the Willow Grove (PA) Naval Air Station
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
In a field evaluation conducted for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) examined the performance of a new US energy-related technology under the FEMP Test Bed Demonstration Program. The technology was a 15-ton natural gas engine driven roof top air conditioning unit. Two such units were installed on a naval retail building to provide space conditioning to the building. Under the Test Bed Demonstration Program, private and public sector interests are focused to support the installation and evaluation of new US technologies in the federal sector. Participating in this effort under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with DOE were the American Gas Cooling Center, Philadelphia Electric Company, Thermo King Corporation, and the US Naval Air Station at Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Equipment operating and service data as well as building interior and exterior conditions were secured for the 1992 cooling season. Based on a computer assessment of the building using standard weather data, a comparison was made with the energy and operating costs associated with the previous space conditioning system. Based on performance during the 1992 cooling season and adjusted to a normal weather year, the technology will save the site $6,000/yr in purchased energy costs. An additional $9,000 in savings due to electricity demand ratchet charge reductions will also be realized. Detailed information on the technology, the installation, and the results of the technology test are provided to illustrate the advantages to the federal sector of using this technology. A history of the CRADA development process is also reported.
Armstrong, P.R.; Conover, D.R.
23.11.2014bo Akademi Univ -Thermal and Flow Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku 1/36 7. Air conditioning, cooling towers
23.11.2014�?bo Akademi Univ - Thermal and Flow Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku 1/36 7. Air conditioning, cooling towers Ron Zevenhoven �?bo Akademi University Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory Engineering Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku 2/36 7.1 Humid air #12;23.11.2014 �?bo Akademi Univ - Thermal and Flow
Zevenhoven, Ron
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning heat Sample Search Results
Engineering, Purdue University Collection: Engineering 30 ME 4321 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Elective) Catalog Description: ME 4321 Refrigeration and Air...
Performance and evaluation of gas-engine-driven rooftop air conditioning equipment at the Willow Grove Naval Air Station. Final report (revised October 21, 1996)
The performance was evaluated of a new US cooling technology that has been installed for the first time at a federal facility. The technology is a 15-ton natural gas-engine-driven rooftop air conditioning unit made by Thermo King. Two units were installed to serve the Navy Exchange at Willow Grove. The savings potential at Willow Grove is described and that in the federal sector estimated. Conditions for implementation are discussed. In summary, the new technology is generally cost-effective at sites where marginal electricity cost (per MBtu at the meter) is more than 4 times the marginal gas cost (per MBtu at the meter) and annual full-load-equivalent cooling hours exceed 2,000.
Armstrong, P.R.; Katipamula, S.
Gas -Fueled Engine-Driven Air Conditioning Systems for Commercial Buildings
satisfactorily in the laboratory and in a 450-bed hospital. The engine chiller has been redesigned to improve performance, increase capacity, and reduce the footprint, and is undergoing field tests at seven sites to verify performance and reliability....
Lindsay, B. B.
Performance and evaluation of gas engine driven rooftop air conditioning equipment at the Willow Grove (PA) Naval Air Station. Interim report, 1992 cooling season
Alternatives to Electric Air Conditioning Systems
, and exposed to a purge air stream to remove the moisture. The drier air eliminates the need for low evaporator temperatures, allowing the compressor to operate more efficiently, providing only sensible cooling. The synergy of the desiccant/engine chiller... during the summer, including solar gain and high ambient temperatures, the air conditioning system must also handle the heat generated by lighting, personnel, and office equipment. These internal loads dominate in large buildings, especially where...
Lindsay, B. B.; Koplow, M. D.
Air conditioning system
DOE Patents [OSTI]
An air conditioner comprises a plurality of plates arranged in a successively stacked configuration with portions thereof having a spaced apart arrangement, and defining between successive adjacent pairs of plates at the spaced apart portions a first and second series of discrete alternating passages wherein a first air stream is passed through the first series of passages and a second air stream is passed through the second series of passages; and said stacked configuration of plates forming integrally therewith a liquid delivery means for delivering from a source a sufficient quantity of a liquid to the inside surfaces of the first series of fluid passages in a manner which provides a continuous flow of the liquid from a first end to a second end of the plurality of plates while in contact with the first air stream.
Lowenstein, Andrew; Miller, Jeffrey; Gruendeman, Peter; DaSilva, Michael
Experimental and kinetic study of autoignition in methane/ethane/air and methane/propane/air mixtures under engine-relevant conditions
The ignition delay of homogeneous methane/air mixtures enriched with small fractions of ethane/propane was measured using the reflected-shock technique at temperatures from 900 to 1400 K and pressures from 16 to 40 bar. The results show complex effects of ethane/propane on the ignition of methane, but a common trend observed with both hydrocarbons is an increased promotion effect for temperatures below 1100 K. A detailed kinetic mechanism was used to investigate the interaction between ethane/propane and the ignition chemistry of methane under the above conditions. It was found that at relatively low temperatures, the reactions between ethane/propane and methylperoxy (CH{sub 3}O{sub 2}) lead to an enhanced rate of formation of OH radicals in the initiation phase of the ignition. By systematically applying the quasi-steady-state assumptions to the intermediate species involved in the main reaction path identified, we have achieved an analytical description of the ignition process in the transitional temperature regime. The analytical solutions agree reasonably well with the detailed kinetic model and the experimental results for both ignition delay and concentrations of major intermediate species.
Huang, J.; Bushe, W.K. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6950 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada V6T 1Z4)
High Energy Efficiency Air Conditioning
This project determined the performance of a new high efficiency refrigerant, Ikon B, in a residential air conditioner designed to use R-22. The refrigerant R-22, used in residential and small commercial air conditioners, is being phased out of production in developed countries beginning this year because of concerns regarding its ozone depletion potential. Although a replacement refrigerant, R-410A, is available, it operates at much higher pressure than R-22 and requires new equipment. R-22 air conditioners will continue to be in use for many years to come. Air conditioning is a large part of expensive summer peak power use in many parts of the U.S. Previous testing and computer simulations of Ikon B indicated that it would have 20 - 25% higher coefficient of performance (COP, the amount of cooling obtained per energy used) than R-22 in an air-cooled air conditioner. In this project, a typical new R-22 residential air conditioner was obtained, installed in a large environmental chamber, instrumented, and run both with its original charge of R-22 and then with Ikon B. In the environmental chamber, controlled temperature and humidity could be maintained to obtain repeatable and comparable energy use results. Tests with Ikon B included runs with and without a power controller, and an extended run for several months with subsequent analyses to check compatibility of Ikon B with the air conditioner materials and lubricant. Baseline energy use of the air conditioner with its original R-22 charge was measured at 90 deg F and 100 deg F. After changeover to Ikon B and a larger expansion orifice, energy use was measured at 90 deg F and 100 deg F. Ikon B proved to have about 19% higher COP at 90 deg F and about 26% higher COP at 100 deg F versus R-22. Ikon B had about 20% lower cooling capacity at 90 deg F and about 17% lower cooling capacity at 100 deg F versus R-22 in this system. All results over multiple runs were within 1% relative standard deviation (RSD). All of these values agree well with previous results and computer simulations of Ikon B performance versus R-22. The lower cooling capacity of Ikon B is not a concern unless a particular air conditioner is near its maximum cooling capacity in application. Typically, oversized A/C systems are installed by contractors to cover contingencies. In the extended run with Ikon B, which lasted about 4.5 months at 100 deg F ambient temperature and 68% compressor on time, the air conditioner performed well with no significant loss of energy efficiency. Post-run analysis of the refrigerant, compressor lubricant oil, compressor, compressor outlet tubing, and the filter/dryer showed minor effects but nothing that was considered significant. The project was very successful. All objectives were achieved, and the performance of Ikon B indicates that it can easily be retrofitted into R-22 air conditioners to give 15 - 20% energy savings and a 1 - 3 year payback of retrofit costs depending on location and use. Ikon B has the potential to be a successful commercial product.
Edward McCullough; Patrick Dhooge; Jonathan Nimitz
Lab Breakthrough: Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
highlighted in the video series. Addthis Related Articles National Renewable Energy Laboratory engineer Eric Kozubal examines a prototype air flow channel of the DEVAP, a...
A New Approach to Industrial Air Conditioning
-dryer Systems Division, has marketed industrial drying machinery. These heat reactivated dryers can handle latent loads in industrial air conditioning systems. Through waste heat conservation, air conditioning costs can be reduced 25 to 50%, with applications...
Gravenstreter, T.
E-Print Network 3.0 - automotive air-conditioning system Sample...
EGTE456 Fundamentals of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning ELEG420 Solar Electric Systems... CIEG351 Transportation Engineering MEEG425 Automotive Powertrain...
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systems play an important role in providing comfort in residential, commercial... of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Batterman S. and Burge H. 1995. "HVAC...
Optimization of Air Conditioning Cycling
on a 3-ton residential air conditioner are then presented to intuitively understand the effect of expansion valve and evaporator fan cycling in a real system. A real time optimization method is explored and the feasibility, recommendations for a...
Seshadri, Swarooph
Air Conditioning | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE: Alternative Fuels DataCombinedDepartment2015Services » Advanced ResearchBusinessAConditioning Air
The investigation of exhaust powered, automotive air cycle air conditioning
domestic automobiles and trucks because of its proven success. This system requires approximately 4 hp (2. 983 kW)[3] for operation snd employs a pressurized fluorinated hydrocarbon (R-12), hereafter fluorocarbon, as a refrigerant. Most of the research... extraction and avoid the use of a fluorocarbon refrigerant. The maJority of work involved with the new units has associated itself in the area of utilizing an absorption cycle or air cycle. The absorption air conditioning unit differs significantly from...
Holley, James Andrew
Air pollution kills. So what? Air quality engineering to improve public health
9/14/12 1 Air pollution kills. So what? Air quality engineering to improve public health;9/14/12 2 Air Quality Engineering H Air Quality Engineering H #12;9/14/12 3 Really? Air pollution running out of coffins and florists were running out of flowers. -- BBC #12;9/14/12 4 Air pollution
Levinson, David M.
Clearing the air with natural gas engines
This article examines the increased popularity of natural gas vehicles which has spurred engine designers to manipulate fuel-air ratios, compression ratios, ignition timing, and catalytic converters in ways to minimize exhaust pollutants. The topics of the article include reducing pollutants, high-octane engineering, diesel to natural gas, and the two-fuel choice.
O'Connor, L.
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Regulatory Burden RFI Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Regulatory Burden RFI These...
Alternative Refrigerants for Building Air Conditioning
The majority of building air conditioning has traditionally been achieved with vapor compression technology using CFC-I I or HCFC-22 as refrigerant fluids. CFC-11 is being successfully replaced by HCFC-123 (retrofit or new equipment) or by HFC- 134a...
Bivens, D. B.
Roswell International Air Center Airport (ROW) Pavement Condition and Analysis
Roswell International Air Center Airport (ROW) Pavement Condition and Analysis Submitted to: Jane M ................................................1. Conditions at Roswell International Air Center (ROW) 4 .................................Figure 1. Geographic Location of Roswell International Air Center (ROW) 4 ..............................Table 1
Cal, Mark P.
Fault Tolerant Oxygen Control of a Diesel Engine Air System
Fault Tolerant Oxygen Control of a Diesel Engine Air System Rainer Nitsche Matthias Bitzer control problem of a Diesel engine air system having a jammed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve of the air system. Keywords: Fault tolerant control, Diesel engine, Air system, Model-based trajectory
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Stirling engine with air working fluid
A Stirling engine capable of utilizing air as a working fluid which includes a compact heat exchange module which includes heating tube units, regenerator and cooler positioned about the combustion chamber. This arrangement has the purpose and effect of allowing the construction of an efficient, high-speed, high power-density engine without the use of difficult to seal light gases as working fluids.
Corey, John A. (North Troy, NY)
Corey, J. A.
Engine piston having an insulating air gap
A piston for an internal combustion engine has an upper crown with a top and a bottom surface, and a lower crown with a top and a bottom surface. The upper crown and the lower crown are fixedly attached to each other using welds, with the bottom surface of the upper crown and the top surface of the lower crown forming a mating surface. The piston also has at least one centrally located air gap formed on the mating surface. The air gap is sealed to prevent substantial airflow into or out of the air gap.
Jarrett, Mark Wayne (Washington, IL); Hunold,Brent Michael (Apex, NC)
Feedback air-fuel control system for Stirling engines
This patent describes improvement in combination with a Stirling engine having an air-fuel ratio control and an exhaust gas emission outlet. The improvement comprises an oxygen sensor in communication with the exhaust gas emission outlet for generating an output signal representative of the oxygen content in the outlet; a sensor signal conditioning unit for adapting the output signal to a conditioned input signal for a microprocessor; and a microprocessor controlled pilot for adjusting the air-fuel control in response to the control input signal.
Monahan, R.
In-Cab Air Quality of Trucks Air Conditioned and Kept in Electrified Truck Stop
At night, long-haul truck drivers rest inside the cabins of their vehicles. Therefore, the in-cab air quality while air conditioning (A/C) is being provided can be a great concern to the drivers health. The effect of using different A/C methods [truck's A/C, auxiliary power unit (APU), and truck stop electrification (TSE) unit] on in-cab air quality of a heavy-duty diesel vehicle was investigated at an electrified truck stop in the El Paso, Texas, area. The research team measured the in-cabin and the ambient air quality adjacent to the parked diesel truck as well as emissions from the truck and an APU while it was providing A/C. The measured results were compared and analyzed. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the TSE unit provided better in-cab air quality while supplying A/C. Furthermore, the truck and APU exhaust emissions were measured, and fuel consumption of the truck (while idling) and the APU (during operation) were compared. The results led to the finding that emissions from the APU were less than those from the truck's engine idling, but the APU consumed more fuel than the engine while providing A/C under given conditions.
Lee, Doh-Won [Texas Transportation Institute; Zietsman, Josias [Texas Transportation Institute; Farzaneh, Mohamadreza [Texas Transportation Institute; Li, Wen-Whai [University of Texas, El Paso; Olvera, Hector [University of Texas, El Paso; Storey, John Morse [ORNL; Kranendonk, Laura [ORNL
Seminar 14 - Desiccant Enhanced Air Conditioning: Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning (Presentation)
This presentation explains how liquid desiccant based coupled with an indirect evaporative cooler can efficiently produce cool, dry air, and how a liquid desiccant membrane air conditioner can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification without the carryover problems of previous generations of liquid desiccant systems. It provides an overview to a liquid desiccant DX air conditioner that can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification to high latent loads without the need for reheat, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems can outperform vapor compression based air conditioning systems in hot and humid climates, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems work, and describes a refrigerant free liquid desiccant based cooling system.
Kozubal, E.
Direct-Expansion Air-Conditioning System Performance in Low Humidity Applications: A Case Study
DIRECT-EXPANSION AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN LOW HUMIDITY APPLICATIONS: A CASE STUDY MUKESH K. KHATTAR, P.E. DENNIS KEEBAUGH, P.E. Senior Systems Engineer Senior Research Engineer Florida Solar Energy Center Shenandoah Solar Center... warehouse. The flat gravel roof is exposed to sun. The 16' ceiling is insulated with two inch spray foam. Entrance to the warehouse is through sealed and insulated doors located on the west partition wall. The air -conditioning sys tem on this leased...
Khattar, M. K.; Keebaugh, D.
Alternative non-CFC mobile air conditioning
Concern about the destruction of the global environment by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) fluids has become an impetus in the search for alternative, non-CFC refrigerants and cooling methods for mobile air conditioning (MAC). While some alternative refrigerants have been identified, they are not considered a lasting solution because of their high global warming potential, which could result in their eventual phaseout. In view of this dilemma, environmentally acceptable alternative cooling methods have become important. This report, therefore, is aimed mainly at the study of alternative automotive cooling methodologies, although it briefly discusses the current status of alternative refrigerants. The alternative MACs can be divided into work-actuated and heat-actuated systems. Work-actuated systems include conventional MAC, reversed Brayton air cycle, rotary vane compressor air cycle, Stirling cycle, thermoelectric (TE) cooling, etc. Heat-actuated MACs include metal hydride cooling, adsorption cooling, ejector cooling, absorption cycle, etc. While we are better experienced with some work-actuated cycle systems, heat-actuated cycle systems have a high potential for energy savings with possible waste heat applications. In this study, each altemative cooling method is discussed for its advantages and its limits.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C.; Kyle, D.M.
Influence of air conditioning management on heat island in Paris air street temperatures
Influence of air conditioning management on heat island in Paris air street temperatures Brice 2012 Available online 13 March 2012 Keywords: Air conditioning Heat island mitigation Urban heat island killer'', is exacerbated in urban areas owing to the heat island effect. Air conditioning (A/C) is a key
Ribes, Aurélien
cooling with the compressor). Yes No #12;STATE OF CALIFORNIA ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONING (ISAC) UNITS CECSTATE OF CALIFORNIA ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONING (ISAC) UNITS CEC-CF-6R-MECH-08 (Revised 08/09) CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE CF-6R-MECH-08 Ice Storage Air Conditioning (ISAC) Units
Solving an Air Conditioning System Problem using Constraint Satisfaction
Solving an Air Conditioning System Problem using Constraint Satisfaction Raphaël Chenouard1 An air conditioning system problem 1.1 Context The design process is a sequence of phases ranging from States (2007)" DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-74970-7_4 #12;In this paper, an air conditioning system (ACS
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Magnetic Refrigeration Technology for High Efficiency Air Conditioning
Magnetic refrigeration was investigated as an efficient, environmentally friendly, flexible alternative to conventional residential vapor compression central air conditioning systems. Finite element analysis (FEA) models of advanced geometry active magnetic regenerator (AMR) beds were developed to minimize bed size and thus magnet mass by optimizing geometry for fluid flow and heat transfer and other losses. Conventional and magnetocaloric material (MCM) regenerator fabrication and assembly techniques were developed and advanced geometry passive regenerators were built and tested. A subscale engineering prototype (SEP) magnetic air conditioner was designed, constructed and tested. A model of the AMR cycle, combined with knowledge from passive regenerator experiments and FEA results, was used to design the regenerator beds. A 1.5 Tesla permanent magnet assembly was designed using FEA and the bed structure and plenum design was extensively optimized using FEA. The SEP is a flexible magnetic refrigeration platform, with individually instrumented beds and high flow rate and high frequency capability, although the current advanced regenerator geometry beds do not meet performance expectations, probably due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances. A model of the AMR cycle was used to optimize the design of a 3 ton capacity magnetic air conditioner, and the system design was iterated to minimize external parasitic losses such as heat exchanger pressure drop and fan power. The manufacturing cost for the entire air conditioning system was estimated, and while the estimated SEER efficiency is high, the magnetic air conditioning system is not cost competitive as currently configured. The 3 ton study results indicate that there are other applications where magnetic refrigeration is anticipated to have cost advantages over conventional systems, especially applications where magnetic refrigeration, through the use of its aqueous heat transfer fluid, could eliminate intermediate heat exchangers or oil distribution issues found in traditional vapor compression systems.
Boeder, A; Zimm, C
Requirements for Determining Refrigerant Charge Residential Air Conditioning Measures
Requirements for Determining Refrigerant Charge Residential Air Conditioning Measures Improved Refrigerant Charge Purpose Component packages require in some climate zones that split system air refrigerant charge. For the performance method, the proposed design is modeled with less efficiency
Closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine
Method and apparatus are disclosed for providing a closed-loop air cooling system for a turbine engine. The method and apparatus provide for bleeding pressurized air from a gas turbine engine compressor for use in cooling the turbine components. The compressed air is cascaded through the various stages of the turbine. At each stage a portion of the compressed air is returned to the compressor where useful work is recovered.
North, William Edward (Winter Springs, FL)
Demonstration of Air-Power-Assist (APA) Engine Technology for...
Combustion and Direct Energy Recovery in Heavy Duty Application Demonstration of Air-Power-Assist (APA) Engine Technology for Clean Combustion and Direct Energy Recovery in...
Effects of operating conditions, compression ratio, and gasoline reformate on SI engine knock limits
A set of experiments was performed to investigate the effects of air-fuel ratio, inlet boost pressure, hydrogen rich fuel reformate, and compression ratio on engine knock behavior. For each condition the effect of spark ...
Gerty, Michael D
air conditioning technology: Topics by E-print Network
and Thermally Activated Technologies Improve Air Conditioning Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) invented a breakthrough technology moisture from the...
air conditioning technologies: Topics by E-print Network
air conditioning load: Topics by E-print Network
J.; Deying, L. 2006-01-01 2 Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response Computer Technologies and Information Sciences Websites Summary: 1...
air conditioning loads: Topics by E-print Network
Websites Summary: 1 Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response Wei Zhang, Member, IEEE Abstract--Demand response is playing an...
Identifying Efficiency Degrading Faults in Split Air Conditioning Systems
Studies estimate that as much as 50% of packaged air conditioning systems operate in faulty conditions that degrade system efficiency. Common faults include: under- and over-charged systems (too much or too little refrigerant), faulty expansions...
Terrill, T. J.; Brown, M. L.; Cheyne, R. W. Jr.; Cousins, A. J.; Daniels, B. P.; Erb, K. L.; Garcia, P. A.; Leutermann, M. J.; Nel, A. J.; Robert, C. L.; Widger, S. B.; Williams, A. G.; Rasmussen, B. P.
Research on Fuzzy Regulation Strategies in the Constant Air Volume Air Conditioning System
The energy consumption of the constant air volume (CAV) system largely depends on the regulation strategies. Although some air conditioning systems are equipped with automatic regulation devices, others lack effective regulation strategies. To avoid...
Bai, T.; Zhang, J.; Ning, N.; Tong, K.; Wu, Y.; Wang, H.
Direct Digital Control in Air Conditioning Systems for Energy Efficiency
the function and the level of the building, but also save energy. At present, air-conditioning design in internal commercial buildings is becoming more complex and enormous. The proportion of air conditioning systems in the whole building is getting larger...
Liu, W.; Ye, A.; Li, D.
Air conditioning system with supplemental ice storing and cooling capacity
The present air conditioning system with ice storing and cooling capacity can generate and store ice in its pipe assembly or in an ice storage tank particularly equipped for the system, depending on the type of the air conditioning system. The system is characterized in particular in that ice can be produced and stored in the air conditioning system whereby the time of supplying cooled air can be effectively extended with the merit that the operation cycle of the on and off of the compressor can be prolonged, extending the operation lifespan of the compressor in one aspect. In another aspect, ice production and storage in great amount can be performed in an off-peak period of the electrical power consumption and the stored ice can be utilized in the peak period of the power consumption so as to provide supplemental cooling capacity for the compressor of the air conditioning system whereby the shift of peak and off-peak power consumption can be effected with ease. The present air conditioning system can lower the installation expense for an ice-storing air conditioning system and can also be applied to an old conventional air conditioning system.
Weng, Kuo-Lianq (Taichung, TW); Weng, Kuo-Liang (Taichung, TW)
Understanding the Dehumidification Performance of Air-Conditioning Equipment at Part-Load Conditions
Air conditioner cooling coils typically provide both sensible cooling and moisture removal. Data from a limited number of field studies (Khattar et al. 1985; Henderson and Rengarajan 1996; Henderson 1998) have demonstrated that the moisture removal capacity of a cooling coil degrades at part-load conditions--especially when the supply fan operates continuously while the cooling coil cycles on and off. Degradation occurs because moisture that condenses on the coil surfaces during the cooling cycle evaporates back into air stream when the coil is off. This degradation affects the ability of cooling equipment to maintain proper indoor humidity levels and may negatively impact indoor air quality. This report summarizes the results of a comprehensive project to better understand and quantify the moisture removal (dehumidification) performance of cooling coils at part-load conditions. A review of the open literature was initially conducted to learn from previous research on this topic. Detailed performance measurements were then collected for eight cooling coils in a controlled laboratory setting to understand the impact of coil geometry and operating conditions on transient moisture condensation and evaporation by the coils. Measurements of cooling coil dehumidification performance and space humidity levels were also collected at seven field test sites. Finally, an existing engineering model to predict dehumidification performance degradation for single-stage cooling equipment at part-load conditions (Henderson and Rengarajan 1996) was enhanced to include a broader range of fan control strategies and an improved theoretical basis for modeling off-cycle moisture evaporation from cooling coils. The improved model was validated with the laboratory measurements, and this report provides guidance for users regarding proper model inputs. The model is suitable for use in computerized calculation procedures such as hourly or sub-hourly building energy simulation programs (e.g., DOE's EnergyPlus building energy simulation program, http://www.energyplus.gov ).
Don B. Shirey III; Hugh I. Henderson Jr; Richard A. Raustad
Importance of Design Conditions for Sizing Air-Conditioning Plant
. The proposed design conditions specific to the location and the application are drastically different than currently used single design conditions for all application and locations. Cooling load estimates fro two building located in Kuwait have been analyzed...
Shaban, N.; Maheshwari, G. P.; Suri, R. K.
Fuel-cell engine stream conditioning system
A stream conditioning system for a fuel cell gas management system or fuel cell engine. The stream conditioning system manages species potential in at least one fuel cell reactant stream. A species transfer device is located in the path of at least one reactant stream of a fuel cell's inlet or outlet, which transfer device conditions that stream to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell. The species transfer device incorporates an exchange media and a sorbent. The fuel cell gas management system can include a cathode loop with the stream conditioning system transferring latent and sensible heat from an exhaust stream to the cathode inlet stream of the fuel cell; an anode humidity retention system for maintaining the total enthalpy of the anode stream exiting the fuel cell related to the total enthalpy of the anode inlet stream; and a cooling water management system having segregated deionized water and cooling water loops interconnected by means of a brazed plate heat exchanger.
DuBose, Ronald Arthur (Marietta, GA)
Air-Conditioning Basics | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy UsageAUDITVehicles » Alternative FuelNewsWashington AutoYour Home Air Sealing
with artificially in duced valve burnthrough situations. The primary potential mon itoring measurements were engine performance. Further, during the expansion stroke at enginebuilder specific timing, to lift its seat and thereby provide scavenge (from scavenge air system) of the polluted air in the cylinder
Mosegaard, Klaus
Improving Glass Walls Thermal Resistance In Air-Conditioned Buildings
The solar radiation through an air conditioned building depends on what is called the building envelope. Building envelope consists of the surfaces that separate the inside from the building outdoors. Area, direction, and specifications of glass...
Galal, T.; Kulaib, A. M.; Alajmi, R.; Al-Ansary. A; Abuzaid, M.
Innovative Systems for Solar Air Conditioning of Buildings
for a high efficient utilization of solar thermal energy. To show the today's and near future potential innovative solar cooling and air conditioning systems are discussed which are well adapted to the utilization of solar energy. The system performance...
Kessling, W.; Peltzer, M.
Reducing Air-Conditioning System Energy Using a PMV Index
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China Maximize Comfort: Temperature, Humidity and IAQ Vol.I-4-1 Reducing Air-Conditioning System Energy Using a PMV Index Hui Li Qingfan Zhang Associate professor...
Li, H.; Zhang, Q.
. These slurries seems to be well appropriate for cold storage and transportation in the case of air- conditioning as secondary refrigerants. Concerning hydrates, they have been used as PCM for cold storage for years
Boyer, Edmond
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta:to design and operate underfloor air distribution (UFAD)DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION (
Off-peak air conditioning; A major energy saver
Today, the mission given to manufacturers is changing to include saving energy (kWh). Until now, saving energy was ignored because the utilities were happy to fill their night valley to reach a higher load factor. There also was a general feeling that making ice was much less efficient than standard air conditioning, and that anyone saying otherwise was a dreamer. This article discusses the energy savings based on the more prevalent ice storage technology, the similar suction temperatures of the various types of ice storage, and how storage is applied. Included are baseload power generation, partial storage with chiller priority, using air cooled condensers when making ice at night, colder duct air, heat recovery, central rooftop systems, smart controls, electric/gas combinations, supply side transmission and distribution losses, and cooling of air entering gas turbine generators during peak conditions.
MacCracken, C.D.
Study of thermoelectric technology for automobile air conditioning
An analytical study was conducted to determine the feasibility of employing thermoelectric (TE) cooling technology in automobile air conditioners. The study addressed two key issues -- power requirements and availability of thermoelectric materials. In this paper, a mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of TE air conditioners and to analyze power consumption. Results show that the power required to deliver a cooling capacity of 4 kW (13,80 Btu/h) in a 38{degree}C (100{degree}F) environment will be 9.5 kW electric. Current TE modules suitable for air conditioning are made of bismuth telluride. The element tellurium is expected to be in short supply if TE cooling is widely implemented for auto air conditioning; some options available in this regard were studied and presented in this paper.
Mathiprakasam, B.; Heenan, P. (Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO (United States)); Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Problem Type Problem Type Description Air Conditioning Air conditioner not working, leaking, etc
Problem Type Problem Type Description Air Conditioning Air conditioner not working, leaking, etc, Microfridges Doors and Hardware Door repair/replace Lock, latch or hinge repair, key stuck; Lost or stolen key, repair or replace Shades/Blinds Window treatment - repair or replace Washer/Dryer Washer/Dryer repair
Tennessee, University of
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning system driven Sample Search...
(3-0-3) Summary: and design of air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems; including consideration of vapor... ME 4321 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning...
"Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","Four Most Populated States" "Air Conditioning...
Modeling and Control of Aggregated Air Conditioning Loads Under Realistic Conditions
heaters are examples of TCLs. They use local hysteresis control to maintain either air or water units and water heaters is developed in [7] using detailed physical models. In all the aforementioned for a large fraction of electric demand. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and air conditioning) systems and water
Zhang, Wei
The effect of respiration heat of sorghum grain on the design of conditioned-air storage systems
THE EFFECT OF RESPIRATION HEAT OF SORGHUM GRAIN ON THE DESIGN OF CONDITIONED-AIR STORAGE SYSTEMS A Thesis by DANEL GENE HAILE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AIM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1967 Major Subject: Agricultural Engineering THE EFFECT OF RESPIRATION HEAT OF SORGHUM GRAIN ON THE DESIGN OF CONDITIONED-AIR STORAGE SYSTEMS A Thesis by DANEL GENE HAILE Approved as to style and content by: C airman...
