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You can't say that, No. 5
January 29, 2015 § 24 Comments
Are you sure you're the guy asking to be allowed to have your ban lifted so you can compete?
"I would probably do it again." Lance Armstrong, affirming that if given the choice to do it over, he would take drugs and cheat. BBC Sport, Jan. 26, 2015.
How much is a dozen, again?
"I was an asshole to a dozen people." Lance Armstrong, reflecting on his bad behavior while apparently forgetting that he had duped millions of cancer survivors and millions of cycling fans. BBC Sport, Jan. 26, 2015.
Which is frankly better than the Crazy Bitch from Hell spigot.
"When the going gets tough, he turns on the charm." Betsy Andreu, on her contempt for Lance's attempts rehabilitate himself. BBC Sport, Jan. 27, 2015.
That's why we've created http://www.getlanceanewjacketandpairofshoes.com; PayPal accepted.
"But when I saw him last year, he was alone, he was badly dressed, he avoided eye contact, he didn't seem happy." Christophe Bassons, former Lance victim, reflecting on the fallen hero's demeanor and embarrassing couture. BBC Sport, Jan. 27, 2015.
For $2.99 per month you can subscribe to this blog and read the self-serving excuses proffered by dopers and the irrational fury of Betsy, a woman scorned. Click here and select the "subscribe" link in the upper right-hand corner. Thank you!
You can't say that, No. 5
January 21, 2015 § 14 Comments
So does the World Anti-Doping Agency.
"At the end of the day I know what I did and didn't do." Sad-faced Stuart O'Grady, explaining why he's not bothered by accusations that he doped throughout his career rather than the "just a few times" to which he confessed. Cycling News, January 18, 2015.
He thought that the only cheating douchebag in the pro peloton was, you know, him.
"I had no idea. I didn't want to think that the men I was racing against were cheating." Disappointed with broken childhood dreams doper Stuart O'Grady explaining that throughout the "dark era of cycling" he thought that he was the only rider who had ever used drugs. Cycling News, February 26, 2014.
Except that an isosceles triangle has two equal sides. But that's it.
"I didn't know anything at all." Doped up doper Stuart O'Grady's former team boss Roger Legeay, who managed him for eight years, who was himself busted for doping in 1974, and who oversaw Jonathan Vaughters at Credit Agricole — the ambassador for clean cycling who admitted to systematically doping while on the team. Cycling News, July 26, 2013.
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You can't say that, No. 4
December 26, 2014 § 6 Comments
It's the new he's-innocent-because-he-took-too-much defense.
"The way the doctors have explained it to me, the amount they've found is an amount that's almost impossible to have in your urine so we're definitely behind the rider and we believe the rider 100 percent." Lampre-Merida coach Brent Copeland on why rider Diego Ulissi couldn't possibly have been doping using a salbutamol inhalant during his two Giro stage wins because he was apparently over-doped. Cycling News, June 25, 2014.
Six puffs, on the other hand …
"It is important to know that salbutamol does not make you stronger … Cyclists know that you do not go faster if you take five puffs. You must understand that this is not doping." Italian national team coach Davide Casani, explaining that Diego Ulissi's positive result for the banned substance salbutamol, which improves breathing and oxygen uptake in aerobic sports, isn't really doping. Wieler Fits, June 26, 2014.
Well, perhaps not "absolutely."
"Absolutely inexplicable." Lampre team doctor Carlo Guardascione, at a loss to explain how Diego Ulissi's salbutamol levels were almost double the allowed limit. Cycling News, September 12, 2014.
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You can't say that, No. 3
December 20, 2014 § 15 Comments
Ok, jealousy plus erythropoietin.
"It's only jealousy." Mauro Sangambrogio before testing positive for EPO, explaining to his DS Luca Scinto why everyone suspected him of doping. Cycling News, June 3, 2013.
And while you're at it, could you make "as soon as possible" sometime in 2020?
"I can only say that I am in disbelief about what has happened and will request the counter analysis as soon as possible." Mauro Santambrogio, the day after testing positive for EPO, which was a few days after assuring team boss Luca Scinto that he was clean as a whistle. Ansa.IT, June 3, 2013.
Sort of like Cupid with a needle in his ass.
"I'm not a criminal … but within my environment, I felt like a little god." Mauro Santambrogio after receiving a 2-year ban for doping, explaining why he had felt the need to cheat. La Gazzetta dello Sport, October 12, 2013.
Now, however, I have a different set of problems.
"My testosterone levels were low and I had erection problems, plus I had fertility problems. That's why I was prescribed Andriol." Mauro Santambrogio, facing a lifetime ban after testing positive for testosterone a few days before the expiration of his ban for testing positive for EPO, which was in turn was a couple of months before he was to resume his pro racing career. Cycling News, December 18, 2014.
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You can't say that, No. 2
December 18, 2014 § 23 Comments
Incredibly, his mother forgot to tell him that something can be both a favor AND forbidden.
"I threw the bag in the suitcase without covering it. It was mixed with clothing. I didn't know I was doing anything forbidden, just a favour." Mexican racer Jose Alfredo Aguirre, busted at the Alicante airport in Spain with EPO and human growth hormone in his carry-on baggage, allegedly given to him by his coach. Cycling News, December 16, 2014.
For example, he would totally dispense with that "getting caught" stuff. And the kidney failure.
"I wouldn't dope, or I'd at least do it differently." Disgraced, banned, and self-admitted "idiot" Riccardo Riccò at his book signing, explaining what he'd learned from a career that ended when he almost killed himself due to a botched home-job transfusion. Cycling News, December 17, 2014.
But then, goshdangit, they made him pee into that little cup-thingy after the race.
"After having served a suspension in 2011, I never expected to find myself in this situation again." Old fellow Todd Robertson, 51, after receiving an 8-year ban as a repeat doper at masters nationals in Bend. USADA sanction list, May 14, 2014.
Or, it could just be the rather pedestrian story of another cheating dirtbag.
"I am confident that this will soon become a dramatic story about professionalism and family, with the outcome of the results of the counter-analysis that will be demanded by my lawyer." Matteo Robattini, just prior to the counter-analysis demanded by his lawyer that confirmed he had in fact doped with EPO. TuttoSport 24-Ore, September 17, 2014.
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UCI reluctantly licenses non-doping team for Pro Tour
December 11, 2014 § 26 Comments
Armenian pro team Ride-Kleen has been awarded a WorldTour license for 2015 following extended deliberation by the UCI's License Commission. The license will be subject to monitoring for 2015, according to UCI chief Brian Cookson, "In the event any non-doping anomalies occur."
"Ride-Kleen is happy and proud to announce that we have received a 2015 World Tour License and will race at the highest level of the sport in the upcoming season," a statement on the team's website read. "Thanks to riders, staff, family, sponsors, friends and fans for your support."
While the License Commission has ratified Ride-Kleen's registration for 2015, it will be subjected to an independent audit and forced to adhere to stricter operational requirements for the coming season.
