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Review Article
Design of new solid catalysts for the selective conversion of glycerol
Article first published online: 18 SEP 2008
DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800061
Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
Volume 110, Issue 9, pages 825–830, No. 9 September 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Barrault, J. and Jerome, F. (2008), Design of new solid catalysts for the selective conversion of glycerol. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 110: 825–830. doi: 10.1002/ejlt.200800061
Publication History
- Issue published online: 18 SEP 2008
- Article first published online: 18 SEP 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 29 APR 2008
- Manuscript Received: 29 FEB 2008
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
- Alkyl ethers;
- Glycerol;
- Glyceryl ethers;
- Monoglycerides;
- Polyglycerols;
- Solid catalysts
Glycerol is now obtained as a co-product of biodiesel from renewable raw materials with a dramatically increasing production. It follows that one of the most important breakthroughs is to find new catalytic processes for chemical valorizations. The present paper gives a short overview of selective esterification, transesterification or etherification of glycerol via the use of new heterogeneous catalysts. The selectivity control is mainly the result of the synthesis of mesoporous materials for which acidic or basic properties as well as the surface hydrophilic-lipophilic balance were optimized.


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How to tell your kids they're going to Walt Disney World?
Top 10 Options for Lovebirds on Valentine's Day at Walt Disney World
Disneyland and Disney World's No-Fly Zones Under Scrutiny
In 2003 congress put into place a law that restricted flights around Disney's U.S. theme parks. There's a 3-mile restricted zone from which helicopters and planes are prevented from entering. Originally put in place to prevent attacks from bad actors (mostly terrorists), the no-fly zone also has the benefit of…
Honeymooners Check In to Walt Disney World
Facebook has released the top places honeymooning couples check into. Like others celebrating a big event, newlyweds share the moment on Facebook and then check in at their honeymoon destination of choice. Facebook crunched the numbers and then compiled the top honeymoon places for couples who married in 2014. Lake…
Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin Offering Deals for Grandparents Day
Inside Lake Buena Vista Resort Village
American Idol Experience to close at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Over the weekend news broke that the caste of the American Idol Experience had been informed their show would be canceled early next year. Lower ratings on the TV show have resulted in low guest interest in the park attraction. However, managers are considering promotions like bringing back the popular…

subset: commoncrawl


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Adult Entertainment Expo 2012
Tuesday, January 24, 2012 | 3 years ago
The AVN Adult Entertainment Expo (AEE), a trade show held every year in January, gathers hundreds of porn stars in one convention center in Las Vegas. It's even more fun than it sounds. All photos by Nate "Igor" Smith.
Oh the Nudity! Nude Porn Stars at AVN Awards 2012 (NSFW)
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Cool July until now
July has been very cool month with the average high temperatures are down 25 degrees if you add up the first five days of the month. The average high is 85 degrees today and we should actually surpass that. But the next two days this week will be well below average as temperatures will be around 80 Tuesday and in the middle 70s on Thursday.


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Ever since Sandra Bullock got lost in space in the thriller Gravity, her fresh and colorful red carpet looks have caught the eye of every designer and fashion aficionado (including our very own editor Ariel Foxman and Fashion News Director Eric Wilson). With the 86th annual Academy Awards just one week away, we're sure the nominated leading actress will keep her bold red carpet streak going -- to infinity and beyond!
Usually Wears: Whether it's a bold print, a pop of color, or an unexpected cut (like this emerald strapless Lanvin frock), Bullock effortlessly mixes Hollywood glamour with a dash of fresh modernity to each of her looks. "She is the epitome of a classic Hollywood star, but she is always still kind of fresh, a little athletic, a little down-to-earth and I think that's what makes her so likable and believable on the red carpet," says Foxman during InStyle's Google Oscar Hangout Debate.
Favorite Designers: Lanvin, Stella McCartney, Zuhair Murad, Giambattista Valli, and Antonio Berardi.
Wildcard Factor: Bullock continues to push the style boundaries, but manages to make it look so easy. No matter how avant-garde the silhouette or how bright the hue may be, the effect is never contrived. "Sandra has a timeless beauty, and her red carpet style tends to step outside of the box. She can do color, drop waist silhouettes, embroidery—you name it, she's worn it," says designer Zuhair Murad. "In 2013, I saw a new Sandra—she's elegant, her body is flawless, and her confidence is through the roof. This year, Sandra doesn't need over-the-top glamour to make a statement, she's already on top."
What We'd Like To See: "I really get excited when someone like Sandra Bullock takes a risk with color, the Alex Perry dress I loved because it was that clash of pink and red and it dipped into the lace appliqué trend that has been going on for awhile. But I liked to see some color, I think if she continues that streak she's going to look incredible," says Wilson during the Google Oscar Hangout Debate. "I think that she is just getting better with age, adds designer Rachel Roy. "That is something for women to look forward to, you start to learn yourself more, know who you are, know what works, what doesn't work, and so for me—with that beautiful jaw line that she has—I would really love to see a Rodarte, or kind of a modern take on a Oscars gown."
Take a look back at all of Sandra Bullock's best looks ever in our gallery!
• We've Decided the Red Carpet Fashions for the Oscars!
• The 86th Annual Academy Awards Nominees
• See How Sandra Bullock's Style Has Evolved!


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1 Corinthians: Anchor Yale Bible Commentary [AYBC]
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|Format: Hardcover
Number of Pages: 688
Vendor: Yale University Press
Dimensions: 9.25 X 6.13 (inches)
Availability: In Stock
Series: Anchor Yale Bible Commentary
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This new translation of First Corinthians includes an introduction and extensive commentary that has been composed to explain the religious meaning of this Pauline epistle. Joseph Fitzmyer discusses all the usual introductory problems associated with the epistle, including issues of its authorship, time of composition, and purpose, and he also presents a complete outline.
The author analyzes the epistle, pericope by pericope, discussing the meaning of each one in a comment and explaining details in the notes. The book supplies a bibliography on the various passages and problems for readers who wish to investigate further, and useful indexes complete the volume. First Corinthians will be of interest to general readers who wish to learn more about the Pauline letters, and also to pastors, college and university teachers, graduate students studying the Bible, and professors of Biblical studies.
Author Bio
Joseph A. Fitzmyer is a Jesuit priest and professor emeritus, Biblical Studies, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. He has edited and published numerous books on the New Testament, ancient Aramaic, and the Dead Sea Scrolls, and he has served as president of the Society of Biblical Literature, the Catholic Biblical Association, and the Society for New Testament Study. He lives in Washington, DC.


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PARKROYAL Penang Resort, Malaysia
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TravelPod Member ReviewsPARKROYAL Penang Resort, Malaysia Batu Ferringhi
Very comfortable
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
We had some friends who stay here every year, and they invited us over for dinner. The food was wonderful. Half my family had the buffet, and the other half ordered off the menu. We all loved it. It was a little pricey for Penang, but for a splurg, it was well worth it!
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Eat, Sleep, Sightsee, Rest - Repeat
... ground for our new GoPro.
I'm certain that by the end of this trip I would have made the selfy stick somewhat respectable. I can't believe I have thought this let alone declared it publicly.
After a week of soaking up rays & playing with the GoPro it was time to tackle what we had come for – the mighty Mount Kinabalu. Standing at 4095m above sea level and being SE Asia's highest mountain we had her in our sights for ...
Leg 3: Penang to Langkawi
... whether the end to our adventure may be sooner than expected. A 3am visit to the local medical clinic allowed us to get some paracetamol for the fever (although the route of administration was a bit unexpected!), and a few days of TLC allowed the fever to pass and our happy little boy to return to his normal self. Other highlights of our time in Penang included the commencement of the inaugural "Carcassone Championship" (score updates to follow), and my ...
1st night in Malaysia
... back seat and were so glad to get there. It was an experience. We told Kevin we weren't going to take that taxi back to the hotel. He laughed and said "Get used to this!".
We walked around the Hard Rock Hotel ... there was an awesome HUGE pool and slides and lots of kids. There was access to the beach...Andrea said she would like to ...
Hard Rockin'
... the place as a cup full of pens came my way. Finding a spot on the walls was going to be hard, so I went for the ceiling. Standing on the table for this and tip toeing, I put my stamp on the place and then retreated to the table graffiti whilst sipping my wine. Time was flying bye and our beds were calling us, not before having supper with Puva, which was spicy lamb soup, bread and a chicken burger between us. The chicken burger at 2am was amazing!! Best burger ever!! It was 3am by ...
Watching all the birds go by....
... 8216;the pearl of the orient'. As you may recall from earlier blog posts, our plan had been to stop over in the Cameron Highlands en route but as time went on, Graham got cold feet about exploring the Highlands - or rather he got a fear of having cold wet feet in the lower temperatures and recent flooding in that part of the world. Now, Graham and I did disagree slightly on this and caused me to be a tad cool myself but heh, ...


