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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering
E-Print Network [OSTI]
#12;#12;2008 Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering Staff Report Federal Energy metering penetration and potential peak load reduction from demand response have increased since 2006. Significant activity to promote demand response or to remove barriers to demand response occurred at the state
Tesfatsion, Leigh
Industrial Demand Module
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Boiler, Steam, and Cogeneration (BSC) Component. The BSC Component satisfies the steam demand from the PA and BLD Components. In some industries, the PA Component produces...
Demand Response and Smart Metering Policy Actions Since the Energy...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
This report represents a review of policy developments on demand response and other related areas such as smart meters and smart grid. It has been prepared by the Demand Response...
Smart Metering and Electricity Demand: Technology, Economics and International Experience
www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk E P R G W O R K IN G P A P E R Abstract Smart Metering and Electricity Demand: Technology, Economics and International Experience EPRG Working Paper EPRG0903 Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 0905 Aoife... Brophy Haney, Tooraj Jamasb and Michael G. Pollitt In recent years smart metering of electricity demand has attracted attention around the world. A number of countries and regions have started deploying new metering systems; and many others have...
Brophy Haney, A; Jamasb, Tooraj; Pollitt, Michael G.
Unlocking the potential for efficiency and demand response through advanced metering
Advanced Metering, Demand Response, and Dynamic Pricing. �for Efficiency and Demand Response through Advanced Meteringenergy efficiency and demand response programs. Without
Levy, Roger; Herter, Karen; Wilson, John
Industrial Equipment Demand and Duty Factors
Demand and duty factors have been measured for selected equipment (air compressors, electric furnaces, injection molding machines, centrifugal loads, and others) in industrial plants. Demand factors for heavily loaded air compressors were near 100...
Dooley, E. S.; Heffington, W. M.
Industrial Demand-Side Management in Texas
of programs result in lower consumption and/or lower peak demand, and ultimately reduce the need to build new capacity. Hence demand-side management can be used as a resource option to be considered alongside more traditional supply-side resources in a...INDUSTRIAL DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT IN TEXAS Danielle Jaussaud Economic Analysis Section Public Utility Commission of Texas Austin, Texas ABSTRACT The industrial sector in Texas is highly energy intensive and represents a large share...
Jaussaud, D.
Deployment of Behind-The-Meter Energy Storage for Demand Charge...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Deployment of Behind-The- Meter Energy Storage for Demand Charge Reduction J. Neubauer and M. Simpson Technical Report NRELTP-5400-63162 January 2015 NREL is a national laboratory...
Opportunities, Barriers and Actions for Industrial Demand Response in California
13 Table 2. Demand Side Management Framework for IndustrialDR Strategies The demand-side management (DSM) frameworkpresented in Table 2. Demand Side Management Framework for
McKane, Aimee T.
Demand Side Management Framework for Industrial Facilities provides three major areas for changing electric loads in industrial buildings:
industrial demand response (DR) with energy efficiency (EE) to most effectively use electricity and natural gas
Demand-Side Response from Industrial Loads
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Through a research study funded by the Department of Energy, Smart Grid solutions company ENBALA Power Networks along with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have geospatially quantified the potential flexibility within industrial loads to leverage their inherent process storage to help support the management of the electricity grid. The study found that there is an excess of 12 GW of demand-side load flexibility available in a select list of top industrial facilities in the United States. Future studies will expand on this quantity of flexibility as more in-depth analysis of different industries is conducted and demonstrations are completed.
Starke, Michael R [ORNL; Alkadi, Nasr E [ORNL; Letto, Daryl [Enbala Power Networks; Johnson, Brandon [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Dowling, Kevin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); George, Raoule [Enbala Power Networks; Khan, Saqib [University of Texas, Austin
demand response programs identifies three clusters of industries as the key participants: � petroleum, plastic,Demand Response Potential from Audit Database Top 25 Industries by Average kW Table 1 3344 Semiconductors & Electronics 3261 Plastic
Demand Controlled Filtration in an Industrial Cleanroom
In an industrial cleanroom, significant energy savings were realized by implementing two types of demand controlled filtration (DCF) strategies, one based on particle counts and one on occupancy. With each strategy the speed of the recirculation fan filter units was reduced to save energy. When the control was based on particle counts, the energy use was 60% of the baseline configuration of continuous fan operation. With simple occupancy sensors, the energy usage was 63% of the baseline configuration. During the testing of DCF, no complaints were registered by the operator of the cleanroom concerning processes and products being affected by the DCF implementation.
Faulkner, David; DiBartolomeo, Dennis; Wang, Duo
Industrial demand side management: A status report
This report provides an overview of and rationale for industrial demand side management (DSM) programs. Benefits and barriers are described, and data from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey are used to estimate potential energy savings in kilowatt hours. The report presents types and examples of programs and explores elements of successful programs. Two in-depth case studies (from Boise Cascade and Eli Lilly and Company) illustrate two types of effective DSM programs. Interviews with staff from state public utility commissions indicate the current thinking about the status and future of industrial DSM programs. A comprehensive bibliography is included, technical assistance programs are listed and described, and a methodology for evaluating potential or actual savings from projects is delineated.
Hopkins, M.F.; Conger, R.L.; Foley, T.J. [and others
Deployment of Behind-The-Meter Energy Storage for Demand Charge Reduction
This study investigates how economically motivated customers will use energy storage for demand charge reduction, as well as how this changes in the presence of on-site photovoltaic power generation, to investigate the possible effects of incentivizing increased quantities of behind-the-meter storage. It finds that small, short-duration batteries are most cost effective regardless of solar power levels, serving to reduce short load spikes on the order of 2.5% of peak demand. While profitable to the customer, such action is unlikely to adequately benefit the utility as may be desired, thus highlighting the need for modified utility rate structures or properly structured incentives.
Neubauer, J.; Simpson, M.
Demand Response Opportunities in Industrial Refrigerated Warehouses in
LBNL-4837E Demand Response Opportunities in Industrial Refrigerated Warehouses in California Sasank thereof or The Regents of the University of California. #12;Demand Response Opportunities in Industrial centralized control systems can be excellent candidates for Automated Demand Response (Auto- DR) due
Opportunities, Barriers and Actions for Industrial Demand Response in
LBNL-1335E Opportunities, Barriers and Actions for Industrial Demand Response in California A.T. Mc of Global Energy Partners. This work described in this report was coordinated by the Demand Response Demand Response in California. PIER Industrial/Agricultural/Water EndUse Energy Efficiency Program. CEC
Analysis of PG E's residential end-use metered data to improve electricity demand forecasts
It is generally acknowledged that improvements to end-use load shape and peak demand forecasts for electricity are limited primarily by the absence of reliable end-use data. In this report we analyze recent end-use metered data collected by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company from more than 700 residential customers to develop new inputs for the load shape and peak demand electricity forecasting models used by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company and the California Energy Commission. Hourly load shapes are normalized to facilitate separate accounting (by the models) of annual energy use and the distribution of that energy use over the hours of the day. Cooling electricity consumption by central air-conditioning is represented analytically as a function of climate. Limited analysis of annual energy use, including unit energy consumption (UEC), and of the allocation of energy use to seasons and system peak days, is also presented.
Eto, J.H.; Moezzi, M.M.
Prison Industries Metering at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice: Two Years of Operational Experience
PRISON INDUSTRIES METERING AT THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE: TWO YEARS OF OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE John A. Bryant John R. McBride Tom Merka Assistant Professor Chief Executive Officer Director of Utilities & Energy Texas A... in the use of energy metering to promote cost-effective prison operation. REFERENCES 1. John A. Bryant, John McBride, Tom Merka, ?State-of-the-Art Energy Sub-metering Texas Department of Criminal Justice Industries,? Proceedings of the 1st...
Bryant, J.; McBride, J.; Merka, T.
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment Surfaces andMapping theEnergy StorageAdvancedMetamaterials Researchsc 620 Meters ~
Independent Demand Models Non Linear (Chemical Industry -take or pay)
casesshippedperweek #12;High Variability Between Forecast and Actual · Demand in relation to the forecast means almostIndependent Demand Models · Non Linear (Chemical Industry - take or pay) · Deterministic Simulation (make to stock - lumpy demand) · Mathematical Programming (family structure - near optimum) · Heuristic
Brock, David
Demand Side Dispatching, Part 2: An Industrial Application
DEMAND SIDE DISPATCHING, Part 2: AN INDUSTRIAL APPUCATION Ravi Nath Donald A. Cerget Edward T. Henderson Sr. Consultant Sr. Account Executive Sr. Engineer Linnhoff March, Inc. Detroit Edison Detroit Edison Houston, TX Detroit, M1 Detroit, M1...
Nath, R.; Cerget, D. A.; Henderson, E. T.
Energy and Demand Savings from Implementation Costs in Industrial Facilities
1 ENERGY AND DEMAND SAVINGS FROM IMPLEMENTATION COSTS IN INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES 1 Razinha, J.A. and Heffington, W.M. Industrial Assessment Center and Mechanical Engineering Department Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.... noted that a direct calculation of cost savings from the implementation cost could eliminate as much as 30% of the preparation time (and associated cost) for the LoanSTAR reports. The savings result from not having to calculate energy or demand...
Razinha, J. A.; Heffington, W. M.
Assessment of Industrial Load for Demand Response across Western Interconnect
Demand response (DR) has the ability to both increase power grid reliability and potentially reduce operating system costs. Understanding the role of demand response in grid modeling has been difficult due to complex nature of the load characteristics compared to the modeled generation and the variation in load types. This is particularly true of industrial loads, where hundreds of different industries exist with varying availability for demand response. We present a framework considering industrial loads for the development of availability profiles that can provide more regional understanding and can be inserted into analysis software for further study. The developed framework utilizes a number of different informational resources, algorithms, and real-world measurements to perform a bottom-up approach in the development of a new database with representation of the potential demand response resource in the industrial sector across the U.S. This tool houses statistical values of energy and demand response (DR) potential by industrial plant and geospatially locates the information for aggregation for different territories without proprietary information. This report will discuss this framework and the analyzed quantities of demand response for Western Interconnect (WI) in support of evaluation of the cost production modeling with power grid modeling efforts of demand response.
Alkadi, Nasr E [ORNL; Starke, Michael R [ORNL; Ma, Ookie [United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
How Can China Lighten Up? Urbanization, Industrialization and Energy Demand Scenarios
on the forecast of total energy demand. Based on this, weIndustrialization and Energy Demand Scenarios Nathaniel T.adjustment spurred energy demand for construction of new
Aden, Nathaniel T.
A dynamic model of industrial energy demand in Kenya
This paper analyses the effects of input price movements, technology changes, capacity utilization and dynamic mechanisms on energy demand structures in the Kenyan industry. This is done with the help of a variant of the second generation dynamic factor demand (econometric) model. This interrelated disequilibrium dynamic input demand econometric model is based on a long-term cost function representing production function possibilities and takes into account the asymmetry between variable inputs (electricity, other-fuels and Tabour) and quasi-fixed input (capital) by imposing restrictions on the adjustment process. Variations in capacity utilization and slow substitution process invoked by the relative input price movement justifies the nature of input demand disequilibrium. The model is estimated on two ISIS digit Kenyan industry time series data (1961 - 1988) using the Iterative Zellner generalized least square method. 31 refs., 8 tabs.
Haji, S.H.H. [Gothenburg Univ. (Sweden)
The Impact of Control Technology on the Demand Response Potential of California Industrial Refrigerated Facilities Final Report
and Automated Demand Response in Industrial RefrigeratedDemand Response .. ..Technology on the Demand Response Potential of California
Scott, Doug
Emerging Technologies for Industrial Demand-Side Management
as demand-side management strategies for industrial consumers of electricity. An alternative strategy to replacing aging electric motors with high efficiency or ASD motors is a turbine let-down. A turbine letdown is a turbine which uses pressure reduction...
Neely, J. E.; Kasprowicz, L. M.
and Techniques for Demand Response, report for theand Reliability Demand Response Programs: Final Report.Demand Response
In 2006 the Demand Response Research Center (DRRC) formed an Industrial Demand Response Team to investigate opportunities and barriers to implementation of Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR) systems in California industries. Auto-DR is an open, interoperable communications and technology platform designed to: Provide customers with automated, electronic price and reliability signals; Provide customers with capability to automate customized DR strategies; Automate DR, providing utilities with dispatchable operational capability similar to conventional generation resources. This research began with a review of previous Auto-DR research on the commercial sector. Implementing Auto-DR in industry presents a number of challenges, both practical and perceived. Some of these include: the variation in loads and processes across and within sectors, resource-dependent loading patterns that are driven by outside factors such as customer orders or time-critical processing (e.g. tomato canning), the perceived lack of control inherent in the term 'Auto-DR', and aversion to risk, especially unscheduled downtime. While industry has demonstrated a willingness to temporarily provide large sheds and shifts to maintain grid reliability and be a good corporate citizen, the drivers for widespread Auto-DR will likely differ. Ultimately, most industrial facilities will balance the real and perceived risks associated with Auto-DR against the potential for economic gain through favorable pricing or incentives. Auto-DR, as with any ongoing industrial activity, will need to function effectively within market structures. The goal of the industrial research is to facilitate deployment of industrial Auto-DR that is economically attractive and technologically feasible. Automation will make DR: More visible by providing greater transparency through two-way end-to-end communication of DR signals from end-use customers; More repeatable, reliable, and persistent because the automated controls strategies that are 'hardened' and pre-programmed into facility's software and hardware; More affordable because automation can help reduce labor costs associated with manual DR strategies initiated by facility staff and can be used for long-term.
McKane, Aimee T.; Piette, Mary Ann; Faulkner, David; Ghatikar, Girish; Radspieler Jr., Anthony; Adesola, Bunmi; Murtishaw, Scott; Kiliccote, Sila
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
It finds that small, short-duration batteries are most cost effective regardless of solar power levels, serving to reduce short load spikes on the order of 2.5% of peak demand....
Analysis of PG&E`s residential end-use metered data to improve electricity demand forecasts
Maximizing Energy Savings Reliability in BC Hydro Industrial Demand-side Management Programs
Maximizing Energy Savings Reliability in BC Hydro Industrial Demand-side Management Programs Supervisory Committee Maximizing Energy Savings Reliability in BC Hydro Industrial Demand-side Management of Environmental Studies) Departmental Member For energy utilities faced with expanded jurisdictional energy
Victoria, University of
Net Metering
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
New Jersey's net-metering rules apply to all residential, commercial and industrial customers of the state's investor-owned utilities and energy suppliers (and certain competitive municipal...
Demand Response Opportunities in Industrial Refrigerated Warehouses in California
and Open Automated Demand Response. In Grid Interop Forum.work was sponsored by the Demand Response Research Center (load-management.php. Demand Response Research Center (2009).
Goli, Sasank
On-demand maximally entangled states with a parity meter and continuous feedback
Generating on-demand maximally entangled states is one of the corner stones for quantum information processing. Parity measurements can serve to create Bell states and have been implemented via an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer among others. However, the entanglement generation is necessarily harmed by measurement induced dephasing processes in one of the two parity subspace. In this work, we propose two different schemes of continuous feedback for a parity measurement. They enable us to avoid both the measurement-induced dephasing process and the experimentally unavoidable dephasing, e.g. due to fluctuations of the gate voltages controlling the initialization of the qubits. We show that we can generate maximally entangled steady states in both parity subspaces. Importantly, the measurement scheme we propose is valid for implementation of parity measurements with feedback loops in various solid-state environments.
Clemens Meyer zu Rheda; G�raldine Haack; Alessandro Romito
Industrial refrigerated warehouses that implemented energy efficiency measures and have centralized control systems can be excellent candidates for Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR) due to equipment synergies, and receptivity of facility managers to strategies that control energy costs without disrupting facility operations. Auto-DR utilizes OpenADR protocol for continuous and open communication signals over internet, allowing facilities to automate their Demand Response (DR). Refrigerated warehouses were selected for research because: They have significant power demand especially during utility peak periods; most processes are not sensitive to short-term (2-4 hours) lower power and DR activities are often not disruptive to facility operations; the number of processes is limited and well understood; and past experience with some DR strategies successful in commercial buildings may apply to refrigerated warehouses. This paper presents an overview of the potential for load sheds and shifts from baseline electricity use in response to DR events, along with physical configurations and operating characteristics of refrigerated warehouses. Analysis of data from two case studies and nine facilities in Pacific Gas and Electric territory, confirmed the DR abilities inherent to refrigerated warehouses but showed significant variation across facilities. Further, while load from California's refrigerated warehouses in 2008 was 360 MW with estimated DR potential of 45-90 MW, actual achieved was much less due to low participation. Efforts to overcome barriers to increased participation may include, improved marketing and recruitment of potential DR sites, better alignment and emphasis on financial benefits of participation, and use of Auto-DR to increase consistency of participation.
Goli, Sasank; McKane, Aimee; Olsen, Daniel
urban and rural total energy consumption per square meter ofas % Industry Total Energy Consumption Source: NBS 1.3.2its share of total primary energy consumption surged even
Site Industry Chem Repackaging Fruit Proc & Cold StorageCold storage Data centers and test labs for high tech industriesCold storage Data centers and test labs for high tech industries
varies across markets. In the presence of uncertain demand, capacity choices are shown theoreticallyCAPACITY INVESTMENT UNDER DEMAND UNCERTAINTY: THE ROLE OF IMPORTS IN THE U.S. CEMENT INDUSTRY Guy://www.economie.polytechnique.edu/ mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com #12;Capacity Investment under Demand Uncertainty: The Role
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
5/2/2005 Industry Seminar -April 2005 The Housing Market and Demand for
: Consensus forecast NAHB, major banks) #12;Regional shifts in housing demand Graying population will keep5/2/2005 Industry Seminar - April 2005 The Housing Market and Demand for Building Materials Charlotte, NC April 27, 2005 #12;Changes that will impact demand for residential building materials
Demand Response Enabling Technologies and Approaches for Industrial Facilities
on the higher of either $500/MWH, or the wholesale electricity price in the customer?s area, during the time of the event. Exact payment arrangements differ by program provider. Day-Ahead Demand Response Program Day-Ahead Demand Response Program (DADRP...), offers retail electricity customers a chance to bid load reduction capability in New York State?s wholesale electricity market. To participate, companies bid their load reduction capability, on a day-ahead basis, into the wholesale electricity market...
Epstein, G.; D'Antonio, M.; Schmidt, C.; Seryak, J.; Smith, C.
Demand management : a cross-industry analysis of supply-demand planning
Globalization increases product variety and shortens product life cycles. These lead to an increase in demand uncertainty and variability. Outsourcing to low-cost countries increases supply lead-time and supply uncertainty ...
Tan, Peng Kuan
Industrial-Load-Shaping: The Practice of and Prospects for Utility/Industry Cooperation to Manage Peak Electricity Demand
INDUSTRIAL-LOAD-SHAPI1IG: TIlE PRACTICE OF AND PROSPECTS FOR UTILITY/INDUSTRY COOPERATION TO MAUGE PEAK ELECTRICITY DEMAND Donald J. BuIes and David E. Rubin Consultants, Pacific Gas and Electric Company San Francisco, California Michael F.... Maniates Energy and Resources Group, University of California Berkeley, California ABSTRACT Load-management programs designed to reduce demand for electricity during peak periods are becoming increasingly important to electric utilities. For a gf...
Bules, D. J.; Rubin, D. E.; Maniates, M. F.
Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in California Industries
California's electricity markets are moving toward dynamic pricing models, such as real-time pricing, within the next few years, which could have a significant impact on an industrial facility's cost of energy use during the times of peak use. Adequate controls and automated systems that provide industrial facility managers real-time energy use and cost information are necessary for successful implementation of a comprehensive electricity strategy; however, little is known about the current control capacity of California industries. To address this gap, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in close collaboration with California industrial trade associations, conducted a survey to determine the current state of controls technologies in California industries. This,study identifies sectors that have the technical capability to implement Demand Response (DR) and Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR). In an effort to assist policy makers and industry in meeting the challenges of real-time pricing, facility operational and organizational factors were taken into consideration to generate recommendations on which sectors Demand Response efforts should be focused. Analysis of the survey responses showed that while the vast majority of industrial facilities have semi- or fully automated control systems, participation in Demand Response programs is still low due to perceived barriers. The results also showed that the facilities that use continuous processes are good Demand Response candidates. When comparing facilities participating in Demand Response to those not participating, several similarities and differences emerged. Demand Response-participating facilities and non-participating facilities had similar timings of peak energy use, production processes, and participation in energy audits. Though the survey sample was smaller than anticipated, the results seemed to support our preliminary assumptions. Demonstrations of Auto-Demand Response in industrial facilities with good control capabilities are needed to dispel perceived barriers to participation and to investigate industrial subsectors suggested of having inherent Demand Response potential.
Ghatikar, Girish; McKane, Aimee; Goli, Sasank; Therkelsen, Peter; Olsen, Daniel
A study of industrial equipment energy use and demand control
Technologies. A battery storage system, capable of providing up to 5, 000 kW was installed (Hunt 1999). The batterics allow the plant's demand peaks to be lowcrcd by using energy stored in the batteries during off-peak periods to provide a portion...
Dooley, Edward Scott
EnerNOC Inc. Commercial & Industrial Demand Response
Valley Authority C&I DR: 560 MW Tucson Electric Power C&I DR: 40 MW Xcel Energy (Colorado) C&I DR: 44 MW Baltimore Gas & Electric C&I DR:120 MW Bonneville Power Administration C&I DR: Multiple Pilots Delmarva with 2010 revenues of $280 million 500+ full-time employees Energy Efficiency Industrial EE Program
Model documentation report: Industrial sector demand module of the National Energy Modeling System
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code. This document serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description of the NEMS Industrial Model for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirement of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its models. Third, it facilitates continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements as future projects. The NEMS Industrial Demand Model is a dynamic accounting model, bringing together the disparate industries and uses of energy in those industries, and putting them together in an understandable and cohesive framework. The Industrial Model generates mid-term (up to the year 2015) forecasts of industrial sector energy demand as a component of the NEMS integrated forecasting system. From the NEMS system, the Industrial Model receives fuel prices, employment data, and the value of industrial output. Based on the values of these variables, the Industrial Model passes back to the NEMS system estimates of consumption by fuel types.
Energy Use in the Australian Manufacturing Industry: An Analysis of Energy Demand Elasticity
Energy Use in the Australian Manufacturing Industry: An Analysis of Energy Demand Elasticity Chris in this paper. Energy consumption data was sourced from the Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics' Australian Energy Statistics publication. Price and income data were sourced from the Australian Bureau
Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Automated Demand Response in Industrial Refrigerated Warehouses in California
This report summarizes the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's research to date in characterizing energy efficiency and open automated demand response opportunities for industrial refrigerated warehouses in California. The report describes refrigerated warehouses characteristics, energy use and demand, and control systems. It also discusses energy efficiency and open automated demand response opportunities and provides analysis results from three demand response studies. In addition, several energy efficiency, load management, and demand response case studies are provided for refrigerated warehouses. This study shows that refrigerated warehouses can be excellent candidates for open automated demand response and that facilities which have implemented energy efficiency measures and have centralized control systems are well-suited to shift or shed electrical loads in response to financial incentives, utility bill savings, and/or opportunities to enhance reliability of service. Control technologies installed for energy efficiency and load management purposes can often be adapted for open automated demand response (OpenADR) at little additional cost. These improved controls may prepare facilities to be more receptive to OpenADR due to both increased confidence in the opportunities for controlling energy cost/use and access to the real-time data.
