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What is the molecular structure and molecular weight of iron dextran?
- Posted:
- 22 Jan 2010 by Peaceogboso
- Topics:
- iron dextran, weight
Answers (1)
2 Feb 2010
Try these sites.
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00893 - no structure available
Further Information
- Iron Dextran Information for Consumers
- Iron Dextran Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Iron Dextran (detailed)
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Washington's support for Yemen's former dictatorship — and of Saudi efforts to sideline the country's nonviolent pro-democracy movement — helped create the current crisis.
Regions / Saudi Arabia
Unification of the Middle East, though not a caliphate, would be ideal, but unity would be a step in the right direction.
The Saudi-led coalition intervening in Yemen has more in common with 19th-century Europe than the 21st-century Middle East.
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The Saudi intervention in Yemen perpetuates the lawlessness of the so-called "War on Terror."
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Ideological affinity makes it difficult for Saudi Arabia to distance itself from the Islamic State.
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These are of interest to the WLUG. Of course, [there are others|http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/switching/wccp/protocol.shtml].


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Rangers unlikely to acquire Darren Oliver from Blue Jays
Jan 10, 2013, 8:40 PM EDT
We heard last week that Darren Oliver wanted a raise from the Blue Jays or a trade to the Rangers to be coaxed to come back for his 20th season in the majors, but nobody is blinking yet.
T.R. Sullivan of MLB.com reports that while the Rangers have talked with the Blue Jays about possibly acquiring Oliver, a deal is unlikely to happen. Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulous reiterated earlier this week that the team would be thrilled to have him back on his $3 million option for 2013, but are currently working under the assumption that he will retire.
"We'd love to have Darren back," Anthopoulos said. "We'd love to have him back at any point. If he calls tomorrow, thrilled. If he calls two days before Spring Training, thrilling."
Oliver, who turned 42 in October, is coming off a career-best 2.02 ERA over 62 appearances in 2012. He has a 2.88 ERA over the last seven seasons.
- cur68 - Jan 10, 2013 at 8:51 PM
Hey, the Beav did their charity work already. No need to do so for millionaire ballplayer and Darren Oliver, much as I like the guy, agreed to his contract; any more than expecting him to retire or honour his contract is gift giving and there are frankly far more worthy causes to which AA and Co. give to.
- dondada10 - Jan 10, 2013 at 8:59 PM
Might as well trade him, then.
- cur68 - Jan 10, 2013 at 9:05 PM
Might be simpler to let him retire. If you can't him throwing out of your tent, best not have him throwing into it, see? I can't imagine the Beav would want anyone more at this point, unless it was Michael Morse for 1B and I don't see that as a necessity.
- dondada10 - Jan 10, 2013 at 9:08 PM
Sure, but a year of Darren Oliver on the cheap (IDK if he'd want a raise from Texas, as well) is a good trade chip. Go out and get a B prospect for him. Beats let him retire.
- Mark - Jan 10, 2013 at 9:36 PM
No, you're not going to get anything of value for him. The entire world knows he's not coming back to Toronto. Which means they have no leverage. Oliver has stated he'll play for the same rate if he goes to Texas, but Toronto must pay him more.
He's one of the better relievers in the game, but that means absolutely nothing in this case, because the entire world knows he isn't going to play for Toronto. So they won't get any prospect of value in return.
And as I pointed out last time this thread popped up, if the Jays flip Oliver to Texas for pennies on the dollar, then they'll regret it because they're going to need to beat Texas at some point if they want to make the playoffs. And giving them Oliver is only going to make that harder to accomplish.
- vox vetus - Jan 11, 2013 at 4:59 AM
i'd love them to send him to tx (my team) but i'd wait him out if i were them.
not sure if there's a d-day for this to end?… where his contract would expire or something else would kick in to require immediate action from one side.
- paperlions - Jan 11, 2013 at 7:42 AM
There is no way they'll get a B prospect for him, but they might be able to get a C+/B- prospect for him, and sometimes those guys turn into solid MLB players. The Cardinals had no leverage when they traded Edmonds to SD. The Cardinals told Edmonds that he wouldn't be starting (I think Ankiel was slated to be the starter that year), and they asked Edmonds where he wanted to go. He said he'd go to a CA team. So they traded Edmonds for Freese, who most considered a non-prospect at the time (and that was before the DUIs and ankle injuries).
So….they can get more than nothing, even in this situation. Toronto does have some leverage, because they can choose to do nothing.
- proudlycanadian - Jan 10, 2013 at 9:18 PM
The Jays are not going to give him to Texas for somebody who is unlikely to be a decent ML player and the Rangers are unlikely to offer anyone decent for a 42 year old pitcher. Oliver's options are limited. Play for the Jays or retire.
The Jays have no desire to help a team that they might face in the playoffs.
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JERUSALEM, Israel -- Before the much-touted resumption of talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority even begin, officials in Ramallah say it's not a done deal.
Nabil Abu Rudeineh, spokesman for P.A. President Mahmoud Abbas, said they've only agreed to talk about whether the talks will resume, the Times of Israel reported, echoing earlier statements by Yasser Abed Rabbo, another spokesman for Abbas.
Rudeineh and Rabbo are the only two P.A officials authorized to speak about U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry's announcement Friday that the two parties agreed to restart talks in Washington next week.
While Israel rejects preconditions, the P.A. said there will be no resumption of talks until Israel agrees on the pre-1967 (1948 armistice) lines, issues a construction freeze for all communities outside those lines, and agrees to release between 80 and 104 long-term prisoners convicted and sentenced prior to the Oslo Accords.