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Discover a selection of top forums tides everyone on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums tides everyone and meet other fans of tides everyone. Then, why don't you create your own forum of tides everyone ?
This is the Forums for the WoW guild Brethren of the Tides on Argent Dawn
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Vegetable Tarts
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Cold butter
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Mixed vegetables
|1 Pound (Such As Broccoli, Asparagus And Tomatoes)
|1 Teaspoon
|Whipping cream
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Grated nutmeg
|1 Pinch
|White pepper
|2 Pinch
Quickly mix the flour, eggs, 1/2 teaspoon of the salt and the butter cut into flakes to make a smooth pastry dough.
Form into a ball, cover and chill.
Cut the peeled broccoli and asparagus into 1-inch pieces.
Divide the broccoli florets.
Quarter the washed tomatoes.
Bring a pot of water to a boil with 1 teaspoon of salt.
Cook the broccoli and asparagus separately in a sieve 3 minutes each, dip in cold water and drain.
Brush 4 tart pans with the oil.
Preheat the oven to 425°.
On a lightly floured surface roll out the dough to a thin sheet.
Lay it in the tart pans, prick with a fork and bake 10 minutes.
Beat the eggs with the cream and season with a little salt, the nutmeg and pepper.
Place the vegetables in the tarts and fill with the eggs and cream.
Bake 15 minutes.


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The Pheasant is a charming country house hotel set in its own extensive grounds, enjoying a peaceful rural location in the small village of Kelling, making it an ideal base from which to explore the b...More about The Pheasant Hotel & Restaurant
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Los Angeles is a city filled with so many talented artists it's always feels good when a artist you enjoy starts breaking. JMSN's sound is refreshing and well polished and a nice break from what you hear day to day on the radio. A sprinkle of downtempo, a sprinkle of heavy drums, and a sprink of dubstep, and a whole lot of chillingly good vocals is how i would discribe JMSN's music. Take the time to peep his new remix when the sun is going down and it starts to cool off in this hot summer heat, it's perfect.
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text: We spent two nights at Villa Annette and really liked it a lot. If you are looking for a quiet hotel outside Rabac, this is an excellent choice, The view on the bay is great, but make sure you get a room on the third floor (we had no. 303) as those have the best view from the balcony. Rooms... More


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Best Answer bonanova, 08 January 2008 - 06:25 PM
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Best Answer bonanova, 08 January 2008 - 06:25 PM
Posted 15 November 2011 - 09:47 AM
Posted 22 November 2011 - 12:34 AM
Posted 23 November 2011 - 05:42 PM
Edited by plainglazed, 23 November 2011 - 11:42 PM.
Posted 09 December 2011 - 07:49 AM
Posted 13 December 2011 - 12:38 PM
Your reasoning is correct. It was stated that a correct strategy would guarantee the safety of 19 of the 20, with the 20th (first to guess) having a 50% chance.
With no other information present, I don't see how this is solvable. What strategy would allow you to say the word "red" or the word "black" and tell nineteen people which of two colors each was wearing? I believe it is impossible; you cannot convey that much information in a simple binary choice.
I can see a method to save at least 13 of the 20 people:Spoiler for solutionThe first person looks at the two hats in front of him. If the hats are the same color, he says "red". If they are different colors, he says "black". This guarantees the safety of the two people in front of him, since the next guy in line will be able to figure out his own color. Starting with the first, every third person uses this code. There will be two people left at the end; the second-to-last guesses the color of the last person's hat, so the last person will also be assured of survival. If done correctly, only seven of the twenty will be in danger of death. A mathematically average run would see 3 or 4 executions among the 20, a 15-20% mortality rate -- not bad odds for 20 condemned prisoners. At worst, 13 survive, for a 65% minimum survival rate. And there is one chance in 128 that all will survive.
Posted 03 January 2012 - 06:46 PM
Posted 04 January 2012 - 03:23 PM
Posted 05 January 2012 - 03:11 PM
one wrong timing and all are gone !!
Here's my solution, not sure if it's allowed or not...Spoiler for Here's my solution.. probably something wrong with it...
You can save the 19 ahead of you by stretching out how long you say the color. The guy in the very back (20th in line) would say the color of the individual (19th) in front of him in 1 second. (Red.) He's got the 50-50 chance. The next person, if 18 is red as well, he says it in one second. If not, he counts off the number of people until he sees another red and that's how long it takes him to say "Red." So if the person 3 (number 16) ahead of him has a red hat, he says "Reeeeeed" over 3 seconds. This way, everyone knows counts the number of seconds for the word and knows that if it skips them, they are the opposite color. If you get close to the end and there are 3 people left with red hats and yours is black, you extend it to 4 seconds for saying red, telling the three of them they are all black.
How's this one?
Posted 07 January 2012 - 02:16 AM
Posted 13 June 2012 - 05:38 PM
Edited by vivekkumarjha, 13 June 2012 - 05:39 PM.
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Tracy Morgan
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"Dear Steve, I have private loans with Sallie Mae totaling $37.000 plus federal loans in the amount of $85.000 totaling $127,000. The federal loans are deffered and I am not paying anything, but Sallie Mae gave me two years after I graduated in 2010, paying $150 every 3 month to put the loans in forebereance. In November I will have ... Read More »
Sallie Mae Said They Were Willing to Release Me as a Co-Borrower. – David
"Dear Steve, I've cosigned 3 Sallie Mae loans and had my signature forged on a fourth loan original principal was $32k. Now with interest, penalties, etc. the balance is about $50K. I've no idea where the primary borrower is and his mother (an ex-girlfriend) is somewhere in Florida, but not responded to any phone calls, texts, nor emails since May. ... Read More »
I Graduated from Art School With 100K in Private Student Loans. – Mike
"Dear Steve, Graduate from 2 art schools. Certificate in Art Direction. Have worked in the industry and am currently a graphic designer. I am in $100,000 in student loan debt. Its a private loan so from my research and meeting with lawyers Im pretty much out of luck with any other repayment options other then what my lender wants to ... Read More »
How Do I Make My Private Student Loan Lenders Consolidate My Debt? – Shannon
"Dear Steve, I have insurmountable student loan debt. I know I am not the only person in this situation, but need help especially with how to handle private loan lenders. I hold both federal and private student loans. The federals are easier to deal with, and it seems that there are companies that will help consolitate those types without a ... Read More »
Sallie Mae Student Loan Discharged Under Bankruptcy But I'm Paying It. – Lori
"Dear Steve, Here is a copy of my credit report.it says discharged and then says under creditors comments debt being paid by insurance..that is false i have been paying on this..what do i do Lori" Dear Lori, Thank you for including a copy of the page from your credit report showing the account. It appears you filed a chapter 7 ... Read More »
I Filed Bankruptcy on My Sallie Mae Loan And It Says Insurance Paid. – Lori
"Dear Steve, I receieved a student loan back in 1984 and in 2006 i filed bankruptcy. my papers say it was discharged but sally mae said i had to pay then they sent it on to nelnet..my credit report says it was insurance paid..what does that mean? what do i do ive been paying this thing forever. Lori" Dear Lori, ... Read More »
What is the Best Way to Pay Off Sallie Mae Loans in Full? – Gayle
Daughter graduated college with $58,000 in student loans (some federal and private) with Salle Mae. Have reading about the many problems people are experiencing, Want to fully pay off these loans but concerned Salle Mae will mess up the payoff. What is the foolproof process for completing the loan payoff? This is your chance to be a hero and help ... Read More »
My Daughter Owes Three Times As Much as Her Sallie Mae Loans Started Out Being. – Robin
"Dear Steve, My daughter, Robin, graduated from college in 1990 and owed $40,000 in student loans. She consolidated all of her loans with Sallie Mae. Due to difficult circumstances, she defaulted and did not pay for some time. A large amount of interest and fees were added to her debt with them and she ended up owing over $125,000. She ... Read More »
I'm a Victim of Sallie Mae Loan Fraud. What Can I Do? – Randal
"Dear Steve, Around 6-7 years ago, I cosigned a Sallie Mae loan for my roomate in the amount of $15K and a second one for around $3K. In 2006, I broke off communication with him as he moved back to the UK due to not getting a job in the US. Well, there's been times that sallie mae has contacted ... Read More »
Can Student Loans Garnish Both My Wages and Social Security at the Same Time? – Ross
"Dear Steve, Student loans totalling approx. $24,000 defaulted in 1993 and wages were garnished. I left that employer and tax return overpayments were taken. I am now 62yrs old and working part time for a large do it yourself retailer. After I started, more than a year ago, my wages were garnished at 15%. I recently resigned and was rehired ... Read More »
DeVry is Chasing Me for a Debt I Don't Think I Owe. – Jodi
"Dear Steve, I attended DeVry online 5 years ago. Was only enrolled for two semesters. Since then I have been paying on two student loans. Original total was around $9000. Three month ago a company (ACS) sends me a letter to inform me that I will have to start paying them back. This letter said DeVry Residence school.Not the DeVry ... Read More »
Is Suicide an Option to Get Out of Student Loan Debt? – Michael
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My Student Loan Xpress Loan is Now With American Education Services But I Need Help. – Jack
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Online war erupts in Kenya after peaceful voteThe Associated Press | March 15,2013NAIROBI, Kenya Tribal lines are being drawn over who won Kenyas presidential election. But unlike the bloody violence that scarred the country five years ago, this time the only fighting is online.
Machete strikes and bows and arrows are being replaced by bitter Tweets and angry status updates.
The exchange of barbs between supporters of Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta who was named the winner of the March 4 election with 50.07 percent of the vote and his closest competitor, Prime Minister Raila Odinga, has degenerated into expletive-filled fights in social media that have the government worried.
The Ministry of Information and Communications said this week that it has been unable to contain the ugly messages of hate and negative ethnicity online. It said many of the messages qualify as hate speech.
Some officials worry that the virtual feuding could trigger real-life fighting.
The outrage is becoming wider and the tension is palpable. Its going to erode all our efforts of building national cohesion, Milly Lwanga, vice chair of the government-funded National Cohesion and Integration Commission, told The Associated Press Thursday. The buildup of tension, its like a room where gas is leaking slowly and then eventually there will be something small to ignite it and people will wonder where the explosion came from.
After Kenyas disputed presidential vote in late 2007, Odingas supporters took to the streets. Tribal violence erupted, resulting in the deaths of more than 1,000 people.
Odingas camp on Thursday said the prime minister will file a petition with the Supreme Court today to overturn the election results. Odinga alleges the election was rigged.
We are dealing with criminals who should not be in State House but in prison, said Odinga on Thursday of his opponents. But, significantly, he is urging his supporters to stay calm as his case is heard in court.
No major violence has been reported, but the interactions are ugly online. Ethnic allegiances are exposed and ridiculed. Kenyattas tribe the Kikuyus and Odingas tribe the Luos clashed violently five years ago, now they insult each other via the internet.MORE IN Wire NewsNEW YORK NBC said Monday that it is ending its business relationship with mogul and GOP... Full StorySEATTLE A wildfire fueled by high temperatures and strong winds roared into a central... Full StoryPLAINVILLE, Mass. Full Story
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- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1472, Orkney, Shetland islands put up as collateral by Norway to Scotland in lieu of dowry for MARGARET OF DENMARK on her marriage with JAMES III, king of Scotland; 1962, JOHN GLENN first American to orbit Earth.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: City mayoral candidates debate campaign issues; Hartford, Conn., woman still missing; Neal Goswami reports attempts to legislate suicide; local woman loses 100 pounds through TOPS program.
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1878, JOHN TUNSTALL murdered near Lincoln, New Mexico, by the outlaw JESSE EVANS; in 1930, ELM FARM OLLIE first cow to fly in aircraft, first to be milked airborne; 1955, nuke test WASP; '79, snow in Sahara.
- TOMORROW'S HEADLINES TODAY: Rutland Herald News Editor Alan J. Keays and staff writer Gordon Dritschilo discuss stories planned for the February 18, 2015, edition of the newspaper: Winter budgets maxed, legal marijuana, Springfield bank job, USPS slowdown
- RICHARD'S POOR ALMANACK: On this day in 1249 AD, ANDRE of LONGJUMEAU is dispatched by LOUIS IX of France to meet the KHAGAN, ruler of the Mongol Empire; in 1804, during 1st Barbary War, STEPHEN DECATUR scuttles the pirate-held USS Philadelphia in Tripoli.


