text:
A frameless system for mounting pressure vessels to a structure comprising fiber-reinforced (FRP) brackets and parallel brackets arranged orthogonally at each neck end of one or more pressure vessels. The brackets are stiff to accept inertial loads imposed by the pressure vessels and are flexible enough to permit longitudinal expansion of the pressure vessels. Each bracket preferably has a profile comprising a base, a tubular portion extending from the base and a web extending from the tubular portion. The pressure vessel's neck end is connected to the web through an attachment secured to the web which transfers loads from the pressure vessel into the bracket's web.
1. A system for securing one or more parallel pressure vessels to a structure comprising:
one or more pressure vessels each having two opposing neck ends and having a longitudinal axis;
a pair of fiber-reinforced composite mounting brackets, each bracket being a unitary member having a base adapted for mounting to the structure, each bracket being positioned at each neck end of the one or more pressure vessels and having an axis which extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the pressure vessels; and
neck-mounting means for mounting each pressure vessel's neck end to each bracket, the one or more pressure vessels extending between the brackets so as to space the brackets apart and add structural rigidity to the system.
2. The system of
3. The system of
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
8. The system of
9. The system of
10. The system of
a laterally extending profile for fitting correspondingly into the notch; and
a bore adapted for mounting to the neck end of the pressure vessel,
wherein said body is secured to the web.
11. The system of
12. The system of
13. The system of
14. The system of
a fiber-reinforced composite and unitary beam, the beam having an axis which is adapted to extend perpendicular to the axes of the one or more pressure vessels, and further comprising,
a base adapted for mounting to the structure;
a web extending from the base; and
one or more neck mounting means in the web for receiving and mounting the neck end of each of the one or more pressure vessel so as to transfer load from the neck end of the pressure vessel into the web.
15. The system of
16. A pressure vessel mounting bracket for mounting at least one end of at least one pressure vessel to a structure, each pressure vessel having an axis, the bracket comprising:
a fiber-reinforced composite and unitary beam, the beam having an axis which is adapted to extend perpendicular to the axis of the pressure vessel, and further comprising,
a base adapted for mounting to the structure;
a web extending from the base; and
one or more neck-mounting means in the web for receiving and mounting the neck end of each of the one or more pressure vessel so as to transfer load from the neck end of the pressure vessel into the web.
17. The mounting bracket of
18. The mounting bracket of
19. The mounting bracket of
20. The mounting bracket of
21. The mounting bracket of
a body, the body having
a laterally extending profile for fitting correspondingly into the notch; and
a bore adapted for mounting to the neck end of the pressure vessel,
wherein said body is secured to the web.
22. The mounting bracket of
23. The mounting bracket of
a first half having a semi-circular bore;
a second half having a semi-circular bore so that when the first half and the second half are mated, a circular bore results which is adapted to accept the neck end of the a pressure vessel; and
clamping means so that the first half and second half are urged together to sandwich and frictionally retain the neck end in the attachment.
24. The mounting bracket of
25. The mounting bracket of
one or more locating notches spaced along the beam corresponding to the spacing of the one or more pressure vessels; and for each notch
attachment means adapted for securing to the neck end of a pressure vessel to the web.
26. The mounting bracket of
27. The mounting bracket of
28. A method of mounting one or more pressure vessels to a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing first and second fiber-reinforced composite brackets, each bracket having a base from which a web extends and one or more attachments formed in the web;
mounting a pressure vessel at a first neck end to an attachment of the first bracket and at a second end to an attachment of the second bracket so as to mount the pressure vessels to the brackets and to space the brackets apart so as to create a structurally rigid system; and
mounting the spaced first and second brackets to the structure.
29. The method of
30. The method of
This application is a regular application of U.S. Provisional Patent application Serial No. 60/288,488 filed on May 4, 2001, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to fuel pressure vessel mounting systems and more particularly to roof mounted systems for supporting a plurality of fuel pressure vessels.
The advent of low floor transit vehicles, such as buses, fueled by alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) or hydrogen, has resulted in the need to mount fuel storage in the form of pressurized vessels to the vehicle and preferably on the roof.
Typically, in order to achieve a driving range similar to diesel and to achieve safety standards associated with alternative fuels, a plurality of pressure vessels must be used. In order to reduce the weight of such fuel storage systems, lightweight composite pressure vessels and mounting systems are used.
In order to meet ANSI/AGA NGV2 and CSA B51 certification in both the U.S. and Canada, the mounting systems must be designed to accommodate radial and axial growth of the fuel pressure vessels as a result of pressurization of the pressure vessel and further, must withstand dynamic loading as a result of normal operation and in the event of a crash. The dynamic loads which must be safely restrained in the event of a crash are specified in terms of multiples of gravity. The loading design is dependent on the orientation of the vessel. In Canada, where pressure vessels are typically oriented in the same direction as travel of the vehicle, the design dynamic loading must be at least 20 g in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and 8 g in any other direction. These loads supersede those required for normal operation and are generally more stringent than those imposed in the U.S., where vessels are oriented in the same direction. Further, a maximum allowable deflection of 0.5 inches (12.5 mm) for mounting brackets is required when tested at 8 g. When pressure vessels are mounted crosswise to the direction of travel, such as is the convention in Europe and Japan, the current design crash loads are 100 g in all directions. The standards periodically change.
In 1998, Lincoln Composites (Lincoln, Nebr., U.S.A.), a division of Advanced Technical Products, Inc., disclosed a modular concept for roof mounting utilizing a lightweight truss frame, expandable to accommodate various lengths of pressure vessels. Integration of the modules to the bus roof is accomplished by utilizing mounting brackets that can be relocated along the length of the modules to correspond with the roof "hard points". The modular frame comprises end frames spacing two rails and a plurality of truss-like central frame members running lengthwise in the same direction as the pressure vessels and separating the pressure vessels, thus adding structural rigidity to the frame.
Other frames have been designed to meet safety requirements and weight restrictions. One such known design is that used typically for roof-mounting in low floor buses comprising a frame structure of end members and cross members. The frame has steel straps at two places along each pressure vessel, clamping each pressure vessel into the frame.
In the Lincoln Composites system described above, pressure vessels are positioned with their longitudinal axis oriented in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In other known frames, fuel cells are oriented with their longitudinal axis at 90 degrees to the frame rails and to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The differences in orientation of the pressure vessels are representative of differences in mounting conventions between North America and those in Japan and Europe.
The known mounting systems utilize multiple-component, complete and heavy frames into which pressure vessels are mounted.
Ideally, a roof-top mounting system must be lightweight, able to meet or exceed current safety standards, comprise a minimum of structural elements, allow easy access to one or more fuel pressure vessels or cells and allow mounting of pressure vessels of various sizes.
The present invention obviates the prior art requirement for heavy frames through a combination of a unique lightweight fiber-reinforced (FRP) bracket and incorporation of the fuel vessel as part of the overall structure for supporting the vessel. The brackets are capable of accepting dynamic inertial loads imposed by the vessels under acceleration. Acceleration, unless the context suggests otherwise, includes positive and negative acceleration; negative acceleration also being known as deceleration. While discussed herein in the context of a vehicle upon which the pressure vessels are mounted, the term vehicle is understood to relate to any structure capable of movement. The composite brackets are a lightweight and strong solution to providing a balance between being stiff enough to resist inertial loading yet flexible enough to permit longitudinal expansion of the pressure vessels. Expansion occurs through filling (pressurizing) and emptying cycles and through thermal expansion and contraction.
In one broad aspect of the invention, a system is provided for securing one or more parallel pressure vessels to a structure such as a vehicle. The system comprises one or more pressure vessels each having two opposing neck ends and having a longitudinal axis; a pair of fiber-reinforced composite mounting brackets to which the pressure vessels are mounted, each bracket being a unitary member having a base adapted for mounting to the structure, each bracket being positioned at each neck end of the one or more pressure vessels and having an axis which extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the pressure vessels; and neck-mounting means for mounting each pressure vessel's neck end to each bracket, the one or more pressure vessels extending between the brackets so as to space the brackets apart and add structural rigidity to the system.
The broad system is effectively implemented using a novel bracket comprising a fiber-reinforced composite and unitary beam, the beam having an axis which is adapted to extend perpendicular to the axis of the pressure vessel, and further comprising, a base adapted for mounting to the structure; a web extending from the base, the web receiving an attachment for mounting the neck end of each of the one or more pressure vessel so as to transfer load from the neck end of the pressure vessel into the web. Preferably the web is notched for accepting the attachment, the attachment comprising a body having a laterally extending profile for fitting correspondingly into the notch and a bore adapted for mounting to the neck end of the pressure vessel; the body being secured to the web.
The bracket and system enables implementation of a novel method for mounting one or more pressure vessels to a structure, most advantageously to a structure such as a vehicle which is subject to acceleration or inertia, the method comprising the steps of: providing first and second fiber-reinforced composite brackets, each bracket having a base from which a web extends and one or more attachments formed in the web; mounting a pressure vessel at a first neck end to an attachment of the first bracket and at a second end to an attachment of the second bracket so as to mount the pressure vessels to the brackets and to space the brackets apart so as to create a structurally rigid system; and mounting the spaced first and second brackets to the structure. The brackets are capable of accepting inertial loading from the pressure vessels while flexing under the pressure vessel differential expansion such as that experienced during fill and empty cycles.
FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a portion of a mounting system of the present invention which integrates one or more pressure vessels (one shown) as an structural member between brackets mounted to a structure;
FIG. 1b is a side discontinuous view of a pressure vessel being supported at each neck end by an attachment to a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a partial and side cross-sectional view of a neck end of a pressure vessel suitable for mounting in the system;
FIG. 2b is an end view of one embodiment of a fiber-reinforced composite bracket of the present invention showing a profile of the bracket and illustrating mechanical fastening to a structure through flanges extending laterally from the base of the bracket;
FIG. 2c is an end view of the bracket according to FIG. 2a, illustration an alternate embodiment wherein the bracket is mechanically fastened along the base of the hollow core of the bracket;
FIGS. 3a, 3 b and 3 c are inside (back), base (bottom) and outside (front) views respectively of the bracket according to FIG. 2a;
FIGS. 4a and 4 b are front and side cross-sectional views respectively of an assembled mounting attachment;
FIGS. 5a and 5 b are front and side cross-sectional views respectively of an alternate neck-mounting attachment;
FIG. 6 is a close-up, perspective view of one bracket of the mounting system according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a close-up, top view of the mounting system according to FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a view of a bracket in which its hollow core and openings therein provide a protective corridor for routing and connecting utilities between the pressure vessels and connections outside the system;
FIG. 9 is a close up view of one end of the bracket of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a comparative side view of one end of each of a series of progressively size pressure vessels, all adapted to the same bracket which have webs of varying and corresponding height;
FIGS. 11a and 11 b illustrate alternate profiles of the bracket, one having a leg with a gap at the base and one with contiguous legs and base;
FIG. 12a is a stress plot of the profile of FIG. 11a loaded from the inside of the bracket, the gap being forced closed;
FIG. 12b is a stress plot of the profile of FIG. 11a loaded from the outside of the bracket, the gap opening;
FIG. 13a is a stress plot of the profile of FIG. 11b loaded from the inside of the bracket;
FIG. 13b is a stress plot of the profile of FIG. 11b loaded from the outside of the bracket;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of bending moment diagrams for a longitudinal arrangement of pressure vessels and which is superimposed over a pair of brackets having two pressure vessels mounted therein. The brackets are oriented transverse to the inertial loading imposed by the pressure vessels. The pressure vessels are not shown so as to better emphasize the bending moment diagrams;
FIG. 15 is a Von Mises stress distribution for the system of FIG. 14 under 20 g loading;
FIG. 16 is a close up of the stress distribution in the front corner of the brackets of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of pressure vessel bending moment diagrams for a transverse arrangement of pressure vessels and which is superimposed over a pair of brackets having two pressure vessels mounted therein. The brackets are oriented parallel to the inertial loading imposed by the pressure vessels. The pressure vessels are not shown so as to better emphasize the bending moment diagrams; and
FIG. 18 is a Von Mises stress distribution for the distal ends of a bracket for the system of FIG. 17 under 10 g loading.
With reference to FIGS. 1a and 2 a, a mounting system 1 of the present invention comprises a pair of brackets 2, positioned spaced apart by a one or more fuel pressure vessels 3. The brackets 2 have a base 14 which is mounted to a structure 100 and the pressure vessels 3 are mounted to a web 10 for forming an overall mounting system 1. The pressure vessels 3 and brackets 2 are positioned substantially orthogonally; the pressure vessels having a longitudinal axis Av and the brackets having a longitudinal axis Ab, the respective axes Av,Ab of the pressure vessels 2 and brackets 3 being substantially at right angles.
The brackets 2 are designed to be a part of a mounting system 1 having a variety of competing design characteristics including: fuel pressure vessels 3 are typically cylinders having hemispherical ends and having neck ends 4; that the pressure vessels 3 have an inherent stiffness which makes them candidates for contributing to the structural elements of the system 1; the neck ends 4 are used to mount the pressure vessels 3 into the system 1; the pressure vessels 3 and thus the system 1 are designed to accept pressure vessel differential expansion of about 0.1%, which is the typical variation between pressure vessel fill/empty cycles; the system 1 is designed for inertial loads imposed by the pressure vessels 3 themselves without undergoing excess displacement; and the system 1 is designed for a minimum number of fill/empty cycles, at least commensurate with pressure vessel life, without a reduction in performance.
The solution is to take advantage of utilizing lightweight composite materials for the brackets 2 in combination with the inherent stiffness of the pressure vessels 3 themselves. The brackets and vessels together replace the frames of the prior art. The bracket is a form of beam as are the vessels.
Each pressure vessel 3 is considered a structural member with adequate strength to support its own weight and inertial loads and thus can replace the conventional art's reliance on crossbeams in a frame. As a result, the number of structural elements in a mounting system 1 is reduced with a reduction in weight and a simplification of fabrication. As identified above, constraints on the design include that the bracket 2 is somewhat flexible in one direction (laterally to the bracket and along the pressure vessel's axis Av) to take up the linear differential expansion as well as being sufficiently rigid in the other two planes (along the bracket axis Ab, and perpendicular to the bracket axis towards the base) to provide structural support.
With reference also to FIG. 2a, one form of pressure vessel 3 is a fiber-reinforced pressure vessel having an aluminum liner 3 a having a fiber wrap 3 b with protruding aluminum neck ends 4. A typical profile of the aluminum liner neck end 4 includes a machined cylindrical outer surface 4 a and a machined inner surface 4 b. The inside surface 4 b is usually threaded for accepting a valve or a plug. A series of different pressure vessels 3 meeting these general characteristics include those identified generally as models V or W series fuel storage cylinders from Dynetek Industries Ltd., or Calgary Alberta, Canada. These tanks are capable of neck-mounting. For instance, a model V cylinder is capable of resisting the axial force developed during inertial load resulting from a 200 kg cylinder under aggressive deceleration (vehicle braking or impact) conditions. Such stresses have been found not to cause permanent deformation in the cylinder neck ends 4.
As shown in FIG. 1b, each pressure vessel 3 has first and second neck ends 4 at opposing ends of the pressure vessel 3. The neck ends 4 are secured to the brackets 2 at mounting attachments 6 affixed to the brackets 2 at spaced intervals. Assembled together with the mounting attachments 6, the pressure vessels 3 and brackets 2 have sufficient structural rigidity to form a mounting system 1.
As shown in FIG. 2b and in a preferred embodiment of the invention, each bracket 2 is a unitary member having a base 14 and a web 10. The bracket 2 has a decreasing stiffness from the base 14 to the tip of the web 10 to which the neck ends 4 are mounted. The bracket 2 is sufficiently stiff to resist inertial acceleration loads imposed by a pressure vessel 3 yet is sufficiently flexible to absorb differential expansion of the pressure vessels 3.
It is understood that the brackets 2 may be mounted to the structure 100 in substantially any orientation. However, in the preferred embodiment and in a usual case, the pressure vessels 3 are mounted horizontally and above the structure 100 to which they are mounted. Accordingly, herein for convenience only and to assist in the visualization of the bracket, the base 14 is referred to as being at the bottom of the system and the web 10 is extending upwardly from the base 14. Clearly, if the brackets 2 are mounted on the underside of the structure 100 then the web 10 extends downwardly from the base 14.
In one preferred form of the bracket 2, adapted to mount atop a structure 100 such as the roof of a vehicle, the unitary member or bracket 2 comprises a polygonal tubular portion 11 extending upwardly from the base 14 and wherein the web 10 extends upwardly from the tubular portion 11. The resulting overall cross-sectional profile appears like the Greek letter lambda "λ" or more simply a lower-case letter "h" extending upwardly from a flat base. The "h" profile of the tubular portion forms a bench from which the web 10 extends. Accordingly, the tubular portion 11 comprises outside and inside leg portions 12,13 and the base 14 defining a hollow core 25 within and extending along the brackets longitudinal axis Ab. The web portion 10 is conveniently manufactured to extend as an extension to one of the legs 12 of the "h". Conveniently, due to the arrangement of the web 10, the tubular portion 11 and inside leg 13 protrude inwardly towards the pressure vessel 3 but do not interfere due to the receding profile of the pressure vessel's hemispherical ends.
As shown in FIGS. 1a, 2 c, periodic openings 23 are formed at intervals along the tubular portion 11 to reduce the overall weight of the bracket 2 and to provide convenient access to the hollow core 25. As shown, the openings 23 are formed along the outside legs 12. Further, the hollow core 25 and the openings 23 therealong can be used as a corridor for housing piping 26 and electrical lines 27 (FIGS. 10, 11) and to facilitate their attachments to the individual pressure vessels 3. Optionally, the openings 23 can be used for access to enable mechanical fastening of the bracket 2 to the structure 100.
