text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Castle series, 1954. Technical report
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
CASTLE was an atmospheric nuclear weapons test series held in the Marshall Islands at Enewetak and Bikini atolls in 1954. This is a report of DOD peronnel in CASTLE with an emphasis on operations and radiological safety.
Martin, E.J.; Rowland, R.H.
Microsoft Word - Castle 2010.docx
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Personal Communication with Bill Castle of the Las Vegas Police Department, March 3, 2010 The department maintains 3,542 sworn personnel. Training personnel include 15 officers. In...
Bela Bartok's Bluebeard's Castle
E-Print Network [OSTI]
- liberated, redeemed, luminous, grateful in his happiness - wants to embrace the woman in his arms, already the daylight is no longer visible ... She sees only the bloody shadows."14 At this point, the light fades from the castle and the man and Judith... is convinced that he did indeed murder his other wives and must be brought to justice. When the sixth door is unlocked, the stage becomes noticeably darker and the light that emanates from the door is a cold and shimmering blue, the color of a sea...
Keiser, Tammy Lou
Supersonic compressor
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A gas compressor based on the use of a driven rotor having an axially oriented compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which forms a supersonic shockwave axially, between adjacent strakes. In using this method to compress inlet gas, the supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdyanamic flow path formed between the gas compression ramp on a strake, the shock capture lip on the adjacent strake, and captures the resultant pressure within the stationary external housing while providing a diffuser downstream of the compression ramp.
Lawlor, Shawn P. (Bellevue, WA); Novaresi, Mark A. (San Diego, CA); Cornelius, Charles C. (Kirkland, WA)
Recirculating rotary gas compressor
A positive displacement, recirculating Roots-type rotary gas compressor is described which operates on the basis of flow work compression. The compressor includes a pair of large diameter recirculation conduits which return compressed discharge gas to the compressor housing, where it is mixed with low pressure inlet gas, thereby minimizing adiabatic heating of the gas. The compressor includes a pair of involutely lobed impellers and an associated port configuration which together result in uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas. The large diameter recirculation conduits equalize gas flow velocities within the compressor and minimize gas flow losses. The compressor is particularly suited to applications requiring sustained operation at higher gas compression ratios than have previously been feasible with rotary pumps, and is particularly applicable to refrigeration or other applications requiring condensation of a vapor. 12 figs.
Weinbrecht, J.F.
A positive displacement, recirculating Roots-type rotary gas compressor which operates on the basis of flow work compression. The compressor includes a pair of large diameter recirculation conduits (24 and 26) which return compressed discharge gas to the compressor housing (14), where it is mixed with low pressure inlet gas, thereby minimizing adiabatic heating of the gas. The compressor includes a pair of involutely lobed impellers (10 and 12) and an associated port configuration which together result in uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas. The large diameter recirculation conduits equalize gas flow velocities within the compressor and minimize gas flow losses. The compressor is particularly suited to applications requiring sustained operation at higher gas compression ratios than have previously been feasible with rotary pumps, and is particularly applicable to refrigeration or other applications requiring condensation of a vapor.
Weinbrecht, John F. (601 Oakwood Loop, NE., Albuquerque, NM 87123)
High ratio recirculating gas compressor
A high ratio positive displacement recirculating rotary compressor is disclosed. The compressor includes an integral heat exchanger and recirculation conduits for returning cooled, high pressure discharge gas to the compressor housing to reducing heating of the compressor and enable higher pressure ratios to be sustained. The compressor features a recirculation system which results in continuous and uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas to the compressor with no direct leakage to either the discharge port or the intake port of the compressor, resulting in a capability of higher sustained pressure ratios without overheating of the compressor. 10 figs.
Supersonic gas compressor
A gas compressor based on the use of a driven rotor having a compression ramp traveling at a local supersonic inlet velocity (based on the combination of inlet gas velocity and tangential speed of the ramp) which compresses inlet gas against a stationary sidewall. In using this method to compress inlet gas, the supersonic compressor efficiently achieves high compression ratios while utilizing a compact, stabilized gasdynamic flow path. Operated at supersonic speeds, the inlet stabilizes an oblique/normal shock system in the gasdyanamic flow path formed between the rim of the rotor, the strakes, and a stationary external housing. Part load efficiency is enhanced by the use of a pre-swirl compressor, and using a bypass stream to bleed a portion of the intermediate pressure gas after passing through the pre-swirl compressor back to the inlet of the pre-swirl compressor. Inlet guide vanes to the compression ramp enhance overall efficiency.
Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 2 Inverter compressors
#12;Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 2 Inverter compressors Geothermal energy taps to improve heat pump efficiency : compressor technology focus Efficiency boost in Ground Source Heat Pump-sized or require additional electrical heaters #12;Danfoss Commercial Compressors October 2013 | 6 What difference
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
September 22th , 2011, Westin Harbour Castle, Toronto, Canada.
September 22th , 2011, Westin Harbour Castle, Toronto, Canada. http://www.inria.fr/sophia/asclepios/events/MFCA information. The Mathematical Foundations of Computational Anatomy (MFCA) workshop aims at fostering application oriented works on computational anatomy. August 2011 Xavier Pennec General Chair MFCA'11 1 http://www.inria.fr/sophia/asclepios/events/MFCA
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Pine Castle, Florida: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy ResourcesLoadingPenobscot County, Maine: EnergyPierce County, Nebraska:PilgrimCastle, Florida: Energy
Standing wave compressor
A compressor for compression-evaporation cooling systems, which requires no moving parts. A gaseous refrigerant inside a chamber is acoustically compressed and conveyed by means of a standing acoustic wave which is set up in the gaseous refrigerant. This standing acoustic wave can be driven either by a transducer, or by direct exposure of the gas to microwave and infrared sources, including solar energy. Input and output ports arranged along the chamber provide for the intake and discharge of the gaseous refrigerant. These ports can be provided with optional valve arrangements, so as to increase the compressor's pressure differential. The performance of the compressor in either of its transducer or electromagnetically driven configurations, can be optimized by a controlling circuit. This controlling circuit holds the wavelength of the standing acoustical wave constant, by changing the driving frequency in response to varying operating conditions.
Lucas, Timothy S. (4614 River Mill Ct., Glen Allen, VA 23060)
HELIUM COMPRESSOR MONITORING SYSTEM Donna Kubik
Compressor #9 Connectors Compressor #10 Connectors Compressor #11 Connector (LEDs) LED Timer and LED PowerHELIUM COMPRESSOR MONITORING SYSTEM Donna Kubik Arecibo Observatory #12;1 CONTENTS 1. Design goals 3 1.1 Features of the compressor monitoring system 4 2. EDAS: The basis of data acquisition 5 2
Light intensity compressor
In a system for recording images having vastly differing light intensities over the face of the image, a light intensity compressor is provided that utilizes the properties of twisted nematic liquid crystals to compress the image intensity. A photoconductor or photodiode material that is responsive to the wavelength of radiation being recorded is placed adjacent a layer of twisted nematic liquid crystal material. An electric potential applied to a pair of electrodes that are disposed outside of the liquid crystal/photoconductor arrangement to provide an electric field in the vicinity of the liquid crystal material. The electrodes are substantially transparent to the form of radiation being recorded. A pair of crossed polarizers are provided on opposite sides of the liquid crystal. The front polarizer linearly polarizes the light, while the back polarizer cooperates with the front polarizer and the liquid crystal material to compress the intensity of a viewed scene. Light incident upon the intensity compressor activates the photoconductor in proportion to the intensity of the light, thereby varying the field applied to the liquid crystal. The increased field causes the liquid crystal to have less of a twisting effect on the incident linearly polarized light, which will cause an increased percentage of the light to be absorbed by the back polarizer. The intensity of an image may be compressed by forming an image on the light intensity compressor.
Rushford, Michael C. (Livermore, CA)
Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor...
Energy Savers [EERE]
Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor Advanced Hybrid Water Heater using Electrochemical Compressor Xergy is using its Electro Chemical Compression (ECC)...
Conserve Energy by Optimizing Air Compressor System
is the compressed air plant(s), cating air compressors with one 60-hp and one 30-hp which many times include compressors, ancillary screw compressor; (2) the repiping of the existing equipment, and/or an operating sequence that is screw compressors cooling water...
Williams, V. A.
Dual capacity reciprocating compressor
A multi-cylinder compressor particularly useful in connection with northern climate heat pumps and in which different capacities are available in accordance with reversing motor rotation is provided with an eccentric cam on a crank pin under a fraction of the connecting rods, and arranged for rotation upon the crank pin between opposite positions 180[degree] apart so that with cam rotation on the crank pin such that the crank throw is at its normal maximum value all pistons pump at full capacity, and with rotation of the crank shaft in the opposite direction the cam moves to a circumferential position on the crank pin such that the overall crank throw is zero. Pistons whose connecting rods ride on a crank pin without a cam pump their normal rate with either crank rotational direction. Thus a small clearance volume is provided for any piston that moves when in either capacity mode of operation. 6 figs.
Wolfe, R.W.
A multi-cylinder compressor 10 particularly useful in connection with northern climate heat pumps and in which different capacities are available in accordance with reversing motor 16 rotation is provided with an eccentric cam 38 on a crank pin 34 under a fraction of the connecting rods, and arranged for rotation upon the crank pin between opposite positions 180.degree. apart so that with cam rotation on the crank pin such that the crank throw is at its normal maximum value all pistons pump at full capacity, and with rotation of the crank shaft in the opposite direction the cam moves to a circumferential position on the crank pin such that the overall crank throw is zero. Pistons 24 whose connecting rods 30 ride on a crank pin 36 without a cam pump their normal rate with either crank rotational direction. Thus a small clearance volume is provided for any piston that moves when in either capacity mode of operation.
Wolfe, Robert W. (Wilkinsburg, PA)
Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor
The Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor EHC was evaluated against DOE applications for compressing hydrogen at automobile filling stations, in future hydrogen pipelines and as a commercial replacement for conventional diaphragm hydrogen compressors. It was also evaluated as a modular replacement for the compressors used in petrochemical refineries. If the EHC can be made inexpensive, reliable and long lived then it can satisfy all these applications save pipelines where the requirements for platinum catalyst exceeds the annual world production. The research performed did not completely investigate Molybdenum as a hydrogen anode or cathode, it did show that photoetched 316 stainless steel is inadequate for an EHC. It also showed that: molybdenum bipolar plates, photochemical etching processes, and Gortex Teflon seals are too costly for a commercial EHC. The use of carbon paper in combination with a perforated thin metal electrode demonstrated adequate anode support strength, but is suspect in promoting galvanic corrosion. The nature of the corrosion mechanisms are not well understood, but locally high potentials within the unit cell package are probably involved. The program produced a design with an extraordinary high cell pitch, and a very low part count. This is one of the promising aspects of the redesigned EHC. The development and successful demonstration of the hydraulic cathode is also important. The problem of corrosion resistant metal bipolar plates is vital to the development of an inexpensive, commercial PEM fuel cell. Our research suggests that there is more to the corrosion process in fuel cells and electrochemical compressors than simple, steady state, galvanic stability. It is an important area for scientific investigation. The experiments and analysis conducted lead to several recommended future research directions. First, we need a better understanding of the corrosion mechanisms involved. The diagnosis of experimental cells with titration to determine the loss of membrane active sites is recommended. We suspect that the corrosion includes more than simple galvanic mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are poorly understood. Shunt currents at hydraulic cathode ports were problematic, but are not difficult to cure. In addition to corrosion there is evidence of high component resistivity. This may be due to the deposition of organic compounds, which may be produced electrochemically on the surface of the metal support screens that contact carbon gas diffusion layers (GDLs) or catalyst supports. An investigation of possible electro-organic sythesis mechanisms with emphasis on oxalates formation is warranted. The contaminated cell parts can be placed in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperature and the weight loss can be observed. This would reveal the existence of organic compounds. Investigation into the effects of conductivity enhancers such as carbon microlayers on supporting carbon paper is also needed. Corrosion solutions should be investigated such as surface passivation of 316 SS parts using nitric acid. Ultra thin silane/siloxane polymer coatings should be tried. These may be especially useful in conjunction with metal felt replacement of carbon paper. A simple cure for the very high, localized corrosion of the anode might be to diffusion bond the metal electrode support screen to bipolar plate. This will insure uniform resistance perpendicular to the plane of the cell and eliminate some of the dependence of the resistance on high stack compression. Alternative materials should be explored. Alternatives to carbon in the cell may be helpful in any context. In particular, alternatives to carbon paper GDLs such as metal felts and alternatives to carbon supports for Pt such as TiC and TiB2 might also be worthwhile and would be helpful to fuel cells as well. Some alternative to the metals we used in the cell, Mo and 316 SS, are potentially useful. These include Al/Mg/Si alloys. Corrosion resistant materials such as Nb and Mo might prove useful as cladding materials that can be hot stamp
David P. Bloomfield; Brian S. MacKenzie
Free piston inertia compressor
A free piston inertia compressor comprises a piston assembly including a connecting rod having pistons on both ends, the cylinder being split into two substantially identical portions by a seal through which the connecting rod passes. Vents in the cylinder wall are provided near the seal to permit gas to excape the cylinder until the piston covers the vent whereupon the remaining gas in the cylinder functions as a gas spring and cushions the piston against impact on the seal. The connecting rod has a central portion of relatively small diameter providing free play of the connecting rod through the seal and end portions of relatively large diameter providing a limited tolerance between the connecting rod and the seal. Finally, the seal comprises a seal ring assembly consisting of a dampener plate, a free floating seal at the center of the dampener plate and a seal retainer plate in one face of the dampener plate.
Richards, William D. C. (King of Prussia, PA); Bilodeau, Denis (Phoenixville, PA); Marusak, Thomas (Loudenville, NY); Dutram, Jr., Leonard (Trappe, PA); Brady, Joseph (Telford, PA)
Bilodeau, D.; Brady, J.; Dutram, L.J.; Marusak, T.; Richards, W.D.
Semi-active compressor valve
A method and system for fine-tuning the motion of suction or discharge valves associated with cylinders of a reciprocating gas compressor, such as the large compressors used for natural gas transmission. The valve's primary driving force is conventional, but the valve also uses an electromagnetic coil to sense position of the plate (or other plugging element) and to provide an opposing force prior to impact.
Brun, Klaus (Helotes, TX); Gernentz, Ryan S. (San Antonio, TX)
Suction muffler for refrigeration compressor
A hermetic refrigeration compressor includes a suction muffler formed from two pieces of plastic material mounted on the cylinder housing. One piece is cylindrical in shape with an end wall having an aperture for receiving a suction tube connected to the cylinder head. The other piece fits over and covers the other end of the cylindrical piece, and includes a flaring entrance horn which extends toward the return line on the sidewall of the compressor shell. 5 figs.
Nelson, R.T.; Middleton, M.G.
Compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system
A compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system for a turbine engine for directing cooling fluids from a compressor to a turbine airfoil cooling system to supply cooling fluids to one or more airfoils of a rotor assembly is disclosed. The compressor bleed cooling fluid feed system may enable cooling fluids to be exhausted from a compressor exhaust plenum through a downstream compressor bleed collection chamber and into the turbine airfoil cooling system. As such, the suction created in the compressor exhaust plenum mitigates boundary layer growth along the inner surface while providing flow of cooling fluids to the turbine airfoils.
Donahoo, Eric E; Ross, Christopher W
The State of the Industrial Compressor Market
The industrial compressor industry in the United States has been operating in a textbook example of a mature market. No truly new compressor technology has been introduced in the past thirty years and there is none on the horizon. Competitive...
Perry, W.
Water injected fuel cell system compressor
A fuel cell system including a dry compressor for pressurizing air supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell. An injector sprays a controlled amount of water on to the compressor's rotor(s) to improve the energy efficiency of the compressor. The amount of water sprayed out the rotor(s) is controlled relative to the mass flow rate of air inputted to the compressor.
Siepierski, James S. (Williamsville, NY); Moore, Barbara S. (Victor, NY); Hoch, Martin Monroe (Webster, NY)
Multiple volume compressor for hot gas engine
A multiple volume compressor for use in a hot gas (Stirling) engine having a plurality of different volume chambers arranged to pump down the engine when decreased power is called for and return the working gas to a storage tank or reservoir. A valve actuated bypass loop is placed over each chamber which can be opened to return gas discharged from the chamber back to the inlet thereto. By selectively actuating the bypass valves, a number of different compressor capacities can be attained without changing compressor speed whereby the capacity of the compressor can be matched to the power available from the engine which is used to drive the compressor.
Stotts, Robert E. (Clifton Park, NY)
Preliminary design of centrifugal compressors
Preliminary design calculations are analyzed for a centrifugal compressor, after choosing as the type of the turbomachine from the curves given by Balje (1981). In impeller calculations, the effect of slip factor on exit conditions, the inducer geometry and the effect of choked flow on relative Mach number are investigated. In discharge calculation vaned diffusers are compared with vaneless diffusers.
Kocak, S. [Selcuk Univ., Konya (Turkey). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Oil cooled, hermetic refrigerant compressor
A hermetic refrigerant compressor having an electric motor and compressor assembly in a hermetic shell is cooled by oil which is first cooled in an external cooler 18 and is then delivered through the shell to the top of the motor rotor 24 where most of it is flung radially outwardly within the confined space provided by the cap 50 which channels the flow of most of the oil around the top of the stator 26 and then out to a multiplicity of holes 52 to flow down to the sump and provide further cooling of the motor and compressor. Part of the oil descends internally of the motor to the annular chamber 58 to provide oil cooling of the lower part of the motor, with this oil exiting through vent hole 62 also to the sump. Suction gas with entrained oil and liquid refrigerant therein is delivered to an oil separator 68 from which the suction gas passes by a confined path in pipe 66 to the suction plenum 64 and the separated oil drops from the separator to the sump. By providing the oil cooling of the parts, the suction gas is not used for cooling purposes and accordingly increase in superheat is substantially avoided in the passage of the suction gas through the shell to the suction plenum 64.
English, William A. (Murrysville, PA); Young, Robert R. (Murrysville, PA)
A hermetic refrigerant compressor having an electric motor and compressor assembly in a hermetic shell is cooled by oil which is first cooled in an external cooler and is then delivered through the shell to the top of the motor rotor where most of it is flung radially outwardly within the confined space provided by the cap which channels the flow of most of the oil around the top of the stator and then out to a multiplicity of holes to flow down to the sump and provide further cooling of the motor and compressor. Part of the oil descends internally of the motor to the annular chamber to provide oil cooling of the lower part of the motor, with this oil exiting through vent hole also to the sump. Suction gas with entrained oil and liquid refrigerant therein is delivered to an oil separator from which the suction gas passes by a confined path in pipe to the suction plenum and the separated oil drops from the separator to the sump. By providing the oil cooling of the parts, the suction gas is not used for cooling purposes and accordingly increase in superheat is substantially avoided in the passage of the suction gas through the shell to the suction plenum. 3 figs.
English, W.A.; Young, R.R.
Computational Optimization of Gas Compressor Stations: MINLP ...
Feb 26, 2015 ... Abstract: When considering cost-optimal operation of gas transport networks, compressor stations play the most important role. Proper�...
Daniel Rose
Metering Air Compressor Systems for Efficiency: A Progress Report
Air compressors have energy efficiency quantified as SCFM/BHP. However, this efficiency fluctuates over a broad range based on the loading of the compressor. When multiple compressors operate with varying loads, as in a central plant, the overall...
Joseph, B.
axial flow compressors: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
compressor performance Peraire, Jaime 126 FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR-FIRED, COMPRESSOR-ASSISTED Energy Storage, Conversion and Utilization Websites Summary: FEASIBILITY OF...
axial flow compressor: Topics by E-print Network
Refrigeration system having standing wave compressor
A compression-evaporation refrigeration system, wherein gaseous compression of the refrigerant is provided by a standing wave compressor. The standing wave compressor is modified so as to provide a separate subcooling system for the refrigerant, so that efficiency losses due to flashing are reduced. Subcooling occurs when heat exchange is provided between the refrigerant and a heat pumping surface, which is exposed to the standing acoustic wave within the standing wave compressor. A variable capacity and variable discharge pressure for the standing wave compressor is provided. A control circuit simultaneously varies the capacity and discharge pressure in response to changing operating conditions, thereby maintaining the minimum discharge pressure needed for condensation to occur at any time. Thus, the power consumption of the standing wave compressor is reduced and system efficiency is improved.
Lucas, Timothy S. (Glen Allen, VA)
Compressor ported shroud for foil bearing cooling
A compressor ported shroud takes compressed air from the shroud of the compressor before it is completely compressed and delivers it to foil bearings. The compressed air has a lower pressure and temperature than compressed outlet air. The lower temperature of the air means that less air needs to be bled off from the compressor to cool the foil bearings. This increases the overall system efficiency due to the reduced mass flow requirements of the lower temperature air. By taking the air at a lower pressure, less work is lost compressing the bearing cooling air.
Elpern, David G. (Los Angeles, CA); McCabe, Niall (Torrance, CA); Gee, Mark (South Pasadena, CA)
A methodology for centrifugal compressor stability prediction
The stable operation of centrifugal compressors is limited by well-known phenomena, rotating stall and surge. Although the manifestation of the full scale instabilities is similar to the ones observed in axial machines, ...
Benneke, Bj�rn
Method and apparatus for starting supersonic compressors
A supersonic gas compressor with bleed gas collectors, and a method of starting the compressor. The compressor includes aerodynamic duct(s) situated for rotary movement in a casing. The aerodynamic duct(s) generate a plurality of oblique shock waves for efficiently compressing a gas at supersonic conditions. A convergent inlet is provided adjacent to a bleed gas collector, and during startup of the compressor, bypass gas is removed from the convergent inlet via the bleed gas collector, to enable supersonic shock stabilization. Once the oblique shocks are stabilized at a selected inlet relative Mach number and pressure ratio, the bleed of bypass gas from the convergent inlet via the bypass gas collectors is effectively eliminated.
Lawlor, Shawn P
Improved return passages for multistage centrifugal compressors
This thesis presents a design concept for return passages in multistage centrifugal compressors. Flow in a baseline return passage is analyzed to identify loss sources that have substantial potential for reduction. For the ...
Glass, Benjamin W., S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Economics of Electric Compressors for Gas Transmission
) option. Outside of these regions, new electric drives as well as gas fueled reciprocating engines and turbines are being considered for replacement of older reciprocating gas engines and compressor units, based on improved operating efficiency. We review...
Schmeal, W. R.; Hibbs, J. J.
Probabilistic analysis of meanline compressor rotor performance
This thesis addresses variability in aerodynamic performance of a compressor rotor due to geometric variation. The performance of the rotor is computed using a meanline model that includes the effect of tip clearance ...
Fitzgerald, Nathan Andrew, 1980-
Probabilistic aerothermal design of compressor airfoils
Despite the generally accepted notion that geometric variability is undesirable in turbomachinery airfoils, little is known in detail about its impact on aerothermal compressor performance. In this work, statistical and ...
Garz�n, V�ctor E., 1972-
Hydrogen pipeline compressors annual progress report.
The objectives are: (1) develop advanced materials and coatings for hydrogen pipeline compressors; (2) achieve greater reliability, greater efficiency, and lower capital in vestment and maintenance costs in hydrogen pipeline compressors; and (3) research existing and novel hydrogen compression technologies that can improve reliability, eliminate contamination, and reduce cost. Compressors are critical components used in the production and delivery of hydrogen. Current reciprocating compressors used for pipeline delivery of hydrogen are costly, are subject to excessive wear, have poor reliability, and often require the use of lubricants that can contaminate the hydrogen (used in fuel cells). Duplicate compressors may be required to assure availability. The primary objective of this project is to identify, and develop as required, advanced materials and coatings that can achieve the friction, wear, and reliability requirements for dynamically loaded components (seal and bearings) in high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen environments prototypical of pipeline and forecourt compressor systems. The DOE Strategic Directions for Hydrogen Delivery Workshop identified critical needs in the development of advanced hydrogen compressors - notably, the need to minimize moving parts and to address wear through new designs (centrifugal, linear, guided rotor, and electrochemical) and improved compressor materials. The DOE is supporting several compressor design studies on hydrogen pipeline compression specifically addressing oil-free designs that demonstrate compression in the 0-500 psig to 800-1200 psig range with significant improvements in efficiency, contamination, and reliability/durability. One of the designs by Mohawk Innovative Technologies Inc. (MiTi{reg_sign}) involves using oil-free foil bearings and seals in a centrifual compressor, and MiTi{reg_sign} identified the development of bearings, seals, and oil-free tribological coatings as crucial to the successful development of an advanced compressor. MiTi{reg_sign} and ANL have developed potential coatings for these rigorous applications; however, the performance of these coatings (as well as the nickel-alloy substrates) in high-temperature, high-speed hydrogen environments is unknown at this point.
Fenske, G. R.; Erck, R. A. (Energy Systems)
Shallow meteoric alteration and burial diagenesis of massive dolomite in the Castle Reef Formation, northwest Montana
), Sawmill Creek (SC), Half Dome Crag (HDC), Morningstar Mountain (MM), Mount Field (MF), Gateway Pass (GP), North Fork of Dupuyer Creek (NFD), South Fork of Dupuyer Creek (SFD), Volcano Reef (VR), North Fork of Teton River (NFT), Teton River (TR), Cave...SHALLOW METEORIC ALTERATION AND BURIAL DIAGENESIS OF MASSIVE DOLOM I TE I N THE CASTLE REEF FORMAT I ON ~ NORTHWEST MONTANA A Thesis by PHILIP MARK WHITSITT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial...
Whitsitt, Philip Mark
Aerodynamic performance measurements in a counter-rotating aspirated compressor
This thesis is an experimental investigation of the aerodynamic performances of a counter-rotating aspirated compressor. This compressor is implemented in a blow-down facility, which gives rigorous simulation of the ...
Onn�e, Jean-Fran�ois
Development of a body force description for compressor stability assessment
This thesis presents a methodology for a body force description of a compressor with particular application to compressor stability calculations. The methodology is based on extracting blade forces from an axisymmetric ...
Kiwada, George (George Ford)
Considerations in Dealing with the Risk of a Compressor Failure
Many plants do not have sufficient backup compressor capacity and risk having production outages due to compressor failures. Today, system designs are available that can eliminate this risk; however, there is a cost associated with doing so...
Beals, C. E.
Development of a body force model for centrifugal compressors
This project is focused on modeling the internal ow in centrifugal compressors for the purpose of assessing the onset of rotating stall and surge. The current methods to determine centrifugal compressor stability limits ...
Kottapalli, Anjaney Pramod
Impact of geometric variability on compressor repeating-stage performance
The impact of geometric variability on compressor performance is investigated using a compressor repeating-stage model based on well-known correlations for profile losses, endwall blockage, deviation, and the onset of ...
Vincent, Antoine, 1979-
Sand Castle
. Bodie's smile was unrepentant. "Sorry, sir." "Ach, get out of here, man, you have training to be busy with, and Jack Crane won't thank me if you're late." Bodie went to the testing-grounds and Cowley sat, thinking about him. It was said..., before he went mad with greed, and with experts like Harriet Sinclair (now retired), Kate Ross, and the military specialist Jack Crane. He had another talk with Bodie, as fruitless as the first. "You're not coming up to scratch," he shouted...
Holden, E.
A supersonic gas compressor. The compressor includes aerodynamic duct(s) situated on a rotor journaled in a casing. The aerodynamic duct(s) generate a plurality of oblique shock waves for efficiently compressing a gas at supersonic conditions. The convergent inlet is adjacent to a bleed air collector, and during acceleration of the rotor, bypass gas is removed from the convergent inlet via a collector to enable supersonic shock stabilization. Once the oblique shocks are stabilized at a selected inlet relative Mach number and pressure ratio, the bleed of bypass gas from the convergent inlet via the bypass gas collectors is eliminated.