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Nutrition: A Co-factor in HIV Infection/AIDS Progression Phara Jourdan Rosabelle Campos March 28, 2005 Outline Trends & Prevalence Overview of HIV Infection/AIDS Application of HAART AIDS Wasting Syndrome HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Nutritional Interventions Case Study Summary Discussion HIV/AIDS Worldwide • 38 million people live with HIV/AIDS worldwide. • Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 70% of the people living with HIV. • 2.1 million children are infected with HIV/AIDS in the world Top HIV/AIDS-Infected Countries 1. South Africa 9. United States 2. Nigeria 10. Russian Federation 3. Zimbabwe 11. China Sub- 4. Tanzania 12. Brazil Saharan Africa 5. The Congo 13. Thailand 6. Ethiopia 7. Kenya 8. Mozambique Source: Steinbrook R. The AIDS epidemic in 2004. NEJM. 2004;351:115-117. AIDS Rates reported in 2002, US Proportion of AIDS Cases, by Race/Ethnicity AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired - because it's a condition one must acquire or get infected with, not something transmitted through the genes Immune - because it affects the body's immune system, the part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses Deficiency - because it makes the immune system deficient Syndrome - because someone with AIDS may experience a wide range of different diseases and opportunistic infections Modes of Transmission Unprotected intercourse Injection drug use Other unsafe injections Blood transfusions Direct blood contact Mother to child Sources: 2004 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, July 2004. Steinbrook R. The AIDS epidemic in 2004. NEJM. 2004;351:115-117. The Human Immune Deficiency Virus Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS A retrovirus unknown until early 1980s: 1. Cannot replicate outside of living host cells 2. Contains only RNA; no DNA 3. Destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers 4. Infects CD4 cells – the primary target of HIV infection Patients infected with HIV are at risk for illness and death from: 1. Opportunistic infections 2. Neoplastic complications CD4 Count in HIV infection The CD4 cell , also known as "T4" or "helper T cell― is responsible for signaling other parts of the immune system to respond to an infection. Normal counts range from 500 to 1500 cells per cubic millimeter of blood Initially in HIV infection there is a sharp drop in the CD4 count and then the count levels off to around 500-600 cells/mm3. CD4 count is a marker of likely disease progression. CD4 percentage tends to decline as HIV disease progresses. CD4 counts can also be used to predict the risks for particular conditions such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CMV disease or MAI disease. Treatment decisions are often based on Viral Load and CD4 count. Natural History of Untreated HIV Infection Opportunistic Infections Manifestations of HIV Infection Primary Infection Clinical Latency Advanced Disease often asymptomatic or overlooked usually asymptomatic Symptomatic symptoms 1-6 weeks after lymph nodes site of ongoing viral Plasma viremia begins to rise infection latency CD4 cell count falls further viral like syndrome: sore throat, massive viral production fever, lymphadenopathy, rash A decline in nutrient status or body destruction of CD4 cells composition differential includes EBV, CMV, hepatitis, toxoplasmosis a decrease in lean body mass Opportunistic infections develop: without apparent total body weight fever, weight loss, antibody (ELISA, Western Blot) change lymphadenopathy, thrush, diarrhea, may not be detected malignancies, wasting syndrome, vitamin B12 deficiency neurologic syndrome including dementia increased susceptibility to food and water-borne pathogens. AIDS Defined HIV positive with a CD4 cell count that is or has been less than 200 cells/mm3 HIV positive with a CD4 percent below 14%. HIV positive and with an AIDS defining illness such as PCP, toxoplasmosis, MAC, Kaposi's Sarcoma, etc. regardless of CD4 cell count Antiviral Drug Therapy Nucleoside/ Nonnucleoside Protease Fusion Nucleotide Reverse Inhibitors Inhibitors Transcriptase Analogues Inhibitors Abacavir Delavirdine Amprenavir Enfuvirtide Didanosine Efavirenz Atazanavir Emtricitabine Nevirapine Fosamprenavir Lamivudine Indinavir Stavudine Lopinavir/Ritonavir Tenofovir Nelfinavir Zalcitabine Ritonavir Zidovudine Saquinavir How HIV Drugs Work Adverse Drug Effects Mitochondrial Metabolic Hematologic Allergic dysfunction abnormalities complications reactions Lactic acidosis Lipodystrophy Bone marrow Hypersensitivity Fat accumulation suppression reactions Hepatic toxicity Lipoatrophy Skin rashes Pancreatitis Hyperlipidemia/ ? Premature CAD Peripheral neuropathy Hyperglycemia Insulin resistance/DM Bone disorders: oesteoporosis and osteopenia Medication Side Effects Anorexia Sore/dry/painful mouth Swallowing difficulties Constipation/Diarrhea Nausea/Vomiting/Altered Taste Depression/Tiredness/Lethargy Pathogenesis of Malnutrition in HIV Infection Malnutrition can... √ Contribute to impaired immune response √ Result in more rapid disease progression & shortened survival √ Contribute to increased frequency and severity of infections √ Result in fatigue, loss of appetite, sense of taste and smell, and decreased quality of life √ Decrease tolerance to therapy and lessen medication efficacy Weight Loss: Independent Predictor of Mortality Weight loss and wasting have been predominant features of HIV disease progression since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and have long been established as strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with HIV. Several studies in the pre-HAART era showed that HIV-related wasting was strongly associated with more rapid disease progression and increased mortality in HIV-infected patients. With the advent of HAART and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, many AIDS-defining illnesses that were previously frequent are now rarely seen in successfully treated patients. So the prevalence of HIV-related wasting syndrome has greatly diminished ; however, several studies have concluded that patients treated with HAART were still at risk for wasting. Wanke et al. found that ~1/3 of HIV-infected patients in the NFHL study who were treated with HAART were still at risk for wasting. Thus weight loss, regardless of treatment status, remains a strong predictor of death. 'The Wasting Syndrome' The wasting syndrome is defined as weight loss >10% of baseline body weight with chronic fever, weakness, or diarrhea in the absence of other related illnesses contributing to the weight loss. 'unexplained weight loss' believed to be due to the HIV virus The wasting syndrome is so common in HIV infection that it is classified according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC 1987) as a diagnostic indicator of AIDS. Pathophysiology AIDS Wasting Oxidative Stress Micronutrient Deficiency Intestinal Parasites Malabsorption/ Opportunistic Immune Function Dysphagia Infection HIV Pro-inflammatory Dietary Intake Anorexia Cytokines (TNF alpha) Negative Energy Metabolic Rate Balance Endocrine Disorder Fat Loss Skeletal Protein Breakdown Protein Loss J AIDS 1988 Potential Mechanisms of AIDS Wasting 1) Increased energy expenditure 2) Decreased energy intake 3) Altered metabolism 4) Hormonal Alterations Energy Expenditure A review of the literature shows: Increased REE depending on the stage of immunodeficiency (denoted by the CD4 count) and the presence of active infections—measured by indirect calorimetry. Elevated REE in asymptomatic subjects A direct relationship between REE and plasma HIV viral burden Compared with healthy controls, pts with AIDS and active infections had a 34% increase in BMR; stable pts with AIDS were found to have 21% increase. Melchior JC, et al, Mulligan et al Calculating Energy Needs BWH standard is BMR x AF x SF + weight gain (if applicable) Injury/Stress Factors: HIV = 8-15% AIDS = 20-30% AIDS with secondary infection = 30% Protein: 1.2 – 1.8g/kg (depending on clinical status) Nutritional Problems Decreased appetite may result from fever, pain, fatigue, emotional stress, and altered sensations of taste and smell due to medication side effects. Lactose intolerance is an early effect of HIV on the intestinal tract due to the loss of lactase. The HIV infection changes the structure of the gut wall, resulting in a decreased lactase level. Intolerance results in fermentation causing abdominal cramping and a bloated feeling. Oral Lesions, caused by Candida albicans, herpes, or Kaposi's sarcoma can make chewing and swallowing difficult and painful. Nutrional Problems (cont) Diarrhea and malabsorption can result from direct HIV infection in the intestine but are more often caused by other pathogens such as bacteria, Crytosporidium, or herpes simplex that take advantage of the depressed immune system. Medications can interfere with eating by causing GI discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and altered taste Depression often leads to isolation, apathy, neglect of self-care, and diminished appetite – all which can affect immunocompetence Socioeconomic factors play an important role in whether the patient can afford adequate and nutritious food. Altered Metabolism Early studies documented weight loss and protein depletion in untreated patients The application of HAART has led to a decreased incidence of malnutrition Syndrome of altered body fat distribution has emerged (lipodystrophy) associated with PIs Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance are commonly seen in patients treated with HAART therapy. HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Hyperlipidemia Insulin resistance Fat Fat accumulation atrophy What Causes Lipodystrophy? Syndrome most likely has a multi-factorial etiology Most patients who have lipodystrophy started noticing symptoms while they were on triple-drug therapy. Lipodystrophy was first reported among patients taking combinations of drugs that included a protease inhibitor (PI). There are also some patients who have experienced one or more symptoms of lipodystrophy without taking any anti-HIV drugs at all. It's still not clear what role these anti-HIV drugs play in the development of lipodystrophy. What does Lipodystrophy look like? Hormonal Factors Testosterone deficiency: Testostereone levels have been found to be markedly reduced in some HIV-infected patients and a reduction in free serum testosterone levels correlates closely with loss of BCM. Growth hormone resistance or deficiency: Many HIV-infected patients with hypogonadism or malnutrition display functional GH resistance. Anabolic/Anti-catabolic agent Important in maintaining protein balance and muscle mass Nutritional Supplements in HIV Infection to counteract AIDS Wasting •MVI •Glutamine •Carnitine •Appetite Stimulant •Hormone Therapy •Resistance Training Role of Micronutrients in the Pathogenesis of HIV infection Micronutrients play important roles in maintaining immune function and neutralizing the reactive oxygen intermediates produced by activated macrophages and neutrophils in their response to microorganism Micronutrient deficiencies are common among HIV infected persons. Micronutrient deficiency has been associated with further immunopression, oxidative stress, subsequent acceleration of HIV replication and CD4+ T-cell depletion. (semba) Fawzi et al. Study: Randomized controlled trial of multivitamin supplementation among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania. Subjects: n=1078, 2 yr study Method: Compared supplementation consisting of multivitamins alone, vitamin A alone, or both with placebo Results: Women who were randomly assigned to receive multivitamin supplementation were less likely to have progression to advance stages of HIV disease, had better preservation of CD4+ T-cell counts and lower viral loads had lower HIV-related morbidity and mortality rates Vitamin A appeared to reduce the effect of multivitamins and, when given alone, had some negative effects Conclusion: Multivitamin supplementation could reduce the risk of or delay HIV-associated disease and mortality. New England Journal Medicine, 2004 Glutamine Application in HIV/AIDS Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is considered a conditionally essential amino acid during periods of catabolism. During periods of increased metabolic stress, glutamine is released freely from the skeletal muscle, and intracellular glutamine concentrations fall by more than 50% Increased de novo synthesis of glutamine in the skeletal muscle often results in muscle-wasting syndrome Glutamine synthesis cannot keep up with the higher requirements during stress. Individuals deficient in glutamine manifest changes in gut morphology including increased membrane permeabilitiy resulting in bacterial translocation, malabsorption, and diarrhea Lack of support to immunocytes and fibroblasts cause immunosuppression and impaired wound healing Glutamine Application in HIV/AIDS (cont…) Data suggest that glutamine supplementation offers the potential to limit skeletal muscle wasting, reduce diarrhea and malabsorption, enhance immune host defense, and reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection and AIDS Shabert J et al. Med Hypotheses. 