Israel, PA to Meet; PM Vows Referendum
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e-Journal Earth Science India, Vol. I (II), pp. 46-57 http://www.earthscienceindia.info/ Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton, India: Its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup 1 2 O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal 1 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India 2 5-82/A, Vivekanand Nagar, Street No.8, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500 007, India Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Regional scale variation of the nature of geological units across the earliest evolved regions of the earth may contain fundamental information about continental evolution. Among the Archean blocks, the Indian shield appears to possess certain unique geotectonic and geodynamical characteristics which provide an opportunity to understand its multi-stage crustal evolution both in space and time. Our study of the south Indian shield reveals segmentation and a secular and progressive lateral zonation of the continental lithosphere around Dharwar nucleus since mid-Archean. However, its cratonic nucleus seems to have ultimately broken due to successive crustal remobilization and foundering of the rheologically and tectonically weak Archean lithosphere. Such weakness were caused by (i) episodic plume induced tectonothermal events since 2.7 Ga, and (ii) asthenospheric convective processes associated with a new rifting phase triggered by Marion plume activity along the India's western margin at about 90 Ma. The Antongil block of northeast Madagascar seems to correspond to the broken segment of the western Dharwar craton. Introduction The Indian subcontinent with its dynamic history since Late Archaeans forms one of the most deformed regions among the stable areas of the earth (Pandey and Negi, 1987; Pandey et al., 1996, 2002; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999; Pandey and Agrawal, 2001; Agrawal and Pandey, 2004). It exhibits a variety of geological features formed at different times by different geotectonic processes. It is considered unique in several ways, viz. it has been associated with (i) highest rate of mobility (~20 cm /yr.) in the past during 80-53 Ma, (ii) warm and thin lithosphere (~ 105 km on an average), (iii) episodically active rift systems since 1.5 Ga, (iv) several continental breakups, and (v) large basaltic outpourings (McA. Powell, 1979; Negi et al., 1986, 1992; Naqvi and Rogers, 1987; Rogers and Callahan, 1987; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999 etc.). It contains several cratonic blocks (Dharwar, Singhbhum, Aravalli, Bastar, Bundelkhand) , characterized by differing style of evolutionary patterns and surrounded by geotectonically weak early to mid-Proterozoic mobile belts and rift systems like Godavari and Mahanadi grabens and Narmada - Son Lineament (NSL) (Fig.1). In the present work, an attempt is made to synthesize different stages of crustal development around the Archean Dharwar nucleus (South India), its segmentation and subsequent breakup which seems to have played an important role in the crustal development of the east Gondwanaland. Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx Fig.1: Geotectonic subdivision of the Indian shield along with the location of Archean-Proterozoic cratonic blocks and major graben structures. NSL: Narmada-Son Lineament; WDC: Western Dharwar craton; EDC: Eastern Dharwar craton and SGT: Southern granulite terrain Geological Characteristics The structural, tectonic and geologic patterns among some of the segments of east Gondwanaland are shown in Fig. 2, which reveals a systematic and progressive lateral crustal zonation from Zone I to Zone IV around the mid-Archean Dharwar cratonic nucleus. By and large, a broad similarity between the rock types of south India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and east Antarctica is fairly evident. Zone I: Cratonic nucleus This region corresponds to an elliptical mid to Late Archean nucleus situated in the western part of the craton. It is made up of thin primordial basic crust, over which lies vast exposures of probably the oldest and extensively developed greenstone schist belts (3.0–3.4 Ga), granitic and gneissic core, characterised by low temperature metamorphism. This is quite in contrast to those found in the surrounding regions. Most of the ages of gneisses are around 3.0 Ga (Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986). The Archean nucleus is covered by Deccan Traps in the north, while in the west; it resembles a passive continental rifted margin. It is now known that until ~90 Ma, India and Madagascar were a single unit in the erstwhile Gondwanaland (Agrawal et al., 1992; Storey et al., 1995; Raval and Veeraswamy, 2003), before they rifted apart to occupy the present positions. We conjecture, that in this rifting process, Dharwar cratonic nucleus was broken, a part of which now forms Antongil cratonic block of the northeast Madagascar (Figs. 2 & 3). This block is also made up of 3.2 Ga migmatitic biotite gneiss (Tucker et al., 1997) to 3.4 Ga old granite (Cohen et al., 1984). Subsequently, it was again intruded by about 2.55 Ga old granitic bodies (Collins, 2000). The entire rock suites of cratonic nucleus of both 47 Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton (India), its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup: O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal India and Madagascar have remained literally unaffected by later Proterozoic events (Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986; Collins, 2000). As expected, the sub-Moho Pn velocity below the Dharwar cratonic nucleus is found to be very high (8.4km/s) (Reddy et al., 2000). Our calculations indicate presence of a relatively thick (~175 km) and cool lithosphere (Moho temperatures ~ 410o C) below this region compared to adjacent regions in the east and south. Fig.2: Lateral crustal zonation pattern around western Dharwar craton nucleus. I: Cratonic nucleii, II: Late Archean – Early Proterozoic crystalline terrain, III: Late Archean – Early Proterozoic granulite terrain, IV: Pan-African metamorphic terrain, 1: granite-gneiss and metamorphic complexes, 2: Godavari graben, 3: Eastern Ghat mobile belt, 4: Mahanadi graben, 5: Lambert rift, 6: Napier complex, 7: Reyner complex, 8: Southern granulite terrain (SGT), 9: Achankovil shear zone, 10: Archean – Early Proterozoic granulites, 11: Archean Dharwar nucleii, 12: Cuddapah basin, 13: Antongil cratonic block, 14: granite-gniess-greenstone block of central Madagascar, 15: Ranotsara shear zone, 16: Pan-African granulites of south Madagascar. Zone II: Late Archean – Early Proterozoic crystalline terrain This zone is comprised of Late Archean – Early to Mid-Proterozoic cratonic growth. In the Indian subcontinent, it covers the eastern part of the Dharwar craton, which is marked by low pressure regional metamorphism and large scale crustal remobilisation. It experienced extensive plume related tectono-thermal magmatic activity at around 2.7- 2.2 Ga, 1.9-1.8 Ga and 1.2-1.1 Ga (Naqvi and Rogers, 1987; Acharya, 1997; Anil Kumar et al., 1993; Jayananda et al., 2000; Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986). It contains abundant calc–alkaline to K- rich granitoids (Harish Kumar et al., 2003), gneisses and metamorphic complexes, besides being extensively intruded by mafic dyke swarms (Murthy, 1995). The last major event (~ 1.1 Ga) which may have been related to a deep mantle plume (Mall et al., 2008), resulted in the emplacement of kimberlites at several places (Anil Kumar et al., 1993). In this region, lithosphere is thinner and Moho warmer compared to that of Dharwar Craton Nucleus. Here, the Pn velocities are much lower at ~ 7.8 km/s (Reddy et al., 2000). Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx On the Madagascar side, this zone is represented by the central region of almost similar age (Late Archean – Proterozoic) Antananarivo and Tsaratanana blocks comprised mainly of greenstones, granites, gneisses and tonalites which were later intruded by Late Proterozoic (~ 500-800 Ma) granites, syenite and gabbros at several places. Fig.3: Juxtaposition of Madagascar and India before breakup and geotectonic correlation. DP: Deccan plateau; KP: Karnataka plateau; M: Moyar shear zone; B: Bhavani shear zone; PC: Palghat-Cauvery shear zone; A: Achankovil shear zone; BS: Betsimisaraka suture zone; I: Itremo lineament; BR: Bongolava-Ranotsara lineament. Zone III: Late Archean – Early Proterozoic granulite terrain This granulitic terrain is characterised by Late Archean- Early Proterozoic metamorphic thermal events. In Antarctica, it is represented by the Napier complex ( Late Archeans or even older; Chetty et al., 2003), while in India, it occurs (i) in the region situated north of the Palghat-Cauvery shear zone ( PC in Fig.3) separating Archean granulites in the north from that of Pan-African granulites in the south, (ii) along eastern Ghat mobile belt, and (iii) granulites situated on both the flanks of the Godavari graben (Rajesham et al., 1993; Ramakrishnan et al., 2003). In the granulitic terrain, situated north of PC shear zone, lithospheric thickness , on an average, is ~ 105 km and the mantle lithosphere is much warmer than the adjacent region of the Dharwar craton in the north. In spite of the inadequacy of the data, there are sufficient indications (Janardhan, 1999; Kroner et al., 1999; Rambeloson, 49 Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton (India), its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup: O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal 1999) to suggest that this zone extends into Madagascar and covers an area immediately north of the Ranotsara shear zone (Fig. 2). Zone IV: Pan-African metamorphic terrain This terrain, criss-crossed by deep-seated faults/shear zones (Figs. 3&4), has undergone extensive high grade regional metamorphism at around 550 ± 30 Ma. It contains granulite – amphibolite facies rocks. In the Indian subcontinent, it is represented by the granulitic terrain occurring south of the Palghat Cauvery ( PC) shear zone (Fig.3) Beneath this terrain, underlying lithosphere is probably thinnest ( ~ 95 km on an average) and warmest compared to any other part of the Dharwar craton. In Madagascar too, it occupies the southern portion lying south of Ranotsara shear zone (Fig. 2). The entire terrain represents mainly P-T conditions of about 7.5 ± 1.5 kb and 850 ± 150o C respectively, with comparable lithologies on a regional scale. Vast areas of east Antarctica (Reyner complex) and Sri Lanka (Wanni, Highland and Vijayan complexes) are covered with similar grade rocks. Fig. 4: Location of major deep-seated faults, taken from the tectonic map prepared by ONGC. DP and KP refer to Deccan and Karnataka plateaus The zonation pattern as described above and shown in Fig. 2, reveals gradual but progressive changes in lithologies around the Archean Dharwar nucleus. Such type of crustal development which started during Middle Archean, continued till the fragmentation of erstwhile Gondwanaland that marked the beginning of a new global plate tectonic era. This new era was extremely dynamic involving extensive plate reorientations and an abrupt increase in spreading rates, besides other important geodynamic events like K-T boundary impact near offshore Mumbai, Deccan and Rajmahal basaltic eruptions and interaction with four mantle plumes. These events completely reshaped the underlying lithosphere (Pandey et al., 1995; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999). This was also the period when the Indian Ocean began to form and the island of Madagascar broke away from greater India. Segmentation and breakup of Dharwar Craton Cratons are usually considered as regions which have exhibited tectonic stability since Late Archean times. They contain relatively cold and thick keels or roots reaching as deep as 450 km (Polet and Anderson, 1995). Going by this definition, it is difficult to contemplate the breakup of any craton specially the old Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx ones like Dharwar craton. However, a number of studies now suggest that Madagascar was attached to greater India till about 90Ma (Storey et al., 1995; Raval and Veeraswamy, 2003) or it may even have been a splitted segment of Archean Dharwar craton (Agrawal et al., 1992). The probable cause for such a breakup is still debatable. However, what is not debatable is that the underlying Indian lithosphere is not quite as same as other stable regions and certainly it did not remain same as it was during the Early Archean times (Negi et al., 1986; Ramesh et al., 1996; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999 ; Priestley et al., 2006 ; Kumar et al., 2007). It has persistently undergone several cycles of tectono-thermal and geodynamic events during the past viz. between 2.7 – 2.2, 1.9-1.8, 1.2- 1.1, 0.85 – 0.5 Ga besides several Phanerozoic events (Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986; Naqvi and Rogers, 1987; Rogers and Callahan, 1987; Anil Kumar et al., 1993; Acharya,1997 ; Jayananda et al., 2000; Harish kumar et al., 2003). The above events were often