Haile, Danel Gene
Analysis of Air Conditioning Effectiveness vs. Outdoor Conditions: Traditional Bins or Joint Frequency Bins?
There are a number of methods used to estimate the effectiveness of air conditioning equipment in handling loads. Full hourly computer simulations are probably the most accurate, but lack flexibility and are more cumbersome to use than more compact...
Cohen, B. M.
Retrofitting Inefficient Rooftop Air-Conditioning Units Reduces U.S. Navy Energy Use (Fact Sheet)
As part of the U.S. Navy's overall energy strategy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) partnered with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) to demonstrate market-ready energy efficiency measures, renewable energy generation, and energy systems integration. One such technology - retrofitting rooftop air-conditioning units with an advanced rooftop control system - was identified as a promising source for reducing energy use and costs, and can contribute to increasing energy security.
Not Available
Effect of Intake Air Filter Condition on Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Proper maintenance can help vehicles perform as designed, positively affecting fuel economy, emissions, and the overall drivability. This effort investigates the effect of one maintenance factor, intake air filter replacement, with primary focus on vehicle fuel economy, but also examining emissions and performance. Older studies, dealing with carbureted gasoline vehicles, have indicated that replacing a clogged or dirty air filter can improve vehicle fuel economy and conversely that a dirty air filter can be significantly detrimental to fuel economy. The effect of clogged air filters on the fuel economy, acceleration and emissions of five gasoline fueled vehicles is examined. Four of these were modern vehicles, featuring closed-loop control and ranging in model year from 2003 to 2007. Three vehicles were powered by naturally aspirated, port fuel injection (PFI) engines of differing size and cylinder configuration: an inline 4, a V6 and a V8. A turbocharged inline 4-cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine powered vehicle was the fourth modern gasoline vehicle tested. A vintage 1972 vehicle equipped with a carburetor (open-loop control) was also examined. Results reveal insignificant fuel economy and emissions sensitivity of modern vehicles to air filter condition, but measureable effects on the 1972 vehicle. All vehicles experienced a measured acceleration performance penalty with clogged intake air filters.
Thomas, John F [ORNL] [ORNL; Huff, Shean P [ORNL] [ORNL; West, Brian H [ORNL] [ORNL; Norman, Kevin M [ORNL] [ORNL
E-Print Network 3.0 - air force engineering Sample Search Results
Summary: the Performance of the Air Curtain in a Refrigerated Display Case," Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 3... , E., "Entrainment by a Refrigerated Air Curtain...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning plants Sample Search Results
plants Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning plants...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning plant Sample Search Results
plant Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning plant...
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equipments Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning equipments...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning equipment Sample Search...
equipment Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning equipment...
Date | 1Refrigeration and Air Conditioning EMA Education and Training Date | 2Refrigeration and Air Conditioning EMA Education and Training
Date | 1Refrigeration and Air Conditioning EMA Education and Training #12;Date | 2Refrigeration operating pressure (MOP) 5. De-humidifying (Te control) 6. Defrost funtions 7. Loss of charge detection (LOC control) 6. Defrost funtions 7. Loss of charge detection (LOC) 8. Bleed function 9. Sensor placement tips
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
A study on an air-water Stirling engine
A two-phase two-component Stirling engine using an air-water mixture as a working fluid is presently constructed and tested. This choice of working fluid, instead of usually adopted gases such as hydrogen and helium, is aimed to realize a high volumetric efficiency by high heat transfer coefficients of evaporation and condensation in the heat exchangers. Based upon the results of the performance test of the engine, the effects of the air-water mixture ratio and the heat input are mainly studied and discussed. It is concluded that using a condensable working fluid is an effective measure to improve the performance of the Stirling engine for a comparatively low temperature heat source.
Akayawa, H.; Hirata, M.; Kasayi, N.
Low pressure high speed Stirling air engine. Final technical report
The purpose of this project was to design, construct and test a simple, appropriate technology low pressure, high speed, wood-fired Stirling air engine of 100 W output. The final design was a concentric piston/displacer engine of 454 in. bore and 1 in. stroke with a rhombic drive mechanism. The project engine was ultimately completed and tested, using a propane burner for all tests as a matter of convenience. The 100 W aim was exceeded, at atmospheric pressure, over a wide range of engine speed with the maximum power being 112 W at 1150 rpm. A pressure can was constructed to permit pressurization; however the grant funds were running out, and the only pressurized power test attempted was unsuccessful due to seal difficulties. This was a disappointment because numerous tests on the 4 cubic inch engine suggested power would be more than doubled with pressurization at 25 psig. A manifold was designed and constructed to permit operation of the engine over a standard No. 40 pot bellied stove. The engine was run successfully, but at reduced speed and power, over this stove. The project engine started out being rather noisy in operation, but modifications ultimately resulted in a very quiet engine. Various other difficulties and their solutions also are discussed. (LCL)
Ross, M.A.
A MultiAir / MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency...
to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency A MultiAir MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency 2012 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies...
diesel engines and stationary power plants. The possibility of early detecting small defects priorUNSUPERVISED CONDITION CHANGE DETECTION IN LARGE DIESEL ENGINES Niels Henrik Pontoppidan and Jan detection in large diesel engines from acoustical emis- sion sensor signal and compared to more classical
Water as a lubricant for Stirling air engines: design considerations and operating experience
Air is favoured as the working fluid for large, slow-running Stirling engines. Lubricating oil entering the working space could combine with compressed, heated air to form a mixture capable of spontaneous combustion. To preclude this possibility, water may be used as the lubricant in Stirling air engines. This paper reviews the lubrication requirements of Stirling air engines and the potential of water to fulfil these requirements. Some bearing and seal materials suitable for water-lubricated Stirling engines are reviewed in terms of a design case study for a 20 kW water lubricated Ringbom-Stirling air engine. Early operating experience with this engine is reported.
Fauvel, O.R.; van Benthem, J.; Walker, G.
High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial Air Conditioning Systems
R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial air conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, air conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and air cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other air conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration The technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-speed, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not currently utilized in commercial air conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High speed motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high speed, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher speed and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, it could not be operated at air cooled condensing temperatures. (7) The two-stage impellers/diffusers worked well separately but combined did not match well.
Ruckes, John
Adaptive Air Charge Estimation for Turbocharged Diesel Engines without Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Adaptive Air Charge Estimation for Turbocharged Diesel Engines without Exhaust Gas Recirculation an adaptive observer for in-cylinder air charge estimation for turbocharged diesel engines without exhaust gas (734) 764-4256 1 #12;Storset et al.- Adaptive Air Charge Est. for TC Diesel Engines 2 1 Introduction
Stefanopoulou, Anna
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning units part Sample Search...
fans... : Use of mechanical equipment such as refrigeration, air conditioning, heating systems, ventilating fans... -handling units and mechanical, compressed air, and electric ......
Engine Air Intake Manifold Having Built In Intercooler
A turbocharged V type engine can be equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation cooler integrated into the intake manifold, so as to achieve efficiency, cost reductions and space economization improvements. The cooler can take the form of a tube-shell heat exchanger that utilizes a cylindrical chamber in the air intake manifold as the heat exchanger housing. The intake manifold depends into the central space formed by the two banks of cylinders on the V type engine, such that the central space is effectively utilized for containing the manifold and cooler.
Freese, V, Charles E. (Westland, MI)
Faculty Position: Air Resources Engineering and Sciences The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) at the University of Washington
Faculty Position: Air Resources Engineering and Sciences The Department of Civil and Environmental and environmental engineering and science disciplines. Candidates at the rank of Assistant Professor are strongly position in the broad area of Air Resources Engineering and Sciences. Particular research areas could
Knock limitations of methane-air mixtures in a turbocharged dual-fuel engine
Knock limitations are investigated using natural gas, with diesel pilot ignition, as a fuel for the 3406 DI-TA Caterpillar diesel engine. Thermodynamic properties at TDC are generated by computer and compared with experimental results. Exhaust emissions are analyzed. A comparison is made of dual-fuel operation relative to diesel. Observations are made to determine the onset of knock. The onset of knock is characterized as a function of engine speed, load, inlet manifold temperature, and air-fuel ratio (A/F). The conditions at the inset of knock are determined using cylinder pressure data. The most efficient operating range is determined with knock avoidance as a prime parameter.
Song, Y.K.; Acker, G.H.; Schaetzle, W.J.; Brett, C.E.
Variable oxygen/nitrogen enriched intake air system for internal combustion engine applications
An air supply control system for selectively supplying ambient air, oxygen enriched air and nitrogen enriched air to an intake of an internal combustion engine includes an air mixing chamber that is in fluid communication with the air intake. At least a portion of the ambient air flowing to the mixing chamber is selectively diverted through a secondary path that includes a selectively permeable air separating membrane device due a differential pressure established across the air separating membrane. The permeable membrane device separates a portion of the nitrogen in the ambient air so that oxygen enriched air (permeate) and nitrogen enriched air (retentate) are produced. The oxygen enriched air and the nitrogen enriched air can be selectively supplied to the mixing chamber or expelled to atmosphere. Alternatively, a portion of the nitrogen enriched air can be supplied through another control valve to a monatomic-nitrogen plasma generator device so that atomic nitrogen produced from the nitrogen enriched air can be then injected into the exhaust of the engine. The oxygen enriched air or the nitrogen enriched air becomes mixed with the ambient air in the mixing chamber and then the mixed air is supplied to the intake of the engine. As a result, the air being supplied to the intake of the engine can be regulated with respect to the concentration of oxygen and/or nitrogen.
Poola, Ramesh B. (Woodridge, IL); Sekar, Ramanujam R. (Naperville, IL); Cole, Roger L. (Elmhurst, IL)
Cooling air duct and screen arrangement for an air cooled engine
This patent describes a cooling air duct and screen arrangement for an air cooled engine which includes an improved cooling air system for ensuring a supply of relatively clean air for ingestion by the cooling shroud, which consists of: a vertical transverse baffle mounted to the frame and fitting closely against a forward top portion of the shroud and having an edge shaped complementary to and disposed at least closely adjacent the hood. An air duct is mounted to the frame and has an upright rear wall seated against the front of the shroud in an area surrounding the inlet. The air duct further has an upright front wall and a connecting wall joining respective side and bottom edges of the front and rear walls and cooperating therewith to define an upwardly facing opening. A screen is located forwardly of the baffle and has a top and front joined by opposite sides with the top and opposite sides having rear edges mounted against the baffle and with the opposite sides and front having bottom edges engaged with the air duct about the upwardly facing opening wherein the screen is mounted solely to the baffle by connection means including a vertical guide means provided on the forward side of the baffle and flange means formed on the screen and being vertically slidably received in the guide means.
Hoch, J.J.; Stricker, D.K.
Liquid over-feeding air conditioning system and method
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant.
Mei, Viung C. (Oak Ridge, TN); Chen, Fang C. (Knoxville, TN)
A refrigeration air conditioning system utilizing a liquid over-feeding operation is described. A liquid refrigerant accumulator-heat exchanger is placed in the system to provide a heat exchange relationship between hot liquid refrigerant discharged from condenser and a relatively cool mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant discharged from the evaporator. This heat exchange relationship substantially sub-cools the hot liquid refrigerant which undergoes little or no evaporation across the expansion device and provides a liquid over-feeding operation through the evaporator for effectively using 100 percent of evaporator for cooling purposes and for providing the aforementioned mixture of liquid and vaporous refrigerant. 1 figure.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C.
Proposal for an Adsorption Solar-Driven Air-Conditioning Unit for Public Offices
A simple prototype air conditioning unit driven entirely by solar energy is proposed aiming at replacing the conventional vapor compression air conditioning systems which are reasonable for the global warming. The proposed model is supposed...
Elsamni, O. A.; Sahmarani, K.J.; Obied, F. K.
Submersible Survey Along the Honolulu Sea Water Air Conditioning LLC Pipe Route to Provide Data
1 Submersible Survey Along the Honolulu Sea Water Air Conditioning LLC Pipe Route to Provide Data, University of Hawaii 2Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning, LLC KOK & Pisces V #12;2 HSWAC Pipe Route Survey
Numerical Analysis of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Underground Air-conditioning Systems
In view of the influence of humidity of room air on room heat load, indoor environment and building energy consumption in underground intermittent air-conditioning systems, numerical simulation was used to dynamically analyze the coupling condition...
Wang, Q.; Miao, X.; Cheng, B.; Fan, L.
"Table HC10.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by U.S. Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,"Housing Units (millions)","U.S. Census Region" "Air Conditioning Usage...
The Effect of Pressure Difference Control on Hydraulic Stability in a Variable Flow Air Conditioning System
This paper analyzes the effects of different pressure difference control methods on hydraulic stability in a variable flow air conditioning system when it is applied to different air conditioning water systems. According to control method and water...
Zhang, Z.; Fu, Y.; Chen, Y.
Integration of air separation membrane and coalescing filter for use on an inlet air system of an engine
An intake air separation system suitable for combustion air of an internal combustion engine. An air separation device of the system includes a plurality of fibers, each fiber having a tube with a permeation barrier layer on the outer surface thereof and a coalescing layer on the inner surface thereof, to restrict fluid droplets from contacting the permeation barrier layer.
Moncelle, Michael E. (Bloomington, IL)
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning maintenance Sample Search...
Last Updated: 41702 Summary: , including refrigeration, air conditioning, heating systems, ventilating fans, roof ventilators, exhaust fans... : Use of mechanical equipment...
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. F. Obert, Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Intext Educational Publishers, 1973
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. F. Obert, Internal Combustion Engines and Air, The Internal Combustion Engine, International Textbook Company, 1961. (A basic text now out of print and somewhat dated.) 3. C.F. Taylor, The Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. Volumes I and II, M
Goldwasser, Shafi
Prediction of Air Conditioning Load Response for Providing Spinning Reserve - ORNL Report
This report assesses the use of air conditioning load for providing spinning reserve and discusses the barriers and opportunities. Air conditioning load is well suited for this service because it often increases during heavy load periods and can be curtailed for short periods with little impact to the customer. The report also provides an appendix describing the ambient temperature effect on air conditioning load.
Kueck, John D [ORNL; Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL; Ally, Moonis Raza [ORNL; Rice, C Keith [ORNL
Investigating the Performance of Solar Air Conditioning Motivation/Background Findings
Investigating the Performance of Solar Air Conditioning Motivation/Background Findings Two Building-thermal collectors We investigated 3 types of solar cooling technologies: · Air conditioning consumes 10% of all conditioning can reduce energy consumption, only if paired with a suitable system · Conventional office air
E-Print Network 3.0 - alternative automative air-conditioning...
as well as developing countries. Because... of the energy demand from refrigeration and air conditioning. The thesis' first assessment discusses the effect... conditioning...
Soot formation modelling of n-heptane sprays under diesel engine conditions using the Conditional Moment Closure
1 Soot formation modelling of n-heptane sprays under diesel engine conditions using the Conditional-volume vessel under diesel engine conditions under different ambient densities (14.8 and 30 kg/m3 ) and ambient that the conditional moment closure approach is a promising framework for soot modelling under Diesel engine conditions
Daraio, Chiara
Two air path observers for turbocharged SI engines with Guillaume Colina,
, and an efficient control of the air actuators is required for engine torque control. Two non-linear estimators decreases pollutants emission, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx). 1.2. System description The air intakeTwo air path observers for turbocharged SI engines with VCT Guillaume Colina, , G´erard Blochb
Modeling of Air-Fuel Ratio Dynamics of Gasoline Combustion Engine with ARX Network
DS-06-1351 Modeling of Air-Fuel Ratio Dynamics of Gasoline Combustion Engine with ARX Network Tomás dynamics of gasoline engines during transient operation. With a collection of input-output data measured;Modeling of Air-Fuel Ratio Dynamics of Gasoline Combustion Engine with ARX Network I. INTRODUCTION
Johansen, Tor Arne
Analysis of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System and Low Temperature Supply Air Conditioning System
This paper presents the principles and the characteristics of a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) and low temperature supply air system. DOAS is offered based on the demands of indoor air quality and the low temperature supply air system...
Guang, L.; Li, R.
Operation of Energy-Efficient Air-Conditioned Buildings: An Overview
To design an optimum HVAC airside system that provides comfort and air quality in the air-conditioned spaces with efficient energy consumption is a great challenge. This paper evaluates recent progresses of HVAC airside design for the air-conditioned...
Khalil, E. E.
air quality conditions: Topics by E-print Network
dynamics in the South Coast Air Basin of California. It has also been modified to model pollution in South Korea, Mexico Manohar, Rajit 71 Predicting Air Quality: Current Status...
Commissioning and Diagnosis of VAV Air-Conditioning Systems
This paper presents a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) strategy based on system knowledge, qualitative states and object-oriented statistical process control (SPC) models for typical pressure-independent variable air volume (VAV) air...
Qin, J.; Wang, S.; Chan, C.; Xiao, F.
Two stroke homogenous charge compression ignition engine with pulsed air supplier
A two stroke homogenous charge compression ignition engine includes a volume pulsed air supplier, such as a piston driven pump, for efficient scavenging. The usage of a homogenous charge tends to decrease emissions. The use of a volume pulsed air supplier in conjunction with conventional poppet type intake and exhaust valves results in a relatively efficient scavenging mode for the engine. The engine preferably includes features that permit valving event timing, air pulse event timing and injection event timing to be varied relative to engine crankshaft angle. The principle use of the invention lies in improving diesel engines.
Clarke, John M. (Chillicothe, IL)
Flywheel Cooling: A Cooling Solution for Non Air-Conditioned Buildings
"Flywheel Cooling" utillzes the natural cooling processes of evaporation, ventilation and air circulation. These systems are providing low-cost cooling for distribution centers, warehouses, and other non air-conditioned industrial assembly plants...
Abernethy, D.
A new route for energy efficiency diagnosis and potential analysis of energy consumption from air-conditioning system
1 A new route for energy efficiency diagnosis and potential analysis of energy consumption from air-conditioning system Rong-Jiang Ma Nan-Yang Yu PhD candidate Professor School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong... in buildings is to save energy without compromising comfort, health and productivity levels. In other words, the idea is to consume less energy while providing equal or improved building services, that is, being more energy efficient (P�rez-Lombard et al...
Ma,R.J.; Yu,N.Y.
Intelligent Residential Air-Conditioning System with Smart-Grid Functionality
1 Intelligent Residential Air-Conditioning System with Smart-Grid Functionality Auswin George residential air-conditioning (A/C) system controller that has smart grid functionality. The qualifier, conditional on anticipated retail energy prices. The term "smart- grid functionality" means that retail energy
Tesfatsion, Leigh
air conditioning system: Topics by E-print Network
may be eliminated. Physical principals governing airflow in fan systems predict available energy savings from using premium air filters. This energy savings may offset the...
air conditioning systems: Topics by E-print Network
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning systems based Sample Search...
INVENTION, APPLICATION NO. 61297,958 OF 25 JAN 2010 Summary: for Efficient Heating, Cooling, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning BY MILIVOJE M. KOSTIC, SYCAMORE, IL......
Table HC6.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Number of Household Members, 2005 Total... 111.1 30.0 34.8 18.4 15.9...
"Table HC11.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Northeast Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Northeast Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census...
Table HC15.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most...
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Four Most Populated States, 2005 Total... 111.1 7.1 7.0 8.0...
"Table HC13.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by South Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"South Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division"...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning problemas Sample Search...
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air conditioning problemas Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Problema Tema 1: Integraci en n...
"Table HC12.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Midwest Census...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Midwest Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"Midwest Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division"...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning applications final Sample...
is increasing in industrialized as well as developing countries. Because... of the energy demand from refrigeration and air conditioning. The thesis' first assessment...
Impact of Vehicle Air-Conditioning on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Electric Vehicle Range: Preprint
Vehicle air-conditioning can significantly impact fuel economy and tailpipe emissions of conventional and hybrid electric vehicles and reduce electric vehicle range. In addition, a new US emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure, has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the US. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. Current air-conditioning systems can reduce the fuel economy of high fuel-economy vehicles by about 50% and reduce the fuel economy of today's mid-sized vehicles by more than 20% while increasing NOx by nearly 80% and CO by 70%.
Farrington, R.; Rugh, J.
New Automotive Air Conditioning System Simulation Tool Developed in MATLAB/Simulink
Further improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency require accurate evaluation of the vehicle's transient total power requirement. When operated, the air conditioning (A/C) system is the largest auxiliary load on a vehicle; therefore, accurate evaluation of the load it places on the vehicle's engine and/or energy storage system is especially important. Vehicle simulation software, such as 'Autonomie,' has been used by OEMs to evaluate vehicles' energy performance. A transient A/C simulation tool incorporated into vehicle simulation models would also provide a tool for developing more efficient A/C systems through a thorough consideration of the transient A/C system performance. The dynamic system simulation software Matlab/Simulink was used to develop new and more efficient vehicle energy system controls. The various modeling methods used for the new simulation tool are described in detail. Comparison with measured data is provided to demonstrate the validity of the model.
Kiss, T.; Chaney, L.; Meyer, J.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Fall 2009 Air Products-Entrained Particle Flow Test Rig
PENNSTATE Department of Mechanical Engineering Fall 2009 Air Products-Entrained Particle Flow Test are causing catalyst plugging. Objectives Air Products requested that a test rig be constructed to entrain the hydrogen reforming facilities and aid Air Products in understanding the plugging problem. Approach
Demirel, Melik C.
Test and Reconstruction of Air Conditioning System in a Hotel Lobby
Two air conditioning systems are equipped in a hotel lobby. It is found from the field test that the actual air rate is 40% and 16% of the nominal value, respectively, of the two systems, which is far lower than the design requirement. The air rate...
Wang, G.; Hu, Y.; Hu, S.; Chen, Q.
of the updated Energy Conservation Standards for Air Conditioners, Furnaces and Heat Pumps. DOE EX Parte Memo.pdf More Documents & Publications 3rd Semi-Annual Report to...
Development of Optimization Tool for Air Conditioning System Operation
Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 Outside air temperature and the absolute air humidity are predicted by the Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model [1],[2]. The solar radiation on a horizontal surface... of the error margin Energy Consumption (set value A) Energy Consumption (set value B) ESL-IC-08-10-55 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 J VAV unit is also operated under...
Sumiyoshi, D.; Akashi, Y.
Improving the Performance of Air-Conditioning Systems in an ASEAN Climate
This paper describes an analysis of air conditioning performance under hot and humid tropical climate conditions appropriate to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. This region, with over 280 million people, has one...
Busch, J. F.; Warren, M. L.
Air Distribution and Microenvironment Evaluation of a Desktop Task Conditioning System
Task conditioning aims to provide each occupant with personalized clean air direct to the breathing zone. The microenvironment of a typical office workplace, consisting of two desktop task conditioning systems (a Horizontal Desk Grill (HDG...
Zheng, G.
Engineered microorganisms capable of producing target compounds under anaerobic conditions
The present invention is generally provides recombinant microorganisms comprising engineered metabolic pathways capable of producing C3-C5 alcohols under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The invention further provides ketol-acid reductoisomerase enzymes which have been mutated or modified to increase their NADH-dependent activity or to switch the cofactor preference from NADPH to NADH and are expressed in the modified microorganisms. In addition, the invention provides isobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes expressed in modified microorganisms. Also provided are methods of producing beneficial metabolites under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by contacting a suitable substrate with the modified microorganisms of the present invention.
Buelter, Thomas (Denver, CO); Meinhold, Peter (Denver, CO); Feldman, Reid M. Renny (San Francisco, CA); Hawkins, Andrew C. (Parker, CO); Urano, Jun (Irvine, CA); Bastian, Sabine (Pasadena, CA); Arnold, Frances (La Canada, CA)
The Use of Conditioned Air for Maintaining Quality of Stored Sorghum Grain.
.- ...... '. .................................... 21 .............................................. Design Method No: 3 21 Effects of Conditioned-air Storage on Grain Quality ........................................................... II! Insect Control...,~ of controlled storage environments for bulk yain are discussed. The initial vapor pressure of tile moisture in the grain and the partial pressure of !lie vapor in the conditioned air circulating through llle grain mass were found to be very important tl...
Person, Nat K. Jr.; Sorenson, J. W. Jr.; McCune, W. E.; Hobgood, Price
Experimental Investigation on the Operation Performance of a Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning System
A large share of energy consumption is taken by an air-conditioning system. It worsens the electricity load of the power network. Therefore, more and more scholars are paying attention to research on new types of air-conditioning systems...
Liu, J.; Wang, J.; Wu, Z.; Gu, W.; Zhang, G.
Modelica Library for Building Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems
Modelica Library for Building Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems Michael Wetter available Modelica library for building heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The library is based on the Modelica.Fluid library. It has been developed to support research and development
A web based CBR system for heating ventilation and air conditioning systems sales support
A web based CBR system for heating ventilation and air conditioning systems sales support D describes the implementation of a case-based reasoning (CBR) system to support heating ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) sales staff operating in remote locations. The system operates on the world wide
Watson, Ian
, indirect refrigeration systems renews interest as they enable to notably reduce the use of environmental the refrigeration applications to the air-conditioning systems. However, this kind of process only remainsRHEOLOGICAL STUDY OF TWO-PHASE SECONDARY FLUIDS FOR REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING. Mylène
Air emissions inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory -- 1995 emissions report
This report presents the 1995 update of the Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The INEL Air Emission Inventory documents sources and emissions of non-radionuclide pollutants from operations at the INEL. The report describes the emission inventory process and all of the sources at the INEL, and provides non-radionuclide emissions estimates for stationary sources. The air contaminants reported include nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulates, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).
Desiccants: Benefits for the Second Century of Air-Conditioning
Desiccant technology now stands where mechanical cooling stood in the 1930's. Desiccant systems have been used by industrial engineers to achieve productivity and energy benefits which far outweigh their installed cost. Now, with lower cost...
McGahey, K.; Harriman, L.
Opportunities to Reduce Air-Conditioning Loads Through Lower Cabin Soak Temperatures
Air-conditioning loads can significantly reduce electric vehicle (EV) range and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) fuel economy. In addition, a new U. S. emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP), has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the United States. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. If the size of the air-conditioning system is reduced, the cabin soak temperature must also be reduced, with no penalty in terms of passenger thermal comfort. This paper presents the impact of air-conditioning on EV range and HEV fuel economy, and compares the effectiveness of advanced glazing and cabin ventilation. Experimental and modeled results are presented.
Farrington, R.; Cuddy, M.; Keyser, M.; Rugh, J.
Energy Consumption Measuring and Diagnostic Analysis of Air-conditioning Water System in a Hotel Building in Harbin
This paper introduces an air-conditioning water system in a hotel building in Harbin, finishes its air-conditioning energy consumption measurement in summer conditions, and presents an estimation index of performance of chiller, pump and motor...
Zhao, T.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.
Future Air Conditioning Energy Consumption in Developing Countries and what can be done about it: The Potential of Efficiency in the Residential Sector
G. Henderson (2005) Home air conditioning in Europe � howhigher growth in Indian air conditioner saturation duringand A.A. Pavlova ( 2003). Air conditioning market saturation
McNeil, Michael A.; Letschert, Virginie E.
Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning: General Guidance and Site Considerations
Dehumidification or latent cooling in buildings is an area of growing interest that has been identified as needing more research and improved technologies for higher performance. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems typically expend excessive energy by using overcool-and-reheat strategies to dehumidify buildings. These systems first overcool ventilation air to remove moisture and then reheat the air to meet comfort requirements. Another common strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove moisture from the air more efficiently; however, these systems increase fan energy consumption because of the high airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors and can add heat of absorption to the ventilation air. Alternatively, liquid desiccant air-conditioning (LDAC) technology provides an innovative dehumidification solution that: (1) eliminates the need for overcooling and reheating from traditional cooling systems; and (2) avoids the increased fan energy and air heating from solid desiccant rotor systems.
Kozubal, E.; Herrmann, L.; Deru, M.; Clark, J.
Retrofitting Air Conditioning and Duct Systems in Hot, Dry Climates
This technical report describes CARB's work with Clark County Community Resources Division in Las Vegas, Nevada, to optimize procedures for upgrading cooling systems on existing homes in the area to implement health, safety, and energy improvements. Detailed monitoring of five AC systems showed that three of the five systems met or exceeded air flow rate goals.
Shapiro, C.; Aldrich, R.; Arena, L.
air breathing engine: Topics by E-print Network
fuel cells Z June 2011 Available online 14 June 2011 Keywords: Air-breathing PEM fuel cell Temperature effects Air buoyancy a b s t r a c t The impact of temperature on...
air breathing engines: Topics by E-print Network
Air/fuel supply system for use in a gas turbine engine
A fuel injector for use in a gas turbine engine combustor assembly. The fuel injector includes a main body and a fuel supply structure. The main body has an inlet end and an outlet end and defines a longitudinal axis extending between the outlet and inlet ends. The main body comprises a plurality of air/fuel passages extending therethrough, each air/fuel passage including an inlet that receives air from a source of air and an outlet. The fuel supply structure communicates with and supplies fuel to the air/fuel passages for providing an air/fuel mixture within each air/fuel passage. The air/fuel mixtures exit the main body through respective air/fuel passage outlets.
Fox, Timothy A; Schilp, Reinhard; Gambacorta, Domenico
Impact of the Variable Refrigerant Volume Air Conditioning System on Building Energy Efficiency
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-3 Impact of the Variable Refrigerant Volume Air Conditioning System on Building Energy Efficiency Huawei Zhu Zhejiang Urban and Rural Planning Design Institute... conditioning system has led to extensive criticism. 2. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND ITS PRESENT APPLICATION ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-3 2...
Zhu, H.