In FIG. 1b and 3 a-3 c, semicircular indentations or notches 15 are formed at regular intervals along the length of a top edge 19 of the upwardly extending web portion 10 of each bracket 2. Each notch 15 supports one of the one or more mounting attachments 6. As shown in FIG. 3b, a plurality of mounting flanges 17 extend laterally from the bracket's base 14. The mounting flanges 17 further enable securing of the bracket's base 14 to the structure 100. For enabling better maintenance and installation access, the flanges 17 are preferably spaced at regular intervals between the pressure vessels 3 and thus are arranged to be approximately centered between the notches 15.
As shown in FIG. 2b, each mounting flange 17 has means for attaching the brackets to the structure. In one embodiment, the flanges are fitted with one and typically two bolt holes 20 formed therethrough for fastening the brackets 2 to a structure 100 such as a vehicle roof, using fasteners such as bolts 21. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2c, the bracket 2 may be fastened to the structure through holes 22 formed in the base of the hollow core 25 and at intervals corresponding to the access openings 23 formed along the length of the outside leg 13.
More particularly and in one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4 b, 5 a and 5 b, the mounting attachments 6 form a connecting interface between the pressure vessel 3 and the web 10. The mounting attachment 6 which connects to the pressure vessel 3 also connects to the web 10. As shown, one form of mounting attachment 6 is provided in two separate pieces, a bottom collar 30 and an upper clamp 31. Both the collar 30 and clamp 31 have co-operating semicircular openings 32 formed about the center of a parting edge 33 so that when assembled, the mounting attachment 6 has a circular opening 34 for surrounding and engaging the neck end 4 of a pressure vessel 3. Both the collar 30 and the clamp 31 have a laterally projecting semicircular edge or profile 35 about the semicircular openings 32 as shown in FIG. 4b. The profile 35 is complementary with the notch 15; the profile having a depth 36 substantially the depth of the thickness of the width of the web 10 and having a radius matching that of the semicircular notch 15.
With reference to FIGS. 5a, 5 b and 6, the collar 30 is alternatively formed with an annular indentation 50 formed about the laterally projecting semicircular profile 35. The annular indentation 50 straddles the web 10 and engages the edge of the semicircular notch 15 to aid in fastening the mounting attachment 6 to the bracket 2 and to further support the mounting attachments 6 including minimizing "peeling" away from the web's inside surface 37 under load. The mounting attachment 6 is fastened to the bracket 2 using at least one mechanical fastener 38 through holes 39, preferably one on each side of the projecting profile 35.
Best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, the profile 35 of the mounting attachment 6 is located and supported in the notch 15. The collar 30 is adhesively bonded to an inside surface 37 of the web 10. Optionally, as shown in FIGS. 4a, 6 and 7, the collar 30 can be further affixed to the bracket 2 by mechanical fasteners 38 extending through holes 39 in the collar and holes 40 (FIGS. 3a, 3 c) in the bracket 2. After the neck end 4 of the pressure vessel 3 is positioned in the collar 30, the clamp 31 is aligned with the collar 30 and the clamp 31 is bolted to the collar 30 by bolts 45 extending through bolt holes 46 in the clamp and into a cooperating and threaded bolt hole 47 in the collar 30. Assembly can be further aided by aligning dowels 41 with cooperating openings 42 formed along the parting edge 43.
The mounting attachment 6 grips the pressure vessel neck ends 4 to prevent relative movement therebetween; accordingly, movement of the pressure vessel 3 is directed into the brackets 2. Pressure relief devices and associated fill and delivery valving 48 extend from the neck ends 4 of the pressure vessels 3 permitting ease of access.
The mounting attachments 6 are preferably manufactured of aluminum, such as 6061-T651 plate using conventional solid block machining, or casting and machining or extrusion and machining techniques. Typical material properties would be 260 MPa tensile, 240 MPa yield and elongation of 12%. SAE Grade 8 bolts fasten the clamp 31 and collar 32 together.
The brackets 2 are preferably manufactured by a pultrusion process utilizing fiber-reinforced thermal set resins or thermoplastics. Typical materials of construction include multiple layers of reinforcing glass, such as product code E-QXMP-4008-10 from JICRI, and E-Glass filler such as 4400 Tex and PU resin such as Version G, from Resin Systems Inc. The web and base are typically formed of 5 layers of reinforcement glass. The leg portions 12, 13 can be formed with additional layers. E-glass filler is provided in an amount needed to fill the pultrusion die.
Features such as the notches 15 and openings 23 in the outside leg 12 are machined following pultrusion using conventional machining or using water jet or abrasive water jet cutting techniques.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the openings 23 provide access to the protected corridor of the hollow core 25 of the bracket 2 through which piping 26 and electrical 27 may be routed to the individual pressure vessels 3.
With reference to FIG. 10, the design of a bracket 2 was optimized for producing a standard mounting bracket profile that could accommodate one or more parallel pressure vessels 3, and could be trimmed to length and thereby be fitted to individual applications, a specified number of pressure vessels, or to suit a particular mounting system 1 or structure 100. As well, the profile of the bracket 2 had to accommodate the various pressure vessel sizes and lengths offered in commercial service. The resulting profile would require a web 10 having a manufactured length that would accommodate the largest diameter pressure vessel 3 W, which could also be trimmed to accommodate the smallest pressure vessel 3 L. Further, the bracket 2 was required to have adequate flexibility to accommodate a 0.1% linear expansion from a pressurized vessel. A 3.5 mm expansion for example could be expected in the case of the longest of the Dynetek W320 series which are a nominal 404 mm in diameter by 3048 mm in length. Two-dimensional finite element models using PLANE2D elements were developed for several bracket profiles. From the onset, the mounting bracket 2 was intended to be made from a composite material having several advantages over that of structural steel and aluminum, for example: good strength-to-weight ratio, acceptable material costs and required flexibility. For example, the material properties shown in Table 1 are for an all glass stitch cloth pultrusion with 5 layers of E-QXMP-4008-10 glass cloth. The in-plane and flexural moduli listed in Table 1 were used in specifying the element property sets for the finite element analysis (FEA).
The strength and stiffness properties of a 10 mm thick laminate were: p=1,634 kg/m3, a Vf=33%, and Mf=51 %. The finite elements were given orthotropic properties corresponding to those listed in Table 1.
An S-shaped profile (not shown) was initially considered and anticipated to satisfy all the design requirements, but upon further analysis it was found that, while structurally sound, it did not meet the specified 12.5 mm deflection limit under 20 g loading. Several variations of the S-shaped profile were analyzed in an attempt to increase its stiffness. It became clear from the FEA results that increasing the bracket thickness alone would not be a desirable approach to gain the desired values. Further, from a production and weight point of view, it was also desired to keep the bracket thickness at 10 mm.
Alternative profiles were then developed, as shown in FIGS. 11a, 11 b, that combined the flexibility needed to accommodate the linear expansion of the pressure vessels 3 as well as being able to resist the 20 g inertial load. The resulting bracket 2 that came about which satisfied the design conditions was the aforementioned λ-shaped or "h"-shaped profile. Initially, it was thought that a 3 mm gap G in the outside leg 12 (FIG. 11a) would be advantageous because of its spring effect. The gap 12 essentially provided the bracket 2 with two stiffness values; one while the gap was open (FIG. 12b) wherein the bracket 2 would behave much like the S-shaped profile; and secondly, the bracket's stiffness would then dramatically increase when the gap G closed (FIG. 12a) limiting its deflection under a 20 g inertial load. Results of the deflection are illustrated in FIGS. 12a and 12 b. The analysis of a system 1 using such a bracket 2 became complicated after the deflection and natural frequency behavior was considered. In its displaced form, the gap G continues to separate in the bracket 2 at one end of the pressure vessel and progressively closes in the bracket 2 at the opposite end of the pressure vessel 3. Fabrication procedures to form an accurate gap spacing would also increase production cost. While suitable in most respects, practical considerations led to removal of the gap G from the bracket 2 for further consideration.
FIG. 11b and FIGS. 13a and 13 b illustrate a preferred profile for the bracket 2. Referring also to FIG. 10, the web 10 was sized so that the profile could be used for the smallest diameter series of pressure vessels without protruding below the base 14 and thus avoiding interference with the structure 100, or requiring a countersinking of the structure 100.
As shown in FIGS. 13a, 13 b, having an exaggerated displayed displacement, FEA of the λ-profile under 20 g loading also showed good results. The profile's high stiffness value was also beneficial from a dynamic point because of the associated increase in its natural frequency. After conducting the above profile evaluations, it was concluded that the A-profile produced superior results with respect to its stiffness, deflection and stress distribution. The final dimensions of the example bracket 2 were 10 mm thickness throughout and having a 270 mm overall height of which comprises a 150 mm web 10 above the tubular portion 11. The base 14, including flanges 17, had a width of 200 mm. The inside leg 13 was angled slightly to the pressure vessels at 77� to the base 14. The outside leg 12 was similarly angled slightly to the pressure vessels 3 at 105�. The web 10 extended perpendicularly to the base 14. The upper surface of the tubular portion 11 angled about 125� downwardly from the web 10.
With reference to FIGS. 14-18, stress and deflections were predicted using three dimensional linear static FEA using the preferred bracket profile, as described. Two design prototypes were considered, namely: a longitudinal arrangement and a transverse arrangement.
