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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Lightning protection system for a wind turbine
DOE Patents [OSTI]
In a wind turbine (104, 500, 704) having a plurality of blades (132, 404, 516, 744) and a blade rotor hub (120, 712), a lightning protection system (100, 504, 700) for conducting lightning strikes to any one of the blades and the region surrounding the blade hub along a path around the blade hub and critical components of the wind turbine, such as the generator (112, 716), gearbox (708) and main turbine bearings (176, 724).
Costin, Daniel P. (Chelsea, VT); Petter, Jeffrey K. (Williston, VT)
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Ventera VT10 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Ventera VT10 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Wind Turbine Generator System Acoustic Noise Test Report for the Gaia Wind 11-kW Wind Turbine
This report details the acoustic noise test conducted on the Gaia-Wind 11-kW wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center. The test turbine is a two- bladed, downwind wind turbine with a rated power of 11 kW. The test turbine was tested in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission standard, IEC 61400-11 Ed 2.1 2006-11 Wind Turbine Generator Systems -- Part 11 Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques.
Huskey, A.
Optimizing wind turbine control system parameters
The impending expiration of the levelized period in the Interim Standard Offer Number 4 (ISO4) utility contracts for purchasing wind-generated power in California mandates, more than ever, that windplants be operated in a cost-effective manner. Operating plans and approaches are needed that maximize the net revenue from wind parks--after accounting for operation and maintenance costs. This paper describes a design tool that makes it possible to tailor a control system of a wind turbine (WT) to maximize energy production while minimizing the financial consequences of fatigue damage to key structural components. Plans for code enhancements to include expert systems and fuzzy logic are discussed, and typical results are presented in which the code is applied to study the controls of a generic Danish 15-m horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).
Schluter, L.L. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Vachon, W.A. [Vachon (W.A.) and Associates, Inc., Manchester, MA (United States)
Wind Turbine Generator System Power Performance Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
Report on the results of the power performance test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on Entegrity Wind System Inc.'s EW50 small wind turbine.
Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool
E-Print Network [OSTI]
Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT Anca D. Hansen, Florin Iov Iov, Poul Sørensen, Nicolaos Cutululis, Clemens Jauch, Frede Blaabjerg Title: Dynamic wind turbine system simulation tool PowerFactory DIgSILENT for different wind turbine concepts. It is the second
The Wind Turbine Drivetrain Test Facility (WTDTF) is a state-of-the-art industrial facility used for testing wind turbine drivetrains and generators. Large power output wind turbines are primarily installed for off-shore wind power generation. The facility includes two test bays: one to accommodate turbine nacelles up to 7.5 MW and one for nacelles up to 15 MW. For each test bay, an independent data acquisition system (DAS) records signals from various sensors required for turbine testing. These signals include resistance temperature devices, current and voltage sensors, bridge/strain gauge transducers, charge amplifiers, and accelerometers. Each WTDTF DAS also interfaces with the drivetrain load applicator control system, electrical grid monitoring system and vibration analysis system.
Mcintosh, J.
Vertical axis wind turbine
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (Horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with rotational speed control systems. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotating shaft by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the shaft and being provided with aerodynamic control elements operating manually or automatically to control the rotational speed of the turbine.
Kato, Y.; Seki, K.; Shimizu, Y.
Wind Turbine Generator System Duration Test Report for the Gaia-Wind 11 kW Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. In total, five turbines are being tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NRELs) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of this project. Duration testing is one of up to five tests that may be performed on the turbines, including power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality tests. The results of the testing will provide the manufacturers with reports that may be used for small wind turbine certification. The test equipment includes a Gaia-Wind 11 kW wind turbine mounted on an 18 m monopole tower. Gaia-Wind Ltd. manufactured the turbine in Denmark, although the company is based in Scotland. The system was installed by the NWTC Site Operations group with guidance and assistance from Gaia-Wind.
Huskey, A.; Bowen, A.; Jager, D.
Basic Integrative Models for Offshore Wind Turbine Systems
This research study developed basic dynamic models that can be used to accurately predict the response behavior of a near-shore wind turbine structure with monopile, suction caisson, or gravity-based foundation systems. The marine soil conditions...
Aljeeran, Fares
Wind turbines are largely divided into vertical axis wind turbines and propeller (Horizontal axis) wind turbines. The present invention discloses a vertical axis high speed wind turbine provided with a starting and braking control system. This vertical axis wind turbine is formed by having blades of a proper airfoil fitted to respective supporting arms provided radially from a vertical rotary axis by keeping the blade span-wise direction in parallel with the axis and being provided with a low speed control windmill in which the radial position of each operating piece varies with a centrifugal force produced by the rotation of the vertical rotary axis.
Coupled Dynamic Modeling of Floating Wind Turbine Systems: Preprint
This article presents a collaborative research program that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have undertaken to develop innovative and cost-effective floating and mooring systems for offshore wind turbines in water depths of 10-200 m. Methods for the coupled structural, hydrodynamic, and aerodynamic analysis of floating wind turbine systems are presented in the frequency domain. This analysis was conducted by coupling the aerodynamics and structural dynamics code FAST [4] developed at NREL with the wave load and response simulation code WAMIT (Wave Analysis at MIT) [15] developed at MIT. Analysis tools were developed to consider coupled interactions between the wind turbine and the floating system. These include the gyroscopic loads of the wind turbine rotor on the tower and floater, the aerodynamic damping introduced by the wind turbine rotor, the hydrodynamic damping introduced by wave-body interactions, and the hydrodynamic forces caused by wave excitation. Analyses were conducted for two floater concepts coupled with the NREL 5-MW Offshore Baseline wind turbine in water depths of 10-200 m: the MIT/NREL Shallow Drafted Barge (SDB) and the MIT/NREL Tension Leg Platform (TLP). These concepts were chosen to represent two different methods of achieving stability to identify differences in performance and cost of the different stability methods. The static and dynamic analyses of these structures evaluate the systems' responses to wave excitation at a range of frequencies, the systems' natural frequencies, and the standard deviations of the systems' motions in each degree of freedom in various wind and wave environments. This article in various wind and wave environments. This article explores the effects of coupling the wind turbine with the floating platform, the effects of water depth, and the effects of wind speed on the systems' performance. An economic feasibility analysis of the two concepts was also performed. Key cost components included the material and construction costs of the buoy; material and installation costs of the tethers, mooring lines, and anchor technologies; costs of transporting and installing the system at the chosen site; and the cost of mounting the wind turbine to the platform. The two systems were evaluated based on their static and dynamic performance and the total system installed cost. Both systems demonstrated acceptable motions, and have estimated costs of $1.4-$1.8 million, not including the cost of the wind turbine, the power electronics, or the electrical transmission.
Wayman, E. N.; Sclavounos, P. D.; Butterfield, S.; Jonkman, J.; Musial, W.
Wind turbine ring/shroud drive system
A wind turbine capable of driving multiple electric generators having a ring or shroud structure for reducing blade root bending moments, hub loads, blade fastener loads and pitch bearing loads. The shroud may further incorporate a ring gear for driving an electric generator. In one embodiment, the electric generator may be cantilevered from the nacelle such that the gear on the generator drive shaft is contacted by the ring gear of the shroud. The shroud also provides protection for the gearing and aids in preventing gear lubricant contamination.
Blakemore, Ralph W.
Design of a wind turbine-generator system considering the conformability to wind velocity fluctuations
The conformability of the rated power output of the wind turbine-generator system and of the wind turbine type to wind velocity fluctuations are investigated with a simulation model. The authors examine three types of wind turbines: the Darrieus-Savonius hybrid, the Darrieus proper and the Propeller. These systems are mainly operated at a constant tip speed ratio, which refers to a maximum power coefficient points. As a computed result of the net extracting power, the Darrieus turbine proper has little conformability to wind velocity fluctuations because of its output characteristics. As for the other turbines, large-scale systems do not always have an advantage over small-scale systems as the effect of its dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the net extracting power of the Propeller turbine, under wind direction fluctuation, is much reduced when compared with the hybrid wind turbine. Thus, the authors conclude that the appropriate rated power output of the system exists with relation to the wind turbine type for each wind condition.
Wakui, Tetsuya; Hashizume, Takumi; Outa, Eisuke
Wind turbine
A wind turbine of the type having an airfoil blade (15) mounted on a flexible beam (20) and a pitch governor (55) which selectively, torsionally twists the flexible beam in response to wind turbine speed thereby setting blade pitch, is provided with a limiter (85) which restricts unwanted pitch change at operating speeds due to torsional creep of the flexible beam. The limiter allows twisting of the beam by the governor under excessive wind velocity conditions to orient the blades in stall pitch positions, thereby preventing overspeed operation of the turbine. In the preferred embodiment, the pitch governor comprises a pendulum (65,70) which responds to changing rotor speed by pivotal movement, the limiter comprising a resilient member (90) which engages an end of the pendulum to restrict further movement thereof, and in turn restrict beam creep and unwanted blade pitch misadjustment.
Cheney, Jr., Marvin C. (Glastonbury, CT)
Impact of DFIG wind turbines on transient stability of power systems a review
Impact of DFIG wind turbines on transient stability of power systems a review Authors Na Abstract of wind farms are using variable speed wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) due to their advantages over other wind turbine generators. Therefore, the analysis of wind power
Pota, Himanshu Roy
The improvement in a wind turbine comprises providing a tower with a freely liftable mount and adapting a nacelle which is fitted with a propeller windwheel consisting of a plurality of rotor blades and provided therein with means for conversion of wind energy to be shifted onto said mount attached to the tower. In case of a violent wind storm, the nacelle can be lowered down to the ground to protect the rotor blades from breakage due to the force of the wind. Required maintenance and inspection of the nacelle and replacement of rotor blades can be safely carried out on the ground.
Abe, M.
Energy 101: Wind Turbines
See how wind turbines generate clean electricity from the power of the wind. Highlighted are the various parts and mechanisms of a modern wind turbine.
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Dynamic behaviour of a DFIG wind turbine subjected to power system faults
of the dynamic interaction between variable speed DFIG wind turbines and the power system subjected by the Danish Transmission System Operator Energinet.dk. Keywords: doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), wind turbines, the variable speed DFIG wind turbine with its dynamic behaviour and its ride-through capabil- ity
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ULTRASONIC NDT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED IN- SITU INSPECTION OF WIND TURBINE BLADES Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT It is crucial to maintain wind turbine blades. This work investigates using pulse-echo ultrasound to detect internal damages in wind turbine blades without
Boyer, Edmond
Wind turbine control systems: Dynamic model development using system identification and the fast structural dynamics code
Mitigating the effects of damaging wind turbine loads and responses extends the lifetime of the turbine and, consequently, reduces the associated Cost of Energy (COE). Active control of aerodynamic devices is one option for achieving wind turbine load mitigation. Generally speaking, control system design and analysis requires a reasonable dynamic model of {open_quotes}plant,{close_quotes} (i.e., the system being controlled). This paper extends the wind turbine aileron control research, previously conducted at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC), by presenting a more detailed development of the wind turbine dynamic model. In prior research, active aileron control designs were implemented in an existing wind turbine structural dynamics code, FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence). In this paper, the FAST code is used, in conjunction with system identification, to generate a wind turbine dynamic model for use in active aileron control system design. The FAST code is described and an overview of the system identification technique is presented. An aileron control case study is used to demonstrate this modeling technique. The results of the case study are then used to propose ideas for generalizing this technique for creating dynamic models for other wind turbine control applications.
Stuart, J.G.; Wright, A.D.; Butterfield, C.P.
Lifting system and apparatus for constructing wind turbine towers
The disclosed invention is utilized for mounting a wind turbine and blade assembly on the upper end of a wind turbine tower. The invention generally includes a frame or truss that is pivotally secured to the top bay assembly of the tower. A transverse beam is connected to the frame or truss and extends fore of the tower when the frame or truss is in a first position and generally above the tower when in a second position. When in the first position, a wind turbine or blade assembly can be hoisted to the top of the tower. The wind turbine or blade assembly is then moved into position for mounting to the tower as the frame or truss is pivoted to a second position. When the turbine and blade assembly are secured to the tower, the frame or truss is disconnected from the tower and lowered to the ground.
Livingston, Tracy; Schrader, Terry; Goldhardt, James; Lott, James
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 27, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2012 465 Dynamics of Type-3 Wind Turbine Generator Models
Turbine Generator Models Ian A. Hiskens, Fellow, IEEE Abstract--The influence of wind turbine generators, singular systems, small disturbance analysis, switching deadlock, wind turbine generator modeling. I. INTRODUCTION THE dynamic behavior of wind turbine generators (WTGs) is quite different to that of synchronous
Hiskens, Ian A.
Wind energy is currently the fastest-growing renewable source of energy in India; India is a key market for the wind industry, presenting substantial opportunities for both the international and domestic players. In India the research is carried out on wind energy utilization on big ways.There are still many unsolved challenges in expanding wind power, and there are numerous problems of interest to systems and control researchers. In this paper we study the pitch control mechanism of wind turbine. The pitch control system is one of the most widely used control techniques to regulate the output power of a wind turbine generator. The pitch angle is controlled to keep the generator power at rated power by reducing the angle of the blades. By regulating, the angle of stalling, fast torque changes from the wind will be reutilized. It also describes the design of the pitch controller and discusses the response of the pitch-controlled system to wind velocity variations. The pitch control system is found to have a large output power variation and a large settling time.
Chatinderpal Singh
SHM BASED SYSTEM DESIGN OFA WIND TURBINE TOWER USING A MODAL SENSITIVITY BASED BAYES DETECTOR email@example.com ABSTRACT It is investigated if material based structural safety can be replaced with safety obtained from of the NREL 5MW wind turbine tower subjected to bending fatigue and horizontal circumferential cracking
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF THE SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF WIND TURBINE USING WIRELESS SENSING SYSTEM, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan email@example.com ABSTRACT The wind turbine heavily depends on the success of the support
Wind turbine spoiler
An aerodynamic spoiler system for a vertical axis wind turbine includes spoilers on the blades initially stored near the rotor axis to minimize drag. A solenoid latch adjacent the central support tower releases the spoilers and centrifugal force causes the spoilers to move up the turbine blades away from the rotor axis, thereby producing a braking effect and actual slowing of the associated wind turbine, if desired. The spoiler system can also be used as an infinitely variable power control by regulated movement of the spoilers on the blades over the range between the undeployed and fully deployed positions. This is done by the use of a suitable powered reel and cable located at the rotor tower to move the spoilers.
Sullivan, William N. (Albuquerque, NM)
Impact of Wind Turbine Penetration on the Dynamic Performance of Interconnected Power Systems
to stability problems caused by wind power integration. In the grid impact studies of wind power integrationImpact of Wind Turbine Penetration on the Dynamic Performance of Interconnected Power Systems M. J connected to a higher voltage level, their impact is becoming more widespread. The European Wind Energy
Fully coupled dynamic analysis of a floating wind turbine system
The use of wind power is in a period of rapid growth worldwide and wind energy systems have emerged as a promising technology for utilizing offshore wind resources for the large scale generation of electricity. Drawing ...
Withee, Jon E
Wind Turbines Benefit Crops
Ames Laboratory associate scientist Gene Takle talks about research into the effect of wind turbines on nearby crops. Preliminary results show the turbines may have a positive effect by cooling and drying the crops and assisting with carbon dioxide uptake.
Takle, Gene
Barstow Wind Turbine Project
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Presentation covers the Barstow Wind Turbine project for the Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting, held on November 18-19, 2009.
Introducing WISDEM:An Integrated System Modeling for Wind Turbines and Plant (Presentation)
The National Wind Technology Center wind energy systems engineering initiative has developed an analysis platform to leverage its research capabilities toward integrating wind energy engineering and cost models across wind plants. This Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model (WISDEM) platform captures the important interactions between various subsystems to achieve a better National Wind Technology Center wind energy systems engineering initiative has developed an analysis platform to leverage its research capabilities toward integrating wind energy engineering and cost models across wind plants. This Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model (WISDEM) platform captures the important interactions between various subsystems to achieve a better understanding of how to improve system-level performance and achieve system-level cost reductions. This work illustrates a few case studies with WISDEM that focus on the design and analysis of wind turbines and plants at different system levels.
Dykes, K.; Graf, P.; Scott, G.; Ning, A.; King, R.; Guo, Y.; Parsons, T.; Damiani, R.; Felker, F.; Veers, P.
Combining Droop Curve Concepts with Control Systems for Wind Turbine Active Power Control: Preprint
Wind energy is becoming a larger portion of the global energy portfolio and wind penetration has increased dramatically in certain regions of the world. This increasing wind penetration has driven the need for wind turbines to provide active power control (APC) services to the local utility grid, as wind turbines do not intrinsically provide frequency regulation services that are common with traditional generators. It is common for large scale wind turbines to be decoupled from the utility grid via power electronics, which allows the turbine to synthesize APC commands via control of the generator torque and blade pitch commands. Consequently, the APC services provided by a wind turbine can be more flexible than those provided by conventional generators. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of both static and dynamic droop curves to measure grid frequency and output delta power reference signals to a novel power set point tracking control system. The combined droop curve and power tracking controller is simulated and comparisons are made between simulations using various droop curve parameters and stochastic wind conditions. The tradeoffs involved with aggressive response to frequency events are analyzed. At the turbine level, simulations are performed to analyze induced structural loads. At the grid level, simulations test a wind plant's response to a dip in grid frequency.
Buckspan, A.; Aho, J.; Pao, L.; Fleming, P.; Jeong, Y.
EIS-0006: Wind Turbine Generator System, Block Island, Rhode Island
The U.S. Department of Energy prepared this EIS to evaluate the environmental impacts of installing and operating a large experimental wind turbine, designated the MOD-OA, which is proposed to be installed on a knoll in Rhode Island's New Meadow Hill Swamp, integrated with the adjacent Block Island Power Company power plant and operated to supply electricity to the existing utility network.
Wind turbine generators having wind assisted cooling systems and cooling methods
A wind generator includes: a nacelle; a hub carried by the nacelle and including at least a pair of wind turbine blades; and an electricity producing generator including a stator and a rotor carried by the nacelle. The rotor is connected to the hub and rotatable in response to wind acting on the blades to rotate the rotor relative to the stator to generate electricity. A cooling system is carried by the nacelle and includes at least one ambient air inlet port opening through a surface of the nacelle downstream of the hub and blades, and a duct for flowing air from the inlet port in a generally upstream direction toward the hub and in cooling relation to the stator.
Bagepalli, Bharat (Niskayuna, NY); Barnes, Gary R. (Delanson, NY); Gadre, Aniruddha D. (Rexford, NY); Jansen, Patrick L. (Scotia, NY); Bouchard, Jr., Charles G. (Schenectady, NY); Jarczynski, Emil D. (Scotia, NY); Garg, Jivtesh (Cambridge, MA)
Sandia National Laboratories: New Wind Turbine Blade Design
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
ClimateECEnergyNew Wind Turbine Blade Design New Wind Turbine Blade Design More Energy with Less Weight ATLAS II Data Acquisition System New Wind Turbine Blade Design On May 18,...
System engineering and energy costs of small and medium wind turbines
A preliminary system-level, computational model was developed to allow broad assessment and optimization of wind turbine design and costs analysis at The Wind Energy Research Center, Solar Energy Research Institute under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE). This paper briefly describes the basic principles used in the model for energy capture and cost-of-energy (COE), and demonstrates the model's usefulness in determining the effects of rotor and system design modifications. The model's utilization for conducting parametric studies and defining the energy cost of small and medium-sized wind turbines is also shown. Topics of interest to wind turbine engineers and designers include the effects on rotor performance of airfoil geometry, blade pitch angle setting, and the system RPM schedule, etc.
Tu, P.K.C.
Direct drive wind turbine
A wind turbine is provided that minimizes the size of the drive train and nacelle while maintaining the power electronics and transformer at the top of the tower. The turbine includes a direct drive generator having an integrated disk brake positioned radially inside the stator while minimizing the potential for contamination. The turbine further includes a means for mounting a transformer below the nacelle within the tower.
Bywaters, Garrett; Danforth, William; Bevington, Christopher; Jesse, Stowell; Costin, Daniel
Bywaters, Garrett; Danforth, William; Bevington, Christopher; Stowell, Jesse; Costin, Daniel
Bywaters, Garrett Lee; Danforth, William; Bevington, Christopher; Stowell, Jesse; Costin, Daniel
Vertical axis wind turbines
A vertical axis wind turbine is described. The wind turbine can include a top ring, a middle ring and a lower ring, wherein a plurality of vertical airfoils are disposed between the rings. For example, three vertical airfoils can be attached between the upper ring and the middle ring. In addition, three more vertical airfoils can be attached between the lower ring and the middle ring. When wind contacts the vertically arranged airfoils the rings begin to spin. By connecting the rings to a center pole which spins an alternator, electricity can be generated from wind.
Krivcov, Vladimir (Miass, RU); Krivospitski, Vladimir (Miass, RU); Maksimov, Vasili (Miass, RU); Halstead, Richard (Rohnert Park, CA); Grahov, Jurij (Miass, RU)
Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise A white paper
Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise A white paper Prepared by the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory...................................................................... 8 Sound from Wind Turbines .............................................................................................. 10 Sources of Wind Turbine Sound
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Wind Turbine Blockset General Overview
Wind Turbine Blockset in Saber General Overview and Description of the Models Florin Iov, Adrian Turbine Blockset in Saber Abstract. This report presents a new developed Saber Toolbox for wind turbine, optimize and design wind turbines". The report provides a quick overview of the Saber and then explains
Wind turbine blade testing system using base excitation
An apparatus (500) for fatigue testing elongate test articles (404) including wind turbine blades through forced or resonant excitation of the base (406) of the test articles (404). The apparatus (500) includes a testing platform or foundation (402). A blade support (410) is provided for retaining or supporting a base (406) of an elongate test article (404), and the blade support (410) is pivotally mounted on the testing platform (402) with at least two degrees of freedom of motion relative to the testing platform (402). An excitation input assembly (540) is interconnected with the blade support (410) and includes first and second actuators (444, 446, 541) that act to concurrently apply forces or loads to the blade support (410). The actuator forces are cyclically applied in first and second transverse directions. The test article (404) responds to shaking of its base (406) by oscillating in two, transverse directions (505, 507).
Cotrell, Jason; Thresher, Robert; Lambert, Scott; Hughes, Scott; Johnson, Jay
Optimization of Wind Turbine Operation
Optimization of Wind Turbine Operation by Use of Spinner Anemometer TF Pedersen, NN Sørensen, L Title: Optimization of Wind Turbine Operation by Use of Spinner Anemometer Department: Wind Energy prototype wind turbine. Statistics of the yaw error showed an average of about 10°. The average flow
Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Plant Performance to Key Turbine Design Parameters: A Systems Engineering Approach; Preprint
This paper introduces the development of a new software framework for research, design, and development of wind energy systems which is meant to 1) represent a full wind plant including all physical and nonphysical assets and associated costs up to the point of grid interconnection, 2) allow use of interchangeable models of varying fidelity for different aspects of the system, and 3) support system level multidisciplinary analyses and optimizations. This paper describes the design of the overall software capability and applies it to a global sensitivity analysis of wind turbine and plant performance and cost. The analysis was performed using three different model configurations involving different levels of fidelity, which illustrate how increasing fidelity can preserve important system interactions that build up to overall system performance and cost. Analyses were performed for a reference wind plant based on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 5-MW reference turbine at a mid-Atlantic offshore location within the United States.
Dykes, K.; Ning, A.; King, R.; Graf, P.; Scott, G.; Veers, P.
Fiber-Optic Defect and Damage Locator System for Wind Turbine Blades
IFOS in collaboration with Auburn University demonstrated the feasibility of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) integrated sensor system capable of providing real time in-situ defect detection, localization and quantification of damage. In addition, the system is capable of validating wind turbine blade structural models, using recent advances in non-contact, non-destructive dynamic testing of composite structures. This new generation method makes it possible to analyze wind turbine blades not only non-destructively, but also without physically contacting or implanting intrusive electrical elements and transducers into the structure. Phase I successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the technology with the construction of a 1.5 kHz sensor interrogator and preliminary instrumentation and testing of both composite material coupons and a wind turbine blade.
Dr. Vahid Sotoudeh; Dr. Richard J. Black; Dr. Behzad Moslehi; Mr. Aleks Plavsic
LOSS OF ROTOR ISOTROPY AS A BLADE DAMAGE INDICATOR FOR WIND TURBINE STRUCTURE HEALTH MONITORING to simulated vibrations of a rotating rotor. KEYWORDS : wind turbine blade, rotor anisotropy, Floquet analysis, OMA INTRODUCTION Blades of modern wind turbines are complex high-tech structures, and their cost
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Model Predictive Control Wind Turbines
Model Predictive Control of Wind Turbines Martin Klauco Kongens Lyngby 2012 IMM-MSc-2012-65 #12;Summary Wind turbines are the biggest part of the green energy industry. Increasing interest control strategies. Control strategy has a significant impact on the wind turbine operation on many levels
Airborne Wind Turbine
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: Makani Power is developing an Airborne Wind Turbine (AWT) that eliminates 90% of the mass of a conventional wind turbine and accesses a stronger, more consistent wind at altitudes of near 1,000 feet. At these altitudes, 85% of the country can offer viable wind resources compared to only 15% accessible with current technology. Additionally, the Makani Power wing can be economically deployed in deep offshore waters, opening up a resource which is 4 times greater than the entire U.S. electrical generation capacity. Makani Power has demonstrated the core technology, including autonomous launch, land, and power generation with an 8 meter wingspan, 20 kW prototype. At commercial scale, Makani Power aims to develop a 600 kW, 28 meter wingspan product capable of delivering energy at an unsubsidized cost competitive with coal, the current benchmark for low-cost power.
Tornado type wind turbines
A tornado type wind turbine has a vertically disposed wind collecting tower with spaced apart inner and outer walls and a central bore. The upper end of the tower is open while the lower end of the structure is in communication with a wind intake chamber. An opening in the wind chamber is positioned over a turbine which is in driving communication with an electrical generator. An opening between the inner and outer walls at the lower end of the tower permits radially flowing air to enter the space between the inner and outer walls while a vertically disposed opening in the wind collecting tower permits tangentially flowing air to enter the central bore. A porous portion of the inner wall permits the radially flowing air to interact with the tangentially flowing air so as to create an intensified vortex flow which exits out of the top opening of the tower so as to create a low pressure core and thus draw air through the opening of the wind intake chamber so as to drive the turbine.
Hsu, Cheng-Ting (Ames, IA)
Extended tension leg platform design for offshore wind turbine systems
The rise of reliable wind energy application has become a primary alternative to conventional fossil fuel power plants in the United States and around the world. The feasibility of building large scale wind farms has become ...
Parker, Nicholas W. (Nicholas William)
Optimal Design of Hybrid Energy System with PV/ Wind Turbine/ Storage: A Case Study
with photovoltaic (PV) arrays, wind turbines, and battery storage is designed based on empirical weather and load with renewable resources such as solar and wind power, supplemented with battery storage in a case study. One the size of PV arrays, the number of wind turbines and the capacity of battery storage that limit
Low, Steven H.
Wind turbines application for energy savings in Gas transportation system.
?? The Thesis shows the perspectives of involving renewable energy resources into the energy balance of Russia, namely the use of wind energy for the� (more)
Mingaleeva, Renata
Optimum propeller wind turbines
The Prandtl-Betz-Theodorsen theory of heavily loaded airscrews has been adapted to the design of propeller windmills which are to be optimized for maximum power coefficient. It is shown that the simpler, light-loading, constant-area wake assumption can generate significantly different ''optimum'' performance and geometry, and that it is therefore not appropriate to the design of propeller wind turbines when operating in their normal range of high-tip-speed-to-wind-speed ratio. Design curves for optimum power coefficient are presented and an example of the design of a typical two-blade optimum rotor is given.
Sanderson, R.J.; Archer, R.D.