Energy Conservation of Air Conditioning Systems in Large Public Buildings
cold seasons, the closed middle air layer absorbs the solar energy, and becomes the buffer layer of space between the inside and outside because of the glasshouse effect. In this case, the indoor heat loss can be reduced. While during the hot... and natural climatic microenvironment for the people indoor. Considering the energy conservation and the ecological environmental protection, this system not only satisfies the aesthetic need of the architecture, but also is the need of developing...
Liu, P.; Li, D.
Air entrainment by a plunging jet under intermittent vortex conditions
This fluid dynamic video entry to the 2011 APS-DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion details the transient evolution of the free surface surrounding the impact region of a low-viscosity laminar liquid jet as it enters a quiescent pool. The close-up images depict the destabilization and breakup of the annular air gap and the subsequent entrainment of bubbles into the bulk liquid.
Kim, Kevin Jin; Li, Kevin; Kiger, Ken T
Effects of secondary air injection during cold start of SI engines
The paucity of exhaust oxygen during cold start of automobile SI engines limits the extent of exothermic chemical reactions in the exhaust port, manifold, and catalyst. The injection of air into the exhaust system therefore ...
Lee, Dongkun
Development of empirical temperature and humidity-based degraded-condition indicators for low-tonnage air conditioners
A split-system direct-expansion air conditioner was used to empirically determine temperature and return-air humidity indicators that could detect performance degradation resulting from degraded conditions. The air conditioner test bench...
Watt, James Bonner
New Techniques For Assessing The Visual Condition Of Civil Engineering Structures
that similar structure condition assessments could be obtained by an engineer on site performing a traditionalNew Techniques For Assessing The Visual Condition Of Civil Engineering Structures Researcher: S G of the condition of civil engineering structures such as bridges are vital to ensure they remain safe and fit
Birmingham, University of
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the air/suppressant flow in an uncluttered F18 engine nacelle
For the purposes of designing improved Halon-alternative fire suppression strategies for aircraft applications, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the air flow, suppressant transport, and air-suppressant mixing within an uncluttered F18 engine nacelle were performed. The release of inert gases from a Solid Propellant Gas Generator (SPGG) was analyzed at two different injection locations in order to understand the effect of injection position on the flow patterns and the mixing of air and suppression agent. An uncluttered engine nacelle was simulated to provide insight into the global flow features as well as to promote comparisons with previous nacelle fire tests and recent water tunnel tests which included little or no clutter. Oxygen concentration levels, fuel/air residence times that would exist if a small fuel leak were present, velocity contours, and streamline patterns are presented inside the engine nacelle. The numerical results show the influence of the gent release location on regions of potential flame extinction due to oxygen inerting and high flame strain. The occurrence of inflow through the exhaust ducts on the aft end of the nacelle is also predicted. As expected, the predicted oxygen concentration levels were consistently higher than the measured levels since a fire was not modeled in this analysis. Despite differences in the conditions of these simulations and the experiments, good agreement was obtained between the CFD predictions and the experimental measurements.
Lopez, A.R.; Gritzo, L.A.; Hassan, B.
Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory - Calendar Year 1999 Emission Report
This report presents the 1999 calendar year update of the Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The INEEL Air Emission Inventory documents sources and emissions of nonradionuclide pollutants from operations at the INEEL. The report describes the emission inventory process and all of the sources at the INEEL, and provides nonradionuclide emissions estimates for stationary sources.
Zohner, S.K.
Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory - Calendar Year 1998 Emissions Report
This report presents the 1998 calendar year update of the Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The INEEL Air Emission Inventory documents sources and emissions of nonradionuclide pollutants from operations at the INEEL. The report describes the emission inventory process and all of the sources at the INEEL, and provides nonradiological emissions estimates for stationary sources.
S. K. Zohner
Motion planning for experimental air path control of a variable-valve-timing spark ignition engine
to driveability problems) and on the fuel/air ratio (FAR) (leading to pollution peaks). To compensateMotion planning for experimental air path control of a variable-valve-timing spark ignition engine Syste´mes, Mines-ParisTech 60, bd St Michel, 75272 Paris, France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history
2006-01-1085 Air Path Estimation on Diesel HCCI Engine
: fresh air and EGR temperature probes. INTRODUCTION Increasingly stringent pollution standards norms have2006-01-1085 Air Path Estimation on Diesel HCCI Engine J. Chauvin, N. Petit, P. Rouchon ´Ecole des Mines de Paris G. Corde IFP C. Vigild Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH Copyright c 2006 Society
Air emission inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: 1994 emissions report
This report Presents the 1994 update of the Air Emission inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The INEL Air Emission Inventory documents sources and emissions of non-radionuclide pollutants from operations at the INEL. The report describes the emission inventory process and all of the sources at the INEL, and provides non-radionuclide emissions estimates for stationary sources.
FILLING OF METHANE/AIR MIXTURE IN A TUBE FOR PULSE DETONATION ENGINES By SHRAVANI DWARAKAPALLY. Thanks to my god Lord Shiva for his blessings. November 18, 2011 #12;v ABSTRACT FILLING OF METHANE, was studied using the unsteady flow solver methane and air nominally at STP. Three cases were examined: (i
Texas at Arlington, University of
Method and apparatus for controlling fuel/air mixture in a lean burn engine
The system for controlling the fuel/air mixture supplied to a lean burn engine when operating on natural gas, gasoline, hydrogen, alcohol, propane, butane, diesel or any other fuel as desired. As specific humidity of air supplied to the lean burn engine increases, the oxygen concentration of exhaust gas discharged by the engine for a given equivalence ratio will decrease. Closed loop fuel control systems typically attempt to maintain a constant exhaust gas oxygen concentration. Therefore, the decrease in the exhaust gas oxygen concentration resulting from increased specific humidity will often be improperly attributed to an excessive supply of fuel and the control system will incorrectly reduce the amount of fuel supplied to the engine. Also, the minimum fuel/air equivalence ratio for a lean burn engine to avoid misfiring will increase as specific humidity increases. A relative humidity sensor to allow the control system to provide a more enriched fuel/air mixture at high specific humidity levels. The level of specific humidity may be used to compensate an output signal from a universal exhaust gas oxygen sensor for changing oxygen concentrations at a desired equivalence ratio due to variation in specific humidity specific humidity. As a result, the control system will maintain the desired efficiency, low exhaust emissions and power level for the associated lean burn engine regardless of the specific humidity level of intake air supplied to the lean burn engine.
Kubesh, John Thomas (San Antonio, TX); Dodge, Lee Gene (San Antonio, TX); Podnar, Daniel James (San Antonio, TX)
Economic Analysis and Comparison of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Heating and Air-Conditioning System
Based on the heating and air-conditioning system of a high-rise residential building in Northern city, this paper provides a discussion on the choice and matching of different types of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump (WWRHP) heating and air...
Zhang, C.; Wang, S.; Chen, H.; Shi, Y.
Effect of a Radiant Panel Cooling System on Indoor Air Quality of a Conditioned Space
This paper discusses the effect of a radiant cooling panel system on an indoor air quality (IAQ) of a conditioned space. In this study, ceiling radiant cooling panel, mechanical ventilation with fan coil unit (FCU) and 100% fresh air are used...
Mohamed, E.; Abdalla, K. N.
Analysis of Energy Saving in a Clean Room Air-conditioning System
simulated and compared the summer energy consuming conditions of the two systems. Results prove the superiority of the 2nd return air system, and the validity of the simulation. Also, the air system energy performance in summer was illustrated with typical...
Liu, S.; Liu, J.; Pei, J.; Wang, M.
Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1993 emissions report
This report presents the 1993 update of the Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The purpose of the Air Emission Inventory is to commence the preparation of the permit to operate application for the INEL, as required by the recently promulgated Title V regulations of the Clean Air Act. The report describes the emission inventory process and all of the sources at the INEL and provides emissions estimates for both mobile and stationary sources.
Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions from Next-Generation Mobile Air Conditioning Technology in India: Preprint
This paper quantifies the mobile air-conditioning fuel consumption of the typical Indian vehicle, exploring potential fuel savings and emissions reductions these systems for the next generation of vehicles.
Chaney, L.; Thundiyil, K.; Chidambaram, S.; Abbi, Y. P.; Anderson, S.
E-Print Network 3.0 - automative air-conditioning systems Sample...
systems Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 PLEASE HELP SAVE ENERGY Learn how to control the heating system for your room. Summary: & SW Heat & air conditioning control Cary E & NE &...
"Table HC3.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Owner-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Owner-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Owner-Occupied Housing...
Numerical Analysis of the Channel Wheel Fresh Air Ventilator Under Frosting Conditions
channel wheel heat exchanger under different ambient conditions using the model developed. These include frost formation on the surface of the channel wheel heat exchanger, and impacts on the operational performance of the channel wheel fresh air...
Gao, B.; Dong, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Luo, E.
"Table HC4.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by Renter-Occupied Housing Unit, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,," Renter-Occupied Housing Units (millions)","Type of Renter-Occupied...
"Table HC14.7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by West Census...
7 Air-Conditioning Usage Indicators by West Census Region, 2005" " Million U.S. Housing Units" ,,"West Census Region" ,"U.S. Housing Units (millions)" ,,,"Census Division" ,,"Total...
Analysis of the Diagnostic Methods of the Performance Failure of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China Co ntrol Systems for Energy Efficiency and Comfort, Vol. V-5-2 Analysis of the Diagnostic Methods of the Performance Failure of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems Lianyou LI Zhihong ZHANG Yong...
Li, L.; Zhang, Z.; Sun, Y.; Li, D.; Xie, H.
Air-Conditioning Effect Estimation for Mid-Term Forecasts of Tunisian Electricity Consumption
Air-Conditioning Effect Estimation for Mid-Term Forecasts of Tunisian Electricity Consumption Tunisian electricity consumption (the residential sector represents 68% of this class of consumers). Nevertheless, with the Tunisian electricity consumption context, models elaborating which take account weather
Analysis of a Retrofitted Thermal Energy Storage Air-conditioning System of a Marine Museum.
??Thermal energy storage(TES) air-conditioning system is a electrical load management technology with great potential to shift load from peak to off-peak utility periods. TES is� (more)
Yu, Po-wen
Proposal for a Vehicle Level Test Procedure to Measure Air Conditioning Fuel Use: Preprint
A procedure is described to measure approximate real-world air conditioning fuel use and assess the impact of thermal load reduction strategies in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Rugh, J.
Energy Comparison Between Conventional and Chilled Water Thermal Storage Air Conditioning Systems
, encouraged by government subsidies and driven by the rapid and continual expansion in building construction, urban development, and the heavy reliance on Air Conditioning (AC) systems for the cooling of buildings. The Chilled Water Thermal Storage (CWTS...
Sebzali, M.; Hussain, H. J.; Ameer, B.
Austria, September 2006. Modelica As- sociation and Arsenalsystems. The ?exibility of Modelica has been T room in [� C]lss. AirConditioning - a Modelica li- o brary for dynamic
Wetter, Michael
Feasibility of Municipal Water Mains as Heat Sink for Residential Air-Conditioning
It has been proposed that municipal water mains be used as the heat sink or the heat source for air-conditioning or heating, respectively. This paper addresses the extent of thermal contamination associated with the use of municipal water...
Vliet, G. C.
1 IMPACT OF LOW-EMISSION DIESEL ENGINES ON UNDERGROUND MINE AIR QUALITY Susan T. Bagley1, Winthrop-1295 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Diesel Research, University of Minnesota, 111, however, is providing the report on its Website because it is important for parties interested in diesel
Minnesota, University of
Discussion of Air-Conditioning Energy-Savings in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Regions
Introducing several kinds of air-conditioning systems energy conservation measures, and according to the climate of the hot-summer and cold-winter region in China, this paper puts forward an overall conception for air-conditioning energy...
Zheng, W.; Gong, F.; Lou, X.; Cheng, J.
The Coordinated Control of a Central Air Conditioning System Based on Variable Chilled Water Temperature and Variable Chilled Water Flow
At present, regulation of water flow by means of pump frequency conversion is one of the major methods for power-saving in central air conditioning systems. In this article, optimization regulation for central air conditioning system on the basis...
Liu, J.; Mai, Y.; Liu, X.
Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air-Conditioning (DEVap): Evaluation of a New Concept in Ultra Efficient Air Conditioning
NREL has developed the novel concept of a desiccant enhanced evaporative air conditioner (DEVap) with the objective of combining the benefits of liquid desiccant and evaporative cooling technologies into an innovative 'cooling core.' Liquid desiccant technologies have extraordinary dehumidification potential, but require an efficient cooling sink. DEVap's thermodynamic potential overcomes many shortcomings of standard refrigeration-based direct expansion cooling. DEVap decouples cooling and dehumidification performance, which results in independent temperature and humidity control. The energy input is largely switched away from electricity to low-grade thermal energy that can be sourced from fuels such as natural gas, waste heat, solar, or biofuels.
Kozubal, E.; Woods, J.; Burch, J.; Boranian, A.; Merrigan, T.
September 10, 2013 What is Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC)?
customer electrical consumption by up to 40% Aligns with Hawaii Clean Energy Initiatives Substantial water · Letters of Intent for 42% of Waikiki SWAC design load Customers · City, State, & Federal agency conditioning usage #12;Why SWAC in Waikiki? Electrical rates are near the highest in the U.S. Hawaii relies
Module Development and Simulation of the Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning System under Cooling Conditions in Energyplus
ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-2 Module Development and Simulation of the Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning System under Cooling Conditions in Energyplus Yanping Zhou Jingyi..., especially for those who ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency Vol.IV-1-2 show some interest about high-efficiency systems like VRF, it becomes of interest to compare the VRF to other systems and evaluate VRF?s performance...
Zhou, Y.; Wu, J.; Wang, R.; Shiochi, S.
Application of the VRV Air-Conditioning System Heat Recovery Series in Interior Zone and Analysis of its Energy Saving
To reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning systems, we can use the VRV air conditioning system to supply cold loads in the winter for rooms in the construction inner zone where cold loads need to be supplied. The VRV air-conditioning...
Zhang, Q.; Li, D.; Zhang, J.
Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System Selection for Hot & Humid Climates
Capacity at Part-Load Conditions In 1996, Henderson and Rengarajan4 published a method for modeling the latent capacity degradation of DX equipment with constant blower operation. This latent degradation model provided critical information need... to match the moisture removal capacity of the selected system to the moisture load. However, the model required an iterative solution and knowledge of equipment parameters that were not readily available during design. In 1998, Henderson published a...
Browning, B. K.
Energy Efficient Design, Air Conditioning Correspondence to Author:
ABSTRACT: HVAC maintain both comfort and safety of indoor air quality. The challenge of maintaining high product quality while simultaneously reducing production costs can often be met through investments in energy efficient technologies and energy efficiency practices. The greatest opportunities for energy efficiency exist at the design stage for HVAC systems in new industrial facilities. By sizing components of HVAC systems generally include dampers, supply and exhaust fans, filters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, heating and cooling coils, ducts, and various sensors properly and designing energy efficiency into a new facility, an industry can minimize the energy consumption and operational costs of its plant HVAC systems from the outset. Optimizing system design and operations, such as minimizing laboratory ventilation, can also lead to significant reductions in energy use. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner.
Parth Patel; Parth Patel
Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships: Diesel Engine Particulate Emission Reduction via Lube-Oil-Consumption Control
1 Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships: Diesel Engine Particulate Emission Reduction via Lube the effectiveness of reducing engine lube-oil consumption as a means to reduce particulate pollutants. In this study-lube-oil-consumption designs, for example, could be an option with existing engines. AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS The motivation
Brown, Alan
Experimental investigation on performance of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe
An experimental study on operation performance of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe is conducted in this paper. The experimental system of ice storage air-conditioning system with separate heat pipe is set up. The performance parameters such as the evaporation pressure and the condensation pressure of refrigeration system, the refrigeration capacity and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the system, the IPF (ice packing factor) and the cool storage capacity in the cool storage tank during charging period, and the cool discharge rate and the cool discharge capacity in the cool storage tank, the outlet water temperature in the cool storage tank and the outlet air temperature in room unit during discharging period are investigated. The experimental results show that the ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe can stably work during charging and discharging period. This indicates that the ice storage air-conditioning system with separate helical heat pipe is well adapted to cool storage air-conditioning systems in building. (author)
Fang, Guiyin; Liu, Xu; Wu, Shuangmao [Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
Simulation- Assisted Audit of an Air Conditioned Office Building
Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 performances of the installation. Finally, some significant retrofit opportunities are proposed. BUILDING DESCRIPTION Building design The considered building is an existing... Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Berlin, Germany, October 20-22, 2008 In nominal heating conditions (outdoor : -10?C/RH 90%; indoor : 20?C/RH50%), with ?t = 30 K, this gives a sensible power demand of: g1843g4662g3046,g3041g3042g3040 =g343623...
Bertagnolio, S.; Lebrun, J.; Hannay, J.; Silva, C. A.
A comparison between the use of natural air and air containing ozone in conditioning farm products
H3 Ave, Air Volume& Otme 42EOO 52e98 45e 66 46e48 40, 65 56, 64 47, 31 48, 20 43. 65 51, 66 48. 99 48, 10 55. 98 52e98 42 00 50. 32 39EOO 41e31 41e 64 COe 65 39EOO 41, 25 41. 64 40. 63 , tatio Pressures In, H. C. ~ 4...
Wilkes, Lambert Henry
Model Based Sensor System for Temperature Measurement in R744 Air Conditioning Systems
The goal is the development of a novel principle for the temperature acquisition of refrigerants in CO2 air conditioning systems. The new approach is based on measuring the temperature inside a pressure sensor, which is also needed in the system. On the basis of simulative investigations of different mounting conditions functional relations between measured and medium temperature will be derived.
Reitz, Sven; Schneider, Peter
Hydrazine engine start system air start performance and controls sizing
Hydrazine has been used as an energy source in many applications to fuel in-flight main engine starting. In a current application, an existing hydrazine engine start system (ESS) design was adapted to meet new fuel control requirements. This paper presents a brief system description, historical context, and the motivating factors for the hydrazine controls changes and three case studies of controls design and analysis from the ESS program. 4 refs.
Johnson, A.T.
Closed loop engine control for regulating NOx emissions, using a two-dimensional fuel-air curve
An engine control strategy that ensures that NOx emissions from the engine will be maintained at an acceptable level. The control strategy is based on a two-dimensional fuel-air curve, in which air manifold pressure (AMP) is a function of fuel header pressure and engine speed. The control strategy provides for closed loop NOx adjustment to a base AMP value derived from the fuel-air curve.
Bourn, Gary D.; Smith, Jack A.; Gingrich, Jess W.
Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: 1992 emissions report
This report presents the 1992 Air Emission Inventory for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Originally, this report was in response to the Environmental Oversight and Monitoring Agreement in 1989 between the State of Idaho and the Department of Energy Idaho Field Office, and a request from the Idaho Air Quality Bureau. The current purpose of the Air Emission Inventory is to provide the basis for the preparation of the INEL Permit-to-Operate (PTO) an Air Emission Source Application, as required by the recently promulgated Title V regulations of the Clean Air Act. This report includes emissions calculations from 1989 to 1992. The Air Emission Inventory System, an ORACLE-based database system, maintains the emissions inventory.
Stirrup, T.S.
Kinetic Modeling of Gasoline Surrogate Components and Mixtures under Engine Conditions
Real fuels are complex mixtures of thousands of hydrocarbon compounds including linear and branched paraffins, naphthenes, olefins and aromatics. It is generally agreed that their behavior can be effectively reproduced by simpler fuel surrogates containing a limited number of components. In this work, an improved version of the kinetic model by the authors is used to analyze the combustion behavior of several components relevant to gasoline surrogate formulation. Particular attention is devoted to linear and branched saturated hydrocarbons (PRF mixtures), olefins (1-hexene) and aromatics (toluene). Model predictions for pure components, binary mixtures and multicomponent gasoline surrogates are compared with recent experimental information collected in rapid compression machine, shock tube and jet stirred reactors covering a wide range of conditions pertinent to internal combustion engines (3-50 atm, 650-1200K, stoichiometric fuel/air mixtures). Simulation results are discussed focusing attention on the mixing effects of the fuel components.
Mehl, M; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Curran, H J
Theoretical Study of a Novel Control Method of VAV Air-conditioning System Based on MATLAB
). If the system can be transformed into linear system by mathematic method, control strategy will be simplified. It is noted that differential geometry theory is applicable to simplify the system described by equation (4). 3. DIFFERENTIABLE HOMEOMORPHI..., stability and other aspects. Key words: VAV; differentiable homeomorphism; nonlinear feedback; simulation 1. INTRODUCTION In order to maintain indoor air temperature at set value, there are two methods in the air-conditioning system. One method...
Shi, Z.; Hu, S.; Wang, G.; Li, A.
A diffusion approximation approach to stochastic modeling of air conditioning type loads
that the air conditioning unit is on and off. In the followino equations, TNIN and TNAX are the lower and upper limit temperatures of the thermostat deadband and To is the outside temperature. Gi 2Gw To Tw Cw Ci $ QeXt To - outside temperature Tw - wall... temperature Ti - inside temperature Gw ? thermal conductance of wall Gi - thermal conductance of air Cw - thermal capacitance of wall Ci ? thermal capacitance of air Qe - rated capacity of cooling unit Xt - zero-one process describing the switching...
Roy, Teresa Henryka
Influence Of Upper Air Conditions On The Patagonia Icefields L. A. Rasmussen, H. Conway, C. F. Raymond
Influence Of Upper Air Conditions On The Patagonia Icefields L. A. Rasmussen, H. Conway, C. F, Second Fig ABSTRACT. Upper-air conditions archived in the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis have been used cannot be determined, so the investigation is limited to examining relative changes in those upper air
Rasmussen, L.A.
The effect of hardware configuration on the performance of residential air conditioning systems at high outdoor ambient temperatures
A study was performed which investigated the effect of hardware configuration on air conditioning cooling system performance at high outdoor temperatures. The initial phase of the investigation involved the testing of ten residential air...
Bain, Joel Alan
Performance and evaluation of gas-engine-driven split-system cooling equipment at the Willow Grove Naval Air Station
DOE`s Federal Energy Management Program supports efforts to reduce energy use and associated expenditures within the federal sector; one such effort, the New Technology Demonstration Program (NTDP)(formerly the Test Bed Demonstration program), seeks to evaluate new energy saving US technologies and secure their more timely adoption by the federal government. This report describes the field evaluation conducted to examine the performance of a 15-ton natural-gas-engine- driven, split-system, air-conditioning unit. The unit was installed at a multiple-use building at Willow Grove Naval Air Station, a regular and reserve training facility north of Philadelphia, and its performance was monitored under the NTDP.
Armstrong, P.R.; Schmelzer, J.R.
Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende NewSowitecAWSAgri-Energy LLCAir Energy GmbH Jump to:Engineer
The Influence of Air-Conditioning Efficiency in the Peak Load Demand for Kuwait
A model co-relating the peak load demand of a utility with the allowable power rating (PR) of air-conditioning (AC) systems has been developed in this paper through a well defined methodology. The model is capable to predict the extent of allowable...
Ali, A. A.; Maheshwari, G. P.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of the Combined Evaporative Cooling and Radiant Ceiling Air-conditioning System
, and the ceiling cooling system deals with the other part of sensible loads in the air-conditioned zone, so that the condensation on radiant panels and the insufficiency of cooling capacity can be avoided. The cooling water at 18? used in the cooling coils...
Xiang, H.; Yinming, L.; Junmei, W.
Start-Up of Air Conditioning Systems After Periods of Shutdown (Humidity Considerations)
In many cases the single most important energy conservation measure that can be taken is to turn equipment off when it is not needed. In the case of air conditioning, this generally means turning it off when occupants leave and turning it back...
Todd, T. R.
Air Conditioner Efficiency Under Hot Dry and Hot Humid Conditions - The Utility Perspective
Air Conditioner Efficiency under Hot Dry and Hot Humid Conditions - The Utility Perspective Ammi Amarnath Technical Leader, Energy Efficiency & Demand Response Program Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, CA... are summarized below. Recommendations ? Establish a utility and energy efficiency agency coordinating council for regional standards; ? Identify regional centers to provide the institutional support; ? Develop recommended best practices for regionally based...
Amarnath, A.
Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response
1 Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response Wei Zhang, Member, IEEE Abstract--Demand response is playing an increasingly impor- tant role in the efficient loads is especially important to evaluate the effec- tiveness of various demand response strategies
Smart Operations of Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems in Government Buildings for Peak Power Reduction
During the summer 2007 smart operation strategies for air-conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems were developed and tested in a number of governmental buildings in Kuwait as one of the solutions to reduce the national peak demand for electrical...
Al-Hadban, Y.; Maheshwari, G. P.; Al-Nakib, D.; Al-Mulla, A.; Alasseri, R.
Proceedings of the 1993 non-fluorocarbon insulation, refrigeration and air conditioning technology workshop
Sessions included: HFC blown polyurethanes, carbon dioxide blown foam and extruded polystyrenes, plastic foam insulations, evacuated panel insulation, refrigeration and air conditioning, absorption and adsorption and stirling cycle refrigeration, innovative cooling technologies, and natural refrigerants. Selected papers have been indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Comment submitted by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) regarding the Energy Star Verification Testing Program
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
This document is a comment submitted by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) regarding the Energy Star Verification Testing Program
Ocean and Resources Engineering is the application of ocean science and engineering to the challenging conditions
engineering, mixing and transport, water quality, ocean thermal energy conversion, hydrogen. GENO PAWLAK
Study of solar-assisted thermoelectric technology for automobile air conditioning
An analytical study was conducted to determine the feasibility of employing solar energy assisted thermoelectric (TE) cooling technology in automobile air conditioners. The study addressed two key issues -- power requirements and availability of thermoelectric materials. In this paper a mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of TE air conditioners and to analyze power consumption. Results show that the power required to deliver a cooling capacity of 4 kW (13,680 Btu/h) in a 38 C (100 F) environment will be 9.5 kW electric. Current TE modules suitable for air conditioning are made of bismuth telluride. The element tellurium is expected to be in short supply if TE cooling is widely implemented for auto air conditioning; some options available in this regard were studied and presented in this paper. The photovoltaic (PV) cells, assumed to cover the roof area of a compact car can only generate about 225 W. However, this is more than enough to power a fan to provide air ventilation to the car interior which significantly reduces the peak cooling load when the car is parked in bright sunlight.
Mei, V.C.; Chen, F.C. [Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Mathiprakasam, B.; Heenan, P. [Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO (United States)
Demonstration of Air-Power-Assist Engine Technology for Clean Combustion and Direct Energy Recovery in Heavy Duty Application
The first phase of the project consists of four months of applied research, starting from September 1, 2005 and was completed by December 31, 2005. During this time, the project team heavily relied on highly detailed numerical modeling techniques to evaluate the feasibility of the APA technology. Specifically, (i) A GT-Power{sup TM}engine simulation model was constructed to predict engine efficiency at various operating conditions. Efficiency was defined based on the second-law thermodynamic availability. (ii) The engine efficiency map generated by the engine simulation was then fed into a simplified vehicle model, which was constructed in the Matlab/Simulink environment, to predict fuel consumption of a refuse truck on a simple collection cycle. (iii) Design and analysis work supporting the concept of retrofitting an existing Sturman Industries Hydraulic Valve Actuation (HVA) system with the modifications that are required to run the HVA system with Air Power Assist functionality. A Matlab/Simulink model was used to calculate the dynamic response of the HVA system. Computer aided design (CAD) was done in Solidworks for mechanical design and hydraulic layout. At the end of Phase I, 11% fuel economy improvement was predicted. During Phase II, the engine simulation group completed the engine mapping work. The air handling group made substantial progress in identifying suppliers and conducting 3D modelling design. Sturman Industries completed design modification of the HVA system, which was reviewed and accepted by Volvo Powertrain. In Phase II, the possibility of 15% fuel economy improvement was shown with new EGR cooler design by reducing EGR cooler outlet temperature with APA engine technology from Air Handling Group. In addition, Vehicle Simulation with APA technology estimated 4 -21% fuel economy improvement over a wide range of driving cycles. During Phase III, the engine experimental setup was initiated at VPTNA, Hagerstown, MD. Air Handling system and HVA system were delivered to VPTNA and then assembly of APA engine was completed by June 2007. Functional testing of APA engine was performed and AC and AM modes testing were completed by October 2007. After completing testing, data analysis and post processing were performed. Especially, the models were instrumental in identifying some of the key issues with the experimental HVA system. Based upon the available engine test results during AC and AM modes, the projected fuel economy improvement over the NY composite cycle is 14.7%. This is close to but slightly lower than the originally estimated 18% from ADVISOR simulation. The APA project group demonstrated the concept of APA technology by using simulation and experimental testing. However, there are still exists of technical challenges to meet the original expectation of APA technology. The enabling technology of this concept, i.e. a fully flexible valve actuation system that can handle high back pressure from the exhaust manifold is identified as one of the major technical challenges for realizing the APA concept.
Hyungsuk Kang; Chun Tai
INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE CF-6R-MECH-08 Ice Storage Air Conditioning (ISAC) Units (Page 1 of 2)
cooling with the compressor). Yes No #12;INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE CF-6R-MECH-08 Ice Storage AirINSTALLATION CERTIFICATE CF-6R-MECH-08 Ice Storage Air Conditioning (ISAC) Units (Page 1 of 2) Site Address: Enforcement Agency: Permit Number: 2008 Residential Compliance Forms August 2009 Ice Storage Air
Low-Flow Liquid Desiccant Air-Conditioning: Demonstrated Performance and Cost Implications
Cooling loads must be dramatically reduced when designing net-zero energy buildings or other highly efficient facilities. Advances in this area have focused primarily on reducing a building's sensible cooling loads by improving the envelope, integrating properly sized daylighting systems, adding exterior solar shading devices, and reducing internal heat gains. As sensible loads decrease, however, latent loads remain relatively constant, and thus become a greater fraction of the overall cooling requirement in highly efficient building designs, particularly in humid climates. This shift toward latent cooling is a challenge for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Traditional systems typically dehumidify by first overcooling air below the dew-point temperature and then reheating it to an appropriate supply temperature, which requires an excessive amount of energy. Another dehumidification strategy incorporates solid desiccant rotors that remove water from air more efficiently; however, these systems are large and increase fan energy consumption due to the increased airside pressure drop of solid desiccant rotors. A third dehumidification strategy involves high flow liquid desiccant systems. These systems require a high maintenance separator to protect the air distribution system from corrosive desiccant droplet carryover and so are more commonly used in industrial applications and rarely in commercial buildings. Both solid desiccant systems and most high-flow liquid desiccant systems (if not internally cooled) add sensible energy which must later be removed to the air stream during dehumidification, through the release of sensible heat during the sorption process.
