text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
April 29, 2006 OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR
E-Print Network [OSTI]
April 29, 2006 OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR Net Gains By JEFFREY D. SACHS AMERICANS have a perfect retort to Osama Bin Laden's call for expanding the terrorism war to Sudan. We should respond by showing our with the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets to each household with children who came
Op-Ed by Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and Secretary of Labor...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Economy April 22, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis To commemorate Earth Day, the op-ed below on green jobs and energy independence by Secretaries Steven Chu and Hilda Solis ran in the...
Numerical determination of OPE coefficients in the 3D Ising model from off-critical correlators
We propose a general method for the numerical evaluation of OPE coefficients in three dimensional Conformal Field Theories based on the study of the conformal perturbation of two point functions in the vicinity of the critical point. We test our proposal in the three dimensional Ising Model, looking at the magnetic perturbation of the $$, $$ and $$ correlators from which we extract the values of $C^{\\sigma}_{\\sigma\\epsilon}=1.07(3)$ and $C^{\\epsilon}_{\\epsilon\\epsilon}=1.45(30)$. Our estimate for $C^{\\sigma}_{\\sigma\\epsilon}$ agrees with those recently obtained using conformal bootstrap methods, while $C^{\\epsilon}_{\\epsilon\\epsilon}$, as far as we know, is new and could be used to further constrain conformal bootstrap analyses of the 3d Ising universality class.
Caselle, M; Magnoli, N
March 15, 2009 OP-ED COLUMNIST
cover to a vast internal steel forest of laser beams that must be what the engine room of Star Trek's U then be harnessed to heat up liquid salt and produce massive amounts of steam to drive a turbine and create
June 5, 2004 OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR
to speak with in senior positions of government. When an economic crisis pushed Bolivia's democratically places like Bolivia or Ethiopia is considered hopelessly soft or politically irrelevant in high
Search All NYTimes.com OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR
to Afghanistan, Karl Eikenberry, insisted that President Obama's revised war strategy will "build support operations. Its lethal agents are being systematically hunted down, while those Muslims whose souls it seeks
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
oping better parallel assembly schemes for nanowire integration (29).
dispersed on surfaces, in- cluding loops with radii of 100 nm. 22. H. W. C. Postma, A. Sellmeijer, C. Dekker Carbon Nanotube Films Zhuangchun Wu,1 * Zhihong Chen,1 * Xu Du,1 Jonathan M. Logan,1 Jennifer Sippel,1 homogeneous, electrically conducting films of pure single-walled carbon nanotubes and the transfer of those
Hebard, Arthur F.
Op-Ed Contributor How Seawater Can Power the World
. It is essentially inexhaustible and it can be created using hydrogen isotopes -- chemical cousins of hydrogen, like. The development of fusion energy is one of the most difficult science and engineering challenges ever undertaken a hot plasma indefinitely, like a sun, the second approach resembles an internal combustion engine
Op-Ed Contributor: A Leaner, Meaner Jihad Read Times articles
and perhaps tactical operations among themselves. But for the most part the factions are swarming on their own
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
NDERAMANAGEMENTANDOPE.pdf More Documents & Publications ClassWaiverWC-2000-003.pdf WC2000004CLASSWAIVERMadeinthePerformanceofCRADAby.pdf ClassWaiverWC-2000-004...
Tri-City Herald OpEd: Electric Vehicles are a smart choice
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Why are so many of us at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a national thought leader in power industry issues located right here in the Tri-Cities, so bullish on the future of EVs? And why do we think it's so important that this country, especially THIS part of the country, be leaders in the adoption of EVs? Is it that we all just happen to like driving polluting golf carts? The answer is that, like most everyone else, most of us here at PNNL drive to work every day, and like most people, we care about the cost of gasoline and the impact that burning imported oil has on the environment and on our foreign policy. The reality is that electric vehicles are simply more efficient, pollute much less, use locally-generated energy, and cost MUCH less to drive.
Christensen, Peter C.; Haas, Anne M.
Secretary Chu's Op-Ed on Small Modular Reactors in the Wall Street Journal
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartment of Energyof the Americas | Department ofof Energy Chu to| Department of
Secretary Chu Op-Ed on Energy Efficiency from the World Economic Forum |
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of Energy Power.pdf11-161-LNG |September2-SCORECARD-01-24-13Discovers TransformersLetter toDepartment of
Secretary Chu Op-Ed on Small Modular Reactors in the Wall Street Journal |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of Energy Power.pdf11-161-LNG |September2-SCORECARD-01-24-13Discovers TransformersLetter toDepartment
Secretary Chu's Weatherization Op-Ed in the Huffington Post | Department of
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of Energy Power.pdf11-161-LNG |September2-SCORECARD-01-24-13DiscoversGEPartnershipson WorkforceWorksWorks
Op-Ed by Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis:
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in3.pdfEnergyDepartment ofOil's Impact on Our National SecurityImportant RoleBuilding the
Deputy Secretary Daniel Poneman USA Today Op-Ed September 13, 2011 |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeat Pump Models |Conduct, Parent Company Agrees to Cooperate inStatesDepartment of
Genome Data from DOOR: a Database for prOkaryotic OpeRons
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
DOOR provides an Organism View for browsing, a gene search tool, an operon search tool, and the operon prediction interface.[Text taken and edited from http://csbl1.bmb.uga.edu/OperonDB/tutorial.php
Monday, April 1st, 2013 Home TopNews BC/Canada Bollywood Sports Business Travel Lifestyle BCElection Bloggers Entertainment News OP-ED
daybyday, the price of land and its availabilityare constraints in the development of solar power scientists gets the government's approval. The proposal is the brainchild of scientists at the Gujarat Energy of Energy, Environment and Engineering, the scientists sayhighways can be used to generate solar power
Harinarayana, T.
Using the Lessons of Y2K to ImproveInformation Systems
- ment by conducting an operational evaluation (OPE- VAL). Target Nomination ROK Army Headquarters Air
Jansen, James
Community Internet Access in Rural Areas: Solving the Economic Sustainability Puzzle
- oping nations. In researching and studying the economic self-sustainability of the Internet in rural
Curriculum vitae---Michael Patriksson 6412211911 PERSONAL DATA
, Seattle, WA, USA 1988--1991 Licentiate of Philosophy, Division of Optimization, Department of Mathe matics, Link�?oping University, Link�?oping Title of Licentiate Thesis: Algorithms for Urban Tra#c Network
Patriksson, Michael
1094 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Biotechnology
Corporation (HSBC), the already planned budget for green growth in major devel- oped countries this year sums
Hydrogen Energy Stations: Poly-Production of Electricity, Hydrogen, and Thermal Energy
27. Keenan, G. (2006), Air Products and Chemicals Inc. ,originally devel- oped by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (agreement between Air Products and Chemicals Inc. and the
Lipman, Timothy; Brooks, Cameron
alia, February 1981, Battery Storage Side Holbrook, Ope cit.on-site may find Two battery storage economically feasibleuse as low as possible. Battery storage would help regulate
Kay, J.
Determining the lowest-cost hydrogen delivery mode
costs to estimate hydrogen pipeline costs. Davis, CA: ITS-hydrogen. The cost of hydrogen pipeline delivery de- pendshydrogen trucks, and hydrogen pipelines, were devel- oped
Yang, Christopher; Ogden, Joan M
costs to estimate hydrogen pipeline costs. Davis, CA: ITS-hydrogen trucks, and hydrogen pipelines, were devel- opedFor large amounts of hydrogen, pipeline transmission is pre-
Electrochemical Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Titania Nanotubes
such as sensors, dye sensitized solar cells, and batteriesmaterial in dye sensitized solar cells [Zhu et al. , 2007;et al. , 2007]. Dye sensitized solar cells, as devel- oped
Nguyen, Que Anh
10 CFR Ch. III (1-1-11 Edition) Pt. 851, App. B
The Department has chosen to reserve this section since policy and procedures for nano- technology safety are currently being devel- oped. Once these policies and procedures...
Fish life in the kelp beds and the effects of kelp harvesting
m Organisms of t h e mid -kelp b l o t ope . . . . . . . . .E f f e c t s of Harvesting on Kelp Beds . . . . . . . . .E f f e c t s of Kelp Harvesting on F i s h
Limbaugh, Conrad
Multi-modal Transportation > Highway Transportation > Trucking > Railroad transportation > Public transit > Rural transportation > Rural transit > Freig pipeline transportation > Airport planning and development > Airport maintenance > Bicycle and pedestr
Multi-modal Transportation > Highway Transportation > Trucking > Railroad transportation > Public transit > Rural transportation > Rural transit > Freig pipeline transportation > Airport planning and development > Airport maintenance > Bicycle and pedestrian > Ports and waterways >>> Transportation ope
E-Print Network 3.0 - aortalen glatten muskelzellen Sample Search...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
4 Summary: **. Ein Element von A**ist dann eine Liste von Liste* *n. Die Ope- ration des Gl"attens ist eine... "ur A a, b das Element w ((a, b), (* *b, b, a), (), (a)) eine...
Microwave synthesized magnetic tubular carbon nanocomposite fabrics toward electrochemical energy
- oping supercapacitors with high power supply, long term stability and environmental benign nature. Depending on the electroactivity of electrode materials, supercapacitors could be either electrostatic between electrode and electrolyte.1 The current FS supercapacitors usually suffer from low power density
Guo, John Zhanhu
Solving Multi-Objective Network Flow Problems with an Interior Point ...
Jan 12, 2009 ... we cannot improve the performance of all the objectives ... oped in his previous studies. The proposed ... action with the DM can take place every few, pre-
Role-based Object Constraint Programming
, email@example.com 2 Siemens AG, Corporate Technology (SE 2) {andrey.nechypurenko, egon.wuchner}@siemens transformations on data encapsulated in multiple features. To address these challenges, we devel- oped an approach
Schmidt, Douglas C.
Copyright 1998 by the Genetics Society of America High-Efficiency Transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Electroporation
/chloroplast interactions for the stable introduction of DNA into the nuclear genome(Kindle 1990).This method) or the lithium ace- oped and used to dissect the regulation of various pro- tate/single-stranded DNA
A Self-Guided Tour of the
the first underground cable be- tween Baltimore and Washington and devel- oped the first overhead line. He, acquired his fortune through his involvement in an engineering enterprise. He designed a ma- chine to lay
Lipson, Michal
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 7, 283288, 2007 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/7/283/2007/
and Bell, 2005) and the French ARMAGE- DOM (Sedan and Mirgon, 2003) projects are being devel- oped, numerous EC-funded Sixth Framework Programme Integrated Projects, such as from the information technology
ex parte communications - Securing America's Future Energy April...
2007 OP-ED CONTRIBUTOR Praying at the Pump By RONALD E. MINSK Washington ONCE again, the price of oil is making Americans nervous. After falling by more than one- third since...
Interaction Support for Visual Comparison Inspired by Natural Behavior
Forsell, and Jimmy Johansson Fig. 1. Folding interaction to reveal and relate information shown, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. · Jimmy Johansson is with Link¨oping University, e-mail: jimmy
Tominski, Christian
Construction of operator product expansion coefficients via consistency conditions
In this thesis an iterative scheme for the construction of operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients is applied to determine low order coefficients in perturbation theory for a specific toy model. We use the approach to quantum field theory proposed by S. Hollands [arXiv:0802.2198], which is centered around the OPE and a number of axioms on the corresponding OPE coefficients. This framework is reviewed in the first part of the thesis. In the second part we apply an algorithm for the perturbative construction of OPE coefficients to a toy model: Euclidean $\\varphi^6$-theory in 3-dimensions. Using a recently found formulation in terms of vertex operators and a diagrammatic notation in terms of trees [arXiv:0906.5313v1], coefficients up to second order are constructed, some general features of coefficients at arbitrary order are presented and an exemplary comparison to the corresponding customary method of computation is given.
Jan Holland
Eos, Vol. 93, No. 5, 31 January 2011 Blooms of the toxic marine dinoflagel-
). Collaborative Response to a HAB Event in Campeche The rapid response capability of the binational and local partnerships was tested recently when a massive HAB devel- oped off Campeche, Mexico, following the passage
Meyers, Steven D.
18Connected Talented Innovative Advance livable communities
- fill in White County and the Oakridge Landfill in Cass County, which both have begun producing energy- oping the Fort to Port corridor. This will provide easy access to port facilities to the east. The ports
E-Print Network 3.0 - advanced fischer-tropsch technology Sample...
reactors (F-T) has... The Fischer Tropsch (F-T) synthesis was originally devel- oped in Germany in the 1920s by Franz Fischer... into syngas and, then, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis...