Lekov, Alex; Thompson, Lisa; McKane, Aimee; Rockoff, Alexandra; Piette, Mary Ann
Industrial Sector Energy Demand: Revisions for Non-Energy-Intensive Manufacturing (released in AEO2007)
Reports and Publications (EIA)
For the industrial sector, the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) analysis and projection efforts generally have focused on the energy-intensive industriesfood, bulk chemicals, refining, glass, cement, steel, and aluminumwhere energy cost averages 4.8% of annual operating cost. Detailed process flows and energy intensity indicators have been developed for narrowly defined industry groups in the energy-intensive manufacturing sector. The non-energy-intensive manufacturing industries, where energy cost averages 1.9% of annual operating cost, previously have received somewhat less attention, however. In Annual Energy Outlook 2006 (AEO), energy demand projections were provided for two broadly aggregated industry groups in the non-energy-intensive manufacturing sector: metal-based durables and other non-energy-intensive. In the AEO2006 projections, the two groups accounted for more than 50% of the projected increase in industrial natural gas consumption from 2004 to 2030.
Economics of Energy Metering
history of industrial usage and their mechanical simplicity. The Flow Technology Group divided orifice meters into three basic types -- Class A, B, and C. Class A meters are the ultimate current technology can provide. Their overall accuracy is ~l... cost for a Class A orifice is $45,000, excluding the computer cost. Class B meters have an accuracy of +2%. The transmitter analog outputs are usually recorded on charts. These meters are used for utilities accounting and non critical production...
Duncan, J. D.
Model documentation report: Industrial sector demand module of the national energy modeling system
This report documents the objectives, analytical approach, and development of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) Industrial Demand Model. The report catalogues and describes model assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code. This document serves three purposes. First, it is a reference document providing a detailed description of the NEMS Industrial Model for model analysts, users, and the public. Second, this report meets the legal requirements of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide adequate documentation in support of its model. Third, it facilitates continuity in model development by providing documentation from which energy analysts can undertake model enhancements, data updates, and parameter refinements as future projects.
in significant energy and demand savings for refrigeratedbe modified to reduce energy demand during demand responsein refrigerated warehouse energy demand if they are not
Lekov, Alex
Examining Synergies between Energy Management and Demand Response: A Case Study at Two California Industrial Facilities
and Demand Response History Energy Management Activities o #and Demand Response History Energy Management Activities
Olsen, Daniel
Analysis of Open Automated Demand Response Deployments in California and Guidelines to Transition to Industry Standards
Automated �Demand �Response �in �Commercial �Buildings. �Demand �Response �Infrastructure �for � Commercial �Buildings. �
Ghatikar, Girish
Reducing the demand forecast error due to the bullwhip effect in the computer processor industry
Intel's current demand-forecasting processes rely on customers' demand forecasts. Customers do not revise demand forecasts as demand decreases until the last minute. Intel's current demand models provide little guidance ...
Smith, Emily (Emily C.)
World population growth, industrialization, energy demand, and environmental goals are presently driving rapid global change in emissions with complex conse-
395 World population growth, industrialization, energy demand, and environmental goals the average transport time is 23 weeks (Liu and Mauzerall 2005). Circumpolar trans- port of pollution around
Mauzerall, Denise
377 World population growth, industrialization, energy demand, and environmental goals the average transport time is 23 weeks (Liu and Mauzerall 2005). Circumpolar trans- port of pollution around
Estimating Demand Response Market Potential Among Large Commercial and Industrial Customers: A Scoping Study
of Program Participation Rates on Demand Response MarketTable 3-1. Methods of Estimating Demand Response PenetrationDemand Response
Goldman, Charles; Hopper, Nicole; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Neenan, Bernie; Cappers, Peter
your Power. (2008). "Demand Response Programs." RetrievedS. (2008). Automated Demand Response Results from Multi-Yearusing Open Automated Demand Response, California Energy
to �Automated �Demand � Response �and �the �OpenADR �� �Automated �Demand �Response �Program. � https://Data �for �Automated �Demand �Response �in �Commercial �
2008-2010 Research Summary: Analysis of Demand Response Opportunities in California Industry
K.C. Mares, D. Shroyer. 2010. Demand Response andOpen Automated Demand Response Opportunities for Dataand the Role of Automated Demand Response. Lawrence Berkeley
2001. �Electricity Demand Side Management Study: Review ofEpping/North Ryde Demand Side Management Scoping Study:Energy Agency Demand Side Management (IEA DSM) Programme:
In April 2008, Kentucky enacted legislation that expanded its net metering law by requiring utilities to offer net metering to customers that generate electricity with photovoltaic (PV), wind,...
NOTE: Kauai Island Electric Cooperative's (KIUC) net metering program has reached its capacity and has implemented a Net Energy Metering Pilot Program.
A Cooperative Demand Response Scheme Using�Punishment Mechanism and Application to Industrial�Refrigerated Warehouses
aggregated loads for demand response,� in Proceedings of TheS. H. Low, �Optimal demand response: Problem formulation andZ. Yang, and Y. Zhang, �Demand response man- agement with
Ma, Kai; Hu, Guoqiang; Spanos, Costas J
Japan�s 2007 primary plastics demand of 107.95 kilograms perChina reaches a lower plastic demand level of 75 kilogramsper capita primary plastics demand was used to estimate per
Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in the California Cement Industry
This study examines the characteristics of cement plants and their ability to shed or shift load to participate in demand response (DR). Relevant factors investigated include the various equipment and processes used to make cement, the operational limitations cement plants are subject to, and the quantities and sources of energy used in the cement-making process. Opportunities for energy efficiency improvements are also reviewed. The results suggest that cement plants are good candidates for DR participation. The cement industry consumes over 400 trillion Btu of energy annually in the United States, and consumes over 150 MW of electricity in California alone. The chemical reactions required to make cement occur only in the cement kiln, and intermediate products are routinely stored between processing stages without negative effects. Cement plants also operate continuously for months at a time between shutdowns, allowing flexibility in operational scheduling. In addition, several examples of cement plants altering their electricity consumption based on utility incentives are discussed. Further study is needed to determine the practical potential for automated demand response (Auto-DR) and to investigate the magnitude and shape of achievable sheds and shifts.
Olsen, Daniel; Goli, Sasank; Faulkner, David; McKane, Aimee
A Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (CED), life cycle based, for industrial waste management decision making
Highlights: � We developed a methodology useful to environmentally compare industrial waste management options. � The methodology uses a Net Energy Demand indicator which is life cycle based. � The method was simplified to be widely used, thus avoiding cost driven decisions. � This methodology is useful for governments to promote the best environmental options. � This methodology can be widely used by other countries or regions around the world. - Abstract: Life cycle thinking is a good approach to be used for environmental decision-support, although the complexity of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies sometimes prevents their wide use. The purpose of this paper is to show how LCA methodology can be simplified to be more useful for certain applications. In order to improve waste management in Catalonia (Spain), a Cumulative Energy Demand indicator (LCA-based) has been used to obtain four mathematical models to help the government in the decision of preventing or allowing a specific waste from going out of the borders. The conceptual equations and all the subsequent developments and assumptions made to obtain the simplified models are presented. One of the four models is discussed in detail, presenting the final simplified equation to be subsequently used by the government in decision making. The resulting model has been found to be scientifically robust, simple to implement and, above all, fulfilling its purpose: the limitation of waste transport out of Catalonia unless the waste recovery operations are significantly better and justify this transport.
Puig, Rita, E-mail: email@example.com [Escola d�Enginyeria d�Igualada (EEI), Universitat Polit�cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Pla�a del Rei, 15, 08700 Igualada (Spain); Fullana-i-Palmer, Pere [UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change, Escola Superior de Comer� Internacional, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Passeig Pujades, 1, 08003 Barcelona (Spain); Baquero, Grau; Riba, Jordi-Roger [Escola d�Enginyeria d�Igualada (EEI), Universitat Polit�cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Pla�a del Rei, 15, 08700 Igualada (Spain); Bala, Alba [UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change, Escola Superior de Comer� Internacional, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), c/Passeig Pujades, 1, 08003 Barcelona (Spain)
Capabilities due to Energy Management Improvement inSummary Introduction Energy Management Demand Responseand Processes Energy Management and Demand Response History
Opportunities�for�Energy� Efficiency�and�Demand�Response�in�Agricultural/Water�End?Use�Energy�Efficiency�Program. �� i�1 � 4.0 � Energy�Efficiency�and�Demand�Response�
Best Practices. Kiliccote, S. (2008). Automated Demand Responsebest operation practices and behaviors to enhance the impact of DR activities. 1.0 Introduction Background and Overview Demand Response (
The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC) adopted rules for net metering in September 2004, requiring the state's investor-owned utilities (IOUs) to offer net metering to all electric...
In Massachusetts, the state's investor-owned utilities must offer net metering. Municipal utilities are not obligated to offer net metering, but they may do so voluntarily. (There are no electric...
demand response options, or benchmarking, are probably not all that meaningful. The �best practices�
Coordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
and D. Kathan (2009). Demand Response in U.S. ElectricityEnergy Financial Group. Demand Response Research Center [2008). Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering.
Goldman, Charles
demand response, participation can imply: (1) customer enrollment in voluntary programs and tariffs, or (2) the retention
Metering Approaches
Metering approaches vary depending on facility design and intended purpose (e.g., administrative offices, laboratory, warehouse, etc.). No one approach fits all applications. In fact, different...
Net metering is available to customers who generate electricity using solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, biogas, combined heat and power (CHP) or fuel cell technologies. The ACC has...
Missouri enacted legislation in June 2007 (S.B. 54)* requiring all electric utilities -- investor-owned utilities, municipal utilities and electric cooperatives -- to offer net metering to...
Net metering has been available in Oklahoma since 1988 under Oklahoma Corporation Commission (OCC) Order 326195. The OCC's rules require investor-owned utilities and electric cooperatives under...
Wyoming enacted legislation in February 2001 that established statewide net metering. The law applies to investor-owned utilities, electric cooperatives and irrigation districts. Eligible...
In October 2009, the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (RCA) approved net metering regulations. These rules were finalized and approved by the lieutenant governor in January 2010 and became...
Personnel supply and demand issues in the nuclear power industry. Final report of the Nuclear Manpower Study Committee
The anticipated personnel needs of the nuclear power industry have varied widely in recent years, in response to both increasing regulatory requirements and declining orders for new plants. Recent employment patterns in the nuclear energy field, with their fluctuations, resemble those of defense industries more than those traditionally associated with electric utilities. Reactions to the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 by industry and regulators have increased the demand for trained and experienced personnel, causing salaries to rise. Industry, for example, has established several advisory organizations like the Institute for Nuclear Power Operations (INPO). At the same time, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has imposed many new construction and operating requirements in an effort to take advantage of lessons learned from the Three Mile Island incident and to respond to the perceived public interest in better regulation of nuclear power. Thus, at present, utilities, architect-engineer firms, reactor vendors, and organizations in the nuclear development community have heavy workloads.
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Smart-Metering for Monitoring Building Power Distribution Network using Instantaneous Phasor Computations of Electrical Signals
efficient operation of a smart meter network . in IndustrialGood standards for smart meters . in European EnergyHardware development for Smart Meter based innovations . in
K.R., Krishnanand
'''''NOTE: Legislation enacted in 2011 and 2012 (S.B. 1652, H.B. 3036, and S.B. 3811) has changed several aspects of net metering in Illinois. For customers in competitive classes as of July 1,...
The North Carolina Utilities Commission (NCUC) requires the state�s three investor-owned utilities -- Duke Energy, Progress Energy and Dominion North Carolina Power -- to make net metering...
New Hampshire requires all utilities selling electricity in the state to offer net metering to customers who own or operate systems up to one megawatt (1 MW) in capacity that generate electricity...
Montana's net-metering law, enacted in July 1999, applies to all customers of investor-owned utilities. Systems up to 50 kilowatts (kW) in capacity that generate electricity using solar, wind or...
Net metering in West Virginia is available to all retail electricity customers. System capacity limits vary depending on the customer type and electric utility type, according to the following...
California's net-metering law originally took effect in 1996 and applies to all utilities with one exception*. The law has been amended numerous times since its enactment, most recently by AB 327...
Washington's net-metering law applies to systems up to 100 kilowatts (kW) in capacity that generate electricity using solar, wind, hydro, biogas from animal waste, or combined heat and power...
In Delaware, net metering is available to any customer that generates electricity using solar, wind or hydro resources, anaerobic digesters, or fuel cells capable of being powered by renewable...
Note: The program web site listed above links to the Maryland Public Service Commission's Net Metering Working Group page, which contains a variety of information resources related to the ongoing...
In April 2001, Arkansas enacted legislation (HB 2325) directing the Arkansas Public Service Commission (PSC) to establish net-metering rules for certain renewable-energy systems.* The PSC approved...
In the District of Columbia (DC), net metering is currently available to residential and commercial customer-generators with systems powered by renewable-energy sources, combined heat and power ...
The Public Service Commission of Wisconsin (PSC) issued an order on January 26, 1982 requiring all regulated utilities to file tariffs allowing net metering to customers that generate electricity...
Iowa's statutes do not explicitly authorize the Iowa Utilities Board (IUB) to mandate net metering, but this authority is implicit through the board's enforcement of PURPA and Iowa Code � 476.41 '...
North Dakota's net-metering policy, adopted in 1991 by the state Public Service Commission (PSC), applies to renewable-energy systems and combined heat and power (CHP) systems up to 100 kilowatts ...
Oregon has established separate net-metering programs for the state's primary investor-owned utilities (PGE and PacifiCorp), and for its municipal utilities and electric cooperatives.
Utah law requires their only investor-owned utility, Rocky Mountain Power (RMP), and most electric cooperatives* to offer net metering to customers who generate electricity using solar energy, wind...
Net metering is available to all "qualifying facilities" (QFs), as defined by the federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA)*, which pertains to systems up to 80 megawatts (MW)...
[http://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/101/PDF/Final/LB436.pdf LB 436], signed in May 2009, established statewide net metering rules for all electric utilities in Nebraska. The rules apply to...
'''''Note: H.F. 729, enacted in May 2013, includes many changes to Minnesota's net metering law. These changes are described above, but most will not take effect until rules are implemented at the...
'''''Note: In March 2011, Virginia enacted HB 1983, which increased the residential net-metering limit to 20 kW. However, residential facilities with a capacity of greater than 10 kW must pay a...
Connecticut's two investor-owned utilities -- Connecticut Light and Power Company (CL&P) and United Illuminating Company (UI) -- are required to provide net metering to customers that generate...
'''''The MPSC is reviewing state interconnection and net metering policies in [http://efile.mpsc.state.mi.us/efile/viewcase.php?casenum=15919&submit.x=... Case U-15919].'''''...
In March 2008, the Florida Public Service Commission (PSC) adopted rules for net metering and interconnection for renewable-energy systems up to two megawatts (MW) in capacity. The PSC rules apply...
Rhode Island allows net metering for systems up to five megawatts (MW) in capacity that are designed to generate up to 100% of the electricity that a home or other facility uses. Systems that...
Nevada's original net-metering law for renewable-energy systems was enacted in 1997 and amended in 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2007. Systems up to one megawatt (MW) in capacity that generate electricity...
[http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2009a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/571064D8... Senate Bill 51] of April 2009 made several changes, effective September 1, 2009, to the state's net metering rules for...
choices in the face of real options, or surveys can beoptions may differ from their actual behavior when faced with realReal-Time Demand Response (RTDR) program offers customers two advance-notice options:
Improving supply chain performance by implementing weekly demand planning processes in the consumer packaged goods industry
This thesis examines how simple weekly demand planning process can improve inventory levels and customers service levels at the Gillette Company. The processes designed by the project team has been tested and executed in ...
Rah, Myung-Hyun Elisa
Developing a framework for dependable demand forecasts in the consumer packaged goods industry
As a consumer packaged goods company, "Company X" manufactures products "make-to-stock"; therefore, having reliable demand forecasts is fundamental for successful planning and execution. Not isolated to "Company X" or to ...
Uriarte, Daniel Antonio
Using Compressed Air Efficiency Projects to Reduce Peak Industrial Electric Demands: Lessons Learned
"To help customers respond to the wildly fluctuating energy markets in California, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) initiated an emergency electric demand reduction program in October 2000 to cut electric use during peak periods. One component...
Skelton, J.
21 Figure 13: Primary Energy Consumption byEffects on Industry Primary Energy Consumption, 1995-share of total primary energy consumption surged even higher
eliminated all vertical shaft kilns in cement production.cement industry is steadily transitioning from using less-efficient vertical-shaft- kilnvertical shaft kilns to rotary kilns and endogenous process improvements, the final intensity of cement
The Impacts of Utility-Sponsored Demand-Side Management Programs on Industrial Electricity Consumers
in this paper of the arguments and recommendations of DSM-advocates are general, particular attention is paid to the potentially damaging effects of these proposals on large commercial and industrial customers....
Rosenblum, J. I.
Rates and technologies for mass-market demand response
Roger. 2002. Using Demand Response to Link Wholesale andfor advanced metering, demand response, and dynamic pricing.EPRI. 2001. Managing Demand-Response To Achieve Multiple
Herter, Karen; Levy, Roger; Wilson, John; Rosenfeld, Arthur
Demand Response in U.S. Electricity Markets: Empirical Evidence
Reliability Corporation. Demand response data task force:Energy. Benefits of demand response in electricity marketsAssessment of demand response & advanced metering, staff
Cappers, Peter
Saturation meter
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A saturation meter for use in a pressurized water reactor plant comprising a differential pressure transducer having a first and second pressure sensing means and an alarm. The alarm is connected to the transducer and is preset to activate at a level of saturation prior to the formation of a steam void in the reactor vessel.
Gregurech, S.
Demand Side Dispatching, Part 1: A Novel Approach for Industrial Load Shaping Applications
) systems fo commercial HVAC applications. Load co trol generally involves scheduling the use of electrotechnologies (e.g. air compression, pumping) during off-peak periods only, an shutting them off during on-peak periods. In order to provide... incentives to the custom r to modulate his demand, most DSM progranis combine the foregoing technologies with l1ime of-Use rate structures, capital cost subsidies (rebates), and technical support services. 317 ESL-IE-93-03-45 Proceedings from...
Kumana, J. D.; Nath, R.
This report reviews the Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) deployments within the territories serviced by California?s investor-owned utilities (IOUs) and the transition from the OpenADR 1.0 specification to the formal standard?OpenADR 2.0. As demand response service providers and customers start adopting OpenADR 2.0, it is necessary to ensure that the existing Automated Demand Response (AutoDR) infrastructure investment continues to be useful and takes advantage of the formal standard and its many benefits. This study focused on OpenADR deployments and systems used by the California IOUs and included a summary of the OpenADR deployment from the U.S. Department of Energy-funded demonstration conducted by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory collected and analyzed data about OpenADR 1.0 deployments, categorized architectures, developed a data model mapping to understand the technical compatibility of each version, and compared the capabilities and features of the two specifications. The findings, for the first time, provided evidence of the total enabled load shed and average first cost for system enablement in the IOU and SMUD service territories. The OpenADR 2.0a profile specification semantically supports AutoDR system architectures and data propagation with a testing and certification program that promotes interoperability, scaled deployments by multiple vendors, and provides additional features that support future services.
Ghatikar, Girish; Riess, David; Piette, Mary Ann
Technologie Smart metering Technologie Smart metering
Technologie Smart metering Technologie Smart metering 29Bulletin 9/2014 Innovative Dienste mit intelligenten Stromzählern Standby- und Kühlgeräteverbrauch aus Smart-Meter-Daten Smart Meter ermöglichen weit, kommunikationsfähigen Stromzählern, fort. Smart Meter ermöglichen eine effizi- entere Rechnungsstellung, da sie Mess
Demand Response and Open Automated Demand Response Opportunities for Data Centers
Standardized Automated Demand Response Signals. Presented atand Automated Demand Response in Industrial RefrigeratedActions for Industrial Demand Response in California. LBNL-
Mares, K.C.
Honeywell Demonstrates Automated Demand Response Benefits for...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Honeywell Demonstrates Automated Demand Response Benefits for Utility, Commercial, and Industrial Customers Honeywell Demonstrates Automated Demand Response Benefits for Utility,...
products (NAICS 3272) Wood products (NAICS 321) Cement and Lime (NAICS 32731, 32741) Plastic and rubber products (NAICS 326) Construction (NAICS 23) Iron and steel (NAICS 3311-...
Metering | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
the federal sector has lagged in metering applications. It is not uncommon to find one meter serving hundreds of federal facilities. These master meters make it very difficult to...
Kansas- Net Metering
Kansas adopted the Net Metering and Easy Connection Act in May 2009 (see K.S.A. 66-1263 through 66-1271), establishing net metering for customers of investor-owned utilities in Kansas. Net metering...
California DREAMing: the design of residential demand responsive technology with people in mind
Advanced Metering and Demand Response in ElectricityChen, X. (2008). Demand Response-enabled Autonomous Controlfor Thermal Comfort, Demand Response, and Reduced Annual
Peffer, Therese E.
Automated Demand Response Technology Demonstration Project for Small and Medium Commercial Buildings
2010�Assessment�of�Demand�Response�and� Advanced�Metering:��Development�for�Demand�Response� Calculation�?�Findings�and�Energy� Efficiency�and� Demand�Response�with�Communicating�
Page, Janie
Price Responsive Demand in New York Wholesale Electricity Market using OpenADR
Advanced Metering, and Demand Response in Electricity2006. Benefits of Demand Response in Electricity Markets and2010. Open Automated Demand Response Technologies for
Kim, Joyce Jihyun
Leveraging smart meter data to recognize home appliances Markus Weiss+#
Leveraging smart meter data to recognize home appliances Markus Weiss+# , Adrian Helfenstein -- The worldwide adoption of smart meters that measure and communicate residential electricity consumption gives demand. In this paper we present an infrastructure and a set of algorithms that make use of smart meters
CSEM WP 105 Dynamic Pricing, Advanced Metering and
CSEM WP 105 Dynamic Pricing, Advanced Metering and Demand Response in Electricity Markets Severin Pricing, Advanced Metering, and Demand Response in Electricity Markets Severin Borenstein Michael Jaske energy crisis and potential solutions for the future. This work was sponsored by the William and Flora
California at Berkeley. University of
Analysis Methodology for Industrial Load Profiles
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL LOAD PROFILES Thomas W. Reddoch Executive Vice President Eleclrolek Concepts, Inc. Knoxvillc, Tennessee ABSTRACT A methodology is provided for evaluating the impact of various demand-side management... (OSM) options on industrial customers. The basic approach uses customer metered load profile data as a basis for the customer load shape. OSM technologies are represented as load shapes and are used as a basis for altering the customers existing...