1996;46:252-256 Glutamine: ↑body BCM in AIDS patients with Weight Loss Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial N=26 patients with >5% weight loss since disease onset Subjects received GLN-antioxidants (40g/d) in divided doses or glycine (40g/d) as the placebo for 12 wks. Result: Over 3 mos, the GLN-antioxidant group gained 2.2kg in body weight (3.2%), whereas the control group gained 0.3kg (0.4%) P=0.04 for difference between groups. The GLN-antioxidant group gained 1.8kg in body cell mass, whereas the control group gained 0.4kg (P=0.007.) Intracellular water increased in the GLN-antioxidant group but not in the control group. In conclusion, GLN-antioxidant supplementation can increase body weight, body cell mass, and intracellular water when compared with placebo supplementation. Shabert J, Winslow C. et al. Nutrition 1999;15:860-864 L-Carnitine in HIV Infection Carnitine is a conditionally essential amino acid found predominantly in red meat. It is also found in milk (human and cow's), pork, lamb, tempeh, and supplements. It is conditionally essential because the body can make it from lysine and methionine with assistance from Vitamin C and other compounds produced in the body. Carnitine is synthesized in the Kidney and stored in the muscles. Carnitine's function is to shuttle long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria to be utilized as fuel. HIV/AIDS is a risk factor for carnitine deficiency Carnitine cont'd (Morretti, et al.) Small study (n=11), Italy Pt's refusing ART, normal Carnitine levels, stable weight, declining CD4 counts, asymptomatic 6 g intravenous Carnitine Qday times 150 days By second week, all subjects report increased feeling of well-being CD4 cell counts significantly increased by day 90 and 150, but there was an evident (non-significant) positive trend at day 15 and 30 compared to baseline. Overall upward trend in CD8 cell counts as well Only moderate changes in plasma viral load No toxicity was reported at this level Authors conclude that carnitine targets immune system rather than virus Authors propose possibility that carnitine's antiapoptotic effect could be due to antioxidant activity Morretti, et al. Effect of L-Carnitine on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection-Associated Apoptosis: A Pilot Study, Blood, Vol 91, No. 10, May 15, 1998: pp 3817-3824 Appetite Stimulant: Dronabinol Derived from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (major active component of Marijuana) Useful in decreasing nausea and increasing appetite Insignificant gains or even loss of total BW May induce central nervous system events such as anxiety, confusion, emotional lability and hallucinations, possibly addictive. Treatment Guidelines for HIV Associated Wasting, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, April 2000 Appetite Stimulant: Megestrol Acetate (Megace) A synthetic derivative of the natural steroid hormone, progesterone. Improved appetite in a number of studies Takes two weeks for effect. Considerable increases in BW, although mostly in body fat May be due to testosterone lowering effect, not reversed by supplementation w/testosterone May induce or exacerbate DM, cause adrenal insufficiency when abruptly discontinued after long-term use Treatment Guidelines for HIV Associated Wasting, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, April 2000 Testosterone & Testosterone Analogues About half of men with advanced HIV have androgen deficiency. May contribute to muscle wasting. May be due to effects of undernutrition, chronic illness, or medications such as Megesterol acetate's effect on gonadotropin secretion. 25% have primary hypogondadism most often idiopathic but may be due to OI, malignant infiltration of testes, or testicular effects of HIV infection or medication. Most studies have shown IM testosterone supplementation to result in wt gain, increased LBM, overall feeling of well-being. Studies of testosterone analogues show varied efficacy in improving nutritional status but may carry risks for hepatic toxic effects: Nandrolone decanoate 100mg/mL IM q 2wks = increased BW, LBM and quality of life. Oxymethalone 150 mg/day found to have similar results Testosterone cypionate 200mg IM q 2wks for 3 mos, no result except for increased quality of life. Treatment Guidelines for HIV Associated Wasting, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, April 2000 Growth Hormone AIDS pts may be growth hormone resistant. In studies of GH in AIDS pts, doses used are significantly higher than those required for replacement. GH has been shown to increase LBM and protein synthesis and reduce urinary nitrogen excretion. GH costs ~$18,000/yr but Medicaid has approved reimbursement, making this therapy more accessible. Short-term use of growth hormone (12 wks) has effects on wt gain that persist after therapy is discontinued. Using GH for short periods when required, rather than as continuous therapy will minimize costs while maximizing patient nutritional status. Indicated for use when all other methods have failed and pt has normal testosterone levels or on replacement testosterone for at least 4-6 wks. Contraindicated if pt has malignancy Treatment Guidelines for HIV Associated Wasting, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, April 2000 Resistance Training Supervised exercise training is a promising anabolic strategy for pts with AIDS. Studies of exercise training have shown increased muscle function, wt gain, strength, LBM. Effects of resistance training alone in AIDS wasting pts remains unknown. However, use of resistance training with testosterone and oxandralone has been shown to be effective in AIDS pts with AIDS wasting. Journal of the American Medical Association, April 14 199, Volume 281(14), pp 1282-1290. The New England Journal of Medicine, June 3 1999 Resistance Training (cont) Strawford, et al studied 24 eugonadal men with HIV associated wt loss. All subjects received supervised progressive resistance exercise with physiologic IM testosterone replacement 100 mg/wk to suppress endogenous testosterone for 8 weeks. Randomization was between anabolic steroid, oxandralone, 20 mg/day and placebo. Measured: LBM, nitrogen balance (10d met ward measure), body wt, muscle strength, and androgen status Result: 22 completed the study (11per group). Both showed sig increase in N retention, LBM, wt, and strength. The mean gains were sig greater in oxandrolone group than in placebo, greater strength gains for upper/lower body muscle groups by max wt lifted, and dynomometry. Mean HDL cholesterol dropped sig in oxandrolone group. Protease inhibitors made no difference in outcome. Conclusion: moderate androgen regimen (with oxandrolone) substantially increased lean tissue, strength gains from PRE, compared to testosterone replacement alone. Journal of the American Medical Association, April 14 1999 Summary HIV/AIDS remains an epidemic worldwide Malnutrition is a complication in HIV related morbidity and mortality Weight loss is an independent predictor of mortality Despite HAART, patients remain at risk for AIDS wasting syndrome Contributors of AIDS wasting syndrome include increased energy expenditure, decreased energy intake, altered metabolism, and hormonal factors Multivitamin supplementation could reduce the risk of or delay HIV-associated disease and mortality. Data suggest glutamine supplementation may help limit skeletal muscle wasting and increase BCM in patients with weight loss Summary (cont) Pts have been found to be deficient in Carnitine, may benefit from supplementation since it may have antiapoptic effect through antioxidant activity. Appetite Stimulants may result in wt gain, but mostly in fat and may also have some negative side effects. Testosterone deficiency may lead to wasting, supplementation may be beneficial leading to improved sense of well being, strength, etc, however Testosterone analogues may be hepatotoxic. Correction of Growth Hormone resistance may help reverse wasting, but it is a costly intervention if pt does not have Medicaid. Short term use has been shown to be beneficial. Resistance training has been shown to increase wt and LBM, but one study found that training plus oxandralone was most beneficial. Discussion Questions? References Semba RD, Tang AM. Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Nutrition 1999;81:181-9. Fawzi WW, Msamanga GI, Spiegelman D, et al. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplements and HIV disease progression and mortality. N Engl J Medicine 2004;351:23-32. Melchior JC, Niyongabo T, Henzel D, et al. Malnutrition and wasting, immunodepression, and chronic inflammation as independent predictors of survival in HIV-infected patients. Nutrition 1999; 15:865-9 Suttmann U, Ockenga J, Selberg O, et al. Incidence and prognostic value of malnutrition and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndrome Hum Retrovirol 1995;8:239-46. Silva M. Skolnik PR, Gorbach Sl, et al. The effect of protease inhibitors on weight and body composition n HIV-infected patients. AIDS 1998; 12:1645-51. Wanke CA, Silva M, Knox TA, et al. Weight loss and wasting remain common complications in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:803-5 Tang, Alice M. et al. Weight loss and survival in HIV-Positive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS 2002;31:230-236 Mittendorfer B, Gore D, Herndon D, et al. Accelerated glutamine synthesis in critically ill patients cannot maintain normal intramuscular free glutamine concentration. J Parenter Enteral Nutri. 1999;23:243-252. References Kotler, Donald P. Nutritional Alterations Associated with HIV infection. JAIDS 2000;25:81-87 Ott M, Lambke B, Fischer H, et al. Early changes of body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: tetrapolar body impedance analysis indicates significant malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:15-19 Melchior JC, Salmon D, Rigaud D, et al. Resting energy expenditure is increased in stable, malnourished HIV-infected patients. AM J Clin Nutr 1991;53:437-41 Rivera S, Briggs W, Qian D, et al. HIV RNA levels correlate with prior weight loss. Mulligan k, Tai VW, Schambelan M. Energy expenditure in human immunodeficiency virus infection. N engl J Med 1997; 336:70-1. HIV Prevalence in the United States, 2000. 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, Wash., Feb. 24-28, 2002. Abstract 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV and AIDS - United States, 1981-2001. MMWR 2001;50:430-434.4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV Prevention Strategic Plan Through 2005. January 2001.5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2002;14:1-40. Gerrior, Jul. Nutritional Challenges in HIV Infection. Tufts University School of Medicine Nutrition Infection Unit References Morretti, et al. Effect of L-Carnitine on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection-Associated Apoptosis: A Pilot Study, Blood, Vol 91, No. 10, May 15, 1998: pp 3817-3824 Treatment Guidelines for HIV Associated Wasting, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, April 2000, Volume 75(4), pp 386-394. Drug Therapy: Treatments for Wasting in Patients with the Acquired Immunodefeciency Syndrome, The New England Journal of Medicine, June 3 1999, Volume 340(22), pp 1740-50. Strawford, et al. Resistance Exercise and Supraphisilogic Androgen Thearpy in Eugonadal Men with HIV-Related Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of the American Medical Association, April 14 1999, Volume 281(14), pp 1282-1290. Shabert J, Winslow C, Lacey JM. Wilmore DW. Glutamine-antioxidant supplementation increases body cell mass in AIDS patients with weight loss: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Nutrition 1999;15:860-864. Shabert JK, Wilmore DW. Glutamine deficiency as a cause of human immunodeficiency virus wasting. Med Hypotheses 1996;46:252-256.
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118 W Clemens St, Cuba City, WI 53807
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Some of the updates within the last 6 years are: central air, furnace, roof, water heater, and remodeling. Bring offer.
What I love about the homeEverything we need is on the first level. The open floor plan and wrap around deck is great for entertaining. Plenty of closet space and storage. The garage is large enough for your toys and work area. Cuba City is the perfect location ~ 10 to 20 minutes from Platteville, WI, Galena IL and Dubuque, IA
- Lot: 7,405 sqft
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- Cooling: Central
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- Parking: Garage - Detached, Off street
- RV Parking
- Unfinished basement
Appliances Included
- Dishwasher
- Microwave
- Range / Oven
- Refrigerator
- Washer
Room Types
- Laundry room
- Office
- Pantry
- Workshop
- Exterior material: Metal, Vinyl
- Roof type: Shake Shingle
- Room count: 8
- Stories: 2
- Structure type: Other
- Floor size: 1,612 sqft
- Heating: Gas
- Last remodel year: 2012
- Laundry: In Unit
- Zillow Home ID: 2110809844
Zestimate Details
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Neighborhood: 53807
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- 1323 Church Rd3 beds, 1.5 baths
2,270 sqft, 96,267 sqft lot, built in 1985
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Nearby Schools in Cuba City
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K-67.2 mi
K-83.4 mi
9-123.4 mi
Data by GreatSchools.org
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Team U.S.A...... uugghhh!!!
posted at 3/9/2013 12:01 AM EST
Really? Mexico?
Embarrassing guys.
A team of All-Stars against Adrian Gonzalez and.............???.
Nice job R.A Dick. The ALEast is gonna feast on you. Shouldda stayed in the weak NLEast.
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Items tagged with Law-Genre Docs
June 8Like "The Act of Killing," Joshua Oppenheimer's "The Look of Silence" examines the 1965 Indonesian genocide; this time the focus is Adi Rukun, the brother of a victim, who pursues his own mission of truth and reconciliation.
Portraying Young Black Men "with a Background": An Authenticating Audience Reviews "Evolution of a Criminal"February 26"Evolution of a Criminal," with its complex portrait of the filmmaker, offers an good starting point for an audience with lived experience to consider how the media should portray young black men with criminal records.
December 16Chico Colvard–documentary filmmaker, film series curator, and lapsed lawyer–explains how he puts skills acquired during his legal training to work in the documentary world.
"Get Digi With It": AUDIOVISUAL TECHNOLOGY'S CHALLENGE TO RESTRICTIONS ON RECORDING IN PENNSYLVANIA PRISONSOctober 21The PA Department of Corrections' nearly complete ban on recording in its facilities by lawyers and the media needs to be reexamined in light of advances in the use of digital audiovisual technology and visual legal advocacy.
When HBO or POV Comes Calling: Defense Counsel's Role in an Observational Documentary of a Criminal ProceedingSeptember 21Supreme Court precedent required that a juvenile offender serving four consecutive terms of LWOP be resentenced. Learn about the role his defense lawyers played in representing him as the subject of the observational documentary "15 to Life."
August 14When social justice collaborations and storytellers are in short supply, visual legal advocates should pursue the promise of i-Docs (Interactive Documentaries) to encourage participation and activism for change.
August 3Having a DIY gallery of stock images of your own making is a sine qua non to teaching and practicing visual legal advocacy. Capturing stills and video footage with the characteristics of street photography in mind will really enrich the collection.
May 12Renowned documentary duo, Chris Hegedus and D.A. Pennebaker, discuss the challenges of and hopes for their latest documentary project, which follows a lawyer fighting for "personhood" rights for chimpanzees.
April 17
How does a documentary filmmaker whose focus is the history of black people's struggle for equality satisfy the conflicting demands of an audience that lived the history and an audience that needs to learn it?
February 20The documentary "Kids for Cash" is as much about the limits of zero tolerance policies and the harms of the school-to-prison pipeline as it is about judicial greed and corruption. Who knew?
January 22A New York appellate court granted summary judgment to HBO and a production company that was developing a reality series about the NYPD's Emergency Services Unit in a case involving excessive use of force.
November 16A closer look reveals that there is more to "The Loving Story" than meets the eye.