Kozubal, E.; Herrmann, L.; Deru, M.; Clark, J.; Lowenstein, A.
The Technical and Economical Analysis of the Air-conditioning System Usage in Residential Buildings in Beijing
In this paper, we show that the air-conditioning usage in residential buildings in Beijing grows rapidly in relation to the development of civil construction. More and more people are not satisfied with the current style of only using split air-conditioning...
Sheng, G.; Xie, G.
Development of a high efficiency compressor/expander for an air cycle air conditioning system. Final report
This document presents the methods and procedures used and the results obtained in the design, fabrication, and testing of a rotary vane type compressor operated on air cycle thermodynamics. The history and results of the testing of a similar expander are summarized and the full report of that work is referenced. The machine design used was based on one patented by Ecton Corporation. The goal of the reported effort was to demonstrate the attainable efficiencies of these machines. Appropriate test rigs were assembled and the machines were tested at various operating conditions. The compressor testing did not achieve the full design speed because of time constraints but important data was obtained at 87% speed (3000 rpm). The maximum measured total efficiencies were 78% for the expander and 71% for the compressor. Various design improvements which may yield improved performance were identified and reported.
Summers, R.L.; Smolinski, R.E.
Selection of Light Duty Truck Engine Air Systems Using Virtual Lab Tests
An integrated development approach using seasoned engine technology methodologies, virtual lab parametric investigations, and selected hardware verification tests reflects today's state-of-the-art R&D trends. This presentation will outline such a strategy. The use of this ''Wired'' approach results in substantial reduction in the development cycle time and hardware iterations. An example showing the virtual lab application for a viable design of the air-exhaust-turbocharger system of a light duty truck engine for personal transportation will be presented.
Zhang, Houshun
Energy Performance Comparison of Heating and Air Conditioning Systems for Multi-Family Residential Buildings
The type of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system has a large impact on the heating and cooling energy consumption in multifamily residential buildings. This paper compares the energy performance of three HVAC systems: a direct expansion (DX) split system, a split air source heat pump (ASHP) system, and a closed-loop water source heat pump (WSHP) system with a boiler and an evaporative fluid cooler as the central heating and cooling source. All three systems use gas furnace for heating or heating backup. The comparison is made in a number of scenarios including different climate conditions, system operation schemes and applicable building codes. It is found that with the minimum code-compliant equipment efficiency, ASHP performs the best among all scenarios except in extremely code climates. WSHP tends to perform better than the split DX system in cold climates but worse in hot climates.
Wang, Weimin; Zhang, Jian; Jiang, Wei; Liu, Bing
Identification of the Flow Resistance Coefficient and Validation of a Building Air Conditioning System
for HRC estimation is investigated in this paper. And some conclusions can be got as follows: 1) The MGO method is applicable for S value identification. The method is based on the principle for multi goal optimization. The process can be widely used...ICEBO2006, Shenzhen, China HVAC Technologies for Energy Efficiency, Vol. IV-11-2 Zhijian Hou Identification of the Flow Resistance Coefficient and Validation of a Building Air Conditioning System Zhiwei Lian...
Hou, Z.; Lian, Z.
Comparison of global warming impacts of automobile air-conditioning concepts
The global warming impacts of conventional vapor compression automobile air conditioning using HFC-134a are compared with the potential impacts of four alternative concepts. Comparisons are made on the basis of total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) which accounts for the effects of refrigerant emissions, energy use to provide comfort cooling, and fuel consumed to transport the weight of the air conditioning system. Under the most favorable assumptions on efficiency and weight, transcritical compression using CO{sub 2} as the refrigerant and adsorption cooling with water and zeolite beds could reduce TEWI by up to 18%rlative to HFC-134a compression air conditioning. Other assumptions on weight and efficiency lead to significant increases in TEWI relative to HFC-134a, and it is impossible to determine which set of assumptios is valid from existing data, Neither Stirling cycle or thermoelectric cooling will reduce TEWI relative to EFC-134a. Brief comments are also made concerning technical barriers that must be overcome for succesful development of the new technologies.
Increased Efficiency in SI Engine with Air Replaced by Oxygen in Argon Mixture
Basic engine thermodynamics predicts that spark ignited engine efficiency is a function of both the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. In practice the compression ratio of the engine is often limited due to knock. Both higher specific heat ratio and higher compression ratio lead to higher end gas temperatures and increase the likelihood of knock. In actual engine cycles, heat transfer losses increase at higher compression ratios and limit efficiency even when the knock limit is not reached. In this paper we investigate the role of both the compression ratio and the specific heat ratio on engine efficiency by conducting experiments comparing operation of a single-cylinder variable-compression-ratio engine with both hydrogen-air and hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures. For low load operation it is found that the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures result in higher indicated thermal efficiencies. Peak efficiency for the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures is found at compression ratio 5.5 whereas for the hydrogen-air mixture with an equivalence ratio of 0.24 the peak efficiency is found at compression ratio 13. We apply a three-zone model to help explain the effects of specific heat ratio and compression ratio on efficiency. Operation with hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures at low loads is more efficient because the lower compression ratio results in a substantially larger portion of the gas to reside in the adiabatic core rather than in the boundary layer and in the crevices, leading to less heat transfer and more complete combustion.
Killingsworth, N J; Rapp, V H; Flowers, D L; Aceves, S M; Chen, J; Dibble, R
Creep-rupture and fractographic analysis of candidate Stirling engine superalloys tested in air
The creep-rupture behavior of six candidate Stirling engine iron-base superalloys was determined in air. The alloys tested included four wrought alloys (A-286, INCOLOY Alloy 800H, N-155, and 19-9DL) and two cast alloys (CRM-6D and XF-818). The wrought alloys were evaluated in the form of sheet; the cast alloy specimens were investment cast to shape. The creep-rupture specimens were tested in air for up to 3000 hours over the temperature range 650/sup 0/ to 925/sup 0/C. Microstructural and fractographic aspects of the ruptured specimens are discussed with a few correlational graphical analyses included for XF-818 and 19-9DL. Tests are continuing in 15 MPa hydrogen, and later these data will be correlated with air data and microstructural analysis of the specimens conducted.
Bhattachryya, S.
Experimental and computational study of soot formation under diesel engine conditions
Past research has shown that during diesel combustion, soot is formed in local premixed fuel-rich regions. This project focuses on the fundamentals soot formation under fuel-rich conditions similar to those in diesel engine ...
Kitsopanidis, Ioannis, 1975-
The Histoty of Ventilation and Air Conditioning is CERN Up to Date with the latest Technological Developments?
The invention of ventilation cannot be ascribed to a certain date. It started with simple aeration when man brought fire into his abode and continued through different stages including air cooling using ice to finally arrive at the time when ventilation and air conditioning has become an essential part of our life and plays an important role in human evolution. This paper presents the history of ventilation and air conditioning, explains the key constraints over the centuries, and shows its influence on everyday life. Some examples of previous air-conditioning plants are described and different approaches to the way of calculation of ventilation systems discussed. It gives an overview of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) installations at CERN and points out their particularities. It also compares them with the latest technological developments in the field as well as showing the new trends that are being applied at CERN.
K�hnl-Kinel, J
Influence of EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) on Engine Components Durability & Lubricating Oil Condition
Abstract��Diesel engines are extensively used in automotive systems due to their low fuel consumption and very low CO emissions. Despite of these advantages, diesel engines suffer from environmental and health drawbacks such as high levels of NOx and particulate matter. Exhaust Gas Recirculation ( EGR) is an effective technique which is being used widely to control the NOx emissions from diesel engines. However, the use of EGR leads to rise in soot emission and it causes the problems inside the engine like degradation of lubricating oil, enhanced engine component wear etc. Therefore, it requires a study of influence of EGR on engine components and lubricating oil. This can be achieved only with different experimental investigation. In the present work, Engine test and Tribology test with lubricants ( Without EGR and With EGR) have been carried out to evaluate the effect of EGR on tribo- characteristics of engine components and lubricating oil condition. Influencing parameters like load, speed, temperature were selected as per the engine components operating condition. Friction and wear characteristics were measured and compared with the actual engine wear results to validate the test parameters. I.
Mrs Rita; S. Pimpalkar
million for Air Force project · Biological Systems Engineering uses MRI machine to further tissue studies: Engineering Extraordinary Students Enjoy a selection of stories about some of the amazing students® ENGINEERING NEBRASKA@ ENGINEERING EXTRAORDINARY STUDENTS AlSO INSIDE: BSEN INNOVATES WITH MRI
Farritor, Shane
An Analysis of Price Determination and Markups in the Air-Conditioning and Heating Equipment Industry
In this report we calculate the change in final consumer prices due to minimum efficiency standards, focusing on a standard economic model of the air-conditioning and heating equipment (ACHE) wholesale industry. The model examines the relationship between the marginal cost to distribute and sell equipment and the final consumer price in this industry. The model predicts that the impact of a standard on the final consumer price is conditioned by its impact on marginal distribution costs. For example, if a standard raises the marginal cost to distribute and sell equipment a small amount, the model predicts that the standard will raise the final consumer price a small amount as well. Statistical analysis suggest that standards do not increase the amount of labor needed to distribute equipment the same employees needed to sell lower efficiency equipment can sell high efficiency equipment. Labor is a large component of the total marginal cost to distribute and sell air-conditioning and heating equipment. We infer from this that standards have a relatively small impact on ACHE marginal distribution and sale costs. Thus, our model predicts that a standard will have a relatively small impact on final ACHE consumer prices. Our statistical analysis of U.S. Census Bureau wholesale revenue tends to confirm this model prediction. Generalizing, we find that the ratio of manufacturer price to final consumer price prior to a standard tends to exceed the ratio of the change in manufacturer price to the change in final consumer price resulting from a standard. The appendix expands our analysis through a typical distribution chain for commercial and residential air-conditioning and heating equipment.
Dale, Larry; Millstein, Dev; Coughlin, Katie; Van Buskirk, Robert; Rosenquist, Gregory; Lekov, Alex; Bhuyan, Sanjib
LiCl Dehumidifier LiBr absorption chiller hybrid air conditioning system with energy recovery
This invention relates to a hybrid air conditioning system that combines a solar powered LiCl dehumidifier with a LiBr absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier removes the latent load by absorbing moisture from the air, and the sensible load is removed by the absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier is coupled to a regenerator and the desiccant in the regenerator is heated by solar heated hot water to drive the moisture therefrom before being fed back to the dehumidifier. The heat of vaporization expended in the desiccant regenerator is recovered and used to partially preheat the driving fluid of the absorption chiller, thus substantially improving the overall COP of the hybrid system.
Ko, Suk M. (Huntsville, AL)
Cascade Reverse Osmosis Air Conditioning System: Cascade Reverse Osmosis and the Absorption Osmosis Cycle
BEETIT Project: Battelle is developing a new air conditioning system that uses a cascade reverse osmosis (RO)-based absorption cycle. Analyses show that this new cycle can be as much as 60% more efficient than vapor compression, which is used in 90% of air conditioners. Traditional vapor-compression systems use polluting liquids for a cooling effect. Absorption cycles use benign refrigerants such as water, which is absorbed in a salt solution and pumped as liquid�replacing compression of vapor. The refrigerant is subsequently separated from absorbing salt using heat for re-use in the cooling cycle. Battelle is replacing thermal separation of refrigerant with a more efficient reverse osmosis process. Research has shown that the cycle is possible, but further investment will be needed to reduce the number of cascade reverse osmosis stages and therefore cost.
Proposal for a Vehicle Level Test Procedure to Measure Air Conditioning Fuel Use
The air-conditioning (A/C) compressor load significantly impacts the fuel economy of conventional vehicles and the fuel use/range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). A National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) vehicle performance analysis shows the operation of the air conditioner reduces the charge depletion range of a 40-mile range PHEV from 18% to 30% in a worst case hot environment. Designing for air conditioning electrical loads impacts PHEV and electric vehicle (EV) energy storage system size and cost. While automobile manufacturers have climate control procedures to assess A/C performance, and the U.S. EPA has the SCO3 drive cycle to measure indirect A/C emissions, there is no automotive industry consensus on a vehicle level A/C fuel use test procedure. With increasing attention on A/C fuel use due to increased regulatory activities and the development of PHEVs and EVs, a test procedure is needed to accurately assess the impact of climate control loads. A vehicle thermal soak period is recommended, with solar lamps that meet the SCO3 requirements or an alternative heating method such as portable electric heaters. After soaking, the vehicle is operated over repeated drive cycles or at a constant speed until steady-state cabin air temperature is attained. With this method, the cooldown and steady-state A/C fuel use are measured. This method can be run at either different ambient temperatures to provide data for the GREEN-MAC-LCCP model temperature bins or at a single representative ambient temperature. Vehicles with automatic climate systems are allowed to control as designed, while vehicles with manual climate systems are adjusted to approximate expected climate control settings. An A/C off test is also run for all drive profiles. This procedure measures approximate real-world A/C fuel use and assess the impact of thermal load reduction strategies.
Rugh, J. P.
Commentary: Air-conditioning as a risk for increased use of healthservices
In this issue of the journal, Preziosi et al. [2004] report the first study to assess differences in the utilization of health care related to the presence of air-conditioning in office workplaces. Although the study was simple and cross-sectional, the data variables from questionnaires, and the findings subject to a variety of questions, the findings are striking enough to deserve clarification. The study used a large random national sample of French women assembled for another purpose (to study antioxidant nutrients and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease). Participants reported health services and health events in monthly questionnaires over 1 year, and in one questionnaire in the middle of that period also reported whether air-conditioning was in use at their workplace. Fifteen percent of participants reported air-conditioning at work. Analyses adjusting for age and smoking status of participants found increases in most outcomes assessed: use of specific kinds of physicians, sickness absence, and hospital stays. While the increases in odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were statistically significant for only otorhinolaryngology [OR (95% CI) = 2.33 (1.35-4.04)] and sickness absence [1.70 (1.13-2.58)], other increases were notable--dermatology [1.6 (0.98-2.65)]; hospital stay [1.51 (0.92-2.45)], and pneumonology [2.10 (0.65-6.82)]. The least elevated outcomes were for general practice medicine [0.99 (0.65-1.48)] and global medical visits [1.18 (0.67-2.07)]. [Preziosi et al., 2004 ,(Table 2)] Odds ratios for relatively common health outcomes often lie farther from the null than the risk ratios most useful for quantifying the increase in risk. Risk ratios, or prevalence ratios (PRs, the equivalent measure of effect for cross-sectional data), have seldom been used because of the convenience and availability of logistic regression models that estimate odds ratios. With baseline prevalences ranging up to 85.7% in the data from Preziosi et al. [2004], PRs allow a more appropriate estimate of the increase in each outcome associated with the risk factor of air-conditioning. The increase in prevalence was roughly estimated as [100* (crude PR * adjusted OR/crude OR)-100] %. Based on the data in Table 2 of Preziosi et al. [ 2004], estimates for the increased prevalence associated with air-conditioned offices include increases of 120% in otorhinolaryngology visits, and 40% in sickness absence. If these associated increases represented valid causal relationships, it would indicate enormous costs for employers and for society associated with air-conditioning systems, from increased health care and for reduced workplace productivity from sickness absence, in addition to a large burden of disease on workers.
Mendell, Mark J.
Demand response is playing an increasingly important role in the efficient and reliable operation of the electric grid. Modeling the dynamic behavior of a large population of responsive loads is especially important to evaluate the effectiveness of various demand response strategies. In this paper, a highly-accurate aggregated model is developed for a population of air conditioning loads. The model effectively includes statistical information of the population, systematically deals with load heterogeneity, and accounts for second-order dynamics necessary to accurately capture the transient dynamics in the collective response. Based on the model, a novel aggregated control strategy is designed for the load population under realistic conditions. The proposed controller is fully responsive and achieves the control objective without sacrificing end-use performance. The proposed aggregated modeling and control strategies are validated through realistic simulations using GridLAB-D. Extensive simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively manage a large number of air conditioning systems to provide various demand response services, such as frequency regulation and peak load reduction.
Zhang, Wei; Lian, Jianming; Chang, Chin-Yao; Kalsi, Karanjit
Fuel-Free Compressed-Air Energy Storage: Fuel-Free, Ubiquitous Compressed-Air Energy Storage and Power Conditioning
GRIDS Project: General Compression has developed a transformative, near-isothermal compressed air energy storage system (GCAES) that prevents air from heating up during compression and cooling down during expansion. When integrated with renewable generation, such as a wind farm, intermittent energy can be stored in compressed air in salt caverns or pressurized tanks. When electricity is needed, the process is reversed and the compressed air is expanded to produce electricity. Unlike conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) projects, no gas is burned to convert the stored high-pressure air back into electricity. The result of this breakthrough is an ultra-efficient, fully shapeable, 100% renewable and carbon-free power product. The GCAES� system can provide high quality electricity and ancillary services by effectively integrating renewables onto the grid at a cost that is competitive with gas, coal and nuclear generation.
Energy Conservation and Comfort of Heat Pump Desiccant Air Conditioning System in Actual Living Space in Summer
Energy Conservation and Comfort of Heat Pump Desiccant Air Conditioning System in Actual Living and total heat exchanger in terms of both energy conservation and thermal comfort in summer. 1. COP
Miyashita, Yasushi
Experimental Research and Performance Analysis of a Solar-Powered Air-conditioning System in a Green Building
Based on the green building of the Shanghai Institute of Architectural Science, a solar-powered adsorption air-conditioning system was designed. The operational performance under a typical operating mode in summer was studied, which includes...
Zhai, X.; Wang, R.; Dai, Y.; Wu, J.
Smart Operations of Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems in a Government Buildings for Peak Power Reduction
This paper presents the achievements of implementing smart operations strategies for air-conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems in Justice Palace Complex (JPC), Kuwait during the summer 2007. The peak load of this building was 3700 k...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air service management Sample Search Results
2010 Summary: Management Policy: 2.1 ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Engineers 2... of the supplied air with the air already in the room. 3.0...
Multi-SISO Robust Crone Design for the Air Path Control of a Diesel Engine G. Colin*, P. Lanusse**, A. Louzimi*,
Multi-SISO Robust Crone Design for the Air Path Control of a Diesel Engine G. Colin*, P. Lanusse is the air path control of a turbocharged diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Simulation, considering the air path control, the manipulated variables are the wastegate and the EGR valve
Advances in the development of energy efficient technologies: Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
Sea water air conditioning (SWAC) is a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to and/or enhancement of air conditioning from mechanical chillers. SWAC pumps cold sea water from the appropriate ocean depths (50 to 3,000 feet depending on the climate and local characteristics) to the shore where it replaces (by direct cooling) or enhances (through use as condenser water) large mechanical chillers found in coastal facilities. SWAC direct cooling uses less than twenty per cent of the electricity of a mechanical chiller and uses no refrigerants whatsoever. Indirect cooling also offers substantial energy savings. Both systems dispense with the need for a cooling tower. Technical advances over the last twenty years in corrosion resistant alloys (titanium or aluminum), bio-fouling deterrence, and deep ocean pipeline deployment allow SWAC installations to use reliable, off-the-shelf technology. SWAC works in a variety of climates (existing installations are in Hawaii and Halifax, Nova Scotia), giving it significant domestic and international potential. Economy-of-scale advantages make it attractive to district cooling schemes.
Coony, J.E. [Boston Pacific Co., Inc., Washington, DC (United States)
Energy and global warming impacts of next generation refrigeration and air conditioning technologies
Significant developments have occurred in hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and the application of ammonia and hydrocarbons as refrigerant working fluids since the original TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) report in 1991. System operating and performance data on alternative refrigerants and refrigeration technologies justify and updated evaluation of these new alternative refrigerants and competing technologies in well-characterized applications. Analytical and experimental results are used to show quantitative comparisons between HFCS, HFC blends, hydrocarbons, and ammonia, used as refrigerants. An objective evaluation is presented for commercial and near commercial non-CFC refrigerants/blowing agents and alternative refrigeration technologies. This information is needed for objective and quantitative decisions on policies addressing greenhouse gas emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. The evaluation assesses the energy use and global warming impacts of refrigeration and air conditioning technologies that could be commercialized during the phase out of HCFCS. Quantitative comparison TEWI for two application areas are presented. Opportunities for significant reductions in TEWI are seen with currently known refrigerants through improved maintenance and servicing practices and improved product designs.
Sand, J.R.; Fischer, S.K.; Baxter, V.D.
Experimental investigation on the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system on water-heating mode
An experimental study on operation performance of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was conducted in this paper. The experimental system of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was set up. The performance parameters such as the evaporation pressure, the condensation pressure and the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump air-conditioning system, the water temperature and receiving heat capacity in water heater, the photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and the photovoltaic efficiency were investigated. The experimental results show that the mean photovoltaic efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar heat pump air-conditioning system reaches 10.4%, and can improve 23.8% in comparison with that of the conventional photovoltaic module, the mean COP of heat pump air-conditioning system may attain 2.88 and the water temperature in water heater can increase to 42 C. These results indicate that the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system has better performances and can stably work. (author)
Fang, Guiyin; Hu, Hainan; Liu, Xu [Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
Paper presented to . USAF Inaugural Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM) Workshop, October 21-23, 1997, San Diego, CA.
Paper presented to . USAF Inaugural Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM) Workshop, October 21-23, 1997 Engine Diagnosis using Artificial Neural Networks) will collect data in real time from onboard sensors and assess current and near-term engine health. The current annual/semiannual engine health check requires
E-Print Network 3.0 - air filter condition Sample Search Results
fans... , water treatment equipment, elevators (electric and hydraulic), sewer lift pumps, filter servicing in air... : Use of mechanical equipment such as refrigeration, air...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning energy Sample Search Results
Geosciences 3 Energy Efficient Process Heating: Managing Air Flow Kevin Carpenter and Kelly Kissock Summary: Energy Efficient Process Heating: Managing Air Flow Kevin Carpenter...
Expert system for the design of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. Master's thesis
Expert systems are computer programs that seek to mimic human reason. An expert system shelf, a software program commonly used for developing expert systems in a relatively short time, was used to develop a prototypical expert system for the design of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. Because HVAC design involves several related knowledge domains, developing an expert system for HVAC design requires the integration of several smaller expert systems known as knowledge bases. A menu program and several auxiliary programs for gathering data, completing calculations, printing project reports, and passing data between the knowledge bases are needed and have been developed to join the separate knowledge bases into one simple-to-use program unit.
Camejo, P.J.
Geomagnetic effects on cosmic ray propagation under different conditions for Buenos Aires and Marambio, Argentina
The geomagnetic field (Bgeo) sets a lower cutoff rigidity (Rc) to the entry of cosmic particles to Earth which depends on the geomagnetic activity. From numerical simulations of the trajectory of a proton using different models for Bgeo (performed with the MAGCOS code), we use backtracking to analyze particles arriving at the location of two nodes of the net LAGO (Large Aperture Gamma ray burst Observatory) that will be built in the near future: Buenos Aires and Marambio (Antarctica), Argentina. We determine the asymptotic trajectories and the values of Rc for different incidence directions, for each node. Simulations were done using several models for Bgeo that emulate different geomagnetic conditions. The presented results will help to make analysis of future observations of the flux of cosmic rays done at these two LAGO nodes.
Mas�as-Meza, Jimmy J
Evaluation Framework and Analyses for Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Packaged Air Conditioning
Few third-party guidance documents or tools are available for evaluating thermal energy storage (TES) integrated with packaged air conditioning (AC), as this type of TES is relatively new compared to TES integrated with chillers or hot water systems. To address this gap, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a project to improve the ability of potential technology adopters to evaluate TES technologies. Major project outcomes included: development of an evaluation framework to describe key metrics, methodologies, and issues to consider when assessing the performance of TES systems integrated with packaged AC; application of multiple concepts from the evaluation framework to analyze performance data from four demonstration sites; and production of a new simulation capability that enables modeling of TES integrated with packaged AC in EnergyPlus. This report includes the evaluation framework and analysis results from the project.
Kung, F.; Deru, M.; Bonnema, E.
Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Design of Central Air-Conditioning Water System
.25 150 121.86 0.1182 1.92 200 131.55 0.0218 376.9729 1.0864 19 19 20 4.5 150 99.58 0.1013 1.57 150 107.18 0.1013 1163.561 1.6857 20 20 21 1.8 80 22.29 0.965 1.17 65 24.28 2.3884 1408.019 1.8046 21 22 23 1 80 22.29 0.5361 1.17 80 24.24 0.5361 315.0493... Wuxi, P. R. China, 214122 Shanghai? P. R. China, 200070 email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Abstract: The optimal design of air-conditioning water system is an optimization problem of functions that depend on a series...
Feng, X.; Zou, Y.; Long, W.
NREL's Energy-Saving Technology for Air Conditioning Cuts Peak Power Loads Without Using Harmful Refrigerants (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet describes how the DEVAP air conditioner was invented, explains how the technology works, and why it won an R&D 100 Award. Desiccant-enhanced evaporative (DEVAP) air-conditioning will provide superior comfort for commercial buildings in any climate at a small fraction of the electricity costs of conventional air-conditioning equipment, releasing far less carbon dioxide and cutting costly peak electrical demand by an estimated 80%. Air conditioning currently consumes about 15% of the electricity generated in the United States and is a major contributor to peak electrical demand on hot summer days, which can lead to escalating power costs, brownouts, and rolling blackouts. DEVAP employs an innovative combination of air-cooling technologies to reduce energy use by up to 81%. DEVAP also shifts most of the energy needs to thermal energy sources, reducing annual electricity use by up to 90%. In doing so, DEVAP is estimated to cut peak electrical demand by nearly 80% in all climates. Widespread use of this cooling cycle would dramatically cut peak electrical loads throughout the country, saving billions of dollars in investments and operating costs for our nation's electrical utilities. Water is already used as a refrigerant in evaporative coolers, a common and widely used energy-saving technology for arid regions. The technology cools incoming hot, dry air by evaporating water into it. The energy absorbed by the water as it evaporates, known as the latent heat of vaporization, cools the air while humidifying it. However, evaporative coolers only function when the air is dry, and they deliver humid air that can lower the comfort level for building occupants. And even many dry climates like Phoenix, Arizona, have a humid season when evaporative cooling won't work well. DEVAP extends the applicability of evaporative cooling by first using a liquid desiccant-a water-absorbing material-to dry the air. The dry air is then passed to an indirect evaporative cooling stage, in which the incoming air is in thermal contact with a moistened surface that evaporates the water into a separate air stream. As the evaporation cools the moistened surface, it draws heat from the incoming air without adding humidity to it. A number of cooling cycles have been developed that employ indirect evaporative cooling, but DEVAP achieves a superior efficiency relative to its technological siblings.
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Controls to Improve Air-Handling System Performance
The performance of air-handling systems in buildings needs to be improved. Many of the deficiencies result from myths and lore and a lack of understanding about the non-linear physical principles embedded in the associated technologies. By incorporating these principles, a few important efforts related to diagnostics and controls have already begun to solve some of the problems. This paper illustrates three novel solutions: one rapidly assesses duct leakage, the second configures ad hoc duct-static-pressure reset strategies, and the third identifies useful intermittent ventilation strategies. By highlighting these efforts, this paper seeks to stimulate new research and technology developments that could further improve air-handling systems.
Wray, Craig; Wray, Craig P.; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, I.S.; Dickerhoff, D.J.; Federspiel, C.C.
Regression analysis of residential air-conditioning energy consumption at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
The energy consumption of a house air conditioner located at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, is modeled as a function of weather parameters and total (global) solar radiation on a horizontal surface. The selection of effective parameters that significantly influence energy consumption is carried out using general stepping regression methods. The problem of collinearity between the regressors is also investigated. The final model involves parameters of total solar radiation on a horizontal surface, wind speed, and temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor condition. However, the model coefficients are functions of relative humidity and/or temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor condition. Model adequacy is examined by the residual analysis technique. Model validation is carried out by the data-splitting technique. The sensitivity of the model indicates that relative humidity and temperature difference strongly influence the cooling energy consumption. It was found that an increase in relative humidity from 20% to 100% can cause a 100% increase in cooling energy consumption during the high cooling season.
Abdel-Nabi, D.Y.; Zubair, S.M.; Abdelrahman, M.A.; Bahel, V. (Energy Systems Group, Div. of Energy Resources, Research Inst., King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran (SA))
This paper presents a freely available Modelica library for building heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The library is based on the Modelica.Fluid library. It has been developed to support research and development of integrated building energy and control systems. The primary applications are controls design, energy analysis and model-based operation. The library contains dynamic and steady-state component models that are applicable for analyzing fast transients when designing control algorithms and for conducting annual simulations when assessing energy performance. For most models, dimensional analysis is used to compute the performance for operating points that differ from nominal conditions. This allows parameterizing models in the absence of detailed geometrical information which is often impractical to obtain during the conceptual design phase of building systems. In the first part of this paper, the library architecture and the main classes are described. In the second part, an example is presented in which we implemented a model of a hydronic heating system with thermostatic radiator valves and thermal energy storage.
Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions from Next-Generation Mobile Air Conditioning Technology in India
Up to 19.4% of vehicle fuel consumption in India is devoted to air conditioning (A/C). Indian A/C fuel consumption is almost four times the fuel penalty in the United States and close to six times that in the European Union because India's temperature and humidity are higher and because road congestion forces vehicles to operate inefficiently. Car A/C efficiency in India is an issue worthy of national attention considering the rate of increase of A/C penetration into the new car market, India's hot climatic conditions and high fuel costs. Car A/C systems originally posed an ozone layer depletion concern. Now that industrialized and many developing countries have moved away from ozone-depleting substances per Montreal Protocol obligations, car A/C impact on climate has captured the attention of policy makers and corporate leaders. Car A/C systems have a climate impact from potent global warming potential gas emissions and from fuel used to power the car A/Cs. This paper focuses on car A/C fuel consumption in the context of the rapidly expanding Indian car market and how new technological improvements can result in significant fuel savings and consequently, emission reductions. A 19.4% fuel penalty is associated with A/C use in the typical Indian passenger car. Car A/C fuel use and associated tailpipe emissions are strong functions of vehicle design, vehicle use, and climate conditions. Several techniques: reducing thermal load, improving vehicle design, improving occupants thermal comfort design, improving equipment, educating consumers on impacts of driver behaviour on MAC fuel use, and others - can lead to reduced A/C fuel consumption.
Chaney, L.; Thundiyil, K.; Andersen, S.; Chidambaram, S.; Abbi, Y. P.
Creep-rupture behavior of six candidate Stirling engine superalloys tested in air
The creep-rupture behavior of six candidate Stirling engine iron-base superalloys was determined in air. The alloys included four wrought alloys (A-286, Alloy 800H, N-155, and 19-9DL) and two cast alloys (CRM-6D and XF-818). The specimens were tested to rupture for times up to 3000 h at 650/sup 0/ to 925/sup 0/C. Rupture life (t /SUB r/ ), minimum creep rate (epsilon /SUB m/ ), and time to 1 percent creep strain (t /SUB 1/100/ ) were statistically analyzed as a function of stress and temperature. Estimated stress levels at different temperatures to obtain 3500 h t /SUB r/ and t /SUB 1/100/ lives were determined. These data will be compared with similar data being obtained under 15 MPa hydrogen.
Bhattacharyya, S.
Global warming impacts of ozone-safe refrigerants and refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning technologies
International agreements mandate the phase-out of many chlorine containing compounds that are used as the working fluid in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heating equipment. Many of the chemical compounds that have been proposed, and are being used in place of the class of refrigerants eliminated by the Montreal Protocol are now being questioned because of their possible contributions to global warming. Natural refrigerants are put forth as inherently superior to manufactured refrigerants because they have very low or zero global warming potentials (GWPs). Questions are being raised about whether or not these manufactured refrigerants, primarily hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), should be regulated and perhaps phased out in much the same manner as CFCs and HCFCs. Several of the major applications of refrigerants are examined in this paper and the results of an analysis of their contributions to greenhouse warming are presented. Supermarket refrigeration is shown to be an application where alternative technologies have the potential to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) significantly with no clear advantage to either natural or HFC refrigerants. Mixed results are presented for automobile air conditioners with opportunities to reduce GHG emissions dependent on climate and comfort criteria. GHG emissions for hermetic and factory built systems (i.e. household refrigerators/freezers, unitary equipment, chillers) are shown to be dominated by energy use with much greater potential for reduction through efficiency improvements than by selection of refrigerant. The results for refrigerators also illustrate that hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide blown foam insulation have lower overall effects on GHG emissions than HFC blown foams at the cost of increased energy use.
Fischer, S.; Sand, J.; Baxter, V.
Energy Savings and Economics of Advanced Control Strategies for Packaged Air-Conditioning Units with Gas Heat
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Program (BTP) evaluated a number of control strategies that can be implemented in a controller, to improve the operational efficiency of the packaged air conditioning units. The two primary objectives of this research project are: (1) determine the magnitude of energy savings achievable by retrofitting existing packaged air conditioning units with advanced control strategies not ordinarily used for packaged units and (2) estimating what the installed cost of a replacement control with the desired features should be in various regions of the U.S. This document reports results of the study.
Wang, Weimin; Katipamula, Srinivas; Huang, Yunzhi; Brambley, Michael R.
Cylinder Pressures and Vibration in Internal Combustion Engine Condition G O Chandroth, A J C Sharkey and N E Sharkey
Cylinder Pressures and Vibration in Internal Combustion Engine Condition Monitoring G O Chandroth focus on the detection of incipient faults in an internal combustion engine using a minimum number. The cylinder pressure (P) developed within an internal combustion engine can be considered to be the pulse
Sharkey, Amanda
Vehicle Technologies Office 2013 Merit Review: A MultiAir / MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency
A presentation given by Chrysler at the 2013 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Program Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting on its project to research a multi-air and multi-fuel approach to improving engine efficiency.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning deactivation Sample Search...
and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo Collection: Materials Science ; Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 2 Extension Note Research Disciplines: Ecology...
Reduced chemistry for a gasoline surrogate valid at engine-relevant conditions
A detailed mechanism for the four-component gasoline surrogate developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has shown good agreement with experiments in engine-relevant conditions. However, with 1388 species and 5933 reversible reactions, this detailed mechanism is far too large to use in practical engine simulations. Therefore, reduction of the detailed mechanism was performed using a multi-stage approach consisting of the DRGEPSA method, unimportant reaction elimination, isomer lumping, and analytic QSS reduction based on CSP analysis. A new greedy sensitivity analysis algorithm was developed and demonstrated to be capable of removing more species for the same error limit compared to the conventional sensitivity analysis used in DRG-based skeletal reduction methods. Using this new greedy algorithm, several skeletal and reduced mechanisms were developed at varying levels of complexity and for different target condition ranges. The final skeletal and reduced mechanisms consisted of 213 and 148 species,...
Niemeyer, Kyle E
Decentralized robust control-system for a non-square MIMO system, the air-path of a turbocharged Diesel engine
and greenhouse gas pollutants. In this paper, a non-square multivariable controller for the air-path systemDecentralized robust control-system for a non-square MIMO system, the air-path of a turbocharged the performance of the proposed control-system. Keywords: Diesel engine air path, Robust control, CRONE
Problem of Vain Energy Consumption in a VAV Air Conditioning System Shared By an Inner Zone and Exterior Zone
in winter and summer. Taking a practical project as example, this paper analyzes the energy consumption of a VAV air conditioning system that is shared by inner zone and exterior zone. The paper also points out the serious problem of useless energy...
Wenji, G.; Ling, C.; Dongdong, L.; Mei, S.; Li, Z.
ENSC 461 PROJECT: Next generation air conditioning systems for vehicles Assigned date: Feb. 21, 2011 Due date: April 11, 2011
to significant power consumption of vapour-compression systems, finding a new "green" refrigerant is another vehicles (HEVs), as it is the second most energy consuming system after the electric motor. Further, HVAC air conditioning systems used in the automotive industry are based on vapour-compression refrigeration
Bahrami, Majid
Implementation of Smart Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems for Ministries Complex in the State of Kuwait
The smart operation strategies were implemented for Air-Conditioning (A/C) and lighting systems to reduce the national load at Ministries Complex (MC) in the state of Kuwait. The A/C system in MC is a district cooling system that comprises of 8...
Al-Mulla, A.; Maheshwari, G. P.; Al-Nakib, D.; Ishaqali, H.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning devices Sample Search...
Interaction Institute, Carnegie... cities of the developing world, urban air pollution has worsened, which has been detrimental... to the health of their populations. At...
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Committee Meeting Minutes January 16, 2008 Darden 126 Attendees... Transit Service, Maintenance Shop, Operations, Administration, Air and HSCMedical Center. Major Source: Whittle,...
zones. Variable speed fan coil units (VSFCU) provide air tounit (AHU) including an airside economizer, a chilled water cooling coil, and a relief fan.
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after cooling with excess air andor heat ... Source: Columbia University - Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council (WTERT) Collection: Renewable Energy 17 A broadband...
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management and standard environmen- tal analysis of air pollution, data from remote sensing (aerial... and satellite images) can ehance all data sets. In spite of the...
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motors, materials handling and welding. Estimates... Page 1 of 8 2011-xx-xxxx Improving Compressed Air Energy Efficiency in Automotive Plants Nasr... are typically large users of...
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Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 13 The Effect of Pour Time and Head Height on Air Entrainment Malcolm Blair, Technical and Research Director, SFSA Summary: at this...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioning Sample Search Results
use... -294-5798 FOR MORE INFORMATION Concrete Property Test www.cptechcenter.org Air Entrainment 3-2: ... Source: Iowa State University, Department of Civil, Construction,...
Une mthode simple de prvision des tempratures de l'air et de la surface du sol en conditions de geles
Une méthode simple de prévision des températures de l'air et de la surface du sol en conditions de l'air et du sol, on a tracé des abaques qui expriment le refroidissement en conditions de ciel clair frost conditions. A one-dimensional model of nocturnal change in soil and air temperature has been used
Application and development of technologies for engine-condition-based maintenance of emergency diesel generators
The emergency diesel generator (EDG) of a nuclear power plant has the role of supplying emergency electric power to protect the reactor core system in the event of the loss of offsite power supply. Therefore, EDGs should be subject to periodic surveillance testing to verify their ability to supply specified frequencies and voltages at design power levels within a limited time. To maintain optimal reliability of EDGs, condition monitoring/diagnosis technologies must be developed. Changing from periodic disassemble maintenance to condition-based maintenance (CBM) according to predictions of equipment condition is recommended. In this paper, the development of diagnosis technology for CBM and the application of a diesel engine condition-analysis system are described. (authors)
Choi, K. H.; Sang, G.; Choi, L. Y. S.; Lee, B. O. [Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company Central Research Institue, 70, 1312 -gil Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea, Republic of)
2014-06-23 Issuance: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-in Coolers and Freezers; Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute Petition for Reconsideration
This document is the agency response to the Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-in Coolers and Freezers; Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute Petition for Reconsideration.
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system for Building 3862
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system for Building 3862
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for the PS accelerator infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems for the PS accelerator infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for dismantling, removal and packaging of the existing Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in the PS tunnel
Proposal for the award of a contract for dismantling, removal and packaging of the existing Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in the PS tunnel
Case Study: The Effective Use of an Extensive Logical rule Based Data Analytics Approach in Establishing Root Cause of Performance Issues in Widespread Deployments of Unitary Space Air Conditioning Units
Today a significant percentage of office spaces are air conditioned using widely deployed unitary systems, either Fan Coil Units (FCU) or Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes, to achieve high degrees of air conditioned zonal control. However establishing...
Brady, N.
Airflow Simulation and Energy Analysis in Ventilated Room with a New Type of Air Conditioning
):319-344. [3] CHEN Q, MORSER A, SUTER P. A numerical study of indoor air quality and thermal comfort under six kinds of air diffusion [J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1992, 98 (1):203-217. [4] ETHERIDGE D W, SANDBERG M. Building Ventilation: Theory...
Liu, D.; Tang, G.; Zhao, F.
Conceptual design and engineering studies of adiabatic compressed air energy storage (CAES) with thermal energy storage
The objective of this study was to perform a conceptual engineering design and evaluation study and to develop a design for an adiabatic CAES system using water-compensated hard rock caverns for compressed air storage. The conceptual plant design was to feature underground containment for thermal energy storage and water-compensated hard rock caverns for high pressure air storage. Other design constraints included the selection of turbomachinery designs that would require little development and would therefore be available for near-term plant construction and demonstration. The design was to be based upon the DOE/EPRI/PEPCO-funded 231 MW/unit conventional CAES plant design prepared for a site in Maryland. This report summarizes the project, its findings, and the recommendations of the study team; presents the development and optimization of the plant heat cycle and the selection and thermal design of the thermal energy storage system; discusses the selection of turbomachinery and estimated plant performance and operational capability; describes the control system concept; and presents the conceptual design of the adiabatic CAES plant, the cost estimates and economic evaluation, and an assessment of technical and economic feasibility. Particular areas in the plant design requiring further development or investigation are discussed. It is concluded that the adiabatic concept appears to be the most attractive candidate for utility application in the near future. It is operationally viable, economically attractive compared with competing concerns, and will require relatively little development before the construction of a plant can be undertaken. It is estimated that a utility could start the design of a demonstration plant in 2 to 3 years if research regarding TES system design is undertaken in a timely manner. (LCL)
Hobson, M.J.
Studien-und Prfungsordnung der Universitt Stuttgart fr den auslandsorientierten Studiengang Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering
Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering (WASTE) mit Abschluss Master Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering" (WASTE) beschlossen. Der Rektor hat Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering" (WASTE) überblickt werden, die Fähigkeit
Reyle, Uwe
Engineering Design Example CompressedCompressed--Air System for a Manufacturing PlantAir System for a Manufacturing Plant
*1.35=1900 cfm. · Centrifugal or reciprocating compressor may be chosen (later). From handbooks: P kk /)1 to operate C/A tools: Compressor and piping layoutCompressor and piping layout Air supply circumferentially: · Estimate the load [cfm] based on current and future demand. · Size the compressor(s). · Size the pipes so
Kostic, Milivoje M.
Economic Analysis of a Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System in North China
This paper describes the situation of waste water resource in north China and the characteristics and styles of a waste water resource heat pump system, and analyzes the economic feasibility of a waste water resource heat pump air...
Chen, H.; Li, D.; Dai, X.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-borne dust conditions Sample Search...
L., Guo, J., Dan, M., Zhang, W., Wang, Z., and Hao, Z.: The air-borne particulate pollution... Discussions Regional characteristics of spring Asian dust and its impact on...
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5 > >> 1 Page 1 of 8 2011-xx-xxxx Summary: Page 1 of 8 2011-xx-xxxx Improving Compressed Air Energy Efficiency in Automotive Plants Nasr... . This paper describes typical...
A laboratory for instruction and research in air conditioning and refrigeration
complicated due to the combination of many simple units into elaborate assemblies. The functional relation- ship of condmnsers, compressors, cooling towersp evaporators, air distri- bution systems~ controls, snd other parts of an installation are often...
Hall, Ray Allison
Study of Air Ingress Across the Duct During the Accident Conditions
The goal of this project is to study the fundamental physical phenoena associated with air ingress in very high temperature reactors (VHTRs). Air ingress may occur due to a nupture of primary piping and a subsequent breach in the primary pressure boundary in helium-cooled and graphite-moderated VHTRs. Significant air ingress is a concern because it introduces potential to expose the fuel, graphite support rods, and core to a risk of severe graphite oxidation. Two of the most probable air ingress scenarios involve rupture of a control rod or fuel access standpipe, and rupture in the main coolant pipe on the lower part of the reactor pressure vessel. Therefor, establishing a fundamental understanding of air ingress phenomena is critical in order to rationally evaluate safety of existing VHTRs and develop new designs that mimimize these risks. But despite this importance, progress toward development these predictive capabilities has been slowed by the complex nature of the underlaying phenomena. The combination of interdiffusion among multiple species, molecular diffusion, natural convection, and complex geometries, as well as the multiple chemical reactions involved, impose significant roadblocks to both modeling and experiment design. The project team will employ a coordinated experimental and computational effort that will help gain a deeper understanding of multiphased air ingress phenomena. THis project will enhance advanced modeling and simulation methods, enabling calculation of nuclear power plant transients and accident scenarios with a high degree of confidence. The following are the project tasks: Perform particle image velocimetry measurement of multiphase air ingresses Perform computational fluid dynamics analysis of air ingress phenomena
Hassan, Yassin
Monitoring the Performance of a Residential Central Air Conditioner under Degraded Conditions on a Test Bench
enthalpies at six locations were calculated using the refrigerant property calculation program developed by Kartsounes[26]. Air-side enthalpy, humidity and specific volume were calculated by a psychrometric program developed at the Energy Systems Laboratory... procedure based on measurement of refrigerant and air side temperatures. n TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page I INTRODUCTION 1 E LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Service and failure patterns 3 Degradation studies 4 HI MODEL DEVELOPMENT 6 Theory of operation 6 Degraded...
Palani, M.; O'Neal, D. L.; Haberl, J. S.
Gas turbine engine adapted for use in combination with an apparatus for separating a portion of oxygen from compressed air
A gas turbine engine is provided comprising an outer shell, a compressor assembly, at least one combustor assembly, a turbine assembly and duct structure. The outer shell includes a compressor section, a combustor section, an intermediate section and a turbine section. The intermediate section includes at least one first opening and at least one second opening. The compressor assembly is located in the compressor section to define with the compressor section a compressor apparatus to compress air. The at least one combustor assembly is coupled to the combustor section to define with the combustor section a combustor apparatus. The turbine assembly is located in the turbine section to define with the turbine section a turbine apparatus. The duct structure is coupled to the intermediate section to receive at least a portion of the compressed air from the compressor apparatus through the at least one first opening in the intermediate section, pass the compressed air to an apparatus for separating a portion of oxygen from the compressed air to produced vitiated compressed air and return the vitiated compressed air to the intermediate section via the at least one second opening in the intermediate section.
Bland, Robert J. (Oviedo, FL); Horazak, Dennis A. (Orlando, FL)
Solution of Air Conditioning Cooling Load Temperature for New Energy-Saving Walls
With the development of wall reforms, the production scale and engineering applications of energy savings are increasing daily. It is inevitable to aggressively extend production of new energy-saving walls. Based on the thermal instantaneous...
Wang, X.; Hong, J.; Deying, L.
Commercialization of air conditioning heat pump/water heater. Final technical report, Volume 3: Appendix F through I
This is the final technical report on a commercialization project for an air conditioning heat pump water heater. The objective of the project was to produce a saleable system which would be economically competitive with natural gas and cost effective with regard to initial cost versus annual operating costs. The development and commercialization of the system is described. Compiled data included in numerous figures, tables and graphs.
Commercialization of air conditioning heat pump/water heater. Final technical report, Volume 2: Appendix A through E
On the Challenge of Creating and Communicating Air Quality Information: A Case for Environmental Engineers*
, development of air pollutant concentration assessment and interpretation techniques, which must be tailored, with a possible refer- ence to general background information on the nature of the individual air pollutantOn the Challenge of Creating and Communicating Air Quality Information: A Case for Environmental
Möbius, Bernd
Model Based Commissioning Tool for Air-Conditioning Distribution Systems-APCBC
of VWV System 4. Example of VAV System 5. Conclusions 2 ESL-IC-14-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 ? Energy consumption of air and water distribution in air...-09-06 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Beijing, China, September 14-17, 2014 1. Issues 2. Simulation Model of Distribution System 3. Example of VWV System 4. Example of VAV System 5. Conclusions 7 ESL-IC-14...
Yoshida, H.; Noda, T.
Influence of Fault and Optimization of PID Parameters in Building Air-Conditioning System
200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800 8 10 12 14 16 18 Supply air flow volume A ir flo w v ol um e[ m 3 / h] A ir flo w v ol um e[ m 3 / h] (b)Supply air flow volume Time[hour] 0 10 20 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1....4 18161412108 Time[hour] Secondary inlet water temp. Secondary outlet water temp. Secondary pump water flow volume w at er fl ow v ol um e[ m 3 / h] Te m p. [d eg .C ] (d)Secondary inlet & outlet water temp. / water flow volume 10...
Kuniyoshi, K.; Akashi, Y.; Sumiyoshi, D.; Song, Y.
International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines, 10th, Nottingham, England, Sept. 1-6, 1991, Proceedings. Vols. 1 2
Among the topics discussed are high-speed transport, compressor aerodynamics, environment and pollution, engine performance, computational fluid dynamics, and combustion. Attention is also given to radial flow machines, hypersonic propulsion, engine condition monitoring, cascades and fans, inlets, tribology and materials, and transition and fluid dynamics. Also considered are mixing and mixing control; surge, stall, and flutter; combustion and aerothermodynamics; ram rockets, nozzles; icing and particles; nacelle design; supersonic combustion; scramjet and ramjet; turbines and heat transfer; and energy analysis.
Billig, F.S.; (Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD)
Evaluation of a Local Air Conditioning Duty Cycling Device as a Load Management Tool
the air conditioners were controlled. The local control device and the direct control device were both found to reduce demand of the compressor by about 0.65 kW at 100�F ambient temperature. Also, the kW reduction achieved was found to increase with higher...
Schneider, K.; Thedford, M.
Exhaust gas recirculation in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
A homogeneous charge compression ignition engine operates by injecting liquid fuel directly in a combustion chamber, and mixing the fuel with recirculated exhaust and fresh air through an auto ignition condition of the fuel. The engine includes at least one turbocharger for extracting energy from the engine exhaust and using that energy to boost intake pressure of recirculated exhaust gas and fresh air. Elevated proportions of exhaust gas recirculated to the engine are attained by throttling the fresh air inlet supply. These elevated exhaust gas recirculation rates allow the HCCI engine to be operated at higher speeds and loads rendering the HCCI engine a more viable alternative to a conventional diesel engine.
Duffy, Kevin P. (Metamora, IL); Kieser, Andrew J. (Morton, IL); Rodman, Anthony (Chillicothe, IL); Liechty, Michael P. (Chillicothe, IL); Hergart, Carl-Anders (Peoria, IL); Hardy, William L. (Peoria, IL)
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-conditioning systemsfor occupant Sample...
University Collection: Biology and Medicine 3 Introduction Prior research has shown that energy savings are Summary: conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating,...
A methodology for the evaluation of the turbine jet engine fragment threat to generic air transportable containers
Uncontained, high-energy gas turbine engine fragments are a potential threat to air-transportable containers carried aboard jet aircraft. The threat to a generic example container is evaluated by probability analyses and penetration testing to demonstrate the methodology to be used in the evaluation of a specific container/aircraft/engine combination. Fragment/container impact probability is the product of the uncontained fragment release rate and the geometric probability that a container is in the path of this fragment. The probability of a high-energy rotor burst fragment from four generic aircraft engines striking one of the containment vessels aboard a transport aircraft is approximately 1.2 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} strikes/hour. Finite element penetration analyses and tests can be performed to identify specific fragments which have the potential to penetrate a generic or specific containment vessel. The relatively low probability of engine fragment/container impacts is primarily due to the low release rate of uncontained, hazardous jet engine fragments.
Harding, D.C.; Pierce, J.D.
??This research focuses on the modeling and simulation of ignition transient and subsequent combustion dynamics in an ethylene fueled supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engine. The� (more)
Li, Jian
Field Demonstration of a High-Efficiency Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioning Unit at Fort Gordon, Augusta, GA
As part of a larger program targeting the market transformation of packaged rooftop air conditioning, five high-efficiency rooftop air conditioning products were selected in 2002 by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Unitary Air Conditioner (UAC) Technology Procurement (http://www.pnl.gov/uac). In February 2003, Fort Gordon in Augusta, Georgia was chosen as the demonstration site. With the goal of validating the field performance and operation of one of the awarded products, a 10-ton high-efficiency packaged rooftop unit (RTU) manufactured by Global Energy Group (GEG) was installed at Fort Gordon in October 2003. Following equipment installation, power metering, air- and refrigerant-side instrumentation was installed on the GEG RTU and a 4-year old typical-efficiency 20-ton RTU manufactured by AAON . The GEG and AAON units were instrumented identically and operated May through July, 2005, to observe performance under a range of conditions. Based on the data collected as part of this demonstration, the GEG equipment performed at least 8% better in stage-1 (single compressor running) cooling and at least 16% better in stage-2 (both compressors running) than the baseline AAON equipment. Performance comparisons are based on what we call application EER normalized to equivalent specific fan power. The full-load, specific-fan-power-normalized application EERs at ARI design conditions were 10.48 Btu/Wh for the GEG and 9.00 Btu/Wh for the baseline machine. With a cost premium of nearly 50%, and slightly higher maintenance costs, the life-cycle cost analysis shows that the GEG technology pays for itself--a positive net-present value (NPV)--only in climates and buildings with long cooling seasons. Manufacture of this equipment on a larger scale can be expected to reduce costs to the point where it is more broadly cost-effective. The assumed 10-ton baseline and new-technology unit costs are $3824.00 and $5525.00 respectively. If the new technology cost is assumed to drop as sales increase to $4674.50 for a 10-ton unit (i.e. the original cost difference is halved), the life-cycle costs improve. A grid of first cost, annual maintenance cost and electricity price is enumerated and the results presented in the report show the sensitivity of life cycle cost to these three financial parameters in each of eight different climates.
Armstrong, Peter R.; Sullivan, Gregory P.; Parker, Graham B.
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Design Strategy for a Hot-Humid Production Builder
BSC worked directly with the David Weekley Homes - Houston division to redesign three floor plans in order to locate the HVAC system in conditioned space. The purpose of this project is to develop a cost effective design for moving the HVAC system into conditioned space. In addition, BSC conducted energy analysis to calculate the most economical strategy for increasing the energy performance of future production houses. This is in preparation for the upcoming code changes in 2015. The builder wishes to develop an upgrade package that will allow for a seamless transition to the new code mandate. The following research questions were addressed by this research project: 1. What is the most cost effective, best performing and most easily replicable method of locating ducts inside conditioned space for a hot-humid production home builder that constructs one and two story single family detached residences? 2. What is a cost effective and practical method of achieving 50% source energy savings vs. the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code for a hot-humid production builder? 3. How accurate are the pre-construction whole house cost estimates compared to confirmed post construction actual cost? BSC and the builder developed a duct design strategy that employs a system of dropped ceilings and attic coffers for moving the ductwork from the vented attic to conditioned space. The furnace has been moved to either a mechanical closet in the conditioned living space or a coffered space in the attic.
Kerrigan, P.
The Technical and Economical Analysis of a Centralized Air-Conditioning System with Cold Storage Refrigeration in High-Rise Residential Buildings
In recent years, the application of a centralized air-conditioning system (CACS) with cold storage refrigeration in high-rise residential buildings has gradually increased. Due to the large difference between civil residential buildings...
Xiang, C.; Xie, G.
Distortions of Experimental Muon Arrival Time Distributions of Extensive Air Showers by the Observation Conditions
Event-by-event measured arrival time distributions of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) muons are affected and distorted by various interrelated effects which originate from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number (multiplicity) of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of the individual EAS events. The origin of these effects is discussed, and different correction procedures, which involve detailed simulations, are proposed and illustrated. The discussed distortions are relevant for relatively small observation distances (R < 200 m) from the EAS core. Their significance decreases with increasing observation distance and increasing primary energies. Local arrival time distributions which refer to the observed arrival time of the first local muon prove to be less sensitive to the mass of the primary. This feature points to the necessity of arrival time measurements with additional information on the curvature of the EAS disk.
R. Haeusler; A. F. Badea; H. Rebel; I. M. Brancus; J. Oehlschlaeger
E-Print Network 3.0 - air engine coolant Sample Search Results
3 Performance of a Turbine Airfoil with Multiple Film Cooling Stations Part II: Aerodynamic Losses Summary: of 1.45e6. Both air and CO2 were used as coolants, and the effect...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-breathing engines Sample Search Results
2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Short-term effects of food availability on air-breathingfrequency in the fish Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae) Summary: -term effects of food availability on...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ambient air engine Sample Search Results
used in the model for the midday and midnight... on the rate and on the mass of ambient air entrainment into the plume are studied also by com- paring the box... and NO V from...
Japanese and American competition in the development of scroll compressors and its impact on the American air conditioning industry
This report examines the technological development of scroll compressors and its impact on the air conditioning equipment industry. Scroll compressors, although considered to be the compressors of the future for energy-efficient residential heat pumps and possibly for many other applications, are difficult to manufacture on a volume-production base. The manufacturing process requires computer-aided, numerically controlled tools for high-precision fabrication of major parts. Japan implemented a global strategy for dominating the technological world market in the 1970s, and scroll compressor technology benefited from the advent of new-generation machine tools. As a result, if American manufacturers of scroll compressors purchase or are essentially forced to purchase numerically controlled tools from Japan in the future, they will then become dependent on their own competitors because the same Japanese conglomerates that make numerically controlled tools also make scroll compressors. This study illustrates the importance of the basic machine tool industry to the health of the US economy. Without a strong machine tool industry, it is difficult for American manufacturers to put innovations, whether patented or not, into production. As we experience transformation in the air conditioning and refrigeration market, it will be critical to establish a consistent national policy to provide healthy competition among producers, to promote innovation within the industry, to enhance assimilation of new technology, and to eliminate practices that are incompatible with these goals. 72 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Ushimaru, Kenji (Energy International, Inc., Bellevue, WA (USA))
Impact of Charge Degradation on the Life Cycle Climate Performance of a Residential Air-Conditioning System
Vapor compression systems continuously leak a small fraction of their refrigerant charge to the environment, whether during operation or servicing. As a result of the slow leak rate occurring during operation, the refrigerant charge decreases until the system is serviced and recharged. This charge degradation, after a certain limit, begins to have a detrimental effect on system capacity, energy consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). This paper presents a literature review and a summary of previous experimental work on the effect of undercharging or charge degradation of different vapor compression systems, especially those without a receiver. These systems include residential air conditioning and heat pump systems utilizing different components and refrigerants, and water chiller systems. Most of these studies show similar trends for the effect of charge degradation on system performance. However, it is found that although much experimental work exists on the effect of charge degradation on system performance, no correlation or comparison between charge degradation and system performance yet exists. Thus, based on the literature review, three different correlations that characterize the effect of charge on system capacity and energy consumption are developed for different systems as follows: one for air-conditioning systems, one for vapor compression water-to-water chiller systems, and one for heat pumps. These correlations can be implemented in vapor compression cycle simulation tools to obtain a better prediction of the system performance throughout its lifetime. In this paper, these correlations are implemented in an open source tool for life cycle climate performance (LCCP) based design of vapor compression systems. The LCCP of a residential air-source heat pump is evaluated using the tool and the effect of charge degradation on the results is studied. The heat pump is simulated using a validated component-based vapor compression system model and the LCCP results obtained using the three charge degradation correlations are compared.
Beshr, Mohamed [University of Maryland, College Park; Aute, Vikrant [University of Maryland, College Park; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL; Fricke, Brian A [ORNL; Radermacher, Reinhard [University of Maryland, College Park
DEST Software to Analyze System Zoning and Energy Consumption in Air Conditioning Systems
This paper reports on a study on how to appropriately divide system zoning by using DeST software to calculate the basis dynamic temperature and load of all rooms in an office building. Influent factors of weather conditions, building envelope...
