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The Cottages on Lindberg
- Work 1-765-269-9434
- West Lafayette, IN
- 40.447627 -86.940859
Shenandoah Properties
- Work 1-765-637-9626
- Lafayette, IN
- 40.422313 -86.847031
Southern Winds
- Work 1-765-637-9737
- Lafayette, IN
- 40.371553 -86.917041
Peppermill Village
- Work 1-765-637-9623
- West Lafayette, IN
- 40.462224 -86.925321
6 Valley Center Apartments For Rent
Lafayette, IN
We found 6 apartments for rent in the Valley Center neighborhood of Lafayette, Indiana. Refine your search by using the filter at the top of the page to view 1, 2 or 3+ bedroom apartments for rent in Valley Center as well as cheap apartments, pet friendly apartments, apartments with utilities included and more. Use our customizable guide to refine your options for apartments in Valley Center and find exactly what you want during your Lafayette, Indiana apartment search.
Regency SpringsExact - 103 South 4th Street Lafayette, IN 4790140.41627779603 -86.892969980836+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
Regency Springs Apartments is now leasing brand new luxury one and two bedroom apartment homes for rent in Downtown Lafayette, Indiana. We offer stainless steel appliances, granite counter-tops, walk-in closest, underground parking, convenient location to downtown shopping and dining.
- Brand New 1 & 2 Bedroom Luxury Apartment Homes
- Convenient Downtown Lafayette Location
- Stainless Steel Appliances
- Granite Countertops
- Indoor Parking Available
- On Bus Route
- Walking Distance to Shopping & Fine Dining
- 2 Elevators
- Full Size Washer & Dryer in Every Home
- State of the Art Fitness Center
- Controlled Access with Cameras
- All Homes equipped with Balconies
Cole Property ManagementExact - 1626 Main Street Lafayette, IN 4790440.416965782642 -86.878102496266+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
We offer studios, one, two, three and four bedroom apartment/homes for rent in Downtown Lafayette, Indiana. All our properties are minutes to Purdue University, Ivy Tech Community College, I-65 and Tippecanoe Mall. We certainly have a rental home that meets or exceeds your wish list. CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW.COLERENTALS.COM FOR A FULL DETAILED LISTING OF WHAT WE HAVE TO OFFER!
- Historic Downtown Lafayette Rentals
- Now Leasing Studios, 1, 2, 3 & 4 Bedroom Homes
- Minutes to Purdue University and Ivy Tech
- On City Bus Route
- Professional and Friendly Staff
- Garages Available * Locations Vary
- Washer & Dryers or Hook-ups * Locations Vary
- Walking Distance to Dining and Entertainment
- Also visit us at www.colerentals.com
- Rents starting at $375 per month
- 24 Hour Emergency Maintenance Services
- Maintenance Free Living at its Best
Consolidated Property ManagementExact - 1801 Main Street Lafayette, IN 4790440.415123 -86.87648+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
Consolidated Property Management offers a variety of apartments, duplexes, townhomes and single family homes for rent in the Lafayette, Indiana area. With locations varying from on Campus, West Lafayette Downtown and Lafayette, Indiana . We specialize in 1, 2 , 3 & 4 Bedroom Rentals.
- Apartments and Homes for Rent in Lafayette, IN
- On Campus and Downtown Lafayette
- Pet Friendly
- Newly Remodeled Units*
- W/D Connections or W/D in Unit
- On-site Management
- Near Public Transportation
- Water/Sewer/Trash Paid* In select Rentals
- Free Resident and Guest Parking* In select Rentals
- Balconies/Patios * In select Rentals
- Large Floor Plans and Closets
- We offer all Major Appliances
Valley Tower & Prospect Hill ApartmentsExact - 300 Valley Street Lafayette, IN 4790140.41438293457 -86.885246276855+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
Valley Tower & Prospect Hill Apartment Homes are centrally located in Downtown Lafayette, Indiana. We are just minutes to Purdue University, Ivy Tech, Wabash National, Caterpillar, IU Arnett Hospital and Saint Elizabeth Hospital. We offer large 1, 2 & 3 Bedroom Luxury Apartments equipped with granite countertops, hardwood floors, ceremic tile showers, garage parking and much more* In select homes
- 1, 2 & 3 Bedroom Luxury Apartment Homes
- Downtown Lafayette, Indiana
- Minutes to Purdue University
- Granite Coutertops* In Select Homes
- Stainless Steel Appliances* In Select Homes
- Ceremic Tile Showers* In Select Homes
- Hardwood Flooring* In Select Homes
- Pet Friendly
- Attached Garage Parking Optional
- Controlled Access with Elevators* Call for details
- Professional Management
- Water, Sewage & Trash Paid
- Apartments within 10 miles of Lafayette, IN
Wabash LandingNearby - 375 Brown Street West Lafayette, IN 4790640.422022564808 -86.900886130855+−Preview DetailsCollapse Details
Wabash Landing is a modern luxury apartment community resting just off the banks of the legendary Wabash River in West Lafayette, IN. You will enjoy an abundance of upscale amenities such as 9-foot ceilings trimmed with crown molding, microwaves, spacious one or two bedrooms with walk-in closets, roomy balconies and breathtaking views. Full-size washer and dryer in each unit. Minutes to Purdue University, Downtown Lafayette, Purdue Research Park, State Farm, Arnett Hospital, St E. Hospital.
- Sign-up Today Your Modern Apartment Home
- Controlled Access Building w/Intercom
- Large Spacious 1 & 2 Bedroom Apartment Homes
- Granite Countertops
- On-line Payment & Maintenance Requests
- Walk-in Closets
- Washer & Dryer in Every Apartment
- Reserved Parking Space in Attached Garage
- 9 Ft Tray Ceilings
- 24-Hour Fitness Center
- Modern Lighting
- Hardwood Style Flooring
Center Street/17th Street
1616 Center Street | Lafayette, IN See Other Communities
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Discover a selection of top forums revolutions clover on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums revolutions clover and meet other fans of revolutions clover. Then, why don't you create your own forum of revolutions clover ?
A Place To Discuss Custom Hero Arena.
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A forum for all things Pokémon. Join our League today! We have Gym Leaders, Elite 5, and many other members for you to battle. We also have lots of art contests and regular Pokémon tournaments. This is an extension of sweetcharm. net
pokemon, pokémon, league, gaming, wifi, online, battle, elite, community, adopt, adoptables, pets, contests, prizes, ribbons, chat, sprites, fanfic