Reddoch, T. W.
Energy Usage and Conservation Technologies Used in Fruit andThe Impact of Control Technology on the Demand ResponsePrepared By VaCom Technologies La Verne, California July 30,
Solutions for Summer Electric Power Shortages: Demand Response and its Applications in Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Systems
Research Director, PIER Demand Response Research CenterAssessment of Demand Response & Advanced Metering, staffPower Shortages: Demand Response and its Applications in Air
Han, Junqiao; Piette, Mary Ann
Net Metering Rules (Arkansas)
The Net Metering Rules are promulgated under the authority of the Arkansas Public Service Commission. These rules are created to establish rules for net energy metering and interconnection. These...
Propeller Flow Meter
Propeller flow meters are commonly used to measure water flow rate. They can also be used to estimate irrigation water use. This publication explains how to select, install, read and maintain propeller flow meters....
Enciso, Juan; Santistevan, Dean; Hla, Aung K.
Progress Energy- Net Metering
In August 2009, the South Carolina Public Service Commission issued an order mandating net metering be made available by the regulated electric utilities; the order incorporates a net metering...
SRP- Net Metering
Salt River Project (SRP) modified an existing net-metering program for residential and commercial customers in November 2013. Net metering is now available to customers who generate electricity...
LADWP- Net Metering (California)
LADWP allows its customers to net meter their photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hybrid systems with a capacity of not more than one megawatt. LADWP will provide the necessary metering equipment unless...
Utility Metering- AGL Resources
Presentation�given at the Spring 2013 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting�discusses AGL Resources metering, including interruptible rate customers, large users, and meeting federal metering goals.
State Demand-Side Management Programs Funds are Exploding! How Industries Can Best Use These Programs to Maximize Their Benefits
Find out from an Industrial Program Manager that runs a successful state DSM/Energy Efficiency program for the industrial sector how to best find, use and benefit from these types of programs. The amount of money that states are investing in DSM...
Nicol, J.
Commercial and Industrial Base Intermittent Resource Management Pilot
2:1002�1004. FERC. Demand Response and Advanced Metering.and Open Automated Demand Response in Wastewater Treatmentand Open Automated Demand Response in Refrigerated
Kiliccote, Sila
both emis- sions from incineration and the demand for fossilyr (Okazaki et al. , 2004). Incineration of wastes (e.g. ,by reducing emissions from incineration and the demand for
Bernstein, Lenny
Net Metering Webinar
Part of the Tribal Renewable Energy Webinar Series, this webinar will focus on the services provided by utility net metering and their importance in making projects cost effective.
NREL: Energy Storage - BLAST for Behind-the-Meter Applications...
Lite (BLAST-BTM Lite) provides a quick, user-friendly tool to size behind-the-meter energy storage devices used on site by utility customers for facility demand charge...
Laboratory Testing of Demand-Response Enabled Household Appliances
With the advent of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems capable of two-way communications between the utility's grid and the building, there has been significant effort in the Automated Home Energy Management (AHEM) industry to develop capabilities that allow residential building systems to respond to utility demand events by temporarily reducing their electricity usage. Major appliance manufacturers are following suit by developing Home Area Network (HAN)-tied appliance suites that can take signals from the home's 'smart meter,' a.k.a. AMI meter, and adjust their run cycles accordingly. There are numerous strategies that can be employed by household appliances to respond to demand-side management opportunities, and they could result in substantial reductions in electricity bills for the residents depending on the pricing structures used by the utilities to incent these types of responses.The first step to quantifying these end effects is to test these systems and their responses in simulated demand-response (DR) conditions while monitoring energy use and overall system performance.
Sparn, B.; Jin, X.; Earle, L.
Differentially Private Smart Metering with Battery Michael Backes1,2
Differentially Private Smart Metering with Battery Recharging Michael Backes1,2 and Sebastian meters to take fine-grained readings of energy usage. These smart meters enable flexible time- of to a min- imum. 1 Introduction The energy industry has recently begun using smart meters to take fine
SHIP - Solar heat for industrial processes. Internationalsolar power could be used to provide process heat for
China's Coal: Demand, Constraints, and Externalities
This study analyzes China's coal industry by focusing on four related areas. First, data are reviewed to identify the major drivers of historical and future coal demand. Second, resource constraints and transport bottlenecks are analyzed to evaluate demand and growth scenarios. The third area assesses the physical requirements of substituting coal demand growth with other primary energy forms. Finally, the study examines the carbon- and environmental implications of China's past and future coal consumption. There are three sections that address these areas by identifying particular characteristics of China's coal industry, quantifying factors driving demand, and analyzing supply scenarios: (1) reviews the range of Chinese and international estimates of remaining coal reserves and resources as well as key characteristics of China's coal industry including historical production, resource requirements, and prices; (2) quantifies the largest drivers of coal usage to produce a bottom-up reference projection of 2025 coal demand; and (3) analyzes coal supply constraints, substitution options, and environmental externalities. Finally, the last section presents conclusions on the role of coal in China's ongoing energy and economic development. China has been, is, and will continue to be a coal-powered economy. In 2007 Chinese coal production contained more energy than total Middle Eastern oil production. The rapid growth of coal demand after 2001 created supply strains and bottlenecks that raise questions about sustainability. Urbanization, heavy industrial growth, and increasing per-capita income are the primary interrelated drivers of rising coal usage. In 2007, the power sector, iron and steel, and cement production accounted for 66% of coal consumption. Power generation is becoming more efficient, but even extensive roll-out of the highest efficiency units would save only 14% of projected 2025 coal demand for the power sector. A new wedge of future coal consumption is likely to come from the burgeoning coal-liquefaction and chemicals industries. If coal to chemicals capacity reaches 70 million tonnes and coal-to-liquids capacity reaches 60 million tonnes, coal feedstock requirements would add an additional 450 million tonnes by 2025. Even with more efficient growth among these drivers, China's annual coal demand is expected to reach 3.9 to 4.3 billion tonnes by 2025. Central government support for nuclear and renewable energy has not reversed China's growing dependence on coal for primary energy. Substitution is a matter of scale: offsetting one year of recent coal demand growth of 200 million tonnes would require 107 billion cubic meters of natural gas (compared to 2007 growth of 13 BCM), 48 GW of nuclear (compared to 2007 growth of 2 GW), or 86 GW of hydropower capacity (compared to 2007 growth of 16 GW). Ongoing dependence on coal reduces China's ability to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions growth. If coal demand remains on a high growth path, carbon dioxide emissions from coal combustion alone would exceed total US energy-related carbon emissions by 2010. Within China's coal-dominated energy system, domestic transportation has emerged as the largest bottleneck for coal industry growth and is likely to remain a constraint to further expansion. China has a low proportion of high-quality reserves, but is producing its best coal first. Declining quality will further strain production and transport capacity. Furthermore, transporting coal to users has overloaded the train system and dramatically increased truck use, raising transportation oil demand. Growing international imports have helped to offset domestic transport bottlenecks. In the long term, import demand is likely to exceed 200 million tonnes by 2025, significantly impacting regional markets.
Aden, Nathaniel; Fridley, David; Zheng, Nina
Energy Metering Audit Procedure
Energy Meterilg Audtt Procedure Wiliam S Whitaker Engineering Specialist T X E INC. laPorte Texas INTROOUCI'ION This paper describes the recent audit of the utility distriooticn meters in a petrochanica1 plant. These meters measure the steam..., cx:ndensate, natural gas, water, nitrogen and air flCMS to the different process units within the plant. This audit started as an attellPt to resolve discrepan::ies between the 650 PSIG steam distriootion and supply meters. Theoretically the sum...
Whitaker, W. S.
DC attenuation meter
A portable, hand-held meter used to measure direct current (DC) attenuation in low impedance electrical signal cables and signal attenuators. A DC voltage is applied to the signal input of the cable and feedback to the control circuit through the signal cable and attenuators. The control circuit adjusts the applied voltage to the cable until the feedback voltage equals the reference voltage. The "units" of applied voltage required at the cable input is the system attenuation value of the cable and attenuators, which makes this meter unique. The meter may be used to calibrate data signal cables, attenuators, and cable-attenuator assemblies.
Hargrove, Douglas L.
Meter Expansion Plan Existing Multi-Space Meter
Meter Expansion Plan 11 35 9 7 10 20 12 11 12 46 23 15 15 60 23 Existing Multi-Space Meter Split Regulations 136 New Multi-Space Meter Visitor Only New Multi-Space Meter Split Regulations KEY 97 Updated 7/8/13 11 5 #12;HAVE.HAVE. UNION DR. 1 2 3 4 5 New Multi-space Meter After: 5 Meter Spaces Regulations
Duchowski, Andrew T.
Demand Reduction
Grantees may use funds to coordinate with electricity supply companies and utilities to reduce energy demands on their power systems. These demand reduction programs are usually coordinated through...
Abstract--A methodology to evaluate the installation of new electricity metering technologies in a developing country is
customer database, identifying a particular urban zone in which, under certain assumptions, smart metering. Although smart metering would provide benefits to all society, customers originating these benefits would only perceive a small part of them. Index Terms-- Demand Response, Advanced Metering, Smart Meters
Dixon, Juan
Net Metering Resources
State net metering policies allow customers to produce onsite electricity and sell excess generation to the utility at a set price, which creates an incentive for private investment in distributed...
Guam- Net Metering
Guam's Public Utilities Commission (PUC) reviewed net metering and interconnection during a regular meeting in February 2009 (Docket 08-10). Please contact the [http://www.guampuc.com/ Guam PUC]...
Avista Utilities- Net Metering
Idaho does not have a statewide net-metering policy. However, each of the state's three investor-owned utilities -- Avista Utilities, Idaho Power and Rocky Mountain Power -- has developed a net...
LOT E1 LOT O WOOD STREET METERED LOT LOT W5 LOT C4 LOT B4 LOT L LOT M MARSHFIELDAVENUE PAULINASTREET Clinical Sciences Building UI Hospital Wood Street Station Clinical Sciences North Grand Grounds Garden
Dai, Yang
Ashland Electric- Net Metering
In 1996, Ashland adopted a net-metering program that includes simple interconnection guidelines. The program encourages the adoption of renewable-energy systems by committing the city to purchase,...
Idaho Power- Net Metering
Puerto Rico- Net Metering
Puerto Rico enacted net-metering legislation in August 2007, allowing customers of Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) to use electricity generated by solar, wind or "other" renewable...
Net Metering (Ontario, Canada)
Ontario's net metering regulation allows you to send electricity generated from renewable sources to the electrical grid for a credit toward your energy costs. Here's how it works. Your utility...
Washington City Power- Net Metering
Washington City adopted a net-metering program, including interconnection procedures, in January 2008.* Net metering is available to residential and commercial customers that generate electricity...
of its electricity requirements in the USA (US DOE, 2002)USA, where motor-driven systems account for 63% of industrial electricity
Neutron dose equivalent meter
A neutron dose equivalent detector for measuring neutron dose capable of accurately responding to neutron energies according to published fluence to dose curves. The neutron dose equivalent meter has an inner sphere of polyethylene, with a middle shell overlying the inner sphere, the middle shell comprising RTV.RTM. silicone (organosiloxane) loaded with boron. An outer shell overlies the middle shell and comprises polyethylene loaded with tungsten. The neutron dose equivalent meter defines a channel through the outer shell, the middle shell, and the inner sphere for accepting a neutron counter tube. The outer shell is loaded with tungsten to provide neutron generation, increasing the neutron dose equivalent meter's response sensitivity above 8 MeV.
Olsher, Richard H. (Los Alamos, NM); Hsu, Hsiao-Hua (Los Alamos, NM); Casson, William H. (Los Alamos, NM); Vasilik, Dennis G. (Los Alamos, NM); Kleck, Jeffrey H. (Menlo Park, CA); Beverding, Anthony (Foster City, CA)
Efficient Metering Schemes with Pricing
Efficient Metering Schemes with Pricing Barbara Masucci Dipartimento di Informatica ed Applicazioni and Pinkas [7] introduced metering schemes. They proposed metering schemes in which any server is able and proposed metering schemes with pricing. In their schemes any server is able to construct a proof which
Stinson, Douglas
Commercial & Industrial Demand Response
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed New SubstationClean CommunitiesEFRC seekschief-science-officer/ Joint
Duke Energy- Net Metering
In August 2009, the South Carolina Public Service Commission issued an [http://dms.psc.sc.gov/pdf/matters/F05030FC-E19A-9225-B838F72EDF4557DC.pdf] order mandating net metering be made available by...
Elbow mass flow meter
Elbow mass flow meter. The present invention includes a combination of an elbow pressure drop generator and a shunt-type mass flow sensor for providing an output which gives the mass flow rate of a gas that is nearly independent of the density of the gas. For air, the output is also approximately independent of humidity.
McFarland, Andrew R. (College Station, TX); Rodgers, John C. (Santa Fe, NM); Ortiz, Carlos A. (Bryan, TX); Nelson, David C. (Santa Fe, NM)
options for combined heat and power in Canada. Office ofpolicies to promote combined heat and power in US industry.with fuel inputs in combined heat and power plants being
EJ of primary energy, 40% of the global total of 227 EJ. Bytotal energy use by industry and on the fraction of electricity use consumed by motor driven systems was taken as representative of global
Test procedures help ensure accuracy of orifice meters
Orifice meter measurement with a chart recorder has been a standard in the petroleum industry for years. The meter consists of the plate/tube and recorder, requires minimal maintenance and can accurately measure a wide range of flow rates. It must be routinely tested to ensure sustained accuracy. The orifice meter measures differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature. However, the accuracy of the measurement is only as good as the calibration devices used in the test. A typical meter test consists of meter calibration, orifice plate inspection, quality of gas tests, and documentation (test report) to verify the data. The paper describes 19 steps that a gas technician can follow to conduct a thorough meter test.
Fillman, C.R. [Coastal Flow Measurement, Inc., Houston, TX (United States)
This chapter addresses past, ongoing, and short (to 2010) and medium-term (to 2030) future actions that can be taken to mitigate GHG emissions from the manufacturing and process industries. Globally, and in most countries, CO{sub 2} accounts for more than 90% of CO{sub 2}-eq GHG emissions from the industrial sector (Price et al., 2006; US EPA, 2006b). These CO{sub 2} emissions arise from three sources: (1) the use of fossil fuels for energy, either directly by industry for heat and power generation or indirectly in the generation of purchased electricity and steam; (2) non-energy uses of fossil fuels in chemical processing and metal smelting; and (3) non-fossil fuel sources, for example cement and lime manufacture. Industrial processes also emit other GHGs, e.g.: (1) Nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O) is emitted as a byproduct of adipic acid, nitric acid and caprolactam production; (2) HFC-23 is emitted as a byproduct of HCFC-22 production, a refrigerant, and also used in fluoroplastics manufacture; (3) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are emitted as byproducts of aluminium smelting and in semiconductor manufacture; (4) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF{sub 6}) is emitted in the manufacture, use and, decommissioning of gas insulated electrical switchgear, during the production of flat screen panels and semiconductors, from magnesium die casting and other industrial applications; (5) Methane (CH{sub 4}) is emitted as a byproduct of some chemical processes; and (6) CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2}O can be emitted by food industry waste streams. Many GHG emission mitigation options have been developed for the industrial sector. They fall into three categories: operating procedures, sector-wide technologies and process-specific technologies. A sampling of these options is discussed in Sections 7.2-7.4. The short- and medium-term potential for and cost of all classes of options are discussed in Section 7.5, barriers to the application of these options are addressed in Section 7.6 and the implication of industrial mitigation for sustainable development is discussed in Section 7.7. Section 7.8 discusses the sector's vulnerability to climate change and options for adaptation. A number of policies have been designed either to encourage voluntary GHG emission reductions from the industrial sector or to mandate such reductions. Section 7.9 describes these policies and the experience gained to date. Co-benefits of reducing GHG emissions from the industrial sector are discussed in Section 7.10. Development of new technology is key to the cost-effective control of industrial GHG emissions. Section 7.11 discusses research, development, deployment and diffusion in the industrial sector and Section 7.12, the long-term (post-2030) technologies for GHG emissions reduction from the industrial sector. Section 7.13 summarizes gaps in knowledge.
Bernstein, Lenny; Roy, Joyashree; Delhotal, K. Casey; Harnisch, Jochen; Matsuhashi, Ryuji; Price, Lynn; Tanaka, Kanako; Worrell, Ernst; Yamba, Francis; Fengqi, Zhou; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; Gielen, Dolf; Joosen, Suzanne; Konar, Manaswita; Matysek, Anna; Miner, Reid; Okazaki, Teruo; Sanders, Johan; Sheinbaum Parado, Claudia
Flow metering valve
An apparatus for metering fluids at high pressures of about 20,000 to 60,000 psi is disclosed. The apparatus includes first and second plates which are positioned adjacent each other to form a valve chamber. The plates are made of materials which have substantially equal elastic properties. One plate has a planar surface area, and the other a recessed surface area defined by periphery and central lips. When the two plates are positioned in adjacent contacting relationship, a valve chamber is formed between the planar surface area and the recessed surface area. Fluid is introduced into the chamber and exits therefrom when a deformation occurs at positions where they no longer form a valve seat. This permits the metering of fluids at high pressures and at slow variable rates. Fluid then exits from the chamber until an applied external force becomes large enough to bring the valve seats back into contact.
Blaedel, Kenneth L. (Dublin, CA)
Blaedel, K.L.
Montana Electric Cooperatives- Net Metering
The Montana Electric Cooperatives' Association (MECA) adopted model interconnection guidelines in 2001 and a revised net-metering policy in September 2008. Net metering is available in whole or...
Rocky Mountain Power- Net Metering
Idaho does not have a statewide net-metering policy. However, each of the state's three investor-owned utilities -- Avista Utilities, Idaho Power and Rocky Mountain Power -- has a net-metering...
SCE&G- Net Metering
VentureBeat Smart meters could breathe life into flagging chip market
VentureBeat Smart meters could breathe life into flagging chip market April 1, 2009 | Camille Ricketts Even as the downturn dries up cleantech capital, smart-meter makers continue to do quite well, and major utilities like PG&E jumping on board, it looks like the smart-meter industry will hold strong
Lu, Chenyang
2010 Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering - Staff Report |
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assessing workforce demand: Topics by E-print Network
and Utilization Websites Summary: LBNL-5319E Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in California Industries in this report was coordinated by the Demand...
Portable wastewater flow meter
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under fill pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Hunter, Robert M. (320 S. Wilson Ave., Bozeman, MT 59715)
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under full pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Meters Roads N Streams
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment Surfaces andMapping theEnergy StorageAdvancedMetamaterials Researchsc 620 Meters ~0
What China Can Learn from International Experiences in Developing a Demand Response Program
K.C. Mares, D. Shroyer. , 2010. Demand Response andOpen Automated Demand Response Opportunities for DataProcessing Industry Demand Response Participation: A Scoping
Shen, Bo
Findings from Seven Years of Field Performance Data for Automated Demand Response in Commercial Buildings
Open Automated Demand Response Demonstration Project� LBNL-2009a). �Open Automated Demand Response Communications inand Actions for Industrial Demand Response in California. �
Addressing Energy Demand through Demand Response: International Experiences and Practices
27 Smart Meter and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)may be insufficient. Most smart meters and their supportingcommon for these new �smart� meters to read data every half-
The alchemy of demand response: turning demand into supply
Paying customers to refrain from purchasing products they want seems to run counter to the normal operation of markets. Demand response should be interpreted not as a supply-side resource but as a secondary market that attempts to correct the misallocation of electricity among electric users caused by regulated average rate tariffs. In a world with costless metering, the DR solution results in inefficiency as measured by deadweight losses. (author)
Rochlin, Cliff
An Integrated Architecture for Demand Response Communications and Control
An Integrated Architecture for Demand Response Communications and Control Michael LeMay, Rajesh for the MGA and ZigBee wireless communications. Index Terms Demand Response, Advanced Meter Infrastructure. In principle this can be done with demand response techniques in which electricity users take measures
Gross, George
Maximum-Demand Rectangular Location Problem
Oct 1, 2014 ... Demand and service can be defined in the most general sense. ... Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, September 2014.
Manish Bansal
Optimization of Demand Response Through Peak Shaving
Jun 19, 2013 ... efficient linear programming formulation for the demand response of such a consumer who could be a price taker, industrial or commercial user�...
City of Brenham- Net Metering
In September 2010, the City of Brenham passed an ordinance adopting net metering and interconnection procedures. Customer generators up to 10 megawatts (MW) are eligible to participate, although...
O&M Metering Guidance
URL links, and references - Improved document "readability" - Added information regarding water 4 | FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM femp.energy.gov O&M and Metering Guidance...
Net Metering (New Brunswick, Canada)
The NB Power Net Metering program provides customers with the option to connect their own environmentally sustainable generation unit to NB Power's distribution system. The program allows customers...
Demand-Side Management and Energy Efficiency Revisited
EPRI). 1984. �Demand Side Management. Vol. 1:Overview of Key1993. �Industrial Demand-Side Management Programs: What�sJ. Kulick. 2004. �Demand side management and energy e?ciency
Auffhammer, Maximilian; Blumstein, Carl; Fowlie, Meredith
Demand Control Utilizing Energy Management Systems - Report of Field Tests
Energy Management systems and particularly demand controllers are becoming more popular as commercial and light industrial operations attempt to reduce their electrical usage and demand. Numerous techniques are used to control energy use and demand...
Russell, B. D.; Heller, R. P.; Perry, L. W.
Capitalize on Existing Assets with Demand Response
Industrial facilities universally struggle with escalating energy costs. EnerNOC will demonstrate how commercial, industrial, and institutional end-users can capitalize on their existing assets�at no cost and no risk. Demand response, the voluntary...
Collins, J.
An Operational Model for Optimal NonDispatchable Demand Response
FACTS, $ Demand Response Energy Storage HVDC Industrial Customer PEV Renewable Energy Source: U.S.-Canada Power
Grossmann, Ignacio E.
Wavelength meter having elliptical wedge
A wavelength meter is disclosed which can determine the wavelength of a laser beam from a laser source within an accuracy range of two parts in 10.sup.8. The wavelength meter has wedge having an elliptically shaped face to the optical path of the laser source and includes interferometer plates which form a vacuum housing.
Hackel, Richard P. (Livermore, CA); Feldman, Mark (Livermore, CA)
A wavelength meter is disclosed which can determine the wavelength of a laser beam from a laser source within an accuracy range of two parts in 10[sup 8]. The wavelength meter has wedge having an elliptically shaped face to the optical path of the laser source and includes interferometer plates which form a vacuum housing. 7 figs.