UCI president Brian Cookson stated, "The case of the Ride-Kleen team remains a very serious situation for our sport given the fact that no one in their organization has ever been implicated in doping. We shall be following the situation very closely and are planning to review the results of the audit. Meanwhile, the team will have to comply with the requirements imposed by the License Commission to ensure that they are brought up to speed in blood manipulation and other standard cheating methods as quickly as possible. The combined effect of this is that until they have demonstrated a top-to-bottom commitment to doping, Ride-Kleen can be considered very much to be on probation."
Cookson said earlier that the approval from the UCI License Commission came before it received the new allegations by an Italian investigation which accused Ride-Kleen of systematic non-doping. The statement by the commission confirmed this. "If evidence of systematic non-doping is confirmed, and witnesses testify that the team is not run by a bunch of lying, cheating, scumsucking dirtbags, we will certainly re-evaluate the situation and, if necessary, require withdrawal of the license."
The License Commission was asked to review Ride-Kleen's status after the non-EPO positives of brothers George and Goody Twoshoes, and the failure of trainee Sammy Samaritan to test positive for steroids or any other banned substances this year.
With regard to the Armenian team's poor record of non-doping in the past, the commission stated that Ride-Kleen's current system of learning how to dope properly has strengthened its doping efforts. "The team has initiated a reorganization of all the support personnel of its riders in order to strengthen its fight against non-doping within the team to ensure greater cheating and access to powerful and potentially life-threatening drugs," the commission wrote. "In view of the years of non-doping cases that have occurred within the team, it is therefore essential to monitor the implementation of such measures on the ground. They will need to have at least two bona fide mutants capable of riding with Froomster and Alberto by next July."
Ride-Kleen has also volunteered to adhere to the strict standards proposed for the 2017 WorldTour, joining eight other teams in squirting every possible PED into their butts, posting "how-to" videos on YouTube, and working closely with George Hincapie's youth development team to ensure that proper doping methods are learned early.
Ride-Kleen team manager Billy Boyscout, who himself served a ban for refusing illegal blood transfusions the 2007 Tour de France, was accused of working with unbanned doctor Suzy Straighennarrow, and referring riders to her in 2010, where they allegedly learned and implemented various strategies to ride without blood transfusions and Betsy. Ride-Kleen has been implicated in a number of other non-scandals in their eight-year existence, including the infamous 2011 Tour stage in which the riders were found to have water in their water bottles.
Italian website Tuttobiciweb got this reaction from Boyscout, who is with the team at the Big Baptist Summer Teetotaling Retreat in Waco, Texas. "We've been through some really difficult moments and the last few days haven't been easy because there was obviously a lot of tension amongst the guys, worried that they'd be stranded without a team if the UCI decided to come down on us for non-doping. Now we can finally concentrate on getting ready for a great season and ramping up the EPO shipments from China. That's the only thing that matters," he said. "And now, if you don't mind, my boys are waiting for me to tie the tourniquets and do our first 'training' session with the Ferraris."
For $2.99 per month you can subscribe to this blog and support the UCI's important work licensing doped up teams for the Pro Tour. Click here and select the "subscribe" link in the upper right-hand corner. Thank you!
You can't say that, No. 1
December 3, 2014 § 38 Comments
Because it used to be, like, a mark of distinction.
"Young riders have gone mad. They do not understand that doping is no longer acceptable in cycling." Alexandre Vinokourov, suspended pro doper and head of Team Astana, on why five of his riders have tested positive. Kazhakstanskaya Pravda, Nov. 28, 2014.
Except for, you know, that we're on the same team.
"They are four idiots that have nothing to do with me." Vincenzo Nibali, explaining the distance between himself and riders who were with him at Tour of Oman, Milano-Sanremo, Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne, Liège-Bastogne-Liège, and the Tour de Romandie. VeloNews, Nov. 21, 2014.
Which is why we're renewing the team's license for 2015.
"The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) views the positive tests for EPO by two riders of the same team — Maxim and Valentin Iglinskiy — as an extremely serious situation and one which raises questions about the management of the team and the ethics which are upheld within it." UCI statement about the 5 recent positive doping tests on Team Astana. VeloNews, Oct. 8, 2014.
No dessert, sure, or maybe a spanking.
"It's not right to say that they should have missed Lombardy or Almaty." Roger Legeay, head of pro cycling anti-doping movement, defending Team Astana's cynical timing ploy that allowed them to race the final monument of the year despite multiple team doping offenses. Ten Ring News, Oct. 12, 2014.
But the runner-up will be invited back to a special award ceremony and given a winner's trophy with a really cool t-shirt.
"Davidenok and Astana literally stole close to $100,000 from the rest of the field, and there is no way we are going to get that money back; bull-shit." Canadian pro Michael Woods, on Astana doper Ilya Davidenok's win at the Tour of Qinghai Lake, scooping up $100k in prize money while riding the field off his wheel and making the rest of the field "his bitch." CyclingTips.au, Nov. 28, 2014.
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Peace Through Superior Firepower0
February 26, 2015 by Kit
Peace Through Superior Firepower Amongst our weaponry are such diverse elements as: fear, surprise, ruthless efficiency, an almost fanatical devotion to ending the game before turn 8. To attain such lofty goals, you will utilize brutal tactics such as …
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A Spoiler Brought to You by Kit!0
February 19, 2015 by Kit
The Secrets of an Advanced Technology. "Forgeborn everywhere - since time immemorial – have faced a challenge. They have had to decide which assets to improve, at the cost of neglecting others. Until now, they have just cultivated the …
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Exclusive Reign of Varna Spoiler!0
February 18, 2015 by Team Hypershot
Spoiler season is one of my favorite times for any card game, especially SolForge. It's the time for theory-crafting, new ideas, and sweet, sweet new cards! This is the first Hypershot Gaming spoiler, and boy, is it a fantastic one! …
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Important Team Hypershot Announcement!0
February 10, 2015 by Team Hypershot
Hello everyone! Things have been super busy here at Hypershot gaming. As some of you may have noticed, we have barely done any sort of streaming in the past 3 or so weeks. This is because of some exciting …
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Hypershot Arsenal: 4.2 Edition0
January 21, 2015 by Crimsonshade
Welcome back, Team Hypershot Fans! This week I wanted to do an article, but I didn't really have a focus. All of us at Team Hypershot are playing different decks, and attempting to use the brand new 4.2 cards to …
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Category Deck Lists, Hypershot Arsenal, SolForge | Tags: Crimsonshade, decklists, Decks, Hypershot, SolForge, Twitch
Follow us on Facebook!0
November 24, 2014 by Team Hypershot
Hello Forgeborn! Are you on Facebook? Of course you are! We have started a Team Hypershot Facebook page at http://www.facebook.com/teamhypershot and we would love to chat with you! Come check us out, ask us questions, show us your sweet …
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Category SolForge, Streams | Tags:
Attacking the Meta: A Whole New World0
November 14, 2014 by Crimsonshade
Hello everyone! Team Hypershot is still here, and back in action. We all just got busy with life, and the website and streaming took a backseat to that. Myself? I opened up a hobby game shop near where I live, …
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Forging a New Path: Introduction to Solforge PT. I0
August 22, 2014 by Catalyst
Hello, I am Catalyst of Team Hypershot and welcome to Forging a New Path. The point of Forging a New Path is to help explain the way Solforge works as a whole. There are a lot of game mechanics that …
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Category Forging a New Path | Tags: article, Attacking the Meta, beginner, Catalyst, Crimsonshade, Decks, explain, intro, SolForge, starter, Twitch
Arboris Deck Tech with Crimsonshade0
August 8, 2014 by Crimsonshade
Hello everyone! Crimsonshade here, and one of my viewers on my stream this week was wondering about the Arboris deck I was using to ALMOST go 4-0 in Constructed (I'll get there someday.. you'll see!). Here is the decklist, …
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Category Deck Lists, SolForge | Tags: Decks, SolForge
Crimsonshade going LIVE streaming Constructed Queues!0
August 7, 2014 by Crimsonshade
Hey everyone! Come watch Crimsonshade stream NU Flex along with other big Constructed players! http://www.twitch.tv/mtgolamminen
Category SolForge, Streams | Tags: Crimsonshade, SolForge, Twitch

subset: commoncrawl


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Harvest Moon Farms
By: Tamara Taylor (Nov 22, 2011)
I joined this CSA in 2011. I love the variety. I could not believe the difference in the asparagus from store bought. The food was outstanding - really. Farmer Bob and Jen are the real deal and really cared about my experience. I totally recommend this farm!!!!!