subset: commoncrawl


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Select Local Merchants
Bridges Scoreboard Restaurant and Sports BarRead MoreA culinary gem, Bridges Scoreboard Restaurant and Sports Bar in Griffith is a well-known spot for appetizing pub food and tasty pizza. It's a culinary destination for those looking for good food. If you're wanting to plan ahead, most folks will be quick to share that later in the week (Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays) will be the best time to visit. There's not really a recommended attire, so feel free to dress comfortably. Also, there is a juke box, so keep in mind that things can get a little loud. It's a good option for families with children, large groups, and dancing. WiFi is available if you want to get some work done, and in addition to its convenient take-out menu, the restaurant even provides catering for events around town. Or, if you just want to pop in for a beverage, the restaurant does have a pretty decent selection at its bar. Specializing in lunch, dinner, and even good late-night food, Bridges Scoreboard Restaurant and Sports Bar definitely won't leave you disappointed. Don't worry about trying to find a spot on the street, as visitors to the restaurant do have access to a private parking lot nearby.121 N Griffith BlvdGriffith, IN US
LucillesRead MoreIf you have a hankering for something extra tasty, sample the menu at Griffith's Lucilles. Sound levels can reach upper decibel levels at the restaurant, so sensitive ears beware! The restaurant fills up on the weekends, so keep that in mind before heading out. For patrons' convenience, nearby parking is readily available. Make use of the safe and efficient bike parking at Lucilles. Payment is simple and all major credit cards are accepted.343 N Broad StGriffith, IN US
Final Rounds Sports BarRead MoreChow down on all of your pub favorites at Final Rounds Sports Bar. Dieters looking for low-fat options will be out of luck, though, as taste trumps caloric value here. Parking is provided in a nearby lot, so diners can easily walk to and from their cars. No matter what you choose off the menu at Final Rounds Sports Bar, you won't completely break the bank with prices averaging around $30.105 N Broad StGriffith, IN US
Franco's of HighlandRead MoreCraving finger food? Head to Franco's of Highland and chow down on classic pub fare. Catch the sports highlights on one of the TVs at Franco's of Highland. Al fresco eating options are also available at Franco's of Highland, which presents a lovely patio seating area for warmer months. Treat your ears to some live tunes — the bar frequently features a DJ or band. It's easy to get down and dance at Franco's of Highland when there's a live DJ spinning the best beats. Be prepared to raise your voice, though — the bar can get noisy. If crowds aren't your thing, it's best to visit Franco's of Highland during the slower weekday hours. There is parking close to the bar. Make use of the luxurious bike racks at Franco's of Highland.2712 Condit StHighland, IN US
Beer GeeksRead MoreThe 20 taps at the Beer Geeks' pub are filled with a rotating selection of microbrews and craft beers from around the world. Cask-conditioned ales are the product of the pub's on-site beer engine, and the rest of the bar's staggering selection beers and ciders come bottled. The bottles include craft brews, mass-produced classics, and Trappist beers brewed at seven Trapist monasteries in Belgium and the Netherlands where monks still make beer by hand. To complement the bitter hops of their suds, Beer Geeks hosts top Chicago blues musicians every Tuesday night.3030 45th StHighland, IN US
GrowlersRead MoreAt Growlers, you can snack away on tasty pub grub. Growlers is fully loaded with TVs for your viewing pleasure. It is not uncommon for Growlers to feature live tunes or a DJ. Dance the night away to Growlers' live music. Between the music and the crowds, Growlers' noise levels can be intense. Interested in eating out over the weekend? Keep in mind that the bar gets swamped on Fridays and Saturdays, and service may take longer than expected. Heading to Growlers for a tasty meal? Drive on over and park in a matter of seconds. Prices are affordable, with a typical meal running under $30.2816 Highway AveHighland, IN US


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Jonerz / Great to see David doing more gigs with his uber talented band! This was an irtenesting event choice. I noticed they do many things with scouting. What a nice way of David to support the Boy Scouts of America and the U.S. Constitution! Way to represent David! :)
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My prlboem was a wall until I read this, then I smashed it.
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text: Will Smith Will Start Saints OTAs as a Linebacker From ProFootballTalk.com May 20, 2013 Share Tweet Next ARTICLE » Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Chris Graythen/Getty Images 35 Reads 0 Comments Will Smith had to take a huge pay cut to stay a Saint. Now, he's making another significant adjustment. Continue Reading on ProFootballTalk.com »


text: The doctrine of "peaceful coexistence" was the leitmotiv of Soviet foreign policy after the de-Stalinization campaign officially began in 1956, when Premier Khrushchev assumed political leadership in the Soviet Union. In his address to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party on 17 October 1961, Premier Khrushchev assured his audience of top-level, Soviet decision makers that the principles of peaceful coexistence, which he attributed to Lenin, had "always been the central feature of Soviet foreign policy." Premier Khrushchev coupled his remarks on peaceful coexistence with a call for more extensive business relations with all countries, including Britain, France, Italy, West Germany, and other West European countries. Peaceful coexistence and peaceful economic competition, as identified by Premier Khrushchev, were thus firmly linked as the two major elements in the post-Stalin, Soviet diplomatic and political offensive in the West and in the neutralist third world. Apart from its significance in what might be called the polemics of Soviet-Western relations during the Khrushchev era, the subject of peaceful coexistence had been on the agenda and had also been extensively debated at all the biennial reunions, since 1956, of the International Law Association — a worldwide, scientific association of international lawyers that had managed to transcend the ideological frontiers of the communist and capitalist blocs. Beyond this, the United Nations General As


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Could you be the great assistant I'm seeking to work part time and handle many of the pesky administrative details for my prospering businesses in Davis County? Busy business owner constantly buried with far too much to do, needs a very organized, detail-oriented assistant 21 hrs or more weekly in his Davis County office. It is 2:00 AM in the morning; I was awoken from sleep by the things I must get done! I own a grown and growing Real Estate Lending Co in Davis County Utah for 20 years now. I was shocked awaken because I have too much to do???all the paperwork, schedules, emails, website administrative duties, actions for marketing campaigns, etc that go with running a business are killing me ! Can you help elevate the loss of sleep by chandelling some of these details? Are you somebody, who???s superb at handling details----a loyal, hardworking behind-the-scenes person whom always follows through and almost never misses a deadline. . . so productive your last employer hated to see you go and had to hire 2 people to replace you after you left . . . who loves to work with numbers, is very familiar with doing business via email and on the internet?????? understands how to use office products by MS. . . who is comfortable with the small business environment where priorities can change quickly. . . a super organized get it done type person who is also very good at talking on the phone with people ? . . . maybe somebody who would like being part of something that is bigger, that truly enriches people's lives? If so we should talk because you just might be the great assistant I am looking for 21 hrs or more per week ( 9:30 to 5 PM Tuesday thru Thursday) the pay is negotiable and our office dress code is casual. I am not too concerned if you???ve not worked for awhile and you don't need a resume to apply, though if you have one your proud of, send it along. Think you might be the person I'm looking for? Need more information? You may visit www.benefits4uprogram.com to see one of our marketing strategies. What type of work do I do? We make money-providing valuable services to businesses and to people. We have umpteen yrs of experience in 3 areas, the real-estate Lending Business the finance business advising people about finances and saving money and a brain health supplement! Hopefully with your help I'll be able to get my life back, work decent hours and get my sleep.
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My husband was executed in broad daylight. Help me and my family get justice.
by Moira Jilani · 2,806 supporters
Petition Update
June 11 Memorials
Moira Jilani
East Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories
May 26, 2012 — Dear friends,
June 11th will be two years since my husband Ziad Jilani was executed by Israeli border-policeman Maxim Vinogradov in Occupied East Jerusalem.
June 11th is also nine days before the Israeli State prosecutor must reply to a petition to the Israeli Supreme court by al Mezan center for human rights on behalf of myself and my daughters as to why he will not press charges against Ziad's killer.
We need to let Israel's state prosecutor know that the world is watching his decision and that ZIad will not be forgotten. We hope that this knowledge will help him to do the right thing.
Sign up to attend a memorial for Ziad on June 11th here: http://killingwithoutconsequence.com/?page_id=230
Trending petitions