Hackel, R.P.; Feldman, M.
Gerson Recinos Onramp Metering System
Gerson Recinos Onramp Metering System Using Arduino and Processing Overview For this project I built an Onramp Metering System using Arduino and Processing. The Microcontroller used was Arduino (based on Atmel168) and the programming languages were Processing and Wiring (derivative
Kachroo, Pushkin
Impact of orifice metering uncertainties
In a recent utility study, attributed 38% of its unaccounted-for UAF gas to orifice metering uncertainty biasing caused by straightening vanes. How this was determined and how this applied to the company's orifice meters is described. Almost all (97%) of the company's UAF gas was found to be attributed to identifiable accounting procedures, measurement problems, theft and leakage.
Stuart, J.W. (Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, CA (USA))
Demand Response Valuation Frameworks Paper
see: Deciding on �Smart� Meters: The Technology Implicationslegislation/deciding_on_smart_meters. pdf) xxviii However,
Heffner, Grayson
Influence of Air Conditioner Operation on Electricity Use and Peak Demand
Electricity demand due to occupant controlled room air conditioners in a large mater-metered apartment building is analyzed. Hourly data on the electric demand of the building and of individual air conditioners are used in analyses of annual...
McGarity, A. E.; Feuermann, D.; Kempton, W.; Norford, L. K.
AMI Communication Requirements to Implement Demand-Response: Applicability of Hybrid Spread Spectrum Wireless
While holistically defining the smart grid is a challenge, one area of interest is demand-response. In 2009, the Department of Energy announced over $4 billion in grant and project funding for the Smart Grid. A significant amount of this funding was allotted to utilities for cost sharing projects to deploy Smart Grid technologies, many of whom have deployed and are deploying advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI is an enabler to increase the efficiency of utilities and the bulk power grid. The bulk electrical system is unique in that it produces electricity as it is consumed. Most other industries have a delay between generation and consumption. This aspect of the power grid means that there must be enough generation capacity to meet the highest demand whereas other industries could over produce during off-peak times. This requires significant investment in generation capacity to cover the few days a year of peak consumption. Since bulk electrical storage doesn't yet exist at scale another way to curb the need for new peak period generation is through demand-response; that is to incentivize consumers (demand) to curtail (respond) electrical usage during peak periods. Of the various methods proposed for enabling demand-response, this paper will focus on the communication requirements for creating an energy market using transactional controls. More specifically, the paper will focus on the communication requirements needed to send the peak period notices and receive the response back from the consumers.
Hadley, Mark D.; Clements, Samuel L.; Carroll, Thomas E.
Demand Response and Ancillary Services September 2008
Demand Response and Ancillary Services September 2008 #12;© 2008 EnerNOC, Inc. All Rights Reserved programs The purpose of this presentation is to offer insight into the mechanics of demand response and industrial demand response resources across North America in both regulated and restructured markets As of 6
Demand Response Programs, 6. edition
The report provides a look at the past, present, and future state of the market for demand/load response based upon market price signals. It is intended to provide significant value to individuals and companies who are considering participating in demand response programs, energy providers and ISOs interested in offering demand response programs, and consultants and analysts looking for detailed information on demand response technology, applications, and participants. The report offers a look at the current Demand Response environment in the energy industry by: defining what demand response programs are; detailing the evolution of program types over the last 30 years; discussing the key drivers of current initiatives; identifying barriers and keys to success for the programs; discussing the argument against subsidization of demand response; describing the different types of programs that exist including:direct load control, interruptible load, curtailable load, time-of-use, real time pricing, and demand bidding/buyback; providing examples of the different types of programs; examining the enablers of demand response programs; and, providing a look at major demand response programs.
Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport utilities metering, Phase 1
Pacific Northwest Laboratory developed this report for the US Navy's Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport, Rhode Island (NUWC). The purpose of the report was to review options for metering electricity and steam used in the NUWC compound, and to make recommendations to NUWC for implementation under a follow-on project. An additional NUWC concern is a proposed rate change by the servicing utility, Newport Electric, which would make a significant shift from consumption to demand billing, and what effect that rate change would have on the NUWC utility budget. Automated, remote reading meters are available which would allow NUWC to monitor its actual utility consumption and demand for both the entire NUWC compound and by end-use in individual buildings. Technology is available to perform the meter reads and manipulate the data using a personal computer with minimal staff requirement. This is not meant to mislead the reader into assuming that there is no requirement for routine preventive maintenance. All equipment requires routine maintenance to maintain its accuracy. While PNL reviewed the data collected during the site visit, however, it became obvious that significant opportunities exist for reducing the utility costs other than accounting for actual consumption and demand. Unit costs for both steam and electricity are unnecessarily high, and options are presented in this report for reducing them. Additionally, NUWC has an opportunity to undertake a comprehensive energy resource management program to significantly reduce its energy demand, consumption, and costs.
Carroll, D.M.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory developed this report for the US Navy`s Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport, Rhode Island (NUWC). The purpose of the report was to review options for metering electricity and steam used in the NUWC compound, and to make recommendations to NUWC for implementation under a follow-on project. An additional NUWC concern is a proposed rate change by the servicing utility, Newport Electric, which would make a significant shift from consumption to demand billing, and what effect that rate change would have on the NUWC utility budget. Automated, remote reading meters are available which would allow NUWC to monitor its actual utility consumption and demand for both the entire NUWC compound and by end-use in individual buildings. Technology is available to perform the meter reads and manipulate the data using a personal computer with minimal staff requirement. This is not meant to mislead the reader into assuming that there is no requirement for routine preventive maintenance. All equipment requires routine maintenance to maintain its accuracy. While PNL reviewed the data collected during the site visit, however, it became obvious that significant opportunities exist for reducing the utility costs other than accounting for actual consumption and demand. Unit costs for both steam and electricity are unnecessarily high, and options are presented in this report for reducing them. Additionally, NUWC has an opportunity to undertake a comprehensive energy resource management program to significantly reduce its energy demand, consumption, and costs.
Scalable, Secure Energy Information Management for Demand-Response Analysis Yogesh Simmhan1,2
, pricing, and demand among utility providers and consumers. While the smart meter infrastructure the events streaming from smart meters through the smart grid, to meaningful analysis and feedback for these decisions comes from diverse sources: smart meters that report near real-time power usage and quality
Prasanna, Viktor K.
Advanced Demand Side Management for the Future Smart Grid Using Mechanism Design
meter. All smart meters are connected to not only the power grid but also a communication infrastructure. This allows two-way communication among smart meters and the utility company. We analytically model each user1 Advanced Demand Side Management for the Future Smart Grid Using Mechanism Design Pedram Samadi
Wong, Vincent
Valley Electric Association- Net Metering
The Board of Directors for Valley Electric Association (VEA) approved net metering in April 2008. The rules apply to systems up to 30 kW, though owners of larger systems may be able to negotiate...
Grays Harbor PUD- Net Metering
Grays Harbor PUD's net-metering program differs slightly from what is required by Washington state law in that Grays Harbor PUD reimburses customers for net excess generation (NEG), at the end of...
Austin Energy- Net Metering (Texas)
Austin Energy, the municipal utility of Austin Texas, offers net metering for renewable energy systems up to 20 kilowatts (kW) to its non-residential retail electricity customers. The definition of...
Electric Metering | Department of Energy
has installed meters in the James Forrestal Building that will enable DOE to measure electricity use and costs in its headquarters facility. You may explore this data further by...
START USING THE NEW ONLINE METER REQUEST FORM TOOL CAS login Logging in with your Princeton Net and convenient way for departments to send outgoing metered mail with Mail Services! The new Online Meter Request
Singh, Jaswinder Pal
Healthcare Energy Metering Guidance (Brochure)
This brochure is intended to help facility and energy managers plan and prioritize investments in energy metering. It offers healthcare-specific examples of metering applications, benefits, and steps that other health systems can reproduce. It reflects collaborative input from the U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and the health system members of the DOE Hospital Energy Alliance's Benchmarking and Measurement Project Team.
Gamma radiation field intensity meter
A gamma radiation intensity meter measures dose rate of a radiation field. The gamma radiation intensity meter includes a tritium battery emitting beta rays generating a current which is essentially constant. Dose rate is correlated to an amount of movement of an electroscope element charged by the tritium battery. Ionizing radiation decreases the voltage at the element and causes movement. A bleed resistor is coupled between the electroscope support element or electrode and the ionization chamber wall electrode. 4 figs.
Thacker, L.H.
A gamma radiation intensity meter measures dose rate of a radiation field. The gamma radiation intensity meter includes a tritium battery emitting beta rays generating a current which is essentially constant. Dose rate is correlated to an amount of movement of an electroscope element charged by the tritium battery. Ionizing radiation decreases the voltage at the element and causes movement. A bleed resistor is coupled between the electroscope support element or electrode and the ionization chamber wall electrode.
Thacker, Louis H. (Knoxville, TN)
On the Scalable Collection of Metering Data in Smart Grids through Message Concatenation
, demand-side management, to name a few. A big challenge for smart grid application scenarios issue of how to communicate and handle consumer data collected by electric utilities and manage limited center, as well as between the smart meter and consumer appliances, would be facilitated for demand
Namboodiri, Vinod
DVS5.2 METERS 10 METERS 8 METERS OCR507, STOR-X DATA LOGGER 16" BATTERY HOUSING TC INVERTED5 METERS 1" SAS INDUCTIVE CABLE BREAKOUT RADAR REFLECTOR OS PAPA RECOVERY HANDLE 1 METER-SBE 37 MICROCAT TC HUMIDITY (FLEX) CTD/GTD/O2 4 METERS WETLabs FLNTUSB FLUOROMETER DOUBLE NUT AND TORQUE ALL LOAD CELL NUTS
BPA Metering Services� Editing and Estimating Procedures
Editing and Estimating Interval Data 1. Introduction This section defines the meter interval data editing and estimation techniques performed by BPA's Metering Services...
Smart Meter Company Boosting Production, Workforce | Department...
Smart Meter Company Boosting Production, Workforce Smart Meter Company Boosting Production, Workforce September 30, 2010 - 10:53am Addthis Kevin Craft What does this mean for me?...
Demand Response and Open Automated Demand Response
LBNL-3047E Demand Response and Open Automated Demand Response Opportunities for Data Centers G described in this report was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and funded by the California. Demand Response and Open Automated Demand Response Opportunities for Data Centers. California Energy
A study of the coherent structures and installation effects in an orifice flow meter
. Errors on the order of approximately 250 millions of dollar per year have been estimated for the natural gas industry. The urgent need to improve the accuracy has fueled basic research in the area of orifice flow meters. The objectives of this present... study were to analyze the coherent structures present in an orifice flow meter, and to examine the effect of a flow conditioner placed upstream of the orifice plate on the flow meter's accuracy, The coherent structures were measured by performing...
Pattabhi, Srikanth
A restructuring agenda for developing competitive retail electric markets that is based on a low-cost, real-time, smart-kilowatt-hour meter adapter
This paper proposes six agenda items that should expedite a politically smooth transition into a most efficient economically viable market-driven public power system. The agenda would introduce: the virtual marketplace for retail electric power, smart meters, smart meter readers, near-real-time load balancing and load apportionment, advanced supply and demand or commodity-style pricing, and reliability metering.
Chasek, N.E.
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand An Assessment of Supply Adequacy in California Trends.......................................................................................................1 HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND.....................................................................................................................7 SECTION I: HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND ..........................9 BACKGROUND
426 AN ELECTRICAL OXYGEN-TEMPERATURE METER FOR FISHERY BIOLOGISTS SEP 2 1196: vuUiJo HIM. . SPECIAL and Wildlife, Daniel H. Janzen, Director AN ELECTRICAL OXYGEN-TEMPERATURE METER FOR FISHERY BIOLOGISTS -temperature meter 11 Maintenance and trouble -shooting 12 #12;AN ELECTRICAL OXYGEN-TEMPERATURE METER
Hardware Metering: A Survey Farinaz Koushanfar
Chapter 1 Hardware Metering: A Survey Farinaz Koushanfar Abstract This chapter provides the first comprehensive overview of hard- ware integrated circuits (IC) protection by metering. Hardware metering, or IC metering refers to mechanisms, methods, and protocols that enable track- ing of the ICs post
meter:alittlelonger kilometer:alittlemore
Yard Meter meter:alittlelonger thanayard mile kilometer kilometer:alittlemore thanhalfamile gramM1000000 gigaG1000000000 COMMONPREFIXES 1 8765432 9 161514131211101 8765432 9 16151413121110 cm Yard Meter meter:alittlelonger thanayard mile kilometer kilometer:alittlemore thanhalfamile gram
Energy Theft in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure
of the smart grid is an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI replaces the analog meters, but that current AMI devices introduce a myriad of new vectors for achieving it. Key words: AMI, Smart meter currently deployed smart-meters, and attempt to identify root causes of existing vulnerabilities. Theft
McDaniel, Patrick Drew
Precision metering of germinated seeds
actuated by an electrical solenoid was used to mechanically capture individual seeds. Air was used to eject the seeds from the system. A new single file device employing dilution flow was tested at rates as high as ten seeds per second. It produced... distribution was found to adequately represent the data. The metering system was tested at ejection rates ranging from 1. 3 to 4. 5 seeds per second, with most tests at rates between two and three seeds per second. The performance of the metering system...
Elliot, Gregory Lawrence
Station design using orifice meters
This paper reports that proper meter station design using gas orifice meters must include consideration of a number of factors to minimize operation and maintenance problems while obtaining the best accuracy over the life of the station. A station should provide accuracy, be safe, functional, economical and free of undue maintenance. It should comply with all codes, reports and specifications but most of all it should be able to comply with terms set forth in the contract. All measuring stations should be designed with considerations of growth or reductions in volume. It should be attractive and built to last for many years.
Upp, E.L. (Daniel Industries, Inc., Houston, TX (United States))
Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in
LBNL-5319E Assessing the Control Systems Capacity for Demand Response in California Industries in this report was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and funded by the California Energy of the Demand Response Research Center Industrial Controls Experts Working Group: · Jim Filanc, Southern
Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in the California
LBNL-4849E Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in the California Cement in this report was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and funded by the California Energy. Opportunities for Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in the California Cement Industry. PIER Industrial
Demographics and industry returns
Industry category Child care Children�s books Children�s clothing Toysindustry Child care Children�s books Children�s clothing ToysIndustries are associated with high demand by children (child care, toys) and
Pollet, Joshua A.; DellaVigna, Stefano
2,309 METERS BOUYANT POLYOLEFIN MOORING LINE 10 METER LENGTH NYLON STIFFENER APPLIED TO 1" NYLON EYE INTO EYE SPLICE 20 METERS 1 1/8" NYLON 697.4 METERS 7/16" WIRE ROPE 36.1 METERS TC inverted35 METERS 40 METERS 700 METERS 3/4" SAS, Wrench tighten. ** 3/4" SAS WITH BUSHING, Wrench tighten. ** .5
Electrical Metering Equipment and Sensors Appendix D -Electrical Metering Equipment and Sensors
Appendix D Electrical Metering Equipment and Sensors #12;D.1 Appendix D - Electrical Metering schedules, and view system status from the convenience of a standard web-browser. D.2 Metering Data Logger
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recovery challenge fund LasDubeyChallengeMetal & Alloyand RP-1 Agreement
Quantifying the Variable Effects of Systems with Demand Response Resources
Quantifying the Variable Effects of Systems with Demand Response Resources Anupama Kowli and George in the electricity industry. In particular, there is a new class of consumers, called demand response resources (DRRs
Long Island Smart Metering Pilot Project
The Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) Smart Meter Pilots provided invaluable information and experience for future deployments of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), including the deployment planned as part of LIPA�??s Smart Grid Demonstration Project (DE-OE0000220). LIPA will incorporate lessons learned from this pilot in future deployments, including lessons relating to equipment performance specifications and testing, as well as equipment deployment and tracking issues. LIPA ultimately deployed three AMI technologies instead of the two that were originally contemplated. This enabled LIPA to evaluate multiple systems in field conditions with a relatively small number of meter installations. LIPA experienced a number of equipment and software issues that it did not anticipate, including issues relating to equipment integration, ability to upgrade firmware and software �??over the air�?� (as opposed to physically interacting with every meter), and logistical challenges associated with tracking inventory and upgrade status of deployed meters. In addition to evaluating the technology, LIPA also piloted new Time-of-Use (TOU) rates to assess customer acceptance of time-differentiated pricing and to evaluate whether customers would respond by adjusting their activities from peak to non-peak periods. LIPA developed a marketing program to educate customers who received AMI in the pilot areas and to seek voluntary participation in TOU pricing. LIPA also guaranteed participating customers that, for their initial year on the rates, their electricity costs under the TOU rate would not exceed the amount they would have paid under the flat rates they would otherwise enjoy. 62 residential customers chose to participate in the TOU rates, and every one of them saved money during the first year. 61 of them also elected to stay on the TOU rate �?? without the cost guarantee �?? at the end of that year. The customer who chose not to continue on the rate was also the one who achieved the greatest savings. However, after the first year, the customer in question installed equipment that would have made TOU rates a more costly option than the residential flat rate. During the second year, all but one customer saved money. That customer increased usage during peak hours, and as a result saw an increase in annual costs (as compared to the flat rate) of $24.17. The results were less clear for commercial customers, which LIPA attributes to rate design issues that it will take into account for future deployments. LIPA views this pilot as a complete success. Not only is LIPA better prepared for a larger deployment of AMI, but it is confident that residential customers will accept AMI and TOU rates and shift their energy consumption from peak to non-peak periods in response to pricing. On a larger scale, this will benefit LIPA and all of its customers by potentially lowering peak demand when energy costs are highest.
Demand for NGL as olefin plant feedstock
Olefin plant demand for natural gas liquids as feedstock constitutes a key market for the NGL industry. Feedstock flexibility and the price sensitive nature of petrochemical demand are described. Future trends are presented. The formation and objectives of the Petrochemical Feedstock Association of the Americas are discussed.
Dodds, A.R. [Quantum Chemical Corp., Houston, TX (United States)
Government Program Briefing: Smart Metering
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
This document is adapted and updated from a memo delivered to the City Council of New Orleans, the office of the Mayor of New Orleans, the Chairperson of the Citizen Stakeholders Group (New Orleans Energy Task Force) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Project Officer in March 2008. This briefing piece provides an overview of the benefits, costs, and challenges of smart metering.
Doris, E.; Peterson, K.
Energy Savers [EERE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustion |Energy UsageAUDITVehicles » AlternativeUpDrain-Water Heat RecoveryEarnedElectric Metering
Metered Mail Form International Mail Only
Metered Mail Form International Mail Only Charge to Department USPS First Class Mail International International Metered Mail Form and must be kept separate from all other domestic mail. · International mail
Palmeri, Thomas
Heating Energy Meter Validation for Apartments
Household heat metering is the core of heating system reform. Because of many subjective and objective factors, household heat metering has not been put into practice to a large extent in China. In this article, the research subjects are second...
Cai, B.; Li, D.; Hao, B.
City of St. George- Net Metering
The St. George City Council adopted a [http://www.sgcity.org/wp/power/NetMeteringPolicy.pdf net-metering program for area utilities], including interconnection procedures, in October 2005.* The...
Long Island Power Authority- Net Metering
: Note: In October 2012 the LIPA Board of Trustees adopted changes to the utility's net metering tariff that permit remote net metering for non-residential solar and wind energy systems, and farm...
Pacific Northwest Demand Response Project Lee Hall, BPA Smart Grid Program Manager
Pacific Northwest Demand Response Project Lee Hall, BPA Smart Grid Program Manager February 14 utilities to invest in DR Regional situational analysis issues to address #12;Nationally Demand ResponseSource: FERC Demand Response & Advanced Metering Report, February 2011 Peak DR 65,000 MW 1,062 MW Peak DR
The practical equity implications of advanced metering infrastructure
Reductions in advanced metering costs and the efficiency benefits of dynamic pricing make a compelling case to adopt both, particularly for industrial and commercial facilities. Regulators should seriously consider such policies for residential households as well. Regulators can take meaningful steps to mitigate, if not entirely offset, the possibility that some low-income ratepayers may have higher electricity bills with AM and DP. (author)
Felder, Frank A.
Metering Schemes for General Access Structures
Metering Schemes for General Access Structures Barbara Masucci Dipartimento di Informatica ed, Canada Email: email@example.com Abstract A metering scheme is a method by which an audit time frame. In this paper we construct metering schemes for more general access structures, which
A PHOTOELECTRIC CURRENT METER Marine Biological Laboratory!
330 A PHOTOELECTRIC CURRENT METER Marine Biological Laboratory! WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL CURRENT METER by H. C. Boyar Fishery Research Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological. March 1960 #12;#12;TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Description and operation of the meter
Newport Power Meter Drivers CD Installation Software
Newport Power Meter Drivers CD Installation Software Version 2.3.1 Revision Date: October 16, 2008 IMPORTANT NOTES: The USB drivers on your CD must be installed before the Newport Power Meter is connected to your PC (via USB cable). Manual: The latest manuals for the Newport Power Meters can be found
Kleinfeld, David
THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METER IN FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS I Marine Biological Laboratory! WOODS RESISTIVITY METER IN FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS By Robert E. Lennon Fishery Research Biologist Appalachian Sport) BiblioKiMpliy : p. ]!. 1. Electric meters. 2. Water--Analysis. 3. Electric fishing. I. Title. ( Series
Metered Mail Form Domestic Mail Only
Metered Mail Form Domestic Mail Only For USPS Mail Only Charge to Department First Class Mail Media Meter Form. · All outgoing USPS Mail that needs postage should be kept separate from all other mail already be sealed prior to being metered. Failure to properly seal this type of mail could result
Smart Meter Security Infrastructure: Some Observations
to infer otherwise-private life-style details of the Smart Meter user. 2 An attacker who can issue on the capa- bility of the device, such an attacker can reset a Smart Meter, cut off electricity supply, access Smart Grid nodes via the Smart Meter, or pretend electricity use that is other than the actual use
Ladkin, Peter B.
Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering Alfredo Rial
Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering Alfredo Rial K.U.Leuven, ESAT/COSIC & IBBT Leuven, Belgium General Terms Security Keywords Billing, Smart metering, Cryptographic Protocol, Verifiable Computing 1 of smart meter data for more accurate forecasting, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part
Bernstein, Phil
2,275 METERS BOUYANT POLYOLEFIN MOORING LINE 10 METERS NYLON STIFFENER 3/4" SAS .5 M 1/2" CHAIN 3" GLASS BALL FLOATS on 2.5 M Chain ACOUSTIC RELEASE 20 METERS 1 1/8" NYLON 5/8" SAS 5/8" SAS 3/4" SAS .5 METER CHAIN 5/8" SAS 2 METER CHAIN 697.4 METERS 7/16" WIRE ROPE SONTEK7 METERS 10 METERS 8.3 METERS TV
2,279 METERS BOUYANT POLYOLEFIN MOORING LINE 10 METERS NYLON STIFFENER 3/4" SAS .5 M 1/2" CHAIN 5 SPLICE 6 ea.17" GLASS BALL FLOATS ACOUSTIC RELEASE 20 METERS 1 1/8" NYLON 5/8" SAS 5/8" SAS 3/4" SAS .5 METER CHAIN 5/8" SAS 2 METER CHAIN TC INVERTED5 METERS 697.4 METERS WIRE ROPE SONTEK7 METERS 10 METERS 8
Melodic cues to meter 1 Running Head: MELODIC CUES TO METER
Melodic cues to meter 1 Running Head: MELODIC CUES TO METER The Role of Melodic and Temporal Cues in Perceiving Musical Meter Erin E. Hannon Cornell University Joel S. Snyder Cornell University Tuomas Eerola-569-4326 Tel: 905-828-5415 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com #12;Melodic cues to meter 2 Abstract A number of different
Ahmad, Sajjad
ANALYSIS OF HIGH PRESSURE TESTS ON WET GAS FLOW METERING WITH A VENTURI METER P. Gajan , Q, 64018 Pau cedex, France email@example.com Abstract This work deals with the flow metering of wet gas on the CEESI facilities are presented. They are performed at 75 bars with 0.6 beta ratio Venturi meter
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11 PQMII Power Quality Meter
#12;#12;#12;PQMII POWER QUALITY METER INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11 PQMII Power Quality Meter Chapter 1 Multilin PQMII Power Quality Meter is an ideal choice for continuous monitoring of a single or three-phase system. It provides metering for current, voltage, real power, reactive power, apparent power, energy use
Meyers, Steven D.
Ramp meters on trial: Evidence from the Twin Cities metering holiday
Ramp meters on trial: Evidence from the Twin Cities metering holiday David Levinson a,*, Lei Zhang; accepted 15 December 2004 Abstract Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures
Levinson, David M.
Microsoft Word - CX-Paisley_Meter_08Aug2013.doc
inspect SVEC's metering support installations, and install and test a new revenue meter. The new revenue meter would be installed in a fiberglass enclosure and would be wired...
of integrating demand response and energy efficiencyand D. Kathan (2009), Demand Response in U.S. ElectricityFRAMEWORKS THAT PROMOTE DEMAND RESPONSE 3.1. Demand Response
Addressing Energy Demand through Demand Response:both the avoided energy costs (and demand charges) as wellCoordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response,
Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting
Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting Host: Francis Rubinstein Demand Response Research Center demand responsive lighting systems Importance of dimming New wireless controls technologies · Advanced Demand Responsive Lighting (commenced March 2007) #12;Objectives · Provide up-to-date information
benefits of Demand Side Management (DSM) are insufficient toefficiency, demand side management (DSM) cost effectivenessResearch Center Demand Side Management Demand Side Resources
Cameras, PwrMeter,and MultiMeter rfi August 27, 1999 5 FIGURE 3: Power meter birdie with door closed.
Cameras, PwrMeter,and MultiMeter rfi August 27, 1999 5 FIGURE 3: Power meter birdie with door closed. Fri Aug 27 23:17:58 1999 phil #12; Cameras, PwrMeter,and MultiMeter rfi August 27, 1999 4 FIGURE 2. Power meter, multimeter birdies with door closed. Fri Aug 27 23:14:06 1999 phil #12; Cameras, PwrMeter
Capacity Analysis of a Wireless Backhaul for Metering in the Smart Grid
in the maintenance of the supply-demand balance around the clock and the resulting reliability improvement. By improving the communication infrastructure, a vital ingredient for the Smart Grid, a more reliable approach. With the introduction of AMI technology, two-way communication between a smart meter (SM) and the control center
Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp-Metering Algorithms Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model
in the vicinity of the ramp. Examples of local traffic-responsive control are demand capacity, occupancy control and potential effectiveness of such algorithms depend on a number of complex factors that are best investigated-metering policies, implementations based on such develop- ments have been slow in coming. In practice, modes
NEMS industrial module documentation report
The NEMS Industrial Demand Model is a dynamic accounting model, bringing together the disparate industries and uses of energy in those industries, and putting them together in an understandable and cohesive framework. The Industrial Model generates mid-term (up to the year 2010) forecasts of industrial sector energy demand as a component of the NEMS integrated forecasting system. From the NEMS system, the Industrial Model receives fuel prices, employment data, and the value of output of industrial activity. Based on the values of these variables, the Industrial Model passes back to the NEMS system estimates of consumption by fuel types.
Farmington Electric Utility System- Net Metering
Net metering rules developed by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (PRC) apply to the state's investor-owned utilities and electric cooperatives. Municipal utilities, which are not...
Ellsworth Air Force Base Advanced Metering Project
Presentation covers the Ellsworth Air Force Base Advanced Metering project and is given at the Spring 2010 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting in Providence, Rhode Island.
Industry Alliance Industry Alliance
Industry Alliance Industry Alliance Clean, Sustainable Energy for the 21st Century Industry Alliance Industry Alliance Clean, Sustainable Energy for the 21st Century October, 2010...
Use of Utility Interval Meters in an Industrial Energy Audit
This paper describes a unique approach to an energy audit of a large tank farm. The audit was unusual in that it was located out-of-doors and the energy-using equipment was made up almost entirely of pumps. The auditors used the utility interval...
Wallace, M.
Trends in Regional Electricity Demands 1995-2012
to Department of Energy in EIA form 861. Council staff takes annual reported retail sales by each utility. Street lighting sales are not metered but rather estimated . 10 #12;Losses are Defined as Energy LoadsTrends in Regional Electricity Demands 1995-2012 January 29, 2014 #12;In Today's Conversation
Modeling the semiconductor industry dynamics
The semiconductor industry is an exciting and challenging industry. Strong demand at the application end, plus the high capital intensity and rapid technological innovation in manufacturing, makes it difficult to manage ...
Wu, Kailiang
Proton recoil scintillator neutron rem meter
A neutron rem meter utilizing proton recoil and thermal neutron scintillators to provide neutron detection and dose measurement. In using both fast scintillators and a thermal neutron scintillator the meter provides a wide range of sensitivity, uniform directional response, and uniform dose response. The scintillators output light to a photomultiplier tube that produces an electrical signal to an external neutron counter.
Olsher, Richard H. (Los Alamos, NM); Seagraves, David T. (Los Alamos, NM)
Uranium 2009 resources, production and demand
With several countries currently building nuclear power plants and planning the construction of more to meet long-term increases in electricity demand, uranium resources, production and demand remain topics of notable interest. In response to the projected growth in demand for uranium and declining inventories, the uranium industry � the first critical link in the fuel supply chain for nuclear reactors � is boosting production and developing plans for further increases in the near future. Strong market conditions will, however, be necessary to trigger the investments required to meet projected demand. The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. It is based on information compiled in 40 countries, including those that are major producers and consumers of uranium. This 23rd edition provides a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as of 1 January 2009, as well as data on global ur...
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris
Insights from Smart Meters: The Potential for Peak-Hour Savings from Behavior-Based Programs
The rollout of smart meters in the last several years has opened up new forms of previously unavailable energy data. Many utilities are now able in real-time to capture granular, household level interval usage data at very high-frequency levels for a large proportion of their residential and small commercial customer population. This can be linked to other time and locationspecific information, providing vast, constantly growing streams of rich data (sometimes referred to by the recently popular buzz word, �big data�). Within the energy industry there is increasing interest in tapping into the opportunities that these data can provide. What can we do with all of these data? The richness and granularity of these data enable many types of creative and cutting-edge analytics. Technically sophisticated and rigorous statistical techniques can be used to pull interesting insights out of this highfrequency, human-focused data. We at LBNL are calling this �behavior analytics�. This kind of analytics has the potential to provide tremendous value to a wide range of energy programs. For example, highly disaggregated and heterogeneous information about actual energy use would allow energy efficiency (EE) and/or demand response (DR) program implementers to target specific programs to specific households; would enable evaluation, measurement and verification (EM&V) of energy efficiency programs to be performed on a much shorter time horizon than was previously possible; and would provide better insights in to the energy and peak hour savings associated with specifics types of EE and DR programs (e.g., behavior-based (BB) programs). In this series, �Insights from Smart Meters�, we will present concrete, illustrative examples of the type of value that insights from behavior analytics of these data can provide (as well as pointing out its limitations). We will supply several types of key findings, including: � Novel results, which answer questions the industry previously was unable to answer; � Proof-of-concept analytics tools that can be adapted and used by others; and � Guidelines and protocols that summarize analytical best practices. This report focuses on one example of the kind of value that analysis of this data can provide: insights into whether behavior-based (BB) efficiency programs have the potential to provide peak-hour energy savings.
Todd, Annika; Perry, Michael; Smith, Brian; Sullivan, Michael; Cappers, Peter; Goldman, Charles
Data for Automated Demand Response in Commercial Buildings,Demand Response Infrastructure for Commercial Buildings",demand response and energy efficiency functions into the design of buildings,
Design of high pressure metering and regulating stations
Metering and regulating stations effectively serve as the cash registers of the natural gas industry. While the potential for lost revenue resulting from improper design is a serious consideration, it is not the only one. The potential exists for problems such as excessive noise levels, inaccurate reflection of lost and unaccounted-for gas, and numerous potentially hazardous situations. The best time to limit the potential for problems is during the design process. This, together with the critical nature of these stations, dictates that proper design is imperative. Proper design of metering and regulating stations is a constantly changing and extremely complicated subject. There are virtually an infinite number of situations that the designer can encounter in evaluating his design. In view of this, it is impossible to develop a cookbook method of designing these stations that covers all possible situations. The emphasis of this paper is to briefly touch on the major aspects of metering and regulating station design. Steps involved in station design are: 1. Collection of data on the proposed station. 2. Determination of piping configuration. 3. Selection of measurement equipment. 4. Selection of pressure regulating and overpressure protection equipment. 5. Communication of the final design to field personnel.
Rehler, D.A. [Oklahoma Natural Gas Co., Enid, OK (United States)
Japan's Long-term Energy Demand and Supply Scenario to 2050 - Estimation for the Potential of Massive CO2 Mitigation
Factors behind declining demand for oil include a shift fromfuel. In the industrial sector, oil demand will decrease dueto a falling demand for oil for chemical materials. In the
Komiyama, Ryoichi
Demand Response Spinning Reserve Demonstration
F) Enhanced ACP Date RAA ACP Demand Response � SpinningReserve Demonstration Demand Response � Spinning Reservesupply spinning reserve. Demand Response � Spinning Reserve
Automated Demand Response and Commissioning
Fully-Automated Demand Response Test in Large Facilities14in DR systems. Demand Response using HVAC in Commercialof Fully Automated Demand Response in Large Facilities�
Piette, Mary Ann; Watson, David S.; Motegi, Naoya; Bourassa, Norman
and Demand Response in Commercial Buildings�, Lawrencesystems. Demand Response using HVAC in Commercial BuildingsDemand Response Test in Large Facilities13 National Conference on Building
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION CALIFORNIA ENERGY DEMAND 2006-2016 STAFF ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST Demand Forecast report is the product of the efforts of many current and former California Energy-2 Demand Forecast Disaggregation......................................................1-4 Statewide
Demand response enabling technology development
ce Temperature sensors Smart Meter Motion sensors Figure 1:In these early ideas the �smart meter� was simulated on ameter to be compatible with a variety of dynamic tariff structures. The �smart
Demand Response In California
Presentation covers the demand response in California and is given at the FUPWG 2006 Fall meeting, held on November 1-2, 2006 in San Francisco, California.
City of New Orleans- Net Metering
In May 2007, the New Orleans City Council adopted net-metering rules that are similar to rules adopted by the Louisiana Public Service Commission (PSC) in November 2005. The City Council's rules...
Hydro-Qu�bec Net Metering (Quebec, Canada)
In line with Hydro-Qu�bec's commitment to the environment and sustainable development, Hydro-Qu�bec is supporting self-generation with a new rate offering: the net metering option. This option...
Murray City Power- Net Metering Pilot Program
Under a pilot program, Murray City Power offers net metering to customers that generate electricity using photovoltaic (PV), wind-electric or hydroelectric systems with a maximum capacity of 10...
U.S. Virgin Islands- Net Metering
In February 2007, the U.S. Virgin Islands Public Services Commission approved a limited net-metering program for residential and commercial photovoltaic (PV), wind-energy or other renewable energy...
Working With Your Utility to Obtain Metering Services
Presentation�given at the Spring 2013 Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) meeting�covers the government metering requirement, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) metering directive, and customer metering services available from utilities.
You Can Justify Meters for Your Energy Conservation Program
Meters don't save energy' This statement has often concluded a meeting or terminated a budget request leaving the metering proponent feeling frustrated. Such a statement is technically correct when meters are evaluated in the same way as equipment...
Rusnak, J. J.
Use Meters to Put Teeth into Your Conservation Programs
is effective flow metering, but that is a difficult job even in more traditional applications. The problem is compounded by the fact that traditional metering concepts are inadequate for the unique problems presented by retro-metering for in...
Hayes, J. W.; Rusnak, J. J.
CONSULTANT REPORT DEMAND FORECAST EXPERT PANEL INITIAL forecast, end-use demand modeling, econometric modeling, hybrid demand modeling, energyMahon, Carl Linvill 2012. Demand Forecast Expert Panel Initial Assessment. California Energy
Senior Center Network Redesign Under Demand Uncertainty
Senior Center Network Redesign Under Demand Uncertainty Osman Y. ¨Ozaltin Department of Industrial of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA, firstname.lastname@example.com Andrew J. Schaefer Department. In response, we propose a two-echelon network of senior centers. We for- mulate a two-stage stochastic
Schaefer, Andrew
Uranium 2014 resources, production and demand
Published every other year, Uranium Resources, Production, and Demand, or the "Red Book" as it is commonly known, is jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is the recognised world reference on uranium and is based on official information received from 43 countries. It presents the results of a thorough review of world uranium supplies and demand and provides a statistical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resource estimates, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantial new information from all major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and North America. Long-term projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements are provided as well as a discussion of long-term uranium supply and demand issues. This edition focuses on recent price and production increases that could signal major changes in the industry.
This paper reviews the relationship between energy efficiency and demand response and discusses approaches and barriers to coordinating energy efficiency and demand response. The paper is intended to support the 10 implementation goals of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency's Vision to achieve all cost-effective energy efficiency by 2025. Improving energy efficiency in our homes, businesses, schools, governments, and industries - which consume more than 70 percent of the nation's natural gas and electricity - is one of the most constructive, cost-effective ways to address the challenges of high energy prices, energy security and independence, air pollution, and global climate change. While energy efficiency is an increasingly prominent component of efforts to supply affordable, reliable, secure, and clean electric power, demand response is becoming a valuable tool in utility and regional resource plans. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) estimated the contribution from existing U.S. demand response resources at about 41,000 megawatts (MW), about 5.8 percent of 2008 summer peak demand (FERC, 2008). Moreover, FERC recently estimated nationwide achievable demand response potential at 138,000 MW (14 percent of peak demand) by 2019 (FERC, 2009).2 A recent Electric Power Research Institute study estimates that 'the combination of demand response and energy efficiency programs has the potential to reduce non-coincident summer peak demand by 157 GW' by 2030, or 14-20 percent below projected levels (EPRI, 2009a). This paper supports the Action Plan's effort to coordinate energy efficiency and demand response programs to maximize value to customers. For information on the full suite of policy and programmatic options for removing barriers to energy efficiency, see the Vision for 2025 and the various other Action Plan papers and guides available at www.epa.gov/eeactionplan.
Goldman, Charles; Reid, Michael; Levy, Roger; Silverstein, Alison
Demand models for U.S. domestic air passenger markets
The airline industry in recent years has suffered from the adverse effects of top level planning decisions based upon inaccurate demand forecasts. The air carriers have recognized the immediate need to develop their ...
Eriksen, Steven Edward
U.S. electric utility demand-side management 1993
This report presents comprehensive information on electric power industry demand-side management activities in the United States at the national, regional, and utility levels. Data is included for energy savings, peakload reductions, and costs.
Small and medium commercial customers in California make up about 20-25% of electric peak load in California. With the roll out of smart meters to this customer group, which enable granular measurement of electricity consumption, the investor-owned utilities will offer dynamic prices as default tariffs by the end of 2011. Pacific Gas and Electric Company, which successfully deployed Automated Demand Response (AutoDR) Programs to its large commercial and industrial customers, started investigating the same infrastructures application to the small and medium commercial customers. This project aims to identify available technologies suitable for automating demand response for small-medium commercial buildings; to validate the extent to which that technology does what it claims to be able to do; and determine the extent to which customers find the technology useful for DR purpose. Ten sites, enabled by eight vendors, participated in at least four test AutoDR events per site in the summer of 2010. The results showed that while existing technology can reliably receive OpenADR signals and translate them into pre-programmed response strategies, it is likely that better levels of load sheds could be obtained than what is reported here if better understanding of the building systems were developed and the DR response strategies had been carefully designed and optimized for each site.
Page, Janie; Kiliccote, Sila; Dudley, Junqiao Han; Piette, Mary Ann; Chiu, Albert K.; Kellow, Bashar; Koch, Ed; Lipkin, Paul
INSTRUCTION MANUAL digital pH/mV meter
INSTRUCTION MANUAL model 701A digital pH/mV meter /r^ ORION RESEARCH #12;contents Introduction 1 701A digital pH/mV meter is the ideal meter for all research and precision measurements with pH and chemical sensing electrodes. In both the absolute and relative mV modes, the meter covers a range of ± 1999
A Scalable Communication Architecture for Advanced Metering Infrastructure
, Communication Architecture, Inter-connecting Overlays. I. INTRODUCTION In AMI system, smart meters measure of data is collected from each smart meter every 15 minutes [Bernaudo et al 2010]. In addition, meter data, the connection from the MDMSs to smart meters following the client-server model as normally to be compatible
Monitoring Massive Appliances by a Minimal Number of Smart Meters
56 Monitoring Massive Appliances by a Minimal Number of Smart Meters YONGCAI WANG, XIAOHONG HAO. This article presents a framework for deploying a minimal number of smart meters to accurately track the ON of required smart meters is studied by an entropy-based approach, which qualifies the impact of meter
Wang, Yongcai
Climate policy implications for agricultural water demand
Energy, water and land are scarce resources, critical to humans. Developments in each affect the availability and cost of the others, and consequently human prosperity. Measures to limit greenhouse gas concentrations will inevitably exact dramatic changes on energy and land systems and in turn alter the character, magnitude and geographic distribution of human claims on water resources. We employ the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), an integrated assessment model to explore the interactions of energy, land and water systems in the context of alternative policies to limit climate change to three alternative levels: 2.5 Wm-2 (445 ppm CO2-e), 3.5 Wm-2 (535 ppm CO2-e) and 4.5 Wm-2 (645 ppm CO2-e). We explore the effects of two alternative land-use emissions mitigation policy options�one which taxes terrestrial carbon emissions equally with fossil fuel and industrial emissions, and an alternative which only taxes fossil fuel and industrial emissions but places no penalty on land-use change emissions. We find that increasing populations and economic growth could be anticipated to almost triple demand for water for agricultural systems across the century even in the absence of climate policy. In general policies to mitigate climate change increase agricultural demands for water still further, though the largest changes occur in the second half of the century, under both policy regimes. The two policies examined profoundly affected both the sources and magnitudes of the increase in irrigation water demands. The largest increases in agricultural irrigation water demand occurred in scenarios where only fossil fuel emissions were priced (but not land-use change emission) and were primarily driven by rapid expansion in bioenergy production. In these scenarios water demands were large relative to present-day total available water, calling into question whether it would be physically possible to produce the associated biomass energy. We explored the potential of improved water delivery and irrigation system efficiencies. These could potentially reduce demands substantially. However, overall demands remained high under our fossil-fuel-only tax policy. In contrast, when all carbon was priced, increases in agricultural water demands were smaller than under the fossil-fuel-only policy and were driven primarily by increased demands for water by non-biomass crops such as rice. Finally we estimate the geospatial pattern of water demands and find that regions such as China, India and other countries in south and east Asia might be expected to experience greatest increases in water demands.?
Chaturvedi, Vaibhav; Hejazi, Mohamad I.; Edmonds, James A.; Clarke, Leon E.; Kyle, G. Page; Davies, Evan; Wise, Marshall A.; Calvin, Katherine V.
Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) found that the dispersion numbers for the six combinations of CSSX:Next Generation Solvent (NGS) �blend� and pure NGS versus salt solution, caustic wash, and strip aqueous solutions are all good. The dispersion numbers are indications of processability with centrifugal contactors. A comparison of solvent physical and thermal properties shows that the Intek� solvent flow meter in the plant has a reading biased high versus calibrated flow when NGS is used, versus the standard CSSX solvent. The flow meter, calibrated for CSSX solvent, is predicted to read 2.8 gpm of NGS in a case where the true flow of NGS is 2.16 gpm.
Nash, C.; Fondeur, F.; Peters, T.
Liquid metal Flow Meter - Final Report
Measuring the flow of liquid metal presents serious challenges. Current commercially-available flow meters use ultrasonic, electromagnetic, and other technologies to measure flow, but are inadequate for liquid metal flow measurement because of the high temperatures required by most liquid metals. As a result of the reactivity and high temperatures of most liquid metals, corrosion and leakage become very serious safety concerns. The purpose of this project is to develop a flow meter for Lockheed Martin that measures the flow rate of molten metal in a conduit.
Andersen C, Hoogendoom S, Hudson B, Prince J, Teichert K, Wood J, Chase K
Draft-O-Meter | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeat Pump Models |Conduct, Parent(CRADA and DOWDepartmentDraft-O-Meter Draft-O-Meter
Demand and Price Volatility: Rational Habits in International Gasoline Demand
shift in the short-run price elasticity of gasoline demand.A meta-analysis of the price elasticity of gasoline demand.2007. Consumer demand un- der price uncertainty: Empirical
Scott, K. Rebecca
H. , and James M. Gri� n. 1983. Gasoline demand in the OECDof dynamic demand for gasoline. Journal of Econometrics 77(An empirical analysis of gasoline demand in Denmark using
analysis of the demand for oil in the Middle East. EnergyEstimates elasticity of demand for crude oil, not gasoline.World crude oil and natural gas: a demand and supply model.