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I'm not surprised that there's a company with a product that can change the shape of a girls ass, and that they hired Kim Kardashian to promote it, I'm just surprised that the product isn't hot dogs.
It's actually Sketcher's Shape Ups, the workout shoe designed to tone and firm your thighs and buttocks. Naturally they hired Kim to promote it, and today she and her mom filmed a commercial for them in Santa Monica, because who doesn't want to look like Kim Kardashian from the waist down?
So when they bring this footage to the editor and tell him to make a commercial that will sell shoes to girls, how many times do you think he'll say, "are you fucking kidding me?"
(image source = fame)


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Cobra Starship's "Too Fast for Love" tour rolled into New York City Wednesday night for a sold-out show at the Roseland Ballroom -- the dance-pop group's biggest hometown concert yet. And they came prepared for the occasion.
With help from 3OH!3 (singer Sean Foreman pictured above), Travie McCoy, and I Fight Dragons, Cobra rocked a wild party that had 3,500 fans dancing for hours.
SPIN photographer Jackie Roman was front-and-center at the show, capturing all the mayhem. "It was totally over the top," she says. "The stage and light show was outrageous -- there was a giant boom box as a drum riser and taxidermy wolves shooting green lasers from their eyes!"
Cobra Starship kept feet shuffling with jams like "Hot Mess" and "Good Girls Go Bad," while 3OH!3 busted out "House Party" and "My First Kiss." Travie McCoy, the Gym Class Heroes frontman promoting his debut solo album Lazarus, performed his single "Billionaire."
"The fans -- especially the hormonal teenage girls -- were flipping out," says Roman.
Check out a photo gallery of the "Too Fast for Love" tour here!
Vince Staples is hardly the ingratiating type. "Don't shake my hands unless you passing payment," instructs the redoubtable young'un on "C.M.B.," a paean to ruthlessly mercenary, Randian capitalism. "Keep your salutation / I need my 40 acres." This ice-grilling Left Coaster is more Mack 10 than Myka 9, a verbal marksman who refuses to placate… More »