Airfoils for wind turbine
Airfoils are disclosed for the blade of a wind turbine wherein each airfoil is characterized by a thickness in a range from 16%-24% and a maximum lift coefficient designed to be largely insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoils include a family of airfoils for a blade 15 to 25 meters in length, a family of airfoils for a blade 1 to 5 meters in length, and a family of airfoils for a blade 5 to 10 meters in length. 10 figs.
Tangler, J.L.; Somers, D.M.
Airfoils for the blade of a wind turbine wherein each airfoil is characterized by a thickness in a range from 16%-24% and a maximum lift coefficient designed to be largely insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoils include a family of airfoils for a blade 15 to 25 meters in length, a family of airfoils for a blade 1 to 5 meters in length, and a family of airfoils for a blade 5 to 10 meters in length.
Tangler, James L. (Boulder, CO); Somers, Dan M. (State College, PA)
An experimental and numerical study of wind turbine seismic behavior
and Scope Wind energy is growing and turbines are regularlyfor Design of Wind Turbines. Wind Energy Department of Ris�loads on wind turbines. � European Wind Energy Conference
Prowell, I.
Smart Sensor System for Structural Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines: 30 May 2002--30 April 2006
This report describes the efforts of the University of Cincinnati, North Carolina A&T State University, and NREL to develop a structural neural system for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades.
Schulz, M. J.; Sundaresan, M. J.
Coupled dynamics and economic analysis of floating wind turbine systems
Against the backdrop of rising oil prices and increasing uncertainty in the future of energy and the health of the environment, wind energy is distinguished as a leading technology that is both technologically and economically ...
Wayman, E. N. (Elizabeth N.)
Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development
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Jonkman, J.; Butterfield, S.; Musial, W.; Scott, G.
Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation
Wind energy is a viable option to complement other types of pollution-free generation. In the early development of wind energy, the majority of wind turbines were operated at constant speed. Recently, the number of variable-speed wind turbines installed in wind farms has increased and more wind turbine manufacturers are making variable-speed wind turbines. This paper covers the operation of variable-speed wind turbines with pitch control. The system the authors considered is controlled to generate maximum energy while minimizing loads. The maximization of energy was only carried out on a static basis and only drive train loads were considered as a constraint. In medium wind speeds, the generator and power converter control the wind turbine to capture maximum energy from the wind. In the high wind speed region, the wind turbine is controlled to maintain the aerodynamic power produced by the wind turbine. Two methods to adjust the aerodynamic power were investigated: pitch control and generator load control, both of which are employed to control the operation of the wind turbine. The analysis and simulation shows that the wind turbine can be operated at its optimum energy capture while minimizing the load on the wind turbine for a wide range of wind speeds.
Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C.P.
Computational Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics for Wind Turbines
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Wind turbine/generator set having a stator cooling system located between stator frame and active coils
A wind turbine comprising an electrical generator that includes a rotor assembly. A wind rotor that includes a wind rotor hub is directly coupled to the rotor assembly via a simplified connection. The wind rotor and generator rotor assembly are rotatably mounted on a central spindle via a bearing assembly. The wind rotor hub includes an opening having a diameter larger than the outside diameter of the central spindle adjacent the bearing assembly so as to allow access to the bearing assembly from a cavity inside the wind rotor hub. The spindle is attached to a turret supported by a tower. Each of the spindle, turret and tower has an interior cavity that permits personnel to traverse therethrough to the cavity of the wind rotor hub. The wind turbine further includes a frictional braking system for slowing, stopping or keeping stopped the rotation of the wind rotor and rotor assembly.
Bevington, Christopher M.; Bywaters, Garrett L.; Coleman, Clint C.; Costin, Daniel P.; Danforth, William L.; Lynch, Jonathan A.; Rolland, Robert H.
Wind Turbine Safety and Function Test Report for the Gaia-Wind 11-kW Wind Turbine
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36 SEPTEMBER | 2012 WiNd TURbiNE CAPACiTY
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Kusiak, Andrew
Vertical axis wind turbine acoustics
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Pearson, Charlie
Addressing Wind Turbine Tribological Challenges with Surface...
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Modeling and control of an open accumulator Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for wind turbines q
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Li, Perry Y.
Flexible dynamics of floating wind turbines
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Luypaert, Thomas (Thomas J.)
Wind Turbine Safety and Function Test Report for the Mariah Windspire Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers to wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small wind turbines (SWT). In total, five turbines were tested at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of this project. Safety and function testing is one of up to five tests performed on the turbines, including power performance, duration, noise, and power-quality tests. NWTC testing results provide manufacturers with reports that may be used to meet part of small wind turbine certification requirements. The test equipment includes a Mariah Windspire wind turbine mounted on a monopole tower. L&E Machine manufactured the turbine in the United States. The inverter was manufactured separately by Technology Driven Products in the United States. The system was installed by the NWTC site operations group with guidance and assistance from Mariah Power.
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Yang, Zhenyu
Active load control techniques for wind turbines.
This report provides an overview on the current state of wind turbine control and introduces a number of active techniques that could be potentially used for control of wind turbine blades. The focus is on research regarding active flow control (AFC) as it applies to wind turbine performance and loads. The techniques and concepts described here are often described as 'smart structures' or 'smart rotor control'. This field is rapidly growing and there are numerous concepts currently being investigated around the world; some concepts already are focused on the wind energy industry and others are intended for use in other fields, but have the potential for wind turbine control. An AFC system can be broken into three categories: controls and sensors, actuators and devices, and the flow phenomena. This report focuses on the research involved with the actuators and devices and the generated flow phenomena caused by each device.
van Dam, C.P. (University of California, Davis, CA); Berg, Dale E.; Johnson, Scott J. (University of California, Davis, CA)
The Inside of a Wind Turbine
Wind turbines harness the power of the wind and use it to generate electricity. Simply stated, a wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan,...
Smart Structures and Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2010) 000-000 1 Structural monitoring of wind turbines using wireless
. Longer and lighter blade designs using novel materials (e.g., fiberglass composites) will yield better performance (Schulz and Sundaresan 2006). Frequently reversing wind loads and blade orientation with respectSmart Structures and Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2010) 000-000 1 Structural monitoring of wind turbines
Sweetman, Bert
Smart Structures and Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2010) 183-196 183 Structural monitoring of wind turbines using wireless
turbine designs. Longer and lighter blade designs using novel materials (e.g., fiberglass composites) will yield better performance (Schulz and Sundaresan 2006). Frequently reversing wind loads and bladeSmart Structures and Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2010) 183-196 183 Structural monitoring of wind
Lynch, Jerome P.
Variable diameter wind turbine rotor blades
A system and method for changing wind turbine rotor diameters to meet changing wind speeds and control system loads is disclosed. The rotor blades on the wind turbine are able to adjust length by extensions nested within or containing the base blade. The blades can have more than one extension in a variety of configurations. A cable winching system, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, inflatable or elastic extensions, and a spring-loaded jack knife deployment are some of the methods of adjustment. The extension is also protected from lightning by a grounding system.
Jamieson, Peter McKeich; Hornzee-Jones, Chris; Moroz, Emilian M.; Blakemore, Ralph W.
Estimation of Wind Speed in Connection to a Wind Turbine
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Installing Small Wind Turbines Seminar and Workshop
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A wind turbine has a rotor with at least one blade which has an aileron which is adjusted by an actuator. A hinge has two portions, one for mounting a stationary hinge arm to the blade, the other for coupling to the aileron actuator. Several types of hinges can be used, along with different actuators. The aileron is designed so that it has a constant chord with a number of identical sub-assemblies. The leading edge of the aileron has at least one curved portion so that the aileron does not vent over a certain range of angles, but vents if the position is outside the range. A cyclic actuator can be mounted to the aileron to adjust the position periodically. Generally, the aileron will be adjusted over a range related to the rotational position of the blade. A method for operating the cyclic assembly is also described.
Coleman, Clint (Warren, VT); Kurth, William T. (Warren, VT)
SERI advanced wind turbine blades
The primary goal of the Solar Energy Research Institute`s (SERI) advanced wind turbine blades is to convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy in an inexpensive and efficient manner. To accomplish this goal, advanced wind turbine blades have been developed by SERI that utilize unique airfoil technology. Performance characteristics of the advanced blades were verified through atmospheric testing on fixed-pitch, stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Of the various wind turbine configurations, the stall-regulated HAWT dominates the market because of its simplicity and low cost. Results of the atmospheric tests show that the SERI advanced blades produce 10% to 30% more energy than conventional blades. 6 refs.
Tangler, J.; Smith, B.; Jager, D.
The primary goal of the Solar Energy Research Institute's (SERI) advanced wind turbine blades is to convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy in an inexpensive and efficient manner. To accomplish this goal, advanced wind turbine blades have been developed by SERI that utilize unique airfoil technology. Performance characteristics of the advanced blades were verified through atmospheric testing on fixed-pitch, stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Of the various wind turbine configurations, the stall-regulated HAWT dominates the market because of its simplicity and low cost. Results of the atmospheric tests show that the SERI advanced blades produce 10% to 30% more energy than conventional blades. 6 refs.
Physical modeling of wind turbine generators in a small scale analog system
This project represents the physical modeling and experimental test of a Doubly-fed Induction Machine (DFIM), in order to substantially analyze the characteristic behaviors of wind turbines and its use in the micro-grid ...
Wang, Xuntuo
PowerJet Wind Turbine Project
PROJECT OBJECTIVE The PowerJet wind turbine overcomes problems characteristic of the small wind turbines that are on the market today by providing reliable output at a wide range of wind speeds, durability, silent operation at all wind speeds, and bird-safe operation. Prime Energy��?s objective for this project was to design and integrate a generator with an electrical controller and mechanical controls to maximize the generation of electricity by its wind turbine. The scope of this project was to design, construct and test a mechanical back plate to control rotational speed in high winds, and an electronic controller to maximize power output and to assist the base plate in controlling rotational speed in high winds. The test model will continue to operate beyond the time frame of the project, with the ultimate goal of manufacturing and marketing the PowerJet worldwide. Increased Understanding of Electronic & Mechanical Controls Integrated With Electricity Generator The PowerJet back plate begins to open as wind speed exceeds 13.5 mps. The pressure inside the turbine and the turbine rotational speed are held constant. Once the back plate has fully opened at approximately 29 mps, the controller begins pulsing back to the generator to limit the rotational speed of the turbine. At a wind speed in excess of 29 mps, the controller shorts the generator and brings the turbine to a complete stop. As the wind speed subsides, the controller releases the turbine and it resumes producing electricity. Data collection and instrumentation problems prevented identification of the exact speeds at which these events occur. However, the turbine, controller and generator survived winds in excess of 36 mps, confirming that the two over-speed controls accomplished their purpose. Technical Effectiveness & Economic Feasibility Maximum Electrical Output The output of electricity is maximized by the integration of an electronic controller and mechanical over-speed controls designed and tested during the course of this project. The output exceeds that of the PowerJet��?s 3-bladed counterparts (see Appendix). Durability All components of the PowerJet turbine assembly��?including the electronic and mechanical controls designed, manufactured and field tested during the course of this project��?proved to be durable through severe weather conditions, with constant operation and no interruption in energy production. Low Cost Materials for the turbine, generator, tower, charge controllers and ancillary parts are available at reasonable prices. Fabrication of these parts is also readily available worldwide. The cost of assembling and installing the turbine is reduced because it has fewer parts and requires less labor to manufacture and assemble, making it competitively priced compared with turbines of similar output manufactured in the U.S. and Europe. The electronic controller is the unique part to be included in the turbine package. The controllers can be manufactured in reasonably-sized production runs to keep the cost below $250 each. The data logger and 24 sensors are for research only and will be unnecessary for the commercial product. Benefit To Public The PowerJet wind-electric system is designed for distributed wind generation in 3 and 4 class winds. This wind turbine meets DOE��?s requirements for a quiet, durable, bird-safe turbine that eventually can be deployed as a grid-connected generator in urban and suburban settings. Results As described more fully below and illustrated in the Appendices, the goals and objectives outlined in 2060 SOPO were fully met. Electronic and mechanical controls were successfully designed, manufactured and integrated with the generator. The turbine, tower, controllers and generators operated without incident throughout the test period, surviving severe winter and summer weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, ice and sustained high winds. The electronic controls were contained in weather-proof electrical boxes and the elec
Bartlett, Raymond J
Power Performance Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a power performance test that NREL conducted on the SWIFT wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator Systems Part 12: Power Performance Measurements of Electricity Producing Wind Turbines, IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.1.0, 2005-12. However, because the SWIFT is a small turbine as defined by IEC, NREL also followed Annex H that applies to small wind turbines. In these summary results, wind speed is normalized to sea-level air density.
Mendoza, I.; Hur, J.
Parametric design of floating wind turbines
As the price of energy increases and wind turbine technology matures, it is evident that cost effective designs for floating wind turbines are needed. The next frontier for wind power is the ocean, yet development in near ...
Tracy, Christopher (Christopher Henry)
Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine Analysis Code
, it is necessary to develop innovative wind capturing devices that can produce energy in the locations where large conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are too impractical to install and operate. A diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) is one...
Carroll, Jonathan
3.2.1 Description of Test Wind Turbine . . . . . .Figure 1.2: Components of a modern wind turbine . . . . . .D.3: D.4: Wind turbine parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .
a steel 1-MW wind turbine tower. � Engineering Structures,testing of a steel wind turbine tower. � Proceedings of theanalysis of steel wind turbine towers in the canadian
5th International Meeting Wind Turbine Noise
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Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Airfoils for the tip and mid-span regions of a wind turbine blade have upper surface and lower surface shapes and contours between a leading edge and a trailing edge that minimize roughness effects of the airfoil and provide maximum lift coefficients that are largely insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoil in one embodiment is shaped and contoured to have a thickness in a range of about fourteen to seventeen percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 1.4 to 1.5. In another embodiment, the airfoil is shaped and contoured to have a thickness in a range of about fourteen percent to sixteen percent, a Reynolds number in a range of about 1,500,000 to 3,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 0.7 to 1.5. Another embodiment of the airfoil is shaped and contoured to have a Reynolds in a range of about 1,500,000 to 4,000,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range of about 1.0 to 1.5.
APPENDIX A MEASURING IMPACTS TO BIRDS CAUSED BY WIND TURBINES #12;A-1 APPENDIX A MEASURING IMPACTS TO BIRDS CAUSED BY WIND TURBINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION Differential composition of wind turbines at wind energy used is the number of fatalities per wind turbine per year (Anderson et al. 1999). This metric has
Wind Turbines Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
Wind Turbines Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Objective · Introduce students to the concept of alternative energy. · Explain the math and scientific principles behind engineering wind turbines. Standards and how it applies to wind energy · About how surface area and shape effects wind turbine efficiency
Provancher, William
A Fatigue Approach to Wind Turbine Control
A Fatigue Approach to Wind Turbine Control Keld Hammerum Kongens Lyngby 2006 #12;Technical to the turbulent nature of wind, the structural components of a wind turbine are exposed to highly varying loads. Therefore, fatigue damage is a major consideration when designing wind turbines. The control scheme applied
Sandia Wind Turbine Loads Database
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Sandia Wind Turbine Loads Database is divided into six files, each corresponding to approximately 16 years of simulation. The files are text files with data in columnar format. The 424MB zipped file containing six data files can be downloaded by the public. The files simulate 10-minute maximum loads for the NREL 5MW wind turbine. The details of the loads simulations can be found in the paper: �Decades of Wind Turbine Loads Simulations�, M. Barone, J. Paquette, B. Resor, and L. Manuel, AIAA2012-1288 (3.69MB PDF). Note that the site-average wind speed is 10 m/s (class I-B), not the 8.5 m/s reported in the paper.
Energy 101: Wind Turbines - 2014 Update
See how wind turbines generate clean electricity from the power of wind. The video highlights the basic principles at work in wind turbines, and illustrates how the various components work to capture and convert wind energy to electricity. This updated version also includes information on the Energy Department's efforts to advance offshore wind power. Offshore wind energy footage courtesy of Vestas.
Operational behavior of a double-fed permanent magnet generator for wind turbines
Greater efficiency in wind turbine systems is achieved by allowing the rotor to change its rate of rotation as the wind speed changes. The wind turbine system is decoupled from the utility grid and a variable speed operation ...
Reddy, Sivananda Kumjula
Sandia National Laboratories: Siting: Wind Turbine/Radar Interference...
and MIT Lincoln Laboratory). The goal is to overcome interference caused by wind turbines on civilian and military radar systems by developing site planning tools,...
St h ti d i l i fStochastic dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbines
1 St h ti d i l i fStochastic dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbines with emphasis on fatigue analysis of offshore bottom-fixed wind turbines · Modelling and dynamic analysis of floating wind turbines Stochastic dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbines; mooring system for wave energy converters · 2010 8
Nørvåg, Kjetil
58:164 Fundamentals of Wind Turbines (ME:4164:0001)
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Revenue Maximization of Electricity Generation for a Wind Turbine Integrated with a Compressed Air Energy Storage System
controller is developed for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system integrated with a wind turbine storage vessel. The storage vessel contains both liquid and compressed air at the same pressure. Energy significant reduction in generation costs. Among all different types of energy storage approaches, compressed
Abstract--A novel compressed air energy storage system for wind turbine is proposed. It captures excess power prior to
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of Seismic and Wind Load Combinations 8.5.2 Extremeextrapolation for wind turbine extreme loads. � Wind Energy,extrapolation for wind turbine extreme loads. � 46th AIAA
Vertical axis wind turbine airfoil
A vertical axis wind turbine airfoil is described. The wind turbine airfoil can include a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper curved surface, a lower curved surface, and a centerline running between the upper surface and the lower surface and from the leading edge to the trailing edge. The airfoil can be configured so that the distance between the centerline and the upper surface is the same as the distance between the centerline and the lower surface at all points along the length of the airfoil. A plurality of such airfoils can be included in a vertical axis wind turbine. These airfoils can be vertically disposed and can rotate about a vertical axis.
Krivcov, Vladimir; Krivospitski, Vladimir; Maksimov, Vasili; Halstead, Richard; Grahov, Jurij Vasiljevich
Building the Basic PVC Wind Turbine
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Energy Smart CD- Building PVC Turbine 8 Some Blade Building Tips KidWind model wind turbines are designed for use in science classes, or as a hobby or science fair project....
Prototype bucket foundation for wind turbines
Prototype bucket foundation for wind turbines -natural frequency estimation Lars Bo Ibsen Morten bucket foundation for wind turbines -natural frequency estimation by Lars Bo Ibsen Morten Liingaard foundation for wind turbines--natural frequency estimation" is divided into four numbered sections
axis wind turbine: Topics by E-print Network
to note that these views Firestone, Jeremy 65 WIND TURBINE SITING IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE HULL, MA 660 KW TURBINE Renewable Energy Websites Summary: 1 WIND TURBINE...
LQ Optimal Control of Wind Turbines in Hybrid Power Systems N.A. Cutululis1
taken into account for the design of a wind diesel power system is the wind power penetration, which electrical load. However, the penetration of wind power into small diesel-based grids is limited because variations is well suited for operating in small wind diesel power systems. The antagonistic demands
Wind turbine reliability :understanding and minimizing wind turbine operation and maintenance costs.
Wind turbine system reliability is a critical factor in the success of a wind energy project. Poor reliability directly affects both the project's revenue stream through increased operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and reduced availability to generate power due to turbine downtime. Indirectly, the acceptance of wind-generated power by the financial and developer communities as a viable enterprise is influenced by the risk associated with the capital equipment reliability; increased risk, or at least the perception of increased risk, is generally accompanied by increased financing fees or interest rates. This paper outlines the issues relevant to wind turbine reliability for wind turbine power generation projects. The first sections describe the current state of the industry, identify the cost elements associated with wind farm O&M and availability and discuss the causes of uncertainty in estimating wind turbine component reliability. The latter sections discuss the means for reducing O&M costs and propose O&M related research and development efforts that could be pursued by the wind energy research community to reduce cost of energy.
Walford, Christopher A. (Global Energy Concepts. Kirkland, WA)
studied were vertical axis wind turbines, which are nottesting of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). For example,vertical axis turbines (VAWTs). Gradually, as the industry matured, most design concepts standardized on horizontal axis wind turbines (
Energy Based Methods in Wind Turbine Control CeSOS Highlights and AMOS Visions
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How hard can it be to pitch a wind turbine blade? Moment of inertia approximately
How hard can it be to pitch a wind turbine blade? Moment of inertia approximately as a small car (1 a wind turbine blade? Hydraulic pitch actuator for the virtual NREL 5 MW turbine � Motivation � Actuator a wind turbine blade? Motivation � How to model a hydraulic pitch actuator? � Second order system
Base excitation testing system using spring elements to pivotally mount wind turbine blades
A system (1100) for fatigue testing wind turbine blades (1102) through forced or resonant excitation of the base (1104) of a blade (1102). The system (1100) includes a test stand (1112) and a restoring spring assembly (1120) mounted on the test stand (1112). The restoring spring assembly (1120) includes a primary spring element (1124) that extends outward from the test stand (1112) to a blade mounting plate (1130) configured to receive a base (1104) of blade (1102). During fatigue testing, a supported base (1104) of a blad (1102) may be pivotally mounted to the test stand (1112) via the restoring spring assembly (1120). The system (1100) may include an excitation input assembly (1140) that is interconnected with the blade mouting plate (1130) to selectively apply flapwise, edgewise, and/or pitch excitation forces. The restoring spring assemply (1120) may include at least one tuning spring member (1127) positioned adjacent to the primary spring element (1124) used to tune the spring constant or stiffness of the primary spring element (1124) in one of the excitation directions.
Cotrell, Jason; Hughes, Scott; Butterfield, Sandy; Lambert, Scott
Advanced controls for floating wind turbines
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) is a technology that stands to spearhead the rapid growth of the offshore wind energy sector and allow the exploration of vast high quality wind resources over coastal and offshore ...
Casanovas, Carlos (Casanovas Bermejo)
Wind Turbine Blockset in Matlab/Simulink
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Computational Analysis of Shrouded Wind Turbine Configurations
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Alonso, Juan J.
Fast Wind Turbine Design via Geometric Programming
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Abbeel, Pieter
Wind turbine reliability : understanding and minimizing wind turbine operation and maintenance costs.
Wind turbine system reliability is a critical factor in the success of a wind energy project. Poor reliability directly affects both the project's revenue stream through increased operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and reduced availability to generate power due to turbine downtime. Indirectly, the acceptance of wind-generated power by the financial and developer communities as a viable enterprise is influenced by the risk associated with the capital equipment reliability; increased risk, or at least the perception of increased risk, is generally accompanied by increased financing fees or interest rates. Cost of energy (COE) is a key project evaluation metric, both in commercial applications and in the U.S. federal wind energy program. To reflect this commercial reality, the wind energy research community has adopted COE as a decision-making and technology evaluation metric. The COE metric accounts for the effects of reliability through levelized replacement cost and unscheduled maintenance cost parameters. However, unlike the other cost contributors, such as initial capital investment and scheduled maintenance and operating expenses, costs associated with component failures are necessarily speculative. They are based on assumptions about the reliability of components that in many cases have not been operated for a complete life cycle. Due to the logistical and practical difficulty of replacing major components in a wind turbine, unanticipated failures (especially serial failures) can have a large impact on the economics of a project. The uncertainty associated with long-term component reliability has direct bearing on the confidence level associated with COE projections. In addition, wind turbine technology is evolving. New materials and designs are being incorporated in contemporary wind turbines with the ultimate goal of reducing weight, controlling loads, and improving energy capture. While the goal of these innovations is reduction in the COE, there is a potential impact on reliability whenever new technologies are introduced. While some of these innovations may ultimately improve reliability, in the short term, the technology risks and the perception of risk will increase. The COE metric used by researchers to evaluate technologies does not address this issue. This paper outlines the issues relevant to wind turbine reliability for wind turbine power generation projects. The first sections describe the current state of the industry, identify the cost elements associated with wind farm O&M and availability and discuss the causes of uncertainty in estimating wind turbine component reliability. The latter sections discuss the means for reducing O&M costs and propose O&M related research and development efforts that could be pursued by the wind energy research community to reduce COE.
Not Available
Dynamic analysis of a 5 megawatt offshore floating wind turbine
Why offshore wind energy? Offshore wind turbines have theturbine will also uncover potential problems that exist with offshore wind energy.
Harriger, Evan Michael
On the Fatigue Analysis of Wind Turbines
Modern wind turbines are fatigue critical machines that are typically used to produce electrical power from the wind. Operational experiences with these large rotating machines indicated that their components (primarily blades and blade joints) were failing at unexpectedly high rates, which led the wind turbine community to develop fatigue analysis capabilities for wind turbines. Our ability to analyze the fatigue behavior of wind turbine components has matured to the point that the prediction of service lifetime is becoming an essential part of the design process. In this review paper, I summarize the technology and describe the ''best practices'' for the fatigue analysis of a wind turbine component. The paper focuses on U.S. technology, but cites European references that provide important insights into the fatigue analysis of wind turbines.
Sutherland, Herbert J.
Wind Turbine Manufacturing Process Monitoring
To develop a practical inline inspection that could be used in combination with automated composite material placement equipment to economically manufacture high performance and reliable carbon composite wind turbine blade spar caps. The approach technical feasibility and cost benefit will be assessed to provide a solid basis for further development and implementation in the wind turbine industry. The program is focused on the following technology development: (1) Develop in-line monitoring methods, using optical metrology and ultrasound inspection, and perform a demonstration in the lab. This includes development of the approach and performing appropriate demonstration in the lab; (2) Develop methods to predict composite strength reduction due to defects; and (3) Develop process models to predict defects from leading indicators found in the uncured composites.
Waseem Faidi; Chris Nafis; Shatil Sinha; Chandra Yerramalli; Anthony Waas; Suresh Advani; John Gangloff; Pavel Simacek
ERCOT's Dynamic Model of Wind Turbine Generators: Preprint
By the end of 2003, the total installed wind farm capacity in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) system was approximately 1 gigawatt (GW) and the total in the United States was about 5 GW. As the number of wind turbines installed throughout the United States increases, there is a greater need for dynamic wind turbine generator models that can properly model entire power systems for different types of analysis. This paper describes the ERCOT dynamic models and simulations of a simple network with different types of wind turbine models currently available.
Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Conto, J.; Donoho, K.
Set-point reconfiguration approach for the FTC of wind turbines
Set-point reconfiguration approach for the FTC of wind turbines B. Boussaid C. Aubrun N system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is illustrated by a wind turbine example issue. Nowadays, wind turbines which generate electrical energy from the wind energy are considered one
Performance of propeller wind turbines
Presented herein is a parametric study of the performance of propeller wind turbines with realistic drag/lift ratios. Calculations were made using the complete Glauert vortex blade element theory in annular streamtube elements with the complete turbine performance being the sum of the elemental results up to a specified tip speed ratio. The objective here is to exhibit a new computational technique which yields performance directly when tangential speed ratio and section aerodynamic characteristics are specified. It was found that for a tip speed ratio of 4, turbines with drag/lift ratios of 0.00 and 0.01 had power coefficients of 0.575 and 0.55, respectively. The off-design performance of the finite drag/lift was far better than that of their zero drag counterparts, except in a + or - 20% region about the design conditions. Tolerance to off-design operation increased with decreasing tip speed ratios so that the annual energy capture for tip speed ratios between 2 and 4 was about 87% of the ideal turbine value. The results are intended to provide a basis for re-evaluation of the power range classes of fixed pitch turbines and design tip speed ratios.
Wortman, A.
Dynamic simulation of dual-speed wind turbine generation
Induction generators have been used since the early development of utility-scale wind turbine generation. An induction generator is the generator of choice because of its ruggedness, and low cost. With an induction generator, the operating speed of the wind turbine is limited to a narrow range (almost constant speed). Dual- speed operation can be accomplished by using an induction generator with two different sets of winding configurations or by using two induction generators with two different rated speeds. With single- speed operation, the wind turbine operates at different power coefficients (Cp) as the wind speed varies. The operation at maximum Cp can occur only at a single wind speed. However, if the wind speed varies across a wider range, the operating Cp will vary significantly. Dual-speed operation has the advantage of enabling the wind turbine to operate at near maximum Cp over a wider range of wind-speeds. Thus, annual energy production can be increased. The dual-speed mode may generate less energy than a variable-speed mode; nevertheless, it offers an alternative to capture more energy than single-speed operation. In this paper, dual-speed operation of a wind turbine will be investigated. One type of control algorithm for dual- speed operation is proposed. Results from a dynamic simulation will be presented to show how the control algorithm works and how power, current and torque of the system vary as the wind turbine is exposed to varying wind speeds.
