text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Flow Duration Curve Load Duration Curve
E-Print Network [OSTI]
#12;Flow Duration Curve Load Duration Curve #12;1. Develop Flow Duration Curve 2. Estimate load given flow and concentration data--select appropriate conversion factors 3. Develop Load Duration Curve 4. Plot observed data with Load Duration Curve #12;What are they? How do you make one? #12;Describes
Flow Duration Curve Load Duration Curve 1. Develop Flow Duration Curve 2. Estimate load given flow and concentration data--select appropriate conversion factors 3. Develop Load Duration Curve 4. Plot observed data with Load Duration Curve What are they? How do you make one? Describes the percent of time a flow rate
Alternative wind power modeling methods using chronological and load duration curve production cost models
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
As an intermittent resource, capturing the temporal variation in windpower is an important issue in the context of utility production cost modeling. Many of the production cost models use a method that creates a cumulative probability distribution that is outside the time domain. The purpose of this report is to examine two production cost models that represent the two major model types: chronological and load duration cure models. This report is part of the ongoing research undertaken by the Wind Technology Division of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in utility modeling and wind system integration.
Milligan, M R
Simultaneous confidence bands in curve prediction applied to load curves
Simultaneous confidence bands in curve prediction applied to load curves J.M. Aza¨is1, S. Bercu2, J, load curve. 1 Introduction In curve prediction, one is generally interested in deriving simultaneous this technique in the numerical context of load curve pre- diction: power producers like EDF, the electrical
Boyer, Edmond
Classification and forecasting of load curves Nolwen Huet
Classification and forecasting of load curves Nolwen Huet Abstract The load curve, which gives of electricity customer uses. This load curve is only available for customers with automated meter reading. For the others, EDF must estimate this curve. Usually a clustering of the load curves is performed, followed
Cuesta, Juan Antonio
Determination of the Price-Load Curve by Using Smoothing Splines Under Tension
Determination of the Price-Load Curve by Using Smoothing Splines Under Tension Master Thesis 4.2. Price-Load Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4 load and price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5. Merit order curve with operating
The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the required minimum burnup as a function of initial boiling water reactor (BWR) assembly enrichment that would permit loading of spent nuclear fuel into the 44 BWR waste package configuration as provided in Attachment IV. This calculation is an application of the methodology presented in ''Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report'' (YMP 2003). The scope of this calculation covers a range of enrichments from 0 through 5.0 weight percent (wt%) U-235, and a burnup range of 0 through 40 GWd/MTU. This activity supports the validation of the use of burnup credit for commercial spent nuclear fuel applications. The intended use of these results will be in establishing BWR waste package configuration loading specifications. Limitations of this evaluation are as follows: (1) The results are based on burnup credit for actinides and selected fission products as proposed in YMP (2003, Table 3-1) and referred to as the ''Principal Isotopes''. Any change to the isotope listing will have a direct impact on the results of this report. (2) The results of 100 percent of the current BWR projected waste stream being able to be disposed of in the 44-BWR waste package with Ni-Gd Alloy absorber plates is contingent upon the referenced waste stream being sufficiently similar to the waste stream received for disposal. (3) The results are based on 1.5 wt% Gd in the Ni-Gd Alloy material and having no tuff inside the waste package. If the Gd loading is reduced or a process to introduce tuff inside the waste package is defined, then this report would need to be reevaluated based on the alternative materials.
J.M. Scaglione
An Appliance-driven Approach to Detection of Corrupted Load Curve Data
An Appliance-driven Approach to Detection of Corrupted Load Curve Data Guoming Tang1,3 , Kui email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com ABSTRACT Load curve data in power systems refers to users discov- ered in the data. Load curve data, however, usually suffers from corruptions caused by various
Pei, Jian
Fatigue threshold R-curves for predicting reliability of ceramics under cyclic loading
Fatigue threshold R-curves for predicting reliability of ceramics under cyclic loading J.J. Kruzic for the prediction of reliability in bridging ceramics under cyclic loading conditions based on a fatigue threshold R-curve threshold R-curve may express this crack-size dependence, analogous to the traditional fracture toughness R-curve
Ritchie, Robert
The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the required minimum burnup as a function of initial pressurized water reactor (PWR) assembly enrichment that would permit loading of spent nuclear fuel into the 21 PWR waste package with absorber plates design as provided in Attachment IV. This calculation is an example of the application of the methodology presented in the ''Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report'' (YMP 2003). The scope of this calculation covers a range of enrichments from 0 through 5.0 weight percent U-235, and a burnup range of 0 through 45 GWd/MTU. Higher burnups were not necessary because 45 GWd/MTU was high enough for the loading curve determination. This activity supports the validation of the use of burnup credit for commercial spent nuclear fuel applications. The intended use of these results will be in establishing PWR waste package configuration loading specifications. Limitations of this evaluation are as follows: (1) The results are based on burnup credit for actinides and selected fission products as proposed in YMP (2003, Table 3-1) and referred to as the ''Principal Isotopes''. Any change to the isotope listing will have a direct impact on the results of this report. (2) The results are based on 1.5 wt% Gd in the Ni-Gd Alloy material and having no tuff inside the waste package. If the Gd loading is reduced or a process to introduce tuff inside the waste package is defined, then this report would need to be reevaluated based on the alternative materials. This calculation is subject to the ''Quality Assurance Requirements and Description'' (QARD) (DOE 2004) because it concerns engineered barriers that are included in the ''Q-List'' (BSC 2004k, Appendix A) as items important to safety and waste isolation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2013 2347 Load Curve Data Cleansing and Imputation Via
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO. 4, DECEMBER 2013 2347 Load Curve Data Cleansing load curve data corroborate the convergence and effectiveness of the novel D-PCP algorithm. Index Terms--Advanced metering infrastructure, distributed al- gorithms, load curve cleansing and imputation, principal compo
Giannakis, Georgios
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 1, NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2010 213 Automated Load Curve Data Cleansing
planning [1]. Two key features in the global vision of smart grid [2] are self-healing from powerIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 1, NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 2010 213 Automated Load Curve Data of valid load curve data is critical for supporting decision making in a smart grid system. For example
Wang, Ke
An alternative to the determination of the effective zero point in instrumented indentation: use of the slope of the indentation curve at indentation load values
of the slope of the indentation curve at indentation load values P. Brammer1,2,* , O. Bartier1 , X. Hernot1 , G on instrumented indentation rely on the knowledge of the indentation load-penetration depth curve corresponding which is based on the slope of the indentation curve at indentation load values and provides accurate
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Load Management for Industry
In the electric utility industry, load management provides the opportunity to control customer loads to beneficially alter a utility's load curve Load management alternatives are covered. Load management methods can be broadly classified into four...
Konsevick, W. J., Jr.
Deployment of CCS Technologies across the Load Curve for a Competitive Electricity Market as a Function of CO2 Emissions Permit Prices
Consistent with other published studies, the modelling presented here reveals that baseload power plants are the first aspects of the electricity sector to decarbonize and are essentially decarbonized once CO2 permit prices exceed a certain threshold ($90/ton CO2 in this study). The decarbonization of baseload electricity is met by significant expansions of nuclear power and renewable energy generation technologies as well as the application of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies applied to both coal and natural gas fired power plants. Relatively little attention has been paid thus far to whether intermediate and peaking units would respond the same way to a climate policy given the very different operational and economic context that these kinds of electricity generation units operate under. In this paper, the authors discuss key aspects of the load segmentation methodology used to imbed a varying electricity demand within the GCAM (a state-of-the-art Integrated Assessment Model) energy and economic modelling framework and present key results on the role CCS technologies could play in decarbonizng subpeak and peak generation (encompassing only the top 10% of the load) and under what conditions. To do this, the authors have modelled two hypothetical climate policies that require 50% and 80% reductions in US emissions from business as usual by the middle of this century. Intermediate electricity generation is virtually decarbonized once carbon prices exceed approximately $150/tonCO2. When CO2 permit prices exceed $160/tonCO2, natural gas power plants with CCS have roughly the same marketshare as conventional gas plants in serving subpeak loads. The penetration of CCS into peak load (upper 6% here) is minimal under the scenarios modeled here suggesting that CO2 emissions from this aspect of the U.S. electricity sector would persist well into the future even with stringent CO2 emission control policies in place.
Luckow, Patrick; Wise, Marshall A.; Dooley, James J.
Conservation Screening Curves to Compare Efficiency Investments to Power Plants
methodology to compare supply and demand-side resources. The screening curve approach supplements with load curve approach supplements with load shape information the data contained in a supply curve of conservedLBL-27286 Conservation Screening Curves to Compare Efficiency Investments to Power Plants Jonathan
contingency Nominal loading margin
is estimated. First a nose curve is computed by continuation to obtain a nominal loading margin. Then linear and the very fast computation of the linear estimates. Keywords: Power system security, contingency analy- sis formulas derived in [4]. The computations are summarized: 1 A pattern of load increase, generator dispatch
Learning Curve
Broader source: Directives, Delegations, and Requirements [Office of Management (MA)]
It is a fundamental human characteristic that a person engaged in a repetitive task will improve his performance over time. If data are gathered on this phenomenon, a curve representing a decrease in effort per unit for repetitive operations can be developed. This phenomenon is real and has a specific application in cost analysis, cost estimating, or profitability studies related to the examination of future costs and confidence levels in an analysis. This chapter discusses the development and application of the learning curve.
Heat storage duration
Both the amount and duration of heat storage in massive elements of a passive building are investigated. Data taken for one full winter in the Balcomb solar home are analyzed with the aid of sub-system simulation models. Heat storage duration is tallied into one-day intervals. Heat storage location is discussed and related to overall energy flows. The results are interpreted and conclusions drawn.
Balcomb, J.D.
Seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
Seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings A Dissertation Submitted in Partial dissertation entitled "Seismic fragility curves for reinforced concrete frame and wall- frame buildings. Buildings designed for seismic loading, and buildings designed only for gravity loads, are considered
Spacefilling curves for 2simplicial meshes created with bisections and reflections
computational 2meshes which can be very e#ciently loadbalanced with the use of a spacefilling curve. Keywords: Grid generation, space filling curve, load balancing Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 65M the elements in curvetraversal order, and the required loadbalance redistribution amounts to a possible
Eindhoven, Technische Universiteit
Dynamic Load Balancing of Virtualized Database Services Using Hints and Load
server during runtime. Figure 1 shows the load curve of a typical interactive service. In the morningDynamic Load Balancing of Virtualized Database Services Using Hints and Load Forecasting Daniel-organizing infrastructures to react proactively. For this pur- pose we present two techniques: Short-term load forecasting
Kemper, Alfons
and conducted. Overall, 36 participants operated a digital nuclear power plant control workstation simulation In the United States, a major effort is underway to modernize existing nuclear power plants and their control rooms, as well as design new, advanced nuclear power plants. Current control rooms for nuclear power
Cummings, Mary "Missy"
Long duration ash probe
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A long duration ash probe includes a pressure shell connected to a port in a combustor with a sample coupon mounted on a retractable carriage so as to retract the sample coupon within the pressure shell during soot blowing operation of the combustor. A valve mounted at the forward end of the pressure shell is selectively closeable to seal the sample coupon within the shell, and a heating element in the shell is operable to maintain the desired temperature of the sample coupon while retracted within the shell. The carriage is operably mounted on a pair of rails within the shell for longitudinal movement within the shell. A hollow carrier tube connects the hollow cylindrical sample coupon to the carriage, and extends through the carriage and out the rearward end thereof. Air lines are connected to the rearward end of the carrier tube and are operable to permit coolant to pass through the air lines and thence through the carrier tube to the sample coupon so as to cool the sample coupon. 8 figs.
Hurley, J.P.; McCollor, D.P.; Selle, S.J.
A long duration ash probe includes a pressure shell connected to a port in a combustor with a sample coupon mounted on a retractable carriage so as to retract the sample coupon within the pressure shell during sootblowing operation of the combustor. A valve mounted at the forward end of the pressure shell is selectively closeable to seal the sample coupon within the shell, and a heating element in the shell is operable to maintain the desired temperature of the sample coupon while retracted within the shell. The carriage is operably mounted on a pair of rails within the shell for longitudinal movement within the shell. A hollow carrier tube connects the hollow cylindrical sample coupon to the carriage, and extends through the carriage and out the rearward end thereof. Air lines are connected to the rearward end of the carrier tube and are operable to permit coolant to pass through the air lines and thence through the carrier tube to the sample coupon so as to cool the sample coupon.
Hurley, John P. (Grand Forks, ND); McCollor, Don P. (Grand Forks, ND); Selle, Stanley J. (Grand Forks, MN)
email@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Load Analyzer a Software Tool for Load Data Analysis
. The Reliability Decision Management System (RDMS) at BC Hydro consists of data models such as a load curve model, which comprises minute-based metering data of individual loads and hourly load curve data of each] at BC Hydro consists of data models such as a load curve model, which comprises minute-based metering
Discharge indices for water quality loads Richard M. Vogel
: effective discharge, transport, sediment, constituents, rating curve, half-load Citation: Vogel, R. M., J. RDischarge indices for water quality loads Richard M. Vogel Department of Civil and Environmental load is ultimately the quantity of interest, we define a new index, the half-load discharge, which
Vogel, Richard M.
192 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, VOL. 4, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013 Monitoring Wind Farms With Performance Curves
to varying loads, which in turn lead to wind turbine faults, e.g., spalled bearings and fractured gears--Three different operational curves--the power curve, rotor curve, and blade pitch curve--are presented the reference curves of wind power, rotor speed, and blade pitch angle, with wind speed as an input variable
Kusiak, Andrew
Curricular internship Timing and Duration
1 Art.1 Curricular internship Art.2 Objectives Art.3 Timing and Duration Art.4 Choice of Employer Art.5 Pertinence of the internship Art.6 Internship Search GRADUATE INTERNSHIP GUIDELINES Faculties training or work experience, herein referred to as `internship', is one of the graduation requirements. 2
Krause, Rolf
Automatic generation and analysis of solar cell IV curves
A photovoltaic system includes multiple strings of solar panels and a device presenting a DC load to the strings of solar panels. Output currents of the strings of solar panels may be sensed and provided to a computer that generates current-voltage (IV) curves of the strings of solar panels. Output voltages of the string of solar panels may be sensed at the string or at the device presenting the DC load. The DC load may be varied. Output currents of the strings of solar panels responsive to the variation of the DC load are sensed to generate IV curves of the strings of solar panels. IV curves may be compared and analyzed to evaluate performance of and detect problems with a string of solar panels.
Kraft, Steven M.; Jones, Jason C.
Plug Load
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 - September 2006Photovoltaic Theory andVelocityPlatinum-LoadingPlug-Load Sign In
Crude oil supply curves
Short-run cost curves shift over time as depletion counters increasing knowledge. Under competition, a rightward (leftward) shift indicates lower (higher) cost and greater (lesser) productivity. A simple coefficient captures ...
Adelman, Morris Albert
A Comparison of Load Balancing Algorithms for AMR Qingyu Meng, Justin Luitjens, Martin Berzins
that we implemented a better new space-curve filling load balancing algorithm comparing to Zoltan Load1 A Comparison of Load Balancing Algorithms for AMR in Uintah Qingyu Meng, Justin Luitjens, Martin 84112 USA October 27, 2008 Abstract: This technical report discussed load balancing algorithms for AMR
Utah, University of
Extinction curves in AGN
The presence of the dust in the circumnuclear region strongly affects our view of the nucleus itself. The effect is strong in type 2 objects but weaker effect is likely to be present in type 1 objects as well. In these objects a correction to the observed optical/UV spectrum must be done in order to recover the intrinsic spectrum of a nucleus. The approach based on the extinction curve is convenient for that purpose so significant effort has been recently done in order to determine the extinction curve for the circumnuclear material. It seems clear that the circumnuclear dust is different from the average properties of the dust in the Interstellar Medium in our galaxy: the well known 2175 A feature is weak or absent in AGN nuclear dust, and the extinction curve at shorter wavelength does not seem to be rising as steeply. The circumnuclear dust is therefore more similar to SMC dust, or more likely, to the dust in very dense molecular clouds in our Galaxy. However, the exact shape of the extinction curve in the far UV is still a matter of debate, and various effects are difficult to disentangle.
B. Czerny
Connecting curves for dynamical systems
We introduce one dimensional sets to help describe and constrain the integral curves of an $n$ dimensional dynamical system. These curves provide more information about the system than the zero-dimensional sets (fixed points) do. In fact, these curves pass through the fixed points. Connecting curves are introduced using two different but equivalent definitions, one from dynamical systems theory, the other from differential geometry. We describe how to compute these curves and illustrate their properties by showing the connecting curves for a number of dynamical systems.
R. Gilmore; Jean-Marc Ginoux; Timothy Jones; C. Letellier; U. S. Freitas
Evolution of the Upper Rhone River discharge and suspended sediment load during the last 80 years
Versoix, Switzerland Key words: Sediment rating curve, sediment load, dam, deep water lake. ABSTRACTEvolution of the Upper Rhone River discharge and suspended sediment load during the last 80 years in amplitude and frequency. From the available literature data, sediment rating curves have been calculated
Gilli, Adrian
Impact load mitigation in sandwich beams using local resonators
Dynamic response of sandwich beams with resonators embedded in the cores subjected to impact loads is studied. Using finite element models the effectiveness of various local resonator frequencies under a given impact load is compared to the behavior of an equivalent mass beam. It is shown that addition of appropriately chosen local resonators into the sandwich beam is an effective method of improving its flexural bending behavior under impact loads. The effect of a given local resonance frequency under different impact load durations is also studied. It is demonstrated that the choice of appropriate local resonance frequency depends on the impact duration. Further, by performing transverse impact experiments, the finite element models are verified and the advantage of using internal resonators under impact loading conditions is demonstrated.
Sharma, B
A Probabilistic Graphical Approach to Computing Electricity Price Duration Curves under Price and
marginal price or an option contract on energy at a given strike price will be "in the money", i to price energy call options and generation capacity and to evaluate the inframarginal profit whether the plant will be able, on average, to recover its amortized fixed cost. The pricing of energy
Oren, Shmuel S.
Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting
Pushing Typists Back on the Learning Curve: Revealing Chunking in Skilled Typewriting Motonori in perception, and Experiment 2 manip- ulated concurrent memory load to reveal chunking in short-term memory
Logan, Gordon D.
Some fraction of the material ejected in a core collapse supernova explosion may remain bound to the compact remnant, and eventually turn around and fall back. We show that the late time ({approx}>days) power potentially associated with the accretion of this 'fallback' material could significantly affect the optical light curve, in some cases producing super-luminous or otherwise peculiar supernovae. We use spherically symmetric hydrodynamical models to estimate the accretion rate at late times for a range of progenitor masses and radii and explosion energies. The accretion rate onto the proto-neutron star or black hole decreases as M-dot {proportional_to}t{sup -5/3} at late times, but its normalization can be significantly enhanced at low explosion energies, in very massive stars, or if a strong reverse shock wave forms at the helium/hydrogen interface in the progenitor. If the resulting super-Eddington accretion drives an outflow which thermalizes in the outgoing ejecta, the supernova debris will be re-energized at a time when photons can diffuse out efficiently. The resulting light curves are different and more diverse than previous fallback supernova models which ignored the input of accretion power and produced short-lived, dim transients. The possible outcomes when fallback accretion power is significant include super-luminous ({approx}> 10{sup 44} erg s{sup -1}) Type II events of both short and long durations, as well as luminous Type I events from compact stars that may have experienced significant mass loss. Accretion power may unbind the remaining infalling material, causing a sudden decrease in the brightness of some long duration Type II events. This scenario may be relevant for explaining some of the recently discovered classes of peculiar and rare supernovae.
Dexter, Jason; Kasen, Daniel, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
Materials Science and Engineering A 423 (2006) 2427 Experimental and computational study on the load-jump tests of AlMg
) comparison of indentation creep curve (ICC) right after load jumping and that for the corresponding constant-load on the load-jump tests of AlMg solidsolution alloy using instrumented indentation technique H. Takagia,, M January 2006 Abstract Constant-load tests and load-jump tests were carried out using a microindenter in Al
Dao, Ming
A peaks-over-threshold analysis of extreme traffic load effects on bridges Franziska Schmidt, Xiao Yi Zhou, Franois Toutlemonde
extreme traffic load or traffic load effect. These are: i. a half-normal curve fitted to the end1 A peaks-over-threshold analysis of extreme traffic load effects on bridges Franziska Schmidt focuses on modeling and estimating tail parameters of bridge traffic load effects by generalized Pareto
Construction of an Informative Hierarchical Prior Distribution: Application to Electricity Load
on the wavelet transform to forecast the load curve seen as a functional-valued autoregressive Hilbertian processConstruction of an Informative Hierarchical Prior Distribution: Application to Electricity Load the methodology to a working model for the electricity load forecasting on both simulated and real datasets, where
ON THE APPLICATION OF LOAD RELAXATION IN CHARACTERIZING SUPERPLASTIC Al-Li 8090
ON THE APPLICATION OF LOAD RELAXATION IN CHARACTERIZING SUPERPLASTIC Al-Li 8090 F. Booeshaghi and H is typically calculated as the slope of the log versus log curve where is the steady state flow stress test, and load relaxation tests. In this paper, the use of the load relaxation experiment to obtain
Garmestani, Hamid
Langevin Equation on Fractal Curves
We analyse a random motion of a particle on a fractal curve, using Langevin approach. This involves defining a new velocity in terms of mass of the fractal curve, as defined in recent work. The geometry of the fractal curve, hence plays an important role in this analysis. A Langevin equation with a particular noise model is thus proposed and solved using techniques of the newly developed $F^\\alpha$-Calculus .
Seema Satin; A. D. Gangal
Volume-Duration-Frequencies for Ungaged Catchments in Texas
-Duration-Frequencies Ungaged Catchments in Texas: Computations of Flood Volumes of Varying Durations and Frequencies for Catchments with Areas Greater than 300 Square Miles) lists the actual flood volumes computed for different duration- frequencies at all rural, unregulated...
Devulapalli, Ravi S.; Valdes, Juan B.
CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Bezier Curves
CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Bezier Curves CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Bezier Curve CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Cubic Bezier Curves · Curve: · Control points · Basis functions: = = 3 0 3 )()( i ii uBpuc ip CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Bezier Curves (degree n) · Curve: · Control points · Basis functions
Hua, Jing
The Daily Duration of Transportation: An Econometric and Sociological Approach
The Daily Duration of Transportation: An Econometric and Sociological Approach Karl Littlejohn. 2007Monte Veritŕ / Ascona, September #12;#12;3 The Daily Duration of Transportation: An Econometric
Random Curves by Conformal Welding
We construct a conformally invariant random family of closed curves in the plane by welding of random homeomorphisms of the unit circle given in terms of the exponential of Gaussian Free Field. We conjecture that our curves are locally related to SLE$(\\kappa)$ for $\\kappa<4$.
Astala, K; Kupiainen, A; Saksman, E
K. Astala; P. Jones; A. Kupiainen; E. Saksman
Short-Duration Simulations from Measurements.
A method is presented that ascribes proper statistical variability to simulations that are derived from longer-duration measurements. This method is applicable to simulations of either real-value or integer-value data. An example is presented that demonstrates the applicability of this technique to the synthesis of gamma-ray spectra.
Mitchell, Dean J.; Enghauser, Michael
Load sensing system
A load sensing system inexpensively monitors the weight and temperature of stored nuclear material for long periods of time in widely variable environments. The system can include an electrostatic load cell that encodes weight and temperature into a digital signal which is sent to a remote monitor via a coaxial cable. The same cable is used to supply the load cell with power. When multiple load cells are used, vast
Sohns, Carl W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Nodine, Robert N. (Knoxville, TN); Wallace, Steven Allen (Knoxville, TN)
Loading margin Stable operating
Linear approximation at p1 Actual loading margin Loadingmargin Parameter p p1 p2 p3 IEEE Transactions collapse. Linear and quadratic estimates to the variation of the loading margin with respect to any sys power support, wheeling, load model param- eters, line susceptance, and generator dispatch. The accuracy
PO. 254 Control of Power Train Loads
Abstract summary Variable loads along the power train are the primary cause attributed to the failure of gears, bearings, and other mechanical components. The concept of anticipatory control applied to a wind power train is presented. This new approach to power train load management is based on the data reflecting the current status of the power train. The model driving the optimization of the power train loads considers four different objectives, including minimization of the torque variability and power maximization. A software tool for power train load management is presented. This new approach to power train load control is based on the data reflecting the current status of the power train. Such data is collected by a typical SCADA system. The model driving the optimization of the power train loads considers four different objectives, including minimization of the torque variability and power maximization. Details of the model that is applicable to different turbines are presented Objectives Goal: Transform a wind a farm into a wind power plant Example objectives: ? Minimization of the torque ramp rate ? Maximization of the power produced ? Maximization of the power quality Modify the shape of the power curve Methods Data mining/Knowledge discovery
Andrew Kusiak
Do We Really Have to Give Forecasting Error
the load curve and the net load curve is used to characterize the value of the capacity. Best-Effort Capacity as A Counterpart of ELCC 7 #12;8 Envelope vs. Load Duration Curve Storage vs. Demand Response Deterministic vs. Statistical? Load Duration Curve can induce an envelope, however, important chronological
Load regulating expansion fixture
A free standing self contained device for bonding ultra thin metallic films, such as 0.001 inch beryllium foils is disclosed. The device will regulate to a predetermined load for solid state bonding when heated to a bonding temperature. The device includes a load regulating feature, whereby the expansion stresses generated for bonding are regulated and self adjusting. The load regulator comprises a pair of friction isolators with a plurality of annealed copper members located therebetween. The device, with the load regulator, will adjust to and maintain a stress level needed to successfully and economically complete a leak tight bond without damaging thin foils or other delicate components. 1 fig.
Wagner, L.M.; Strum, M.J.
A free standing self contained device for bonding ultra thin metallic films, such as 0.001 inch beryllium foils. The device will regulate to a predetermined load for solid state bonding when heated to a bonding temperature. The device includes a load regulating feature, whereby the expansion stresses generated for bonding are regulated and self adjusting. The load regulator comprises a pair of friction isolators with a plurality of annealed copper members located therebetween. The device, with the load regulator, will adjust to and maintain a stress level needed to successfully and economically complete a leak tight bond without damaging thin foils or other delicate components.
Wagner, Lawrence M. (San Jose, CA); Strum, Michael J. (San Jose, CA)
A load sensing system inexpensively monitors the weight and temperature of stored nuclear material for long periods of time in widely variable environments. The system can include an electrostatic load cell that encodes weight and temperature into a digital signal which is sent to a remote monitor via a coaxial cable. The same cable is used to supply the load cell with power. When multiple load cells are used, vast inventories of stored nuclear material can be continuously monitored and inventoried of minimal cost. 4 figs.
Sohns, C.W.; Nodine, R.N.; Wallace, S.A.
The soil reference shrinkage curve
A recently proposed model showed how a clay shrinkage curve is transformed to the soil shrinkage curve at the soil clay content higher than a critical one. The objective of the present work was to generalize this model to the soil clay content lower a critical one. I investigated (i) the reference shrinkage curve, that is, one without cracks; (ii) the superficial layer of aggregates, with changed pore structure compared with the intraaggregate matrix; and (iii) soils with sufficiently low clay content where there are large pores inside the intraaggregate clay (so-called lacunar pores). The methodology is based on detail accounting for different contributions to the soil volume and water content during shrinkage. The key point is the calculation of the lacunar pore volume variance at shrinkage. The reference shrinkage curve is determined by eight physical soil parameters: (1) oven-dried specific volume; (2) maximum swelling water content; (3) mean solid density; (4) soil clay content; (5) oven-dried structural porosity; (6) the ratio of aggregate solid mass to solid mass of intraaggregate matrix; (7) the lacunar factor that characterizes the rate of the lacunar pore volume change with water content; and (8) oven-dried lacunar pore volume. The model was validated using available data. The model predicted value of the slope of the reference shrinkage curve in the basic shrinkage area is equal to unity minus the lacunar factor value, and is between unity and zero in the agreement with observations.
V. Y. Chertkov
16 Load Data Cleansing and Bus Load
-to-day operations, system analysis in smart grids, system visualization, system performance reliability, energy..............................................................................................................397 #12;376 Smart Grids The load forecast generally provides annual peak values for the whole system saving, and accuracy in system planning [14]. * This work is partly supported by a collaborative
Ris-R-Report Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades -
reference wind turbine model is used to investigate the influence of different blade sweep curves studies regarding swept wind turbine blades for pitch controlled turbines have indicated that a flapRisř-R-Report Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades - A Case Study of a 5 MW Pitch Controlled Wind
Scalable Load Distribution and Load Balancing for Dynamic Parallel Programs
shown that the algorithm scales according to the definition of scalability given following. LoadScalable Load Distribution and Load Balancing for Dynamic Parallel Programs E. Berger and J. C of an integrated load distribution-load balancing algorithm which was targeted to be both efficient and scalable
Berger, Emery
Research Report Age effects on load-dependent brain activations in working
Research Report Age effects on load-dependent brain activations in working memory for novel being scanned with bold fMRI. The stimuli in the DIR task consisted of computer-generated closed-curve to the young participants. Spatial patterns of brain activation that corresponded to load-dependent (stimulus
Real-Time Load Elasticity Tracking and Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging
owners may also benefit from lower energy cost in the face of spiking gasoline prices. Although1 Real-Time Load Elasticity Tracking and Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging Nasim Yahya Soltani price intelligently for individual customers to elicit desirable load curves. In this context
Experimental Study on Geocell-Reinforced Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Bases under Static and Cyclic Loading
and to investigate the creep and cyclic behavior of geocell-reinforced RAP bases over rigid subgrade under static loading and over weak subgrade under cyclic loading through laboratory testing respectively. The compaction and CBR curves were obtained for the RAP...
Thakur, Jitendra Kumar
Laser ablation loading of a surface-electrode ion trap
We demonstrate loading by laser ablation of $^{88}$Sr$^+$ ions into a mm-scale surface-electrode ion trap. The laser used for ablation is a pulsed, frequency-tripled Nd:YAG with pulse energies of 1-10 mJ and durations of 3-5 ns. An additional laser is not required to photoionize the ablated material. The efficiency and lifetime of several candidate materials for the laser ablation target are characterized by measuring the trapped ion fluorescence signal for a number of consecutive loads. Additionally, laser ablation is used to load traps with a trap depth (40 meV) below where electron impact ionization loading is typically successful ($\\gtrsim$ 500 meV).
David R. Leibrandt; Robert J. Clark; Jaroslaw Labaziewicz; Paul Antohi; Waseem Bakr; Kenneth R. Brown; Isaac L. Chuang
Load research manual. Volume 3. Load research for advanced technologies
This three-volume manual presents technical guidelines for electric utility load research. Special attention is given to issues raised by the load data reporting requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 and to problems faced by smaller utilities that are initiating load research programs. The manual includes guides to load research literature and glossaries of load research and statistical terms. In Volume 3, special load research procedures are presented for solar, wind, and cogeneration technologies.
Load Monitoring CEC/LMTF Load Research Program
This white paper addresses the needs, options, current practices of load monitoring. Recommendations on load monitoring applications and future directions are also presented.
Huang, Zhenyu; Lesieutre, B.; Yang, Steve; Ellis, A.; Meklin, A.; Wong, B.; Gaikwad, A.; Brooks, D.; Hammerstrom, Donald J.; Phillips, John; Kosterev, Dmitry; Hoffman, M.; Ciniglio, O.; Hartwell, R.; Pourbeik, P.; Maitra, A.; Lu, Ning
Optical conductivity of curved graphene
We compute the optical conductivity for an out-of-plane deformation in graphene using an approach based on solutions of the Dirac equation in curved space. Different examples of periodic deformations along one direction translates into an enhancement of the optical conductivity peaks in the region of the far and mid infrared frequencies for periodicities $\\sim100\\,$nm. The width and position of the peaks can be changed by dialling the parameters of the deformation profiles. The enhancement of the optical conductivity is due to intraband transitions and the translational invariance breaking in the geometrically deformed background. Furthemore, we derive an analytical solution of the Dirac equation in a curved space for a general deformation along one spatial direction. For this class of geometries, it is shown that curvature induces an extra phase in the electron wave function, which can also be explored to produce interference devices of the Aharonov-Bohm type.
A. J. Chaves; T. Frederico; O. Oliveira; W. de Paula; M. C. Santos
Composite Load Model Evaluation
The WECC load modeling task force has dedicated its effort in the past few years to develop a composite load model that can represent behaviors of different end-user components. The modeling structure of the composite load model is recommended by the WECC load modeling task force. GE Energy has implemented this composite load model with a new function CMPLDW in its power system simulation software package, PSLF. For the last several years, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has taken the lead and collaborated with GE Energy to develop the new composite load model. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and BPA joint force and conducted the evaluation of the CMPLDW and test its parameter settings to make sure that: • the model initializes properly, • all the parameter settings are functioning, and • the simulation results are as expected. The PNNL effort focused on testing the CMPLDW in a 4-bus system. An exhaustive testing on each parameter setting has been performed to guarantee each setting works. This report is a summary of the PNNL testing results and conclusions.
Lu, Ning; Qiao, Hong (Amy)
HCCI Load Expansion Opportunities Using a Fully Variable HVA Research Engine to Guide Developments of a Production Intent Cam-Based VVA Engine: The Low Load Limit
While the potential emissions and efficiency benefits of HCCI combustion are well known, realizing the potentials on a production intent engine presents numerous challenges. In this study we focus on identifying challenges and opportunities associated with a production intent cam-based variable valve actuation (VVA) system on a multi-cylinder engine in comparison to a fully flexible, naturally aspirated, hydraulic valve actuation (HVA) system on a single-cylinder engine, with both platforms sharing the same GDI fueling system and engine geometry. The multi-cylinder production intent VVA system uses a 2-step cam technology with wide authority cam phasing, allowing adjustments to be made to the negative valve overlap (NVO) duration but not the valve opening durations. On the single cylinder HVA engine, the valve opening duration and lift are variable in addition to the NVO duration. The content of this paper is limited to the low-medium operating load region at 2000rpm. Using different injection strategies, including the NVO pilot injection approach, the single-cylinder engine is operated over a load range from 160-390 kPa net IMEP at 2000 rpm. Changes to valve opening duration on the single-cylinder HVA engine illustrate opportunities for load expansion and efficiency improvement at certain conditions. For instance, the low load limit can be extended on the HVA engine by reducing breathing and operating closer to a stoichiometric air fuel ratio (AFR) by using valve deactivation. The naturally aspirated engine used here without external EGR confirmed that as operating load increases the emissions of NOx increases due to combustion temperature. NOx emissions are found to be one limitation to the maximum load limitation, the other being high pressure rise rate. It is found that the configuration of the production intent cam-based system represents a good compromise between valve lift and duration in the low to medium load region. Changing the extent of charge motion and breathing via valve deactivation prove beneficial at moderating the pressure rise rate and combustion stability and extending the low load limit at 2000rpm on the HVA engine. It also confirms that strategies using a pilot fuel injection are beneficial at low operating loads but that as operating load is increased, the benefits of multiple injection diminish to the point where a single injection offers the best performance.