Fan, Y.; Li, D.
A Study to Determine the Energy Impact of Adding Polarshield to Air Conditioning Systems
unit operating under typical hot outdoor conditions (95 degrees F). The test was operated in a �before� - �after� manner with each before-after segment operated for twelve days and three tests were conducted - one on a new 2.5 ton system where 1.25 oz...
Cromer, C. J.
2416, Page 1 International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 12-15, 2010
evaporators defrost more often than fin-and-tube heat pump units, operating under similar conditions understanding of the heat and mass transfer characteristics of coils during frosting and defrosting transient-15, 2010 Experimental Investigation of Frost Growth on Microchannel Heat Exchangers Ehsan Moallem1
An update on acoustics designs for HVAC (Engineering) K. Marriott
An update on acoustics designs for HVAC (Engineering) K. Marriott IOA, 29a Ashburton Road, Croydon and Air Conditioning (HVAC) engineer is to engineer ways for keeping these factors under control the HVAC engineer's environmental requirements while minimizing noise generated in the process considering
Development of cold seawater air conditioning systems for application as a demand side management tool for Hawaii and other subtropical climates
Because of the proximity to deep cold seawater for many coastal regions in Hawaii and the high demand for air conditioning in large buildings, seawater air conditioning (SWAC) is a major potential sustainable energy resource for Hawaii and other subtropical regions of the world. The basic concept of seawater air conditioning is the use deep cold seawater to cool the chilled water in one or more air conditioned buildings as opposed to using energy intensive refrigeration systems. The economic viability of the seawater air conditioning is determined by comparing the construction and operating costs of the seawater supply system to the construction and operating costs of conventional air conditioning systems. The State of Hawaii commissioned an analysis to identify the technical and economic opportunities and limitations in the use of SWAC in Hawaii. The result of this work is a feasibility analysis of SWAC systems in the state and the potential associated energy savings. The study looked at the prospects of installing such a system at a major new resort development on Oahu called West Beach.
Kaya, M.H. [State of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Dept. of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism
Parameter Estimation of Dynamic Air-conditioning Component Models Using Limited Sensor Data
.1). ?? , is the area of orifice opening and ?? is the coefficient of discharge of the expansion valve at that specific condition. Coefficient of discharge is a dependent on the EEV geometry and the thermal?fluid properties of the refrigerant flowing through... Area of application of bulb pressure ?2 Area of application of evaporator pressure ?? External surface area of the TEV bulb ??? Area of heat conduction between the refrigerant and the bulb ?? Area of opening for refrigerant flow in expansion...
Hariharan, Natarajkumar
Enhanced air/fuel mixing for automotive stirling engine turbulator-type combustors
The invention relates to the improved combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a stirling engine and the like by dividing combustion into primary and secondary combustion zones through the use of a diverter plate.
Riecke, George T. (Ballston Spa, NY); Stotts, Robert E. (Newark, NY)
A MultiAir / MultiFuel Approach to Enhancing Engine System Efficiency
or otherwise restricted information Overview 2 Budget * Total: 29,992,676 - Partner Cost Share: 15,534,104 - DOE Cost Share: 14,458,572 Barriers * Downsized engines offer...
Overview 2 Budget * Total: 29,992,676 - Partner Cost Share: 15,534,104 - DOE Cost Share: 14,458,572 Barriers * Downsized engines offer higher fuel economy, but the...
Soot formation in direct injection spark ignition engines under cold-idle operating conditions
Direct injection spark ignition engines are growing rapidly in popularity, largely due to the fuel efficiency improvements in the turbo-downsized engine configuration that are enabled by direct injection technology. ...
Ketterer, Justin Edward
Radiological engineering evaluation of the delay line air scrubber located at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)
OF CONTENTS. . . . . 1v LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES . . . INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND . . . Vu THEORY Air Scrubber Prediction Spreadsheet. Retnoval Efficiency Calculation. Water Diagnostic Line . Air Sample Line HRS dome Air Sample Line.... . . . . . . . . . . Air Sample Line HRS dome Air Sample Line. . . . . . . . I 9 . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . 28 METHODS. . RESULTS . . Water Diagnostic Line Results. Air Sample Line Results. . HRS dome Air Sample Line Results . . Radiological...
Huneycutt, Scott Edward
Combustion lean limits fundamentals and their application to a SI hydrogen-enhanced engine concept
Operating an engine with excess air, under lean conditions, has significant benefits in terms of increased engine efficiency and reduced emissions. However, under high dilution levels, a lean limit is reached where combustion ...
Ayala, Ferran A. (Ferran Alberto), 1976-
Drag coefficient for the air-sea exchange: foam impact in hurricane conditions
A physical model is proposed for the estimation of the foam impact on the variation of the effective drag coefficient, C_d, with reference to the wind speed U10 in stormy and hurricane conditions. In the present model C_d is approximated by partitioning the sea surface into foam-covered and foam-free areas. Based on the available optical and radiometric measurements of the fractional foam coverage and the characteristic roughness of the sea-surface in the saturation limit of the foam coverage, the model yields the resulting dependence of C_d vs U10. This dependence is in fair agreement with that evaluated from field measurements of the vertical variation of the mean wind speed.
Golbraikh, Ephim
Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2011 General Motors 2 Variable Height Vehicle Air Dam
economy and aerodynamic drag requirements. Therefore we are required to use our creativity and figure out to increase the fuel economy of a particular vehicle at highway speeds. The dam must successfully divert air existing products and patents · Brainstorming, concept generation, refinement and selection · NO SITE VISIT
Solutions for Summer Electric Power Shortages: Demand Response and its Applications in Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Systems
for DR and demand side management, along with operationalresponse), DSM (demand side management), DR strategy, air
Han, Junqiao; Piette, Mary Ann
Advanced control strategies for heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems�An overview: Part I: Hard control
A chronological overview of the advanced control strategies for heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) is presented in this article. The overview focuses on hard-computing or control techniques, such as proportional-integral-derivative, optimal, nonlinear, adaptive, and robust; soft-computing or control techniques, such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms; and on the fusion or hybrid of hard- and soft-control techniques. Thus, it is to be noted that the terminology �hard� and �soft� computing/control has nothing to do with the �hardware� and �software� that is being generally used. Part I of a two-part series focuses on hard-control strategies, and Part II focuses on softand fusion-control in addition to some future directions in HVAC&R research. This overview is not intended to be an exhaustive survey on this topic, and any omission of other works is purely unintentional.
D. Subbaram Naidu; Craig G. Rieger
Enhanced Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning and Lighting Systems Toward Peak Power Reduction for an Office Building in Kuwait
Enhanced?Operation?Strategies?for?Air? Conditioning?and?Lighting? Systems?Toward?Peak?Power?Reduction? for?an?Office?Building?in?Kuwait F. Alghimlas A. Al-Mulla G.P. Maheshwari D. Al-Nakib Building and Energy Technologies Department...?Increase?in?Power?and?Energy? 6160 6450 6750 7250 7480 7750 8400 8900 9070 9710 27.0 27.5 29.3 31.1 33.1 35.6 37.9 41.6 42.6 45.2 25 30 35 40 45 50 5500 6500 7500 8500 9500 10500 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Y e a r l y E...
Alghimlas, F.; Al-Mulla, A.; Maheshwari, G.P.; Al-Nakib, D.
Copper contamination effects on hydrogen-air combustion under SCRAMJET (supersonic combustion ramjet) testing conditions
Two forms of copper catalytic reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous) in hydrogen flames were found in a literature survey. Hydrogen atoms in flames recombine into hydrogen molecules through catalytic reactions, and these reactions which affect the timing of the combustion process. Simulations of hydrogen flames with copper contamination were conducted by using a modified general chemical kinetics program (GCKP). Results show that reaction times of hydrogen flames are shortened by copper catalytic reactions, but ignition times are relatively insensitive to the reactions. The reduction of reaction time depends on the copper concentration, copper phase, particle size (if copper is in the condensed phase), and initial temperature and pressure. The higher the copper concentration of the smaller the particle, the larger the reduction in reaction time. For a supersonic hydrogen flame (Mach number = 4.4) contaminated with 200 ppm of gaseous copper species, the calculated reaction times are reduced by about 9%. Similar reductions in reaction time are also computed for heterogeneous copper contamination. Under scramjet testing conditions, the change of combustion timing appears to be tolerable (less than 5%) if the Mach number is lower than 3 or the copper contamination is less than 100 ppm. The higher rate the Mach number, the longer the reaction time and the larger the copper catalytic effects. 7 tabs., 8 figs., 34 refs.
Chang, S.L.; Lottes, S.A.; Berry, G.F.
High Efficiency Integrated Space Conditioning, Water Heating and Air Distribution System for HUD-Code Manufactured Housing
Recognizing the need for new space conditioning and water heating systems for manufactured housing, DeLima Associates assembled a team to develop a space conditioning system that would enhance comfort conditions while also reducing energy usage at the systems level. The product, Comboflair® was defined as a result of a needs analysis of project sponsors and industry stakeholders. An integrated system would be developed that would combine a packaged airconditioning system with a small-duct, high-velocity air distribution system. In its basic configuration, the source for space heating would be a gas water heater. The complete system would be installed at the manufactured home factory and would require no site installation work at the homesite as is now required with conventional split-system air conditioners. Several prototypes were fabricated and tested before a field test unit was completed in October 2005. The Comboflair® system, complete with ductwork, was installed in a 1,984 square feet, double-wide manufactured home built by Palm Harbor Homes in Austin, TX. After the home was transported and installed at a Palm Harbor dealer lot in Austin, TX, a data acquisition system was installed for remote data collection. Over 60 parameters were continuously monitored and measurements were transmitted to a remote site every 15 minutes for performance analysis. The Comboflair® system was field tested from February 2006 until April 2007. The cooling system performed in accordance with the design specifications. The heating system initially could not provide the needed capacity at peak heating conditions until the water heater was replaced with a higher capacity standard water heater. All system comfort goals were then met. As a result of field testing, we have identified improvements to be made to specific components for incorporation into production models. The Comboflair® system will be manufactured by Unico, Inc. at their new production facility in St. Louis, MO. The product will be initially launched in the hot-humid climates of the southern U.S.
Henry DeLima; Joe Akin; Joseph Pietsch
An inorganic membrane water recovery concept is evaluated as a method to recovering water from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Integrating the system on-board a vehicle would create a self-sustaining water supply that would make engine water injection technologies consumer transparent . In laboratory experiments, water recovery from humidified air was measured to evaluate how different operating parameters affect the membrane system s efficiency. The observed impact of transmembrane pressure and gas flow rate suggest that gas residence time is more important than water flux through the membrane. Heat transfer modeling suggests that increasing membrane length can be used to improve efficiency and allow greater flow per membrane, an important parameter for practical applications where space is limited. The membrane water recovery concept was also experimentally validated by extracting water from diesel exhaust coming from a stationary generator. The insight afforded by these studies provides a basis for developing improved membrane designs that balance both efficiency and cost.
DeBusk, Melanie Moses [ORNL] [ORNL; Bischoff, Brian L [ORNL] [ORNL; Hunter, James A [ORNL] [ORNL; Klett, James William [ORNL] [ORNL; Nafziger, Eric J [ORNL] [ORNL; Daw, C Stuart [ORNL] [ORNL
Demonstration of Natural Gas Engine Driven Air Compressor Technology at Department of Defense Industrial Facilities
of incorporating the NGEDAC performance data directly into their overall energy management control system. All Army industrial installations will be screened for technology application. Technology transfer will be coordinated with Air Force, Navy, and Defense... Technology & Management Paul A. Wenner Laboratory Services, Inc. XENERGY, Inc. Champaign, Illinois Gaithersburg, Maryland Worthington, Ohio ABSTRACT Recent downsizing and consolidation of Department of Defense (DOD) facilities provides an opportunity...
Lin, M.; Aylor, S. W.; Van Ormer, H.
Social Engineering Approach to Air Quality Challenge: The Case of Kathmandu
phase-wise introduction of the restriction ofmovement of polluting vehicles. The government accepted the recommendation for relaxed standards for older vehicles effective ITom Jan 15, 1998, but did not speak out the long ternl strategy neither did... the Kathmandu Valley is a successful test case of social pressure for better environment where it was delayed and denied for a long time by the state authorities themselves. The air pollution control movement in Nepal did go though faced several ups and downs...
Arya, Ramesh C
Using Acid Number as a Leading Indicator of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System Performance
This report summarizes a literature review to assess the acidity characteristics of the older mineral oil and newer polyolester (POE) refrigeration systems as well as to evaluate acid measuring techniques used in other non-aqueous systems which may be applicable for refrigeration systems. Failure in the older chlorofluorocarbon/hydrochlorofluorocarbon (CFC/HCFC) / mineral oil systems was primarily due to thermal degradation of the refrigerant which resulted in the formation of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. These are strong mineral acids, which can, over time, severely corrode the system metals and lead to the formation of copper plating on iron surfaces. The oil lubricants used in the older systems were relatively stable and were not prone to hydrolytic degradation due to the low solubility of water in oil. The refrigerants in the newer hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)/POE systems are much more thermally stable than the older CFC/HCFC refrigerants and mineral acid formation is negligible. However, acidity is produced in the new systems by hydrolytic decomposition of the POE lubricants with water to produce the parent organic acids and alcohols used to prepare the POE. The individual acids can therefore vary but they are generally C5 to C9 carboxylic acids. Organic acids are much weaker and far less corrosive to metals than the mineral acids from the older systems but they can, over long time periods, react with metals to form carboxylic metal salts. The salts tend to accumulate in narrow areas such as capillary tubes, particularly if residual hydrocarbon processing chemicals are present in the system, which can lead to plugging. The rate of acid production from POEs varies on a number of factors including chemical structure, moisture levels, temperature, acid concentration and metals. The hydrolysis rate of reaction can be reduced by using driers to reduce the free water concentration and by using scavenging chemicals which react with the system acids. Total acid number (TAN), which includes both mineral acids and organic acids, is therefore a useful indicator which can be used to monitor the condition of the system in order to perform remedial maintenance, when required, to prevent system failure. The critical TAN value is the acid level at which remedial action should be taken to prevent the onset of rapid acid formation which can result in system failure. The level of 0.05 mg KOH/g of oil was established for CFC/mineral oil systems based on analysis of 700 used lubricants from operating systems and failed units. There is no consensus within the refrigeration industry as to the critical TAN value for HFC/POE systems, however, the value will be higher than the CFC/mineral oil systems critical TAN value because of the much weaker organic acids produced from POE. A similar study of used POE lubricants should be performed to establish a critical TAN limit for POE systems. Titrimetric analysis per ASTM procedures is the most commonly used method to determine TAN values in lubricants in the refrigeration industry and other industries dealing with lubricating oils. For field measurements, acid test kits are often used since they provide rapid, semi-quantitative TAN results.
Dennis Cartlidge; Hans Schellhase
1997 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) -- Radionuclides annual report
Under Section 61.94 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H, National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities, each Department of Energy (DOE) facility must submit an annual report documenting compliance. This report addresses the Section 61.94 reporting requirements for operations at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for calendar year (CY) 1997. Section 1 of this report provides an overview of the INEEL facilities and a brief description of the radioactive materials and processes at the facilities. Section 2 identifies radioactive air effluent release points and diffuse sources at the INEEL and actual releases during 1997. Section 2 also describes the effluent control systems for each potential release point. Section 3 provides the methodology and EDE calculations for 1997 INEEL radioactive emissions.
Systematic method for the condition assessment of central heating plants in Air Force Logistics Command. Master's thesis
Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC), facing decreasing funds and aging utility systems, needed a method to objectively rate its central heating plants. Such a rating system would be used to compare heating plants throughout the command to identify potential problem areas and prioritize major repair projects. This thesis used a Delphi questionnaire to gather opinions from heating plant experts in order to identify and prioritize components considered most critical to overall plant operation. In addition, the experts suggested measurements which could be used to evaluate component conditions. By combining expert opinions and reading from technical literature, component model rating schemes were developed for AFLC's steam and high temperature hot water plants. Based on measurements and observations of critical components in the plant, a score between 0 and 100 is assigned to each component (for example, condensate piping, deaerator, etc.), each plant subsystem (distribution system, water treatment system, etc.), and to the plant as a whole. These component model rating schemes and the resultant overall condition index scores will enable AFLC to focus their management attention and allocate needed resources to the plants in greatest need of repair.
Starmack, G.J.
Impact of Solar Control PVB Glass on Vehicle Interior Temperatures, Air-Conditioning Capacity, Fuel Consumption, and Vehicle Range
The objective of the study was to assess the impact of Saflex1 S-series Solar Control PVB (polyvinyl butyral) configurations on conventional vehicle fuel economy and electric vehicle (EV) range. The approach included outdoor vehicle thermal soak testing, RadTherm cool-down analysis, and vehicle simulations. Thermal soak tests were conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Vehicle Testing and Integration Facility in Golden, Colorado. The test results quantified interior temperature reductions and were used to generate initial conditions for the RadTherm cool-down analysis. The RadTherm model determined the potential reduction in air-conditioning (A/C) capacity, which was used to calculate the A/C load for the vehicle simulations. The vehicle simulation tool identified the potential reduction in fuel consumption or improvement in EV range between a baseline and modified configurations for the city and highway drive cycles. The thermal analysis determined a potential 4.0% reduction in A/C power for the Saflex Solar PVB solar control configuration. The reduction in A/C power improved the vehicle range of EVs and fuel economy of conventional vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Rugh, J.; Chaney, L.; Venson, T.; Ramroth, L.; Rose, M.
Analysis and experimental study on formation conditions of large-scale barrier-free diffuse atmospheric pressure air plasmas in repetitive pulse mode
Atmospheric air diffuse plasmas have enormous application potential in various fields of science and technology. Without dielectric barrier, generating large-scale air diffuse plasmas is always a challenging issue. This paper discusses and analyses the formation mechanism of cold homogenous plasma. It is proposed that generating stable diffuse atmospheric plasmas in open air should meet the three conditions: high transient power with low average power, excitation in low average E-field with locally high E-field region, and multiple overlapping electron avalanches. Accordingly, an experimental configuration of generating large-scale barrier-free diffuse air plasmas is designed. Based on runaway electron theory, a low duty-ratio, high voltage repetitive nanosecond pulse generator is chosen as a discharge excitation source. Using the wire-electrodes with small curvature radius, the gaps with highly non-uniform E-field are structured. Experimental results show that the volume-scaleable, barrier-free, homogeneous air non-thermal plasmas have been obtained between the gap spacing with the copper-wire electrodes. The area of air cold plasmas has been up to hundreds of square centimeters. The proposed formation conditions of large-scale barrier-free diffuse air plasmas are proved to be reasonable and feasible.
Li, Lee, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Liu, Lun; Liu, Yun-Long; Bin, Yu; Ge, Ya-Feng; Lin, Fo-Chang [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074 (China)
Internal combustion engine cylinder-to-cylinder balancing with balanced air-fuel ratios
A method of balancing combustion among cylinders of an internal combustion engine. For each cylinder, a normalized peak firing pressure is calculated as the ratio of its peak firing pressure to its combustion pressure. Each cylinder's normalized peak firing pressure is compared to a target value for normalized peak firing pressure. The fuel flow is adjusted to any cylinder whose normalized peak firing pressure is not substantially equal to the target value.
Harris, Ralph E.; Bourn, Gary D.; Smalley, Anthony J.
Energy Performance Evaluation and Development of Control Strategies for the Air-conditioning System of a Building at Construction Stage
. These control strategies mainly involve optimal chiller sequencing control, cooling tower sequencing control, optimal water pressure differential set-point control, AHU supply air static pressure reset control and DCV-based fresh air control, etc. To assess...
Wang, S.; Xu, X.; Ma, Z.
Effect of ambient conditions and fuel properties on homogeneous charge compression ignition engine operation
Practical application of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion must demonstrate robust responses to variations in environmental conditions. This work examines the impact of ambient conditions and fuel ...
Andreae, Morgan M. (Morgan MacKenzie)
Modeling the structural behavior of the piston rings under different boundary conditions in internal combustion engines
In the process of designing internal combustion engine, piston ring plays an important role in fulfilling the requirements of camber gas sealing, friction reduction and lubrication oil consumption. The goal of this thesis ...
Xu, Dian
Effect of operating conditions on the size, morphology, and concentration of submicrometer particulates emitted from a diesel engine
Particulate emissions at the exhaust of a diesel engine were systematically investigated at different engine loads and speeds by rapid thermophoretic sampling followed by direct transmission electron microscope (TEM) visualization. Spherule and aggregate size distributions, aggregate fractal dimensions and prefactors, and particle volume fractions were comprehensively characterized using this novel technique, which provided new, accurate, and relevant data on diesel particulates compared to the abundant past studies involving questionable mobility sizing measurements. In contrast to the narrow (Gaussian) distributions of spherule sizes, there were broad variations in aggregate sizes that were approximated by a lognormal probability function with a geometric standard deviation of about 1.8. Mean spherule diameters were in the range 20-35 nm, and mean aggregate gyration diameters of 0.16-0.35 {mu}m were always smaller than the PM2.5 standard. Average sizes of both spherules and aggregates mostly increased with the relative engine load or overall equivalence ratio, which disagreed with the trends and correlations suggested by a recent study. Independent of engine operating condition, aggregate fractal dimension was 1.77+/-0.14, a nearly universal property that contradicted with the broad range of past values reported for diesel engines based on mobility-based experiments. The aggregate fractal prefactor, which was also necessary to fully characterize the morphology of diesel soot, was found to be 1.9+/-0.5. In addition to this new contribution, sampling/TEM experiments were also implemented for the first time in a diesel engine to estimate particle volume fractions, which were crucial for the determination of available specific surface areas. The present method was more accurate than the laser attenuation method for the relatively low particle volume fractions of 0.001-0.1 ppm emitted by the diesel engine considered here. (author)
Neer, Adam; Koylu, Umit O. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-0050 (United States)
Deemed Savings Estimates for Legacy Air Conditioning and WaterHeating Direct Load Control Programs in PJM Region
During 2005 and 2006, the PJM Interconnection (PJM) Load Analysis Subcommittee (LAS) examined ways to reduce the costs and improve the effectiveness of its existing measurement and verification (M&V) protocols for Direct Load Control (DLC) programs. The current M&V protocol requires that a PURPA-compliant Load Research study be conducted every five years for each Load-Serving Entity (LSE). The current M&V protocol is expensive to implement and administer particularly for mature load control programs, some of which are marginally cost-effective. There was growing evidence that some LSEs were mothballing or dropping their DLC programs in lieu of incurring the expense associated with the M&V. This project had several objectives: (1) examine the potential for developing deemed savings estimates acceptable to PJM for legacy air conditioning and water heating DLC programs, and (2) explore the development of a collaborative, regional, consensus-based approach for conducting monitoring and verification of load reductions for emerging load management technologies for customers that do not have interval metering capability.
Goldman, Charles
Distribution of small dispersive coal dust particles and absorbed radioactive chemical elements in conditions of forced acoustic resonance in iodine air filter at nuclear power plant
The physical features of distribution of the small dispersive coal dust particles and the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the absorber with the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules were researched in the case of the intensive air dust aerosol stream flow through the iodine air filter (IAF). It was shown that, at the certain aerodynamic conditions in the IAF, the generation of the acoustic oscillations is possible. It was found that the acoustic oscillations generation results in an appearance of the standing acoustic waves of the air pressure (density) in the IAF. In the case of the intensive blow of the air dust aerosol, it was demonstrated that the standing acoustic waves have some strong influences on both: 1) the dynamics of small dispersive coal dust particles movement and their accumulation in the IAF; 2) the oversaturation of the cylindrical coal granules by the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the regions, where the antin...
Ledenyov, Oleg P
2014-02-07 Issuance: Certification of Commercial Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning, Water Heating, and Refrigeration Equipment; Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register notice of proposed rulemaking regarding certification of commercial heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, water-heating, and refrigeration equipment, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on February 7, 2014.
Research Director, PIER Demand Response Research CenterAssessment of Demand Response & Advanced Metering, staffPower Shortages: Demand Response and its Applications in Air
Engineering Enzymes in Energy Crops: Conditionally Activated Enzymes Expressed in Cellulosic Energy Crops
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: Enzymes are required to break plant biomass down into the fermentable sugars that are used to create biofuel. Currently, costly enzymes must be added to the biofuel production process. Engineering crops to already contain these enzymes will reduce costs and produce biomass that is more easily digested. In fact, enzyme costs alone account for $0.50-$0.75/gallon of the cost of a biomass-derived biofuel like ethanol. Agrivida is genetically engineering plants to contain high concentrations of enzymes that break down cell walls. These enzymes can be �switched on� after harvest so they won�t damage the plant while it�s growing.
Direct fired reciprocating engine and bottoming high temperature fuel cell hybrid
A system of a fuel cell bottoming an internal combustion engine. The engine exhaust gas may be combined in varying degrees with air and fed as input to a fuel cell. Reformer and oxidizers may be combined with heat exchangers to accommodate rich and lean burn conditions in the engine in peaking and base load conditions without producing high concentrations of harmful emissions.
Geisbrecht, Rodney A. (New Alexandria, PA); Holcombe, Norman T. (McMurray, PA)
2014-11-25 Issuance: Energy Conservation Standards for Small, Large, and Very Large Air-cooled Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment; Extension of Public Comment Period
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register extension of the public comment period regarding energy conservation standards for small, large and very large air-cool commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on November 25, 2014. Though it is not intended or expected, should any discrepancy occur between the document posted here and the document published in the Federal Register, the Federal Register publication controls. This document is being made available through the Internet solely as a means to facilitate the public's access to this document.
Future Air Conditioning Energy Consumption in Developing Countriesand what can be done about it: The Potential of Efficiency in theResidential Sector
The dynamics of air conditioning are of particular interestto energy analysts, both because of the high energy consumption of thisproduct, but also its disproportionate impact on peak load. This paperaddresses the special role of this end use as a driver of residentialelectricity consumption in rapidly developing economies. Recent historyhas shown that air conditioner ownership can grow grows more rapidly thaneconomic growth in warm-climate countries. In 1990, less than a percentof urban Chinese households owned an air conditioner; by 2003 this numberrose to 62 percent. The evidence suggests a similar explosion of airconditioner use in many other countries is not far behind. Room airconditioner purchases in India are currently growing at 20 percent peryear, with about half of these purchases attributed to the residentialsector. This paper draws on two distinct methodological elements toassess future residential air conditioner 'business as usual' electricityconsumption by country/region and to consider specific alternative 'highefficiency' scenarios. The first component is an econometric ownershipand use model based on household income, climate and demographicparameters. The second combines ownership forecasts and stock accountingwith geographically specific efficiency scenarios within a uniqueanalysis framework (BUENAS) developed by LBNL. The efficiency scenariomodule considers current efficiency baselines, available technologies,and achievable timelines for development of market transformationprograms, such as minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS) andlabeling programs. The result is a detailed set of consumption andemissions scenarios for residential air conditioning.
1996 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) -- Radionuclides. Annual report
Under Section 61.94 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H, ``National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities,`` each Department of Energy (DOE) facility must submit an annual report documenting compliance. This report addresses the Section 61.94 reporting requirements for operations at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for calendar year (CY) 1996. The Idaho Operations Office of the DOE is the primary contact concerning compliance with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) at the INEEL. For calendar year 1996, airborne radionuclide emissions from the INEEL operations were calculated to result in a maximum individual dose to a member of the public of 3.14E-02 mrem (3.14E-07 Sievert). This effective dose equivalent (EDE) is well below the 40 CFR 61, Subpart H, regulatory standard of 10 mrem per year (1.0E-04 Sievert per year).
Particulate matter emissions from a DISI engine under cold-fast-idle conditions for ethanol-gasoline blends
In an effort to build internal combustion engines with both reduced brake-specific fuel consumption and better emission control, engineers developed the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine. DISI engines combine ...
Dimou, Iason
ENGINEERING the Future of ENERGY Regional University Alliance National Energy Technology Laboratory Office of Research and Development The Future of Energy The time to redraw...
Energy Consumption Simulation and Analysis of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in Wuhan by the BIN Method
to simulate the annual energy consumption of groundwater heat pump systems (GWHPS) for an office building in Wuhan. Its annual energy consumption was obtained and compared with the partner of the air source heat pump systems (ASHPS). The results show...
Wen, Y.; Zhao, F.
Comfort, perceived air quality, and work performance in a low-power task-ambient conditioning system
way that when the spot cooling supply fan is on, it deliversnozzle. When the spot cooling supply fan is off, the localducted supply of cool air (called the spot cooling line) to
Zhang, Hui Ph.D; Kim, DongEun; Arens, Edward A; Buchberger, Elena; Bauman, Fred; Huizenga, Charlie
The effect of air charge temperature on performance, ignition delay and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using w/o emulsions as fuel
Most of the work performed on the use of water/oil emulsions in diesel engines showed that increasing the water content in the emulsified fuel was effective in reducing NO/sub x/ and soot emissions. Unfortunately, the increase in water content in the emulsified fuel also increases the ignition delay and may cause diesel knock. One way to reduce the ignition delay is to increase the air charge temperature. In this study, the effect of increasing the air charge temperature on ignition delay, performance and exhaust emissions was investigated. The experiments were conducted on a CLR diesel engine using base-line diesel fuel number2 and stabilized macro-emulsions containing 15 percent, 30 percent and 45 percent water by volume.
Afify, E.M.; Korah, N.S.; Dickey, D.W.
Prevention of ice formation in light-aircraft-engine induction systems by using an automatic control to operate the carburetor-air heater
LIBRARY A A III COLLEGE OF TEXAS PREVENTION OF ICE FORMATION IN LIGHT-AIRCRAFT-EIEIINE INDUCTION SYSTEMS BY USING AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL TO OPERATE THE CARBURETOB AIR HEATER A Thesis GARLAND BISHOP MHISENHUNT & JR SuIm&itted to the Graduate... School of the Agricultural and Mechanioal College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1955 MAJOR SUBJECT ' MECHANICAL ENGINEERING& PREVENTION OF ICE FORMATION IN LIGHT...