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#757 of 1357
Upta Camp, Maine,
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Millions of Satisfied Customers
12 Gauge Shotgun Shell
Bob Orsillo
Photograph - Original Fine Art Photography By Bob Orsillo
Federal 12 Gauge Shotgun Shell - Original fine art industrial bullet photography by Bob Orsillo
Copyright (c)Bob Orsillo / http://orsillo.com - All Rights Reserved.
Buy art online. Buy photography online.
Federal Field Load #5 12 Gauge Shotgun Shell
A shotgun shell or shotshell is a self-contained cartridge loaded with lead shot or a shotgun slug which is designed to be fired from a shotgun.
Most shotgun shells are designed to be fired from a smoothbore barrel, but dedicated shotguns with rifled barrels may take a number of different rounds. A rifled barrel will increase the accuracy of slugs, but makes it unsuitable for firing shot, as it imparts a spin to the shot cup, causing a centrifugal force that makes the shot form a hollow "O" shape in flight.
Non-lethal shotgun ammunition is available in the form of slugs made of low-density material, such as rubber
April 9th, 2013
Viewed 651 Times - Last Visitor from New York, NY on 07/05/2015 at 12:58 AM
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Dallas, TX - United States
As close as I want to be to a shotgun shell...great textures in this macro. fav
Whitestone, NY - United States
"Turning and turning in the widening gyre...The Falcon cannot hear the falconer...Things fall apart....The center cannot hold...Mere anarchy is loosened upon the world." William. Butler Yeats, The Second Coming
London, mi - United Kingdom
very beautiful gritty piece great study you are so creative fv
Grand Forks, BC - Canada
Beautiful capture of this brass slug, great macro for sure. Timely image!! F/V
San Francisco, CA - United States
Great tones and luminescence! f/v
Fort Collins, CO - United States
may be just birdshot but it's got a big kick!!!!
Toronto, ON - Canada
Lovely photo, v :)
Rochester, NY - United States
Great macro!
Newcastle, WY - United States
Hamilton, On - Canada
Ok I am guessing that is a bullet right? ..I love your very technical and law of physics explanations ..I do not anything at all about shell cases ..now what is that riffle used for..hunting duck? nahhh..that would probably make way too much noise..and scare them all..was that a historical wapon ? I love the different collor of the brass and the hit markes from the middle of the shot cup..I guess it was fired a few times! I guess I just git my answer to my question..I noticed the duck engraved into the shell case! Ducks have a short term memory and still comeback after earing the loud power of the riffle! ;-p Fav. Voted!
Wesley, ME - United States
Fantastic Macro shot! No pun intended.......love the texture and golden tones! WfnA v/f !
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Very cool macro! VF
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Headrest Printer Mounts - LEM Solutions
LEM Solutions has solved the "where do you put it" question with its patented...
The Vermont man who gained notoriety for using his father's tractor to crush seven police cars is a free man this Friday morning.
Roger Pion left the Northern State Correctional Facility, after supporters helped raised his $50,000 bail amount, reports the Newport Daily Express.
Pion is accused of destroying seven Orleans County Sheriff's Department vehicles in August. Pion told the Daily Express he has no regrets.
Vermont Cruiser Crusher Pleads Not Guilty
Angry Vt. Farmer Charged with Driving Tractor Over 7 Sheriff's Vehicles
Tags: Orleans County (Vt.) Sheriff, Heavy Equipment Rampages, Managing a Police Fleet, Vermont


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Top Definition
The act of using ones own ejaculate as a lubricant during masturbation.
Ever since I started practicing ejacubation, the scar tissue in my cock has diminshed greatly.
by filthy.black.hole April 11, 2014
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ready steady play
77 reviews
By installing you agree to the Terms of Use and other terms
PublisherCowboy Games
More from Cowboy Games
Download size47 MB
Content rating
Last updated1/5/2015
Works with
- Windows Phone 8.1
- Windows Phone 8
App requires
- phone identity
- music library
- media playback
- data services
- movement and directional sensor
- web browser component
- HD720P (720x1280)
- WVGA (480x800)
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Supported languages (13)
Deutsch English español français italiano 日本語 한국어 Nederlands Português русский Türkçe 中文(简体) 中文(繁體)
Ready Steady Play is a Wild West-themed game starring an affable cowboy and his trusty hobby horse. Easy to learn and hard to master, Ready Steady Play expands on the beautifully minimal aesthetic and gameplay of its predecessor, Ready Steady Bang. Jump in and play five addictively challenging games: • Shooting Gallery • Hobby Hurdles • Coin Shooter • Crazy Cattle • Disco Cowboy After months of hard work we are happy to release 2 brand new games at no extra cost: • Crazy Cattle • Disco Cowboy Enjoy, and please leave us a review to let us know what you think.
6/23/2015Good game! 😉
4/21/2015Just awesome...
4/7/2015Awsome game
4/2/2015This is the funniest it made me laugh The game Is addicting and its worth playing for #\100.....
3/19/2015Mt bom!!!
3/18/2015Super cute and really fun!!
2/1/2015This game is fun but my progress doesn't save. I unlock the later games by getting the ranks and once I close the game it erases all of my data and I have to start over again. Please fix it and I will rate 5 stars. Great game, terrible problem.
1/6/2015Great, so funny...
1/6/2015Really fun games.


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Poll: If iPhone 5 gets a new US carrier, should it be T-Mobile or Sprint?
With rumors of iPhone 5 potentially adding a third US carrier, would you rather that carrier be T-Mobile or Sprint?
T-Mobile is GSM like AT&T but would require different, AWS bands for 3G. They also offer "4G" over HSPA+, which iPhone 5 just might support. However, AT&T is trying to buy them, so they might get the iPhone that way sooner or later. Sprint is CDMA like Verizon but would need access to their network. They also offer "4G" over Wimax, which Apple will probably never support because LTE will be a much bigger, more global technology. (See our wireless networking glossary for what all those letters mean.)
