text:
Deviant Art
Tangential AsymptotesI think about falling in math class.Tangential Asymptotes4 years ago in Flash Fiction & Vignettes More Like This
The boy in front of me is writing diligently, noting each and every word as though he forgot it was all in the textbook. He has dark hair all tangled up in the back like a bramble of thornbushes and his green hoodie looks like it could use a good washing.
The professor is rattling on about asymptotes, about two lines that go on forever, getting closer and closer but never touching. He tells us about the Greek roots of the word; asymptotos, that it means "not falling together," and he scribbles nonsense equations on the board and hopes that we understand them better than he does because tenure is the only reason he's teaching this class.
As much as I hate math, I have to admit there's something beautiful about the concept. Something romantic and longing, something I can relate to in a sea of cold precision and dispassionate numbers.
I think about falling in math class. I think about fractals and their intricate patterns, turning equations into art. T
Confessions Of A Broken Record PlayerIn those few pure moments before I go to sleep, when I am exposed to my innermost thoughts and fantasies, I cry from all the hurt I feel. The middle of the night is the saddest time of any day. It forces me to reminisce the sad times and - even worse - the happy times. Playing the experiences back through my mind like a broken record player, reopening the wounds that I am so desperately trying to heal.Confessions Of A Broken Record Player2 years ago in Emotional More Like This
And then, when my mind starts to merge together random pieces of information from the previous day, I forget about the hurt and I start dreaming.
For many people who want to forget the world, this is a state of bliss. Dreams are a safe way to temporarily escape from the life you have - you can achieve the impossible. You can climb mountains, fly, make friends with celebrities and beat up the people that hurt you. And when you wake up, all is forgotten.
Not for me.
When I finally escape from those memories and fears deep-rooted in my mind, I face the nightmares.
Have you ever experienced
Look Into My Eyes {PHAN}Disclaimer: I do not own Dan Howell (danisnotonfire) or Phil Lester (AmazingPhil)Look Into My Eyes {PHAN}2 years ago in Short Stories More Like This
Phil put out his hands, attempting to feel around the space beside him, trying to find where Dan was.
"Dan?" he called out, still trying to find out where he was.
Phil was blind after being in a accident a few years ago and Dan was the only person that stayed with him throughout the hard times, always looking out for him and standing up for him when people purposely sent him in wrong directions or tripped him up, and in all honesty.. Phil truly did love Dan, as in, proper love, but he couldn't lose him. He was the most important person in the world to him and losing Dan one day due to him just having a crush on him simply terrified Phil, he couldn't imagine life without him.
"Sorry, I'm right here, Philly." Dan sat back down on the couch next to Phil grasping his hands. "I just went to the kitchen to throw something away."
He smiled at Phil. He knew that Phil cou
On Concrete DetailsLook, I'm not gonna waste time – there is a scale, running the length of Abstract to Concrete, that poetic details fall under. And most writers fall far to the left on the Abstract side.On Concrete Details2 years ago in Editorial More Like This
This is not a good thing.
You may think you're being universal, that using general terms like sadness or love or pain accurately conveys your meaning to the widest array of people possible, but you're wrong. So wrong, that I'm making a passive-aggressive
ranttutorial about it. Your definition of sadness is not my definition of sadness. I do not love who or what you love, not with the same intensity. My pain tolerance is much higher than yours.
But I'm speaking in generalities myself now; examples are the best way to explicate.
Let's start with one I'm constantly tripping over in the Browse Literature category: SADNESS.
She couldn't stop crying.
It's hard to go on without a heart.
My heart felt heavy.
It hurts to smile.
InfernoSeptember is a sultry tangleInferno3 years ago in Free Verse More Like This
of curly hair and corduroy jackets stretched
over broad shoulders that I've been leaning on,
He won't press for answers
and I won't trouble him with my problems.
So he complains about the weather
he's never gotten used to these sticky, southern delta summers
while I hold the door
and press the call button.
The half-lit elevator drops us off above Dante's first layer.
I feel sorry for anyone beneath,
but I've indulgences to buy
and my own hell to return to.
But there's a light in my pocket
abandon not all hope,
No villains, no victims"No villains, no victims" sounds like an odd rule at first – you need a good guy and bad guy, right? The reader needs someone to cheer for and against. Some things are always unforgivable, and the accused is always beyond redemption.No villains, no victims2 years ago in Editorial More Like This
Well, yes and no.
Most stories do have clear-cut good guys and bad guys. We like seeing our hero win and our villain get what's coming to him. What you don't want to do is make your characters so obviously one way or the other. Clear-cut is boring. Now, let me qualify that statement:
When I say not to make them "obviously" good or bad, I do not mean to make their characters ambiguous. I mean that you need to bring your hero down and your villain up. Any writing guide will tell you that the hero needs a few flaws to keep him relatable, but I'll take that a step further; we hate perfect people.
We do. We hate that archetype. Be it the perky cheerleader on top of the pyramid, the one guy who always gets p
Monstrous ThoughtsMonster. I'm the monster in the dreams of a child. The being that looms. Darkens and consumes. Out of all those in this living world, why am IMonstrous Thoughts2 years ago in Emotional More Like This
The consumer?
MY safety in the swallow. I don't hide in embrace, I hide in my own self; others.
There is no safety for me in weakness, none but loss.
So I am strong. I take. I feel.
Oh do I feel. A cold hand against a hot face.
"Why would you do that, huh? Why would you eat them? You're not supposed to do that you freak!"
It's my own hand... mine. My words...
"They don't like it. Only in your sick mind are they... safe."
Please, c-can I? Won't you please not be scared?
I want...
I want... to keep you safe. Say "Hushhhh..." let it linger. Sleep in my hold. The cold hand is warm over my belly when within lies a friend.
Don't tell me I'm bad. Please don't.
It hurts.
Don't tell me I'm selfish, I already know that. I want this...
And I want you...
but I want to protect.
Hockey- Jean HobbsJack's P.O.VHockey- Jean Hobbs2 years ago in General Fiction More Like This
I woke up at 6 o'clock; time to get ready for school. It's Wednesday, I have early start. Kill me now. I roll out of bed and hit the floor with a thud; I pick myself up from the floor and head towards the shower.
8am, period 0, physical education aka sport. Mr. Drake has just told us which sport we're going to do for the next 5 weeks, Hockey. I am so uncoordinated, how am I supposed to play a sport that involves hitting a ball with a stick? I'll just have to suck it up I guess, it's not like he'll change sports just because I'm not good at it. I'm handed a blue and silver stick, a fluro orange ball and told to partner up. The problem with this isn't that I don't have friends, I have many friends, the problem is that I only have 4 friends in my sports class. Those 4 friends always partner up as they are all best friends, which leaves me the odd one out who has to partner up with a kid who is either really ann
Metaphorically SpeakingPeople are like books;Metaphorically Speaking2 years ago in Haiku & Eastern More Like This
full of stories and easily
broken at the spine.
Wonderland Poem~Wonderland~Wonderland Poem6 years ago in Other More Like This
Come on Alice, it's time to play.
The nobel White Rabbit will lead your way.
And inside the rugged looking glass,
will take you back into your past.
Where Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum,
will laugh and play, and sing their songs.
Then go have tea with Hatter Madd,
your company will make him glad.
The Catterpiller waits for you,
ontop the old yellow shrome.
To tell you of that wich you seek,
from tall and grand, to small and meek.
Smile wide the cheaser cat,
then disapear into the black.
Your curious, is that so bad?
after all we all are Mad.
Twisted Red Queen,
hear her howl.
Manners Alice,
you must bow.
For if she's angered,
I do dread.
The end will be,
"Off with their heads!"
Diary Of A FailureHi, I'm a failure. I never got to do anything spectacular in my life or got to see any spectacular places, but at least I still get to suffer with the rest of them. Every moment of my life won't be photographed by some paparazzo wearing glasses, a vest, and leather pants. I won't have to put up with millions of people constantly asking me stupid questions like, "How old are you?" or "What's your phone number?" because I won't be able to know what that's like, and that's okay. I won't be forced to pose for magazine covers and gain more of an amount of money that's too large to count or know what to do with. I won't be at the mercy of different labels and brands when I make a simple error such as saying a racial slur or calling some long-haired hippie a bad name. My life won't be televised for all the Earth to see because I'll be living in some group home somewhere living out the rest of my days in freedom-driven exile. I won't have to face the intolerable task of telling people what toDiary Of A Failure2 years ago in Emotional More Like This
I hate herI hate how she thinks she's helping me.I hate her2 years ago in Emotional More Like This
I hate how she thinks she's there for me.