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- Episode Description
Safe is the last episode in the first season of The Protector from Lifetime. Gloria and Michelle investigate the seemingly senseless death of a hippie bookstore owner. Soon, the detectives learn the hippie's life was much more complicated than it first appeared. Meanwhile, Gloria and Michelle both have significant happenings in their personal life.
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text:
A slide-screen for back projection has a standing and/or suspended frame (1) and a projection surface arranged within it. The projection surface is made double-skinned and consists of a plastics or similar translucent partition (3), which allows through light rays (5) coming from a reflector (4), and a natural or synthetic glass viewing screeen (2) which reflects the impinging light rays (5) in the direction of the translucent partition (3) preventing dissipation of the light.
1. In a slide-screen for back projection, having a frame and a projection surface arranged within said frame, the improvement which comprises that the projection surface is double-skinned and consists of:
(i) a curved translucent partition which lets through light rays coming from a reflector, and
(ii) a natural or synthetic glass viewing screen which reflects the impinging light rays in the direction of the translucent partition while preventing the dissipation of light.
2. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the translucent partition is made convexly curved outwards towards the light rays.
3. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the translucent partition is concavely curved inwards in the direction of the light rays.
4. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the partition is curved in all directions.
5. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the translucent partition is a rigid pre-moulded, curved sheet section.
6. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the translucent partition consists of a flexible or resilient foil which can be deformed by means of differential air pressure.
7. A slide-screen, according to claim 6, wherein the convexly curved translucent partition foil is held deformed by means of compressed air or vacuum introduced between it and the viewing screen.
8. A slide-screen, according to claim 7, wherein the frame is fitted with a valve for introducing compressed air into or raising a vacuum in a space between viewing screen and translucent partition foil.
9. A slide-screen according to claim 8, wherein the viewing screen and the translucent partition are sealed in the frame.
10. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the viewing screen is flat.
11. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein the viewing screen is curved.
12. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, comprising between the viewing screen and the translucent partition a matt, tinted or white colored light-inhibiting material such as a foam material, which darkens or brightens the light rays.
13. A slide-screen according to claim 1, wherein, on the frame adjacent to the translucent partition, there is removably hinged a pivotable mirror for deflected projection.
14. A slide-screen, according to claim 1, wherein, on the frame adjacent to the translucent partition, there are removably hinged a plurality of partitions which can be opened up to make the slide-screen into a box, and which when not being used can be folded together as a package, running along the frame parallel to the viewing screen.
15. A slide-screen, according to claim 14, wherein one of the box partitions consists of the mirror.
16. A slide-screen, according to claim 14, wherein the frame is provided with a peripheral groove for removably securing hinges of the mirror and the partitions, as well as the locking devices of the partitions when folded against the frame.
The invention relates to a slide-screen, for back projection which consists of a standing and/or suspended frame and a projection surface arranged within it.
In slide-screens of this type, which have become familiar in practice, the projection surfaces consist of single-skin, rollable or naturally rigid plastics foils or sheets, which are designed for back projection in darkened or undarkened rooms. What is disadvantageous here is that dissipation of light during projection cannot be prevented and consequently the optimum picture cannot be achieved.
The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved slide-screen, of the type referred to above, wherein dissipation of light is prevented by means of a simple and low-price structure of the projection surface, so that consequently the projected picture is optimum.
This problem is resolved, according to the invention, by the structure recited in the characterising clause section of claim 1 of the appended claims, features quoted in the appended sub-claims representing technically advantageous extensions of the solution to the problem. The invention covers not only the specifications of the individual claims, but also their combination.
The slide-screen according to the invention is expediently provided with a double-skinned projection surface forming a viewing screen made of natural or synthetic glass and a curved foil or sheet-like translucent partition, the light rays which penetrate the translucent partition impinging on the viewing screen, the excess light being reflected to the translucent partition, so that this residual light is also accumulated in the image, as a result of which no dissipation of light occurs and an optimum picture is produced on the viewing screen.
By means of the panoramic translucent partition, the reflected residual light is evenly accumulated over the whole picture, and the viewing screen shows a perfectly illuminated image.
The double-skinned projection surface is simple and cheap to produce, and can be produced in different sizes without great extra cost. Despite the double-skinned design of the projection surface, the slide-screen according to the invention is small in depth and can be put away in a space-saving manner.
The slide-screen looks like a television screen.
It is possible to project expediently on to the slide-screen in catalogue form, so that the screen can be used stationarily, e.g. in display windows, or mobilely, e.g. in vehicles, to produce a very good advertising effect.
Furthermore, the slide-screen is fitted with, or can be subsequently fitted with, a mirror on the projector side which can swivel upwards, by means of which deflected projection is possible, since the mirror can be set at an angle to the viewing screen in a quick and simple manner.
In addition, the slide-screen has on the projector side several panels, preferably one to each side of the frame, which panels are also mounted on the frame so that they can swivel, or can be subsequently mounted, so that a shaft for projection results from the swivelled up panels, and by this means the slide-screen is structured as a box. These panels and the mirror, when not in use, can respectively be swivelled flat against the frame.
The deflected projection by means of the mirror, and the box structure obtained by means of the folding panels, represent further solutions to the problem for a versatile employment of the slide-screen, which can be extended expediently by these parts as build-on kits, and which will as a result grow in usefulness.
Some embodiments of the invention, by way of example are hereinafter described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a slide-screen;
FIG. 2 is a vertical section through a slide-screen with flat viewing screen and convexly curved translucent partition;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section through a slide-screen with flat viewing screen and concavely curved translucent partition;
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-section through part of a slide-screen and the frame containing the translucent partition;
FIG. 5 is a vertical section through a slide-screen with a mirror;
FIG. 6 is a vertical section through a slide-screen structured as a box.
The slide-screen for back projection has a standing or suspended frame 1, in which a projection surface is arranged. This projection surface is double-skinned and consists of a natural or synthetic glass viewing screen 2 on the front, and a naturally rigid, or flexible or elastic translucent partition 3 behind.
The glass screen 2 is made flat or curved, either concave or convex. The translucent partition 3 is also curved, the curvature being fixed by the manufacturer, or being produced by the user and moreover with the size of curvature being adjustable.
The light rays 5 coming from a projector 4 first impinge on the curved translucent partition 3 and penetrate the latter, so that the rays 5 fall on the flat or curved viewing screen 2, on which the picture then appears visible.
The light rays 5 impinging on the viewing screen 2, while avoiding dissipation of light and utilising all the residual light, are reflected on to the curved translucent partition 3, so that the entire radiation of light is utilised to produce an optimum picture, the residual light is accumulated on the picture.
The natural glass or plastic screen 2 is glass clear, whitish or tinted.
The translucent partition, which is curved at least in the lateral and height directions and preferably in all directions, consists of a matt (milky) plastics or some other suitable material.
For the embodiment of the translucent partition 3 as a naturally rigid sheet section, the latter is premoulded in its curvature and consequently has an enduring curvature.
This translucent partition 3 can be curved convexly against the light rays (cf. FIG. 2) and it can also be made concavely curved in the direction of the rays 5 (cf. FIG. 3). The same effect of complete utilisation of the light arises in both curvature embodiments.
If the translucent partition 3 consists of a flexible and/or elastic plastics foil, the curvature is produced by means of compressed air or a vacuum. In doing so the foil 3 is hermetically closed with the screen 2 in the frame 1, and compressed air is introduced, or a vacuum is raised, in the space 6 between screen 2 and translucent partition 3, for which purpose the frame 1 is fitted with an appropriate valve 7.