In the longitudinal arrangement shown in FIGS. 14-16, the pressure vessels 3 were aligned with the direction of inertial loading and the brackets 2 were perpendicular thereto. This is analogous to mounting the brackets 2 and pressure vessels 3 on the roof of a vehicle and having their longitudinal axes Av aligned with the direction of vehicle motion—assuming that is also the probable direction of the most intense inertial loading (a collision).
In the transverse arrangement shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the pressure vessels 2 are mounted transverse to the direction of inertial loading and the brackets 2 are necessarily aligned or parallel. Currently, this is the most typical orientation used in European commercial vehicles.
In FIG. 14, in the longitudinal arrangement, a row of four pressure vessels were modeled as being mounted to brackets 2 with the pressure vessels axes Av aligned along the length of the vehicle; only two of four pressure vessels being illustrated. A 20 g inertial load was applied to the FEA model. Similarly, a 10 g inertial load was applied transverse. The brackets 2 were assumed to be rigidly mounted by the flanges 17 to the structure 100 and any flexure of the base 14 was ignored. The mounting brackets 2 were modeled using 4-node quadrilateral shell elements with membrane and bending capabilities. Six degrees of freedom, three translations and three rotations, are considered per node. This multi-layer element could be specified with up to 50 layers, each layer associated with different isotropic or orthotropic material properties. However, for the purpose of this analysis, the element was only specified with one layer having the moduli of elasticity and Poisson's ratio as set forth above. Three dimensional 2-node beams elements were used to represent the pressure vessels which were given the properties of a 406 mm outside diameter aluminum tube having a wall thickness of 12 mm. An equivalent mass was specified to the beam elements to represent the full weight of the pressure vessels.
As a result, the deflection of the system was as expected for a rigid frame-like. system undergoing horizontal displacement. With reference to FIG. 14, the predicted end-moments were +855 Nm at one end and −1144 Nm at the opposite end. These should represent the maximum bending moments acting against the brackets under 20 g load.
With reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, peak stresses are shown which result from the flexure of the brackets 2. A maximum Von Mises stress of 300 MPa was predicted at the corners of flanges 17 and 218 MPa along the edges of the flanges 17. Other than the localized peak stress, it can be seen from the stress plots that the nominal flexural stresses do not exceed the theoretical bending strength of the composite as listed in Table 1.
With reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, for a log transverse loading arrangement of pressure vessels, the bending moment is typical with a maximum of 2637 Nm and peak stress was is located at the base of the bracket 2 with the maximum Von Mises stress at 68 MPa. The stresses surrounding the flanges 17 were not significantly higher than the peak stress at the base 14.
A comparison of the moment resistance of the pressure vessel's neck ends with the predicted end moments indicated that the neck ends have adequate strength.
One of the design conditions that were sought was that the deflection of the system under a 20 g inertial load should not deflect more than 12.5 mm. In this example, the mounting system using Dynetek W320 cylinders was considered. The finite element model predicted a maximum horizontal displacement of 8.2 mm and a vertical deflection of 1.6 mm giving a total resolved deflection of 8.4 mm. In the transverse system, the finite element model predicted a 4.8 mm horizontal deflection under 10 g loading. The deflection of the system is very much a function of the bracket stiffness which in turn is a function of the frame height. This can be surmised from deflection equations that the deflection produced by the inertial load of the larger and filled W320 cylinders under 20 g loading would represent the worst case condition.
As discussed, such pressure vessels can undergo a 0.1% longitudinal expansion when pressurized which translates to a maximum deflection of 3.5 mm for the longest pressure vessel regardless of its diameter. This expansion is taken up by the flexure of the brackets as it was so designed. By inspection, it was surmised that the most highly stressed configuration will be for a long, short diameter pressure vessel 3 and bracket 2 configuration. This is because the short web 10 height of this bracket 2 causes a substantial increase in the flexural stiffness of the section.
It can be seen from the above, that the use of the vessels as a part of the system is independent of the exact form of the vessels and that the configuration of the bracket can vary widely as long as it can support the vessels. One form of brackets is demonstrated which is capable a wide range of performance including accepting inertial loads imposed by the vessels under extreme conditions which meet specified regulations. Other implementations or circumstances subject to different regulations may be more or less stringent and the bracket design can vary accordingly. Simply, the brackets are a lightweight and strong yet flexible solution.
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Heathcote & Ivory Vintage Mimose & Pomegranate Milled Soap in Keepsake Heart Tin, 80g
Product informationA gorgeous soap from Heathcote & Ivory, with a fresh delicate scent of sheer green flowery notes of mimosa, rose and muguet and a fruity floral heart. Presented in a heart shaped keepsake tin.
- Bath & Shower Type
- Soap
- Brand
Heathcote & Ivory
Click & collectFree from John Lewis or Waitrose shops for collection tomorrow from 2pm
369 participating John Lewis and Waitrose shops
- Free
Collect + from a local shop from Friday - postcode exclusions apply for Collect+ deliveries5000+ participating Collect+ shops
- £3.00
Standard delivery in 5 working days
- £3.00
Named or Saturday UK delivery
- £6.95
Named day UK delivery pre-10.30am
- £9.95
International delivery not available
We want you to be happy with your purchase. If you're not, depending on the type of product, you can make free returns in the UK via John Lewis shops, Royal Mail, Collect+, or MyHermes. If you need to arrange collection of large or heavy items, call us on 03456 049 049. For international returns queries, call us on +44 1698 545 454. Find out more about returns.
You'll find returns information on your delivery note. Unless faulty, we'd like you to make your return within 90 days of purchase. Exceptions apply to certain products - find out more about our refund policy.
Q & As
UK delivery:
£3.00 Standard delivery in 5 working days
Click & collect
Free Click & collect from John Lewis or Waitrose shops for collection tomorrow from 2pm
£3.00 Collect+ from a local shop from Friday
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text: Channing Tatum Sends Cancer Patient a Kiss by Hilton Hater at March 27, 2014 9:24 am. Comments Post by Alisa's Butterflies. Share Tweet Email Channing Tatum sends well wishes to a cancer patient in this video. And a virtual kiss as well. Edit Delete Follow Channing Tatum? Star: Channing Tatum Related Videos: Channing Tatum Videos Related Post: Channing Tatum Sends Virtual Kiss, Happy Wishes to Cancer Patient Uploaded by: Hilton Hater Uploaded: March 27, 2014


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Brickworld Chicago 2015
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It is well-established that a shareholder-plaintiff may not assert derivative claims against a corporation's officers or directors unless he or she makes a pre-suit demand on the corporation's board of directors and alleges...more
A five-paragraph opinion by the New York Appellate Division suggests the potentially devastating consequences of ignoring the fine print of Directors & Officers Liability insurance policies. In Associated Community Bancorp.,...more
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, in Unión de Empleados de Muelles de Puerto Rico PRSSA Welfare Plan, v. UBS Financial Services Inc. of Puerto Rico, No. 11-1605, --- F.3d ----, 2013 WL 49818 (1st Cir. Jan. 4,...more
When a shareholder makes a demand on a company to pursue litigation, the company's board can look to generally well-developed law to determine how to evaluate the demand. Though there is no one particular procedure a board...more
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Alt+F1: 51 - British GP Prerace
Become Premium to Watch
Her Story is a bold and largely successful experiment in interactive crime fiction.
Rocksteady's gorgeous-looking third Arkham game refines its open-world format a bit and lets you drive a whole hell of a lot of Batmobile.
It's squid kids and ink blasting abound in Nintendo's exceptionally fun new online shooter.
Game »
consists of 1 releases.
Released Nov 23, 2006
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS/Wii U is the first cross-platform iteration of the franchise, and features connectivity functionalities between the two versions of the game. While each version has unique modes and a distinct set of stages based on handheld or console games respectively, the character roster is the same across both versions.
J-Stars Victory Vs is a fighting game celebrating Shonen Jump's longevity.
Characters from various Sony (and other guest) franchises battle it out in this crossover arena fighting game (in similar vein to the Super Smash Bros. series).
A fighting game made by Ganbarion for the Nintendo DS.
A 3DS game starring characters from a variety of Cartoon Network shows. A console version was released with additional characters and alternate costumes.
Windy x Windam is a 2D fighting game for the Nintendo DS that takes place in the Izuna universe.
Platform fighter in the Penguin no Mondai series.
As a 50-year anniversary celebration for both publications (they started the same day), Shounen Magazine and Shounen Sunday cross over in a fighting game.
Fusionfall is a free-to-play browser based MMORPG that centers on the worlds of Cartoon Network characters.
This Japan-only DS fighting game is based on the Katekyo Hitman Reborn! anime/manga. It is the third game in the DS Reborn! fighting game series from Takara Tomy.
Strap on your fighting shoes and get ready to brawl in the first Smash Bros. game for the Wii. Super Smash Bros. Brawl is one of the best-selling Wii games, selling over 4.85 million units worldwide.
Jump Super Stars is a 2D fighting game for the Nintendo DS. It features many characters from popular Shonen Jump series. It was only released in Japan and will not be released elsewhere because of cross-licensing issues.