Dynamic Models for Wind Turbines and Wind Power Plants
The primary objective of this report was to develop universal manufacturer-independent wind turbine and wind power plant models that can be shared, used, and improved without any restrictions by project developers, manufacturers, and engineers. Manufacturer-specific models of wind turbines are favored for use in wind power interconnection studies. While they are detailed and accurate, their usages are limited to the terms of the non-disclosure agreement, thus stifling model sharing. The primary objective of the work proposed is to develop universal manufacturer-independent wind power plant models that can be shared, used, and improved without any restrictions by project developers, manufacturers, and engineers. Each of these models includes representations of general turbine aerodynamics, the mechanical drive-train, and the electrical characteristics of the generator and converter, as well as the control systems typically used. To determine how realistic model performance is, the performance of one of the models (doubly-fed induction generator model) has been validated using real-world wind power plant data. This work also documents selected applications of these models.
Singh, M.; Santoso, S.
Dynamic response analysis of a 900 kW wind turbine subject to ground excitation
powered by wind energy, wind turbines themselves stillWind Energy and Earthquake Activity Wind Turbines areTurbines. Det Norsk Veritas, Copen- hagen and Wind Energy
Caudillo, Adrian Felix
Offshore Wind Turbines Estimated Noise from Offshore Wind Turbine, Monhegan Island, Maine Addendum 2
Additional modeling for offshore wind turbines, for proposed floating wind platforms to be deployed by University of Maine/DeepCwind.
Aker, Pamela M.; Jones, Anthony M.; Copping, Andrea E.
Small Wind Research Turbine: Final Report
The Small Wind Research Turbine (SWRT) project was initiated to provide reliable test data for model validation of furling wind turbines and to help understand small wind turbine loads. This report will familiarize the user with the scope of the SWRT test and support the use of these data. In addition to describing all the testing details and results, the report presents an analysis of the test data and compares the SWRT test data to simulation results from the FAST aeroelastic simulation model.
Corbus, D.; Meadors, M.
Improving Wind Turbine Gearbox Reliability: Preprint
This paper describes a new research and development initiative to improve gearbox reliability in wind turbines begun at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, USA.
Musial, W.; Butterfield, S.; McNiff, B.
Structural reliability of offshore wind turbines.
??Statistical extrapolation is required to predict extreme loads, associated with a target return period, for offshore wind turbines. In statistical extrapolation, �short-term" distributions of the� (more)
Agarwal, Puneet, 1977-
1985. 23. Hau, E. Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies,for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines. Tech. no. NREL/CP-500-Full-scale Floating Wind Turbine." Statoil, 14 Oct. 2009.
Impacts of Wind Turbine Proximity on Property Values in Massachusetts
of Industrial Wind Turbine Noise on Sleep and Health.Waye, K. P. (2007) Wind Turbine Noise, Annoyance and Self-and Annoyance of Wind Turbine Noise. Acta Acus- tica United
Atkinson-Palombo, Carol
wind turbine. Rating Control Rotor Radius Rated Wind Speed Towerwind turbine is used in this design, however there are slight modifications of the tower.of the tower. Figure 2.3: NREL 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine [
Y. (1984). �Response of a wind turbine blade to seismic andM. (2006). �Swept wind turbine blade aeroelastic modelingto fatigue for wind turbine blades than earthquake loads. In
Wind turbine reliability : a database and analysis approach.
The US wind Industry has experienced remarkable growth since the turn of the century. At the same time, the physical size and electrical generation capabilities of wind turbines has also experienced remarkable growth. As the market continues to expand, and as wind generation continues to gain a significant share of the generation portfolio, the reliability of wind turbine technology becomes increasingly important. This report addresses how operations and maintenance costs are related to unreliability - that is the failures experienced by systems and components. Reliability tools are demonstrated, data needed to understand and catalog failure events is described, and practical wind turbine reliability models are illustrated, including preliminary results. This report also presents a continuing process of how to proceed with controlling industry requirements, needs, and expectations related to Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety. A simply stated goal of this process is to better understand and to improve the operable reliability of wind turbine installations.
Linsday, James (ARES Corporation); Briand, Daniel; Hill, Roger Ray; Stinebaugh, Jennifer A.; Benjamin, Allan S. (ARES Corporation)
Simulation of large-amplitude motion of floating wind turbines using conservation of momentum
of a floating wind turbine support structure capable of maintaining a near-vertical tower requires buoyancy far. The compliant floating wind turbine system can be considered as a multi-body system including tower, rotorSimulation of large-amplitude motion of floating wind turbines using conservation of momentum Lei
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?
Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to...
Washington University Can the Sound Generated by Modern Wind Turbines
Washington University Can the Sound Generated by Modern Wind Turbines Affect the Health of Those turbines haveWind turbines have been getting biggerbeen getting bigger and bigger....and bigger.... Lars Needs Wind turbines are "green" and areWind turbines are "green" and are contributing to our energy
Salt, Alec N.
Mixer-Ejector Wind Turbine: Breakthrough High Efficiency Shrouded Wind Turbine
Broad Funding Opportunity Announcement Project: FloDesign Wind Turbine�s innovative wind turbine, inspired by the design of jet engines, could deliver 300% more power than existing wind turbines of the same rotor diameter by extracting more energy over a larger area. FloDesign Wind Turbine�s unique shrouded design expands the wind capture area, and the mixing vortex downstream allows more energy to flow through the rotor without stalling the turbine. The unique rotor and shrouded design also provide significant opportunity for mass production and simplified assembly, enabling mid-scale turbines (approximately 100 kW) to produce power at a cost that is comparable to larger-scale conventional turbines.
Hydrogen Storage in Wind Turbine Towers: Cost Analysis and Conceptual...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
in Wind Turbine Towers: Cost Analysis and Conceptual Design Hydrogen Storage in Wind Turbine Towers: Cost Analysis and Conceptual Design Preprint 34851.pdf More Documents &...
EA-2004: Seneca Nation of Indians Wind Turbine Project, Cattaraugus...
Energy Savers [EERE]
EA-2004: Seneca Nation of Indians Wind Turbine Project, Cattaraugus Territory, New York EA-2004: Seneca Nation of Indians Wind Turbine Project, Cattaraugus Territory, New York...
GE, Sandia National Lab Improve Wind Turbines | GE Global Research
GE, Sandia National Lab Discover Pathway to Quieter, More Productive Wind Turbines GE, Sandia National Lab Discover Pathway to Quieter, More Productive Wind Turbines Use of...
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and their Habitats...
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and their Habitats:...
Use of SCADA Data for Failure Detection in Wind Turbines
This paper discusses the use of existing wind turbine SCADA data for development of fault detection and diagnostic techniques for wind turbines.
Kim, K.; Parthasarathy, G.; Uluyol, O.; Foslien, W.; Sheng, S.; Fleming, P.
Argonne Researchers Shine "Light" on Origins of Wind Turbine...
Argonne Researchers Shine "Light" on Origins of Wind Turbine Bearing Failures Argonne Researchers Shine "Light" on Origins of Wind Turbine Bearing Failures September 12, 2014 -...
SMART Wind Turbine Rotor: Design and Field Test | Department...
Design and Field Test SMART Wind Turbine Rotor: Design and Field Test This report documents the design, fabrication, and testing of the SMART Wind Turbine Rotor. This work...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
of Indians Wind Turbine Project, Cattaraugus Territory, Chautauqua County, Irving, New York EA-2004: Seneca Nation of Indians Wind Turbine Project, Cattaraugus Territory,...
Advanced Control Design and Testing for Wind Turbines at the...
Control Design and Testing for Wind Turbines at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Preprint Advanced Control Design and Testing for Wind Turbines at the National Renewable...
Sandia National Laboratories: Grid System Planning for Wind:...
Wind: Wind Generator Modeling A typical wind power plant may contain hundreds of wind turbines that are interconnected through a collector system. Though the impact of...
Aerodynamic interference between two Darrieus wind turbines
The effect of aerodynamic interference on the performance of two curved bladed Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbines has been calculated using a vortex/lifting line aerodynamic model. The turbines have a tower-to-tower separation distance of 1.5 turbine diameters, with the line of turbine centers varying with respect to the ambient wind direction. The effects of freestream turbulence were neglected. For the cases examined, the calculations showed that the downwind turbine power decrement (1) was significant only when the line of turbine centers was coincident with the ambient wind direction, (2) increased with increasing tipspeed ratio, and (3) is due more to induced flow angularities downstream than to speed deficits near the downstream turbine.
Schatzle, P.R.; Klimas, P.C.; Spahr, H.R.
Offshore Wind Turbines: Some Technical Challenges
1 Offshore Wind Turbines: Some Technical Challenges Prof. Guy Houlsby FREng Oxford University House engineers concerned with installation of offshore wind turbines. The author is Professor of Civil of foundations for offshore structures. He also has a strong interest in the development of the fundamental
Houlsby, Guy T.
An overview of DOE`s wind turbine development programs
The development of technologically advanced, higher efficiency wind turbines continues to be a high priority activity of the US wind industry. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting and sponsoring a range of programs aimed at assisting the wind industry with system design, development, and testing. The overall goal is to develop systems that can compete with conventional electric generation for $.05/kWh at 5.8 m/s (13 mph sites) by the mid-1990s and with fossil-fuel-based generators for $.04/kWh at 5.8 m/s sites by the year 2000. These goals will be achieved through several programs. The Value Engineered Turbine Program will promote the rapid development of US capability to manufacture wind turbines with known and well documented records of performance, cost, and reliability, to take advantage of near-term market opportunities. The Advanced Wind Turbine Program will assist US industry to develop and integrate innovative technologies into utility-grade wind turbines for the near-term (mid 1990s) and to develop a new generation of turbines for the year 2000. The collaborative Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)/DOE Utility Wind Turbine Performance Verification Program will deploy and evaluate commercial-prototype wind turbines in typical utility operating environments, to provide a bridge between development programs currently underway and commercial purchases of utility-grade wind turbines. A number of collaborative efforts also will help develop a range of small systems optimized to work in a diesel hybrid environment to provide electricity for smaller non-grid-connected applications.
Laxson, A; Dodge, D; Flowers, L [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Loose, R; Goldman, P [Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC (United States)
the risk issue of wind measurement for wind turbine operation
Sciences, National Taiwan University #12;outline � Wind measurement in meteorology and wind farm design-related issues on wind turbine operation 3/31/2011 2 #12;WIND MEASUREMENT IN METEOROLOGY & WIND FARM DESIGN 3.brainybetty.com 11 wind farm at ChangHwa Coastal Industrial Park 70m wind tower 70m 50m 30m 10m #12;1 2 3 4 5 1 (70M
Leu, Tzong-Shyng "Jeremy"
Responses of floating wind turbines to wind and wave excitation
The use of wind power has recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional electricity generation. However, space requirements and public pressure to place unsightly wind turbines out of visual range make it ...
Lee, Kwang Hyun
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics A Framework for the Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbines
of Wind Turbines against Windstorms and Non-Standard Inflow Definitions Lance Manuel1 Dept. of Civil typical wind turbine systems are yet to be characterized in ways that drive aeroelastic loads and design., but the coherence structure and turbulence kinetics at the spatial scale of wind turbine rotors are not as well
Manuel, Lance
High-Order Sliding Mode Control of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine
High-Order Sliding Mode Control of a DFIG-Based Wind Turbine for Power Maximization and Grid Fault tolerance of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbine (WT). These variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional wind turbine operating methods, such as the reduction
Estimating Wind Turbine Parameters and Quantifying Their Effects on Dynamic Behavior
variable-speed wind turbines in grid stability studies. Often the values for model parameters are poorly parameters on the dynamic behavior of wind turbine generators. A parameter estimation process is then used [1], [2]. Accordingly, the impact of wind turbine generators (WTGs) on power system dynamic
The Federal Advanced Wind Turbine Program
The development of technologically advanced, higher efficiency wind turbines has been identified as a high priority activity by the US wind industry. The Department of Energy`s Wind Energy Program has begun a multi-year development program aimed at assisting the wind industry with the design, development, and testing of advanced wind turbine systems that can compete with conventional electric generation for $0.05/kWh at 13 mph sites by the mid-1990s and with fossil-fuel-based generators for $0.04/kWh at 13 mph sites by the year 2000. The development plan consists of four phases: (1) Conceptual Design Studies; (2) Near-Term Product Development; (3) Next Generation Technology Integration and Design, and (4) Next- Generation Technology Development and Testing. The Conceptual Design Studies were begun in late 1990, and are scheduled for completion in the Spring of 1992. Preliminary results from these analyses are very promising and indicate that the goals stated above are technically feasible. This paper includes a brief summary of the Conceptual Design Studies and presents initial plans for the follow-on activities. 3 refs., 4 figs.
Hock, S.M.; Thresher, R.W. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Goldman, P.R. [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
The development of technologically advanced, higher efficiency wind turbines has been identified as a high priority activity by the US wind industry. The Department of Energy's Wind Energy Program has begun a multi-year development program aimed at assisting the wind industry with the design, development, and testing of advanced wind turbine systems that can compete with conventional electric generation for $0.05/kWh at 13 mph sites by the mid-1990s and with fossil-fuel-based generators for $0.04/kWh at 13 mph sites by the year 2000. The development plan consists of four phases: (1) Conceptual Design Studies; (2) Near-Term Product Development; (3) Next Generation Technology Integration and Design, and (4) Next- Generation Technology Development and Testing. The Conceptual Design Studies were begun in late 1990, and are scheduled for completion in the Spring of 1992. Preliminary results from these analyses are very promising and indicate that the goals stated above are technically feasible. This paper includes a brief summary of the Conceptual Design Studies and presents initial plans for the follow-on activities. 3 refs., 4 figs.
Hock, S M; Thresher, R W [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Goldman, P R [USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
Power Smoothing Control in a Grid-Connected Marine Current Turbine System for Compensating
similar principles in wind generation systems can be applied in marine current turbine (MCT) systems due
A Stochastic DEVS Wind Turbine Component Model for Wind Farm Simulation
A Stochastic DEVS Wind Turbine Component Model for Wind Farm Simulation Eduardo P´erez, Lewis, wind turbine, DEVS, STDEVS Abstract Wind farms use several wind turbines to generate electricity variations in wind speed and direction, wind turbines experience stochastic loading that of- ten lead
Ding, Yu
Wind Turbine Towers Establish New Height Standards and Reduce...
Wind Turbine Towers Establish New Height Standards and Reduce Cost of Wind Energy Wind Turbine Towers Establish New Height Standards and Reduce Cost of Wind Energy Case study that...
1Design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines Design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines
#12;#12;1Design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines UpWind Design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines A 20 MW turbine is feasible March 2011 Supported by: #12;March 20112 Photo:Nordex #12;3Design limits and solutions for very large wind turbines Contents 1. UpWind: Summary
Meteorological aspects of siting large wind turbines
This report, which focuses on the meteorological aspects of siting large wind turbines (turbines with a rated output exceeding 100 kW), has four main goals. The first is to outline the elements of a siting strategy that will identify the most favorable wind energy sites in a region and that will provide sufficient wind data to make responsible economic evaluations of the site wind resource possible. The second is to critique and summarize siting techniques that were studied in the Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Program. The third goal is to educate utility technical personnel, engineering consultants, and meteorological consultants (who may have not yet undertaken wind energy consulting) on meteorological phenomena relevant to wind turbine siting in order to enhance dialogues between these groups. The fourth goal is to minimize the chances of failure of early siting programs due to insufficient understanding of wind behavior.
Hiester, T.R.; Pennell, W.T.
Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technology: WindPACT Advanced Wind Turbine Drivetrain Designs; Northern Power Systems, Inc.
This fact sheet describes a subcontract with Northern Power Systems to develop a direct-drive (no gearbox) permanent magnet generator, which has the greatest potential to decrease the cost of energy.
Wind turbine having a direct-drive drivetrain
Structural responses and power output of a wind turbine are strongly affected by the wind field acting on the wind turbine. Knowledge about the wind field and its
ABSTRACT Structural responses and power output of a wind turbine are strongly affected by the wind field acting on the wind turbine. Knowledge about the wind field and its variations is essential not only for designing, but also for cost-efficiently managing wind turbines. Wind field monitoring
Stanford University
Influence of refraction on wind turbine noise
A semi-empirical method is applied to calculate the time-average sound level of wind turbine noise generation and propagation. Both are affected by wind shear refraction. Under upwind conditions the partially ensonified zone separates the fully ensonified zone (close to the turbine) and the shadow zone (far away from the turbine). Refraction is described in terms of the wind speed linear profile fitted to the power law profile. The rotating blades are treated as a two-dimensional circular source in the vertical plane. Inside the partially ensonified zone the effective A-weighted sound power decreases to zero when the receiver moves from the turbine toward the shadow zone. The presented results would be useful in practical applications to give a quick estimate of the effect of refraction on wind turbine noise.
Makarewicz, Rufin
Superconductivity for Large Scale Wind Turbines
A conceptual design has been completed for a 10MW superconducting direct drive wind turbine generator employing low temperature superconductors for the field winding. Key technology building blocks from the GE Wind and GE Healthcare businesses have been transferred across to the design of this concept machine. Wherever possible, conventional technology and production techniques have been used in order to support the case for commercialization of such a machine. Appendices A and B provide further details of the layout of the machine and the complete specification table for the concept design. Phase 1 of the program has allowed us to understand the trade-offs between the various sub-systems of such a generator and its integration with a wind turbine. A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) analysis have been completed resulting in the identification of high risk components within the design. The design has been analyzed from a commercial and economic point of view and Cost of Energy (COE) calculations have been carried out with the potential to reduce COE by up to 18% when compared with a permanent magnet direct drive 5MW baseline machine, resulting in a potential COE of 0.075 $/kWh. Finally, a top-level commercialization plan has been proposed to enable this technology to be transitioned to full volume production. The main body of this report will present the design processes employed and the main findings and conclusions.
R. Fair; W. Stautner; M. Douglass; R. Rajput-Ghoshal; M. Moscinski; P. Riley; D. Wagner; J. Kim; S. Hou; F. Lopez; K. Haran; J. Bray; T. Laskaris; J. Rochford; R. Duckworth
Midwest Consortium for Wind Turbine Reliability and Optimization
This report provides an overview of the efforts aimed to establish a student focused laboratory apparatus that will enhance Purdue's ability to recruit and train students in topics related to the dynamics, operations and economics of wind turbines. The project also aims to facilitate outreach to students at Purdue and in grades K-12 in the State of Indiana by sharing wind turbine operational data. For this project, a portable wind turbine test apparatus was developed and fabricated utilizing an AirX 400W wind energy converter. This turbine and test apparatus was outfitted with an array of sensors used to monitor wind speed, turbine rotor speed, power output and the tower structural dynamics. A major portion of this project included the development of a data logging program used to display real-time sensor data and the recording and creation of output files for data post-processing. The apparatus was tested in an open field to subject the turbine to typical operating conditions and the data acquisition system was adjusted to obtain desired functionality to facilitate use for student projects in existing courses offered at Purdue University and Indiana University. Data collected using the data logging program is analyzed and presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the test apparatus related to wind turbine dynamics and operations.
Scott R. Dana; Douglas E. Adams; Noah J. Myrent
Understanding Trends in Wind Turbine Prices Over the Past Decade
embodied in wind turbine materials (6.37 GJ/kW) from the3.5-3.7). Wind turbines are material-intensive. Eachmanufacturing these materials into turbine components may
Bolinger, Mark
Advanced Wind Turbine Controls Reduce Loads (Fact Sheet)
NREL's National Wind Technology Center provides the world's only dedicated turbine controls testing platforms.
A low order model for vertical axis wind turbines
A new computational model for initial sizing and performance prediction of vertical axis wind turbines
Drela, Mark
Wind Turbines and Health A Rapid Review of the Evidence
1 Wind Turbines and Health A Rapid Review of the Evidence July 2010 #12;2 Wind Turbines and Health of the evidence from current literature on the issue of wind turbines and potential impacts on human health regarding wind turbines and their potential effect on human health. It is important to note that these views
Firestone, Jeremy
Doctoral Position Aeroelastic Analysis of Large Wind Turbines
Doctoral Position Aeroelastic Analysis of Large Wind Turbines In the research project "Aeroelastic Analysis Horizontal-axis wind turbine and numerical model. of Large Wind Turbines" funded by the Ger- man involving the in-house Finite-Element CFD code XNS to enable the simulation of wind turbines. The ability
Loads Analysis of Several Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Concepts
This paper presents a comprehensive dynamic-response analysis of six offshore floating wind turbine concepts.
Robertson, A. N.; Jonkman, J. M.
NREL: Wind Research - Systems Engineering Home Page
Illustration of a wind farm with a town in the background and a crane lifting the turbine blades onto the last turbine. A complete wind energy system includes the plant's...
Enabling New Markets for Offshore Wind Energy." Proc. ofand Laura Parsons. Offshore Wind Energy. Washingto, DC:Challenges for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines. Tech. no.
Dual-speed wind turbine generation
Induction generator has been used since the early development of utility-scale wind turbine generation. An induction generator is the generator of choice because of its ruggedness and low cost. With an induction generator, the operating speed of the wind turbine is limited to a narrow range (almost constant speed). Dual- speed operation can be accomplished by using an induction generator with two different sets of winding configurations or by using a dual output drive train to drive two induction generators with two different rated speeds. With single-speed operation, the wind turbine operates at different power coefficients (Cp) as the wind speed varies. Operation at maximum Cp can occur only at a single wind speed. However, if the wind speed.varies across a wider range, the operating Cp will vary significantly. Dual-speed operation has the advantage of enabling the wind turbine to operate at near maximum Cp over a wider range of wind speeds. Thus, annual energy production can be increased. The dual-speed mode may generate less energy than a variable-speed mode; nevertheless, it offers an alternative which captures more energy than single-speed operation. In this paper, dual-speed operation of a wind turbine is investigated. Annual energy production is compared between single-speed and dual-speed operation. One type of control algorithm for dual-speed operation is proposed. Some results from a dynamic simulation will be presented to show how the control algorithm works as the wind turbine is exposed to varying wind speeds.
Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C.P. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)] [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Handman, D. [Flowind Corp., San Rafael, CA (United States)] [Flowind Corp., San Rafael, CA (United States)
Riso-M-2546 g Wind Turbine Test
Riso-M-2546 g Wind Turbine Test Wind Matic WM 17S Troels Friis Pedersen The Test Station for Windmills Riso National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark April 1986 #12;#12;RIS0-M-2546 WIND TURBINE describes standard measurements performed on a Wind-Matic WM 17S, 75 kW wind turbine. The measurements
Diffuser for augmenting a wind turbine
A diffuser for augmenting a wind turbine having means for energizing the boundary layer at several locations along the diffuser walls is improved by the addition of a short collar extending radially outward from the outlet of the diffuser.
Foreman, Kenneth M. (North Bellmore, NY); Gilbert, Barry L. (Westbury, NY)
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundation parameter study
The dynamic failure criterion governing the dimensions of prototype Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Foundations is treated as a variable parameter. The resulting change in foundation dimensions and costs is examined.
Lodde, P.F.
Wind Turbine Drivetrain Condition Monitoring - An Overview
This paper provides an overview of wind turbine drivetrain condition monitoring based on presentations from a condition monitoring workshop organized by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in 2009 and on additional references.
Sheng, S; Veers, P.
Probabilistic extreme response analysis of large wind turbines to natural winds.
??With increases in size and flexibility of modern wind turbines, especially for offshore applications, an improved understanding and assessment of turbine performance under various wind� (more)
Gong, Kuangmin
Data Analytics Methods in Wind Turbine Design and Operations
This dissertation develops sophisticated data analytic methods to analyze structural loads on, and power generation of, wind turbines. Wind turbines, which convert the kinetic energy in wind into electrical power, are operated within stochastic...
Lee, Giwhyun
Collegiate Wind Competition Turbines go Blade-to-Blade in Wind...
This wind tunnel constructed by NREL engineers will test the small wind turbines designed by 10 university teams competing in DOE's Collegiate Wind Competition. This wind tunnel...
Passively cooled direct drive wind turbine
A wind turbine is provided that passively cools an electrical generator. The wind turbine includes a plurality of fins arranged peripherally around a generator house. Each of the fins being oriented at an angle greater than zero degrees to allow parallel flow of air over the fin. The fin is further tapered to allow a constant portion of the fin to extend beyond the air stream boundary layer. Turbulence initiators on the nose cone further enhance heat transfer at the fins.
Costin, Daniel P. (Chelsea, VT)
Economic Impacts of Wind Turbine Development in U.S. Counties
15 percent)). Cumulative wind turbine capacity installed inper capita income of wind turbine development (measured inour sample, cumulative wind turbine capacity on a per person
J., Brown
response analysis of wind turbine towers including soil-were attached to the wind turbine tower at 7 locations alongload demands on the wind turbine tower structure. Additional
NREL Small Wind Turbine Test Project: Mariah Power's Windspire Wind Turbine Test Chronology
This report presents a chronology of tests conducted at NREL's National Wind Technology Center on Mariah Power's Windspire 1.2-kW wind turbine and a letter of response from Mariah Power.
Huskey, A.; Forsyth, T.
Laboratory implementation of variable-speed wind turbine generation
To improve the performance of wind turbines, various control schemes such as variable speed operation have been proposed. Testing of these control algorithms on a full scale system is very expensive. To test these systems simulation, we developed programs and small scale laboratory experiments. We used this system to verify a control method that attempts to keep the turbine operating at its peak power coefficient. Both the simulations and the experiments verified the principle of operation of this control scheme.
Zinger, D.S. [Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL (United States)] [Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL (United States); Miller, A.A. [Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID (United States)] [Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID (United States); Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C.P.; Robinson, M.C. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)] [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
Jet spoiler arrangement for wind turbine
An air jet spoiler arrangement is provided for a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind-powered turbine. Air is drawn into hollow turbine blades through air inlets at the ends thereof and is ejected in the form of air jets through small holes or openings provided along the lengths of the blades. The air jets create flow separation at the surfaces of the turbine blades, thereby inducing stall conditions and reducing the output power. A feedback control unit senses the power output of the turbine and controls the amount of air drawn into the air inlets accordingly.
Cyrus, Jack D. (Corrales, NM); Kadlec, Emil G. (Albuquerque, NM); Klimas, Paul C. (Albuquerque, NM)
An air jet spoiler arrangement is provided for a Darrieus-type vertical axis wind-powered turbine. Air is drawn into hollow turbine blades through air inlets at the end thereof and is ejected in the form of air jets through small holes or openings provided along the lengths of the blades. The air jets create flow separation at the surfaces of the turbine blades, thereby including stall conditions and reducing the output power. A feedback control unit senses the power output of the turbine and controls the amount of air drawn into the air inlets accordingly.
Cyrus, J.D.; Kadlec, E.G.; Klimas, P.C.
Xi an Nordex Wind Turbine Co Ltd aka Xi an Weide Wind Power Equipment...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Wind Turbine Co Ltd aka Xi an Weide Wind Power Equipment Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name: Xi'an Nordex Wind Turbine Co Ltd (aka Xi'an Weide Wind Power Equipment Co Ltd)...
New tools for identification of wind turbine structures
The new identification tools used in this research to analyze input-output time histories of a wind turbine structure, with a wide-band excitation, allow to obtain its modal state space representation. This representation reveals the internal behavior of the system, such as the interaction between its physical parameters. The techniques presented in this paper also allow researchers to obtain modal parameters, as well as frequency responses of a properly excited wind turbine structure immersed in wind noise. The use of two identification algorithms with the same, relatively simple numerical example, enables to compare the results obtained with the actual characteristics of the system modeled. Then, an example using the data generated by the ADAMS{reg_sign} model of the Micon 65/13 wind turbine structure is considered to illustrate additional elements to be included in the identification procedure for such a complex flexible structure.