Weall, Adam J [ORNL; Szybist, James P [ORNL; Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL; Foster, Matthew [Delphi; Confer, Keith [Delphi; Moore, Wayne [Delphi
HCCI Load Expansion Opportunities using a Fully Variable HVA Research Engine to Guide Development of a Production Intent Cam-based VVA Engine: The Low Load Limit
Weall, Adam J [ORNL] [ORNL; Szybist, James P [ORNL] [ORNL; Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL] [ORNL; Foster, Matthew [Delphi] [Delphi; Confer, Keith [Delphi] [Delphi; Moore, Wayne [Delphi] [Delphi
Generator parameter uncertainties in the frequency-and-duration of cumulative margin events
that if M=O. the indices become the probability and frequency and duration of load loss events. Utilizing a cumulative state model for load and an exact state model for generating capacity, the 1ndices may be computed as follows. P = Z p(X)P (C-X-M) M... X L fM E [p(X)fL(C X M) + EF(X)PL(C X M)] o. = PM~fM where X = possible capacity outage states, p(X) = probability of capacity X on forced outage, EF(X) = equivalent frequency contribution of capacity state X, PL (C-X-M), fL (C-X-M) = probabi...
Tram, Nhat-Hanh
Analysing the form of the confined uniaxial compression curve of various soils
the mechanical impacts of agricultural machinery on soil structure to reduce excessive soil compaction (Alakukku load, tyre dimensions, tyre inflation pressure, and vehicle velocity); (ii) the soil mechanical1 Analysing the form of the confined uniaxial compression curve of various soils Anh-Minh Tang 1
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Wind Energy Management System Integration Project Incorporating Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
The power system balancing process, which includes the scheduling, real time dispatch (load following) and regulation processes, is traditionally based on deterministic models. Since the conventional generation needs time to be committed and dispatched to a desired megawatt level, the scheduling and load following processes use load and wind power production forecasts to achieve future balance between the conventional generation and energy storage on the one side, and system load, intermittent resources (such as wind and solar generation) and scheduled interchange on the other side. Although in real life the forecasting procedures imply some uncertainty around the load and wind forecasts (caused by forecast errors), only their mean values are actually used in the generation dispatch and commitment procedures. Since the actual load and intermittent generation can deviate from their forecasts, it becomes increasingly unclear (especially, with the increasing penetration of renewable resources) whether the system would be actually able to meet the conventional generation requirements within the look-ahead horizon, what the additional balancing efforts would be needed as we get closer to the real time, and what additional costs would be incurred by those needs. In order to improve the system control performance characteristics, maintain system reliability, and minimize expenses related to the system balancing functions, it becomes necessary to incorporate the predicted uncertainty ranges into the scheduling, load following, and, in some extent, into the regulation processes. It is also important to address the uncertainty problem comprehensively, by including all sources of uncertainty (load, intermittent generation, generators' forced outages, etc.) into consideration. All aspects of uncertainty such as the imbalance size (which is the same as capacity needed to mitigate the imbalance) and generation ramping requirement must be taken into account. The latter unique features make this work a significant step forward toward the objective of incorporating of wind, solar, load, and other uncertainties into power system operations. In this report, a new methodology to predict the uncertainty ranges for the required balancing capacity, ramping capability and ramp duration is presented. Uncertainties created by system load forecast errors, wind and solar forecast errors, generation forced outages are taken into account. The uncertainty ranges are evaluated for different confidence levels of having the actual generation requirements within the corresponding limits. The methodology helps to identify system balancing reserve requirement based on a desired system performance levels, identify system "breaking points", where the generation system becomes unable to follow the generation requirement curve with the user-specified probability level, and determine the time remaining to these potential events. The approach includes three stages: statistical and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence intervals. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis incorporating all sources of uncertainty and parameters of a continuous (wind forecast and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and failures to start up) nature. Preliminary simulations using California Independent System Operator (California ISO) real life data have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A tool developed based on the new methodology described in this report will be integrated with the California ISO systems. Contractual work is currently in place to integrate the tool with the AREVA EMS system.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Guttromson, Ross T.; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.
The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves Theory Conjectures
The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves Theory Conjectures Computations Applications Applications John. Fermat's Last Theorem Frey, Ribet: Counterexample to FLT ) 9 nonÂmodular (semiÂstable) elliptic curve
Cremona, John
Harmonic algebraic curves and noncrossing partitions
Motivated by Gauss's first proof of the fundamental Theorem of Algebra, we study the topology of harmonic algebraic curves. By the maximum principle, a harmonic curve has no bounded components; its topology is determined ...
Martin, Jeremy L.; Savitt, David; Singer, Ted
Multipath Curved Planar Reformation of the Peripheral
Multipath Curved Planar Reformation of the Peripheral Arterial Tree in CT Angiography1 Justus that cause artifacts in multipath curved planar reformations (MPCPRs) of the peripheral arterial tree in 10-oblique multiplanar reformations perpendicular to the ves- sel centerline (10), and curved planar reformations
Reciprocal Relations Between Kinetic Curves
We study coupled irreversible processes. For linear or linearized kinetics with microreversibility, $\\dot{x}=Kx$, the kinetic operator $K$ is symmetric in the entropic inner product. This form of Onsager's reciprocal relations implies that the shift in time, $\\exp (Kt)$, is also a symmetric operator. This generates reciprocity relations between kinetic curves. For example, for the Master equation, if we start the process from the $i$th pure state and measure the probability $p_j(t)$ of the $j$th state ($j\
Yablonsky, G S; Constales, D; Galvita, V; Marin, G B
A Gamma-Ray Bursts' Fluence-Duration Correlation
We present an analysis indicating that there is a correlation between the fluences and the durations of gamma-ray bursts, and provide arguments that this reflects a correlation between the total emitted energies and the intrinsic durations. For the short (long) bursts the total emitted energies are roughly proportional to the first (second) power of the intrinsic duration. This difference in the energy-duration relationship is statistically significant, and may provide an interesting constraint on models aiming to explain the short and long gamma-ray bursts.
Istvan Horvath; Lajos G. Balazs; Peter Meszaros; Zsolt Bagoly; Attila Meszaros
2005 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins University, March 1618, 2005 A Linear Daisy Chain with Two Divisible Load Sources
load amounts at each source the overall (dual source) solution time curve is equal to the single source18, 2005 A Linear Daisy Chain with Two Divisible Load Sources Theron Lammie and Thomas G. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract -- A finite linear daisy chain with divisible load origi- nating from the two boundary stations
Robertazzi, Thomas G.
Load Management Made Simple
Company have moved to a demand side or load management mode which seeks to influence customers to change electric usage patterns to more efficiently use available generating capacity. Since 1970, the TUEC system peak demand has more than doubled from about...
Schneider, K.
Cooling load estimation methods
Ongoing research on quantifying the cooling loads in residential buildings, particularly buildings with passive solar heating systems, is described. Correlations are described that permit auxiliary cooling estimates from monthly average insolation and weather data. The objective of the research is to develop a simple analysis method, useful early in design, to estimate the annual cooling energy required of a given building.
McFarland, R.D.
Spectrophotometric analysis of GRB afterglow extinction curves with X-shooter
In this work we use gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow spectra observed with the VLT/X-shooter spectrograph to measure rest-frame extinction in GRB lines-of-sight by modeling the broadband near-infrared (NIR) to X-ray afterglow spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Our sample consists of nine Swift GRBs, eight of them belonging to the long-duration and one to the short-duration class. Dust is modeled using the average extinction curves of the Milky Way and the two Magellanic Clouds. We derive the rest-frame extinction of the entire sample, which fall in the range $0 \\lesssim {\\it A}_{\\rm V} \\lesssim 1.2$. Moreover, the SMC extinction curve is the preferred extinction curve template for the majority of our sample, a result which is in agreement with those commonly observed in GRB lines-of-sights. In one analysed case (GRB 120119A), the common extinction curve templates fail to reproduce the observed extinction. To illustrate the advantage of using the high-quality X-shooter afterglow SEDs over the photometric SED...
Japelj, J; Gomboc, A; Vergani, S D; Goldoni, P; Selsing, J; Cano, Z; D'Elia, V; Flores, H; Fynbo, J P U; Hammer, F; Hjorth, J; Jakobsson, P; Kaper, L; Kopa?, D; Krühler, T; Melandri, A; Piranomonte, S; Sánchez-Ramírez, R; Tagliaferri, G; Tanvir, N R; Postigo, A de Ugarte; Watson, D; Wijers, R A M J
Timing, Intensity, and Duration of Rehabilitation for Hip and Stroke
Timing, Intensity, and Duration of Rehabilitation for Hip and Stroke Fracture BETHESDA, MD on rehabilitation for stroke and hip fracture was held August 4 by the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation, intensity, and duration of rehabilitation. Stroke and hip fracture were included together because these two
Rau, Don C.
Evaluation criteria and procedure for nuclear power plant temporary loads/temporary conditions
Operating nuclear power plants frequently encounter temporary loads/temporary conditions in plant normal operation and maintenance (O and M). The most obvious examples are installation of temporary shielding and scaffolding, or removal of certain supports, to facilitate plant refueling and maintenance outage activities. Short-term operability calls such as those due to snubber failures or unanticipated transients also create temporary loads/temporary conditions. These temporary situations often generate loads that are outside the original plant design basis. Consequently, separate evaluations are needed to ensure that plant structures, systems and components (SSCs) maintain their integrity and functionality while these temporary loads are active. Also, the temporary structures and components need to be evaluated to ensure their integrity during the temporary duration of use. Three types of approaches are normally adopted either individually or in combination to perform needed evaluations: relax the design allowables, use a more refined analysis model but retain the design basis acceptance criteria, or offset temporary loads by eliminating or reducing part of the design basis loads based on short duration considerations. This paper reviews temporary loading/temporary condition issues and the current industry criteria and procedures proposed in dealing with these issues. Where appropriate, regulatory positions on temporary loads/temporary conditions are discussed.
Tang, H.T. [Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States); Minichiello, J.C. [Commonwealth Edison Co., Downers Grove, IL (United States); Olson, D.E. [Sargent and Lundy, Chicago, IL (United States)
Use of RUse of R--Curves in Characterization of FractureCurves in Characterization of Fracture Process in CementProcess in Cement--Based MaterialsBased Materials
-Curves Closed loop loading-unloading tests Compliance Calibration Inelastic displacement measurement RStrengthening Effect of MicrofibersMicrofibers 8% carbon 1% alumina mortar 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Deflection, mm 0 200 400 600.1 0.2 0.3 Deflection, mm 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Load,N 8% Carbon Mortar Carbon fibers 1
Mobasher, Barzin
UV Light Curves of Thermonuclear Supernovae
Ultraviolet light curves are calculated for several thermonuclear supernova models using a multifrequency radiation hydrodynamic code. It is found that Chandrasekhar-mass models produce very similar light curves both for detonation and deflagration. Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass models essentially differ from ``normal'' Chandrasekhar ones regarding behaviour of their UV fluxes. Differences in absolute brightness and in shape of light curves of thermonuclear supernovae could be detectable up to 300 Mpc with modern UV space telescopes.
S. I. Blinnikov; E. I. Sorokina
Load Management: Opportunity or Calamity?
larger now than prior to 1973. Utilities are examining two options which can be termed load management. One option is to control discretionary loads during peak periods. Cycling of residential water heaters or shutting off industrial electric furnaces...
Males, R.; Hassig, N.
We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst jets associated with massive, compact stellar progenitors. The simulations extend to large radii and allow us to locate the region in which the peak frequency of the advected radiation is set before the radiation is released at the photosphere. Light curves and spectra are calculated for different viewing angles as well as different progenitor structures and jet properties. We find that the radiation released at the photosphere of matter-dominated jets is able to reproduce the observed Amati and energy-Lorentz factor correlations. Our simulations also predict a correlation between the burst energy and the radiative efficiency of the prompt phase, consistent with observations.
Lazzati, Davide [Department of Physics, NC State University, 2401 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202 (United States); Morsony, Brian J. [Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3321 Sterling Hall, 475 N. Charter Street, Madison WI 53706-1582 (United States); Margutti, Raffaella [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, ITC, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Begelman, Mitchell C. [JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80309-0440 (United States)
Applications John Cremona University of Exeter #12's Last Theorem Frey, Ribet: Counterexample to FLT ) 9 non-modular (semi-stable) elliptic curve over Q
Canonical correlation of shipping forward curves
The behavior and interrelations between the main shipping forward curves are analyzed using multivariate statistics after removing the volatility distortions dictated by the Samuelson hypothesis. Principal Components ...
Hadjiyiannis, Nicholas
Learning Curve - DOE Directives, Delegations, and Requirements
This chapter discusses the development and application of the learning curve. g4301-1chp21.pdf -- PDF Document, 28 KB Writer: John Makepeace Subjects: Administration Management...
Are Durations of Weak Gamma-Ray Bursts Reliable?
Simulations in the GUSBAD Catalog of gamma-ray bursts suggest that the apparent duration of a burst decreases as its amplitude is decreased. We see no evidence for this effect in the BATSE catalog. We show that for a burst at the detection limit, the typical signal-to-noise ratio at the edges of the T90 duration is around 1.5, suggesting that T90 must be quite uncertain. The situation for T50 is less unfavorable. Simulations using the exact procedure to derive the durations in the BATSE catalog would be useful in quantifying the effect.
Maarten Schmidt
Quantum fields in curved spacetime
We review the theory of quantum fields propagating in an arbitrary, classical, globally hyperbolic spacetime. Our review emphasizes the conceptual issues arising in the formulation of the theory and presents known results in a mathematically precise way. Particular attention is paid to the distributional nature of quantum fields, to their local and covariant character, and to microlocal spectrum conditions satisfied by physically reasonable states. We review the Unruh and Hawking effects for free fields, as well as the behavior of free fields in deSitter spacetime and FLRW spacetimes with an exponential phase of expansion. We review how nonlinear observables of a free field, such as the stress-energy tensor, are defined, as well as time-ordered-products. The "renormalization ambiguities" involved in the definition of time-ordered products are fully characterized. Interacting fields are then perturbatively constructed. Our main focus is on the theory of a scalar field, but a brief discussion of gauge fields is included. We conclude with a brief discussion of a possible approach towards a nonperturbative formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime and some remarks on the formulation of quantum gravity.
Stefan Hollands; Robert M. Wald
The elimination of liquid loading problems in low productivity gas wells
investigated. The Beggs and Brill multiphase pressure drop correlation was programmed and used as a basis to generate tubing performance curves and to study the effects of various parameters on long term gas production. Turner's method for predicting... the known methods of analyzing liquid loading problems in gas wells. A computer program will be developed to aid in generating tubing performance curves along with calculated gas velocity profiles. The calculated gas velocity profile...
Neves, Toby Roy
Fire loading calculations for 300 Area N Reactor Fuel Fabrication and Storage Facility
Fire loading analyses were provided for the N Reactor Fuel Supply Buildings 3712, 3716, 303A, 303B, 303E, 303G, and 303K. Fire loading calculations, maximum temperatures, and fire durations were provided to support the safety analyses documentation. The ``combustibles`` for this document include: wood, cardboard, cloth, and plastic, and does not include the uranium and fuel assembly loading. The information in this document will also be used to support the fire hazard analysis for the same buildings, therefore, it is assumed that sprinkler systems do not work, or the maximum possible fire loss is assumed.
Myott, C.F.
Model for Aggregated Water Heater Load Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks
The transition to the new generation power grid, or "smart grid", requires novel ways of using and analyzing data collected from the grid infrastructure. Fundamental functionalities like demand response (DR), that the smart grid needs, rely heavily on the ability of the energy providers and distributors to forecast the load behavior of appliances under different DR strategies. This paper presents a new model of aggregated water heater load, based on dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). The model has been validated against simulated data from an open source distribution simulation software (GridLAB-D). The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the DBN model accurately tracks the load profile curves of aggregated water heaters under different testing scenarios.
Vlachopoulou, Maria; Chin, George; Fuller, Jason C.; Lu, Shuai; Kalsi, Karanjit
Energy-Dependent Gamma-Ray Burst Peak Durations and Blast-Wave Deceleration
Temporal analyses of the prompt gamma-ray and X-ray light curves of gamma-ray bursts reveal a tendency for the burst pulse time scales to increase with decreasing energy. For an ensemble of BATSE bursts, Fenimore et al. (1995) show that the energy dependence of burst peak durations can be represented by $\\Delta t \\propto E^{-\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma \\simeq 0.4$--0.45. This power-law dependence has led to the suggestion that this effect is due to radiative processes, most notably synchrotron cooling of the non-thermal particles which produce the radiation. Here we show that a similar power-law dependence occurs, under certain assumptions, in the context of the blast-wave model and is a consequence of the deceleration of the blast-wave. This effect will obtain whether or not synchrotron cooling is important, but different degrees of cooling will cause variations in the energy dependence of the peak durations.
James Chiang
activity disease duration: Topics by E-print Network
vaccination Read, Andrew 10 X-ray flares and the duration of engine activity in gamma-ray bursts Astrophysics (arXiv) Summary: The detection of bright X-ray flares superimposed...
Ectodysplasin signaling in cutaneous appendage development: Dose, duration and diversity
The development of several skin appendages is guided by prenatal Ectodysplasin signalling. Cui et al. (this issue, 2009) report on the dose and duration of Ectodysplasin signalling required for the maintenance and morphogenesis ...
Headon, Denis J.
Duration of frication noise required for identification of English fricatives
. These stimuli, and the entire syllables, were presented to 12 subjects for consonant identification. Results show that the listener does not require the entire fricative–vowel syllable in order to correctly perceive a fricative. The required frication duration...
Jongman, Allard
Introduction to duration concepts: application to bank management
limitations due to over- simplifications. The balance sheet used in DGame is far too simpli- fied to use in understanding duration analysis in the real world. -24- First, banks carry many more different types of liabilities than just CD deposits. Other...INTRODUCTION TO DURATION CONCEPTS: APPLICATION TO BANK MANAGEMENT A Professional Paper by Alison J. Meyers Submitted to the College of Agriculture of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER...
Meyers, Alison J.
We examine the effects of time dilation on the temporal profiles of gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses. By using prescriptions for the shape and evolution of prompt gamma-ray spectra, we can generate a simulated population of single-pulsed GRBs at a variety of redshifts and observe how their light curves would appear to a gamma-ray detector here on Earth. We find that the observer frame duration of individual pulses does not increase with redshift as 1 + z, which one would expect from cosmological expansion. This time dilation is masked by an opposite and often stronger effect: with increasing redshift and decreasing signal-to-noise ratio only the brightest portion of the light curve can be detected. The results of our simulation are consistent with the fact that the simple time dilation of GRB light curves has not materialized in either the Swift or Fermi detected GRBs with known redshift. We show that the measured durations and associated E{sub iso} estimates for GRBs detected near the instrument's detection threshold should be considered lower limits to the true values. Furthermore, we conclude that attempts at distinguishing between long and short GRBs, at even moderate redshifts, cannot be done based on a burst's temporal properties alone.
Kocevski, Daniel [Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road M/S 29, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (United States); Petrosian, Vahe [Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Varian 302c, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
A functional analysis of electrical load curve modelling for some households specific electricity end-uses
domestic end-uses, the development of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, the increase of heat pumps heating systems such as heat pumps in new building or which will replace old installed fossil fuels based systems; · integration of new end-uses such as Plug-in Electric Vehicles and an always growing number
Buckling analysis of singly curved shallow bi-layered arch under concentrated loading
viable alternative to conventional sandwich materials in applications where the functional requirements can be met without the second face sheet of the sandwich. For structural applications bi-layered materials are required to have oil canning...
Sonawane, Mahesh
Finite Duration Shocks on Discrete Laminate Composite Al/W /
3.1 Geometry of the Layered Composite and Loading Condi-OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Layered Composite Geometry . . . . .composite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Franco Navarro, Pedro
Efficient Photoionization-Loading of Trapped Cadmium Ions with Ultrafast Pulses
Atomic cadmium ions are loaded into radiofrequency ion traps by photoionization of atoms in a cadmium vapor with ultrafast laser pulses. The photoionization is driven through an intermediate atomic resonance with a frequency-quadrupled mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser that produces pulses of either 100 fsec or 1 psec duration at a central wavelength of 229 nm. The large bandwidth of the pulses photoionizes all velocity classes of the Cd vapor, resulting in high loading efficiencies compared to previous ion trap loading techniques. Measured loading rates are compared with a simple theoretical model, and we conclude that this technique can potentially ionize every atom traversing the laser beam within the trapping volume. This may allow the operation of ion traps with lower levels of background pressures and less trap electrode surface contamination. The technique and laser system reported here should be applicable to loading most laser-cooled ion species.
L. Deslauriers; M. Acton; B. B. Blinov; K. -A. Brickman; P. C. Haljan; W. K. Hensinger; D. Hucul; S. Katnik; R. N. Kohn, Jr.; P. J. Lee; M. J. Madsen; P. Maunz; S. Olmschenk; D. L. Moehring; D. Stick; J. Sterk; M. Yeo; K. C. Younge; C. Monroe
Investigation of learning and experience curves
The applicability of learning and experience curves for predicting future costs of solar technologies is assessed, and the major test case is the production economics of heliostats. Alternative methods for estimating cost reductions in systems manufacture are discussed, and procedures for using learning and experience curves to predict costs are outlined. Because adequate production data often do not exist, production histories of analogous products/processes are analyzed and learning and aggregated cost curves for these surrogates estimated. If the surrogate learning curves apply, they can be used to estimate solar technology costs. The steps involved in generating these cost estimates are given. Second-generation glass-steel and inflated-bubble heliostat design concepts, developed by MDAC and GE, respectively, are described; a costing scenario for 25,000 units/yr is detailed; surrogates for cost analysis are chosen; learning and aggregate cost curves are estimated; and aggregate cost curves for the GE and MDAC designs are estimated. However, an approach that combines a neoclassical production function with a learning-by-doing hypothesis is needed to yield a cost relation compatible with the historical learning curve and the traditional cost function of economic theory.
Krawiec, F.; Thornton, J.; Edesess, M.
Online Load Balancing for Related Machines
of entire schedule s as follows: load(s; i) = 1 v i X s(j)=i p j ; Load(s) = max i load(s; i) It is easyOnÂline Load Balancing for Related Machines Piotr Berman \\Lambda Moses Charikar y Marek Karpinski zÂline load balancing was studied extensively over the years (cf., e.g., [7], [3], [4], and [2
Karpinski, Marek
components such as power sources, loads, transformers and components such as power sources, loads, transformers and
Lesieutre, Bernard
Dynamic load balancing of applications
An application-level method for dynamically maintaining global load balance on a parallel computer, particularly on massively parallel MIMD computers. Global load balancing is achieved by overlapping neighborhoods of processors, where each neighborhood performs local load balancing. The method supports a large class of finite element and finite difference based applications and provides an automatic element management system to which applications are easily integrated.
Wheat, Stephen R. (Albuquerque, NM)
Demand Response: Load Management Programs
CenterPoint Load Management Programs CATEE Conference October, 2012 Agenda Outline I. General Demand Response Definition II. General Demand Response Program Rules III. CenterPoint Commercial Program IV. CenterPoint Residential Programs... V. Residential Discussion Points Demand Response Definition of load management per energy efficiency rule 25.181: ? Load control activities that result in a reduction in peak demand, or a shifting of energy usage from a peak to an off...
Simon, J.
An application-level method for dynamically maintaining global load balance on a parallel computer, particularly on massively parallel MIMD computers is disclosed. Global load balancing is achieved by overlapping neighborhoods of processors, where each neighborhood performs local load balancing. The method supports a large class of finite element and finite difference based applications and provides an automatic element management system to which applications are easily integrated. 13 figs.
Wheat, S.R.
reliable starting vectors for curve calculation. So far we did not try any algorithm to handle these patch pairs; we just kept their diameter " smaller than the display precision and treated
. small pairs disjoint pairs input input Resulting curve pieces Waste- basket Resulting small pairs Pairs in quadtrees and should exchange \\bag data" only if necessary for load balancing, using advanced \\hot potato
Schaback, Robert
High-Power Rf Load
A compact high-power RF load comprises a series of very low Q resonators, or chokes [16], in a circular waveguide [10]. The sequence of chokes absorb the RF power gradually in a short distance while keeping the bandwidth relatively wide. A polarizer [12] at the input end of the load is provided to convert incoming TE.sub.10 mode signals to circularly polarized TE.sub.11 mode signals. Because the load operates in the circularly polarized mode, the energy is uniformly and efficiently absorbed and the load is more compact than a rectangular load. Using these techniques, a load having a bandwidth of 500 MHz can be produced with an average power dissipation level of 1.5 kW at X-band, and a peak power dissipation of 100 MW. The load can be made from common lossy materials, such as stainless steel, and is less than 15 cm in length. These techniques can also produce loads for use as an alternative to ordinary waveguide loads in small and medium RF accelerators, in radar systems, and in other microwave applications. The design is easily scalable to other RF frequencies and adaptable to the use of other lossy materials.
Tantawi, Sami G. (San Mateo, CA); Vlieks, Arnold E. (Livermore, CA)
Engine combustion control at low loads via fuel reactivity stratification
A compression ignition (diesel) engine uses two or more fuel charges during a combustion cycle, with the fuel charges having two or more reactivities (e.g., different cetane numbers), in order to control the timing and duration of combustion. By appropriately choosing the reactivities of the charges, their relative amounts, and their timing, combustion can be tailored to achieve optimal power output (and thus fuel efficiency), at controlled temperatures (and thus controlled NOx), and with controlled equivalence ratios (and thus controlled soot). At low load and no load (idling) conditions, the aforementioned results are attained by restricting airflow to the combustion chamber during the intake stroke (as by throttling the incoming air at or prior to the combustion chamber's intake port) so that the cylinder air pressure is below ambient pressure at the start of the compression stroke.
Reitz, Rolf Deneys; Hanson, Reed M; Splitter, Derek A; Kokjohn, Sage L
Diffusion-Limited Aggregation on Curved Surfaces
We develop a general theory of transport-limited aggregation phenomena occurring on curved surfaces, based on stochastic iterated conformal maps and conformal projections to the complex plane. To illustrate the theory, we ...
Choi, J.
Learning Curve Management in Educational Programming Environments
Learning Curve Management in Educational Programming Environments Benjamin H. Brinckerhoff Computer programmers are best served by integrated development environments that adapt to their growing sophistication programming environments. We provide pedagogical justification for each goal, describe possible supporting
Goldman, Kenneth J.
Long Duration Testing of Type C Thermocouples at 1500 °C
Experience with Type C thermocouples operating for long periods in the 1400 to 1600 °C temperature range indicate that significant decalibration occurs, often leading to expensive downtime and material waste. As part of an effort to understand the mechanisms causing drift in these thermocouples, the Idaho National Laboratory conducted a long duration test at 1500 °C containing eight Type C thermocouples. As report in this document, results from this long duration test were adversely affected due to oxygen ingress. Nevertheless, results provide key insights about the impact of precipitate formation on thermoelectric response. Post-test examinations indicate that thermocouple signal was not adversely impacted by the precipitates detected after 1,000 hours of heating at 1,500 °C and suggest that the signal would not have been adversely impacted by these precipitates for longer durations (if oxygen ingress had not occurred in this test).
Joy L. Rempe; Darrell L. Knudson; J. E. Daw; S. C. Wilkins
Chiral gap effect in curved space
We discuss a new type of QCD phenomenon induced in curved space. In the QCD vacuum a mass gap of Dirac fermions is attributed to the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. If the curvature is positive large, the chiral condensate melts but a chiral invariant mass gap can still remain, which we name the chiral gap effect in curved space. This leads to decoupling of quark deconfinement which implies a view of black holes surrounded by a first-order QCD phase transition.
Antonino Flachi; Kenji Fukushima
Environmental bias and elastic curves on surfaces
The behavior of an elastic curve bound to a surface will reflect the geometry of its environment. This may occur in an obvious way: the curve may deform freely along directions tangent to the surface, but not along the surface normal. However, even if the energy itself is symmetric in the curve's geodesic and normal curvatures, which control these modes, very distinct roles are played by the two. If the elastic curve binds preferentially on one side, or is itself assembled on the surface, not only would one expect the bending moduli associated with the two modes to differ, binding along specific directions, reflected in spontaneous values of these curvatures, may be favored. The shape equations describing the equilibrium states of a surface curve described by an elastic energy accommodating environmental factors will be identified by adapting the method of Lagrange multipliers to the Darboux frame associated with the curve. The forces transmitted to the surface along the surface normal will be determined. Features associated with a number of different energies, both of physical relevance and of mathematical interest, are described. The conservation laws associated with trajectories on surface geometries exhibiting continuous symmetries are also examined.
Jemal Guven; Dulce María Valencia; Pablo Vázquez-Montejo
Spring loaded locator pin assembly
This invention deals with spring loaded locator pins. Locator pins are sometimes referred to as captured pins. This is a mechanism which locks two items together with the pin that is spring loaded so that it drops into a locator hole on the work piece.
Groll, Todd A. (Idaho Falls, ID); White, James P. (Pocatelo, ID)
This invention deals with spring loaded locator pins. Locator pins are sometimes referred to as captured pins. This is a mechanism which locks two items together with the pin that is spring loaded so that it drops into a locator hole on the work piece. 5 figs.
Groll, T.A.; White, J.P.
Load Forecasting of Supermarket Refrigeration
energy system. Observed refrigeration load and local ambient temperature from a Danish su- permarket renewable energy, is increasing, therefore a flexible energy system is needed. In the present ThesisLoad Forecasting of Supermarket Refrigeration Lisa Buth Rasmussen Kongens Lyngby 2013 M.Sc.-2013
Commercial Building Loads Providing Ancillary Services in PJM
The adoption of low carbon energy technologies such as variable renewable energy and electric vehicles, coupled with the efficacy of energy efficiency to reduce traditional base load has increased the uncertainty inherent in the net load shape. Handling this variability with slower, traditional resources leads to inefficient system dispatch, and in some cases may compromise reliability. Grid operators are looking to future energy technologies, such as automated demand response (DR), to provide capacity-based reliability services as the need for these services increase. While DR resources are expected to have the flexibility characteristics operators are looking for, demonstrations are necessary to build confidence in their capabilities. Additionally, building owners are uncertain of the monetary value and operational burden of providing these services. To address this, the present study demonstrates the ability of demand response resources providing two ancillary services in the PJM territory, synchronous reserve and regulation, using an OpenADR 2.0b signaling architecture. The loads under control include HVAC and lighting at a big box retail store and variable frequency fan loads. The study examines performance characteristics of the resource: the speed of response, communications latencies in the architecture, and accuracy of response. It also examines the frequency and duration of events and the value in the marketplace which can be used to examine if the opportunity is sufficient to entice building owners to participate.
MacDonald, Jason; Kiliccote, Sila; Boch, Jim; Chen, Jonathan; Nawy, Robert
Wind load reduction for heliostats
This report presents the results of wind-tunnel tests supported through the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) by the Office of Solar Thermal Technology of the US Department of Energy as part of the SERI research effort on innovative concentrators. As gravity loads on drive mechanisms are reduced through stretched-membrane technology, the wind-load contribution of the required drive capacity increases in percentage. Reduction of wind loads can provide economy in support structure and heliostat drive. Wind-tunnel tests have been directed at finding methods to reduce wind loads on heliostats. The tests investigated primarily the mean forces, moments, and the possibility of measuring fluctuating forces in anticipation of reducing those forces. A significant increase in ability to predict heliostat wind loads and their reduction within a heliostat field was achieved.
Peterka, J.A.; Hosoya, N.; Bienkiewicz, B.; Cermak, J.E.
A Load-Based Multiple-Partial Unloading Micro-Indentation Technique for Mechanical Property Evaluation
A load-based multiple-partial unloading microindentation technique has been developed for evaluating mechanical properties of materials. Comparing to the current prevailing nano/micro-indentation methods, which require precise measurements of the indentation depth and load, the proposed technique only measures indentation load and the overall indentation displacement (i.e. including displacement of the loading apparatus). Coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure during the indentation process, this technique results in a load-depth sensing indentation system capable of determining Young's modulus of metallic alloys with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. Test results show consistent and correct elastic modulus values when performing indentation tests on standard alloys such as steel, aluminum, bronze, and single crystal superalloys. The proposed micro-indentation technique has led to the development of a portable loaddepth sensing indentation system capable of on-site, in-situ material property measurement.
C. Feng; J.M. Tannenbaum; B.S. Kang; M.A. Alvin
Plastic instabilities in statically and dynamically loaded spherical vessels
Significant changes were made in design limits for pressurized vessels in the 2007 version of the ASME Code (Section VIII, Div. 3) and 2008 and 2009 Addenda. There is now a local damage-mechanics based strain-exhaustion limit as well as the well-known global plastic collapse limit. Moreover, Code Case 2564 (Section VIII, Div. 3) has recently been approved to address impulsively loaded vessels. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the plastic collapse limit as it applies to dynamically loaded spherical vessels. Plastic instabilities that could potentially develop in spherical shells under symmetric loading conditions are examined for a variety of plastic constitutive relations. First, a literature survey of both static and dynamic instabilities associated with spherical shells is presented. Then, a general plastic instability condition for spherical shells subjected to displacement controlled and impulsive loading is given. This instability condition is evaluated for six plastic and visco-plastic constitutive relations. The role of strain-rate sensitivity on the instability point is investigated. Calculations for statically and dynamically loaded spherical shells are presented, illustrating the formation of instabilities as well as the role of imperfections. Conclusions of this work are that there are two fundamental types of instabilities associated with failure of spherical shells. In the case of impulsively loaded vessels, where the pulse duration is short compared to the fundamental period of the structure, one instability type is found not to occur in the absence of static internal pressure. Moreover, it is found that the specific role of strain-rate sensitivity on the instability strain depends on the form of the constitutive relation assumed.
Duffey, Thomas A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez, Edward A [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Duration Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a duration test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
Budgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments
output of nano-enhanced Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). MFCs [3] use micro-organisms to generate electricityBudgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments Javad Azimi, Alan firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Budgeted optimization involves optimizing an unknown function that is costly to evalu- ate
Fern, Xiaoli Zhang
PhD Studentship in Soil Biogeochemistry Duration: 3 Years
management actions for reducing the impacts of reactive N on environmental quality. The student will carry background in environmental science and an interest in soil biogeochemistry. Field work may involve samplingPhD Studentship in Soil Biogeochemistry Duration: 3 Years Application Deadline: July 10, 2014
Stell, John
Electrospray characteristic curves: in pursuit of improved performance...