I hate how she thinks she understands.
I hate how insensitive she is.
I hate how she only thinks about herself.
I hate how proud she is about it.
I hate how she ignores the problems that come up when we disagree.
I hate how she doesn't even PRETEND to give a DAMN of what I work hard for.
I hate how unoriginal she is.
I hate how she follows the crowd.
I hate how she judges people based on what they wear, say, how many friends they have, what society thinks of them.
I hate her stupid stupid obsession with taking a whole bunch of pictures that all look the same and put them ALL on facebook for everybody to see.
I hate how she treats me like a dog.
I hate how she can get irritated about things but apparently I don't have permission.
I hate how she hides being mad at me, she lies.
I hate how she never lets me decide.
I hate her family.
I hate her point of view.
I hate her way of living.
I hate k
HyperawareI know the thumping of blood in my fingers,Hyperaware2 years ago in Free Verse More Like This
the twinge in my back,
the tension behind my calves far too well.
The bristle of cold is too much
but the silence without the fan is suffocating.
My blankets are too heavy,
settled over my torso like the rock in my chest
but I can't sleep without the weight.
This awareness is a manifestation of my longing;
for your hands in my hair,
your warmth at my spine,
your shoes on my floor.
This is what I feel when I can't feel you –
palpitations, vibrations,
fixations that drive me to insomnia.
Only the trains are any comfort,
plowing away into the night
screaming here I am; there I go
like world-weary tramps moving just to be moving.
Like you, working just to be working,
burning midnight oil and paper
when you could be breathing fire down my neck.
Diary of the Mad HatterDiary dear, today, oh today was the grandest of days!Diary of the Mad Hatter4 years ago in Urban & Spoken Word More Like This
I discovered I can live a whole different way!
Instead of living on tea and insight
I can thrive simply on a person's eyes!
Quite a surprise one cannot eat eyes
Yet it fulfills me indeed it is divine.
Diary dear, today was not grand.
It rained on my party, the tea was too bland.
The hare got the flu and the door mouse too!
Oh, but there was a sweet moment I'll share with just you.
She came to visit, to bring them each soup.
Apparently it has magical healing powers
I knew not, and care not, since she stayed for hours!
I now like soup and it's watery texture.
But only hers, it is supremely better.
Diary dear, I've some intriguing news.
The tailor refuses to make shoes!
I asked and I pleaded
Got down a knee, and yet he wouldn't listen to me.
But then she arrives, and he jumps to her aid.
And when she asked, oh the difference that made.
Ha! To the tailor, I love my new shoes.
And a deepest thank you, to the w
Stories of feelings with no names - Revision i.Stories of feelings with no names - Revision2 years ago in Short Stories More Like This
The feeling you get the day after sending a letter, and you know there is no possible way that the recipient has received your message, let alone formulated time to write a reply. You still get just a little hopeful when you hear the mailman drive by. You rush out to the postbox a little too quickly and are disappointed by the pile of free coupons, bills, charity flyers, and a late Christmas card from your late Grandma Moses.
You lost your voice one day. You woke up to a hollow echo in the base your throat and knew you'd lost something special before you'd ever had a chance to say anything worthwhile. You checked under the bed and tried the lost and found, but couldn't even ask if anyone had heard it lately.
A sudden awareness that occurs during funerals that you are going to die. You are dying right now – your cells are shedding like snakeskin and your hair is turning silver and every moment is one less than
JackassA punch in the face,Jackass5 years ago in Traditional Fixed Forms More Like This
a kick to the balls.
A scream out of pain,
mocking from all your friends.
You're a Jackass.
A dangerous stunt,
one stupid decision.
A funny devil cotume,
a prank on the public.
You're a Jackass.
A Party Boy dance,
a skate trick in the street.
A bloody car wash,
do a 'shopping cart' on the curb.
You're a Jackass.
Pukey omelets,
and umbrella leaps.
Swallowing goldfish,
stapling your butt cheeks.
You're a Jackass.
Unrated and crazy,
a laugh every minute.
Knoxville, Margera, and more,
destroying things never seemed so cool.
Who wouldn't love
being a Jackass!
Haunting DreamMemories I have not seen before take a hold of my emotions.Haunting Dream2 years ago in Emotional More Like This
It whispers faintly, but wavers heavily on my heart.
Images of the past lie before me.
Mixed with abstract depictions
A cruel recipe.
I surrender to this reminiscion
Falling ill with nostalgia sickness.
Such a strange sense of comfort.
Deep within me, I know what this must mean.
Underneath this exaggerated scene lies bittersweet truths.
This haunting dream
It lingers on my mind.
The way things used to be . . .
The genuine happiness I felt with a special friend.
We have drifted apart.
Even mentioning your name makes me tearful.
Could we possibly ever be together again like before?
Or have we both changed too much for it to be a reality?
I wish to be with you again.
But time has passed on for far too long.
Fond memories have become hazy.
I'm afraid of forgetting.
So I cling to them in desperation.
I have a feeling this haunting dream will come again.
Paper PlanesWe use to fold paper planes togetherPaper Planes1 year ago in Free Verse More Like This
By the dinner table after supper.
Once we finished we would write our deepest desires into them
And then throw them into open space.
We would watch as they glided their way
Across the plains.
We would see which one of our planes flew the farthest.
Which one of our dreams went further.
But that too
Like everything in life.
I got older
But I never grew up.
I got busy.
And you did too.
Our conversations now can be put into three categories:
Greetings, food and farewells.
Somehow, we're both okay with that.
I sometimes pray to the same God that you say you once knew
To the one you still wear around neck
In hopes that maybe, one day,
Things will return
To how they once were.
See, 'cause the plane that was suppose
To take me from my child to adulthood
Still hasn't landed. Delayed
By a storm I cannot define.
And I don't plan on ever leaving the roof
Above me.
How could I? When I feel
So safe,
volcanoesand i smelt of ash.volcanoes4 years ago in Free Verse More Like This
that night, coming home. there had been
books, saved from the
fire, i learnt
as we watched it
die down. hands held, somewhat.
and my unmasked face;
basking in the glow
of the manuscript
of our romance,
still uncompleted.
played a shadow
across your face. i could have
touched you
even then. as a spectator
to my
future sainthood. it seemed
god was further from me
ever. as our
former lives
burned. and all our
most important
in that blaze of lovelier
words; we said sorry
it had taken a week to salvage
the ruins.
InsanityWhy hello there insanityInsanity7 years ago in Free Verse More Like This
Let me walk you 'round the floor
If you look off to your left
you'll see the girl i was before.
The tiles might be broken
But its nothing time can't fix
But if you think its art-work
Then all the broken parts will mix.
And the doorknobs may not work
But you can crawl through like spies
The holes you made with your fist
Are looking just your size.
The mirror in the hallway
Has seen some better days
And although you may see yourself
It's not uncommon to also see haze.
And the windows may be drafty
But i promise its not too cold
And if you can deal with that
I'm sure that you'll be sold.
And you see here in the closet
That the lightswitch doesn't work
But that only because
There are inner demons that lurk.
The picture frames are empty
But thats only an attempt to forget
All the fun i once had
And the soul that I once bet.
There's shattered glass in the bedroom
From when you told it was goodbye
And i let the bird out of it's cage
Knowing it would die.
But the basem
State of MindThey buried her today.State of Mind3 years ago in Short Stories More Like This
I stood in the crowd, all of us dressed in blacks. I straightened my tie nervously as ladies I didn't know in big, veiled hats exchanged soft, sad words about what a shame it was. How she'd been so brilliant, how she'd had such a full life ahead of her. Ladies that didn't even know her.
There was a coffin, but there wasn't much in it. They didn't open the casket either, like they did sometimes. The man at the funeral home had said there was a limit to how much they could make fit for viewing, and I didn't really blame him for not even trying.
"This sucks," Cindy told me. We were sat at one of the cheap metal tables they roll out for occasions like this, both of us with a glass of alcohol in our hands. I hadn't asked if it was wine or something else. Didn't care.