related to mantle plumes which time and again reactivated, remobilised and ultimately segmented the entire crustal column. Mid to Neo-Proterozoic reactivations were particularly responsible for the development of uplifted plateaus, rift systems and major shear / fault zones within and around the periphery of Dharwar craton which remained episodically active since then. For example, Dharwar craton is now divisible into three distinct geotectonic regions (Fig. 1): Western Dharwar craton (WDC), Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and Southern granulitic terrain (SGT), all of them exhibiting different geological and geophysical characters. Besides these, it also got segmented into two uplifted plateaus: (i) Deccan Plateau (DP) in the north covering a major part of EDC overlain by Deccan Traps and (ii) Karnataka Plateau (KP) in the south encompassing Archean nucleus (WDC), granulite terrain (SGT) and southern part of EDC (Figs.3-5). Deccan traps covered region of EDC exhibits much higher crustal seismic velocities compared to its adjacent region in the south including SGT. Recent GPS studies indicate a fair possibility of relative motion between DP and KP (Catherine, 2001). These two uplifted blocks also have altogether different geological characters. DP almost solely corresponds to Early Proterozoic mobile belt while southern part of the KP is dominated by Pan-African granulites and numerous mega shear/deep-seated fault zones (Figs. 2&4). Except the cratonic nucleus portion, the entire western margin was occupied either by Early Proterozoic mobile belt terrain (Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986) or by late Archean- Pan-African granulite terrain (Fig. 3), before the break up of the Dharwar craton. It appears that in the past, the Betsimisaraka suture zone (BS) of Madagascar (Collins, 2000) may have extended across the Dharwar craton separating DP and KP (Fig. 3). This is well reflected in the patterns of regional uplift (Fig. 5a) and Bouguer gravity images also (Fig. 5b). It seems the past crustal reactivations resulted into large scale influx of volatiles through weak zones, and greater enrichment of radioactive elements in the already lithophilic element rich Indian crust (Rogers and Callahan, 1987). This made Indian lithosphere rheologically weak and warm besides lowering the viscosity of lithospheric mantle (Negi et al., 1986; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999). It also made the Dharwar craton, in the presence of already existing weak zones (Fig.3& 4); vulnerable for breakup in case it was hit by a rising mantle plume. 51 Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton (India), its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup: O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal Fig.5: (a) Approximate boundaries of Deccan and Karnataka plateaus sitting over the uplifted blocks (shown by dots) of south Indian shield (Raval, 1995). (b) Bouguer gravity anomaly shaded relief images (Sreedhara Murthy, 1999) over DP and KP. C: Chennai; M: Mumbai; T: Trivandrum. Effect of Marion Plume interaction At around 90 Ma, the Marion plume did hit this region (Fig. 6). Location for the plume is said to be quite close to the southeastern margin of Madagascar (Curray and Munasinghe, 1991; Storey et al., 1995; Raval, 1999; Raval and Veeraswamy, 2003), which incidentally falls at the cross section of several mega shear zones and mobile belts (Fig. 3). These shear zones which extended below Moho facilitated magma upwelling up to the surface. Numerous dykes and flows of Late Cretaceous age (like St. Mary Island group of volcanics along the western margin , dated at 86 Ma; Pande et al., 2001; Fig.3) bear testimony to this magmatic event. Sudden upwelling of magma triggered the ridge, then active between Africa and Madagascar, jump to the east of Madagascar thereby creating a new rifting phase along the India's western margin (Fig. 6). Asthenospheric convective processes associated with the continental breakup are known to give rise to shallow pseudo- plume (Anderson, 2000). Thus, convective processes associated with this new rifting phase together with the past successive plume related thermal events, appear to have degenerated and sheared the once thick cratonic root beneath this craton (Pandey and Agrawal, 1999) which ultimately resulted into the breakup of the Dharwar craton. Progressively sheared lithospheric mantle was then consumed by the asthenospheric mantle. As a consequence, the Dharwar cratonic root has become much thinner compared to 250-450 km found elsewhere in similar terrain (Polet and Anderson, 1995). As stated earlier, our estimated thickness of the lithosphere beneath western Dharwar craton (WDC), based on available heat flow data, is only about 175 km while the average Indian shield lithosphere is even thinner at ~ 100 km only (Negi et al., 1986; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999; Kumar et al., 2007). Available geophysical data support these estimates. Although there is very little information available for the lithospheric structure beneath Madagascar, its present lithospheric thickness is expected to be around 100-125 km only (Chapman and Pollack, 1977). Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx Fig. 6: Juxtaposition of Madagascar and India before 90 Ma. Star shows the postulated location of Marion Plume (M) before its outburst (Curray and Munasinghe ,1991;Storey et al., 1995; Raval, 1999 ). Circle with dots indicate the possible area of Marion plume influence It is interesting to mention here that based on M – sequence anomalies in the Enderby basin (Antarctica), Royer et al. (1992) argued for a large strike slip motion between India and Madagascar. If it was so, then it might have further desegregated the Dharwar craton prior to its breakup by Marion plume. Geophysical support and inferences The elliptical shaped splitted nucleus of the Dharwar craton (Radhakrishna and Naqvi, 1986) which lies quite close to the western margin (Fig. 7a) is well brought out by the gravity map shown in Fig. 7b. This figure shows modified Bouguer gravity anomaly map of south India contoured at an interval of 50 mgal. Gravity anomalies show an incomplete gravity closure of unusually low magnitude (-50 to – 100 mgal) over the Indian side of the Dharwar craton. The high gradient contours around the continental margin represent rifted and possibly uplifted continental blocks. The magnitude and shape of anomalies on Indian side indicates something unusual about the mantle underneath, as such anomalies usually do not occur in other stable regions of the globe. Further, the accurately determined Moho of 33 to 39 km beneath EDC through receiver function (Gupta, 2003) is identical to that of 33 to 39 km found in central Madagascar (Fourno and Roussel, 1994). There is also one to one correspondence between the long wave length MAGSAT anomalies over India and Madagascar (Agrawal et al., 1992) signifying that the two regions have common deep magnetic properties. Regrettably however, compared to Indian shield, not much geophysical information is available over Madagascar. 