The embodiment of slide-screen according to Fig. 2 has a convexly curved translucent partition 3, the curvature of which arises in every direction of the foil as a result of introducing compressed air through valve 7, since this compressed air presses the foil 3 away from the viewing screen 2, and the compressed air determines and maintains the deformation of the translucent partition 3.
The embodiment of slide-screen according to FIG. 3 has a concavely curved translucent partition 3 the deformation of which, in the direction of viewing screen 2, is produced by raising a vacuum in space 6, to which a vacuum-producer is connected at valve 7.
When the slide-screen is not in use, the compressed air or the vacuum can be released through the valve 7, so that the translucent foil 3 returns to its initial flat position. In doing so, for the embodiment according to FIG. 2, an extremely flat slide-screen is produced, since the foil 3 almosts rests against the viewing screen 2, and the frame 1 is narrow, having a small depth.
The frame 1 can be made of metal, such as aluminium and formed from a U-section which, with its U-legs as holding lips, overlaps the viewing screen 2 and the translucent partition 3; the frame keeps both parts 2,3 hermetically sealed outwardly.
There is also the option of making the frame 1 out of a plastic frame (cf. FIG. 4), the viewing screen 2 and translucent partition 3 being laid in a mould or in the metal frame 1, and the space between frame 1 and the two projection parts 2 and 3 being filled up with plastics, to produce an intimate and tight joint between plastics frame 1, viewing screen 2 and translucent partition 3. The frame 1 may be fitted at the top with suspension eyes (not shown), or at the bottom with stand feet 9 which swivel about vertical spindles 8, the feet when not in use being swivelled into the plane of the frame, consequently being no wider than the frame 1.
A directional projector 4 is used for projection. Back projection with the slide-screen can be carried out in darkened as well as in undarkened rooms.
Between the two partitions 2, 3 a light-inhibiting material e.g. foam plastic in matt, tinted or white coloring, may be installed in the space 6, as a result of which the light rays are darkened or brightened, by which means yet another improved utilisation of the light rays is arrived at.
The slide-screen may be made in different sizes (width times height).
As FIG. 5 shows, the frame 1 is made of plastics and accommodates in sealed manner in grooves 10 the glass viewing screen 2 and the translucent partition 3. There is pivotably hinged at frame 1 adjacent to translucent partition 3, a mirror 11 which when at an angle of 45� makes possible the deflection of the light rays 5 (cf. the angled course of the light rays), and which at an angle of 90� is put out of action and then permits back projection (cf. the straight course of the light rays.).
This mirror can swivel about a hinge 12 on the frame and can be swung against the frame 1 parallel to the glass viewing screen 2, being retained by a locking device 13, such as a retaining bar, on the frame 1, and consequently covering the translucent partition side of the frame (cf. solid lines in FIG. 5). For the journalling of the mirror, the frame 1 is grooved at 14 and the hinge 12 of the mirror is inserted and secured in this groove. The locking device 13 also engages releasably in the latter.
According to the further embodiment as in FIG. 6, the slide-screen is structured as a box. The frame is structured as in FIG. 5 and is also fitted with a mirror 11 which extends from one side of the frame. The three other peripheral sides of the frame also each have a hinged partition 15, so that by opening up the three partitions 15 and the mirror 11 through 90� in each case, a peripherally sealed shaft 16 is formed for back projecting. The three partitions 15, and the mirror 11 are each held by a hinge 12 in the peripheral groove 14 of the frame 1. The three partitions 15 can be folded down flat together with the mirror 11, so that they lie together flatly as a partition package and run parallel to the viewing screen 2 on the side of the frame next to the translucent partition 3.
The opened position of all partitions 11,15 is shown in FIG. 6.
Instead of mirror 11, the frame 1 may be fitted only with partitions 11,15 which are in each case connected to a frame side, consist of non-translucent material, and make the slide-screen into a box.
The mirror and the hinged partitions 15 may be fitted to the frame subsequently so that the latter can, if required, also be used for deflected projection and be fitted out as a box. These partitions 11,15 may also be removed and installed at any time.
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text:
107 Cambridge Dr S, Milledgeville, GA 31061
3 beds2.5 baths1,808 sqft Edit
This home is not currently listed for sale or rent on Zillow.
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My NotesEdit
- Lot: 1 acres
- Single Family
- Built in 1993
- Views: 281 all time views
- Cooling: Central
- Heating: Other
- Last sold: May 2011 for $148,500
- Fireplace
- Exterior material: Stone
- Foundation type: Masonry
- Roof type: Asphalt
- Stories: 1.5
- Floor size: 1,808 sqft
- Parcel #: 087B 002
- Zillow Home ID: 98944949
Zestimate Details
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Homes like this sold for $104-198K.
Neighborhood: 31061
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- 261 Arbor WayStudio, -- baths
-- sqft, 47,916 sqft lot, built in --
- 240 Arbor Way4 beds, 3.5 baths
2,912 sqft, 65,340 sqft lot, built in 2005
- 251 Arbor WayStudio, -- baths
-- sqft, 43,560 sqft lot, built in --
- 3065 Heritage Rd3 beds, 2 baths
1,873 sqft, 76,230 sqft lot, built in 1981
- 3022 Newall Dr NE3 beds, 2 baths
1,817 sqft, 103,237 sqft lot, built in 1979
- 161 Pearl Dr NEStudio, -- baths
-- sqft, -- sqft lot, built in --
- 341 Greystone Dr4 beds, 4.5 baths
3,600 sqft, 43,560 sqft lot, built in 2006
- 200 Arbor WayStudio, -- baths
-- sqft, 69,696 sqft lot, built in --
- 201 Arbor WayStudio, -- baths
-- sqft, 69,696 sqft lot, built in --
- 1405 Pecan Blvd2 beds, 1 baths
638 sqft, 6,240 sqft lot, built in 1960
- 3757 Windsor Way NE3 beds, 3 baths
1,968 sqft, 43,995 sqft lot, built in 1989
|Other Units in this Building (1)
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Nearby Schools in Milledgeville
GreatSchools ratings give an overview of a school's test results. The ratings are based on a comparison of test results for all schools in the state.
Disclaimer: School attendance zone boundaries are supplied by Maponics and are subject to change. Check with the applicable school district prior to making a decision based on these boundaries.
School Rating
Creekside Elementary (assigned)K-53.1 mi
Oak Hill Middle (assigned)6-83.2 mi
Baldwin High (assigned)9-122.5 mi
Data by GreatSchools.org
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Katsucon 2016 Pre-Registration
- Film, Media & Entertainment
- 201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, Maryland 20745 USA
Georgia State Society Wine Tour
The Georgia State Society of Washington, D.C.
Saturday, November 13, 2010 from 12:00 PM to 6:00 PM (EST)
Come join the Georgia State Society for a day of wine tasting in Virgina wine country.
Ticket includes transportation, wine tasting, and winery tour.
Wine and snacks will be available for purchase, however feel free to bring your own.
We will leave from a location in DC TBD - look for a follow up email!
For future ticket listings, please visit our website by clicking here
The Georgia State Society is a social non-profit organization of Georgians and friends of Georgians who are living in the Washington, D.C. area.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Just because the vice presidential candidate dated a Black woman in college doesn't mean he's a good leader for African-Americans.
It's been well established now that Paul Ryan, Mitt Romney's choice for vice president, is not very beloved in the African-American community.
Because Ryan's commitment to America's Black community is being called into question, some reporters have pointed to the fact that, in 2005, Ryan said in an interview that his "college sweetheart" was Black. Does dating a Black person mean that Ryan empathizes with the African-American community more than people know? In a word, no.
While dating a Black woman certainly may mean that, at one point in his life, Paul Ryan really liked a Black person, it doesn't really say anything about how he feels about the African-American community as a whole. Nor does it say anything about how he'd govern African-Americans in the office of vice president.
I've met several racists in my time who say that I'm "not like" those other Black people. That is to say, I was alright with them, but Blacks as a whole they didn't like. I'm not saying that's what Paul Ryan's done in his life, nor am I calling him a racist. But it's important to keep in mind at times like these that "I dated a Black girl once" is akin to the oldest line in the book: "I'm not racist, I've got a Black friend." Having a Black friend and being a good leader to African-Americans are two different things.
The opinions here do not necessarily reflect those of the BET Networks.
BET Politics - Your source for the latest news, photos and videos illuminating key issues and personalities in African-American political life, plus commentary from some of our liveliest voices. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter.
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Town Fair Tire Sports Tonight - What are the reasons for Tom Brady's struggles?
More Video
John Tomase on Shane Victorino starting in left field: 'I talked to Mookie and his feelings aren't hurt at all'
About the Show
Town Fair Tire Sports Tonight brings you the best discussion of the sports topics of the day with athletes, team personnel, and the most influential voices in the media.
Michael Felger break it all down on Comcast SportsNet