FULL SERVICE Quality Plumbing
is a Complete Solar Energy R Solar Electricity; Solar Pool and Spa H a licensed solar energy contractor ope of California coastal waters likely originates from multiple sources, including, historic mercury, gold
FYI: July 2, 1975 - Decembert 31, 1975
tim e s, since Mail Room staff have to interrupt their work to unlock the door. In addition, please use the stack elevators (hopefully the recurring disease of the West Elevator is not chronic) rather than having Mail Room personnel key the public... elevator for you. Personnel: Resignation: Pat Henry, Clerk III in the bibliographic section of Cataloging has resigned effective August 15. .' Ope~ing: Staff melnbers interested in applying for promotion or transfer to the Clerk III , biblio� graphic...
and Theoretical Physics Group, Mail Stop 50A-5101
A new heterotic N = 2 string with manifest target space supersymmetry is constructed by combining a conventional N = 2 string in the right-moving sector and a Green-Schwarz-Berkovits type string in the left-moving sector. The corresponding sigma model is then obtained by turning on background fields for the massless excitations. We compute the beta functions and we partially check the OPE�s of the superconformal algebra perturbatively in ? ? , all in superspace. The resulting field equations describe N = 1 self-dual supergravity. 1
Kostas Skenderis; Instituut Voor Theoretische Fysica
Single and double pion production in np collisions at 1.25 GeV with HADES
The preliminary results on charged pion production in np collisions at an incident beam energy of 1.25 GeV measured with HADES are presented. The np reactions were isolated in dp collisions at 1.25 GeV/u using the Forward Wall hodoscope, which allowed to register spectator protons. The results for np -> pppi-, np -> nppi+pi- and np -> dpi+pi- channels are compared with OPE calculations. A reasonable agreement between experimental results and the predictions of the OPE+OBE model is observed.
The HADES Collaboration; A. K. Kurilkin; G. Agakishiev; A. Balanda; D. Belver; A. Belyaev; A. Blanco; M. B�hmer; J. L. Boyard; P. Cabanelas; E. Castro; S. Chernenko; J. D\\'\\iaz; A. Dybczak; E. Epple; L. Fabbietti; O. Fateev; P. Finocchiaro; P. Fonte; J. Friese; I. Fr�hlich; T. Galatyuk; J. A. Garz�n; A. Gil; M. Golubeva; D. Gonz�lez-D\\'\\iaz; F. Guber; T. Hennino; R. Holzmann; P. Huck; A. Ierusalimov; I. Iori; A. Ivashkin; M. Jurkovic; B. K�mpfer; T. Karavicheva; I. Koenig; W. Koenig; B. W. Kolb; A. Kopp; G. Korcyl; GK. Kornakov; R. Kotte; A. Kozuch; A. Kr�sa; F. Krizek; R. Kr�cken; H. Kuc; W. K�hn; A. Kugler; A. Kurepin; P. Kurilkin; P. Khlitz; V. Ladygin; J. Lamas-Valverde; S. Lang; K. Lapidus; T. Liu; L. Lopes; M. Lorenz; L. Maier; A. Mangiarotti; J. Markert; V. Metag; B. Michalska; J. Michel; C. M�ntz; L. Naumann; Y. C. Pachmayer; M. Palka; Y. Parpottas; V. Pechenov; O. Pechenova; J. Pietraszko; W. Przygoda; B. Ramstein; A. Reshetin; J. Roskoss; A. Rustamov; A. Sadovsky; P. Salabura; A. Schmah; J. Siebenson; Yu. G. Sobolev; S. Spataro; H. Str�bele; J. Stroth; C. Sturm; M. Sudol; A. Tarantola; K. Teilab; P. Tlusty; M. Traxler; R. Trebacz; H. Tsertos; T. Vasiliev; V. Wagner; M. Weber; J. W�stenfeld; S. Yurevich; Y. Zanevsky
Kurilkin, A K; Balanda, A; Belver, D; Belyaev, A; Blanco, A; B�hmer, M; Boyard, J L; Cabanelas, P; Castro, E; Chernenko, S; D\\'\\iaz, J; Dybczak, A; Epple, E; Fabbietti, L; Fateev, O; Finocchiaro, P; Fonte, P; Friese, J; Fr�hlich, I; Galatyuk, T; Garz�n, J A; Gil, A; Golubeva, M; Gonz�lez-D\\'\\iaz, D; Guber, F; Hennino, T; Holzmann, R; Huck, P; Ierusalimov, A; Iori, I; Ivashkin, A; Jurkovic, M; K�mpfer, B; Karavicheva, T; Koenig, I; Koenig, W; Kolb, B W; Kopp, A; Korcyl, G; Kornakov, GK; Kotte, R; Kozuch, A; Kr�sa, A; Krizek, F; Kr�cken, R; Kuc, H; K�hn, W; Kugler, A; Kurepin, A; Kurilkin, P; Khlitz, P; Ladygin, V; Lamas-Valverde, J; Lang, S; Lapidus, K; Liu, T; Lopes, L; Lorenz, M; Maier, L; Mangiarotti, A; Markert, J; Metag, V; Michalska, B; Michel, J; M�ntz, C; Naumann, L; Pachmayer, Y C; Palka, M; Parpottas, Y; Pechenov, V; Pechenova, O; Pietraszko, J; Przygoda, W; Ramstein, B; Reshetin, A; Roskoss, J; Rustamov, A; Sadovsky, A; Salabura, P; Schmah, A; Siebenson, J; Sobolev, Yu G; Spataro, S; Str�bele, H; Stroth, J; Sturm, C; Sudol, M; Tarantola, A; Teilab, K; Tlusty, P; Traxler, M; Trebacz, R; Tsertos, H; Vasiliev, T; Wagner, V; Weber, M; W�stenfeld, J; Yurevich, S; Zanevsky, Y
The physical status of Miller clay after nine years of crop rotations
by crops and management was made by Uhland (24). A report from his work shows 1) plants with deep and well devel- oped root systems such as alfalfa and kudzu may be expected to increase porosity and permeability and to improve soil structure, 2) crop...
Hipp, Billy Wayne
December 2006 Factors Affecting U.S. Production
and estimate the returns to the taxpayer. To evaluate whether the program is meeting its stated objectives, EAO. � Benefit-cost analysis studies, which identify and quantify the private, public, and social returns companies have devel- oped the manufacturing expertise and made the requisite capital investment to profit
"Sex in Marriage is a Divine Gift": For whom ? Evidence from the Manila contraceptive ban
that family resources are important constraints in the accumulation of child human capital. This idea lies inputs of the child human capital accumulation process. Hence, a ma- jor challenge for estimating and quality in devel- oping countries by estimating the effect of family size on child education in urban
Boyer, Edmond
Director's Report Unidata Users Committee Meeting
· A Software Engineer to work on the NOAA-funded OPeNDAP- Unidata (OPULS) collaborative project. · A System "individuals whose energy, expertise, and active involvement enable the Unidata Program to better serve 500 machines at ~230 sites are running LDM-6 and reporting real time statistics. These numbers have
THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 135, 134506 (2011) Simulating infrared spectra and hydrogen bonding in cellulose I
lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels.4,5 Pyrolysis involves thermal decomposition usually in the absence of oxygen pyrolysis is important in devel- oping efficient technologies for the conversion of biomass. In this article to be the first step in cellulose pyrolysis. We have performed molecular dynamics simu- lations at constant
Auerbach, Scott M.
Optical Diffusometry Techniques and Applications in Biological ...
Sep 22, 2008 ... School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,. Purdue University, ... The present work explores the process of measuring the mean diffusion .... MATLAB. � adaptation of the IDL particle tracking software devel- oped by Grier .... Simulations of this ex- perimental error .... pdf is given by e?x 2/4Dt /4Dt n/2.
Presented at the IS&T/SID Fifth Color Imaging Conference, November 1997 Inverse Lighting for Photography
Presented at the IS&T/SID Fifth Color Imaging Conference, November 1997 Inverse Lighting, New York Abstract We introduce a technique for improving photographs using inverse lighting, a new process based on algorithms devel oped in computer graphics for computing the reflection of light in 3D
Marschner, Steve
Characterization of hydrous ruthenium oxide/carbon nanocomposite supercapacitors prepared by a colloidal method
, the recent research has focused on devel- oping structures of RuO2/carbon composite materials. Miller 20 July 2001 Abstract Amorphous nanostructured composite materials with different RuO2 loadings converted to ruthenium oxide after annealing at 100 8C. The speci®c capacitance of RuO2/carbon composite
Popov, Branko N.
Sustainable Energy without the hot air David J.C. MacKay
an addiction to fossil fuels, and it's not sustainable. The devel- oped world gets 80% of its energy from fossil fuels; Britain, 90%. And this is unsustainable for three reasons. First, easily-accessible fossil. Second, burning fossil fuels is having a measurable and very-probably dangerous effect on the climate
Talbot, James P.
High-Temperature Mechanical Behavior and Hot Rolling S.F. HARNISH, H.A. PADILLA, B.E. GORE, J.A. DANTZIG, A.J. BEAUDOIN,
and processing performance of 705X aluminum alloys is exam- ined, employing a combination of mechanical testing aluminum has been one of the most widely successful and broadly applicable materials devel- oped of these alloys include packaging, automotive, and aerospace. The Al-Zn- Mg-Cu 7000 series alloys have seen
Dantzig, Jonathan A.
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime, the operator product expansion, and dark energy
To make sense of quantum field theory in an arbitrary (globally hyperbolic) curved spacetime, the theory must be formulated in a local and covariant manner in terms of locally measureable field observables. Since a generic curved spacetime does not possess symmetries or a unique notion of a vacuum state, the theory also must be formulated in a manner that does not require symmetries or a preferred notion of a ``vacuum state'' and ``particles''. We propose such a formulation of quantum field theory, wherein the operator product expansion (OPE) of the quantum fields is elevated to a fundamental status, and the quantum field theory is viewed as being defined by its OPE. Since the OPE coefficients may be better behaved than any quantities having to do with states, we suggest that it may be possible to perturbatively construct the OPE coefficients--and, thus, the quantum field theory. By contrast, ground/vacuum states--in spacetimes, such as Minkowski spacetime, where they may be defined--cannot vary analytically with the parameters of the theory. We argue that this implies that composite fields may acquire nonvanishing vacuum state expectation values due to nonperturbative effects. We speculate that this could account for the existence of a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of a quantum field occurring at a scale much smaller than the natural scales of the theory.
S. Hollands; R. M. Wald
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 43, NO. 3, MARCH 2005 647 Sea Ice Mapping Method for SeaWinds
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 43, NO. 3, MARCH 2005 647 Sea Ice Mapping the ocean and atmosphere. Atmospheric heat exchange over sea ice is up to two orders of magnitude less than Abstract--A sea ice mapping algorithm for SeaWinds is devel- oped that incorporates statistical and spatial
Long, David G.