If you could have only one for iPhone 5, T-Mobile or Sprint, which would it be?
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Get Used To It
by Paul on 03/30/08 at 09:54 PM ET
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from All Things Avs,
I'm officially throwing in the towel when it comes to trying to make sense of anything to do with Peter Forsberg. Really, I give up.
I will never, ever, write anything other than Forsberg is "questionable" to play a game. His latest absence is just another train wreck of head-scratching misinformation/mysteriousness.
I should have known better than to swallow the Avs' company line - again - yesterday, when I wrote what they said, that he was "likely" to play today in Minnesota. Forsberg did not play today, with yet another alleged "groin" injury.
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Select Local Merchants
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Falling In Reverse Singer Ronnie Radke's Accuser Tells Her Side of the Story
Earlier this week, we reported that Falling in Reverse frontman Ronnie Radke filed a defamation lawsuit against a woman who is accusing him of sexual assault.
Earlier this week, we reported that Falling in Reverse frontman Ronnie Radke filed a defamation lawsuit against a woman who is accusing him of sexual assault.
Yep, you read that title correctly. Falling in Reverse have covered the Coolio classic 'Gangsta's Paradise' for 'Punk Goes 90s Vol. 2.' The new CD contains some pretty impressive covers of 90s classics, but Falling in Reverse's contribution to the album has garnered a very polarizing response.
The second volume of 'Punk Goes '90s' will be released April 1, and it features modern artists covering classic '90s tracks. Prior to the disc's release, fans can check out the lyric video for Asking Alexandria's version of the Nine Inch Nails classic 'Closer' (watch above).
After a very close battle that came down to literally a handful of votes, Falling In Reverse has been unseated as the champ by Of Mice & Men. Tonight, The Used are back with a new track called Cry, from their Imaginary Enemy CD which drops on
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A system for mitigating the effects of interference in an unlicensed RF band for point to point data transmissions comprises a multibeam antenna locating interference with transmission to and from data transmission subscribers. A scanner determines the frequency, bandwidth and any periodicity of the interference. Separate scanners can be used for each antenna beam. Nulls are generated in the data transmission antenna pattern in the direction of the interference during periods of interference. Communications with subscribers in a direction of the interference is carried out using a different channel or is scheduled around the interference occurrences. Alternatively, such subscribers are directed to establish data transmissions with an alternate hub antenna.
1. A method for mitigating the effects of interference in an RF band data transmission system wherein transmitter and receiver are in fixed relationship to each other, said method comprising the steps of:
discerning a relative transmission rate to and from at least one subscriber of said data transmissions;
locating any interference with transmission to and from said subscriber;
ascertaining a type of said interference;
determining if said interference is periodic; and
generating a data transmission antenna pattern with a null in the direction of said interference during said interference.
2. The method of
3. The method of
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5. The method of
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7. The method of
8. A system for mitigating effects of interference for fixed transmitter and receiver unlicensed RF band data transmissions, said system comprising:
means for locating at least a direction of a source of any interference with transmission to and from at least one receiver of said data transmissions;
means for scanning said interference to determine, a frequency and bandwidth of said interference;
means for determining any periodicity of said interference; and
means for generating a data transmission antenna pattern with a null toward said interference during said interference.
9. The system of
10. The system of
11. The system of
12. The system of
13. The system of
14. A system for mitigating the effects of interference in an unlicensed RF band for point to multipoint data transmissions, said system comprising:
at least one multibeam antenna locating interference with transmission to and from at least one subscriber of said data transmissions; and
at least one scanner determining, a frequency, bandwidth and any periodicity of said interference;
wherein a data transmission antenna pattern with a null in the direction of said interference is generated during a period of said interference.
15. The system as defined in
16. The system of
17. The system of
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20. The system as defined in
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Currently, there are several so-called "last mile" and "last foot" data transmission systems which are designed to deliver high speed and/or high data capacity from the internet backbone to the end user. Several such systems use RF transmission to replace copper wire or fiber optic cables. Some of these systems are called point to point or point to multipoint systems and operate in the various licensed and unlicensed RF bands. A fundamental characteristic of such existing systems is that their RF transmissions occur in a frequency spectrum protected and regulated by a government body. These protected frequency spectrums, or bands, are licensed to certain license holders and only a few may operate in any given physical area depending upon the number of licenses available.
When operating in a licensed band the interference between transmissions is primarily self-interference and is thus controllable. Accordingly, noise (interference from another transmitter on the same frequency or on an interfering frequency) originates from a known source.
License holders are afforded protection from interference that is not self-generated which occurs within their allocated frequency band. Thus, in a protected band, if an interferer is detected, the licensed user could notify the FCC (or other regulating agency) and request that the agency investigate and rectify the problem. The regulations in the unlicensed bands differ in that systems must be designed to operate in the presence of interference and, in addition, must not generate interference. There are strict usage guidelines for the unlicensed spectrum. If an operator's equipment in not able to tolerate interference from a system complying with the FCC guidelines, then the operator cannot appeal to the FCC to alleviate the problem.
In licensed bands, such as the cellular telephone bands; the wireless multichannel multipoint distribution service (MMDS) frequencies, which are also used for fixed wireless; or local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) used for fixed wireless; if an operator were to detect interference in the band that was not self interference, the recourse would be to contact the FCC in order to have the government identify that source of interference and have the offending provider reduce or remove that interference. These bands are licensed, have been paid for and are owned by a certain operator.
Another method for reducing interference in the licensed bands, for a cellular or fixed wireless system, is through frequency planning of the system. The only true interference of concern within these licensed bands is self-interference. So, the operator is responsible for creating a system that has acceptable levels of background interference. Traditionally, operators have mitigated interference through frequency planning, cell location and sectorization of antennas. However, use of more sophisticated techniques is generally not necessary.
There are only a limited number of licensed bands in any geographic area, thus, in order to widen the choices consumers have, it is desirable for service providers to be able to use unlicensed RF bands to provide capability to deliver high speed, high capacity data services. In addition, a service provider may not hold licenses in every geographic area that it desires to provide service. Therefore, use of the unlicensed frequency bands may allow a service provider to cover a greater area.
In 1997 the FCC created a wireless arena called Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII). System operators are free to operate wireless equipment in three sub-bands (5.15 to 5.25 GHz, 5.25 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.825 GHz) without acquiring a licensed frequency spectrum. Part 15 of the FCC document specifies the conditions for operating wireless equipment in the U-NII frequency band. However, operators are not protected from possible interference from other U-NII operators transmitting in the vicinity or even other systems which utilize the same frequencies.
The IEEE, a standards group, is defining a wireless LAN standard, referred to as IEEE 802.11a for operation in the U-NII band. Equipment that conforms to this standard will operate indoors at the lower and middle frequency sub-band i.e. 5.15 to 5.25 GHz and 5.25 to 5.35 GHz. The ETSI BRAN group in Europe has defined an air interface standard for high-speed wireless LAN equipment that may operate in the U-NII frequency band. Equipment that is compatible with this standard may cause interference with use of these unlicensed bands.