Bialasiewicz, J.T.; Osgood, R.M. [National Renewable Enery Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
Tutorial of Wind Turbine Control for Supporting Grid Frequency through Active Power Control: Preprint
As wind energy becomes a larger portion of the world's energy portfolio and wind turbines become larger and more expensive, wind turbine control systems play an ever more prominent role in the design and deployment of wind turbines. The goals of traditional wind turbine control systems are maximizing energy production while protecting the wind turbine components. As more wind generation is installed there is an increasing interest in wind turbines actively controlling their power output in order to meet power setpoints and to participate in frequency regulation for the utility grid. This capability will be beneficial for grid operators, as it seems possible that wind turbines can be more effective at providing some of these services than traditional power plants. Furthermore, establishing an ancillary market for such regulation can be beneficial for wind plant owner/operators and manufacturers that provide such services. In this tutorial paper we provide an overview of basic wind turbine control systems and highlight recent industry trends and research in wind turbine control systems for grid integration and frequency stability.
Aho, J.; Buckspan, A.; Laks, J.; Fleming, P.; Jeong, Y.; Dunne, F.; Churchfield, M.; Pao, L.; Johnson, K.
Offshore wind turbines have the potential to generateuncover potential problems that exist with offshore windwind turbines in operation, this technology has the potential
Vertical axis wind turbine control strategy
Early expensive in automatic operation of the Sandia 17-m vertical axis research wind turbine (VAWT) has demonstrated the need for a systematic study of control algorithms. To this end, a computer model has been developed that uses actual wind time series and turbine performance data to calculate the power produced by the Sandia 17-m VAWT operating in automatic control. The model has been used to investigate the influence of starting algorithms on annual energy production. The results indicate that, depending on turbine and local wind characteristics, a bad choice of a control algorithm can significantly reduce overall energy production. The model can be used to select control algorithms and threshold parameters that maximize long-term energy production. An attempt has been made to generalize these results from local site and turbine characteristics to obtain general guidelines for control algorithm design.
McNerney, G.M.
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia River Gorge. Photo: C. Bruce Forster
A wind turbine blade is ready to be lifted into place at the Windy Point Wind Farm in the Columbia with juvenile bypass systems to keep the smolts out of the turbines. But given the gravity of the [salmon
Subhourly wind forecasting techniques for wind turbine operations
Three models for making automated forecasts of subhourly wind and wind power fluctuations were examined to determine the models' appropriateness, accuracy, and reliability in wind forecasting for wind turbine operation. Such automated forecasts appear to have value not only in wind turbine control and operating strategies, but also in improving individual wind turbine control and operating strategies, but also in improving individual wind turbine operating strategies (such as determining when to attempt startup). A simple persistence model, an autoregressive model, and a generalized equivalent Markhov (GEM) model were developed and tested using spring season data from the WKY television tower located near Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The three models represent a pure measurement approach, a pure statistical method and a statistical-dynamical model, respectively. Forecasting models of wind speed means and measures of deviations about the mean were developed and tested for all three forecasting techniques for the 45-meter level and for the 10-, 30- and 60-minute time intervals. The results of this exploratory study indicate that a persistence-based approach, using onsite measurements, will probably be superior in the 10-minute time frame. The GEM model appears to have the most potential in 30-minute and longer time frames, particularly when forecasting wind speed fluctuations. However, several improvements to the GEM model are suggested. In comparison to the other models, the autoregressive model performed poorly at all time frames; but, it is recommended that this model be upgraded to an autoregressive moving average (ARMA or ARIMA) model. The primary constraint in adapting the forecasting models to the production of wind turbine cluster power output forecasts is the lack of either actual data, or suitable models, for simulating wind turbine cluster performance.
Wegley, H.L.; Kosorok, M.R.; Formica, W.J.
Dynamic Simulation of DFIG Wind Turbines on FPGA Boards
Dynamic Simulation of DFIG Wind Turbines on FPGA Boards Hao Chen, Student Member, IEEE, Song Sun is a friction coefficient. The wind turbine model is based on the relation between the upstream wind speed V w + 1 where p is the air density; Rw is the wind turbine radius; cp (A, (3) is the performance
Zambreno, Joseph A.
innovati nNREL Computer Models Integrate Wind Turbines with
innovati nNREL Computer Models Integrate Wind Turbines with Floating Platforms Far off the shores for today's seabed-mounted offshore wind turbines. For the United States to tap into these vast offshore wind energy resources, wind turbines must be mounted on floating platforms to be cost effective
Wind Turbine Test \\^ind Matic WM 15S
00 ·2 V. v/ RisoM-2481 Wind Turbine Test \\^ind Matic WM 15S Troels Friis Pedersent The Test Station for Windmills Riso National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark July 1986 #12;#12;RIS0-M-2481 WIND TURBINE describes standard measurements performed on a Wind-Matic WM 15S, 55 kW wind turbine. The measurements
Cambridge Danehy Park Wind Turbine Preliminary Project Assessment
Cambridge Danehy Park Wind Turbine Preliminary Project Assessment Overview MIT Wind Energy Projects 4 / 25 2.5 / 25 Rated Wind Speed (m/s) 13 10 14.5 ~15 12 The above turbines were chosen to provide, several recent studies examining birds and wind turbines have observed that most birds usually avoid
Ris-R-1111(EN) Ultimate Loading of Wind Turbines
Risø-R-1111(EN) Ultimate Loading of Wind Turbines Gunner Chr. Larsen, Knut Ronold, Hans E analysis as well as a wind turbine reliability study. In the wind climate analysis, the distribution to analyse wind turbine components with respect to failure in ultimate loading, and in addition to establish
Ris-PhD-Report Wind Turbines: Unsteady Aerodynamics and
Risø-PhD-Report Wind Turbines: Unsteady Aerodynamics and Inflow Noise Brian Riget Broe Risø-PhD-47 Title: Wind Turbines: Unsteady Aerodynamics and Inflow Noise Division: Wind Energy Division Risø-PhD-47(EN) December 2009 Abstract (max. 2000 char.): Aerodynamical noise from wind turbines due
TECHNICALADVANCES IN EPOXY TECHNOLOGY FOR WIND TURBINE BLADE COMPOSITE FABRICATION George C. Jacob reliability in many demanding applications including components for aerospace and wind turbine blades. While in operation, wind turbine blades are subjected to significant stresses from their movement, wind and other
Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines
Quantifying the hurricane risk to offshore wind turbines Stephen Rosea , Paulina Jaramilloa,1. Turbine tower buckling has been observed in typhoons, but no offshore wind turbines have yet been built be destroyed by hurricanes in an offshore wind farm. We apply this model to estimate the risk to offshore wind
Jaramillo, Paulina
Power control of a wind farm with active stall wind turbines and AC grid connection
Power control of a wind farm with active stall wind turbines and AC grid connection Anca D. Hansen1 controller for a wind farm made-up exclusively of active stall wind turbines with AC grid connection wind farm control involves both the control on wind turbine level as well as the central control
Wind Turbine Micropitting Workshop: A Recap
Micropitting is a Hertzian fatigue phenomenon that affects many wind turbine gearboxes, and it affects the reliability of the machines. With the major growth and increasing dependency on renewable energy, mechanical reliability is an extremely important issue. The U.S. Department of Energy has made a commitment to improving wind turbine reliability and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has started a gearbox reliability project. Micropitting as an issue that needed attention came to light through this effort. To understand the background of work that had already been accomplished, and to consolidate some level of collective understanding of the issue by acknowledged experts, NREL hosted a wind turbine micropitting workshop, which was held at the National Wind Technology Center in Boulder, Colorado, on April 15 and 16, 2009.
Sheng, S.
Load attenuating passively adaptive wind turbine blade
A method and apparatus for improving wind turbine performance by alleviating loads and controlling the rotor. The invention employs the use of a passively adaptive blade that senses the wind velocity or rotational speed, and accordingly modifies its aerodynamic configuration. The invention exploits the load mitigation prospects of a blade that twists toward feather as it bends. The invention includes passively adaptive wind turbine rotors or blades with currently preferred power control features. The apparatus is a composite fiber horizontal axis wind-turbine blade, in which a substantial majority of fibers in the blade skin are inclined at angles of between 15 and 30 degrees to the axis of the blade, to produces passive adaptive aeroelastic tailoring (bend-twist coupling) to alleviate loading without unduly jeopardizing performance.
Veers, Paul S. (Albuquerque, NM); Lobitz, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Veers, Paul S.; Lobitz, Donald W.
2014 Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop
The U.S. Energy Department's Sandia National Laboratories will host its 2014 Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Workshop at the Marriott Pyramid North in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The workshop provides a unique, blade focused collaborative forum that will bring together wind energy leaders from industry, academia, and government. Stay tuned for updates. Information regarding past Wind Workshops can be found at: http://windworkshops.sandia.gov/.
Development of a Control and Monitoring Platform Based on Fuzzy Logic for Wind Turbine Gearboxes .
??It is preferable that control and bearing condition monitoring are integrated, as the condition of the system should influence control actions. As wind turbines mainly� (more)
Chen, Wei
SUBSPACE-BASED DETECTION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE ON JACKET SUPPORT STRUCTURES OF OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES damage in real size structural components of offshore wind turbines. KEYWORDS : Damage detection, Offshore wind turbines, Numerical response simulation. INTRODUCTION Offshore wind turbines are exposed
Optimizing small wind turbine performance in battery charging applications
Many small wind turbine generators (10 kW or less) consist of a variable speed rotor driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator (alternator). One application of such wind turbines is battery charging, in which the generator is connected through a rectifier to a battery bank. The wind turbine electrical interface is essentially the same whether the turbine is part of a remote power supply for telecommunications, a standalone residential power system, or a hybrid village power system, in short, any system in which the wind generator output is rectified and fed into a DC bus. Field experience with such applications has shown that both the peak power output and the total energy capture of the wind turbine often fall short of expectations based on rotor size and generator rating. In this paper, the authors present a simple analytical model of the typical wind generator battery charging system that allows one to calculate actual power curves if the generator and rotor properties are known. The model clearly illustrates how the load characteristics affect the generator output. In the second part of this paper, the authors present four approaches to maximizing energy capture from wind turbines in battery charging applications. The first of these is to determine the optimal battery bank voltage for a given WTG. The second consists of adding capacitors in series with the generator. The third approach is to place an optimizing DC/DC voltage converter between the rectifier and the battery bank. The fourth is a combination of the series capacitors and the optimizing voltage controller. They also discuss both the limitations and the potential performance gain associated with each of the four configurations.
Drouilhet, S; Muljadi, E; Holz, R [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States). Wind Technology Div.; Gevorgian, V [State Engineering Univ. of Armenia, Yerevan (Armenia)
Comparing Single and Multiple Turbine Representations in a Wind Farm Simulation: Preprint
This paper compares single turbine representation versus multiple turbine representation in a wind farm simulation.
Muljadi, E.; Parsons, B.
E-Print Network 3.0 - axis wind turbines Sample Search Results
turbines Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: axis wind turbines...
Methods and apparatus for reducing peak wind turbine loads
A method for reducing peak loads of wind turbines in a changing wind environment includes measuring or estimating an instantaneous wind speed and direction at the wind turbine and determining a yaw error of the wind turbine relative to the measured instantaneous wind direction. The method further includes comparing the yaw error to a yaw error trigger that has different values at different wind speeds and shutting down the wind turbine when the yaw error exceeds the yaw error trigger corresponding to the measured or estimated instantaneous wind speed.
Moroz, Emilian Mieczyslaw
Study of Linear Equivalent Circuits of Electromechanical Systems for Turbine Generator Units.
??The thesis utilizes the analogy in dynamic equations between a mechanical and an electrical system to convert the steam-turbine, micro-turbine, wind-turbine and hydro-turbine generator mechanical� (more)
Tsai, Chia-Chun
This is a study of the impact that wind turbines have on residential property value. The wind turbines that are the focus of this study are the larger turbines being approximately 389ft tall and producing 1.0+ megawatts each, similar to the one pictured to the right. The study has been broken into three component parts, each looking at the value impact of the wind turbines from a different perspective. The three parts are: (1) a literature study, which reviews and summarizes what has been published on this matter found in the general media; (2) an opinion survey, which was given to area Realtors to learn their opinions on the impact of wind turbines in
Fond Du; Lac Counties Wisconsin
Impact of Increasing Distributed Wind Power and Wind Turbine Siting on Rural Distribution Feeder Voltage Profiles: Preprint
Many favorable wind energy resources in North America are located in remote locations without direct access to the transmission grid. Building transmission lines to connect remotely-located wind power plants to large load centers has become a barrier to increasing wind power penetration in North America. By connecting utility-sized megawatt-scale wind turbines to the distribution system, wind power supplied to consumers could be increased greatly. However, the impact of including megawatt-scale wind turbines on distribution feeders needs to be studied. The work presented here examined the impact that siting and power output of megawatt-scale wind turbines have on distribution feeder voltage. This is the start of work to present a general guide to megawatt-scale wind turbine impact on the distribution feeder and finding the amount of wind power that can be added without adversely impacting the distribution feeder operation, reliability, and power quality.
Allen, A.; Zhang, Y. C.; Hodge, B. M.
Methods of making wind turbine rotor blades
A method of manufacturing a root portion of a wind turbine blade includes, in an exemplary embodiment, providing an outer layer of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers, providing an inner layer of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers, and positioning at least two bands of reinforcing fibers between the inner and outer layers, with each band of reinforcing fibers including at least two woven mats of reinforcing fibers. The method further includes positioning a mat of randomly arranged reinforcing fibers between each pair of adjacent bands of reinforcing fibers, introducing a polymeric resin into the root potion of the wind turbine blade, infusing the resin through the outer layer, the inner layer, each band of reinforcing fibers, and each mat of random reinforcing fibers, and curing the resin to form the root portion of the wind turbine blade.
Livingston, Jamie T. (Pensacola, FL); Burke, Arthur H. E. (Gulf Breeze, FL); Bakhuis, Jan Willem (Nijverdal, NL); Van Breugel, Sjef (Enschede, NL); Billen, Andrew (Daarlerveen, NL)
Distributed Wind Market Report: Small Turbines Lead to Big Growth...
Growth in Exports August 18, 2014 - 12:13pm Addthis 1 of 11 Three 100 kilowatt (kW) wind turbines in Bisaccia, Italy. Last year, U.S. small wind turbines were exported to more than...
Timken Producing Parts for Wind Turbines | Department of Energy
Timken Producing Parts for Wind Turbines Timken Producing Parts for Wind Turbines June 28, 2010 - 3:38pm Addthis Some of Timkens bearings are so large that a small car could...
Multi-hazard Reliability Assessment of Offshore Wind Turbines
A probabilistic framework is developed to assess the structural reliability of offshore wind turbines. Probabilistic models are developed to predict the deformation, shear force and bending moment demands on the support structure of wind turbines...
Mardfekri Rastehkenari, Maryam 1981-
A doubly-fed permanent magnet generator for wind turbines
Optimum extraction of energy from a wind turbine requires that turbine speed vary with wind speed. Existing solutions to produce constant-frequency electrical output under windspeed variations are undesirable due to ...
Thomas, Andrew J. (Andrew Joseph), 1981-
Field Examples of Axial Cracked Bearings in Wind Turbine Gearboxes...
Field Examples of Axial Cracked Bearings in Wind Turbine Gearboxes Presented by Paul John Baker of FrontierPro Services at the Wind Turbine Tribology Seminar 2014. 141030 Axial...
Wind turbines are material-intensive. Each individual tower,and �towers and lattice masts,� and assume that 100% of the former and 95% of the latter are attributable to wind turbines.
Reduced Order Structural Modeling of Wind Turbine Blades
Conventional three dimensional structural analysis methods prove to be expensive for the preliminary design of wind turbine blades. However, wind turbine blades are large slender members with complex cross sections. They can be accurately modeled...
Jonnalagadda, Yellavenkatasunil
Wind energy, with an annual growth of about 30%, represents one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. Continuous long-term monitoring of wind turbines can greatly reduce maintenance
renewable energy sources. Continuous long-term monitoring of wind turbines can greatly reduce maintenance the profitability of wind turbines. A decentralized wind turbine monitoring system has been developed and installed on a 500 kW wind turbine in Germany. During its operation, temporary malfunctions of the installed sensing
State of the Art in Floating Wind Turbine Design Tools
This paper presents an overview of the simulation codes available to the offshore wind industry that are capable of performing integrated dynamic calculations for floating offshore wind turbines.
Cordle, A.; Jonkman, J.
SciTech Connect: Improved Wind Turbine Drivetrain Reliability...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
and Renewable Energy Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 17 WIND ENERGY; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING NONTORQUE LOADS; WIND TURBINE DRIVETRAIN;...
Titan propels GE wind turbine research into new territory | ornl...
Titan propels GE wind turbine research into new territory January 17, 2014 The amount of global electricity supplied by wind, the world's fastest growing energy source, is expected...
Sandia National Laboratories: Sandia Vertical-Axis Wind-Turbine...
ClimateECEnergyComputational Modeling & SimulationSandia Vertical-Axis Wind-Turbine Research Presented at Science of Making Torque from Wind Conference Sandia Vertical-Axis...
Design of PM generator for avertical axis wind turbine.
?? The task in this project is to design a generator for a vertical axis wind turbine withpower rated to 20kW at a wind speed� (more)
Rynkiewicz, Mateusz
Establishment of Small Wind Turbine Regional Test Centers (Presentation)
This presentation offers an overview of the Regional Test Centers project for Small Wind Turbine testing and certification.
Sinclair, K.
Modal Dynamics of Large Wind Turbines with Different Support Structures
This paper presents modal dynamics of floating-platform-supported and monopile-supported offshore wind turbines.
Bir, G.; Jonkman, J.
Methods and apparatus for rotor load control in wind turbines
A wind turbine having a rotor, at least one rotor blade, and a plurality of generators, of which a first generator is configured to provide power to an electric grid and a second generator is configured to provide power to the wind turbine during times of grid loss. The wind turbine is configured to utilize power provided by the second generator to reduce loads on the wind turbine during times of grid loss.
The Effect of Wind Speed and Electric Rates On Wind Turbine Economics
The Effect of Wind Speed and Electric Rates On Wind Turbine Economics Economics of wind power depends mainly on the wind speeds and the turbine make and model. Definition: Simple Payback The "Simple period of a small wind power project. All the figures are per turbine, so it can be used for a one, two
Dynamic stall on wind turbine blades
Dynamic loads must be predicted accurately in order to estimate the fatigue life of wind turbines operating in turbulent environments. Dynamic stall contributes to increased dynamic loads during normal operation of all types of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWTs). This report illustrates how dynamic stall varies throughout the blade span of a 10 m HAWT during yawed and unyawed operating conditions. Lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients during dynamics stall are discussed. Resulting dynamic loads are presented, and the effects of dynamic stall on yaw loads are demonstrated using a yaw loads dynamic analysis (YAWDYN). 12 refs., 22 figs., 1 tab.
Butterfield, C.P.; Simms, D.; Scott, G. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)] [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Hansen, A.C. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)] [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise
Due to swish and thump amplitude modulation, the noise of wind turbines cause more annoyance than other environmental noise of the same average level. The wind shear accounts for the thump modulation (van den Berg effect). Making use of the wind speed measurements at the hub height, as well as at the top and the bottom of the rotor disc (Fig.1), the non-standard wind profile is applied. It causes variations in the A-weighted sound pressure level, LpA. The difference between the maximum and minimum of LpA characterizes thump modulation (Fig.2).
Wind shear climatology for large wind turbine generators
Climatological wind shear analyses relevant to the design and operation of multimegawatt wind turbines are provided. Insight is provided for relating the wind experienced by a rotating blade in a shear flow to the analysis results. A simple analysis of the wind experienced by a rotating blade for three types of wind shear profiles under steady-state conditions is presented in graphical form. Comparisons of the magnitude and frequency of the variations in 1) the wind sensed by a single blade element, 2) the sum, and 3) the difference of the winds sensed by opposite blade elements show strong sensitivity to profile shape. These three items represent forcing functions that can be related to 1) flatwise bending moment, 2) torque on the shaft, and 3) teeter angle. A computer model was constructed to simulate rotational sampling of 10-s sampled winds from a tall tower for three different types of large wind turbines. Time series produced by the model indicated that the forcing functions on a rotating blade vary according to the shear profile encountered during each revolution as opposed to a profile derived from average wind conditions, e.g., hourly average winds. An analysis scheme was developed to establish a climatology of wind shear profiles derived from 10-s sampled winds and hourly average winds measured over a one-year period at several levels on a tall tower. Because of the sensitivity of the forcing function variability to profile shape, the analyses performed and presented are in the form of joint frequency distributions of velocity differences of the the top-to-hub versus the hub-to-bottom portion of disks of rotation for the three turbine configurations.
Elliott, D.L.; Wendell, L.L.; Heflick, S.K.
Ris-R-1400(EN) Dynamic wind turbine models in power
Risø-R-1400(EN) Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT Anca D December 2003 #12;#12;Contents Preface 5 1 Introduction 6 2 Wind turbine modelling in DIgSILENT 7 2.1 Power converters 14 2.2.3 Transformer 16 2.3 DSL models of wind turbine in DIgSILENT 18 2.3.1 Initialisation issues
Ris-R-1093(EN) European Wind Turbine Testing
Ris�-R-1093(EN) European Wind Turbine Testing Procedure Developments Task 2: Power Quality Poul #12;Contents Preface 5 1 Introduction 6 2 Standards and measurement procedures 6 3 Wind turbines 7 3 The present report describes the work done in the power quality subtask of the European Wind Turbine Testing
Ris-R-1352(EN) Models for Wind Turbines
Risø-R-1352(EN) Models for Wind Turbines a Collection Andreas Baumgart Gunner C. Larsen, Morten H is to supply new approaches to stability investigations of wind turbines. The author's opinion #12;Contents 1 Preface 5 2 Author's Notes 7 3 Theory of Rods applied to Wind Turbine Blades 9 3
Wave Models for Offshore Wind Turbines Puneet Agarwal
Wave Models for Offshore Wind Turbines Puneet Agarwal§ and Lance Manuely Department of Civil for estimating loads on the support structure (monopile) of an offshore wind turbine. We use a 5MW utility-scale wind turbine model for the simulations. Using, first, the sim- pler linear irregular wave modeling
Detection of aeroacoustic sound sources on aircraft and wind turbines
Detection of aeroacoustic sound sources on aircraft and wind turbines Stefan Oerlemans #12;Detection of aeroacoustic sound sources on aircraft and wind turbines S. Oerlemans Thesis University;DETECTION OF AEROACOUSTIC SOUND SOURCES ON AIRCRAFT AND WIND TURBINES PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de
Twente, Universiteit
Control of Wind Turbines for Power Regulation and
Control of Wind Turbines for Power Regulation and Load Reduction Juan Jose Garcia Quirante Kongens regulation and load reduction and their ensemble in a variable-speed wind turbine. The power regulation aspects of mathematical modelling of wind turbines, and especially the control methods suited for power
AIAA-2004-1184 1 AN AEROACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINES* Philip J. Morris, Lyle N. Long computational aeroacoustic methods that are being applied to predict the noise radiated by wind turbines. Since the wind turbine noise problem is very challenging, only some of the important noise sources and mechanisms
RELIABILITY COMPARISON MODELS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES (OWT) Yizhou Lu, T. M. Delorm, A. Christou of the reliability of these 5 Types Surrogate failure rate data Onshore wind turbines (OT) 1-1.5MW CONCLUSIONS., Faulstich, S. & van Bussel G. J. W. Reliability & availability of wind turbine electrical & electronic
Bernstein, Joseph B.
A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Weijun WANG , St´ephane CARO, Fouad email@example.com The aim of designing wind turbine blades is to improve the power capture ability by adjusting the twist of the blade's root and tip. To evaluate the performance of wind turbine blades
Recanati, Catherine
Taming Hurricanes With Arrays of Offshore Wind Turbines
Taming Hurricanes With Arrays of Offshore Wind Turbines Mark Z. Jacobson Cristina Archer, Willet #12;Representation of a vertically-resolved wind turbine in model Lines are model layers) or 50 m/s (destruction) speed. Can Walls of Offshore Wind Turbines Dissipate Hurricanes? #12;Katrina
Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines Based on Amplitude Demodulation
Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines Based on Amplitude Demodulation Yassine Amirat University. In order to make wind turbine reliable and competitive, it is important to reduce the operational-stationary behavior. Index Terms--Wind turbine, Fault Detection, Bearings, Signal Processing, Amplitude Modulation I
Potential Flow Modelling for Wind Turbines Shane Cline
Potential Flow Modelling for Wind Turbines by Shane Cline B.Sc., University of Toledo, 2003 M means, without the permission of the author. #12;ii Potential Flow Modelling for Wind Turbines by Shane potential flow methods are a promising alternative to mainstream wind turbine aerodynamics tools
Victoria, University of
Development of Wind Turbines Prototyping Software Under Matlab/Simulink
204 1 Development of Wind Turbines Prototyping Software Under Matlab/Simulink® Through present the development of a wind turbine prototyping software under Matlab/Simulink® through and the end of 1999, around 75% of all new grid-connected wind turbines worldwide were installed in Europe [3
LIGHTNING EXPOSURE OF WIND TURBINES University of Toronto
LIGHTNING EXPOSURE OF WIND TURBINES Dale Dolan University of Toronto e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract This paper applies the electrogeometric model of lightning exposure to a wind turbine to compute. For a typical 45 m wind turbine, the probability of being struck by a downward negative flash, as predicted
Lehn, Peter W.
Stochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua
of the wind turbine to its desired power production; and ii) the stochastic force (noise), whichStochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua Oldenburg 2007 Zur Homepage der Dissertation #12;#12;Stochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua Von der Fakult¨at f
Peinke, Joachim
EFFECTS OF FIBER WAVINESS ON COMPOSITES FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES J.F. Mandell D.D. Samborsky and L Composite materials of interest for wind turbine blades use relatively low cost fibers, resins and processes WORDS: Composite Materials, Fiber Waviness, Compressive Strength #12;1. INTRODUCTION Wind turbine blades
Ris-R-1209(EN) European Wind Turbine Testing
Risø-R-1209(EN) European Wind Turbine Testing Procedure Developments Task 1: Measurement Method to Verify Wind Turbine Performance Character- istics Raymond Hunter RES Task coordinator Troels Friis assessment and wind turbine power performance testing. A standards maintenance team is revising the current
innovati nWind Turbine Design Innovations Drive Industry Transformation
innovati nWind Turbine Design Innovations Drive Industry Transformation For more than 20 years. Tackling Turbine Blade Inefficiencies In 1984, NREL researchers began investigating problems with wind turbine blade designs. Inefficiency was a significant barrier to lowering the cost of wind energy
Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades
Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades Mads Døssing Risø-R-1621(EN) Risø Title: Vortex Lattice Modelling of Winglets on Wind Turbine Blades Departments: Wind Energy Department turbines can be increased by the use of winglets without increasing the swept area. This makes them
SOUND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FOR THE GAMESA WIND TURBINE UD - LEWES, DELAWARE January 2011 ` #12;SOUND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FOR THE GAMESA WIND TURBINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE LEWES, DELAWARE A Gamesa G90 2.0-MW wind turbine operates at the University of Delaware (UD), Lewes campus on a parcel
IMPLEMENTATION OF WIND TURBINE CONTROLLERS W.E.Leithead
IMPLEMENTATION OF WIND TURBINE CONTROLLERS D.J.Leith W.E.Leithead Department of Electronic-speed wind turbines are considered, namely, (1) accommodation of the strongly nonlinear rotor aerodynamics derived and extended to cater for all wind turbine configurations. A rigorous stability analysis
Duffy, Ken
ACOUSTIC STUDY OF THE UD / GAMESA WIND TURBINE PROJECT LEWES, DELAWARE January 2009 #12;ACOUSTIC STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE / GAMESA WIND TURBINE PROJECT LEWES, DELAWARE Prepared for SUMMARY The University of Delaware (UD), Lewes proposes to locate a Gamesa G90 2.0MW wind turbine
Mechanisms of amplitude modulation in wind turbine , A. J. Bullmoreb
Mechanisms of amplitude modulation in wind turbine noise M. Smitha , A. J. Bullmoreb , M. M. Candb produced by wind turbines is inherently time varying. This amplitude modulation is normally due The environmental noise impact of wind turbine generators has to be assessed when planning new installations
Dynamics and Fatigue Damage of Wind Turbine Rotors
6 3 RiS0-Rr512 Dynamics and Fatigue Damage of Wind Turbine Rotors during Steady Operation Peter OF WIND TURBINE ROTORS DURING STEADY OPERATION Peter Hauge Madsen, Sten Frandsen, William E. Holley-carrying capacity of a wind turbine rotor with respect to short-term strength and material fatigue are presented
Fast Verification of Wind Turbine Power Summary of Project Results
Fast Verification of Wind Turbine Power Curves: Summary of Project Results by: Cameron Brown s equation on high frequency wind turbine measurement data sampled at one sample per second or more. The aim's Nordtank wind turbine at the Risø site, the practical application of this new method was tested
Designing Micro Wind Turbines for Portable Power Generation Francois Hogan
to the design of a wind turbine rotor. Number of blades The number of blades does not have a significant impact on the efficiency of a wind turbine. We have chosen a two blade design because of ease of fabrication in order) (2) � This two blade micro wind turbine meets the optimal specifications to ensure good efficiency
Barthelat, Francois
AIAA980057 RELATING TURBULENCE TO WIND TURBINE BLADE LOADS: PARAMETRIC STUDY WITH MULTIPLE that is most useful in estimating fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. The histograms of rainflow counted turbulence measures---can be used to estimate fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. We first de scribe
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry Peter Bj�rn Andersen, Mac Loads, Trailing Edge Flaps, PID control, Signal Noise. 1 Introduction Wind turbine blades are subject to 40% when signal noise is added to the control. Keywords: Wind Turbine, Load Alleviation, Fatigue
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades Modal analysis is the process the modes constitute a complete dynamic description of the wind turbine blade. The modes of vibration represent the inherent dynamic properties of the wind turbine blade. The range of applications for modal
Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade
Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade Find M�lholt Jensen Ris�-PhD-34(EN) ISBN 978 2008 #12;#12;Author: Find M�lholt Jensen Title: Ultimate strength of a large wind turbine blade contains a study of the structural static strength of wind turbine blades loaded in flap-wise direction
Low frequency noise from MW wind turbines --mechanisms of generation
Low frequency noise from MW wind turbines -- mechanisms of generation and its modeling Helge MW wind turbines -- mechanisms of generation and its modeling Department: Department of Wind Energy turbine has been simulated with a noise prediction model from NASA in US. Running the model
2/16/2014 Can You Charge Your Mobile With Wind Turbine? -TechTxr http://www.techtxr.com/can-charge-mobile-wind-turbine/ 1/7
maximum functionality. Home Wind Generators comparestores.net Looking for Wind Turbines? Compare Latest Turbine? | February 9, 2014 Wind Energy Wind Mill Wind Power Wind Mobile About Wind Power Wind Generator Mobile Generator Mobile Building #12;2/16/2014 Can You Charge Your Mobile With Wind Turbine
Chiao, Jung-Chih
Operational-Condition-Independent Criteria Dedicated to Monitoring Wind Turbine Generators: Preprint
To date the existing wind turbine condition monitoring technologies and commercially available systems have not been fully accepted for improving wind turbine availability and reducing their operation and maintenance costs. One of the main reasons is that wind turbines are subject to constantly varying loads and operate at variable rotational speeds. As a consequence, the influences of turbine faults and the effects of varying load and speed are coupled together in wind turbine condition monitoring signals. So, there is an urgent need to either introduce some operational condition de-coupling procedures into the current wind turbine condition monitoring techniques or develop a new operational condition independent wind turbine condition monitoring technique to maintain high turbine availability and achieve the expected economic benefits from wind. The purpose of this paper is to develop such a technique. In the paper, three operational condition independent criteria are developed dedicated for monitoring the operation and health condition of wind turbine generators. All proposed criteria have been tested through both simulated and practical experiments. The experiments have shown that these criteria provide a solution for detecting both mechanical and electrical faults occurring in wind turbine generators.
Yang, W.; Sheng, S.; Court, R.
Candidate wind turbine generator site: annual data summary, January 1981-December 1981
Summarized hourly meteorological data for 34 candidate and wind turbine generator sites for calendar year 1981 are presented. These data are collected for the purpose of evaluating the wind energy potential at these sites and are used to assist in selection of potential sites for installation and testing of large wind turbines in electric utility systems. For each site, wind speed, direction, and distribution data are given in eight tables. Use of information from these tables, with information about specific wind turbines, should allow the user to estimate the potential for wind energy production at each site.
Sandusky, W.F.; Buck, J.W.; Renne, D.S.; Hadley, D.L.; Abbey, O.B.
1 WIND TURBINE SITING IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE HULL, MA 660 KW TURBINE J. F. Manwell, J. G. Mc turbine at Windmill Point in Hull, Massachusetts represents a high point in the long history of wind, through the installation of a 40 kW Enertech machine in the 1980's to the installation of the new turbine
Yaw dynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines
Designers of a horizontal axis wind turbine yaw mechanism are faced with a difficult decision. They know that if they elect to use a yaw- controlled rotor then the system will suffer increased initial cost and increased inherent maintenance and reliability problems. On the other hand, if they elect to allow the rotor to freely yaw they known they will have to account for unknown and random, though bounded, yaw rates. They will have a higher-risk design to trade-off against the potential for cost savings and reliability improvement. The risk of a yaw-free system could be minimized if methods were available for analyzing and understanding yaw behavior. The complexity of yaw behavior has, until recently, discouraged engineers from developing a complete yaw analysis method. The objectives of this work are to (1) provide a fundamental understanding of free-yaw mechanics and the design concepts most effective at eliminating yaw problems, and (2) provide tested design tools and guidelines for use by free-yaw wind systems manufacturers. The emphasis is on developing practical and sufficiently accurate design methods.
Hansen, A.C. (Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States))
Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap
Although only a small contributor to total electricity production needs, built-environment wind turbines (BWTs) nonetheless have the potential to influence the public's consideration of renewable energy, and wind energy in particular. Higher population concentrations in urban environments offer greater opportunities for project visibility and an opportunity to acquaint large numbers of people to the advantages of wind projects on a larger scale. However, turbine failures will be equally visible and could have a negative effect on public perception of wind technology. This roadmap provides a framework for achieving the vision set forth by the attendees of the Built-Environment Wind Turbine Workshop on August 11 - 12, 2010, at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The BWT roadmap outlines the stakeholder actions that could be taken to overcome the barriers identified. The actions are categorized as near-term (0 - 3 years), medium-term (4 - 7 years), and both near- and medium-term (requiring immediate to medium-term effort). To accomplish these actions, a strategic approach was developed that identifies two focus areas: understanding the built-environment wind resource and developing testing and design standards. The authors summarize the expertise and resources required in these areas.
Smith, J.; Forsyth, T.; Sinclair, K.; Oteri, F.
Wooden wind turbine blade manufacturing process
A wooden wind turbine blade is formed by laminating wood veneer in a compression mold having the exact curvature needed for one side of the blade, following which the other side of the blade is ground flat along its length but twisted with respect to the blade axis.
Coleman, Clint (Warren, VT)
Root region airfoil for wind turbine
A thick airfoil for the root region of the blade of a wind turbine. The airfoil has a thickness in a range from 24%-26% and a Reynolds number in a range from 1,000,000 to 1,800,000. The airfoil has a maximum lift coefficient of 1.4-1.6 that has minimum sensitivity to roughness effects.
Redesign of a wind turbine hub
The current designs of wind turbine hubs contain many faults. The slew ring bearing that connects the blade to the hub takes on a large bending moment that in many cases causes the joints to fail and the blade to break ...
Hunter-Jones, Bridget I
Wind Turbine Tribology Seminar - A Recap
Tribology is the science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication, and wear. It is an important phenomenon that not only impacts the design and operation of wind turbine gearboxes, but also their subsequent maintenance requirements and overall reliability. With the major growth and increasing dependency on renewable energy, mechanical reliability is an extremely important issue. The Wind Turbine Tribology Seminar was convened to explore the state-of-the-art in wind turbine tribology and lubricant technologies, raise industry awareness of a very complex topic, present the science behind each technology, and identify possible R&D areas. To understand the background of work that had already been accomplished, and to consolidate some level of collective understanding of tribology by acknowledged experts, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) hosted a wind turbine tribology seminar. It was held at the Renaissance Boulder Flatiron Hotel in Broomfield, Colorado on November 15-17, 2011. This report is a summary of the content and conclusions. The presentations given at the meeting can be downloaded. Interested readers who were not at the meeting may wish to consult the detailed publications listed in the bibliography section, obtain the cited articles in the public domain, or contact the authors directly.
Errichello, R.; Sheng, S.; Keller, J.; Greco, A.
AWEA Small Wind Turbine Global Market Study
Displaced Carbon Dioxide 17 Building-Mounted Turbines 17 Manufacturing 18 The Global Market 21 Solar Summary Table 1 #12;4 | AMERICAn WInD EnERGy ASSOCIATIOn Based on a 2010 AWEA survey of manufacturers and standardized interconnection regulations, and the appropriation and allocation of federal research
Wind/Wave Misalignment in the Loads Analysis of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine: Preprint
Wind resources far from the shore and in deeper seas have encouraged the offshore wind industry to look into floating platforms. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is developing a new technical specification for the design of floating offshore wind turbines that extends existing design standards for land-based and fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines. The work summarized in this paper supports the development of best practices and simulation requirements in the loads analysis of floating offshore wind turbines by examining the impact of wind/wave misalignment on the system loads under normal operation. Simulations of the OC3-Hywind floating offshore wind turbine system under a wide range of wind speeds, significant wave heights, peak-spectral periods and wind/wave misalignments have been carried out with the aero-servo-hydro-elastic tool FAST [4]. The extreme and fatigue loads have been calculated for all the simulations. The extreme and fatigue loading as a function of wind/wave misalignment have been represented as load roses and a directional binning sensitivity study has been carried out. This study focused on identifying the number and type of wind/wave misalignment simulations needed to accurately capture the extreme and fatigue loads of the system in all possible metocean conditions considered, and for a down-selected set identified as the generic US East Coast site. For this axisymmetric platform, perpendicular wind and waves play an important role in the support structure and including these cases in the design loads analysis can improve the estimation of extreme and fatigue loads. However, most structural locations see their highest extreme and fatigue loads with aligned wind and waves. These results are specific to the spar type platform, but it is expected that the results presented here will be similar to other floating platforms.
Barj, L.; Stewart, S.; Stewart, G.; Lackner, M.; Jonkman, J.; Robertson, A.
Power Electronics and Controls for Wind Turbine F. Blaabjerg, F. Iov, Z. Chen, K. Ma
was in the beginning based on a squirrel-cage induction generator connected directly to the grid. Power pulsations technologies used in wind turbine systems. I. INTRODUCTION In classical power systems, large power generation such as wind turbines, wave generators, photovoltaic (PV) generators, small hydro, fuel cells and gas
Chen, Zhe
Fixed-Speed and Variable-Slip Wind Turbines Providing Spinning Reserves to the Grid: Preprint
As the level of wind penetration increases, wind turbine technology must move from merely generating power from wind to taking a role in supporting the bulk power system. Wind turbines should have the capability to provide inertial response and primary frequency (governor) response so they can support the frequency stability of the grid. To provide governor response, wind turbines should be able to generate less power than the available wind power and hold the rest in reserve, ready to be accessed as needed. This paper explores several ways to control wind turbine output to enable reserve-holding capability. This paper focuses on fixed-speed (also known as Type 1) and variable-slip (also known as Type 2) turbines.
Muljadi, E.; Singh, M.; Gevorgian, V.
Sandia National Laboratories: Wind Turbine Blade Design
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia, NREL Release Wave EnergyLinks WaterWindSandia WindWind Turbine
Duration Test Report for the Viryd CS8 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a duration noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the Viryd CS8 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with Clause 9.4 of the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind turbines - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed. 2.0:2006-03. NREL researchers evaluated the turbine based on structural integrity and material degradation, quality of environmental protection, and dynamic behavior.
Roadman, J.; Murphy, M.; van Dam, J.
1 WIND-TUNNEL STUDY ON AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SMALL VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINES J. J. Miau*1 were carried out to study the aerodynamic performance of three vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs. On the other hand, the characteristics of unsteady flow around the helical wind turbine were studied with a hot
Response of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine to Time Varying Wind Conditions found within the Urban
Response of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine to Time Varying Wind Conditions found within the Urban, 2010 PP 389401 389 ABSTRACT Experimental testing of a vertical axis wind turbine within the urban of the turbine. Temporal variation of the wind with respect to the direction and velocity fluctuations
Tullis, Stephen
Effects of Changing Atmospheric Conditions on Wind Turbine Performance (Poster)
Multi-megawatt, utility-scale wind turbines operate in turbulent and dynamic winds that impact turbine performance in ways that are gradually becoming better understood. This poster presents a study made using a turbulent flow field simulator (TurbSim) and a Turbine aeroelastic simulator (FAST) of the response of a generic 1.5 MW wind turbine to changing inflow. The turbine power output is found to be most sensitive to wind speed and turbulence intensity, but the relationship depends on the wind speed with respect to the turbine's rated wind speed. Shear is found to be poorly correlated to power. A machine learning method called 'regression trees' is used to create a simple model of turbine performance that could be used as part of the wind resource assessment process. This study has used simple flow fields and should be extended to more complex flows, and validated with field observations.
Clifton, A.
Operating Modes of a Teeter-Rotor Wind Turbine
We examine the operating modes of a two-bladed teetered wind turbine. Because of the gyroscopic asymmetry of its rotor, this turbine's dynamics can be quite distinct from those of a turbine with three or more blades. This asymmetry leads to system equations with periodic coefficients that are solved using the Floquet approach to extract the correct modal parameters. The system equations are derived using a simple analytical model with four degrees of freedom: cacelle yaw, rotor teeter, and flapping associated with each blade. Results confirm that the turbine modes become more dominated by the centrifugal and gyroscopic effects as the rotor speed increases. They gyroscopic effect may also cause dynamic instability. Under certain design conditions, yaw and teeter modal frequencies may coalesce.
Bir, G. S. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory); Stol, K. (University of Colorado at Boulder)
Energy harvesting to power sensing hardware onboard wind turbine blade
Wind turbines are becoming a larger source of renewable energy in the United States. However, most of the designs are geared toward the weather conditions seen in Europe. Also, in the United States, manufacturers have been increasing the length of the turbine blades, often made of composite materials, to maximize power output. As a result of the more severe loading conditions in the United States and the material level flaws in composite structures, blade failure has been a more common occurrence in the U.S. than in Europe. Therefore, it is imperative that a structural health monitoring system be incorporated into the design of the wind turbines in order to monitor flaws before they lead to a catastrophic failure. Due to the rotation of the turbine and issues related to lightning strikes, the best way to implement a structural health monitoring system would be to use a network of wireless sensor nodes. In order to provide power to these sensor nodes, piezoelectric, thermoelectric and photovoltaic energy harvesting techniques are examined on a cross section of a CX-100 wind turbine blade in order to determine the feasibility of powering individual nodes that would compose the sensor network.
Carlson, Clinton P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Schichting, Alexander D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Quellette, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Faringolt, Kevin M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Assessment of research needs for wind turbine rotor materials technology
Wind-driven power systems is a renewable energy technology that is still in the early stages of development. Wind power plants installed in early 1980s suffered structural failures chiefly because of incomplete understanding of wind forces (turbulent), in some cases because of poor product quality. Failures of rotor blades are now somewhat better understood. This committee has examined the experience base accumulated by wind turbines and the R and D programs sponsored by DOE. It is concluded that a wind energy system such as is described is within the capability of engineering practice; however because of certain gaps in knowledge, and the presence of only one major integrated manufacturer of wind power machines in the USA, a DOE R and D investment is still required.
Probabilistic fatigue methodology and wind turbine reliability
Wind turbines subjected to highly irregular loadings due to wind, gravity, and gyroscopic effects are especially vulnerable to fatigue damage. The objective of this study is to develop and illustrate methods for the probabilistic analysis and design of fatigue-sensitive wind turbine components. A computer program (CYCLES) that estimates fatigue reliability of structural and mechanical components has been developed. A FORM/SORM analysis is used to compute failure probabilities and importance factors of the random variables. The limit state equation includes uncertainty in environmental loading, gross structural response, and local fatigue properties. Several techniques are shown to better study fatigue loads data. Common one-parameter models, such as the Rayleigh and exponential models are shown to produce dramatically different estimates of load distributions and fatigue damage. Improved fits may be achieved with the two-parameter Weibull model. High b values require better modeling of relatively large stress ranges; this is effectively done by matching at least two moments (Weibull) and better by matching still higher moments. For this purpose, a new, four-moment {open_quotes}generalized Weibull{close_quotes} model is introduced. Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methodology for design against fatigue is proposed and demonstrated using data from two horizontal-axis wind turbines. To estimate fatigue damage, wind turbine blade loads have been represented by their first three statistical moments across a range of wind conditions. Based on the moments {mu}{sub 1}{hor_ellipsis}{mu}{sub 3}, new {open_quotes}quadratic Weibull{close_quotes} load distribution models are introduced. The fatigue reliability is found to be notably affected by the choice of load distribution model.
Lange, C.H. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Low Wind Speed Turbine Developments in Convoloid Gearing: Final Technical Report, June 2005 - October 2008
This report presents the results of a study conducted by Genesis Partners LP as part of the United States Department of Energy Wind Energy Research Program to develop wind technology that will enable wind systems to compete in regions having low wind speeds. The purpose of the program is to reduce the cost of electricity from large wind systems in areas having Class 4 winds to 3 cents per kWh for onshore systems or 5 cents per kWh for offshore systems. This work builds upon previous activities under the WindPACT project, the Next Generation Turbine project, and Phase I of the Low Wind Speed Turbine (LWST) project. This project is concerned with the development of more cost-effective gearing for speed increasers for wind turbines.
Genesis Partners LP
A wind turbine (100) comprising an electrical generator (108) that includes a rotor assembly (112). A wind rotor (104) that includes a wind rotor hub (124) is directly coupled to the rotor assembly via a simplified connection. The wind rotor and generator rotor assembly are rotatably mounted on a central spindle (160) via a bearing assembly (180). The wind rotor hub includes an opening (244) having a diameter larger than the outside diameter of the central spindle adjacent the bearing assembly so as to allow access to the bearing assembly from a cavity (380) inside the wind rotor hub. The spindle is attached to a turret (140) supported by a tower (136). Each of the spindle, turret and tower has an interior cavity (172, 176, 368) that permits personnel to traverse therethrough to the cavity of the wind rotor hub. The wind turbine further includes a frictional braking system (276) for slowing, stopping or keeping stopped the rotation of the wind rotor and rotor assembly.
Innovation and the price of wind energy in the US. � Energythe impact of energy price changes on wind turbine prices.Costs 3.6 Energy Prices Life-cycle analyses of wind projects
NREL Releases RFP for Distributed Wind Turbine Competitiveness Improvement Projects
In support of DOE's efforts to further develop distributed wind technology, NREL's National Wind Technology Center has released a Request for Proposal for the following Distributed Wind Turbine Competitiveness Improvement Projects on the Federal Business
Understanding Wind Turbine Price Trends in the U.S. Over the Past Decade
consequent impacts on wind turbine and wind energy pricing.Bloomberg NEF�). 2011c. Wind Turbine Price Index, Issue V.Understanding Trends in Wind Turbine Prices Over the Past
impacts on wind turbine and wind energy pricing. ReferencesProduction from a V112 Turbine Wind Plant. Prepared forBloomberg NEF�). 2011c. Wind Turbine Price Index, Issue V.
Wind Turbine Drivetrain Condition Monitoring During GRC Phase 1 and Phase 2 Testing
This report will present the wind turbine drivetrain condition monitoring (CM) research conducted under the phase 1 and phase 2 Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) tests. The rationale and approach for this drivetrain CM research, investigated CM systems, test configuration and results, and a discussion on challenges in wind turbine drivetrain CM and future research and development areas, will be presented.
Sheng, S.; Link, H.; LaCava, W.; van Dam, J.; McNiff, B.; Veers, P.; Keller, J.; Butterfield, S.; Oyague, F.
Danehy Park Wind Turbine Project Preliminary Assessment Report
Danehy Park Wind Turbine Project Preliminary Assessment Report Danehy Park Project Group Wind turbine. Katherine Dykes and Sungho Lee for their leadership, guidance, and feedback. #12;1 Introduction sensors were mounted is marked with a yellow star. #12;2 Turbine Evaluation Set This report evaluates
Ris R1024EN Design of the Wind Turbine
Ris R1024EN Design of the Wind Turbine Airfoil Family RIS AXX Kristian S. Dahl, Peter Fuglsang Ris National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark December 1998 #12;Abstract A method for design of wind turbine turbine. The airfoils are designed to have maximum lift-drag ratio until just below stall, a design lift
Design Loads for Wind Turbines using the Environmental Contour Method
Design Loads for Wind Turbines using the Environmental Contour Method Korn Saranyasoontorn, TX 78712 When interest is in establishing ultimate design loads for wind turbines such that a service). The parametric conditional load distri- butions require extensive turbine response simulations over the entire
Investigation of aerodynamic braking devices for wind turbine applications
This report documents the selection and preliminary design of a new aerodynamic braking system for use on the stall-regulated AWT-26/27 wind turbines. The goal was to identify and design a configuration that offered improvements over the existing tip brake used by Advanced Wind Turbines, Inc. (AWT). Although the design objectives and approach of this report are specific to aerodynamic braking of AWT-26/27 turbines, many of the issues addressed in this work are applicable to a wider class of turbines. The performance trends and design choices presented in this report should be of general use to wind turbine designers who are considering alternative aerodynamic braking methods. A literature search was combined with preliminary work on device sizing, loads and mechanical design. Candidate configurations were assessed on their potential for benefits in the areas of cost, weight, aerodynamic noise, reliability and performance under icing conditions. As a result, two configurations were identified for further study: the {open_quotes}spoiler-flap{close_quotes} and the {open_quotes}flip-tip.{close_quotes} Wind tunnel experiments were conducted at Wichita State University to evaluate the performance of the candidate aerodynamic brakes on an airfoil section representative of the AWT-26/27 blades. The wind tunnel data were used to predict the braking effectiveness and deployment characteristics of the candidate devices for a wide range of design parameters. The evaluation was iterative, with mechanical design and structural analysis being conducted in parallel with the braking performance studies. The preliminary estimate of the spoiler-flap system cost was $150 less than the production AWT-26/27 tip vanes. This represents a reduction of approximately 5 % in the cost of the aerodynamic braking system. In view of the preliminary nature of the design, it would be prudent to plan for contingencies in both cost and weight.
Griffin, D.A. [R. Lynette & Associates, Seattle, WA (United States)
Plasma Aerodynamic Control Effectors for Improved Wind Turbine Performance
Orbital Research Inc is developing an innovative Plasma Aerodynamic Control Effectors (PACE) technology for improved performance of wind turbines. The PACE system is aimed towards the design of "smart" rotor blades to enhance energy capture and reduce aerodynamic loading and noise using flow-control. The PACE system will provide ability to change aerodynamic loads and pitch distribution across the wind turbine blade without any moving surfaces. Additional benefits of the PACE system include reduced blade structure weight and complexity that should translate into a substantially reduced initial cost. During the Phase I program, the ORI-UND Team demonstrated (proof-of-concept) performance improvements on select rotor blade designs using PACE concepts. Control of both 2-D and 3-D flows were demonstrated. An analytical study was conducted to estimate control requirements for the PACE system to maintain control during wind gusts. Finally, independent laboratory experiments were conducted to identify promising dielectric materials for the plasma actuator, and to examine environmental effects (water and dust) on the plasma actuator operation. The proposed PACE system will be capable of capturing additional energy, and reducing aerodynamic loading and noise on wind turbines. Supplementary benefits from the PACE system include reduced blade structure weight and complexity that translates into reduced initial capital costs.
Mehul P. Patel; Srikanth Vasudevan; Robert C. Nelson; Thomas C. Corke
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Turbine Development
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the Contributions andData andFleet Test andField VerificationPossibleResearchSmall Wind
Low-Maintenance Wind Power System
Improved Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Aerodynamic ControlDarrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines and Aerodynamic Control
Rasson, Joseph E
Wind shear for large wind turbine generators at selected tall tower sites
The objective of the study described in this report is to examine the nature of wind shear profiles and their variability over the height of large horizontal-axis wind turbines and to provide information on wind shear relevant to the design and opertion of large wind turbines. Wind turbine fatigue life and power quality are related through the forcing functions on the blade to the shapes of the wind shear profiles and their fluctuations over the disk of rotation.
Elliott, D.L.
Wind Scanner: A full-scale Laser Facility for Wind and Turbulence Measurements around large Wind Turbines
measurements of the wind fields engulfing today's huge wind turbines. Our aim is to measure in real- time 3D velocity field, ,within the volumes that fully surround the huge wind turbines of today and tomorrow atmospheric flow that surrounds the giant wind turbines. This new knowledge we envision will accelerate
66 APRIL | 2010 The FuTure oF Wind Turbine
66 APRIL | 2010 The FuTure oF Wind Turbine diagnosTics Wind energy is undergoing expansion in the form of large-scale wind farms, wind energy cooperatives, wind turbines owned by indi- vidual investors of wind turbines, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs remain high due to failures of wind turbine
Wear Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox Bearings
The objective of this effort was to investigate and characterize the nature of surface damage and wear to wind turbine gearbox bearings returned from service in the field. Bearings were supplied for examination by S. Butterfield and J. Johnson of the National Wind Technology Center (NREL), Boulder, Colorado. Studies consisted of visual examination, optical and electron microscopy, dimensional measurements of wear-induced macro-scale and micro-scale features, measurements of macro- and micro-scale hardness, 3D imaging of surface damage, studies of elemental distributions on fracture surfaces, and examinations of polished cross-sections of surfaces under various etched and non-etched conditions.
Blau, Peter Julian [ORNL; Walker, Larry R [ORNL; Xu, Hanbing [ORNL; Parten, Randy J [ORNL; Qu, Jun [ORNL; Geer, Tom [ORNL
Pioneer Asia Wind Turbines | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende New Energy CoFirstNovosPatriot Wind IncAsia Wind Turbines
A thick airfoil is described for the root region of the blade of a wind turbine. The airfoil has a thickness in a range from 24%--26% and a Reynolds number in a range from 1,000,000 to 1,800,000. The airfoil has a maximum lift coefficient of 1.4--1.6 that has minimum sensitivity to roughness effects. 3 Figs.
Integrated Dynamic Analysis of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Bjrn Skaare*, Tor David Hanson*, Finn Gunnar Nielsen*, Rune Yttervik*, Anders Melchior Hansen**,
Integrated Dynamic Analysis of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Bjørn Skaare*, Tor David Hanson of floating wind turbines exposed to forces from wind, waves and current has been developed for Hydro Oil & Energy's floating wind turbine concept, HYWIND. Two existing, independent, computer program systems
Abstract--This paper proposes a methodology to decide the optimal matching between the size of the rotor of a wind turbine
of the rotor of a wind turbine and the rated power of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This is made of the wind turbine, the gearbox's transformation ratio, the battery voltage and the wind speed probability's rated power and the wind turbine's rotor size. The system studied in this paper consists of 220 (V)/50
DOE Seeking Proposals to Advance Distributed Wind Turbine Technology...