One Piece Grand Battle: Swan Colosseum is a fighting game for the Wonderswan Color. It is based on the popular One Piece anime series.
Choose from eight different characters and do battle in large environments, picking up weapons and collecting Power Stones to transform yourself into a super warrior capable of massive damage.
Fighting-game in the Tengai Makyou series. Spin-off of Tengai Makyou: Fuun Kabuki Den.
Quiz/Trivia game released in 1993 for the Game Boy.
RPG video game developed by Chunsoft and published by Bandai in 1991. Sequel to "Famicom Jump: Hero Retsuden".
Famicom Jump: Hero Retsuden is a 1989 action RPG for the Famicom (NES) console published by Bandai, based on the popular weekly Japanese manga anthology Jump and its characters. The combat system was in real-time with martial arts.
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I'm afraid of posting this. I can feel the warmth of Chris Mathews' spittle creeping up my neck.
"It woudl be funny as hell if the abodinal snoawman walk in the background" -Confucius
Breitbart would be proud of the OP. Out of context one liners. See Shirley Sherrod.
Operation Red Wing
Blizzard do not destroy Jaina Proudmoore's character. Make her who she once was, not full of rage and vengeance.,If you are curious about me or about my writing aspirations, feel free to pst me. Paladin-Sorcerer at your service! My Youtube Channel https://www.youtube.com/user/Aeluron Big fanboy of Yrel now. Love her now
I'm not Obama's biggest fan but this is dumb.
Wow <3 Korra<3 Giants<3
Blizzard removed my subscription from WoD's features, it'll be added sometime later.
And thus I give you: MALE contraception!
Originally Posted by Bashiok
Go Hawks!!!!
Troll the respawn Jeremy.
"It woudl be funny as hell if the abodinal snoawman walk in the background" -Confucius
His speech was about going out and getting things done. Put on your tin hat if you think otherwise.


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Obama Hummer
Obama Hummer photo by Lydia Marcus
Photographed October 7, 2008 in Encino, CA
I hope that's hybridized.
is that even possible? i know, you'd think they'd have an American hybrid or something that sips gas. i have no idea if this Hummer is owned by a private citizen or part of the actual campaign.
You don't see too many Democrats driving Hummers!!
My '67 GTO has an Obama bumper sticker - confuses the hell outta the rednecks at the cruise ins.
This is just over the top - Guzzlers for Obama!!
@johnpsullivan: guzzlers for obama - that may need to be my new caption!
It's a bit incongruous, but clearly, their heart's in the right place. I like the new caption suggestion.
Seen on your photo stream. (?)
The Obamas own a Ford Escape Hybrid. But, an Obama Hummer is a little ridiculous.
Incidentally, converting a gasoline vehicle to flex-fuel only costs a little more than a $100, so moving the country to methanol and other bio-fuels seems like a relatvely simple proposition.
All existing Diesel engines can run on bio-Diesel. And, the existing natural gas lines in everyone's house can deliver fuel for cars like Honda's Civic NG. General Motors currently makes several natural-gas models, but they are all for overseas markets.
We need a President who can marshal the political will to get these things done. I'm sick of gasoline! And, if Obama does nothing else than rid us of this disastrous addiction to oil, his Administration will be a success.
Obama referred to oil as a dirty, expensive source of energy. That to me was amazing given the oil industry's tight grip on the world and their Orwellian public relations game.
You should title it "Oxymoron."
And a H1 no less. Yeah! Let's drive it in IRAQ!
Could it be biodiesel? I've seen a biodiesel H1 Alpha before.
no clue if it's biodiesel, but that's interesting to know that there is one out there.
My H1's biodiesel [No conversion needed, it uses a decades old 6.5L GM/Detroit diesel engine] thats common in many old boats, buses and older gmc vans and pickups.
Theres a number of H1 driving democrats, they just hide it away in a garage and take the Prius out for daily driving. I'm actually not joking, I personally know 2 owners in West LA that are like this.
I heard of a guy who had a blue H1 vinyl wrapped with Obama decals, but I couldn't find a picture of it. Thank you for the picture.
@big k: i totally believe the hummer/prius household! doesn't surprise me at all. glad to provide you with a photo of this notorious hummer! :-)
I know this one guy with an H1 and a Prius
Hi, I'm an admin for a group called HUMMER, and we'd love to have this added to the group!
4,919 views
5 faves
16 comments
Taken on October 7, 2008
This photo is in 24 groups
- HUMMER >>>> H1/H2/H3 891 items
- HUMMER 1,069 items
- Barack Obama Photos 14,920 items
- 2008 Presidential Election 10,418 items
- The Los Angeles Group 88,381 items
- So. Cal Shooters 86,150 items
This photo is in 2 albums
- AUTOTOPIA 221 photos
- Trucks, Vans, Jeeps, Wagons, & 4x4's 83 photos
Additional info
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Appround.net has been included to our database for several reasons. First of all, this site has been reported for spreading infected software: after testing PC Performer and other programs, that are offered on this site, our security experts have found several infections. In order to be more precise, we will say that these viruses are adwares, that have been named as Win32.AdWare.IBrain.C and Win32/InstallBrain.B. If you want to avoid these threats on your computer, you should never download and install any software from appround.net.
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Dunedin Luxury hotels
Find quality luxury hotels in Dunedin through HotelClub and get more rewards from our membership program. Choose from the 6 discounted luxury accommodation found in Dunedin. Dunedin luxury hotels are also well known for their Location and Room cleanliness.
6 Luxury hotels in Dunedin
1 Camp Estate at Larnach Castle
100 Camp Road Map
Camp Estate At Larnach Castle Dunedin is a luxurious country house situated within walking distance to the gates of Lanarch Castle in Dunedin. Catering to holidaymakers, the property provides easy... More
2 Dunedin Palms Motel
185-195 High Street Map
Dunedin Palms Motel welcomes you the moment you step in the door, with our new 26 unit luxury motel complex opened in January 2009, The dcor is relaxing and comfort has been our aim in all design,... More
3 Farrys Motel Apartments
575 George Street Map
Farrys Motel Apartments offer a range of affordable, superbly located, 4 Star, luxuriously appointed serviced apartments which ensure peace, privacy and comfort - all you could expect, plus the... More
4 Scenic Hotel Dunedin City
123 Princes Street Map
Scenic Hotel Dunedin City provides travellers stylish accommodations while exploring in the area. Chocolate lovers will surely take pleasure at the nearby Cadbury World for a tour of the chocolate... More
5 St Clair Beach Resort
24 Esplanade St Clair Map
St Clair Beach Resort is a modern resort in Dunedin and offers friendly hospitality, comfortable accommodation in a welcoming atmosphere for discerning travellers around the world. GeneralSt Clair... More
6 Grandview Bed & Breakfast
360 High Street Map
Combining chic accommodation and quality service, Grandview Bed & Breakfast Dunedin is an ideal place for a splendid holiday. GeneralYou can relax in the charming and tranquil ambience of the... More


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Walter Samuel "Sam" Allgood, age 64, of Monroe, died on June 12, 2015.
Mrs. Tara Marie Taylor Peppers, age 38, of Loganville passed away June 7, 2015. She was born in Georgetown, Ohio May 8, 1977 to her parents who survive her. Tara loved her family very much and always enjoyed volunteering with the Girl Scouts. She enjoyed cross stitch and loved to be at the beach. Tara was a loving and caring; wife, mother, daughter and friend who had endless love for those she cared about. She was 1995 graduate of Faith Academy and also attended Monroe Area Comprehensive High School. Tara is survived by her loving husband Danny Brian Peppers, their ...
Lester Lackey & Sons Funeral Home Inc.
Lester Lackey & Sons Funeral Home Inc.
Lester Lackey & Sons Funeral Home Inc.
Betty Purcell of Covington, passed away Wednesday, May 27, 2015, at the age of 91. Born and raised in Augusta, GA, Betty was employed with IBM at the Pentagon before she married. She was active in Covington First United Methodist Church, Newton Medical Center Auxiliary and enjoyed her bridge clubs. She loved traveling with her husband, was very social and liked to entertain. While in assisted living Mrs. Purcell delighted in dancing. She was preceded in death by her husband, Dr. James William Purcell; sisters, Margaret Brandt, Louise Comstock; brothers, Frank Blitchington, Bill Blitchington, Jack Blitchington; as well as her ...
David Hood, age 60, of Covington passed away May 24, 2015. He was born in Covington on November 7, 1954 one of the first ten babies born at Newton General Hospital. Graduated from Newton County High School and went Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College graduating with a degree in horticulture and while attending college worked at Callaway Gardens. David was the grounds superintendent for several golf course throughout his career including Hidden Hills and Cross Creek golf courses.
Robert "Bobby" Patrick of Oxford, passed away May 26, 2015, at the age of 82. He was a 1952 graduate of Newton High School; and proud veteran of the United States Air Force, having served in both Germany and France, during his active duty from 1953 – 1957. Mr. Patrick was employed by Henson Furniture, until the business closed, and then went on to work for Hercules, for 24 years, prior to his retirement. He served as a deacon for several churches, and was Chairman of the deacon boards at First Baptist of Covington, Mt. Zion Baptist and Calvary Baptist. In ...