Mitigating the Hospital Area Communication's Interference using Cognitive Radio Networks
, their communications could greatly increase electromagnetic interference with other critical medical equip- ments. There is therefore a need to mitigate potential risks of electromagnetic interference between the patients wireless should be devel- oped to ensure efficient communications while minimizing electromagnetic interference
A Conversational In-car Dialog System Fuliang Weng
, Stanford CSLI, and SRI STAR Lab funded by NIST ATP. It has reached a promising level, achieving a task of the hub architecture employed by Commu- nicator projects (Seneff et al., 1998), it is devel- oped in Java a sequence of recognized words and tags, performs a deep linguistic analysis with probabilistic models
Purver, Matthew
10.1177/0270467602238888BULLETIN OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY / December 2002Stahl etal./ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION ANALYSIS A New Approach to Environmental
. An alternative approach has been devel- oped at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is designed to improve the utilization of sci- entific research results and data (social, physical, and biological- vironmental issues. Using a policy application per- taining to the EPA's 1995 decision to approve a fuel
Delaware, University of
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 18171830, October 2004 Faulting Induced by Forced Fluid Injection and Fluid Flow Forced by
is a technique used to image the volume of rock stimulated by hydraulic fracturing (Al- bright and Pearson, 1982. The method has been applied in devel- oping hot dry rock reservoirs (e.g., Pine and Batchelor, 1984; House al., 2003). Beyond mapping gross structure and fluid-flow paths, rela- tive source location
FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA Draft Proposal Institutional Strategy to Promote Top-Level Research
· Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering · Foundation of Weimar Classics, and to dynamically produce power for innovation as a motor for the development of the Technology Region of Central. In turn, the region's atmosphere, with its tradition of outstanding openess towards research, innovation
Seyfarth, Andre
Safety-Oriented Design of Component Assemblies using Safety Interfaces
FACS 2006 Safety-Oriented Design of Component Assemblies using Safety Interfaces Jonas Elmqvist¨oping, Sweden Abstract This paper promotes compositional reasoning in the context of safety-critical systems, and demonstrates a safety-oriented component model using an application from the automotive industry: an Adaptive
To link to this article: DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.022 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.022
in Table 1. It was devel- oped by ONERA for single-crystalline turbine blades of helicopter turboshaft edge length of 0.44 lm in the h001i direction [14]) merged in an fcc c matrix. The 70% c0 volumic
Mailhes, Corinne
8 | harriman magazine By ROnALD MEyER
for just over a year now, stationed in both Washington, D.C., and Almaty, Kazakhstan. What is the mission about economic development in Kazakhstan. The article you're referring to was an op-ed I produced for the EUROBAK (European Business Association of Kazakhstan) Global Monitor, a business magazine based
Qian, Ning
Noise Suppression using a Perceptual Model for Wideband Speech Signals Joachim Thiemann
is derived from a method devel- oped by Soulodre [2] to remove camera noise from film soundtracks. Soulodre[n, p] (where p denotes the frame counter) is windowed by a window obtained from the square root of the Hann window, defined by h[n] = 1 2 1 - cos 2 n + 0.5 NF , (1) where n = 0, . . . , NF - 1. The f
Kabal, Peter
Finite element study of multi-modal vibration damping for thermal barrier coating applications
barriers for gas turbine blades, there is a growing interest in devel- oping multifunctional coatings methods is critical in many tech- nologies and especially so for gas turbine engines since many the spinning up of the turbine to avoid resonances. One of the advances made in gas turbine technologies, has
"New Jersey is the pharmaceutical capital of the country and Rutgers is at the center of it all," says Marc Paolantonio. After receiving his under-
's most respected and socially beneficial industries. Industry Scholars The Rutgers MBA in pharmaceutical, Regulatory, and Ethical Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry, a course devel- oped by Professor Michael Prices Too High? hosted by Johnson & Johnson-Ortho Biotech Investing in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Lin, Xiaodong
Wood-Fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Agent Performance
Wood-Fiber/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites: Coupling Agent Performance John Z. Lu,1 Qinglin Wu structure. As a coupling agent, mal- eated polyethylene (MAPE) had a better performance in WPC than oxidized polyethylene (OPE) and pure polyeth- ylene (PPE) because of its stronger interfacial bonding. A combination
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 25132532, 2012 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/2513/2012/
.g. regional chemical transport model) have been devel- oped, which take into account a large number assimilated into a chemistry- transport model at continental scale (CHIMERE) using an Ensemble Square Root standards, guidelines and strategies for air quality management. In particular, special attention has been
Meskhidze, Nicholas
2 of 11 DOCUMENTS The Washington Post
On Global Warming John Deutch SECTION: OP-ED; Pg. A27 LENGTH: 1346 words I believe that what we know now about global warming justifies imposition of a modest tax on carbon emissions by the United States, the limits will specify that developed nations reduce emissions to 1990 levels at a yet
Deutch, John
On properties of the special coordinate basis of linear systems BEN M. CHEN
or technique devel- oped by Sannuti and Saberi in 1987 has a distinct feature of explicitly displaying of the seminal work of Sannuti and Saberi. It makes the theory of the special coordinate basis more complete. 1 work of Sannuti and Saberi (1987). Such a special coordinate basis decomposition or technique has
Benmei, Chen
Institute for Micro System Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil Jrg Mller
silicon. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells PEM fuel cells are expected to be the main on crystalline thick film silicon solar cells on glass substrates and polymer fuel cells Micro Total Analysis solar cell, potentially high efficient and low cost, is devel- oped, which is based on a rapid melting
Moeller, Ralf
Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 19481954 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
problems for the development of PEM fuel cells include the cost of the catalyst, and the cost and parasitic and the porous electrodes within PEM fuel cells and deteriorate performance. Since the liquid distribution reserved. 1. Introduction Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are being devel- oped for commercial
Litster, Shawn
Graphene coating makes carbon nanotube aerogels superelastic and resistant to fatigue
Graphene coating makes carbon nanotube aerogels superelastic and resistant to fatigue Kyu Hun Kim-based foams1014 and aero- gels15,16 . However, all nanotube-based foams and aerogels devel- oped so far10,11,13,14 when they are subjected to cyclic strain. Here, we show that an inelastic aerogel made
McGaughey, Alan
Scientific Correspondence Are Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents the Missing Link in
of sugars, which may serve as storage prod- ucts and a source of energy, the other compounds are present Delft, The Netherlands Over the past decade, metabolomics has devel- oped into a major tool for studying experimental conditions? NMR-based metabolomics in particular give a clear view of the major compounds present
Galis, Frietson
Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1768882 rkfsbopfqv=lc=jf`efd^k=
conference in the U.S. and a dataset of almost 800 op/eds from major news outlets over a two-year period of the problem. It concludes that the debate appears to be reaching a level of polarization where one might begin of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and that these emissions were influencing changes in the global climate.1
Edwards, Paul N.
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 21-27 1997, Albuquerque, NM. The Dynamics of an Articulated Forestry Machine and its Applications
of complexity are devel- oped to help in designing an effective coordinated controller in Cartesian spaceProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, April 21-27 1997 base degrees-of-freedom due to the machine's compliant tires. Techniques and experiments designed
Papadopoulos, Evangelos
ASTRO-F/FIS observing simulation including detector characteristics
ASTRO-F/FIS observing simulation including detector characteristics Woong-Seob Jeong a,*, Soojong instruments, the far-infrared surveyor (FIS) will map the entire sky in four bands using short wavelength (SW- oped a suite of software with an aim to simulate the FIS observations (Jeong et al., 2000, 2003, 2004
Pak, Soojong
On Constructing Homomorphic Encryption Schemes from Coding Theory
on Reed-Muller codes where for µ = 2 and µ = 3 and security levels between 80 and 128 bits, all operations Homomorphic encryption schemes are very useful cryptographic tools that en- able secure computation (PIR) [35], oblivious polynomial evalu- ation (OPE) [39], or multiparty computation [18]. The work
Amer J of Potato Res (2001) 78:421424 421 Michigan Purple
Amer J of Potato Res (2001) 78:421424 421 Michigan Purple: A Purple-Skinned Tablestock Variety D. S-ovoid shaped, purple- skinnedtablestock potato variety (Solanum tuberosum L.) devel- oped at Michigan State Purple from field trial at Montcalm Potato Research Farm. Accepted for publicationAugust2, 2001
Douches, David S.
International Conference of Modeling, Optimization and Simulation -MOSIM'12 June 6-8, 2012 -Bordeaux -France
manufacturers. While many models of hybrid cars have been devel- oped and put on the market in the last few Environment for Assessing Power Management Strategies in Hybrid Motorcycles Alessandro Beghi, Fabio Maran of transportation systems is a world wide priority. Hybrid propulsion vehicles have proved to have a strong
arXiv:1008.2116v1[cond-mat.mes-hall]12Aug2010 Circular ac Hall Effect
¨oping, Sweden and 4 Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 G¨oteborg, Sweden (Dated: August 13, 2010) We at room tempera- ture for wavelengths between 90 µm and 280 µm using either a continuous-wave (cw) CH3OH laser or a high power pulsed NH3 laser [10]. For these wavelengths the condition
Ganichev, Sergey
Watts2Share: Energy-Aware Traffic Consolidation Ekhiotz Jon Vergara, Simin Nadjm-Tehrani
of Computer and Information Science Link¨oping University, Sweden {ekhiotz.vergara, siminFi; SoftAP; I. INTRODUCTION With the advent of computationally powerful handsets we are finally entering by the WiFi access points. The growing wave of mobile data communication has two extreme consequences: (1
Mechanical Inhibition of Foam Formation via a Rotating Nozzle
have been devel- oped to minimize the impact of foams [2]. Anti-foaming agents are added to prevent environmental disposal problems, and increase the overall process cost and complexity [3]. Non report a design for a rotating nozzle that prevents successive collocated impacts, thereby minimizing
Ristenpart, William
Phenomenological modeling of tumor diameter growth based on a mixed effects
Phenomenological modeling of tumor diameter growth based on a mixed effects model T. Bastogne a,, A tumor volume-based models have been devel- oped for the phenomenological modeling of tumor growth-00390380,version1-2Jun2009 #12;1 Introduction In systems theory1,2 , phenomenological or black-box models
Model-Based Control and Optimization of Large Scale Physical Systems -Challenges in Reservoir Engineering
needs to increase efficiency in oil recovery from subsurface reservoirs new technology is devel- oped challenge to rationalize the decision processes. With newly developed technology for drilling wells and in for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands E-mail: p
Van den Hof, Paul
Human radiation studies: Remembering the early years. Oral history of Biochemist Waldo E. Cohn, Ph.D.
In September 1994, the Department of Energy began an oral history project as part of the Openess initiative on the documentation of the human radiation experiments. This paper presents the oral history of Waldo E Cohn, Ph.D., a Biochemist who worked for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project.
Newsletter of the UF/IFAS Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences January 2008 Aquaculture in Florida is dominated by the production of ornamental species for
1 WATERWORKS Newsletter of the UF/IFAS Department of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences January 2008. The industry beginnings go back to 1930, with farms devel- oping around Tampa and Miami. Today, the farms quality management, one growing segment of the industry is marine ornamental species, including hard
Florida, University of
Towards Software Product Lines Application in the Context of a Smart Building Project
Towards Software Product Lines Application in the Context of a Smart Building Project Thibaut. This paper presents proposals on how to apply software prod- uct lines in the context of smart buildings the various components involved in smart buildings, and to capitalize on the devel- oped IT components
"teclicthesisswe" --2013/3/25 --11:25 --page i --#1 Linkoping Studies in Science and Technology
and Technology Licentiate Thesis No. THESISNUMBER SWEDISHTITLE av AUTHOR Framlagd vid Link�opings tekniska h/3/25 -- 11:25 -- page ii -- #2 This is a Swedish Licentiate's Thesis Swedish postgraduate education leads to a doctor's degree and/or a licentiate's degree. A doctor's degree comprises 240 ECTS credits (4 year
Zhao, Yuxiao
Curriculum vitae Jacek MALEC
of Bergen, Norway, in June 2004. In December 2000 I served as the opponent for the licentiate thesis defense, Man Lin, has presented her licentiate thesis at the University of Link�oping in 1997 and successfully de- fended their licentiate theses (Magnus Morin, 1992, Per �Osterling, 1993, and Anders Ekman, 1996
III The Virtual Internet and Telecom-munications Laboratory of Switzerland
consisting of multiple independ- ent but complementary modules devel- oped under strict didactics on module content, designed the VITELS architecture and is an author of the VITELS Didactics and Design within the VITELS project and is an author of the VITELS Didactics and Design Guide. Lab Lab Lab Lab EIF
Braun, Torsten
Seminar Robust Optimization Marc Goerigk, Corinna Kaufmann WS 13/14, TU KL
, Mat´us Mihal'´ak, and Rajeev Raman. Computing minimum spanning trees with uncertainty. arXiv preprint ) Light Robustness Koller, Kathrin. [FM09, GSS+ 13] ( 6 ) Minmax Regret Spanning Tree Schreiber, Yvonne stochastic and adaptive optimization. MATHEMATICS OF OPE- RATIONS RESEARCH, 36(1):2454, 2011. [BKK11
Krumke, Sven O.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. ???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic1
harmonic1 decomposition of Receiver Functions: an application2 to Northern Apennines, Italy.3 I. Bianchi J oped, which combines both migration and harmonic decomposition of the15 receiver function data on a crucial depth range17 (20-70 km) where mantle wedge develops, harmonic decomposition of a re-18 cevier
Levin, Vadim
Nonlinear observer and parameter estimation for electropneumatic clutch
coefficient. General designs for nonlinear observer design are devel- oped for particular classes of nonlinear of estimate errors. They also consider a three-way proportional valve as con- trol valve while we consider on/off-solenoid valves. The presented observer in this paper is a deterministic observer with linear output
Johansen, Tor Arne
Faculty (PI) : William A. Goddard III Researcher: Hyungjun Kim
Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology FENA Annual ReviewFENA Annual Review 0101 Packing has 3 different types of nearest neighbors. The inter AN-OPE interaction energy, -0.61-3.12-7.66TT 3.13-2.56-5.70PT -7.19-5.00-3.95PP pairpairpair Energy of Nearest Neighbor (NN) model = Torsional
Goddard III, William A.