53 Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton (India), its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup: O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal Fig.7: Generalised geotectonic patterns of Dharwar craton (Fig. a) based on Radhakrishna and Naqvi (1986). I: Western Dharwar craton nucleus, II: Late Archean-Proterozoic crystalline terrain, III: Southern granulites, IV: Eastern Ghat mobile belt, V: Deccan traps, VI: Cuddapah basin. Corresponding modified Bouguer gravity anomaly map prepared by NGRI (1975) drawn at an interval of 50 mgal is shown in Fig. b. We have attempted to demonstrate that a multi-stage progressive lateral crustal growth took place encircling the Archaean Dharwar nucleus which lasted till the beginning of Gondwana breakup. Besides, we feel that not all the Archean cratonic nuclei remained stable as hitherto believed. Some of them have definitely been affected by past tectonothermal events. For example, the lithospheric keel beneath the Dharwar craton underwent large scale deformation and foundering due to thermal and geodynamic events which segmented the craton and ultimately led to breakup. Remnants of the broken part could be the Antongil block in northeast Madagascar. Our study refutes the idea of cratonic stability of deep continental blocks which in many cases are no longer associated with the ancient old roots (Polet and Anderson, 1995; Pandey and Agrawal, 1999; Kumar et al., 2007). They are liable to deform and break in the environment of extensional tectonism. Apart from Indian cratons, there are several other cases where Archean cratonic roots have been deformed and destroyed due to Proterozoic tectonothermal/Mesozoic – Tertiary geodynamic events, for example, central African, east African, eastern Sino-Korean, Kaapvaal cratons etc. (Polet and Anderson,1995; Griffin et al.,1996, 1998; Prestley et al., 2002). In such areas, the ancient roots have been replaced by hot and thin lithosphere. Acknowledgements: We are extremely thankful to Dr. U. Raval for his valuable suggestions and involvement in this problem and to Mr. V. Subrahmanyam for his help in the preparation of this manuscript. Mr. Shyam Vaidya has traced the figures. The permission accorded by the Director, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, to publish this work is gratefully acknowledged. Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx References Acharya, S.K. (1997) Evolutionary characters of the Gondwanic Indian crust. Indian Minerals, v.51, pp. 1-24. Agrawal, P.K. and Pandey, O.P. (2004) Unusual lithospheric structure and evolutionary pattern of the cratonic segments of the south Indian shield. Earth Planets Space, v. 56, pp. 139-150. Agrawal, P.K., Pandey, O.P. and Negi, J.G. (1992) Madagascar: A continental fragment of the paleo-super Dharwar craton of India. Geology, v. 20, pp. 543- 546. Anderson, D.L. (2000) The thermal state of the upper mantle; no role for mantle plume. Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 27, pp. 3623-3626. Anil Kumar, Padmakumari, V.M., Dayal, A.M., Murthy, D.S.N. and Gopalan, K. (1993) Rb-Sr ages of Proterozoic kimberlites of India: evidence for contemporaneous emplacement. Precamb. Res., v. 62, pp. 227-237. Catherine, J.K. (2001) Crustal deformation studies using global positioning system with particular reference to Indian plate. Ph.D. thesis, Osmania Univ., Hyderabad, India, 144 pp. Chapman, D.S. and Pollack, H.N. (1977) Regional geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Geology, v. 5, pp. 265-268. Chetty, T.R.K., Vijay, P., Narayana, B.L. and Giridhar, G.V. (2003) Structure of the Nagavali shear zone, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt , India : Correlation in the east Gondwana reconstruction. Gondwana Res., v. 6, pp. 215-229. Cohen, L. Snelling, N.J., Delhal, J., Vail, J.R. Bonhomme, M. and Ledent, D. (1984) The geochronology and evolution of Africa. Claredon Press, Oxford, 512 p. Collins, A.S. (2000) The tectonic evolution of Madagascar: Its place in the east African orogen. Gondwana Res., v. 3, pp. 549-552. Curray, J.R. and Munasinghe, T. (1991) Origin of the Rajmahal Traps and the 85oE ridge: Preliminary reconstructions of the trace of the Crozet hotspot. Geology, v. 19, pp. 1237-1240. Fourno, J-P. and Roussel, J. (1994) Imaging of the Moho depth in Madagascar through the inversion of gravity data: geodynamic implications. Terra Nova, v. 6 , pp. 512-519. Griffin, W.L., Zhang, A., O'Reilly, S.Y. and Ryan, C.G. (1996) Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean craton. In: M. Flower, S.L. Chung, C.H. Lo and T.Y. Lee (eds.), Mantle Dynamics and plate interactions in east Asia. Am. Geophys. Un. Geodyn. Ser., no. 27 , pp.107-126. Griffin, W.L., O'Reilly, S.Y., Ryan, C.G., Gaul, O. and Ionov, D.A. (1998) Secular variation in the composition of our continental lithospheric mantle: geophysical and geodynamic implications. In: Braun. J. et al. (eds.), Structure and evolution of the Australian continent, Am. Geophys. Un. Geodyn. Ser., no. 26, pp. 1-26. Gupta, S., Rai, S.S., Prakasam, K.S. and Srinagesh, D. (2003) the nature of the crust in southern India: implications for Precambrian crustal evolution. Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 30, pp. 1419. Harish Kumar, S.B., Jayananda, M., Kano, T., Shadakshara Swamy, N. and Mahabaleswar, B. (2003) Late Archean juvenile magmatic accretion process in the eastern Dharwar craton: Kuppam-Karimangalam area. Mem. J. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 50, pp. 375-408. Janardhan, A.S. (1999) Southern granulite terrain, south of the Palghat- Cauveryshear zone: Implications for India-Madagascar connection. Gondwana Res., v. 2 , pp. 463-469. Jayananda, M., Moyen, J.-F., Martin, H., Peucat, J.-J., Auvrav, B. and Mahabaleswar, B. (2000) Late Archean (2550-2520 Ma) juvenile magmatism in the eastern Dharwar craton: southern India: Constraints from geochronology, Nd-Sr isotopes and whole rock geochemistry. Precamb. Res., v. 99, pp. 225-254. 