Project (CIP). The CIP aims to help U.S. manufacturers of small and mid-sized wind turbines with rotor swept areas up to 1,000 square meters improve their turbine designs and...
Structural Monitoring of Wind Turbines using Wireless Sensor Networks
on traditional fossil fuel technologies. Conditional monitoring of wind turbines can help to avert unplanned). Technological improvements (e.g. larger, more powerful generation turbines) and federal tax subsidies have
Voltage grid support of DFIG wind turbines during grid faults Anca D. Hansen1
Voltage grid support of DFIG wind turbines during grid faults Anca D. Hansen1 , Gabriele Michalke2) wind turbines address primarily the design of DFIG wind turbine control with special focus on power strategy for DFIG wind turbines, which enhances the fault ride-through capability of DFIG wind turbines
Wind farm electrical system
An approach to wind farm design using variable speed wind turbines with low pulse number electrical output. The output of multiple wind turbines are aggregated to create a high pulse number electrical output at a point of common coupling with a utility grid network. Power quality at each individual wind turbine falls short of utility standards, but the aggregated output at the point of common coupling is within acceptable tolerances for utility power quality. The approach for aggregating low pulse number electrical output from multiple wind turbines relies upon a pad mounted transformer at each wind turbine that performs phase multiplication on the output of each wind turbine. Phase multiplication converts a modified square wave from the wind turbine into a 6 pulse output. Phase shifting of the 6 pulse output from each wind turbine allows the aggregated output of multiple wind turbines to be a 24 pulse approximation of a sine wave. Additional filtering and VAR control is embedded within the wind farm to take advantage of the wind farm's electrical impedence characteristics to further enhance power quality at the point of common coupling.
Erdman, William L.; Lettenmaier, Terry M.
Impact of Distribution-Connected Large-Scale Wind Turbines on Transmission System Stability during Large Disturbances: Preprint
This work examines the dynamic impacts of distributed utility-scale wind power during contingency events on both the distribution system and the transmission system. It is the first step toward investigating high penetrations of distribution-connected wind power's impact on both distribution and transmission stability.
Zhang, Y.; Allen, A.; Hodge, B. M.
Siting guidelines for utility application of wind turbines. Final report
Utility-oriented guidelines are described for identifying viable sites for wind turbines. Topics and procedures are also discussed that are important in carrying out a wind turbine siting program. These topics include: a description of the Department of Energy wind resource atlases; procedures for predicting wind turbine performance at potential sites; methods for analyzing wind turbine economics; procedures for estimating installation and maintenance costs; methods for anlayzing the distribution of wind resources over an area; and instrumentation for documenting wind behavior at potential sites. The procedure described is applicable to small and large utilities. Although the procedure was developed as a site-selection tool, it can also be used by a utility who wishes to estimate the potential for wind turbine penetration into its future generation mix.
Pennell, W.T.
Offshore Series Wind Turbine Variable Hub heights & rotor diameters
3.6MW Offshore Series Wind Turbine GE Energy #12;Feature Variable Hub heights & rotor diameters-savings feature, considering the rigors of offshore power generation. The 3.6 MW offshore wind turbine also, for both on and offshore use. Special features include... As the world's first commercially available wind
Trailing Edge Noise Model Applied to Wind Turbine Airfoils
flows, as well as the acoustic waves, using Computational Fluid Dynamics have become affordable thanksTrailing Edge Noise Model Applied to Wind Turbine Airfoils Franck Bertagnolio Risø-R-1633(EN) Risø Bertagnolio Title: Trailing Edge Noise Model Applied to Wind Turbine Airfoils Department: Wind Energy
Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Controllers for Grid Frequency Stabilisation
Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Controllers for Grid Frequency Stabilisation Clemens Jauch Risø National Laboratory Wind Energy Department P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: In this paper it is investigated how active-stall wind turbines can contribute to the stabilisation of the power
Extreme Loads for an Offshore Wind Turbine using Statistical
Extreme Loads for an Offshore Wind Turbine using Statistical Extrapolation from Limited Field Data,itiscommontoeithercarry out extensive simulation studies or undertake a field measurement campaign. At the Blyth offshore wind here is to estimate extreme loads for an offshore wind turbine for which the environmental and load
. INTRODUCTION Design constraints for wind turbine structures fall into either extreme load or fatigue categoriesAIAA-2001-0047 1 PARAMETRIC MODELS FOR ESTIMATING WIND TURBINE FATIGUE LOADS FOR DESIGN Lance at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 2 Sandia National Laboratories, Wind Energy Technology Department, Albuquerque
loads. #12;2 INTRODUCTION Design constraints for wind turbine structures fall into either extreme load1 PARAMETRIC MODELS FOR ESTIMATING WIND TURBINE FATIGUE LOADS FOR DESIGN Lance Manuel1 Paul S, TX 78712 2 Sandia National Laboratories, Wind Energy Technology Department, Albuquerque, NM 87185
Radar-cross-section reduction of wind turbines. part 1.
In recent years, increasing deployment of large wind-turbine farms has become an issue of growing concern for the radar community. The large radar cross section (RCS) presented by wind turbines interferes with radar operation, and the Doppler shift caused by blade rotation causes problems identifying and tracking moving targets. Each new wind-turbine farm installation must be carefully evaluated for potential disruption of radar operation for air defense, air traffic control, weather sensing, and other applications. Several approaches currently exist to minimize conflict between wind-turbine farms and radar installations, including procedural adjustments, radar upgrades, and proper choice of low-impact wind-farm sites, but each has problems with limited effectiveness or prohibitive cost. An alternative approach, heretofore not technically feasible, is to reduce the RCS of wind turbines to the extent that they can be installed near existing radar installations. This report summarizes efforts to reduce wind-turbine RCS, with a particular emphasis on the blades. The report begins with a survey of the wind-turbine RCS-reduction literature to establish a baseline for comparison. The following topics are then addressed: electromagnetic model development and validation, novel material development, integration into wind-turbine fabrication processes, integrated-absorber design, and wind-turbine RCS modeling. Related topics of interest, including alternative mitigation techniques (procedural, at-the-radar, etc.), an introduction to RCS and electromagnetic scattering, and RCS-reduction modeling techniques, can be found in a previous report.
Brock, Billy C.; Loui, Hung; McDonald, Jacob J.; Paquette, Joshua A.; Calkins, David A.; Miller, William K.; Allen, Steven E.; Clem, Paul Gilbert; Patitz, Ward E.
Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems
The purpose of this work is to develop a maximum power tracking control strategy for variable speed wind turbine systems. Modern wind turbine control systems are slow, and they depend on the design parameters of the turbine and use wind and/or rotor...
Mena Lopez, Hugo Eduardo
Mena, Hugo Eduardo
Wind turbine | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place:ReferenceEdit JumpWill County, Illinois:4 SectorWind forturbine:
Improved Wind Turbine Drivetrain Reliability using a Combined Experimental, Computational, and Analytical Approach (Presentation) Citation Details In-Document Search Title:...
NREL: News - NREL Study: Active Power Control of Wind Turbines...
414 NREL Study: Active Power Control of Wind Turbines Can Improve Power Grid Reliability January 20, 2014 The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), along...
WINDExchange Webinar: Small and Distributed Wind Turbine Update
Save the date for this free webinar presenting an overview of recent news and updates pertaining to small and distributed wind turbines.
WINDExchange Webinar: Small and Distributed Wind Turbine Update...
an overview of recent news and updates pertaining to small and distributed wind turbines. Bret Barker, U.S. Department of Energy, will present a DOE program overview,...
the tests and 2) summaries of three field tests designed to measure the impact of wind turbines on current air surveillance radars and the effectiveness of private sector...
Wind Turbine Inspection Technology Reaches New Heights | GE Global...
week, we announced our advancement in technology that will make the inspection of wind turbines faster and more reliable for our customers. Currently, an inspector examines the...
Improved Wind Turbine Drivetrain Reliability using a Combined...
IMPROVED WIND TURBINE DRIVETRAIN RELIABILITY USING A COMBINED EXPERIMENTAL, COMPUTATIONAL, AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH Yi Guo 1,* , Roger Bergua 2 , Jeroen van Dam 1 , Jordi Jove 2 ,...
Lessons Learned: Milwaukee�s Wind Turbine Project
City of Milwaukee: Wind Turbine Project Matt Howard, Environmental Sustainability Director Project Best Practices * Transparency and information * Find the most appropriate site -...
Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount Wind Turbine...
Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount Wind Turbine Simulations by Truescape Visual Reality, DOEEA-1791 (May 2010) Barr Engineering Statement of Methodology Rosemount...
Titan Propels GE Wind Turbine Research into New Territory | ornl...
corporation that runs the gamut of industrial, energy, aviation, and consumer products-wind turbines represent a lot of potential in a market that could attract almost 100...
Wind Turbine Pitch Optimization Benjamin Biegel Morten Juelsgaard Matt Kraning Stephen Boyd Jakob Stoustrup
Wind Turbine Pitch Optimization Benjamin Biegel Morten Juelsgaard Matt Kraning Stephen Boyd Jakob-controlled wind tur- bine. When placed in a wind field, the turbine experiences several mechanical loads, which measurements, with no knowledge of the wind field or wind turbine model. I. INTRODUCTION Wind turbines
Baseline Design of a Hurricane-Resilient Wind Turbine (Poster)
Under U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored research FOA 415, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory led a team of research groups to produce a complete design of a large wind turbine system to be deployable in the western Gulf of Mexico region. As such, the turbine and its support structure would be subjected to hurricane-loading conditions. Among the goals of this research was the exploration of advanced and innovative configurations that would help decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the design, and the expansion of the basic IEC design load cases (DLCs) to include hurricane environmental conditions. The wind turbine chosen was a three-bladed, downwind, direct-drive, 10-MW rated machine. The rotor blade was optimized based on an IEC load suite analysis. The drivetrain and nacelle components were scaled up from a smaller sized turbine using industry best practices. The tubular steel tower was sized using ultimate load values derived from the rotor optimization analysis. The substructure is an innovative battered and raked jacket structure. The innovative turbine has also been modeled within an aero-servo-hydro-elastic tool, and future papers will discuss results of the dynamic response analysis for select DLCs. Although multiple design iterations could not be performed because of limited resources in this study, and are left to future research, the obtained data will offer a good indication of the expected LCOE for large offshore wind turbines to be deployed in subtropical U.S. waters, and the impact design innovations can have on this value.
Damiani, R.; Robertson, A.; Schreck, S.; Maples, B.; Anderson, M.; Finucane, Z.; Raina, A.
IntroductionIntroduction The use of small scale vertical axis wind turbinesThe use of small scale vertical axis wind turbines
IntroductionIntroduction The use of small scale vertical axis wind turbinesThe use of small scale vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) is being studied at McMaster University using(VAWT) is being studied at McMaster University using a prototype wind turbine provided bya prototype wind turbine provided
geometry of the blades on a wind turbine has, in the past,of the tower and blades of a 900 kW wind turbine (source:per blade). For this portion of the study, the wind turbine
Power Control and Optimization of Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Conversion Systems /
both AC drives and wind energy Turbine, shaft, and Gear BoxWind Energy Conversion Systems using Extremum Seeking Wind turbines (wind energy generation can be realized by capturing wind power at altitudes over the ground that cannot be reached by wind turbines.
Ghaffari, Azad
Effects of increasing tip velocity on wind turbine rotor design.
A reduction in cost of energy from wind is anticipated when maximum allowable tip velocity is allowed to increase. Rotor torque decreases as tip velocity increases and rotor size and power rating are held constant. Reduction in rotor torque yields a lighter weight gearbox, a decrease in the turbine cost, and an increase in the capacity for the turbine to deliver cost competitive electricity. The high speed rotor incurs costs attributable to rotor aero-acoustics and system loads. The increased loads of high speed rotors drive the sizing and cost of other components in the system. Rotor, drivetrain, and tower designs at 80 m/s maximum tip velocity and 100 m/s maximum tip velocity are created to quantify these effects. Component costs, annualized energy production, and cost of energy are computed for each design to quantify the change in overall cost of energy resulting from the increase in turbine tip velocity. High fidelity physics based models rather than cost and scaling models are used to perform the work. Results provide a quantitative assessment of anticipated costs and benefits for high speed rotors. Finally, important lessons regarding full system optimization of wind turbines are documented.
Resor, Brian Ray; Maniaci, David Charles; Berg, Jonathan Charles; Richards, Phillip William
Rotationally sampled wind characteristics and correlations with MOD-OA wind turbine response
This report presents results of a comprehensive wind and wind turbine measurement program: the Clayton, New Mexico, vertical plane array/MOD-OA project. In this experiment, the turbulent wind was measured for a large array of fixed anemometers located two blade diameters upwind of a 200-kW horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). Simultaneously, key wind turbine response parameters were also measured. The first of two major objectives of this experiment was to determine the turbulent wind, rotationally sampled to emulate the motion of the wind turbine blade, for the range of different wind speeds and stability classes actually experienced by the wind turbine. The second major objective was to correlate this rotationally sampled wind with the wind turbine blade stress and power, in order to assess the usefulness of the wind measurements for wind turbine loads testing a prediction. Time series of rotationally sampled winds and wind turbine blade bending moments and power were converted to frequency spectra using Fourier transform techniques. These spectra were used as the basis for both qualitative and quantitative comparisons among the various cases. A quantitative comparison between the rotationally sampled wind input and blade bending response was made, using the Fourier spectra to estimate the blade transfer function. These transfer functions were then used to calculate an approximate damping coefficient for the MOD-OA fiberglass blade.
George, R.L.; Connell, J.R.
Final Technical Report Recovery Act: Online Nonintrusive Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection for Wind Turbines
The penetration of wind power has increased greatly over the last decade in the United States and across the world. The U.S. wind power industry installed 1,118 MW of new capacity in the first quarter of 2011 alone and entered the second quarter with another 5,600 MW under construction. By 2030, wind energy is expected to provide 20% of the U.S. electricity needs. As the number of wind turbines continues to grow, the need for effective condition monitoring and fault detection (CMFD) systems becomes increasingly important [3]. Online CMFD is an effective means of not only improving the reliability, capacity factor, and lifetime, but it also reduces the downtime, energy loss, and operation and maintenance (O&M) of wind turbines. The goal of this project is to develop novel online nonintrusive CMFD technologies for wind turbines. The proposed technologies use only the current measurements that have been used by the control and protection system of a wind turbine generator (WTG); no additional sensors or data acquisition devices are needed. Current signals are reliable and easily accessible from the ground without intruding on the wind turbine generators (WTGs) that are situated on high towers and installed in remote areas. Therefore, current-based CMFD techniques have great economic benefits and the potential to be adopted by the wind energy industry. Specifically, the following objectives and results have been achieved in this project: (1) Analyzed the effects of faults in a WTG on the generator currents of the WTG operating at variable rotating speed conditions from the perspective of amplitude and frequency modulations of the current measurements; (2) Developed effective amplitude and frequency demodulation methods for appropriate signal conditioning of the current measurements to improve the accuracy and reliability of wind turbine CMFD; (3) Developed a 1P-invariant power spectrum density (PSD) method for effective signature extraction of wind turbine faults with characteristic frequencies in the current or current demodulated signals, where 1P stands for the shaft rotating frequency of a WTG; (4) Developed a wavelet filter for effective signature extraction of wind turbine faults without characteristic frequencies in the current or current demodulated signals; (5) Developed an effective adaptive noise cancellation method as an alternative to the wavelet filter method for signature extraction of wind turbine faults without characteristic frequencies in the current or current demodulated signals; (6) Developed a statistical analysis-based impulse detection method for effective fault signature extraction and evaluation of WTGs based on the 1P-invariant PSD of the current or current demodulated signals; (7) Validated the proposed current-based wind turbine CMFD technologies through extensive computer simulations and experiments for small direct-drive WTGs without gearboxes; and (8) Showed, through extensive experiments for small direct-drive WTGs, that the performance of the proposed current-based wind turbine CMFD technologies is comparable to traditional vibration-based methods. The proposed technologies have been successfully applied for detection of major failures in blades, shafts, bearings, and generators of small direct-drive WTGs. The proposed technologies can be easily integrated into existing wind turbine control, protection, and monitoring systems and can be implemented remotely from the wind turbines being monitored. The proposed technologies provide an alternative to vibration-sensor-based CMFD. This will reduce the cost and hardware complexity of wind turbine CMFD systems. The proposed technologies can also be combined with vibration-sensor-based methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of wind turbine CMFD systems. When there are problems with sensors, the proposed technologies will ensure proper CMFD for the wind turbines, including their sensing systems. In conclusion, the proposed technologies offer an effective means to achieve condition-based smart maintenance for wind turbines and have a gre
Wei Qiao
Effect of Surface Roughness on Wind Turbine Performance
Wind farm operators observe production deficits as machines age. Quantifying deterioration on individual components is difficult, but one potential explanation is accumulation of blade surface roughness. Historically, wind turbine airfoils were...
Ehrmann, Robert Schaefer
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
U.S. Department of Energy Community and Renewable Energy Success Stories webinar series titled Wind Energy in Urban Environments. This presentation describes a mid-size wind turbine installation near downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Design and Test of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine System Employing a Direct Drive Axial Flux Synchronization Generator: 29 October 2002 - 31 December 2005
The goal of this funded research project is the definition, analytical investigation, modeling, and prototype realization of a current-source conversion topology tailored to high-power wind turbines.
Lipo, T. A.; Tenca, P.
Michael Scholl, email@example.com (A paper written under the guidance of Prof. Raj Jain) Download High availability is one of the major goals of smart grid systems. This paper examines the availability of wind turbines, a high voltage DC (HVDC)
the availability of wind turbines, a high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission system, and a supervisory control and data of a Wind Turbine 3.2 Availability Data 3.3 Sensitivity Analysis 4. HVDC Transmission System 4.1 Parts of a HVDC Transmission System 4.2 Availability Data 4.3 Sensitivity Analysis 5. Control System 5.1 Parts
Jain, Raj
NREL Software Aids Offshore Wind Turbine Designs (Fact Sheet)
NREL researchers are supporting offshore wind power development with computer models that allow detailed analyses of both fixed and floating offshore wind turbines. While existing computer-aided engineering (CAE) models can simulate the conditions and stresses that a land-based wind turbine experiences over its lifetime, offshore turbines require the additional considerations of variations in water depth, soil type, and wind and wave severity, which also necessitate the use of a variety of support-structure types. NREL's core wind CAE tool, FAST, models the additional effects of incident waves, sea currents, and the foundation dynamics of the support structures.
Wind Turbine Drivetrain Condition Monitoring - An Overview (Presentation)
High operation and maintenance costs still hamper the development of the wind industry despite its quick growth worldwide. To reduce unscheduled downtime and avoid catastrophic failures of wind turbines and their components have been and will be crucial to further raise the competitiveness of wind power. Condition monitoring is one of the key tools for achieving such a goal. To enhance the research and development of advanced condition monitoring techniques dedicated to wind turbines, we present an overview of wind turbine condition monitoring, discuss current practices, point out existing challenges, and suggest possible solutions.
Sheng, S.; Yang, W.
Multi-piece wind turbine rotor blades and wind turbines incorporating same
A multisection blade for a wind turbine includes a hub extender having a pitch bearing at one end, a skirt or fairing having a hole therethrough and configured to mount over the hub extender, and an outboard section configured to couple to the pitch bearing.
Moroz; Emilian Mieczyslaw (San Diego, CA) [San Diego, CA
Assessing the Impacts of Reduced Noise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighbor Annoyance: A Preliminary Analysis in Vinalhaven, Maine
Noise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighbor Annoyance: ANoise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighbor Annoyance: A
Hoen, Ben
Impact of Wind Power Plants on Voltage and Transient Stability of Power Systems
A standard three-machine, nine-bus wind power system is studied and augmented by a radially connected wind power plant that contains 22 wind turbine generators.
Muljadi, E.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Pai, M. A.
Development and Validation of WECC Variable Speed Wind Turbine Dynamic Models for Grid Integration Studies
This paper describes reduced-order, simplified wind turbine models for analyzing the stability impact of large arrays of wind turbines with a single point of network interconnection.
Behnke, M.; Ellis, A.; Kazachkov, Y.; McCoy, T.; Muljadi, E.; Price, W.; Sanchez-Gasca, J.
Wind Turbine Blade Flow Fields and Prospects for Active Aerodynamic Control: Preprint
This paper describes wind turbine flow fields that can cause adverse aerodynamic loading and can impact active aerodynamic control methodologies currently contemplated for wind turbine applications.
Schreck, S.; Robinson, M.
Maglev Wind Turbine Technologies | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORTOpenWende New Energy Co Ltd JumpLightSourceRMaglev Wind Turbine
Portsmouth Wind Turbine | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 No revision hasInformation Earth'sOklahoma/GeothermalOrangePeru:Job Corp JumpWind Turbine Jump to: navigation,
- 5:11pm Addthis This wind tunnel constructed by NREL engineers will test the small wind turbines designed by 10 university teams competing in DOE's Collegiate Wind Competition....
Impacts of Providing Inertial Response on Dynamic Loads of Wind Turbine Drivetrains: Preprint
There has been growing demand from the power industry for wind power plants to support power system operations. One such requirement is for wind turbines to provide ancillary services in the form of inertial response. When the grid frequency drops, it is essential for wind turbine generators (WTGs) to inject kinetic energy stored in their inertia into the grid to help arrest the frequency decline. However, the impacts of inertial response on the structural loads of the wind turbine have not been given much attention. To bridge this gap, this paper utilizes a holistic model for both fixed-speed and variable-speed WTGs by integrating the aeroelastic wind turbine model in FAST, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, with the electromechanical drivetrain model in SimDriveline and SimPowerSystems.
Girsang, I. P.; Dhupia, J.; Singh, M.; Gevorgian, V.; Muljadi, E.; Jonkman, J.
Development of Fully Coupled Aeroelastic and Hydrodynamic Models for Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
Aeroelastic simulation tools are routinely used to design and analyze onshore wind turbines, in order to obtain cost effective machines that achieve favorable performance while maintaining structural integrity. These tools employ sophisticated models of wind-inflow; aerodynamic, gravitational, and inertial loading of the rotor, nacelle, and tower; elastic effects within and between components; and mechanical actuation and electrical responses of the generator and of control and protection systems. For offshore wind turbines, additional models of the hydrodynamic loading in regular and irregular seas, the dynamic coupling between the support platform motions and wind turbine motions, and the dynamic characterization of mooring systems for compliant floating platforms are also important. Hydrodynamic loading includes contributions from hydrostatics, wave radiation, and wave scattering, including free surface memory effects. The integration of all of these models into comprehensive simulation tools, capable of modeling the fully coupled aeroelastic and hydrodynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines, is presented.
Jonkman, J. M.; Sclavounos, P. D.
An approach to the development and analysis of wind turbine control algorithms
The objective of this project is to develop the capability of symbolically generating an analytical model of a wind turbine for studies of control systems. This report focuses on a theoretical formulation of the symbolic equations of motion (EOMs) modeler for horizontal axis wind turbines. In addition to the power train dynamics, a generic 7-axis rotor assembly is used as the base model from which the EOMs of various turbine configurations can be derived. A systematic approach to generate the EOMs is presented using d`Alembert`s principle and Lagrangian dynamics. A Matlab M file was implemented to generate the EOMs of a two-bladed, free yaw wind turbine. The EOMs will be compared in the future to those of a similar wind turbine modeled with the YawDyn code for verification. This project was sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories as part of the Adaptive Structures and Control Task. This is the final report of Sandia Contract AS-0985.
Wu, K.C.
A. Zervos. 2011a. �Wind Energy. � In IPCC Special Report onconsequent impacts on wind turbine and wind energy pricing.References American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). 2011.
Wind for Schools Project Power System Brief, Wind Powering America Fact Sheet Series
Wind Powering America's (WPA's) Wind for Schools project uses a basic system configuration for each school project. The system incorporates a single SkyStream wind turbine, a 70-ft guyed tower, disconnect boxes at the base of the turbine and at the school, and an interconnection to the school's electrical system. This document provides a detailed description of each system component.
Baring-Gould, I.
(Construction of a wind turbine). Final report
A wind powered electrical generator was built by industrial arts students working in electricity, woodworking, and metal technology facilities. The blades were originally aluminum frames covered with sailcloth. These were replaced with hand-carved laminated basswood blades. Original plans called for a bullet and downwind propeller, but this was replaced with an upwind propeller and an aft-mounted tailfin. A V-belt and pulley drive transmits power from the turbine and a motorcycle brake stops the machine during high winds and/or for safe servicing. The original 13 volt, 105 amp alternator was replaced by a 12 volt, 100 amp dc generator. Publicity and dissemination events are listed as well as expenditures. (LEW)
Devine, L.E.
Wind turbine generator with improved operating subassemblies
A wind turbine includes a yaw spring return assembly to return the nacelle from a position to which it has been rotated by yawing forces, thus preventing excessive twisting of the power cables and control cables. It also includes negative coning restrainers to limit the bending of the flexible arms of the rotor towards the tower, and stop means on the rotor shaft to orient the blades in a vertical position during periods when the unit is upwind when the wind commences. A pendulum pitch control mechanism is improved by orienting the pivot axis for the pendulum arm at an angle to the longitudinal axis of its support arm, and excessive creep is of the synthetic resin flexible beam support for the blades is prevented by a restraining cable which limits the extent of pivoting of the pendulum during normal operation but which will permit further pivoting under abnormal conditions to cause the rotor to stall.
Cheney, Jr., Marvin C. (24 Stonepost Rd., Glastonbury, CT 06033)
Assessing Novel Foundation Options for Offshore Wind Turbines
Assessing Novel Foundation Options for Offshore Wind Turbines B.W. Byrne, BE(Hons), BCom, MA, DPhil G.T. Houlsby, MA, DSc, FREng, FICE Oxford University, UK SYNOPSIS Offshore wind farms of these being the foundations for the offshore turbines. We review here the results of a recent research
Byrne, Byron
Scour around an offshore wind turbine W.F. Louwersheimer
Scour around an offshore wind turbine MSc Thesis W.F. Louwersheimer January, 2007 Delft University of Technology Ballast Nedam Faculty of Civil Engineering Egmond Offshore Energy Section of Hydraulic Engineering #12;Scour around an offshore wind turbine Delft University of Technology Ballast Nedam - Egmond
Langendoen, Koen
DOE/NREL Advanced Wind Turbine Development Program
The development of technologically advanced, high-efficiency wind turbines continues to be a high-priority activity of the US wind industry. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute), sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), has initiated the Advanced Wind Turbine Program to assist the wind industry in the development of a new class of advanced wind turbines. The initial phase of the program focused on developing conceptual designs for near-term and advanced turbines. The goal of the second phase of this program is to use the experience gained over the last decade of turbine design and operation combined with the latest existing design tools to develop a turbine that will produce energy at $0.05 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) in a 5.8-m/s (13-mph) wind site. Three contracts have been awarded, and two more are under negotiation in the second phase. The third phase of the program will use new innovations and state-of-the-art wind turbine design technology to produce a turbine that will generate energy at $0.04/kWh in a 5.8-m/s wind site. Details of the third phase will be announced in early 1993.
Butterfield, C.P.; Smith, B.; Laxson, A.; Thresher, B. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)] [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Goldman, P. [USDOE Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States). Wind/Hydro/Ocean Technologies Div.] [USDOE Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States). Wind/Hydro/Ocean Technologies Div.
Can Wind Turbines be Bad for You? Alec N. Salt, Ph.D.
Can Wind Turbines be Bad for You? Alec N. Salt, Ph.D. Department of Otolaryngology there happens to be a castle nearby). #12;Wind turbines haveWind turbines have been getting biggerbeen getting MegaWatts(MW) Total Installed Change by year 3% of US Energy Needs Wind turbines are "green" and areWind
Infrasound, the Ear and Wind Turbines Alec N. Salt, Ph.D.