"Yeah," I agreed, tone muted. We exchanged a look, Cindy's eyes heavy and ringed, her face lined in stress like a mirror of my own. Together, we drank. It was white wine, dry, about a 4. She would have li
Modern LolitaShe falls in love with the orange glow of his cigarette in the blue night. His right hand finds hers as they fly through a sea of red and white lights, the car filled with his smoke. Their destination this night is his past that intrigues her, is the place that he finally escaped, and she's a little nervous.Modern Lolita3 years ago in Flash Fiction & Vignettes More Like This
Late to every destination they fumble with the room keys in the cold dark, only bother unpacking toothbrushes, lingerie, and lube. They make love in sparsely furnished motels, throw familiar clothes into unfamiliar closets, obsess over each other's bodies into sweaty sunrises and empty orgasms.
When they take walks hand in hand their age difference is blaring to others and sometimes to her. She feels so incredibly young when he talks of life's exhaustions, Jimi, and how long he's been a smoker. She suspects he feels the generation divide when she praises Lana del Rey and when she purchases the newest fashion, but--
"Goddamn, baby." He licks his fingers as he drives and she pants; t
Phan - CensoredTitle: CensoredPhan - Censored3 years ago in Short Stories More Like This
Pairing: Phan
Author: MC Dusanic
Genre: Romance
Rating: G
Censored, that what Phil made Dan.
Dan tried to limit his swearing and now he only bought the radio edits or clean versions. Phil was so pure and clean, and Dan cherished this fact, he needed someone to purify his dirty past.
That was a lie, though. Dan's past was normal, average if anything. Yet he felt too exposed to dirt, scum, alcohol, and drugs. Now when he's living with Phil, this exposure has narrowed until it was no more.
Dan never wanted that to change.
But Dan felt censored in another sense. He now couldn't say the one thing he wanted the most. Dan wouldn't even allow himself to drink, because liquid courage would probably make him spit those words out and damage their perfectly clean and censored relationship.
Dan never wanted that to change.
He didn't want to spoil the ripened fruit.
He also hated metaphors.
Open, that's what Dan made Phil. Phil could tell Dan nearly anything, because unlike
Obsessive Compulsive DisorderWhen I was little, it use to amaze me how colors were made. In art class I would sit and mix paint because blue and red didn't stay the same when they fell in love. Every single color found its match and danced beautifully as I swirled them together. Black and white were my favorites. I'd pour the creamy paint into a bowl and watch as black and white swirls, turned into grey swirls and owned the container holding it captive. Grey was amazing to me. Because black and white are nothing alike, and grey is in the middle. Black is dark and scary and demanding. And white is graceful, and trusting, and clean. Grey is nothing. Grey is bland. And safe. Grey is careful. And I would do anything to be grey.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder4 years ago in Emotional More Like This
Friendship is black and turns to ash in my hands. It is dust, so hard to hold. I am keeping still so none escapes, but it feels like at any moment, the wind will kick up and steal it all away. Every move I make is monitored and judged. I am wary about my words and am second guessing everything.
|Sta.sh Submit


text:
The Artistic Guild of the Wedding Photojournalist Association is a distinct division within the Wedding Photojournalist Association (WPJA). The AG|WPJA focuses strictly on the artistic and "fine art" aspects of wedding photojournalism.
Looking for more photographers in Italy? Show all Italy Photographers
EurosLuigi Rota
Lake Como, Lecco in Lombardy, Italy
Luigi Rota is a wedding photographer in Lecco (lake of Como) and has been for 20 years. His showroom and photographic office are situated in Lecco. Luigi is the owner of Fotorota Company, born in 1970. In 2007 he...Read More
EurosNew Image Officina d'Immagine: Daniele Caponi
Bergamo in Lombardy, Italy
A lively creative curiosity has always marked out the photography of Daniele Caponi. He has been a professional photographer since 1991. Together with his wife Adonella, an indispensable component of the New Image...Read More
EurosGiovanna Corti
Voghera in Lombardy, Italy
EurosNicola Nesi
Como in Lombardy, Italy
I started my own business in 1998 and now I specialize in weddings. I love the story, capture the moments, tell, excite. I travel all over Italy and abroad...Read More
EurosFederico Fasano
Milan in Lombardy, Italy
Federico Fasano is an Italian photographer who has been professionally active for over 10 years, based in Milan. Federico loves weddings and the emotions of that day. He prefers reportage, capturing moments as a...Read More
EurosVeronica Masserdotti
Brescia in Lombardy, Italy
EurosMichele Dell'utri
Milan in Lombardy, Italy
EurosRaccontareconlaluce: Andrea Biganzoli
Biandronno in Lombardy, Italy
If you choose one of our AG|WPJA Lombardy artistic wedding photojournalists as your wedding photographer, please let them know you found them through the Artistic Guild of the Wedding Photojournalist Association.
The AG|WPJA at a glance: The Artistic Guild of the Wedding Photojournalist Association puts the best Lombardy fine art wedding photojournalism at your fingertips, by granting membership only to the most artistic Lombardy wedding photojournalists. These Lombardy wedding photographers focus solely on using their documentary photography skills to capture 'the moments' of your wedding day, and enliven them further with post-production image enhancements.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Page 1
Mapping brain maturation and
cognitive development during
Toma ´s ˇ Paus1,2
1Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
2Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Non-invasive mapping of brain structure and function
with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened up
unprecedented opportunities for studying the neural
substrates underlying cognitive development. There is
out adolescence in the volume of white matter, both
global and local. There is less agreement on the meaning
of asynchronous age-related decreases in the volume of
grey matter in different cortical regions; these might
equally represent loss ('pruning') or gain (intra-cortical
myelination) of tissue. Functional MRI studies have so
far focused mostly on executive functions, such as work-
ing memory and behavioural inhibition, with very few
addressing questions regarding the maturation of social
cognition. Future directions for research in this area are
discussed in the context of processing biological motion
and matching perceptions and actions.
Adolescence represents a major transition that takes place
over most of the second decade of human life. It is the final
phase of a prolonged pattern of growth and maturation,
which have emerged late in the evolution of our species
and may confer an evolutionary advantage by providing
ample time for the maturation of the brain and its cog-
nitive apparatus before it reaches the full potential of a
young adult (e.g. [1–3]). In the shift from a caregiver-
dependentchild to a fullyautonomousadult,theadolescent
undergoesmultiple changes in physical growth, physiology,
and cognitive and emotional skills. As reviewed in the
affect, reasoning and decision making, and action is one of
the vital elements in adolescent development. This review
focuses on current trends in the use of non-invasive
techniques for brain mapping to further our understand-
ing of brain–behaviour relationships during this period of
human development. This is the first step towards study-
ing the forces present in the subject's environment and/or
genome that act on the neural substrate underlying
complex behaviours of an adolescent.
Recent technological and conceptual advances have
dramatically increased our ability to relate structural and
functional maturation of the adolescent brain to that of
the adolescent's behaviour. On the technology side, mag-
neticresonance imaging(MRI) representsamajoradvance;
it allows us to measure in vivo subtle inter-individual
differences in brain structure and to assess activity in
distinct neural circuits from birth to adulthood. The
concept of modular organization of the primate cerebral
cortex is, arguably, the most fruitful heuristic framework
for mapping function onto structure: distinct areas of the
In this context, the importance of neural connectivity for
smooth communication across specialized brain regions is
localization of structural and functional changes in special-
ized grey-matter regions, as well as the assessment of
structural and functional integrity of white-matter path-
ways that connect them. Put together with the 'modular-
circuit' view of the primate brain, we can start mapping
maturational changes in brain–behaviour relationships
during adolescence.
Brain structure during adolescent development
Over the past decade, structural-MRI studies have pro-
in the volume of grey and white matter of typically deve-
loping children and adolescents. These studies provide
T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W) and proton-
density-weighted (PDW) images of the brain (Box 1).
Box 1. Structural MRI
Contrast in structural MR images is based on local differences in
proton density (PD), that is, in the number of hydrogen nuclei per
unit of tissue volume, or in either of the following two relaxation
times: (i) longitudinal relaxation time (T1); and (ii) transverse
relaxation time (T2). Local differences in relaxation times are
reflected in the image contrast because, at a given measurement
time, the MR signal has already recovered more in regions with a
short T1, or decayed more in regions with a short T2. For this reason,
tissue with short T1 (white matter) shows a high MR signal and
appears bright on T1-weighted images, whereas tissue with long T2
(grey matter) shows a high signal and is bright in T2-weighted
images (for details, see [7]; see also Box 2).