55 Lateral Zonation around Archean Nucleus of the Dharwar Craton (India), its Deformation, Segmentation and Subsequent Breakup: O.P. Pandey and P.K. Agrawal Kroner, A., Windley, B.F., Jaeckel, P., Collins, A.S., Breuer, T.S, Nemchin, A. and Razakamanana, T. (1999) New Zircon ages for Precambrian granites, gneisses and granulites from central and southern Madagascar: significance for correlations in east Gondwana. Gondwana Res., v. 2, pp. 351-352. Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kumar, M.R., Kind, R., Li, X. and Chadha, R.K. (2007) The rapid drift of Indian tectonic plate. Nature, v. 449, pp. 894-897. Mall, D.M., Pandey, O.P., Chandrakala, K. and Reddy, P.R. (2008) Imprints of a Proterozoic tectonothermal anomaly below the 1.1 Ga kimberlitic province of southwest Cuddapah basin ,Dharwar craton ( southern India) . Geophys . J. Int., v.172, pp. 422-438. McA. Powell,C. (1979) A speculative tectonic history of Pakistan surroundings : some constraints from Indian ocean. In: A. Farah and K.A. de jong (eds), Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geol. Surv. Pakistan. Quetta, pp. 5-24. Murthy, N.G.K. (1995) Proterozoic mafic dykes in southern peninsular India : a review. Mem. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 33, pp. 81-98. Naqvi, S.M. and Rogers, J.J.W. (1987) The Precambrian geology of India, Oxford Univ Press, New York, 223 pp. Negi, J.G., Pandey, O.P. and Agrawal, P.K. (1986) Super-mobility of hot Indian lithosphere. Tectonophysics, v. 131, pp. 147-156. Negi, J.G., Agrawal, P.K., Singh, A.P. and Pandey, O.P. (1992) Bombay gravity high and eruption of Deccan flood basalts (India) from a shallow secondary plume. Tectonophysics, v. 206, pp. 341-350. NGRI (1975) Bouguer gravity anomaly map of India, published by National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007 (India) Pande, K., Seth, H.C. and Bhutani, R. (2001) 40Ar -39Ar age of St. Mary's island volcanics, southern India: Record of India-Madagascar break-up on the Indian subcontinent. Earth planet sci. Lett., v.193, pp. 39-46. Pandey, O.P. and Negi, J.G. (1987) Signals of degeneration of the sub-crustal part of the Indian lithosphere since the break-up of Gondwana land. Phys. Earth Planet. Int., v. 48, pp. 1-4. Pandey, O.P. and Agrawal, P.K. (1999) Lithospheric mantle deformation beneath the Indian cratons. J. Geology, v. 107, pp. 683-692. Pandey, O.P. and Agrawal, P.K. (2001) Nature of lithospheric deformation beneath the western continental margin of India. J. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 57, pp. 497- 505. Pandey, O.P., Agrawal, P.K. and Negi, J.G. (1995) Lithospheric structure beneath Laxmi ridge and late Cretaceous geodynamic events. Geo- Marine Lett., v.15, pp. 85-91. Pandey, O.P., Agrawal, P.K. and Negi, J.G. (1996) Evidence of low density subcrustal underplating beneath western continental region of India and adjacent Arabean Sea: Geodynamical considerations. J. Geodynamics, v. 21, pp. 365-377. Pandey, O.P., Agrawal, P.K. and Chetty, T.R.K. (2002) Unusual lithospheric structure beneath the Hyderabad granitic region, eastern Dharwar craton, south India. Phys. Earth Planet. Int., v. 130, pp. 59-69. Polet, J., Anderson, D.L. (1995) Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies. Geology, v. 23, pp. 205-208. Priestley, K., Debayle, E., Mckenzie, D. and Pilidou, S. (2006) Upper mantle sructure of eastern Asia from multimode surface waveform tomography. J.Geophys. Res., v. 111, B10304, doi:10.1029/2005JB004082,2006. Radhakrishna, B.P. and Naqvi, S.M. (1986) Precambrian continental crust of India and its evolution. J. Geology, v. 94 , pp. 145-166. Rajesham, T., Bhaskar Rao, Y.J. and Murty, K.S. (1993) The Karimnagar granulite terrrain – A new sapphirine bearing granulite provinces, south India. J. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 41 , pp. 51-59. Ramakrishnan, M. (2003) Craton-mobile belt relations in southern granulite terrain. Mem. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 50, 1-24. Advances in Earth Sciences: Series-I, 2009, xxx-xxx Rambeloson. A.R. (1999) Gold in Madagascar. Gondwana Res., v. 2, pp. 423-431. Ramesh, D.S., Bharthur, R.N., Prakasam, K.S., Srinagesh, D., Rai, S.S. and Gaur, V.K. (1996) Predominance of plate motion- related strain in the south Indian shield. Current Sci., v. 70 , pp. 843-847. Raval, U. (1995) Seismicity of Koyna region and regional tectonomagmatism of the western margin (India). Pageoph., v. 145, pp. 175-192. Raval, U. (1999) Some recent geophysical constraints from the central Gondwanaland. PINSA, 65 A, no. 3, pp. 209-260. Raval,.U. and Veeraswamy, K. (2003) India-Madagascar separation: Breakup along a pre-existing mobile belt and chipping of the craton. Gondwana Res., v. 6, pp. 467-485. Reddy, P.R., Chandrakala, K. and Sridhar, A.R. (2000) Crustal velocity structure of the Dharwar craton, India. J. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 55, pp. 381-386. Rogers, J.J.W. and Callahan, E.J. (1987) Radioactivity, heat flow and rifting of the Indian continental crust. J. Geology, v. 95, pp. 829-836. Royer, J.Y., Sclater, J.G., Sandwell, D.T., Cande, S.C., Schlich, R., Munschy, M., Dyment, J., Fisher, R.L., Muller, R.D., Coffin, M.F., Patriat, P. and Bergh, H.W. (1992) Indian Ocean plate reconstructions since the late Jurassic, in: Duncan et al. (eds.), Synthesis of Results from scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Monograph no. 70, American Geophys. Union, pp. 471-475. Sreedhara Murthy, Y. (1999) Images of the gravity field of India and their salient features. J. Geol. Soc. Ind., v. 54, pp. 221-235. Storey, M., Mahoney, J.J., Saunders, A.D., Duncan, R.A., Kelley, S.P. and Coffin, M.F. (1995) Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India. Science, v. 267, pp. 852-855. Tucker, R.D., Ashwal, L.D., Handke, M.J. and Hamilton, M.A. (1997) A geochronologic over view of the Precambrian rocks of Madagascar: A record from the middle Archedan to the late Neoproterozoic. In: Cox, R.M. and Ashwal, L.D. (eds.), Proc. Unesco-IUGS-IGCP-348/368 Int. Field Workshop on Proterozoic Geology of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 16-30 August, 1997. Gond. Res. Gr. Misc. Pub. 5, Field Sci. Publ., Osaka, pp. 99. 57
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A Biblical View of Economics
By Editorial Staff
Published April 24, 2008
What is Meant by the "Work Ethic"?
by Charles Simpson
MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO MOSES said to Israel, "It is He who is giving you power to make wealth, that He may confirm His covenant which He swore to your fathers" (Deuteronomy 8:18, NAS). God gives us the ability to prosper, and that prosperity indicates that He is with us. It also supports His desire to establish His kingdom here on earth.