Terahertz emission from black silicon M. Theuer,2
of different meth- ods for the generation of terahertz radiation have been devel- oped including pure optical-called photoconductive terahertz emitters and detectors, radiation-damaged silicon on sapphire or low- temperature grown of terahertz optics made out of silicon is that the copropagating infrared radiation is ab- sorbed sufficiently
ccsd-00003302,version1-16Nov2004 The L-R Correlator and its Chiral Condensates in the MHA and
ccsd-00003302,version1-16Nov2004 The L-R Correlator and its Chiral Condensates in the MHA and MHA, called MHA and MHA+V'. Results concerning the evaluation of chiral condensates of dimension six and eight the lowest dimension operator product ex- pansion (OPE) condensates of this function in Talk given at the 11
Virginia Environmentally Sustainable Technologies Laboratory Developing strategies for carbon management
processes in multiphase systems contacting mineral surfaces that will impact shale gas development, en- hanced oil recovery, and GCS. · Published an open-source meta-model of algae bio- fuel production, and storage of CO2 or CO2 mixtures. In parallel, we are devel- oping modeling tools to explore
Clarens, Andres
Published: 3 January 2013 Egypt's New Year
1 Published: 3 January 2013 Egypt's New Year Resolution Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail CAIRO -- Egypt, is one of Egypt's largest extremist organizations. "Only when he changes his mind from being a Gamaa Brother to a national leader can we have real progress in Egypt," Mostafa said, adding: "For now
Zewail, Ahmed
Published: 14 October 2013 The Revolution Egypt Needs
1 Published: 14 October 2013 The Revolution Egypt Needs Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail Pasadena, California -- When I was a boy in Desuq, Egypt, a city on the Rosetta branch of the Nile, about 50 miles east was in the fabric of our culture and religion. I left Egypt in 1969 for graduate school at the University
Published: 3 November 2014 Don't Cut Aid to Egypt: The Hopeful Case for
1 Published: 3 November 2014 Don't Cut Aid to Egypt: The Hopeful Case for Supporting Egyptian President Sisi Today, the U.S. needs Egypt's partnership more than ever. Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail Some support him. And I believe that cutting foreign aid to Egypt at this point would harm the U.S.-Egypt
Published: 20 May 2012 Egypt's March Toward Democracy
1 Published: 20 May 2012 Egypt's March Toward Democracy Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail CAIRO -- A few candidates among the 13 running for president of Egypt. This stunning debate went on for more than four hours and was watched by millions of Egyptians and other Arabs. Contrary to the perception around the world that Egypt
Published: 21 May 2012 Egypt's March Toward Democracy
1 Published: 21 May 2012 Egypt's March Toward Democracy Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail CAIRO -- A few candidates among the 13 running for president of Egypt. This stunning debate went on for more than four hours and was watched by millions of Egyptians and other Arabs. Contrary to the perception around the world that Egypt
Published: 23 June 2011 Another Revolution Afoot in Egypt
1 Published: 23 June 2011 Another Revolution Afoot in Egypt: Top-Notch Science Egypt has launched way to cure fanaticism. Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail Cairo -- Nearly 100 days after the revolution, Egypt say hawa gadid -- a new air. The big question is how to channel this energy to forge a new Egypt
Published: 25 April 2011 Fund Egypt's Future to Save the Arab Uprising
1 Published: 25 April 2011 Fund Egypt's Future to Save the Arab Uprising Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail. The Egyptians brought down the head of the system, but not the system itself. That is the challenge now. Egypt between them, Egypt is united. In contrast, the second model for revolutions is that of Yemen, Libya
Published: 6 October 2011 As Elections Loom, Egypt Must Unify
1 Published: 6 October 2011 As Elections Loom, Egypt Must Unify Op-Ed by Ahmed H. Zewail "Where is Egypt going?" a driver named Mohamed asked me recently. It is the question on everyone's mind and the building of the new City of Science and Technology. At last, it was felt, Egypt would be rejoining
1808 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 6, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2012 Design of a Flux-Switching Electrical Generator
turbine system has its operating range as shown in Fig. 1. Permanent-magnet generators and self small wind turbine generators are often based on inexpensive permanent-magnet generator machines [12 of gearbox requirements for coupling to the turbine. Although the devel- oped approach makes the machine
Simões, Marcelo Godoy
Colorado's perfect firestorm Conflagrations such as the Waldo Canyon fire may make climate change skeptics easier to
Op-Ed Colorado's perfect firestorm Conflagrations such as the Waldo Canyon fire may make climate their belongings and flee as the Waldo Canyon fire barreled toward their house in Colorado Springs. They were among. Colorado this year has been far drier than normal and has seen record-high temperatures. Streams
California at Davis, University of
Sunday, June 20, 2004 SPORTS LIFE
- Gourmet Art - Books - Photography - Dance - Theater - Crafts Op-Ed - Letters Cartoons Weekly round up nations failed Friday to forge an accord on whether to build the world's first prototype nuclear fusion reactor in France or Japan. Decision on site for fusion reactor put off again In a meeting of sub
Development of pachytene FISH maps for six maize chromosomes and their integration with other maize maps
Development of pachytene FISH maps for six maize chromosomes and their integration with other maize maps for insights into genome structure variation Debbie M. Figueroa & Hank W. Bass Received: 13 in situ hybridization (FISH) maps were devel- oped for chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 of maize using
Ronquist, Fredrik
Countering Improvised Explosive Devices: NPS and USMC Innovations
, as well as USMC and USN students, is dedicated to advancing counter-IED protection. The team's prior in protecting convoy operations, there is a need for devel- oping systems which can counter convoy-directed RC- IED attacks. The need for a long-term look at the counter-IED prob- lem is unfortunately self
Effect of H2O on the density of silicate melts at high pressures: Static experiments and the application of a
Effect of H2O on the density of silicate melts at high pressures: Static experiments in revised form 1 March 2012; available online 13 March 2012 Abstract Density of ultramafic silicate meltsMurnaghan equation of state and a newly devel- oped equation of state for silicate melts based on the model of hard
Robots you'll see today Collaborative, cooperative, networked robotics
Facility on campus. Unmanned vehicles A wide variety of unmanned vehicle platforms are being devel- oped, including micro air vehicles, ground vehicles, sea surface ve- hicles, underwater vehicles, and planetary that perform reliably over unreliable communication networks. Our researchers use air, ground, and underwater
Shapiro, Benjamin
The Uintah Parallelism Infrastructure: A Performance Evaluation on the SGI Origin 2000
between hydrocarbon fires, struc tures and highenergy materials (explosives and propellants complex real world phenomena. These simulations necessitate the use of ever increasing com putational devel oped specifically to study interactions between hydro carbon fire, structures, and highenergy
Utah, University of
between hydrocarbon fires, struc- tures and high-energy materials (explosives and propellants complex real world phenomena. These simulations necessitate the use of ever increasing com- putational devel- oped specifically to study interactions between hydro- carbon fire, structures, and high-energy
CALIFORNIA ENERGY Small HVAC Field and Survey Information
;#12;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The products and outcomes presented in this report are part of the Integrated Design of Small to the final report of a larger research effort called Integrated Energy Systems: Productivity and Building through the integrated design, construction, and ope
Christian Davidson Xiangchun Xuan
Effects of Stern layer conductance on electrokinetic energy conversion in nanofluidic channels Athermo-electro-hydro to their potential for integration into micro- and nanofluidic systems. Recent efforts have focused on increasing. This article addresses this issue using an analytical thermo-electro-hydro-dynamic approach devel- oped by Xuan
Xuan, Xiangchun "Schwann"
Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machines Faults Detection and Identification
for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). Two main faults occurring on these machines are identified of the PMSM is devel- oped and simulated using Matlab Simulink. The model enables simulating nominal and faulty PMSM behavior, with several stages of degradation, and is supported by tests results. Specific
CIRQ: Qualitative fluid flow modelling for aerospace FMEA applications Neal Snooke
M2 CIRQ: Qualitative fluid flow modelling for aerospace FMEA applications Neal Snooke Department- oped on top of the MCIRQ simulator with the aim to produce an automated FMEA for aircraft fuel systems similar to pre- viously developed automated electrical FMEA. Introduction This paper describes a circuit
Snooke, Neal
Tool Support for Incremental Failure Mode and Effects Analysis of Component-Based Systems
�oping, Sweden {jonel, email@example.com Abstract Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a well- known technique widely used for safety assessment in the area of safety-critical systems. However, FMEA is tradi systems. Also, small modifications in the design may result in a complete revision of the initial FMEA
Computational pproach to the Statistical echanics of rotein ol ing
, 1995 bstract A statistical mechanical approach to the protein folding problem is devel- oped based of the statistical mechanics of protein folding by com- puter simulation. Even though we have taken advantage of new". A theoretical understanding of the protein-folding problem, i.e. how proteins fold to their native states from
Istrail, Sorin
Reconciling the analytic QCD with the ITEP operator product expansion philosophy
Analytic QCD models are those versions of QCD in which the running coupling parameter a(Q^2) has the same analytic properties as the spacelike physical quantities, i.e., no singularities in the complex Q^2 plane except on the timelike semiaxis. In such models, a(Q^2) usually differs from its perturbative analog by power terms ~(Lambda^2/Q^2)^k for large momenta, introducing thus nonperturbative terms in spacelike physical quantities whose origin is the UV regime. Consequently, it contradicts the ITEP-OPE philosophy which states that such terms can come only from the IR regimes. We investigate whether it is possible to construct analytic QCD models which respect the ITEP-OPE philosophy and, at the same time, reproduce not just the high-energy QCD observables, but also the low-energy ones, among them the well-measured semihadronic tau decay ratio.
Gorazd Cvetic; Reinhart Koegerler; Cristian Valenzuela
Locally-smeared operator product expansions
We propose a "locally-smeared Operator Product Expansion" (sOPE) to decompose non-local operators in terms of a basis of locally-smeared operators. The sOPE formally connects nonperturbative matrix elements of smeared degrees of freedom, determined numerically using the gradient flow, to non-local operators in the continuum. The nonperturbative matrix elements do not suffer from power-divergent mixing on the lattice, provided the smearing scale is kept fixed in the continuum limit. The presence of this smearing scale prevents a simple connection to the standard operator product expansion and therefore requires the construction of a two-scale formalism. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using the example of real scalar field theory.
Monahan, Christopher; Orginos, Kostantinos
Pneumatic cleaning of sugarcane utilizing a high velocity air jet
- oped to cope with the increased amount of trash present in unburned sugarcane. This research involved the testing and computer simulation of a chopper air jet nozzle assembly. The experimental test setup included a two-stage conveyor. This conveyor... of the system was evaluated. The results of the chopper air jet nozzle assembly tests verified that the air velocity, nozzle size, chopper blade configuration and feed-in rate contributed signifi- cantly to the cleanliness of the billets. The air velo- city...
Fisher, John Ray
Fear of Floating and Social Welfare
tendency by policymakers in developing countries to use inflation surprises to improve the government�s fiscal position. We are motivated by two stylized empirical observations. First, devel- oping country policymakers typically pursue macroeconomic... . Although initially restricted to the financial sector, a devaluation�s aftershocks spread to other sectors and result in widespread corporate failure and unemployment. Second, although many developing countries responded to the financial crises by adopting...
Tambakis, Demosthenes N
Texas Rice, Volume VII, Number 3
information on the Experiment Station�s biofuel initiative can be found at http://agresearch.tamu.edu/BioenergyInitiatives.htm. At the Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont, scientists are devel- oping multi-crop systems... the sustainable and profitable production of these and other biomass crops. Recently, the Beaumont Center has been active as part of a team providing information about the many advantages of the Southeast Texas area for bioenergy production to the Celunol...