Electrospray characteristic curves: in pursuit of improved performance in the nano-flow regime. Electrospray characteristic curves: in pursuit of improved performance in the...
A General Investigation of Optimized Atmospheric Sample Duration
ABSTRACT The International Monitoring System (IMS) consists of up to 80 aerosol and xenon monitoring systems spaced around the world that have collection systems sensitive enough to detect nuclear releases from underground nuclear tests at great distances (CTBT 1996; CTBTO 2011). Although a few of the IMS radionuclide stations are closer together than 1,000 km (such as the stations in Kuwait and Iran), many of them are 2,000 km or more apart. In the absence of a scientific basis for optimizing the duration of atmospheric sampling, historically scientists used a integration times from 24 hours to 14 days for radionuclides (Thomas et al. 1977). This was entirely adequate in the past because the sources of signals were far away and large, meaning that they were smeared over many days by the time they had travelled 10,000 km. The Fukushima event pointed out the unacceptable delay time (72 hours) between the start of sample acquisition and final data being shipped. A scientific basis for selecting a sample duration time is needed. This report considers plume migration of a nondecaying tracer using archived atmospheric data for 2011 in the HYSPLIT (Draxler and Hess 1998; HYSPLIT 2011) transport model. We present two related results: the temporal duration of the majority of the plume as a function of distance and the behavior of the maximum plume concentration as a function of sample collection duration and distance. The modeled plume behavior can then be combined with external information about sampler design to optimize sample durations in a sampling network.
Eslinger, Paul W.; Miley, Harry S.
Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Curve
This paper documents the approach used to update the U.S. geothermal supply curve. The analysis undertaken in this study estimates the supply of electricity generation potential from geothermal resources in the United States and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), capital costs, and operating and maintenance costs associated with developing these geothermal resources. Supply curves were developed for four categories of geothermal resources: identified hydrothermal (6.4 GWe), undiscovered hydrothermal (30.0 GWe), near-hydrothermal field enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) (7.0 GWe) and deep EGS (15,900 GWe). Two cases were considered: a base case and a target case. Supply curves were generated for each of the four geothermal resource categories for both cases. For both cases, hydrothermal resources dominate the lower cost range of the combined geothermal supply curve. The supply curves indicate that the reservoir performance improvements assumed in the target case could significantly lower EGS costs and greatly increase EGS deployment over the base case.
Augustine, C.; Young, K. R.; Anderson, A.
Electrical and Production Load Factors
, Texas Abstract Load factors and operating hours of small and medium-sized industrial plants are analyzed to classify shift-work patterns and develop energy conservation diagnostic tools. This paper discusses two types of electric load factors... for each shift classification within major industry groups. The load factor based on billing hours (ELF) increases with operating hours from about 0.4 for a nominal one shift operation, to about 0.7 for around-the-clock operation. On the other hand...
Sen, T.; Heffington, W. M.
Elliptic Curves and Hyperdeterminants in Quantum Gravity
Hyperdeterminants are generalizations of determinants from matrices to multi-dimensional hypermatrices. They were discovered in the 19th century by Arthur Cayley but were largely ignored over a period of 100 years before once again being recognised as important in algebraic geometry, physics and number theory. It is shown that a cubic elliptic curve whose Mordell-Weil group contains a Z2 x Z2 x Z subgroup can be transformed into the degree four hyperdeterminant on a 2x2x2 hypermatrix comprising its variables and coefficients. Furthermore, a multilinear problem defined on a 2x2x2x2 hypermatrix of coefficients can be reduced to a quartic elliptic curve whose J-invariant is expressed in terms of the hypermatrix and related invariants including the degree 24 hyperdeterminant. These connections between elliptic curves and hyperdeterminants may have applications in other areas including physics.
Philip Gibbs
Sandia Wind Turbine Loads Database
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
The Sandia Wind Turbine Loads Database is divided into six files, each corresponding to approximately 16 years of simulation. The files are text files with data in columnar format. The 424MB zipped file containing six data files can be downloaded by the public. The files simulate 10-minute maximum loads for the NREL 5MW wind turbine. The details of the loads simulations can be found in the paper: "Decades of Wind Turbine Loads Simulations", M. Barone, J. Paquette, B. Resor, and L. Manuel, AIAA2012-1288 (3.69MB PDF). Note that the site-average wind speed is 10 m/s (class I-B), not the 8.5 m/s reported in the paper.
Building load control and optimization
Researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of solutions to reduce electricity consumption and curtail peak demand. This research focuses on load control by improving the operations in existing building HVAC ...
Xing, Hai-Yun Helen, 1976-
Geodesic Bezier Curves on Triangle Meshes Dimas Martinez Morera
Geodesic B´ezier Curves on Triangle Meshes Dimas Mart´inez Morera IMPA - Brazil / ICIMAF - Cuba generalization of B´ezier curves. Thus, we call them "Geodesic B´ezier Curves". Geodesic B´ezier curves, but geodesics connecting the control points. This imposes the necessity of modifying the inter- polation step
Characterization of Engine Control Authority on HCCI Combustion as the High Load Limit is Approached
While the potential emissions and efficiency benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion are well known, realizing the potentials on a production intent engine presents numerous challenges. In this study we focus on characterizing the authority of the available engine controls as the high load limit of HCCI combustion is approached. The experimental work is performed on a boosted single-cylinder research engine equipped with direct injection (DI) fueling, cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and a hydraulic valve actuation (HVA) valve train to enable the negative valve overlap (NVO) breathing strategy. Valve lift and duration are held constant while phasing is varied in an effort to make the results as relevant as possible to production intent cam-based variable valve actuation (VVA) systems on multi-cylinder engines. Results presented include engine loads from 350 to 650 kPa IMEPnet and manifold pressure from 98 to 190 kPaa at 2000 rpm. It is found that in order to increase engine load to 650 kPa IMEPnet, it is necessary to increase manifold pressure and external EGR while reducing the NVO duration. Both NVO duration and fuel injection timing are effective means of controlling combustion phasing, with NVO duration being a coarse control and fuel injection timing being a fine control. NOX emissions are low throughout the study, with emissions below 0.1 g/kW-h at all boosted HCCI conditions, while good combustion efficiency is maintained (>96.5%). Net indicated thermal efficiency increases with load up to 600 kPa IMEPnet, where a peak efficiency of 41% is achieved. Results of independent parametric investigations are presented on the effect of external EGR, intake effect of manifold pressure, and the effect of NVO duration. It is found that increasing EGR at a constant manifold pressure and increasing manifold pressure at a constant EGR rate both have the effect of retarding combustion phasing. It is also found that combustion phasing becomes increasingly sensitive to NVO duration as engine load increases. Finally, comparisons are made between three commonly used noise metrics (AVL noise meter, ringing intensity (RI), and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR)). It is found that compared to the AVL noise meter, RI significantly underestimates combustion noise under boosted conditions.
Szybist, James P [ORNL] [ORNL; Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL] [ORNL; Foster, Matthew [Delphi] [Delphi; Confer, Keith [Delphi] [Delphi; Moore, Wayne [Delphi] [Delphi
Duration Test Report for the Viryd CS8 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a duration noise test that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted on the Viryd CS8 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with Clause 9.4 of the International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) standard, Wind turbines - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed. 2.0:2006-03. NREL researchers evaluated the turbine based on structural integrity and material degradation, quality of environmental protection, and dynamic behavior.
Roadman, J.; Murphy, M.; van Dam, J.
Research Summary Estimating Woodfuel Resource Cost Curves
Research Summary Estimating Woodfuel Resource Cost Curves As a renewable energy source, woodfuel and extraction methods. Background Just under half of the final energy consumed in the UK (49%) is in the form working slope for the chosen type of machinery) and soil conditions (risk of soil damage). Note
The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)
). It was accepted in 1999 as an ANSI standard, and was accepted in 2000 as IEEE and NIST standards. It was also-per-key-bit is substantially greater in an algorithm that uses elliptic curves. This paper describes the ANSI X9.62 ECDSA Standards Organization) standard (ISO 14888-3), accepted in 1999 as an ANSI (American National Standards
Closed timelike curves in general relativity
Many solutions of Einstein's field equations contain closed timelike curves (CTC). Some of these solutions refer to ordinary materials in situations which might occur in the laboratory, or in astrophysics. It is argued that, in default of a reasonable interpretation of CTC, general relativity does not give a satisfactory account of all phenomena within its terms of reference.
W. B. Bonnor
WILD MODELS OF CURVES DINO LORENZINI Abstract. Let K be a complete discrete valuation field of X/K obtained by desingularizing the wild quotient singularities of the quotient Y/H. The most of wild quotient singularities having pairwise distinct resolution graphs. The information on the regular
Lorenzini, Dino J.
Cooling load design tool for UFAD systems.
Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) Design Guide. Atlanta:Load Design Tool for Underfloor Air Distribution Systems. "for design cooling loads in underfloor air distribution (
Bauman, Fred; Schiavon, Stefano; Webster, Tom; Lee, Kwang Ho
Self-aligning biaxial load frame
An self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus for use in testing the strength of specimens while maintaining a constant specimen centroid during the loading operation. The self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus consists of a load frame and two load assemblies for imparting two independent perpendicular forces upon a test specimen. The constant test specimen centroid is maintained by providing elements for linear motion of the load frame relative to a fixed crosshead, and by alignment and linear motion elements of one load assembly relative to the load frame.
Ward, Michael B. (Idaho Falls, ID); Epstein, Jonathan S. (Idaho Falls, ID); Lloyd, W. Randolph (Idaho Falls, ID)
An self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus for use in testing the strength of specimens while maintaining a constant specimen centroid during the loading operation. The self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus consists of a load frame and two load assemblies for imparting two independent perpendicular forces upon a test specimen. The constant test specimen centroid is maintained by providing elements for linear motion of the load frame relative to a fixed cross head, and by alignment and linear motion elements of one load assembly relative to the load frame. 3 figures.
Ward, M.B.; Epstein, J.S.; Lloyd, W.R.
Intensity, duration, and frequency of precipitation extremes under 21st-century warming scenarios
Recent research on the projection of precipitation extremes has either focused on conceptual physical mechanisms that generate heavy precipitation or rigorous statistical methods that extrapolate tail behavior. However, informing both climate prediction and impact assessment requires concurrent physically and statistically oriented analysis. A combined examination of climate model simulations and observation-based reanalysis data sets suggests more intense and frequent precipitation extremes under 21st-century warming scenarios. Utilization of statistical extreme value theory and resampling-based uncertainty quantification combined with consideration of the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship reveals consistently intensifying trends for precipitation extremes at a global-average scale. However, regional and decadal analyses reveal specific discrepancies in the physical mechanisms governing precipitation extremes, as well as their statistical trends, especially in the tropics. The intensifying trend of precipitation extremes has quantifiable impacts on intensity-duration-frequency curves, which in turn have direct implications for hydraulic engineering design and water-resources management. The larger uncertainties at regional and decadal scales suggest the need for caution during regional-scale adaptation or preparedness decisions. Future research needs to explore the possibility of uncertainty reduction through higher resolution global climate models, statistical or dynamical downscaling, as well as improved understanding of precipitation extremes processes.
Kao, Shih-Chieh [ORNL; Ganguly, Auroop R [ORNL
Nine Elements of Watershed Based Plans for EPA Section 319
Watershed Protection Plan Feb 2008 #12;a.) Identify sources and causes for impairment (load duration curve of concern Uhland sub-area Confidence intervals from regression analysis of load duration curve Management knowledge of: the nature and source of the WQ problem, the pollutant load reductions needed to meet WQS
Influence of loading rate on axially loaded piles in clay
. Coyle (Member) ave u ofs (Member) . Hsrsc (Head of Department) May 1984 ABSTRACT Influence of Loading Rate on Axially Loaded Piles in Clay. (May 1984) Enrique Eduardo Garland Ponce, B. S. , Texas A8M University Chairman of Committee: Dr. Jean... and support during all phases of this study. The author also wishes to acknowledge Drs. Harry M. Coyle and David Dubofski who served as members of the advisory committee. Special notes of gratitude to Dr . Wayne A. Dunlap for his aid in the design...
Garland Ponce, Enrique Eduardo
{Control of Residential Load Management Networks Using Real Time Pricing
loads to deliver load following and regulation, withproducts like load following and spinning reserve.following of constant power references. Chapter 7 Implications of Load
Burke, William Jerome
CAN STELLAR MIXING EXPLAIN THE LACK OF TYPE Ib SUPERNOVAE IN LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS?
The discovery of supernovae associated with long-duration gamma-ray burst observations is primary evidence that the progenitors of these outbursts are massive stars. One of the principle mysteries in understanding these progenitors has been the fact that all of these gamma-ray-burst-associated supernovae are Type Ic supernovae with no evidence of helium in the stellar atmosphere. Many studies have focused on whether or not this helium is simply hidden from spectral analyses. In this Letter, we show results from recent stellar models using new convection algorithms based on our current understanding of stellar mixing. We demonstrate that enhanced convection may lead to severe depletion of stellar helium layers, suggesting that the helium is not observed simply because it is not in the star. We also present light curves and spectra of these compact helium-depleted stars compared to models with more conventional helium layers.
Frey, Lucille H. [HPC-3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Fryer, Chris L. [CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Young, Patrick A. [School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85276 (United States)
Quantum Inequality Restrictions on Negative Energy Densities in Curved Spacetimes
In quantum field theory, there exist states in which the expectation value of the energy density for a quantized field is negative. These negative energy densities lead to many problems. Although quantum field theory introduces negative energies, it also provides constraints in the form of quantum inequalities (QI's). These uncertainty principle-type relations limit the magnitude and duration of any negative energy. We derive a general form of the QI on the energy density for both the quantized scalar and electromagnetic fields in static curved spacetimes. In the case of the scalar field, the QI can be written as the Euclidean wave operator acting on the Euclidean Green's function. Additionally, a small distance expansion on the Green's function is used to derive the QI in the short sampling time limit. It is found that the QI in this limit reduces to the flat space form with subdominant correction terms which depend on the spacetime geometry. Several example spacetimes are studied in which exact forms of the QI's can be found. These include the three- and four-dimensional static Robertson-Walker spacetimes, flat space with perfectly reflecting mirrors, Rindler and static de Sitter space, and the spacetime outside a black hole. Finally, the application of the quantum inequalities to the Alcubierre warp drive spacetime leads to strict constraints on the thickness of the negative energy region needed to maintain the warp drive. Under these constraints, we discover that the total negative energy required exceeds the total mass of the visible universe by a hundred billion times.
Michael John Pfenning; L. H. Ford
Curved butterfly bileaflet prosthetic cardiac valve
An annular valve body having a central passageway for the flow of blood therethrough with two curved leaflets each of which is pivotally supported on an accentric positioned axis in the central passageway for moving between a closed position and an open position. The leaflets are curved in a plane normal to the eccentric axis and positioned with the convex side of the leaflets facing each other when the leaflets are in the open position. Various parameters such as the curvature of the leaflets, the location of the eccentric axis, and the maximum opening angle of the leaflets are optimized according to the following performance criteria: maximize the minimum peak velocity through the valve, maximize the net stroke volume, and minimize the mean forward pressure difference, thereby reducing thrombosis and improving the hemodynamic performance.
McQueen, David M. (185 Hillside Ave., Chatham, NJ 07928); Peskin, Charles S. (186 Harrard Dr., Hartsdale, NY 10530)
controlled loads (TCLs) has demonstrated that such load following is feasible, but analyt- ical models) is well matched to the role of load following. Re- search into the behavior of TCLs began with the work was then employed in a minimum variance control law to demonstrate the load following capability of a population
Hiskens, Ian A.
Galaxy rotation curves in de Sitter space
Dark energy inferred from the observed negative deceleration parameter introduces a small mass of the graviton, that satisfies the Higuchi stability condition. It implies an infra-red modification of gravitation that produces Milgrom's inverse distance law of gravitational attraction in excellent agreement with the observed galaxy rotation curves. We conclude that dark matter is present cosmologically with no need for local clustering in galaxies.
Maurice H. P. M. van Putten
Light Curves of Swift Gamma Ray Bursts
Recent observations from the Swift gamma-ray burst mission indicate that a fraction of gamma ray bursts are characterized by a canonical behaviour of the X-ray afterglows. We present an effective theory which allows us to account for X-ray light curves of both (short - long) gamma ray bursts and X-ray rich flashes. We propose that gamma ray bursts originate from massive magnetic powered pulsars.
Paolo Cea
Particle transport in turbulent curved pipe flow
Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle-laden turbulent flow in straight, mildly curved and strongly bent pipes are performed in which the solid phase is modelled as small heavy spherical particles. The objective is to examine the effect of the curvature on particle transport and accumulation, in particular how the turbophoretic drift of the particles is affected by weak and strong secondary motions of the carrier phase and geometry-induced centrifugal forces. A total of seven populations of dilute particles with different Stokes numbers, one-way coupled with their carrier phase, are simulated. Even a slight non-zero curvature in the flow configuration shows a strong impact on the particle dynamics. Near-wall helicoidal particle streaks are observed in the curved configurations with their inclination varying with the strength of the secondary motion of the carrier phase. A reflection layer, as previously observed in particle laden turbulent S-shaped channels, is also apparent in the strongly curved pip...
Noorani, Azad; Brandt, Luca; Schlatter, Philipp
Rotation Curve Measurement using Cross-Correlation
Longslit spectroscopy is entering an era of increased spatial and spectral resolution and increased sample size. Improved instruments reveal complex velocity structure that cannot be described with a one-dimensional rotation curve, yet samples are too numerous to examine each galaxy in detail. Therefore, one goal of rotation curve measurement techniques is to flag cases in which the kinematic structure of the galaxy is more complex than a single-valued curve. We examine cross-correlation as a technique that is easily automated and works for low signal-to-noise spectra. We show that the technique yields well-defined errors which increase when the simple spectral model (template) is a poor match to the data, flagging those cases for later inspection. We compare the technique to the more traditional, parametric technique of simultaneous emission line fitting. When the line profile at a single slit position is non-Gaussian, the techniques disagree. For our model spectra with two well-separated velocity components, assigned velocities from the two techniques differ by up to ~52% of the velocity separation of the model components. However, careful use of the error statistics for either technique allows one to flag these non-Gaussian spectra.
Elizabeth J. Barton; Sheila J. Kannappan; Michael J. Kurtz; Margaret J. Geller
Incorporating Experience Curves in Appliance Standards Analysis
The technical analyses in support of U.S. energy conservation standards for residential appliances and commercial equipment have typically assumed that manufacturing costs and retail prices remain constant during the projected 30-year analysis period. There is, however, considerable evidence that this assumption does not reflect real market prices. Costs and prices generally fall in relation to cumulative production, a phenomenon known as experience and modeled by a fairly robust empirical experience curve. Using price data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and shipment data obtained as part of the standards analysis process, we present U.S. experience curves for room air conditioners, clothes dryers, central air conditioners, furnaces, and refrigerators and freezers. These allow us to develop more representative appliance price projections than the assumption-based approach of constant prices. These experience curves were incorporated into recent energy conservation standards for these products. The impact on the national modeling can be significant, often increasing the net present value of potential standard levels in the analysis. In some cases a previously cost-negative potential standard level demonstrates a benefit when incorporating experience. These results imply that past energy conservation standards analyses may have undervalued the economic benefits of potential standard levels.
Garbesi, Karina; Chan, Peter; Greenblatt, Jeffery; Kantner, Colleen; Lekov, Alex; Meyers, Stephen; Rosenquist, Gregory; Buskirk, Robert Van; Yang, Hung-Chia; Desroches, Louis-Benoit
Please cite this article in press as: White III, R.A., et al., Digital PCR provides absolute quantitation of viral load for an occult RNA virus. J. Virol. Methods (2011), doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.017
without need for a standard curve. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. 1. Introduction20 Viral load testing quantitation of viral load for an occult RNA virus. J. Virol. Methods (2011), doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.elsevier.com/locate/jviromet Digital PCR provides absolute quantitation of viral load for an occult RNA virus1 Richard Allen White IIIa
Quake, Stephen R.
Course: M.S. in Library and Information Science Test Code: PLA (Forenoon) Duration: 2 hours
Course: M.S. in Library and Information Science Test Code: PLA (Forenoon) Duration: 2 hours Science)-2013 Sub: Library & Information Science Test Code: PLA Duration: 2 hours 1) If p/q = 33 what
Bandyopadhyay, Antar
E-Print Network 3.0 - assess duration methods Sample Search Results
duration methods Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: assess duration methods Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 The U.S. Army Corps of...
Model of medical supply demand and astronaut health for long-duration human space flight
The medical care of space crews is the primary limiting factor in the achievement of long-duration space missions. (Nicogossian 2003) The goal of this thesis was to develop a model of long-duration human space flight ...
Assad, Albert
Neurocontrol of Pressurized Water Reactors in Load-Follow Operations
The neurocontrol technique was applied to control a pressurized water reactor (PWR) in load-follow operations. Generalized learning or direct inverse control architecture was adopted in which the neural network was trained off-line to learn the inverse model of the PWR. Two neural network controllers were designed: One provided control rod position, which controlled the axial power distribution, and the other provided the change in boron concentration, which adjusted core total power. An additional feedback controller was designed so that power tracking capability was improved. The time duration between control actions was 15 min; thus, the xenon effect is limited and can be neglected. Therefore, the xenon concentration was not considered as a controller input variable, which simplified controller design. Center target strategy and minimum boron strategy were used to operate the reactor, and the simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controller.
Lin Chaung; Shen Chihming
Review of the margins for ASME code fatigue design curve - effects of surface roughness and material variability.
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of nuclear power plant components. The Code specifies fatigue design curves for structural materials. However, the effects of light water reactor (LWR) coolant environments are not explicitly addressed by the Code design curves. Existing fatigue strain-vs.-life ({var_epsilon}-N) data illustrate potentially significant effects of LWR coolant environments on the fatigue resistance of pressure vessel and piping steels. This report provides an overview of the existing fatigue {var_epsilon}-N data for carbon and low-alloy steels and wrought and cast austenitic SSs to define the effects of key material, loading, and environmental parameters on the fatigue lives of the steels. Experimental data are presented on the effects of surface roughness on the fatigue life of these steels in air and LWR environments. Statistical models are presented for estimating the fatigue {var_epsilon}-N curves as a function of the material, loading, and environmental parameters. Two methods for incorporating environmental effects into the ASME Code fatigue evaluations are discussed. Data available in the literature have been reviewed to evaluate the conservatism in the existing ASME Code fatigue evaluations. A critical review of the margins for ASME Code fatigue design curves is presented.
Chopra, O. K.; Shack, W. J.; Energy Technology
Online Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 Piotr Berman
), the load of a machine i in schedule s and Load(s), the load of entire schedule s as follows: load(s; i) = 1OnÂline Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 Piotr Berman The Pennsylvania State University of randomized algorithms for this problem. Key Words: onÂline algorithm, load balancing, related machines
Charikar, Moses
Modeling software artifact count attribute with s-curves
????????.???????. 44 16 Linear graph of various intercept parameter values ????????... 45 17 S-curves with various generator parameter values ?????????. 46 18 Linear fit with various generator parameter values ????????? 47 19 S-curve with various expected maximum... Artifact Graph (NPAG) Format ????.. 34 D. S-curve and Straight Line Description .......................................... 41 1. The Readiness Parameter ?????????????. 44 2. The Generation Parameter ????????????? 46 3. The S-curve Constant...
Ma, Norman K.
…………………….…………………. 44 16 Linear graph of various intercept parameter values ……………………... 45 17 S-curves with various generator parameter values ………………………. 46 18 Linear fit with various generator parameter values ……………………… 47 19 S-curve with various expected maximum... Artifact Graph (NPAG) Format ………….. 34 D. S-curve and Straight Line Description .......................................... 41 1. The Readiness Parameter …………………………………. 44 2. The Generation Parameter ………………………………… 46 3. The S-curve Constant...
Ma, Norman K
Algorithms for Mumford Curves Ralph Morrison and Qingchun Ren
discuss specific methods and future work for hyperelliptic Mumford curves. 1. Introduction Curves over non geometry, which looks at the images in Rn of curves under coordinate-wise valuation, these are balanced complete with respect to a nontrivial non-archimedean valuation. Unless otherwise stated, | · | will denote
Oil production models with normal rate curves Dudley Stark
Oil production models with normal rate curves Dudley Stark School of Mathematical Sciences Queen;Abstract The normal curve has been used to fit the rate of both world and U.S.A. oil production. In this paper we give the first theoretical basis for these curve fittings. It is well known that oil field
Stark, Dudley
Geodesic conic subdivision curves on surfaces J. Estrada Sarlabous
Geodesic conic subdivision curves on surfaces J. Estrada Sarlabous V. Hern´andez Mederos N. L Matem´atica UFAL Maceio, Brazil Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Fig. 1. Geodesic conic subdivision curves is inspired in the concept of geodesic B´ezier curves. Starting with a geodesic control polygon with vertices
HOW MUCH INFLUENCE DOES CONSTRUCTION HAVE ON CURVED STEEL BRIDGES? RESULTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY IBC-00-58 Keywords: curved, steel, girder, bridge, construction, erection, fabrication, testing and analytical research program to study curved steel bridge behavior. The program centered on testing a series
COMPUTER GENERATION OF TYPE CURVES A REPORT SUBMITIED TO THE DEPARTMENTOF PETROLEUMENGINEERING data. This paper presents some previously published type curves and the computer programs that were between two parallel sealing faults. The governing equations for these curves are derived. The computer
Stanford University
Tracking Endocardium Using Optical Flow along Iso-Value Curve
1 Tracking Endocardium Using Optical Flow along Iso-Value Curve Qi Duan1, Elsa D. Angelini2 indicators. · A framework of optical flow along iso-value curves is proposed and applied to several cardiac;9 OF along Iso-value Curves · In myocardial motion analysis, motion fields are projected along specific
Calibrating Curved Crystals Used for Plasma Spectroscopy
The throughput and resolving power of an X-ray spectrometer that uses a curved crystal as the diffraction element is determined primarily by the crystal X-ray reflectivity properties. This poster presents a measurement technique for these crystal parameters using a simple diode source to produce a narrow spectral band. The results from measurements on concave elliptical polyethylene terephthalate (PET) crystals and convex potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystals show large variations in the key parameters compared to those from the flat crystal.
Haugh, M. J., Jacoby, K. D., Ross, P. W., Rochau, G. Wu, M., Regan, S. P., Barrios, M. A.
Wave regularity in curve integrable spacetimes
The idea of defining a gravitational singularity as an obstruction to the dynamical evolution of a test field (described by a PDE) rather than the dynamical evolution of a particle (described by a geodesics) is explored. In particular, the concept of wave regularity is introduced which serves to show that the classical singularities in curve integrable spacetimes do not interrupt the well-posedness of the wave equation. The techniques used also provide arguments that can be extended to establish when a classically singular spacetime remains singular in a semi-classical picture.
Yafet Sanchez Sanchez
Decline curve analysis for horizontal wells
support kept me from losing sight of my goals. Thanks to Sam Hou, Joseph Wang, Robert Liau, James Wang, and Shou for their company and in particular to Li Fan and Mrs. Shou-Lee Chang for their caring and delicious meals when I forgot my dinner. Thanks... Pressure (L/2xe= 0. 2) Composite Dimensionless Flow Rate Integral and Flow Rate Integral Derivative Functions Type Curve for an Infinite-Conductivity Horizontal Well Located in the Center of a Square Drainage Area, Producing at Constant Bottomhole...
Shih, Min-Yu
Numerical analysis of the laterally loaded piles in the Kuwait offshore environment
An attempt is made to present an automated analysis of laterally loaded piles using subgrade reaction theory and the P-delta curves governing the soil properties. The finite difference method is applied in establishing the governing equations. The pile response is obtained using the boundary conditions improved by Newtonian method. Results obtained are forces, moments, deflections and soil reactions for various depths of strata in which such piles exist. Based on these results future recommendations are made.
Al-Obaid, Y.F.
Independent review of estimated load reductions for PJM's small customer load response pilot project
of Estimated Load Reductions for PJM's Small Customer Loadof Estimated Load Reductions for PJM's Small Customer LoadResponse Pilot Project Prepared for PJM Interconnection, LLC
Heffner, G.; Moezzi, M.; Goldman, C.
Spinning Reserve From Hotel Load Response: Initial Progress
This project was motivated by the fundamental match between hotel space conditioning load response capability and power system contingency response needs. As power system costs rise and capacity is strained demand response can provide a significant system reliability benefit at a potentially attractive cost. At ORNL s suggestion, Digital Solutions Inc. adapted its hotel air conditioning control technology to supply power system spinning reserve. This energy saving technology is primarily designed to provide the hotel operator with the ability to control individual room temperature set-points based upon occupancy (25% to 50% energy savings based on an earlier study [Kirby and Ally, 2002]). DSI added instantaneous local load shedding capability in response to power system frequency and centrally dispatched load shedding capability in response to power system operator command. The 162 room Music Road Hotel in Pigeon Forge Tennessee agreed to host the spinning reserve test. The Tennessee Valley Authority supplied real-time metering equipment in the form of an internet connected Dranetz-BMI power quality meter and monitoring expertise to record total hotel load during both normal operations and test results. The Sevier County Electric System installed the metering. Preliminary testing showed that hotel load can be curtailed by 22% to 37% depending on the outdoor temperature and the time of day. These results are prior to implementing control over the common area air conditioning loads. Testing was also not at times of highest system or hotel loading. Full response occurred in 12 to 60 seconds from when the system operator s command to shed load was issued. The load drop was very rapid, essentially as fast as the 2 second metering could detect, with all units responding essentially simultaneously. Load restoration was ramped back in over several minutes. The restoration ramp can be adjusted to the power system needs. Frequency response testing was not completed. Initial testing showed that the units respond very quickly. Problems with local power quality generated false low frequency signals which required testing to be stopped. This should not be a problem in actual operation since the frequency trip points will be staggered to generate a droop curve which mimics generator governor response. The actual trip frequencies will also be low enough to avoid power quality problems. The actual trip frequencies are too low to generate test events with sufficient regularity to complete testing in a reasonable amount of time. Frequency response testing will resume once the local power quality problem is fully understood and reasonable test frequency settings can be determined. Overall the preliminary testing was extremely successful. The hotel response capability matches the power system reliability need, being faster than generation response and inherently available when the power system is under the most stress (times of high system and hotel load). Periodic testing is scheduled throughout the winter and spring to characterize hotel response capability under a full range of conditions. More extensive testing will resume when summer outdoor temperatures are again high enough to fully test hotel response.
Kueck, John D [ORNL; Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL
Duration Test Report for the Ventera VT10 Wind Turbine
This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small wind turbines. Five turbines were tested at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as a part of round one of this project. Duration testing is one of up to five tests that may be performed on the turbines, including power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality. Test results will provide manufacturers with reports that can be used to fulfill part of the requirements for small wind turbine certification. The test equipment included a grid-connected Ventera Energy Corporation VT10 wind turbine mounted on an 18.3-m (60-ft) self-supporting lattice tower manufactured by Rohn.
Duration Test Report for the SWIFT Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. Three turbines where selected for testing at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of round two of the Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing project. Duration testing is one of up to 5 tests that may be performed on the turbines. Other tests include power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality. The results of the testing will provide the manufacturers with reports that may be used for small wind turbine certification.
Mendoza, I.; Hur, J.
Spinning Reserve From Responsive Loads
Responsive load is the most underutilized reliability resource available to the power system today. It is currently not used at all to provide spinning reserve. Historically there were good reasons for this, but recent technological advances in communications and controls have provided new capabilities and eliminated many of the old obstacles. North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC), New York State Reliability Council (NYSRC), and New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) rules are beginning to recognize these changes and are starting to encourage responsive load provision of reliability services. The Carrier ComfortChoice responsive thermostats provide an example of these technological advances. This is a technology aimed at reducing summer peak demand through central control of residential and small commercial air-conditioning loads. It is being utilized by Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), Consolidated Edison (ConEd), Southern California Edison (SCE), and San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E). The technology is capable of delivering even greater response in the faster spinning reserve time frame (while still providing peak reduction). Analysis of demand reduction testing results from LIPA during the summer of 2002 provides evidence to back up this claim. It also demonstrates that loads are different from generators and that the conventional wisdom, which advocates for starting with large loads as better ancillary service providers, is flawed. The tempting approach of incrementally adapting ancillary service requirements, which were established when generators were the only available resources, will not work. While it is easier for most generators to provide replacement power and non-spinning reserve (the slower response services) than it is to supply spinning reserve (the fastest service), the opposite is true for many loads. Also, there is more financial reward for supplying spinning reserve than for supplying the other reserve services as a result of the higher spinning reserve prices. The LIPAedge program (LIPA's demand reduction program using Carrier ComfortChoice thermostats) provides an opportunity to test the use of responsive load for spinning reserve. With potentially 75 MW of spinning reserve capability already installed, this test program can also make an important contribution to the capacity needs of Long Island during the summer of 2003. Testing could also be done at ConEd ({approx}30 MW), SCE ({approx}15 MW), and/or SDG&E ({approx}15 MW). This paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the contingency reserve ancillary services, their functions in supporting power system reliability, and their technical requirements. It also discusses the policy and tariff requirements and attempts to distinguish between ones that are genuinely necessary and ones that are artifacts of the technologies that were historically used to provide the services. Chapter 3 discusses how responsive load could provide contingency reserves (especially spinning reserve) for the power system. Chapter 4 specifically discusses the Carrier ComfortChoice responsive thermostat technology, the LIPAedge experience with that technology, and how the technology could be used to supply spinning reserve. Chapter 5 discusses a number of unresolved issues and suggests areas for further research. Chapter 6 offers conclusions and recommendations.
Kirby, B.J.
The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS) at the Rochester Institute of Technology, along with the Savannah River National Laboratory is investigating passive methods to quantify vehicle loading. The research described in this paper investigates multiple vehicle indicators including brake temperature, tire temperature, engine temperature, acceleration and deceleration rates, engine acoustics, suspension response, tire deformation and vibrational response. Our investigation into these variables includes building and implementing a sensing system for data collection as well as multiple full-scale vehicle tests. The sensing system includes; infrared video cameras, triaxial accelerometers, microphones, video cameras and thermocouples. The full scale testing includes both a medium size dump truck and a tractor-trailer truck on closed courses with loads spanning the full range of the vehicle's capacity. Statistical analysis of the collected data is used to determine the effectiveness of each of the indicators for characterizing the weight of a vehicle. The final sensing system will monitor multiple load indicators and combine the results to achieve a more accurate measurement than any of the indicators could provide alone.