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Licensed for 32 years
Go back to Camille's profile.


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This little boy was whelped Sep. 11th and will be ready for his new home Nov. 6th @ 8 weeks old.. Like all our pups he is AKC reg. He will come with his AKC puppy papers, Health record, he will be UTD on shots & dewormed.. His tail has been docked and dew claws removed. He has been well socialized and Loves people.. For more information on him, us and our kennels visit Quarter Circle D Kennels @ www.quartercircledkennels.com
Ad location: CLARKSON, Kentucky
Ad created: Oct 25, 2012
Contact Information
Contact Name: Angel Adams
270-459-1602Contact breeder through email Click here to visit website
Quarter Circle D Kennels Breeder Information


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Re: [NTB] Line wrap at column
Expand Messages
- Hi Jim,
>> NoteTab Pro wraps to a specified column in real time, as you type.:-)
>That's what I really needed! Updating it continously would be a pain.
>> Look in Help for the Comparison Chart to see some of theNo, no plans for the future at the present time. I know of a
>> features that differ. Please reference NoteTab's Glossary from
>> the Help menu for any terms you may not understand.
>> (hopefully, they are in there. ;)
>Yep! I found it in there. Thanks a lot. Now to mention a dirty
>word and put it up against Ultra-Edit... I may want Hex-Editing
>abilities. Is there any plans on that in a future version of
>NoteTab? I've done without it this long I could wait a little
couple good freeware hex editors, so I am told, ;), and you could
easily launch one from your default Clipbar. UE is not a dirty
word, although we do not discuss other software on this list. ;(
Eric and I spent quite a bit of time talking to the author and
his wife a few years ago at a share industry conference. They
are both very nice. Different editors for different folks.
However, I will say, it is your loss not getting the Pro so you
can start running circles around other editors that I choose not
to mention on this list. <g> I'll sale you a CD version as well
with a number of extras on it. ;) mailto:jody@...
...and if nobody else has told you today, I will:
Happy NoteTab'n,
Jody Adair
The NoteTabbers Assistant Page
The NoteTab Basic Discussion List
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NOTE: This performance is now SOLD OUT
John Millington Synge's landmark play is considered the most brilliant Irish comedy ever written.
Pegeen Flaherty manages her father's run-down pub on the coast of far-west Ireland. ll she has ahead of her is marriage to her wet, religiously fanatical second-cousin Shawn. hen, one night, in crawls a weedy young man - Christy Mahon - claiming to have killed his drunken, abusive old man with a shovel. Awed by this daring and subversive act, instead of turning him over to the law, the locals make him into a hero. Catapulted into rock-star status, Christy finds himself besieged by farm-girl groupies, and being fought over by both Pegeen and the man-eating Widow Quin. That is until……..
Veering wildly between the anarchic, the poetically romantic, the violent and the outrageously funny, Synge's timeless fable exposes the way societies need to create celebrities, and then - just as quickly - turn on them and tear them down.
All seating is general admission. Please note doors into theatre close promptly at 7.30pm so out of respect for the actors please do not arrive late.
I have to agree I struggled with the accents too and just how the English language has changed in 100 years. The thing I like about real theatre though is the variety and unknown. As always I think the actors put their heart and soul into it and anyone who can remember all that dialogue and maintain an accent gets my admiration. I promise I'll pick a non-accented one next time! Didn't get to chat to you all but thankyou very much for coming and supporting local theatre. Cheers Sharon
1 · November 17, 2013
Hi All. For all those coming to dinner (10 of us) at the European Cafe on the Parade, the table is booked under my name for 6pm. We will need to order fairly quickly to ensure we get served and you get to the theatre by about 7.15 (I need to leave at 6.45). For those not having dinner please aim to be at theatre by 7.15 (parking can be a little difficult so give yourself plenty of time). I have managed to reserve seating which is good as sold out and no allocated seating. PLEASE DO NOT BE LATE out of respect for the actors. Late arrivals will not be admitted until there is a break and then you will have to sit up the back.
1 · November 14, 2013
Hi All, I have just been informed that this performance is now booked out. I hope you have all bought your tickets. Can you please adjust your RSVPs if you haven't as it is more inportant then ever that I reserve the correct number of seats for the theatre. I will send a follow up email at the end of the week with final details etc. Cheers Sharon
0 · November 12, 2013
Hi Sharon. I am afraid that I can't attend this function as I already have something planned. I hope to attend one in the near future. I appreciate all that you have done to organise this.
1 · November 10, 2013
Hi Everyone, Marnie was in first and I have sent the ticket to her, so look forward to seeing you all sometime in the future. Cheers Derek
0 · November 9, 2013
After all this organizing I have been asked to perform at 2 big Gigs in Melbourne, so I will have to pull out even though I bought my tickets weeks ago, Sorry about this Sharon I won't make the dinner either ....if anybody wants a free ticket it is no good to me now, send me an email or give me an address, post box number and you can have it...
0 · November 8, 2013
Hi all, I would like to confirm numbers with restaurant soon, my calculations show that the following people would like to meet for dinner - Judy, Julie, Rob, Diane, Derek, Margaret and TJ . If this is not correct could you please let me know. Also I'm going to try and reserve seating if possible, if you DO NOT require reserved seating can you please let me know otherwise I will assume you would like to sit with Meetup group, there are 21 people going so far to date. Cheers Sharon
1 · November 1, 2013
I have made a booking for dinner at the European Cafe, 219 The Parade Norwood at 6pm (it is close to the theatre) if anyone would like to join me. Please reply if you would like dinner as I will need to confirm numbers closer to the date. ALSO TO GET $5 OFF EACH ADULT TICKET REMEMBER TO BUY TICKET(S) BY OCT 20. I have also now posted as a suggestion on People in Adelaide Meetup as well.
1 · October 3, 2013
Thanks Sharon, that's nice, I am looking forward to seeing you all.
0 · October 12, 2013
Hi Sharon, I am new to this group and would like to attend the Dinner, as I mentioned earlier I already have my ticket for the play and this will give me a chance to meet everyone before, if you are booked out for the meal already I will just attend the play, it sounds very interesting. Derek
0 · October 12, 2013
I have my ticket now and if I can get into the dinner before that would be excellent.
1 · October 6, 2013
Look forward to the play sounds great. I would also like to put my name down for the dinner before the show with Sharon. Thanks
1 · October 4, 2013
I started the group because there wasn't any other type of group like this. I've met some great folks in the group who have become close friends and have also met some amazing business owners.
— Bill, started New York City Gay Craft Beer Lovers
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Central California Coast Rentals
Search 98 California coast private vacation rental beachfront homes & oceanview condo rentals along the California coast.
California Areas
Calif Central Coast Cities
This modern 2500 square foot townhome has a breathtaking ocean view. Sitting on the 26th Avenue Beach, it is located between the Capitola and Santa Cruz piers just west of Pleasure Point. The View is situated on a point which sets the home farther out towards the ocean than any of the multi-million dollar homes on either side, so you have a complete 180 degree panoramic view of the ocean. Whether during the day when the sun reflects off the water or in the evening when the moon's reflection is captured in the silver lining curl of the waves, the view is breathtaking and will command your attention often during your stay. Every room, except the bathrooms, has an ocean view. Even when cooking or washing the dishes, you can enjoy the ocean's entertainment from the peacefulness of the breaking waves to the plethora of wildlife such as sea otters, porpoises, a variety of birds, and of course, the surfers who find the shore-break in front of our home one of the best in Santa Cruz. The home has three bedrooms plus a kid's sleeping area, three full bathrooms, three living rooms, three TV's (one large screen HDTV with progressive scan DVD), DSL and more. Our goal is to provide
- type: Townhouse
- beds: 4
- baths: 3
- maximum capacity: 10
California Central Coast Rentals
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A leading philosopher sums up the hidden costs of a price-tag society.
They are looking into whether he was responsible for the 'price-tag' attack on the Latrun Monastery two months ago.
In 2009, the bank leant $17.9 million to Krasnaya Polyana, OJSC, but the price-tag on this, too, kept increasing.