Whisenhunt, Garland Bishop
Engineering A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Aamodt, Tor - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia Aazhang, Behnaam -...
Proposal for the award of a contract for the supply and installation of an air-conditioning system for the CERN Computer Centre
This document concerns the award of a contract for the supply and installation of an air-conditioning system for the CERN Computer Centre. The Finance Committee is invited to agree to the negotiation of a contract with INIZIATIVE INDUSTRIALI (IT), the lowest bidder, for the supply and installation of an air-conditioning system for the CERN Computer Centre for a total amount of 2 375 280 euros (3 654 277 Swiss francs) not subject to revision, with options for additional chillers, chilled water coils and sound attenuation, for an additional amount of 539 053 euros (829 312 Swiss francs), bringing the total amount to 2 914 333 euros (4 483 589 Swiss francs), not subject to revision. The rate of exchange used is that stipulated in the tender.
The design, construction, and instrumentation of a chamber to study heat, mass, and momentum transfer from humid air to metal under conditions of frosting and free convection
THE DESIGN? CONSTRUCTION? AND INSTRUMENTATION OF A CEAMSER TO STUDY HEAT, MASS? AND MOSNTUM TRANSFER FROM HUMID AIR TO METAL UNDER CONDITIONS OF FROSTING AND FREE CONVECTION A Thesis By James P. Hutchison Submitted to the Graduate School... temperatures a cryogenic pump wss necessary. The sire of the pump was computed on the basis of maintaining a one degree Fahrenheit drop of the coolant temperature through the supply systms. The greatest heat load on the supply system being 3718 BTU per hour...
Hutchison, James P
Shockwave Engine: Wave Disk Engine
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: MSU is developing a new engine for use in hybrid automobiles that could significantly reduce fuel waste and improve engine efficiency. In a traditional internal combustion engine, air and fuel are ignited, creating high-temperature and high-pressure gases which expand rapidly. This expansion of gases forces the engine�s pistons to pump and powers the car. MSU�s engine has no pistons. It uses the combustion of air and fuel to build up pressure within the engine, generating a shockwave that blasts hot gas exhaust into the blades of the engine�s rotors causing them to turn, which generates electricity. MSU�s redesigned engine would be the size of a cooking pot and contain fewer moving parts�reducing the weight of the engine by 30%. It would also enable a vehicle that could use 60% of its fuel for propulsion.
UNIVERSITY of NEW HAMPSHIRE ENGINEERING
engineering, electrochemical engineering, environmental engineering, tissue engineering, air pollution control.D. Massachussetts Institute of Technology Research interests: Environmental Engineering, Pollution Prevention Environmental Impacts of Energy Derived Pollutants, Alternative Energy Sources, Developing New Materials
New Hampshire, University of
Internal combustion engine and method for control
In one exemplary embodiment of the invention an internal combustion engine includes a piston disposed in a cylinder, a valve configured to control flow of air into the cylinder and an actuator coupled to the valve to control a position of the valve. The internal combustion engine also includes a controller coupled to the actuator, wherein the controller is configured to close the valve when an uncontrolled condition for the internal engine is determined.
Brennan, Daniel G
Analysis of the Window Side Thermal Environment Formed by Air Barrier Technique in Winter Conditions and Its Economy
the energy-saving potential and thermal comfort of the air barrier technique used in office buildings. It also analyzes the surface temperature of the window by using the simulation software Airpak. According to the results, we can obtain the key control...
Huang, C.; Jia, Y.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.
Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine under Cold Fast Idle Conditions for Ethanol-Gasoline Blends
The engine out particular matter number (PN) distributions at engine coolant temperature (ECT) of 0� C to 40� C for ethanol/ gasoline blends (E0 to E85) have been measured for a direct-injection spark ignition engine under ...
Characterization of conditional state-engineering quantum processes by coherent state quantum process tomography
Conditional quantum optical processes enable a wide range of technologies from generation of highly non-classical states to implementation of quantum logic operations. The process fidelity that can be achieved in a realistic implementation depends on a number of system parameters. Here we experimentally examine Fock-state filtration, a canonical example of a broad class of conditional quantum operations acting on a single optical field mode. This operation is based upon interference of the mode to be manipulated with an auxiliary single-photon state at a beam splitter, resulting in the entanglement of the two output modes. A conditional projective measurement onto a single photon at one output mode heralds the success of the process. This operation, which implements a measurement-induced nonlinearity, is capable of suppressing particular photon-number probability amplitudes of an arbitrary quantum state. We employ coherent-state process tomography to determine the precise operation realized in our experiment. To identify the key sources of experimental imperfection, we develop a model of the process and identify three main contributions that significantly hamper its efficacy. The reconstructed tensor is compared with a model of the process taking into account sources of experimental imperfection with fidelity better than 0.95. This enables us to identify three key challenges to overcome in realizing a filter with high fidelity - namely the single-photon nature of the auxiliary state, high-mode overlap, and the need for number resolving detection when heralding. The results show that the filter does indeed exhibit a nonlinear response as a function of input photon number and preserves the phase relation between Fock layers of the output state, providing promise for future applications.
Merlin Cooper; Eirion Slade; Michal Karpinski; Brian J. Smith
Comparison of in-cylinder scavenging flows in a two-stroke cycle engine under motored and fired conditions
The in-cylinder flow field of a loop-scavenged, two-stroke engine has been characterized using laser Doppler velocimetry. The radial component of gas velocity was measured along the axis of the cylinder for both motored and fired operation. Measurements were obtained under conditions simulating both crankcase and external blower driven scavenging. Mean profiles of the radial velocity show marked differences in the global flow structure between motored and fired operation for both scavenging methods. These differences persist throughout the scavenging process and survive compression of the fresh charge. Root mean square (rms) velocity fluctuations near TDC were also determined, and significant differences between motored and fired operation are observed. The rms fluctuations are found to correlate well with the mean shear during compression.
Miles, P.C.; Green, R.M.; Witze, P.O.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits Kristi Busico ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the roles of the physicochemical components the relation between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular conditions using ambient air quality data
Mulholland, James A.
This invention relates to Stirling engines and to improved methods of operation whereby catalytic oxidation of a major proportion of the fuel takes place in the external combustor. An external combustion unit of a Stirling engine comprises a catalytic combustor having a thermally stable and oxidation resistant monolith made from and/or carrying a catalytic material and including a multiplicity of flow paths for catalytic combustion of combustible gases and injected fuel. The use of a catalytic combustor in accordance with this invention enables a Stirling or other engine fitted therewith to be used in areas such as mines and underwater installations where conventional flame combustion is impracticable or is controlled by stringent regulations.
Enga, B.E.
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsing Zirconia NanoparticlesSmart GrocerDepartment ofEngineer HonoredEngineering
Engineering Engineering
Engineering Engineering Technology & A T P E N N S T A T E 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 #12;2 Join us at penn state! Since 1896, Penn State has been a leader in engineering and engineering technology education varieties of engineering and engineering technology majors found anywhere in the United States. This means
Maroncelli, Mark
E85 Optimized Engine
Optimized Air System Layout Engine 5 8 7 3 1 2 4 MAP EGR Cooler Charge Air Cooler LH Turbo RH Turbo Throttle EGR Valve AirWater Heat Exchangers Wastegate Wastegate Surge valve...
Environmental Engineering
and human origins. Civil and Environmental Engineers create, con- struct, and manage the infrastructure water and air pollution as well as industrial and hazardous waste management. They monitor the quality, construc- tion, transportation, environmental engineering, and water resources. The Structural Engineering
Wang, Hai
Innovative Method for Performance Inspections often save 20-30% through Optimization of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
of performance?. (Nordtest.) Esbo, Finland. 16. NT VVS 116, 1997. ?Refrigeration and heat pump equipment: Check-ups and performance data inferred from measurements under field conditions in the refrigerant system?. (Nordtest.) Esbo, Finland. ESL-IC-10...
Berglof, K.
2014-09-23 Issuance: Energy Conservation Standard for Walk-in Coolers and Freezers; Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute Petition for Reconsideration Notice of Public Meeting
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register notice of public meeting regarding energy conservation standards for walk-in coolers and freezers; Air-Conditioning, Heating, & Refrigeration Institute petition for reconsideration, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on September 23, 2014. Though it is not intended or expected, should any discrepancy occur between the document posted here and the document published in the Federal Register, the Federal Register publication controls. This document is being made available through the Internet solely as a means to facilitate the public's access to this document.
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system for the HIE-ISOLDE infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system for the HIE-ISOLDE infrastructure
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system for the computer room of the CERN Control Centre
Proposal for the award of a contract for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system for the computer room of the CERN Control Centre
The physical features of distribution of the small dispersive coal dust particles and the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the absorber with the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules were researched in the case of the intensive air dust aerosol stream flow through the iodine air filter (IAF). It was shown that, at the certain aerodynamic conditions in the IAF, the generation of the acoustic oscillations is possible. It was found that the acoustic oscillations generation results in an appearance of the standing acoustic waves of the air pressure (density) in the IAF. In the case of the intensive blow of the air dust aerosol, it was demonstrated that the standing acoustic waves have some strong influences on both: 1) the dynamics of small dispersive coal dust particles movement and their accumulation in the IAF; 2) the oversaturation of the cylindrical coal granules by the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the regions, where the antinodes of the acoustic waves are positioned. Finally, we completed the comparative analysis of the theoretical calculations with the experimental results, obtained for the cases of: 1) the experimental aerodynamic modeling of physical processes of the absorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes distribution in the IAF; and 2) the gamma-activation spectroscopy analysis of the absorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes distribution in the IAF. We made the innovative propositions on the necessary technical modifications with the purpose to improve the IAF technical characteristics and increase its operational time at the nuclear power plant (NPP), going from the completed precise characterization of the IAF parameters at the long term operation.
Oleg P. Ledenyov; Ivan M. Neklyudov
Compressed air energy storage system
An internal combustion reciprocating engine is operable as a compressor during slack demand periods utilizing excess power from a power grid to charge air into an air storage reservoir and as an expander during peak demand periods to feed power into the power grid utilizing air obtained from the air storage reservoir together with combustible fuel. Preferably the internal combustion reciprocating engine is operated at high pressure and a low pressure turbine and compressor are also employed for air compression and power generation.
Ahrens, Frederick W. (Naperville, IL); Kartsounes, George T. (Naperville, IL)
Kalman Filtering for Real-Time Individual Cylinder Air Fuel Ratio Observer on a Diesel Engine Test Bench
Compression Ignition (HCCI) J. Chauvin (corresponding author) is a PhD Candidate in Mathematics and Control, cylinder-individual AFR esti- mation may provide crucial information to assist the HCCI engine controller
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsing Zirconia NanoparticlesSmart GrocerDepartment ofEngineer Honored
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest Region service area. TheEPSCI Home It is Partnershipsn eEngineering
EXCELLENTIA CoLumbIA ENgINEErINg22 eople suffering from brain diseases and conditions ranging from traumatic brain
HEALTH EXCELLENTIA CoLumbIA ENgINEErINg22 P eople suffering from brain diseases and conditions ranging from traumatic brain injury to brain cancer to progressive brain disorders could be helped if therapeu- tic drugs could be easily delivered to the affected areas. The blood-brain barrier (BBB
Hone, James
School Conditions Will Continue to Earn Failing Grades
School Conditions Will Continue to Earn Failing Grades Jeffrey K. Sonne Senior Research Engineer Robin K. Vieira Director, Buildings Research Division Florida Solar Energy Center Cocoa, Florida James B. Cummings Program Manager ABSTRACT... This study addresses indoor air quality and general conditions problems in schools throughout the United States. Tools employed to investigate conditions include a nationwide, web-based survey, characterization of actual operating conditions in schools...
Sonne, J. K.; Vieira, R. K.; Cummings, J. B.
Versatile, fuel-powered active gas mask or room air purifier Paul D. Ronney, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
temperature (250°C 400°C), a catalyst is required. Breakdown products of chemical-agent molecules eitherVersatile, fuel-powered active gas mask or room air purifier Paul D. Ronney, Department Number: CBDIF-2006-PRO01 (Individual Protection) Motivation and approach Practically all chemical
Risk Factors in Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systemsfor Occupant Symptoms in U.S. Office Buildings: the EPA BASE Study
Nonspecific building-related symptoms among occupants of modern office buildings worldwide are common and may be associated with important reductions in work performance, but their etiology remains uncertain. Characteristics of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in office buildings that increase risk of indoor contaminants or reduce effectiveness of ventilation may cause adverse exposures and subsequent increase in these symptoms among occupants. We analyzed data collected by the U.S. EPA from a representative sample of 100 large U.S. office buildings--the Building Assessment and Survey Evaluation (BASE) study--using multivariate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations adjusted for potential personal and building confounders. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between seven building-related symptom outcomes and selected HVAC system characteristics. Among factors of HVAC design or configuration: Outdoor air intakes less than 60 m above the ground were associated with approximately doubled odds of most symptoms assessed. Sealed (non-operable) windows were associated with increases in skin and eye symptoms (ORs= 1.9, 1.3, respectively). Outdoor air intake without an intake fan was associated with an increase in eye symptoms (OR=1.7). Local cooling coils were associated with increased headache (OR=1.5). Among factors of HVAC condition, maintenance, or operation: the presence of humidification systems in good condition was associated with an increase in headache (OR=1.4), whereas the presence of humidification systems in poor condition was associated with increases in fatigue/difficulty concentrating, as well as upper respiratory symptoms (ORs=1.8, 1.5). No regularly scheduled inspections for HVAC components was associated with increased eye symptoms, cough and upper respiratory symptoms (ORs=2.2, 1.6, 1.5). Less frequent cleaning of cooling coils or drip pans was associated with increased headache (OR=1.6). Fair or poor condition of duct liner was associated with increased upper respiratory symptoms (OR=1.4). Most of the many potential risk factors assessed here had not been investigated previously, and associations found with single symptoms may have been by chance, including several associations that were the reverse of expected. Risk factors newly identified in these analyses that deserve attention include outdoor air intakes less than 60 m above the ground, lack of operable windows, poorly maintained humidification systems, and lack of scheduled inspection for HVAC systems. Infrequent cleaning of cooling coils and drain pans were associated with increases in several symptoms in these as well as prior analyses of BASE data. Replication of these findings is needed, using more objective measurements of both exposure and health response. Confirmation of the specific HVAC factors responsible for increased symptoms in buildings, and development of prevention strategies could have major public health and economic benefits worldwide.
Mendell, M.J.; Lei-Gomez, Q.; Mirer, A.; Seppanen, O.; Brunner, G.
Residential Forced Air System Cabinet Leakage and Blower Performance
Driven�Unitary� Air?Conditioning�and�Heat�Pump�Equipment�. �Air�Conditioning�&� Air?source�Heat�Pump�Equipment. �Air?apply�to�the�air�handlers�of�heat�pumps�and�electric�
Walker, Iain S.
The Engineered Approach to Energy and Maintenance Effective Steam Trapping
., Chemical Engineering 9/1/75. 4. Maintenance Engineering, May 1976. 5. "How Much Does Lost Steam Cost",Armstrong Machine works, Hydrocarbon Processing, p.129, Jan. 1976. 6. "Setter Steam Trapping Cuts Energy Waste", wesley Yates, Yarway Corp..., Georgia Tech Industrial Energy Extension Service, Chemical Engineering, 2/11/80. 10. ''Basic Facts & Enerqv Saving Tips" ,Lawrence R. O'Dell, Armstrong Machine Works, Heating/Piping/ Air Conditioning, May 1977. 11. Steam Trap Report - Energy Loss...
Krueger, R. G.; Wilt, G. W.
Meteorology · Air Pollution Physics and Chemistry · Atmospheric Aerosols · Atmospheric Boundary Layer waste engineering; ground water modeling and treatment; air quality monitoring, pollution control with faculty in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering
Wang, Yuhang
Method and system for controlled combustion engines
A system for controlling combustion in internal combustion engines of both the Diesel or Otto type, which relies on establishing fluid dynamic conditions and structures wherein fuel and air are entrained, mixed and caused to be ignited in the interior of a multiplicity of eddies, and where these structures are caused to sequentially fill the headspace of the cylinders.
Oppenheim, A. K. (Berkeley, CA)
On fuel selection in controlled auto-ignition engines : the link between intake conditions, chemical kinetics, and stratification
The objective of this research is to examine the impact fuel selection can have on the high-load limit in a stratified Compression Auto-Ignition (CAI) engine. This was accomplished by first studying the validity of the ...
Maria, Amir Gamal
With harmful ozone concentrations tied to meteorological conditions, EPA investigates the U.S. air quality implications of a changing climate.
%, vehicle miles traveled increased 103% and energy consumption increased 30% (U.S. EPA 2008). Air pollution- port emphasized that the U.S. air quality management system must be "flexible and vigilant" to ensure
Cohen, Ronald C.
an air conditioner for the first time, or by replacements ofair conditioner lifetime. Each retirement generates another replacementreplacements. Step 1 is described in detail in the section called Forecasting Air Conditioner
an air conditioner for the first time, or by replacements ofair conditioner lifetime. Each retirement generates another replacementand replacements. Step 1 is described in detail in the section called Forecasting Air Conditioner
Effects of fuel octane number and inlet air temperature on knock characteristics of a single cylinder engine
A dual sample rate technique has been developed and applied to measuring in-cylinder pressure and its oscillations due to autoignition. The harmonics of in-cylinder oscillations were found in good agreement with those obtained from the solutions of wave equation in a cylindrical container. The time of knock relative to spark timing was almost independent of the knock intensity, fuel octane number, and inlet air temperature. The knock intensity was almost constant up to the spark advance when about 100% of the cycles were knocking, further spark advance resulted in higher knock intensity. The mass fraction of unburned fuel at the time of knock was about 10% and was independent of the frequency of the cycles knocking. These observations indicated that the phenomenon of knock is a single-site autoignition for intermittent knock and multi-site autoignition for severe knocking.
Haghgooie, M.
Towards cleaner combustion engines through groundbreaking detailed chemical kinetic models
Ignition (HCCI) engines. The HCCI engine is characterised by the fact that the fuel and air are mixed
Conversion of a diesel engine to a spark ignition natural gas engine
Requirements for alternatives to diesel-fueled vehicles are developing, particularly in urban centers not in compliance with mandated air quality standards. An operator of fleets of diesel- powered vehicles may be forced to either purchase new vehicles or equip some of the existing fleets with engines designed or modified to run on alternative fuels. In converting existing vehicles, the operator can either replace the existing engine or modify it to burn an alternative fuel. Work described in this report addresses the problem of modifying an existing diesel engine to operate on natural gas. Tecogen has developed a technique for converting turbocharged automotive diesel engines to operate as dedicated spark-ignition engines with natural gas fuel. The engine cycle is converted to a more-complete-expansion cycle in which the expansion ratio of the original engine is unchanged while the effective compression ratio is lowered, so that engine detonation is avoided. The converted natural gas engine, with an expansion ratio higher than in conventional spark- ignition natural gas engines, offers thermal efficiency at wide-open- throttle conditions comparable to its diesel counterpart. This allows field conversion of existing engines. Low exhaust emissions can be achieved when the engine is operated with precise control of the fuel air mixture at stoichiometry with a 3-way catalyst. A Navistar DTA- 466 diesel engine with an expansion ratio of 16.5 to 1 was converted in this way, modifying the cam profiles, increasing the turbocharger boost pressure, incorporating an aftercooler if not already present, and adding a spark-ignition system, natural gas fuel management system, throttle body for load control, and an electronic engine control system. The proof-of-concept engine achieved a power level comparable to that of the diesel engine without detonation. A conversion system was developed for the Navistar DT 466 engine. NOx emissions of 1.5 g/bhp-h have been obtained.
.......Agnew Hall .......Air Conditioning Facility
/Burleson Tennis Center .......Burruss Hall .......Campbell Hall .......Cassell Coliseum .......Central Stores .......Dietrick Hall .......Durham Hall .......Eggleston Hall .......Engel Hall D.....English Field .......Femoyer .......Golf Course Clubhouse .......Graduate Life Center at ........Donaldson Brown .......Greenhouses
Buehrer, R. Michael
Air Quality
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUCProductstwrmrAre theAdministratorCFM LEAPAgendaConditioning AirWhy » Air
E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutant control Sample Search Results
Engineering Summary: pollution prevention and control regulations and guidelines. Air pollution control engineering. Global... .F. Warner and W.T. Davis, Air Pollution: Its...
Radiological engineering evaluation of the delay time line air scrubber located at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of an air scrubber to an already existing delay line and whether it would scrub {sup 11}CO{sub 2}. There were three main objectives of this study. The first objective was to determine the scrubbing efficiency of the scrubber. The scrubbing efficiency was then used to predict the dose rates in the scrubber area and compare those values with measurements from radiological surveys. The third objective was to determine if the shield blocks were effective in reducing the dose rates in the scrubber area. The activities were measured before and during scrubber operation and this information was used to calculate the scrubbing efficiency and the efficiency of {sup 11}CO{sub 2} removal was determined to be around 50%. Microshield was then used to predict dose rates and compared those values with measurements from radiological surveys. This was also used to determine the that the shield blocks around the scrubber were effective in reducing the dose rates from the radiation field produced by the radionuclides in the scrubber.
Huneycutt, S.E.
Serial cooling of a combustor for a gas turbine engine
A combustor for a gas turbine engine uses compressed air to cool a combustor liner and uses at least a portion of the same compressed air for combustion air. A flow diverting mechanism regulates compressed air flow entering a combustion air plenum feeding combustion air to a plurality of fuel nozzles. The flow diverting mechanism adjusts combustion air according to engine loading.
Abreu, Mario E. (Poway, CA); Kielczyk, Janusz J. (Escondido, CA)
Engine lubrication oil aeration
The lubrication system of an internal combustion engine serves many purposes. It lubricates moving parts, cools the engine, removes impurities, supports loads, and minimizes friction. The entrapment of air in the lubricating ...
Baran, Bridget A. (Bridget Anne)
The Measured Energy Impact of Infiltration Under Dynamic Conditions
Energy Engineering, Vol. 112, 1990, pp. 132-139. Guo Jun, Liu Mingsheng, 1985, "The Energy Saving Effect of Double Frame Windows," Proceedings oj the CLlMA 2()(x) World Congress in Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning, Copenhagen, Denmark...
Liu, M.; Claridge, D. E.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air flow Sample Search Results
Majid - School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University Collection: Engineering ; Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 2 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR...
Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer processes during scavenging in a two-stroke engine under steady-state conditions
A numerical simulation of the scavenging process in a two-stroke flat-piston model engine has been developed. Air enters the cylinder circumferentially, inducting a three-dimensional turbulent swirling flow. The problem was modeled as a steady-state axisymmetric flow through a cylinder with uniform wall temperature. The steady-state regime was simulated by assuming the piston head fixed at the bottom dead center. The calculation was performed employing the {kappa}-{epsilon} model of turbulence. A comparison of the results obtained for the flow field with available experimental data showed very good agreement, and a comparison with an available numerical solution revealed superior results. The effects of the Reynolds number, inlet port angles, and engine geometry on the flow and in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics were investigated. The Nusselt number substantially increases with larger Reynolds numbers and a smaller bore-to-stroke ratio. It is shown that the positioning of the exhaust value(s) is the main parameter to control the scavenging process.
Castro Gouveia, M. de; Reis Parise, J.A. dos; Nieckele, A.O. (Pontificia Univ. Catolica, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))
Experimental and numerical study of the behavior of three-way catalytic converters under different engine operation conditions
The thesis reports the studies on how the three-way catalytic converters behave under different operation conditions. The main focus of the work is in the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalyst. Rich-to-lean ...
Zhang, Yuetao
air bag parameter: Topics by E-print Network
air temperatures... conditions. The design of this study was based on the relation- ship of four parameters: air temperature, air velocity, radiant heat, and globe...
High-Efficiency Window Air Conditioners - Building America Top...
Window Air Conditioners - Building America Top Innovation This photo shows a window air conditioning unit in place in a window frame. Window air conditioners are inexpensive,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air force expeditionary Sample Search Results
Air ... Source: US Army Corps of Engineers - Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CERC) Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, MS Collection: Engineering 3 TSgt Kipling W....
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EMISSIONS TO AIR OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE Swansea University Estates Services Singleton Park Swansea to Air Department: Estates and Facilities Site: All Author: Ambreen Jahangir Approved by: Mark Durdin PURPOSE: To minimise emissions and discharges to air from boilers, fume cupboards, air conditioning
Harman, Neal.A.
Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering
, enery con- servation, indoor air quality, and thermal comfort. Construction engineering and management quality, and wastewater engineer- ing. Geotechnical and geonenvironmental research em- phasizes soil mechanics, rock mechanics, engineering geology, earthquake engineering, soil structure, and soil
Heller, Barbara
Civil and Environmental Engineering The George R. Brown School of Engineering
) environmental engineering (air and water quality, transport theory, modeling, and energy) (2) hydrology) urbaninfrastructureandmanagement(transportationsystems,complex urban systems, soil mechanics, engineering economics, management1 Civil and Environmental Engineering The George R. Brown School of Engineering Chair Pedro J. J
Richards-Kortum, Rebecca
China Energy Efficiency Round Robin Testing Results for Room Air Conditioners
check in the air conditioning products category is indicatednumber of domestic air conditioning product manufacturers100 million worth of air conditioner products to 14 major
Zhou, Nan
Cutting NOx from Diesel Engines with Membrane-Generated Nitrogen...
Cutting NOx from Diesel Engines with Membrane-Generated Nitrogen-Enriched Air Cutting NOx from Diesel Engines with Membrane-Generated Nitrogen-Enriched Air 2005 Diesel Engine...
Why Air Quality Air Quality To preserve our existing wilderness-area air quality, LANL implements a conscientious program of air monitoring. April 12, 2012 Real-time data...
Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2012 HVAC Filter Sensor -Global
PENNSTATE Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2012 HVAC Filter Sensor - Global Overview The purpose of this project is to develop a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) monitoring a residential, forced flow, multi-zone HVAC filter needs to be replaced, and then alerts the users
Under Review for Publication in ASME J. Solar Energy Engineering SOL-12-1058 Life Estimation of Pressurized-Air Solar-Thermal Receiver Tubes
for a Brayton-cycle engine are challenging, and lack a large body of operational data unlike steam plants. WeUnder Review for Publication in ASME J. Solar Energy Engineering SOL-12-1058 Life Estimation estimates showed that the Brayton engine's turbine inlet temperature needs to be at least 1100 K
Tomkins, Andrew
MAGNESIUM OXIDE AN ENGINEERED BARRIER 2009 EPA WIPP RECERTIFICATION FACT SHEET United States Environmental Protection Agency | Office of Air and Radiation (6608J) | June 2009
MAGNESIUM OXIDE AN ENGINEERED BARRIER 2009 EPA WIPP RECERTIFICATION FACT SHEET United States://www.epa.gov/radiation/wipp/index.html MAGNESIUM OXIDE AN ENGINEERED BARRIER Why is MgO Used At WIPP? The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposed the use of magnesium oxide (MgO) as an engineered barrier in the Compliance Certification
Department of Engineering In this issue
Manufacturing Engineering Design Show 2009 8 Electric aircraft take to the air 9 Helen Makey has won a 6 month
Talbot, James P.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air transported particles Sample Search...
ElkinsLorelei Elkins Summary: pollution)each year due to fine particle pollution) 12;and Air Pollution linked to...and Air Pollution... Maintenance TiresTires EngineEngine Air...
air bag system: Topics by E-print Network
an advanced gas engine... Lindsay, B. B.; Koplow, M. D. 1988-01-01 46 Compressed Air Energy Savings: SAV-AIR Monitor and Control System and the PNW Compressed Air Challenge...
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on the Flammability Limit of Stretched Methane/Air Premixed Flames
], thereby enabling stable combustion at lean mixture conditions. In the case of natural gas engines, enriching the fuel with hydrogen has the proven benefits of improving the combustion stability and reducingEffect of Hydrogen Addition on the Flammability Limit of Stretched Methane/Air Premixed Flames
Im, Hong G.
Hacettepe University Environmental Engineering
,Turkey. Research Interests - Indoor and outdoor air pollution, statistical data analysis, environmental management.Sc., and Ph.D.) Industrial Engineering (B.Sc) Environmental Engineering (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) Mining Engineering. Research Interests - Water pollution control, physical-chemical processes for water and wastewater
Köprülü, Kahraman Güçlü
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-to-air heat pumps Sample Search Results
conditions... data on the seasonal performance of air-to-air residential heat pump systems. The purpose of this paper... of operation 10, 197778, the Control House ......
Engineering Technician
Alternate Title(s):Civil Engineering Technician; Electrical Engineering Technician; Mechanical Engineering Technician; Environmental Engineering Technician
Cromer Cycle Air Conditioner: A Unique Air-Conditioner Desiccant Cycle to Enhance Dehumidification and Save Energy
-Enhanced Cooling and Dehumidification System," ASBRAE Transactions 1994, V.100, Pt. 2, #3816, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA, 1994 [7] Chant, E. E., Transient and Stearj, State Simulations of an Advanced..., the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimate from their surveys that 30% of their customers use dehumidifiers. [1] In supermarkets, where much of the sensible cooling is already done by the display cases, wasteful overcooling is done...