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Haley Thurston is a resident blogger visiting us from her home turf at The Sublemon.
Art criticism, whether written by professionals or fans, is plagued by nonspecificity and a lack of self-justification. Things are implied to be good or bad, without a very good explanation for why we should consider them good or bad. For example, why is an "unrealistic character" a bad thing? How about "emotional dishonesty" or "implausible scenarios"? How about killing characters to prove seriousness? How about bringing characters back from the dead to please your audience? What about music that's too loud or a scene that's sexually violent? What about something that "celebrates the laborer" or something that is about "the relationship between abstraction and figuration"?
We can look at all of this disagreement, and say that the only common ground is that a quality didn't work for someone, or it did. I think that does people's intuitions a disservice. The fact that the experience of art is subjective is a fact, but for my purposes trivially a fact, the way that the experience of gravity is subjective, but gravity continues to exist whether one is in the Mariana Trench or the ISS. When people describe goodness or "beauty" in art, it seems to fall under five categories:
- A display of skill awed me
- I had a heightened experience
- The work gave me animal pleasure
- It is morally good that this work exists
- The work accurately described reality
I believe it is the confusion of these categories and not the idea of some qualities of artistic goodness being quantifiable or describable that is misguided, and it's a lack of good vocabulary for what art actually does that continues to make these categories so mercilessly tangled.
I'm going to start today with number five, the relationship between realism and artistic goodness, and I'll work my way through the others in subsequent posts. What do we mean when we say a work of art feels real? Emotionally real? Factually real? (Is there a distinction?) The Dardenne Brothers are very, very good at what they do, and so have been any number photographers, documentarians or 17th century portraitists. But those artists don't feel any more artistic or vital, per se, than Picasso or Lord of the Rings. Realism seems to rank about as high as being made more than 100 years ago as far as getting your work of art appreciated goes.
So what are some better words?