Lawlor, Shawn P. (Bellevue, WA)
Introducing Back-up to Active Compressor Surge Control System
in a system with increased performance by taking advantage of both systems. Keywords: centrifugal compressorIntroducing Back-up to Active Compressor Surge Control System Nur Uddin Jan Tommy Gravdahl for introducing a back-up system to an active compressor surge control system is presented in this paper. Active
Gravdahl, Jan Tommy
Modeling and Control of Surge and Rotating Stall in Compressors
in connection with acceleration of the compressor. Finally, a model for a centrifugal compression systemModeling and Control of Surge and Rotating Stall in Compressors Dr.ing. thesis Jan Tommy Gravdahl of rotating stall and surge in compressors. A close coupled valve is included in the Moore
Most BurrowsWheeler Based Compressors are Not Optimal
Most BurrowsWheeler Based Compressors are Not Optimal Haim Kaplan and Elad Verbin School.26, and 1.29, for each of the three compressors respectively. Our technique is robust, and can be used to prove similar claims for most BWTbased compressors (with a few notable exceptions). This stands
Kaplan, Haim
Active surge control of centrifugal compressors using drive torque
the operating range of the machine, and ef- ficiency is limited. Usually a recycle line around the compressor recycling, and there is a potential for reduced energy consumption of the compressor. Electric driveActive surge control of centrifugal compressors using drive torque Jan Tommy Gravdahl , Olav
White Roofs
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
Secretary Steven Chu discusses the benefits of switching to white roofs and light colored pavements.
Chu, Steven
Solar energy system demonstration project at Wilmington Swim School, New Castle, Delaware. Final report
This document is the Final Report of the Solar Energy System located at the Wilmington, Swim School, New Castle, Delaware. This active solar system is composed of 2,700 square feet of Revere liquid flat plate collectors piped to a 2,800 gallon concrete storage tank located below ground near the building. A micro-computer based control system selects the optimal applications of the stored energy among space, domestic water and pool alternatives. The controlled logic is planned for serving the heat loads in the following order: space heat-new addition, domestic water-entire facility, and pool heating-entire facility. A modified trombe wall passive operation the active system will bypass the areas being served passively. The system was designed for a 40 percent heating and a 30 percent hot water solar contribution.
Power Characteristics of Industrial Air Compressors
and with different loads are discussed as case studies. The case studies illustrate how to identify the type of control, and potential problems such as inadequate compressed air storage, over-sized compressors, and compressed air leaks from the power signatures...
Schmidt, C.; Kissock, K.
Franny White
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Franny White is a News & Media Relations Specialist at the Energy Department�s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
White Day
but also to their male co-workers. Men have White Day a month later on March 14th. Created by a sweets manufacturer in 1980 to boost sales, White Day is more of a marketing ploy than a holiday. On White Day, you will see men scurrying about purchasing giri...
Hacker, Randi
Refrigerator with a clearance seal compressor
In a Stirling refrigeration system in which a displacer is driven in a reciprocating motion within a cold finger by a pressure differential between helium gas in the cold finger and helium gas in a gas spring volume, the reciprocating piston compressor for the working volume has a clearance seal between the working volume and a control volume. The only lubricant in that seal is the helium gas. The mean pressure of the working volume relative to the control volume can be controlled by varying the length of the clearance seal throughout the stroke of the piston. Preferably, the seal is between alumina ceramic sleeves. The clearance seal compressor may also be used in a Gifford-McMahon cycle.
Holland, N. J.
Combined cold compressor/ejector helium refrigerator
A refrigeration apparatus having an ejector operatively connected with a cold compressor to form a two-stage pumping system. This pumping system is used to lower the pressure, and thereby the temperature of a bath of boiling refrigerant (helium). The apparatus as thus arranged and operated has substantially improved operating efficiency when compared to other processes or arrangements for achieving a similar low pressure.
Brown, D.P.
Brown, Donald P. (Southold, NY)
Metal hydride (MH) thermal sorption compression is an efficient and reliable method allowing a conversion of energy from heat into a compressed hydrogen gas. The most important component of such a thermal engine the metal hydride material itself should possess several material features in order to achieve an efficient performance in the hydrogen compression. Apart from the hydrogen storage characteristics important for every solid H storage material (e.g. gravimetric and volumetric efficiency of H storage, hydrogen sorption kinetics and effective thermal conductivity), the thermodynamics of the metal-hydrogen systems is of primary importance resulting in a temperature dependence of the absorption/desorption pressures). Several specific features should be optimized to govern the performance of the MH-compressors including synchronisation of the pressure plateaus for multi-stage compressors, reduction of slope of the isotherms and hysteresis, increase of cycling stability and life time, together with challenges in system design associated with volume expansion of the metal matrix during the hydrogenation. The present review summarises numerous papers and patent literature dealing with MH hydrogen compression technology. The review considers (a) fundamental aspects of materials development with a focus on structure and phase equilibria in the metal-hydrogen systems suitable for the hydrogen compression; and (b) applied aspects, including their consideration from the applied thermodynamic viewpoint, system design features and performances of the metal hydride compressors and major applications.
Bowman Jr, Robert C [ORNL] [ORNL; Yartys, Dr. Volodymyr A. [Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)] [Institute for Energy Technology (IFE); Lototskyy, Dr. Michael V [University of the Western Cape, South Africa] [University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Pollet, Dr. B.G. [University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Analysis and developpment of a Turbivo compressor for MRV applications
The mechanical vapor recompression is an efficient process to decrease energy consumption of drying processes. In order to use the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) in residential clothe dryers, the volumetric Turbivo technology is used to design a dry water vapor compressor. The Turbivo volumetric machine is composed mainly of a rotor with one blade, a stator, and a mobile oscillating thrust. The advantages of Turbivo(R) technology are the absence of contact between rotor and stator as well as the oil-free operation. A model of the Turbivo compressor, including kinematic, dynamic, and thermodynamic analysis is presented. The compressor internal tightness is ensured by a surface treatment of the compressor components. Using the model, a water vapor Turbivo compressor of 12m3/h and compression ratio of 5 has been sized and realized. The compressor prototype will be tested on a dedicated test bench to characterize its volumetric and isentropic efficiencies.
Ksayer, Elias Boulawz
Elias Boulawz Ksayer; Denis Clodic
Study of casing treatment effects in axial flow compressors
to in- creased tip leakage between shroud and blade tip. Figure (I) shows a typical performance curve for an axial flow compressor. Note that as pressure ratio increases, the operating 'range between surge and stall is decreased, there by reducing... the surge to stall margin of the axial flow compressor. REFERENCES I 1 ~ 4 Koch, C. C. , "Experimental Evaluation of Outer Case Blowing or Bleeding of Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor". , Part IV. Rep. R 69AEG256, General Electric Co. , (NASA CR...
Schiller, Robert Neil
A method of predicting surge in centrifugal compressors
, x2, x3) coordinate system Re TPR Reynolds number clearance temperature compressor total pressure ratio blade speed absolute fluid velocity relative fluid velocity (x, y, z) inertial, Cartesian coordinate system (xl, x2, x3) non... two subdivisions. a. To determine the compressor efficiency as a depen- dent of speed and flow variables. b. To express the total pressure ratio across the compressor as a function of the flow, efficiency and the speed of impeller rotation...
Elchuri, Vijayvardhan
Critical speed measurements in the Tevatron cold compressors
The Fermilab Tevatron cryogenic system utilizes high-speed centrifugal cold compressors, manufactured by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. (IHI), for high energy operations. Nominal operating range for these compressors is 43,000 to 85,000 rpm. Past foil bearing failures prompted investigation to determine if critical speeds for operating compressors fall within operating range. Data acquisition hardware and software settings will be discussed for measuring liftoff, first critical and second critical speeds. Several tests provided comparisons between an optical displacement probe and accelerometer measurements. Vibration data and analysis of the 20 Tevatron ring cold compressors will be presented.
DeGraff, B.; Bossert, R.; Martinez, A.; Soyars, W.M.; /Fermilab
Numerical simulation of the impeller tip clearance effect on centrifugal compressor performance
This thesis presents the numerical simulation of flow in centrifugal compressors. A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver was employed to simulate flow through two centrifugal compressors. The first compressor simulated was the NASA low speed...
Hoenninger, Corbett Reed
Daniel White
Daniel White About ESnet Our Mission The Network ESnet History Governance & Policies Career Opportunities ESnet Staff & Org Chart Administration Advanced Network Technologies...
Drive torque actuation in active surge control of centrifugal compressors
an approximation of a real compression system. 1 #12;CompressorShaft Electric drive Active surge control law Shaft (1999b) or Willems and de Jager (1999). In this study, which is on compressors with electrical drives, we propose to use the electrical drive as a means of active surge control, as depicted in Figure 1.
Small core axial compressors for high efficiency jet aircraft
This thesis quantifies mechanisms that limit efficiency in small core axial compressors, defined here as compressor exit corrected flow between 1.5 and 3.0 lbm/s. The first part of the thesis describes why a small engine ...
DiOrio, Austin Graf
Energy Efficient Implementation of Parallel CMOS Multipliers with Improved Compressors
Energy Efficient Implementation of Parallel CMOS Multipliers with Improved Compressors Dursun Baran constraints. It is shown that Non-Booth mul- tipliers start to become more energy efficient for strict delay targets. In addition, novel 3:2 and 4:2 compressors are pre- sented to save energy at the same target
California at Davis, University of
Coherence Progress: A Measure of Interestingness Based on Fixed Compressors
has been investigated in various ways in the literature, ranging from early work by Wundt [9] (seeCoherence Progress: A Measure of Interestingness Based on Fixed Compressors Tom Schaul, Leo Pape in observations to store them in a compact form, called a compressor. The search for interesting patterns can
Schmidhuber, Juergen
White Rock
Furnished house for rent in rural White Rock Bright and sunny Ideal for a young family Safe neighborhood 10 min drive to LANL 1300 per month, basic utilities included 1180 sq ft....
New compressor systems seen paring refrigeration costs 15%
Manufacturers claim that a parallel arrangement of three to five compressors of varying capacities can lower a store's refrigerating costs over 15%. The energy savings come from the more-precise matching of compressor capacity with refrigeration demand. The 500 stores that have installed uneven compressor systems are achieving a payback in under a year. Because it is important for controls to match a system for maximum efficiency, manufacturers are introducing tailor-made microprocessor controllers. A table summarizes three supermarket case histories. (DCK)
Barber, J.
Compensating effect of the coherent synchrotron radiation in bunch compressors
DOE Public Access Gateway for Energy & Science Beta (PAGES Beta)
Typical bunch compression for a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) requires a large compression ratio. Frequently, this compression is distributed in multiple stages along the beam transport line. However, for a high-gain FEL driven by an energy recovery linac (ERL), compression must be accomplished in a single strong compressor located at the beam line�s end; otherwise the electron beam would be affected severely by coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the ERL�s arcs. In such a scheme, the CSR originating from the strong compressors could greatly degrade the quality of the electron beam. In this paper, we present our design for a bunch compressor that will limit the effect of CSR on the e-beam�s quality. We discuss our findings from a study of such a compressor, and detail its potential for an FEL driven by a multipass ERL developed for the electron-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Jing, Yichao; Hao, Yue; Litvinenko, Vladimir N.
An investigation of real gas effects in supercritical CO? compressors
This thesis presents a comprehensive assessment of real gas effects on the performance and matching of centrifugal compressors operating with CO2 at supercritical conditions. The analytical framework combines first principles ...
Baltadjiev, Nikola D. (Nikola Dimitrov)
Multi-parameter control for centrifugal compressor performance optimization
The potential performance benefit of actuating inlet guide vane (IGV) angle, variable diffuser vane (VDV) angle and impeller speed to implement a multi-parameter control on a centrifugal compressor system is assessed. The ...
Mannai, S�bastien (S�bastien Karim)
Non-intrusive fault detection in reciprocating compressors
This thesis presents a set of techniques for non-intrusive sensing and fault detection in reciprocating compressors driven by induction motors. The procedures developed here are "non-intrusive" because they rely only on ...
Schantz, Christopher James
Forced response predictions in modern centrifugal compressor design
A computational interrogation of the time-averaged and time-unsteady flow fields of two centrifugal compressors of nearly identical design (the enhanced, which encountered aeromechanical difficulty, and production, which ...
Smythe, Caitlin J. (Caitlin Jeanne)
Characterization of unsteady flow processes in a centrifugal compressor stage
Numerical experiments have been implemented to characterize the unsteady loading on the rotating impeller blades in a modem centrifugal compressor. These consist of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes simulations of ...
Gould, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Arthur)
Centrifugal compressor return channel shape optimization using adjoint method
This thesis describes the construction of an automated gradient-based optimization process using the adjoint method and its application to centrifugal compressor return channel loss reduction. A proper objective function ...
Guo, Wei, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Return channel loss reduction in multi-stage centrifugal compressors
This thesis presents concepts for improving the performance of return channels in multi-stage centrifugal compressors. Geometries have been developed to reduce both separation and viscous losses. A number of different ...
Aubry, Anne-Rapha�lle
Energy conversion using thermal transpiration : optimization of a Knudsen compressor
Knudsen compressors are devices without any moving parts that use the nanoscale phenomenon of thermal transpiration to pump or compress a gas. Thermal transpiration takes place when a gas is in contact with a solid boundary ...
Klein, Toby A. (Toby Anna)
Development of Inexpensive Turbo Compressor/Expanders for Industrial Use
within the bearing housing/. It contains the lube oil inlet port, the supply passages to the bearings and oil dra1 port. The bearing housing connects both thel turbine and compressor throughinteg~lal support flanges which are arranged 0 each end... was introduced. Drawings were made in sufficient detail and clarity to effect a smooth procurement and manufacturing program. The turbine and compressor wheels were dynamically balanced individually before plating and as an assembly after plating. To avoid...
Jacox, J. W.
Control optimization of the cryoplant warm compressor station for EAST
The cryogenic control system for EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) was designed based on DeltaV DCS of Emerson Corporation. The automatic control of the cryoplant warm compressors has been implemented. However, with ever-degrading performance of critical equipment, the cryoplant operation in the partial design conditions makes the control system fluctuate and unstable. In this paper, the warm compressor control system was optimized to eliminate the pressure oscillation based on the expert PID theory.
Zhuang, M.; Hu, L. B.; Zhou, Z. W.; Xia, G. H. [Cryogenic Engineering Division, Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 1126,Shushanhu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui 230031 (China)
Hyper dispersion pulse compressor for chirped pulse amplification systems
A grating pulse compressor configuration is introduced for increasing the optical dispersion for a given footprint and to make practical the application for chirped pulse amplification (CPA) to quasi-narrow bandwidth materials, such as Nd:YAG. The grating configurations often use cascaded pairs of gratings to increase angular dispersion an order of magnitude or more. Increased angular dispersion allows for decreased grating separation and a smaller compressor footprint.
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA)
Unwinding the Spin on Variable Speed Drive Air Compressors
, the spinners lead us to believe that every VSD compressor has a turndown of 80 percent or better. � Nameplate Horsepower � The spinners stated horsepower is often not the required horsepower. � Constant Pressure � A manufacturer states, �Line pressures... held within one psi�, while another states, �Line pressures held within � 1.5 psi�. Still another manufacturer states, �High process stability�. Due to these statements, compressor sales personnel often make the statement, �If you install a VSD...
Screw Type Steam Compressors for Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Systems
to a usable pressure for reinjection into the process stream. Mycom has developed, designed and installed two large MVR systems using screw compressors: one for a brewery and the other for a whiskey plant. This paper discusses the system aspects... have been slowly adopted and restricted by the mechanical limitations of these compressors. Some of these limitations include: - Low Compression Ratio Poor Durability With Mist - Erosion - Corrosion, etc. The screw steam compression heat pump...
Kawamura, K.; Apaloo, Thomas-L.
This document is the final report for the ''Advanced Compressor Engine Controls to Enhance Operation, Reliability, and Integrity'' project. SwRI conducted this project for DOE in conjunction with Cooper Compression, under DOE contract number DE-FC26-03NT41859. This report addresses an investigation of engine controls for integral compressor engines and the development of control strategies that implement closed-loop NOX emissions feedback.
Gary D. Bourn; Jess W. Gingrich; Jack A. Smith
Development and Testing of a Screw Compressor Supermarket Refrigeration System: Phase II, Final Report.
A laboratory prototype screw compressor refrigeration system was designed, fabricated and tested under various evaporator and ambient conditions. The design is based on a Dunham-Bush vertical hermetic screw compressor and other standard refrigeration components. Results indicate that a screw compressor rack with vapor injection can increase the thermodynamic efficiency of low temperature refrigeration in supermarkets by 20 to 28% compared to multiple reciprocating compressor racks. The payback period of the screw compressor refrigeration system relative to multiple reciprocating compressor systems is 1.1 to 1.5 years and the net present value savings range from 15 to 22 thousand dollars.
Borhanian, H. Hamed; Toscano, William M.; Lee, Kang P.
Downhole steam generator having a downhole oxidant compressor
Apparatus and method for generation of steam in a borehole for penetration into an earth formation wherein a downhole oxidant compressor is used to compress relatively low pressure (atmospheric) oxidant, such as air, to a relatively high pressure prior to mixing with fuel for combustion. The multi-stage compressor receives motive power through a shaft driven by a gas turbine powered by the hot expanding combustion gases. The main flow of compressed oxidant passes through a velocity increasing nozzle formed by a reduced central section of the compressor housing. An oxidant bypass feedpipe leading to peripheral oxidant injection nozzles of the combustion chamber are also provided. The downhole compressor allows effective steam generation in deep wells without need for high pressure surface compressors. Feedback preheater means are provided for preheating fuel in a preheat chamber. Preheating of the water occurs in both a water feed line running from aboveground and in a countercurrent water flow channel surrounding the combustor assembly. The countercurrent water flow channels advantageously serve to cool the combustion chamber wall. The water is injected through slotted inlets along the combustion chamber wall to provide an unstable boundary layer and stripping of the water from the wall for efficient steam generation. Pressure responsive doors are provided at the steam outlet for closing and sealing the combustion chamber from entry of reservoir fluids in the event of a flameout.
Fox, Ronald L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Development of an Electrochemical Separator and Compressor
Global conversion to sustainable energy is likely to result in a hydrogen-based economy that supports U.S. energy security objectives while simultaneously avoiding harmful carbon emissions. A key hurdle to successful implementation of a hydrogen economy is the low-cost generation, storage, and distribution of hydrogen. One of the most difficult requirements of this transformation is achieving economical, high density hydrogen storage in passenger vehicles. Transportation applications may require compression and storage of high purity hydrogen up to 12,000 psi. Hydrogen production choices range from centralized low-pressure generation of relatively impure gas in large quantities from steam-methane reformer plants to distributed generation of hydrogen under moderate pressure using water electrolysis. The Electrochemical Hydrogen Separator + Compressor (EHS+C) technology separates hydrogen from impurities and then compresses it to high pressure without any moving parts. The Phase I effort resulted in the construction and demonstration of a laboratory-scale hardware that can separate and compress hydrogen from reformate streams. The completion of Phase I has demonstrated at the laboratory scale the efficient separation and compression of hydrogen in a cost effective manner. This was achieved by optimizing the design of the Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression (EHC) cell hardware and verified by parametric testing in single cell hardware. A broad range of commercial applications exist for reclamation of hydrogen. One use this technology would be in combination with commercial fuel cells resulting in a source of clean power, heat, and compressed hydrogen. Other applications include the reclamation of hydrogen from power plants and other industrial equipment where it is used for cooling, recovery of process hydrogen from heat treating processes, and semiconductor fabrication lines. Hydrogen can also be recovered from reformate streams and cryogenic boil-offs using this technology.
Trent Molter
A simple criterion for three-dimensional flow separation in axial compressors
Most modem blade designs in axial-flow compressors diffuse the flow efficiently over 20% to 80% of blade span and it is the endwall regions that set the limits in compressor performance. This thesis addresses the estimation, ...
Lei, Vai-Man
Application of a design optimization strategy to multi-stage compressor matching
A major challenge in the design of multi-stage compressors is the matching of stages to enable stable operation over a large range of mass flows and operating conditions. Particularly in turbofan low-pressure compressors, ...
Bert, J�r�me
Noise Reduction of Centrifugal Compressors using Array of Quarter Wavelength Resonators
compressor is studied, which is aimed to reduce the tonal noise of the compressor. In order to optimally design the quarter-wavelength resonators, numerical simulations are performed by using a commercial software package, COMSOL Multiphysics � Acoustics...
Ye, Nan
Turbo-alternator-compressor design for supercritical high density working fluids
Techniques for generating power are provided. Such techniques involve a thermodynamic system including a housing, a turbine positioned in a turbine cavity of the housing, a compressor positioned in a compressor cavity of the housing, and an alternator positioned in a rotor cavity between the turbine and compressor cavities. The compressor has a high-pressure face facing an inlet of the compressor cavity and a low-pressure face on an opposite side thereof. The alternator has a rotor shaft operatively connected to the turbine and compressor, and is supported in the housing by bearings. Ridges extending from the low-pressure face of the compressor may be provided for balancing thrust across the compressor. Seals may be positioned about the alternator for selectively leaking fluid into the rotor cavity to reduce the temperature therein.
Wright, Steven A.; Fuller, Robert L.
Design and operation of a counter-rotating aspirated compressor blowdown test facility
A unique counter-rotating aspirated compressor was tested in a blowdown facility at the Gas Turbine Laboratory at MIT. The facility expanded on experience from previous blowdown turbine and blowdown compressor experiments. ...
Parker, David V. (David Vickery)
Commissioning of the LCLS Linac and Bunch Compressors
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a SASE x-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) project under construction at SLAC [1]. The injector section, from drive-laser and RF photocathode gun through the first bunch compressor, was commissioned in the spring and summer of 2007. The second phase of commissioning, including the second bunch compressor and various main linac modifications, was completed in January through August of 2008. We report here on experience gained during this second phase of machine commissioning, including the injector, the first and second bunch compressor stages, the linac up to 14 GeV, and beam stability measurements. The final commissioning phase, including the undulator and the long transport line from the linac, is set to begin in December 2008, with first light expected in July 2009.
Akre, R.; Brachmann, A.; Decker, F.-J.; Ding, Y.; Dowell, D.; Emma#, P.; Frisch, J.; Gilevich, S.; Hays, G.; Hering, Ph.; Huang, Z.; Iverson, R.; Limborg-Deprey, C.; Loos, H.; Molloy, S.; Miahnahri, A.; Nuhn, H.-D.; Ratner, D.; Turner, J.; Welch, J.; White, W.; /SLAC
A cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor for superfluid helium refrigeration
CERN's new project, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will use superfluid helium as coolant for its high-field superconducting magnets and therefore require large capacity refrigeration at 1.8 K. This may only be achieved by subatmospheric compression of gaseous helium at cryogenic temperature. To stimulate development of this technology, CERN has procured from industry prototype Cold Compressor Units (CCU). This unit is based on a cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor, running on ceramic ball bearings and driven by a variable-frequency electrical motor operating under low-pressure helium at ambient temperature. The machine has been commissioned and is now in operation. After describing basic constructional features of the compressor, we report on measured performance.
Decker, L; Schustr, P; Vins, M; Brunovsky, I; Lebrun, P; Tavian, L
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to UserProduct: CrudeOffice ofINL is a U.S.11-26-20131 10Daniel White
Development and Testing of a Screw Compressor Supermarket Refrigeration System. Phase I Final Report.
Aspen Systems, Inc. has completed the design and performance evaluation for a screw compressor refrigeration system for supermarket application. A major advantage of such a system is its ability to exactly match the compressor capacity to the refrigeration load. The capacity modulation of the compressor is performed by the repositioning of an infinitely adjustable slide valve. Another advantage of this system is its compatibility with vapor injection which is an inexpensive and reliable method of liquid subcooling and compressor intercooling.
Borhanian, H.H.; Toscano, W.M.
An investigation of axial-flow compressor blade treatments
of axial-flow compressor [5] . According to Schlicting [1], the basic methods of controlling the boundary layer on a body are (1) relative motion of the body surface w1th the flow, (2) acceleration of the boundary layer by blowing, (3) suction, (0) in...c methods. The literature survey revealed that three d1fferent techn1ques of boundary layer oontrol have been investigated for applicat1on to axial- flow compressor bladingi these are (1) the slotted blade, (2) the blade shape designed for a...
Sangerhausen, Charles Roger
Polyol esters as HFC-134a compressor lubricants
A polyol ester-based lubricant has been applied to HFC-134a household refrigerator compressors, because of its good miscibility with HFC-134a refrigerant, and there is a possibility that it will be applied to automobile air conditions. For better performance, further improvements are needed regarding miscibility, lubricity and chemical stability of the lubricant, because such systems are often used under extreme conditions. This report discusses the required properties and ways to improve performance of polyol esters as HFC-134a compressor lubricants. 7 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.
Komatsuzaki, S.; Homma, Y.; Itoh, Y. [Hitachi Ltd. (Japan)] [and others
2009-32-0176/20097176 Miniature HCCI Free-Piston Engine Compressor
SETC2009 2009-32-0176/20097176 Miniature HCCI Free-Piston Engine Compressor For Orthosis charge compression ignition (HCCI) free-piston engine compressor aimed at an ankle-foot orthosis that the HCCI free- piston engine compressor, designed in a prototype package scale of about 80x40x20 mm
Durfee, William K.
Drive actuation in active control of centrifugal compressors Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
Drive actuation in active control of centrifugal compressors Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland-1375 Billingstad NORWAY CompressorShaft Electric drive Active surge control law Shaft speed Compressor performance control Figure 1: Active surge control using drive 1 Introduction Traditionally, centrifugal
A Moore-Greitzer axial compressor model with spool Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
/surge-model. A model for centrifugal compressors with nonconstant speed was presented in 2]. In 5] a similar model applies to centrifugal compressors. It seems that the modeling and control of an axial com- pression) Table 1: Development in compressor stall/surge- control. A=Axial, C=Centrifugal, M=Modeling, C
A Scalable Multi-Engine Xpress9 Compressor with Asynchronous Data Transfer Joo-Young Kim
to the host, which makes the proposed compressor useful under multi-threaded server environment. II. XPRESS9A Scalable Multi-Engine Xpress9 Compressor with Asynchronous Data Transfer Joo-Young Kim Microsoft as a PCIe accelerator to achieve CPU resource saving and high power efficiency. The proposed compressor
Hauck, Scott
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Fall 2010 Advanced Cooled Compressor Diaphragms
PENNSTATE Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Fall 2010 Advanced Cooled Compressor compressor that is cooled by circulating water through its diaphragm (isothermal compression instead in future efforts to make this advanced cooled compressor a reality in the CCS industry #12;
Demirel, Melik C.
Investigation of H2 Diaphragm Compressors to Enable Low-Cost Long-Life Operation
This is a �short� annual report to DOE Fuel Cell Technology Office describing the research on modeling and materials analysis of diaphragms in a diaphragm-type hydrogen compressor. The compressor design details and diaphragm materials were provided by PDC Machines, Inc., a commercial manufacturer of diaphragm-type hydrogen compressors that PNNL is partnering with in this project
Rohatgi, Aashish; Johnson, Kenneth I.
Analysis of radiation exposure for Naval personnel at Operation Castle. Technical report, 1 January 1983-31 January 1984
Film-badge doses are reconstructed for sixteen ships and the residence islands of Enewetak and Kwajalein Atolls resulting from the six nuclear detonations comprising Operation CASTLE (March-May 1954). Fallout from Shots BRAVO and ROMEO was the major source of contamination on most of the ships and islands. Varying amounts of fallout from Shots UNION, YANKEE, and NECTAR contributed somewhat to the total doses of the shipboard and island-based personnel; no fallout was experienced as a result of Shot KOON. Shipboard personnel received additional exposure from hulls and salt water piping systems that had become contaminated from operating in the radioactive waters of Bikini Lagoon. From the reconstructed radiation environments, both topside and below, an equivalent film badge dose is calculated and compared to actual dosimetry data. Agreement is very good during badged periods when the ships received significant fallout. When topside intensities were not documented, generally late in the operation when intensity levels were low, agreement is not as good. Calculated ship contamination doses of significance are in excellent agreement with limited available dosimetry data. Calculated average doses for shipboard personnel range from a low of 0.19 rem for the crew of the USS LST-825 to a high of 3.56 rem for the crew of the USS PHILIP. Average doses on the residence islands of Enewetak and Kwajalein Atolls are 1.09 rem and 0.32 rem, respectively.
Thomas, C.; Goetz, J.; Klemm, J.; Weitz, R.
Towards development of an incipient surge detection device for centrifugal compressors
and the centrifugal or mixed-flow compressor. Of these two compressors, the centrifugal type has the higher pressure ratio per stage. A typical performance map for a centrifugal compressor is shown in Fig. 1. Curves of constant efficiency, known as efficiency... the centrifugal compressor does have a higher pressure ratio, the axial flow compressor has a The citations on the following pages follow the style of t. h ASME Jo 1 f E~ f po Surge Line / ( I I I I / / / / / / / ncreasin m 0 0 e '4 C4 8 0 D...