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If you could throw a parade of any caliber through the Zappos office, what type of parade would it be?
Valtro 12 gauge tactical shotgun, Sig Sauer .40 caliber pistol, Century International Arms Inc.
Despite being a seasoned professional, even I had to go through this when I wanted this caliber of representation.
1560s, "degree of merit or importance," a figurative use from Middle French calibre (late 15c.), apparently ultimately from Arabic qalib "a mold for casting." Arabic also used the word in the sense "mold for casting bullets," which is the oldest literal meaning in English. Meaning "inside diameter of a gun barrel" is attested from 1580s. Barnhart remarks that Spanish calibre, Italian calibro "appear too late to act as intermediate forms" between the Arabic word and the French.
caliber cal·i·ber (kāl'ə-bər)
The diameter of the inside of a round cylinder, such as a tube.


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NEW YORK (AP) — The New York Mets have cut slumping 40-year-old Bobby Abreu and are calling up outfielder Kirk Nieuwenhuis from the minors.
The Mets designated Abreu for assignment after Monday's 4-3 loss to San Francisco. His final appearance came in the sixth inning when he was sent up as a pinch-hitter, then pulled after the Giants made a pitching change.


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Have You Budged for These prices while shopping for a brand new Home
Last year he raised $10,000 for the foundation, earning him the chance to eat dinner and ride with Lance Armstrong and other top fund-raisers. Clarkes Stationers took an assignment of the 12½-year FRI lease of 11 Bond Street, Brighton from January 1995 at an undisclosed rental with a rent review in June 2002.
Access Encumbrances on title, in the same way as water, power and gas easements, street stores, Traveling Stock Routes, and seepage reserves Intended area acquisitions by gatherings or state powers under arranging instruments Heritage listing Environmental arranging requests under Regional Environmental Planning Property Conveyancing .
Following the acquisition of approximately 1,858 sq m (20,000 sq ft) within Phase 1, Scottish Widows have taken a further 985 sq m (10,680 sq ft) within Block D of Phase 2. A new 15-year Full Repairing and Insuring lease was agreed at an annual rental equivalent to £5.00 per sq ft.
The Bush administration and Congress have tried repeatedly, albeit unsuccessfully, to allay fears that the government plans to bring back the draft. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has said repeatedly that the all-volunteer services are capable of handling the current conflicts and that the draft isn't needed. Military officials point to strong recruitment efforts as another sign that the volunteer force is working. The Army already has surpassed its year-to-date recruitment goal by signing up 49,000 soldiers for active service and another 12,000 for the Army Reserve.
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PetSafe Deluxe Litte Dog Bark Trainer (Petsafe)
- Brand: Petsafe
Available FromWhy are these offers here?
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Consumer Reviews
Showing 1 Product Review From Shopping.com
PetSafe Deluxe Litte Dog Bark Trainer
Got a SMALL dog with a BIG barking problem? This Petsafe bark control system is specifically designed for your small dog's BIG BARKING problem. If your dog is a chronic barker, a bark collar can be a good aid in stopping it. The Petsafe Bark Control Collar is a safe and effective way to do... Read full review »
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By Jessica Smartt, Contributing Writer We are eagerly, painfully, awaiting the coming of warm weather here in the southeast United States. It has been COLD! We love to have friends over during the warm-weather months and I'm always looking for easy, delicious meals to serve to our friends and family. Today I'm sharing an allergy-friendly menu for spring or summer entertaining. These items are free of dairy, eggs, nuts, and wheat, and perfect for grill-outs, picnics, or entertaining in the sun! Appetizers Classy Spinach Salad Creamy […]Read Full Post »
Real Deals: This Week's Sales and Discounts on Natural Products You Really Use
This week's top deals: FREE this week only– daily essential oil webinars! This event is now over. This awesome event, the Essential Oils Revolution, just started yesterday and is running all the way until the 18th, with new webinar topics released each day. I'm actually listening to the one on Essential Oils for Gut, Adrenal & Thyroid Health with Dr. Axe as I type this (it's making me a little distracted but it's worth it) and I'm finding it fascinating! Just sign up for FREE […]Read Full Post »
Build Your Own Healthy Salad
By Hilary Bernstein, Contributing Writer Salad season is here again! If you're excited to get back to the healthy crunch of fresh foods at mealtime or you're simply trying to add more vegetables to your daily diet, use this guide to pair together your favorite salad fixings. Simply build your own healthy salad based on your flavor preferences, and enjoy the nutritional benefits! Greens Filled with vital nutrients, leafy greens are the building block of any healthy salad. In particular, load up on: Lettuce Depending on what […]Read Full Post »
Weekend Links
Links for this week: It's a Secret, but Many Christians Do Distrust God @ Commonsense Christianity Why I Don't Believe in Mommy Wars @ Kitchen Stewardship Recipe: BLT Chicken Lettuce Cups @ 100 Days of Real Food When You Need a Mother's Day Gift that's Honest, Powerful & Healing [Free Printable] @ A Holy Experience A Surrendered Heart: So…What Does Your Husband Do? @ Heavenly Homemakers Crock Pot Tomato Basil Soup {Paleo-friendly} @ Food Renegade When you realize you are a part of the problem… @ […]Read Full Post »
My love of BendSoap and 30 reasons I use it in my "NEW" Natural Home
Stephanie's note: I'm pleased to introduce you today to Jennifer, who works on our Keeper of the Home team, connecting naturally-minded companies and products with our conscientious readers! I'll let her share her story with you… A few years ago I had a life altering experience that changed my life forever. I was exposed to Toxic Black Mold in a previous home I lived in. Needless to say it's been an uphill climb for my family and I, as we've struggled with our health and […]Read Full Post »
8 Weeks to a Less Cluttered Home
Do you own your stuff or does your stuff own you? Several years ago, my husband and I discovered that the clutter in our homes was eating away at our peace and enjoyment. It distracted us, made us grumpy, created extra work and messes, and just generally detracted from our lives. During that season, we began to really tackle all the stuff in our home and view it with new eyes. We asked questions like: Do I truly find this beautiful or useful? How long […]Read Full Post »
Real Deals: This Week's Sales and Discounts on Natural Products You Really Use
This week's top deals: Up to 50% Off select products at Nicki's Diapers Spring Steals. Not just diapers! Check out their baby carriers, Momma Goose Amber Teething Necklaces, baby clothing and more! Just click on 'Spring Steals' from the category list. Coming up next week – a FREE Essential Oils online event! This event is now over. From May 11-18th, the Essential Oils Revolution will be running, with 31 presentations containing relevant evidence and practical advice from the experts. Their goal is to help you use […]Read Full Post »
Simple Homemade Ranch Dressing
By Emily McClements, Contributing Writer Whether a topping for salad, a dip for crudités, or a way to get your kids to eat something they might not otherwise eat, ranch dressing is a staple for many families. But as those of us who have been around the real food/natural living world for more than a few weeks know, the ingredients in most store bought ranch dressings, like soybean oil, MSG, sodium benzoate, and others, are not something we want our family to eat on a […]Read Full Post »