Garrett, A.
Algebraic quantum field theory in curved spacetimes
This article sets out the framework of algebraic quantum field theory in curved spacetimes, based on the idea of local covariance. In this framework, a quantum field theory is modelled by a functor from a category of spacetimes to a category of ($C^*$)-algebras obeying supplementary conditions. Among other things: (a) the key idea of relative Cauchy evolution is described in detail, and related to the stress-energy tensor; (b) a systematic "rigidity argument" is used to generalise results from flat to curved spacetimes; (c) a detailed discussion of the issue of selection of physical states is given, linking notions of stability at microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales; (d) the notion of subtheories and global gauge transformations are formalised; (e) it is shown that the general framework excludes the possibility of there being a single preferred state in each spacetime, if the choice of states is local and covariant. Many of the ideas are illustrated by the example of the free Klein-Gordon theory, which is given a new "universal definition".
Christopher J. Fewster; Rainer Verch
Residential Load Management Program and Pilot
In 1986 LCRA embarked on residential load management to control peak summer loads. At that time, LCRA was considered a summer peaking utility, and residential air conditioning and water heating systems were selected for control. The program...
Haverlah, D.; Riordon, K.
Helicase Loading at Chromosomal Origins of Replication
Loading of the replicative DNA helicase at origins of replication is of central importance in DNA replication. As the first of the replication fork proteins assemble at chromosomal origins of replication, the loaded helicase ...
Bell, Stephen P.
Physical modeling of the soil swelling curve vs. the shrinkage curve
Physical understanding of the links between soil swelling, texture, structure, cracking, and sample size is of great interest for the physical understanding of many processes in the soil-air-water system and for applications in civil, agricultural, and environmental engineering. The background of this work is an available chain of interconnected physical shrinkage curve models for clay, intra-aggregate matrix, aggregated soil without cracks, and soil with cracks. The objective of the work is to generalize these models to the case of swelling, and to construct the physical-swelling-model chain with a step-by-step transition from clay to aggregated soil with cracks. The generalization is based on thorough accounting for the analogies and differences between shrinkage and swelling and the corresponding use, modification, or replacement of the soil shrinkage features. Two specific soil swelling features to be used are: (i) air entrapping in pores of the contributing clay; and (ii) aggregate destruction with the formation of new aggregate surfaces. The input for the prediction of the swelling curve of an aggregated soil coincides with that of the available model of the shrinkage curve. The analysis of available data on the maximum shrink-swell cycle of two soils with different texture and structure, accounting for sample size is conducted as applied to swelling curves and to the residual crack volume and maximum-swelling-volume decrease after the shrink-swell cycle. Results of the analysis show evidence in favor of the swelling model chain.
Curved Spacetimes and Curved Graphene: a status report of the Weyl-symmetry approach
This is a status report about the ongoing work on the realization of quantum field theory on curved graphene spacetimes that uses Weyl symmetry. The programme is actively pursued from many different perspectives. Here we point to what has been done, and to what needs to be done.
Iorio, Alfredo
Alfredo Iorio
Communication Load Reduction for Neural Network Implementations
the total amount of communication load, followed by a placement of partitions onto proces- sors 3]. We
Behnke, Sven
Plug Load Behavioral Change Demonstration Project
This report documents the methods and results of a plug load study of the Environmental Protection Agency's Region 8 Headquarters in Denver, Colorado, conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The study quantified the effect of mechanical and behavioral change approaches on plug load energy reduction and identified effective ways to reduce plug load energy. Load reduction approaches included automated energy management systems and behavioral change strategies.
Metzger, I.; Kandt, A.; VanGeet, O.
Analysis Methodology for Industrial Load Profiles
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL LOAD PROFILES Thomas W. Reddoch Executive Vice President Eleclrolek Concepts, Inc. Knoxvillc, Tennessee ABSTRACT A methodology is provided for evaluating the impact of various demand-side management... (OSM) options on industrial customers. The basic approach uses customer metered load profile data as a basis for the customer load shape. OSM technologies are represented as load shapes and are used as a basis for altering the customers existing...
Reddoch, T. W.
A Novel Approach to Determining Motor Load
A NOVEL APPROACH TO DETERMINING MOTOR LOAD by Michael Brown Georgia Tech Research Institute Atlanta, Georgia ABSTRACf Properly sized electric motors are essential if industrial plant efficiency is to be optimized and energy costs... minimized. Because of the difficully in making power measurements on three phase motors, loading is rarely, if ever, checked. A simple indication of motor load can be achieved by measuring operating speed because speed and load are almost linearly...
Brown, M.
Investigation of sands subjected to dynamic loading
become apparent that dynamic, or sud- denly applied loads, present a different type of problem to the engineer. Wind loads on tall structures, pile driving, nuclear blasts, and many other familiar loading conditions cannot be de- scribed or handled... an earthquake or nuclear blast. Also under this category of loading is the pulse which would be purposely induced to fail the soil structure for the purpose of excavation or pile driving. As part of a broader research project concerned with pile dri- ving...
Reeves, Gary Neil
Combining Droop Curve Concepts with Control Systems for Wind Turbine Active Power Control: Preprint
Wind energy is becoming a larger portion of the global energy portfolio and wind penetration has increased dramatically in certain regions of the world. This increasing wind penetration has driven the need for wind turbines to provide active power control (APC) services to the local utility grid, as wind turbines do not intrinsically provide frequency regulation services that are common with traditional generators. It is common for large scale wind turbines to be decoupled from the utility grid via power electronics, which allows the turbine to synthesize APC commands via control of the generator torque and blade pitch commands. Consequently, the APC services provided by a wind turbine can be more flexible than those provided by conventional generators. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of both static and dynamic droop curves to measure grid frequency and output delta power reference signals to a novel power set point tracking control system. The combined droop curve and power tracking controller is simulated and comparisons are made between simulations using various droop curve parameters and stochastic wind conditions. The tradeoffs involved with aggressive response to frequency events are analyzed. At the turbine level, simulations are performed to analyze induced structural loads. At the grid level, simulations test a wind plant's response to a dip in grid frequency.
Buckspan, A.; Aho, J.; Pao, L.; Fleming, P.; Jeong, Y.
System and method employing a minimum distance and a load feature database to identify electric load types of different electric loads
A method identifies electric load types of a plurality of different electric loads. The method includes providing a load feature database of a plurality of different electric load types, each of the different electric load types including a first load feature vector having at least four different load features; sensing a voltage signal and a current signal for each of the different electric loads; determining a second load feature vector comprising at least four different load features from the sensed voltage signal and the sensed current signal for a corresponding one of the different electric loads; and identifying by a processor one of the different electric load types by determining a minimum distance of the second load feature vector to the first load feature vector of the different electric load types of the load feature database.
Lu, Bin; Yang, Yi; Sharma, Santosh K; Zambare, Prachi; Madane, Mayura A
Properly Evaluating load-following products
The authors briefly survey the jurisdictions where load-following products have been successfully used, examine the characteristics of the load-following products, and explain the shortcomings and inaccurate conclusions of previous analyses. A more thorough analysis reveals that the load-following products fulfill the public policy objectives for which they have been designed and do not adversely impact wholesale electricity markets.
Cavicchi, Joseph; Lemon, Andrew
Quantum fields on closed timelike curves
Recently, there has been much interest in the evolution of quantum particles on closed timelike curves (CTCs). However, such models typically assume pointlike particles with only two degrees of freedom; a very questionable assumption given the relativistic setting of the problem. We show that it is possible to generalize the Deutsch model of CTCs to fields using the equivalent circuit formalism. We give examples for coherent, squeezed, and single-photon states interacting with the CTC via a beamsplitter. The model is then generalized further to account for the smooth transition to normal quantum mechanics as the CTC becomes much smaller than the size of the modes interacting on it. In this limit, we find that the system behaves like a standard quantum-mechanical feedback loop.
Pienaar, J. L.; Myers, C. R.; Ralph, T. C. [School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland (Australia)
Investigating the performance of catalyst layer micro-structures with different platinum loadings
In this study a four-phase micro-structure of a PEFC catalyst layer was reconstructed by randomly placing overlapping spheres for each solid catalyst phase. The micro-structure was mirrored to make a micro-structure. A body-fit computational mesh was produced for the reconstructed micro-structure in OpenFOAM. Associated conservation equations were solved within all the phases with electrochemical reaction as the boundary condition at the interface between ionomer and platinum phases. The study is focused on the platinum loading of CL. The polarization curves of the micro-structure performance have been compared for different platinum loadings. This paper gives increased insight into the relatively greater losses at decreased platinum loadings.
Khakaz-Baboli, Moben; Harvey, David; Pharoah, Jon
1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Loads and Resources Study is presented in three documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; (2) a technical appendix detailing forecasted Pacific Northwest economic trends and loads, and (3) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a range of forecasted electricity consumption. The forecasted future electricity demands -- firm loads -- are subtracted from the projected capability of existing and {open_quotes}contracted for{close_quotes} resources to determine whether Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the region will be surplus or deficit. If resources are greater than loads in any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA can sell to increase revenues. Conversely, if firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity, and additional conservation, contract purchases, or generating resources will be needed to meet load growth. The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study analyzes the Pacific Northwest`s projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) the larger Pacific Northwest regional power system, which includes loads and resource in addition to the Federal system. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA) produced by the Pacific Northwest Coordinating Group. This study presents the Federal system and regional analyses for five load forecasts: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for Operating Years (OY) 1994--95 through 2003--04.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
High loading uranium fuel plate
Two embodiments of a high uranium fuel plate are disclosed which contain a meat comprising structured uranium compound confined between a pair of diffusion bonded ductile metal cladding plates uniformly covering the meat, the meat having a uniform high fuel loading comprising a content of uranium compound greater than about 45 Vol. % at a porosity not greater than about 10 Vol. %. In a first embodiment, the meat is a plurality of parallel wires of uranium compound. In a second embodiment, the meat is a dispersion compact containing uranium compound. The fuel plates are fabricated by a hot isostatic pressing process.
Wiencek, Thomas C. (Bolingbrook, IL); Domagala, Robert F. (Indian Head Park, IL); Thresh, Henry R. (Palos Heights, IL)
Automated fuel pin loading system
An automated loading system for nuclear reactor fuel elements utilizes a gravity feed conveyor which permits individual fuel pins to roll along a constrained path perpendicular to their respective lengths. The individual lengths of fuel cladding are directed onto movable transports, where they are aligned coaxially with the axes of associated handling equipment at appropriate production stations. Each fuel pin can be reciprocated axially and/or rotated about its axis as required during handling steps. The fuel pins are inserted as a batch prior to welding of end caps by one of two disclosed welding systems.
Christiansen, David W. (Kennewick, WA); Brown, William F. (West Richland, WA); Steffen, Jim M. (Richland, WA)
Broad band turbulent spectra in gamma-ray burst light curves
Broad band power density spectra offer a window to understanding turbulent behavior in the emission mechanism and, at the highest frequencies, in the putative inner engines powering long GRBs. We describe a chirp search method which steps aside Fourier analysis for signal detection in the Poisson noise-dominated 2 kHz sampled BeppoSAX light curves. An efficient numerical implementation is described in $O(Nn\\log n)$ operations, where $N$ is the number of chirp templates and $n$ is the length of the light curve time series, suited for embarrassingly parallel processing. For detection of individual chirps of duration $\\tau=1$ s, the method is one order of magnitude more sensitive in SNR than Fourier analysis. The Fourier-chirp spectra of GRB 010408 and GRB 970816 show a continuation of the spectral slope up to 1 kHz of turbulence identified in low frequency Fourier analysis. The same continuation is observed in an ensemble averaged spectrum of 40 bright long GRBs. An outlook on a similar analysis of upcoming gra...
van Putten, Maurice H P M; Frontera, Filippo
High payload six-axis load sensor
A repairable high-payload six-axis load sensor includes a table, a base, and at least three shear-pin load transducers removably mounted between the table and the base. Removable mounting permits easy replacement of damaged shear pins. Preferably, the shear-pin load transducers are responsive to shear forces imparted along the two axes perpendicular to an axis of minimum sensitivity characteristic of the transducer. Responsive to an applied shear force, each shear-pin load transducer can produce an electrical signal proportional to the reaction force. The load sensor can further include a structure for receiving the proportional electrical signals and computing the applied load corresponding to the proportional electrical signals. The computed load can be expressed in terms of a three-dimensional XYZ Cartesian coordinate system.
Jansen, John F. (Knoxville, TN); Lind, Randall F. (Knoxville, TN)
Low reflectance radio frequency load
A load for traveling microwave energy has an absorptive volume defined by cylindrical body enclosed by a first end cap and a second end cap. The first end cap has an aperture for the passage of an input waveguide with a rotating part that is coupled to a reflective mirror. The inner surfaces of the absorptive volume consist of a resistive material or are coated with a coating which absorbs a fraction of incident RF energy, and the remainder of the RF energy reflects. The angle of the reflector and end caps is selected such that reflected RF energy dissipates an increasing percentage of the remaining RF energy at each reflection, and the reflected RF energy which returns to the rotating mirror is directed to the back surface of the rotating reflector, and is not coupled to the input waveguide. Additionally, the reflector may have a surface which generates a more uniform power distribution function axially and laterally, to increase the power handling capability of the RF load. The input waveguide may be corrugated for HE11 mode input energy.
Ives, R. Lawrence; Mizuhara, Yosuke M
E-Print Network 3.0 - affect employment duration Sample Search...
Collection: Environmental Sciences and Ecology ; Engineering 71 A Quantitative Study of User Satisfaction in Online Video Streaming Summary: affect session duration are regarded as...
Construction of Fractal Surfaces by Recurrent Fractal Interpolation Curves
A method to construct fractal surfaces by recurrent fractal curves is provided. First we construct fractal interpolation curves using a recurrent iterated functions system(RIFS) with function scaling factors and estimate their box-counting dimension. Then we present a method of construction of wider class of fractal surfaces by fractal curves and Lipschitz functions and calculate the box-counting dimension of the constructed surfaces. Finally, we combine both methods to have more flexible constructions of fractal surfaces.
Chol-hui Yun; Hyong-chol O.; Hui-chol Choi
D-Branes in Curved Space
This thesis is a study of D-branes in string compactifications. In this context, D-branes are relevant as an important component of the nonperturbative spectrum, as an incisive probe of these backgrounds, and as a natural stringy tool for localizing gauge interactions. In the first part of the thesis, we discuss half-BPS D-branes in compactifications of type II string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The results we describe for these objects are pertinent both in their role as stringy brane-worlds, and in their role as solitonic objects. In particular, we determine couplings of these branes to the moduli determining the closed-string geometry, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively in the worldsheet expansion. We provide a local model for transitions in moduli space where the BPS spectrum jumps, and discuss the extension of mirror symmetry between Calabi-Yau manifolds to the case when D-branes are present. The next section is an interlude which provides some applications of D-branes to other curved backgrounds of string theory. In particular, we discuss a surprising phenomenon in which fundamental strings moving through background Ramond-Ramond fields dissolve into large spherical D3-branes. This mechanism is used to explain a previously-mysterious fact discovered via the AdS-CFT correspondence. Next, we make a connection between type IIA string vacua of the type discussed in the first section and M-theory compactifications on manifolds of G{sub 2} holonomy. Finally we discuss constructions of string vacua which do not have large radius limits. In the final part of the thesis, we develop techniques for studying the worldsheets of open strings ending on the curved D-branes studied in the first section. More precisely, we formulate a large class of massive two-dimensional gauge theories coupled to boundary matter, which flow in the infrared to the relevant boundary conformal field theories. Along with many other applications, these techniques are used to describe world-volume theories of point-like D-probes of various Calabi-Yau threefolds.
McGreevy, John Austen; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.
Comparison of operating speeds at spiral transition and circular curves
acceleration, fijs; and V = speed, mph In evaluating the models, it was found that the spiral length increases with increasing speed, but does not become unreasonably long. It was also found that the spiral length and spiral ang e epen o y on 1 d d nl... curves provide deceptive information to drivers is based on crash data for spiral curves, he does not present data for comparable circular curves In addition, the issue of whether the spiral curve is causing the crashes or whether crash rates...
Passetti, Karl Andrew
Calibration curves for some standard Gap Tests
The relative shock sensitivities of explosive compositions are commonly assessed using a family of experiments that can be described by the generic term ''Gap Test.'' Gap tests include a donor charge, a test sample, and a spacer, or gap, between two explosives charges. The donor charge, gap material, and test dimensions are held constant within each different version of the gap test. The thickness of the gap is then varied to find the value at which 50% of the test samples will detonate. The gap tests measure the ease with a high-order detonation can be established in the test explosive, or the ''detonability,'' of the explosive. Test results are best reported in terms of the gap thickness at the 50% point. It is also useful to define the shock pressure transmitted into the test sample at the detonation threshold. This requires calibrating the gap test in terms of shock pressure in the gap as a function of the gap thickness. It also requires a knowledge of the shock Hugoniot of the sample explosive. We used the 2DE reactive hydrodynamic code with Forest Fire burn rates for the donor explosives to calculate calibration curves for several gap tests. The model calculations give pressure and particle velocity on the centerline of the experimental set-up and provide information about the curvature and pulse width of the shock wave. 10 refs., 1 fig.
Bowman, A.L.; Sommer, S.C.
Ghost condensate model of flat rotation curves
An effective action of ghost condensate with higher derivatives creates a source of gravity and mimics a dark matter in spiral galaxies. We present a spherically symmetric static solution of Einstein--Hilbert equations with the ghost condensate at large distances, where flat rotation curves are reproduced in leading order over small ratio of two energy scales characterizing constant temporal and spatial derivatives of ghost field: $\\mu_*^2$ and $\\mu_\\star^2$, respectively, with a hierarchy $\\mu_\\star\\ll \\mu_*$. We assume that a mechanism of hierarchy is provided by a global monopole in the center of galaxy. An estimate based on the solution and observed velocities of rotations in the asymptotic region of flatness, gives $\\mu_*\\sim 10^{19}$ GeV and the monopole scale in a GUT range $\\mu_\\star\\sim 10^{16}$ GeV, while a velocity of rotation $v_0$ is determined by the ratio: $ \\sqrt{2} v_0^2= \\mu_\\star^2/\\mu_*^2$. A critical acceleration is introduced and naturally evaluated of the order of Hubble rate, that represents the Milgrom's acceleration.
V. V. Kiselev
Aerodynamics of a rigid curved kite wing
A preliminary numerical study on the aerodynamics of a kite wing for high altitude wind power generators is proposed. Tethered kites are a key element of an innovative wind energy technology, which aims to capture energy from the wind at higher altitudes than conventional wind towers. We present the results obtained from three-dimensional finite volume numerical simulations of the steady air flow past a three-dimensional curved rectangular kite wing (aspect ratio equal to 3.2, Reynolds number equal to 3x10^6). Two angles of incidence -- a standard incidence for the flight of a tethered airfoil (6{\\deg}) and an incidence close to the stall (18{\\deg}) -- were considered. The simulations were performed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes flow model using the industrial STAR-CCM+ code. The overall aerodynamic characteristics of the kite wing were determined and compared to the aerodynamic characteristics of the flat rectangular non twisted wing with an identical aspect ratio and section (Clark Y profil...
Maneia, Gianmauro; Tordella, Daniela; Iovieno, Michele
Instanton effects and quantum spectral curves
We study a spectral problem associated to the quantization of a spectral curve arising in local mirror symmetry. The perturbative WKB quantization condition is determined by the quantum periods, or equivalently by the refined topological string in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) limit. We show that the information encoded in the quantum periods is radically insufficient to determine the spectrum: there is an infinite series of instanton corrections, which are non-perturbative in \\hbar, and lead to an exact WKB quantization condition. Moreover, we conjecture the precise form of the instanton corrections: they are determined by the standard or un-refined topological string free energy, and we test our conjecture successfully against numerical calculations of the spectrum. This suggests that the non-perturbative sector of the NS refined topological string contains information about the standard topological string. As an application of the WKB quantization condition, we explain some recent observations relating membrane instanton corrections in ABJM theory to the refined topological string.
Johan Kallen; Marcos Marino
The observed positive cosmological constant $\\Lambda$ and Hubble constant $H_0$ introduce a background of de Sitter gravitons of mass $m_0=\\sqrt{\\Lambda}\\hbar/c$ at a non-relativistic temperature $k_BT_{dS}=a_{H}\\hbar/\\pi c$, $a_H=H_0c$, where $\\hbar$ denotes the Planck constant and $c$ the velocity of light. In this cosmology, gravitational interactions are parameterized by the inverse temperature $\\beta=T_{dS}/T$ of the vacuum. The high and low $\\beta$ limits produce an acceleration $a\\simeq\\sqrt{a_Na_0}$, $a_0=2a_{H}/(1+\\beta_{dS})\\simeq 1.37\\times 10^{-8}$ cm s$^{-2}$, observed in observed galaxy rotation curves and, respectively, Newton's law. Gravitation may be anomalously weak in a transition about $2.17\\, {M_{11}^{1/2}} \\, \\mbox{kpc}$ around a galaxy of $M=M_{11}10^{11}M_\\odot$.
Bulk Modulus Capacitor Load Cells
Measurement of forces present at various locations within the SSC Model Dipole collared coil assembly is of great practical interest to development engineers. Of particular interest are the forces between coils at the parting plane and forces that exist between coils and pole pieces. It is also desired to observe these forces under the various conditions that a magnet will experience such as: during the collaring process, post-collaring, under the influence of cryogens, and during field excitation. A twenty eight thousandths of an inch thick capacitor load cell which utilizes the hydrostatic condition of a stressed plastic dielectric has been designed. These cells are currently being installed on SSC Model Dipoles. The theory, development, and application of these cells will be discussed.
Dickey, C.E.
High voltage load resistor array
A high voltage resistor comprising an array of a plurality of parallel electrically connected resistor elements each containing a resistive solution, attached at each end thereof to an end plate, and about the circumference of each of the end plates, a corona reduction ring. Each of the resistor elements comprises an insulating tube having an electrode inserted into each end thereof and held in position by one or more hose clamps about the outer periphery of the insulating tube. According to a preferred embodiment, the electrode is fabricated from stainless steel and has a mushroom shape at one end, that inserted into the tube, and a flat end for engagement with the end plates that provides connection of the resistor array and with a load.
Lehmann, Monty Ray (Smithfield, VA)
Loads Providing Ancillary Services: Review of International Experience
In PJM for example, loads and generators that can follow theto generators and loads, who can follow operator's second bya reflection of the load's inability to follow minute-by-
Heffner, Grayson
Preliminary Evaluation of Load Management for Electricity End Users
The planning, design and implementation of load management is complex and expensive. The results of a load management program are subject to numerous uncertainties related to load characteristics, power cost savings, load management costs...
Collier, S. E.
Online Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 (Revised Piotr Berman
s as follows: load(s; i) = 1 v i X s(j)=i p j ; Load(s) = max i load(s; i) It is easy to observe that findingOnÂline Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 (Revised Version) Piotr Berman The Pennsylvania State of randomized algorithms for this problem. Key Words: onÂline algorithm, load balancing, related machines
Load Following)Imbalance Management (Load Following) Energy Imbalanceload participation in ancillary service markets, we offer the following
for generators. A partial list of load attributes andpartial list includes: • Minimum run times • Minimum off times • Minimum load •
18th AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Survey of Short Duration, Hypersonic and Hypervelocity Facilities
18th AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Conference #12;94-2491 Survey of Short Duration, Hypersonic 76019-0018 Hypersonic and hypervelocity testing relies to a large extent on short duration facilities activity con- fined mostly to hypersonic and hypervelocity regimes. Early development of such facilities
Texas at Arlington, University of
Estimating the Mean Response of Treatment Duration Regimes in an Observational Study
Introduction to Dynamic Treatment Regimes 2 #12;The ESPRIT Infusion Trial Study of the effect of Integrilin Integrilin infusion for 18-24 hours · Outcome: composite endpoint of death, MI, or urgent target on determining a "recommended" treatment duration. Treatment duration decision: · Infusion length ends when
Davidian, Marie
Search for Short Duration Bursts of TeV Gamma Rays with the Milagrito Telescope
OG 2.3.07 Search for Short Duration Bursts of TeV Gamma Rays with the Milagrito Telescope Gus for short duration bursts of TeV photons. Such bursts may result from "traditional" gamma-ray bursts to gamma-ray bursts, the final stages of black hole evaporation) the most compelling reason may
California at Santa Cruz, University of
MILAGRO CONSTRAINTS ON VERY HIGH ENERGY EMISSION FROM SHORT-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS A. A. Abdo,1 localizations of short, hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Swift and HETE satellites have led: bursts -- gamma rays: observations Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been classified by their durations
Air Conditioner Testing in WECC," IEEE Power Engineering Air Conditioner Modeling, WECC Load Modeling Task Force in power system studies: WECC progress update,? Power and
Lights HVAC Figure 15 Demand Response and Market AnalysisHVAC Load % of Total Hour of Day Figure 16 Demand Response and Market
Decentralized customerlevel under frequency load shedding in...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
project focuses on a smart demand side management of household consumers. Modern communication technology enables the management of large groups of distributed loads under a...
System and method employing a self-organizing map load feature database to identify electric load types of different electric loads
A method identifies electric load types of a plurality of different electric loads. The method includes providing a self-organizing map load feature database of a plurality of different electric load types and a plurality of neurons, each of the load types corresponding to a number of the neurons; employing a weight vector for each of the neurons; sensing a voltage signal and a current signal for each of the loads; determining a load feature vector including at least four different load features from the sensed voltage signal and the sensed current signal for a corresponding one of the loads; and identifying by a processor one of the load types by relating the load feature vector to the neurons of the database by identifying the weight vector of one of the neurons corresponding to the one of the load types that is a minimal distance to the load feature vector.
Lu, Bin; Harley, Ronald G.; Du, Liang; Yang, Yi; Sharma, Santosh K.; Zambare, Prachi; Madane, Mayura A.
Optimizing rotational acceleration curves for minimum energy use in electric
Optimizing rotational acceleration curves for minimum energy use in electric motors. 12/15/06 Fall the optimal efficiency of a motor for any input values of motor constants, distance, or time. In every of the inspiration to find which rotational acceleration curve for the used motors would be most efficient. We really
Ruina, Andy L.
PWP-028 THE ECONOMICS OF CONSERVED-ENERGY "SUPPLY" CURVES Steven Stoft April 1995 This paper Berkeley, California 94720-5180 www.ucei.berkeley.edu/ucei #12;PWP-028 THE ECONOMICS OF CONSERVED-ENERGY "SUPPLY" CURVES Steven Stoft April 1995 #12;Table of Contents The Economics of Conserved-Energy "Supply
California at Berkeley. University of
Generic measures for geodesic flows on nonpositively curved manifolds
Generic measures for geodesic flows on nonpositively curved manifolds Yves Coud`ene, Barbara the generic invariant probability measures for the geodesic flow on connected complete nonpositively curved subset of the set of all probability measures invariant by the geodesic flow. The proof of K. Sigmund
Stochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua
of the wind turbine to its desired power production; and ii) the stochastic force (noise), whichStochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua Oldenburg 2007 Zur Homepage der Dissertation #12;#12;Stochastic Analysis of Wind Turbine Power Curves Edgar Anahua Von der Fakult¨at f
Peinke, Joachim
The Dimension of the SLE Curves Vincent BEFFARA
generating a Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE) process, with parameter 0: We prove that, with probability one (Kt) is generated by a random curve : [0, ) H (called the trace of the SLE or the SLE curve clusters) and = 8/3 (this follows from the description of the outer frontier of SLE6 -- or planar Brownian
Beffara, Vincent
NON-CLOSED CURVES IN Rn WITH FINITE TOTAL FIRST
], and Kondo and Tanaka [14] have examined the global properties of the total curvature of a curveNON-CLOSED CURVES IN Rn WITH FINITE TOTAL FIRST CURVATURE ARISING FROM THE SOLUTIONS OF AN ODE P finite total first curvature. If all the roots of the associated characteristic polynomial are simple, we
Gilkey, Peter B
CURVES OF GENUS 2 WITH p 2 MULTIPLICATION
thesis, which looks at curves of genus 2 whose jacobians have p 2 multiplication, with the generalisedCURVES OF GENUS 2 WITH p 2 MULTIPLICATION PETER R. BENDING Abstract We give a universal family, and let f be a newform on \\Gamma 1 (N) whose field of Fourier coefficients is F (F is a totally real field
Does High[Plasma]-Beta Dynamics "Load" Active Regions?
Using long-duration observations in the He II 304 Angstrom passband of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) we investigate the spatial and temporal appearance of impulsive intensity fluctuations in the pixel light curves. These passband intensity fluctuations come from plasma emitting in the chromosphere, transition region and lowest portions of the corona. We see that they are spatially tied to the supergranular scale and that their rate of occurrence is tied to the unsigned imbalance of the magnetic field in which they are observed. The signature of the fluctuations (in space and time) is consistent with their creation by magnetoconvection forced reconnection that is driven by the flow field in the high-beta plasma. The signature of the intensity fluctuations around an active region suggest that the bulk of the mass and energy supplied into the active region complex observed in the hotter coronal plasma is supplied by this process, dynamically forcing the looped structure from beneath.
Scott W. McIntosh
Wind loading on solar collectors
The present design methodology for the determination of wind loading on the various solar collectors has been reviewed and assessed. The total force coefficients of flat plates of aspect ratios 1.0 and 3.0, respectively, at various angles of attack obtained by using the guidelines of the ANSI A58.1-1982, have been compared with those obtained by using the methodology of the ASCE Task Committee, 1961, and the experimental results of the full-scale test of heliostats by Peglow. The turbulent energy spectra, currently employed in the building code, are compared with those of Kaimal et al., Lumley, and Ponofsky for wind velocities of 20.0 m/s and 40.24 m/s at an elevation of 9.15 m. The longitudinal spectra of the building code overestimates the Kaimal spectra in the frequency range of 0.007 Hz to 0.08 Hz and underestimates beyond the frequency of 0.08 Hz. The peak angles of attack, on the heliostat, stowed in horizontal position, due to turbulent vertical and lateral components of wind velocity, have been estimated by using Daniel's methodology for three wind velocities and compared with the value suggested by the code. The experimental results of a simple test in the laboratory indicate the feasibility of decreasing the drag forces of the flat plate by reducing the solidity ratio.
Bhaduri, S.; Murphy, L.M.
Effects of dynamic conditions and sheave efficiency on hook load, derrick load, and line tension
EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC CONDITIONS AND SHEAVE EFFICIENCY ON HOOK LOAD, DERRICK LOAD, AND LINE TENSION A Thesis by GREGORY ROBERT LUKE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1991 Major Subject: Petroleum Engineering EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC CONDITIONS AND SHEAVE EFFICIENCY ON HOOK LOAD, DERRICK LOAD, AND LINE TENSION A Thesis by GREGORY ROBERT LUKE Approved as to style and content by: Hans...
Luke, Gregory Robert
REACTIVE LOAD MODELINGIMPACTS ONNODAL PRICESINPOOL MODELELECTRICITYMARKETS EttoreBompard, Enrico of the nodal prices in competitive electricity markets based on the Pool paradigm. Such prices focus of the paper is on the explicit evaluation of the impactsof the reactive load onthenodal real
Gross, George
1997 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The 1997 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; and (2) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. Data detailing Pacific Northwest non-utility generating (NUG) resources is also available upon request. This analysis updates the 1996 pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, published in December 1996. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a medium forecast of electricity consumption. This document analyzes the Pacific Northwest`s projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) the larger Pacific Northwest regional power system which includes loads and resources in addition to the Federal system. This study presents the Federal system and regional analyses for the medium load forecast. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for Operating Years (OY) 1998--99 through 2007--08.
Load Management DSM: Past, Present & Future
Load Management has grown in acceptance over the past several decades as a reliable means to provide a demand-side resource of demand capacity. This paper first reviews the significant break-throughs of load management technology then sets the stage...
Gardner, E.
Nonparametric models for electricity load forecasting
Electricity consumption is constantly evolving due to changes in people habits, technological innovations1 Nonparametric models for electricity load forecasting JANUARY 23, 2015 Yannig Goude, Vincent at University Paris-Sud 11 Orsay. His research interests are electricity load forecasting, more generally time
Genève, Université de
Static load testing of a heliostat drive
The drive designed and built by the Solar Power Engineering Company (SPECO) for its large area heliostat failed under high wind loads during a winter storm. This report details the testing and analysis done to verify the load capabilities of the rebuilt heliostat drive. Changes in design and improvements in fabrication resulted in a usable drive. 12 figs., 7 tabs.
Grossman, J.W.
Apparatus for loading a band saw blade
A band saw blade is loaded between pairs of guide wheels upon tensioning the blade by guiding the blade between pairs of spaced guide plates which define converging slots that converge toward the guide wheels. The approach is particularly useful in loading blades on underwater band saw machines used to cut radioactive materials. 2 figs.
Reeves, S.R.
Thermionic converter in load-switching mode
An electrical equivalent circuit is proposed for a thermionic electrogenerating element. It is suitable for calculation of transients in load-switching mode. Formulas are given for estimating circuit parameters. A sample numerical calculation is given for the transient between no-load and short-circuit regimes. The results may be employed to identify experimental data in the frequency domain.
Mendel'baum, M.A.; Es'kov, V.D.
Load Forecast For use in Resource Adequacy
-term Electricity Demand Forecasting System 1) Obtain Daily Regional Temperatures 6) Estimate Daily WeatherLoad Forecast 2019 For use in Resource Adequacy Massoud Jourabchi #12;In today's presentation d l Load forecast methodology  Drivers of the forecast f i Treatment of conservation
Steam Load Reduction Guidance Emergency Management Program
Steam Load Reduction Guidance Emergency Management Program v October 2014 Steam_Load_Reduction_Guidance_DSRDSR 1.0 PurposeandScope Utilities provides steam to the campus community for space heating, hot water in the steam distribution system or the Central Energy Plant, the preservation of building infrastructure
Pawlowski, Wojtek
Using Utility Load Data to Estimate Demand for Space Cooling and Potential for Shiftable Loads
This paper describes a simple method to estimate hourly cooling demand from historical utility load data. It compares total hourly demand to demand on cool days and compares these estimates of total cooling demand to previous regional and national estimates. Load profiles generated from this method may be used to estimate the potential for aggregated demand response or load shifting via cold storage.
Denholm, P.; Ong, S.; Booten, C.