Advanced Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine(s)
Energy independence and fuel savings are hallmarks of the nation�s energy strategy. The advancement of natural gas reciprocating engine power generation technology is critical to the nation�s future. A new engine platform that meets the efficiency, emissions, fuel flexibility, cost and reliability/maintainability targets will enable American manufacturers to have highly competitive products that provide substantial environmental and economic benefits in the US and in international markets. Along with Cummins and Waukesha, Caterpillar participated in a multiyear cooperative agreement with the Department of Energy to create a 50% efficiency natural gas powered reciprocating engine system with a 95% reduction in NOx emissions by the year 2013. This platform developed under this agreement will be a significant contributor to the US energy strategy and will enable gas engine technology to remain a highly competitive choice, meeting customer cost of electricity targets, and regulatory environmental standard. Engine development under the Advanced Reciprocating Engine System (ARES) program was divided into phases, with the ultimate goal being approached in a series of incremental steps. This incremental approach would promote the commercialization of ARES technologies as soon as they emerged from development and would provide a technical and commercial foundation of later-developing technologies. Demonstrations of the Phase I and Phase II technology were completed in 2004 and 2008, respectively. Program tasks in Phase III included component and system development and testing from 2009-2012. Two advanced ignition technology evaluations were investigated under the ARES program: laser ignition and distributed ignition (DIGN). In collaboration with Colorado State University (CSU), a laser ignition system was developed to provide ignition at lean burn and high boost conditions. Much work has been performed in Caterpillar�s DIGN program under the ARES program. This work has consisted of both modeling and single cylinder engine experiments to quantify DIGN performance. The air handling systems of natural gas engines dissipate a percentage of available energy as a result of both flow losses and turbomachinery inefficiencies. An analytical study was initiated to increase compressor efficiency by employing a 2-stage inter-cooled compressor. Caterpillar also studied a turbo-compound system that employs a power turbine to recover energy from the exhaust gases for improved engine efficiency. Several other component and system investigations were undertaken during the final phase of the program to reach the ultimate ARES goals. An intake valve actuation system was developed and tested to improve engine efficiency, durability and load acceptance. Analytical modeling and materials testing were performed to evaluate the performance of steel pistons and compacted graphite iron cylinder head. Effort was made to improve the detonation sensing system by studying and comparing the performance of different pressure sensors. To reduce unburned hydrocarbon emissions, different camshafts were designed and built to investigate the effect of exhaust valve opening timing and value overlap. 1-D & 3-D coupled simulation was used to study intake and exhaust manifold dynamics with the goal of reducing load in-balance between cylinders. Selective catalytic reduction with on-board reductant generation to reduce NOx emissions was also engine tested. An effective mean to successfully deploy ARES technologies into the energy markets is to deploy demonstration projects in the field. In 2010, NETL and Caterpillar agreed to include a new �opportunity fuel� deliverable and two field demonstrations in the ARES program. An Organic Rankine Cycle system was designed with production intent incorporating lessons learned from the Phase II demonstration. Unfortunately, business conditions caused Caterpillar to cancel this demonstration in 2011. Nonetheless, Caterpillar partnered with a local dealer to deploy an ARES class engine using syngas from a biomass gasifier as
Kwok, Doris; Boucher, Cheryl
CHAIR OF AERO ENGINES #12;, CHAIR OF AERO ENGINES 02/03 HEAD OF CHAIR PROF. DR.-ING. DIETER PEITSCH of this approach is the propulsion and so, the chair of aero engines has been a nucleus for the development of ILR straight from its establishment. Today, the activities of the chair focus on air breathing engines
Berlin,Technische Universität
Air Force Research Laboratory Placement: Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Research Laboratory Placement: Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton OH Discipline(s): Materials science/engineering, chemical. Description: We are looking for a qualified candidate to join our team at the Air Force Research Laboratory
Alpay, S. Pamir
Environmental Aspects of Air Transportation
Innovation Center #12;2 Aviation and Climate #12;3 Combustion Products Commercial jet fuel is essentially FOR AIR TRANSPORTATIONCENTER FOR AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS RESEARCHSYSTEMS RESEARCH Metron Aviation GMU, and the process inside real engines is considerably more complex. Typical emission rates for jet aircraft (grams
High-Compression-Ratio; Atkinson-Cycle Engine Using Low-Pressure Direct Injection and Pneumatic-Electronic Valve Actuation Enabled by Ionization Current and Foward-Backward Mass Air Flow Sensor Feedback
This report describes the work completed over a two and one half year effort sponsored by the US Department of Energy. The goal was to demonstrate the technology needed to produce a highly efficient engine enabled by several technologies which were to be developed in the course of the work. The technologies included: (1) A low-pressure direct injection system; (2) A mass air flow sensor which would measure the net airflow into the engine on a per cycle basis; (3) A feedback control system enabled by measuring ionization current signals from the spark plug gap; and (4) An infinitely variable cam actuation system based on a pneumatic-hydraulic valve actuation These developments were supplemented by the use of advanced large eddy simulations as well as evaluations of fuel air mixing using the KIVA and WAVE models. The simulations were accompanied by experimental verification when possible. In this effort a solid base has been established for continued development of the advanced engine concepts originally proposed. Due to problems with the valve actuation system a complete demonstration of the engine concept originally proposed was not possible. Some of the highlights that were accomplished during this effort are: (1) A forward-backward mass air flow sensor has been developed and a patent application for the device has been submitted. We are optimistic that this technology will have a particular application in variable valve timing direct injection systems for IC engines. (2) The biggest effort on this project has involved the development of the pneumatic-hydraulic valve actuation system. This system was originally purchased from Cargine, a Swedish supplier and is in the development stage. To date we have not been able to use the actuators to control the exhaust valves, although the actuators have been successfully employed to control the intake valves. The reason for this is the additional complication associated with variable back pressure on the exhaust valves when they are opened. As a result of this effort, we have devised a new design and have filed for a patent on a method of control which is believed to overcome this problem. The engine we have been working with originally had a single camshaft which controlled both the intake and exhaust valves. Single cycle lift and timing control was demonstrated with this system. (3) Large eddy simulations and KIVA based simulations were used in conjunction with flow visualizations in an optical engine to study fuel air mixing. During this effort we have devised a metric for quantifying fuel distribution and it is described in several of our papers. (4) A control system has been developed to enable us to test the benefits of the various technologies. This system used is based on Opal-RT hardware and is being used in a current DOE sponsored program.
Harold Schock; Farhad Jaberi; Ahmed Naguib; Guoming Zhu; David Hung
Controlling And Operating Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (Hcci) Engines
A Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine system includes an engine that produces exhaust gas. A vaporization means vaporizes fuel for the engine an air induction means provides air for the engine. An exhaust gas recirculation means recirculates the exhaust gas. A blending means blends the vaporized fuel, the exhaust gas, and the air. An induction means inducts the blended vaporized fuel, exhaust gas, and air into the engine. A control means controls the blending of the vaporized fuel, the exhaust gas, and the air and for controls the inducting the blended vaporized fuel, exhaust gas, and air into the engine.
Flowers, Daniel L. (San Leandro, CA)
Acknowledgements This report represents the efforts of many experts from the air conditioning industry who Manufacturer Freus Air Conditioning Jim Bazemore Consultant Energy Market Innovations, Inc. Doug Beaman of Heating and Air Conditioning Industries Kahn Air Conditioning Tav Commins Staff, Buildings
Engineering Electrical &
Computer Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering Mechatronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Natural Resources Engineering Forest Engineering Chemical & Process Engineering ELECTIVE 2 Required Engineering Intermediate Year 2011 Eight Required Courses Chart: 120 points College
Hickman, Mark
Computer Engineering Electrical & Electronic Engineering Mechatronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Natural Resources Engineering Forest Engineering Chemical & Process Engineering ELECTIVE 2 Required Engineering Intermediate Year 2012 Eight Required Courses Chart: 120 points College
Engineering Building a better
IN AREAS SUCH AS ARTS, CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT, AND SOFTWARE of water, land, and air resources are sustainable, and that environmental pollution and degradation. Concerns for environmental quality, energy conserva- tion, infrastructure restoration, and public safety
Barthelat, Francois
Engineering Engineering Education
E School of Engineering Engineering Education in a University Setting 292 Degree Programs in Engineering 294 Special Programs 296 Honors 298 Academic Regulations 300 Courses of Study 305 Engineering of Engineering is the largest and oldest private engineering school in the South. Classes offering engineering
Simaan, Nabil
Applying a Domestic Water-cooled Air-conditioner in Subtropical Cities
Water-cooled air-conditioning systems (WACS) are in general more energy efficient than air-cooled air-conditioning systems (AACS), especially in subtropical climates where the outdoor air is hot and humid. Related studies focused on evaluating...
Lee, W.; Chen, H.
Internal combustion engine system
This patent describes an internal combustion engine system comprising: an engine body including a main combustion engine for transmitting the power generated by explosion pressure to a pumping piston and a power transmission apparatus for transmitting to a power crank shaft power that is increased by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of a combustion chamber piston to a power piston. The stroke distance of the combustion chamber piston is equal to that of the power piston; a swash plate-type stirling engine coupled to an exhaust gas outlet of the main combustion engine to be driven by exhaust heat therefrom; a one-stage screw-type compressor coupled by a driving shaft to the swash plate-type stirling engine, thereby generating a great amount of compressed air; a turbo-charger mounted adjacent to a gas outlet of the stirling engine to force a supply of fresh air into the combustion chamber of the main combustion engine; a booster being mounted between a compressed air source and the power transmission apparatus to amplify the air pressure derived from the compressed air source and then provide the amplified air pressure to the power transmission apparatus by operation of a cam in accordance with the rotation of the first crankshaft; compressed air sources being mounted between the compressor and the booster for storing a great amount of compressed air from the compressor; and an accumulator in communication with the power transmission apparatus through a fluid oil pipe, thereby maintaining constant control of the oil pressure in the power transmission apparatus.
Nam, C.W.
Environmental Conditions Environmental Conditions
Environmental Conditions Environmental Conditions Appendix II The unique geology, hydrology and instream habitat. This chapter examines how environmental conditions in the Deschutes watershed affect, the discussion characterizes the environmental conditions within three watershed areas: the Lower Deschutes
Development and Demonstration of a Fuel-Efficient HD Engine ...
Discusses engine efficiency contributions of enhanced fuel injection rematched to new piston geometry, improved charge air system, revised base engine components reduce friction...
Future Breathing System Requirements for Clean Diesel Engines
Breathing System Requirements for Clean Diesel Engines Poster Location P23 Motivation Results Understand engine air system requirements to reduce NOx Identify...
Air Gap Tunin Yilin Mao, Yashwanth
Air Gap Tunin Yilin Mao, Yashwanth Electrical Engineering Departm The Unive email@example.com, ypadooru@ Abstract-- An adjustable air gap was proposed the resonant frequency of patch antennas the frequency of coaxially fed p center conductor has to be de-soldered and r time the width of the air gap
Elsherbeni, Atef Z.
Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment
Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment S.C. Jain Professor and Research Engineer Dept. Civil, C., "Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment," in Proceedings of the 48th SFSA Technical An analysis is reported of the water modeling experiments of Bates et al. (1994) to study air entrainment
Beckermann, Christoph
Multi-timescale modeling of ignition and flame regimes of n-heptane-air mixtures near spark assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition conditions
The flame regimes of ignition and flame propagation as well as transitions between different flame regimes of n-heptane-air mixtures in a one-dimensional, cylindrical, spark assisted homogeneously charged compression ignition (HCCI) reactor are numerically modeled using a multi-timescale method with reduced kinetic mechanism. It is found that the initial mixture temperature and pressure have a dramatic impact on flame dynamics. Depending on the initial temperature gradient, there exist at least six different combustion regimes, an initial single flame front propagation regime, a coupled low temperature and high temperature double-flame regime, a decoupled low temperature and high temperature double-flame regime, a low temperature ignition regime, a single high temperature flame regime, and a hot ignition regime. The results show that the low temperature and high temperature flames have distinct kinetic and transport properties as well as flame speeds, and are strongly influenced by the low temperature chemistry. The pressure and heat release rates are affected by the appearance of different flame regimes and the transitions between them. Furthermore, it is found that the critical temperature gradient for ignition and acoustic wave coupling becomes singular at the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region. The results show that both the NTC effect and the acoustic wave propagation in a closed reactor have a dramatic impact on the ignition front and acoustic interaction.
Ju, Yiguang; Sun, Wenting; Burke, M. P.; Gou, Xiaolong; Chen, Zheng
E-Print Network 3.0 - air temperature inversions Sample Search...
Laboratory Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology ; Engineering 4 Air Pollution Physics and Chemistry EASCEE 6790 Home Work Assignment No. 1, Air Pollution...
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George Mason University, Center for Air Transportation Systems Research Collection: Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization ; Engineering 4 2010 Air Canada Elite Program...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air study 1999-2001 Sample Search Results
& Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Dayton Collection: Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization 33 inAir: Measuring and Visualizing Indoor Air...
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search results for: air particulate samples Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships: Diesel Engine Particulate Emission Reduction via...
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Engineering Summary: pollutants, human exposure to indoor air pollution, and control of indoor pollutants. Much of the research... building energy, indoor air quality, or...
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University Collection: Materials Science ; Engineering 63 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and...
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University of Nebraska-Lincoln Collection: Engineering 67 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: , the use of a water system to model air...
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Power plant including an exhaust gas recirculation system for injecting recirculated exhaust gases in the fuel and compressed air of a gas turbine engine
A power plant is provided and includes a gas turbine engine having a combustor in which compressed gas and fuel are mixed and combusted, first and second supply lines respectively coupled to the combustor and respectively configured to supply the compressed gas and the fuel to the combustor and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to re-circulate exhaust gas produced by the gas turbine engine toward the combustor. The EGR system is coupled to the first and second supply lines and configured to combine first and second portions of the re-circulated exhaust gas with the compressed gas and the fuel at the first and second supply lines, respectively.
Anand, Ashok Kumar; Nagarjuna Reddy, Thirumala Reddy; Shaffer, Jason Brian; York, William David
Combustion characteristics of dry coal-powder-fueled adiabatic diesel engine: Final report
This report describes the progress and findings of a research program aimed at investigating the combustion characteristics of dry coal powder fueled diesel engine. During this program, significant achievements were made in overcoming many problems facing the coal-powder-fueled engine. The Thermal Ignition Combustion System (TICS) concept was used to enhance the combustion of coal powder fuel. The major coal-fueled engine test results and accomplishments are as follows: design, fabrication and engine testing of improved coal feed system for fumigation of coal powder to the intake air; design, fabrication and engine testing of the TICS chamber made from a superalloy material (Hastelloy X); design, fabrication and engine testing of wear resistant chrome oxide ceramic coated piston rings and cylinder liner; lubrication system was improved to separate coal particles from the contaminated lubricating oil; control of the ignition timing of fumigated coal powder by utilizing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable TICS chamber temperature; coal-fueled engine testing was conducted in two configurations: dual fuel (with diesel pilot) and 100% coal-fueled engine without diesel pilot or heated intake air; cold starting of the 100% coal-powder-fueled engine with a glow plug; and coal-fueled-engine was operated from 800 to 1800 rpm speed and idle to full load engine conditions.
Kakwani, R.M.; Kamo, R.
engineering (coe) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
s by gender College of engineering (coe) Enrollment 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Male 1,888 1,901 1 Engineering (ChBE) Civil Engineering (CE) · Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Computer Science (CS) Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE) Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (M&IE) Air Force ROTC Army ROTC
Dyer, Bill
Room air stratification in combined chilled ceiling and displacement ventilation systems.
Environments. Proceedings of Indoor Air 2005: 10 thInternational Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate,displacement ventilation hybrid air conditioning system-
Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred; Tully, Brad; Rimmer, Julian
Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines
The reciprocating, or piston-driven, engine is a widespread and well-known technology. Also called internal combustion engines, reciprocating engines require fuel, air, compression, and a combustion source to function. Depending on the ignition source, they generally fall into two categories: (1) spark-ignited engines, typically fueled by gasoline or natural gas, and (2) compression-ignited engines, typically fueled by diesel oil fuel.
Engine system for ships
This patent describes an engine system for ships, comprising: an engine body including a main combustion engine for transmitting the power generated by explosion pressure to a pumping piston and a power transmission apparatus for transmitting to a power crank shaft the power that is increased by the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of a combustion chamber piston to a power piston, wherein the stroke distance of the combustion chamber piston is equal to that of the power piston; one or more swash plate-type stirling engines coupled to the exhaust gas outlet of the main combustion engine to be driven by the exhaust gas heat; a single-stage screw-type compressor coupled by the drive shaft to the swash plate-type stirling engine; thereby generating a great amount of compressed air; a compressed air source connected to the compressor for storing a great amount of compressed air from the compressor; a booster connected between the compressed air source and the power transmission apparatus to amplify the air pressure derived from the compressed air source and then to provide the amplified air pressure to the power transmission apparatus by operation of the cam in accordance with the rotation of a crank shaft; an accumulator in communication with the power transmission apparatus through a fluid oil pipe, thereby maintaining constant control of the oil pressure in the power transmission apparatus; and a compressed air control device for intake and exhaust of compressed air which is added and released to/from the pumping piston of the power transmission apparatus.
Chemical Engineering Andrew Zydney
;ChE Employment (2003 at PSU) Merck Dow ExxonMob Air Products Amgen PPG Sunoco Kraft Foods NRC Procter, microelectronics, consumer products, biotechnology, fuels / energy, environmental engineering, etc. ·Chemical Engineers focus on the processes involved in making new products, including chemical reactions
Maranas, Costas
About Nuccio Heating & Air Headquartered in Tampa, Florida, Nuccio Heating & Air serves
the majority being highly mobile sell and service heating and air conditioning systems for the company customer service Industry Focus Heating and air conditioning services Size 52 employees Case Study Nuccio Fixing Problems Fast In Florida's competitive air conditioning industry, the differentiator is "speed
Fisher, Kathleen
Building America Webinar: High Performance Space Conditioning...
Strategies for Affordable Housing Building America Webinar: High Performance Space Conditioning Systems, Part II - Air Distribution Retrofit Strategies for Affordable...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air dense medium Sample Search Results
Engineering 14 Total Incineration Con sulting Engineer Summary: with adequate air-pollution control. INTRODUCTION Total incineration is defined herein as the con version... of...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air cleaners Sample Search Results
Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin Collection: Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization ; Engineering 2 Stand Alone Air Cleaners:...
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air-breathing PDE ... Source: Powers, Joseph M.- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame Collection: Engineering 2 Proceedings of the...
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(CERC) Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, MS Collection: Engineering 2 Air Pollution Physics and Chemistry EAS 6790 Monday, Wednesday, Friday 2:05 to 2:55...
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air-voids. The remaining unshaded region(s) ... Source: Pitchumani, Ranga - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Collection: Engineering 62 Compression Behaviour of...
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of Engineering, Chaos Research Group Collection: Engineering 6 Effects of intermittent entrainment of air bubbles by breaking wind waves on ocean reflectance and underwater...
Environmental Engineering Is Environmental Engineering right for me?
Environmental Engineering Is Environmental Engineering right for me? If you are interested in the improvement of environmental conditions through the use of engineering skills then Environmental Engineering is well suited to you. An Environmental Engineering degree programme will focus on aspects such as waste
CA. � CEC�(2008b). �Residential�Alternative�Calculation�Standard�for�Air�Handlers�in�Residential�Space�Conditioning�of�Standards�Options�for�Residential�Air�Handler�Fans. ��
Determination of the Transient Response Characteristics of the Air-Source Heat Pump During the Reverse Cycle Defrost
.1 Description of Test Points 3.9 Fi?. 3.4 Heat Pump System Schematic 3.10 Fig. 3.5 Refrigerant Line Temperature Probe 3.11 for leak testing, equipment replacement, and system break- down. The valves proved to be extremely useful because when a specific section... Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University ESL-TR-88/06-04 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AMCA Air Movement and Control Association ARI Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air...
O'Neal, D. L.; Anand, N. K.; Peterson, K. T.; Schleising, S.
Science & Engineering Engineering Databases
-present. Good for computers, electronics, biomedical, control, electrical and ocean engineering, physics9/09 DK,DS Science & Engineering Library Engineering Databases How to search the engineering initials Special features: Limit to peer-reviewed journals Compendex [Engineering Index] 1884-present
Hampton, Randy
E-Print Network 3.0 - air china crash Sample Search Results
OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Summary: , economics, health, environmental, noise, air pollution, crashes 18. Distribution Statement available at http... . The report...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air monitor operating Sample Search Results
& Biological Engineering Summary: ASREC Air temperatures and relative humidity, static pressure, heater, fogger and fan operation... economic stability and profitability...
EVENT CLOUDS : lighter than air architectural structures
EVENT CLOUD is a versatile covering system that allows events to happen independently to weather conditions. It consists of a lighter than air pneumatic structure, filled either with helium or hot air, that covers spaces ...
Peydro Duclos, Ignacio
The objective of the Cummins ARES program, in partnership with the US Department of Energy (DOE), is to develop advanced natural gas engine technologies that increase engine system efficiency at lower emissions levels while attaining lower cost of ownership. The goals of the project are to demonstrate engine system achieving 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) in three phases, 44%, 47% and 50% (starting baseline efficiency at 36% BTE) and 0.1 g/bhp-hr NOx system out emissions (starting baseline NOx emissions at 2 � 4 g/bhp-hr NOx). Primary path towards above goals include high Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), improved closed cycle efficiency, increased air handling efficiency and optimized engine subsystems. Cummins has successfully demonstrated each of the phases of this program. All targets have been achieved through application of a combined set of advanced base engine technologies and Waste Heat Recovery from Charge Air and Exhaust streams, optimized and validated on the demonstration engine and other large engines. The following architectures were selected for each Phase: Phase 1: Lean Burn Spark Ignited (SI) Key Technologies: High Efficiency Turbocharging, Higher Efficiency Combustion System. In production on the 60/91L engines. Over 500MW of ARES Phase 1 technology has been sold. Phase 2: Lean Burn Technology with Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) System Key Technologies: Advanced Ignition System, Combustion Improvement, Integrated Waste Heat Recovery System. Base engine technologies intended for production within 2 to 3 years Phase 3: Lean Burn Technology with Exhaust and Charge Air Waste Heat Recovery System Key Technologies: Lower Friction, New Cylinder Head Designs, Improved Integrated Waste Heat Recovery System. Intended for production within 5 to 6 years Cummins is committed to the launch of next generation of large advanced NG engines based on ARES technology to be commercialized worldwide.
Pike, Edward
Ability of Catalytic Converters to Reduce Air Pollution
NOx - 1 Ability of Catalytic Converters to Reduce Air Pollution MEASUREMENT OF SELECTED AIR POLLUTANTS IN CAR EXHAUST Last updated: June 17, 2014 #12;NOx - 2 Ability of Catalytic Converters to Reduce Air Pollution MEASUREMENT OF SELECTED AIR POLLUTANTS IN CAR EXHAUST INTRODUCTION Automobile engines
Nizkorodov, Sergey
Air Traffic Control Using Virtual Stationary Automata Matthew D. Brown
Air Traffic Control Using Virtual Stationary Automata by Matthew D. Brown B.S., Massachusetts by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arthur C. Smith Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Students #12;Air Traffic Control Using Virtual of Engineering Abstract As air travel has become an essential part of modern life, the air traffic control system
Lynch, Nancy
UW-Madison Youth Programs Air Quality Guidelines
of Public Health Engineering -- 3 0.0 CEE 423 Air Pollution Effects, Measurement and Control Senior Status 3-Gel Chemistry Instructor consent 1-3 0.0 CEE 609 Special Topics: The Chemistry of Air Pollution Instructor
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
ambient air pollutants: Topics by E-print Network
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution Engineering Websites Summary: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ambient Air Pollution and...
Heavy-Duty Stoichiometric Compression Ignition Engine with Improved Fuel Economy over Alternative Technologies for Meeting 2010 On-Highway Emission
The objectives of the reported work were: to apply the stoichiometric compression ignition (SCI) concept to a 9.0 liter diesel engine; to obtain engine-out NO{sub x} and PM exhaust emissions so that the engine can meet 2010 on-highway emission standards by applying a three-way catalyst for NO{sub x} control and a particulate filter for PM control; and to simulate an optimize the engine and air system to approach 50% thermal efficiency using variable valve actuation and electric turbo compounding. The work demonstrated that an advanced diesel engine can be operated at stoichiometric conditions with reasonable particulate and NOx emissions at full power and peak torque conditions; calculated that the SCI engine will operate at 42% brake thermal efficiency without advanced hardware, turbocompounding, or waste heat recovery; and determined that EGR is not necessary for this advanced concept engine, and this greatly simplifies the concept.
Kirby J. Baumgard; Richard E. Winsor
Optimising the Fresh Air Economiser
, S., ?Economizers in Air Handling Systems?, CED Engineering Course M01-014, Stony Point New York, 2000. Moser, D., ?Free Cooling: Don?t Let Savings Slip Away?, Portland Energy Conservation Inc., published in Building Operating Management.... New Zealand, Standard NZS 4303:1990, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington. Portland Energy Conservation Inc., from Functional Testing Guide on website: (http...
Biship, R.
Effects of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number Emissions
A single-cylinder, wall-guided, spark ignition direct injection engine was used to study the impact of engine operating parameters on engine-out particle number (PN) emissions. Experiments were conducted with certification gasoline and a splash blend of 20% fuel grade ethanol in gasoline (E20), at four steady-state engine operating conditions. Independent engine control parameter sweeps were conducted including start of injection, injection pressure, spark timing, exhaust cam phasing, intake cam phasing, and air-fuel ratio. The results show that fuel injection timing is the dominant factor impacting PN emissions from this wall-guided gasoline direct injection engine. The major factor causing high PN emissions is fuel liquid impingement on the piston bowl. By avoiding fuel impingement, more than an order of magnitude reduction in PN emission was observed. Increasing fuel injection pressure reduces PN emissions because of smaller fuel droplet size and faster fuel-air mixing. PN emissions are insensitive to cam phasing and spark timing, especially at high engine load. Cold engine conditions produce higher PN emissions than hot engine conditions due to slower fuel vaporization and thus less fuel-air homogeneity during the combustion process. E20 produces lower PN emissions at low and medium loads if fuel liquid impingement on piston bowl is avoided. At high load or if there is fuel liquid impingement on piston bowl and/or cylinder wall, E20 tends to produce higher PN emissions. This is probably a function of the higher heat of vaporization of ethanol, which slows the vaporization of other fuel components from surfaces and may create local fuel-rich combustion or even pool-fires.
He, X.; Ratcliff, M. A.; Zigler, B. T.
Alternative Air Conditioning Technologies: Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD)
trends in today�s office environment make it increasingly more difficult for conventional centralized HVAC
Webster, Tom
air-fuel ratio: Topics by E-print Network
was performed to investigate the effects of air-fuel ratio, inlet boost pressure, hydrogen rich fuel reformate, and compression ratio on engine knock behavior. For each...
33engineering EnginEEring and
33engineering EnginEEring and ThE builT EnvironmEnT www.wits.ac.za/ebe #12;34 guide for applicants 2015 The study of Engineering Career opportunities for engineers are limitless and extend beyond the formal engineering sector. A career in engineering requires special talents engineers need
Wagner, Stephan
Investigation of Feasibility of All-Fresh Air Supply in an All-Air System
The feasibility of an all-fresh air supply in an all-air system is investigated in theory, and the problem of AHU-handling air in low efficiency in summer and winter conditions is analyzed. The air supply temperature is almost up to standards when a...
Wang, J.; Yan, Z.
Dual fuel development for an LNG marine engine
A dual-fuel conversion for the 3406-B Caterpillar marine diesel engine has been developed. The purpose of this conversion is to use lower priced natural gas as a fuel, thus providing substantial cost savings for large fuel consumers. Details of the conversion system are given. Data is presented showing fuel consumption, conditions leading to engine knock, conditions promoting methane flame propagation, and air-fuel ratios required for efficient combustion. The system resulting from this study will use Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) to power a dual-fuel conversion of a shrimp boat's main engine and generator set. The cold temperatures of the LNG will also be used as a heat sink to refrigerate the fish-hold area of the boat.
Acker, G.H.
Assessing the Impact of Measurement Policy on the Accuracy of Certified Energy Efficiency Ratio for Split-System Air Conditioners
of Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps, ASHRAE, 1791of Unitary Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Simulation Modelsfor Rating Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,
Yu, Bingyi
College of Engineering ENGINEERING
College of Engineering CYCLONE ENGINEERING RESEARCH `SENSING SKIN' MAKES WIND ENERGY MORE COST of Science and Technology. All rights reserved. Sarah A. Rajala Dean of Engineering James and Katherine Melsa: The College of Engineering is dedicated to advancing alternative energy, including wind energy. Researchers
Mayfield, John
Cost-Effective Reciprocating Engine Emissions Control and Monitoring for E&P Field and Gathering Engines
During the fourth reporting period, the project team investigated the Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction technologies that are in use on rich-burn four-stroke cycle engines. Several engines were instrumented and data collected to obtain a rich set of engine emissions and performance data. During the data collection, the performance of the catalyst under a variety of operating conditions was measured. This information will be necessary to specify a set of sensors that can then be used to reliably implement NSCRs as plausible technologies to reduce NOx emissions for four-stroke cycle engines used in the E&P industry. A complete summary all the technologies investigated to data is included in the report. For each technology, the summary includes a description of the process, the emission reduction that is to be expected, information on the cost of the technology, development status, practical considerations, compatibility with other air pollutant control technologies, and any references used to obtain the information.
Kirby S. Chapman
Central Air Conditioning | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy UsageAUDITVehicles » AlternativeUp Home Energy-EfficiencyCelebrAsian 30thPlant
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Efficiency
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarly Career Scientists'Montana.ProgramJulietip sheetK-4In 2013 many autoThisTheDecember 29,
Perturbing engine performance measurements to determine optimal engine control settings
Methods and systems for optimizing a performance of a vehicle engine are provided. The method includes determining an initial value for a first engine control parameter based on one or more detected operating conditions of the vehicle engine, determining a value of an engine performance variable, and artificially perturbing the determined value of the engine performance variable. The initial value for the first engine control parameter is then adjusted based on the perturbed engine performance variable causing the engine performance variable to approach a target engine performance variable. Operation of the vehicle engine is controlled based on the adjusted initial value for the first engine control parameter. These acts are repeated until the engine performance variable approaches the target engine performance variable.
Jiang, Li; Lee, Donghoon; Yilmaz, Hakan; Stefanopoulou, Anna
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