One major problem with the use of such unlicensed bands is that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to control RF interference from other users of the unlicensed band. These other users may be using the selected unlicensed band for uses which are essentially different from that employed to deliver communication services. For example, the 5.25 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.825 GHz bands are available for use for outdoor data communication between two points. This is typically a wideband use. The same bands are also available for other applications including users such as government radar. When the same band is used for wideband communication, and also used by others for uses such as radar, data communications between sending and receiving antennas will experience significant interference from radar pulses, which are broadcast over a wide area in repetitive bursts.
In the current state of the art, there is no discrimination between narrow band or wideband interference. When interference is detected, it is usually based on a signal to noise ratio for any given channel, then the radio switches to a lower order modulation, from either 64QAM to 16QAM, or 16QAM to QPSK, or QPSK to BPSK. Such a lower modulation shift allows more tolerance for noise and interference, but significantly reduces the data rate. Similarly, for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), the modulation order of the subcarriers is optimized for any given signal to noise ratio.
The prior art of radar interference mitigation is intended for use in currently licensed RF bands. However, radar interference is not an issue of great concern in licensed bands because there is little or no such interference. Most licensed bands are free and clear of other harmful interferers originating from outside sources. Additionally, most unlicensed bands do not have strong radar interferers. However, there is other low level interference in the unlicensed RF bands. This interference is at a much lower level and has a different signature than high powered radar. Therefore, generally speaking, prior art interference mitigation systems do not detect radar interference nor do they attempt to avoid it.
An important issue in unlicensed frequency band data transmission is the large amount of interference that can be present within the system. Interference is generated within the system, as well as coming from outside sources. Interference can come from other operators in the U-NII bands, point-to-point microwave links operating in the bands, or high powered radar systems. In order to deploy a system with high through-put using these bands, it is necessary to mitigate the interference caused by these different sources. The interferences of primary concern for the present invention are point-to-point microwave links and radar pulses, due to their high power. Microwave link power can be on the order of 10 to 20 dB higher power than the output allowed for unlicensed point to multipoint systems. Radar systems can also be significantly higher powered, and thereby a destructive interference source for an unlicensed data transmission system. The two different types of interference have different impacts on the design of a RF data transmission network.
Generally speaking, these interferences are somewhat unique to unlicensed bands. It is practically impossible to keep out and control unwanted frequencies in these bands. The bands are by definition unlicensed and therefore available to anyone to use as long as the equipment complies with the FCC rules governing the unlicensed band
The creation of multiple antenna beams in the creation of specific antenna patterns, either permanently or from time to time, is well known in the art. For example, Reudink, U.S. Pat. No. 5,563,610, in part, shows such a system and is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention is directed to a system and method for point-to-multipoint RF data transmission interference mitigation using adaptive beam pattern (smart) antennas. A primary advantage of smart antennas in a fixed wireless data communication system is maximization of control over the radio frequency (RF) environment. Smart antennas can be used to increase the link signal margin by providing higher gain than conventional antennas and reduce multipath effects due to use of narrow, highly directional, antenna beams. The resultant reduction in interference, resulting in an increase in the carrier to interference (C/I) ratio, allows the use of higher levels of modulation resulting in increased through-put and/or increased range.
Fixed wireless data transmission systems operating in the unlicensed frequency bands face somewhat unique challenges. The interference present in these unlicensed bands is not necessarily a result of self interference, as common in licensed bands, but interference from foreign, outside sources. These foreign sources could include competing operators in the same band, point-to-point microwave links that are permitted to operate at higher power than point to multipoint data transmission systems, pulsed radar systems, or the like.
The interference sources of primary concern for the present invention are point-to-point microwave links and radar pulses. The present smart antenna system is able to identify the sources of interference and adapt the antenna pattern in order to mitigate the interference. The antenna pattern is adaptive in azimuth, elevation, range, and/or polarization. The adaptations differ between the uplink and downlink, and are used in combination with other interference mitigation techniques.
For example, a system, with a fixed coverage downlink channel and an adaptive uplink in which a periodic radar source interferes with communications from the subscriber units to the hub, if the location of the interference can be identified, the antenna system will place a null in the direction of the radar pulse. This way communication with other subscriber units can continue even when interference is present. Simultaneously, the hub will schedule transmissions from the subscriber that are not coincident with the radar pulse.
A continuous source of interference, such as a point-to-point radio, may result in certain portions of a cell being unavailable for coverage on a particular frequency, forcing a subscriber to communicate with an alternative hub, or changing frequencies between the subscriber and optimal hub.
The preferred method to deal with high levels of interference in the unlicensed band is through the use of smart antenna systems. Smart antennas can take different forms, with a simple smart antenna being a switched beam system. Such a system employs multiple narrow beams covering a sector. A sector may be, by way of example, 60 degrees to 120 degrees, or a full 360 degree area. Since narrow beams cover less area than a wide beam system, a reduced amount of interference is built into the network. Advantageously, the users of a fixed wireless system are, by definition, fixed and not moving. This allows scheduling of transmissions and receptions from particular users to take place on narrow beams around interference. Generally, each sector is assigned a specific frequency or set of frequencies.
More sophisticated smart antennas introduce nulls in the direction of interference. This enables communication with a user adjacent, but not in direct line with, the source of interference. For example, if a fixed point-to-point microwave link is in a particular direction from a base station, a null can be created in that direction, for that particular frequency and for that particular polarization. This allows communication with the users in other directions on that same frequency with the same polarization resulting in continued maximization of frequency use or through-put on the available band. To serve users in the direction of the interfering point-to-point source, either a different frequency or a different polarization can be used. Similar methods can be utilized for a pulse radar system, for example, where the interference is of a known periodicity, and the system reacts periodically to blank out data transmission in the direction of the interference coming from the radar.
Other irregular interference can be detected and nulls created to optimize the system to mitigate the effect of the interferences. Factors which must be taken into account for irregular interference includes the duration of the interference, the intensity and width of the interference, both in bandwidth and azimuth.
The present, sophisticated smart antenna system can steer in three dimensions. Therefore, the desired user can be located both in azimuth and elevation. The resultant communication is directly with that user and only with that user. This helps reduce self-interference throughout the network, since the data transmission system is not generating interference to different users within the system. It also helps avoid interfering with others using the unlicensed bands.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1A is a digramatic representation of an antenna beam pattern best suited for a system free of interference;
FIG. 1B is a digramatic representation of an antenna beam pattern having a null in the direction of a point-to-point interference and with an alternate channel directed to a subscriber in the null;
FIG. 2A is a digramatic representation of an antenna beam pattern best suited for a system free of interference;
FIG. 2B is a digramatic representation of an antenna beam pattern having a null in the direction of a wideband interference source;
FIG. 3 is a digramatic representation of an antenna beam pattern for locating an interferer and forming a null in the direction of the interferer;
FIG. 4A is a flow chart of the present method for point-to-multipoint RF data transmission interference mitigation using adaptive beam pattern antennas, for transmissions; and
FIG. 4B is a flow chart of the preset method for use with reception.