Hassinger, David Alan
Parentage in White Sturgeon
Final Report R/AQ-131 Parentage in White Sturgeon Bernie Mayassignment of farmed white sturgeon to 95%. Project Goalsfamily cohorts of farmed white sturgeon for the purpose of
May, Bernie
White sponge nevus
17. Lamey PJ, et al. Oral White sponge naevus: response to140 4. Frithiof L, Banoczy J. White sponge nevus (leukoedema5. Jorgensen RJ, Levin S. White sponge nevus. Arch Dermatol
Dadlani, Chicky; Mengden, Stephanie; Kerr, A Ross
DOUGLASR. WHITE MICHAELL. BURTON University of California, Irvine Causes of Polygyny: Ecology-wives, and with a pattern of aloofness between hus- bands and wives (Whiting and Whiting 1975). Nineteenth
White, Douglas R.
Compressor Selection and Equipment Sizing for Cold Climate Heat Pumps
In order to limit heating capacity degradation at -25 C (-13 F) ambient to 25%, compared to the nominal rating point capacity at 8.3 C (47 F), an extensive array of design and sizing options were investigated, based on fundamental equipment system modeling and building energy simulation. Sixteen equipment design options were evaluated in one commercial building and one residential building, respectively in seven cities. The energy simulation results were compared to three baseline cases: 100% electric resistance heating, a 9.6 HSPF single-speed heat pump unit, and 90% AFUE gas heating system. The general recommendation is that variable-speed compressors and tandem compressors, sized such that their rated heating capacity at a low speed matching the building design cooling load, are able to achieve the capacity goal at low ambient temperatures by over-speeding, for example, a home with a 3.0 ton design cooling load, a tandem heat pump could meet this cooling load running a single compressor, while running both compressors to meet heating load at low ambient temperatures in a cold climate. Energy savings and electric resistance heat reductions vary with building types, energy codes and climate zones. Oversizing a heat pump can result in larger energy saving in a less energy efficient building and colder regions due to reducing electric resistance heating. However, in a more energy-efficient building or for buildings in warmer climates, one has to consider balance between reduction of resistance heat and addition of cyclic loss.
Shen, Bo [ORNL] [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL; Rice, C Keith [ORNL] [ORNL
Scroll compressor modelling for heat pumps using hydrocarbons as refrigerants
1 Scroll compressor modelling for heat pumps using hydrocarbons as refrigerants Paul BYRNE and to install heat pumps in unoccupied spaces. Nevertheless manufacturers keep working on components for hydrocarbons. In the frame of a research project on heat pumps for simultaneous heating and cooling, an R407C
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Applications of a Turbomachinery Design Tool for Compressors and Turbines
Applications of a Turbomachinery Design Tool for Compressors and Turbines Mark G. Turner University, 02139, USA Dario Bruna University of Genoa, Genoa, 16145, Italy A turbomachinery design system, T dynamics tools for the design and the analysis of turbomachinery con- figurations is well documented
Cincinnati, University of
Gas compressor with side branch absorber for pulsation control
A method and system for reducing pulsation in lateral piping associated with a gas compressor system. A tunable side branch absorber (TSBA) is installed on the lateral piping. A pulsation sensor is placed in the lateral piping, to measure pulsation within the piping. The sensor output signals are delivered to a controller, which controls actuators that change the acoustic dimensions of the SBA.
Harris, Ralph E. (San Antonio, TX); Scrivner, Christine M. (San Antonio, TX); Broerman, III, Eugene L. (San Antonio, TX)
Environmental wear testing of nonmetallic materials for compressor applications
A full-size prototypical test facility was designed and built to test nonmetallic materials in support of reciprocating compressor applications. Conventional test rigs utilize a pin- or ring-on-disk configuration to produce wear data in rotary motion under relatively low applied loads. In contrast, the subject test facility is constructed around a 9-inch (23-cm) stroke compressor frame. The test specimen and counterface configurations are similar to compressor packing rings and piston rods, respectively, and specimens are spring-loaded to variable levels encompassing actual compressor conditions. Testing to date has been performed at 500 rpm, 200 F (93 C), and three different load levels [65, 130 and 195 psi (450, 900 and 1,350 kPa)]. Material wear rate in air versus specimen pressure reveals a linear relationship with a slope of approximately 0.12 mils/day/psi (0.44 {micro}m/day/kPa). The wear performance of six different materials has been ranked in air. Future testing will focus on creating a database for material wear rates in air and nitrogen.
Parrington, R.J.; Hinchliff, E.M.
POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL AIR COMPRESSORS Chris Schmidt
of control, and potential problems such as inadequate compressed air storage, over-sized compressors are compared to suggested guidelines for energy-efficient air compression. INTRODUCTION Compressed air's annual electric costs, and the unit energy cost of compressed air ranges from about $0.15 to $0.35 per
Kissock, Kelly
1 PB13-078 ELECTRICAL ANALOGY MODELLING OF PEFC SYSTEM FED BY A COMPRESSOR Moussa Chnani1 , Hattab is expected to have a low cost, a low weight and a low size, to compete with more and more efficient is representative of an embedded generator, i.e. few sensors, few actuators. Gaseous hydrogen is stored in a tank
83-9E9-TOPIC-P3 Unrestricted DOMslon ManagerHIGH-EFFICIENCY DUAL-STROKE COMPRESSOR
, two-capacity,.three cylinder, reciprocating piston, hermetic compressor for the advanced electric heat-pump
Speed and surge control for a low order centrifugal compressor model Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland
Speed and surge control for a low order centrifugal compressor model Jan Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Previous work on stabilization of compressor surge is extended to include control of the angular velocity of the compressor. First a low order centrifugal compressor model is presented where the states are mass ow
Pilot study of commercial water-loop heat pump compressor life
This study of the service life of water-loop heat pump compressors in commercial office buildings, using data gathered from the service records of one heat pump service contractor, focused on the replacement of compressors in small console ( perimeter'') water-loop heat pumps and in larger vertical and horizontal ( core'') units. A statistical methodology for dealing with censored data was developed for this study which is an extension of the methodologies used in other EPRI studies of heat pump and heat pump compressor life. By extrapolating a Weibull distribution curve fitted to the data, the median service life of the sample of perimeter unit compressors (the age at which 50% of the original population of compressors would be expected to have been replaced) was estimated to be 47 years. The median service life of a sample that excluded compressors with a known manufacturing defect was estimated to be 69 years. Core unit compressor replacements were analyzed in the same manner. Extrapolation of a Weibull distribution yielded an estimated median service life of core unit compressors of 12 years. As with the perimeter unit compressors, there was an identified manufacturing defect. When the compressors with the identified fault were excluded from the sample and the data reanalyzed, the median service life for the compressors in the remainder of the buildings was estimated to be 18 years.
Ross, D.P. (Policy Research Associates, Inc., Reston, VA (USA))
High Technology Centrifugal Compressor for Commercial Air Conditioning Systems
R&D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT in partnership with the State of Connecticut has been developing a high technology, oil-free, energy-efficient centrifugal compressor called CENVA for commercial air conditioning systems under a program funded by the US Department of Energy. The CENVA compressor applies the foil bearing technology used in all modern aircraft, civil and military, air conditioning systems. The CENVA compressor will enhance the efficiency of water and air cooled chillers, packaged roof top units, and other air conditioning systems by providing an 18% reduction in energy consumption in the unit capacity range of 25 to 350 tons of refrigeration The technical approach for CENVA involved the design and development of a high-speed, oil-free foil gas bearing-supported two-stage centrifugal compressor, CENVA encompassed the following high technologies, which are not currently utilized in commercial air conditioning systems: Foil gas bearings operating in HFC-134a; Efficient centrifugal impellers and diffusers; High speed motors and drives; and System integration of above technologies. Extensive design, development and testing efforts were carried out. Significant accomplishments achieved under this program are: (1) A total of 26 builds and over 200 tests were successfully completed with successively improved designs; (2) Use of foil gas bearings in refrigerant R134a was successfully proven; (3) A high speed, high power permanent magnet motor was developed; (4) An encoder was used for signal feedback between motor and controller. Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, the compressor could not operate at higher speed and in turn at higher pressure. In order to alleviate this problem a unique sensorless controller was developed; (5) This controller has successfully been tested as stand alone; however, it has not yet been integrated and tested as a system; (6) The compressor successfully operated at water cooled condensing temperatures Due to temperature limitations of the encoder, it could not be operated at air cooled condensing temperatures. (7) The two-stage impellers/diffusers worked well separately but combined did not match well.
Ruckes, John
This report contains the final project summary and deliverables required by the award for the development of an In-line Electric Motor Driven Compressor (IEMDC). Extensive work was undertaken during the course of the project to develop the motor and the compressor section of the IEMDC unit. Multiple design iterations were performed to design an electric motor for operation in a natural gas environment and to successfully integrate the motor with a compressor. During the project execution, many challenges were successfully overcome in order to achieve the project goals and to maintain the system design integrity. Some of the challenges included limiting the magnitude of the compressor aerodynamic loading for appropriate sizing of the magnetic bearings, achieving a compact motor rotor size to meet the rotor dynamic requirements of API standards, devising a motor cooling scheme using high pressure natural gas, minimizing the impact of cooling on system efficiency, and balancing the system thrust loads for the magnetic thrust bearing. Design methods that were used on the project included validated state-of-the-art techniques such as finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics along with the combined expertise of both Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation and Dresser-Rand Company. One of the most significant areas of work undertaken on the project was the development of the unit configuration for the system. Determining the configuration of the unit was a significant step in achieving integration of the electric motor into a totally enclosed compression system. Product review of the IEMDC unit configuration was performed during the course of the development process; this led to an alternate design configuration. The alternate configuration is a modular design with the electric motor and compressor section each being primarily contained in its own pressure containing case. This new concept resolved the previous conflict between the aerodynamic flow passage requirements and electric motor requirements for support and utilities by bounding the flowpath within the compressor section. However most importantly, the benefits delivered by the new design remained the same as those proposed by the goals of the project. In addition, this alternate configuration resulted in the achievement of a few additional advantages over the original concept such as easier maintenance, operation, and installation. Interaction and feedback solicited from target clients regarding the unit configuration supports the fact that the design addresses industry issues regarding accessibility, maintainability, preferred operating practice, and increased reliability.
Michael J. Crowley; Prem N. Bansal
Heat powered refrigeration compressor. Semi-annual technical report
The objective of this program is to develop and improve the design of previously started prototypes of the Heat Powered Refrigeration Compressor. To build this prototype and ready it for testing by the University of Evansville is another goal. This prototype will be of similar capacity as the compressor that will eventually be commercially produced. This unit can operate on almost any moderate temperature water heat source. This heat source could include such applications as industrial waste heat, solar, wood burning stove, resistance electrical heat produced by a windmill, or even perhaps heat put out by the condenser of another refrigeration system. Work performed in the past four months has consisted of: engineering of HX-1; comparisons of specifications from different companies to ensure state of the art applications of parts for project; coordinating project requirements with machine shop; designing condenser; and partial assembly of HX-1.
Goad, R.R.
Turbine inter-disk cavity cooling air compressor
A combustion turbine may have a cooling circuit for directing a cooling medium through the combustion turbine to cool various components of the combustion turbine. This cooling circuit may include a compressor, a combustor shell and a component of the combustion turbine to be cooled. This component may be a rotating blade of the combustion turbine. A pressure changing mechanism is disposed in the combustion turbine between the component to be cooled and the combustor shell. The cooling medium preferably flows from the compressor to the combustor shell, through a cooler, the component to the cooled and the pressure changing mechanism. After flowing through the pressure changing mechanism, the cooling medium is returned to the combustor shell. The pressure changing mechanism preferably changes the pressure of the cooling medium from a pressure at which it is exhausted from the component to be cooled to approximately that of the combustor shell.
Little, David Allen (Oviedo, FL)
A High Reliability Gas-driven Helium Cryogenic Centrifugal Compressor
A helium cryogenic compressor was developed and tested in real conditions in 1996. The achieved objective was to compress 0.018 kg/s Helium at 4 K @ 1000 Pa (10 mbar) up to 3000 Pa (30 mbar). This project was an opportunity to develop and test an interesting new concept in view of future needs. The main features of this new specific technology are described. Particular attention is paid to the gas bearing supported rotor and to the pneumatic driver. Trade off between existing technologies and the present work are presented with special stress on the bearing system and the driver. The advantages are discussed, essentially focused on life time and high reliability without maintenance as well as non pollution characteristic. Practical operational modes are also described together with the experimental performances of the compressor. The article concludes with a brief outlook of future work.
Bonneton, M; Gistau-Baguer, Guy M; Turcat, F; Viennot, P
Plasma Switch for High-Power Active Pulse Compressor
Results are presented from experiments carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory X-band magnicon facility on a two-channel X-band active RF pulse compressor that employed plasma switches. Experimental evidence is shown to validate the basic goals of the project, which include: simultaneous firing of plasma switches in both channels of the RF circuit, operation of quasi-optical 3-dB hybrid directional coupler coherent superposition of RF compressed pulses from both channels, and operation of the X-band magnicon directly in the RF pulse compressor. For incident 1.2 ?s pulses in the range 0.63 ? 1.35 MW, compressed pulses of peak powers 5.7 ? 11.3 MW were obtained, corresponding to peak power gain ratios of 8.3 ? 9.3. Insufficient bakeout and conditioning of the high-power RF circuit prevented experiments from being conducted at higher RF input power levels.
Hirshfield, Jay L. [Omega-P, Inc.] [Omega-P, Inc.
The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant.
Chupp, Raymond E. (Oviedo, FL); Little, David A. (Oviedo, FL)
The inter-disk cavity between turbine rotor disks is used to pressurize cooling air. A plurality of ridges extend radially outwardly over the face of the rotor disks. When the rotor disks are rotated, the ridges cause the inter-disk cavity to compress air coolant flowing through the inter-disk cavity en route to the rotor blades. The ridges eliminate the need for an external compressor to pressurize the air coolant. 5 figs.
Chupp, R.E.; Little, D.A.
Linear Complexity Lossy Compressor for Binary Redundant Memoryless Sources
A lossy compression algorithm for binary redundant i.i.d. sources is presented. The proposed scheme is based on sparse graph codes. By introducing a nonlinear function, redundant memoryless sequences can be compressed. We propose a linear complexity compressor based on the extended belief propagation, into which an inertia term is heuristically introduced, and show that it has near optimal performance for moderate blocklengths.
Mimura, Kazushi
Am improved apparatus is described for the downhole injection of steam into boreholes, for tertiary oil recovery. It includes an oxidant supply, a fuel supply, an igniter, a water supply, an oxidant compressor, and a combustor assembly. The apparatus is designed for efficiency, preheating of the water, and cooling of the combustion chamber walls. The steam outlet to the borehole is provided with pressure-responsive doors for closing the outlet in response to flameout. (DLC)
Fox, R.L.
Simulating effects of multispeed compressors on refrigerator/freezer performance
Simulation analyses suggest that a multispeed compressor could increase steady-state operating efficiency by 4% to 14%. An additional 0.5% to 4% energy savings might be obtained from the reduction in the cycling frequency of the refrigerator. Several aspects of the robustness of the capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger design for the two-speed compressor system were also examined with the simulation model. It was shown that a system optimized for low-speed operation, when operating at the high speed, could have as much capacity as the original base case high-speed system. A relatively simple control strategy was proposed, one that requires measurement of on-cycle time and one or two compartment air temperatures. The effects of varying the speed of the evaporator or condenser fans at both compressor speeds were examined over a range of ambient temperatures. One energy-saving scenario was identified: decreasing the condenser fan speed for refrigerators operating at low ambient temperatures. By affecting the distribution of refrigerant change throughout the system, the decrease in condenser fan speed reduces the superheat in the evaporator and increases the overall UA of the evaporator. The resulting increase in evaporator capacity more than offsets the decrease in condenser UA and the energy use of the refrigerator is decreased.
Woodall, R.J. [International Paper Technology, Mobile, AL (United States); Bullard, C.W. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center
Avoiding compressor surge during emergency shutdown hybridturbine systems
A new emergency shutdown procedure for a direct-fired fuel cell turbine hybrid power system was evaluated using a hardware-based simulation of an integrated gasifier/fuel cell/turbine hybrid cycle (IGFC), implemented through the Hybrid Performance (Hyper) project at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (NETL). The Hyper facility is designed to explore dynamic operation of hybrid systems and quantitatively characterize such transient behavior. It is possible to model, test, and evaluate the effects of different parameters on the design and operation of a gasifier/fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system and provide a means of quantifying risk mitigation strategies. An open-loop system analysis regarding the dynamic effect of bleed air, cold air bypass, and load bank is presented in order to evaluate the combination of these three main actuators during emergency shutdown. In the previous Hybrid control system architecture, catastrophic compressor failures were observed when the fuel and load bank were cut off during emergency shutdown strategy. Improvements were achieved using a nonlinear fuel valve ramp down when the load bank was not operating. Experiments in load bank operation show compressor surge and stall after emergency shutdown activation. The difficulties in finding an optimal compressor and cathode mass flow for mitigation of surge and stall using these actuators are illustrated.
Pezzini, Paolo [University of Genova, Italy; Tucker, David [U.S. DOE; Traverso, Alberto [University of Genova, Italy
Investigation of flow in vane-island diffusers in centrifugal compressors
. Meherwan P. Boyce In this thesis, both theoretical and experimental investigations of flow in a high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor vane-island diffuser, have been carried out. The flow propagation through the island diffuser and the boundary... flow angles. The separation should be avoided or delayed to improve compressor performance. Johnson and Powers [7] have looked into the effect of inlet blockage on diffuser performance. The high-pressure-ratio centrifugal compressor has narrow...
Vandijk, Hanne Nicolaas
Dual capacity compressor with reversible motor and controls arrangement therefor
A hermetic reciprocating compressor such as may be used in heat pump applications is provided for dual capacity operation by providing the crankpin of the crankshaft with an eccentric ring rotatably mounted thereon, and with the end of the connecting rod opposite the piston encompassing the outer circumference of the eccentric ring, with means limiting the rotation of the eccentric ring upon the crankpin between one end point and an opposite angularly displaced end point to provide different values of eccentricity depending upon which end point the eccentric ring is rotated to upon the crankpin, and a reversible motor in the hermetic shell of the compressor for rotating the crankshaft, the motor operating in one direction effecting the angular displacement of the eccentric ring relative to the crankpin to the one end point, and in the opposite direction effecting the angular displacement of the eccentric ring relative to the crankpin to the opposite end point, this arrangement automatically giving different stroke lengths depending upon the direction of motor rotation. The mechanical structure of the arrangement may take various forms including at least one in which any impact of reversal is reduced by utilizing lubricant passages and chambers at the interface area of the crankpin and eccentric ring to provide a dashpot effect. In the main intended application of the arrangement according to the invention, that is, in a refrigerating or air conditioning system, it is desirable to insure a delay during reversal of the direction of compressor operation. A control arrangement is provided in which the control system controls the direction of motor operation in accordance with temperature conditions, the system including control means for effecting operation in a low capacity direction or alternatively in a high capacity direction in response to one set, and another set, respectively, of temperature conditions and with timer means delaying a restart of the compressor motor for at least a predetermined time in response to a condition of the control means operative to initiate a change in the operating direction of the compressor when it restarts.
Sisk, Francis J. (Washington Township, Fayette County, PA)
Oversimplification: a reply to White
Unfavoured. Analysis 68: ?? -?? White, R. 2005. Why favourOversimplification: a reply to White Nathan Robert Smith Whyfavour simpler hypotheses? Roger White has argued �that the
Smith, Nathan Robert
Thrust Area 2 Free-Piston Compressor for Portable Fluid-Powered Systems
Thrust Area 2 Free-Piston Compressor for Portable Fluid-Powered Systems Dr. Eric J. Barth José AMH batteries). Utili hi h d it li ti Free Piston Compressor (FPC) vs. Electrical Batteries System Source Energy · Utilize a free piston engine configuration to compress air by extracting energy from combustion of propane
Barth, Eric J.
Design of a Free Piston Pneumatic Compressor as a Mobile Robot Power Supply
Design of a Free Piston Pneumatic Compressor as a Mobile Robot Power Supply Jose A. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The design of a free piston compressor (FPC) intended as a pneumatic power supply combustion to compress air into a high-pressure supply tank by using the kinetic energy of a free piston
TCgen 2.0: A Tool to Automatically Generate Lossless Trace Compressors Martin Burtscher
TCgen 2.0: A Tool to Automatically Generate Lossless Trace Compressors Martin Burtscher Computer of TCgen, a tool for generating portable lossless trace compressors based on user-provided trace format, making it ideal for trace-based research and teaching environments as well as for trace archives. Version
Burtscher, Martin
Testing and modeling of compressors for low-lift cooling applications
In this thesis, an inverter-driven variable speed scroll compressor is tested on a de-superheater test stand to determine its performance in areas of low-lift and low compressor speed. The goal is to adapt this test stand ...
Willingham, Ryan Alexander
NOISE CONTROL METHODS FOR A RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR USED IN FUEL CELL AUXILIARY POWER UNIT Air pollution Noise pollution Engine life Remedy Fuel cell APU Quieter Low emissions Exhaust Heat, Case History: Noise control approaches for an air-compressor in a fuel-cell auxiliary power unit, Noise
Carver, Jeffrey C.
A Vlasov-Maxwell Solver to Study Microbunching Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA First Bunch Compressor System
A Vlasov-Maxwell Solver to Study Microbunching Instability in the FERMI@ELETTRA First Bunch Compressor System
Bassi, G; Ellison, J A; Heinemann, K A
Castle Hall Emergency Instructions
Security at 403-220-5333 from a safe location Hazardous Materials Spill Only attempt to clean up a spill assailant, run away from the subject Hide - if you cannot flee, or do not know the location of the shooter, hide in a locked or barricaded room and turn out the lights Fight if confronted by the shooter
de Leon, Alex R.
Compressor discharge bleed air circuit in gas turbine plants and related method
A gas turbine system that includes a compressor, a turbine component and a load, wherein fuel and compressor discharge bleed air are supplied to a combustor and gaseous products of combustion are introduced into the turbine component and subsequently exhausted to atmosphere. A compressor discharge bleed air circuit removes bleed air from the compressor and supplies one portion of the bleed air to the combustor and another portion of the compressor discharge bleed air to an exhaust stack of the turbine component in a single cycle system, or to a heat recovery steam generator in a combined cycle system. In both systems, the bleed air diverted from the combustor may be expanded in an air expander to reduce pressure upstream of the exhaust stack or heat recovery steam generator.
Anand, Ashok Kumar (Niskayuna, NY); Berrahou, Philip Fadhel (Latham, NY); Jandrisevits, Michael (Clifton Park, NY)
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 7, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 1999 567 Centrifugal Compressor Surge and Speed Control
since surge limits the useful range of mass flows where the compressor operates stably. Large amplitude Compressor Surge and Speed Control Jan Tommy Gravdahl, Member, IEEE, and Olav Egeland, Member, IEEE Abstract--Previous work on stabilization of compressor surge is extended to include control of the angular velocity
Performance analysis of a series of hermetic reciprocating compressors working with R290 (propane) and R407C
Performance analysis of a series of hermetic reciprocating compressors working with R290 (propane with propane as refrigerant are analyzed in terms of the compressor model developed by [E. Navarro, E. Granryd. In addition, a comparison study between propane and R407C was carried out for one compressor and the observed
Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro
Detector for flow abnormalities in gaseous diffusion plant compressors
A detector detects a flow abnormality in a plant compressor which outputs a motor current signal. The detector includes a demodulator/lowpass filter demodulating and filtering the motor current signal producing a demodulated signal, and first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters connected to the demodulator/lowpass filter, and filtering the demodulated signal in accordance with first, second, third and fourth bandpass frequencies generating first, second, third and fourth filtered signals having first, second, third and fourth amplitudes. The detector also includes first, second, third and fourth amplitude detectors connected to the first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters respectively, and detecting the first, second, third and fourth amplitudes, and first and second adders connected to the first and fourth amplitude detectors and the second and third amplitude detectors respectively, and adding the first and fourth amplitudes and the second and third amplitudes respectively generating first and second added signals. Finally, the detector includes a comparator, connected to the first and second adders, and comparing the first and second added signals and detecting the abnormal condition in the plant compressor when the second added signal exceeds the first added signal by a predetermined value.
Smith, Stephen F. (Loudon, TN); Castleberry, Kim N. (Harriman, TN)
A detector detects a flow abnormality in a plant compressor which outputs a motor current signal. The detector includes a demodulator/lowpass filter demodulating and filtering the motor current signal producing a demodulated signal, and first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters connected to the demodulator/lowpass filter, and filtering the demodulated signal in accordance with first, second, third and fourth bandpass frequencies generating first, second, third and fourth filtered signals having first, second, third and fourth amplitudes. The detector also includes first, second, third and fourth amplitude detectors connected to the first, second, third and fourth bandpass filters respectively, and detecting the first, second, third and fourth amplitudes, and first and second adders connected to the first and fourth amplitude detectors and the second and third amplitude detectors respectively, and adding the first and fourth amplitudes and the second and third amplitudes respectively generating first and second added signals. Finally, the detector includes a comparator, connected to the first and second adders, and comparing the first and second added signals and detecting the abnormal condition in the plant compressor when the second added signal exceeds the first added signal by a predetermined value. 6 figs.
Smith, S.F.; Castleberry, K.N.
Brendan M. White
Brendan M. White About ESnet Our Mission The Network ESnet History Governance & Policies Career Opportunities ESnet Staff & Org Chart Administration Advanced Network Technologies...
Parametric testing and evaluation of a free-piston Stirling engine/linear compressor system
A 3 Kw free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) driving a linear Rankine cycle vapor compressor has been under development by the Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute and General Electric Company as a heat activated heat pump (HAHP) for residential applications since 1976. This paper presents data obtained from recent testing on the FPSE/linear compressor unit. System performance and engine/compressor matching and control tests and analyses are presented and discussed. Engine component performance and loss test data are also presented. A description of the low-cost real-time digital data acquisition system is included. Engine/compressor test results show maximum engine power levels over 3 Kw, close to the design goal of 3.2 Kw. However, maximum efficiency is approximately 25 percent, 5 points below the design goal. The test results are used to construct maps of engine performance and compressor performance. These maps support the engine/compressor matching techniques. Confirmation of the control system features needed to provide matched engine/compressor operation is presented. Loss measurements under engine oscillating flow conditions show that quasi-steady models of oscillating flow substantially underestimate losses, and that various Stirling engine models predict significantly different component losses. Both performance and component loss test results are combined with simulation trends to identify design improvements to the current hardware and the projected performance increases.
Chiu, W.; Antoniak, Z.; Hogan, J.
Uniform Conversions of Operating Points and Characteristics of Compressor
In the paper, some aspects of the polytropic analysis are developed that concerned with various processes changing the thermodynamic state of flow of a real fluid and reduction of these processes to processes having a given temperature and pressure of a given real mixture at the inlet. It is shown that all parameters of the process can be converted under condition of full similarity of flow that is formulated in the paper. An operating point of a compressor represents such process. It is to emphasize that parameters of the reduced point include not only volume flow, speed and polytropic head, for which requirement of similarity of flow at inlet is sufficient, but also polytropic exponent, polytropic efficiency, outlet pressure and outlet temperature.
Ostromuhov, L A
Operational Experience with a Cryogenic Axial-Centrifugal Compressor
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), presently under construction at CERN, requires large refrigeration capacity at 1.8 K. Compression of gaseous helium at cryogenic temperatures is therefore inevitable. Together with subcontractors, Linde Kryotechnik has developed a prototype machine. This unit is based on a cryogenic axial-centrifugal compressor, running on ceramic ball bearings and driven by a variable-frequency electrical motor operating at ambient temperature. Integrated in a test facility for superconducting magnets the machine has been commissioned without major problems and successfully gone through the acceptance test in autumn 1995. Subsequent steps were initiated to improve efficiency of this prototype. This paper describes operating experience gained so far and reports on measured performance prior to and after constructional modifications.
Decker, L; L�hlein, K; Purtschert, W; Ziegler, B L; Lebrun, P; Tavian, L; Brunovsky, I; Tucek, L
Hydraulic accumulator-compressor for geopressured enhanced oil recovery
A hydraulic accumulator-compressor vessel using geothermal brine under pressure as a piston to compress waste (CO.sub.2 rich) gas is used in a system having a plurality of gas separators in tandem to recover pipeline quality gas from geothermal brine. A first high pressure separator feeds gas to a membrance separator which separates low pressure waste gas from high pressure quality gas. A second separator produces low pressure waste gas. Waste gas from both separators is combined and fed into the vessel through a port at the top as the vessel is drained for another compression cycle. High pressure brine is then admitted into the vessel through a port at the bottom of the vessel. Check valves control the flow of low pressure waste gas into the vessel and high pressure waste gas out of the vessel.