Lester Lackey & Sons Funeral Home Inc.
William Henry Calhoon, Sr. (Bill) of Porterdale passed away May 13, 2015 in Covington at the age of 77. A memorial service will be held at The Baptist Tabernacle, 10119 Access Road, Covington, Georgia 30014, on Sunday, May 31, 2015, at 4 pm. Memorial donations, instead of flowers, may be made to The Baptist Tabernacle for the Children's Ministry and Reformers Unanimous Ministry.
Doris Cope Cavanaugh, 88, daughter of the late Frank and Ann Cope, passed away peacefully on May 6, 2015 after a long battle with Dementia, at the home of her daughter, Cathy Twigg, in Martinsburg, W.Va.
Robert Denio Wade, 74 of Social Circle, passed away Thursday, May 14, 2015 at St. Joseph's Hospital in Atlanta. Mr. Wade was born in Memphis, Tennessee. to the late William and Geraldine Wade. Robert was a native of Memphis who moved to Conyers and then to Social Circle where he lived for 27 years. He was of the Catholic faith, had been a member of the Covington Lions Club and Elks Club, loved bass fishing and was very close to his grandson Greyson. In addition to his parents, Mr. Wade is preceded in death by his wife Linda Wade ...
SFC Thomas H. Maloy of Walnut Grove, passed away May 5, 2015, at the age of 68. He was a 1965 graduate of Loganville High School. Shortly after graduation, SFC Maloy was drafted into the U.S. Army, and continued his service to his country until his retirement, in 1994, after 27 years of service. During his military career, he served in the 82nd Airborne, and was a drill sergeant and ANOC and BNOC instructor at the Noncommissioned Officer Academy, one of the largest training departments at Fort Gordon. Thomas loved his boys and granddaughters immensely, and he was very ...
Mildred "Mrs. Millie" Maloy, a lifelong resident of Porterdale, passed away September 27, 2014, at the age of 95. She was a member of Porterdale Baptist Church and the Porterdale Woman's Club. Mrs. Millie was known for her sharp mind and quick wit, and therefore gained the nickname, "The General". She loved her family dearly and especially cherished her role as a grandmother. She was loved and will be greatly missed by her family. Mrs. Millie was preceded in death by her husband, Carl B. Maloy; parents, Leo and Candace Shaw; and her brother, Marshall "Pete" Shaw.
Dolores Long Maddox, age 79 of Buford, died Saturday, May 2, 2015 after an extended illness. Funeral Service will be held Monday, May 4, 2015 at 2 p.m. at Hamilton Mill Memorial Chapel. Rev. Mark Hutchins, Rev. Jerry Crocker, and Rev. Cecil Ash will officiate.
William C. Johnston, 84, of Covington, passed away April 29, 2011, at Abbey Hospice in Social Circle. Mr. Johnston served in the U.S. Army, worked as a forklift driver at Ace Hardware in Conyers, and at the Army Distribution Center in Conley. He enjoyed fishing, storytelling, and spending time with his church family at Lovejoy United Methodist Church. He was a devoted husband, father and friend to many. He is preceded in death by his wife, Sara Frances (Dial) Johnston, daughter, Debbie Johnston, and parents, Lurline and George W. Johnston.
William (Billy) Moran Hendricks Jr., 67, of Commerce, died April 25 at Northridge Medical Center, Commerce. Born in Atlanta, he was the son of the late William M. Hendricks Sr. and Beatrice Wood Hendricks.
Betty Lee Parker, Covington, died April 25 at Abbey Hospice. The daughter of the late Albert Lee and Jesse Maude Huddleston Parr, she was born in 1934 in Atlanta. Mrs. Parker enjoyed crafts, word puzzles and reading and loved her family, especially her grandchildren. She was preceded in death by her husband, Oscar Parker and son Tony Parker.
Robert Eugene Post of Covington, GA died Thursday, April 21, 2011 at Abbey Hospice. He was born on February 21,1950 in Atlanta, GA to James J. and Catherine Hazel Kimball Post. He loved to attend church and listen to gospel music
Charles Joseph Knarr of Oxford, passed away April 15, 2011, at the age of 67. He was a member of Allen Memorial United Methodist Church, as well as the United Methodist Men of Allen Memorial. Mr. Knarr retired from Bridgestone, in Covington, as a Computer Programmer. He enjoyed woodwork, photography, model trains, barbecues, sailing, traveling, and reading. He was a member of the Oxford Lions Club. Mr. Knarr was a loving and devoted husband, father, grandfather, brother, and friend to many. He was preceded in death by his parents, Charles Edward and Dorothy Elizabeth (Kurtz) Knarr.
Margaret Lawson Mathews of Monticello, GA died Monday, April 18, 2011 at Abbey Hospice. She was born on March 7, 1927 in Mansfield, GA to James Otis and Lola Sue Brooks Lawson. She was a long time member of Harmony Baptist Church in Covington. She loved gardening, playing cards, playing with her grandchildren,and entertaining her large family and friends. She spent countless hours on her porch and dock watching the activities on the lake.
Jack W. Kitchens of Oxford, went home to be with the Lord, April 17, 2011, at the age of 84.He was born in March, 1927, grew up in the East Lake area of DeKalb County, and attended Tech High. He served in the Navy during WWII, stationed in the Medical Corps in Seattle, WA. Jack married Mary Born, in 1949. He attended Emory University graduating with a Bachelors of Science degree. After graduation, he began his career with several jobs, but settled in the construction industry employed at Williams Brothers Lumber Company. He began Jack W. Kitchens, Inc., a ...
Mrs. Dorothy (Dot) Campbell Hill, 90, of Rockmart, Ga., passed away on Friday, April 15.
Mrs. Louise Steele Johnson of Covington, passed away April 15, 2011, at the age of 94. Louise was born May 18, 1916. She was the ninth of twelve children born to Johnny James and Ada Kitchens Steele.
Young Funeral Home
Ralph Everett McCrary passed away on March 10 from complications of a broken hip and lung disease He died at Montgomery Hospital in Norristown, Pa.
Mary Jo Hallford, 71, of Oxford, went to be with her Lord April 9, 2011, at Abbey Hospice in Social Circle, from complications from lung cancer. She was the daughter of the late Rev. Austin Madison and Rena Kate (Mason) Alexander. Mary Jo was a member of The Baptist Tabernacle. After retiring from Sweetheart Plastics, she enjoyed gardening, traveling, scrapbooking, playing cards, and family get-togethers. She will be remembered as a devoted and loving wife, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, sister, and a friend to many. She is survived by her husband of 52 years, Amos Carl Hallford, the son of the ...
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In addition to Bolano's 2666, the other big (in every sense of the word) galley I've been waiting for is Antonio Lobo Antunes's What Can I Do When Everything's On Fire?, which is due out in September from W.W. Norton.
Well, it arrived yesterday:
It's only 585 pages long and is prefaced with a "Dramatis Personae" and maps of the Lisbon region and the city itself in order to help orient readers.
I'm one of those people (and there really are quite a few), who feel that Antunes should've won the Nobel over Saramago. His books are more dense, complicated, and "challenging" than Saramago's, but also have a wider range of style and tone. He's a very rewarding writer, who writes in the Joyce/Faulkner vein. (In fact there's a quote on the back of this galley from George Steiner claiming that Antunes is the "heir to Conrad and Faulkner." His books are also frequently compared to those of Dos Passos and Celine.)
Here's the jacket description:
The razor-thin line between reality and madness is transgressed in this Faulknerian masterpiece, Antonio Lobo Antunes's first novel to appear in English in five years. [sic — see Knowledge of Hell ] What Can I Do When Everything's On Fire?, set in the steamy world of Lisbon's demimonde—a nightclub milieu of scorching intensity and kaleidoscopic beauty, a baleful planet populated by drag queens, clowns, and drug addicts—is narrated by Paolo, the son of Lisbon's most legendary transvestite, who searches for his own identity as he recalls the harrowing death of his father, Carlos; the life of Carlos's lover, Rui, a heroin addict and suicide; as well as the other denizens of this hallucinatory world. Psychologically penetrating, pregnant with literary symbolism, and deeply sympathetic in its depiction of society's dregs, Lobo Antunes's novel ventriloquizes the voices of the damned in a poetic masterwork that recalls Joyce's Ulysses with a dizzying farrago of urban images few readers will forget.
I promise to review this without a single mention of Joyce or Faulkner . . . And now I'm seriously booked in terms of my reading through the end of the year . . .
Founded in 1960 by such creative pioneers as George Perec, Raymond Queneau and Italo Calvino, the Oulipo, shorthand for Ouvroir de littérature potentielle, came about in when a group of writers and mathematicians sought constraints to find new structures and. . .
There's little to say about a series of prose poems that willfully refuse to identify pronoun antecedents. Or perhaps there are a million things. The poems in Morse, My Deaf Friend— the chapbook by Miloš Djurdjević published by Ugly Duckling. . .
The Crimson Thread of Abandon is the first collection of short fiction available in English by the prolific Japanese writer and all-around avant-garde trickster Terayama Shūji, who died in 1983 at the age of 47. This collection would be important. . .