Demand and Price Uncertainty: Rational Habits in International Gasoline Demand
Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study
The objective of this scoping study is: (1) to identify current market drivers and technology trends that can improve the demand responsiveness of commercial building lighting systems and (2) to quantify the energy, demand and environmental benefits of implementing lighting demand response and energy-saving controls strategies Statewide. Lighting systems in California commercial buildings consume 30 GWh. Lighting systems in commercial buildings often waste energy and unnecessarily stress the electrical grid because lighting controls, especially dimming, are not widely used. But dimmable lighting equipment, especially the dimming ballast, costs more than non-dimming lighting and is expensive to retrofit into existing buildings because of the cost of adding control wiring. Advances in lighting industry capabilities coupled with the pervasiveness of the Internet and wireless technologies have led to new opportunities to realize significant energy saving and reliable demand reduction using intelligent lighting controls. Manufacturers are starting to produce electronic equipment--lighting-application specific controllers (LAS controllers)--that are wirelessly accessible and can control dimmable or multilevel lighting systems obeying different industry-accepted protocols. Some companies make controllers that are inexpensive to install in existing buildings and allow the power consumed by bi-level lighting circuits to be selectively reduced during demand response curtailments. By intelligently limiting the demand from bi-level lighting in California commercial buildings, the utilities would now have an enormous 1 GW demand shed capability at hand. By adding occupancy and light sensors to the remotely controllable lighting circuits, automatic controls could harvest an additional 1 BkWh/yr savings above and beyond the savings that have already been achieved. The lighting industry's adoption of DALI as the principal wired digital control protocol for dimming ballasts and increased awareness of the need to standardize on emerging wireless technologies are evidence of this transformation. In addition to increased standardization of digital control protocols controller capabilities, the lighting industry has improved the performance of dimming lighting systems over the last two years. The system efficacy of today's current dimming ballasts is approaching that of non-dimming program start ballasts. The study finds that the benefits of applying digital controls technologies to California's unique commercial buildings market are enormous. If California were to embark on an concerted 20 year program to improve the demand responsiveness and energy efficiency of commercial building lighting systems, the State could avoid adding generation capacity, improve the elasticity of the grid, save Californians billion of dollars in avoided energy charges and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Rubinstein, Francis; Kiliccote, Sila
demand in the long run. Cogeneration of electricity and heatthe expan- sion of cogeneration, especially just now whencame from industrial cogeneration, 4% in l976 (a recession),
Schipper, L.
Sterner. 1991. Analysing gasoline demand elasticities: A2011. Measuring global gasoline and diesel price and incomeMutairi. 1995. Demand for gasoline in Kuwait: An empirical
Demand Response and Smart Metering Policy Actions Since the Energy Policy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of EnergyEnergyENERGYWomentheATLANTA, GA - U.S. DepartmenttoJuneEnergy This documentAct of 2005: A
Reliability implications of price responsive demand : a study of New England's power system
With restructuring of the traditional, vertically integrated electricity industry come new opportunities for electricity demand to actively participate in electricity markets. Traditional definitions of power system ...
Whitaker, Andrew C. (Andrew Craig)
No. ER06-615-000 CAISO Demand Response Resource User Guide -8 2.1. Demand Response Provides a Range of Benefits to8 2.2. Demand Response Benefits can be Quantified in Several
Demand Side Bidding. Final Report
This document sets forth the final report for a financial assistance award for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) to enhance coordination between the building operators and power system operators in terms of demand-side responses to Location Based Marginal Pricing (LBMP). Potential benefits of this project include improved power system reliability, enhanced environmental quality, mitigation of high locational prices within congested areas, and the reduction of market barriers for demand-side market participants. NARUC, led by its Committee on Energy Resources and the Environment (ERE), actively works to promote the development and use of energy efficiency and clean distributive energy policies within the framework of a dynamic regulatory environment. Electric industry restructuring, energy shortages in California, and energy market transformation intensifies the need for reliable information and strategies regarding electric reliability policy and practice. NARUC promotes clean distributive generation and increased energy efficiency in the context of the energy sector restructuring process. NARUC, through ERE's Subcommittee on Energy Efficiency, strives to improve energy efficiency by creating working markets. Market transformation seeks opportunities where small amounts of investment can create sustainable markets for more efficient products, services, and design practices.
Spahn, Andrew
Algorithms for revenue metering and their evaluation
conditions are well accepted among the metering community. But in recent years, due to the increase of non-linear loads, the presence of harmonics in the current and voltage waveforms in the power network has increased notably, and in the future years...
Martinez-Lagunes, Rodrigo
Monitoring Advanced Metering Infrastructures with Amilyzer
-way communications between smart meters and utility control centers. They are a key component of the smart grid mechanisms are part of communication standards such as the ANSI #12;C12.22. While those protective measures detecting intrusions in IT environments have been developed and evaluated. Through the Trustworthy Cyber
Sanders, William H.
NATL Grid Map 50-Meter Grid
NATL-east NATL Grid Map 50-Meter Grid Locations in NATL can be specified by reference to a grid intervals. Each gridline intersection ("grid point") is identified by its two gridlines (e.g., E5). Each 50x50-m block formed by the gridlines is identified by the grid point in its northwest corner (e
Slatton, Clint
Laser Power Meter Large, bright, backlit LCD
Laser Power Meter FEATURES · Large, bright, backlit LCD display · Digital accuracy with analog-like movement for laser tuning · Works with thermopile and optical sensors · Intuitive button-driven user COMPATIBILITY · PowerMax® thermal sensors · Optical sensors FieldMaxII-TO Coherent Laser Measurement and Control
Woodall, Jerry M.
Price dispersion in the airline industry: the effect of industry elasticity and cross-price elasticity
This dissertation analyzes the sources of price dispersion due to the price discrimination in the U.S. airline industry. Using the multi-stage budgeting approach with the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) specification, we estimate demand for air...
Kim, Jong Ho
On Demand Guarantees in Iran.
??On Demand Guarantees in Iran This thesis examines on demand guarantees in Iran concentrating on bid bonds and performance guarantees. The main guarantee types and� (more)
Ahvenainen, Laura
Uranium 2005 resources, production and demand
Published every other year, Uranium Resources, Production, and Demand, or the "Red Book" as it is commonly known, is jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is the recognised world reference on uranium and is based on official information received from 43 countries. This 21st edition presents the results of a thorough review of world uranium supplies and demand as of 1st January 2005 and provides a statistical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resource estimates, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantial new information from all major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and North America. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2025 are provided as well as a discussion of long-term uranium supply and demand issues. This edition focuses on recent price and production increases that could signal major c...
Energy Demand Staff Scientist
Energy Demand in China Lynn Price Staff Scientist February 2, 2010 #12;Founded in 1988 Focused on End-Use Energy Efficiency ~ 40 Current Projects in China Collaborations with ~50 Institutions in China Researcher #12;Talk OutlineTalk Outline · Overview · China's energy use and CO2 emission trends · Energy
Eisen, Michael
US electric utility demand-side management, 1994
The report presents comprehensive information on electric power industry demand-side management (DSM) activities in US at the national, regional, and utility levels. Objective is provide industry decision makers, government policy makers, analysts, and the general public with historical data that may be used in understanding DSM as it relates to the US electric power industry. The first chapter, ``Profile: US Electric Utility Demand-Side Management,`` presents a general discussion of DSM, its history, current issues, and a review of key statistics for the year. Subsequent chapters present discussions and more detailed data on energy savings, peak load reductions, and costs attributable to DSM.
Automated Demand Response Opportunities in Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Wastewater treatment is an energy intensive process which, together with water treatment, comprises about three percent of U.S. annual energy use. Yet, since wastewater treatment facilities are often peripheral to major electricity-using industries, they are frequently an overlooked area for automated demand response opportunities. Demand response is a set of actions taken to reduce electric loads when contingencies, such as emergencies or congestion, occur that threaten supply-demand balance, and/or market conditions occur that raise electric supply costs. Demand response programs are designed to improve the reliability of the electric grid and to lower the use of electricity during peak times to reduce the total system costs. Open automated demand response is a set of continuous, open communication signals and systems provided over the Internet to allow facilities to automate their demand response activities without the need for manual actions. Automated demand response strategies can be implemented as an enhanced use of upgraded equipment and facility control strategies installed as energy efficiency measures. Conversely, installation of controls to support automated demand response may result in improved energy efficiency through real-time access to operational data. This paper argues that the implementation of energy efficiency opportunities in wastewater treatment facilities creates a base for achieving successful demand reductions. This paper characterizes energy use and the state of demand response readiness in wastewater treatment facilities and outlines automated demand response opportunities.
Thompson, Lisa; Song, Katherine; Lekov, Alex; McKane, Aimee
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION ENERGY DEMAND FORECAST METHODS REPORT Companion Report to the California Energy Demand 2006-2016 Staff Energy Demand Forecast Report STAFFREPORT June 2005 CEC-400 .......................................................................................................................................1-1 ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTING AT THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION: AN OVERVIEW
Demand Forecast INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
Demand Forecast INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY A 20-year forecast of electricity demand is a required of any forecast of electricity demand and developing ways to reduce the risk of planning errors that could arise from this and other uncertainties in the planning process. Electricity demand is forecast
Fuel cell membrane hydration and fluid metering
A hydration system includes fuel cell fluid flow plate(s) and injection port(s). Each plate has flow channel(s) with respective inlet(s) for receiving respective portion(s) of a given stream of reactant fluid for a fuel cell. Each injection port injects a portion of liquid water directly into its respective flow channel. This serves to hydrate at least corresponding part(s) of a given membrane of the corresponding fuel cell(s). The hydration system may be augmented by a metering system including flow regulator(s). Each flow regulator meters an injecting at inlet(s) of each plate of respective portions of liquid into respective portion(s) of a given stream of fluid by corresponding injection port(s).
Jones, Daniel O. (Glenville, NY); Walsh, Michael M. (Fairfield, CT)
Resonant speed meter for gravitational wave detection
Gravitational-wave detectors have been well developed and operated with high sensitivity. However, they still suffer from mirror displacement noise. In this paper, we propose a resonant speed meter, as a displacement noise-canceled configuration based on a ring-shaped synchronous recycling interferometer. The remarkable feature of this interferometer is that, at certain frequencies, gravitational-wave signals are amplified, while displacement noises are not.
Atsushi Nishizawa; Seiji Kawamura; Masa-aki Sakagami
Two-Meter Temperature Surveys for Geothermal Exploration Project...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Two-Meter Temperature Surveys for Geothermal Exploration Project at NAS Fallon Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: Two-Meter...
The Need for Essential Consumer Protections: Smart metering proposals...
metering proposals and the move to time-based pricing. August 2010 The Need for Essential Consumer Protections: Smart metering proposals and the move to time-based pricing. August...
ARRA Program Celebrates Milestone 600,000 Smart Meter Installations...
ARRA Program Celebrates Milestone 600,000 Smart Meter Installations ARRA Program Celebrates Milestone 600,000 Smart Meter Installations April 17, 2012 - 3:09pm Addthis On April 11,...
Wireless Electricity Metering of Miscellaneous and Electronic Devices in Buildings
Wireless Electricity Metering of Miscellaneous and Electronic Devices in Buildings, University of California, Berkeley, USA Abstract- Miscellaneous and electronic devices hundreds of miscellaneous and electronic devices where metered for several months
Culler, David E.
Secretary Chu Announces Two Million Smart Grid Meters Installed...
Two Million Smart Grid Meters Installed Nationwide Secretary Chu Announces Two Million Smart Grid Meters Installed Nationwide August 31, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis Columbus, OH - At an...
Microsoft Word - CX -Lewis County PUD metering_.doc
of meter data at 5 minute intervals is required of BPA Slice customers to perform power scheduling. In order to provide this data, BPA needs to install meter equipment by January...
Energy Secretary Chu Announces Five Million Smart Meters Installed...
metering infrastructure (AMI), distribution automation technologies, new electricity pricing programs, and advanced monitoring equipment for the transmission system. The goal...
Author's personal copy Ramp metering and freeway bottleneck capacity
; Hall and Agyemang-Duah, 1991; Banks, 1991a,b). The two-capacity hypothesis argues that metering can
Shared Signals: Using Existing Facility Meters for Energy Savings Verification
energy conservation projects. (2) These guidelines provide monitoring and verification options that have different levels of accuracy and cost. They are specifically designed for energy savings performance contracts and are designed to provide... with a fair degree of accuracy. The costs of using existing meters are often not as clear. Obviously, if an existing meter is used, the costs of purchasing new metering equipment is avoided. However, using an existing meter is not free of costs...
McBride, J. R.; Bohmer, C. J.; Price, S. D.; Carlson, K.; Lopez, J.
RIS�?-M-2254 ON A RADIOCHROMIC DYE DOSE METER Arne Miller and William L. McLaughlin Abstract. Radiochromic dye dose meters made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with hexa(hydroxyethyl)pararosaniline cyanide (HPR results and outlines plans for further research on this dose meter. Currently the response is found
ONE GEV BEAM ACCELERATION IN A ONE METER LONG PLASMA CELL A Proposal to the Stanford Linear. A single SLC bunch is used to both induce wakefields in the one meter long plasma and to witness that are needed to apply high-gradient plasma wakefield acceleration to large scale accelerators. The one meter
Model 1918-C Hand-held Optical Meter
Model 1918-C Hand-held Optical Meter Start Up Guide #12;Start Up Guide 1 First printing 2006 © 2006, including safety precautions and start up procedures, needed to get your new optical meter up and running the use and operation of the optical meter is included in the complete User's Manual. The complete User
Math for Poets and Drummers The Mathematics of Meter
Math for Poets and Drummers The Mathematics of Meter Rachel Hall Saint Joseph's University 5600 a number of problems that are explored in class. In English and Spanish, the rhythm, or meter, of a piece- speare are written in the meter called iambic pentameter: five pairs of alternating unstressed
Hall, Rachel W.
Arnold Schwarzenegger TIME-OF-USE WATER METER EFFECTS
Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor TIME-OF-USE WATER METER EFFECTS ON CUSTOMER WATER USE; Master Meter Ed Amelung; Southern California Edison Company Matt Garcia, Curtis DeWoody, and James · Transportation TimeofUse Water Meter Impacts on Customer Water Use is the final report for the project 500 07022
Smart Meter Deployment Optimization for Efficient Electrical Appliance State Monitoring
Smart Meter Deployment Optimization for Efficient Electrical Appliance State Monitoring Xiaohong approaches generally require large-scale smart sensor/meter networks, and thus suffer from the high to optimize the smart meter deployments to track the on/off states of the massive electrical appliances
HOMOMORPHIC PRIMITIVES FOR A PRIVACY-FRIENDLY SMART METERING ARCHITECTURE Benjamin Vetter1 , email@example.com, {email@example.com Keywords: PET for smart metering, homomorphic MACs, homomorphic encryption Abstract: We propose a privacy-friendly smart metering architecture which is yet flexible enough
Hellebrand, Sybille
Optimal Privacy-Preserving Energy Management for Smart Meters
Optimal Privacy-Preserving Energy Management for Smart Meters Lei Yang, Xu Chen, Junshan Zhang Abstract--Smart meters, designed for information collection and system monitoring in smart grid, report a tradeoff between the smart meter data privacy and the electricity bill. In general, a major challenge
Reisslein, Martin
Security and Smart Metering Sophia Kaplantzis and Y. Ahmet Sekercioglu
Security and Smart Metering Sophia Kaplantzis and Y. Ahmet S¸ekercioglu Department of Electrical the transmission network, to the suppliers back office. It encompasses concepts such as smart metering, smart does this threat translate to smart metering applications? In this article, we focus on the security
Sekercioglu, Y. Ahmet
Privacy Preserving Smart Metering System Based Retail Level Electricity Market
1 Privacy Preserving Smart Metering System Based Retail Level Electricity Market Cory Thoma, Tao Cui, Student Member, IEEE, Franz Franchetti, Member, IEEE Abstract--Smart metering systems multi-party compu- tation (SMC) based privacy preserving smart metering system. Using the proposed SMC
Franchetti, Franz
Secure Multiparty Computation Based Privacy Preserving Smart Metering System
Secure Multiparty Computation Based Privacy Preserving Smart Metering System Cory Thoma Information Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Email: {tcui,email@example.com Abstract--Smart metering systems provide privacy preserving protocol for smart meter based load management. Using SMC and a proper designed
Smart Meter Aware Domestic Energy Trading Agents Nicola Capodieci
Smart Meter Aware Domestic Energy Trading Agents Nicola Capodieci University of Modena and RE illustrate an implementation includ- ing the interfacing with a physical Smart Meter and provide initial--Intelligent agents, Multiagent systems General Terms Design, Economy Keywords Energy trade, agents, smart meter 1
Aiello, Marco
Embedded Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection in Smart Meters
Embedded Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection in Smart Meters Massimiliano Raciti, Simin Nadjm vulnerabilities that arise from deployment of local cyber-physical attacks at a smart metering location at destabilisation. In this paper we study a smart metering device that uses a trusted platform for storage
Security Architecture of Smart Metering Systems Natasa Zivic1
Security Architecture of Smart Metering Systems Natasa Zivic1 and Christoph Ruland1 1 University.Zivic, email@example.com Abstract. The main goals of smart metering are the reduction of costs dynamically the power generation and distribution to the requested energy by smart grids. Metering devices
Boyer, Edmond
Pricing Data Center Demand Response Zhenhua Liu, Iris Liu, Steven Low, Adam Wierman
Pricing Data Center Demand Response Zhenhua Liu, Iris Liu, Steven Low, Adam Wierman California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA {zliu2,iliu,slow,firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Demand response- ularly promising industry for demand response: data centers. We use simulations to show that, not only
Wierman, Adam
Industrial Retrofits are Possible
Ontario is the industrial heartland of Canada and more than 80% of its energy comes from Canadian sources with the remainder from the neighbouring U.S. states. Because of the ever increasing demand for energy relating to increased economic activity...
Stobart, E. W.
OTRA-THS MAC to reduce Power Outage Data Collection Latency in a smart meter network
The deployment of advanced metering infrastructure by the electric utilities poses unique communication challenges, particularly as the number of meters per aggregator increases. During a power outage, a smart meter tries to report it instantaneously to the electric utility. In a densely populated residential/industrial locality, it is possible that a large number of smart meters simultaneously try to get access to the communication network to report the power outage. If the number of smart meters is very high of the order of tens of thousands (metropolitan areas), the power outage data flooding can lead to Random Access CHannel (RACH) congestion. Several utilities are considering the use of cellular network for smart meter communications. In 3G/4G cellular networks, RACH congestion not only leads to collisions, retransmissions and increased RACH delays, but also has the potential to disrupt the dedicated traffic flow by increasing the interference levels (3G CDMA). In order to overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Time Hierarchical Scheme (THS) that reduces the intensity of power outage data flooding and power outage reporting delay by 6/7th, and 17/18th when compared to their respective values without THS. Also, we propose an Optimum Transmission Rate Adaptive (OTRA) MAC to optimize the latency in power outage data collection. The analysis and simulation results presented in this paper show that both the OTRA and THS features of the proposed MAC results in a Power Outage Data Collection Latency (PODCL) that is 1/10th of the 4G LTE PODCL.
Garlapati, Shravan K [ORNL] [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL] [ORNL; Buehrer, Richard M [ORNL] [ORNL; Reed, Jeffrey H [ORNL] [ORNL
BEST PRACTICES AND RESULTS OF DR IMPLEMENTATION . 31 Encouraging End-User Participation: The Role of Incentives 16 Demand Response
E-Print Network 3.0 - advanced metering techniques Sample Search...
in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure Stephen McLaughlin, Dmitry Podkuiko... of the smart grid is an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI replaces the analog meters......
Weak measurements with a qubit meter
We derive schemes to measure the so-called weak values of quantum system observables by coupling of the system to a qubit meter system. We highlight, in particular, the meaning of the imaginary part of the weak values, and show how it can be measured directly on equal footing with the real part of the weak value. We present compact expressions for the weak value of single qubit observables and of product observables on qubit pairs. Experimental studies of the results are suggested with cold trapped ions.
Shengjun Wu; Klaus M�lmer
Smart Meters | OpenEI Community
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating Solar PowerstoriesNrelPartnerTypePonsa, Mallorca:upGuidebook Jump to:SmarrMeters Home
Federal Metering Requirements | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-UpHeat PumpRecord ofESPCofConstructionofFYOxideof1 DOEFederalIncentives forMetering
Power Metering Project | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in3.pdfEnergyDepartment ofOil'sof Energy Jun Luof EmergencyMetering Project Power
Metering Technology Corporation | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to:46 -Energieprojekte GmbH Jump to: navigation,Metalysis Jump to:Dec 2005TananaMetering
occupied Bay Area house under study. Passive Proximity ACPASSIVE PROXIMITY AC CURRENT SENSOR 27 WIRELESSLY CONTROLLED MONITORING-OUTLETS28 WIRELESS MONITORING OF A TEST HOUSE House Meter�. ) Some final observations for sensors a) Size matters: Though the passive
Demand Dispatch-Intelligent
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed Newcatalyst phasesData Files Data FilesFeFe-HydrogenaseDemand
Customer focused collaborative demand planning
Many firms worldwide have adopted the process of Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) process where internal departments within a firm collaborate with each other to generate a demand forecast. In a collaborative demand ...
Jha, Ratan (Ratan Mohan)
Supply Chain Management in the Computer Industry Katta G. Murty
management in manufacturing industries is to forecast the demand for each item and to determine when to place culties. Key words: Supplycontracts, demand distributionand its updating, forecast- ing demand, shortage systems depend heavily on good demand forecasts. The main aim of forecasting methods is to predict future
Murty, Katta G.
Demand Response: Load Management Programs
CenterPoint Load Management Programs CATEE Conference October, 2012 Agenda Outline I. General Demand Response Definition II. General Demand Response Program Rules III. CenterPoint Commercial Program IV. CenterPoint Residential Programs... V. Residential Discussion Points Demand Response Definition of load management per energy efficiency rule 25.181: ? Load control activities that result in a reduction in peak demand, or a shifting of energy usage from a peak to an off...
Simon, J.
U.S. electric utility demand-side management 1995
The US Electric Utility Demand-Side Management report is prepared by the Coal and Electric Data and Renewables Division; Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternative Fuels; Energy Information Administration (EIA); US Department of Energy. The report presents comprehensive information on electric power industry demand-side management (DSM) activities in the US at the national, regional, and utility levels. The objective of the publication is to provide industry decision makers, government policy makers, analysts, and the general public with historical data that may be used in understanding DSM as it relates to the US electric power industry. The first chapter, ``Profile: US Electric Utility Demand-Side Management``, presents a general discussion of DSM, its history, current issues, and a review of key statistics for the year. Subsequent chapters present discussions and more detailed data on energy savings, peak load reductions and costs attributable to DSM. 9 figs., 24 tabs.
U.S. electric utility demand-side management 1996
The US Electric Utility Demand-Side Management report presents comprehensive information on electric power industry demand-side management (DSM) activities in the US at the national, regional, and utility levels. The objective of the publication is to provide industry decision makers, government policy makers, analysts, and the general public with historical data that may be used in understanding DSM as it related to the US electric power industry. The first chapter, ``Profile: U.S. Electric Utility Demand-Side Management,`` presents a general discussion of DSM, its history, current issues, and a review of key statistics for the year. Subsequent chapters present discussions and more detailed data on energy savings, peak load reductions and costs attributable to DSM. 9 figs., 24 tabs.