Goldsberry, Fred L. (Spring, TX)
Investigation of subsonic and supersonic flow in a radial inflow compressor
in Heridional Plane Velocity Vectors in Compressor Rotor Flow 4-a Section of Impeller Showing the Clearance 12 22 5 Impeller Profile with Diffuser; Pressure ratio-5. 0 . 27 6 Impeller Profile with Diffuser; Pressure ratio-3, 0 . 28 7 Impeller Profile... of radial flo? compressure as a source for the upply of high press~ r gases has, in the last decade, eouallcd. , if not surpassed, the more conventional typo compressor. Inherently, the radial flu~ compressor can produce a much higher pressure ratio per...
Bale, Yadiyurappa Siddaveerasetty
Advanced industrial gas turbine technology readiness demonstration program. Phase II. Final report: compressor rig fabrication assembly and test
The results of a component technology demonstration program to fabricate, assemble and test an advanced axial/centrifugal compressor are presented. This work was conducted to demonstrate the utilization of advanced aircraft gas turbine cooling and high pressure compressor technology to improve the performance and reliability of future industrial gas turbines. Specific objectives of the compressor component testing were to demonstrate 18:1 pressure ratio on a single spool at 90% polytropic efficiency with 80% fewer airfoils as compared to current industrial gas turbine compressors. The compressor design configuration utilizes low aspect ratio/highly-loaded axial compressor blading combined with a centrifugal backend stage to achieve the 18:1 design pressure ratio in only 7 stages and 281 axial compressor airfoils. Initial testing of the compressor test rig was conducted with a vaneless centrifugal stage diffuser to allow documentation of the axial compressor performance. Peak design speed axial compressor performance demonstrated was 91.8% polytropic efficiency at 6.5:1 pressure ratio. Subsequent documentation of the combined axial/centrifugal performance with a centrifugal stage pipe diffuser resulted in the demonstration of 91.5% polytropic efficiency and 14% stall margin at the 18:1 overall compressor design pressure ratio. The demonstrated performance not only exceeded the contract performance goals, but also represents the highest known demonstrated compressor performance in this pressure ratio and flow class. The performance demonstrated is particularly significant in that it was accomplished at airfoil loading levels approximately 15% higher than that of current production engine compressor designs. The test results provide conclusive verification of the advanced low aspect ratio axial compressor and centrifugal stage technologies utilized.
Schweitzer, J. K.; Smith, J. D.
A miniature free-piston engine/compressor Authors: Lei Tian1
engine. Keywords HCCI, Engine-compressor, Portable power supply, engine modeling, combustion modeling 1 for wearing. Our approach to this problem was to use homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) driving
Effects of rotor tip clearance on an embedded compressor stage performance
Compressor efficiency variation with rotor tip gap is assessed using numerical simulations on an embedded stage representative of that in a large industrial gas turbine with Reynolds number being approximately 2 x 106 to ...
Sakulkaew, Sitanun
Characterization of unsteady loading due to impeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressors
Time dependent simulations are used to characterize the unsteady impeller blade loading due to imipeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressor stages. The capability of simulations are assessed by comparing results ...
Lusardi, Christopher (Christopher Dean)
A novel design methodology for enhanced compressor performance based on a dynamic stability metric
(cont.) compressor design optimization framework allows a versatile definition of the objective function such that any combination of pressure ratio, efficiency and dynamic stability can be prescribed at various operating ...
Castiella Ruiz de Velasco, Juan Carlos, 1978-
Effect of circumferential groove casing treatment parameters on axial compressor flow range
The impact on compressor flow range of circumferential casing grooves of varying groove depth, groove axial location, and groove axial extent is assessed against that of a smooth casing wall using computational experiments. ...
Hanley, Brian K. (Brian Kyle)
Three-dimensional rotating stall inception and effects of rotating tip clearance asymmetry in axial compressors
The effects of two types of flow nonuniformity on stall inception behavior were assessed with linearized stability analyses of two compressor flow models. Response to rotating tip clearance asymmetries induced by a whirling ...
Gordon, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Andrew), 1970-
Electrical Power Savings in Pump and Compressor Networks via Load Management
Large industrial plants commonly use multiple parallel units in pump and compressor networks for improved reliability. Sometimes, installed equipment capacity can far exceed actual requirements. This excess capacity can be translated into energy...
Kumana, J. D.; Aseeri, A. S.
Characterization of the flow field response to vaneless space reduction in centrifugal compressors
The unsteady three-dimensional flow field for two centrifugal compressors of nearly identical design (one with a marginally smaller impeller-diffuser gap) is interrogated to assess the difference in the time averaged ...
Villanueva V., Alfonso D. (Villanueva Villarreal)
Using Outside Air for Flooded Oil Screw Compressors at an Industrial Facility
A study has been performed to determine if inlet air temperature provides an increase in compressor efficiency, seen through reduced power for some specified mass flow. A theoretical analysis suggests that power is not a function of volumetric flow...
Hunt, D. G.; Terry, S.
Forced response of a centrifugal compressor stage due to the impeller-diffuser interaction
The unsteady pressure field experienced by a centrifugal compressor stage can be dominated by of the impeller-diffuser interaction. The energy of the unsteady field, under certain aerodynamic and structural conditions, is ...
Walton, Edward James
Approaches Toward Achieving Optimum Efficiency in Rerates of Large Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal compressors are commonly used within the process industries as prime movers. For many years, plants have been designed with "single train", unspared, major machinery in order to reduce construction, operating, and maintenance costs...
Rudisel, D. A.
Estimation of axial compressor body forces using three-dimensional flow computations
This thesis presents an examination of body force distributions in a single stage low speed compressor. The body force distributions are developed using two different computational procedures, an axisymmetric streamline ...
Reichstein, Georg A
Effects of upstream wake phasing on the performance of transonic compressors
The effect of the upstream wake phase on the work input (i.e., rise in stagnation enthalpy across the blade row) of a transonic rotor is examined computationally and analytically. It is found that the compressor work depends ...
Nolan, Sean Patrick Rock
Adjustable Speed- A Tool for Saving Energy Losses in Pumps, Fans, Fans, Blowers and Compressors
Petroleum and chemical plants of today are effectively cutting energy losses in their plants thermally, electrically, and mechanically in their process equipment. In rotating process equipment such as pumps, fans, compressors, and blowers, much...
Hickok, H. N.
Refrigeration system with a compressor-pump unit and a liquid-injection desuperheating line
The refrigeration system includes a compressor-pump unit and/or a liquid-injection assembly. The refrigeration system is a vapor-compression refrigeration system that includes an expansion device, an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and a liquid pump between the condenser and the expansion device. The liquid pump improves efficiency of the refrigeration system by increasing the pressure of, thus subcooling, the liquid refrigerant delivered from the condenser to the expansion device. The liquid pump and the compressor are driven by a single driving device and, in this regard, are coupled to a single shaft of a driving device, such as a belt-drive, an engine, or an electric motor. While the driving device may be separately contained, in a preferred embodiment, the liquid pump, the compressor, and the driving device (i.e., an electric motor) are contained within a single sealable housing having pump and driving device cooling paths to subcool liquid refrigerant discharged from the liquid pump and to control the operating temperature of the driving device. In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid injection assembly is included in a refrigeration system to divert liquid refrigerant from the discharge of a liquid pressure amplification pump to a compressor discharge pathway within a compressor housing to desuperheat refrigerant vapor to the saturation point within the compressor housing. The liquid injection assembly includes a liquid injection pipe with a control valve to meter the volume of diverted liquid refrigerant. The liquid injection assembly may also include a feedback controller with a microprocessor responsive to a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor both positioned between the compressor to operate the control valve to maintain the refrigerant at or near saturation.
Gaul, Christopher J. (Thornton, CO)
New SLED 3 system for Multi-mega Watt RF compressor
A compact X band SLED is introduced for X band RF compressing application. This SLED compressor consists two major parts: a rectangular to circular waveguide converter and an overmoded spherical cavity. The RF compressor is designed to convert 50 magawatt X band RF power with pulse length 1.5 microseconds and deliver 200 megawatts with pulse length 106 nanoseconds to the X band accelerating structure.
Xu, Chen; Tantawi, Sami
Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of a screw compressor chiller and cooling tower system
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR CHILLER AND COOLING TOWER SYSTEM A Thesis by RHETT DAVID GRAVES Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2003 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR CHILLER AND COOLING TOWER SYSTEM A Thesis by RHETT DAVID GRAVES Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial...
Graves, Rhett David
Compressor and Hot Section Fouling in Gas Turbines- Causes and Effects
COMPRESSOR AND BOT SECTION FOOLING IN GAS TURBINES - CAUSES AND EPFECTS CYRUS B. MEHER-HOMJI Manager, Advanced Technology Boyce Engineering International, Inc. Houston, Texas ABSTRACT The fouling of axial flow compressors and turbines is a... serious operating problem in gas turbine eng ines. These prime movers are being increasingly used in cogeneration applications and with the large air mass flow rate (e.g. 633 Lbs/Sec for a 80 MWe gas turbine) foulants even in the ppm range can cause...
Meher-Homji, C. B.
Reducing Air Compressor Work by Using Inlet Air Cooling and Dehumidification
. These compressors can account for a significant portion of a manufacturing facility?s electric consumption and any increase in efficiency can lead to economic benefits. Air compressors are sensitive to ambient conditions, as evidenced by the fact... fall as low as 20% below their 4 rated generation capacity (standard ISO power output at 59?F ambient) when temperatures are over 95?F. Further, warmer days result in increased electric power demand due to the need for household cooling. In order...
Hardy, Mark James
Development of Versatile Compressor Modeling using Approximation Techniques for Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation
Refrigerants are the life-blood of vapor compression systems that are widely used in Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) applications. The HVAC&R community is currently transitioning from main-stream refrigerants that have high Global Warming Potential (GWP) to alternative lower-GWP refrigerants. During this transition, it is important to account for the life cycle climate performance of alternative refrigerants since their performance will be different than that of higher-GWP refrigerants. This requires the evaluation of the system performance with the new refrigerants. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to predict the realistic performance of new alternative refrigerants without experimental validation. One of the main challenges in this regard is modeling the compressor performance with high fidelity due to the complex interaction of operating parameters, geometry, boundary conditions, and fluid properties. High fidelity compressor models are computationally expensive and require significant pre-processing to evaluate the performance of alternative refrigerants. This paper presents a new approach to modeling compressor performance when alternative refrigerants are used. The new modeling concept relies on using existing compressor performance to create an approximate model that captures the dependence of compressor performance on key operating parameters and fluid properties. The model can be built using a myriad of approximation techniques. This paper focuses on Kriging-based techniques to develop higher fidelity approximate compressor models. Baseline and at least one alternative refrigerant performance data are used to build the model. The model accuracy was evaluated by comparing the model results with compressor performance data using other refrigerants. Preliminary results show that the approximate model can predict the compressor mass flow rate and power consumption within 5%.
Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL; Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL
Compressor and Turbine Models of Brayton Units for Space Nuclear Power Systems
Closed Brayton Cycles with centrifugal flow, single-shaft turbo-machines are being considered, with gas cooled nuclear reactors, to provide 10's to 100's of electrical power to support future space exploration missions and Lunar and Mars outposts. Such power system analysis is typically based on the cycle thermodynamics, for given operating pressures and temperatures and assumed polytropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine of the Brayton energy conversion units. Thus the analysis results not suitable for modeling operation transients such as startup and changes in the electric load. To simulate these transients, accurate models of the turbine and compressor in the Brayton rotating unit, which calculate the changes in the compressor and turbine efficiencies with system operation are needed. This paper presents flow models that account for the design and dimensions of the compressor impeller and diffuser, and the turbine stator and rotor blades. These models calculate the various enthalpy losses and the polytropic efficiencies along with the pressure ratios of the turbine and compressor. The predictions of these models compare well with reported performance data of actual hardware. In addition, the results of a parametric analysis to map the operations of the compressor and turbine, as functions of the rotating shaft speed and inlet Mach number of the gas working fluid, are presented and discussed. The analysis used a binary mixture of He-Xe with a molecular weight of 40 g/mole as the working fluid.
Gallo, Bruno M.; El-Genk, Mohamed S.; Tournier, Jean-Michel [Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 (United States); Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 (United States)
Apparatus and methods for cooling and sealing rotary helical screw compressors
In a compression system which incorporates a rotary helical screw compressor, and for any type of gas or refrigerant, the working liquid oil is atomized through nozzles suspended in, and parallel to, the suction gas flow, or alternatively the nozzles are mounted on the suction piping. In either case, the aim is to create positively a homogeneous mixture of oil droplets to maximize the effectiveness of the working liquid oil in improving the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies. The oil stream to be atomized may first be degassed at compressor discharge pressure by heating within a pressure vessel and recovering the energy added by using the outgoing oil stream to heat the incoming oil stream. The stripped gas is typically returned to the compressor discharge flow. In the preferred case, the compressor rotors both contain a hollow cavity through which working liquid oil is injected into channels along the edges of the rotors, thereby forming a continuous and positive seal between the rotor edges and the compressor casing. In the alternative method, working liquid oil is injected either in the same direction as the rotor rotation or counter to rotor rotation through channels in the compressor casing which are tangential to the rotor edges and parallel to the rotor center lines or alternatively the channel paths coincide with the helical path of the rotor edges. 14 figs.
Fresco, A.N.
In a compression system which incorporates a rotary helical screw compressor, and for any type of gas or refrigerant, the working liquid oil is atomized through nozzles suspended in, and parallel to, the suction gas flow, or alternatively the nozzles are mounted on the suction piping. In either case, the aim is to create positively a homogeneous mixture of oil droplets to maximize the effectiveness of the working liquid oil in improving the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies. The oil stream to be atomized may first be degassed at compressor discharge pressure by heating within a pressure vessel and recovering the energy added by using the outgoing oil stream to heat the incoming oil stream. The stripped gas is typically returned to the compressor discharge flow. In the preferred case, the compressor rotors both contain a hollow cavity through which working liquid oil is injected into channels along the edges of the rotors, thereby forming a continuous and positive seal between the rotor edges and the compressor casing. In the alternative method, working liquid oil is injected either in the same direction as the rotor rotation or counter to rotor rotation through channels in the compressor casing which are tangential to the rotor edges and parallel to the rotor centerlines or alternatively the channel paths coincide with the helical path of the rotor edges.
Fresco, Anthony N. (P.O. Box 734, Upton, NY 11973)
Reliability Design and Case Study of a Refrigerator Compressor Subjected to Repetitive Loads, International Journal of Refrigeration
A newly designed crankshaft of a compressor for a side-by-side (SBS) refrigerator was studied. Using mass and energy conservation balances, a variety of compressor loads typically found in a refrigeration cycle were analyzed. The laboratory failure... vis-a�-vis de la fiabilite� et e�tude de casArticle history: Received 18 March 2008 Received in revised form 6 May 2008 Accepted 21 July 2008 Published online 31 July 2008 Keywords: Refrigeration system Compression system Reciprocating compressor...
Woo, S.; O'Neal, D.L.; Pecht, M.
A Lossless Fuzzy Binary AND/OR Compressor
In this report, a new fuzzy 2bit-AND parallel-to-OR, or simply, a fuzzy binary AND/OR (FBAR) text data compression model as an algorithm is suggested for bettering spatial locality limits on nodes during database transactions. The current model incorporates a four-layer application technique: string-to-AND/OR pairwise binary bit + fuzzy quantum with noise conversions. This technique promotes a lossless data compression ratio of 2:1 up to values approximately = 3:1, generating a spatially-efficient compressed data file compared to nowadays data compressors. Data decompression/specific data reconstruction initiates an AND/OR pattern match technique in respect of fuzzy quantum indicators in the binary function field. The reconstruction of data occurs in the 4th layer using encryption methods. It is hypothesized that significant data compression ratio of 2n:1 for n>3:1 ratios, e.g., 32~64:1 are achievable via fuzzy qubit indexing over classical byte blocks for every bit position fragmented into a (1/2 upper +1/2 ...
Alipour, Philip B
Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-404A Alternatives ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R32 + R-134a Mixture using a Scroll Compressor
As a contribution to the AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), this study compares the performance of four lower-GWP alternative refrigerants, ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R-32 + R-134a mixture, to that of refrigerant R-404A (baseline) in a scroll compressor designed for medium temperature refrigeration applications. These comparisons were carried out via compressor calorimeter tests performed on a compressor designed for refrigerant R-404A and having a nominal rated capacity of 23,500 Btu/hr. Tests were conducted over a suction dew point temperature range of -10 F to 35 F in 5 F increments and a discharge dew point temperature range of 70 F to 140 F in 10 F increments. All the tests were performed with 20 F superheat, 40 F superheat, and 65 F suction temperature. A liquid subcooling level of 10 F to 15 F was maintained for all the test conditions. However, the cooling capacities reported in this study are normalized for 0 F subcooling. The tests showed that the compressor energy efficiency ratio (EER) and cooling capacity with all four alternative refrigerants tested are higher at higher saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature and lower at lower saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature, compared to that of R-404A. Discharge temperatures of all the alternative refrigerants were higher than that of R-404A at all test conditions.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL
ASTRO-H White Paper - White Dwarf
Interacting binaries in which a white dwarf accretes material from a companion --- cataclysmic variables (CVs) in which the mass loss is via Roche-lobe overflow, and symbiotic stars in which the white dwarf captures the wind of a late type giant --- are relatively commonplace. They display a wide range of behaviors in the optical, X-rays, and other wavelengths, which still often baffles observers and theorists alike. They are likely to be a significant contributor to the Galactic ridge X-ray emission, and the possibility that some CVs or symbiotic stars may be the progenitors of some of the Type Ia supernovae deserves serious consideration. Furthermore, these binaries serve as excellent laboratories in which to study physics of X-ray emission from high density plasma, accretion physics, reflection, and particle acceleration. ASTRO-H is well-matched to the study of X-ray emission from many of these objects. In particular, the excellent spectral resolution of the SXS will enable dynamical studies of the X-ray e...
Mukai, K; Harayama, A; Hayashi, T; Ishida, M; Long, K S; Terada, Y; Tsujimoto, M
The objective of this Direct Surge Control project was to develop a new internal method to avoid surge of pipeline compressors. This method will safely expand the range and flexibility of compressor operations, while minimizing wasteful recycle flow at the lower end of the operating envelope. The approach is to sense the onset of surge with a probe that directly measures re-circulation at the impeller inlet. The signals from the probe are used by a controller to allow operation at low flow conditions without resorting to a predictive method requiring excessive margin to activate a recycle valve. The sensor developed and demonstrated during this project was a simple, rugged, and sensitive drag probe. Experiments conducted in a laboratory compressor clearly showed the effectiveness of the technique. Subsequent field demonstrations indicated that the increase in range without the need to recycle flow was on the order of 19% to 25%. The cost benefit of applying the direct surge control technology appears to be as much as $120 per hour per compressor for operation without the current level of recycle flow. This could amount to approximately $85 million per year for the U.S. Natural Gas Transmission industry, if direct surge control systems are applied to most pipeline centrifugal compressors.
Robert J. McKee; Shane P. Siebenaler; Danny M. Deffenbaugh
White light velocity interferometer
The invention is a technique that allows the use of broadband and incoherent illumination. Although denoted white light velocimetry, this principle can be applied to any wave phenomenon. For the first time, powerful, compact or inexpensive sources can be used for remote target velocimetry. These include flash and arc lamps, light from detonations, pulsed lasers, chirped frequency lasers, and lasers operating simultaneously in several wavelengths. The technique is demonstrated with white light from an incandescent source to measure a target moving at 16 m/s.
Erskine, David J. (Oakland, CA)
The invention is a technique that allows the use of broadband and incoherent illumination. Although denoted white light velocimetry, this principle can be applied to any wave phenomenon. For the first time, powerful, compact or inexpensive sources can be used for remote target velocimetry. These include flash and arc lamps, light from detonations, pulsed lasers, chirped frequency lasers, and lasers operating simultaneously in several wavelengths. The technique is demonstrated with white light from an incandescent source to measure a target moving at 16 m/s. 41 figs.
Erskine, D.J.
Sandia National Laboratories: White Light Creation Architectures
TechnologiesWhite Light Creation Architectures White Light Creation Architectures Overview of SSL White Light Creation Architectures The entire spectral range of visible light can...
Variable gas spring for matching power output from FPSE to load of refrigerant compressor
The power output of a free piston Stirling engine is matched to a gas compressor which it drives and its stroke amplitude is made relatively constant as a function of power by connecting a gas spring to the drive linkage from the engine to the compressor. The gas spring is connected to the compressor through a passageway in which a valve is interposed. The valve is linked to the drive linkage so it is opened when the stroke amplitude exceeds a selected limit. This allows compressed gas to enter the spring, increase its spring constant, thus opposing stroke increase and reducing the phase lead of the displacer ahead of the piston to reduce power output and match it to a reduced load power demand.
Chen, Gong (Athens, OH); Beale, William T. (Athens, OH)
Development of a Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module for Automotive Fuel Cell Applications
In this program TIAX LLC conducted the development of an advanced technology compressor/expander for supplying compressed air to Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells in transportation applications. The overall objective of this program was to develop a hybrid compressor/expander module, based on both scroll and high-speed turbomachinery technologies, which will combine the strengths of each technology to create a concept with superior performance at minimal size and cost. The resulting system was expected to have efficiency and pressure delivery capability comparable to that of a scroll-only machine, at significantly reduced system size and weight when compared to scroll-only designs. Based on the results of detailed designs and analyses of the critical system elements, the Hybrid Compressor/Expander Module concept was projected to deliver significant improvements in weight, volume and manufacturing cost relative to previous generation systems.
McTaggart, Paul
Note: Synchronous energy extraction through four output ports of microwave compressor
The energy stored in a resonant cavity was extracted through four output ports and added in phase in a common line. Operation of a single switch provided synchronism and the power portions transmitted through the ports were combined in a waveguide turnstile junction. Estimation shows that the compressor peak power can reach a value eight times as much as the switched wave power, provided the output pulsewidth is shortened by the same factor with reference to the cavity double transit time. The performance of the X-band compressor prototype was investigated. Signals radiated through each of four output ports had identical envelope shapes and equal peak power values. The reflected wave did not accompany the power combining. The pulses of 1.2 MW peak power and 1.6 ns pulse width were obtained when the compressor was driven by the 50 kW pulse power magnetron generator.
Avgustinovich, V. A.; Artemenko, S. N.; Novikov, S. A.; Yushkov, Yu. G. [Tomsk Polytechnic University, 2-a Lenina, Tomsk 634050 (Russian Federation)
The power output of a free piston Stirling engine is matched to a gas compressor which it drives and its stroke amplitude is made relatively constant as a function of power by connecting a gas spring to the drive linkage from the engine to the compressor. The gas spring is connected to the compressor through a passageway in which a valve is interposed. The valve is linked to the drive linkage so it is opened when the stroke amplitude exceeds a selected limit. This allows compressed gas to enter the spring, increase its spring constant, thus opposing stroke increase and reducing the phase lead of the displacer ahead of the piston to reduce power output and match it to a reduced load power demand. 6 figs.
Chen, G.; Beale, W.T.
Improving performance and rotordynamic characteristics of injection compressors via much longer balance-piston and division-wall seals
Predictions are presented for a selected compressor using longer hole-pattern seals with L/D ratios from 0.5 to 2.5. Results were obtained for back-to-back and in-line compressors with the seal located at mid-span and at 82% of rotor span...
Rodrigues Rodrigues, Margarita
Test results of performance and oil circulation rate of commercial reciprocating compressors of different capacities working with
others. The compressors used POE oil as lubricant and additional oil circulation rate (OCR) testsTest results of performance and oil circulation rate of commercial reciprocating compressors at steady state conditions were done to evaluate possible effects and differences to the traditionally used
Research and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Final report. Volume 1: executive summary
The accomplishments of the refrigerator/freezer motor-compressor development program are highlighted. The experimental program involved making numerous incremental changes to an existing compresssor design. The refrigerator/freezer motor compressor experimental development, room air conditioner experimental development, market study, and phase II field demonstration program are summarized. (MHR)
Nelson, R.T.; MacCarthy, P.W.
Gas Spring Losses in Linear Clearance Seal Compressors P.B. Bailey, M.W. Dadd, J.S. Reed*
with a clearance seal linear compressor attached to a plain gas spring volume. The static flow through1 Gas Spring Losses in Linear Clearance Seal Compressors P.B. Bailey, M.W. Dadd, J.S. Reed* , C A fundamental loss mechanism in cryocoolers is associated with compression and expansion processes
A high throughput (>90%), large compensation range, single-prism femtosecond pulse compressor
We demonstrate a high throughput, large compensation range, single-prism femtosecond pulse compressor, using a single prism and two roof mirrors. The compressor has zero angular dispersion, zero spatial dispersion, zero pulse-front tilt, and unity magnification. The high efficiency is achieved by adopting two roof mirrors as the retroreflectors. We experimentally achieved ~ -14500 fs2 group delay dispersion (GDD) with 30 cm of prism tip-roof mirror prism separation, and ~90.7% system throughput with the current implementation. With better components, the throughput can be even higher.
Kong, Lingjie
High efficiency, low frequency linear compressor proposed for Gifford-McMahon and pulse tube cryocoolers
In order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, which are most likely the cause of substantial global warming, a reduction of overall energy consumption is crucial. Low frequency Gifford-McMahon and pulse tube cryocoolers are usually powered by a scroll compressor together with a rotary valve. It has been theoretically shown that the efficiency losses within the rotary valve can be close to 50%{sup 1}. In order to eliminate these losses we propose to use a low frequency linear compressor, which directly generates the pressure wave without using a rotary valve. First results of this development will be presented.
H�hne, Jens [Pressure Wave Systems GmbH, H�berlstr. 8, 80337 Munich (Germany)
Research and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Volume IV. Production demonstration and field test
Two models of a high-efficiency compressor were manufactured in a pilot production run. These compressors were for low back-pressure applications. While based on a production compressor, there were many changes that required production process changes. Some changes were performed within our company and others were made by outside vendors. The compressors were used in top mount refrigerator-freezers and sold in normal distribution channels. Forty units were placed in residences for a one-year field test. Additional compressors were built so that a life test program could be performed. The results of the field test reveal a 27.0% improvement in energy consumption for the 18 ft/sup 3/ high-efficiency model and a 15.6% improvement in the 21 ft/sup 3/ improvement in the 21 ft/sup 3/ high-efficiency model as compared to the standard production unit.
Middleton, M.G.; Sauber, R.S.
White Baneberry and Red Baneberry
1 White Baneberry and Red Baneberry Actaea pachypoda and Actaea rubra buttercup family (ranunculaceae) both white baneberry and red baneberry are poisonous plants native to the northeast inhabit swamps. Range: white baneberry--parts of the canadian mari- times and the southern border
Landweber, Laura
White Ranch Wetlands Biological Survey
White Ranch Wetlands Biological Survey and Permanent Vegetation Monitoring Plots Prepared for: U Services Building Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 March 1998 #12;WHITE RANCH WETLANDS assessment of the White Ranch wetlands. In addition we set up permanent plots along transects to collect
Biographical Sketch DOUGLAS R. WHITE
Biographical Sketch DOUGLAS R. WHITE i. Professional Preparation University of Minnesota. Murdock and Douglas R. White. Social Dynamics and Complexity eScholarship Repositories http://repositories.cdlib.org/imbs/socdyn/wp/Standard_Cross-Cultural_Sample/ 2007 Role Models for Complex Networks, Joerg Reichart and Douglas R. White. European Physical Journal B
White Papers | Princeton Plasma Physics Lab
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DUSEL Theory White Paper
The NSF has chosen the site for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) to be in Lead, South Dakota. In fact, the state of South Dakota has already stepped up to the plate and contributed its own funding for the proposed lab, see http://www.sanfordlaboratoryathomestake.org/index.html. The final decision by NSF for funding the Initial Suite of Experiments for DUSEL will be made early in 2009. At that time the NSF Science Board must make a decision. Of order 200 experimentalists have already expressed an interest in performing experiments at DUSEL. In order to assess the interest of the theoretical community, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics (CCAPP) at The Ohio State University (OSU) organized a 3-day DUSEL Theory Workshop in Columbus, Ohio from April 4 - 6, 2008. The workshop focused on the scientific case for six proposed experiments for DUSEL: long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, dark matter, astrophysical neutrinos, neutrinoless double beta decay and N-Nbar oscillations. The outcome of this workshop is the DUSEL Theory White paper addressing the scientific case at a level which may be useful in the decision making process for policy makers at the NSF and in the U.S. Congress. In order to assess the physics interest in the DUSEL project we have posted the DUSEL Theory White paper on the following CCAPP link http://ccapp.osu.edu/whitepaper.html . Please read the white paper and, if you are interested, use the link to show your support by co-signing the white paper.