An examination of urban heat island characteristics in a global climate model
and urban properties devel- oped by Jackson et al. (2010). Urban extent, defined for four classes [tall building district (TBD), and high, medium and low density (HD, MD, LD)], was derived from LandScan 2004 [Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL) 2005, Land...Scan? Global Population Database, Oak Ridge, TN (http://www.ornl.gov/landscan/)], a pop- ulation density dataset derived from census data, night- time lights satellite observations, road proximity and slope (Dobson et al., 2000). The urban extent data...
Oleson, Keith W.; Bonan, Gordon B.; Feddema, Johannes J.; Jackson, Trisha L.
Design and Development of a Plastic Film Heat Exchanger
of the PFHX technology in olving heat. exchange at any pressure other than'atmo pheric pressure. Atmospheric applications could ope ate with a simple remote level control basin. There are also many other potential appl ca tions of the PFHX technology...DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PLASTIC FILM HEAT EXCHANGER Eric C. Guyer, Sc.D., David L. Brownell, and Martin K. Gollin Dynatech RID Company Cambridge, Massachusetts ABSTRACT A plastic film heat exchang.er (PFHX) utilizes the low cost...
Guyer, E. C.; Gollin, M. K.; Brownell, D. L.
Molecular beam epitaxy of InP-based alloys for long-wavelength vertical cavity lasers
InGaAs and InGaAsP, are well devel- oped, having been deployed in commercial long-wavelength edge- ventional lattice-matched alloys to InP, AlInGaAs, and In- GaAsP do not have sufficient index contrast of absorption and dis- persion minima in conventional silica fiber; their circular output mode shape, low
Coldren, Larry A.
2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim400 wileyonlinelibrary.com www.MaterialsViews.com
, and light- to-electricity conversion in solar cells is one of the best-devel- oped renewable energy.MaterialsViews.com www.advenergymat.de PROGRESSREPORT Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 400�409 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201100630 A Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com S. Chen, X.-G. Gong Key Laboratory
Gong, Xingao
New Derivation of Off-Shell Representations of the Multi-dimensional Affine and Virasoro Algebras
Algebras of currents and diffeomorphisms in arbitrary dimension have extensions which generalize the affine and Virasoro algebras on the circle. A large class of off-shell representations was discovered in Comm. Math. Phys. 214 (2000) 469--491. That paper is not so accessible due to a slightly non-standard normal ordering formalism and cumbersome $p$-jet calculations. The purpose of the present paper is to simplify the derivation using standard OPE methods and a more field-like formalism.
T. A. Larsson
Amplitude modulation free, wide band frequency modulated oscillator
oscillator- - - - - ? ? - ? 3 15 ~ Iiide Bmd Frc saency Lodulator Relatively Free of A@elf tude Modulation-? ? 35 1~'i. Tank Uoltare Versus Fx~tuency or . 'evcral Loads ? - ? ? - 35 17. Screon Voltage Versus Frequency? 10. Amclitude Lodulafion Envelope... of Conventional Design- - ? 39 19 ' ~litude Ltodulation Eave" ope of !iem Design- - - ? - - ? 39 20. Tank Voltage Versus 11~-, coney of Conventisnal Design Hew Design INTRODUCTION The accurate and rapid determination and location of faults is very important...
Nelson, Dick Frank
Functional-analysis based tool for testing quark-hadron duality
Quark-hadron duality is a key concept in QCD, allowing for the description of physical hadronic observables in terms of quark-gluon degrees of freedom. The modern theoretical framework for its implementation is Wilson's operator product expansion (OPE), supplemented by analytic extrapolation from large Euclidean momenta, where the OPE is defined, to the Minkowski axis, where observable quantities are defined. Recently, the importance of additional terms in the expansion of QCD correlators near the Minkowski axis, responsible for quark-hadron duality violations (DVs), was emphasized. In this paper we introduce a mathematical tool that might be useful for the study of DVs in QCD. It is based on finding the minimal distance, measured in the $L^\\infty$ norm along a contour in the complex momentum plane, between a class of admissible functions containing the physical amplitude and the asymptotic expansion predicted by the OPE. This minimal distance is given by the norm of a Hankel matrix that can be calculated exactly, using as input the experimental spectral function on a finite interval of the timelike axis. We also comment on the relation between the new functional tool and the more commonly used $\\chi^2$-based analysis. The approach is illustrated on a toy model for the QCD polarization function recently proposed in the literature.
Irinel Caprini; Maarten Golterman; Santiago Peris
Design data and economic relationships for beef cattle feed handling and processing systems
-truck Vertical auger Elevator with p I t' ed) x 34') EQUI PIIEI'IT; Automatic mill mixe~ (instal'ed) Large Unit': $ . 34 18. 00 23. 00 1. 65 1800. 00 1100. 00 3000. 00 1200 00 5600. 00 9600. 00 1200. 00 5000. 00 5 t I 8. . 2t. . . . 6...:. " 38" 55LC 80. )CCC. C- Augers with no 4 inch 6 inch Power Shovel tors, each 125. 00 300. 00 1800. 00 TR 130 '"Large Unit - 2500 Head Ope-arion &yvrSma11 Uni t - 500 Head Operat ion "RB f: V LRBOR. rEED O' RND EQ, ?ENE ttFQu &E&EN"5...
Allen, William Samuel
JuliBootS: a hands-on guide to the conformal bootstrap
We introduce {\\tt JuliBootS}, a package for numerical conformal bootstrap computations coded in {\\tt Julia}. The centre-piece of {\\tt JuliBootS} is an implementation of Dantzig's simplex method capable of handling arbitrary precision linear programming problems with continuous search spaces. Current supported features include conformal dimension bounds, OPE bounds, and bootstrap with or without global symmetries. The code is trivially parallelizable on one or multiple machines. We exemplify usage extensively with several real-world applications. In passing we give a pedagogical introduction to the numerical bootstrap methods.
Miguel F. Paulos
Analysis of Costs of Producing Beef Under Cow-Calf Operations in Northeast Texas
~ l4uch of that, not actually improved for pastures~ has been subject to gx'asing. This is reflected in sn Incxease in Cattle poy ulation of mox'e than 70 yercent since 1940. Area 15 1/ (type of farming area of Texas) in 19~ had ~, 759 beef cows e... veil suited to pasture snd livestock production, The xayid increase in cattle poyulation and the decrease in cultivated cx'ope, the past tvo decades, ~icate a tx'end, tovard mox'e and Improved pastures snd greater livesMck production. In Kconom...
Wright, John Emory
Two concurrent architectures for eigenvalue extraction utilizing the QR algorithm
Daniel, B. S . , Texas ARM University Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr . Ralph K. Cavi n, I I I A highly concurrent planar processor array is studied and a corresponding linear processor array is devel oped wi th regar d to extracting... matrix is either the identity matrix I, or it is invertible so that a new A matrix can be found: = B-'A It is this less general class of problems that shall be dealt witn i n this thesi s . Hence, ( I) may be rewritten as: Ax = Ax or (AI - A)x = 0 (3...
McDaniel, Guy David
Acceptor and donor production in Hg b1 s[subscript -x]Cd[subscript x]Te by neutron transmutation doping
remains constant during the irradiation, 4. The dopant or oduced i'rom the decay of the pr oduct isot. ope is stable, 5. The effect of bur nup of the product isotopes and the dopants is negligible. With these assumptions and approximations one has... amounts such as Te and Te, and with products arri tting gamma rays with approximately the same ener gy, theoretical methods wer e developed for deter mining acceptor and donor production levels in Hg& xCdxTe based on the simultaneous irradiation of a...
Seager, Kevin Douglas
Hybrid Vigor in Sorghum.
of the relia.ble measures of hybrid vigor, these height measurements furnish a means of estimating hybrid vigor in crosses. Materials The materials used in this study include the three strains of milo known as Extra Dwarf, Dwarf, and Standard; and three... strains of feterita known as Extra Dwarf, Dwarf, and Standard. It is note- worthy that in both milo and feterita parallel forms have been devel- oped in so far as stature is concerned. The mean height for Extra Dwarf milos and feteritas ranged from 56...
Conner, A. B. (Arthur Benjamin)
The conduct of United States foreign policy during the Suez crisis of 1956
that because the United States was not as dependent on middle Eastern ozl as Eur ope, the Eisen? hower administcation Ci d not interp, et this cr isis in light of America's economic well-bezng. Rather, the main concern centered on the escalation... to the Arabs and not seek to mazntaln itsel f by its own ores and for e: gn backing. Un le s the Isc aelis realize thzs, they were doomed. By this time, Eisec, hower's bold diplomatic initza ive, code- named Gamma, was in progress. 4t the heart of this new...
McKnight, Michael Edward
Secretaries Chu and Duncan to Host Press Conference Call to Announce
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartment of Energy fromCommentsRevolvingPerformance |in Joint Op-Ed | DepartmentNational
Information Effects in Valuation of Electricity and Water Service Attributes Using Contingent Valuation
and duration of power outages had a highly signi?cant negative impact on WTP. Willingness to pay for water attributes has mostly been analysed in devel- oping countries, mainly in Latin America and Asia. Casey et. al. (2005) use a CVM survey in the Amazon Basin... . In addition, the electricity industry will face the challenge of signi?cantly increasing the share of renewable energy in electricity gener- ation in order to meet the EU and government?s target of generating 20 per cent of energy from renewables by 2020...
Akcura, Elcin
A study in photosensitization of cattle in southeast Texas during 1953
, . but production was not snout to provide auf icient winter forage ru io& t ra&. geo. In Oct- o'ber 1&)5$ livestock were utili, "ing forcg. th; t, under good manage~ant for ye:". rlong grazing, should not have been used until late minter. Pangs 1 has been stoa... on the ground to lest all minter and ?~ abunda!:ce oi' seedhecds we;e devel- oped. The stocking rate on Pangs 2 was six acre. . per cow until 1/50 w!&en the acreage p=r &. om m" ". . incr a &ed to eight, Allowable grazing acre&. . Ies are not suade...
Hoffman, Garlyn O
Bounds on $\\mathcal{N}=1$ Superconformal Theories with Global Symmetries
Recently, the conformal-bootstrap has been successfully used to obtain generic bounds on the spectrum and OPE coefficients of unitary conformal field theories. In practice, these bounds are obtained by assuming the existence of a scalar operator in the theory and analyzing the crossing-symmetry constraints of its 4-point function. In $\\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal theories with a global symmetry there is always a scalar primary operator, which is the top of the current-multiplet. In this paper we analyze the crossing-symmetry constraints of the 4-point function of this operator for $\\mathcal{N}=1$ theories with $SU(N)$ global symmetry. We analyze the current-current OPE, and derive the superconformal blocks, generalizing the work of Fortin, Intrilligator and Stergiou to the non-Abelian case and finding new superconformal blocks which appear in the Abelian case. We then use these results to obtain bounds on the coefficient of the current 2-point function.
Micha Berkooz; Ran Yacoby; Amir Zait
Unitarity and the Holographic S-Matrix
The bulk S-Matrix can be given a non-perturbative definition in terms of the flat space limit of AdS/CFT. We show that the unitarity of the S-Matrix, ie the optical theorem, can be derived by studying the behavior of the OPE and the conformal block decomposition in the flat space limit. When applied to perturbation theory in AdS, this gives a holographic derivation of the cutting rules for Feynman diagrams. To demonstrate these facts we introduce some new techniques for the analysis of conformal field theories. Chief among these is a method for conglomerating local primary operators O{sub 1} and O{sub 2} to extract the contribution of an individual primary O{sub {Delta},{ell}} in their OPE. This provides a method for isolating the contribution of specific conformal blocks which we use to prove an important relation between certain conformal block coefficients and anomalous dimensions. These techniques make essential use of the simplifications that occur when CFT correlators are expressed in terms of a Mellin amplitude.