An Evaluation of the HVAC Load Potential for Providing Load Balancing Service
This paper investigates the potential of providing aggregated intra-hour load balancing services using heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. A direct-load control algorithm is presented. A temperature-priority-list method is used to dispatch the HVAC loads optimally to maintain consumer-desired indoor temperatures and load diversity. Realistic intra-hour load balancing signals were used to evaluate the operational characteristics of the HVAC load under different outdoor temperature profiles and different indoor temperature settings. The number of HVAC units needed is also investigated. Modeling results suggest that the number of HVACs needed to provide a {+-}1-MW load balancing service 24 hours a day varies significantly with baseline settings, high and low temperature settings, and the outdoor temperatures. The results demonstrate that the intra-hour load balancing service provided by HVAC loads meet the performance requirements and can become a major source of revenue for load-serving entities where the smart grid infrastructure enables direct load control over the HAVC loads.
Lu, Ning
Time and Cognitive Load 1 Time and Cognitive Load in Working Memory
Time and Cognitive Load 1 Time and Cognitive Load in Working Memory Pierre Barrouillet*, Sophie Bourgogne Running head: Time and Cognitive Load Corresponding author: Pierre Barrouillet Pierre manuscript, published in "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, 3 (2007
Progress Report on Alloy 617 Isochronous Stress-Strain Curves
Isochronous stress-strain curves for Alloy 617 up to a temperature of 1000°C will be required to qualify the material for elevated temperature design in Section III, Division 1, Subsection NH of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Several potential methods for developing these curves are reviewed in this report. It is shown that in general power-law creep is the rate controlling deformation mechanism for a wide range of alloy heats, test temperatures and stresses. Measurement of the strain rate sensitivity of Alloy 617 indicates that the material is highly strain rate sensitive in the tensile deformation range above about 750°C. This suggests that the concept of a hot tensile curve as a bounding case on the isochronous stress-strain diagrams is problematic. The impact of strain rate on the hot tensile curves is examined and it is concluded that incorporating such a curve is only meaningful if a single tensile strain rate (typically the ASTM standard rate of 0.5%/min) is arbitrarily defined. Current experimentally determined creep data are compared to isochronous stress-strain curves proposed previously by the German programs in the 1980s and by the 1990 draft ASME Code Case. Variability in how well the experimental data are represented by the proposed design curves that suggests further analysis is necessary prior to completing a new draft Code Case.
Jill K. Wright; Richard N. Wright; Nancy J. Lybeck
Exhaustive search system and method using space-filling curves
A search system and method for one agent or for multiple agents using a space-filling curve provides a way to control one or more agents to cover an area of any space of any dimensionality using an exhaustive search pattern. An example of the space-filling curve is a Hilbert curve. The search area can be a physical geography, a cyberspace search area, or an area searchable by computing resources. The search agent can be one or more physical agents, such as a robot, and can be software agents for searching cyberspace.
Spires, Shannon V.
Application of the decline curve method to aquifers
k = value of pointin time = value of point in time n = value of point in time 39 REFERENCES 1. Fetkovich, M. J. : "Decline Curve Analysis Using Type Curves, " JPT (June 1980) 1065-1077. 2. Havlena, D. and Odeh, A. S. : "The Material Balance...APPLICATION OF THE DECLINE CURVE METHOD TO AQUIFERS A Thesis by GIRISH VIJAY POTNIS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas ADAM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December...
Potnis, Girish Vijay
Determinants of contract duration: further evidence from coal-fired power plants
Transactions cost theory predicts that the availability of alternatives is one of the determinants of contract duration. Over the last 20 years, the coal market has seen many regulatory changes that have generally increased the number of alternatives in the process of procuring coal. In this paper data from long-term coal contracts for electricity generation signed before 1999 are used to estimate the effect of increasing alternatives on contract duration. Empirical results tend to match transactions cost theory that increased alternatives reduces contract duration.
Kozhevnikova, M.; Lange, I. [Queens College, Flushing, NY (United States)
Physical understanding of the links between soil swelling, texture, structure, cracking, and sample size is of great interest for the physical understanding of many processes in the soil-air-water system and for applications in civil, agricultural, and environmental engineering. The background of this work is an available chain of interconnected physical shrinkage curve models for clay, intra-aggregate matrix, aggregated soil without cracks, and soil with cracks. The objective of the work is to generalize these models to the case of swelling, and to construct the physical-swelling-model chain with a step-by-step transition from clay to aggregated soil with cracks. The generalization is based on thorough accounting for the analogies and differences between shrinkage and swelling and the corresponding use, modification, or replacement of the soil shrinkage features. Two specific soil swelling features to be used are: (i) air entrapping in pores of the contributing clay; and (ii) aggregate destruction with the f...
Chertkov, V Y
Knowledge fusion: Comparison of fuzzy curve smoothers to statistically motivated curve smoothers
This report describes work during FY 95 that was sponsored by the Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation and National Security (NN) Knowledge Fusion (KF) Project. The project team selected satellite sensor data to use as the one main example to which its analysis algorithms would be applied. The specific sensor-fusion problem has many generic features, which make it a worthwhile problem to attempt to solve in a general way. The generic problem is to recognize events of interest from multiple time series that define a possibly noisy background. By implementing a suite of time series modeling and forecasting methods and using well-chosen alarm criteria, we reduce the number of false alarms. We then further reduce the number of false alarms by analyzing all suspicious sections of data, as judged by the alarm criteria, with pattern recognition methods. This report gives a detailed comparison of two of the forecasting methods (fuzzy forecaster and statistically motivated curve smoothers as forecasters). The two methods are compared on five simulated and five real data sets. One of the five real data sets is satellite sensor data. The conclusion is the statistically motivated curve smoother is superior on simulated data of the type we studied. The statistically motivated method is also superior on most real data. In defense of the fuzzy-logic motivated methods, we point out that fuzzy-logic methods were never intended to compete with statistical methods on numeric data. Fuzzy logic was developed to handle real-world situations where either real data was not available or was supplemented with either ``expert opinion`` or some sort of linguistic information.
Burr, T.; Strittmatter, R.B.
Part-Load Performance Characterization and Energy Savings Potential of the RTU Challenge Unit: Daikin Rebel
In 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technology Office (DOE's BTO), with help from the Better Buildings Alliance (BBA) members, developed a specification for high performance rooftop air-conditioning units (RTU Challenge) with capacity ranges between 10 and 20 tons (DOE 2013). Daikin's Rebel for the first rooftop unit system that was recognized by DOE in May 2012 as meeting the RTU Challenge specifications. This report documents the development of part-load performance curves and its use with EnergyPlus simulation tool to estimate the potential savings from use of Rebel compared to other standard options.
Wang, Weimin; Katipamula, Srinivas
We present the rotation curves of 967 spiral galaxies, obtained by deprojecting and folding the raw data published by Mathewson et al. (1992). Of these, 80 meet objective excellence criteria and are suitable for individual detailed mass modelling, while 820 are suitable for statistical studies. A preliminary analysis of theire properties confirms that rotation curves are a universal function of luminosity and that the dark matter fraction in spirals increase with decreasing luminosity. Quantitative considerations on the virial radius of dark halos allow us to make hypotheses about their structure and nature. The deprojected folded curves, the smoothed curves, and various related quantities are available via anonymous ftp at ftp://galileo.sissa.it/users/ftp/pub/psrot
Massimo Persic; Paolo Salucci; Fulvio Stel
Comparison of Emperical Decline Curve Analysis for Shale Wells
This study compares four recently developed decline curve methods and the traditional Arps or Fetkovich approach. The four methods which are empirically formulated for shale and tight gas wells are: 1. Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE). 2...
Kanfar, Mohammed Sami
Extension of load follow capability of a PWR reactor by optimal control
The problem of extending that part of the fuel life cycle during which a reactor is capable of sustaining load-follow operation is formulated as an optimal control problem. A two-node model representation of pressurized water reactor dynamics is used, leading to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Differential Dynamic Programming is used to solve directly the resulting nonlinear optimization problem and obtain the trajectories of soluble boron concentration and control rod insertion. Results of computations performed for a reference reactor are presented, showing how the optimal control policy stretches the capability of the reactor to follow an average daily load curve towards the end of the fuel life cycle.
Winokur, M.; Tepper, L.
Three-dimensional theory of Smith-Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric loaded grating
A dielectric loaded rectangular grating for Smith-Purcell devices is proposed in this paper. Regarding the electron beam as a moving plasma dielectric, a three dimensional (3D) linear theory of beam-wave interaction is developed. The first and second order growth rates are calculated, which are obtained by expanding hot dispersion equation at synchronous point. The results show that the cutoff frequency is affected by grating width. The dispersion curve becomes flatter and shifts towards lower frequency by loading dielectric in grooves. The simulation results, which are obtained by a 3D particle-in-cell code, are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Compared the first and second order growth rate, it shows that the discrepancy is large when beam parameters are selected with high values. In this case, it is necessary to apply the second order growth rate, which can accurately describe the process of beam-wave interaction.
Cao, Miaomiao, E-mail: email@example.com; Li, Ke, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing 100049 (China); Liu, Wenxin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Wang, Yong, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Modeling and Control of Aggregated Air Conditioning Loads Under Realistic Conditions
Demand-side control is playing an increasingly important role in smart grid control strategies. Modeling the dynamical behavior of a large population of appliances is especially important to evaluate the effectiveness of various load control strategies. In this paper, a high accuracy aggregated model is first developed for a population of HVAC units. The model efficiently includes statistical information of the population, systematically deals with heterogeneity, and accounts for a second-order effect necessary to accurately capture the transient dynamics in the collective response. Furthermore, the model takes into account the lockout effect of the compressor in order to represent the dynamics of the system under control more accurately. Then, a novel closed loop load control strategy is designed to track a desired demand curve and to ensure a stable and smooth response.
Chang, Chin-Yao; Zhang, Wei; Lian, Jianming; Kalsi, Karanjit
Synthesis of polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy composites
The synthesis of a polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy uses a one-step cure by applying an external stimulus to release the acid from the polyoxometalate and thereby catalyze the cure reaction of the epoxy resin. Such polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy composites afford the cured epoxy unique properties imparted by the intrinsic properties of the polyoxometalate. For example, polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy composites can be used as corrosion resistant epoxy coatings, for encapsulation of electronics with improved dielectric properties, and for structural applications with improved mechanical properties.
Anderson, Benjamin J
affect foraging-trip duration: Topics by E-print Network
CERN Preprints Summary: We review the T90 duration and hardness ratio of Swift Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). We focus on GRBs with known redshift and review their gamma properties...
Strontium isotope prole of the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event, the duration of ammonite biozones,
Strontium isotope pro¢le of the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event, the duration% TOC) sediments � 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: strontium; isotope ratios
Fouke, Bruce W.
Magnetospheric application of high-altitude long-duration balloon technology: Daylight auroral observations
Magnetospheric application of high-altitude long-duration balloon technology: Daylight auroral; accepted 12 February 2007 Abstract Daylight auroral imaging is a proposed application of the NASA high
Lummerzheim, Dirk
No supernovae associated with two long-duration gamma-ray bursts .
??It is now accepted that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced during the collapse of a massive star(1,2). The standard 'collapsar' model(3) predicts that a… (more)
Fynbo, Johan P. U.
Foraging area selection as influenced by environment and short-duration grazing on Post Oak Savanna
FORAGING AREA SELECTION AS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENT AND SHORT-DURATION GRAZING ON POST OAK SAVANNA h Thesis by CHARLES HOWARD BUTTERFIELD Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ALM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... for tbe degree of MASTER OF SCIBNCE August 1987 Major Subject: Range Science FORAGING AREA SELECTION AS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENT AND SHORT-DURATION GRAZING ON POST OAK SAVANNA h Thesis by CHARLES HOWARD BUTTBRFIELD Approved as to style...
Butterfield, Charles H
Load apparatus and method for bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen
A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: (a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; (b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; (c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and (d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen. 6 figs.
Buescher, B.J. Jr.; Lloyd, W.R.; Ward, M.B.; Epstein, J.S.
A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen.
Buescher, Jr., Brent J. (Idaho Falls, ID); Lloyd, W. Randolph (Idaho Falls, ID); Ward, Michael B. (Idaho Falls, ID); Epstein, Jonathan S. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Load-follow control simulation with optimization
For the simulation of load-follow control operation of pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the system model needs to describe both primary and secondary system behaviors, because the load-change signal in the secondary system delivers a change in the primary system through the thermal-hydraulic interactions in the steam generator. In this study, the characteristics of load-follow control for a PWR were investigated using a one-dimensional core model combined with a simplified nuclear steam supply system model using optimization. The overall system model includes one-dimensional core neutronics with all the space-dependent feedback effects, Xe-I dynamics, core thermal balances, primary loop thermal balances, and steam generator dynamic responses to turbine load changes. The final system equations were manipulated for the lumped parameter representations by using the model expansion technique for the core model.
Yim, Man-Sung; Christenson, J.M.
Modeling and control of thermostatically controlled loads
As the penetration of intermittent energy sources grows substantially, loads will be required to play an increasingly important role in compensating the fast time-scale fluctuations in generated power. Recent numerical modeling of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) has demonstrated that such load following is feasible, but analytical models that satisfactorily quantify the aggregate power consumption of a group of TCLs are desired to enable controller design. We develop such a model for the aggregate power response of a homogeneous population of TCLs to uniform variation of all TCL setpoints. A linearized model of the response is derived, and a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) has been designed. Using the TCL setpoint as the control input, the LQR enables aggregate power to track reference signals that exhibit step, ramp and sinusoidal variations. Although much of the work assumes a homogeneous population of TCLs with deterministic dynamics, we also propose a method for probing the dynamics of systems where load characteristics are not well known.
Backhaus, Scott N [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sinitsyn, Nikolai [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kundu, S. [UNIV OF MICHIGAN; Hiskens, I. [UNIV OF MICHIGAN
Impact of load type on microgrid stability
Microgrids show great promise as a means of integrating distributed generation sources into the public grid distribution system. In order to provide uninterrupted,high quality power to local loads, microgrids must have the ...
Monnin, Jared P
MCO loading and cask loadout technical manual
A compilation of the technical basis for loading a multi-canister overpack (MCO) with spent nuclear fuel and then placing the MCO into a cask for shipment to the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility. The technical basis includes a description of the process, process technology that forms the basis for loading alternatives, process control considerations, safety considerations, equipment description, and a brief facility structure description.
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) Description and Loading
This document describes simulated turbine load cases in accordance to the IEC 61400-1 Ed.3 standard, which is representative of the typical wind turbine design process. The information presented herein is intended to provide a broad understanding of the gearbox reliability collaborative 750kW drivetrain and turbine configuration. In addition, fatigue and ultimate strength drivetrain loads resulting from simulations are presented. This information provides the bases for the analytical work of the gearbox reliability collaborative effort.
Oyague, F.
HYPERELLIPTIC CURVES IN CHARACTERISTIC 2 JASPER SCHOLTEN AND HUI JUNE ZHU Abstract. In this paper. Supersingular curve, hyperelliptic curve, Newton polygon. 1 #12;2 JASPER SCHOLTEN AND HUI JUNE ZHU Section 2
Zhu, Hui June
Harmonic approaches to non-intrusive load diagnostics
The Non-Intrusive Load Monitor (NILM) is a system that monitors, records and processes voltage and current measurements to establish the operating characteristics of individual loads on a load center from a single aggregate ...
Fuller, Ashley E. (Ashley Eliot)
Psychosocial mediators of ethnic disparities in Allostatic Load /
in Allostatic Load A dissertation submitted in partialPartial Associations between Posited Mediators with Ethnicity and Allostatic Load……………………………………………………………………………………Partial Associations between Posited Mediators with Ethnicity and Allostatic Load
Tomfohr, Lianne Marie
axial compressive load: Topics by E-print Network
as the electromagnetic and thermal contraction loads are large but also for the heat load from the AC coupling loss. Reduction of the transverse load and warm-up cool-down...
axial compressive loading: Topics by E-print Network
General solutions for thermopiezoelectrics with various holes under thermal loading
induced by thermal loads. The loads may be uniform remote heat ÂŻow, point heat source and temperature elastic plate with an hole of various shapes subjected to remote uniform mechanical loading. For plane
Qin, Qinghua
1999 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book) is published annually by BPA and establishes the planning basis for supplying electricity to customers. It serves a dual purpose. First, the White Book presents projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. Second, the White Book serves as a benchmark for annual BPA determinations made pursuant to its regional power sales contracts. Specifically, BPA uses the information in the White Book for determining the notice required when customers request to increase or decrease the amount of power purchased from BPA. The White Book will not be used in calculations for the 2002 regional power sales contract subscription process. The White Book compiles information obtained from several formalized resource planning reports and data submittals, including those from the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions, including expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a medium forecast of electricity consumption. The forecasted future electricity demands--firm loads--are subtracted from the projected capability of existing and ''contracted for'' resources to determine whether BPA and the region will be surplus or deficit. If Federal system resources are greater than loads in any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA may use or market to increase revenues. Conversely, if Federal system firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity and BPA would add conservation or contract purchases as needed to meet its firm loads. The load forecast is derived by using econometric models and analysis to predict the loads that will be placed on electric utilities in the region. This study incorporates information on contract obligations and contract resources, combined with the resource capabilities obtained from public utility and investor-owned utility (IOU) customers through their annual data submittals to the PNUCC, from BPA's Firm Resource Exhibit (FRE Exhibit I) submittals, and through analysis of the Federal hydroelectric power system. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA) produced by the Pacific Northwest Coordinating Group. The PNCA defines the planning and operation of the regional hydrosystem. The 1999 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; and (2) a technical appendix (available electronically only) detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. This analysis updates the December 1998 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for Operating Years (OY) 2000-01 through 2009-10. The study shows the Federal system's and the region's monthly estimated maximum electricity demand, monthly energy demand, monthly energy generation, and monthly maximum generating capability--capacity--for OY 2000-01, 2004-05, and 2009-10. The Federal system and regional monthly capacity surplus/deficit projections are summarized for 10 operating years. This document analyzes the Pacific Northwest's projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for wh
Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Curved RectangularInfluence of Curvature on Heat Transfer to IncompressibleT. , "Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Curved Channel
Yee, G.
Transmission Reliability "Load as a Resource" Peer Review Materials...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Transmission Reliability "Load as a Resource" Peer Review Materials Now Available Transmission Reliability "Load as a Resource" Peer Review Materials Now Available September 25,...
Y-12 Finishes Initial HEUMF Loading Ahead of Schedule | National...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Home Field Offices Welcome to the NNSA Production Office NPO News Releases Y-12 Finishes Initial HEUMF Loading Ahead of Schedule Y-12 Finishes Initial HEUMF Loading...
acute acid loading an: Topics by E-print Network
7 queries Meagher, Mary 29 An Automatic Load Sharing Approach for a DFIG Based Wind Generator in a Microgrid Engineering Websites Summary: An Automatic Load Sharing Approach...
Characterization of Dynamic Loads on Solar Modules with Respect...
Characterization of Dynamic Loads on Solar Modules with Respect to Fracture of Solar Cells Characterization of Dynamic Loads on Solar Modules with Respect to Fracture of Solar...
Effect of Compression Ratio and Piston Geometry on RCCI load...
Compression Ratio and Piston Geometry on RCCI load limit Effect of Compression Ratio and Piston Geometry on RCCI load limit Explores the effect of compression ratio and piston...
Development of an Accelerated Ash-Loading Protocol for Diesel...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
an Accelerated Ash-Loading Protocol for Diesel Particulate Filters Development of an Accelerated Ash-Loading Protocol for Diesel Particulate Filters Poster presentation at the 2007...
The Development of a Small Engine Based Accelerated Ash Loading...
Accelerated Ash Loading Protocol The Development of a Small Engine Based Accelerated Ash Loading Protocol Presentation given at DEER 2006, August 20-24, 2006, Detroit, Michigan....
Local Soot Loading Distribution in Cordierite Diesel Particulate...
Local Soot Loading Distribution in Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters by Dynamic Neutron Radiography Local Soot Loading Distribution in Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters by...
Load controller and method to enhance effective capacity of a photovoltaic power supply using a dynamically determined expected peak loading
A load controller and method are provided for maximizing effective capacity of a non-controllable, renewable power supply coupled to a variable electrical load also coupled to a conventional power grid. Effective capacity is enhanced by monitoring power output of the renewable supply and loading, and comparing the loading against the power output and a load adjustment threshold determined from an expected peak loading. A value for a load adjustment parameter is calculated by subtracting the renewable supply output and the load adjustment parameter from the current load. This value is then employed to control the variable load in an amount proportional to the value of the load control parameter when the parameter is within a predefined range. By so controlling the load, the effective capacity of the non-controllable, renewable power supply is increased without any attempt at operational feedback control of the renewable supply.
Perez, Richard
Reliability analysis and prediction of mixed mode load using Markov Chain Model
The aim of this paper is to present the reliability analysis and prediction of mixed mode loading by using a simple two state Markov Chain Model for an automotive crankshaft. The reliability analysis and prediction for any automotive component or structure is important for analyzing and measuring the failure to increase the design life, eliminate or reduce the likelihood of failures and safety risk. The mechanical failures of the crankshaft are due of high bending and torsion stress concentration from high cycle and low rotating bending and torsional stress. The Markov Chain was used to model the two states based on the probability of failure due to bending and torsion stress. In most investigations it revealed that bending stress is much serve than torsional stress, therefore the probability criteria for the bending state would be higher compared to the torsion state. A statistical comparison between the developed Markov Chain Model and field data was done to observe the percentage of error. The reliability analysis and prediction was derived and illustrated from the Markov Chain Model were shown in the Weibull probability and cumulative distribution function, hazard rate and reliability curve and the bathtub curve. It can be concluded that Markov Chain Model has the ability to generate near similar data with minimal percentage of error and for a practical application; the proposed model provides a good accuracy in determining the reliability for the crankshaft under mixed mode loading.
Nikabdullah, N. [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia); Singh, S. S. K.; Alebrahim, R.; Azizi, M. A. [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia); K, Elwaleed A. [Institute of Space Science (ANGKASA), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia); Noorani, M. S. M. [School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Malaysia)
2006 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book), which is published annually by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), establishes one of the planning bases for supplying electricity to customers. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues, although the database that generates the data for the White Book analysis contributes to the development of BPA's inventory and ratemaking processes. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions that include expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. The load resource balance of both the Federal system and the region is determined by comparing resource availability to an expected level of total retail electricity consumption. Resources include projected energy capability plus contract purchases. Loads include a forecast of retail obligations plus contract obligations. Surplus energy is available when resources are greater than loads. This surplus energy could be marketed to increase revenues. Energy deficits occur when resources are less than loads. These energy deficits will be met by any combination of the following: better-than-critical water conditions, demand-side management and conservation programs, permanent loss of loads due to economic conditions or closures, additional contract purchases, and/or the addition of new generating resources. This study incorporates information on Pacific Northwest (PNW) regional retail loads, contract obligations, and contract resources. This loads and resources analysis simulates the operation of the power system in the PNW. The simulated hydro operation incorporates plant characteristics, streamflows, and non-power requirements from the current Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA). Additional resource capability estimates were provided by BPA, PNW Federal agency, public agency, cooperative, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and investor-owned utility (IOU) customers furnished through annual PNUCC data submittals for 2005 and/or direct submittals to BPA. The 2006 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary document of Federal system and PNW region loads and resources, and (2) a technical appendix which presents regional loads, grouped by major PNW utility categories, and detailed contract and resource information. The technical appendix is available only in electronic form. Individual customer information for marketer contracts is not detailed due to confidentiality agreements. The 2006 White Book analysis updates the 2004 White Book. This analysis shows projections of the Federal system and region's yearly average annual energy consumption and resource availability for the study period, OY 2007-2016. The study also presents projections of Federal system and region expected 1-hour monthly peak demand, monthly energy demand, monthly 1-hour peak generating capability, and monthly energy generation for OY 2007, 2011, and 2016. BPA is investigating a new approach in capacity planning depicting the monthly Federal system 120-hour peak generating capability and 120-hour peak surplus/deficit for OY 2007, 2011, and 2016. This document analyzes the PNW's projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency;
On-line Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 Piotr Berman
s and Load(s), the load of entire schedule s as follows: load(s;i) = 1 vi X s(j)=i pj; Load(s) = maxi loadOn-line Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 (Revised Version) Piotr Berman The Pennsylvania State for this problem. Key Words: on-line algorithm, load balancing, related machines, competitive ratio 1A preliminary
Eckmiller, Rolf
In this paper, the effect of halo substructures on galaxy rotation curves is investigated using a simple model of dark matter clustering. A dark matter halo density profile is developed based only on the scale-free nature of clustering that leads to a statistically self-similar distribution of the substructures at the galactic scale. A semi-analytical method is used to derive rotation curves for such a clumpy dark matter density profile. It is found that the halo substructures significantly affect the galaxy velocity field. Based on the fractal geometry of the halo, this self-consistent model predicts a Navarro-Frenk-White-like rotation curve and a scale-free power spectrum of the rotation velocity fluctuations.
Roy, Nirupam, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [NRAO, P.O. Box O, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States)
Light bullets in nonlinear periodically curved waveguide arrays
We predict that stable mobile spatiotemporal solitons can exist in arrays of periodically curved optical waveguides. We find two-dimensional light bullets in planar arrays with harmonic waveguide bending and three-dimensional bullets in square lattices with helical waveguide bending using variational formalism. Stability of the light-bullet solutions is confirmed by the direct numerical simulations which show that the light bullets can freely move across the curved arrays. This mobility property is a distinguishing characteristic compared to previously considered discrete light bullets which were trapped to a specific lattice site. These results suggest new possibilities for flexible spatiotemporal manipulation of optical pulses in photonic lattices.
Matuszewski, Michal; Garanovich, Ivan L. [Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); Sukhorukov, Andrey A. [Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia); Centre for Ultra-high Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 (Australia)
Waste heat recovery steam curves with unfired HRSGs
A compilation of waste heat recovery steam curves for a sampling of gas turbines ranging in output from around 1 MW to more than 200 MW is presented. The gas turbine output data shown with each set of curves differs from the values given in the Performance Specifications section of the Handbook. That's because the values have been calculated to reflect the effects of a 4 inch inlet and 10 inch outlet pressure drop on power output (lower), heat rate (higher), mass flow (higher), and exhaust temperature (higher).
Not Available
The Fusion Curve of Ammonia and Ethyl Alcohol
' Center for Digital Scholarship. http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Kansas for partial completion of Master of Arts. THE FUSION CURVE OF AMMONIA AND ETHYL ALCOHOL H. J. BRODERSON THE 2?03IOH CUHVB OP... AMMOHIA AND ETHXL ALCOHOL. A part of the requirement for the lh A. 2)egree. By K. J. Brodereon, University of Kangaa, May 1911, THE PUSIOB CURVS OP AliKOHlA AHD ETHYL ALCOHOL* Only within tho last fow ycara has any worlc boon done on tho fusion...
Broderson, H.J.
The outer rotation curve of the Milky Way
A straightforward determination of the circular-speed curve vc(R) of the Milky Way suggests that near the Sun, vc starts to rise approximately linearly with R. If this result were correct, the Galactic mass density would have to be independent of radius at R ~> R0. We show that the apparent linear rise in v_c arises naturally if the true circular-speed curve is about constant or gently falling at R0 1.25 R0 are actually concentrated into a ring of radius ~1.6 R0.
James Binney; Walter Dehnen
Dielectric breakdown model for conductor-loaded and insulator-loaded composite materials P. Bergero,1
Dielectric breakdown model for conductor-loaded and insulator-loaded composite materials P. Bergero strength is highly desirable, and in the past years composite materials such as resin matrix filled- tors, and composites containing carbon black and titanium dioxide have recently been tested
Peruani, Fernando
Reconstruction of a wind turbine's endured load spectrum using a short-time load measurement
Reconstruction of a wind turbine's endured load spectrum using a short-time load measurement Abstract Wind turbines (WT) are normally designed for a service life (SL) of 20 years. In Germany, over safety. 1 Introduction A wind turbine (WT) is normally designed, tested and certified for a design life
Berlin,Technische Universität
Improved Load Distribution for Load Rating of Low-Fill Box Structures
. The distribution of live loads on the top slab of a box culvert plays a major role in determining the rating factor of the culvert. The current AASHTO guidelines do not consider the effects of pavements present above the fill while determining the load distribution...
Acharya, Raju
Modality Effects on Cognitive Load and Performance in High-Load Information Presentation
INTRODUCTION Intelligent human-computer interfaces are often multimodal, i.e. the human-computer communications into the modality planning procedure for systems that support high-load human-computer interaction. Author Keywords-load information presenta- tion scenario. Mainly based on modality-related psychology theories, we selected five
Nijholt, Anton
water heater (EWH) load control program operated as part of PJM Interconnection's Demand ResponseDemand Response Economic and Emergency Load Response Programs Electric Thermal Storage Electric Water Heaterwater pumps and electric thermal storage space heaters. The CSP is also participating in PJM's pilot Demand Response
Load attenuating passively adaptive wind turbine blade
A method and apparatus for improving wind turbine performance by alleviating loads and controlling the rotor. The invention employs the use of a passively adaptive blade that senses the wind velocity or rotational speed, and accordingly modifies its aerodynamic configuration. The invention exploits the load mitigation prospects of a blade that twists toward feather as it bends. The invention includes passively adaptive wind turbine rotors or blades with currently preferred power control features. The apparatus is a composite fiber horizontal axis wind-turbine blade, in which a substantial majority of fibers in the blade skin are inclined at angles of between 15 and 30 degrees to the axis of the blade, to produces passive adaptive aeroelastic tailoring (bend-twist coupling) to alleviate loading without unduly jeopardizing performance.
Veers, Paul S. (Albuquerque, NM); Lobitz, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM)
One of the goals of the Saltstone variability study is to identify the operational and compositional variables that control or influence the important processing and performance properties of Saltstone grout mixtures. One of those properties of importance is the Waste Loading (WL) of the decontaminated salt solution (DSS) in the Saltstone waste form. Waste loading is a measure of the amount of waste that can be incorporated within a waste form. The value of the Saltstone waste loading ultimately determines the number of vaults that will be required to disposition all of the DSS. In this report, the waste loading is defined as the volume in milliliters of DSS per liter of Saltstone waste form. The two most important parameters that determine waste loading for Saltstone are water to cementitious material (w/cm) ratio and the cured grout density. Data are provided that show the dependence of waste loading on the w/cm ratio for a fixed DSS composition using the current premix material (45% Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), 45% Fly Ash (FA) and 10% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)). The impact of cured grout density on waste loading was also demonstrated. Mixes (at 0.60 w/cm) made with a Modular Caustic side extraction Unit (MCU) simulant and either OPC or BFS have higher cured grout densities than mixes made with premix and increase the WL to 709 mL/L for the OPC mix and 689 mL/L for the BFS mix versus the value of 653 mL/L for MCU in premix at 0.60 w/cm ratio. Bleed liquid reduces the waste loading and lowers the effective w/cm ratio of Saltstone. A method is presented (and will be used in future tasks) for correcting the waste loading and the w/cm ratio of the as-batched mixes in those cases where bleed liquid is present. For example, the Deliquification, Dissolution and Adjustment (DDA) mix at an as-batched 0.60 w/cm ratio, when corrected for % bleed, gives a mix with a 0.55 w/cm ratio and a WL that has been reduced from 662 to 625 mL/L. An example is provided that demonstrated the quantitative impact of WL on the number of cells (each Saltstone vault contains two cells) required to disposition all of the {approx}100 million gallons of DSS available in the tanks. This calculation revealed that the number of cells required over the range of 0.48 to 0.62 w/cm ratio (equivalent to a WL range of 591 to 666 mL/L) varies from 65 to 57 cells (33 to 29 vaults). The intent of this oversimplified example was to show the range of variation in vaults expected due to w/cm ratio rather than to estimate the actual number of vaults required. There is a tradeoff between the waste loading and the processing and performance properties of Saltstone. The performance properties improve in general as the w/cm ratio decreases whereas the waste loading is reduced at lower w/cm ratios resulting in a larger number of Saltstone vaults. The final performance and processing requirements of Saltstone will determine the maximum waste loading achievable.
Harbour, J; Vickie Williams, V
Veers, Paul S.; Lobitz, Donald W.
Search for relationship between duration of the extended solar cycles and amplitude of sunspot cycle
Duration of the extended solar cycles is taken into the consideration. The beginning of cycles is counted from the moment of polarity reversal of large-scale magnetic field in high latitudes, occurring in the sunspot cycle n till the minimum of the cycle n+2. The connection between cycle duration and its amplitude is established. Duration of the "latent" period of evolution of extended cycle between reversals and a minimum of the current sunspot cycle is entered. It is shown, that the latent period of cycles evolution is connected with the next sunspot cycle amplitude and can be used for the prognosis of a level and time of a sunspot maximum. The 24-th activity cycle prognosis is done. Long-term behavior of extended cycle's lengths is considered.
A. G. Tlatov
Tlatov, A G
Identification of earthquakes that generate tsunamis in Java and Nusa Tenggara using rupture duration analysis
Java and Nusa Tenggara are the tectonically active of Sunda arc. This study discuss the rupture duration as a manifestation of the power of earthquake-generated tsunami. We use the teleseismic (30° - 90°) body waves with high-frequency energy Seismometer is from IRIS network as amount 206 broadband units. We applied the Butterworth high bandpass (1 - 2 Hz) filtered. The arrival and travel times started from wave phase of P - PP which based on Jeffrey Bullens table with TauP program. The results are that the June 2, 1994 Banyuwangi and the July 17, 2006 Pangandaran earthquakes identified as tsunami earthquakes with long rupture duration (To > 100 second), medium magnitude (7.6 < Mw < 7.9) and located near the trench. The others are 4 tsunamigenic earthquakes and 3 inland earthquakes with short rupture duration start from To > 50 second which depend on its magnitude. Those events are located far from the trench.
Pribadi, S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Tsunami Warning Information Division, Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Jalan Angkasa I No. 2, Jakarta13920 and Graduate Student of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of T (Indonesia); Puspito, N. T.; Yudistira, T.; Afnimar,; Ibrahim, G. [Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Laksono, B. I. [Database Maintenance Division, Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Jalan Angkasa I No.2, Jakarta 13920 (Indonesia); Adnan, Z. [Database Maintenance Division, Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Jalan Angkasa I No. 2, Jakarta 13920 and Graduate Student of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technol (Indonesia)
The coalescence of compact objects is a promising astrophysical source of detectable gravitational wave signals. The ejection of r-process material from such mergers may lead to a radioactively powered electromagnetic counterpart signal which, if discovered, would enhance the science returns. As very little is known about the optical properties of heavy r-process elements, previous light-curve models have adopted opacities similar to those of iron group elements. Here we consider the effect of heavier elements, particularly the lanthanides, which increase the ejecta opacity by several orders of magnitude. We include these higher opacities in time-dependent, multi-wavelength radiative transport calculations to predict the broadband light curves of one-dimensional models over a range of parameters (ejecta masses {approx}10{sup -3}-10{sup -1} M{sub Sun} and velocities {approx}0.1-0.3 c). We find that the higher opacities lead to much longer duration light curves which can last a week or more. The emission is shifted toward the infrared bands due to strong optical line blanketing, and the colors at later times are representative of a blackbody near the recombination temperature of the lanthanides (T {approx} 2500 K). We further consider the case in which a second mass outflow, composed of {sup 56}Ni, is ejected from a disk wind, and show that the net result is a distinctive two component spectral energy distribution, with a bright optical peak due to {sup 56}Ni and an infrared peak due to r-process ejecta. We briefly consider the prospects for detection and identification of these transients.