S. Raby; T. Walker; K. S. Babu; H. Baer; A. B. Balantekin; V. Barger; Z. Berezhiani; A. de Gouvea; R. Dermisek; A. Dolgov; P. Fileviez Perez; G. Gabadadze; A. Gal; P. Gondolo; W. Haxton; Y. Kamyshkov; B. Kayser; E. Kearns; B. Kopeliovich; K. Lande; D. Marfatia; R. N. Mohapatra; P. Nath; Y. Nomura; K. A. Olive; J. Pati; S. Profumo; R. Shrock; Z. Tavartkiladze; K. Whisnant; L. Wolfenstein
White Dwarfs in Globular Clusters
We review empirical and theoretical findings concerning white dwarfs in Galactic globular clusters. Since their detection is a critical issue we describe in detail the various efforts to find white dwarfs in globular clusters. We then outline the advantages of using cluster white dwarfs to investigate the formation and evolution of white dwarfs and concentrate on evolutionary channels that appear to be unique to globular clusters. We also discuss the usefulness of globular cluster white dwarfs to provide independent information on the distances and ages of globular clusters, information that is very important far beyond the immediate field of white dwarf research. Finally, we mention possible future avenues concerning globular cluster white dwarfs, like the study of strange quark matter or plasma neutrinos.
S. Moehler; G. Bono
Bulk-Flow analysis for force and moment coefficients of a shrouded centrifugal compressor impeller
An analysis is developed for a compressible bulk-flow model of the leakage path between a centrifugal compressor's impeller shroud and housing along the front and back side of the impeller. This is an extension of analysis performed first by Childs...
Gupta, Manoj Kumar
An Electron Bunch Compressor Based on an FEL Interaction in the Far Infra Red
In this note an electron bunch compressor is proposed based on FEL type interaction of the electron bunch with far infrared (FIR) radiation. This mechanism maintains phase space density and thus requires a high quality electron beam to produce bunches of the length of a few ten micrometer.
Gaupp, Andreas
Tip clearance flows in axial compressors: stall inception and stability enhancement
The flow in the rotor tip clearance gap in an axial compressor influences the loss levels and the stall onset point. The role of tip clearance flows in the stall inception process is still debated, though. The aim of this thesis is to improve...
Weichert, Stephanie April
Modeling and Control of a Free Liquid-Piston Engine Compressor
Modeling and Control of a Free Liquid-Piston Engine Compressor Chao Yong, Eric J. Barth, José A Nashville, TN, USA ABSTRACT This paper presents the modeling and control of a prototype compact free liquid-piston of the free piston, and 6) the compression and pumping dynamics. The model is then utilized to design
compressor is the critical part of a Compressed Air En- ergy Storage (CAES) system. Efficient and fast and expansion has many applications in pneumatic and hydraulic systems, including in the Compressed Air Energy CAES system, high pressure (20-30MPa) compressed air is stored in a dual chamber storage vessel
Li, Perry Y.
Tiled-Grating Compressor with Uncompensated Dispersion for Near-Field-Intensity Smoothing
A tiled-grating compressor, in which the spatial dispersion is not completely compensated, reduces the near-field-intensity modulation caused by tiling gaps and provides near-field spatial filtering of the input laser beam, thus reducing the laser damage to the final optics.
Huang, H.; Kessler, T.J.
EVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the
a set of eight cryogenically cooled receivers that cover the continuous frequency range 150 GHz. TableEVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the Performance temperature and system temperature measurements for the eight cryogeni- cally cooled receivers of a subset
Groppi, Christopher
1275, Page 1 ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A TURBIVO COMPRESSOR FOR MVR
The mechanical vapor recompression is an efficient process to decrease energy consumption of drying processes efficiencies. 1. INTRODUCTION One third of European homes use clothes dryers, which energy consumption is one dryers is the use of a compressor with high efficiency in an open cycle and at high evaporating
a set of eight cryogenically cooled receivers that cover the continuous frequency range 1--50 GHz. TableEVLA Memo #168 Assessing the Impact of Using Three Cryogenic Compressors on the Performance temperature and system temperature measurements for the eight cryogeni cally cooled receivers of a subset
On active surge control of compressors using a mass flow Bjrnar Bhagen and Jan Tommy Gravdahl
can cause severe damage to the ma- chine due to vibrations and high thermal loading re- sulting from of a centrifugal compressor driven by an electrical motor and the control system consists of three parts expensive and hampered with high noise levels. For this reason we propose a nonlinear observer
Three-dimensional hybrid grid generator and unstructured flow solver for compressors and turbines
/Output control panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 87 19 GUI: Geometry panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 87 20 GUI: Execution control panel. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 88 21 Test case airfoil... by Wieghardt and Tillmann. The computed result is based on the k ?! model. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 123 46 Detail of the Honeywell centrifugal compressor impeller geometry. : : 125 47 Computational grid...
Kim, Kyusup
This preliminary phase 1 report summarizes the background and the work on the ''Increased Flexibility of Turbo-Compressors in Natural Gas Transmission through Direct Surge Control'' project to date. The importance of centrifugal compressors for natural gas transmission is discussed, and the causes of surge and the consequences of current surge control approaches are explained. Previous technology development, including findings from early GMRC research, previous surge detection work, and selected publications, are presented. The project is divided into three Phases to accomplish the project objectives of verifying near surge sensing, developing a prototype surge control system (sensor and controller), and testing/demonstrating the benefits of direct surge control. Specification for the direct surge control sensor and controller developed with guidance from the industry Oversight Committee is presented in detail. Results of CFD modeling conducted to aid in interpreting the laboratory test results are shown and explained. An analysis of the system dynamics identified the data sampling and handling requirements for direct surge control. A detailed design process for surge detection probes has been developed and explained in this report and has been used to prepare drag probes for the laboratory compressor test and the first field test. The surge detection probes prepared for testing have been bench tested and flow tested to determine and calibrate their sensitivity to flow forces as shown in data presented in this report. The surge detection drag probes have been shown to perform as expected and as required to detect approaching surge. Laboratory test results of surge detection in the SwRI centrifugal compressor demonstrated functionality of the surge detection probes and a change in the impeller inlet flow pattern prior to surge. Although the recirculation cannot be detected because of the specific geometry of this compressor, there are changes that indicate the approach of surge that can be detected. Preparations for a field test had been completed at one point in the project. However, a failure of the surge probe wiring just inside the compressor case has caused a delay in the field testing. Repairs for the wiring in the compressor have been scheduled and the field test will take place shortly after the repairs.
Robert J. McKee
Compressor calorimeter performance of refrigerant blends: Comparative methods and results for a refrigerator/freezer application
A protocol was developed to define calorimeter operating pressures for nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures (NARMs) which corresponded with the saturated evaporator and condenser temperatures commonly used for pure refrigerants. Compressor calorimeter results were obtained using this equivalent-mean-temperature (EMT) approach and a generally applied Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) procedure at conditions characteristic of a domestic refrigerator-freezer application. Tests with R-12 and two NARMs indicate that compressor volumetric and isentropic efficiencies are nearly the same for refrigerants with similar capacities and pressure ratios. The liquid-line temperature conditions specified in the AHAM calorimeter rating procedure for refrigerator-freezer compressors were found to preferentially derate NARM performance relative to R-12. Conversion of calorimeter data taken with a fixed liquid-line temperature to a uniform minimal level of condenser subcooling is recommended as a fairer procedure when NARMs are involved. Compressor energy-efficiency-ratio (EER) and capacity data measured as a result of the EMT approach were compared to system performance calculated using an equivalent-heat-exchanger-loading (EHXL) protocol based on a Lorenz-Meutzner (L-M) refrigerator-freezer modeling program. The EHXL protocol was used to transform the calorimeter results into a more relevant representation of potential L-M cycle performance. The EMT method used to set up the calorimeter tests and the AHAM liquid-line conditions combined to significantly understate the cycle potential of NARMs relative to that predicted at the more appropriate EHXL conditions. Compressor conditions representative of larger heat exchanger sizes were also found to give a smaller L-M cycle advantage relative to R-12.
Rice, C K; Sand, J R
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystallineForeign Object DamageSystemsU.S. TALKS1THE WHITE HOUSE Office
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security AdministrationcontrollerNanocrystallineForeign Object DamageSystemsU.S. TALKS1THE WHITE HOUSE
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to someone6 M.ExtracellularBradbury ScienceAntibacterialBrendan M. White
Demystifying White Spaces Xuemin Hongl
Demystifying White Spaces Xuemin Hongl , Cheng-Xiang Wangl , John Thompson2 , and Yan Zhang3 email@example.com@ed.ac.uk. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-White spaces refer to the unused frequency voids across time or space. The vast existence of white spaces has been validated by many measurements and is widely regarded as an undesirable
Wang, Cheng-Xiang
White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2011)
conditioning (heat pump) system, water chillers Industrialheat pump) systems, and displacement compressors. d. Industrial
Zhou, Nan
White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2012)
air condition (heat pump) unit Industrial Small and mediumheat pump) systems, displacement compressors; (5) Industrial
Phase Modulator Programming to Get Flat Pulses with Desired Length and Power from the CTF3 Pulse Compressors
The pulse compressor is located after the klystron to increase the power peak by storing the energy at the beginning and releasing it near the end of klystron output pulse. In the CTF3 pulse compressors a doubling of the peak power is achieved according to our needs and the machine parameters. The magnitude of peak power, pulse length and flatness can be controlled by using a phase modulator for the input signal of klystrons. A C++ code is written to simulate the pulse compressor behaviour according to the klystron output pulse power. By manually changing the related parameters in the code for the best match, the quality factor and the filling time of pulse compressor cavities can be determined. This code also calculates and sends the suitable phase to the phase modulator according to the klystron output pulse power and the desired pulse length and peak power
Shaker, Seyd Hamed; Skowronski, Piotr; Syratchev, Igor; Tecker, Frank
A New Approach for Determining Optimal Air Compressor Location in A Manufacturing Facility to Increase Energy Efficiency
the energy cost -in the manufacturing facility. Compressor distance to air demand, air pressure, load factor and volume are all factors considered in the model. The proposed model determines the facility's attributes based on user inputs of facility size...
Zahlan, J.; Avci, M.; Asfour, S.
Japanese and American competition in the development of scroll compressors and its impact on the American air conditioning industry
This report examines the technological development of scroll compressors and its impact on the air conditioning equipment industry. Scroll compressors, although considered to be the compressors of the future for energy-efficient residential heat pumps and possibly for many other applications, are difficult to manufacture on a volume-production base. The manufacturing process requires computer-aided, numerically controlled tools for high-precision fabrication of major parts. Japan implemented a global strategy for dominating the technological world market in the 1970s, and scroll compressor technology benefited from the advent of new-generation machine tools. As a result, if American manufacturers of scroll compressors purchase or are essentially forced to purchase numerically controlled tools from Japan in the future, they will then become dependent on their own competitors because the same Japanese conglomerates that make numerically controlled tools also make scroll compressors. This study illustrates the importance of the basic machine tool industry to the health of the US economy. Without a strong machine tool industry, it is difficult for American manufacturers to put innovations, whether patented or not, into production. As we experience transformation in the air conditioning and refrigeration market, it will be critical to establish a consistent national policy to provide healthy competition among producers, to promote innovation within the industry, to enhance assimilation of new technology, and to eliminate practices that are incompatible with these goals. 72 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Ushimaru, Kenji (Energy International, Inc., Bellevue, WA (USA))
Temperature and humidity control during cooling and dehumidifying by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation
The accurate control of temperature and relative humidity during cooling and dehumidifying air-conditioning processes may be achieved by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation. Proportional-integral-differential (PID) control methods are shown to be suitable for attaining compressor and evaporator fan speeds such that the sensible and latent components of the refrigeration system capacity equal the sensible and latent components of the system load. The feasibility of the control method has been verified experimentally. A numerical model of an environmental control system, including refrigeration, space, and PID control subsystems, has been developed. The model is suitable for determining system response to variations of PID coefficient values and to variations of system loads.
Krakow, K.I.; Lin, S.; Zeng, Z.S. [Concordia Univ., Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
SECOQC Business White Paper
In contemporary cryptographic systems, secret keys are usually exchanged by means of methods, which suffer from mathematical and technology inherent drawbacks. That could lead to unnoticed complete compromise of cryptographic systems, without a chance of control by its legitimate owners. Therefore a need for innovative solutions exists when truly and reliably secure transmission of secrets is required for dealing with critical data and applications. Quantum Cryptography (QC), in particular Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can answer that need. The business white paper (BWP) summarizes how secret key establishment and distribution problems can be solved by quantum cryptography. It deals with several considerations related to how the quantum cryptography innovation could contribute to provide business effectiveness. It addresses advantages and also limitations of quantum cryptography, proposes a scenario case study, and invokes standardization related issues. In addition, it answers most frequently asked questions about quantum cryptography.
Solange Ghernaouti-Helie; Igli Tashi; Thomas Laenger; Christian Monyk
Diluted combustion products from previous stroke Combustion gases expand down to Air in compressor chamber, combustion products continue to dilute with entrained fresh air further cooling 5. End of Stroke.- Magnetic kinetic energy. products cooled with fresh air. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-410A Alternatives R-32, DR-5, and L-41a
As a contribution to the AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), this study compares performance of alternative refrigerants R32, DR-5, and L-41A to that of refrigerant R-410A (baseline) in a scroll compressor designed for air-conditioning and heat pump applications. Compressor calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the lower-GWP alternative refrigerants in place of the common refrigerant R-410A in a 36,000 Btu/hr compressor calorimeter using a compressor having a nominal rated capacity of 21,300 Btu/hr. Tests were conducted over a suction dew point temperature range of 10 F to 55 F in 5 F increments and a discharge dew point temperature range of 70 F to 140 F in 10 F increments. All the tests were performed with 20 F superheat, 40 F superheat and 65 F suction temperature. A liquid subcooling level of 15 F was maintained for all the test conditions. The tests showed that performance of these three lower-GWP alternative refrigerants is comparable to that of R-410A. For the 20 F superheat and 15 F subcooling test conditions, EERs of R32, DR-5, and L-41A were 90% to 99%, 96% to 99%, and 94% to 101%, respectively, compared to that of R-410A. Similarly, cooling capacities of R32, DR-5, and L-41A were 98% to 103%, 92% to 96%, and 84% to 92%, respectively, compared to that of R-410A.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL; Mahderekal, Isaac [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL
A modified post damping ring bunch compressor beamline for the TESLA linear collider
We propose a modified bunch compressor beamline, downstream of the damping ring, for the TESLA linear collider. This modified beamline uses a third harmonic radio-frequency section based on the 3.9 GHz superconducting cavity under development at Fermilab. In our design the beam deceleration is about {approx}50 MeV instead of {approx}450 MeV in the original design proposed.
Philippe R.-G. Piot; Winfried Decking
Pink/White (ladies' only) Light Blue/White (ladies' only)
Pink/White (ladies' only) Light Blue/White (ladies' only) White/Stone Dill/Dark Green Slate Blue/Navy (men's only) Stone/Fawn Red/Black (men's only) Navy/White Black/Heather (men's only) Black/White with a delicate 4-button placket. Feminine fit that looks great tucked in or out. Ladies' Colors: Black/White
Wechsler, Risa H.
Red Giant Red Giant White Giant
Red Giant Red Giant White Giant Red Giant White Giant White Giant Blue Giant Blue Giant Blue Giant. Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun, is a red giant. Mass: 1- 4 Solar Mass StarPower Points: 7
Bechtold, Jill
Black-white asymmetry in visual perception
tion of black and white in human vision. Investi- gativeneural responses to black and white ments are balanced, weand observers. The black� white asymmetry with a � 1.28 is
Lu, Z.-L.; Sperling, G.
Hayden White: Frontiers of Consciousness at UCSC
of consciousness. Hayden White: Frontiers of Consciousnessyou had a very motley crew. White: A motley crew, to put itIn the capitalist context. White: You can sell the human,
UCSC Library, Regional History Project; White, Hayden; Vanderscoff, Cameron
White fibrous papulosis of the neck
1. Shimuzu H, et al. White fibrous papulosis of the neck:4079076] 2. Shimizu H, et al. White fibrous papulosis of the2666457] 3. Cerio R, et al. White fibrous papulosis of the
White Bear Lake Conservation District (Minnesota)
This statute establishes the White Bear Lake Conservation District, which has the authority to set water and land use regulations for the area around White Bear Lake.
Lori Ann White | Department of Energy
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Lori Ann White About Us Lori Ann White - Science Writer, SLAC Office of Communications Most Recent President Obama Honors Sidney Drell with National Medal of Science February 4...
Proposal to negotiate two contracts, without competitive tendering, for the supply and the repair of compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate two contracts, without competitive tendering, for the supply and the repair of compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate a contract, without competitive tendering, for the overhaul of screw compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
Proposal to negotiate a contract, without competitive tendering, for the overhaul of screw compressors for the LHC 18 kW helium refrigeration plants
White House Tribal Nations Conference
On December 5, 2012, President Obama will host representatives invited from each of the 566 federally recognized American Indian tribes, and Alaska Native Villages, at the 2012 White House Tribal...
ForPeerReview White Racialized Identities
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Neirotti, Juan Pablo
R. White, Comsol Acoustics Introduction, 2012
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White, Robert D.
White Pine Blister Rust in High-Elevation White Pines: Screening for Simply-Inherited,
White Pine Blister Rust in High-Elevation White Pines: Screening for Simply________________ Recent concern about survival and recovery of high- elevation white pine ecosystems has returned white rust- resistance mechanisms in high-elevation white pines, including whitebark (Pinus albicaulis
Beam dynamics performances and applications of a low-energy electron-beam magnetic bunch compressor
Many front-end applications of electron linear accelerators rely on the production of temporally-compressed bunches. The shortening of electron bunches is often realized with magnetic bunch compressors located in high-energy sections of accelerators. Magnetic compression is subject to collective effects including space charge and self interaction via coherent synchrotron radiation. In this paper we explore the application of magnetic compression to low-energy ($\\sim 40$ MeV), high-charge (nC) electron bunches with low normalized transverse emittances ($< 5$ $\\mu$m).
Prokop, C R; Carlsten, B E; Church, M
RF study and simulations of a C-band Barrel Open Cavity (BOC) pulse compressor
This paper focuses on the RF study of a C-band(5712MHz) BOC pulse compressor. The operating principle of BOC is presented and the technical specifications are determined. The main components of BOC such as the cavity, the matching waveguide, the coupling slots and the tuning rings were numerically simulated by 3-D codes software HFSS and CST Microwave Studio(MWS). The "whispering gallery" mode TM6,1,1 with an unload Q of 100000 was chosen to oscillate in the cavity. An energy multiplication factor of 1.99 and a peak power gain of 6.34 were achieved theoretically.
Shu, Guan; He, Xiang
Internally-cooled centrifugal compressor with cooling jacket formed in the diaphragm
An internally-cooled centrifugal compressor having a shaped casing and a diaphragm disposed within the shaped casing having a gas side and a coolant side so that heat from a gas flowing though the gas side is extracted via the coolant side. An impeller disposed within the diaphragm has a stage inlet on one side and a stage outlet for delivering a pressurized gas to a downstream connection. The coolant side of the diaphragm includes at least one passageway for directing a coolant in a substantially counter-flow direction from the flow of gas through the gas side.
Moore, James J.; Lerche, Andrew H.; Moreland, Brian S.
Natural Gas Compressor Stations on the Interstate Pipeline Network: Developments Since 1996
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia,(Million Barrels) Crude Oil Reserves in Nonproducing Reservoirs Year2per6.48 6.18 5.63 4.73Feet)Compressor Stations
Development of a high efficiency compressor/expander for an air cycle air conditioning system. Final report
This document presents the methods and procedures used and the results obtained in the design, fabrication, and testing of a rotary vane type compressor operated on air cycle thermodynamics. The history and results of the testing of a similar expander are summarized and the full report of that work is referenced. The machine design used was based on one patented by Ecton Corporation. The goal of the reported effort was to demonstrate the attainable efficiencies of these machines. Appropriate test rigs were assembled and the machines were tested at various operating conditions. The compressor testing did not achieve the full design speed because of time constraints but important data was obtained at 87% speed (3000 rpm). The maximum measured total efficiencies were 78% for the expander and 71% for the compressor. Various design improvements which may yield improved performance were identified and reported.
Summers, R.L.; Smolinski, R.E.
Astrophysics of white dwarf binaries
White dwarf binaries are the most common compact binaries in the Universe and are especially important for low-frequency gravitational wave detectors such as LISA. There are a number of open questions about binary evolution and the Galactic population of white dwarf binaries that can be solved using gravitational wave data and at the same time, our ever improving knowledge about these binaries will help to predict the signals that can be expected for LISA. In addition a number of white dwarf binaries will serve as verification sources for the instrument. I will discuss these issues and report recent, surprising, developments in this field. Finally I report calculations about the feasibility of complementary electro-magnetic observations which unfortunately cannot reproduce the optimistic results of Cooray et al. (2004).
G. Nelemans
Cool Versus Ultracool White Dwarfs
A preliminary $BVRIJHK$ analysis of the white dwarfs SSSPM J2231$-$7514 and SSSPM J2231$-$7515 is presented. Although both stars were reported to have $T_{\\rm eff}<4000$ K, the analysis here indicates $T_{\\rm eff}\\approx4250$ K for both SSSPM J2231$-$7514 and SSSPM J2231$-$7515. Given substantial scientific interest in the coolest extant degenerate stars, it is necessary to distinguish sub 4000 K objects from the bulk of cool white dwarfs. This analysis reiterates the importance of near infrared observations in constraining the spectral energy distributions and effective temperatures of the coolest white dwarfs and briefly discusses their possible origins.
J. Farihi
Retrofit of existing 400 horsepower air compressor motor with steam turbine
This paper is on the completion of a retrofit project to replace an existing 400 Horsepower air compressor motor with a steam turbine. The discussion includes visuals to show the process involved in carrying out this project. There will be in three parts. The first part of the presentation will cover the planning and construction. Planning included defining a scope, collecting data to support this scope, determining engineering feasibility, and calculating an economic payback. Construction will include the preparations for the retrofit including details of upgrades to existing systems and components, and installation of new systems and components. This will be followed by details on the actual removal of the motor, installation of the turbine, and the revision of the controls. Startup of the air compressor on steam is then discussed including necessary preparation of steam systems. Next to be presented will be some of the problems and their solutions experienced during this project. Specifically discussed will be regulatory concerns, noise of operation, insurance, and fluctuations in plant process steam demand. The conclusion of the presentation will focus on present operating status, savings demonstrated, and maintenance required.
Sanders, S.F.
Dynamically balanced, hydraulically driven compressor/pump apparatus for resonant free piston Stirling engines
A compressor, pump, or alternator apparatus is designed for use with a resonant free piston Stirling engine so as to isolate apparatus fluid from the periodically pressurized working fluid of the Stirling engine. The apparatus housing has a first side closed by a power coupling flexible diaphragm (the engine working member) and a second side closed by a flexible diaphragm gas spring. A reciprocally movable piston is disposed in a transverse cylinder in the housing and moves substantially at right angles relative to the flexible diaphragms. An incompressible fluid fills the housing which is divided into two separate chambers by suitable ports. One chamber provides fluid coupling between the power diaphragm of the RFPSE and the piston and the second chamber provides fluid coupling between the gas spring diaphragm and the opposite side of the piston. The working members of a gas compressor, pump, or alternator are driven by the piston. Sealing and wearing parts of the apparatus are mounted at the external ends of the transverse cylinder in a double acting arrangement for accessibility. An annular counterweight is mounted externally of the reciprocally movable piston and is driven by incompressible fluid coupling in a direction opposite to the piston so as to damp out transverse vibrations.
Corey, John A. (North Troy, NY)
White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities...
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White Papers on Materials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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centrifugal water pumps, distribution transformers, power transformers, AC contactors, petroleum heaters, industrial boilers, low power motors, displacement compressors.
the socio-economic effects of drought. Strategic Goals Following the findings and recommendations from two (outside of agriculture) � Few "disaster" declarations � Not even a unified roster of drought eventsWESTERN WATER ASSESSMENT WHITE PAPER Tracking Socioeconomic Impacts of Drought with Rapid Analytics
Neff, Jason
REDUCING PISTON MASS IN A FREE PISTON ENGINE COMPRESSOR BY EXPLOITING THE INERTANCE OF A LIQUID PISTON Joel A. Willhite Eric J. Barth Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37235-1592 firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT A dynamic model of a free liquid piston
Study on Off-Design Steady State Performances of Helium Gas Turbo-compressor for HTGR-GT
The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) coupled with direct gas turbine cycle is a promising concept in the future of nuclear power development. Both helium gas turbine and compressor are key components in the cycle. Under normal conditions, the mode of power adjustment is to control total helium mass in the primary loop using gas storage vessels. Meanwhile, thermal power of reactor core is regulated. This article analyzes off-design performances of helium gas turbine and compressors for high temperature gas-cooled reactor with gas turbine cycle (HTGR-GT) at steady state level of electric power adjustment. Moreover, performances of the cycle were simply discussed. Results show that the expansion ratio of turbine decreases as electric power reduces but the compression ratios of compressors increase, efficiencies of both turbine and compressors decrease to some extent. Thermal power does not vary consistently with electric power, the difference between these two powers increases as electric power reduces. As a result of much thermal energy dissipated in the temperature modulator set at core inlet, thermal efficiency of the cycle has a widely reduction under partial load conditions. (authors)
Qisen Ren; Xiaoyong Yang; Zhiyong Huang; Jie Wang [Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 (China)
Abstract--For a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) approach to be viable, the air compressor/expander must be
Abstract-- For a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) approach to be viable, the air compressor improvement can also be determined using this method. I. INTRODUCTION novel Compressed Air Energy Storage advantage of pneumatics. High pressure (~20-30MPa) compressed air is stored in a dual chamber storage vessel
Exciting White Lighting | Department of Energy
Exciting White Lighting Exciting White Lighting April 23, 2010 - 10:27am Addthis Joshua DeLung In the future, your office building's windows might be replaced with windows that...
White Sturgeon Bibliography, 1985 Final Report.
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Fickeisen, Duane H. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA)
Inside the White House: Solar Panels
Go inside the White House and learn about the installation of solar panels on the roof of the residence.
Magnetic field topology of accreting white dwarfs
We report first results of our systematic investigation of the magnetic field structure of rotating single magnetic white dwarfs and of white dwarfs in magnetic cataclysmic variables. The global magnetic field distributions on the isolated white dwarf HE1045-0908 and the accreting white dwarfs in EF Eri and CP Tuc have been derived from phase-resolved flux and polarization spectra obtained with FORS1 at the ESO VLT using the systematic method of Zeeman tomography.
Klaus Reinsch; Fabian Euchner; Klaus Beuermann; Stefan Jordan
Design and development of a four-cell sorption compressor based J-T cooler using R134a as working fluid
The need of a cooler with no electromagnetic interference and practically zero vibration has led to sorption compressor based Joule-Thomson (J-T) coolers. These are useful for sophisticated electronic, ground based and space borne systems. In a Sorption compressor, adsorbed gases are desorbed into a confined volume by raising temperature of the sorption bed resulting in an increase in pressure of the liberated gas. In order to have the system (compressor) functioning on a continuous basis, with almost a constant gas flow rate, multiple cells are used with the adaptation of Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) process. As the mass of the desorbed gas dictates the compressor throughput, a combination of sorbent material with high adsorption capacity for a chosen gas or gas mixture has to be selected for efficient operation of the compressor. Commercially available (coconut-shell base) activated carbon has been selected for the present application. The characterization study for variation of discharge pressure is used to design the Four-cell sorption compressor based cryocooler with a desired output. Apart from compressor, the system includes a) After cooler b) Return gas heat exchanger c) capillary tube as the J-T expansion device and d) Evaporator.