Turning now to FIG. 1A there is shown antenna base station or hub antenna 10 with a plurality of subscriber stations S1 through S5, all in direct communication with hub antenna 10. The subscriber units S1 through S5 generally use directional antennas directed at the hub to communicate with central hub antenna 10. Generally, FIG. 1A shows a system that is not experiencing any interference. The antenna pattern 11A is generally circular, because there is no need to distort the pattern. This pattern or cell 11A is initially designed to give maximum communication coverage to the subscribers that are currently in communication with antenna 10.
Generally speaking, the hub antenna is comprised of several sectorized antennas, by way of example, 60 degrees wide. Six such sectorized antennas are used to create omnidirectional coverage. A conventional omnidirectional antenna would not be utilized, due to an inability to take full advantage of available frequencies through a frequency reuse plan. Nonetheless, coverage by the sectorized antennas would be uniform, assuming flat earth and terrain. In FIG. 1A, the coverage is provided by channel A. A channel in the present RF data transmission system is a frequency with an associated polarization. The same channel might not be used to cover 360 degrees. For example, each of the sectors of the sectorized antennas could have a particular channel, frequency and/or polarization.
With attention directed to FIG. 1B, we see that the coverage of the cell has been disrupted by point-to-point link 12. Points 13 and 14 are the end points of point-to-point link 12. Link 12 is using the same frequency used in the sector which contains subscriber S2. If the interfering link 12 was not present, it would not be necessary to change frequency. However, the frequency in use by adjacent cells or sectors might dictate use of the present frequency.
Because the RF data transmission system is using unlicensed bands, there can be another point-to-point system with an interfering signal 12, which is using the same, or an interfering, frequency or channel. If communication between hub antenna 10 and subscriber S2 on the same frequency as the rest of the subscribers was desired, it would be necessary to switch all of the subscribers S1-S5 to a different frequency.
However, using the present invention as shown in FIG. 1B, there is constructed a radiation pattern 11B, which creates a null in the direction of signal 12. Pattern 11B uses the same channel, A as shown in FIG. 1A, with the same frequency and same polarizations. Therefore, all of the subscribers, except for subscriber S2, would continue to communicate on the same frequency and same polarization as previously shown in FIG. 1A. Thereby, the frequency plan throughout the system can be maintained. If an interfering point-to-point link 12 is established after the cells are deployed, it is compensated for through the use of a smart antenna changing the beam pattern. Generally, such interfering links will not cover a large portion of a cell. Therefore only a small part of the cell, by way of example, a five degree wide path, would need to be altered in order to compensate. Within the null of pattern 11B, there is created another channel, channel B, shown with radiation pattern 11C. Hence, a different frequency and/or polarization from the frequency and/or polarization from the interfering signal 12 is used to communicate with subscriber S2.
FIG. 2A shows a uniform interference free antenna pattern similar to FIG. 1A. As shown in FIG. 2B a high power periodic interferer 21 sends a signal 20 into the radiation pattern 20A. The uniform radiation pattern 20A, shown in FIG. 2A, will be sufficient during times when interfering source 20 is not present. The difference between interfering source 20 and point-to-point link 12, described in relation to FIG. 1B, is that source 20 is a wideband interfering source. No communication could take place in the entire U-NII band while such interference is present. Therefore, another frequency or polarization could not be used at that specific time to serve user S2. The affected user S2 could only be served when interfering source 20 is not present. Instead of ceasing communications with all users during the period that interfering source 20 is present, radiation pattern 20B can be generated. Thereby, communication is maintained with the other users in the cell, such as S1 and S3-S5 during the time of interference. When the interference is removed the cell reverts back to antenna pattern 20A, serving all the users, including user S2.
The interfering sources, either periodic source 20 or point-to-point link 12 can be identified using omnidirectional antennas or through directional antennas. The disadvantage of using an omnidirectional antenna is that the exact location of the source is difficult to ascertain. To facilitate creation of an antenna pattern from the hub that involves such an interfering source, the location and/or direction of the interfering source needs to be known. The location of the source can be found using multiple narrow beam antennas. For example, if the cell is divided up into 36 sectors, each sector using a 10 degree antenna, then the location of the interfering source can be narrowed down to a 10 degree arc.
FIG. 3 shows one implementation where multiple narrow beams, such as beams 30A-E, are used to cover a cell site. These antenna beams may be used only to identify the location of an interferer, or also for communication. For example, interfering source 301, generating interfering signal 302 is found on beam 30D. Connection 31 extends between the antennas generating beams 30A-E and switch 32. The switch 32 is in turn connected to scanning receiver 33. The scanning receiver 33 is capable of scanning all of the frequencies in the band of interest. Alternatively, multiple scanning receivers 33, for example, one per beam will allow elimination of switch 32. Multiple scanning receivers might be necessary in order to identify pulses that have a very short duration. Scanning receivers 33 activates switch 32 in response to identification of an interference source, controlling input to the antennas. Using the scanning receiver, switch and antenna system the direction of the interference can be determined, which facilitates creating the radiation pattern shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B.
When interference does not impinge on base station antenna 10, but does impinge on one or more subscribers S1-S5, then the subscribers losing communications report back to the base station. Alternatively, a subscriber's lack of acknowledgment of the proper signals would tell the base station that there is an interferer with respect to that/those subscriber stations. In response to the report or lack of acknowledgment, the antenna pattern of the base station is modified to accommodate the interfering signal.
The present method of an adaptive antenna pattern can be used in a frequency duplex system where transmission and reception are taking place on different frequencies. In such case different patterns can be generated for transmission and reception. For example, point-to-point link 12 may only disrupt hub reception from users, but transmission to those users might not be impaired. Also, these patterns are easily generated with a TDD system where the same frequency is used for both transmission and reception but at different times. In this case, if the interference is periodic or comes at a known time, the scheduling of the transmission can take place around occurrences of the interference.
Turning to FIG. 4A the method for practicing the present invention when transmitting is illustrated. Once a determination is made at 401 that the system is transmitting, a general uniform coverage antenna pattern is generated at box 402. The transmission rate available to each subscriber is monitored at box 403. If the transmission rate is optimal then the uniform coverage antenna pattern is maintained. However, if this rate is not optimal a determination is made at 404 whether interference is present. If interference is not present then the gain to the subscriber is increased at box 405 and a determination of the available transmission rate is again made at 403. If at 404 it is determined that interference is present, the location or direction of the interference and its type are determined at box 406. Then at 407 a determination is made as to whether the interference is periodic. If a determination at 407 is made that the interference is not periodic then, a new antenna pattern is generated with a null in the direction of the interference, box 408. Users in the direction of the interference are served using a alternative frequency and/or polarization, box 408. Alternatively, the effected subscribers can be directed to use a different hub, box 408. All other transmissions to subscribers outside the null proceed normally, box 408. If a determination is made at box 407 that the interference is periodic, a new antenna pattern with a null in the direction of the interference, coinciding with the occurrence of the interference is created, box 409. Transmissions to subscribers in the direction of the interference are made during clear times when the interference is not present and all other transmissions proceed normally, box 409. Then the maximum transmission rate available to each subscriber is again evaluated at 403 and the process, steps 404 through 409 repeated.