Barnes, Jennifer; Kasen, Daniel [Departments of Physics and Astronomy, 366 LeConte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
The starburst phenomenon can shape the evolution of the host galaxy and the surrounding intergalactic medium. The extent of the evolutionary impact is partly determined by the duration of the starburst, which has a direct correlation with both the amount of stellar feedback and the development of galactic winds, particularly for smaller mass dwarf systems. We measure the duration of starbursts in twenty nearby, ongoing, and 'fossil' starbursts in dwarf galaxies based on the recent star formation histories derived from resolved stellar population data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Contrary to the shorter times of 3-10 Myr often cited, the starburst durations we measure range from 450to650 Myr in fifteen of the dwarf galaxies and up to 1.3 Gyr in four galaxies; these longer durations are comparable to or longer than the dynamical timescales for each system. The same feedback from massive stars that may quench the flickering star formation does not disrupt the overall burst event in our sample of galaxies. While five galaxies present fossil bursts, fifteen galaxies show ongoing bursts and thus the final durations may be longer than we report here for these systems. One galaxy shows a burst that has been ongoing for only 20 Myr; we are likely seeing the beginning of a burst event in this system. Using the duration of the starbursts, we calculate that the bursts deposited 10{sup 53.9}-10{sup 57.2} erg of energy into the interstellar medium through stellar winds and supernovae, and produced 3%-26% of the host galaxy's mass.
McQuinn, Kristen B. W.; Skillman, Evan D.; Stark, David; Weisz, Daniel [Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Cannon, John M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55105 (United States); Dalcanton, Julianne; Williams, Benjamin [Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States); Dolphin, Andrew [Raytheon Company, 1151 E. Hermans Road, Tucson, AZ 85706 (United States); Hidalgo-RodrIguez, Sebastian [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, VIa Lactea s/n, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain); Holtzman, Jon, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001-Department 4500, 1320 Frenger Street, Las Cruces, NM 88003 (United States)
Stress Rating method (noted ASR in the following), Load Factor Rating method (noted LFR in the followingIN-SERVICE LOAD & RESISTANCE FACTOR RATING METHOD FOR BRIDGES Degang Li1 , Baidurya Bhattacharya2 are evaluated using allowable stress and load factor rating methods. Load rating made in these traditional
Bhattacharya, Baidurya
Randomized Load Balancing by Joining and Splitting Bins James Aspnes
Consider the following load balancing scenario: a certain amount of work load is distributed among a setRandomized Load Balancing by Joining and Splitting Bins James Aspnes Yitong Yin § 1 Introduction, one of the existing machines gives some of its load to the new machine; and upon a departure
Aspnes, James
equation in cooling load calculations. The performance of nine different procedures (the four methods and
Michal Duška; Martin Barták; František Drkal; Jan Hensen
Demand-Side Response from Industrial Loads
Through a research study funded by the Department of Energy, Smart Grid solutions company ENBALA Power Networks along with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have geospatially quantified the potential flexibility within industrial loads to leverage their inherent process storage to help support the management of the electricity grid. The study found that there is an excess of 12 GW of demand-side load flexibility available in a select list of top industrial facilities in the United States. Future studies will expand on this quantity of flexibility as more in-depth analysis of different industries is conducted and demonstrations are completed.
Starke, Michael R [ORNL; Alkadi, Nasr E [ORNL; Letto, Daryl [Enbala Power Networks; Johnson, Brandon [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Dowling, Kevin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); George, Raoule [Enbala Power Networks; Khan, Saqib [University of Texas, Austin
Taking a Bite out of Lighting Loads
Take a Bite Out of Lighting Loads With LEDs Stephen Williams Toshiba Sales Support Manager ESL-KT-13-12-34 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency Conference, San Antonio, Texas Dec. 16-18 Some LED Advantages • Less electricity ? 18w LED... = 100w PAR38 • No maintenance for years ? 50,000 LED vs.10,000 CFL • Improved light quality ? 80 CRI LED vs. 25 CRI HPS • Reduce HVAC cooling load • Advanced control options ESL-KT-13-12-34 CATEE 2013: Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency Conference, San...
Williams, S.
Method and apparatus for producing durationally short ultraviolet or x-ray laser pulses
A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing ultraviolet or x- ray laser pulses of short duration. An ultraviolet or x-ray laser pulse of long duration is progressively refracted, across the surface of an opaque barrier, by a streaming plasma that is produced by illuminating a solid target with a pulse of conventional line focused high power laser radiation. The short pulse of ultraviolet or x-ray laser radiation, which may be amplified to high power, is separated out by passage through a slit aperture in the opaque barrier.
MacGowan, B.J.; Matthews, D.L.; Trebes, J.E.
Method and apparatus for producing durationally short ultraviolet or X-ray laser pulses
A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing ultraviolet or X-ray laser pulses of short duration (32). An ultraviolet or X-ray laser pulse of long duration (12) is progressively refracted, across the surface of an opaque barrier (28), by a streaming plasma (22) that is produced by illuminating a solid target (16, 18) with a pulse of conventional line focused high power laser radiation (20). The short pulse of ultraviolet or X-ray laser radiation (32), which may be amplified to high power (40, 42), is separated out by passage through a slit aperture (30) in the opaque barrier (28).
MacGowan, Brian J. (Livermore, CA); Matthews, Dennis L. (El Granada, CA); Trebes, James E. (Livermore, CA)
Four-Point Curve Subdivision Based on Iterated Chordal and Centripetal
Richter (Technical Computer Science) Prof. Dr. Gabriel Zachmann (Computer Graphics) #12;Four-Point Curve
Zachmann, Gabriel
A Comparison of Vehicle Speed at Day and Night Rural Horizontal Curves
This thesis documents the linear mixed model developed for vehicle speed along two-lane two-way rural horizontal curves in the outside lane. Speed data at each curve was collected at four points along the curve including the midpoint of the curve...
Quaium, Ridwan B.
Experience Curves and Solar PV Fred Heutte, Senior Policy Associate
Experience Curves and Solar PV Fred Heutte, Senior Policy Associate NW Energy Coalition September 3 resources costs as being ranges rather than fixed values. It is evident that the question of future solar PV small percentage of all resources at present, there is a strong sense that once solar PV reaches "grid
for construction of cryptosystems based on the discrete logarithm problem, and elliptic curve cryptography is now for constructing public key cryptosystems by Galbraith, Paulus and Smart in [8]. Besides providing an algorithm, of a place p is defined as the extension degree of the residue field of p over k. For a divisor D = npp (that
type Riemannian metric on the space of planar curves
of Computational Anatomy (MFCA'06) inria-00635881,version1-26Oct2011 Author manuscript, published in "1st MICCAI (MFCA'06) 41 inria-00635881,version1-26Oct2011 #12;2.2 Closure of open curves in H1 metric A generic z
The elliptic curve database to 130000 John Cremona
The elliptic curve database to 130000 John Cremona University of Nottingham, UK ANTS 7: Berlin, 26 July 2006 #12;1 Plan of the talk · Background and history · Algorithms and Implementation · Summary of the talk · Background and history · Algorithms and Implementation · Summary of data and highlights
The Orbital Light Curve of Aquila X-1
We obtained R- and I-band CCD photometry of the soft X-ray transient/neutron- star binary Aql X-1 in 1998 June while it was at quiescence. We find that its light curve is dominated by ellipsoidal variations, although the ellipsoidal variations are severely distorted and have unequal maxima. After we correct for the contaminating flux from a field star located only 0.46" away, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulation is ~0.25 mag in the R band, which requires the orbital inclination to be greater than 36 degrees. The orbital period we measure is consistent with the 18.95 h period measured by Chevalier & Ilovaisky (1998). During its outbursts the light curve of Aql X-1 becomes single humped. The outburst light curve observed by Garcia et al. (1999) agrees in phase with our quiescent light curve. We show that the single humped variation is caused by a ``reflection effect,'' that is, by heating of the side of the secondary star facing towards the neutron star.
William F. Welsh; Edward L. Robinson; Patrick Young
The dynamics of mercury flow in a curved pipe
The dynamics of mercury flow in a curved pipe Yan Zhan Foluso LadeindeFoluso Ladeinde 11 of the problem Pi t ff t· Pipe curvature effect · Laminar flow in the mercury supply pipe l i· Conclusion #12 Project. · Target delivery systems involves pipe curvature, axially- d d t di l di t d l l th tdependent
McDonald, Kirk
Wind Energy Learning Curves for Reference in Expert Elicitations
Wind Energy Learning Curves for Reference in Expert Elicitations Sarah Mangels, Erin Baker. Abstract: This study presents future projections of wind energy capacity and cost based on historical data. The study will be used during wind- energy expert elicitations (formal interviews aimed to quantify
Mountziaris, T. J.
On the Use of Weber Polynomials in Elliptic Curve Cryptography
On the Use of Weber Polynomials in Elliptic Curve Cryptography Elisavet Konstantinou1,2 , Yannis C using the Complex Multiplication method which typically uses the roots of Hilbert or Weber polynomials and unifying manner a complete set of transformations of the roots of a Weber polynomial to the roots of its
Zaroliagis, Christos D.
A Construction for Computer Visualization Certain Complex Curves
A Construction for Computer Visualization of Certain Complex Curves Andrew J. Hanson Computer representation of a manifold's geometry. Driven by this motivation, we found an extremely use- ful construction variables. Our construction is ideally suited for interactive computer graphics systems; in addition
Indiana University
Efficient Techniques for High-Speed Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Gebotys Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada, {plonga] is an integer, is the central and most time-consuming operation in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). Hence, its gained increasing importance in recent years. In this work, we combine several efficient techniques
Status for Learning Curves indlg ved BES temadag om
;Characteristics of technical changes in wind power technology · Up-scaling of turbines · Improved efficiency's Law": Size - in rated power - doubles every four years #12;On Experience Curves · Cost decreases assessment, forecasting, scenarios, the development of energy models, etc. Researchers will use values
Efficient Algorithms for Implementing Elliptic Curve PublicKey Schemes
Efficient Algorithms for Implementing Elliptic Curve PublicÂKey Schemes by Dan Beauregard A Thesis Cyganski Thesis Advisor Thesis Committee Dr. Stanley Selkow Dr. John Orr Thesis Committee Department Head #12; Preface This thesis describes the research which I conducted while completing my graduate work
Analysis of rabbit intervertebral disc physiology based on water metabolism. II. Changes in normal intervertebral discs under axial vibratory load
Metabolic changes induced by axial vibratory load to the spine were investigated based on water metabolism in normal intervertebral discs of rabbits with or without pentobarbital anesthesia. Tritiated water concentration in the intervertebral discs of unanesthetized rabbits was reduced remarkably by axial vibration for 30 minutes using the vibration machine developed for this study. Repeated vibratory load for 18 and 42 hours duration showed the recovery of /sup 3/H/sub 2/O concentration of the intervertebral disc without anesthesia. Computer simulation suggested a reduction of blood flow surrounding the intervertebral disc following the vibration stress. However, no reduction of the /sup 3/H/sub 2/O concentration in the intervertebral disc was noted under anesthesia. Emotional stress cannot be excluded as a factor in water metabolism in the intervertebral disc.
Hirano, N.; Tsuji, H.; Ohshima, H.; Kitano, S.; Itoh, T.; Sano, A.
A Note on Online Load Balancing for Related Machines
(j) that will execute it. We define the load of a machine i and the load of entire schedule s as follows: load(s; i) = 1A Note on OnÂline Load Balancing for Related Machines Piotr Berman \\Lambda Marek Karpinski y that differ in speed but are related in the following sence: a job of size p requires time p=v on a machine
This study describes the results of a low-cost approach used to measure reported load reductions from a residential electric water heater (EWH) load control program operated as part of PJM Interconnection's Demand Response small customer pilot program. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) conducted this independent review of the engineering estimates for EWH load control reported by a Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) at PJM's request. LBNL employed low-cost measurement and verification (M&V) approaches that utilized existing interval metering equipment to monitor results for a series of load control tests. The CSP collected hourly load data for two substations and several hundred households over a six-week period in October and November 2003. During this time period, the CSP operated its electric water heater load control program during pre-specified test periods in the morning, afternoon and early evening. LBNL then analyzed substation and premise-level data from these tests in order to verify the diversified demand reductions claimed by the CSP for customers participating in the EWH load control program. We found that the observed load reductions for the premise-level data aggregated over all households in the two participating electric cooperatives were, respectively, 40 percent-60 percent less and 3 percent less-10 percent higher than the estimated diversified demand reduction values assumed by the CSP, depending on whether observed or normalized results are considered. We also analyzed sub-station level data and found that the observed load reductions during the test periods were significantly lower than expected, although confounding influences and operational problems signifiogram during pre-specified test periods in the morning, afternoon and early evening. LBNL then analyzed substation and premise-level data from these tests in order to verify the diversified demand reductions claimed by the CSP for customers participating in the EWH load control program. We found that the observed load reductions for the premise-level data aggregated over all households in the two participating electric cooperatives were, respectively, 40 percent-60 percent less and 3 percent less-10 percent higher than the estimated diversified demand reduction values assumed by the CSP, depending on whether observed or normalized results are considered. We also analyzed sub-station level data and found that the observed load reductions during the test periods were significantly lower than expected, although confounding influences and operational problems significantly limit our ability to differentiate between control-related and non-control related differences in substation-level load shape data. The usefulness and accuracy of the results were hampered by operational problems encountered during the measurement period as well as in sufficient number of load research grade interval meters at one cooperative. Given the larger sample size at one electric cooperative and more statistically-robust results, there is some basis to suggest that the Adjusted Diversified Demand Factor (ADDF) values used by the CSP somewhat over-state the actual load reductions. Given the results and limitations of the M&V approach as implemented, we suggest several options for PJM to consider: (1) require load aggregators participating in ISODR programs to utilize formal PURPA-compliant load research samples in their M&V plans, and (2) continue developing lower cost M&V approaches for mass market load control programs that incorporate suggested improvements described in this study.
Analysis of the Load Impacts and Economic
of the Time of Use (TOU) rate plan, called "Analysis of the Load Impacts and Economic Benefits model. The TOU data was rerun through the new spreadsheet model and the results are reported here. · Participation in the TOU rate option also resulted in an average net reduction of 292 kWh/year in annual
Improving Electric Load Forecasts Using Network Committees
, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia Address for corresponding author: Dr. R. E. Abdel-Aal P. O. Box 1759 KFUPM Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia e-mail: radwan load and weather data at power utilities has encouraged the use of data-based machine learning modeling
Abdel-Aal, Radwan E.
Fig. 1. Example System phase loads
power system (SPS) consists of various components such as generators, cables, switchboards, load centers Transformer 9 25 12 Alternate path Generator switchboard Bus-tie breaker Generator 1 Generator 3 Generator 2 4 26 G 29 7 8 ABT 3 single phase cables Visualization for Shipboard Power Systems Karen L. Butler
Load forecast and treatment of conservation
conservation is implicitly incorporated in the short-term demand forecast? #12;3 Incorporating conservationLoad forecast and treatment of conservation July 28th 2010 Resource Adequacy Technical Committee in the short-term model Our short-term model is an econometric model which can not explicitly forecast
Load responsive multilayer insulation performance testing
Cryogenic insulation designed to operate at various pressures from one atmosphere to vacuum, with high thermal performance and light weight, is needed for cryogenically fueled space launch vehicles and aircraft. Multilayer insulation (MLI) performs well in a high vacuum, but the required vacuum shell for use in the atmosphere is heavy. Spray-on foam insulation (SOFI) is often used in these systems because of its light weight, but can have a higher heat flux than desired. We report on the continued development of Load Responsive Multilayer Insulation (LRMLI), an advanced thermal insulation system that uses dynamic beam discrete spacers that provide high thermal performance both in atmosphere and vacuum. LRMLI consists of layers of thermal radiation barriers separated and supported by micromolded polymer spacers. The spacers have low thermal conductance, and self-support a thin, lightweight vacuum shell that provides internal high vacuum in the insulation. The dynamic load responsive spacers compress to support the external load of a vacuum shell in one atmosphere, and decompress under reduced atmospheric pressure for lower heat leak. Structural load testing was performed on the spacers with various configurations. LRMLI was installed on a 400 liter tank and boil off testing with liquid nitrogen performed at various chamber pressures from one atmosphere to high vacuum. Testing was also performed with an MLI blanket on the outside of the LRMLI.
Dye, S.; Kopelove, A. [Quest Thermal Group, 6452 Fig Street Suite A, Arvada, CO 80004 (United States); Mills, G. L. [Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp, 1600 Commerce Street, Boulder, CO 80301 (United States)
Valve for fuel pin loading system
A cyclone valve surrounds a wall opening through which cladding is projected. An axial valve inlet surrounds the cladding. Air is drawn through the inlet by a cyclone stream within the valve. An inflatable seal is included to physically engage a fuel pin subassembly during loading of fuel pellets.
Christiansen, D.W.
Christiansen, David W. (Kennewick, WA)
Extremum seeking control techniques applied to photovoltaic systems with multimodal power curves
) Current(A) 0 200 320025 I-V curve P-V curve VMPP Power(W) 1000 Fig. 1. Photovoltaic cell I-V and P nonlinear steady-state characteristics, expressed as either current versus voltage (the so called I-V curve), or as power versus voltage (the P-V curve, like the one in Fig. 1). The I-V and P-V curves of a PV system vary
Fuel loading and homogeneity analysis of HFIR design fuel plates loaded with uranium silicide fuel
Twelve nuclear reactor fuel plates were analyzed for fuel loading and fuel loading homogeneity by measuring the attenuation of a collimated X-ray beam as it passed through the plates. The plates were identical to those used by the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) but were loaded with uranium silicide rather than with HFIR`s uranium oxide fuel. Systematic deviations from nominal fuel loading were observed as higher loading near the center of the plates and underloading near the radial edges. These deviations were within those allowed by HFIR specifications. The report begins with a brief background on the thermal-hydraulic uncertainty analysis for the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Reactor that motivated a statistical description of fuel loading and homogeneity. The body of the report addresses the homogeneity measurement techniques employed, the numerical correction required to account for a difference in fuel types, and the statistical analysis of the resulting data. This statistical analysis pertains to local variation in fuel loading, as well as to ``hot segment`` analysis of narrow axial regions along the plate and ``hot streak`` analysis, the cumulative effect of hot segment loading variation. The data for all twelve plates were compiled and divided into 20 regions for analysis, with each region represented by a mean and a standard deviation to report percent deviation from nominal fuel loading. The central regions of the plates showed mean values of about +3% deviation, while the edge regions showed mean values of about {minus}7% deviation. The data within these regions roughly approximated random samplings from normal distributions, although the chi-square ({chi}{sup 2}) test for goodness of fit to normal distributions was not satisfied.
Blumenfeld, P.E.
2004 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book), which is published annually by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), establishes one of the planning bases for supplying electricity to customers. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues, although the database that generates the data for the White Book analysis contributes to the development of BPA's inventory and ratemaking processes. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions that include expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. The load resource balance of BPA and/or the region is determined by comparing resource availability to an expected level of total retail electricity consumption. Resources include projected energy capability plus contract purchases. Loads include a forecast of retail obligations plus contract obligations. Surplus energy is available when resources are greater than loads. This energy could be marketed to increase revenues. Energy deficits occur when resources are less than loads. These deficits could be met by any combination of the following: better-than-critical water conditions, demand-side management and conservation programs, permanent loss of loads due to economic conditions or closures, additional contract purchases, and/or the addition of new generating resources. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the current Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA). The PNCA defines the planning and operation of seventeen U.S. Pacific Northwest utilities and other parties with generating facilities within the region's hydroelectric (hydro) system. The hydroregulation study used for the 2004 White Book incorporates measures from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries (NOAA Fisheries) Biological Opinion dated December 2000, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 2000 Biological Opinion (2000 FCRPS BiOps) for the Snake River and Columbia River projects. These measures include: (1) Increased flow augmentation for juvenile fish migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers in the spring and summer; (2) Mandatory spill requirements at the Lower Snake and Columbia dams to provide for non-turbine passage routes for juvenile fish migrants; and (3) Additional flows for Kootenai River white sturgeon in the spring; The hydroregulation criteria for this analysis includes the following: (1) Detailed Operation Plan operation for Treaty reservoirs for Operating Year (OY) 2004; (2) PNCA planning criteria for OY 2004; and (3) Juvenile fish bypass spill levels for 2000 FCRPS BiOps implementation. The 2004 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary document of Federal system and PNW region loads and resources, and (2) a technical appendix which presents regional loads, grouped by major PNW utility categories, and detailed contract and resource information. The technical appendix is available only in electronic form. Individual customer information for marketer contracts is not detailed due to confidentiality agreements. The 2004 White Book analysis updates the 2003 White Book. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for the study period, OY 2006 through 2015. The study shows the Federal s
2003 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.
The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book), which is published annually by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), establishes one of the planning bases for supplying electricity to customers. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues, although the database that generates the data for the White Book analysis contributes to the development of BPA's inventory and ratemaking processes. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions that include expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared to an expected level of total retail electricity consumption. The forecasted annual energy electricity retail load plus contract obligations are subtracted from the sum of the projected annual energy capability of existing resources and contract purchases to determine whether BPA and/or the region will be surplus or deficit. Surplus energy is available when resources are greater than loads. This energy could be marketed to increase revenues. Deficits occur when resources are less than loads. Energy deficits could be met by any combination of the following: better-than-critical water conditions, demand-side management and conservation programs, permanent loss of a load (i.e., due to economic conditions or closures), additional contract purchases, and/or new generating resources. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA). The PNCA defines the planning and operation of seventeen U.S. Pacific Northwest utilities and other parties with generating facilities within the region's hydroelectric (hydro) system. The hydroregulation study used for the 2003 White Book incorporates measures from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries (NOAA Fisheries) Biological Opinion dated December 2000, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 2000 Biological Opinion (2000 FCRPS BiOps) for the Snake River and Columbia River projects. These measures include: (1) Increased flow augmentation for juvenile fish migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers in the spring and summer; (2) Mandatory spill requirements at the Lower Snake and Columbia dams to provide for non-turbine passage routes for juvenile fish migrants; and (3) Additional flows for Kootenai River white sturgeon in the spring. The hydroregulation criteria for this analysis includes: an updated Detailed Operation Plan for Treaty reservoirs for Operating Year (OY) 2004, updated PNCA planning criteria for OY 2003, and revised juvenile fish bypass spill levels for 2000 FCRPS BiOps implementation. The 2003 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary document of Federal system and PNW region loads and resources, and (2) a technical appendix which presents regional loads, grouped by major PNW utility categories, and detailed contract and resource information. The technical appendix is available only in electronic form. Individual customer information regarding marketer contracts is not detailed due to confidentiality agreements. The 2003 White Book analysis updates the December 2002 White Book. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability
A Load-based Micro-indentation Technique for Mechanical Property and NDE Evaluation
A load-based micro-indentation technique has been developed for evaluating mechanical properties of materials. Instead of using measured indentation depth or contact area as a necessary parameter, the new technique is based on the indentation load, coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure for mechanical property evaluation. The proposed load-based micro-indentation method is capable of determining Young's modulus of metals, superalloys, and single crystal matrices, and stiffness of coated material systems with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. This micro-indentation technique can be viewed as a viable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for determining as-manufactured and process-exposed metal, superalloy, single crystal, and TBC-coated material properties. Based on this technique, several bond coated substrates were tested at various stages of thermal cycles. The time-series evaluation of test material surface stiffness reveals the status of coating strength without any alternation of the coating surface, making it a true time-series NDE investigation. The microindentation test results show good correlation with post mortem microstructural analyses. This technique also shows promise for the development of a portable instrument for on-line, in-situ NDE and mechanical properties measurement of structural components.
Bruce S. Kang; Chuanyu Feng; Jared M. Tannenbaum; M.A. Alvin
PATHS: Analysis of PATH Duration Statistics and their Impact on Reactive MANET Routing Protocols
PATHS: Analysis of PATH Duration Statistics and their Impact on Reactive MANET Routing Protocols Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California {narayans,fbai,bkrishna,firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT We develop a detailed approach to study how mobility im- pacts the performance of reactive MANET
Krishnamachari, Bhaskar
On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum Ursula Rohl and Thomas Westerhold
On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) Ursula Ro¨hl and Thomas Westerhold of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA [1] The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is one of global warming and a massive perturbation of the global carbon cycle from injection of isotopically light
Zachos, James
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Efficiency Analysis for Long-Duration Electric MAVs
= gear reduction ratio p = propeller power efficiency bP = power delivered by battery [W] = propeller in storage, handling, safety, refueling, etc. Here, we examine what is possible with Li technology batteriesAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1 Efficiency Analysis for Long-Duration Electric
Mohseni, Kamran
Influence of laser pulse duration on extreme ultraviolet and ion emission features from tin plasmas
studies showed that the EUV/x-ray emission from laser-heated clusters are strong function of laser pulseInfluence of laser pulse duration on extreme ultraviolet and ion emission features from tin plasmasLASE Project, Department of Diode-Pumped Lasers, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague
Harilal, S. S.
Duration distributions for different softness groups of gamma-ray bursts
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two classes according to their durations. We investigate if the softness of bursts plays a role in the conventional classification of the objects. We employ the BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) catalog and analyze the duration distributions of different groups of GRBs associated with distinct softness. Our analysis reveals that the conventional classification of GRBs with the duration of bursts is influenced by the softness of the objects. There exits a bimodality in the duration distribution of GRBs for each group of bursts and the time position of the dip in the bimodality histogram shifts with the softness parameter. Our findings suggest that the conventional classification scheme should be modified by separating the two well-known populations in different softness groups, which would be more reasonable than doing so with a single sample. According to the relation between the dip position and the softness parameter, we get an empirical function that can roughly set apart the short-hard and long-soft bursts: $SP = (0.100 \\pm 0.028) T_{90}^{-(0.85 \\pm 0.18)}$, where $SP$ is the softness parameter adopted in this paper.
Y. -P. Qin; A. C. Gupta; J. H. Fan; C. -Y. Su; R. -J. Lu
Reliability and Accuracy of Heart Rate Variability Metrics Versus ECG Segment Duration
Reliability and Accuracy of Heart Rate Variability Metrics Versus ECG Segment Duration J. McNames1 calculated from short-term (5 min) and long-term (24 h) recordings of the electrocardiogram (ECG). We compared the accuracy of nine HRV metrics calculated from ECG records spanning 10 s to 10 min
Modularization and simulation techniques for heat balance-based energy and load calculation
the Loads Toolkit research project is to obtain a heat balance based load calculation procedure that
Richard K. Strand
Load controller and method to enhance effective capacity of a photovotaic power supply using a dynamically determined expected peak loading
A load controller and method are provided for maximizing effective capacity of a non-controllable, renewable power supply coupled to a variable electrical load also coupled to a conventional power grid. Effective capacity is enhanced by monitoring power output of the renewable supply and loading, and comparing the loading against the power output and a load adjustment threshold determined from an expected peak loading. A value for a load adjustment parameter is calculated by subtracting the renewable supply output and the load adjustment parameter from the current load. This value is then employed to control the variable load in an amount proportional to the value of the load control parameter when the parameter is within a predefined range. By so controlling the load, the effective capacity of the non-controllable, renewable power supply is increased without any attempt at operational feedback control of the renewable supply. The expected peak loading of the variable load can be dynamically determined within a defined time interval with reference to variations in the variable load.
Perez, Richard (Delmar, NY)
Predicting non-isometric fatigue induced by electrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulse duration
electrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulseelectrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulsestimulation parameters (train duration, interpulse interval,
Marion, M Susan; Wexler, Anthony S; Hull, Maury L
Doppler planet searches have discovered that giant planets follow orbits with a wide range of orbital eccentricities, revolutionizing theories of planet formation. The discovery of hundreds of exoplanet candidates by NASA's Kepler mission enables astronomers to characterize the eccentricity distribution of small exoplanets. Measuring the eccentricity of individual planets is only practical in favorable cases that are amenable to complementary techniques (e.g., radial velocities, transit timing variations, occultation photometry). Yet even in the absence of individual eccentricities, it is possible to study the distribution of eccentricities based on the distribution of transit durations (relative to the maximum transit duration for a circular orbit). We analyze the transit duration distribution of Kepler planet candidates. We find that for host stars with T{sub eff} > 5100 K we cannot invert this to infer the eccentricity distribution at this time due to uncertainties and possible systematics in the host star densities. With this limitation in mind, we compare the observed transit duration distribution with models to rule out extreme distributions. If we assume a Rayleigh eccentricity distribution for Kepler planet candidates, then we find best fits with a mean eccentricity of 0.1-0.25 for host stars with T{sub eff} {<=} 5100 K. We compare the transit duration distribution for different subsets of Kepler planet candidates and discuss tentative trends with planetary radius and multiplicity. High-precision spectroscopic follow-up observations for a large sample of host stars will be required to confirm which trends are real and which are the results of systematic errors in stellar radii. Finally, we identify planet candidates that must be eccentric or have a significantly underestimated stellar radius.
Moorhead, Althea V.; Ford, Eric B.; Morehead, Robert C. [Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111 (United States); Rowe, Jason; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Li Jie; Quintana, Elisa [SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043 (United States); Borucki, William J.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J. [NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 (United States); Batalha, Natalie M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 (United States); Fabrycky, Daniel C. [UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States); Gautier, Thomas N. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Holman, Matthew J.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Ragozzine, Darin [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Lucas, Philip [Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB (United Kingdom); Marcy, Geoffrey W., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States)
Seismic considerations in the evaluation of temporary loads
Temporary loads in nuclear power facilities can result from a number of activities including special one time operating conditions, repair and upgrade conditions, and ALARA requirements for operation, inspection and maintenance. Many times evaluation of these loadings includes their consideration in conjunction with other design basis loadings such as normal loads and extreme event loads including earthquake loadings. At times this combination with design basis extreme loads, such as earthquake, results in predicted structural demands which exceed the design basis capacity. Many times a major contributor to this demand prediction is the earthquake loadings. Discussed in this paper are analytical methods, probabilistic considerations, and earthquake experienced based evaluations which can be applied to reduce the earthquake demand for short term temporary loadings.
Adams, T.M. [Stevenson and Associates, Cleveland, OH (United States); Stevenson, J.D.
Loading and pre-loading processes generate a distinct siRNA population in Tetrahymena
Highlights: •The Tetrahymena Argonaute protein Twi1p binds to ?28–30-nt siRNAs called scnRNAs. •The size of scnRNAs is determined during a pre-loading process. •The 5? uracil bias of scnRNAs is attributed to pre-loading and loading processes. •The thermodynamic asymmetry of scnRNA duplex doesnot affect the guide strand decision. •scnRNAs may be produced non-sequentially from dsRNA substrates by Dicer. -- Abstract: The various properties of small RNAs, such as length, terminal nucleotide, thermodynamic asymmetry and duplex mismatches, can impact their sorting into different Argonaute proteins in diverse eukaryotes. The developmentally regulated 26- to 32-nt siRNAs (scnRNAs) are loaded to the Argonaute protein Twi1p and display a strong bias for uracil at the 5? end. In this study, we used deep sequencing to analyze loaded and unloaded populations of scnRNAs. We show that the size of the scnRNA is determined during a pre-loading process, whereas their 5? uracil bias is attributed to both pre-loading and loading processes. We also demonstrate that scnRNAs have a strong bias for adenine at the third base from the 3? terminus, suggesting that most scnRNAs are direct Dicer products. Furthermore, we show that the thermodynamic asymmetry of the scnRNA duplex does not affect the guide and passenger strand decision. Finally, we show that scnRNAs frequently have templated uracil at the last base without a strong bias for adenine at the second base indicating non-sequential production of scnRNAs from substrates. These findings provide a biochemical basis for the varying attributes of scnRNAs, which should help improve our understanding of the production and turnover of scnRNAs in vivo.
Mochizuki, Kazufumi, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Kurth, Henriette M.
Methods for Analyzing Electric Load Shape and its Variability
Current methods of summarizing and analyzing electric load shape are discussed briefly and compared. Simple rules of thumb for graphical display of load shapes are suggested. We propose a set of parameters that quantitatively describe the load shape in many buildings. Using the example of a linear regression model to predict load shape from time and temperature, we show how quantities such as the load?s sensitivity to outdoor temperature, and the effectiveness of demand response (DR), can be quantified. Examples are presented using real building data.
Price, Philip
On calculation of microlensing light curve by gravitational lens caustic
For an analysis of microlensing observational data in case of binary gravitational lenses as well as for an interpretation of observations of high magnification events in multiple images of a lensed quasar it is necessary to calculate for a given source the microlensing light curve by a fold caustic. This problem comes to the numerical calculation of a singular integral. We formulated the sufficient condition of a convergence of the integral sum for this singular integral. The strictly approach to the problem of a comparison of model results with the unequally sampled observational data consists in calculation of the model light curve in equidistant points of the canonical dissection of the integration segment and a following interpolation of its values at the moments of observations.
M. B. Bogdanov
Recent observations of the rotation curve of M31 show a rise of the outer part that cannot be understood in terms of standard dark matter models or perturbations of the galactic disk by M31's satellites. Here, we propose an explanation of this dynamical feature based on the influence of the magnetic field within the thin disk. We have considered standard mass models for the luminous mass distribution, a Navarro-Frenk-White model to describe the dark halo, and we have added up the contribution to the rotation curve of a magnetic field in the disk, which is described by an axisymmetric pattern. Our conclusion is that a significant improvement of the fit in the outer part is obtained when magnetic effects are considered. The best-fit solution requires an amplitude of {approx}4 {mu}G with a weak radial dependence between 10 and 38 kpc.
Ruiz-Granados, B.; Rubino-Martin, J. A. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Florido, E.; Battaner, E. [Departamento Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain)
Generation of Closed Timelike Curves with Rotating Superconductors
The spacetime metric around a rotating SuperConductive Ring (SCR) is deduced from the gravitomagnetic London moment in rotating superconductors. It is shown that theoretically it is possible to generate Closed Timelike Curves (CTC) with rotating SCRs. The possibility to use these CTC's to travel in time as initially idealized by G\\"{o}del is investigated. It is shown however, that from a technology and experimental point of view these ideas are impossible to implement in the present context.