Last year, NYRB Classics introduced English-language readers to Catalan writer Josep Pla with Peter Bush's translation of The Gray Notebook. In that book, Pla wrote about life in Spain during an influenza outbreak soon after World War I, when. . .
"Your bile is stagnant, you see sorrow in everything, you are drenched in melancholy," my friend the doctor said.
bq. "Isn't melancholy something from previous centuries? Isn't some vaccine against it yet, hasn't medicine taken care of it yet?" I. . .
What to make of Vano and Niko, the English translation of Erlom Akhvlediani's work of the same name, as well as the two other short books that comprise a sort of trilogy? Quick searches will inform the curious reader that. . .
The opening of Jón Gnarr's novel/memoir The Indian is a playful bit of extravagant ego, telling the traditional story of creation, where the "Let there be light!" moment is also the moment of his birth on January 2nd, 1967. Then. . .
Mahasweta Devi is not only one of the most prolific Bengali authors, but she's also an important activist. In fact, for Devi, the two seem to go together. As you can probably tell from the titles, she writes about women. . .
The prolific Spanish author Benito Pérez Galdós wrote his short novel, Tristana, during the closing years of the nineteenth century, a time when very few options were available to women of limited financial means who did not want a husband.. . .
Pedro Zarraluki's The History of Silence (trans. Nick Caistor and Lorenza García) begins with the narrator and his wife, Irene, setting out to write a book about silence, itself called The History of Silence: "This is the story of how. . .


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
Timo Mullen in Donegal
A Windsurfing video by boards - 11,005 views
Timo Mullen scores some great summertime waves in NW Donegal, after a summer of great surf and sunshine in Ireland it was a relief to see some much needed wind and waves. Normally the reefs are firing on this size swell but the way the tides were on this day made the hollow beachbreaks the place to be. Timo was out on his new 2011 Starboard Quad IQ 82 set up as a quad and on his new 2011 Severne 5.3m Blade. Loads out enjoying the conditions.
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"Bedfordshire" Top 5 Page for this destination Bedfordshire by clairegeordio
Bedfordshire Travel Guide: 101 reviews and 259 photos
Bedfordshire is about 30 mins drive north of London. There are no cities in Bedfordshire but there are several market towns : Luton, Dunstable, Bedford and Leighton Buzzard. Bedfordshire is also surrounded by lovely countryside. In Bedfordshire you can find tourist attractions such as Whipsnade Zoo, one of the largest zoos in Europe, and Woburn Abbey and Safari Park.
Reviews (4)
At Woburn Safari Park visitors drive their cars through animal enclosures such as giraffes, tigers, lions , rhino, bears... more travel advice
Whipsnade Zoo is about 4 miles from Dunstable. The park opened to the public in 1931. It is one of Europe's largest... more travel advice
In this award winning Stockwood Craft Museum, you can discover what life was like in rural Bedfordshire in the 19th... more travel advice
This is an area with spectacular views over the Aylesbury Vale. Many people go hand gliding here and every year there is... more travel advice
Comments (3)
It appears there are some interesting attractions in Bedfordshire. As you say, it is not a part of England that one hears much about!
I had wanted to go to Bedfordshire to see Woburn Abbey and the safari park. On the list for my return visit. Enjoyed your page...
Happy New Year! Lovely HP
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Though it has yet to officially happen, FX president John Landgraf has hinted that they'll be picking up Charlie Sheen's Anger Management for an additional 90-episodes, after the series exceeded its contractual ratings threshold.
Speaking with the press at the Television Critics Association press tour, Landgraf revealed that episodes 3 – 6 of Sheen's new series have surpassed the ratings threshold needed to receive the substantial pickup. Waiting until after the tenth episode has aired to make the official announcement, Sheen's return to television can certainly be called a success – for both the actor and FX.
Known for making some of the best decisions in the industry, FX's deal with Sheen had many others taking notice. Seeing how Anger Management doesn't necessarily fit within FX's primetime programming block, many thought Landgraf had set the ratings mark Sheen needed to reach exceptionally high. Being able to make use of the audience that Sheen can bring to any network, it was essentially a win-win contractual agreement for the network, no matter what the outcome.
Now, with Anger Management hitting those (perhaps not so lofty) ratings goals – likely around 2.2-2.3 million an episode – FX has the ability to instantly turn one of their series into something that's able to be syndicated, thus providing a substantial financial profit for the network – much of which will allow it to continue to make the wonderful programming it has been for some time now.
With 90-episodes set to begin production over the course of two to three years, Anger Management certainly could use some added support to its already stellar cast. Fortunately, that's exactly what they're getting, as Martin Sheen will be joining the cast.
Joining his son in a reoccurring role, Martin Sheen will be playing Charlie's father on the series – certainly not a stretch for the legendary actor. Set to make his first appearance in the August 16th episode of the series, it is not yet know how many total episodes the elder Sheen will be appearing in.
However, with a 90-episode order currently in the works, hopefully Martin Sheen will be appearing throughout the entirety of the upcoming Anger Management run. Because while Charlie Sheen may have reached all ratings marks, having an onscreen father/son reunion will likely only boost the numbers.
Anger Management airs Thursdays @9:30pm on FX
Source: Zap2It


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|80 posts found
I guess people can't read? The pdf is April to June 2014. Superdata was all of 2013. /Facepalm
Gdemami -
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Spotlight Poster
Joined: 9/11/05
Nice to hear. Looking forward to the upcoming changes!
Apprentice Member
Joined: 3/20/10
Originally posted by jpnz
Why are you /facepalming when you're the one who posted an excerpt from the first quarter financials of 2014 as evidence of superdata info for 2013?
Why didn't you use the 2014 yearly report that stated ToR has made less money each year for the past 2 years?
Apprentice Member
Joined: 6/19/12
Originally posted by jpnz
I wouldn't facepalm if I were you. just like you agree that it cant be used to discredit superdata, its also can't be used to support it either (like you did in your OP).
Advanced Member
Joined: 11/18/08
Playing GW2, ToR, PoE
Breaking down the yearly proxy statement in regards to SWToR,
From the Service and Other Revenue section:
Service and Other revenue was $1.059 billion with Star War: The Old Republic and Fifa 13 Ultimate team were the primary drivers with Battlefield preminium subscriptions also included. This was an increase of $331 million over 2012.
From the Net Revenue by Geography section:
This decrease was offset by a $367 million increase primarily from the
Mass Effect franchise, as well as Star Wars: The Old Republic and Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning
From Packaged goods and Other Revenue section:
Packaged Good Sales of SWToR are listed as down (yeah, ftp should have killed those).
From Digital Revenue section:
Digital Net Revenue before Deferral was $1,663 million, an increase of $436 million, or 36
percent, as compared to fiscal year 2012. This increase is due to (1) a $221 million or 51 percent increase in extra
content and free-to-play sales primarily driven by the FIFA and Bejeweled franchises, along with Star Wars: The
Old Republic
Net result:
If SWToR only made $165 million in 2013 then the FIFA subscriptions / dlc must be astronomical because Battlefield subscriptions are only listed as being 136 million.
Edit: The only place ToR is really shown down in is packaged sales and full download sales (less than 7 million includes BF4 btw) in the proxy report. All others it is shown to be up.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 1/19/13
Originally posted by jpnz
A good portion of people just like to dislike something on this site. Then others put way to much stock into the communities opinion on here and and accept whatever the general opinion is as reality. I think at one point this sites community generally had a good consensus for the mmo market and titles. how they were doing. Their problems and their future. I don't anymore after the Superdata stuff dropped and showed how off the mark most were.
Makes for entertaining reads anymore with some good thoughts or opinions mixed in from time to time. I think that it's mostly about the pvp anymore though. I guess it's even partially why you made this thread. People hate being wrong this thread proves it.
When that initial stuff was released from Superdata there were threads that had been ongoing for sometime about how SWTOR was on the verge of shutting it's doors at any moment. Then that data dropped and those threads slowly died. Same With ESO. This community hyped the snot out of that game and turned on it within the first month. It's crazy how quick that had happened. Like someone flipped a switch.
Advanced Member
Joined: 11/10/05
I bet the new trilogy will be somehow worked into this game even though the lore is thousands of years apart. Probably add a new planet that will be in the new movies or a race. Looking forward to seeing this game develop over the years.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 3/20/10
Originally posted by catlana
It's listed as down in digital revenue prior to deferral: These increases were partially offset by a $167 million or 39 percent decrease in subscription sales primarily driven by Battlefield 3 Premium subscription, Star Wars: The Old Republic and FIFA 13.
as well as under services and other revenue: This increase was partially offset by an $86 million decrease primarily from lower revenue from The Sims Social, which shut down in June 2013, Star Wars: The Old Republic, as well as Pogo-branded online game services.