Corresponding author: Paus, T. (email@example.com).
Available online 6 January 2005
TRENDS in Cognitive SciencesVol.9 No.2 February 2005
www.sciencedirect.com1364-6613/$ - see front matter Q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.008
Page 2
Structural images are colour-coded representations of
MR signals measured throughout the brain and localized
into individual 3D elements of the brain image (voxels). It
is then relatively straightforward to apply computational
approaches to quantify a variety of morphometric features
using fully automatic procedures (see Figure 1; Box 2;
reviewed in [6]). In this way, one can measure volumes of
grey and white matter in the whole brain and its main
subdivisions (e.g. frontal lobe), size or volume of well-
demarcated brain regions (e.g. corpus callosum or caudate
nucleus), variations in the shape of large (e.g. frontal pole)
or small (e.g. cingulate sulcus) morphological entities or
variations in the cortical thickness. Voxel-wise compari-
sons of various age (or clinical) groups are used to assess
the 'density' of grey and white matter.
to the morphometry of the adolescent brain has already
yielded some interesting insights. In the following section,
only results obtained in the most recent or large-sample
studies are reviewed; more comprehensive reviews can be
found elsewhere (e.g. [7–9]).
Developmental findings: white matter
Smooth flow of information throughout the brain depends
to a great extent on the structural integrity and maturity
of white-matter pathways. In the past, this could be
assessed only post mortem (e.g. [10–12]). Although
histology provides greater specificity vis-a `-vis neural
elements changing with age (see Box 3), in vivo assess-
ments of white-matter development provide two major
advantages over the post-mortem approach: the potential
for collecting large samples and for simultaneous
acquisition of behavioural data. To date, one of the largest
datasets of MR images obtained in typically developing
children and adolescents has been acquired at the Child
Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH); it comprises a combination of cross-
sectional (161 subjects) and longitudinal (329 scans)
Deformation fieldSegmentation Cerebral sulci Cortical thickness
'Native' MRI Registered MRI
Figure 1. Image-processing pipeline. Top row: A typical image-processing pipeline begins with a transformation of a magnetic-resonance (MR) image from the acquisition
('native') to standardized stereotaxic space; this process generates an image that is 'registered' with the template brain. The next step involves voxel-wise classification of
brain tissue into three main classes: grey matter (in red), white matter (in white) and cerebrospinal fluid (in green). Each of these binary images (0, tissue absent; 1, tissue
present) is then filtered (or smoothed) to generate 'density' images; the image of grey-matter (GM) density shown here indicates, at each voxel, the local concentration of GM
ona continuousscalefrom0 to1 (the'hotter'thecolour,frombluetored,thehigherthevalueofWMdensity).Bottomrow: Non-linearregistrationofthesampleimagetothe
template brain allows one to characterize local shape differences; the deformation field quantifies such sample-templatedifferences throughout the brain. By combiningnon-
linear registration with tissue classification, one can segment automatically various brain structures, such as the frontal lobe or the amygdala. Other techniques produce
maps of cortical thickness or identify sulci in the subject's cerebral cortex.
Box 2. Computational analysis of MR images
A typical image-processing 'pipeline' (see also Figure 1 in main text)
begins with a linear transformation of a T1W image from the
acquisition ('native') space to standardized stereotaxic space, such
as that of the average MNI-305 atlas [66,67], aligned with Talairach
and Tournoux space [68]; note that there is a negligible difference in
the overall brain size between adolescent brains and those of young
adults (23.4G4.1 years) who constitute the MNI-305 atlas. The next
step involves brain-tissue classification into grey matter (GM), white
matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); an automatic classifi-
cation is achieved by combining information from different types
of MR images, namely T1W, T2W and PDW acquisitions [69,70].
The tissue-classification step yields three sets of binary 3D images
(i.e. GM, WM and CSF). Each of the binary images can be smoothed
to generate probabilistic 'density' images. These maps are used
in voxel-wise analyses of age- or group-related differences in GM
or WM density (see [71] for methodological overview). Another
important processing step is a non-linear registration of the subject's
image to a template brain; local differences between the subject and
the template are captured in a deformation field. The template brain
contains information about anatomical boundaries; this anatomical
information can be 'projected' onto each subject's brain using the
corresponding deformation fieldand fine-tuned bycombiningit with
the tissue-classification map [67,72]. In this way, the pipeline
provides automatic estimates of regional volumes. Another voxel-
wise approach has been developed to quantify individual differences
in the 3D anatomy of the cerebral cortex. These include estimates of
the cortical thickness [73,74] and the quantification of individual
differences in the position, depth and length of the cerebral sulci [75].
TRENDS in Cognitive SciencesVol.9 No.2 February 200561
Page 3
data [8]. In this cohort, Giedd and colleagues observed a
steady increase in the overall volume of white matter
(WM) throughout the studied age-range of 4 to 21 years
[13]. This finding is consistent with previous observations
([14]; nZ88, 1–30 years; [15]; nZ85, 5–17 years). In a
subsample of the NIMH cohort (nZ111), Paus et al. have
documented an increase in WM density in the internal
capsule and the left arcuate fasciculus, the latter con-
taining fibres presumably connecting the anterior (Broca)
and posterior (Wernicke) speech regions (Figure 2; [16]).
Another example of regional variation in WM maturation
is a region-specific growth of the corpus callosum; both
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed con-
tinuous age-related changes in the posterior but not the
anterior section [17–19]. In a recent study, Blanton et al.
[20] documented significant gender differences in WM of
the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region comprising the pars
opercularis, triangularis and orbitalis and, presumably,
containing speech-related areas: boys (nZ25, 6–17 years)
but not girls (nZ21, 6–15 years) showed a linear age-
related increase in the WM volume in this region.
Overall, functional consequences of such gains in WM
volume are clear: faster and more efficient sharing of
information within, for example, various fronto-cortical
circuits, as well as smooth communication between the
frontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical regions.
Developmental findings: grey matter
Linearity of the developmental changes in brain matu-
ration observed for white matter does not appear to hold in
the case of grey matter (GM). In the NIMH sample, Giedd
et al. [13] reported increases in the GM volume of the
frontal and parietal lobes, which peaked at about the
age of 10 and 12 years in girls and boys, respectively.
Following these maxima, there was a subtle but signifi-
cant decrease in the GM volumes in these two lobes. The
temporal and occipital GM did not show this pattern.
Other investigators found similar age-related changes
in the frontal and parietal lobes. Thus, Sowell et al. [21]
described a 'loss' of GM density over the dorsal and
parietal lobes between childhood (7–11 years, nZ14) and
adolescence (12–16 years, nZ11), which was accelerated
further – but only in the frontal cortex – from adolescence
to adulthood (23–30 years, nZ10); it is of interest that the
loss of GM density was correlated inversely with local
brain growth. Using longitudinal data (13 subjects,
3 or more scans per subject for a total of 52 scans, age
4–21 years), Gogtay et al. [22] confirmed such a loss of GM
density. It appears to start around puberty in the sensori-
motor areas and spreads rostrally over the frontal cortex
and caudally over the parietal and then temporal cortex
(Figure 3). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the
posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus appear to
'lose' grey matter the last [22]. Overall, there is an agree-
ment across the above studies in that cortical GM volumes
change in a non-linear fashion across different regions
throughout childhood and adolescence. The most striking
finding is the apparent 'loss' of grey matter during late
adolescence, perhaps after the onset of puberty. But is it
really a loss of grey matter or a gain of intra-cortical white
matter? (see Box 3).
In summary, the combination of structural MRI with
computational morphometry has already proven useful in
describing subtle yet consistent changes in brain structure
during adolescence. Very little is known, however, about
how such variations in structure relate to those in func-
tion. The next section addresses this issue.
Brain function during adolescence
The ultimate goal of research in this area is to understand
how the human brain implements behaviour throughout
the life span. Two general strategies are used to achieve
this goal: (1) perturbation, and (2) correlation. Early brain
Box 3. Frontal cortex in adolescence: decrease of grey
matter or increase in cortical myelination?