Once a determination is made at 401 that the system is transmitting, the method for practicing the present invention when transmitting as illustrated in FIG. 4B is employed. A general uniform coverage antenna pattern is generated at box 410. The transmission rate available from each subscriber is monitored at box 411. If the transmission rate is optimal then the uniform coverage antenna pattern is maintained. However, if this rate is not optimal a determination is made at 412 whether interference is present. If interference is not present then the gain from the subscriber is increased at box 413 and a determination of the available transmission rate is again made at 411. If at 412 it is determined that interference is present, the location or direction of the interference and its type are determined at box 414. Then a determination is made as to whether the interference is periodic, at 415. If a determination at 415 is made that the interference is not periodic, then as indicated in box 416, a new antenna pattern is generated with a null in the direction of the interference. Users in the direction of the interference are served using a alternative frequency and/or polarization, box 416. Alternatively, the effected subscribers can be directed to use a different hub, box 416. All other transmissions to subscribers outside the null proceed normally, box 416. If at 415 it is determined that the interference is periodic, a new antenna pattern with a null in the direction of the interference, coinciding with the occurrence of the interference, is created, box 417. Transmissions to subscribers in the direction of the interference are made during clear times when the interference is not present, box 417. All other transmissions proceed normally, box 417. Then the maximum transmission rate available from each subscriber is again evaluated at 411 and steps 412 through 417 of the process are repeated.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
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Brand N A Model RD612 Qty 1 piece s per pack Color Black + white Material ABS Specification Solar powered, Dynamo powered, DC in 5V; AM FM digital scan radio; 3-LED
Multi-Functional Hand Cranked 3-Mode 80~100lm LED White Zooming Flashlight - Black + Silver
Quantity 1 Color Black + silver Material Aluminum alloy + ABS Power Mode Hand-crank Functions Great for lighting in the dark Emitter Type LED Emitter Number 1 Light
Outdoor Rechargeable Hand Cranked 180lm White Zooming Flashlight w/ CREE XR-E - Black + Green
Lo mode Beam Range 200m Other Feature Long life, beam range up to 200~300; LED bulb life up to 100,000 hours; Intelligent digital circuit control, linear output; High
Multi-Functional Hand Cranked 3-Mode 80~100lm LED White Zooming Flashlight - Yellow
Quantity 1 Color Yellow Material Aluminum alloy + ABS Power Mode Hand-crank Functions Great for lighting in the dark Emitter Type LED Emitter Number 1 Light Color White
Outdoors Hand-Cranking Emergency Rechargeable 3-LED Flashlight w/ FM Radio - Silver + Black
Quantity 1 Color Silver + black Material ABS Power Mode Hand-crank Functions Hand-cranking rechargeable emergency flashlight Emitter Type LED Emitter Number 3 Light
LM393 Comparator Speed Sensor Module for Arduino (Works with Official Arduino Boards)
: 3.3~12V; Output format: 0 and 1 digit Application widely be used in dynamo speed detecting or Arduino DIY project Packing List 1 x Speed sensor module
» Sensors
3-LED Battery-free Hand-Crank Dynamo Flashlight
- LED's of high bright
- Exquisite design and travel weight
- Lighting time after 1 minute cranking: 18 minutes
- Made with plastics of good quality
- Comes with a
3-LED Battery-free Hand-Crank Dynamo Headlamp
- Ultra bright LED lights with multi condensing mirrors
- Adjustable headstrap & Inclination
- Cranking for power generation
- Switch model: 1 LED - 3 LED's - strobe
(3 Reviews)
3-LED Dynamo Battery-free Headlamp
» Headlamps
3-LED Dynamo Battery-free Flashlight
- Recharges by repeatedly pulling a "starter" cord on the tail - Analog output adjustment dial allows changing brightness to the exact amount you want - Small form-factor
(61 Reviews)
Mini Dynamo 3-LED Battery-free Flashlight
- 3 white LED totals 100000mcd put out 8 lumens of light - 3-mode clicky on off switch: 1-LED, 3-LED, 3-LED Strobe 2Hz - 1 LED Runtime after 1 minute of cranking at
Army Knife 3-LED Dynamo Flashlight with Compass
» Shovels & Camp Tool
0.5W LED Dynamo Battery-free Generator GITD Flashlight
- Features a 0.5W LED emitter - Glow-in-the-Dark switch - Hand-Crank Power Generator - Water Resistant - Rugged rubberized body - Comes in retail packaging
Dynamo Battery-free 3-LED Bike Lamp
(12 Reviews)
» Bike Lights
Compact Hand-Crank Dynamo Charger for Cellphones
- Both a LED light and a cellphone charger
- Its interface for the cellphone is 3 millimeters in diameter
- Hand dynamo, battery free
- Just plug in your cellphone, give
Hand Crank Battery-Free Dynamo White 3-LED Flashlight - Red
- Material: ABS plastic housing
- Convenient hand crank flashlight
- No battery needed
- Emitter Type: LED
- Total Emitters: 3
- Color BIN: White
- Luminous flux: 240LM
3-LED Dynamo Hand-Crank Flashlight and Cell Phone Charger
up to 8Min - Revolutionary self-powered technology never needs battery replacement - Recharge over and over simply by winding the handle - Super-bright LED lights never
Dynamo Generator Tiltable Head 3-LED Flashlight
Hand Crank Battery-Free Dynamo White 3-LED Flashlight - Blue
(15 Reviews)
Dynamo Battery-free Hand Powered 2 LED Flashlight
- Note : this product may be shipped in silver color when the displayed black color is unavailable. -Absolutely battery-free -On off button -Powered by rotating the handl
Mini 2-LED Hand-Crank Dynamo Flashlight Keychain
- Note: this product may be shipped in Silver or Black when the displayed color is unavailable.
Dynamo Hand-Crank 9-LED Flashlight with Cell Phone Charger
(11 Reviews)
Mini 3-in-1 Dynamo Hand-Crank Vibrating Massager with Flashlight and Nokia Charger
worry about running out of batteries - Also features a 3-LED white beam flashlight and a Nokia cell phone charger cable check pictures for phone compatibility - Flashlight
Hand Crank Powered 3-LED 23000MCD White Dynamo Flashlight - Silver + Black
Quantity 1 Color Silver + black Material ABS Power Mode Hand-crank Functions One mode lightning Emitter Type LED Emitter Number 3 Light Color White Voltage 3.6 V Lumen
Hand Cranked 30lm 3-LED White Light Dynamo Flashlight with Strap - Yellow + Grey
Model 6803 Quantity 1 Color Yellow + Grey Material Plastic Power Mode Hand-crank Functions Lighting Emitter Type LED Emitter Number 3 Light Color White Lumen 30lm
Hand-Pulling Rechargeable 2-LED White Light Dynamo Flashlight
- ABS material
- 2 bright white LED emitters
- Built-in 3.6V 40mAh NI-MH rechargeable battery
- Just pull the strap for 1 minute, the light can last for 30 minutes
Hand-Crank Dynamo Battery-Free 5-LED Camping Lantern with Radio
- 360 degree beams without shadow, flash and heat
- Camping lantern is very bright and saving power
- It's designed to protect from rain, you can use it the whole day
2-LED Dynamo Battery-Free Hand Pressed LED Flashlight
- ABS case with different colors
- Brightness of per LED is between 10,000-12,000 MCD. LED can work over 100,000 hrs.