Fitzpatrick, A.Liam; /Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Kaplan, Jared; /SLAC
Technical Letter Report: Evaluation and Analysis of a Few International Periodic Safety Review Summary Reports
At the request of the United States (U.S.) government, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) assembled a team of 20 senior safety experts to review the regulatory framework for the safety of operating nuclear power plants in the United States. This review focused on the effectiveness of the regulatory functions implemented by the NRC and on its commitment to nuclear safety and continuous improvement. One suggestion resulting from that review was that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) incorporate lessons learned from periodic safety reviews (PSRs) performed in other countries as an input to the NRC�s assessment processes. In the U.S., commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) are granted an initial 40-year operating license, which may be renewed for additional 20-year periods, subject to complying with regulatory requirements. The NRC has established a framework through its inspection, and operational experience processes to ensure the safe operation of licensed nuclear facilities on an ongoing basis. In contrast, most other countries do not impose a specific time limit on the operating licenses for NPPs, they instead require that the utility operating the plant perform PSRs, typically at approximately 10-year intervals, to assure continued safe operation until the next assessment. The staff contracted with Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) to perform a pilot review of selected translated PSR assessment reports and related documentation from foreign nuclear regulatory authorities to identify any potential new regulatory insights regarding license renewal-related topics and NPP operating experience (OpE). A total of 14 PSR assessment documents from 9 countries were reviewed. For all of the countries except France, individual reports were provided for each of the plants reviewed. In the case of France, three reports were provided that reviewed the performance assessment of thirty-four 900-MWe reactors of similar design commissioned between 1978 and 1988. All of the reports reviewed were the regulator�s assessment of the PSR findings rather than the original PSR report, and all but one were English translations from the original language. In these reviews, it was found that most of the countries base their regulatory guidance to some extent (and often to a large extent) on U.S. design codes and standards, NRC regulatory guidance, and U.S. industry guidance. In addition, many of the observed operational technical issues and OpE events reported for U.S. reactors are also cited in the PSR reports. The PSR reports also identified a number of potential technical material/component performance issues and OpE events that are not commonly reported for U.S. plants.
Chopra, Omesh K. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Environmental Science Division; Diercks, Dwight R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Nuclear Engineering Division; Ma, David Chia-Chiun [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Environmental Science Division; Garud, Yogendra S. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Environmental Science Division
Computer Playback Issue 5
you will curtail :iour /fjOVements -to a small.e:tl scale. 'The engineer' repopl;s YOU'Ll z.OP(~~S Play ho:voc wi tii his f33i3mo8(.~opeB." The si;arf'l.ee"t Jocs 'l~n$fJec-teu. rJim., A hOi?e Less case, his prospects gY1im. liO Joo in {-;'tar... 1." McCoy glanced at the sky. ItMoon t s near zeni th--you might make it anyway." "No.1t "I'm scared, Spock." "Together, combined, we are stronger." 'l'hat sounded like some of the oJ.d SpacK. "You sure?" Spack dropped his head into hiG hands...
Multiple Contributors
The absorption of ultrasonic waves in some associated liquids
l55l C P Hayth 'Die ectri. c Constant 4 No ecular Structur?' The Cheaica Cata, og ~ ''. 3l '2 J N N Pinkerton Physical Society of' London Proceedings Ser H 62. 286 (. pi~0~) 3 D. Setto. Jcu~' of Chen:ca: Physics l';;337 ('$5l) '4 C N Bassa... of the thyratron. Th1s yglaN the ?s?L13ator mee sn& ?ause& a siagle transient to appear of the oseil- los?ope fa?e. The gate vss still vs?& to aid 1n leveling the oryssal sn& in &etexsdning the ss?113ator freCpaen?y. Ph~phing the single txans1ent vss ~ matter...
Hock, Donald Charles
The ${\\mathcal N}=2$ superconformal bootstrap
In this work we initiate the conformal bootstrap program for ${\\mathcal N}=2$ superconformal field theories in four dimensions. We promote an abstract operator-algebraic viewpoint in order to unify the description of Lagrangian and non-Lagrangian theories, and formulate various conjectures concerning the landscape of theories. We analyze in detail the four-point functions of flavor symmetry current multiplets and of ${\\mathcal N}=2$ chiral operators. For both correlation functions we review the solution of the superconformal Ward identities and describe their superconformal block decompositions. This provides the foundation for an extensive numerical analysis discussed in the second half of the paper. We find a large number of constraints for operator dimensions, OPE coefficients, and central charges that must hold for any ${\\mathcal N}=2$ superconformal field theory.
Christopher Beem; Madalena Lemos; Pedro Liendo; Leonardo Rastelli; Balt C. van Rees
Renyi Entropies, the Analytic Bootstrap, and 3D Quantum Gravity at Higher Genus
We compute the contribution of the vacuum Virasoro representation to the genus-two partition function of an arbitrary CFT with central charge $c>1$. This is the perturbative pure gravity partition function in three dimensions. We employ a sewing construction, in which the partition function is expressed as a sum of sphere four-point functions of Virasoro vacuum descendants. For this purpose, we develop techniques to efficiently compute correlation functions of holomorphic operators, which by crossing symmetry are determined exactly by a finite number of OPE coefficients; this is an analytic implementation of the conformal bootstrap. Expanding the results in $1/c$, corresponding to the semiclassical bulk gravity expansion, we find that---unlike at genus one---the result does not truncate at finite loop order. Our results also allow us to extend earlier work on multiple-interval Renyi entropies and on the partition function in the separating degeneration limit.
Headrick, Matthew; Perlmutter, Eric; Zadeh, Ida G
Molecular states with hidden charm and strange in QCD Sum Rules
This work uses the QCD Sum Rules to study the masses of the $D_s \\bar{D}_s^*$ and $D_s^* \\bar{D}_s^*$ molecular states with quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 1^{+-}$. Interpolating currents with definite C-parity are employed, and the contributions up to dimension eight in the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) are taken into account. The results indicate that two hidden strange charmonium-like states may exist in the energy ranges of $3.83 \\sim 4.13 $ GeV and $4.22 \\sim 4.54 $ GeV, respectively. The hidden strange charmonium-like states predicted in this work may be accessible in future experiments, e.g. BESIII, BelleII and SuperB. Possible decay modes, which may be useful in further research, are predicted.
Cong-Feng Qiao; Liang Tang
Beam Halo Measurements at UMER and the JLAB FEL Using an Adaptive Masking Method
Beam halo is a chal�leng�ing issue for in�tense beams since it can cause beam loss, emit�tance growth, nu�cle�ar ac�ti�va�tion and sec�ondary elec�tron emis�sion. Be�cause of the po�ten�tial�ly low num�ber of par�ti�cles in the halo com�pared with beam core, tra�di�tion�al imag�ing meth�ods may not have suf�fi�cient con�trast to de�tect faint halos. We have de�vel�oped a high dy�nam�ic range, adap�tive mask�ing method to mea�sure halo using a dig�i�tal mi�cro-mir�ror array de�vice and demon�strat�ed its ef�fec�tive�ness ex�per�i�men�tal�ly on the Uni�ver�si�ty of Mary�land Elec�tron Ring (UMER). We also re�port on sim�i�lar ex�per�i�ments cur�rent�ly in progress at the Jef�fer�son Lab Free Elec�tron Laser (FEL) using this method.
Zhang, H D; Fiorito, R B; Kishek, R A; O& #x27; Shea, P G; Shkvarunets, A G; Benson, S V; Douglas, D; Wilson, F G
Temperature dependence of Quark and Gluon condensate In The Dyson-Schwinger Equations At Finite Temperature
Based on the Dyson-Schwinger Equations (DSEs) with zero- and finite temperature, the two quark condensate, the four quark condensate and quark gluon mixed condensate in non-perturbative QCD state are investigated by solving the DSEs respectively at zero and finite temperature. These condensates are important input parameters in QCD sum rule with zero and finite temperature and properties of hadronic study. The calculated results manifest that the three condensates are almost independent of the temperature below the critical point temperature $T_{c}$. The results also show that the chiral symmetry restoration is obtained above $T_{c}$. At the same time, we also calculate the ratio of the quark gluon mixed condensate to the two quark condensate which could be quark virtuality. The calculations show that the ratio $m^{2}_{0}(T)$ is almost flat in the region of temperature from $0$ to $T_{c}$, although there are drastic changes of the quark condensate and the quark gluon mixed condensate at this region of $T_{c}$.The predicted ratio comes out to be $m^{2}_{0}(T)= 2.41GeV^{2}$ for vacuum state at the Chiral limit, which suggests the significance that the quark gluon mixed condensate has played in OPE.
Zhou Li-Juan; Zheng Bo; Zhong Hong-wei; Ma Wei-xing
Sum rules for leading and subleading form factors in Heavy Quark Effective Theory using the non-forward amplitude
Within the OPE, we the new sum rules in Heavy Quark Effective Theory in the heavy quark limit and at order 1/m_Q, using the non-forward amplitude. In particular, we obtain new sum rules involving the elastic subleading form factors chi_i(w) (i = 1,2, 3) at order 1/m_Q that originate from the L_kin and L_mag perturbations of the Lagrangian. To the sum rules contribute only the same intermediate states (j^P, J^P) = ((1/2)^-, 1^-), ((3/2)^-, 1^-) that enter in the 1/m_Q^2 corrections of the axial form factor h_(A_1)(w) at zero recoil. This allows to obtain a lower bound on -delta_(1/m^2)^(A_1) in terms of the chi_i(w) and the shape of the elastic IW function xi(w). An important theoretical implication is that chi'_1(1), chi_2(1) and chi'_3(1) (chi_1(1) = chi_3(1) = 0 from Luke theorem) must vanish when the slope and the curvature attain their lowest values rho^2->3/4, sigma^2->15/16. These constraints should be taken into account in the exclusive determination of |V_(cb)|.
F. Jugeau; A. Le Yaouanc; L. Oliver; J. -C. Raynal
Using architecture information and real-time resource state to reduce power consumption and communication costs in parallel applications.
As computer systems grow in both size and complexity, the need for applications and run-time systems to adjust to their dynamic environment also grows. The goal of the RAAMP LDRD was to combine static architecture information and real-time system state with algorithms to conserve power, reduce communication costs, and avoid network contention. We devel- oped new data collection and aggregation tools to extract static hardware information (e.g., node/core hierarchy, network routing) as well as real-time performance data (e.g., CPU uti- lization, power consumption, memory bandwidth saturation, percentage of used bandwidth, number of network stalls). We created application interfaces that allowed this data to be used easily by algorithms. Finally, we demonstrated the benefit of integrating system and application information for two use cases. The first used real-time power consumption and memory bandwidth saturation data to throttle concurrency to save power without increasing application execution time. The second used static or real-time network traffic information to reduce or avoid network congestion by remapping MPI tasks to allocated processors. Results from our work are summarized in this report; more details are available in our publications [2, 6, 14, 16, 22, 29, 38, 44, 51, 54].
Brandt, James M.; Devine, Karen D. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Gentile, Ann C. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Leung, Vitus J. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Olivier, Stephen Lecler [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Pedretti, Kevin [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Bunde, David P. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM; Deveci, Mehmet; Catalyurek, Umit V.
A Natural Language for AdS/CFT Correlators
We provide dramatic evidence that 'Mellin space' is the natural home for correlation functions in CFTs with weakly coupled bulk duals. In Mellin space, CFT correlators have poles corresponding to an OPE decomposition into 'left' and 'right' sub-correlators, in direct analogy with the factorization channels of scattering amplitudes. In the regime where these correlators can be computed by tree level Witten diagrams in AdS, we derive an explicit formula for the residues of Mellin amplitudes at the corresponding factorization poles, and we use the conformal Casimir to show that these amplitudes obey algebraic finite difference equations. By analyzing the recursive structure of our factorization formula we obtain simple diagrammatic rules for the construction of Mellin amplitudes corresponding to tree-level Witten diagrams in any bulk scalar theory. We prove the diagrammatic rules using our finite difference equations. Finally, we show that our factorization formula and our diagrammatic rules morph into the flat space S-Matrix of the bulk theory, reproducing the usual Feynman rules, when we take the flat space limit of AdS/CFT. Throughout we emphasize a deep analogy with the properties of flat space scattering amplitudes in momentum space, which suggests that the Mellin amplitude may provide a holographic definition of the flat space S-Matrix.