A single imaged voxel of cortical grey matter contains several
cellular elements including neural cell bodies, axons, dendrites, glia
and blood vessels. In the cerebral cortex of an adult mouse,
electronmicroscopic analyses yield the following relative volumes:
axons 29.3%, dendrites 30.2%, dendritic spines 12.06%, glia 9.5%,
cell bodies and blood vessels 13.8%, and extracellular space 5.2%
[76,77]. Although it is difficult to estimate the contributions of these
cellular compartments to the net MR signal obtained with standard
T1W, T2W and PD sequences, it is safe to assume that – on average –
about 1/3 of the imaged cortical voxels will give a high 'white-matter'
signal owing to the magnetic interactions with hydrogen nuclei of
the lipids present in the myelin sheath. Such intracortical 'white-
matter' voxels would, in turn, dilute the 'grey-matter' signal from
other cellular compartments (e.g. glia, cell bodies). This partial-
volume effect could bias classification of brain tissue: an increase in
intracortical myelination would lead to an apparent age-related
decrease in the volume of cortical grey matter. Although most
investigators have attributed the observed decreases in fronto-
cortical grey matter during adolescence to synaptic pruning [78],
clearly an alternative explanation exists (also discussed in [22]).
Post-mortem studies have documented late myelination in various
cortical regions, including the frontal and parietal cortex [10,79,80]. It
is therefore possible that the adolescent's frontal cortex is not losing
grey matter but rather gaining myelinated white matter. Recent
observations by Zilles and collaborators are consistent with this
view; using high-resolution MR imaging and post-mortem histo-
logical analysis of the (adult) human cerebral cortex, they could
explain up to 80% of variance in T1 relaxation times to myeloarchi-
tecture in deep cortical layers (Zilles et al., unpublished observations).
Figure 2. Age-related changes in white-matter density in (a) the internal capsule,
and (b) the left arcuate fasciculus. Thresholded maps of t-statistic values are
superimposed on axial (capsule) and sagittal (arcuate) sections through the MR
image of a single subject. The images depict the exact brain locations that showed
statistically significant (tO4.0) correlations between white-matter density and the
subject's age (nZ111; age 4–17 yrs). Reprinted with permission from [16].
Copyright (1999) American Association for the Advancement of Science.
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.9 No.2 February 200562
Page 4
lesions are the only model of region-specific perturbations
used, albeit in a limited manner, in human developmental
and aggression (e.g. [23]). On the other hand, advances in
MRI have opened up seemingly unlimited opportunities for
studying brain–behaviour correlations in typically develop-
ing children and adolescents. Two groups of 'dependent'
variables can be used in this context: (1) quantitative
morphometric features, and (2) brain activity.
Brain–behaviour relationships revealed by
computational morphometry
As outlined in the section on brain structure, compu-
tational morphometry provides a rich set of quantitative
(structural) parameters that can be related to a function of
interest in voxel-wise fashion (e.g. grey-matter or white-
matter density; Box 1). Using such voxel-wise correlations
in healthy adults, Golestani et al. have shown a significant
relationship between the subject's ability to learn novel
non-native speech sounds and white matter in parietal
regions, especially in the left hemisphere [24]. Other
studies have shown, for example, a positive relationship
between the size of the anterior cingulate gyrus and harm
avoidance [25], a larger (anterior) corpus callosum in
musicians who had begun musical training before the age
of 7 years [26], and a positive correlation between
calculation abilities and grey-matter density in the left
parietal cortex in adolescents born prematurely [27]. In
the above studies, the investigators could not determine
the direction of these structure–function relationships; it
is equally probable that a (pre-existing) variation in the
structure could influence performance or that a repeated
engagement of a given circuit could change brain mor-
phology. Results of a recent study suggest that repeated
use of a given structure could indeed lead to a morpho-
logical change detectable with computational analysis of
structural MR images; a three-month period of juggling
practice led to an increase in grey-matter density in
the putative motion-processing region (MT/V5) of the
temporal cortex [28]. Overall, the above studies provide
a proof of principle: quantitative morphometric features
can be used as a 'dependent' variable in studies of brain–
behaviour relationships. One of the appealing features of
this structural approach is the ability to study several
functions of interest in the same individual, quantify them
brain vis-a `-vis possible structure–function correlations.
Brain–behaviour relationships revealed by functional
Functional brain mapping allows investigators to measure
– in time and space – neural activity associated with
particular sensory, motor and cognitive functions. The
most common approach is the use of functional MRI; its
high spatial resolution makes this technique ideal for
determining where in the brain changes in neural activity
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Figure 3. Age-related changes in cortical grey matter. Mixed-model regression plots (grey-matter vs. age) at the following regions of interest: A, precentral gyrus and primary
motor cortex; B, superior frontal gyrus, posterior end near central sulcus; C, inferior frontal gyrus, posterior end; D, inferior frontal sulcus, anterior end in the ventrolateral
prefrontal cortex; E, inferior frontal sulcus in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; F, anterior limit of superior frontal sulcus; G, frontal pole; H, primary sensory cortex in
postcentral gyrus; I, supramarginal gyrus (area 40); J, angular gyrus (area 39); K, occipital pole; L–N, anterior, middle, and posterior portions of STG; O–Q, anterior, middle,
and posterior points along the inferior temporal gyrus anterior end. x-axis values are ages in years, and y-axis values show grey-matter volumes. Modified with permission
from [22]. Copyright (2004) National Academy of Sciences.
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.9 No.2 February 2005 63
Page 5
occur. The relationship between the fMRI signal and brain
activity is not straightforward, however. Changes in local
haemodynamics most probably reflect the sum of excita-
tory postsynaptic inputs in the sample of scanned tissue
[29]. The firing rate of 'output' neurons may also be related
to local blood flow [30,31] but only inasmuch as it is linked
in linear fashion to excitatory postsynaptic input. Further,
inhibitory neurotransmission could lead to decreases in
cerebral blood flow indirectly, through its presynaptic
effects on postsynaptic excitation [32]. Interpretation of
the BOLD signal aside, the use of fMRI in studies of
children and adolescents presents many specific challenges
of both technical (e.g. head motion and its correction) and
conceptual (e.g. age vs. performance) nature [33].
Developmental findings: executive functions and
Structural MRI findings point to a slightly delayed matu-
ration of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Figure 3E).
Regardless of whether such age-related changes reflect
loss or gain of tissue (see Box 3), one would expect con-
comitant variations in brain function. Perhaps this is why
the majority of developmental fMRI studies have focused
on so-called 'executive' functions, such as working memory
and response inhibition; integrity of the prefrontal cortex
determines, to a large extent, performance on such tasks.
Figure 4 provides several illustrative examples of deve-
lopmental changes in the relevant cognitive abilities. Note
that formanyoftheexecutive abilities, 10-yearold children
appear to differ significantly from their younger peers but
less so from the older ones.
Are these behavioural observations consistent with the
fMRI literature? Unfortunately albeit understandably, the
initial fMRI studies were carried out using small numbers
of children whose ages spanned this possible '10-year
divide'. For example, compared with adults, children
seemed to show higher BOLD response in the prefrontal
cortex during the performance of a verbal working
memory task ([34], nZ6, age 9 to 11 years; [35], nZ6,
age 8 to 10 yr). In a study of stimulus–response com-
patibility ([36], nZ8, age 7 to 11 yr), children and adults
differed in the BOLD response in the basal ganglia and the
hippocampal region (childrenOadults) and premotor
cortex (children!adults); also in this study, several sig-
nificant correlations was found, across all subjects,
between performance and BOLD signal. The latter obser-
vation raises an important issue addressed in several
subsequent developmental studies: what is the primary
source of variance – age or performance of the child? In a
study of visuo-spatial working memory ([37], nZ23, age 7
to 22 yr), age-related increases in the BOLD signal
obtained in the prefrontal and parietal cortex remained
even after factoring out inter-individual differences in
performance. Similar BOLD increases were also observed
in these regions during the performance of tasks involving
some form of response inhibition, including the Stroop
task ([38], nZ30, age 7–22 yr), anti-saccade task ([39],
nZ36, age 8–30 yr), the stop task ([40]; nZ17, age 12–40
yr) and, to a certain extent, during the performance of a
go/no-go task ([41], nZ19, age 8–20 yr; [42], nZ32, age
8–33 yr) and the Eriksen flanker task [42].