- No batteries needed, rechargeable battery built
- Brightness 12000 LED - No battery needed, equiped with built-in battery and just press 1 minute can lighting 4-5 minutes - Wrap strap design, convenient to use and
(6 Reviews)
TEKNIKA RD-322 Solar / Dynamo Power AM / FM Digital Radio / Flashlight - Black + White
1.3" LCD display screen; White backlight; AM: 522~1710KHz, FM: 87.5~108MHz; 1000mAh lithium battery; 3-LED flashlight; Interface: 3.5mm earphone power port SD slot USB 2
Hand Cranked Dynamo + Solar Powered 3-LED White Light Flashlight with Radio and Alarm
- Can also be powered by DC 5V power
- 3-LED white lights included
- With siren function
- With USB port, can be used as emergency charger for cell phone
- Strap included for
Forest Tiger SLH-H802 AC / Hand-Crank 100lm 3-Mode Zooming Dynamo Flashlight - Black
Brand: Forest Tiger Model: SLH-H802 Material: Plastic housing Emitter Brand: Cree LED Type: XP-E BIN: Q3 Color: Cool white 6800K Number of Emitters: 1 Voltage Input: 3.7
Forest Tiger SLH-H802 AC / Hand-Crank 100lm 3-Mode Zooming Dynamo Flashlight - Red
2-in-1 Hand Cranked Dynamo + Solar Powered Self-Recharge 3-LED Flashlight
typically ships in 30 days or more depends on the products sales.
- Features 3 bright white LED emitters
- 360 degree continued hand-shaking dynamoelectric character
- Solar
(9 Reviews)
MKDPL-02 Mini 5lm 3-LED White String Dynamo Dimming Flashlight - Silver + Grey + Green
Brand NO Model MKDPL-02 Quantity 1 Color Silver + Grey + Green Material ABS Power Mode Hand-crank Functions Provides lights for outdoor emergency Emitter Type LED
Cute Piggy 2-LED Squeeze Powered Battery-Free Dynamo Flashlight (Pink)
- Features 2 bright white LED emitters - Dual-mode power: hand pressing power generation, or powered by built-in emergency batteries - 2-mode switch: emergency power and
Mouse Style 3-LED Dynamo Battery-Free Flashlight with Money Detector
Mini Rat Dynamo Battery-Free Hand Pressing LED Flashlight
- Note: this product may arrive in other colors when the displayed color is out of stock.
Super Mini 2-LED Hank-Crank Battery-Free Dynamo Flashlight Keychain
- Smallest eletricity generating hand cranked dynamo flashlighit - 2 bright white LEDs - Comes with a keychain loop - A perfect carry around gadget as the "battery
(59 Reviews)
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text:
501 Ste Genevieve Avenue
Farmington, MO 63640-0636
Farmington, MO 63640-0636
Tel: (573)756-6312
Our mission is to place Christ at the center of all we do through spiritual education, communication and teamwork, innovative educational experiences, and service. St. Joseph Catholic School is participating in the Virtue Based Restorative Discipline (VBRD) Program with the anticipation of becoming a Virtue Based School by the end of the school year. This is a program that cultivates virtue and provides a rich foundation for fostering faith both at home and at school. This program shapes attitudes and behaviors that create a positive school and home climate. Students and parents will be learning about a virtue each month including the cardinal (prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance) and theological (faith, hope, and charity) virtues and studying a saint each month that models that virtue. Academically, our students score above the national average on standardized tests. Students are challenged through various types of instruction in order to maximize learning for each student. Academics teamed with the Virtue Based Restorative Discipline Program provide our students with the leadership skills, discipline, knolwedge and educational tools to excel at the next educational level.
School Overview
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|National Catholic Educational Association (NCEA)
|Religious Affiliation
|Roman Catholic
|Grades Offered
|Grades Prekindergarten - 8
|Learning Difference Programs
|Year Founded
Student Body
|Total Students
|145 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 18%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|10 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|Average Class Size
|13 students
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
|Tuition Notes
|Please contact the school for tuition information.
|Total Sports Offered
|5 sports
|Basketball, Cheering, Golf, Soccer, VolleyballBasketball, Cheering,
Golf, Soccer,
|Total ExtracurricularsTotal Extra-curric.
|11 extracurriculars
|Altar Servers (graces 5 - 8), Archdiocese Song Festival, Art Club, Art Contests and Shows, Boy Scouts, Choir, Game Club, Girl Scouts, Service Projects, Spelling Bee, Student Council Art Club, Boy Scouts, Choir, Game Club, Girl Scouts, Spelling Bee, Altar Servers (graces 5 - 8),
Archdiocese Song Festival,
Art Contests and Shows,
Service Projects,
Student Council,
Nearby Schools:
All Schools | High Schools | Elementary Schools | Preschools | Public Schools
Show me:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
FarmingtonSt Paul Lutheran School
608 E Columbia St
Farmington, MO 63640
(573)756-5147(Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod)0.2 mi | 319 students | Gr. PK-8
Saint MarySacred Heart School
17740 State Route N
Saint Mary, MO 63673
(573)543-2997(Roman Catholic)3.6 mi | 18 students | Gr. KG-5
Sainte GenevieveHope Christian Academy
12622 State Route O
Sainte Genevieve, MO 63670
(573)483-3570(Christian)15.2 mi | 11 students | Gr. 5-11
Sainte GenevieveSt. Joseph Elementary School
11822 Zell Rd
Sainte Genevieve, MO 63670
(573)883-5097(Roman Catholic)19 mi | 47 students | Gr. K-6
BloomsdaleSt. Agnes Catholic Elementary School
Po Box 154
Bloomsdale, MO 63627
(573)483-2506(Roman Catholic)23.2 mi | 165 students | Gr. PK-8
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Updated June 28, 2015
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Twentieth Century Fox has unveiled four new posters for its upcoming "Gone Girl," unveiling clues about the film's mystery and teasing a new trailer.
In the movie, based on Gillian Flynn's best-selling novel of the same name, Ben Affleck plays Nick Dunne, the prime suspect in his wife's mysterious disappearance on their fifth wedding anniversary. His wife, Amy Dunne, is played by Rosamund Pike.
One poster contains a wedding photo of the two, contained in a bag labeled "evidence." The tagline "Happy Anniversary" adds to the eerie tone.
The three additional posters contain mementos that reveal clues to Amy's vanishing, including a red thong, a bit from her diary and a scalpel.
The posters also reveal that a new trailer for the David Fincher-directed pic will drop July 7. The first trailer was released back in April.
"Gone Girl" is set to hit theaters Oct. 3.
Related storiesFirst Look at 'Batman v. Superman' Star Henry Cavill On Set as Clark KentWatch: Matt Damon, Ben Affleck Announce 'Project Greenlight' Details in PromoJason Momoa to Play Aquaman in 'Batman V. Superman' 2014 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLCCopyright © 2015, Hartford Courant