Mehta, R. N. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400076, India and Government Engineering College Bharuch, Gujarat - 392002 (India); Bapat, S. L.; Atrey, M. D. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400076 (India)
Modeled and measured effects of compressor downsizing in an existing air conditioner/heat pump in the cooling mode
It is not uncommon to find oversized central air conditioners in residences. HVAC contractors sometimes oversize central air conditioners for one reason or another--some to the point that they may be 100% larger than needed to meet the load. Retrofit measures done to improve house envelope and distribution system efficiency also contribute to HVAC oversizing, as they reduce house heating and cooling loads. Proper sizing of an air conditioner or heat pump allows more efficient operation and provides a more comfortable environment than a highly oversized unit. Another factor that lowers operating efficiency is an improper refrigerant charge. Field inspections have revealed that about half of the units checked were not properly charged. An option available to homeowners with oversized air conditioners is to replace the existing compressor with a smaller, more efficient compressor, rather than purchasing a new, smaller unit. Such a retrofit may be economically justified, especially during a compressor failure, provided the oversizing of the existing unit is not too great. A used, 15-year old, single-package heat pump with a capillary tube expansion device on the indoor coil was purchased and tested in a set of environmental chambers to determine its cooling performance at various conditions. The system was also modeled to estimate its existing performance, and that with two different types of retrofitted state-of-the-art (SOA) efficient compressors with about 30% less capacity than the original compressor. This reduced the overall system cooling capacity by about 25%. Modeling estimated that the retrofit would increase system EER at 95 F by 30%, SEER by 34%, and reduce power demand by 39% compared to the existing unit. Reduced cycling losses account for the higher increase in SEER.
Levins, W.P.; Rice, C.K.; Baxter, V.D.
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Fitelson, Branden
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The White Pine Controlled Collapse Scott Phillips
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Hamprecht, Fred A.
White Dwarfs in Binary Systems A white dwarf orbiting another star can become active
White Dwarfs in Binary Systems A white dwarf orbiting another star can become active when the other becomes incandescent. #12;H and He from the companion build up on the white dwarf's surface. Classical. Explosions from White Dwarf Star RS Oph #12;Classical Novae: RS Ophiuci Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuci Explosions
Barnes, Joshua Edward
The white seabass (Atractoscion nobi-lis), also known as white weakfish
143 The white seabass (Atractoscion nobi- lis), also known as white weakfish (Eschmeyer et al Sciaenidae (croakers and drums) that inhabits California coastal waters (Miller and Lea, 1972), white seabass and Franklin, 1992). A previous study, in which the go- nads of commercially caught white seabass were examined
Dr. Rick White Richard L. White received his Ph.D. in Astrophysics from the
Dr. Rick White Richard L. White received his Ph.D. in Astrophysics from the University of WisconsinI as head of large software groups and leading the development of Hubble data analysis systems. Dr. White. White is co- investigator on the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera, which was installed in Hubble
Zanibbi, Richard
Upper White River Watershed Alliance Upper White River Watershed Alliance (UWRWA)
Upper White River Watershed Alliance Upper White River Watershed Alliance (UWRWA) P.O. Box 2065 integrity of the White River ecosystem. To successfully accomplish the vision of UWRWA, a 16-county was formed. It exists to improve and protect water quality on a watershed basis in the larger Upper White
White Dwarfs and Dark Matter Based on the identification of 38 white
White Dwarfs and Dark Matter Based on the identification of 38 white dwarfs with halo kinematics to conclude that they have overestimated that the density of white dwarfs with halo kinematics. Oppenheimer et al. (1) derived their local white dwarf density n via the 1/Vmax tech- nique (2). The equation
Oppenheimer, Ben R.
White Dwarf and Pre-White Dwarf Pulsations M. H. Montgomery
White Dwarf and Pre-White Dwarf Pulsations M. H. Montgomery Department of Astronomy and Mc Observatory, Greenville, DE, USA Abstract. In this review I describe the basic properties of white dwarfs, convection, accretion, and cosmochronology. Keywords: white dwarfs, oscillations, equation of state PACS: 97
Jefferys, William
Self-latching eccentric cam for dual stroke compressor or pump
For a dual capacity refrigerant compressor of the type which has an eccentric cam rotatable on a crankpin between two opposite positions which changes the total eccentricity of the crankpin and cam so as to obtain two different stroke lengths, the rotation of the cam on the crankpin being effected by a reversal of motor operation, the cam moves through an angle of about 270.degree. around the crankpin so that a centrifugal force torque tending to hold the cam in place is available at least in the reduced stroke length position of the cam, and by providing lightening cavities and eccentric weightings, the center of mass 74 of the cam can be shifted to obtain the centrifugal torque in the proper direction at both the maximum and reduced stroke positions.
Sisk, Francis J. (San Mateo, CA)
Heat pump employing optimal refrigerant compressor for low pressure ratio applications
What is disclosed is a heat pump apparatus for conditioning a fluid characterized by a fluid handler for circulating the fluid in heat exchange relationship with a refrigerant fluid; two refrigerant heat exchangers; one for effecting the heat exchange with the fluid and a second refrigerant-heat exchange fluid heat exchanger for effecting a low pressure ratio of compression of the refrigerant; a rotary compressor for compressing the refrigerant with low power consumption at the low pressure ratio; at least one throttling valve connecting at the inlet side of heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerant is vaporized; a refrigerant circuit serially connecting the above elements; refrigerant in the circuit; a source of heat exchange fluid; heat exchange fluid circulating device and heat exchange fluid circuit for circulating the heat exchange fluid in heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant.
Ecker, Amir L. (Dallas, TX)
For a dual capacity refrigerant compressor of the type which has an eccentric cam rotatable on a crankpin between two opposite positions which changes the total eccentricity of the crankpin and cam so as to obtain two different stroke lengths, the rotation of the cam on the crankpin being effected by a reversal of motor operation, the cam moves through an angle of about 270[degree] around the crankpin so that a centrifugal force torque tending to hold the cam in place is available at least in the reduced stroke length position of the cam, and by providing lightening cavities and eccentric weightings, the center of mass of the cam can be shifted to obtain the centrifugal torque in the proper direction at both the maximum and reduced stroke positions. 7 figs.
Sisk, F.J.
Spitzer White Dwarf Planet Limits
We present preliminary limits on the presence of planets around white dwarf stars using the IRAC photometer on the Spitzer space telescope. Planets emit strongly in the mid-infrared which allows their presence to be detected as an excess at these wavelengths. We place limits of $5 M_J$ for 8 stars assuming ages of $1 Gyr$, and $10 M_J$ for 23 stars.We describe our survey, present our results and comment on approaches to improve our methodology.
F. Mullally; Ted von Hippel; D. E. Winget
Photometric Identification of Cool White Dwarfs
We investigate the use of a narrow-band DDO51 filter for photometric identification of cool white dwarfs. We report photometric observations of 30 known cool white dwarfs with temperatures ranging from 10,000 K down to very cool temperatures (<3500 K). Follow-up spectroscopic observations of a sample of objects selected using this filter and our photometric observations show that DDO51 filter photometry can help select cool white dwarf candidates for follow-up multi--object spectroscopy by rejecting 65% of main sequence stars with the same broad--band colors as the cool white dwarfs. This technique is not selective enough to efficiently feed single--object spectrographs. We present the white dwarf cooling sequence using this filter. Our observations show that very cool white dwarfs form a sequence in the r-DDO vs. r-z color--color diagram and demonstrate that significant improvements are needed in white dwarf model atmospheres.
M. Kilic; D. E. Winget; Ted von Hippel; C. F. Claver
Numerical simulations of output pulse extraction from a high-power microwave compressor with a plasma switch
Numerical simulations of the process of electromagnetic energy release from a high-power microwave pulse compressor comprising a gas-filled cavity and interference switch were carried out. A microwave plasma discharge in a rectangular waveguide H-plane tee was modeled with the use of the fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code MAGIC. The gas ionization, plasma evolution, and interaction with RF fields accumulated within the compressor were simulated using different approaches provided by the MAGIC code: particle-in-cell approach accounting for electron-neutral collisions, gas conductivity model based on the concept of mobility, and hybrid modeling. The dependences of the microwave output pulse peak power and waveform on parameters that can be controlled in experiments, such as an external ionization rate, RF field amplitude, and background gas pressure, were investigated.
Shlapakovski, Anatoli; Beilin, Leonid; Bliokh, Yuri; Donskoy, Moshe; Krasik, Yakov E. [Physics Department, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Hadas, Yoav [Department of Applied Physics, Rafael, PO Box 2250, Haifa 31021 (Israel); Schamiloglu, Edl [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (United States)
Reseach and development of energy-efficient appliance motor-compressors. Final report. Volume III: development and field test plan
By means of a program of theoretical analysis, development, and testing of samples, it was found that significant improvements could be made in the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of hermetic motor-compressor assemblies. The high efficiency designs resulting from the development program are believed to be suitable for quantity production without excessive facilities cost, to have acceptable levels of performance and reliability, and to be producible at costs which will make them commercially attractive. The steps involved in the development of the improved compressor design are described in detail. The major purpose of Phase II of the project is to verify the reliability of the high-efficiency designs by means of a field demonstration program.
Field demonstration of optimized variable speed compressor and condenser fan control for commercial refrigeration systems. Final report
The demonstration project discussed in this report consisted of two separate programs intended to examine methods of implementing variable-frequency drives (VFDs) to increase the efficiency of supermarket refrigeration racks. The first program examined the optimum control strategy for minimizing the power consumption of medium-temperature parallel compressor racks driven by VFDs. The second program, aimed at developing the optimum control strategy for variable-speed control of supermarket condenser fans.
White House honors Los Alamos
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched FerromagnetismWaste and MaterialsWenjun DengWISP SignIn OctoberWhite House honors Los
White Tail | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 East 300 South Place: SaltTroyer & AssociatesWestILI Wind FarmName WhiteTail Jump
Discovery of an Ultracool White Dwarf Companion
The discovery of a low luminosity common proper motion companion to the white dwarf GD392 at a wide separation of $46''$ is reported. $BVRI$ photometry suggests a low temperature ($T_{\\rm eff}\\sim4000$ K) while $JHK$ data strongly indicate suppressed flux at all near infrared wavelengths. Thus, GD392B is one of the few white dwarfs to show significant collision induced absorption due to the presence of photospheric ${\\rm {H_2}}$ and the first ultracool white dwarf detected as a companion to another star. Models fail to explain GD392B as a normal mass white dwarf. If correct, the cool companion may be explained as a low mass white dwarf or unresolved double degenerate. The similarities of GD392B to known ultracool degenerates are discussed, including some possible implications for the faint end of the white dwarf luminosity function.
Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise A white paper
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Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
White Etch Areas: Metallurgical Characterization and Atomistic...
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Gaia - A White Dwarf Discovery Machine
The Gaia data will help to improve the construction of a luminosity function for the disk and the halo and will provide a more accurate determination of the age of our solar neighborhood. Moreover, reliable stellar dynamical investigations of the disk and halo components will be possible. For the first time it will be possible to test the mass-radius relation of white dwarfs in great detail. Moreover, more accurate masses of magnetic and cool white dwarfs can be expected. Gaia is also expected to discover many new pulsating white dwarfs. The Gaia measurements can also complement the measurements of gravitational waves from close white dwarf binaries with Lisa.
Stefan Jordan
Donald Byrne (white) vs. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (black) 1956 White Black
Donald Byrne (white) vs. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (black) 1956 White Black 1. Nf3 Nf6 comments here are called "annotation" 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 black bishop sits on long diagonal 4. d4 0-0 white black threatens the queen 7. Qxc4 c6 8. e4 Nbd7 black's knight on b moves to d7 9. Rd1 Nb6 white's rook
Zirbel, Craig L.
MHD compressor---expander conversion system integrated with GCR inside a deployable reflector
This work originates from the proposal MHD Compressor-Expander Conversion System Integrated with a GCR Inside a Deployable Reflector''. The proposal concerned an innovative concept of nuclear, closed-cycle MHD converter for power generation on space-based systems in the multi-megawatt range. The basic element of this converter is the Power Conversion Unit (PCU) consisting of a gas core reactor directly coupled to an MHD expansion channel. Integrated with the PCU, a deployable reflector provides reactivity control. The working fluid could be either uranium hexafluoride or a mixture of uranium hexafluoride and helium, added to enhance the heat transfer properties. The original Statement of Work, which concerned the whole conversion system, was subsequently redirected and focused on the basic mechanisms of neutronics, reactivity control, ionization and electrical conductivity in the PCU. Furthermore, the study was required to be inherently generic such that the study was required to be inherently generic such that the analysis an results can be applied to various nuclear reactor and/or MHD channel designs''.
Tuninetti, G. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Research Div.); Botta, E.; Criscuolo, C.; Riscossa, P. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Nuclear Div.); Giammanco, F. (Pisa Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica); Rosa-Clot, M. (Florence Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica)
Condenser, compressor, and HRSG cleaning in combined cycles: How often is too often?
The true cost of electric power production consists of capital, fuel, and operation and maintenance (O&M) expense. Decisions are made every day regarding how O&M budget is spent, often affecting plant efficiency and output, and impacting the {open_quotes}bottom line.{close_quotes} As power producers strive to become more competitive, management will require strategies to minimize total production costs, and maximize profits. One such strategy is to clean equipment often enough to maintain good performance, but not too frequently as to exhaust O&M budgets. Examples for a combined cycle unit are gas turbine compressor washes, blast cleaning of HRSG gas-side tube surfaces, and condenser tube cleaning. Each of these tasks restores equipment performance, increasing output. Associated with each, though, is an expense, such as downtime, labor, materials, contractor invoice, and waste disposal. If these tasks are performed too often, excess expense will not be justified by improved output. If done infrequently, the potential for increased revenue and/or fuel cost savings will not be realized. For each task, there is an optimum scheduling interval which will produce the lowest combination of O&M expense and lost revenue. A simple calculation which uses periodic performance testing, monitoring and analysis can determine an optimum maintenance interval for many tasks. In virtually any plant with reasonable instrumentation, a program can be established to determine optimum schedules for most routine performance-improvement maintenance tasks.
Kock, J. [Power Plant Performance Specialists, Lansdowne, PA (United States); DeGeeter, S. [Ocean State Power, Harrisville, NY (United States); Haynes, C.J. [New England Power Co., Somerset, MA (United States)
FERROELECTRIC SWITCH FOR A HIGH-POWER Ka-BAND ACTIVE PULSE COMPRESSOR
Results are presented for design of a high-power microwave switch for operation at 34.3 GHz, intended for use in an active RF pulse compressor. The active element in the switch is a ring of ferroelectric material, whose dielectric constant can be rapidly changed by application of a high-voltage pulse. As envisioned, two of these switches would be built into a pair of delay lines, as in SLED-II at SLAC, so as to allow 30-MW ?s-length Ka-band pulses to be compressed in time by a factor-of-9 and multiplied in amplitude to generate 200 MW peak power pulses. Such high-power pulses could be used for testing and evaluation of high-gradient mm-wave accelerator structures, for example. Evaluation of the switch design was carried out with an X-band (11.43 GHz) prototype, built to incorporate all the features required for the Ka-band version.
Multi-bottle, no compressor, mean pressure control system for a Stirling engine
The invention relates to an apparatus for mean pressure control of a Stirling engine without the need for a compressor. The invention includes a multi-tank system in which there is at least one high pressure level tank and one low pressure level tank wherein gas flows through a maximum pressure and supply line from the engine to the high pressure tank when a first valve is opened until the maximum pressure of the engine drops below that of the high pressure tank opening an inlet regulator to permit gas flow from the engine to the low pressure tank. When gas flows toward the engine it flows through the minimum pressure supply line 2 when a second valve is opened from the low pressure tank until the tank reaches the engine's minimum pressure level at which time the outlet regulator opens permitting gas to be supplied from the high pressure tank to the engine. Check valves between the two tanks prevent any backflow of gas from occurring.
Corey, John A. (Melrose, NY)
White dwarf mergers,White dwarf mergers, thermonuclear supernovae,thermonuclear supernovae,
White dwarf mergers,White dwarf mergers, thermonuclear supernovae,thermonuclear supernovae fusion is ignited. Degenerate, hence runaway. #12;CO white dwarf accretes, either from companion, or from disk after merger. As it approaches maximum mass, C fusion is ignited. Degenerate, hence runaway. SN Ia
Hinton, Jim
CIB White Paper on IDDS Integrated Design & Delivery Solutions
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Amor, Robert
ESF Consortium for Ocean Drilling White Paper
ESF Consortium for Ocean Drilling (ECOD) White Paper An ESF Programme September 2003 #12;The, maintains the ship over a specific location while drilling into water depths up to 27,000 feet. A seven Amsterdam, The Netherlands #12;1 ESF Consortium for Ocean Drilling (ECOD) White Paper Foreword 3
Purkis, Sam
ENERGY WHITE PAPER Our energy future -
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White Dwarf Spectra and Atmosphere Models
We describe the spectral classification of white dwarfs and some of the physical processes important for their understanding. In the major part of this paper we discuss the input physics and computational methods for one of the most widely used stellar atmosphere codes for white dwarfs.
Detlev Koester
White holes and eternal black holes
We investigate isolated white holes surrounded by vacuum, which correspond to the time reversal of eternal black holes that do not evaporate. We show that isolated white holes produce quasi- thermal Hawking radiation. The time reversal of this radiation, incident on a black hole precursor, constitutes a special preparation that will cause the black hole to become eternal.
Stephen D. H. Hsu
A Spitzer White Dwarf Infrared Survey
We present mid-infrared photometry of 124 white dwarf stars with Spitzer Space Telescope. Objects were observed simultaneously at 4.5 and 8.0um with sensitivities better than 1 mJy. This data can be used to test models of white dwarf atmospheres in a new wavelength regime, as well as to search for planetary companions and debris disks.
F. Mullally; Mukremin Kilic; William T. Reach; Marc J. Kuchner; Ted von Hippel; Adam Burrows; D. E. Winget
Dyson Spheres around White Dwarfs
A Dyson Sphere is a hypothetical structure that an advanced civilization might build around a star to intercept all of the star's light for its energy needs. One usually thinks of it as a spherical shell about one astronomical unit (AU) in radius, and surrounding a more or less Sun-like star; and might be detectable as an infrared point source. We point out that Dyson Spheres could also be built around white dwarfs. This type would avoid the need for artificial gravity technology, in contrast to the AU-scale Dyson Spheres. In fact, we show that parameters can be found to build Dyson Spheres suitable --temperature- and gravity-wise-- for human habitation. This type would be much harder to detect.
Semiz, ?brahim
Object technology: A white paper
Object-Oriented Technology (OOT), although not a new paradigm, has recently been prominently featured in the trade press and even general business publications. Indeed, the promises of object technology are alluring: the ability to handle complex design and engineering information through the full manufacturing production life cycle or to manipulate multimedia information, and the ability to improve programmer productivity in creating and maintaining high quality software. Groups at a number of the DOE facilities have been exploring the use of object technology for engineering, business, and other applications. In this white paper, the technology is explored thoroughly and compared with previous means of developing software and storing databases of information. Several specific projects within the DOE Complex are described, and the state of the commercial marketplace is indicated.
Jordan, S.R.; Arrowood, L.F.; Cain, W.D.; Stephens, W.M.; Vickers, B.D.
Introduction: White-Collar and Corporate Crime in Asia
International Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime.Japanese social structure and white collar crime: recruitG. (2007). Black Mist and White Collars: Economic Crime in
Pontell, Henry N.; Geis, Gilbert
White matter integrity, substance use, and risk taking in adolescence
F. M. , Celano, M. J. , White, S. L. , Wallace, G. L. , Lee,inhibition is associated with white matter microstructure inTapert, S.F. (2009). White matter integrity in adolescents
Jacobus, Joanna
White sponge nevus in a patient with EEC syndrome
PubMed ] 21. Jornet PL. White sponge nevus: presentation ofknowledge, no other case of white sponge nevus in a patientstudies on the etiology of the white sponge nevus might look
Dalben, Gisele Silva; Cursino, Helize A; Barbosa, Bruno A; Costa, Beatriz; Consolaro, Alberto
How One Delaware County is Saving Money and Creating Jobs
New Castle County will carry out 158 conservation measures, including heat pump and boiler replacements, high-efficiency motors, lighting retrofits and controls, and a white reflective roof.
This report documents a 3-year research program conducted by the Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) at Colorado State University (CSU) to develop micropilot ignition systems for existing pipeline compressor engines. Research activities for the overall program were conducted with the understanding that the efforts are to result in a commercial product to capture and disseminate the efficiency and environmental benefits of this new technology. An extensive state-of-art review was conducted to leverage the existing body of knowledge of micropilot ignition with respect to retrofit applications. Additionally, commercially-available fuel injection products were identified and applied to the program where appropriate. This approach will minimize the overall time-to-market requirements, while meeting performance and cost criteria. The objective for Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of micropilot ignition for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios under laboratory conditions at the EECL. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase I were to develop a single-cylinder test chamber to study the injection of pilot fuel into a combustion cylinder and to develop, install and test a multi-cylinder micropilot ignition system for a 4-cylinder, natural gas test engine. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support these two (2) primarily elements in a stepwise fashion. Task-specific approaches and results are documented in this report. The four-cylinder prototype data was encouraging for the micro-pilot ignition technology when compared to spark ignition. The objective for Phase II was to further develop and optimize the micropilot ignition system at the EECL for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase II were to evaluate the results for the 4-cylinder system prototype developed for Phase I, then optimize this system and prepare the technology for the field demonstration phase in Year 3. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support objectives in a stepwise fashion. The optimized four-cylinder system data demonstrated significant progress compared to Phase I results, as well as traditional spark ignition systems. These laboratory results were enhanced, then verified via a field demonstration project during Phase III of the Micropilot Ignition program. An Implementation Team of qualified engine retrofit service providers was assembled to install the retrofit micropilot ignition system on an engine operated by El Paso Pipeline Group at a compressor station near Window Rock, Arizona. Testing of this demonstration unit showed that the same benefits identified by laboratory testing at CSU, i.e., reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (NOx, THC, CO, and CH2O). Commercialization of the retrofit micropilot ignition technology is awaiting a ''market pull'', which is expected to materialize as the results of the field demonstration become known and accepted. The Implementation Team, comprised of Woodward Governor Company, Enginuity LLC, Hoerbiger Corporation of America, and DigiCon Inc., has direct experience with the technology development and implementation, and stands ready to promote and commercialize the retrofit micropilot ignition system.
Scott Chase; Daniel Olsen; Ted Bestor
Evaluation of static mixer flow enhancements for cryogenic viscous compressor prototype for ITER vacuum system
As part of the U.S. ITER contribution to the vacuum systems for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being designed and fabricated to cryopump hydrogenic gases in the torus and neutral beam exhaust streams and to regenerate the collected gases to controlled pressures such that they can be mechanically pumped with controlled flows to the tritium reprocessing facility. One critical element of the CVC design that required additional investigation was the determination of flow rates of the low pressure (up to 1000 Pa) exhaust stream that would allow for complete pumping of hydrogenic gases while permitting trace levels of helium to pass through the CVC to be pumped by conventional vacuum pumps. A sub-scale prototype test facility was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a static mixer pump tube concept, which consisted of a series of rotated twisted elements brazed into a 2-mm thick, 5-cm diameter stainless steel tube. Cold helium gas flow provided by a dewar and helium transfer line was used to cool the exterior of the static mixer pump tube. Deuterium gas was mixed with helium gas through flow controllers at different concentrations while the composition of the exhaust gas was monitored with a Penning gauge and optical spectrometer to determine the effectiveness of the static mixer. It was found that with tube wall temperatures between 6 K and 9 K, the deuterium gas was completely cryopumped and only helium passed through the tube. These results have been used to design the cooling geometry and the static mixer pump tubes in the full-scale CVC prototype.
Duckworth, Robert C.; Baylor, Larry R.; Meitner, Steven J.; Combs, Stephen K.; Ha, Tam; Morrow, Michael; Biewer, T. [Fusion and Materials for Nuclear System Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge (United States); Rasmussen, David A.; Hechler, Michael P. [U.S. ITER Project Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge (United States); Pearce, Robert J. H.; Dremel, Mattias [ITER Organization, 13115 St. Paul-lez-Durance (France); Boissin, J.-C. [Consultant, Grenoble (France)
Evaluation of Static Mixer Flow Enhancements for Cryogenic Viscous Compressor Prototype for ITER Vacuum System
As part of the U.S. ITER contribution to the vacuum systems for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being designed and fabricated to cryopump hydrogenic gases in the torus and neutral beam exhaust streams and to regenerate the collected gases to controlled pressures such that they can be mechanically pumped with controlled flows to the tritium reprocessing facility. One critical element of the CVC design that required additional investigation was the determination of flow rates of the low pressure (50 to 1000 Pa) exhaust stream that would allow for complete pumping of hydrogenic gases while permitting trace levels of helium to pass through the CVC to be pumped by conventional vacuum pumps. A sub-scale prototype test facility was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a static mixer pump tube concept, which consisted of a series of rotated twisted elements brazed into a 2-mm thick, 5-cm diameter stainless steel tube. Cold helium gas flow provided by a dewar and helium transfer line was used to cool the exterior of the static mixer pump tube. Deuterium gas was mixed with helium gas through flow controllers at different concentrations while the composition of the exhaust gas was monitored with a Penning gauge and optical spectrometer to determine the effectiveness of the static mixer. It was found that with tube wall temperatures between 6 K and 9 K, the deuterium gas was completely cryopumped and only helium passed through the tube. These results have been used to design the cooling geometry and the static mixer pump tubes in the full-scale CVC prototype
Duckworth, Robert C [ORNL] [ORNL; Baylor, Larry R [ORNL] [ORNL; Meitner, Steven J [ORNL] [ORNL; Combs, Stephen Kirk [ORNL] [ORNL; Ha, Tam T [ORNL] [ORNL; Morrow, Michael [ORNL] [ORNL; Biewer, Theodore M [ORNL] [ORNL; Rasmussen, David A [ORNL] [ORNL; Hechler, Michael P [ORNL] [ORNL; Pearce, R.J.H. [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France] [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France; Dremel, M. [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France] [ITER Organization, Cadarache, France; Boissin, Jean Claude [Consultant] [Consultant
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Summer 2014...
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de Lijser, Peter
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White House Launches the Generation Indigenous Native Youth Challenge White House Launches the Generation Indigenous Native Youth Challenge February 17, 2015 - 12:06pm Addthis On...
Imaging planets around nearby white dwarfs
We suggest that Jovian planets will survive the late stages of stellar evolution, and that white dwarfs will retain planetary systems in wide orbits (>5AU). Utilising evolutionary models for Jovian planets, we show that infra-red imaging with 8m class telescopes of suitable nearby white dwarfs should allow us to resolve and detect companions >3Mjup. Detection of massive planetary companions to nearby white dwarfs would prove that such objects can survive the final stages of stellar evolution, place constraints on the frequency of main sequence stars with planetary systems dynamically similar to our own and allow direct spectroscopic investigation of their composition and structure.
M. R. Burleigh; F. J. Clarke; S. T. Hodgkin
The Blue Box White Paper
This white paper is an explanation of Ben and Dave's TARDIS time machine, written for laypeople who are interested in time travel, but have no technical knowledge of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. The first part of this paper is an introduction to the pertinent ideas from Einstein's theory of curved spacetime, followed by a review of other popular time machine spacetimes. We begin with an introduction to curvature and lightcones. We then explain the Alcubierre Warp Drive, the Morris-Thorne wormhole, and the Tipler cylinder. We then describe the Traversable Achronal Retrograde Domain in Spacetime (TARDIS), and explain some of its general properties. Our TARDIS is a bubble of spacetime curvature which travels along a closed loop in space and time. A person travelling within the bubble will feel a constant acceleration. A person outside of the TARDIS will see two bubbles: one which is evolving forwards in time, and one which is evolving backwards in time. We then discuss the physical limitations which ...
Tippett, Benjamin K
This white paper is an explanation of Ben and Dave's TARDIS time machine, written for laypeople who are interested in time travel, but have no technical knowledge of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. The first part of this paper is an introduction to the pertinent ideas from Einstein's theory of curved spacetime, followed by a review of other popular time machine spacetimes. We begin with an introduction to curvature and lightcones. We then explain the Alcubierre Warp Drive, the Morris-Thorne wormhole, and the Tipler cylinder. We then describe the Traversable Achronal Retrograde Domain in Spacetime (TARDIS), and explain some of its general properties. Our TARDIS is a bubble of spacetime curvature which travels along a closed loop in space and time. A person travelling within the bubble will feel a constant acceleration. A person outside of the TARDIS will see two bubbles: one which is evolving forwards in time, and one which is evolving backwards in time. We then discuss the physical limitations which may prevent us from ever constructing a TARDIS. Finally, we discuss the method through which a TARDIS can be used to travel between arbitrary points in space and time, and the possible dangers involved with exiting a TARDIS from the wrong side. Before we begin, would you like a Jelly Baby?