The fluency data shown in Figure 4 suggest that
children should differ from adults in their ability to
engage the relevant neural circuits when generating
words. Using a classical verb-generation task [43],
Schlaggar et al. [44] matched their subjects either by age
(children, age 7–10 yr and adults, age 18–35 yr) or by
performance, and revealed that the BOLD response was
performance-related in the left inferior prefrontal region
and age-related in the putative left premotor cortex.
Similar findings were obtained in a large sample using
the same analytical strategy ([45], nZ95, age 7–32 yr);
age-related increases and decreases in BOLD response
were identified in 40 cortical regions but in only half
of these regions did the difference between children and
adults remain after matching the subjects' performance.
Clearly, future fMRI studies of executive functions need
to increase statistical power, either by increasing the
number of children in each (one-year) age group or by
selecting two groups of children on the opposite side of a
'dividing line' established in a separate behavioural study.
The confounding effects of age-related changes in per-
formance during the scanning must be taken into account;
the above language studies demonstrate the importance of
this issue. It might also be helpful to move beyond
administration of simple tasks, which might not be taxing
enough for an adolescent, and examine (executive) func-
tions in a more complex environment, such as under peer
pressure [46].
Developmental findings: social cognition
Let us come back to the structural findings. It appears
that, during adolescence, brain maturation continues in
the fronto-parietal systems and within the superior tem-
poral sulcus (STS). In addition, age-related changes in
white matter continue throughout the brain. Some inte-
resting regional differences exist that could be relevant for
processes underlying social cognition. For example, post-
mortem observations suggest a significant increase in
myelination, in late adolescence, of cortico-hippocampal
relay pathways [47], and in vivo findings revealed an
increase in white-matter density along the occipito-
temporal (ventral) visual pathway (Figure 5a; [48]).
During adolescence, high demands are placed not only
on the executive systems but also on the interplay between
cognitive and emotion-related processes. Such cognition–
emotion interactions are particularly crucial in the
context of peer–peer interactions and the processing of
verbal and non-verbal cues. It is therefore of interest to
note that the STS contains a set of regions engaged during
the processing of non-verbal cues, such as those carried by
eye and mouth movements [49], hand movements [50–52],
or body movements [53]; that is, regions involved in pro-
cessing biological motion (Figure 5b; reviewed in [54]). As
suggested by Allison et al. [55], feedforward and feedback
interactions between the STS and amygdala may be essen-
tial for the discrimination of various facial expressions and
for the attentional enhancement of the neural response to
socially salient stimuli.
Consistent with such an 'amplification' mechanism,
Kilts et al. [56] observed significantly stronger neural
response to dynamic, as compared with static, facial
TRENDS in Cognitive SciencesVol.9 No.2 February 2005 64


text:
Is Destruction of the Living World Really Progress?
"It's time to shout stop on this war on the living world. Our consumption is trashing a natural world infinitely more fascinating and intricate than the stuff we produce.
This is a moment at which anyone with the capacity for reflection should stop and wonder what we are doing.
If the news that in the past 40 years the world has lost over 50% of its vertebrate wildlife (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) fails to tell us that there is something wrong with the way we live, it's hard to imagine what could. Who believes that a social and economic system which has this effect is a healthy one? Who, contemplating this loss, could call it progress?" -- George Monbiot, The Guardian
Click HERE to see full post from George Monbiot in The Guardian.
Creating an Economy that Works
The economy is not a force of Nature or an act of God. It is a human-made construct. We invented it and we can reinvent it. We can make the transition to an innovative, resilient clean economy.
In fact, such bold innovation and reinvention is in our American cultural DNA. We did it when we harnessed the power of oil in 1859. We did it during the Industrial Revolution when we created mass production. We did it after the Great Depression when we built the Hoover Dam and the Golden Gate Bridge. And we did it when we tapped the creativity of the space race to develop myriad new products and companies.
It is time to do it again, to lean into creating an economy that will simultaneously increase prosperity for our people, reinvigorate the American Dream, and restore the environment. This is the greatest challenge and opportunity of our lifetime.
Global Wellbeing and GNH Lab from Presencing Institute on Vimeo.


text:
PassportAuthenticationModule.Authenticate Event
.NET Framework 4.6 and 4.5
Raised during authentication. This is a Global.asax event that must be named PassportAuthentication_OnAuthenticate. This class is deprecated
Namespace: System.Web.Security
Assembly: System.Web (in System.Web.dll)
This class has been deprecated and is no longer supported. Microsoft Passport Network has been replaced by Windows Live ID. For more information about how to use Windows Live ID to authenticate users in a Web application, see Windows Live ID SDK.
Other Resources


text:
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
Husch Blackwell's Carlos Rodriguez says congestion related practices are unjust and unreasonable.
BIFA names new national chairman, while AKD hires two senior executives.
Trade Promotion Authority, a bill that grants the president authority to conclude trade deals without congressional interference, moved forward in the Senate Thursday morning.
International Longshoremen's Association and employers represented by the United States Maritime Alliance will begin full wage scale meetings in mid‐September.
Total shipments and total revenues for third party logistics providers both fell in first quarter 2015 compared to fourth quarter 2014, according to a recent benchmarking report from the Transportation Intermediaries Association.
Daseke, Inc., an open-deck and specialty transportation company, announced it would merge with Charleston, S.C.-based Bulldog Hiway Express.


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Softkey Revealer
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Original recipe yields 8 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
This turned out really really good. When I pureed the sauce in the blender I was very unimpressed, was ready to scour the fridge for a backup plan for dinner, but I found that after you pour it...
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10 Crafts You Won't Believe Began at Dollar Store
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Sunset Cocktails and (free) Live Jazz
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The Habitat Initiative in Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique, is working to enhance the quality of life of communities by empowering them to undertake significant improvements to their built environment, with a focus on building skills in improved ecological construction. The project complements other rural development programming AKDN is implementing in the region.
Aga Khan Foundation
Aga Khan Receives India's Padma Vibhushan Award (Press Release)
Raising Rural Incomes While Revitalising Local Culture (Spotlight)
Combining Local and International Knowledge (Spotlight)
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Azito Energie Inaugurates Côte d'Ivoire's First Operational Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Plant
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Historic Agreement Establishes Global Seat of Ismaili Imamat in Portugal
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© 2007 The Aga Khan Development Network. This is the only authorised Website of the Aga Khan Development Network.


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Child opening a magic gift box with lights and shining around
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The Many Looks of Teresa Giudice
You know it's a going to be a good week when Chrissy Teigen is getting naked on a Monday.
Magic Mike XXL is almost here! In honor of the movie's upcoming release date, we've picked Channing Tatum as Celebuzz's #ManCrushMonday!
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46 year old man | Salem, OR, USA | Seeking women 35-45 within 75 miles
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I like Eugene, Bend, The Coast, Hawthorne District, Cabo San Lucas, Cancun, Key West...honestly there is not much to do in Salem..
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Arjun Kapoor to feature in Hindi remake of Telugu action film 'Okkadu'
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Following the footsteps of biggies like Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Ajay Devgn, 'Ishaqzaade' star Arjun Kapoor too will be taking a remake route to give impetus to his Bollywood career.
Arjun will be acting in the remake of 2003 Telugu action film 'Okkadu', being produced by his father Boney Kapoor.
"Yes, I am doing the remake of 'Okkadu' with my father," Arjun told PTI.
Gossip mills are abuzz that Sonakshi Sinha will be paired opposite Arjun in this film. When asked about this, Arjun refrained from divulging any details.
"All other details about the film will be announced at an appropriate time", he said.
'Okkadu', originally starring Mahesh Babu, Bhoomika Chawla and Prakash Raj in the lead, was a superhit and had been remade in Tamil, Kannada, Bengali languages.
It is reported that the Hindi version of 'Okkadu' will be directed by the duo of Abbas-Mustan.
Arjun will be seen in Aditya Chopra's 'Aurangzeb', along side Sashaa Agha, Prithviraj, Amrita Singh, Jackie Shroff, 'Gunday' starring Ranveer Singh and Priyanka Chopra, and Sajid Nadiadwala's 'Two States' with Alia Bhatt.