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Best electric smoker reviews
Top rated electric smokers in 2015
Thousands of families across the United States have weekend cookouts that mean fun and social interactions. This is the reason why more and more people are searching for effective and professional electric smokers with the ability to provide assistance during this activity. A food smoker can add a special taste to anything that you want cooked and served to your guests. Every time you start using the smoker, the taste of the products is delicious and tasty, thus allowing you to enjoy a deep culinary freedom. It can be pretty difficult to identify an ideal product but once you manage to read the current top rated electric smoker reviews you will be able to find suited to your needs.
Most appreciated Products – Comparison Table
|Cooking Area
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|23 x 42 x 23 inch
|726 square inch
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text: The Grand Valley State Mascot Really Loves His Job rickchandProfileFollowUnfollow rickchandFiled to: somebody call carl monday College Football grand valley state hump day 11/27/07 3:11pmEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for deadspinHideShare to KinjaShare to PinterestGo to permalink OK, I've checked the rule book, and nowhere in there does it say that you can't hump the goalpost after your team has achieved an important first down. This round goes to you, Grand Valley State mascot. But someday your reign of Div. II goal post sexual assault will end. Mark my words.Violating Goalposts Will Help You Win Games [100 Percent Injury Rate] 52Reply 52Discuss


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The MeltShop is an NYC grilled cheese chain that has now transplanted itself into Washington D.C and conveniently right near my company's Washington D.C office…. 189 more words
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Quiet Please: The New Best of Nick Lowe
by Nick Lowe
Released: Mar 2009
Label: Yep Roc Records
Given the scope of his sprawling career, it's impressive how well this double-disc collection captures the varied essence of Nick Lowe. There's the young pub-punk whose biting wit was borrowed by Elvis Costello ("[What's So Funny 'Bout] Peace Love and Understanding"); the mid-career songwriter who made his way through the late '80s with an obsessive interest in Nashville; and the gentlemanly crooner of recent days. At 49 tracks this is a beast, but, by pulling evenly from his catalog, it presents a whole picture of Lowe's pop genius.


text: What do you think should happen in Resident Evil 5? Milla Jovovich… Meredith Woerner and 116 othersEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for io9Hide Resident Evil's stellar opening weekend may already have caused a fifth Evil outing to be greenlit. Star Milla Jovovich even says the next film might be crowd-sourced from the fans. So what are your ideas for a fifth Zombie/clone smackdown film? [Vulture] » 9/13/10 9:30am 9/13/10 9:30am