TRAVEL DEMAND AND RELIABLE FORECASTS FOR TRANSIT MARK FILIPI, AICP PTP 23rd Annual Transportation transportation projects § Develop and maintain Regional Travel Demand Model § Develop forecast socio in cooperative review during all phases of travel demand forecasting 4 #12;Cooperative Review Should Include
Minnesota, University of
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST COMPARISON REPORT STAFFREPORT June 2005 Gorin Principal Authors Lynn Marshall Project Manager Kae C. Lewis Acting Manager Demand Analysis Office Valerie T. Hall Deputy Director Energy Efficiency and Demand Analysis Division Scott W. Matthews Acting
Demand Forecasting of New Products
Demand Forecasting of New Products Using Attribute Analysis Marina Kang A thesis submitted Abstract This thesis is a study into the demand forecasting of new products (also referred to as Stock upon currently employed new-SKU demand forecasting methods which involve the processing of large
Sun, Yu
Assessment of Demand Response Resource
Assessment of Demand Response Resource Potentials for PGE and Pacific Power Prepared for: Portland January 15, 2004 K:\\Projects\\2003-53 (PGE,PC) Assess Demand Response\\Report\\Revised Report_011504.doc #12;#12;quantec Assessment of Demand Response Resource Potentials for I-1 PGE and Pacific Power I. Introduction
Industrial Revolutions and Consumption: A Common Model to the Various Periods of Industrialization
Industrial Revolutions and Consumption: A Common Model to the Various Periods of Industrialization and establish a plausible link between consumption structure evolutions and industrial revolutions. In particular, we show that an industrial revolution starts with a "smithian growth process", which is demand
Combined cycle meets Thailand's growing power demands
This article describes how an ample supply of natural gas led the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) to choose gas-fired combustion turbines. Thailand's rapid industrialization, which began in the late 1980's, placed a great strain on the country's electricity supply system. The demand for electricity grew at an astonishing 14% annually. To deal with diminishing reserve capacity margins, the EGAT announced, in 1988, a power development program emphasizing gas-fired combined cycle power plants. Plans included six 320-MW combined cycle blocks at three sites, and an additional 600-MW gas- and oil-fired thermal plant at Bang Pakong. As electricity demand continued to increase, EGAT expanded its plans to include two additional 320-MW combined cycle blocks, a 600-MW combined cycle block, and a 650-MW gas- and oil-fired thermal plant. All are currently in various stages of design and construction.
Sheets, B.A. (Black and Veatch, Kansas City, MO (United States)); Takabut, K. (Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi (Thailand))
sjstems (ITS) Electricity Sector Promoting nuclear useindustrial and electricity generation sectors (Table 4-2).In the industrial sector, electricity demand will increase,
Industrial Permit
Protection Obeying Environmental Laws Industrial Permit Industrial Permit The Industrial Permit authorizes the Laboratory to discharge point-source effluents under the...
2,363 METERS BOUYANT 7/8" POLYOLEFIN MOORING LINE 10 METER LENGTH NYLON STIFFENER APPLIED TO TOP OF 1" NYLON EYE INTO EYE SPLICE 20 METERS 1 1/8" NYLON 697.4 METERS 7/16" WIRE ROPE 35 METERS 40 METERS 700 METERS 3/4" SAS, Wrench tighten. ** 3/4" SAS WITH BUSHING, Wrench tighten. ** .5 METER 1/2" CHAIN
Method and apparatus for reading meters from a video image
A method and system to enable acquisition of data about an environment from one or more meters using video images. One or more meters are imaged by a video camera and the video signal is digitized. Then, each region of the digital image which corresponds to the indicator of the meter is calibrated and the video signal is analyzed to determine the value indicated by each meter indicator. Finally, from the value indicated by each meter indicator in the calibrated region, a meter reading is generated. The method and system offer the advantages of automatic data collection in a relatively non-intrusive manner without making any complicated or expensive electronic connections, and without requiring intensive manpower.
Lewis, Trevor J. (Irwin, PA); Ferguson, Jeffrey J. (North Huntingdon, PA)
2,349 METERS BOUYANT 7/8" POLYOLEFIN MOORING LINE 10 METER LENGTH NYLON STIFFENER APPLIED TO 1" NYLON EYE INTO EYE SPLICE 697.4 METERS 7/16" WIRE ROPE 40 METERS 700 METERS 3/4" SAS, Wrench tighten. ** 3/4" SAS WITH BUSHING, Wrench tighten. ** .5 METER 1/2" CHAIN 5 TON SWIVEL INDUCTIVE CABLE BREAKOUT
Final report on the design and development of a Rolling Float Meter for drilling-fluid outflow measurement
Lost circulation, which is the loss of well drilling fluids to the formation while drilling, is a common problem encountered while drilling geothermal wells. The rapid detection of the loss of well drilling fluids is critical to the successful and cost-effective treatment of the wellbore to stop or minimize lost circulation. Sandia National Laboratories has developed an instrument to accurately measure the outflow rate of drilling fluids while drilling. This instrument, the Rolling Float Meter, has been under development at Sandia since 1991 and is now available for utilization by interested industry users. This report documents recent Rolling Float Meter design upgrades resulting from field testing and industry input, the effects of ongoing testing and evaluation both in the laboratory and in the field, and the final design package that is available to transfer this technology to industry users.
Staller, G.E.; Westmoreland, J.J.; Whitlow, G.L.; Wright, E.K.; Glowka, D.A.
Basic DC Meter Design ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Laboratory
Basic DC Meter Design ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Laboratory updated 8 January 2008 Pre-Laboratory Assignment 1. Design an ammeter with full scale current IFS equal to 5 mA using a meter movement rated at 0.5 mA and 100 mV. 2. Design a voltmeter with a full scale voltage VFS equal to 10 V using the meter
Miller, Damon A.
Hawaiian Electric Company Demand Response Roadmap Project
Like HECO actual utility demand response implementations canindustry-wide utility demand response applications tend toobjective. Figure 4. Demand Response Objectives 17 �
Levy, Roger
Retail Demand Response in Southwest Power Pool
23 ii Retail Demand Response in SPP List of Figures and10 Figure 3. Demand Response Resources by11 Figure 4. Existing Demand Response Resources by Type of
Bharvirkar, Ranjit
Coupling Renewable Energy Supply with Deferrable Demand
for each day type for the demand response study - moderate8.4 Demand Response Integration . . . . . . . . . . .for each day type for the demand response study - moderate
Papavasiliou, Anthony
Installation and Commissioning Automated Demand Response Systems
their partnership in demand response automation research andand Techniques for Demand Response. LBNL Report 59975. Mayof Fully Automated Demand Response in Large Facilities.
Kiliccote, Sila; Global Energy Partners; Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Strategies for Demand Response in Commercial Buildings
Fully Automated Demand Response Tests in Large Facilities�of Fully Automated Demand Response in Large Facilities�,was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and
Watson, David S.; Kiliccote, Sila; Motegi, Naoya; Piette, Mary Ann
2 2.0 Demand ResponseFully Automated Demand Response Tests in Large Facilities,was coordinated by the Demand Response Research Center and
of Energy demand-side management energy information systemdemand response. Demand-side management (DSM) program goalsa goal for demand-side management (DSM) coordination and
3 2.1 Demand-Side Managementbuildings. The demand side management framework is discussedIssues 2.1 Demand-Side Management Framework Forecasting
and best practices to guide HECO demand response developmentbest practices for DR renewable integration � Technically demand responseof best practices. This is partially because demand response
of control. Water heater demand response options are notcurrent water heater and air conditioning demand responsecustomer response Demand response water heater participation
District Small Business Summer Solutions: Energy and DemandSummer Solutions: Energy and Demand Impacts Monthly Energy> B-2 Coordination of Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
World: Renewable Energy and Demand Response Proliferation intogether the renewable energy and demand response communityimpacts of renewable energy and demand response integration
Strategies for Demand Response in Commercial Buildings DavidStrategies for Demand Response in Commercial Buildings Davidadjusted for demand response in commercial buildings. The
Demand Response Systems National Conference on BuildingDemand Response Systems National Conference on BuildingDemand Response Systems National Conference on Building
In terms of demand response capability, building operatorsautomated demand response and improve building energy andand demand response features directly into building design
raising transportation oil demand. Growing internationalcoal by wire could reduce oil demand by stemming coal roadEastern oil production. The rapid growth of coal demand
Aden, Nathaniel
DEMAND RESPONSE .7 Wholesale Marketuse at times of high wholesale market prices or when systemenergy expenditure. In wholesale markets, spot energy prices
Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage and Photovoltaic Power Systems for Demand Charge Mitigation (Poster)
Commercial facility utility bills are often a strong function of demand charges -- a fee proportional to peak power demand rather than total energy consumed. In some instances, demand charges can constitute more than 50% of a commercial customer's monthly electricity cost. While installation of behind-the-meter solar power generation decreases energy costs, its variability makes it likely to leave the peak load -- and thereby demand charges -- unaffected. This then makes demand charges an even larger fraction of remaining electricity costs. Adding controllable behind-the-meter energy storage can more predictably affect building peak demand, thus reducing electricity costs. Due to the high cost of energy storage technology, the size and operation of an energy storage system providing demand charge management (DCM) service must be optimized to yield a positive return on investment (ROI). The peak demand reduction achievable with an energy storage system depends heavily on a facility's load profile, so the optimal configuration will be specific to both the customer and the amount of installed solar power capacity. We explore the sensitivity of DCM value to the power and energy levels of installed solar power and energy storage systems. An optimal peak load reduction control algorithm for energy storage systems will be introduced and applied to historic solar power data and meter load data from multiple facilities for a broad range of energy storage system configurations. For each scenario, the peak load reduction and electricity cost savings will be computed. From this, we will identify a favorable energy storage system configuration that maximizes ROI.
Maritime Electric- Net Metering (Prince Edward Island, Canada)
In December 2005 The Renewable Energy Act and associated Regulations came into effect. A Government policy objective incorporated in the Act was the introduction of net metering for...
Wavelength meter having single mode fiber optics multiplexed inputs
A wavelength meter having a single mode fiber optics input is disclosed. The single mode fiber enables a plurality of laser beams to be multiplexed to form a multiplexed input to the wavelength meter. The wavelength meter can provide a determination of the wavelength of any one or all of the plurality of laser beams by suitable processing. Another aspect of the present invention is that one of the laser beams could be a known reference laser having a predetermined wavelength. Hence, the improved wavelength meter can provide an on-line calibration capability with the reference laser input as one of the plurality of laser beams.
Hackel, R.P.; Paris, R.D.; Feldman, M.
Cost benefit analysis for the implementation of smart metering...
Categories: Smart Grid Projects Smart Grid Projects in Europe Smart Grid Projects - Smart Meter and AMI Smart Grid Projects - Home application Smart Grid Projects - Customer...
Optimization Online - A Security Framework for Smart Metering with ...
Dec 5, 2011 ... Abstract: The increasing diffusion of Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) has raised many concerns about the protection of personal data related to�...
Cristina Rottondi
Scotia Energy Electricity- Net Metering Program (Nova Scotia, Canada)
Nova Scotia Power Inc. Net Metering allows residential and commercial customers to connect small, renewable energy generating units to the provincial power grid.
Pantex installs new meters to help to reduce energy consumption...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
installs new meters to help to reduce energy consumption | National Nuclear Security Administration Facebook Twitter Youtube Flickr RSS People Mission Managing the Stockpile...
Hackel, Richard P. (Livermore, CA); Paris, Robert D. (San Ramon, CA); Feldman, Mark (Pleasanton, CA)
Metering Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource...
Policy Act of 2005. mbpg.pdf More Documents & Publications Operations & Maintenance Best Practices Guide: Chapter 8 Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal Buildings...
Demand Response (DR) can be defined as actions taken to reduce electric loads when contingencies, such as emergencies and congestion, occur that threaten supply-demand balance, or market conditions raise supply costs. California utilities have offered price and reliability DR based programs to customers to help reduce electric peak demand. The lack of knowledge about the DR programs and how to develop and implement DR control strategies is a barrier to participation in DR programs, as is the lack of automation of DR systems. Most DR activities are manual and require people to first receive notifications, and then act on the information to execute DR strategies. Levels of automation in DR can be defined as follows. Manual Demand Response involves a labor-intensive approach such as manually turning off or changing comfort set points at each equipment switch or controller. Semi-Automated Demand Response involves a pre-programmed demand response strategy initiated by a person via centralized control system. Fully-Automated Demand Response does not involve human intervention, but is initiated at a home, building, or facility through receipt of an external communications signal. The receipt of the external signal initiates pre-programmed demand response strategies. We refer to this as Auto-DR (Piette et. al. 2005). Auto-DR for commercial and industrial facilities can be defined as fully automated DR initiated by a signal from a utility or other appropriate entity and that provides fully-automated connectivity to customer end-use control strategies. One important concept in Auto-DR is that a homeowner or facility manager should be able to 'opt out' or 'override' a DR event if the event comes at time when the reduction in end-use services is not desirable. Therefore, Auto-DR is not handing over total control of the equipment or the facility to the utility but simply allowing the utility to pass on grid related information which then triggers facility defined and programmed strategies if convenient to the facility. From 2003 through 2006 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the Demand Response Research Center (DRRC) developed and tested a series of demand response automation communications technologies known as Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR). In 2007, LBNL worked with three investor-owned utilities to commercialize and implement Auto-DR programs in their territories. This paper summarizes the history of technology development for Auto-DR, and describes the DR technologies and control strategies utilized at many of the facilities. It outlines early experience in commercializing Auto-DR systems within PG&E DR programs, including the steps to configure the automation technology. The paper also describes the DR sheds derived using three different baseline methodologies. Emphasis is given to the lessons learned from installation and commissioning of Auto-DR systems, with a detailed description of the technical coordination roles and responsibilities, and costs.
Global Energy Partners; Pacific Gas and Electric Company; Kiliccote, Sila; Kiliccote, Sila; Piette, Mary Ann; Wikler, Greg; Prijyanonda, Joe; Chiu, Albert
Uncertainties in the Value of Bill Savings from Behind-the-Meter, Residential Photovoltaic Systems: The Roles of Electricity Market Conditions, Retail Rate Design, and Net Metering
Study: The Economic Cost of Net-Metering in Maryland: WhoEnergy (DSIRE), 2010. Map of Net Metering Policies [WWWdocuments/summarymaps/Net_Metering_map.ppt De Jonghe, C. ,
Darghouth, Naim Richard
Demand Response and Energy Efficiency
Demand Response & Energy Efficiency International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations ESL-IC-09-11-05 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Austin, Texas, November 17 - 19, 2009 2 ?Less than 5... for Enhanced Building Operations, Austin, Texas, November 17 - 19, 2009 5 What is Demand Response? ?The temporary reduction of electricity demanded from the grid by an end-user in response to capacity shortages, system reliability events, or high wholesale...
Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority- Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program
The Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority (OMPA) offers the Demand and Energy Efficiency Program (DEEP) to eligible commercial, industrial, and municipal government customers served by OMPA. This...
Shallow (2-meter) temperature surveys in Colorado
Citation Information: Originator: Geothermal Development Associates, Reno, Nevada Publication Date: 2012 Title: Colorado 2m Survey Edition: First Publication Information: Publication Place: Reno Nevada Publisher: Geothermal Development Associates, Reno, Nevada Description: Shallow temperature surveys are useful in early-stage geothermal exploration to delineate surface outflow zones, with the intent to identify the source of upwelling, usually a fault. Detailed descriptions of the 2-meter survey method and equipment design can be found in Coolbaugh et al. (2007) and Sladek et al. (2007), and are summarized here. The survey method was devised to measure temperature as far below the zone of solar influence as possible, have minimal equilibration time, and yet be portable enough to fit on the back of an all-terrain vehicle (ATV); Figure 2). This method utilizes a direct push technology (DPT) technique where 2.3 m long, 0.54� outer diameter hollow steel rods are pounded into the ground using a demolition hammer. Resistance temperature devices (RTD) are then inserted into the rods at 2-meter depths, and allowed to equilibrate for one hour. The temperatures are then measured and recorded, the rods pulled out of the ground, and re-used at future sites. Usually multiple rods are planted over the course of an hour, and then the sampler returns back to the first station, measures the temperatures, pulls the rods, and so on, to eliminate waiting time. At Wagon Wheel Gap, 32 rods were planted around the hot springs between June 20 and July 1, 2012. The purpose was to determine the direction of a possible upflow fault or other structure. Temperatures at 1.5m and 2m depths were measured and recorded in the attribute table of this point shapefile. Several anomalous temperatures suggest that outflow is coming from a ~N60W striking fault or shear zone that contains the quartz-fluorite-barite veins of the adjacent patented mining claims. It should be noted that temperatures at 2m depth vary according to the amount of solar heating from above, as well as possible geothermal heating from below. Spatial Domain: Extent: Top: 4490310.560635 m Left: 150307.008238 m Right: 433163.213617 m Bottom: 4009565.915398 m Contact Information: Contact Organization: Geothermal Development Associates, Reno, Nevada Contact Person: Richard �Rick� Zehner Address: 3740 Barron Way City: Reno State: NV Postal Code: 89511 Country: USA Contact Telephone: 775-737-7806 Spatial Reference Information: Coordinate System: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) WGS�1984 Zone 13N False Easting: 500000.00000000 False Northing: 0.00000000 Central Meridian: -105.00000000 Scale Factor: 0.99960000 Latitude of Origin: 0.00000000 Linear Unit: Meter Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS �1984) Prime Meridian: Greenwich Angular Unit: Degree Digital Form: Format Name: Shape file
Zehner, Richard E.
Driving Demand | Department of Energy
strategies, results achieved to date, and advice for other programs. Driving Demand for Home Energy Improvements. This guide, developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National...
Demand Response Technology Roadmap A
workshop agendas, presentation materials, and transcripts. For the background to the Demand Response Technology Roadmap and to make use of individual roadmaps, the reader is...
Demand Response Technology Roadmap M
between May 2014 and February 2015. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Demand Response Executive Sponsor Team decided upon the scope of the project in May. Two subsequent...
New demands on manufacturing of composite materials
Traditionally the field of advanced composites has been dominated by the needs of the aerospace industry. This has strongly influenced the materials and processes developed. However, during the last few years, a shift of emphasis into other engineering areas has been obvious. Branches such as the mechanical industry, ground transportation, the building industry and the leisure industry are today defining many of the new areas of application for these materials. In these applications fiber-reinforced composites are not just used in large structures but also in crucial small complex-shaped elements of larger machinery in order to improve overall performance. To satisfy these new demands, it is essential to develop innovative material systems and processing techniques which enable the production of composite parts with complex geometries at reasonable cost and with high precision. Most likely the solution to this task lies in the closely integrated development of the material system and the manufacturing method. Several different approaches are today taken in order to reach this goal for composite materials. Furthermore, it is nowadays important that the introduction of any new material or application, especially for high volume production, be accompanied by a thorough life-cycle and environmental plan.
Manson, J.A.E. [Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland). Lab. de Technologie des Composites et Polymeres
CALIFORNIA ENERGY DEMAND 20122022 FINAL FORECAST Volume 2: Electricity Demand.Oglesby Executive Director #12;i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The demand forecast is the combined product estimates. Margaret Sheridan provided the residential forecast. Mitch Tian prepared the peak demand
CALIFORNIA ENERGY DEMAND 20142024 REVISED FORECAST Volume 2: Electricity Demand Robert P. Oglesby Executive Director #12;i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The demand forecast is the combined provided estimates for demand response program impacts and contributed to the residential forecast. Mitch
Palaiseau, France April 2013 Abstract For carbon-intensive, internationally-traded industrial goods, a uni be partly oset by the increase of emissions in the rest of the world. The literature on carbon leakage hasCAPACITY DECISIONS WITH DEMAND FLUCTUATIONS AND CARBON LEAKAGE Guy MEUNIER Jean-Pierre PONSSARD
For carbon-intensive, internationally-traded industrial goods, a unilat- eral increase in the domestic CO2 be partly oset by the increase of emissions in the rest of the world. The literature on carbon leakage hasCAPACITY DECISIONS WITH DEMAND FLUCTUATIONS AND CARBON LEAKAGE Guy MEUNIER Jean-Pierre PONSSARD
Data Collection for Demand-side Management for QualifyingPrepared by Demand-side Management Task Force of the
Recent developments in orifice meter and flow conditioner research
In 1969 concerns were raised regarding the validity of the orifice meter`s coefficient of discharge uncertainty. An effort to resolve these concerns resulted in an internationally supported research project which produced a new sharp-edged concentric orifice meter empirical database and coefficient of discharge equation. However, the new empirical database and coefficient of discharge equation did not account for all of the differences being encountered in orifice metering. And in 1986, as a derivative of the coefficient of discharge equation research, questions were raised regarding the influences of installation effects on the orifice meter`s coefficient of discharge. The 1986 EC research data indicated that the flow conditioner and straight pipe installation requirements of the flow measurement standards were inadequate to prevent biasing of the orifice meter`s coefficient of discharge by flow disturbances generated from upstream piping elements. Data generated from 1990 through 1993 by GRI sponsored SWRI and NIST research confirmed the original EC biasing and further identified differential pressure tap radial position sensitivity and velocity profile and swirl angle theory deficiencies. Current research is continuing to define installation effects influences and identify possible solutions.
LaNasa, P.J. [CPL and Associates, Houston, TX (United States)
Securing Energy Metering Software with Automatic Source Code Correction
of energy production have been fostering the monitoring and analy- sis of electricity consumption be used for instance to store and access real-time and/or historical consumption data, plot this data and electronic electricity meters. Smart meters have processing and communication abilities, which enable novel
Neves, Nuno
Online Modeling in the Process Industry for Energy Optimization
"This paper discusses how steady state models are being used in the process industry to perform online energy optimization of steam and electrical systems. It presents process demands commonly found in the processing industry in terms of steam...
Alexander, J.
China, India demand cushions prices
Despite the hopes of coal consumers, coal prices did not plummet in 2006 as demand stayed firm. China and India's growing economies, coupled with solid supply-demand fundamentals in North America and Europe, and highly volatile prices for alternatives are likely to keep physical coal prices from wide swings in the coming year.
Boyle, M.
Harnessing the power of demand
Demand response can provide a series of economic services to the market and also provide ''insurance value'' under low-likelihood, but high-impact circumstances in which grid reliablity is enhanced. Here is how ISOs and RTOs are fostering demand response within wholesale electricity markets. (author)
Sheffrin, Anjali; Yoshimura, Henry; LaPlante, David; Neenan, Bernard
Demand Response for Ancillary Services
Many demand response resources are technically capable of providing ancillary services. In some cases, they can provide superior response to generators, as the curtailment of load is typically much faster than ramping thermal and hydropower plants. Analysis and quantification of demand response resources providing ancillary services is necessary to understand the resources economic value and impact on the power system. Methodologies used to study grid integration of variable generation can be adapted to the study of demand response. In the present work, we describe and illustrate a methodology to construct detailed temporal and spatial representations of the demand response resource and to examine how to incorporate those resources into power system models. In addition, the paper outlines ways to evaluate barriers to implementation. We demonstrate how the combination of these three analyses can be used to translate the technical potential for demand response providing ancillary services into a realizable potential.