Fitzpatrick, A.Liam; /Boston U.; Kaplan, Jared; /SLAC; Penedones, Joao; /Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Raju, Suvrat; /Harish-Chandra Res. Inst.; van Rees, Balt C.; /YITP, Stony Brook
unknown title
ABSTRACT: Crambe seed (Crambe abyssinica) is an excellent, recently established source of high-erucic acid oil. Erucic acid has a number of important and potential applications. To de-velop this potential, a rapid bench-scale method was desired whereby purified erucic acid in up to several 100-g quantities could be produced from crambe seed. Using the method devel-oped, oil was expressed from dried, intact seed; clarified, degummed, and bleached; and saponified and acidified to ob-tain the free fatty acids. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma of the free fatty acids showed negligible levels of phosphorus and most minerals. Erucic acid was twice crystallized from 95% ethanol at ?14�C, resulting in a purity of 87.1%. This process yielded 365 g erucic acid crystals per kg bleached oil. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the prepared erucic acid had an excellent pattern of correlation with a commercial standard. The time needed to convert 1 kg of crambe seed to erucic acid is about 48 h. Crystal filtration and drying stages under the current process conditions require 30 % of the overall time. The method is suitable for producing adequate quantities of erucic acid for use in studies of its bench-scale conversion. There is obviously, still, a fruitful field of work to be explored in the formalization of refining procedures for crambe oil. It seems that crambe is destined to continue expansion into the high-erucic acid oil markets.
unknown authors
Measurement of the Nucleon Structure Function F2 in the Nuclear Medium and Evaluation of its Moments
We report on the measurement of inclusive electron scattering off a carbon target performed with CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory. A combination of three different beam energies 1.161, 2.261 and 4.461 GeV allowed us to reach an invariant mass of the final-state hadronic system W~2.4 GeV with four-momentum transfers Q2 ranging from 0.2 to 5 GeV2. These data, together with previous measurements of the inclusive electron scattering off proton and deuteron, which cover a similar continuous two-dimensional region of Q2 and Bjorken variable x, permit the study of nuclear modifications of the nucleon structure. By using these, as well as other world data, we evaluated the F2 structure function and its moments. Using an OPE-based twist expansion, we studied the Q2-evolution of the moments, obtaining a separation of the leading-twist and the total higher-twist terms. The carbon-to-deuteron ratio of the leading-twist contributions to the F2 moments exhibits the well known EMC effect, compatible with that discovered previously in x-space. The total higher-twist term in the carbon nucleus appears, although with large systematic uncertainites, to be smaller with respect to the deuteron case for n<7, suggesting partial parton deconfinement in nuclear matter. We speculate that the spatial extension of the nucleon is changed when it is immersed in the nuclear medium.
M. Osipenko
Carbon-carbon bond cleavage of 1,2-hydroxy ethers b7 vanadium(V) dipicolinate complexes
The development of alternatives to current petroleum-based fuels and chemicals is becoming increasingly important due to concerns over climate change, growing world energy demand, and energy security issues. Using non-food derived biomass to produce renewable feedstocks for chemicals and fuels is a particularly attractive possibility. However, the majority of biomass is in the form of lignocellulose, which is often not fully utilized due to difficulties associated with breaking down both lignin and cellulose. Recently, a number of methods have been reported to transform cellulose directly into more valuable materials such as glucose, sorbitol, 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, and ethylene glycol. Less progress has been made with selective transformations of lignin, which is typically treated in paper and forest industries by kraft pulping (sodium hydroxide/sodium sulfide) or incineration. Our group has begun investigating aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage catalyzed by dipicolinate vanadium complexes, with the idea that a selective C-C cleavage reaction of this type could be used to produce valuable chemicals or intermediates from cellulose or lignin. Lignin is a randomized polymer containing methoxylated phenoxy propanol units. A number of different linkages occur naturally; one of the most prevalent is the {beta}-O-4 linkage shown in Figure 1, containing a C-C bond with 1,2-hydroxy ether substituents. While the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of 1,2-diols has been reported for a number of metals, including vanadium, iron, manganese, ruthenium, and polyoxometalate complexes, C-C bond cleavage of 1,2-hydroxy ethers is much less common. We report herein vanadium-mediated cleavage of C-C bonds between alcohol and ether functionalities in several lignin model complexes. In order to explore the scope and potential of vanadium complexes to effect oxidative C-C bond cleavage in 1,2-hydroxy ethers, we examined the reactivity of the lignin model complexes pinacol monomethyl ether (A), 2-phenoxyethanol (B), and 1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxyethanol (C) (Figure 1). Reaction of (dipic)V{sup V}(O)O{sup i}Pr (1a) or (dipic)V{sup v}(O)OEt (lb) with A, B, or C in acetonitrile yielded new vanadium(V) complexes where the alcohol-ether ligand was bound in a chelating fashion. From the reaction of 1b with pinacol monomethyl ether (A) in acetonitrile solution, (dipic)V{sup v}(O)(pinOMe) (2) (PinOMe = 2,3-dimethyl-3-methoxy-2-butanoxide) was isolated in 61 % yield. Reaction of 1b with 2-phenoxyethanol (B) in acetonitrile gave the new complex (dipic)V{sup v}(O)(OPE) (3) (OPE = 2-phenoxyethoxide), which was isolated in 76% yield. In a similar fashion, 1a reacted with 1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxyethanol (C) to give (dipic)V(O)(DPME) (4) (DPME = 1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxyethoxide), which was isolated in 39% yield. Complexes 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by {sup 1}H NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Compared to the previously reported vanadium(V) pinacolate complex (dipic)V(O)(pinOH) the X-ray structure of complex 2 reveals a slightly shorter V = O bond, 1.573(2) {angstrom} vs 1.588(2) {angstrom} for the pinOH structure. Complexes 3 and 4 display similar vanadium oxo bond distances of 1.568(2) {angstrom} and 1.576(2) {angstrom}, respectively. All three complexes show longer bonds to the ether-oxygen trans to the oxo (2.388(2) {angstrom} for 2, 2.547(2) {angstrom} for 3, and 2.438(2) {angstrom} for 4) than to the hydroxy-oxygen in the pinOH structure (2.252(2) {angstrom}).
Hanson, Susan K [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gordon, John C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Thorn, David L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Scott, Brian L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Baker, R Tom [Los Alamos National Laboratory
A solution space for a system of null-state partial differential equations 4
This article is the last of four that completely characterize a solution space $\\mathcal{S}_N$ for a homogeneous system of $2N+3$ linear partial differential equations (PDEs) in $2N$ variables that arises in conformal field theory (CFT) and multiple Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE). The system comprises $2N$ null-state equations and three conformal Ward identities that govern CFT correlation functions of $2N$ one-leg boundary operators. In the first two articles, we use methods of analysis and linear algebra to prove that $\\dim\\mathcal{S}_N\\leq C_N$, with $C_N$ the $N$th Catalan number. Building on these results in the third article, we prove that $\\dim\\mathcal{S}_N=C_N$ and $\\mathcal{S}_N$ is spanned by (real-valued) solutions constructed with the Coulomb gas (contour integral) formalism of CFT. In this article, we use these results to prove some facts concerning the solution space $\\mathcal{S}_N$. First, we show that each of its elements equals a sum of at most two distinct Frobenius series in powers of the difference between two adjacent points (unless $8/\\kappa$ is odd, in which case a logarithmic term may appear). This establishes an important element in the operator product expansion (OPE) for one-leg boundary operators, assumed in CFT. We also identify particular elements of $\\mathcal{S}_N$, which we call connectivity weights, and exploit their special properties to conjecture a formula for the probability that the curves of a multiple-SLE$_\\kappa$ process join in a particular connectivity. Finally, we propose a reason for why the "exceptional speeds" (certain $\\kappa$ values that appeared in the analysis of the Coulomb gas solutions in the third article) and the minimal models of CFT are connected.
Steven M. Flores; Peter Kleban
Real-Time Control of Diesel Combustion Quality
Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) and ORNL established this CRADA to improve heavy-duty engine efficiency with reduced emissions at relatively extreme operating regimes such has high EGR, low-load, and cold-start, with an emphasis on the application of advanced control strategies. The approach used in this collaborative effort was to include the application of novel analysis and modeling techniques devel-oped from the application of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. More specifically, analytical tech-niques derived from these theories were to used to detect, characterize, and control the combustion insta-bilities that are responsible for poor combustion performance and corresponding high emissions. The foundation of this CRADA was established based on ORNL expertise on the fundamentals of ad-vanced combustion operation and experience with nonlinear dynamics and controls in combustion sys-tems. The initial plan was all data generation would be performed at DDC with an agreed upon experi-mental plan formed by both organizations. While numerous experiments were performed at DDC and the data was exchanged with ORNL researchers, the team decided to transfer an engine to ORNL to allow more flexibility and data generation opportunities. A prototype DDC Series 60 with a common rail fuel system was selected and installed at ORNL. DDC and ORNL maintained a strong collaboration throughout much of this project. Direct funding from DOE ended in 2004 and DDC continued to fund at a reduced amount through 2007. This CRADA has not been funded in more recent years but has been maintained active in anticipation of restored funding. This CRADA has led to additional collaborations between DDC and ORNL.
Wagner, R.M.; Sisken, K (Detroit Diesel Corp.)
Hydrocarbon Observations and Ozone Production Rates in Western Houston During the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study
Measurements of total non-methane hydrocarbon in whole air canisters collected from the top of a skyscraper on the western edge of Houston, Texas are summarized with an emphasis on samples collected during the passage of plumes of O{sub 3} and the associated rapid increase in the mixing ratio of this species. The back-trajectories associated with these events showed a pronounced deceleration of air parcels over central and western Houston and were not necessarily associated with direct passage over the petrochemical plants located in the heavily industrialized eastern part of Houston. As a result of the time these air parcels spent over the central and western parts of Houston, their VOC mix and associated chemical production rates were expected to differ from similar observations made over eastern Houston from aircraft sampling at low altitudes. Although periods of high O{sub 3} in the western part of the city were closely associated with light alkenes, these same observations show isoprene to make a significant contribution to the total VOC reactivity in the early afternoon (the start of peak photochemical activity) in contrast to observations made east of our sampling site that found the reactivity to be dominated by anthropogenic species. By initializing a 0-dimensional chemical kinetic model with observations made at the Williams Tower, we find that the ozone production efficiency scaled linearly to the ratio of total hydrocarbons and NO{sub x}, with an average OPE of 7.2, ranging from 2.3 to 16.9; these values are smaller than those reported in eastern Houston, suggesting a strong gradient in photochemical productivity across the city.
Berkowitz, Carl M.; Spicer, Chet W.; Doskey, Paul V.
Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 2.
More information: http://daymet.ornl.gov Presenter: Ranjeet Devarakonda Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data and Climatological Summaries provides gridded estimates of daily weather parameters for North America, including daily continuous surfaces of minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation occurrence and amount, humidity, shortwave radiation, snow water equivalent, and day length. The current data product (Version 2) covers the period January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2013 [1]. The prior product (Version 1) only covered from 1980-2008. Data are available on a daily time step at a 1-km x 1-km spatial resolution in Lambert Conformal Conic projection with a spatial extent that covers the conterminous United States, Mexico, and Southern Canada as meteorological station density allows. Daymet data can be downloaded from 1) the ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) search and order tools (http://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/cart/add2cart.pl?add=1219) or directly from the DAAC FTP site (http://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1219) and 2) the Single Pixel Tool [2] and THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Data Services) Data Server [3]. The Single Pixel Data Extraction Tool allows users to enter a single geographic point by latitude and longitude in decimal degrees. A routine is executed that translates the (lon, lat) coordinates into projected Daymet (x,y) coordinates. These coordinates are used to access the Daymet database of daily-interpolated surface weather variables. Daily data from the nearest 1 km x 1 km Daymet grid cell are extracted from the database and formatted as a table with one column for each Daymet variable and one row for each day. All daily data for selected years are returned as a single (long) table, formatted for display in the browser window. At the top of this table is a link to the same data in a simple comma-separated text format, suitable for import into a spreadsheet or other data analysis software. The Single Pixel Data Extraction Tool also provides the option to download multiple coordinates programmatically. A multiple extractor script is freely available to download at http://daymet.ornl.gov/files/daymet.zip. The ORNL DAAC s THREDDS data server (TDS) provides customized visualization and access to Daymet time series of North American mosaics. Users can subset and download Daymet data via a variety of community standards, including OPeNDAP, NetCDF Subset service, and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map/Coverage Service. The ORNL DAAC TDS also exposes Daymet metadata through its ncISO service to facilitate harvesting Daymet metadata records into 3rd party catalogs. References: [1] Thornton, P.E., M.M. Thornton, B.W. Mayer, N. Wilhelmi, Y. Wei, R. Devarakonda, and R.B. Cook. 2014. Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 2. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. [2] Devarakonda R., et al. 2012. Daymet: Single Pixel Data Extraction Tool. Available on-line [http://daymet.ornl.go/singlepixel.html]. [3] Wei Y., et al. 2014. Daymet: Thematic Real-time Environmental Data Services. Available on-line [http://daymet.ornl.gov/thredds_tiles.html].
Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Thornton, Michele M [ORNL; Mayer, Benjamin W [ORNL; Wilhelmi, Nate [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); Wei, Yaxing [ORNL; Devarakonda, Ranjeet [ORNL; Cook, Robert B [ORNL
DOE SciDAC's Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies Final Report
The mission of the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is to provide the worldwide climate-research community with access to the data, information, model codes, analysis tools, and intercomparison capabilities required to make sense of enormous climate data sets. Its specific goals are to (1) provide an easy-to-use and secure web-based data access environment for data sets; (2) add value to individual data sets by presenting them in the context of other data sets and tools for comparative analysis; (3) address the specific requirements of participating organizations with respect to bandwidth, access restrictions, and replication; (4) ensure that the data are readily accessible through the analysis and visualization tools used by the climate research community; and (5) transfer infrastructure advances to other domain areas. For the ESGF, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET) team has led international development and delivered a production environment for managing and accessing ultra-scale climate data. This production environment includes multiple national and international climate projects (such as the Community Earth System Model and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project), ocean model data (such as the Parallel Ocean Program), observation data (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Best Estimate, Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, etc.), and analysis and visualization tools, all serving a diverse user community. These data holdings and services are distributed across multiple ESG-CET sites (such as ANL, LANL, LBNL/NERSC, LLNL/PCMDI, NCAR, and ORNL) and at unfunded partner sites, such as the Australian National University National Computational Infrastructure, the British Atmospheric Data Centre, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, the German Climate Computing Centre, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The ESGF software is distinguished from other collaborative knowledge systems in the climate community by its widespread adoption, federation capabilities, and broad developer base. It is the leading source for present climate data holdings, including the most important and largest data sets in the global-climate community, and - assuming its development continues - we expect it to be the leading source for future climate data holdings as well. Recently, ESG-CET extended its services beyond data-file access and delivery to include more detailed information products (scientific graphics, animations, etc.), secure binary data-access services (based upon the OPeNDAP protocol), and server-side analysis. The latter capabilities allow users to request data subsets transformed through commonly used analysis and intercomparison procedures. As we transition from development activities to production and operations, the ESG-CET team is tasked with making data available to all users seeking to understand, process, extract value from, visualize, and/or communicate it to others. This ongoing effort, though daunting in scope and complexity, will greatly magnify the value of numerical climate model outputs and climate observations for future national and international climate-assessment reports. The ESG-CET team also faces substantial technical challenges due to the rapidly increasing scale of climate simulation and observational data, which will grow, for example, from less than 50 terabytes for the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment to multiple Petabytes for the next IPCC assessment. In a world of exponential technological change and rapidly growing sophistication in climate data analysis, an infrastructure such as ESGF must constantly evolve if it is to remain relevant and useful. Regretfully, we submit our final report at the end of project funding. To continue to serve the climate-science community, we are
Williams, D N
Data Analysis
Analysis of the material protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A) system is necessary to understand the limits and vulnerabilities of the system to internal threats. A self-appraisal helps the facility be prepared to respond to internal threats and reduce the risk of theft or diversion of nuclear material. The material control and accountability (MC&A) system effectiveness tool (MSET) fault tree was developed to depict the failure of the MPC&A system as a result of poor practices and random failures in the MC&A system. It can also be employed as a basis for assessing deliberate threats against a facility. MSET uses fault tree analysis, which is a top-down approach to examining system failure. The analysis starts with identifying a potential undesirable event called a 'top event' and then determining the ways it can occur (e.g., 'Fail To Maintain Nuclear Materials Under The Purview Of The MC&A System'). The analysis proceeds by determining how the top event can be caused by individual or combined lower level faults or failures. These faults, which are the causes of the top event, are 'connected' through logic gates. The MSET model uses AND-gates and OR-gates and propagates the effect of event failure using Boolean algebra. To enable the fault tree analysis calculations, the basic events in the fault tree are populated with probability risk values derived by conversion of questionnaire data to numeric values. The basic events are treated as independent variables. This assumption affects the Boolean algebraic calculations used to calculate results. All the necessary calculations are built into the fault tree codes, but it is often useful to estimate the probabilities manually as a check on code functioning. The probability of failure of a given basic event is the probability that the basic event primary question fails to meet the performance metric for that question. The failure probability is related to how well the facility performs the task identified in that basic event over time (not just one performance or exercise). Fault tree calculations provide a failure probability for the top event in the fault tree. The basic fault tree calculations establish a baseline relative risk value for the system. This probability depicts relative risk, not absolute risk. Subsequent calculations are made to evaluate the change in relative risk that would occur if system performance is improved or degraded. During the development effort of MSET, the fault tree analysis program used was SAPHIRE. SAPHIRE is an acronym for 'Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations.' Version 1 of the SAPHIRE code was sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 1987 as an innovative way to draw, edit, and analyze graphical fault trees primarily for safe operation of nuclear power reactors. When the fault tree calculations are performed, the fault tree analysis program will produce several reports that can be used to analyze the MPC&A system. SAPHIRE produces reports showing risk importance factors for all basic events in the operational MC&A system. The risk importance information is used to examine the potential impacts when performance of certain basic events increases or decreases. The initial results produced by the SAPHIRE program are considered relative risk values. None of the results can be interpreted as absolute risk values since the basic event probability values represent estimates of risk associated with the performance of MPC&A tasks throughout the material balance area (MBA). The RRR for a basic event represents the decrease in total system risk that would result from improvement of that one event to a perfect performance level. Improvement of the basic event with the greatest RRR value produces a greater decrease in total system risk than improvement of any other basic event. Basic events with the greatest potential for system risk reduction are assigned performance improvement values, and new fault tree calculations show the improvement in total system risk. The ope
Powell, Danny H [ORNL] [ORNL; Elwood Jr, Robert H [ORNL] [ORNL
Experimental Measurement of the Flow Field of Heavy Trucks
Flat flaps that enclose the trailer base on the sides and top are known to reduce truck drag and reduce fuel consumption. Such flapped-truck geometries have been studied in laboratory wind tunnels and in field tests. A recent review of wind tunnel data for a variety of truck geometries and flow Reynolds numbers show roughly similar values of peak drag reduction, but differ in the determination of the optimum flap angle. Optimum angles lie in the range 12 degrees-20 degrees, and may be sensitive to Reynolds number and truck geometry. The present field test is undertaken to provide additional estimates of the magnitude of the savings to be expected on a typical truck for five flap angles 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 degrees. The flaps are constructed from a fiberglass-epoxy-matrix material and are one-quarter of the base width in length (about 61 cm, or 2 feet). They are attached along the rear door hinge lines on either side of the trailer, so that no gap appears at the joint between the flap and the side of the trailer The flap angle is adjusted by means of two aluminum supports. The present test is performed on the NASA Crows Landing Flight Facility at the northern end of the San Joaquin valley in California. The main runway is approximately 2400 meters in length, and is aligned approximately in a north-south direction The test procedure is to make a series of runs starting at either end of the runway. All runs are initiated under computer control to accelerate the truck to a target speed of 60 mph (96 6 km/hr), to proceed at the target speed for a fixed distance, and to decelerate at the far end of the runway. During a run, the broadcast fuel rate, the engine rpm, forward speed, elapsed time--as well as several other parameters (10 in all)--are digitized at a rate of 100 digitizations per second. Various flapped-conditions are interspersed with the ''no flaps'' control, and are sequenced in a different order on different days. Approximately 310 runs are accumulated over the 5-day test period, May 17-21, 2004. The runway slopes rather uniformly upward from north-to-south. Over the distance of 2424 meters between our two ''start'' markers at either end of the runway, the net change in elevation is a little over ten meters. Test results clearly show the greater fuel consumption required to lift the truck against gravity in the southbound direction For this reason, it is important that the tests be averaged over a round trip circuit--that is, a run in both directions over the identical portion of the roadway. Northbound-southbound averages require an overlap segment of the runway (near the middle of the runway) where the truck--starting from either end--has achieved its target speed. For the target truck speed of 60 mph, this overlap region is approximately 700 meters in length. Typically a run and the return run are accomplished within a time interval of 6 minutes. Analysis of the data show fuel consumption savings at all flap angle settings tested, when compared to the ''no flaps'' condition. The most beneficial flap angle appears to be 13 degrees, for which the fuel consumption is 0.3778 {+-} 0.0025 liters/km compared to the ''no flaps'' control of 0.3941 {+-} 0.0034 liters/km. The error bounds expressed above mark the 99% confidence interval in the mean values given. That is, additional estimates of the mean fuel consumption would be expected to lie within the bounds given, approximately 99% of the time. The fuel consumption saving is--to reasonable accuracy--about 1.63 liters/100 kilometers. These savings represent the increment associated only with the change in drag due to the presence or absence of flaps. The result will hold for any truck of similar size and shape and engine performance regardless of the loading of the truck or the rolling resistance. The economy achieved by use of base flaps can be compared to the economy resulting from driving two trucks in a tandem configuration. In December 2003, such fuel consumption tests were performed at the same Crows Landing testsite. In the tests, two identical trucks are ope
Fred Browand; Charles Radovich
Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation Processing of Aluminum Alloys
Metals with grain sizes smaller than 1-micrometer have received much attention in the past decade. These materials have been classified as ultra fine grain (UFG) materials (grain sizes in the range of 100 to 1000-nm) and nano-materials (grain size <100-nm) depending on the grain size. This report addresses the production of bulk UFG metals through the use of severe plastic deformation processing, and their subsequent use as stock material for further thermomechanical processing, such as forging. A number of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods for producing bulk UFG metals have been developed since the early 1990s. The most promising of these processes for producing large size stock that is suitable for forging is the equal channel angular extrusion or pressing (ECAE/P) process. This process involves introducing large shear strain in the work-piece by pushing it through a die that consists of two channels with the same cross-sectional shape that meet at an angle to each other. Since the cross-sections of the two channels are the same, the extruded product can be re-inserted into the entrance channel and pushed again through the die. Repeated extrusion through the ECAE/P die accumulates sufficient strain to breakdown the microstructure and produce ultra fine grain size. It is well known that metals with very fine grain sizes (< 10-micrometer) have higher strain rate sensitivity and greater elongation to failure at elevated temperature, exhibiting superplastic behavior. However, this superplastic behavior is usually manifest at high temperature (> half the melting temperature on the absolute scale) and very low strain rates (< 0.0001/s). UFG metals have been shown to exhibit superplastic characteristics at lower temperature and higher strain rates, making this phenomenon more practical for manufacturing. This enables part unitization and forging more complex and net shape parts. Laboratory studies have shown that this is particularly true for UFG metals produced by SPD techniques. This combination of properties makes UFG metals produced by SPD very attractive as machining, forging or extrusion stock, both from the point of view of formability as well as energy and cost saving. However, prior to this work there had been no attempt to transfer these potential benefits observed in the laboratory scale to industrial shop floor. The primary reason for this was that the laboratory scale studies had been conducted to develop a scientific understanding of the processes that result in grain refinement during SPD. Samples that had been prepared in the laboratory scale were typically only about 10-mm diameter and 50-mm long (about 0.5-inch diameter and 2-inches long). The thrust of this project was three-fold: (i) to show that the ECAE/P process can be scaled up to produce long samples, i.e., a continuous severe plastic deformation (CSPD) process, (ii) show the process can be scaled up to produce large cross section samples that could be used as forging stock, and (iii) use the large cross-section samples to produce industrial size forgings and demonstrate the potential energy and cost savings that can be realized if SPD processed stock is adopted by the forging industry. Aluminum alloy AA-6061 was chosen to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach used. The CSPD process developed using the principles of chamber-less extrusion and drawing, and was demonstrated using rolling and wire drawing equipment that was available at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In a parallel effort, ECAE/P dies were developed for producing 100-mm square cross section SPD billets for subsequent forging. This work was carried out at Intercontinental Manufacturing Co. (IMCO), Garland TX. Forging studies conducted with the ECAE/P billets showed that many of the potential benefits of using UFG material can be realized. In particular, the material yield can be increased, and the amount of material that is lost as scrap can be reduced by as much as 50%. Forging temperatures can also be reduced by over 150�C, resulting in energy savings in the ope
Raghavan Srinivasan (PI); Prabir K. Chaudhury; Balakrishna Cherukuri; Qingyou Han; David Swenson; Percy Gros
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