Work and wealth are valued by God. Increase of resources is confirmation of proper management, proper understanding, and diligent effort. The Bible, inspired by the Holy Spirit, says a great deal about work and wealth. God works (see Genesis 2:2 and Psalm 104:24); Jesus works (see John 5:17; 9:4); the Holy Spirit works (see 1 Corinthians 12:11); mankind works (see Genesis 1:28); apostles work (see 2 Thessalonians 3:8); and we are even told that we should enjoy work (see Ecclesiastes 2:24).
Work and wealth are part of God's plan for us. By looking to the Scriptures we can regain a proper understanding and a fresh view of the work that God has called each of us to do.
The Biblical Work Ethic
The biblical work ethic is God and man laboring together to cause creation to prosper, thus returning abundance to God and man. Biblical gain comes within the framework of mutual benefit to all: God, mankind, and creation itself.
I recently heard a commercial that said, "The promise of America is opportunity, not guarantees." Throughout its history, the United States has been a mecca for people seeking opportunity. It has been said that even those who hate it want to live here. It's not that the country has superior resources, but that it was founded on a superior ethic – a biblical attitude toward morality, work, and wealth. Most of the early officials were managers of farms – entrepreneurs and pioneers with faith.
Whatever opportunities the United States or any other country offers, they are nothing compared to the opportunities that God offers. With Him all things are possible to those who believe. Many people, however, are not being fruitful in their labor, and I believe it is the result of a lack of vision.
Task and Vision
Julius Joske, president and founder of a chain of department stores, once said, "Vision without task is fantasy. Task without vision is drudgery. But vision with task can change the world." People who lose their sense of purpose or vision will eventually lose their motivation to work, their resources, and their identity. How far that is from God's purpose for man! We are created in His image to manage His creation.
Here are several biblical visions for work that will enable us to maintain our motivation and to be fruitful. One, we must see God as the fountainhead of our vocation. Apart from God, we make no sense, and our work makes no sense. We should seek God until He reveals Himself to us and gives us a higher perspective of ourselves and our work.
Two, we should see ourselves as members of the corporation that runs the whole of creation under God Himself (see Psalm 24:1 and Genesis 1:27-28). God does not want to do it all by Himself. As His servants, we are part of His management team. He created mankind to rule over the works of His hands.
Three, we should see ourselves as working with God. We can work for Him, but it's even more wonderful to work with Him. We must see ourselves relying and depending upon the Spirit of God for strength, power, direction, wisdom, or whatever it is we need.
Four, we should see ourselves as important to, and productive in, God's purposes. Whatever our vocation is, it is important to God, our family, our church, and society.
Five, we must believe that it is God's will for us to enjoy the rewards of our labor. God is our master, but He is not stingy or selfish. Prosperity is not sinful, and the successful person should enjoy the fruit of his labor. If we have succeeded, by the grace of God, we should give Him the tithe (one tenth of our earnings), take care of our family, save some seed for future sowing, and enjoy some of the fruit of our labors.
Six, we should see ourselves as givers to the needy. Ephesians 4:28 says, "Let him who steals steal no longer; but rather let him labor, performing with his own hands what is good, in order that he may have something to share with him who has need (NAS)." This verse contains much of the biblical work ethic. Labor should result in our having something to give the needy. This is a major purpose for work and prosperity.
Seven, we should see ourselves as being prepared for an even greater opportunity. Luke 16:10-12 gives us three important principles associated with work: faithful in a little, given much; faithful in money, given spiritual riches; and faithful in another's, given our own. In each of these principles is promotion.
The Bible communicates a message with power that changes the way people live and societies operate. Included in that message is the calling for us not only to work for God, but to work with God.
Charles Simpson is a pastor and Bible teacher based in Mobile, Alabama. He is the author of a Bible study curriculum, God and the Marketplace, which has been translated into Chinese and distributed inside China.
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Schaeffer lists two reasons for evangelical indifference: a false concept of spirituality and fear. He calls on believers to stand against the tyranny and moral chaos that come when humanism reigns-and warns that believers may, at some point, be forced to make the hard choice between obeying God or Caesar. A Christian Manifesto is a thought-provoking and bracing Christian analysis of American culture and the obligation Christians have to engage the culture with the claims of Christ.
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Running Time: 257 minutes
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Click here for more information
Dr. Francis Schaeffer - How Should We Then Live? (DVD)
Special Two-Disc Set!
After 40 years of intense study and world-wide ministry, Dr. Francis Schaeffer completed his crowning work of scholarship – to present profound truths in simple film language. Dr. Schaeffer's brilliant analysis of the past and predictions for current trends have proven so uncannily accurate that this amazing series still feels contemporary almost three decades after its initial release. Ultimately, Schaeffer concludes that man's only hope is a return to God's Biblical absolute, the truth revealed in Christ through the Scriptures.
Available for the first time on DVD, this documentary spectacular also includes intimate in-depth conversations with Francis and Edith Schaeffer. With the on-disc study guide, this presentation forms a unique course of comprehensive study. While this series forms an innovative analysis of the past, this outstanding work is more than history. Each episode focuses on a significant era, yet speaks clearly to 21st-century man with answers for modern problems.
$49.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)
Click here for more information
The Silent Scream (DVD) Eight Languages
"When the lives of the unborn are snuffed out, they often feel pain, pain that is long and agonizing." – President Ronald Reagan to National Religious Broadcasters Convention, January 1981
Ronald Reagan became convinced of this as a result of watching The Silent Scream – a movie he considered so powerful and convicting that he screened it at the White House.
The modern technology of real-time ultrasound now reveals the actual responses of a 12-week old fetus to being aborted. As the unborn child attempts to escape the abortionist's suction curette, her motions can be seen to become desperately agitated and her heart rate doubles. Her mouth opens – as if to scream – but no sound can come out. Her scream doesn't have to remain silent, however … not if you will become her voice. This newly re-mastered version features eight language tracks and two bonus videos.