Arjun was critically acclaimed after his electrifying performance in his debut film 'Ishaqzaade' opposite Parineeti Chopra. Some trade pundits even believe that Arjun has the potential to carry both commercial and off beat cinema with ease and conviction.


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As I mentioned before, photographer Chris Johnson is working on a project that features 100 atheists (myself included) talking about what gives them joy and meaning in this life: Each portrait will be paired with a short message from the subject about some aspect of joy, meaning or passion in life. It could focus on [Read More...]
Last Chance to Support an Atheist Photography Project
Jeremy Lin Thanks God… Then Comes to His Senses
Jeremy Lin, the Christian basketball player sidelined by injury, earlier tonight: Jeremy Lin, 1.5 hours later: Looks like he came to his senses and thanked the people who actually deserved it [Read more...]
Despite Ken Ham's Wrangling, Creation Museum Left Off List of Places Every Kid Should Visit
Remember when Budget Travel was taking nominations for their list of "15 places kids should see before 15"? The Creation Museum had topped the list thanks to constant voting from Ken Ham's readers. (And golf claps to them for out-Pharyngulating us.) Now, the article based off the poll is out… and the Creation Museum didn't [Read More...]
In the New Tea Party Coloring Book, a Page About the Pledge of Allegiance…
An image from Tea Party II: Why America Loves You! The Social-Activist Coloring Book for Kids: If you're going to give it to your teacher, I suggest crossing out a couple of words with a black crayon. (via Christian Nightmares) [Read more...]
Rock Beyond Belief Summary (with Video of Richard Dawkins' Speech)
Richard ∑wald at Atheist Nexus has a terrific roundup (with pictures) of this past weekend's Rock Beyond Belief rally: Like the Reason Rally, Rock Beyond Belief served many purposes, first and for most a statement. Here's were the two events have a slight divergence. The Reason Rally's "you are not alone" and, "we're here, we're [Read More...]


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Prisoners Wives: Season 2, Episode 1
Episode #2.1 (14 Mar. 2013)
TV Episode | | Drama
Ratings: 8.3/10 from 14 users
Reviews: write review
Francesca and her father and children are caught up in a turf war when Paul's rival torches Frank's house. Worse is to come when,on 'business' for Paul,Francesca witnesses a gangland ... See full summary »
Director:Harry Bradbeer
Writer:Julie Gearey
Stars:Faz Aoufi, Ben Batt, Tony Bell | See full cast and crew »


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Pep Guardiola has claimed that Bayern Munich will not block Manchester United's pursuit of Bastian Schweinsteiger.
The Bayern manager confirmed that the German international is free to make a move to the Premier League this summer but also added that if he remains an integral part of his plans at the club, placing the ball firmly in Schweinsteiger's court. 257 more words


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The Senior: My Amazing Year as a 59-Year-Old College Football Linebacker - eBook
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Through My Eyes: A Quarterback's Journey - eBookTim TebowZonderkidz / 2011 / ePub$10.995 Stars Out Of 5 52 ReviewsAvailability: In StockCBD Stock No: WW22820EB
Publisher's Description
Mike Flynt was swapping stories with some old football buddies when he brought up the biggest regret of his life: getting kicked off the college team before his senior year. So, one of his pals said, "Why not do something about it?" Most 59-year-olds would have laughed. Flynt's only concern was his eligibility. He not only returned to college football, but actually made the team at his alma mater - Sul Ross State, an NCAA division III school.
His remarkable story begins with a tough upbringing by a violent father who trained him to fight at every opportunity. His fighting habit took him in and out of jail several times, until a faith conversion turned his life around on the very day he was contemplating suicide.
Mike Flynt has much to offer others, not only through his story, but through his belief that its never too late for God to heal your heart and fulfill your dreams.
Foreword by NBA Superstar LeBron James.
Author Bio
Mike Flynt played football for Permian High School in Odessa, Texas, where he helped start a winning tradition, inspiringFriday Night Lights. In 2007, at age 59, Mike received national attention, returning to his college alma mater, Sul Ross State University, to play his senior year, becoming the oldest contributing football team member in NCAA history. Today Mike's company, Powerbase Fitness, helps people of all ages live a better, more productive life through strength training.
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What a weekend! We just wrapped up our 2014 Human Rights Conference in Chicago.
It was one of the largest annual conferences in Amnesty USA's history, we had an amazing time and we wanted to share 5 highlights with you:
What a weekend! We just wrapped up our 2014 Human Rights Conference in Chicago.
It was one of the largest annual conferences in Amnesty USA's history, we had an amazing time and we wanted to share 5 highlights with you:
By Susan Sarandon, Actress and Humanitarian
Playing Sister Helen Prejean in the film "Dead Man Walking" was my awakening to the deep injustice of the death penalty.
The more I learned about the death penalty, the more I knew I had to raise my voice against it.
Just a couple weeks ago, Glenn Ford, an African American man convicted by an all-white jury, was released from a Louisiana prison after serving 30 years on death row for a murder he did not commit.
The state stole 30 years from Glenn's life and almost killed him because of its mistake.
18 states have abolished this barbaric practice, and Amnesty International's State Death Penalty Abolition Coordinators are working with the movement in their respective states to put an end to the death penalty across the country. New Hampshire may be next. Please join me now to help make that happen.
Sign Amnesty's petition calling for an end to the death penalty in New Hampshire.
Pat yourselves on the back, stamp your feet, give a (potentially) inappropriate shout of glee wherever you happen to be at this moment, or at the very least, indulge in a slow clap.
35,544 Amnesty USA activists stood with the women and girls in Mozambique who marched in the streets of Maputo to demand the revocation of a proposed revision to the criminal code allowing a rapist to avoid punishment if he married the survivor.
The Mozambique government listened and it has been removed from consideration!
I've just come from opening week at the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), when thousands of women's rights activists and member state delegations descend on New York to review the current state of affairs for women and girls globally and recommend actions states can take to advance gender equality and promote female empowerment.
Many of the events this week are calling attention to sexual and reproductive rights as a primary barrier to development progress and the enjoyment of rights and dignity for all. The priority theme for the CSW this year is a review of progress for women and girls under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
By Natalie Butz, Communications Specialist at Amnesty International USA
On Wednesday, President Obama announced that he strongly supports declassification and public release of the Senate Intelligence Committee's report on CIA torture since 9/11.
This is a huge step forward in our effort to release the report! Release of this report will help us ensure that the CIA never uses torture again.
This post originally appeared in the Huffington Post under the title, "The Death Penalty Is The Tip of an Iceberg of Injustice."
For much of my working, adult life, I have been witness to the consequences of our country's addiction to the death penalty, and to the damage it does even as we loosen its grip.
This week, we at Amnesty International USA and anti-death penalty activists around the country hope to witness a moment we will one day say was another important step towards our collective recovery.
Wednesday, March 12, the New Hampshire House of Representatives will vote on a bill that, when signed into law, would end the death penalty in the state. Thirty-two states throughout this country have yet to rid themselves of a punishment that is not just cruel, unfair and expensive, but is tainted with human error.
The first day of spring is the beginning of a special time for Iranians and for other Persian and Kurdish speakers throughout the world as they celebrate Nowruz, the Iranian New Year. This is the time when families gather to share in ancient Iranian traditions.
But many Iranians will not be able to celebrate this important holiday with their loved ones as they are locked up in crowded and disease-ridden Iranian prisons. They are not locked up because they have committed any crime. They are locked up because of their religious faith, because of their activism to create a better world, or because they have expressed opinions the authorities don't want others to hear.
By Natalia Taylor Bowdoin, Amnesty USA's Central African Republic Country Specialist
It's a miracle she survived.
Amnesty's crisis team met an 11-year-old Muslim girl in the Central African Republic this month. She was the lone survivor of a horrific assault on the village of Bouguere – in a country where sectarian violence has spiraled out of control.
Amnesty came to this region to investigate reports of mass killings and forced evictions of Muslims. Throughout our travels, we found case after case of mayhem and death.
On March 19th, 2014, Ray Jasper is scheduled to be executed in Texas. Amnesty International USA is sharing his words below from a letter posted on Gawker where Ray Jasper acknowledges that this letter "could be my final statement on earth."
Amnesty International USA has issued an urgent action calling on Texas to not execute Ray Jasper on March 19th.