Benjamin K Tippett; David Tsang
The effects of compressor speed and electronic expansion valve opening on the optimum design of inverter heat pump at various heating loads
The experiments to design the optimum operation point of an inverter heat pump were performed by varying compressor speed and expansion valve opening for various heating loads. At the indoor temperatures of {minus}5 {approximately} 15C and outdoor temperatures of {minus}10 {approximately} 25 C, the compressor driving frequencies were varied 10 {approximately} 120 Hz and 80 {approximately} 200 pulse for the expansion valve opening while the speed of the indoor and outdoor fans were fixed. From the results of this study, the optimum combination of compressor driving frequency and expansion valve opening were found to exist if indoor and outdoor temperatures are settled though the operation point is changed by the preferable factor among capacity, comfort and power saving.
Hwang, Y.; Kim, Y.; Park, J.; Kim, C.
As the speed of the compressor was increased per test, any excess charge was held in the accumulator, which served as a receiver to maintain optimal charge level. Analytical results developed by Rice* indicated that the condenser exit
* indicated that the condenser exit subcooling could be reduced at constant charge with no noticeable loss and refrigerant subcooling at the condenser exit were experimentally determined at discrete compressor speeds at condenser exit per compressor speed are plotted in Figures 1 and 2 as a function of indoor blower speed
Free-Piston Engine Compressor Georgia Institute ofTechnology | Milwaukee School of Engineering | North Carolina A&T State University | Purdue University | University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign | University of Minnesota |Vanderbilt University
Free-Piston Engine Compressor Georgia Institute ofTechnology | Milwaukee School of Engineering Dynamic Model-Based Design Free Piston Engine Compressor Prof. Eric J. Barth, Joel A. Willhite, Chao Yong piston (Inertia/inertance, stiffness, damping) Valve sizing and required speeds of response scce WWWW
Ethnic identification among blacks and whites
Two central questions drive this research: (1) Are there trends in ethnic identification among blacks and whites; and (2) Are there meaningful differences between groups that identify differently? I use descriptive and regression analysis...
Glass, Teresa Gail
Sandia National Laboratories: warm white LED
warm white LED Sandia Develops a Synthesis of Quantum Dots that Increases the Quantum Yield to 95.5% On May 23, 2013, in Energy, Energy Efficiency, Materials Science, News, News &...
Strategic Facility Management: A White Paper
This white paper provides information on the SFP process, its requirements and benefits, and gives a facility manager the basic tools to launch and successfully complete a SFP for the supported organization.
2013 White House Tribal Nations Conference
On Wednesday, November 13, President Obama will host the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Department of the Interior. The conference will provide leaders from the 566 federally...
Cortical white matter: beyond the pale
The tracts within the subcortical white matter and corpus callosum provide an anatomical connectivity that is essential for normal cognitive functioning. These structures are predominantly made up of axons that are myelinated ...
Rockland, Kathleen
Merging White Dwarfs and Thermonuclear Supernovae
Thermonuclear supernovae result when interaction with a companion reignites nuclear fusion in a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, causing a thermonuclear runaway, a catastrophic gain in pressure, and the disintegration of the whole white dwarf. It is usually thought that fusion is reignited in near-pycnonuclear conditions when the white dwarf approaches the Chandrasekhar mass. I briefly describe two long-standing problems faced by this scenario, and our suggestion that these supernovae instead result from mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs, including those that produce sub-Chandrasekhar mass remnants. I then turn to possible observational tests, in particular those that test the absence or presence of electron captures during the burning.
van Kerkwijk, Marten H
White Paper Using Social Media to Improve
White Paper Using Social Media to Improve Organizational Communication & Efficiency Amy M. Young can enhance workforce collaboration, increase organizational efficiency, and reduce expenses changing organizational communication, collaboration, and efficiency. We also discuss the key
Michigan, University of
NGNP High Temperature Materials White Paper
This white paper is one in a series of white papers that address key generic issues of the combined construction and operating license (COL) pre-application program key generic issues for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant reactor using the prismatic block fuel technology. The purpose of the pre-application program interactions with the NRC staff is to reduce the time required for COL application review by identifying and addressing key regulatory issues and, if possible, obtaining agreements for their resolution
Lew Lommers; George Honma
Mutiny at the white-hole district
The white-hole sector of Kruskal's solution is almost never used in physical applications. However, it might contain the solution to many of the problems associated with gravitational collapse and evaporation. This essay tries to draw attention to some bouncing geometries that make a democratic use of the black- and white-hole sectors. We will argue that these types of behaviour could be perfectly natural in some approaches to the next physical level beyond classical general relativity.
Carlos Barcel�; Ra�l Carballo-Rubio; Luis J. Garay
2014 White House Tribal Nations Conference
President Obama will host the 2014 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Capital Hilton in Washington, DC. The conference will provide leaders from the 566 federally recognized tribes the opportunity to interact directly with the President and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. Each federally recognized tribe will be invited to send one representative to the conference. Additional details about the conference will be released at a later date.
This report documents the first year's effort towards a 3-year program to develop micropilot ignition systems for existing pipeline compressor engines. In essence, all Phase I goals and objectives were met. We intend to proceed with the Phase II research plan, as set forth by the applicable Research Management Plan. The objective for Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of micropilot ignition for large bore, slow speed engines operating at low compression ratios. The primary elements of Micropilot Phase I were to develop a single-cylinder test chamber to study the injection of pilot fuel into a combustion cylinder and to develop, install and test a multi-cylinder micropilot ignition system for a 4-cylinder, natural gas test engine. In all, there were twelve (12) tasks defined and executed to support these two (2) primarily elements in a stepwise fashion. Task-specific approaches and results are documented in this report. Research activities for Micropilot Phase I were conducted with the understanding that the efforts are expected to result in a commercial product to capture and disseminate the efficiency and environmental benefits of this new technology. An extensive state-of-art review was conducted to leverage the existing body of knowledge of micropilot ignition with respect to retrofit applications. Additionally, commercially-available fuel injection products were identified and applied to the program where appropriate. This approach will minimize the overall time-to-market requirements, while meeting performance and cost criteria. The four-cylinder prototype data was encouraging for the micro-pilot ignition technology when compared to spark ignition. Initial testing results showed: (1) Brake specific fuel consumption of natural gas was improved from standard spark ignition across the map, 1% at full load and 5% at 70% load. (2) 0% misfires for all points on micropilot ignition. Fuel savings were most likely due to this percent misfire improvement. (3) THC (Total Hydrocarbon) emissions were improved significantly at light load, 38% at 70% load. (4) VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions were improved above 80% load. (5) Coefficient of Variance for the IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure) was significantly less at lower loads, 76% less at 70%. These preliminary results will be substantiated and enhanced during Phase II of the Micropilot Ignition program.
Ted Bestor
Castle Cooke Inc | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of InspectorConcentrating SolarElectricEnergyCTBarreis aCallahanWind Farm Jump to:Case WesternCasperCassia
Castle Energy Services | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Office of Inspector GeneralDepartmentAUDIT REPORT Americium/CuriumSunways JVGroup India Jump to: navigation,Energy
White Space Ecosystem: A Secondary Network Operator's Perspective
1 White Space Ecosystem: A Secondary Network Operator's Perspective Yuan Luo, Lin Gao, and Jianwei Huang Abstract--The successful deployment of a TV white space network requires the coordination-users), which form the White Space Ecosystem. In this paper, we study the white space ecosystem from
Huang, Jianwei
R. White, Comsol Acoustics Introduction, 2/25/08
R. White, Comsol Acoustics Introduction, 2/25/08 #12;R. White, Comsol Acoustics Introduction, 2,y,z,t) Dependent Variables unknown field (such as u) #12;R. White, Comsol Acoustics Introduction, 2/25/08 Finite space and time (x,y,z,t) Dependent Variables unknown field (such as u) #12;R. White, Comsol Acoustics
Call No. Title Author Location Gilbert White Collection
-White TD927.A2 197 Abastecimientos de agua potable a comunidades rurales IWR-White HC800.A54 19 Accelerated States. January 1937 United States. Hist-White TD745.I33 197 Advanced treatment and reuse of municipal wastewater : dan region pilot plant, summer operation. Idelovitch, Emanuel. IWR-White TA593.C64 19 Aerial
US Army Corps of Engineers
Phase transformations of nano-sized cubic boron nitride to white graphene and white graphite
We report quantum-mechanical investigations that predict the formation of white graphene and nano-sized white graphite from the first-order phase transformations of nano-sized boron nitride thin-films. The phase transformations from the nano-sized diamond-like structure, when the thickness d?>?1.4?nm, to the energetically more stable nano-sized white graphite involve low activation energies of less than 1.0?eV. On the other hand, the diamond-like structure transforms spontaneously to white graphite when d???1.4?nm. In particular, the two-dimensional structure with single-layer boron nitride, the so-called white graphene, could be formed as a result of such transformation.
Dang, Hongli; Liu, Yingdi; Xue, Wenhua; Anderson, Ryan S.; Sewell, Cody R. [Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 (United States); Xue, Sha; Crunkleton, Daniel W. [Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 (United States); Institute of Alternate Energy, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 (United States); Shen, Yaogen [Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Wang, Sanwu, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 (United States); Institute of Alternate Energy, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 (United States)
2014-03-12 Issuance: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial and Industrial Air Compressors; Notice of Public Meeting and Extension of Comment Period
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register notice of public meeting and extension of public comment period regarding energy conservation standards for commercial and industrial air compressors, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on March 12, 2014.
ACEEE Summer Study on Energy in Industry, West Point, NY, July 19-22. 1 Modeling and Simulation of Air Compressor Energy Use
compressor energy use to estimate energy savings in compressed air systems from air use reduction and other pressure, and for modeling the change in system pressure as function of compressed air storage volume assessments of mid-sized industries, we found that the average unit energy cost of compressed air ranges from
National Account Energy Alliance Final Report for the Basin Electric Project at Northern Border Pipeline Company's Compressor Station #7, North Dakota
A field research test and verification project was conducted at the recovered energy generation plant at Northern Border Pipeline Company Compressor Station #7 (CS#7) near St. Anthony. Recovered energy generation plant equipment was supplied and installed by ORMAT Technologies, Inc. Basin Electric is purchasing the electricity under a purchase power agreement with an ORMAT subsidiary, which owns and operates the plant.
Sweetzer, Richard [Exergy Partners Corp.; Leslie, Neil [Gas Technology Institute
White flight or flight from poverty?
The phenomenon of White flight is often illustrated by the case of Detroit whose population dropped from 1.80 million to 0.95 million between 1950 and 2000 while at the same time its Black and Hispanic component grew from 30 percent to 85 percent. But is this case really representative? The present paper shows that the phenomenon of White flight is in fact essentially a flight from poverty. As a confirmation, we show that the changes in White or Black populations are highly correlated which means that White flight is always paralleled by Black flight (and Hispanic flight as well). This broader interpretation of White flight accounts not only for the case of northern cities such as Cincinnati, Cleveland or Detroit, but for all population changes at county level, provided the population density is higher than a threshold of about 50 per square-kilometer which corresponds to moderately urbanized areas (as can be found in states like Indiana or Virginia for instance).
Jego, C; Jego, Charles; Roehner, Bertrand M.
Efficient White SSL Component for General Illumination
Cree has developed a new, high-efficiency, low-cost, light emitting diode (LED) module that should be capable of replacing standard, halogen, fluorescent and metal halide lamps based on the total cost of ownership. White LEDs are produced by combining one or more saturated color LEDs with a phosphor or other light down-converting media to achieve white broad-band illumination. This two year project addressed LED chip, package and phosphor efficiency improvements to establish a technology platform suitable for low-cost, high-efficiency commercial luminaires. New phosphor materials with improved quantum efficiency at 'real-life' operating conditions were developed along with new package technology to improve the efficiency of warm white LED modules compared to the baseline technology. Specifically, Cree has successfully demonstrated warm white LED modules providing 540 lumens at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3000 K. The LED module had an efficacy of 102.8 lumens per watt (LPW) using 1 mm2 chips biased at 350 mA - a 27% improvement over the technology at project start (81 LPW at 3000K). The white modules also delivered an efficacy of 88 LPW at elevated junction temperatures of 125 C. In addition, a proof-of-concept 4-inch downlight luminaire produced a flux of 1183 lumens at a CCT of 2827 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of 80 using this project's phosphor developments.
Sean Evans
KdV Preserves White Noise
It is shown that white noise is an invariant measure for the Korteweg-deVries equation on $\\mathbb T$. This is a consequence of recent results of Kappeler and Topalov establishing the well-posedness of the equation on appropriate negative Sobolev spaces, together with a result of Cambronero and McKean that white noise is the image under the Miura transform (Ricatti map) of the (weighted) Gibbs measure for the modified KdV equation, proven to be invariant for that equation by Bourgain.
Jeremy Quastel; Benedek Valko
THE WHITE HOUSE | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "of EnergyEnergyENERGYWomen Owned Small BusinessEMPLOYMENT VERIFICATION1 - In theTHE WHITE HOUSE THE WHITE
Understanding white dwarf binary evolution with white dwarf/main sequence binaries: first results from SEGUE
Close white dwarf binaries make up a wide variety of objects such as double white dwarf binaries, which are possible SN Ia progenitors, cataclysmic variables, super soft sources, or AM CVn stars. The evolution and formation of close white dwarf binaries crucially depends on the rate at which angular momentum is extracted from the binary orbit. The two most important sources of angular momentum loss are the common envelope phase and magnetic braking. Both processes are so far poorly understood. Observational population studies of white dwarf/main sequence binaries provide the potential to significantly progress with this situation and to clearly constrain magnetic braking and the CE-phase. However, the current population of white dwarf/main sequence binaries is highly incomplete and heavily biased towards young systems containing hot white dwarfs. The SDSSII/SEGUE collaboration awarded us with 5 fibers per plate pair in order to fill this gap and to identify the required unbiased sample of old white dwarf/main sequence binaries. The success rate of our selection criteria exceeds 65% and during the first 10 months we have identified 41 new systems, most of them belonging to the missed old population.
M. R. Schreiber; A. Nebot Gomez-Moran; A. D. Schwope
Comprehensive Compressor Calorimeter Testing of Lower-GWP Alternative Refrigerants for Heat Pump and Medium Temperature Refrigeration Applications
In response to environmental concerns raised by the use of refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP), the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) has launched an industry-wide cooperative research program, referred to as the Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), to identify and evaluate promising alternative refrigerants for major product categories. This paper reports one of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) contributions to AREP. It compares performance of alternative refrigerants to that of R-410A and R-404A for heat pump and medium temperature applications, respectively. The alternatives reported in this paper are: R-32, DR-5, and L-41a for R-410A and ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and a mixture of R-32 and R-134a for R-404A. All performance comparison tests were conducted using scroll compressors of ~1.85 tons (6.5 kW) cooling capacity. Tests were conducted over a range of combinations of saturation suction and saturation discharge temperatures for both compressors. The tests showed that, in general, energy efficiency ratio (EER) and cooling capacity of R-410A alternative refrigerants were slightly lower than that of the baseline refrigerant with a moderate increases in discharge temperature. On the other hand, R-404A alternative refrigerants showed relative performance dependence on saturation suction and saturation discharge temperatures and larger increases in discharge temperature than for the R-410A alternatives. This paper summarizes the relative performance of all alternative refrigerants compared to their respective baseline.
Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL] [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL] [ORNL
White-matter abnormalities in brain during early abstinence from methamphetamine abuse
nuclear gray matter, and white matter of human subjects whoHC) subjects show larger white-matter volume (Thompson ethigher incidence of white-matter signal hyperintensities (
Tobias, Marc C.; O�Neill, Joseph; Hudkins, Matthew; Bartzokis, George; Dean, Andrew C.; London, Edythe D.
Artful Adventures Medieval europe
at the behest of Duane Wilder, Class of 1951 (y1959-11). Photo: Bruce M. White Life in a castle was not alwaysCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2009-23). Photo: Bruce M. White According to legend, Arthur was the king upon an enchanted castle where a group of noble ladies and their queen are being held captive. Can you
DOUGLAS R. WHITE Societal Research Archives System
DOUGLAS R. WHITE Societal Research Archives System : Retrieval, quality control and analysis, data quality control, and testing for genetic, diffusional, or functional sources of correlation total number of such publications, but over 90 % of the actual ratings, since the remaining publications
White House Forum on Minorities in Energy
At the White House Forum on Minorities in Energy, Secretary Moniz honored the Ambassadors of the Minorities in Energy Initiative -- senior-level leaders dedicated to advancing underrepresented groups in the energy sector. Panel discussions at the event covered a wide range of issues including increasing participation in STEM fields by minorities and engaging communities in energy and climate issues.
Business-driven security White paper
March 2008 Business-driven security White paper Take a holistic approach to business-driven security. #12;Take a holistic approach to business-driven security. 2 Overview Today's corporate leaders face multiple challenges, including the need to innovate in extremely competitive business climates
Differential white cell count by centrifugal microfluidics.
We present a method for counting white blood cells that is uniquely compatible with centrifugation based microfluidics. Blood is deposited on top of one or more layers of density media within a microfluidic disk. Spinning the disk causes the cell populations within whole blood to settle through the media, reaching an equilibrium based on the density of each cell type. Separation and fluorescence measurement of cell types stained with a DNA dye is demonstrated using this technique. The integrated signal from bands of fluorescent microspheres is shown to be proportional to their initial concentration in suspension. Among the current generation of medical diagnostics are devices based on the principle of centrifuging a CD sized disk functionalized with microfluidics. These portable 'lab on a disk' devices are capable of conducting multiple assays directly from a blood sample, embodied by platforms developed by Gyros, Samsung, and Abaxis. [1,2] However, no centrifugal platform to date includes a differential white blood cell count, which is an important metric complimentary to diagnostic assays. Measuring the differential white blood cell count (the relative fraction of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes) is a standard medical diagnostic technique useful for identifying sepsis, leukemia, AIDS, radiation exposure, and a host of other conditions that affect the immune system. Several methods exist for measuring the relative white blood cell count including flow cytometry, electrical impedance, and visual identification from a stained drop of blood under a microscope. However, none of these methods is easily incorporated into a centrifugal microfluidic diagnostic platform.
Sommer, Gregory Jon; Tentori, Augusto M.; Schaff, Ulrich Y.
PO Box 2349 White Salmon, WA 98672
PO Box 2349 White Salmon, WA 98672 509.493.4468 www.newbuildings.org COMMERCIAL ROOFTOP HVAC ENERGY from utility-sponsored field service measures on small (typically 3-10 tons) commercial rooftop unitary utility-funded RTU service programs. New Buildings Institute (NBI) staff has been managing the research
Waste and Climate Change ISWA WHITE PAPER
waste prevention, recycling and reuse, biological treatment with land use of products, energy recoveryWaste and Climate Change ISWA WHITE PAPER #12;Preface 3 Re-evaluating waste: ISWA key messages 4 ISWA Commitments 6 Introduction 7 Technologies 8 Material recovery 14 Organic recovery 16 Energy
White Paper on Magnetic Fusion Program Strategies
of the international fusion program, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), is now halfwayWhite Paper on Magnetic Fusion Program Strategies Prepared for The President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology Prepared by David E. Baldwin Senior Vice President for Fusion General
VBH-0068- In the Matter of Ronald D. White
This Decision involves a complaint filed by Ronald D. White (White or �Complainant�) under the Department of Energy (DOE) Contractor Employee Protection Program, codified at 10 C.F.R. Part 708....
Women at the White House Talk Climate and Energy Solutions |...
Women at the White House Talk Climate and Energy Solutions Women at the White House Talk Climate and Energy Solutions May 31, 2013 - 2:19pm Addthis April Saylor April Saylor Former...
Statement from the White House Press Secretary on the Ongoing...
the White House Press Secretary on the Ongoing U.S. Response to the Earthquakes and Tsunami in Japan Statement from the White House Press Secretary on the Ongoing U.S. Response to...
2014 White House Tribal Nations Conference | Department of Energy
White House Tribal Nations Conference 2014 White House Tribal Nations Conference December 3, 2014 9:00AM to 5:00PM EST On Wednesday, December 3, President Obama will host the 2014...
Ms. Victoria A. White Chief Operating Officer Fermilab
Ms. Victoria A. White Chief Operating Officer Fermilab P.O. Box 500 Batavia, I L 60510 Dear Ms. White: SUBJECT : NATIONA L ENVIRON MENTAL POLICY ACT DETERMI NATION AT FERMI...
White House Blog Post on the President's "Better Buildings Initiative...
White House Blog Post on the President's "Better Buildings Initiative" White House Blog Post on the President's "Better Buildings Initiative" February 4, 2011 - 12:00am Addthis In...
White House Highlights Two Energy-Slashing, Open Data Initiatives...
White House Highlights Two Energy-Slashing, Open Data Initiatives White House Highlights Two Energy-Slashing, Open Data Initiatives May 28, 2014 - 10:22am Addthis The Buildings...
EIS-0376: White Wind Farm Brookings County, South Dakota
This EIS evaluates the potential environmental impacts of a proposal�by Western to interconnect its proposed White Wind Farm Project (Project) to Western�s transmission system at the existing White...
Keynote Address: Cristin Dorgelo, White House Office of Science...
Cristin Dorgelo, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Keynote Address: Cristin Dorgelo, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy May 21, 2014 2:20PM to...
Bright-White Beetle Scales Optimise Multiple Scattering of Light
Whiteness arises from diffuse and broadband reflection of light typically achieved through optical scattering in randomly structured media. In contrast to structural colour due to coherent scattering, white appearance ...
Burresi, Matteo
Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
A reduced proper motion diagram utilizing Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry and astrometry and USNO-B plate astrometry is used to separate cool white dwarf candidates from metal-weak, high-velocity main sequence Population II stars (subdwarfs) in the SDSS Data Release 2 imaging area. Follow-up spectroscopy using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, the MMT, and the McDonald 2.7m Telescope is used to demonstrate that the white dwarf and subdwarf loci separate cleanly in the reduced proper motion diagram, and that the contamination by subdwarfs is small near the cool white dwarf locus. This enables large statistically complete samples of white dwarfs, particularly the poorly understood cool white dwarfs, to be created from the SDSS imaging survey, with important implications for white dwarf luminosity function studies. SDSS photometry for our sample of cool white dwarfs is compared to current white dwarf models.
Mukremin Kilic; Jeffrey A. Munn; Hugh C. Harris; James Liebert; Ted von Hippel; Kurtis A. Williams; Travis S. Metcalfe; D. E. Winget; Stephen E. Levine
Sandia National Laboratories: Four-color laser white illuminant...
ClimateECNews & EventsNewsFour-color laser white illuminant demonstrating high color-rendering quality Four-color laser white illuminant demonstrating high color-rendering quality...
Keynote Address: Ali Zaidi, the White House Domestic Policy Council...
Ali Zaidi, the White House Domestic Policy Council Keynote Address: Ali Zaidi, the White House Domestic Policy Council May 21, 2014 2:05PM to 2:30PM PDT Pacific Ballroom Keynote...
LIVE from the White House Science Fair | Department of Energy
LIVE from the White House Science Fair LIVE from the White House Science Fair October 18, 2010 - 11:31am Addthis John Schueler John Schueler Former New Media Specialist, Office of...
Ms. Victoria A, White Chief Operating Officer Fermilab
A, White Chief Operating Officer Fermilab P.O. Box 50Q Batavia, I L 60510 Dear Ms. White: SUBJECT: NATIONAL ENVIRONMEN TAL POLICY ACT DTRMINATI QN AT ERMs NATIONAL ACCELERATO R...
White light emitting diode as liquid crystal display backlight
The discovery of high brightness (white) light emitting diode (LED) is considered as a real threat to the current lighting industry in various applications. One of the most promising sectors would be using white LED to ...
Soon, Chian Myau
VancouverParksville White RockNew Westminster
Courtenay VancouverParksville Abbotsford White RockNew Westminster Squamish Chilliwack Port McNeill Powell
The Hull-White Model: Calibration with Irregular Trinomial Trees
The Hull-White Model: Calibration with Irregular Trinomial Trees · The previous calibration of the tree's irregular shape. c 2011 Prof. Yuh-Dauh Lyuu, National Taiwan University Page 1019 #12;The Hull-White the spot rates exactly. c 2011 Prof. Yuh-Dauh Lyuu, National Taiwan University Page 1020 #12;The Hull-White
Lyuu, Yuh-Dauh
Regional White Matter and Neuropsychological Functioning across the Adult Lifespan
Regional White Matter and Neuropsychological Functioning across the Adult Lifespan Adam M. Brickman (MRI) to more fully elucidate the relationship among age, regional white matter, and neuropsychological neuropsychological assessment. MR images were spatially normalized and segmented by tissue type; relative white
Denis White ~ Publications PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES
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Jenny, Bernhard
White Dwarf Properties and the Degenerate Electron Gas
White Dwarf Properties and the Degenerate Electron Gas Nicholas Rowell April 10, 2008 Contents 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Consequences for the Mass of White Dwarfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 1 Introduction White dwarfs are the second most common type of star in the Galaxy, and represent
Tittley, Eric
White marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans)
659 White marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) are widely distributed assessment indicators indicate that the white marlin population has been severely overfished for several regarding the repro- Movements and spawning of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin (Makaira
Age of Neoproterozoic Bilatarian Body and Trace Fossils, White
Age of Neoproterozoic Bilatarian Body and Trace Fossils, White Sea, Russia: Implications-bearing, shallow marine siliciclastic rocks in the Zimnie Gory section of the White Sea region indicates Ranges, South Australia (18); in the Poleta Formation in the White-Inyo Mountains and Upper Wood Canyon
White Salmon Subbasin Plan Prepared for the Northwest Power and
#12;i White Salmon Subbasin Plan 5/28/2004 Prepared for the Northwest Power and Conservation Rawding, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Heather Simmons-Rigdon, Yakama Nation White Nation, Steve VanderPloeg, WDFW, Lee VanTussenbrook, WDFW, and Joe Zendt, Yakama Nation White Salmon
White Matter Glucose Metabolism during Intracortical Electrostimulation: A Quantitative [18
White Matter Glucose Metabolism during Intracortical Electrostimulation: A Quantitative [18 F compared to 27.87 mol/min/100 g at baseline. LCMR- glu in gray and white matter control areas was stable in white matter, correlations between neural activity and LC- MRglu have never been explicitly addressed
White Papers Submitted to the Technology Innovation Program
White Papers Submitted to the Technology Innovation Program interested parties to submit white papers describing an area of critical national need and how those needs-risk, high-reward R&D. White papers could discuss any area of critical national need of interest
Magee, Joseph W.