Alkadi, Nasr E [ORNL; Starke, Michael R [ORNL
This paper describes the results from the second season of research to develop and evaluate the performance of new Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR) hardware and software technology in large facilities. Demand Response (DR) is a set of activities to reduce or shift electricity use to improve the electric grid reliability and manage electricity costs. Fully-Automated Demand Response does not involve human intervention, but is initiated at a home, building, or facility through receipt of an external communications signal. We refer to this as Auto-DR. The evaluation of the control and communications must be properly configured and pass through a set of test stages: Readiness, Approval, Price Client/Price Server Communication, Internet Gateway/Internet Relay Communication, Control of Equipment, and DR Shed Effectiveness. New commissioning tests are needed for such systems to improve connecting demand responsive building systems to the electric grid demand response systems.
Improve Lubrication Practices 0.91 4 na 3 na 0 24 16 487 Use Waste Heat from Hot Flue Gases to Preheat Combustion Air 0.29 483 na 2 0.31 449 25 11 464 Use Synthetic Lubricant 0.03 198 0.03 198 na 0 5 Table 3. National IAC... 2 25 11 Use Synthetic Lubricant 0.00 159 0.00 24 6 Table 4. Texas A&M University IAC Energy Conservation - Implementation Cost Correlations Rank No. TAMU Assessment Recommendation (AR) Total Energy Electrical Consumption Natural...
Client/Server service oriented architecture (SOA) and issecure Web Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for platform-
plants without onsite generation could, under pre- determined conditions, free up electricityplants without any onsite generation capability could, under pre-determined conditions, automatically free up electricity
Hoods Pump System Motors Reverse Osmosis Storage Fan SystemMixers Fume Hoods Reverse Osmosis Transport System Packing
Industrial Rates and Demand-Side Management Programs
), Southwestern Public Service, Southwestern Electric Power, City of Austin, West Texas Utilities, EI Paso Electric, and Texas-New Mexico Power. Wholesale sales by major utilities included in "Others" category. Texas service areas only. Percentages based...,928,250 31.8% Texas Total 49,521 13,804 25.8% 93,847,494 36.9% wI Self-Gen 49,521 17,619 30.7% 119,841042 42.8% Note: Utilities are: TV Electric, Houston Lighting & Power, GulfStates Utilities, Central Power and Light, City Public Service (San Antonio...
Kasprowicz, L. M.; House, R.
of these sectors: Cold storage Data centers and test labspromising DR measures. Cold storage associated with fruitfacilities, adjustment of cold storage was the principal
Insulation Levels for Cold Storage Buildings. J. Arch.Livermore facility, a cold storage food distribution center
Sacramento, CA. P400-020016F EPRI (Electric Power ResearchWater (IAW) Energy Users by EPRI for the California Energyin more depth in Section 2.6. EPRI (Electric Power Research
Assumption to the Annual Energy Outlook 2014 - Industrial Demand Module
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) " ,"Click worksheet9,1,50022,3,,,,6,1,,781Title: Telephone:shortOil and Natural8U.S.NA NA NA
"Greening" Industrial Steam Generation via On-demand Steam Systems
boiler technology currently in service in the U.S., it is critical to raise awareness and examine the role of emerging new technologies to address the energy and environmental challenges inherent with steam generation. In the same way that tank...
Smith, J. P.
Demand response medium sized industry consumers (Smart Grid Project) | Open
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating Solar Power Basics (The following text09-0018-CXBasin JumpTexas ElecEnergy
Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification (Version 1.0)
The development of the Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification, also known as OpenADR or Open Auto-DR, began in 2002 following the California electricity crisis. The work has been carried out by the Demand Response Research Center (DRRC), which is managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This specification describes an open standards-based communications data model designed to facilitate sending and receiving demand response price and reliability signals from a utility or Independent System Operator to electric customers. OpenADR is one element of the Smart Grid information and communications technologies that are being developed to improve optimization between electric supply and demand. The intention of the open automated demand response communications data model is to provide interoperable signals to building and industrial control systems that are preprogrammed to take action based on a demand response signal, enabling a demand response event to be fully automated, with no manual intervention. The OpenADR specification is a flexible infrastructure to facilitate common information exchange between the utility or Independent System Operator and end-use participants. The concept of an open specification is intended to allow anyone to implement the signaling systems, the automation server or the automation clients.
Piette, Mary Ann; Ghatikar, Girish; Kiliccote, Sila; Koch, Ed; Hennage, Dan; Palensky, Peter; McParland, Charles
Evaluating Sites for Industrial Cogeneration in Chicago
and hospital complexes; and new, densely populated residential developments that have large thermal and electric demands. Potential sites have been evaluated as part of a project to encourage industrial cogeneration applications in Chicago. Energy...
Fowler, G. L.; Baugher, A. H.
The dynamics and strategic analysis of wireless communications technology in the healthcare industry
The healthcare industry like other industry is on the cross roads as a result of rising demand for healthcare delivery and service, the industry is facing declining revenues and increasing cost. As a result, one of the ...
Eyemaro, John K. (John Kingsley)
global gasoline and diesel price and income elasticities.shift in the short-run price elasticity of gasoline demand.Habits and Uncertain Relative Prices: Simulating Petrol Con-
Industrial Engineering Industrial Advisory Board
Industrial Engineering Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) #12;PURPOSE: The Texas Tech University - Industrial Engineering Industrial Ad- visory Board (IAB) is an association of professionals with a com- mon goal - promoting and developing the Texas Tech Department of Industrial Engineering and its students
Gelfond, Michael
Societal demand for increasing mineral resources continue to affect societythrough aspects as varied as
Societal demand for increasing mineral resources continue to affect societythrough aspects in investment. The discovery of new mineral resources requires increasing risk, increasing costs, and to provide trained individuals to industry. Vancouver has long been a global leader in exploration
Handy, Todd C.
Program Strategies and Results for California�s Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Markets
Global Energy Partners provides a review of California�s strategic approach to energy efficiency and demand response implementation, with a focus on the industrial sector. The official role of the state, through the California Energy Commission (CEC...
Ehrhard, R.; Hamilton, G.
The role of demand uncertainty in materials selection : a case study on aluminum recycling
Aluminum is a versatile material that is used frequently in transportation and packaging, two industries with substantial recent growth. The increase in demand for aluminum, however, has outpaced the growth of primary ...
Dabbas, Hashem H
Parity meter for charge qubits: an efficient quantum entangler
We propose a realization of a charge parity meter based on two double quantum dots alongside a quantum point contact. Such a device is a specific example of the general class of mesoscopic quadratic quantum measurement detectors previously investigated by Mao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 056803 (2004)]. Our setup accomplishes entangled state preparation by a current measurement alone, and allows the qubits to be effectively decoupled by pinching off the parity meter. Two applications of the parity meter are discussed: the measurement of Bell's inequality in charge qubits and the realization of a controlled NOT gate.
B. Trauzettel; A. N. Jordan; C. W. J. Beenakker; M. Buttiker
Chevron facility focused on commercial orifice-meter research
Research to determine the accuracy of commercial orifice meters for custody-transfer measurement has indicated that high-volume gas meters can be flow-proven while in such service. The research further yielded more accurate orifice-meter discharge coefficient equations (at Reynolds numbers greater than 4,000,000) than current equations of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American Petroleum Institute (API). These are partial findings of a major study conducted by Chevron Oil Field Research Co. at its Venice, La., calibration facility.
Jones, E.H.; Ferguson, K.R.
A Fresh Look at Weather Impact on Peak Electricity Demand and
LBNL-6280E A Fresh Look at Weather Impact on Peak Electricity Demand and Energy Use of Buildings at Weather Impact on Peak Electricity Demand and Energy Use of Buildings Using 30-Year Actual Weather Data Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2 Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial
Towards Hybrid Online On-Demand Querying of Realtime Data with Stateful Complex Event Processing
that is frequently accessed (hot data) is on fast storage compared to less-frequently accessed data (warm and cold like e- commerce and energy industry require both online and on- demand queries to be performed over to support scalable data storage and on-demand querying over large volumes of data. These systems usually
1 THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO MEET THE WORKFORCE DEMAND IN THE ELECTRIC POWER AND ENERGY, Iowa State University ABSTRACT There is a tremendous imbalance between engineering workforce demand and supply in the world in general, and in the US, in particular. The electric power and energy industry
Full Rank Rational Demand Systems
as a nominal income full rank QES. R EFERENCES (A.84)S. G. Donald. �Inferring the Rank of a Matrix. � Journal of97-102. . �A Demand System Rank Theorem. � Econometrica 57 (
LaFrance, Jeffrey T; Pope, Rulon D.
Marketing Demand-Side Management
Demand-Side Management is an organizational tool that has proven successful in various realms of the ever changing business world in the past few years. It combines the multi-faceted desires of the customers with the increasingly important...
O'Neill, M. L.
Community Water Demand in Texas
Solutions to Texas water policy and planning problems will be easier to identify once the impact of price upon community water demand is better understood. Several important questions cannot be addressed in the absence of such information...
Griffin, Ronald C.; Chang, Chan
The Demand Response Spinning Reserve project is a pioneeringdemonstration of how existing utility load-management assets can providean important electricity system reliability resource known as spinningreserve. Using aggregated demand-side resources to provide spinningreserve will give grid operators at the California Independent SystemOperator (CAISO) and Southern California Edison (SCE) a powerful, newtool to improve system reliability, prevent rolling blackouts, and lowersystem operating costs.
Eto, Joseph H.; Nelson-Hoffman, Janine; Torres, Carlos; Hirth,Scott; Yinger, Bob; Kueck, John; Kirby, Brendan; Bernier, Clark; Wright,Roger; Barat, A.; Watson, David S.
Open Automated Demand Response Communications in Demand Response for Wholesale Ancillary Services
A. Barat, D. Watson. 2006 Demand Response Spinning ReserveKueck, and B. Kirby 2008. Demand Response Spinning ReserveReport 2009. Open Automated Demand Response Communications
Home Network Technologies and Automating Demand Response
Over the past several years, interest in large-scale control of peak energy demand and total consumption has increased. While motivated by a number of factors, this interest has primarily been spurred on the demand side by the increasing cost of energy and, on the supply side by the limited ability of utilities to build sufficient electricity generation capacity to meet unrestrained future demand. To address peak electricity use Demand Response (DR) systems are being proposed to motivate reductions in electricity use through the use of price incentives. DR systems are also be design to shift or curtail energy demand at critical times when the generation, transmission, and distribution systems (i.e. the 'grid') are threatened with instabilities. To be effectively deployed on a large-scale, these proposed DR systems need to be automated. Automation will require robust and efficient data communications infrastructures across geographically dispersed markets. The present availability of widespread Internet connectivity and inexpensive, reliable computing hardware combined with the growing confidence in the capabilities of distributed, application-level communications protocols suggests that now is the time for designing and deploying practical systems. Centralized computer systems that are capable of providing continuous signals to automate customers reduction of power demand, are known as Demand Response Automation Servers (DRAS). The deployment of prototype DRAS systems has already begun - with most initial deployments targeting large commercial and industrial (C & I) customers. An examination of the current overall energy consumption by economic sector shows that the C & I market is responsible for roughly half of all energy consumption in the US. On a per customer basis, large C & I customers clearly have the most to offer - and to gain - by participating in DR programs to reduce peak demand. And, by concentrating on a small number of relatively sophisticated energy consumers, it has been possible to improve the DR 'state of the art' with a manageable commitment of technical resources on both the utility and consumer side. Although numerous C & I DR applications of a DRAS infrastructure are still in either prototype or early production phases, these early attempts at automating DR have been notably successful for both utilities and C & I customers. Several factors have strongly contributed to this success and will be discussed below. These successes have motivated utilities and regulators to look closely at how DR programs can be expanded to encompass the remaining (roughly) half of the state's energy load - the light commercial and, in numerical terms, the more important residential customer market. This survey examines technical issues facing the implementation of automated DR in the residential environment. In particular, we will look at the potential role of home automation networks in implementing wide-scale DR systems that communicate directly to individual residences.
McParland, Charles
25 years ago: the official farewell to the meter
On october 21st 1983 took place in S\\`evres on the western outskirts of Paris the official funeral of the meter. With it the notion of distance as a physical observable was buried.
Thomas Schucker
Smart Meters Helping Oklahoma Consumers Save Hundreds During...
meters give consumers real-time information on how their energy use affects their energy costs. With a two-tiered pricing system, you get a discount during lower usage...
Development Of 2-Meter Soil Temperature Probes And Results Of...
Meter Soil Temperature Probes And Results Of Temperature Survey Conducted At Desert Peak, Nevada, Usa Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Conference...
Down to the Meter: Localized Vehicle Pollution Matters
Near-Roadway Vehicle Pollution,� American Journal of Publicfor Vehicle-Related Air Pollution Exposure in Minority andMeter: Localized Vehicle Pollution Matters B Y D O U G L A S
Houston, Douglas; Wu, Jun; Ong, Paul; Winer, Arthur
Smart Meters Offer 'Instant Gratification;' Help Houston Homeowners...
Diorio explains to KPRC Local 2 News how much she's saved with her recently installed smart meter, which allows her to see her savings in real time. Houston resident Ruth...
LM to Meet Energy Metering Goals Through Enhanced Data Collection...
goals related to energy usage and metering. The first goal states that LM should reduce energy use intensity (EUI) by 30 percent by fiscal year (FY) 2020, as compared to the FY...
Value creation and value capture of advanced electricity meter information
Advanced or smart metering has been a hot topic in the electricity community for several years. Despite the excitement about the technology, few business cases are actually able to justify the investment cost. One reason ...
Oesterlin, Ulf
Helping New Hampshire Achieve Its 25 x 25 Goal Renewable Energy Incentives, Energy Metering, and
........................................................................ 21 5. ENERGY CONSERVATION: SMART METERING.........Helping New Hampshire Achieve Its 25 x 25 Goal Renewable Energy Incentives, Energy Metering............................................................ 12 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY: PRODUCTION INCENTIVES................................... 14 3.1 NET METERING
Lotko, William
2014. �Insights�from�Smart� Meters:�The�Potential�for�Peak�available data captured by smart meters and other sources,series Insights from Smart Meters. DRAFT � DO NOT CIRCULATE
Todd, Annika
Chilled Water Thermal Storage System and Demand Response at the University of California at Merced
The University of California at Merced is a unique campus that has benefited from intensive efforts to maximize energy efficiency, and has participated in a demand response program for the past two years. Campus demand response evaluations are often difficult because of the complexities introduced by central heating and cooling, non-coincident and diverse building loads, and existence of a single electrical meter for the entire campus. At the University of California at Merced, a two million gallon chilled water storage system is charged daily during off-peak price periods and used to flatten the load profile during peak demand periods. This makes demand response more subtle and challenges typical evaluation protocols. The goal of this research is to study demand response savings in the presence of storage systems in a campus setting. First, University of California at Merced summer electric loads are characterized; second, its participation in two demand response events is detailed. In each event a set of strategies were pre-programmed into the campus control system to enable semi-automated response. Finally, demand savings results are applied to the utility's DR incentives structure to calculate the financial savings under various DR programs and tariffs. A key conclusion to this research is that there is significant demand reduction using a zone temperature set point change event with the full off peak storage cooling in use.
Granderson, Jessica; Dudley, Junqiao Han; Kiliccote, Sila; Piette, Mary Ann
Metering and Calibration in LoanSTAR Buildings
or many stories away from each other. Power measurements across multiple panels can increase costs dramatically. Buildings often have multiple electrical feeds or feed additional buildings. Asbestos is found in many chilled and hot water piping... installed before 1970. Installation of thermal metering requires asbestos abatement. The cost to remove the asbestos may be too high to justify the thermal metering. (6) Timely installation of equipment requires an intensive coordination effort during...
O'Neal, D. L.; Bryant, J. A.; Turner, W. D.; Glass, M. G.
Demand Response as a System Reliability Resource
Barat, and D. Watson. 2007. Demand Response Spinning ReserveKueck, and B. Kirby. 2009. Demand Response Spinning ReserveFormat of 2009-2011 Demand Response Activity Applications.
Joseph, Eto
CALIFORNIA ENERGY DEMAND 2014-2024 PRELIMINARY FORECAST Volume 1 in this report. #12;i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The demand forecast is the combined product of the hard. Margaret Sheridan contributed to the residential forecast. Mitch Tian prepared the peak demand
CALIFORNIA ENERGY DEMAND 2014-2024 PRELIMINARY FORECAST Volume 2 Director #12; i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The demand forecast is the combined product prepared the peak demand forecast. Ravinderpal Vaid provided the projections of commercial
California Energy Demand Scenario Projections to 2050
California Energy Demand Scenario Projections to 2050 RyanCEC (2003a) California energy demand 2003-2013 forecast.CEC (2005a) California energy demand 2006-2016: Staff energy
McCarthy, Ryan; Yang, Christopher; Ogden, Joan M.
Modeling supermarket refrigeration energy use and demand
A computer model has been developed that can predict the performance of supermarket refrigeration equipment to within 3% of field test measurements. The Supermarket Refrigeration Energy Use and Demand Model has been used to simulate currently available refrigerants R-12, R-502 and R-22, and is being further developed to address alternative refrigerants. This paper reports that the model is expected to be important in the design, selection and operation of cost-effective, high-efficiency refrigeration systems. It can profile the operation and performance of different types of compressors, condensors, refrigerants and display cases. It can also simulate the effects of store humidity and temperature on display cases; the efficiency of various floating head pressure setpoints, defrost alternatives and subcooling methods; the efficiency and amount of heat reclaim from refrigeration systems; and the influence of other variables such as store lighting and building design. It can also be used to evaluate operational strategies such as variable-speed drive or cylinder unloading for capacity control. Development of the model began in 1986 as part of a major effort, sponsored by the U.S. electric utility industry, to evaluate energy performance of then conventional single compressor and state-of-the-art multiplex refrigeration systems, and to characterize the contribution of a variety of technology enhancement features on system energy use and demand.
Blatt, M.H.; Khattar, M.K. (Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (US)); Walker, D.H. (Foster Miller Inc., Waltham, MA (US))
E-Print Network 3.0 - automated seepage meters Sample Search...
there exists less information on the mechanism An automated dye-dilution based seepage meter... , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 Abstract We designed an automated seepage meter...
E-Print Network 3.0 - activity meters Sample Search Results
Testing in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure Summary: . The activities of a smart meter are coordinated by its Microcontroller Unit (MCU). The majority of work...
Design and development of digital smart meter network for distribution system.
??"The main objective of this study is to design and develop smart meter network to investigate the requirements of an efficient and reliable smart meter� (more)
Rahman, Md. M
Smart-Metering for Monitoring Building Power Distributionimplementable for smart-meters for a building. Eachcontrol node of a building so as to make smart decisions.
Providing Reliability Services through Demand Response: A Prelimnary Evaluation of the Demand Response Capabilities of Alcoa Inc.
Demand response is the largest underutilized reliability resource in North America. Historic demand response programs have focused on reducing overall electricity consumption (increasing efficiency) and shaving peaks but have not typically been used for immediate reliability response. Many of these programs have been successful but demand response remains a limited resource. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) report, 'Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering' (FERC 2006) found that only five percent of customers are on some form of demand response program. Collectively they represent an estimated 37,000 MW of response potential. These programs reduce overall energy consumption, lower green house gas emissions by allowing fossil fuel generators to operate at increased efficiency and reduce stress on the power system during periods of peak loading. As the country continues to restructure energy markets with sophisticated marginal cost models that attempt to minimize total energy costs, the ability of demand response to create meaningful shifts in the supply and demand equations is critical to creating a sustainable and balanced economic response to energy issues. Restructured energy market prices are set by the cost of the next incremental unit of energy, so that as additional generation is brought into the market, the cost for the entire market increases. The benefit of demand response is that it reduces overall demand and shifts the entire market to a lower pricing level. This can be very effective in mitigating price volatility or scarcity pricing as the power system responds to changing demand schedules, loss of large generators, or loss of transmission. As a global producer of alumina, primary aluminum, and fabricated aluminum products, Alcoa Inc., has the capability to provide demand response services through its manufacturing facilities and uniquely through its aluminum smelting facilities. For a typical aluminum smelter, electric power accounts for 30% to 40% of the factory cost of producing primary aluminum. In the continental United States, Alcoa Inc. currently owns and/or operates ten aluminum smelters and many associated fabricating facilities with a combined average load of over 2,600 MW. This presents Alcoa Inc. with a significant opportunity to respond in areas where economic opportunities exist to help mitigate rising energy costs by supplying demand response services into the energy system. This report is organized into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction and discusses the intention of this report. The second chapter contains the background. In this chapter, topics include: the motivation for Alcoa to provide demand response; ancillary service definitions; the basics behind aluminum smelting; and a discussion of suggested ancillary services that would be particularly useful for Alcoa to supply. Chapter 3 is concerned with the independent system operator, the Midwest ISO. Here the discussion examines the evolving Midwest ISO market structure including specific definitions, requirements, and necessary components to provide ancillary services. This section is followed by information concerning the Midwest ISO's classifications of demand response parties. Chapter 4 investigates the available opportunities at Alcoa's Warrick facility. Chapter 5 involves an in-depth discussion of the regulation service that Alcoa's Warrick facility can provide and the current interactions with Midwest ISO. Chapter 6 reviews future plans and expectations for Alcoa providing ancillary services into the market. Last, chapter 7, details the conclusion and recommendations of this paper.
Starke, Michael R [ORNL; Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL; Kueck, John D [ORNL; Todd, Duane [Alcoa; Caulfield, Michael [Alcoa; Helms, Brian [Alcoa
PHY and MAC Layer Design of Hybrid Spread Spectrum Based Smart Meter Network
The smart grid is a combined process of revitalizing the traditional power grid applications and introducing new applications to improve the efficiency of power generation, transmission and distribution. This can be achieved by leveraging advanced communication and networking technologies. Therefore the selection of the appropriate communication technology for different smart grid applications has been debated a lot in the recent past. After comparing different possible technologies, a recent research study has arrived at a conclusion that the 3G cellular technology is the right choice for distribution side smart grid applications like smart metering, advanced distribution automation and demand response management system. In this paper, we argue that the current 3G/4G cellular technologies are not an appropriate choice for smart grid distribution applications and propose a Hybrid Spread Spectrum (HSS) based Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) as one of the alternatives to 3G/4G technologies. We present a preliminary PHY and MAC layer design of a HSS based AMI network and evaluate their performance using matlab and NS2 simulations. Also, we propose a time hierarchical scheme that can significantly reduce the volume of random access traffic generated during blackouts and the delay in power outage reporting.
Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL] [ORNL
and Demand Response A pilot program from NSTAR in Massachusetts,Massachusetts, aiming to test whether an intensive program of energy efficiency and demand response
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