Clovis Jacinto de Matos
An improved method to predict future IPR curves
This paper presents a significantly improved yet simple method to predict future oilwell deliverability and inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves. For the 21 reservoirs studied, current empirical techniques overpredicted future performance by 117%, while the new approach reduced the average error to only 9%. This new method, when coupled with nodal analysis, could affect equipment sizing, investment planning, and property sales economics significantly because it provides more realistic predictions.
Klins, M.A. (Chevron U.S.A. Production Co., Inc., Lost Hills, CA (United States)); Clark, J.W. III (Chevron Petroleum Technology Co., Inc., La Habra, CA (United States))
Discussions on the Cancellation Effect on a Curved Orbit
The canonical formulation and the cancellation effect for bunch dynamics under collective interaction on a curved orbit were presented in Ref. [*]. Some possible controversial representations of the cancellation effect were later addressed by Geloni et al.** In this study, we discuss all the points raised in Ref. [**] based on our canonical treatment, and show how these points can be perceived from the view point of the cancellation picture.
Rui Li; Ya. S. Derbenev
Analysis of gas deliverability curves for predicting future well performance
is how to use backpressure test data to determine reservoir characteristics and predict fu tu re reservoir p er f orma nc e. The commonly used deliverability equation does not adequately consider the effects of real gas behavior or non-Darcy flow.... These factors cause the gas deliverability curves to deviate from the expected straight line and to shi ft position with time. To investigate these problems, a pseudosteady-state flow model was used to simulate backpressure tests for known reservoirs...
Corbett, Thomas Gary
Optical and EUV light curves of dwarf nova outbursts
We combine AAVSO and VSS/RASNZ optical and Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer EUV light curves of dwarf novae in outburst to place constraints on the nature of dwarf nova outbursts. From the observed optical-EUV time delays of {approx} 0.75-1.5 days, we show that the propagation velocity of the dwarf nova instability heating wave is {approx} 3 km s{sup -1}.
Mauche, C W; Mattei, J A; Bateson, F M
A consideration of a micro-Phillips' Curve
-Phillips' Curves using an SMSA as the definition of a labor market. Sixteen SMSA's were separately studied by regressing wage changes on the unemployment rate and the rate of change of unemploy- ment for monthly data. The sixteen SMSA's were then pooled via a... covariance model to form a national labor market. iv It was found that the estimated regression coefficient for the unemployment rate was insignificant at the . 10 level of significance on both the aggregate and disaggregate level. This suggests...
Paczkowski, Walter Richard
Deterministic Josephson Vortex Ratchet with a load
We investigate experimentally a deterministic underdamped Josephson vortex ratchet -- a fluxon-particle moving along a Josephson junction in an asymmetric periodic potential. By applying a sinusoidal driving current one can compel the vortex to move in a certain direction, producing average dc voltage across the junction. Being in such a rectification regime we also load the ratchet, i.e., apply an additional dc bias current I_dc (counterforce) which tilts the potential so that the fluxon climbs uphill due to the ratchet effect. The value of the bias current at which the fluxon stops climbing up defines the strength of the ratchet effect and is determined experimentally. This allows us to estimate the loading capability of the ratchet, the output power and efficiency. For the quasi-static regime we present a simple model which delivers simple analytic expressions for the above mentioned figures of merit.
M. Knufinke; K. Ilin; M. Siegel; D. Koelle; R. Kleiner; E. Goldobin
Theory of a quantum noncanonical field in curved spacetimes
Much attention has been recently devoted to the possibility that quantum gravity effects could lead to departures from special relativity in the form of a deformed Poincare algebra. These proposals go generically under the name of doubly or deformed special relativity (DSR). In this article we further explore a recently proposed class of quantum field theories, involving noncanonically commuting complex scalar fields, which have been shown to entail a DSR-like symmetry. An open issue for such theories is whether the DSR-like symmetry has to be taken as a physically relevant symmetry, or if in fact the 'true' symmetries of the theory are just rotations and translations while boost invariance has to be considered broken. Here we analyze this issue by extending the known results to curved spacetime under both of the previous assumptions. We show that if the symmetry of the free theory is taken to be a DSR-like realization of the Poincare symmetry, then it is not possible to render such a symmetry a gauge symmetry of the curved physical spacetime. However, it is possible to introduce an auxiliary spacetime which allows one to describe the theory as a standard quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Alternatively, taking the point of view that the noncanonical commutation of the fields actually implies a breakdown of boost invariance, the physical spacetime manifold has to be foliated in surfaces of simultaneity, and the field theory can be coupled to gravity by making use of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner prescription.
Indurain, Javier; Liberati, Stefano [Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009 (Spain); SISSA, Via Beirut 2-4, 34151 Trieste (Italy) and INFN sezione di Trieste (Italy)
Method of non-destructively inspecting a curved wall portion
A method of non-destructively inspecting a curved wall portion of a large and thick walled vessel for a defect by computed tomography is provided. A collimated source of radiation is placed adjacent one side of the wall portion and an array of detectors for the radiation is placed on the other side adjacent the source. The radiation from the source passing through the wall portion is then detected with the detectors over a limited angle, dependent upon the curvature of the wall of the vessel, to obtain a dataset. The source and array are then coordinately moved relative to the wall portion in steps and a further dataset is obtained at each step. The plurality of datasets obtained over the limited angle is then processed to produce a tomogram of the wall portion to determine the presence of a defect therein. In a preferred embodiment, the curved wall portion has a center of curvature so that the source and the array are positioned at each step along a respective arc curved about the center. If desired, the detector array and source can be reoriented relative to a new wall portion and an inspection of the new wall portion can be easily obtained. Further, the source and detector array can be indexed in a direction perpendicular to a plane including the limited angle in a plurality of steps so that by repeating the detecting and moving steps at each index step, a three dimensional image can be created of the wall portion.
Fong, James T. (Bethel Park, PA)
Electricity pricing for conservation and load shifting
The electricity industry is facing the challenge of increasing costs of reliably meeting demand growth and fully complying with legislative renewable portfolio standards and greenhouse gas reduction targets. However, an electric utility's existing tariffs often don't have rates that increase with consumption volume or vary by time of use, thus not fully exploiting the potential benefits from customer conservation and load shifting. (author)
Orans, Ren; Woo, C.K.; Horii, Brian; Chait, Michele; DeBenedictis, Andrew
Advanced Reactors Transition Program Resource Loaded Schedule
The Advanced Reactors Transition (ART) Resource Loaded Schedule (RLS) provides a cost and schedule baseline for managing the project elements within the ART Program. The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) activities are delineated through the end of FY 2000, assuming continued standby. The Nuclear Energy (NE) Legacies and Plutonium Recycle Test Reactor (PRTR) activities are delineated through the end of the deactivation process. This document reflects the 1 Oct 1999 baseline.
Composition containing aerogel substrate loaded with tritium
The invention provides a process for loading an aerogel substrate with tritium and the resultant compositions. According to the process, an aerogel substrate is hydrolyzed so that surface OH groups are formed. The hydrolyzed aerogel is then subjected to tritium exchange employing, for example, a tritium-containing gas, whereby tritium atoms replace H atoms of surface OH groups. OH and/or CH groups of residual alcohol present in the aerogel may also undergo tritium exchange.
Ashley, Carol S. (Albuquerque, NM); Brinker, C. Jeffrey (Albuquerque, NM); Ellefson, Robert E. (Centerville, OH); Gill, John T. (Miamisburg, OH); Reed, Scott (Albuquerque, NM); Walko, Robert J. (Albuquerque, NM)
Batch load anaerobic digestion of dairy manure
and resource recovery. Anaerobic digestion of manure has re- ceived much attention as a method to reduce the pollution threat to the environment while reclaiming energy in the form of methane gas from the biomass. Currently there is one commercial anaerobic... production than the conventional process used in most studies to date. The objective of this research was to evaluate a batch load digestion process for methane production from dairy manure to determine the optimum influent total solids concentration...
Egg, Richard P
Thermal loading considerations for synchrotron radiation mirrors
Grazing incidence mirrors used to focus synchrotron radiation beams through small distant apertures have severe optical requirements. The surface distortion due to heat loading of the first mirror in a bending magnet beam line is of particular concern when a large fraction of the incident beam is absorbed. In this paper we discuss mirror design considerations involved in minimizing the thermal/mechanical loading on vertically deflecting first surface mirrors required for SPEAR synchrotron radiation beam lines. Topics include selection of mirror material and cooling method, the choice of SiC for the substrate, optimization of the thickness, and the design of the mirror holder and cooling mechanism. Results obtained using two-dimensional, finite-element thermal/mechanical distortion analysis are presented for the case of a 6/sup 0/ grazing incidence SiC mirror absorbing up to 260 W at Beam Line VIII on the SPEAR ring. Test descriptions and results are given for the material used to thermally couple this SiC mirror to a water-cooled block. The interface material is limited to applications for which the equivalent normal heat load is less than 20 W/cm/sup 2/.
Holdener, F.R.; Berglin, E.J.; Fuchs, B.A.; Humpal, H.H.; Karpenko, V.P.; Martin, R.W.; Tirsell, K.G.
A NEW POPULATION OF HIGH-REDSHIFT SHORT-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS E. Berger,1,2,3
A NEW POPULATION OF HIGH-REDSHIFT SHORT-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS E. Berger,1,2,3 D. B. Fox,4 P. A The redshift distribution of the short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a crucial, but currently fragmentary rays: bursts Online material: color figures 1. INTRODUCTION The redshift distribution of the short
Sheppard, Scott S.
Title of Dissertation: A Search for Short Duration Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts
of GRBs. #12;A Search for Short Duration Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts by David NoyesABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: A Search for Short Duration Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray by gamma rays with primary energies of approximately 100 GeV and higher. The wide field of view ( 2 sr
The Sludge Treatment Project (STP) is considering two different concepts for the retrieval, loading, transport and interim storage of the K Basin sludge. The two design concepts under consideration are: (1) Hydraulic Loading Concept - In the hydraulic loading concept, the sludge is retrieved from the Engineered Containers directly into the Sludge Transport and Storage Container (STSC) while located in the STS cask in the modified KW Basin Annex. The sludge is loaded via a series of transfer, settle, decant, and filtration return steps until the STSC sludge transportation limits are met. The STSC is then transported to T Plant and placed in storage arrays in the T Plant canyon cells for interim storage. (2) Small Canister Concept - In the small canister concept, the sludge is transferred from the Engineered Containers (ECs) into a settling vessel. After settling and decanting, the sludge is loaded underwater into small canisters. The small canisters are then transferred to the existing Fuel Transport System (FTS) where they are loaded underwater into the FTS Shielded Transfer Cask (STC). The STC is raised from the basin and placed into the Cask Transfer Overpack (CTO), loaded onto the trailer in the KW Basin Annex for transport to T Plant. At T Plant, the CTO is removed from the transport trailer and placed on the canyon deck. The CTO and STC are opened and the small canisters are removed using the canyon crane and placed into an STSC. The STSC is closed, and placed in storage arrays in the T Plant canyon cells for interim storage. The purpose of the cost estimate is to provide a comparison of the two concepts described.
Energy Efficient Geographical Load Balancing via Dynamic Deferral of Workload
Energy Efficient Geographical Load Balancing via Dynamic Deferral of Workload Muhammad Abdullah geographical load balancing techniques have been suggested for data centers hosting cloud computation in order to reduce energy cost by exploiting the electricity price differences across regions. However
Gupta, Rajesh
Assessing and Reducing Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in Lodging
Miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) are the loads outside of a building's core functions of heating, ventilating, air conditioning, lighting, and water heating. This report reviews methods to reduce MELs in lodging.
Rauch, Emily M.
Modeling and Estimating Current Harmonics of Variable Electronic Loads
This paper develops a model for relating input current harmonic content to real power consumption for variable electronic loads, specifically for loads' actively controlled inverters energized by an uncontrolled rectification ...
Wichakool, Warit
Cooling load differences between radiant and air systems
radiant heat transfer for cooling load calculation.heat gain is well recognized by cooling load calculationload calculation approach for radiant systems, Corgnati [17] also tackled the direct radiant heat
Feng, Jingjuan Dove; Schiavon, Stefano; Bauman, Fred
Load Management and Houston Lighting and Power Co.
Defining Load Management as influencing of customer loads in order to shift the time use of electric power and energy, encompasses a broad spectrum of activities at Houston Lighting & Power Company. This paper describes those activities by directing...
Drawe, R. G.; Ramsay, I. M.
Search for Short Duration Bursts of TeV $\\gamma$ Rays with the Milagrito Telescope
The Milagrito water Cherenkov telescope operated for over a year. The most probable gamma-ray energy was ~1 TeV and the trigger rate was as high as 400 Hz. We have developed an efficient technique for searching the entire sky for short duration bursts of TeV photons. Such bursts may result from "traditional" gamma-ray bursts that were not in the field-of-view of any other instruments, the evaporation of primordial black holes, or some as yet undiscovered phenomenon. We have begun to search the Milagrito data set for bursts of duration 10 seconds. Here we will present the technique and the expected results. Final results will be presented at the conference.
Atkins, R; Berley, D; Chen, M L; Coyne, D G; Delay, R S; Dingus, B L; Dorfan, D E; Ellsworth, R W; Evans, D; Falcone, A D; Fleysher, L; Fleysher, R; Gisler, G; Goodman, J A; Haines, T J; Hoffman, C M; Hugenberger, S; Kelley, L A; Leonor, I; Macri, J R; McConnell, M; McCullough, J F; McEnery, J E; Miller, R S; Mincer, A I; Morales, M F; Némethy, P; Ryan, J M; Schneider, M; Shen, B; Shoup, A L; Sinnis, G; Smith, A J; Sullivan, G W; Thompson, T N; Tümer, T O; Wang, K; Wascko, M O; Westerhoff, S; Williams, D A; Yang, T; Yodh, G B
R. Atkins; W. Benbow; D. Berley; M. -L. Chen; D. G. Coyne; R. S. Delay; B. L. Dingus; D. E. Dorfan; R. W. Ellsworth; D. Evans; A. Falcone; L. Fleysher; R. Fleysher; G. Gisler; J. A. Goodman; T. J. Haines; C. M. Hoffman; S. Hugenberger; L. A. Kelley; I. Leonor; J. Macri; M. McConnell; J. F. McCullough; J. E. McEnery; R. S. Miller; A. I. Mincer; M. F. Morales; P. Nemethy; J. M. Ryan; M. Schneider; B. Shen; A. Shoup; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; G. W. Sullivan; T. N. Thompson; O. T. Tumer; K. Wang; M. O. Wascko; S. Westerhoff; D. A. Williams; T. Yang; G. B. Yodh
Nondestructive evaluation of silicon-nitride ceramic valves from engine duration test.
In this study, we investigated impact and wear damage in silicon-nitride ceramic valves that were subjected to an engine duration test in a natural-gas engine. A high-speed automated laser-scattering system was developed for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of 10 SN235P silicon-nitride valves. The NDE system scans the entire valve surface and generates a two-dimensional scattering image that is used to identify location, size and relative severity of subsurface damage in the valves. NED imaging data were obtained at before and at 100 and 500 hours of the engine duration test. The NDE data were analyzed and compared with surface photomicrographs. Wear damage was found in the impact surface of all valves, expecially for exhaust valves. However, the NDE examination did not detect subsurface damage such as cracks or spalls in these engine-tested valves.
Sun, J. G.; Trethewey, J. S.; Vanderspiegle, N. N.; Jensen, J. A.; Nuclear Engineering Division; Caterpillar, Inc.
Long-duration high-energy proton events observed by GOES in October 1989
®cant num- bers of particles out of the ambient solar wind to high energies, but it can con®ne and reLong-duration high-energy proton events observed by GOES in October 1989 A. Anttila, L. G. Kocharov, Finland Fax: +358 2 333 5993; e-mail: aanttila@utu.® Received: 17 November 1997 / Revised: 9 February 1998
Customer Load Eligibility Guidelines (CLEG), June 26, 2013
Incidental andor IrrigationPumping, and Commercial Processing Loads on a Single Meter. ... 4 5.2.4. Incidental...
Reduced Study Load Application Form International Students on Student Visa
in a standard load for the following reasons: Continued on next page #12;CRICOS Provider No. 00300K (NTReduced Study Load Application Form International Students on Student Visa CRICOS Provider No. 00300K (NT/VIC) | CRICOS Provider No. 03286A (NSW) Study Load Requirements International students
On the Minimum Load Coloring Problem --Extended Abtract--
# such that the maximum load, l # := max{r# , b #}, is minimized. In the following we shall skip the term ``maximumOn the Minimum Load Coloring Problem --Extended Abtract-- Nitin Ahuja 1 , Andreas Baltz 2 Abstract. Given a graph G = (V, E) with n vertices, m edges and maximum vertex degree #, the load
Doerr, Benjamin
Numerical Simulation of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures
Numerical Simulation of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures Hrvoje Jasak, Inno Gatin, Vuko Workshop, Cambridge, 30 July 2014 Numerical Simulation of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures  p. #12 of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures  p. #12;VOF Free Surface Flow Model Modelling of Free Surface
Coupling Wind Generation with Controllable Load and Storage
Coupling Wind Generation with Controllable Load and Storage: A Time-Series Application of the Super Electric Energy System #12;Coupling Wind Generation with Controllable Load and Storage: A Time Wind Generation with Controllable Load and Storage: A Time-Series Application of the SuperOPF." (PSERC
optics. A background gas, such as Xe, could reduce the damage on the wall from ion and heat loading fusion micro explosion (~ 10 Hz), ions and heat loads threaten to damage the reactor wall and driver. · The thermal loading of a target (radiation from the chamber wall and convection from the protective gas) may
Raffray, A. René
Guide to Dowel LoadTransfer Systems for Jointed Concrete
Guide to Dowel LoadTransfer Systems for Jointed Concrete Roadway Pavements TECH BRIEF SEPTEMBER 2011 #12;#12;GUIDE TO DOWEL LOAD TRANSFER SYSTEMS FOR JOINTED CONCRETE ROADWAY PAVEMENTS i Technical and Subtitle Guide to Dowel Load Transfer Systems for Jointed Concrete Roadway Pavements 5. Report Date
AIAAÂ98Â0057 RELATING TURBULENCE TO WIND TURBINE BLADE LOADS: PARAMETRIC STUDY WITH MULTIPLE that is most useful in estimating fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. The histograms of rainflow counted turbulence measures---can be used to estimate fatigue loads on wind turbine blades. We first de scribe
Sweetman, Bert
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry
Load Alleviation on Wind Turbine Blades using Variable Airfoil Geometry Peter Bjřrn Andersen, Mac Loads, Trailing Edge Flaps, PID control, Signal Noise. 1 Introduction Wind turbine blades are subject to 40% when signal noise is added to the control. Keywords: Wind Turbine, Load Alleviation, Fatigue
Design Loads for Wind Turbines using the Environmental Contour Method
Design Loads for Wind Turbines using the Environmental Contour Method Korn Saranyasoontorn, TX 78712 When interest is in establishing ultimate design loads for wind turbines such that a service). The parametric conditional load distri- butions require extensive turbine response simulations over the entire
Manuel, Lance
Extreme Loads for an Offshore Wind Turbine using Statistical
Extreme Loads for an Offshore Wind Turbine using Statistical Extrapolation from Limited Field Data,itiscommontoeithercarry out extensive simulation studies or undertake a field measurement campaign. At the Blyth offshore wind here is to estimate extreme loads for an offshore wind turbine for which the environmental and load
loads. #12;2 INTRODUCTION Design constraints for wind turbine structures fall into either extreme load1 PARAMETRIC MODELS FOR ESTIMATING WIND TURBINE FATIGUE LOADS FOR DESIGN Lance Manuel1 Paul S, TX 78712 2 Sandia National Laboratories, Wind Energy Technology Department, Albuquerque, NM 87185
Characterization of a pre-curved stylet distal tip manipulation mechanism for use in volume targeting
The characterization of the volume targeting capabilities of a telerobotic device capable of needle distal tip manipulation with a pre-curved needle is the focus of this thesis. The concept of deploying a pre-curved stylet ...
Ding, Hao, S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Solar load ratio method applied to commercial building active solar system sizing
The hourly simulation procedure is the DOE-2 building energy analysis computer program. It is capable of calculating the loads and of simulating various control strategies in detail for both residential and commercial buildings and yet is computationally efficient enough to be used for extensive parametric studies. In addition, to a Building Service Hot Water (BSHW) System and a combined space heating and hot water system using liquid collectors for a commercial building analyzed previously, a space heating system using an air collector is analyzed. A series of runs is made for systems using evacuated tube collectors for comparison to flat-plate collectors, and the effects of additional system design parameters are investigated. Also, the generic collector types are characterized by standard efficiency curves, rather than by detailed collector specifications. (MHR)
Schnurr, N.M.; Hunn, B.D.; Williamson, K.D. III
The Load Distribution Problem in a Processor Ring Francis C.M. Lau
the load balancing procedure into the following phases: load measurement, calculation of load averageThe Load Distribution Problem in a Processor Ring Francis C.M. Lau Department of Computer Science picture of the system load and the average load, the load distribution problem is to find a suitable
Lau, Francis C.M.
air resources board: Topics by E-print Network
Institute, Vanessa Escobar of the Texas Water Development Board, and Ernest Moran of the San Antonio River Author- ity calculate load duration curves... Jensen, Ric 2008-01-01 133...
About two decades after the discovery of the amplitude decline of the light curve of the classical Cepheid Y Oph, its study is resumed using an increased amount of homogenized data and an extended time base. In our approach, the investigation of different time series concerning the light curve amplitude of Y Oph is not only the reason for the present study, but also a stimulus for developing a coherent methodology for studying long- and short-term variability phenomena in variable stars, taking into account the details of concrete observing conditions: amount of data, data sampling, time base, and individual errors of observational data. The statistical significance of this decreasing trend was estimated by assuming its linearity. We approached the decision-making process by formulating adequate null and alternative hypotheses, and testing the value of the regression line slope for different data sets via Monte Carlo simulations. A variability analysis, through various methods, of the original data and of the residuals obtained after removing the linear trend was performed. We also proposed a new statistical test, based on amplitude spectrum analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, intended to evaluate how detectible is a given (linear) trend in well-defined observing conditions: the trend detection probability. The main conclusion of our study on Y Oph is that, even if the false alarm probability is low enough to consider the decreasing trend to be statistically significant, the available data do not allow us to obtain a reasonably powerful test. We are able to confirm the light curve amplitude decline, and the order of magnitude of its slope with a better statistical substantiation. According to the obtained values of the trend detection probability, it seems that the trend we are dealing with is marked by a low detectibility. Our attempt to find signs of possible variability phenomena at shorter timescales ended by emphasizing the relative constancy of our data, within their precision limits.
Pop, Alexandru; Turcu, Vlad [Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, Astronomical Observatory Cluj-Napoca, Str. Ciresilor 19, 400487 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Vamos, Calin ['T. Popoviciu' Institute of Numerical Analysis, Romanian Academy, P.O. Box 68, 400110 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)], E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Average Soil Water Retention Curves Measured by Neutron Radiography
Water retention curves are essential for understanding the hydrologic behavior of partially-saturated porous media and modeling flow transport processes within the vadose zone. In this paper we report direct measurements of the main drying and wetting branches of the average water retention function obtained using 2-dimensional neutron radiography. Flint sand columns were saturated with water and then drained under quasi-equilibrium conditions using a hanging water column setup. Digital images (2048 x 2048 pixels) of the transmitted flux of neutrons were acquired at each imposed matric potential (~10-15 matric potential values per experiment) at the NCNR BT-2 neutron imaging beam line. Volumetric water contents were calculated on a pixel by pixel basis using Beer-Lambert s law after taking into account beam hardening and geometric corrections. To remove scattering effects at high water contents the volumetric water contents were normalized (to give relative saturations) by dividing the drying and wetting sequences of images by the images obtained at saturation and satiation, respectively. The resulting pixel values were then averaged and combined with information on the imposed basal matric potentials to give average water retention curves. The average relative saturations obtained by neutron radiography showed an approximate one-to-one relationship with the average values measured volumetrically using the hanging water column setup. There were no significant differences (at p < 0.05) between the parameters of the van Genuchten equation fitted to the average neutron radiography data and those estimated from replicated hanging water column data. Our results indicate that neutron imaging is a very effective tool for quantifying the average water retention curve.
Cheng, Chu-Lin [ORNL; Perfect, Edmund [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Kang, Misun [ORNL; Voisin, Sophie [ORNL; Bilheux, Hassina Z [ORNL; Horita, Juske [Texas Tech University (TTU); Hussey, Dan [NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCRN), Gaithersburg, MD
Green's Conjecture for curves on arbitrary K3 Marian Aprodu and Gavril Farkas
Green's Conjecture for curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces Marian Aprodu and Gavril Farkas Abstract Green's Conjecture predicts than one can read off special linear series on an algebraic curve-Ramanan, provides a complete solution to Green's Conjecture for smooth curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces. 1
Farkas, Gavril
THE GREEN CONJECTURE FOR EXCEPTIONAL CURVES ON A K3 SURFACE to prove the Green conjecture f* *or exceptional curves on K3 surfaces. Such curves count among made in the eighties by Green, and Green-Lazarsfeld, pointed * *out to some deep links between
Pacienza, Gianluca
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, CHEN, DENG AND HUO. 1 Electricity Price Curve Modeling by Manifold
markets. Index Terms-- Electricity spot price, locational marginal price, electricity forward curveIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, CHEN, DENG AND HUO. 1 Electricity Price Curve Modeling and prediction of electricity price curves by applying the manifold learning methodology. Cluster analysis based
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 23, NO. 3, AUGUST 2008 877 Electricity Price Curve Modeling
--Electricity forward curve, electricity spot price, forecasting, locational marginal price, manifold learning. IIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 23, NO. 3, AUGUST 2008 877 Electricity Price Curve approach for the modeling and analysis of electricity price curves by ap- plying the manifold learning
Huo, Xiaoming
Biomaterials 24 (2003) 52095221 Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture
Biomaterials 24 (2003) 5209Â5221 Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture focused on a description of the fracture toughness properties of dentin in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, i.e., fracture resistance increasing with crack extension, particularly in light of the relevant
Indexing Moving Objects by Space Filling Curves in the Dual Space
The Bdual  tree: Indexing Moving Objects by Space Filling Curves in the Dual Space By Man Lung Yiu Objects by Space Filling Curves in the Dual Space Introduction Related work Problem definition: Indexing Moving Objects by Space Filling Curves in the Dual Space Introduction Related work Problem
Kaiserslautern, Universität
Ris-R-Report Multi-MW wind turbine power curve
Risø-R-Report Multi-MW wind turbine power curve measurements using remote sensing instruments Wagner, Michael Courtney Title: Multi-MW wind turbine power curve measurements using remote sensing (max. 2000 char.): Power curve measurement for large wind turbines requires taking into account more
HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs. Elliptic Curves HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q
HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs. Elliptic Curves HTP over Algebraic Extensions and Computability, ICMS, June 2007 #12;HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs. Elliptic Curves A Talk in Two Rounds Round I: Normforms Today Round II: Elliptic Curves Later #12;HTP over Algebraic Extensions
Shlapentokh, Alexandra
HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs. Elliptic Curves HTP over Algebraic Extensions and Computability, ICMS, June 2007 #12;HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs. Elliptic Curves A Talk in Two Rounds Round II: Elliptic Curves Today #12;HTP over Algebraic Extensions of Q: Normforms vs
COMPLEX ORIENTANTION FORMULAS FOR M-CURVES OF DEGREE 4d + 1 WITH 4 NESTS
COMPLEX ORIENTANTION FORMULAS FOR M-CURVES OF DEGREE 4d + 1 WITH 4 NESTS S.Yu. Orevkov Abstract. We prove complex orientation formulas for M-curves in RP2 of degree 4d + 1 with 4 nests. They generalize the formulas of complex orientations for M- curves in RP2 with a deep nest. This is a step towards the isotopy
Orevkov, Stepan
CSC6870 Computer Graphics II B-Spline Curves and NURBS
CSC6870 Computer Graphics II B-Spline Curves and NURBS CSC6870 Computer Graphics II Motivation continuity CSC6870 Computer Graphics II B-spline Curve CSC6870 Computer Graphics II B-Splines · Curve CSC6870 Computer Graphics II B-Splines Basis Functions: Cox- deBoor recursion · The basis function
Rotordynamic coefficients for a load-between-pad, flexible-pivot tilting pad bearing at high loads
The dynamic and static performance of a flexure-pivot tilting pad bearing is presented at a load between pad configuration for various load and speed combinations. A similar work performed on the same bearing at lower loads ranging from 0-1 MPa (0...
Hensley, John Eric
Analysis of pressure buildup curves based on field experience
This paper deals with the application of pressure build-up data in computing vital reservoir parameters in oil fields. Generally the technique of Miller Dyes and Hutchinson is utilized to determine flow capacity, permeability skin effect and completion efficiency. Pressure build-up data is utilized in detecting the existence of faults. The method of Brons and Marting has been found to be more reliable to determine the partial penetration effect. The computer software package which was developed recently is discussed and, due to near ideal behaviour of pressure build-up curves, is safely utilized. The computational work using the software package is rapid.
Arora, P.D.
Identification of New Keynesian Phillips Curves from a Global Perspective
S us,t - Long-Term Interest Rate rLit r ?L it r L us,t - Oil Price - pot pot - The GVAR model has 134 endogenous variables 71 stochastic trends and 63 cointegrating rela- tions. All its roots either lie on or inside the unit circle. The long run forcing... ), identification, New Keynesian Phillips Curve, Trend-Cycle decompo- sition. JEL Classification: C32, E17, F37, F42. ?For Stephane Dees, the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Central Bank or the Eurosystem. The other...
Dees, S; Pesaran, M Hashem; Smith, L Vanessa; Smith, Ron P
Estimating type curve parameters with the cumulative curvature method
situations remain: the well test data span may be inadequate for the replots, and the required programming of the statistical techniques causes problems for the well test. analyst. 10 10 s =20 5 = 10 s 5 s=0 s=-5 c, ~ 7 10 10 10 4 10 10 10 Pig. 1... ~0 Oq 10 10 10 tp/CO 10 Fig. 2 ? Gringatten type - utsres Cn 100 gs C e" V CI CI A O. 10 1030 10 io ~~&~~& ~ 0 . . 3 0. 1 0. 1 10 I; 100 'D Fig. 3 ? Bcnrdet press&. . re derivstive type curves 1000 10000 Inade uate Data...
Harris, Dan Edward
Performance of Geogrid Reinforced Ballast under Dynamic Loading
string pot versus dynamic loading at 1100 psi (9 psi tie bearing pressure) 37 4.1.3 East string pot versus dynamic loading at 2500 psi (21 psi tie bearing pressure) 38 4.1.4 East string pot versus dynamic loading at 3500 psi (31 psi tie bearing pressure...) 39 4.1.5 East string pot versus dynamic loading at 4500 psi (38 psi tie bearing pressure) 41 4.1.6 East string pot versus dynamic loading at 4500 psi (soaked) (40 psi tie bearing pressure) 43 4.2 Unreinforced test 45 4.2.1 West string pot 45 4...
Jowkar, Milad
Impact of self-attraction and loading on the annual cycle in sea level
load and inferred ocean load following the SAL adjustment.following analysis, we assume that the Earth's response to the changing continental loads
Tamisiea, M. E; Hill, E. M; Ponte, R. M; Davis, J. L; Velicogna, I.; Vinogradova, N. T
Load Response Fundamentally Matches Power System Reliability Requirements
Responsive load is the most underutilized reliability resource available to the power system. Loads are frequently barred from providing the highest value and most critical reliability services; regulation and spinning reserve. Advances in communications and control technology now make it possible for some loads to provide both of these services. The limited storage incorporated in some loads better matches their response capabilities to the fast reliability-service markets than to the hourly energy markets. Responsive loads are frequently significantly faster and more accurate than generators, increasing power system reliability. Incorporating fast load response into microgrids further extends the reliability response capabilities that can be offered to the interconnected power system. The paper discusses the desired reliability responses, why this matches some loads' capabilities, what the advantages are for the power system, implications for communications and monitoring requirements, and how this resource can be exploited.
Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL] [ORNL
Modeling of highly loaded fluorescent lamps
Numerical modeling of the positive column of fluorescent lamps under conditions of high current density are of current interest, particularly in view of recent developments in electrodeless lamps. Current models tend to overestimate radiation output, and consequently the maintenance electric field in these discharges. Under highly loaded conditions, mercury-rare gas fluorescent lamps exhibit strong mercury depletion on axis (cataphoresis), and an understanding of resonance radiation transport under these conditions is therefore vital to the development of models with a predictive capability. The authors have explored the effect of radial cataphoresis on resonance radiation trapping for situations in which the radiation transport is dominated by foreign gas broadening, Doppler broadening, or resonance collisional broadening of the spectral line. Several different production rates per unit volume of resonance (excited) atoms have also been studied. It is advantageous in many cases to parameterize the trapped decay rate in terms of the total number of ground state atoms in the positive column independent of their radial distribution. The results of this work have been included in a numerical model of the positive column and the predicted influence on discharge parameters will be presented for cases of interest to highly loaded lamps.
Lister, G.G.; Lawler, J.E.; Curry, J.J.
Thermal loading study for FY 1995
This report provides the results of sensitivity analyses designed to assist the test planners in focusing their in-situ measurements on parameters that appear to be important to waste isolation. Additionally, the study provides a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of certain thermal management options. A decision on thermal loading is a critical part of the scientific and engineering basis for evaluating regulatory compliance of the potential repository for waste isolation. To show, with reasonable assurance, that the natural and engineered barriers will perform adequately under expected repository conditions (thermally perturbed) will require an integrated approach based on thermal testing (laboratory, and in-situ), natural analog observations, and analytic modeling. The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management needed input to assist in the planning of the thermal testing program. Additionally, designers required information on the viability of various thermal management concepts. An approximately 18-month Thermal Loading Study was conducted from March, 1994 until September 30, 1995 to address these issues. This report documents the findings of that study. 89 refs., 71 figs., 33 tabs.
SAPHIRE 8 Volume 7 - Data Loading
The Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) is a software application developed for performing a complete probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) using a personal computer. SAPHIRE Version 8 is funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and developed by the Idaho National Laboratory. This report is intended to assist the user to enter PRA data into the SAPHIRE program using the built-in MAR-D ASCII-text file data transfer process. Towards this end, a small sample database is constructed and utilized for demonstration. Where applicable, the discussion includes how the data processes for loading the sample database relate to the actual processes used to load a larger PRA models. The procedures described herein were developed for use with SAPHIRE Version 8. The guidance specified in this document will allow a user to have sufficient knowledge to both understand the data format used by SAPHIRE and to carry out the transfer of data between different PRA projects.