This is from the 2014 yearly financial report. http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ERTS/3349323277x0x762357/F71D53F7-F900-49E2-86D8-093EADA6009B/Electronic_Arts_10K_Proxy_FY14.PDF
Advanced Member
Joined: 11/18/08
Playing GW2, ToR, PoE
Originally posted by Uhwop
EA does not make this easy. I went ahead and copied both sections you referred to below. You will notice that the second section makes a direct reference to the first section (aka service revenue). ie full-game downloads / sales are normally product revenue except MMO game downloads which are classified as service revenue. There would be no full download income due to the game being f2p in the current report. Since the prior report period counts for all but a short time of ToR's prior time, there should be download sales in the service category. The Digital Revenue section also talks about the split between f2p revenue into different buckets (service & product). I do not doubt that subscription numbers are down but this is not really clear on how much revenue SWToR is actually making. I really do prefer NCSoft's reporting which is pretty clear by game.
Edit: Really, the only thing you can state based on the disclosure below is that FIFA is worth a lot. EA stock is at 37.5. btw.
Service and Other Revenue
For fiscal year 2014, service and other revenue was $1,441 million, primarily driven by FIFA Ultimate Team,Star Wars: The Old Republic, and SimCity. Service and other revenue for fiscal year 2014 increased $382 million, or 36 percent, as compared to fiscal year 2013. This increase was driven by a $468 million increase primarily from the FIFA and SimCity franchises, and The Simpsons: Tapped Out. This increase was partially offset by an $86 million decrease primarily from lower revenue from The Sims Social, which shut down in June 2013, Star Wars: The Old Republic, as well as Pogo-branded online game services.
Digital Revenue
Digital revenue (previously disclosed as "wireless, Internet-derived, and advertising (digital) revenue") includes sales of software distributed through direct download via the Internet. This includes internally-developed and co-published game software distributed through our direct-to-consumer platform Origin, distributed wirelessly through mobile carriers, or licensed to our third-party publishing partners who distribute our games digitally. This includes our full-game downloads, mobile and tablet revenue (each of which are generally classified as product revenue with the exception of our MMO game downloads and freemium mobile games, which are classified as service revenue), as well as subscription services, micro-transactions, and advertising revenues (each of which is generally classified as service and other revenue).
For fiscal year 2014, digital Net Revenue before Revenue Deferral was $1,793 million, an increase of $130 million, or 8%, as compared to fiscal year 2013. This increase is due to (1) a $297 million or 24 percent increase in full game download, extra content and free-to-play sales primarily driven by FIFA 14, Battlefield 4, and FIFA Online 3.These increases were partially offset by a $167 million or 39 percent decrease in subscription sales primarily driven by Battlefield 3 Premium subscription, Star Wars: The Old Republic and FIFA 13. In the previous year, Star Wars: The Old Republic was a subscription-only based MMO. This year, some of the revenue from this title was recognized in the free-to-play category as we expanded this title to be both a subscription and free-to-play game.
Advanced Member
Joined: 11/10/05
Hahaha! /thumbsup
Originally posted by Uhwop
Let me introduce to you the power of 'Graphs! / 3rd grade Math / Trends'.
Just /facepalm.
Gdemami -
Novice Member
Joined: 9/06/07
im glad swtor is doing good since i enjoy the game and the star wars universe, and the proof u have of it doing good is u get more content, so it must gives them money. so stop hating, some of us enjoy swtor and want him alive more time
Originally posted by catlana
Anyone in their right mind will see that, and since every EA report is like that its clearly visible EA hides SWTOR numbers even from shareholders.
Fifa is know money maker, and EA financial reports tend to lump know money maker like FIFA (world cup 2014 anyone) and SWTOR which never was clear how it was doing financially (well, it was VERY clear during all the layoffs and server merges). Why do they do that? Look up
So yeah, if you read IN DEPTH WITH COMPREHENSION(opposed to OP) you will see that things dont look rosey for SWTOR at all, and it certainly aint growing
You are just verifying what ive been saying all along, but you are willing to spend way much more time than i am to educate forum users on this site, but i learned before its exercise in futility and eventually ban worthy (as you can see that same suspects spew same nonsense all over again because they cant comprehend what exactly EA is saying here, in fact what they are doing is called very bad spin attempt)
Oh, and somehow random internetz sites are now proof of anything, and sanctioned by this site, calling out BS numbers with NO base in anything is also ban worthy (along with getting trolled). But yeah, thats what this forums turned to, random internet numbers are now even cited in articles, and that alone is 10000000000 times facepalms worthy.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 11/22/05
I feel like I've read this thread before. Like...a thousand times.
EA shuts mmos down when they don't pull their weight. At no point has EA ever carried an mmo and continued to develop new content for it when it was in the red. That alone should tell you how it's doing. When the game gets put on cruise control like warhammer was, then you know it's in trouble.
Originally posted by DamonVile
You arent looking at the big picture. At no point has EA poured so much money in a game. There is a breaking point where they have to make it work to at least soften the blow to acceptable levels.
Shutting down SWTOR would probably cost them more than what they did, and they will probably recoup some of the loses (if SWTOR lasts long enough they may even some day break even). Amd IT HAS and IT WILL affect all players, as it has effected me - no more class stories, bread and butter of SWTOR, and after doing all 8 im pretty much done with the game, 1 raid/FP/daily/WZ per year doesnt really make much of incentive.
The luxury they had, to do what they did with "other MMOs", just wasnt/isnt the option for SWTOR (you also have to look at what state EA was at that point, basically at lowest share price ever).
But yeah, it actually takes effort and comprehension (and background) to stomach it, something that most of forum posters dont have/want to do. Its their chioice, but that choice also carries responsibilty of not spewing nonsense, even trolling those who do (which they have absolutely no problem with as clearly shown)
Originally posted by Malabooga
'Random Internet Numbers' ROFL!
Yep, keep on spouting the 'denial' line.
If EA's financial statements can't convince you then like I said in my OP, you have bigger issues.
Gdemami -
Novice Member
Joined: 2/20/11
Here is some information from an EA stock portfolio report.
This is really the bottom line. These strong numbers encourage continued projects and if SWTOR is doing well, which it appears to be doing, than this is good news for its continuation. From the game itself, it appears the f2p model has benefited them. Some additional stock information is below.
Many brokers identified Electronic Arts (EA) as an unusual social activity candidate. In addition to specific proprietary factors, Trade-Ideas identified Electronic Arts as such a stock due to the following factors:
History has shown that identifying stocks with unusual social activity tends to be a valuable process for traders looking to capitalize on the talk of the town stocks that are basking in far more attention from the financial community than normal.
Novice Member
Joined: 3/03/10
Anyone that plays SWTOR can tell it is doing fine. Log on and go to the Galatic Trade Market. Look up Cartel items and see how many are listed. All those Cartel items were purchased with RL money. pages and pages of them on each and every server. Revenue flows into this game just fine.
To add to that. I was on Korriban the other night on my 55 (the starter planet) picking up some achievements that I had missed. It was super active, I couldn't move along any path without bumping into a low level character every few seconds. Just as active as the 55 areas.
Apprentice Member
Joined: 7/26/14
People I know who play SWTOR tell me that many of the game's problems have been fixed. And it's a pretty good f2p deal. No reason not to try it.
Elite Member
Joined: 9/27/12
Originally posted by Fingz
Yep, they've spent a lot of time and effort on strengthening the foundations. Something the upcoming housing system along with the new things for guilds to do will expand upon.
My SWTOR referral link for those wanting to give the game a try. (Newbies get a welcome package while returning players get a few account upgrades to help with their preferred status.)


text:
In my project I need a function which returns the index of the largest element of a given vector. Just like
max. For more than one entry with the same maximum value (which occurs frequently) the function should choose one randomly. Unlike
The function is a subfunction in a MATLAB Function Block in Simulink. And the whole Simulink model is compiled.
My basic idea was:
function ind = findOpt(vector)
index_max = find(vector == max(vector));
random = randi([1,length(index_max)],1);
ind = index_max(random);
But I got problems with the comparison in
find and with
I found out about safe comparison here: Problem using the find function in MATLAB. Also I found a way to replace
randi([1,imax],1): Implement 'randi' using 'rand' in MATLAB.
My Code now looks like this:
function ind = findOpt(vector)
tolerance = 0.00001;
index_max = find(abs(vector - max(vector)) < tolerance);
random = ceil(length(index_max)*rand(1));
ind = index_max(random);
Still doesn't work. I understand that the length of index_max is unclear and causes problems. But I can not think of any way to know it before. Any ideas how to solve this?
Also, I'm shocked that
ceil doesn't work when the code gets executed?? In debug mode there is no change to the input visible.
I thought about creating an array like:
index_max = abs(vector - max(vector)) < tolerance; But not sure how that could help. Also, it doesn't solve my problem with the random selection.
Hopefully somebody has more ideas or at least could give me some hints!
I am using MATLAB R2012b (32bit) on a Windows7-64bit PC, with the Lcc-win32 C 2.4.1 compiler.
Vector usually is of size 5x1 and contains values between -2000 and zero which are of type double, e.g.
vector = [-1000 -1200 -1000 -1100 -1550]'. But I think such a simple function should work with any kind of input vector.
The call of
length(index_max) causes an system error in MATLAB and forces me to shut it down. I guess this is due to the strange return I get from
find. For a vector with all the same values the return from
find is something like
[1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 0.000]' which doesn't make any sense to me at all.