Infrasound, the Ear and Wind Turbines Alec N. Salt, Ph.D. Department of Otolaryngology there happens to be a castle nearby). #12;Wind turbines haveWind turbines have been getting biggerbeen getting MegaWatts(MW) Total Installed Change by year 3% of US Energy Needs Wind turbines are "green" and areWind
Influence of wind characteristics on turbine performance Ioannis Antoniou (1)
(2) , Peder Enevoldsen (2) , Leo Thesbjerg (3) (1): Wind Energy Department, Risø of measuring the power curve is by using the wind speed at hub height. The assumption behind this is that the wind speed is representative of the wind over the whole turbine rotor. While this assumption
An examination of loads and responses of a wind turbine undergoing variable-speed operation
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has recently developed the ability to predict turbine loads and responses for machines undergoing variable-speed operation. The wind industry has debated the potential benefits of operating wind turbine sat variable speeds for some time. Turbine system dynamic responses (structural response, resonance, and component interactions) are an important consideration for variable-speed operation of wind turbines. The authors have implemented simple, variable-speed control algorithms for both the FAST and ADAMS dynamics codes. The control algorithm is a simple one, allowing the turbine to track the optimum power coefficient (C{sub p}). The objective of this paper is to show turbine loads and responses for a particular two-bladed, teetering-hub, downwind turbine undergoing variable-speed operation. The authors examined the response of the machine to various turbulent wind inflow conditions. In addition, they compare the structural responses under fixed-speed and variable-speed operation. For this paper, they restrict their comparisons to those wind-speed ranges for which limiting power by some additional control strategy (blade pitch or aileron control, for example) is not necessary. The objective here is to develop a basic understanding of the differences in loads and responses between the fixed-speed and variable-speed operation of this wind turbine configuration.
Wright, A.D.; Buhl, M.L. Jr.; Bir, G.S.
Development and Verification of a Fully Coupled Simulator for Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
This report outlines the development of an analysis tool capable of analyzing a variety of wind turbine, support platform, and mooring system configurations.The simulation capability was tested by model-to-model comparisons to ensure its correctness.
Jonkman, J. M.; Buhl, M. L. Jr.
Duration Test Report for the Ventera VT10 Wind Turbine
This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small wind turbines. Five turbines were tested at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as a part of round one of this project. Duration testing is one of up to five tests that may be performed on the turbines, including power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality. Test results will provide manufacturers with reports that can be used to fulfill part of the requirements for small wind turbine certification. The test equipment included a grid-connected Ventera Energy Corporation VT10 wind turbine mounted on an 18.3-m (60-ft) self-supporting lattice tower manufactured by Rohn.
[1] DS/EN 61400-1: 2005. Wind turbines, part 1: Design requirements, 2005. [2] Andrew Delaney. Blowing up a storm. European Power News, 31, 2006.
[1] DS/EN 61400-1: 2005. Wind turbines, part 1: Design requirements, 2005. [2] Andrew Delaney loads of wind turbines. In Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Fernando D. Bianchi, Hernán De Battista. Wind Turbine Control Systems. Springer, 2007. [6] H. Ganander
Pedersen, Henrik C.
Wind energy systems information user study
This report describes the results of a series of telephone interviews with potential users of information on wind energy conversion. These interviews, part of a larger study covering nine different solar technologies, attempted to identify: the type of information each distinctive group of information users needed, and the best way of getting information to that group. Groups studied include: wind energy conversion system researchers; wind energy conversion system manufacturer representatives; wind energy conversion system distributors; wind turbine engineers; utility representatives; educators; county agents and extension service agents; and wind turbine owners.
Belew, W.W.; Wood, B.L.; Marle, T.L.; Reinhardt, C.L.
CgWind: A high-order accurate simulation tool for wind turbines and wind farms
CgWind is a high-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) tool designed to meet the modeling needs of wind turbine and wind park engineers. This tool combines several advanced computational technologies in order to model accurately the complex and dynamic nature of wind energy applications. The composite grid approach provides high-quality structured grids for the efficient implementation of high-order accurate discretizations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Composite grids also provide a natural mechanism for modeling bodies in relative motion and complex geometry. Advanced algorithms such as matrix-free multigrid, compact discretizations and approximate factorization will allow CgWind to perform highly resolved calculations efficiently on a wide class of computing resources. Also in development are nonlinear LES subgrid-scale models required to simulate the many interacting scales present in large wind turbine applications. This paper outlines our approach, the current status of CgWind and future development plans.
Chand, K K; Henshaw, W D; Lundquist, K A; Singer, M A
Taking a bottom-up approach, this report examines seven primary drivers of wind turbine prices in the United States, with the goal of estimating the degree to which each contributed to the doubling in turbine prices from 2002 through 2008, as well as the subsequent decline in prices through 2010 (our analysis does not extend into 2011 because several of these drivers are best gauged on a full-year basis due to seasonality issues). The first four of these drivers can be considered, at least to some degree, endogenous influences � i.e., those that are largely within the control of the wind industry � and include changes in: 1) Labor costs, which have historically risen during times of tight turbine supply; 2) Warranty provisions, which reflect technology performance and reliability, and are most often capitalized in turbine prices; 3) Turbine manufacturer profitability, which can impact turbine prices independently of costs; and 4) Turbine design, which for the purpose of this analysis is principally manifested through increased turbine size. The other three drivers analyzed in this study can be considered exogenous influences, in that they can impact wind turbine costs but fall mostly outside of the direct control of the wind industry. These exogenous drivers include changes in: 5) Raw materials prices, which affect the cost of inputs to the manufacturing process; 6) Energy prices, which impact the cost of manufacturing and transporting turbines; and 7) Foreign exchange rates, which can impact the dollar amount paid for turbines and components imported into the United States.
Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan
Acoustic Noise Test Report for the Viryd CS8 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of an acoustic noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the Viryd CS8 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator Systems Part 11: Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques, IEC 61400-11 Ed.2.1, 2006-11. However, because the Viryd CS8 is a small turbine, as defined by IEC, NREL used 10-second averages instead of 60-second averages and binning by wind speed instead of regression analysis.
Roadman, J.; Huskey, A.
Acoustic Noise Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine in Boulder, CO
This report summarizes the results of an acoustic noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the SWIFT wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator Systems Part 11: Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques, IEC 61400-11 Ed.2.1, 2006-11. However, because the SWIFT is a small turbine, as defined by IEC, NREL used 10-second averages instead of 60-second averages and utilized binning by wind speed instead of regression analysis.
Natural gas combustion turbines are rapidly becoming the primary technology of choice for generating electricity. At least half of the new generating capacity added in the US over the next twenty years will be combustion turbine systems. The Department of Energy has cosponsored with Siemens Westinghouse, a program to maintain the technology lead in gas turbine systems. The very ambitious eight year program was designed to demonstrate a highly efficient and commercially acceptable power plant, with the ability to fire a wide range of fuels. The main goal of the Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) Program was to develop ultra-high efficiency, environmentally superior and cost effective competitive gas turbine systems for base load application in utility, independent power producer and industrial markets. Performance targets were focused on natural gas as a fuel and included: System efficiency that exceeds 60% (lower heating value basis); Less than 10 ppmv NO{sub x} emissions without the use of post combustion controls; Busbar electricity that are less than 10% of state of the art systems; Reliability-Availability-Maintainability (RAM) equivalent to current systems; Water consumption minimized to levels consistent with cost and efficiency goals; and Commercial systems by the year 2000. In a parallel effort, the program was to focus on adapting the ATS engine to coal-derived or biomass fuels. In Phase 1 of the ATS Program, preliminary investigators on different gas turbine cycles demonstrated that net plant LHV based efficiency greater than 60% was achievable. In Phase 2 the more promising cycles were evaluated in greater detail and the closed-loop steam-cooled combined cycle was selected for development because it offered the best solution with least risk for achieving the ATS Program goals for plant efficiency, emissions, cost of electricity and RAM. Phase 2 also involved conceptual ATS engine and plant design and technology developments in aerodynamics, sealing, combustion, cooling, materials, coatings and casting development. The market potential for the ATS gas turbine in the 2000-2014 timeframe was assessed for combined cycle, simple cycle and integrated gasification combined cycle, for three engine sizes. The total ATS market potential was forecasted to exceed 93 GW. Phase 3 and Phase 3 Extension involved further technology development, component testing and W501ATS engine detail design. The technology development efforts consisted of ultra low NO{sub x} combustion, catalytic combustion, sealing, heat transfer, advanced coating systems, advanced alloys, single crystal casting development and determining the effect of steam on turbine alloys. Included in this phase was full-load testing of the W501G engine at the McIntosh No. 5 site in Lakeland, Florida.
Gregory Gaul
Assessment and Optimization of Lidar Measurement Availability for Wind Turbine Control: Preprint
Turbine-mounted lidars provide preview measurements of the incoming wind field. By reducing loads on critical components and increasing the potential power extracted from the wind, the performance of wind turbine controllers can be improved [2]. As a result, integrating a light detection and ranging (lidar) system has the potential to lower the cost of wind energy. This paper presents an evaluation of turbine-mounted lidar availability. Availability is a metric which measures the proportion of time the lidar is producing controller-usable data, and is essential when a wind turbine controller relies on a lidar. To accomplish this, researchers from Avent Lidar Technology and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory first assessed and modeled the effect of extreme atmospheric events. This shows how a multirange lidar delivers measurements for a wide variety of conditions. Second, by using a theoretical approach and conducting an analysis of field feedback, we investigated the effects of the lidar setup on the wind turbine. This helps determine the optimal lidar mounting position at the back of the nacelle, and establishes a relationship between availability, turbine rpm, and lidar sampling time. Lastly, we considered the role of the wind field reconstruction strategies and the turbine controller on the definition and performance of a lidar's measurement availability.
Davoust, S.; Jehu, A.; Bouillet, M.; Bardon, M.; Vercherin, B.; Scholbrock, A.; Fleming, P.; Wright, A.
Wind for Schools Project Power System Brief
This fact sheet provides an overview of the system components of a Wind Powering America Wind for Schools project. Wind Powering America's (WPA's) Wind for Schools project uses a basic system configuration for each school project. The system incorporates a single SkyStream(TM) wind turbine, a 70-ft guyed tower, disconnect boxes at the base of the turbine and at the school, and an interconnection to the school's electrical system. A detailed description of each system component is provided in this document.
Turbine Inflow Characterization at the National Wind Technology Center: Preprint
Utility-scale wind turbines operate in dynamic flows that can vary significantly over timescales from less than a second to several years. To better understand the inflow to utility-scale turbines, two inflow towers were installed and commissioned at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) National Wind Technology Center near Boulder, Colorado, in 2011. These towers are 135 m tall and instrumented with a combination of sonic anemometers, cup anemometers, wind vanes, and temperature measurements to characterize the inflow wind speed and direction, turbulence, stability and thermal stratification to two utility-scale turbines. Herein, we present variations in mean and turbulent wind parameters with height, atmospheric stability, and as a function of wind direction that could be important for turbine operation as well as persistence of turbine wakes. Wind speed, turbulence intensity, and dissipation are all factors that affect turbine performance. Our results shown that these all vary with height across the rotor disk, demonstrating the importance of measuring atmospheric conditions that influence wind turbine performance at multiple heights in the rotor disk, rather than relying on extrapolation from lower levels.
Clifton, A.; Schreck, S.; Scott, G.; Kelley, N.; Lundquist, J.
Turbine Inflow Characterization at the National Wind Technology Center
Utility-scale wind turbines operate in dynamic flows that can vary significantly over timescales from less than a second to several years. To better understand the inflow to utility-scale turbines, two inflow towers were installed and commissioned at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) National Wind Technology Center near Boulder, Colorado, in 2011. These towers are 135 m tall and instrumented with a combination of sonic anemometers, cup anemometers, wind vanes, and temperature measurements to characterize the inflow wind speed and direction, turbulence, stability and thermal stratification to two utility-scale turbines. Herein, we present variations in mean and turbulent wind parameters with height, atmospheric stability, and as a function of wind direction that could be important for turbine operation as well as persistence of turbine wakes. Wind speed, turbulence intensity, and dissipation are all factors that affect turbine performance. Our results show that these all vary with height across the rotor disk, demonstrating the importance of measuring atmospheric conditions that influence wind turbine performance at multiple heights in the rotor disk, rather than relying on extrapolation from lower levels.
Clifton, A.; Schreck, S.; Scott, G.; Kelley, N.; Lundquist, J. K.
The EPRI/DOE Utility Wind Turbine Performance Verification Program
In 1992, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the US Department of Energy (DOE) initiated the Utility Wind Turbine Performance Verification Program (TVP). This paper provides an overview of the TVP, its purpose and goals, and the participating utility projects. Improved technology has significantly reduced the cost of energy from wind turbines since the early 1980s. In 1992, turbines were producing electricity for about $0.07--$0.09/kilowatt-hour (kWh) (at 7 m/s [16 mph sites]), compared with more than $0.30/kWh in 1980. Further technology improvements were expected to lower the cost of energy from wind turbines to $0.05/kWh. More than 17,000 wind turbines, totaling more than 1,500 MW capacity, were installed in the US, primarily in California and Hawaii. The better wind plants had availabilities above 95%, capacity factors exceeding 30%, and operation and maintenance costs of $0.01/kWh. However, despite improving technology, EPRI and DOE recognized that utility use of wind turbines was still largely limited to turbines installed in California and Hawaii during the 1980s. Wind resource assessments showed that other regions of the US, particularly the Midwest, had abundant wind resources. EPRI and DOE sought to provide a bridge from utility-grade turbine development programs under way to commercial purchases of the wind turbines. The TVP was developed to allow utilities to build and operate enough candidate turbines to gain statistically significant operating and maintenance data.
Calvert, S.; Goldman, P. [Department of Energy, Washington, DC (United States); DeMeo, E.; McGowin, C. [Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States); Smith, B.; Tromly, K. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 88, 042146 (2013) Uncovering wind turbine properties through two-dimensional stochastic modeling of wind dynamics
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 88, 042146 (2013) Uncovering wind turbine properties through two, such as the rated speed of the wind turbine or the descriptive wind speed statistics, can be related to the equations describing the evolution of power production and wind speed at single wind turbines. DOI: 10
Effect of Second-Order Hydrodynamics on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
Offshore winds are generally stronger and more consistent than winds on land, making the offshore environment attractive for wind energy development. A large part of the offshore wind resource is however located in deep water, where floating turbines are the only economical way of harvesting the energy. The design of offshore floating wind turbines relies on the use of modeling tools that can simulate the entire coupled system behavior. At present, most of these tools include only first-order hydrodynamic theory. However, observations of supposed second-order hydrodynamic responses in wave-tank tests performed by the DeepCwind consortium suggest that second-order effects might be critical. In this paper, the methodology used by the oil and gas industry has been modified to apply to the analysis of floating wind turbines, and is used to assess the effect of second-order hydrodynamics on floating offshore wind turbines. The method relies on combined use of the frequency-domain tool WAMIT and the time-domain tool FAST. The proposed assessment method has been applied to two different floating wind concepts, a spar and a tension-leg-platform (TLP), both supporting the NREL 5-MW baseline wind turbine. Results showing the hydrodynamic forces and motion response for these systems are presented and analysed, and compared to aerodynamic effects.
Roald, L.; Jonkman, J.; Robertson, A,; Chokani, N.
Safety and Function Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. Three turbines where selected for testing at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of round two of the Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing project. Safety and Function testing is one of up to 5 tests that may be performed on the turbines. Other tests include power performance, duration, noise, and power quality. The results of the testing will provide the manufacturers with reports that may be used for small wind turbine certification.
Duration Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. Three turbines where selected for testing at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of round two of the Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing project. Duration testing is one of up to 5 tests that may be performed on the turbines. Other tests include power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality. The results of the testing will provide the manufacturers with reports that may be used for small wind turbine certification.
Optimization of a Savonius rotor vertical-axis wind turbine for use in water pumping systems in rural Honduras
The D-lab Honduras team designed and constructed a wind-powered water pump in rural Honduras during IAP 2007. Currently, the system does not work under its own power and water must be pumped by hand. This thesis seeks to ...
Zingman, Aron (Aron Olesen)
A simple method of estimating wind turbine blade fatigue at potential wind turbine sites
This paper presents a technique of estimating blade fatigue damage at potential wind turbine sites. The cornerstone of this technique is a simple model for the blade`s root flap bending moment. The model requires as input a simple set of wind measurements which may be obtained as part of a routine site characterization study. By using the model to simulate a time series of the root flap bending moment, fatigue damage rates may be estimated. The technique is evaluated by comparing these estimates with damage estimates derived from actual bending moment data; the agreement between the two is quite good. The simple connection between wind measurements and fatigue provided by the model now allows one to readily discriminate between damaging and more benign wind environments.
Barnard, J.C.; Wendell, L.L.
DAMAGE DETECTION METHODS ON WIND TURBINE BLADE TESTING WITH WIRED AND WIRELESS ACCELEROMETER turbine blade. We compare the data collected from the wireless sensors against wired sensors for nonstationary blade excitations. KEYWORDS : Structural Health Monitoring, Damage Detection, Wind Turbine
embodied in wind turbine materials (6.37 GJ/kW) from theMaterials Prices Wind turbines are material-intensive. Eachprofitability, turbine scaling, raw materials prices, energy
Impact of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effects on Power System with Large Scale Wind Power
@et.aau.dk, email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract Grid connected wind turbines are fluctuating power sources due on the power system small signal stability of wind turbines based on fixed-speed induction generators, doubly two interconnected power systems [9]. The wind power fluctuations produced by grid connected variable
Hu, Weihao
LiDAR observations of offshore winds at future wind turbine operating heights
LiDAR observations of offshore winds at future wind turbine operating heights Alfredo Peña1 , Sven at the Horns Rev offshore wind farm. The influence of atmospheric stability on the surface layer wind shear: Charnock, LiDAR, Marine boundary layer, Offshore, Surface layer, Wind profile. 1 Introduction There is
RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic wind loads and wake characteristics of a wind turbine
installed in onshore or/and offshore wind farms in order to meet the 20% electricity generation goal. WindRESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic wind loads and wake characteristics of a wind turbine model in an atmospheric boundary layer wind Hui Hu · Zifeng Yang · Partha Sarkar Received: 16 August 2011 / Revised: 1
Hu, Hui
A High-Order Sliding Mode Observer for Sensorless Control ofDFIG-Based Wind Turbines
A High-Order Sliding Mode Observer for Sensorless Control ofDFIG-Based Wind Turbines Mohamed control of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine. The sensorless control scheme (generator and turbine). Simulations using the wind turbine simulator FAST on a 1.5- MW three-blade wind
SHORT TERM PREDICTIONS FOR THE POWER OUTPUT OF ENSEMBLES OF WIND TURBINES AND PV-GENERATORS Hans. For the conventional power park, the power production of the wind turbines presents a fluctuating 'negative load PRODUCTION OF WIND TURBINES For the forecast of the power production of wind turbines two approaches may
Heinemann, Detlev
MODAL PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR OPERATIONAL WIND TURBINES Emilio Di Lorenzo1, 2
MODAL PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR OPERATIONAL WIND TURBINES Emilio Di Lorenzo1, 2 , Simone Manzato1 Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy email@example.com ABSTRACT Wind turbines are time. This assumption holds in the case of parked wind turbines, but not in the case of operating wind turbines
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines Chief Medical Officer of Health (CMOH) Report
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines Chief Medical Officer of Health (CMOH) Report May 2010) of Ontario in response to public health concerns about wind turbines, particularly related to noise. Assisted by wind turbines. The review concludes that while some people living near wind turbines report symptoms
Design, Analysis, and Learning Control of a Fully Actuated Micro Wind Turbine
Design, Analysis, and Learning Control of a Fully Actuated Micro Wind Turbine J. Zico Kolter of renewable energy, and improvements to wind turbine design and control can have a significant impact a actuated micro wind turbine intended for research purposes. While most academic work on wind turbine
Tedrake, Russ
www.cesos.ntnu.no Author Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures Offshore Wind Turbine Operation
1 www.cesos.ntnu.no Author Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures Offshore Wind Turbine Operation Structures Outline · Introduction · Wind Turbine Operational Conditions · Wind Turbine Operation under Atmospheric Icing · Wind Turbine Operation under Fault Condition · Conclusions www.cesos.ntnu.no M. Etemaddar
Offshore Wind Turbine Transportation & Installation Analyses Planning Optimal Marine Operations for Offshore Wind Projects.
?? Transportation and installation of offshore wind turbines (Tower, Nacelle and Rotor) is a complete process conducted over several phases, usually in sequence. There are� (more)
Uraz, Emre
Wind turbine rotor hub and teeter joint
A rotor hub is provided for coupling a wind turbine rotor blade and a shaft. The hub has a yoke with a body which is connected to the shaft, and extension portions which are connected to teeter bearing blocks, each of which has an aperture. The blocks are connected to a saddle which envelops the rotor blade by one or two shafts which pass through the apertures in the bearing blocks. The saddle and blade are separated by a rubber interface which provides for distribution of stress over a larger portion of the blade. Two teeter control mechanisms, which may include hydraulic pistons and springs, are connected to the rotor blade and to the yoke at extension portions. These control mechanisms provide end-of-stroke damping, braking, and stiffness based on the teeter angle and speed of the blade.
Coleman, Clint (Warren, VT); Kurth, William T. (Warren, VT); Jankowski, Joseph (Stowe, VT)
Wind energy represents a viable alternative, as it is a virtually endless resource. Through the next several decades, renewable energy technologies, thanks to their continually improving performance and cost, and growing recognition of their Environmental, economic and social values, will grow increasingly competitive with Traditional energy technologies, so that by the middle of the 21 st century, renewable Energy, in its various forms, should be supplying half of the world�s energy needs. In this paper various types of wind turbine are reviewed to understand and the development and modification of horizontal axis wind turbine and how more power can be generated compared to bare turbine of the same rotor blade diameter.
Rob Res; N R Deshmukh; S J Deshmukh; N R Deshmukh; S J Deshmukh
WindTurbineGenerator Introduction of the Renewable Micro-Grid Test-Bed
Simulator Wind Turbine: PMSM, 3kW, 8.3A Wind Generator: PMSM, 3kW, 8.3A 3 AC/DC Converter & DC/AC Inverter Wind Turbine: Torque or Speed Control Wind Generator: PQ Control Cubicle #4: Energy Storage Generator #1 3kW, 8.3A Wind Turbine #1 3kW, 8.3A Wind Turbine #2 3kW Wind Generator #2 3kW RS232
Johnson, Eric E.
Dual-axis resonance testing of wind turbine blades
An apparatus (100) for fatigue testing test articles (104) including wind turbine blades. The apparatus (100) includes a test stand (110) that rigidly supports an end (106) of the test article (104). An actuator assembly (120) is attached to the test article (104) and is adapted for substantially concurrently imparting first and second forcing functions in first and second directions on the test article (104), with the first and second directions being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis. A controller (130) transmits first and second sets of displacement signals (160, 164) to the actuator assembly (120) at two resonant frequencies of the test system (104). The displacement signals (160, 164) initiate the actuator assembly (120) to impart the forcing loads to concurrently oscillate the test article (104) in the first and second directions. With turbine blades, the blades (104) are resonant tested concurrently for fatigue in the flapwise and edgewise directions.
Hughes, Scott; Musial, Walter; White, Darris
Wind Tunnel Blockage Corrections: An Application to Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines.
?? An investigation into wake and solid blockage effects of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in closed test-section wind tunnel testing is described. Static wall pressures� (more)
Ross, Ian Jonathan
Sustainable Energy Solutions Task 2.0: Wind Turbine Reliability and Maintainability Enhancement through System-wide Structure Health Monitoring and Modifications to Rotating Components
EXECUTIVE SUMARRY An evaluation of nondestructive structural health monitoring methods was completed with over 132 documents, 37 specifically about wind turbines, summarized into a technology matrix. This matrix lists the technology, what can be monitored with this technology, and gives a short summary of the key aspects of the technology and its application. Passive and active acoustic emission equipment from Physical Acoustics Corp. and Acellent Technologies have been evaluated and selected for use in experimental state loading and fatigue tests of composite wind turbine blade materials. Acoustic Emission (AE) and Active Ultrasonic Testing (AUT), were applied to composite coupons with both simulated and actual damage. The results found that, while composites are more complicated in nature, compared to metallic structures, an artificial neural network analysis could still be used to determine damage. For the AE system, the failure mode could be determined (i.e. fiber breakage, delamination, etc.). The Acellent system has been evaluated to work well with composite materials. A test-rig for reliability testing of the rotating components was constructed. The research on the types of bearings used in the wind turbines indicated that in most of the designs, the main bearings utilized to support the shaft are cylindrical roller bearings. The accelerated degradation testing of a population of bearings was performed. Vibration and acoustic emission data was collected and analyzed in order to identify a representative degradation signal for each bearing to identify the initiation of the degradation process in the bearings. Afterwards, the RMS of the vibration signal from degradation initiation up to the end of the useful life of the bearing was selected to predict the remaining useful life of the bearing. This step included fitting Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models to the degradation signals and approximating the probability distribution function (PDF) of remaining useful life based on the results of Monte-Carlo simulation of the ARMA models. This step was performed for different percentages of the degradation signal of each bearing. The accuracy of the proposed approach then was assessed by comparing the actual life of the bearing and the estimated life of the bearing from the developed models. The results were impressive and indicated that the accuracy of the models improved as more data was utilized in developing the ARMA models (we get closer to the end of the life of the bearing).
Janet M Twomey, PhD
Investigation of Various Wind Turbine Drivetrain Condition Monitoring Techniques (Presentation)
This presentation was given at the 2011 Wind Turbine Reliability Workshop sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM on August 2-3, 2011. It discusses work for the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative including downtime caused by turbine subsystems, annual failure frequency of turbine subsystems, cost benefits of condition monitoring (CM), the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative's condition monitoring approach and rationale, test setup, and results and observations.
Aeroelastic stability analysis of a Darrieus wind turbine
An aeroelastic stability analysis has been developed for predicting flutter instabilities on vertical axis wind turbines. The analytical model and mathematical formulation of the problem are described as well as the physical mechanism that creates flutter in Darrieus turbines. Theoretical results are compared with measured experimental data from flutter tests of the Sandia 2 Meter turbine. Based on this comparison, the analysis appears to be an adequate design evaluation tool.
Popelka, D.
The Use of Tall Tower Field Data for Estimating Wind Turbine Power Performance , J. Chapman1
The Use of Tall Tower Field Data for Estimating Wind Turbine Power Performance A. Swift1 , J wind speed measurements on the TTU WISE 200m and 78m towers. A hypothetical wind turbine is shown. At potential wind turbine sites, it is uncommon to have wind measurements available at multiple heights. Then
Characteristics of Wind Turbines Under Normal and Fault Conditions: Preprint
This paper investigates the characteristics of a variable-speed wind turbine connected to a stiff or weak grid under normal and fault conditions and the role of reactive power compensation.
Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.; Parsons, B.; Ellis, A.
United States Launches First Grid-Connected Offshore Wind Turbine...
partners conducted extensive design, engineering, and testing of floating offshore wind turbines, then constructed and deployed its 65-foot-tall VolturnUS prototype. At a scale of...
Design of wind turbines with Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) has proven an asset for bridge design as it significantly reduces costs. However, UHPC has not been applied yet to wind turbine technology. Design codes do not propose any recommendations ...
Jammes, Fran�ois-Xavier
Tax Credit for Manufacturers of Small Wind Turbines
'''''Note: After a 2 year moratorium on all state tax credits, this credit may be claimed for tax year 2012 and subsequent tax years, for small wind turbines manufactured on or after July 1, 2012.'...
Aeroelastic Instabilities of Large Offshore and Onshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
This paper examines the aeroelastic stability of a 5-MW conceptual wind turbine mounted on a floating barge and presents results for onshore and offshore configurations for various conditions.
Superconducting generators for large off shore wind turbines�
This thesis describes four novel superconducting machine concepts, in the pursuit of finding a suitable design for large offshore wind turbines. The designs should be reliable, modular and light-weight. The main novelty ...