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A Blow To Wind Energy By W. Parker Moore and Peter J. Schaumberg This article was originally published on March 9, 2011 by Portfolio Media, Inc. in Environmental Law360, and is available at http://www.law360.com/web/articles/230036 (subscription required). Law360, New York (March 9, 2011) -- Over the past decade, wind energy production has entered the mainstream. Commercial wind energy projects have been constructed in 36 states, supplying 1.8 percent of domestic power in 2009. And wind energy generation only will continue to increase in the coming years. But as wind energy production has gained momentum, the state and federal agencies responsible for regulating generation facilities have struggled to keep pace. Nowhere has this been more apparent than with the Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 404 permitting process administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1 The Corps now has a plan to correct this. On Feb. 16, 2011, the Corps proposed a new CWA nationwide permit (NWP) to streamline the permitting process for land-based renewable energy generation facilities.2 This NWP proposal marks a significant step forward for renewable energy interests, particularly the wind energy industry, which has labored for years under ill-fitting NWPs designed for other activities, causing the industry to push for a permit specifically tailored to wind energy projects. But the victory may be bittersweet. The proposal leaves far too many questions unanswered, which may make it impracticable to rely on the new NWP when permitting future wind energy projects. Past Practices and Future Possibilities — NWPs and Wind Energy Projects The CWA prohibits any discharge of dredged or fill material into navigable waters unless the discharge is authorized by a section 404 permit. Because obtaining a section 404 permit is a time- and resource-intensive process, both for permittees and the Corps, Congress authorized the Corps to issue general permits on a nationwide basis for any category of activities involving discharges of dredged or fill material when such activities are similar in nature and cause only minimal individual and cumulative adverse effects on the environment. 3 (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued Under this authority, the Corps has developed 49 NWPs to streamline the permitting process for a range of economic and industrial sectors. These NWPs generally address categories of activities that historically required section 404 permits. But since renewable energy development is relatively new — compared to activities such as agriculture and mining — until recently the Corps has not focused on establishing NWPs for renewable energy projects. The lack of industry-specific NWPs has not stopped wind energy developers from obtaining general permits for their projects. And rightfully so. Land-based wind turbine facilities typically are located at relatively high elevations or in remote, flat locations that best take advantage of favorable wind flow patterns. The topography of these locations often is not conducive to the presence of wetlands or other surface water features. As a result, the siting of wind turbines usually does not impact jurisdictional waters. But these remote and elevated locations also generally require developers to construct access roads to their new facilities and install electrical transmission lines to tie in the turbines to substations and the electric grid. And because streams and wetlands frequently pepper the landscape between existing utilities and roads and a new turbine facility's location, construction of supporting infrastructure for wind energy projects is far more likely to cause impacts to jurisdictional waters than construction of the turbine facilities themselves. Fortunately for the wind energy industry, the Corps long ago developed two NWPs that can be used to authorize construction of access roads and transmission lines. Over the years, the industry has relied on NWP 12 (Utility Line Activities) for permitting its transmission lines and/or NWP 14 (Linear Transportation Projects) for permitting its facility access roads. Yet, even as wind energy interests used these NWPs to streamline project permitting, they pushed the Corps to create a new NWP to accommodate the specific needs of their growing industry. The Corps responded on Feb. 16, 2011, when it issued Proposed NWP A — Land-Based Renewable Energy Generation Facilities. If adopted, NWP A would authorize discharges of dredged or fill material into nontidal waters of the U.S. for construction, expansion, or modification of land-based renewable energy production facilities, including infrastructure for generating wind, solar, biomass, or geothermal energy. (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued As proposed, the NWP would authorize up to 1/2 acre of impacts, including the loss of no more than 300 linear feet of stream bed — unless for ephemeral and intermittent stream beds the Corps waives the 300 linear foot limit by making a written determination concluding that the discharge will result in minimal adverse effects. This acreage/linear foot limit applies to each project's energy generation facilities, collection systems and attendant features, such as roads, utility lines, parking lots and stormwater management facilities. The Corps would require permittees to submit pre-construction notification before any discharge occurs under the NWP. Problems With the Proposed NWP Although the proposal of a renewable energy project NWP potentially offers significant benefits to wind energy interests, there remain several important issues that must be resolved for those benefits to be realized. In fact, as proposed, it is uncertain whether project proponents could rely on the NWP to authorize the majority of wind energy projects. Accordingly, wind energy interests should request that the Corps clarify these issues to ensure that NWP A is a workable general permit that accomplishes the agency's goals and satisfies industry needs. Two of the most pressing concerns are the scope of the proposed NWP for wind energy projects and the categories of waters the Corps plans to cover under the NWP. Defining the Permit's Scope The first major concern with NWP A is the scope of the proposed permit. The Corps plans for the NWP to authorize up to 1/2 acre of impacts to nontidal waters of the U.S. related to developing a renewable energy facility, collection system and attendant features, such as access roads and utility lines. On its face, the inclusion of such attendant features within the scope of the proposed NWP might appear to be an efficient way to consolidate the permitting of the facility with the permitting of those features. In practice, however, the inclusion of roads and utility lines within the permit's scope could prevent many wind energy projects from qualifying for the permit. Most wind energy generation projects to date have relied on NWPs 12 and 14 to authorize impacts associated with constructing roads and (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued transmission lines for the projects. Like Proposed NWP A, NWPs 12 and 14 allow a permittee to impact up to 1/2 acre of waters of the U.S., including wetlands. Nevertheless, there appears to be a significant difference between the manner for calculating those impacts under NWPs 12 and 14 and the manner for calculating them under Proposed NWP A. This difference arises from the disparate treatment of "linear" projects in applying the "single and complete project" standard for nationwide permits. To qualify for NWP authorization, an activity must be a "single and complete project." 4 A "single and complete project" is "the total project proposed or accomplished by one owner/developer or partnership or other association of owners/developers." 5 But the Corps interprets the scope of "single and complete project" differently for linear projects, such as roads and utility lines, than it does for nonlinear projects, such as a wind farm. In particular, "[f]or linear projects, the 'single and complete project' (i.e., single and complete crossing) will apply to each crossing of a separate water of the United States (i.e., single waterbody) at that location."6 As a result, under NWPs 12 and 14, each road or utility line crossing of a distinct waterbody constitutes a separate single and complete project and qualifies for a separate permit with its own 1/2 acre impact limit. Under Proposed NWP A, the Corps plans to include both the construction of an energy generation facility itself and construction of all roads and utility lines associated with the facility within the permit's scope. However, the proposal does not answer whether those attendant road and transmission line features could continue to be treated as "linear," as they are under NWPs 12 and 14, with each waterbody crossing qualifying as a separate project with authorization for up to 1/2 acre of impacts. The Corps' silence on this crucial issue suggests not. Instead, it appears the Corps will require permittees to aggregate the impacts from the full length of roads and transmission lines, including the impacts of each separate waterbody crossing, with the impacts of the generation facility to determine whether a project will cause more than 1/2 acre of impacts and, thus, be ineligible for the NWP. Such aggregation, in many cases, would produce the absurd result of (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued rendering wind energy projects ineligible for coverage under the new NWP designed for such projects, while those same projects would be eligible for coverage under permits that were designed for other development activities. This effect will only be compounded by the fact that Proposed NWP A additionally would limit project impacts to 1/2 acre including the loss of no more than 300 linear feet of stream bed, but NWPs 12 and 14 do not impose this secondary linear foot limit on streambed impacts. In light of these potential problems, the Corps should clarify several points before finalizing NWP A. Most importantly, the Corps must clarify how it will apply the single and complete project standard under NWP A given that the proposal includes both facilities and associated linear infrastructure under its coverage. In other words, can the roads and utility lines associated with renewable energy projects still be considered "linear" for purposes of defining their separate waterbody crossings as single and complete projects, or must the entire project be considered a single nonlinear installation for which all impacts must be aggregated? Finally, if only the linear attendant features (roads and utility lines) of a wind energy project impact jurisdictional waters, must a permittee use NWP A to authorize those impacts since the Corps specifically designed the permit for such projects, or could the permittee continue to use NWP 12 and/or NWP 14? CWA Jurisdiction Under the Proposed NWP A second concern with Proposed NWP A for wind energy interests is the breadth of waters that the Corps plans to regulate under the permit. The proposal imposes a 1/2-acre impact limit, which includes "the loss of no more than 300 linear feet of stream bed, unless for intermittent and ephemeral stream beds the district engineer waives this 300 linear foot limit." 7 Thus, the proposal apparently considers all ephemeral streams to be covered by the permit and would require permittees to account for impacts to such streams when determining eligibility for the new NWP. If true, such a position would mark an unlawful expansion of CWA jurisdiction. The CWA prohibits discharges of pollutants into "navigable waters" without a permit. For many years, it has generally been accepted that (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued federal jurisdiction over ''navigable waters'' extends to certain hydrologic features that are not navigable in their own right.8 And the precise scope of CWA jurisdiction over such features has continued to evolve over the years. Nevertheless, the Corps' jurisdiction to regulate navigable waters, or "waters of the United States," does not extend categorically to ephemeral steams, which typically have "flowing water only during and for a short duration after precipitation events" and are located above the water table year-round.9 The Corps admits as much by defining "waters of the United States" to include "waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, [and] streams (including intermittent streams)" without ever mentioning ephemeral streams. 10 Accordingly, before finalizing the permit, the Corps should either omit ephemeral streams from categorical coverage under the NWP or identify a legal basis for categorically including such waters without unlawfully expanding CWA jurisdiction. Correcting the Problems Proposed NWP A presents a number of problematic issues that will affect the wind energy industry in general, and the need for streamlined permitting in particular. Fortunately, the proposal of a new NWP, as opposed to the reissuance or modification of an existing permit, provides a unique opportunity to shape the requirements and policies underlying the permit before it takes effect. It is important for stakeholders to use this opportunity to help the Corps understand — and hopefully incorporate — the permitting approaches and requirements that are most workable for industry while still accomplishing the Corps' statutory mandate under the CWA. The deadline for commenting on Proposed NWP A is April 18. Peter Schaumberg is a principal in the Washington, D.C. office of Beveridge & Diamond and co-chairman the firm's land use practice group. Parker Moore is an associate in the firm's Washington office and serves as deputy chairman of the firm's NEPA/Wetlands/ESA section. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the firm, its clients, or Portfolio Media, publisher of Law360. This article is for general information purposes and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal advice. 1 33 U.S.C. § 1344(e). (continued) WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA A Blow To Wind Energy, continued 2 Proposal To Reissue and Modify Nationwide Permits, 76 Fed. Reg. 9174 (Feb. 16, 2011). The Corps also proposed a separate new permit, Proposed NWP B, for "Water-Based Renewable Energy Generation Pilot Projects." While the authors also have serious concerns about Proposed NWP B, this article focuses on the problems with Proposed NWP A. 3 33 U.S.C. § 1344(e). 4 Nationwide Permit General Condition 16. 5 33 CFR § 330.2(i). 6 Id. 7 76 Fed. Reg. at 9184 (emphasis added). 8 See United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes, 474 U.S. 121 (1985). 9 76 Fed. Reg. at 9205. 10 See 33 C.F.R. § 328.3. The EPA/Corps guidance for evaluating CWA jurisdiction likewise eschews the notion of categorically federalizing ephemeral waters under the statute. See Clean Water Act Jurisdiction Following the Supreme Court's Decision in Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. United States (2008) (requiring case-by-case analysis). WASHINGTON, D.C. MARYLAND NEW YORK MASSACHUSETTS NEW JERSEY TEXAS CALIFORNIA
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