K. J. Kvarfordt; S. T. Wood; C. L. Smith; S. R. Prescott
On the Nuclear Rotation Curve of M31
The nuclear rotation curve of M31, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera Spectrograph, shows a significant disturbance coinciding with the off-center brightness peak, P1. This +/- 60 km/s feature is distinguished by a local velocity maximum centered on P1 and a local minimum approxmately 0.08" closer to P2. If the M31 double nucleus is an eccentric disk with an off-center density concentration, as suggested by Tremaine, then the self-gravity of the disk can produce just such a disturbance. The expected kinematic signature is calculated approximately by examining sequences of closed periodic orbits in a Kepler potential perturbed by a model disk potential that precesses at constant frequency. The perturbation forces a steep negative eccentricity gradient in the sequence of closed orbits through the densest part of the disk, which reverses the arrangement of periapsis and apoapsis with respect to the central mass. Stars making up the inner part of the density concentration are at apoapsis, while stars making up the outer part are at periapsis, producing a steep local velocity gradient. This result is independent of the details of the mass distribution. The projected rotation curve of the model is shown to closely resemble that of M31, giving strong support to the eccentric disk picture.
Thomas S. Statler
. Because of stronger relative effect of heat diffusion with a smaller beam, with 200 mm this ratio correspond to the area of 1,000 standard burns. Conclusion: A simple formula is derived for calculation of the retina by lowering the metabolic load because of killing of a fraction of retinal cells.3
Palanker, Daniel
A new generation of load sharing algorithms: the semi-adaptive load sharing algorithm
: Wael, Omar, Tamer, Ashraf and Hazem, who were always there for me. Your support and comfort have given me the strength to go through all the bad times. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page INTRODUCTION A. What is Load Sharing? B. Thesis Outline 2 4...
Morsy, Hazem Kamal
Dispersion characteristics of three-dimensional dielectric-loaded grating for terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation
In this paper, a dielectric-loaded grating for Smith-Purcell device is proposed. The three-dimensional (3D) analytical theory for hot dispersion relation is obtained by using field matched method, which is solved by numerical simulations. The first and second order growth rates for the proposal model are analyzed, which is obtained by expanding hot dispersion equation at the operating point. The results show that the dispersion can be effectively weakened by introducing dielectric-loaded grating, in which the cutoff frequency is affected by the grating thickness. The dispersion curve becomes flatter and shifts towards lower frequency at the optimum grating parameters. The 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is also performed and the results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Comparing the first order growth rate with the second one, it reveals that the discrepancy is small when electron beam parameters are selected with small values. Otherwise, the discrepancy is large and cannot be ignored. To accurately describe the process of beam-wave interaction, the second order growth rate is necessary to apply.
Cao, Miaomiao, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Li, Ke, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China) [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Liu, Wenxin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Wang, Yong, E-mail: email@example.com [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)] [Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
A Method to Search for Local Sources of Short Duration Bursts of Superhigh Energy Gamma Rays
A method of a search for local sources of superhigh energy gamma rays is described in the paper.It is shown that the method is more effective then the usually used method extracting excess from total intensity if gamma ray burst durations are short.Using the suggested method,the information detected with the Baksan installation ``Carpet'' during 1992-1996 years was analyzed.An excess of event numbers was found at the confidence level of 6.5$\\sigma$ in the direction to Mrk 501.
E. N. Alexeyev; D. D. Djappuev; A. U. Kudjaev; S. Kh. Ozrokov
The frequency and duration of Salmonella-macrophage adhesion events determines infection efficiency
/Reference S.Typhimurium SJW1103 S.Typhimurium ?fliOPQR S.Typhimurium ?motAB S.Typhimurium ?prgH S.Typhimurium ?fliM Wild-type, phase-1 locked, motile strain SJW1103 derivative, ?fliOPQR SJW1103 derivative, ?motAB SJW1103 derivative, ?prg... , with excitation at 594 nm, every 181 753 ms, for 30 min. 182 183 (f) Image Analysis for cell-cell contacts 184 Bacterial-cell contact numbers and durations were extracted from movies using a 185 semi-automated approach. Three movies acquired on different...
Achouri, Sarra; Wright, John A.; Evans, Lewis; Macleod, Charlotte; Fraser, Gillian; Cicuta, Pietro; Bryant, Clare E.
XMM-Newton observations of OY Car III: OM light curve modelling, X-ray timing and spectral studies
We revisit the XMM-Newton observations of the dwarf nova OY Car taken in July 2000 which occured shortly after an outburst. Ramsay et al (2001a) found a prominent energy dependent modulation at a period of 2240 sec: this modulation was only seen for app. 1/3 of the observation duration. In our new analysis, we examine this time interval in greater detail. In addition to the 2240 sec period we find evidence for other periods, the most prominent being near 3500 sec. Both these modulations are most likely due to changes in photoelectric absorption over this period: this is supported by phase-resolved spectroscopy. This may indicate the presence of matter above the accretion disc or a presence of a magnetic accretion curtain. In this case the 2240 sec period could represent a spin period of the white dwarf and the 3500 sec period a beat period between the spin and orbital periods. We also model the B band and UV eclipse profiles and light curves using a new technique to map the spatial extent of the accretion disc. As a result we find that whilst the optical emission is dominated by both the emission close to the accretion disc boundary layer and the hot spot where the accretion stream hits the disc, the UV emission is mainly dominated by the inner disc/boundary layer only.
Pasi Hakala; Gavin Ramsay
Quantitative probabilistic modeling of environmental control and life support System resilience for long-duration human spaceflight
The future of human space exploration will see crews travel farther and remain in space for longer durations than ever before. For the first time in the history of human spaceflight, the Environmental Control and Life ...
Owens, Andrew Charles
Exposure to risk and its impact on human capital : essays on combat exposure, military labor, and conflict duration
This dissertation examines the impact of contemporaneous American participation in war on military labor and conflict duration. Chapter one uses variation in occupation-specific retention bonuses and mortality risks observed ...
Yankovich, Michael F
Performance of High-Convergence, Layered DT Implosions with Extended-Duration Pulses at the National Ignition Facility
Radiation-driven, low-adiabat, cryogenic DT layered plastic capsule implosions were carried out on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to study the sensitivity of performance to peak power and drive duration. An implosion ...
Gatu Johnson, Maria
Active load control techniques for wind turbines.
This report provides an overview on the current state of wind turbine control and introduces a number of active techniques that could be potentially used for control of wind turbine blades. The focus is on research regarding active flow control (AFC) as it applies to wind turbine performance and loads. The techniques and concepts described here are often described as 'smart structures' or 'smart rotor control'. This field is rapidly growing and there are numerous concepts currently being investigated around the world; some concepts already are focused on the wind energy industry and others are intended for use in other fields, but have the potential for wind turbine control. An AFC system can be broken into three categories: controls and sensors, actuators and devices, and the flow phenomena. This report focuses on the research involved with the actuators and devices and the generated flow phenomena caused by each device.
van Dam, C.P. (University of California, Davis, CA); Berg, Dale E.; Johnson, Scott J. (University of California, Davis, CA)
Piezoelectric film load cell robot collision detector
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are doweled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.
Lembke, J.R.
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.
A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector.
Lembke, John R. (Overland Park, KS)
Lubrication for high load duplex bearings
Three ES and H-compatible lubricants (Environment, Safety and Health) for high load duplex bearing applications were evaluated and compared against trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon) deposition of low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bearing lubricant extracted from Vydax{trademark}. Vydax is a product manufactured by DuPont consisting of various molecular weights of PTFE suspended in trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon) which is an ozone-depleting solvent. Bearings with Supercritical CO{sub 2} deposition of PTFE extracted from Vydax AR/IPA, bearings with titanium carbide coated balls, and bearings with diamond-like carbon races and retainers were evaluated. Bearings with Supercritical CO{sub 2} deposition of PTFE from Vydax AR/IPA performed as well as bearings with Freon deposition of PTFE from Freon-based Vydax.
Steinhoff, R.G.
514 ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia Design cooling load calculation methods are, by the
Handbook--Fundamentals (ASHRAE 1997) and the Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual (Mc514 ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia ABSTRACT Design cooling load calculation methods are Load Calculation Methods (942-RP)" are also given. INTRODUCTION Design cooling load calculation
Graphene: QFT in curved spacetimes close to experiments
A recently proposed step-by-step procedure, to merge the low-energy physics of the $\\pi$-bonds electrons of graphene, and quantum field theory on curved spacetimes, is recalled. The last step there is the proposal of an experiment to test a Hawking-Unruh effect, emerging from the model, that manifests itself as an exact (within the model) prediction for the electronic local density of states, in the ideal case of the graphene membrane shaped as a Beltrami pseudosphere. A discussion about one particular attempt to experimentally test the model on molecular graphene is presented, and it is taken as an excuse to solve some basic issues that will help future experiments. In particular, it is stated that the effect should be visible on generic surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature, that are infinite in number.
Curved and diffuse interface effects on the nuclear surface tension
We redefine the surface tension coefficient for a nuclear Fermi-liquid drop with a finite diffuse layer. Following Gibbs-Tolman concept, we introduce the equimolar radius R_e of sharp surface droplet at which the surface tension is applied and the radius of tension surface R_s which provides the minimum of the surface tension coefficient \\sigma. This procedure allows us to derive both the surface tension and the corresponding curvature correction (Tolman length) correctly for the curved and diffuse interface. We point out that the curvature correction depends significantly on the finite diffuse interface. This fact is missed in traditional nuclear considerations of curvature correction to the surface tension. We show that Tolman's length \\xi is negative for nuclear Fermi-liquid drop. The value of the Tolman length is only slightly sensitive to the Skyrme force parametrization and equals \\xi=-0.36 fm.
V. M. Kolomietz; S. V. Lukyanov; A. I. Sanzhur
Photon Green Functions in Curved Space-Time
Quantization of electrodynamics in curved space-time in the Lorenz gauge and with arbitrary gauge parameter makes it necessary to study Green functions of non-minimal operators with variable coefficients. Starting from the integral representation of photon Green functions, we link them to the evaluation of integrals involving Gamma-functions. Eventually, the full asymptotic expansion of the Feynman photon Green function at small values of the world function, as well as its explicit dependence on the gauge parameter, are obtained without adding by hand a mass term to the Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian. Coincidence limits of second covariant derivatives of the associated Hadamard function are also evaluated, as a first step towards the energy-momentum tensor in the non-minimal case.
Giuseppe Bimonte; Enrico Calloni; Luciano Di Fiore; Giampiero Esposito; Leopoldo Milano; Luigi Rosa
Hidden symmetries and killing tensors on curved spaces
Higher-order symmetries corresponding to Killing tensors are investigated. The intimate relation between Killing-Yano tensors and nonstandard supersymmetries is pointed out. In the Dirac theory on curved spaces, Killing-Yano tensors generate Dirac-type operators involved in interesting algebraic structures as dynamical algebras or even infinite dimensional algebras or superalgebras. The general results are applied to space-times which appear in modern studies. One presents the infinite dimensional superalgebra of Dirac type operators on the 4-dimensional Euclidean Taub-NUT space that can be seen as a twisted loop algebra. The existence of the conformal Killing-Yano tensors is investigated for some spaces with mixed 3-Sasakian structures.
Ianus, S. [University of Bucharest, Department of Mathematics (Romania); Visinescu, M., E-mail: email@example.com [Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Theoretical Physics (Romania); Vilcu, G. E. [Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (Romania)
Periodic relativity: deflection of light, acceleration, rotation curves
Vectorial analysis relating to derivation of deflection of light is presented. Curvilinear acceleration is distinguished from the Newtonian polar conic acceleration. The difference between the two is due to the curvature term. Lorentz invariant expression for acceleration is derived. A physical theory of rotation curves of galaxies based on second solution to Einstein's field equation is presented. Theory is applied to Milky Way, M31, NGC3198 and Solar system. Modified Kepler's third law yields correct orbital periods of stars in a galaxy. Deviation factor in the line element of the theory happens to be the ratio of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration to the measured acceleration of the star in the galaxy. Therefore this deviation factor can replace the MOND function.
Vikram H. Zaveri
Milagro Constraints on Very High Energy Emission from Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Recent rapid localizations of short, hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Swift and HETE satellites have led to the observation of the first afterglows and the measurement of the first redshifts from this type of burst. Detection of >100 GeV counterparts would place powerful constraints on GRB mechanisms. Seventeen short duration (100 GeV counterparts to these GRBs and find no significant emission correlated with these bursts. Due to the absorption of high-energy gamma rays by the extragalactic background light (EBL), detections are only expected for redshifts less than ~0.5. While most long duration GRBs occur at redshifts higher than 0.5, the opposite is thought to be true of short GRBs. Lack of a detected VHE signal thus allows setting meaningful fluence limits. One GRB in the sample (050509b) has a likely association with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, while another (051103) has been tentatively linked to the nearby galaxy M81. Fluence limits are corrected for EBL absorption, either using the known measu...
Abdo, A A; Berley, D; Blaufuss, E; Casanova, S; Dingus, B L; Ellsworth, R W; González, M M; Goodman, J A; Hays, E; Hoffman, C M; Kolterman, B E; Lansdell, C P; Linnemann, J T; McEnery, J E; Mincer, A I; Némethy, P; Noyes, D; Ryan, J M; Samuelson, F W; Parkinson, P M Saz; Shoup, A; Sinnis, G; Smith, A J; Sullivan, G W; Vasileiou, V; Walker, G P; Williams, D A; Xu, X W; Yodh, G B
A Search for Early Optical Emission from Short and Long Duration Gamma-ray Bursts
Gamma-ray bursts of short duration may harbor vital clues to the range of phenomena producing bursts. However, recent progress from the observation of optical counterparts has not benefitted the study of short bursts. We have searched for early optical emission from six gamma-ray bursts using the ROTSE-I telephoto array. Three of these events were of short duration, including GRB 980527 which is among the brightest short bursts yet observed. The data consist of unfiltered CCD optical images taken in response to BATSE triggers delivered via the GCN. For the first time, we have analyzed the entire 16 degree by 16 degree field covered for five of these bursts. In addition, we discuss a search for the optical counterpart to GRB 000201, a well-localized long burst. Single image sensitivities range from 13th to 14th magnitude around 10 s after the initial burst detection, and 14 - 15.8 one hour later. No new optical counterparts were discovered in this analysis suggesting short burst optical and gamma-ray fluxes are uncorrelated.
Robert Kehoe; Carl Akerlof; Richard Balsano; Scott Barthelmy; Jeff Bloch; Paul Butterworth; Don Casperson; Tom Cline; Sandra Fletcher; Galen Gisler; Kevin Hurley; Marc Kippen; Brian Lee; Stuart Marshall; Tim McKay; Eli Rykoff; Don Smith; Tom Vestrand; Jim Wren
Recent rapid localizations of short, hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Swift and HETE satellites have led to the observation of the first afterglows and the measurement of the first redshifts from this type of burst. Detection of >100 GeV counterparts would place powerful constraints on GRB mechanisms. Seventeen short duration (100 GeV counterparts to these GRBs and find no significant emission correlated with these bursts. Due to the absorption of high-energy gamma rays by the extragalactic background light (EBL), detections are only expected for redshifts less than ~0.5. While most long duration GRBs occur at redshifts higher than 0.5, the opposite is thought to be true of short GRBs. Lack of a detected VHE signal thus allows setting meaningful fluence limits. One GRB in the sample (050509b) has a likely association with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, while another (051103) has been tentatively linked to the nearby galaxy M81. Fluence limits are corrected for EBL absorption, either using the known measured redshift, or computing the corresponding absorption for a redshift of 0.1 and 0.5, as well as for the case of z=0.
A. A. Abdo; B. T. Allen; D. Berley; E. Blaufuss; S. Casanova; B. L. Dingus; R. W. Ellsworth; M. M. Gonzalez; J. A. Goodman; E. Hays; C. M. Hoffman; B. E. Kolterman; C. P. Lansdell; J. T. Linnemann; J. E. McEnery; A. I. Mincer; P. Nemethy; D. Noyes; J. M. Ryan; F. W. Samuelson; P. M. Saz Parkinson; A. Shoup; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; G. W. Sullivan; V. Vasileiou; G. P. Walker; D. A. Williams; X. W. Xu; G. B. Yodh
Estimating market potential for reducing customer peak loads through photovoltaics
Past studies have quantified photovoltaics` (PV) peak load matching capability on a utility-wide scale. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the number of utility subloads (e.g., customers, substations) whose peak loads are well matched with solar availability. A simple tool based on the utility scale load-PV match is developed to estimate the market size of customer scale PV applications with high load-PV matches. Illustrative examples of customer owned PV economics are also provided. The authors show that (1) the market size of high load matching PV applications on the subload scale is significant even within utility systems whose load requirements are not particularly well matched with PV output; and (2) the cost of PV as a peak shaving resource for utility customers is approaching competitive levels.
Bryan, J. [Citizens Advisory Panel, Central Islip, NY (United States); Perez, R. [Univ. of New York, Albany, NY (United States). Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
Mean and peak wind load reduction on heliostats
This report presents the results of wind-tunnel tests supported through the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) by the Office of Solar Thermal Technology of the US Department of Energy as part of the SERI research effort on innovative concentrators. As gravity loads on drive mechanisms are reduced through stretched-membrane technology, the wind-load contribution of the required drive capacity increases in percentage. Reduction of wind loads can provide economy in support structure and heliostat drive. Wind-tunnel tests have been directed at finding methods to reduce wind loads on heliostats. The tests investigated both mean and peak forces, and moments. A significant increase in ability to predict heliostat wind loads and their reduction within a heliostat field was achieved. In addition, a preliminary review of wind loads on parabolic dish collectors was conducted, resulting in a recommended research program for these type collectors. 42 refs., 38 figs., 1 tab.
Peterka, J.A.; Tan, L.; Bienkiewcz, B.; Cermak, J.E.
Cementitious Stabilization of Mixed Wastes with High Salt Loadings
Salt loadings approaching 50 wt % were tolerated in cementitious waste forms that still met leach and strength criteria, addressing a Technology Deficiency of low salt loadings previously identified by the Mixed Waste Focus Area. A statistical design quantified the effect of different stabilizing ingredients and salt loading on performance at lower loadings, allowing selection of the more effective ingredients for studying the higher salt loadings. In general, the final waste form needed to consist of 25 wt % of the dry stabilizing ingredients to meet the criteria used and 25 wt % water to form a workable paste, leaving 50 wt % for waste solids. The salt loading depends on the salt content of the waste solids but could be as high as 50 wt % if all the waste solids are salt.
Spence, R.D.; Burgess, M.W.; Fedorov, V.V.; Downing, D.J.
Strategy Guideline: Accurate Heating and Cooling Load Calculations
This guide presents the key criteria required to create accurate heating and cooling load calculations and offers examples of the implications when inaccurate adjustments are applied to the HVAC design process. The guide shows, through realistic examples, how various defaults and arbitrary safety factors can lead to significant increases in the load estimate. Emphasis is placed on the risks incurred from inaccurate adjustments or ignoring critical inputs of the load calculation.
Burdick, A.
Industrial Load Shaping: A Utility Strategy to Deal with Competition
INDUSTRIAL LOAD SHAPING: A UTILITY STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH COMPETITION DONALD BULES BULES AND ASSOCIATES SAN FRANCISCO, ABSTRACT In recent years competition from various sources such as cogeneration and bypass has led many utilities... to refocus attention on their large industrial customers. Industrial load shaping is a customized program involving cost-effective process modifications and operational changes which result in a restructuring of the electric load profile of individual...
Bules, D.
Extracting Operating Modes from Building Electrical Load Data: Preprint
Empirical techniques for characterizing electrical energy use now play a key role in reducing electricity consumption, particularly miscellaneous electrical loads, in buildings. Identifying device operating modes (mode extraction) creates a better understanding of both device and system behaviors. Using clustering to extract operating modes from electrical load data can provide valuable insights into device behavior and identify opportunities for energy savings. We present a fast and effective heuristic clustering method to identify and extract operating modes in electrical load data.
Frank, S.; Polese, L. G.; Rader, E.; Sheppy, M.; Smith, J.
Notes 04. Static load performance of plain journal bearings
The long and short bearing models. Pressure field and fluid film forces on short length journal bearings. Equilibrium condition, load capacity and the Sommerfeld number....
San Andres, Luis
Technical Assistance to ISO's and Grid Operators For Loads Providing...
Ancillary Services: Review of International Experience Increasing Renewable Energy with Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Technologies 2012 Load as a Resource Program Peer Review...
activated carbon load: Topics by E-print Network
response of phenolic resin and its carbon-nanotube composites to shock wave loading Materials Science Websites Summary: Dynamic response of phenolic resin and its carbon-nanotube...
activated carbon loaded: Topics by E-print Network
Load Expansion of Stoichiometric HCCI Using Spark Assist and...
of Stoichiometric HCCI Using Spark Assist and Hydraulic Valve Actuation Load Expansion of Stoichiometric HCCI Using Spark Assist and Hydraulic Valve Actuation Presentation given at...
Averaged equations for Josephson junction series arrays with LRC load
We derive the averaged equations describing a series array of Josephson junctions shunted by a parallel inductor-resistor-capacitor load. We assume that the junctions have negligable capacitance ($\\beta = 0$), and derive averaged equations which turn out to be completely tractable: in particular the stability of both in-phase and splay states depends on a single parameter, $\\del$. We find an explicit expression for $\\delta$ in terms of the load parameters and the bias current. We recover (and refine) a common claim found in the technical literature, that the in-phase state is stable for inductive loads and unstable for capacitive loads.
Kurt Wiesenfeld; James W. Swift
Commercial and Residential Hourly Load Profiles for all TMY3...
hourly load profile data for 16 commercial building types (based off the DOE commercial reference building models) and residential buildings (based off the Building America House...
alkohilimgi load lhiajalisemaks: Topics by E-print Network
are dynamically adjusted. Taking into account the speed at which loads vary and the latency of the underlying network, we specify conditions under which the algorithm is...
alkoholimgi load lhiajalisemaks: Topics by E-print Network
HVAC Loads in High-Performance Homes (Presentation)
This presentation was delivered at the ASHRAE 2010 Annual Summer Conference on June 27, 2010, and addresses humidity and AC loads in energy efficient houses.
Christensen, D.; Fang, X.; Winkler, J.
Retrofitting unreinforced concrete masonry to resist tornado loading
Advances in structural design and building materials have significantly increased the performance of many structures under the extreme loading conditions associated with natural disasters such as earthquakes. However, ...
Dorshorst, Evan G. (Evan Gregory)
A mixed integer programming approach to reduce fuel load ...
Feb 12, 2015 ... A mixed integer programming approach to reduce fuel load accumulation for prescribed burn planning. Ramya Rachmawati(ramya.rachmawati ...
Ramya Rachmawati
Used Nuclear Fuel Loading and Structural Performance Under Normal...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Used Nuclear Fuel Loading and Structural Performance Under Normal Conditions of Transport - Demonstration of Approach and Results of Used Fuel Performance Characterization Used...
78 CHARACTERIZATION OF DYNAMIC LOADS ON SOLAR MODULES WITH RESPECT TO FRACTURE OF SOLAR CELLS Sascha Dietrich, Matthias Pander, Martin Sander, Matthias Ebert & Fraunhofer - Center...
California Customer Load Reductions during the Electricity Crisis...
Reductions during the Electricity Crisis: Did They Help to Keep the Lights On? Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: California Customer Load Reductions during...
Accelerated Ash-Loading Protocol for Diesel Particulate Filters Bruce G. Bunting and Todd J. Toops Oak Ridge National Laboratory Adam Youngquist and Ke Nguyen University of...
A three phase load flow algorithm for Shipboard Power Systems
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 5 Network Representation 3. 6 Component Modeling. 3. 7 Integration of Methodology and Component Modeling . . . 3. 8 Chapter Summary. IV Load Flow Algorithm. . 4. 1 Introduction. 4. 2 Load Flow Algorithm. 4. 3 Application of Load Flow... Algorithm. . 4. 4 Summary of Load Flow Algorithm. 4. 5 Chapter Summary. . nl V1 vn 1X 1 3 5 5 8 15 16 16 18 23 26 27 50 53 54 54 54 69 79 79 CHAPTER V RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS . . 5. 1 Introduction . . 5. 2 IEEE 37 Bus Radial...
Medina-Calder?on, M?onica M
advanced load alleviation: Topics by E-print Network
paradox of the pulsar wind nebula. Maxim Lyutikov 2002-02-19 89 A Technique to Utilize Smart Meter Load Information for Adapting Overcurrent Protection for Radial Distribution...
Load Expansion with Diesel/Gasoline RCCI for Improved Engine...
with DieselGasoline RCCI for Improved Engine Efficiency and Emissions Load Expansion with DieselGasoline RCCI for Improved Engine Efficiency and Emissions This poster will...
Repository Reference Disposal Concepts and Thermal Load Management...
Thermal Load Management Analysis A disposal concept consists of three parts: waste inventory (7 waste types examined), geologic setting (e.g., clayshale, salt, crystalline,...
Improved Load Plan Design Through Integer Programming Based ...
The fundamental building block in load planning is a direct trailer, or a direct. ... of shipment and trailer dispatching; (2) integrated consideration of the movement ...
Loads Providing Ancillary Services: Review of International Experience...
Trading and Transmission Arrangement BUL Balancing Up Loads DSR Demand Side Response CERTS Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions EEX European...
air conditioning load: Topics by E-print Network
J.; Deying, L. 2006-01-01 2 Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response Computer Technologies and Information Sciences Websites Summary: 1...
active load management: Topics by E-print Network
Load Management Programs CATEE Conference October, 2012 Agenda Outline I. General Demand Response Definition II. General Demand Response Program Rules III. CenterPoint...
air conditioning loads: Topics by E-print Network
Websites Summary: 1 Aggregated Modeling and Control of Air Conditioning Loads for Demand Response Wei Zhang, Member, IEEE Abstract--Demand response is playing an...
Commercial equipment loads: End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program (ELCAP)
The Office of Energy Resources of the Bonneville Power Administration is generally responsible for the agency's power and conservation resource planning. As associated responsibility which supports a variety of office functions is the analysis of historical trends in and determinants of energy consumption. The Office of Energy Resources' End-Use Research Section operates a comprehensive data collection program to provide pertinent information to support demand-side planning, load forecasting, and demand-side program development and delivery. Part of this on-going program is known as the End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program (ELCAP), an effort designed to collect electricity usage data through direct monitoring of end-use loads in buildings. This program is conducted for Bonneville by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. This report provides detailed information on electricity consumption of miscellaneous equipment from the commercial portion of ELCAP. Miscellaneous equipment includes all commercial end-uses except heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and central lighting systems. Some examples of end-uses covered in this report are office equipment, computers, task lighting, refrigeration, and food preparation. Electricity consumption estimates, in kilowatt-hours per square food per year, are provided for each end-use by building type. The following types of buildings are covered: office, retail, restaurant, grocery, warehouse, school, university, and hotel/motel. 6 refs., 35 figs., 12 tabs.
Pratt, R.G.; Williamson, M.A.; Richman, E.E.; Miller, N.E.
Report of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Piping Review Committee. Volume 4. Evaluation of other loads and load combinations
Six topical areas were covered by the Task Group on Other Dynamic Loads and Load Combinations as described below: Event Combinations - dealing with the potential simultaneous occurrence of earthquakes, pipe ruptures, and water hammer events in the piping design basis; Response Combinations - dealing with multiply supported piping with independent inputs, the sequence of combinations between spacial and modal components of response, and the treatment of high frequency modes in combination with low frequency modal responses; Stress Limits/Dynamic Allowables - dealing with inelastic allowables for piping and strain rate effects; Water Hammer Loadings - dealing with code and design specifications for these loadings and procedures for identifying potential water hammer that could affect safety; Relief Valve Opening and Closing Loads - dealing with the adequacy of analytical tools for predicting the effects of these events and, in addition, with estimating effective cycles for fatigue evaluations; and Piping Vibration Loads - dealing with evaluation procedures for estimating other than seismic vibratory loads, the need to consider reciprocating and rotary equipment vibratory loads, and high frequency vibratory loads. NRC staff recommendations or regulatory changes and additional study appear in this report.
A Load-based Depth-sensing Indentation Technique for NDE and Life Assessment of Thermal Barrier Coatings
In this paper, we present a load-based micro-indentation technique for evaluating material mechanical properties as well as degradation evaluation and debonding/spallation detection of thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials. Instead of using contact area as a necessary parameter, the new technique is based on the indentation load. Coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure during the indentation process, this technique results in a load-depth sensing indentation system capable of determining Young's modulus of metals, superalloys, and single crystal matrices, and stiffness of coated material systems with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. This micro-indentation technique can be viewed as a viable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for determining as-manufactured and process-exposed metal, superalloy, single crystal, and TBC-coated material properties. This technique also shows promise for the development of a portable instrument for on-line, in-situ NDE and mechanical properties measurement of structural components.
B. S.-J. Kang; C. Feng; J. M. Tannenbaum; M.A. Alvin
Application Of A New Semi-Empirical Model For Forming Limit Prediction Of Sheet Material Including Superposed Loads Of Bending And Shearing
The use of lightweight materials offers substantial strength and weight advantages in car body design. Unfortunately such kinds of sheet material are more susceptible to wrinkling, spring back and fracture during press shop operations. For characterization of capability of sheet material dedicated to deep drawing processes in the automotive industry, mainly Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) are used. However, new investigations at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology have shown that High Strength Steel Sheet Material and Aluminum Alloys show increased formability in case of bending loads are superposed to stretching loads. Likewise, by superposing shearing on in plane uniaxial or biaxial tension formability changes because of materials crystallographic texture. Such mixed stress and strain conditions including bending and shearing effects can occur in deep-drawing processes of complex car body parts as well as subsequent forming operations like flanging. But changes in formability cannot be described by using the conventional FLC. Hence, for purpose of improvement of failure prediction in numerical simulation codes significant failure criteria for these strain conditions are missing. Considering such aspects in defining suitable failure criteria which is easy to implement into FEA a new semi-empirical model has been developed considering the effect of bending and shearing in sheet metals formability. This failure criterion consists of the combination of the so called cFLC (combined Forming Limit Curve), which considers superposed bending load conditions and the SFLC (Shear Forming Limit Curve), which again includes the effect of shearing on sheet metal's formability.
Held, Christian [Hochschul Institute Neckarsulm, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 40, 74172 Neckarsulm (Germany); Liewald, Mathias; Schleich, Ralf [Institute for Metal Forming Technology, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Germany); Sindel, Manfred [AUDI AG, Neckarsulm (Germany)
Another algebraic variational principle for the spectral curve of matrix models
We propose an alternative variational principle whose critical point is the algebraic plane curve associated to a matrix model (the spectral curve, i.e. the large $N$ limit of the resolvent). More generally, we consider a variational principle that is equivalent to the problem of finding a plane curve with given asymptotics and given cycle integrals. This variational principle is not given by extremization of the energy, but by the extremization of an "entropy".
B. Eynard
Lithium Loaded Glass Fiber Neutron Detector Tests
Radiation portal monitors used for interdiction of illicit materials at borders include highly sensitive neutron detection systems. The main reason for having neutron detection capability is to detect fission neutrons from plutonium. The currently deployed radiation portal monitors (RPMs) from Ludlum and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) use neutron detectors based upon 3He-filled gas proportional counters, which are the most common large neutron detector. There is a declining supply of 3He in the world and, thus, methods to reduce the use of this gas in RPMs with minimal changes to the current system designs and sensitivity to cargo-borne neutrons are being investigated. Four technologies have been identified as being currently commercially available, potential alternative neutron detectors to replace the use of 3He in RPMs. Reported here are the results of tests of the lithium-loaded glass fibers option. This testing measured the neutron detection efficiency and gamma ray rejection capabilities of a small system manufactured by Nucsafe (Oak Ridge, TN).
Ely, James H.; Erikson, Luke E.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Lintereur, Azaree T.; Stromswold, David C.
Geodesic Bezier Curves: a Tool for Modeling on Triangulations Dimas Martinez Morera Paulo Cezar Carvalho Luiz Velho
Geodesic B´ezier Curves: a Tool for Modeling on Triangulations Dimas Mart´inez Morera Paulo Cezar is trimmed, final result. Abstract We define a new class of curves, called geodesic B´ezier curves care is taken to achieve interactive rates for modeling tasks. Keywords: Geodesic B´ezier Curve
2500-Hour High Temperature Solid-Oxide Electrolyzer Long Duration Test
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing the concept of using solid oxide fuel cells as electrolyzers for large-scale, high-temperature (efficient), hydrogen production. This program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. Utilizing a fuel cell as an electrolyzer introduces some inherent differences in cell operating conditions. In particular, the performance of fuel cells operated as electrolyzers degrades with time faster. This issue of electrolyzer cell and stack performance degradation over time has been identified as a major barrier to technology development. Consequently, the INL has been working together with Ceramatec, Inc. (Salt Lake City, Utah) to improve the long-term performance of high temperature electrolyzers. As part of this research partnership, the INL conducted a 2500 hour test of a Ceramatec designed and produced stack operated in the electrolysis mode. This report will provide a summary of experimental results for this long duration test.
C. M. Stoots; J. E. O'Brien; K. G. Condie; L. Moore-McAteer; J. J. Hartvigsen; D. Larsen
Use of probabilistic methods for analysis of cost and duration uncertainties in a decision analysis framework
Probabilistic forecasting techniques have been used in many risk assessment and performance assessment applications on radioactive waste disposal projects such as Yucca Mountain and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Probabilistic techniques such as Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube sampling methods are routinely used to treat uncertainties in physical parameters important in simulating radionuclide transport in a coupled geohydrologic system and assessing the ability of that system to comply with regulatory release limits. However, the use of probabilistic techniques in the treatment of uncertainties in the cost and duration of programmatic alternatives on risk and performance assessment projects is less common. Where significant uncertainties exist and where programmatic decisions must be made despite existing uncertainties, probabilistic techniques may yield important insights into decision options, especially when used in a decision analysis framework and when properly balanced with deterministic analyses. For relatively simple evaluations, these types of probabilistic evaluations can be made using personal computer-based software.
Boak, D.M.; Painton, L.
Timescale stretch parameterization of Type Ia supernova B-band light curves
the light curve of Type Ia supernovae discovered by theof the high-redshift supernovae. This work was supported inobjects. Subject headings: supernovae: general – cosmology:
A Tunable Hemispherical Platform for Non-Stretching Curved Flexible Electronics and Optoelectronics
Flexible Electronics and Optoelectronics Jinda Zhuang and Y.flexible electronics or optoelectronics on curved surfacesflexible electronics and optoelectronics for a wide variety
Ju, Y. Sungtaek
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