"… a high technology "Uncle Tom's Cabin" arousing public opinion just as Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 antislavery novel ignited the abolitionist movement." – Sen. Gordon Humphrey, Time Magazine
Languages: English, Spanish, French, South Korean, Chinese, Russian, Portuguese, Japanese
Running Time: 28 minutes
$17.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)
Click here for more information
Abortion Clinic 911 Calls (DVD)
Exposes the Dangers of Abortion to Women!
These shocking eyewitness accounts expose the dangers of abortion not only to unborn children, but to the health and lives women as well. An antidote to the smokescreens of the liberal media, these short clips show what really happens in and around abortion clinics.
Although the content is emotionally gut-wrenching, these videos have been used in church seminars and small groups to educate Christians on the abortion issue and to lead people toward a pro-life position. Contains 2 hours and 40 minutes of materials that can be shown separately.
Watch these pro-life videos on-line.
"These videos helped change my mind from pro-choice to pro-life. Your videos are what did it for me. I will be walking in next year's March For Life in San Francisco." — A. Jackson, California
"I was going to have an abortion until I saw your video. Praise Jesus!"
— M. Drew, YouTube Commenter
$4.95 — ORDER NOW!(We accept all major credit cards and PayPal.)


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Overall (2)
I never thought I would made a poor mistake in buying at Villa Mirage Condos, but I did. Its the worst investment I made in my life. The HOA is the worst. The president is always voted in because is a clique between the neighbors. You better not vote against them. They don't do anything but place flowers by the pool area in the summer. The grounds are horrible. The condo is in a lawsuit and they'll not telling the future buyers. We're were told that we would have a gated community but yet there's no gate leaving us unprotected. There's unfinished empty lots all around us making our place looking like empty landfills. The HOA just simply collects our dues of $135 monthly for doing NOTHING!!! Nothing but dead shrubs, bushes. the HOA refuses to replace dead shrubs because of cost. They just collect. Don't buy here!!! Save your money!!! Watch out for Bennett Schlenberger Realtor...They are thieves...Don't buy at Villa Mirage!!! They are lowering the prices to get you to buy their poorly constructed units. The garages are falling apart. The concrete on the sidewalk are cracking in just 3 years. They don't fix anything. There's no such thing as "Maintenance"...I wish I never bought here...I lost my money...Be smart...Buy somewhere ElSE!!
I own a condo here and it's the worst investment I ever made in my life! The neighbors are nosy. The HOA never hold their meetings and lie and never do anything. There's a pending lawsuit against the original construction company so we have empty lots with unfinished buildings..Its supposed to be gated and it's not. No security. But yet they still collect our 130 monthly dues for doing nothing. I have dead bushes, and no trees for the last 3 year years. They continue to lie to buyers and not tell them there's a pending lawsuit so they can sell the empty units. The Property Management just collects and not take care of the grounds. The garages are falling apart and the concrete are already cracking. Please don't buy here. You will be very sorry just like I am!!!
Colorado Springs
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1999 Plymouth Breeze Q&A
1999 Plymouth Breeze Question: Car misses while driving...help!
My car starts to eratically miss when I drive it. I can drive it for a couple of days without it happening and then I will be driving approximately 40-50 mph and I will be on the gas and the car feels like it is not getting any fuel and it slows down, bucks and miss. If you get off the gas it passes and then starts to run again. No lights or code shows for the problem. Occasionally it will shut off if you stay on the gas pedal. I have had the following parts replaced: throttle position sensor, cam sensor, spark plugs, fuel filter, fuel pump, air filter, checked the EGR valve. The car is still doing the same thing. Does anyone have any suggestions on what I can do. This is getting very expensive not to mention I am starting to be afraid to drive it. - drginlady
2 Answers
Answer 1
Your mentioned just about everything except Ignition Wires. I suggest you replace them and go from there. - Johnny Mopar
Answer 2
I would have the timing belt checked. If you find that it needs to be changed, get the water pump changed too. It will cost about $700.00 to have it done, parts and labor - straightshooter51
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My car died while driving it. The gas gauge was reading empty, though I was sure I had gas. Put more gas in, half tank, and nothing. She cranks but won't turn over. I checked my relays, fuses, powe...
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Vatican spokesman calls the killings 'terrible and dramatic'
Archbishop Warda believes '90 percent of families' are returning to Qaraqosh and Karamlish villages
The Holy Father, say those close to him, is wearing himself out. He should slow down, beginning with at least three weeks off at Castel Gandolfo
He has set essential reforms under way. Cardinal Pell and the other reformers need time to complete their work. What we don't need is another conclave
The extraordinary Synod of Bishops on the family will meet at the Vatican in October
Pope was speaking to coalition of funding agencies coordinated by Congregation for Eastern Churches
Topics in working document include some of the most controversial areas of Church teaching on the family
John the Baptist knew his role was 'to prepare people for an encounter with the Lord," says Francis
The Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith concluded that Bishop Cristian Contreras Molina was innocent
Pope Francis says there are more martyrs today than in pre-Constantine days
The Church teaches that drug abuse is wrong but that doesn't mean we should support the criminalisation of drug users


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We will be closed Saturday 2nd May as we are taking part in Peaty's Steel City Downhill, a local race.
We are providing sponsorship for the event, this year for the Juvenile age category.
About the race.
Since 2011 and raising money to fund trail building and maintenance in the woods ever since. It is a not for profit race with everyone volunteering their time and all proceeds reinvested in the woods making it the biggest little race on the calender.


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The Governor-General, Lt Gen The Rt Hon Sir Jerry Mateparae, and Lady Janine Mateparae, attended and hosted functions in the Bay of Islands and Auckland to mark Waitangi Day 2013.
On Sunday 3 February, Sir Jerry and Lady Janine attended luncheon in at the Duke of Marlborough Hotel in Russell for New Zealand Royal Honours recipients from the Far North. [Images]
On Monday 4 February, Sir Jerry and Lady Janine were welcomed on to Te Tii Marae. [Images]


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