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Breast Pumps....help please
I have a Medela Swing (single electric) and Medela Harmony (single manual) and I love them both. They are gentle, and I was always able to get a good amount of milk. I was a SAHM and only used them occasionally, so the singles were great. I will be going back to work FT after this baby though :( so I'm sure I'll be getting a Medela double electric.
Andrea & Chris married 10/22/11. DD 9/11/2010 via c/s. DD 12/10/12 via NUWBAC. DD 7/10/2014 via NUVBAC#2!
I used a Medela Pump In Style Advanced and it has made it thru a lot of use over the course of two children.
Ashley - 9/16/09 - 34 weeks
Erin - 6/26/11 - 39 weeks- NUCB
Grace - 3/7/13 - 39 weeks - NUCB
Birth Doula
Hospital grades are awesome but expensive, unless insurance covers. I exclusively pumped with DD for 18mths and used a Medela pump in style advanced also but I did change out the shields/horns to pumping pals because of larger breasts which made pumping waaay more comfortable. It's really important to get the right size shield so your nipple can move freely in it. Also a hands free pumping bra is key too :) The exclusive pumpers board is amazing! GL!
K 8/16/10(o)(o)Diamond
i used a hospital grade symphony cuz my ins covered it for 3 months then my ins provided a pump in style.
my ins no longer covers hospital grade pumps- too bad cuz i loved that one.
Secondary Infertility- Undecided on next step
yes hands free bra is essential!!!
Secondary Infertility- Undecided on next step
I ended up not registering for one b/c I was having a shower at my work, and that just felt weird to me! LOL. I ended up setting aside a couple of gift cards to purchase the pumps. Definitely check to see what your insurance covers. Even if they'll just cover a manual one, you can get it for free, and a lot of the parts are interchangeable with the electric (at least for Medela) so if nothing else, free parts! :)
Andrea & Chris married 10/22/11. DD 9/11/2010 via c/s. DD 12/10/12 via NUWBAC. DD 7/10/2014 via NUVBAC#2!
I got a playtex pump from a friend and it worked great for me. I used it for 14 months until I changed jobs and they provide a pump for use here. My friend had used the pump as well so it has held up well. Now I use a Medela symphony. Expensive but like I said it is provided by my employer I just had to bring in parts.
I however don't recommend hands free pumping. Yes it is convenient but it does not necessarily help you to maintain your supply. You really should be doing breast compressions to make sure that you are fully emptying all of your milk ducts. You can use the bra to hold the flanges but you should still pump hands on.
Jennifer + Troy 11/3/10
Hunter Robert 5/25/11 9lb 9oz
( . Y . ) Diamond! and still going strong!
I've owned the Lansinoh double electrip pump as well as the Medela Pump in Style Advanced. The Lansinoh worked fine for my first child. I was a SAHM although for a while I had a situation where I had to pump round the clock. It did the trick and I even recommended it to my sister-in-law. However, when I pulled it out to use with my 3rd child, the suction wasn't working. I did the trouble shooting things and emailed the company, but didn't have success. I purchased the Medela after borrowing a friend's. Hers had been used first by a friend who was a working mom, then by her through 3 kids and exclusively pumping about 4 months each, some sister-in-laws, and it's still working fine (Not everyone is comfortable borrowing pumps and it's not necessarily the best thing to do, I just note it here to point out how long those things last, in my experience). I liked using the Medela. The only thing I didn't like is that when you aren't using the hands-free bra, there is no good way to push the "let down" button if your milk lets down before the Advanced feature sets in. But as a whole the unit is quieter than Lansinoh (which beeps with each pump, or used to), and will last a long time.
Also....before purchasing the pump, I read a lot of reviews, especially ones on some of the cheaper brands I was considering. You can find lots of helpful reviews at Amazon.com and Target.com.
I don't think it's weird to register for a pump, either. If someone wants to get it for you they will. If you're comfortable, you can look on eBay. I managed to get a good deal on my Medela on eBay after a few tries at bidding. Good luck!
Erin(34) DH (34) 10-05
J(12-07), L (3-09), J (9-11), A(1-14) #5 due 11-4-15
2 Angels (7-10, mmc @16 w; 8-12, blighted ovum @8w)
If someone will spend that much on a pump then why not register for it...I say go for it...even if they dont...you will get your coupons for your registry items after your due date (this is why I always set my due date a month sooner so they send out the coupons-you can go back and change that date too) and then can buy it yourself with gift cards for a discounted price.
I love my medela double electric backpack....have several friends that use medela doubles also. And I also agree they last a long time.
Had a couple friends who didnt succeed at breastfeeding so they sold theirs in less than a month...its worth checking them out used!
Michael & Renae 8-13-2011...Hunter Lee 2-26-2009...Forgetting the struggles because I have been blessed with the best! Lilee arrived November 17th!