Keysan, Ozan
Intimate Emptiness: The Flint Hills Wind Turbine Controversy
ABSTRACT Howard Graham, Master of Arts American Studies, July 2008 University of Kansas This study examines the political and social controversy surrounding the proposed introduction of industrial scale wind turbines, roughly, those over 120 feet...
Graham, Howard Russell
Vertical axis wind turbine with continuous blade angle adjustment
The author presents a concept for a vertical axis wind turbine that utilizes each blade's entire rotational cycle for power generation. Each blade has its own vertical axis of rotation and is constrained to rotate at the ...
Weiss, Samuel Bruce
Wind Turbine Transportation in Toyland | GE Global Research
Wind Turbine Transportation in Toyland Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share (Opens in new window) Click to...
Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Multiple Unit Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
In the present study, a numerical simulation tool has been developed for the rotor-floater-tether coupled dynamic analysis of Multiple Unit Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (MUFOWT) in the time domain including aero-blade-tower dynamics and control...
Bae, Yoon Hyeok
Performance Study and Optimization of the Zephergy Wind Turbine
There are many problems associated with small wind turbines, such as small Reynolds number and poor starting performance, that make them much more expensive than the large ones per unit power. New technologies are needed to improve the quality...
Soodavi, Moein
"Design of Offshore Wind Turbines for Hurricane Resilience" Graduate Seminar
"Design of Offshore Wind Turbines for Hurricane Resilience" Graduate Seminar Thursday, December 5 Extremes: The Science, Impacts, and Policy Relevance" Graduate Seminar Thursday, March 28, 2013, 12pm 1pm
Connor, Ed
Gas turbine premixing systems
Methods and systems are provided for premixing combustion fuel and air within gas turbines. In one embodiment, a combustor includes an upstream mixing panel configured to direct compressed air and combustion fuel through premixing zone to form a fuel-air mixture. The combustor includes a downstream mixing panel configured to mix additional combustion fuel with the fule-air mixture to form a combustion mixture.
Kraemer, Gilbert Otto; Varatharajan, Balachandar; Evulet, Andrei Tristan; Yilmaz, Ertan; Lacy, Benjamin Paul
Comparison of Wind-Turbine Aeroelastic Codes Used for Certification: Preprint
NREL created aeroelastic simulators for horizontal-axis wind turbines accepted by Germanischer Lloyd (GL) WindEnergie GmbH for manufacturers to use for on-shore wind turbine certification.
Buhl, M. L., Jr.; Manjock, A.
Wind turbine trailing-edge aerodynamic brake design
This report describes the design of a centrifugally actuated aerodynamic-overspeed device for a horizontal-axis wind turbine. The device will meet the following criteria; (1) It will be effective for airfoil angles of attack 0{degrees} to 45{degrees}. (2) It will be stowed inside the blade profile prior to deployment. (3) It will be capable of offsetting the positive torque produced by the overall blade. (4) Hinge moments will be minimized to lower actuator loads and cost. (5) It will be evaluated as a potential power modulating active rotor-control system. A literature review of aerodynamic braking devices was conducted. Information from the literature review was used to conceptualize the most effective devices for subsequent testing and design. Wind-tunnel test data for several braking devices are presented in this report. Using the data for the most promising configuration, a preliminary design was developed for a MICON 65/13 wind turbine with Phoenix 7.9-m rotor blades.
Quandt, G.
Identification of airfoil characteristics for optimum wind turbine performance / b
IDENTIFICATION OF AIRFOIL CHARACTERISTICS FOR OPTIMUM WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE A Thesis by LEONARD SCOTT MILLER Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE December 1983 Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering IDENTIFICATION OF AIRFOIL CHARACTERISTICS FOR OPTIMUM WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE A Thesis by LEONARD SCOTT MILLER Approved as to Style and Content by: Dr. S. J. Miley (Chairm of Committee...
Miller, Leonard Scott
Dual-Axis Resonance Testing of Wind Turbine Blades
Energy Innovation Portal (Marketing Summaries) [EERE]
Wind turbine blades must undergo strength and fatigue testing in order to be rated and marketed appropriately. Presently, wind turbine blades are fatigue-tested in the flapwise direction and in the edgewise direction independently. This testing involves placing the blades through 1 to 10 million or more load or fatigue cycles, which may take 3 to 12 months or more to complete for each tested direction. There is a need for blade testing techniques that are less expensive to use and require...
Investigation of Response Amplitude Operators for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Preprint
This paper examines the consistency between response amplitude operators (RAOs) computed from WAMIT, a linear frequency-domain tool, to RAOs derived from time-domain computations based on white-noise wave excitation using FAST, a nonlinear aero-hydro-servo-elastic tool. The RAO comparison is first made for a rigid floating wind turbine without wind excitation. The investigation is further extended to examine how these RAOs change for a flexible and operational wind turbine. The RAOs are computed for below-rated, rated, and above-rated wind conditions. The method is applied to a floating wind system composed of the OC3-Hywind spar buoy and NREL 5-MW wind turbine. The responses are compared between FAST and WAMIT to verify the FAST model and to understand the influence of structural flexibility, aerodynamic damping, control actions, and waves on the system responses. The results show that based on the RAO computation procedure implemented, the WAMIT- and FAST-computed RAOs are similar (as expected) for a rigid turbine subjected to waves only. However, WAMIT is unable to model the excitation from a flexible turbine. Further, the presence of aerodynamic damping decreased the platform surge and pitch responses, as computed by both WAMIT and FAST when wind was included. Additionally, the influence of gyroscopic excitation increased the yaw response, which was captured by both WAMIT and FAST.
Ramachandran, G. K. V.; Robertson, A.; Jonkman, J. M.; Masciola, M. D.
turbines. The integration of the wind system into the existing diesel power plant was modeled of the existing power system, the wind resource, and the proposed wind power plant. In addition, preliminaryWIND POWER AT GUANTANAMO BAY: A HYBRID WIND-DIESEL SYSTEM FOR THE US NAVY AT GUANTANAMO NAVAL BASE
DOE/SNL-TTU scaled wind farm technology facility : research opportunities for study of turbine-turbine interaction.
The proposed DOE/Sandia Scaled Wind Farm Technology Facility (SWiFT) hosted by Texas Tech University at Reese Technology Center in Lubbock, TX, will provide a facility for experimental study of turbine-turbine interaction and complex wind farm aerodynamics. This document surveys the current status of wind turbine wake and turbine-turbine interaction research, identifying knowledge and data gaps that the proposed test site can potentially fill. A number of turbine layouts is proposed, allowing for up to ten turbines at the site.
Barone, Matthew Franklin; White, Jonathan
20% Wind Energy by 2030 - Chapter 2: Wind Turbine Technology...
20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Wind Program Accomplishments...
Gas turbine cooling system
A gas turbine engine (10) having a closed-loop cooling circuit (39) for transferring heat from the hot turbine section (16) to the compressed air (24) produced by the compressor section (12). The closed-loop cooling system (39) includes a heat exchanger (40) disposed in the flow path of the compressed air (24) between the outlet of the compressor section (12) and the inlet of the combustor (14). A cooling fluid (50) may be driven by a pump (52) located outside of the engine casing (53) or a pump (54) mounted on the rotor shaft (17). The cooling circuit (39) may include an orifice (60) for causing the cooling fluid (50) to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, thereby increasing the heat transfer capacity of the cooling circuit (39).
Bancalari, Eduardo E. (Orlando, FL)
SAR-BASED WIND CLIMATOLOGY FOR WIND TURBINES Merete Bruun Christiansen(1)
SAR-BASED WIND CLIMATOLOGY FOR WIND TURBINES Merete Bruun Christiansen(1) , Charlotte Bay Hasager(1) , Donald Thompson(2) , Lars Boye Hansen(3) (1) Wind Energy Department, Risø National Laboratory, Technical, Denmark ABSTRACT Wind fields extracted from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are used to analyze
Method and apparatus for wind turbine air gap control
Methods and apparatus for assembling a wind turbine generator are provided. The wind turbine generator includes a core and a plurality of stator windings circumferentially spaced about a generator longitudinal axis, a rotor rotatable about the generator longitudinal axis wherein the rotor includes a plurality of magnetic elements coupled to a radially outer periphery of the rotor such that an airgap is defined between the stator windings and the magnetic elements and the plurality of magnetic elements including a radially inner periphery having a first diameter. The wind turbine generator also includes a bearing including a first member in rotatable engagement with a radially inner second member, the first member including a radially outer periphery, a diameter of the radially outer periphery of the first member being substantially equal to the first diameter, the rotor coupled to the stator through the bearing such that a substantially uniform airgap is maintained.
Grant, James Jonathan; Bagepalli, Bharat Sampathkumaran; Jansen, Patrick Lee; DiMascio, Paul Stephen; Gadre, Aniruddha Dattatraya; Qu, Ronghai
Modelling and Analysis of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid
Modelling and Analysis of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid Fault Wind Turbines with Induction Generator during Grid Fault by Sigrid M. Bolik Institute of Energy turbine technology has undergone rapid developments. Growth in size and the optimization of wind turbines
Hansen, René Rydhof
Does the infrasound from wind turbines affect the inner ear? Alec N. Salt1
Does the infrasound from wind turbines affect the inner ear? Alec N. Salt1 1 Washington University turbines adversely affects human health. The unweighted spectrum of wind turbine noise slowly rises (needing over 120 dB SPL to detect 2 Hz) it is claimed that infrasound generated by wind turbines is below
M. Bahrami ENSC 283 (S 11) Wind Turbine Project 1 ENSC 283 Project
and the vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) in Figure 2-b. The designation simply depends on the axis of rotationM. Bahrami ENSC 283 (S 11) Wind Turbine Project 1 ENSC 283 Project Assigned date: Feb. 23, 2011 family), but also important are those which extract energy form the fluid such as turbines. Wind turbines
Bahrami, Majid
RIS0-M-2242 ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE GEDSER WIND TURBINE 1977-1979 P. Lundsager, S. Frandsen, C on the data from the Gedser wind turbine measurements, made during 1977 to 1979. The report contains chap turbine with modern Danish, Swedish and American experimental wind turbines, based on published data. UDC
a wind turbine�s price is assumed to cover the tower,Wind turbines are material-intensive. Each individual tower,and �towers and lattice masts,� and assume that 100% of the former and 95% of the latter are attributable to wind turbines.
Real-Time Wind Turbine Emulator Suitable for Power Quality and Dynamic Control Studies
1 Real-Time Wind Turbine Emulator Suitable for Power Quality and Dynamic Control Studies Dale S. L. Dolan, Student Member, IEEE, P. W. Lehn, Member IEEE Abstract-- Wind turbines are increasingly becoming-time Wind Turbine Emulator, which emulates the dynamic torque produced by an actual turbine has been
EEMD-based wind turbine bearing failure detection using the generator stator current homopolar component
EEMD-based wind turbine bearing failure detection using the generator stator current homopolar turbine generators for stationary and non stationary cases. Keyword: Wind turbine, induction generator on the installed equipment because they are hardly accessible or even inaccessible [1]. 1.1. Wind turbine failure
Advanced Wind Turbine Program Next Generation Turbine Development Project: June 17, 1997--April 30, 2005
This document reports the technical results of the Next Generation Turbine Development Project conducted by GE Wind Energy LLC. This project is jointly funded by GE and the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.The goal of this project is for DOE to assist the U.S. wind industry in exploring new concepts and applications of cutting-edge technology in pursuit of the specific objective of developing a wind turbine that can generate electricity at a levelized cost of energy of $0.025/kWh at sites with an average wind speed of 15 mph (at 10 m height).
GE Wind Energy, LLC
Advanced wind turbine design studies: Advanced conceptual study. Final report
In conjunction with the US Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory`s Advanced Wind Turbine Program, the Atlantic Orient Corporation developed preliminary designs for the next generation of wind turbines. These 50 kW and 350 kW turbines are based upon the concept of simplicity. By adhering to a design philosophy that emphasizes simplicity, we project that these turbines will produce energy at extremely competitive rates which will unlock the potential of wind energy domestically and internationally. The program consisted of three distinct phases. First, we evaluated the operational history of the Enertech 44 series wind turbines. As a result of this evaluation, we developed, in the second phase, a preliminary design for a new 50 kW turbine for the near-term market. In the third phase, we took a clean-sheet-of-paper approach to designing a 350 kW turbine focused on the mid-1990s utility market that incorporated past experience and advanced technology.
Hughes, P.; Sherwin, R. [Atlantic Orient Corp., Norwich, VT (United States)] [Atlantic Orient Corp., Norwich, VT (United States)
Integrated Wind Energy/Desalination System: October 11, 2004 -- July 29, 2005
This study investigates the feasibility of multiple concepts for integrating wind turbines and reverse osmosis desalination systems for water purification.
GE Global Research
EFFECTS OF TOUGHENED MATRIX RESINS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES by Ricardo Orozco turbine energy project. #12;v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES
EVALUATION OF HAND LAY-UP AND RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING IN COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE BLADE MANUFACTURING..........................................................................................................1 Hand Lay-up in Turbine Blade Fabrication
Vibration and Structural Response of Hybrid Wind Turbine Blades
sources. Wind energy is capable of providing 72 TW (TW = 10^12 W) of electric power, which is approximately four and half times the world energy consumption of 15.8 TW as reported in 2006. Since power output extracted from wind turbines is proportional...
Nanami, Norimichi
Review of Wind Turbine Wake Models and Future Directions (Presentation)
This presentation gives a brief overview to wind turbine wake modeling, ranging from models used in the 1980s up to the present. The presentation shows the strengths and weaknesses of various models and discusses the needs of the wind energy industry and research sectors. Both power production and loads analysis are discussed.
Churchfield, M. J.
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Fatigue tests of wind turbine blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Fatigue tests of wind turbine blades Flapwise fatigue tests of 3 blades wind load. By turning and oscillating the blade in the horzontal direction, an R-ratio of �1 running at the Spark�r Centre Blade Test Facilities. Fatigue blade tests are performed in order
Sparkr Blade Test Centre Static tests of wind turbine blades
Spark�r Blade Test Centre Static tests of wind turbine blades Static blade tests are performed-4000 Roskilde Denmark www.risoe.dk Wind Energy Department Spark�r Blade test Centre email@example.com Tel in order to determine the structural properties of a blade including stiffness data and strain distribution
Virtual Models for Prediction of Wind Turbine Parameters
Abstract�In this paper, a data-driven methodology for the development of virtual models of a wind turbine is presented. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, two parameters of the wind turbine have been selected for modeling, namely, power output and rotor speed. A virtual model for each of the two parameters is developed and tested with data collected at a wind farm. Both models consider controllable and noncontrollable parameters of the wind turbine, as well as the delay effect of wind speed and other parameters. To mitigate data bias of each virtual model and ensure its robustness, a training set is assembled from ten randomly selected turbines. The performance of a virtual model is largely determined by the input parameters selected and the data mining algorithms used to extract the model. Several data mining algorithms for parameter selection and model extraction are analyzed. The research presented in the paper is illustrated with computational results. Index Terms�Data mining, parameter selection, power prediction, virtual model, wind turbine. I.
Andrew Kusiak
Project Title: Residential wind turbine design Project Description: This project aims to
that wind is expected to come. Therefore it may be a good idea to consider a vertical-axis wind turbine of the conventional wind turbines use horizontal- axis configuration (see Fig. 1) and is aligned with the directionPROJECT 1: Project Title: Residential wind turbine design Project Description: This project aims
Muradoglu, Metin
Coriolis Effect on Dynamic Stall in a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at Moderate Reynolds Number
axis wind turbines (VAWT) offer several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), namely to yaw wind direction (because they are omnidirectional), and their increased power output in skewed flowCoriolis Effect on Dynamic Stall in a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at Moderate Reynolds Number Hsieh
Colonius, Tim
An Experimental Investigation on the Wake Interference of Wind Turbines Sited Over Complex Terrains
1 An Experimental Investigation on the Wake Interference of Wind Turbines Sited Over Complex, 50011 An experimental study was conducted to investigate the interferences of wind turbines sited over conducted in a large wind tunnel with of wind turbine models sited over a flat terrain (baseline case
Management and Conservation Article Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines
Management and Conservation Article Behavioral Responses of Bats to Operating Wind Turbines JASON W used thermal infrared (TIR) cameras to assess the flight behavior of bats at wind turbines because fatalities, migratory tree bats, thermal infrared imaging, wind power, wind turbines. Recent studies indicate
Holberton, Rebecca L.
Mitigation of Fatigue Loads Using Individual Pitch Control of Wind Turbines Based on FAST
Mitigation of Fatigue Loads Using Individual Pitch Control of Wind Turbines Based on FAST Yunqian University, China firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-With the increase of wind turbine dimension and capacity, the wind turbine structures are subjected to prominent loads and fatigue which would reduce the lifetime of wind
Hilbert Transform-Based Bearing Failure Detection in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines
Hilbert Transform-Based Bearing Failure Detection in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Yassine Amirat1 and proactive maintenance of wind turbines assumes more importance with the increasing number of installed wind current sensors installed within the wind turbine generator. This paper describes then an approach based
OF WIND TURBINES Benjamin Rocher1,2 , Franck Schoefs1 , Marc François1 , Arnaud Salou2 1 LUNAM Université.email@example.com ABSTRACT Due to both wave and wind fluctuation, the metal foundations of offshore wind turbines are highly algorithm. KEYWORDS: Fatigue, Damage, Reliability, Bayesian updating. INTRODUCTION In offshore wind turbines
Ris-R-1000(EN) Cost Optimization of Wind Turbines for
Risø-R-1000(EN) Cost Optimization of Wind Turbines for Large-scale Off-shore Wind Farms Peter contains a preliminary investigation of site specific design of off- shore wind turbines for a large off using a design tool for wind turbines that involve numerical optimization and aeroelastic calculations
Dynamic control of wind turbines Andrew Kusiak*, Wenyan Li, Zhe Song
Dynamic control of wind turbines Andrew Kusiak*, Wenyan Li, Zhe Song Department of Mechanical Keywords: Wind turbine Wind energy Data mining Model predictive control Evolutionary computation algorithm Control strategy optimization a b s t r a c t The paper presents an intelligent wind turbine control
Time-domain Fatigue Response and Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines with
Time-domain Fatigue Response and Reliability Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbines with Emphasis of offshore wind turbines Defense: 09.12.2012 2012 - : Structural Engineer in Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 2007 of the drive train of an on-land wind turbine under dynamic wind loads. The main tasks of this study are to
Ris-R-Report Grid fault and design-basis for wind turbines -
Risø-R-Report Grid fault and design-basis for wind turbines - Final report Anca D. Hansen, Nicolaos and design-basis for wind turbines - Final report Division: Wind Energy Division Risø-R-1714(EN) January 2010-basis for wind turbines". The objective of this project has been to assess and analyze the consequences
Performance Testing of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine , S. Tullis2
Performance Testing of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine R. Bravo1 , S. Tullis2 , S. Ziada3 of electric production [1]. Although most performance testing for small-scale wind turbines is conducted vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) in urban settings, full-scale wind tunnel testing of a prototype 3.5 k
A Summary of the Fatigue Properties of Wind Turbine Materials
Modern wind turbines are fatigue critical machines that are typically used to produce electrical power from the wind. The materials used to construct these machines are subjected to a unique loading spectrum that contains several orders of magnitude more cycles than other fatigue critical structures, e.g., an airplane. To facilitate fatigue designs, a large database of material properties has been generated over the past several years that is specialized to materials typically used in wind turbines. In this paper, I review these fatigue data. Major sections are devoted to the properties developed for wood, metals (primarily aluminum) and fiberglass. Special emphasis is placed on the fiberglass discussion because this material is current the material of choice for wind turbine blades. The paper focuses on the data developed in the U.S., but cites European references that provide important insights.
Application of Damage Detection Techniques Using Wind Turbine Modal Data
As any structure ages, its structural characteristics will also change. The goal of this work was to determine if modal response data fkom a wind turbine could be used in the detection of damage. The input stimuli to the wind turbine were from traditional modal hammer input and natural wind excitation. The structural response data was acquired using accelerometers mounted on the rotor of a parked and undamaged horizontal-axis wind turbine. The bolts at the root of one of the three blades were then loosened to simulate a damaged blade. The structural response data of the rotor was again recorded. The undamaged and damage-simulated datasets were compared using existing darnage detection algorithms. Also, a novel algorithm for combining the results of different damage detection algorithms was utilized in the assessment of the data. This paper summarizes the code development and discusses some preliminary damage detection results.
Gross, E.; Rumsey, M.; Simmermacher, T.; Zadoks, R.I.
The effect of high penetration of wind power on primary frequency control of power systems.
??In this work, a power system with wind power units and hydro power units are considered. The hydro power unit and variable speed wind turbine� (more)
Motamed, Bardia
Design and performance evaluation of a unity power factor converter for wind energy conversion systems.
??Wind turbine driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG) find increasing applications due to their numerous advantages. Small scale stand-alone wind energy systems are receiving considerable� (more)
Nirnaya Sarangan.
only self-reported wind and turbine sound levels were used.Noise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighbor Annoyance: ANoise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighbor Annoyance: A
of Reduced Noise Operations of Wind Turbines on Neighborof Reduced Noise Operations of Wind Turbines on NeighborWind Speed (m/s) 3 Turbines (in operation at the time) Noise
Methods and apparatus for cooling wind turbine generators
A wind turbine generator includes a stator having a core and a plurality of stator windings circumferentially spaced about a generator longitudinal axis. A rotor is rotatable about the generator longitudinal axis, and the rotor includes a plurality of magnetic elements coupled to the rotor and cooperating with the stator windings. The magnetic elements are configured to generate a magnetic field and the stator windings are configured to interact with the magnetic field to generate a voltage in the stator windings. A heat pipe assembly thermally engaging one of the stator and the rotor to dissipate heat generated in the stator or rotor.
Salamah, Samir A. (Niskayuna, NY); Gadre, Aniruddha Dattatraya (Rexford, NY); Garg, Jivtesh (Schenectady, NY); Bagepalli, Bharat Sampathkumaran (Niskayuna, NY); Jansen, Patrick Lee (Alplaus, NY); Carl, Jr., Ralph James (Clifton Park, NY)
Acoustic Array Development for Wind Turbine Noise Characterization
This report discusses the design and use of a multi-arm, logarithmic spiral acoustic array by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for measurement and characterization of wind turbine-generated noise. The array was developed in collaboration with a team from the University of Colorado Boulder. This design process is a continuation of the elliptical array design work done by Simley. A description of the array system design process is presented, including array shape design, mechanical design, design of electronics and the data acquisition system, and development of post-processing software. System testing and calibration methods are detailed. Results from the initial data acquisition campaign are offered and discussed. Issues faced during this initial deployment of the array are presented and potential remedies discussed.
Buck, S.; Roadman, J.; Moriarty, P.; Palo, S.
Analysis of wind turbine vibrations based on SCADA data
Vibrations of a wind turbine have a negative impact on its performance. Mitigating this undesirable impact requires knowledge of the relationship between the vibrations and other wind turbine parameters that could be potentially modified. Three approaches for ranking the impact importance of measurable turbine parameters on the vibrations of the drive train and the tower are discussed. They include the predictor importance analysis, the global sensitivity analysis, and the correlation coefficient analysis versed in data mining and statistics. To decouple the impact of wind speed on the vibrations of the drive train and the tower, the analysis is performed on data sets with narrow speed ranges. Wavelet analysis is applied to filter noisy accelerometer data. To exclude the impact malfunctions on the vibration analysis, the data are analyzed in a frequency domain. Data-mining algorithms are used to build models with turbine parameters of interest as inputs, and the vibrations of drive train and tower as outputs. The performance of each model is thoroughly evaluated based on metrics widely used in the wind industry. The neural network algorithm outperforms other classifiers and is considered to be the most promising approach to study wind turbine vibrations. ?DOI: 10.1115/1.4001461?
Andrew Kusiak; Zijun Zhang
Modelling of offshore wind turbine wakes with the wind farm program FLaP
Modelling of offshore wind turbine wakes with the wind farm program FLaP Bernhard Lange(1) , Hans been extended to improve the description of wake development in offshore conditions, especially the low from the Danish offshore wind farm Vindeby. Vertical wake profiles and mean turbulence intensities
Multi-Body Unsteady Aerodynamics in 2D Applied to aVertical-Axis Wind Turbine Using a Vortex Method.
?? Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have many advantages over traditional Horizontalaxis wind turbines (HAWT).One of the more severe problem of VAWTs are the complicated� (more)
�sterberg, David
Simulation of winds as seen by a rotating vertical axis wind turbine blade
The objective of this report is to provide turbulent wind analyses relevant to the design and testing of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). A technique was developed for utilizing high-speed turbulence wind data from a line of seven anemometers at a single level to simulate the wind seen by a rotating VAWT blade. Twelve data cases, representing a range of wind speeds and stability classes, were selected from the large volume of data available from the Clayton, New Mexico, Vertical Plane Array (VPA) project. Simulations were run of the rotationally sampled wind speed relative to the earth, as well as the tangential and radial wind speeds, which are relative to the rotating wind turbine blade. Spectral analysis is used to compare and assess wind simulations from the different wind regimes, as well as from alternate wind measurement techniques. The variance in the wind speed at frequencies at or above the blade rotation rate is computed for all cases, and is used to quantitatively compare the VAWT simulations with Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) simulations. Qualitative comparisons are also made with direct wind measurements from a VAWT blade.
George, R.L.
Quiet airfoils for small and large wind turbines
Thick airfoil families with desirable aerodynamic performance with minimal airfoil induced noise. The airfoil families are suitable for a variety of wind turbine designs and are particularly well-suited for use with horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) with constant or variable speed using pitch and/or stall control. In exemplary embodiments, a first family of three thick airfoils is provided for use with small wind turbines and second family of three thick airfoils is provided for use with very large machines, e.g., an airfoil defined for each of three blade radial stations or blade portions defined along the length of a blade. Each of the families is designed to provide a high maximum lift coefficient or high lift, to exhibit docile stalls, to be relatively insensitive to roughness, and to achieve a low profile drag.
Tangler, James L. (Boulder, CO); Somers, Dan L. (Port Matilda, PA)
Adaptive pitch control for variable speed wind turbines
An adaptive method for adjusting blade pitch angle, and controllers implementing such a method, for achieving higher power coefficients. Average power coefficients are determined for first and second periods of operation for the wind turbine. When the average power coefficient for the second time period is larger than for the first, a pitch increment, which may be generated based on the power coefficients, is added (or the sign is retained) to the nominal pitch angle value for the wind turbine. When the average power coefficient for the second time period is less than for the first, the pitch increment is subtracted (or the sign is changed). A control signal is generated based on the adapted pitch angle value and sent to blade pitch actuators that act to change the pitch angle of the wind turbine to the new or modified pitch angle setting, and this process is iteratively performed.
Johnson, Kathryn E. (Boulder, CO); Fingersh, Lee Jay (Westminster, CO)
Low Wind Speed Turbine Development Project Report: November 4, 2002 - December 31, 2006
This report summarizes work conducted by Clipper Windpower under the DOE Low Wind Speed Turbine project. The objective of this project was to produce a wind turbine that can lower the cost of energy.
Mikhail, A.
Small Wind Turbines Taking Off: Q&A with Andy Kruse | Department...
Small Wind Turbines Taking Off: Q&A with Andy Kruse Small Wind Turbines Taking Off: Q&A with Andy Kruse June 9, 2010 - 10:36am Addthis Andy Kruse, senior vice president of...
Influence of Control on the Pitch Damping of a Floating Wind Turbine
This paper presents the influence of conventional wind turbine blade-pitch control actions on the pitch damping of a wind turbine supported by an offshore floating barge with catenary moorings.
Jonkman, J. M.
Coordination of Voltage and Frequency Feedback in Load-Frequency Control Capability of Wind Turbine
Coordination of Voltage and Frequency Feedback in Load-Frequency Control Capability of Wind Turbine-Frequency Control (LFC) is gradually shifted to Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs). In order to equip VSWT
Silva, Filipe Faria Da
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