Mr. Nolan,
When I first responded to you, I didn't think that it would cause people to reach out to me and voice their opinions. I've never been on the internet in my life and I'm not fully aware of the social circles on the internet, so it was a surprise to receive reactions so quickly.
This article originally appeared in the Lawndale News under the title "Standing Up For Women's Rights at Home and Abroad."
A human rights abuse epidemic is happening right now in every corner of the globe. It has manifested in Mexico where twenty-six women were sexually assaulted by police in San Salvador, Atenco.
It has manifested in Guatemala when 15-year-old María Isabel Franco was raped and brutally killed, and in Afghanistan, where a women's rights advocate was murdered in the street.
And it has manifested in Chicago, where nearly 1 in 5 Chicago youth experience violence in a dating relationship.


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Hospitalist, Internist
37 years of experience
Video profile
Accepting new patients
37 years of experience
Video profile
Accepting new patients
845 S Madison St
Tupelo, MS 38801 Phone number & directions
Tupelo, MS 38801 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. James Brown:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Brown? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Education & Awards
Dr. Brown graduated from University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Dr. Brown has 9 hospital affiliations:
- Marion Regional Medical Center
- Pontotoc Health Service CAH
Home > Find a Hospitalist > MS > Tupelo Hospitalists > Dr. James Brown, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. James L Brown MD is a male Internist, has 37 years of experience and practices in Hospitalist and Internal Medicine.
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- Dr. James Brown has 2 office locations.
Dr. James Brown practices Hospitalist and Internal Medicine near Tupelo, MS.
See Tupelo Hospitalists and Tupelo Internists.


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I have a postgresql database on amazon EC2 and need to determine the best way to keep this data backed up. I am considering two options:
(1) Mount an EBS volume to some directory like /pgsqldata and use this directory as the postgresql data directory (on Amazon Linux the default is /var/lib/pgsql/data/). Then this volume would get frequent snapshots.
(2) Keep the postgresql data directory in it's default location. Then use pg_dump to frequently dump backups to a location like /pgsqldumps and that volume will get a snapshot after each pg_dump.
A third option would be to simply snapshot the root device volume (I am using an EBS-backed instance) since it is both a webserver and database in my case. I like the idea of having a dedicated volume for data backups though.
Finally, if I am taking direct snapshots of the live postgresql data directory, do I need to worry about possible changes to the database during the snapshot process?


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Calvary Christian Academy
Football: Pennsbury leads District Power Rankings
Sandy SpiecznyHere are the current point ratings, through Oct. 4, for the PIAA football playoffs for District 1 teams. Included is the team record, points earned, and the average determined by dividing the points by the number of games played. It is the average that determines the season-ending placement for the playoffs... Read more
Tuesday's field hockey roundup
gary milesAvery Curley helped Episcopal Academy open up the Inter-Ac League portion of its schedule on a strong note by scoring three goals in a 6-0 win over visiting Germantown Academy. Curley also added an assist for the Churchwomen (3-4 overall, 1-0 league). Penn Charter got a pair of second-half goals to... Read more
Pa.: Saturday Football
Sandy SpiecznyMalvern Prep's Bobby Hill got behind Frankford's defense twice in the fourth quarter to seal a 23-20 nonleague road football win yesterday. With 8 minutes 24 seconds left, Hill sped past the Pioneers for a 20-yard run and caught the two-point conversion pass for the final points of the... Read more
Thursday's field hockey roundup
M ZEBEHatboro-Horsham got a pair of goals and an assist from Lauren Purvis and upset visiting North Penn, 4-1, in a Suburban One League Continental Conference game. Purvis assisted on a goal by Sarah Tuftin and Hannah Vogel added a goal for the Hatters who handed the Maidens their first loss of the season... Read more
Friday's Pa. roundup: football, soccer, field hockey and volleyball
gary milesHere is Friday's roundup: FOOTBALL Calvary Christian 34, Tower Hill (Del.) 7 — The host Cougars got a three touchdowns from tailback Ian Richardson and dominated throughout. Mike Reichenbach, the quarterback and son of the Calvary Christian coach and ex-Philadelphia Eagle by the same name... Read more
Boys' soccer: Madison scores two for La Salle
gary milesDarius Madison scored at both ends of the first half and paced La Salle to a 2-1 win over visiting Holy Ghost Prep in a nonleague boys' soccer game Tuesday. Madison scored five minutes into the game on a 25-yard direct kick and again with one minute remaining off an assist from Chris Pawlowski... Read more
Football Roundup
Sandy SpiecznyWelcome to the first Friday Night Lights of this season. Episcopal Academy 28, Furness 6 — Junior tailback Brian Ruditys gained 172 yards on 27 carries as the Churchmen rolled. The Churchmen limited the Falcons to just one score, on a 65-yard kickoff return from sophomore Sharif Smith in the... Read more
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The Gallery
Charles Vickery
Associated Artists
The Academy
Joan of Art
Paint & Play
Painting Schedules
The Gallery
Featuring the works of world renowned seascape artist Charles Vickery
Newly Arrived Vickery Originals
Classic Vickery Prints
The Downers Grove Artists Guild's Illinois Prairies Summer Show of 2015
is over.
Results below.
The Academy
Art instruction, workshops and support facilities for students of all levels
The Academy
All-encompassing group of programs and services
Joan of Art
Professional art instruction workshops
Paint & Play
Home of the original Paint & Play classes
Painting Schedules
Workshops - Paint & Play - Classes
Congratulations to our in-house associated artist, Walter Monastryetsky, on his commission by the Vatican to paint the official portrait of Pope Francis
Illinois Prairies Summer Show June 1st - June 26th 2015
The results are in.
View Gallery
Welcome to the Brigantine Gallery,
a Fine Arts gallery
. Home of the world renowned seascape artist, Charles Vickery. Here you will find fine art oil paintings, both originals and prints, by Charles Vickery as well as other associated artists. We also offer professional art instruction by specially selected artists presented in workshops and classes. Charles Vickery originals and Charles Vickery prints Fine art posters and works by other artists
An online fine art gallery featuring fine art oil painting originals and prints by world renowned seascape artist Charles Vickery as well as works and professional art instruction by other selected artist


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Sunset Cocktails and (free) Live Jazz
- Music
- 420 Park Avenue South, New York, NY, 10021
The Holiday Spirits Bazaar
The Dizzy Fizz
Saturday, December 11, 2010 from 5:00 PM to 10:00 PM (EST)
NYC's cocktail insider The Dizzy Fizz is selecting the finest beverage brands, booze authors, purveyors of party accessories, craft designers, and more to participate in the first-ever Holiday Spirits Bazaar!
A portion of proceeds will benefit the Museum of the American Cocktail. A silent auction, featuring original artwork by Jill DeGroff and more, will also benefit the museum.
Live DJ throughout the night to keep the good times flowing!
Don't miss out on this fantastic one-night tasting and shopping extravaganza!
MUST BE 21+ TO ATTEND. Please drink responsibly.
Sponsors include: Denizen Rum, Auchentoshan Single Malt Scotch, Tempus Fugit Spirits, Vermont Gold & White Vodka, Cockspur Rum, Classic & Vintage Spirits, Purity Vodka, Square One Organic Spirits, Haus Alpenz, FAIR Trade Spirits, Scorpion Mezcal, Redemption Rye, Don Q Rum, Hudson Whiskey, Solerno Blood Orange Liqueur, Pipeline Brands, Highland Park Single Malt Scotch, Chairman's Reserve Rum, Castries Peanut Creme Liqueur, Pasternak Wines and Innis & Gunn Cask-Aged Beer.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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1. The water was clean.
2. The sun is high in the sky.
3. She saw the door was open.
4. The walkway was small.
5. Dad had a bald head.
6. No one liked the cold pizza.
7. The hot water boiled.
8. Stay in the big area.
9. Watch out, the table is heavy!
10. It was dry in the desert.
3 answers
Personally, I tend not to answer questions that look like they are straight from a test. Completing test questions for someone does not help them learn. Perhaps you could underline which ones you think are the adjectives & if you have errors, we could help you understand why.
|answered Aug 20 '11 at 20:46 Patty T Grammarly Fellow
I agree with you, Patty.add comment
clean high small open
|link comment
|answered Nov 26 '14 at 09:21 mae New member
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