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Scoop: HART OF DIXIE on THE CW - Friday, May 30, 2014
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|Syfy's GEEKS WHO DRINK to Debut Next Month
June 29, 2015
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June 08, 2015
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December 18, 2014
|VIDEO: Sneak Peek - New Season of The CW's HART OF DIXIE, Premiering 1/9
December 16, 2014
|Related: THE CW, Scoop, HART OF DIXIE
MAKING AMENDS - After spending the summer in New York City, Zoe (Rachel Bilson) is ready to make her move more permanent, but first she must return to BlueBell for one last thing. Upon her return Zoe, discovers that no one in town is very happy to see her, except for Lavon (Cress Williams). Desperate for Brick (Tim Matheson) to give her a good reference, she agrees to help him track down George (Scott Porter) and get him to resurrect the Founders Day parade that has been canceled. Needing to find George quickly, Zoe enlists Lemon's (Jaime King) help but accidentally discovers Lemon is hiding a dirty little secret. Meanwhile, Lemon also devises a plan to help Wade (Wilson Bethel) save face in front of Zoe. Kaitlyn Black also stars. Josh Cooke ("Dexter") guest stars. Bethany Rooney directed the episode written by Leila Gerstein
Rachel Bilson leads a stellar ensemble cast in this fish-out-of-water comedic drama about small-town living, big city attitudes and complicated love triangles. It's been nearly two years since Dr. Zoe Hart (Rachel Bilson) moved to BlueBell, Alabama, and shook up life in this small town. Now Zoe navigates between bad boy Wade Kinsella (Wilson Bethel) and good hearted George Tucker (Scott Porter), while Lemon Breeland (Jaime King) achieves her dream of being a business owner - even if that business is The Rammer Jammer, and her mismatched partner is Wade. Zoe's best friend and landlord, Mayor Lavon Hayes (Cress Williams), has finally gotten over Lemon, finding happiness with AnnaBeth (Kaitlyn Black), complicated by the fact that she is Lemon's best friend. And Zoe's associate, Dr. Brick Breeland (Tim Matheson), pursues love, but his daughters won't endorse his new fiancée. Zoe's love life is still a mess, and she's not sure what the future holds in store for her, but we know it will be juicy and full of fun. Hart Of Dixie is from Bonanza Productions Inc., in association with Fake Empire, Warner Bros. Television and CBS Television Studios with executive producers Leila Gerstein ("Gossip Girl," "Eli Stone"), Josh Schwartz ("Gossip Girl," "Chuck," "The O.C."), Stephanie Savage ("Gossip Girl," "The O.C.") and Len Goldstein.
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Shoe sole
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Des. 185,654 Patented July 7, 1959 United States Patent 0 ice SHOE SOLE Albert Zerkowitz, New York, N.Y.
Application February 25, 1959, Serial No. 54,744
Term of patent 14 years (Cl. D75) Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a shoe sole showing my new design;
I claim: The ornamental design for a shoe sole, as shown and described. 7
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof taken on li 3 3 of i 2; d References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Fig 4 is a transverse sectional view of the same taken on line 44 of Fig. 1.
The dotted line showing is to illustrate the environ- 3:323:25; 3: mental use of the design. 2 236 278 Tousley Mar. 25, 1941
Referenced by
Original Image


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French Open - Marin Cilic webchat transcript
Marin Cilic joined us from Paris to chew the fat about Roland Garros, his heroes, and which current tennis pro would be best at fighting!
Related links
Cilic beat Juan Carlos Ferrero 7-6(4) 6-2 6-3 on Wednesday to reach the third round at Roland Garros.
The 21st seed is ready to answer questions from Eurosport readers ahead of his third-round meeting with ninth seed Juan Martin del Potro, who triumphed 6-7(5) 7-6(3) 6-4 6-4 over Edouard Roger-Vasselin.
Use the link under the photo to send the big-serving Croatian your questions, then join us at 10am UK time (11am CET) on Thursday to find out how he is feeling in Paris.


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Full Option Panoramic Hard Top... More
1994 Mercedes Benz e320 Odometer: 95,600 Paint color: brilliant emerald pearl, Fuel: gas; Transmission: automatic, title status: clean, 6 cylinders, condition: excellent MSRP in 1994 $80,895. 1994 Mercedes-Benz e320 Cabriolet. 95,600 original documented... More
1992 Mercedes-Benz 500SEL Sedan ID# WDBGA51E1NA083179 This car is considered by most to be the flagship of the Mercedes-Benz line-up. This is a very nice example... More
Pedigree Motorcars is proud to offer this 1990 420SEL for sale. For information, contact Ken Baker at 561-866-1601. PRICE REDUCED FOR A FAST SALE! At Pedigree,... More
1st Year Of This Body Style 500SL Two Tops ONLY 45000 Original Miles Immaculate condition Clean CarFax... More
Mercedes-Benz 1995 E320 cabriolet, documented one-owner 30K-mile AZ car, imperial red with parchment leather, pristine condition, 414-852-8622, WI; for more information and photos, go... More


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Nick Cannon says he couldn't forgive ex-girlfriend Kim Kardashian for sex tape lie
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Nick Cannon has opened up about his brief romance with Kim Kardashian, revealing that he broke up with the reality star after she lied about her sex tape with singer Ray J.
RELATED: Nick Cannon on Mariah Carey's diva status
The "America's Got Talent" host began dating Kardashian in September 2006, but the couple split only four months later, and Cannon claims he ended the relationship because she wasn't straight with him about her raunchy past.
Cannon, who is now married to Mariah Carey, told Howard Stern, "This was my issue. We talked about this tape. ... And she told me there was no tape. If she might have been honest with me, I might have tried to hold her down (stay with her) and be like, 'That was before me' -- because she is a great girl. She's actually one of the nicest people you'll ever meet. But the fact that she lied and told me that there was no tape, (I couldn't get over it)."
Although they've since patched up their differences, Cannon says he's still convinced the beauty, who is currently dating Kanye West, helped to leak the footage in 2007 to raise her celebrity status.
He adds, "I still think she might have even had a part to play with (its release)."
RELATED: Mariah Carey posts new pics of twins
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Leading the market & understanding your issues & protecting your inspiration & acting internationally, while thinking locally & complete confidence & that's IP with Bird & Bird
"Heavily involved in the preparations for the Unified Patent Court, no firm is better placed for the new regime soon to be ushered in in Europe"IAM Patent 1000 2015
Bird & Bird has been at the forefront of IP for more than 100 years. This experience, quality of our work and passion for innovation differentiates our International Intellectual Property Group.
With over 300 highly specialised lawyers in 27 offices, we have one of the most respected intellectual property teams in the world. While our clients include some of the world's leading brand names, we are also committed to helping small and medium businesses protect their valuable intellectual property.
Commercial awareness is key in a constantly evolving marketplace. We are recognised as thought leaders in IP; we take a cutting edge approach and provide tailor-made IP strategies that drive competitive advantage. Whenever there is innovation in an industry, we follow it.
It's this reputation that has seen us involved in a number of ground-breaking decisions for our clients, across the full spectrum of our IP offering.
Our key areas of expertise include:
Heads of Group: Christian Harmsen in Düsseldorf and Morag Macdonald in London.
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Legal 500 EMEA 2014
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The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has held that the offer for sale or targeted advertising of a copyright work may fall within the distribution right under Article 4(1) of the Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC). (Article 4(1))
The Intellectual Property Enterprise Court (IPEC) has assessed damages in a design right infringement action in relation to unregistered EU and UK design rights
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has rejected challenges made by Spain to the legitimacy of the EU legislation for the unitary patent.
Bird & Bird has achieved a number of impressive accolades in the 2015 edition of the Who's Who Legal 100 guide.
Our firm was named Law firm of the Year for Technology, Media and Telecommunications; Law firm of the Year for Sport; Law firm of the Year for Patents and Law firm of the Year for Life Sciences- Patent Litigation.
Overall in Chamber Europe 2015 we achieved 89 firm rankings for our offices across Europe, and 151 lawyer rankings, 15 of which were new for this edition. Overall in Chamber Europe 2015 we achieved 89 firm rankings for our offices across Europe, and 151 lawyer rankings, 15 of which were new for this edition.
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RT @TechBirdNL: On my way to Osaka for a UPC roadshow in Japan!
RT @TechBirdNL: Italy has informed the European Commission that it joins the Unitary Patent. Good for protection and renewal fees! http://t…
IP Partner Wouter Pors on the EPO endorsement of the 'True' Top 4 model for unitary patent renewal fees http://t.co/9agsT2H1Hz
The Select Committee has today agreed on the True Top 4 proposal for unitary patent fees. http://t.co/BoGAK3VbCL
Well done @twobirdsIP's Ulrike Grübler 'rising IP star' and Morag Macdonald 'best in patents' https://t.co/gfPFuqIlHX
RT @ManagingIP: Congrats to all the winners at last night's Women In Business Law Awards! http://t.co/mqLt5JWhV4 @twobirdsIP @HoganLovells…