#12;White Salmon Subbasin Plan 5/28/2004 Prepared for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council Rawding, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Heather Simmons-Rigdon, Yakama Nation White Nation, Steve VanderPloeg, WDFW, Lee VanTussenbrook, WDFW, and Joe Zendt, Yakama Nation White Salmon
THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 30, 2013 President for Scholars Laura Paulson Member, Committee for the Preservation of the White House Quyen D. Chu Member of Minnesota. Laura Paulson, Appointee for Member, Committee for the Preservation of the White House Laura
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
White LED with High Package Extraction Efficiency
The goal of this project is to develop a high efficiency phosphor converting (white) Light Emitting Diode (pcLED) 1-Watt package through an increase in package extraction efficiency. A transparent/translucent monolithic phosphor is proposed to replace the powdered phosphor to reduce the scattering caused by phosphor particles. Additionally, a multi-layer thin film selectively reflecting filter is proposed between blue LED die and phosphor layer to recover inward yellow emission. At the end of the project we expect to recycle approximately 50% of the unrecovered backward light in current package construction, and develop a pcLED device with 80 lm/W{sub e} using our technology improvements and commercially available chip/package source. The success of the project will benefit luminous efficacy of white LEDs by increasing package extraction efficiency. In most phosphor-converting white LEDs, the white color is obtained by combining a blue LED die (or chip) with a powdered phosphor layer. The phosphor partially absorbs the blue light from the LED die and converts it into a broad green-yellow emission. The mixture of the transmitted blue light and green-yellow light emerging gives white light. There are two major drawbacks for current pcLEDs in terms of package extraction efficiency. The first is light scattering caused by phosphor particles. When the blue photons from the chip strike the phosphor particles, some blue light will be scattered by phosphor particles. Converted yellow emission photons are also scattered. A portion of scattered light is in the backward direction toward the die. The amount of this backward light varies and depends in part on the particle size of phosphors. The other drawback is that yellow emission from phosphor powders is isotropic. Although some backward light can be recovered by the reflector in current LED packages, there is still a portion of backward light that will be absorbed inside the package and further converted to heat. Heat generated in the package may cause a deterioration of encapsulant materials, affecting the performance of both the LED die and phosphor, leading to a decrease in the luminous efficacy over lifetime. Recent studies from research groups at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found that, under the condition to obtain a white light, about 40% of the light is transmitted outward of the phosphor layer and 60% of the light is reflected inward.1,2 It is claimed that using scattered photon extraction (SPE) technique, luminous efficacy is increased by 60%. In this project, a transparent/translucent monolithic phosphor was used to replace the powdered phosphor layer. In the normal pcLED package, the powdered phosphor is mixed with silicone either to be deposited on the top of LED die forming a chip level conversion (CLC) white LED or to be casted in the package forming a volume conversion white LED. In the monolithic phosphors there are no phosphor powder/silicone interfaces so it can reduce the light scattering caused by phosphor particles. Additionally, a multi-layer thin film selectively reflecting filter is inserted in the white LED package between the blue LED die and phosphor layer. It will selectively transmit the blue light from the LED die and reflect the phosphor's yellow inward emission outward. The two technologies try to recover backward light to the outward direction in the pcLED package thereby improving the package extraction efficiency.
Yi Zheng; Matthew Stough
White Nose, (Post) Bawdy Bodies and the Un/dancing Sexy Jewess
things: Jewish apathy in America (white guilt) is dead and aKaren. How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says AboutMatter of Whiteness. � In White, 1-40. London and New York:
Schwadron, Hannah Sarah
2005 Double white lines on bills of Razorbill 103 DOUBLE WHITE LINES ON THE BILL OF THE
2005 Double white lines on bills of Razorbill 103 DOUBLE WHITE LINES ON THE BILL OF THE RAZORBILL.L., MUZAFFAR S.B. & JONES I.L. Lavers J.L., Muzaffar S.B. & Jones I.L. 2006. Double white lines on the bill Seabirds 7(3): 103-108. One of the diagnostic features of the Razorbill Alca torda is the distinct white
Jones, Ian L.
The hydraulic jump as a white hole
In the geometry of the circular hydraulic jump, the velocity of the liquid in the interior region exceeds the speed of capillary-gravity waves (ripplons), whose spectrum is `relativistic' in the shallow water limit. The velocity flow is radial and outward, and thus the relativistic ripplons cannot propagating into the interior region. In terms of the effective 2+1 dimensional Painleve-Gullstrand metric appropriate for the propagating ripplons, the interior region imitates the white hole. The hydraulic jump represents the physical singularity at the white-hole horizon. The instability of the vacuum in the ergoregion inside the circular hydraulic jump and its observation in recent experiments on superfluid 4He by E. Rolley, C. Guthmann, M.S. Pettersen and C. Chevallier in physics/0508200 are discussed.
G. E. Volovik
Antonia White: no role for women writers
of the "affectations" of pretty women, who define themselves by feminine stereotypes (125). White expresses her disapproval of gender stereotypes in her novels; at times she portrays stereotypically feminine and masculine characters--notably Isabel and Archie... out that by identifying with the Church women are identifying with men, making themselves instruments for their own oppression; as Isabel comments, "Of course [the Catholic church] is run by men" ( The Lost Traveller 122). And men make the most...
Witt, Amanda Beth
Polymer OLED White Light Development Program
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors (OSRAM) successfully completed development, fabrication and characterization of the large area, polymer based white light OLED prototype at their OLED Research and Development (R&D) facility in San Jose, CA. The program, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), consisted of three key objectives: (1) Develop new polymer materials and device architectures--in order to improve the performance of organic light emitters. (2) Develop processing techniques--in order to demonstrate and enable the manufacturing of large area, white light and color tunable, solid state light sources. (3) Develop new electronics and driving schemes for organic light sources, including color-tunable light sources. The key performance goals are listed. A world record efficiency of 25 lm/W was established for the solution processed white organic device from the significant improvements made during the project. However, the challenges to transfer this technology from an R&D level to a large tile format such as, the robustness of the device and the coating uniformity of large area panels, remain. In this regard, the purity and the blend nature of the materials are two factors that need to be addressed in future work. During the first year, OSRAM's Materials and Device group (M&D) worked closely with the major polymer material suppliers to develop the polymer emissive technology. M&D was successful in demonstrating a 7-8 lm/W white light source which was based on fluorescent materials. However, it became apparent that the major gains in efficiency could only be made if phosphorescent materials were utilized. Thus, in order to improve the performance of the resulting devices, the focus of the project shifted towards development of solution-processable phosphorescent light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) and device architectures. The result is a higher efficiency than the outlined project milestone.
Homer Antoniadis; Vi-En Choong; Stelios Choulis; Brian Cumpston; Rahul Gupta; Mathew Mathai; Michael Moyer; Franky So
Low Voltage White Phosphorescent OLED Achievements
Universal Display Corporation (UDC) and its research partners at Princeton University and the University of Southern California have succeeded in developing a white phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED�) that achieved a record efficiency of 20 lumens per watt. This achievement is the result of the team's collaborative efforts to increase the efficiency of PHOLED lighting by focusing on two critical factors: lowering the drive voltages and increasing the amount of light extracted.
1/23/07 White House...
2307 White House Office Of Communications T T w w e e n n t t y y I I n n T T e e n n : : S S t t r r e e n n g g t t h h e e n n i i n n g g A A m m e e r r i i c c a a ' ' s s E...
HTGR Mechanistic Source Terms White Paper
The primary purposes of this white paper are: (1) to describe the proposed approach for developing event specific mechanistic source terms for HTGR design and licensing, (2) to describe the technology development programs required to validate the design methods used to predict these mechanistic source terms and (3) to obtain agreement from the NRC that, subject to appropriate validation through the technology development program, the approach for developing event specific mechanistic source terms is acceptable
Wayne Moe
Analytical determination of PID coefficients for temperature and humidity control during cooling and dehumidifying by compressor and evaporator fan speed variation
A linearized analysis of temperature and relative humidity control using proportional-integral-differential (PID) controls to vary compressor motor speed and evaporator fan speed enables analytical determination of suitable PID coefficients. The PID coefficients are related to refrigeration system performance parameters and the volume of the conditioned space. Analytical determination of coefficients may eliminate or supplement trial-and-error methods. System response characteristics--damping ratios and periods--are related to PID coefficients, sampling intervals, performance parameters of a refrigeration system, and the volume of a conditioned space. Two control strategies are possible in order to control space temperature and relative humidity simultaneously. One strategy controls temperature by varying compressor speed and controls relative humidity by varying evaporator fan speed. The other strategy controls temperature by varying evaporator fan speed and controls relative humidity by varying compressor fan speed The first strategy was successfully implemented experimentally as well as by simulation. The second strategy was not successfully implemented due to an adverse interaction between the two control systems.
White Pine in the Northern Forests: An Ecological and Management History of White Pine on the Bad River Reservation of Wisconsin
White Pine in the Northern Forests: An Ecological and Management History of White Pine on the Bad-ADAMS, NANCY LANGSTON, AND DAVID J.MLADENOFF white pine inthe northern forests: AN ECOLOGICAL AND MANAGEMENTHISTORY OF WHITE PINE ON THE BAD RIVERRESERVATIONOF WISCONSIN ABSTRACT This essay examines eastern white
Langston, Nancy
The White Dwarf -- White Dwarf galactic background in the LISA data
LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is a proposed space mission, which will use coherent laser beams exchanged between three remote spacecraft to detect and study low-frequency cosmic gravitational radiation. In the low-part of its frequency band, the LISA strain sensitivity will be dominated by the incoherent superposition of hundreds of millions of gravitational wave signals radiated by inspiraling white-dwarf binaries present in our own galaxy. In order to estimate the magnitude of the LISA response to this background, we have simulated a synthesized population that recently appeared in the literature. We find the amplitude of the galactic white-dwarf binary background in the LISA data to be modulated in time, reaching a minimum equal to about twice that of the LISA noise for a period of about two months around the time when the Sun-LISA direction is roughly oriented towards the Autumn equinox. Since the galactic white-dwarfs background will be observed by LISA not as a stationary but rather as a cyclostationary random process with a period of one year, we summarize the theory of cyclostationary random processes, present the corresponding generalized spectral method needed to characterize such process, and make a comparison between our analytic results and those obtained by applying our method to the simulated data. We find that, by measuring the generalized spectral components of the white-dwarf background, LISA will be able to infer properties of the distribution of the white-dwarfs binary systems present in our Galaxy.
Jeffrey A. Edlund; Massimo Tinto; Andrzej Krolak; Gijs Nelemans
compressors. China is the largest solar water heaterannual production of solar water heaters in China reached 49Solar Water Heating Systems (GB 26969-2011) will have significant effects in helping related industries in China
Search for Higgs shifts in white dwarfs
We report on a search for differential shifts between electronic and vibronic transitions in carbon-rich white dwarfs BPM 27606 and Procyon B. The absence of differential shifts within the spectral resolution and taking into account systematic effects such as space motion and pressure shifts allows us to set the first upper bound of astrophysical origin on the coupling between the Higgs field and the Kreschmann curvature invariant. Our analysis provides the basis for a more general methodology to derive bounds to the coupling of long-range scalar fields to curvature invariants in an astrophysical setting complementary to the ones available from high-energy physics or table-top experiments.
Roberto Onofrio; Gary A. Wegner
Technical White Papers | Department of Energy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up from theDepartment of Energy Technical Evaluation ofRulemaking | DepartmentWhite
Whites Renewable Energy | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperative Jump to:Westview,Geothermal Project JumpOpen67308°,Whitehouse,Whites
Whiting, Vermont: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia:FAQ < RAPID Jump to:SeadovCooperative Jump to:Westview,Geothermal ProjectWhiteside County,WhitfieldWhiting,
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia, NREL Release Wave EnergyLinks Water PowerWaveDynEFRCOverviewWhite
Black and White Sociology: Segregation of the Discipline
Sociologists UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UHR Universal Human Rights UN United Nations UNIC Universal Negro Improvement Center WRF White Racial Frame WSF White Sociological Frame x TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT... with The Philadelphia Negro (1899), Du Bois demonstrated the urban landscape of the color line, noting segregated black and white neighborhoods and social institutions, like schools, churches, hospitals, social clubs and businesses. The color line in society that Du...
Elias, Sean
New Efficiency Record Achieved for White OLED Device
Osram Opto-Semiconductors, Inc. has successfully demonstrated a white organic light emitting diode (OLED) with a record efficiency of 25 lumens per watt, the highest known efficiency achieved to date for a polymer-based white OLED. The 25 LPW cool-white-emitting device was produced by applying a standard external inorganic phosphor to Osram's record-breaking blue-emitting phosphorescent polymer device with a peak luminous efficacy of 14 LPW.
2012 White Book, Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study
The White Book is a planning analysis produced by BPA that informs BPA of its load and resource conditions for sales and purchases. The White Book provides a 10-year look at the expected obligations and resources in the Federal system and PNW region. The White Book is used as a planning tool for the Columbia River Treaty (Treaty) studies, as an information tool for customers and regional interests, and as a publication of information utilized by other planning entities for their analyses. The White Book is not used to guide day-to-day operations of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) or determine BPA revenues or rates.
Organic-Inorganic Hetero Junction White Light Emitting Diode.
?? The purpose of this thesis work is to design and fabricates organic-inorganic hetero junction White Light Emitting Diode (WLED). In this WLED, inorganic material� (more)
Lubuna Beegum, Shafeek
White House Announces New Executive Order To Reduce Greenhouse...
the next decade (from 2008 levels) and increase the share of electricity the federal government consumes from renewable sources to 30%. According to the White House, the...
ESPC Success Story - Food and Drug Administration (FDA) White...
(FDA) White Oak Campus espcsswhiteoak.pdf More Documents & Publications Energy Savings Performance Contract Success Stories ESPC Sucess Story - Harold Washington...
ORISE: White paper analyzes Deepwater Horizon event for improving...
Horizon and Nuclear and Radiological Incidents: Common Challenges and Solutions White paper analyzes Deepwater Horizon response, identifies approaches for radiological or...
Department Release New Report on Resiliency of Electric Grid During Natural Disasters White House Council of Economic Advisers and Energy Department Release New Report on...
White-Etching Crack Failure Overview, Tomography Analysis, and...
White-Etching Crack Failure Overview, Tomography Analysis, and Test Development Presented by Aaron Greco of Argonne National Laboratory at the Wind Turbine Tribology Seminar 2014....
INVESTIGATIO N AT THE SANFORD LAB IN LEAD, SOOT DAKOTA Reference: Letter, from V. White to M. Weis, dated October 8, 2013, Subject: NEPA Environmental Evaluation Notification...
Investigation of White Etching Crack (WEC) Formation Mechanisms...
Investigation of White Etching Crack (WEC) Formation Mechanisms Under Non-hydrogen Charged Test Conditions Presented by Alex Richardson, Afton Chemical (representing University of...
White House Women's Leadership Summit on Climate and Energy recognizes...
is an energy policy scientist in Argonne's Decision and Information Sciences division. White House Women's Leadership Summit on Climate and Energy recognizes Argonne scientists By...
White River Valley Electric Cooperative- Energy Efficiency Rebate Program
The residential and commercial appliance and heating rebate program encourages members to purchase Energy Star equipment that qualifies under the White River energy efficiency program. Items...
1L 60510 Dear Ms. White: SUBJECT: NATIUNAL ENVIRONMENTA L POLICY ACT (NEPA) DETERMINATIO N AT FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY (FERMlLAB) - NEPESE MARSH UPGRADES Reference:...
SMALL MAGNET PROTOTYPE AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Reference: Letter, from V. White to M. Weis, dated December 5, 2013, Subject: National Environmental Policy Act Environmental...
Energy Supplier Obligations and White Certificate Schemes: Comparative...
Supplier Obligations and White Certificate Schemes: Comparative Analysis of Results in the European Union Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Energy Supplier...
Investigations of Bearing Failures Associated with White Etching...
of Bearing Failures Associated with White Etching Areas (irWEAs) in Wind Turbine Gearboxes Presented by Bob Errichello of GEARTECH at the Wind Turbine Tribology...
Food and Drug Administration White Oak Campus Environmental Stewardshi...
FEMP ESPC Success Story on water conservation and green energy at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) White Oak Campus. espcsswhiteoak.pdf More Documents & Publications Energy...
A White Book on Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and
A White Book on Smart Grid Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical............................................................................................................................4 2. Definition of Smart Grid........................................................................................................5 3. Smart Grid Structure
Theory of Neutrinos: a White Paper
During 2004, four divisions of the American Physical Society commissioned a study of neutrino physics to take stock of where the field is at the moment and where it is going in the near and far future. Several working groups looked at various aspects of this vast field. The summary was published as a main report entitled ''The Neutrino Matrix'' accompanied by short 50 page versions of the report of each working group. Theoretical research in this field has been quite extensive and touches many areas and the short 50 page report [1] provided only a brief summary and overview of few of the important points. The theory discussion group felt that it may be of value to the community to publish the entire study as a white paper and the result is the current article. After a brief overview of the present knowledge of neutrino masses and mixing and some popular ways to probe the new physics implied by recent data, the white paper summarizes what can be learned about physics beyond the Standard Model from the various proposed neutrino experiments. It also comments on the impact of the experiments on our understanding of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe and the basic nature of neutrino interactions as well as the existence of possible additional neutrinos. Extensive references to original literature are provided.
Mohapatra, R.N.; Antusch, S.; Babu, K.S.; Barenboim, G.; Chen, Mu-Chun; Davidson, S.; de Gouvea, A.; de Holanda, P.; Dutta, Bhaskar; Grossman, Y.; Joshipura, A.; Kayser,; Kersten, J.; Keum, Y.Y.; King, S.F.; Langacker, P.; Lindner, M.; Loinaz, W.; Masina, I.; Mocioiu, I.; Mohanty, S.; /Maryland U. /Madrid, Autonoma U. /Southampton U. /Oklahoma
Theory of neutrinos: A White paper
Theory of Neutrinos: A White Paper
During 2004, four divisions of the American Physical Society commissioned a study of neutrino physics to take stock of where the field is at the moment and where it is going in the near and far future. Several working groups looked at various aspects of this vast field. The summary was published as a main report entitled ``The Neutrino Matrix'' accompanied by short 50 page versions of the report of each working group. Theoretical research in this field has been quite extensive and touches many areas and the short 50 page report provided only a brief summary and overview of few of the important points. The theory discussion group felt that it may be of value to the community to publish the entire study as a white paper and the result is the current article. After a brief overview of the present knowledge of neutrino masses and mixing and some popular ways to probe the new physics implied by recent data, the white paper summarizes what can be learned about physics beyond the Standard Model from the various proposed neutrino experiments. It also comments on the impact of the experiments on our understanding of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe and the basic nature of neutrino interactions as well as the existence of possible additional neutrinos. Extensive references to original literature are provided.
R. N. Mohapatra; S. Antusch; K. S. Babu; G. Barenboim; M. -C. Chen; S. Davidson; A. de Gouvea; P. de Holanda; B. Dutta; Y. Grossman; A. Joshipura; B. Kayser; J. Kersten; Y. Y. Keum; S. F. King; P. Langacker; M. Lindner; W. Loinaz; I. Masina; I. Mocioiu; S. Mohanty; H. Murayama; S. Pascoli; S. T. Petcov; A. Pilaftsis; P. Ramond; M. Ratz; W. Rodejohann; R. Shrock; T. Takeuchi; T. Underwood; L. Wolfenstein
Freak waves in white dwarfs and magnetars
We report properties of ion acoustic freak waves that propagate in a plasma composed of warm ions and ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons. The dynamics of the nonlinear freak waves is governed by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The possible region for the freak waves to exist is defined precisely for typical parameters of white dwarfs and magnetars corona. It is found that for low wave number, the nonlinear ion-acoustic wave packets are structurally stable in magnetars corona than in white dwarfs. However, for large wave numbers the situation is opposite. The critical wave number threshold (k{sub c}), which indicates where the modulational instability sets in, is defined for both applications. It is seen that near to k{sub c} the freak wave amplitude becomes high, but it decreases whenever we stepped away from k{sub c}. For the wave numbers close to k{sub c}, the increase of the unperturbed density ratio of positrons-to-electrons ({beta}) would lead to increase the freak wave amplitude, but for larger wave numbers the amplitude decreases with the increase of {beta}.
Sabry, R. [Theoretical Physics Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517 (Egypt); Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj (Saudi Arabia); International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany); Moslem, W. M. [International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said (Egypt); Centre for Theoretical Physics, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouk City, Cairo (Egypt); Shukla, P. K. [International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany); Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (United States)
White House Conference on Global Climate Change
President Clinton has directed the White House office on Environmental Policy to coordinate an interagency process to develop a plan to fulfill the commitment he made in his Earth Day address on April 21, 1993. This plan will become the cornerstone of the Climate Change Plan that will be completed shortly after the Rio Accord enters into force. The Office on Environmental Policy established the Interagency Climate Change Mitigation Group to draw on the expertise of federal agencies including the National Economic Council; the Council of Economic Advisors; the Office of Science and Technology Policy; the Office of Management and Budget; the National Security Council; the Domestic Policy Council; the Environmental Protection Agency; and the Departments of Energy, Transportation, Agriculture, Interior, Treasury, Commerce, and State. Working groups have been established to examine six key policy areas: energy demand, energy supply, joint implementation, methane and other gases, sinks, and transportation. The purpose of the White House Conference on Global Climate Change was to ``tap the real-world experiences`` of diverse participants and seek ideas and information for meeting the President`s goals. During the opening session, senior administration officials defined the challenge ahead and encouraged open and frank conversation about the best possible ways to meet it.
Not Available
White dwarf atmosphere models with Ly-$?$ opacity in the analysis of the white dwarf cooling sequence of NGC 6397
We discuss the importance of pure hydrogen white dwarf atmosphere models with Ly-$\\rm \\alpha$ far red wing opacity in the analysis of the white dwarf cooling sequence of the globular cluster NGC 6397. Our recently improved atmosphere models account for the previously missing opacity from the Ly-$\\rm \\alpha$ hydrogen line broadened by collisions of the absorbing hydrogen atoms with molecular and atomic hydrogen. These models are the first that well reproduce the UV colors and spectral energy distributions of cool white dwarfs with $T_{\\rm eff}white dwarf cooling sequence using atmosphere models that do not include the correct Ly-$\\alpha$ opacity is underestimated by $\\sim 0.5$ Gyr. Our analysis shows that it is essential to use white dwarf atmosphere models with Ly-$\\rm \\alpha$ opacity for precise dating of old stellar populations from white dwarf cooling sequences.
Piotr M. Kowalski
100 LPW 800 Lm Warm White LED
An illumination grade warm white (WW) LED, having correlated color temperature (CCT) between 2800 K and 3500K and capable of producing 800 lm output at 100 lm/W, has been developed in this program. The high power WW LED is an ideal source for use as replacement for incandescent, and Halogen reflector and general purpose lamps of similar lumen value. Over the two year period, we have made following accomplishments: developed a high power warm white LED product and made over 50% improvements in light output and efficacy. The new high power WW LED product is a die on ceramic surface mountable LED package. It has four 1x1 mm{sup 2} InGaN pump dice flip chip attached to a ceramic submount in 2x2 array, covered by warm white phosphor ceramic platelets called Lumiramic�?� and an overmolded silicone lens encapsulating the LED array. The performance goal was achieved through breakthroughs in following key areas: (1) High efficiency pump LED development through pump LED active region design and epi growth quality improvement (funded by internal programs). (2) Increase in injection efficiency (IE) represented by reduction in forward voltage (V{sub f}) through the improvement of the silver-based p-contact and a reduction in spreading resistance. The injection efficiency was increased from 80% at the start of the program to 96% at the end of the program at 700 mA/mm{sup 2}. (3) Improvement in thermal design as represented by reduction in thermal resistance from junction to case, through improvement of the die to submount connection in the thin film flip chip (TFFC) LED and choosing the submount material of high thermal conductivity. A thermal resistance of 1.72 K/W was demonstrated for the high power LED package. (4) Improvement in extraction efficiency from the LED package through improvement of InGaN die level and package level optical extraction efficiency improvement. (5) Improvement in phosphor system efficiency by improving the lumen equivalent (LE) and phosphor package efficiency (PPE) through improvement in phosphor-package interactions. Another achievement in the development of the phosphor integration technology is the demonstration of tight color control. The high power WW LED product developed has been proven to have good reliability. The manufacturing of the product will be done in Philips Lumileds�?? LUXEON Rebel production line which has produced billions of high power LEDs. The first high power WW LED product will be released to the market in 2011.
Decai Sun
Remyelination failure following white matter stroke: new targets for repair identified by oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transcriptome database.
Differences between White Matter Stroke and Immune-mediated32 White Matter Stroke �������������������..��������� 3343 � 97 White Matter Stroke Model Using the Vasoconstrictive
Sozmen, Elif Guler
White Paper: CA and Microsoft for Interoperable, Secure Web Business
White Paper: CA and Microsoft for Interoperable, Secure Web Business Enablement Author: Dave, and improve outreach to business partners and customers. This white paper reviews how solutions from CA (CA SiteMinder, CA Federation Manager) and Microsoft (Active Directory Federation Services (formerly code
Narasayya, Vivek
White noise distribution theory for the Fermion system
In this paper, we give the white noise calculus for the Fermion system and prove the Fock expansion. Each continuous linear operator on Fermionic white noise functionals is uniquely represented by the series of integral kernel operators. This series is called the Fock expansion.
Yoshihito Shimada
2013 White Book, Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (summary)
The 2013 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (2013 White Book) is BPA's latest projection of the Pacific Northwest regional retail loads, contract obligations, contract purchases, and resource capabilities. The 2013 White Book is a snapshot of conditions as of October 1, 2013, documenting the loads and resources for the Federal system and region for the 10-year study period OY 2014 through 2023. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). Starting with the 2012 White Book, BPA changed the annual production schedule for future White Books. BPA is scheduled to publish a complete White Book, which includes a Federal System Needs Assessment analysis, every other year (even years). In the odd-numbered years, BPA will publish a biennial summary update (Supplement) that only contains major changes to the Federal System and Regional System analyses that have occurred since the last White Book. http://www.bpa.gov/power/pgp/whitebook/2013/index.shtml.
Introduction One of the challenges of white potato production, as
Introduction One of the challenges of white potato production, as with any crop, is the efficient-textured, low-organic matter soils common to the Eastern Shore, the premier potato-producing region in Virginia. These factors make the appropriate N rate and N application timing critical for successful white potato
Liskiewicz, Maciej
a microsoft white paper Drilling for new Business Value
a microsoft white paper Drilling for new Business Value How innovative oil and gas companies Perez, Enterprise Architect, Microsoft #12;a microsoft white paper Drilling for new B usiness Value 2 for new B usiness Value 3 executive summary as the buzz about big data makes the leap from technology
Bernstein, Phil
www.nasa.gov WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE ACCESS CAPABILITIES
and missile launch, tracking, and recovery · Nuclear effects testing · High-speed sled track · Directed energy weapons testing · Climatic and dynamic environments testing · Atmospheric research · Electronicwww.nasa.gov WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE ACCESS CAPABILITIES SUMMARY White Sands Test Facility (WSTF
SOUTH DAKOTA a1/-F c ) o o ~ 0 EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF WHITE BASS IN LAKE POINSETT South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks Wildlife Division Joe Foss Building Pierre, South Dakota 57501 OF WHITE BASS IN LAKE POINSETT 1999 Statewide Fisheries Investigations Completion Report by H. Denise Beck
SNOUT DIMORPHISM IN WHITE STURGEON, ACIPENSER TRANSMONTANUS, FROM THE COLUMBIA RIVER AT HANFORD and adult white sturgeon in the Hanford reach of the Columbia River. Materials and Methods Sturgeon were not been reported in other areas of the species range. The occurrence of this dimorphism at Hanford may
Porting the .NET Micro Framework A Microsoft Technical White Paper
Porting the .NET Micro Framework A Microsoft Technical White Paper December 10, 2007 AbstractShow-capable devices to port the .NET Micro Framework to new hardware platforms. This white paper introduces the .NET Micro Framework architecture with a view toward porting it to a new hardware platform. It then discusses
Hunt, Galen
Maximum mass of magnetic white dwarfs
We revisit in this work the problem of the maximum masses of magnetized White Dwarfs (WD). The impact of a strong magnetic field onto the structure equations is addressed. The pressures become anisotropic due to the presence of the magnetic field and split into a parallel and perpendicular components. We first construct stable solutions of TOV equations for the parallel pressures, and found that physical solutions vanish for the perpendicular pressure when $B \\gtrsim 10^{13}$ G. This fact establishes an upper bound for a magnetic field and the stability of the configurations in the (quasi) spherical approximation. Our findings also indicate that it is not possible to obtain stable magnetized WD with super Chandrasekhar masses because the values of the magnetic field needed for them are higher than this bound. To proceed into the anisotropic regime, we derived structure equations appropriated for a cylindrical metric with anisotropic pressures. From the solutions of the structure equations in cylindrical symme...
Paret, D Manreza; Horvath, J E
White Paper on Closer Integration of IDV and McIDAS-V This White Paper presents a series of recommendations to more closely align the development
White Paper on Closer Integration of IDV and McIDAS-V Abstract: This White Paper presents a series's next generation operational satellite programs and from fees collected from the MUG members. This White benefit. This White Paper asserts that by working together, the two projects can combine their talent
PICS White Paper Guidelines PICS white papers are solutions-oriented reports of approximately 5,000 words in length that explore, in-
PICS White Paper Guidelines PICS white papers are solutions-oriented reports of approximately 5 the provincial government or as the result of a PICS initiated or independent proposal. Purpose PICS white papers. The white paper series aims to: · increase awareness and understanding of specific climate-related problems
Pedersen, Tom
Debris Disks Around White Dwarfs: The DAZ Connection
We present near-infrared spectroscopic observations of 20 previously known DAZ white dwarfs obtained at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. Two of these white dwarfs (G29-38 and GD362) are known to display significant K-band excesses due to circumstellar debris disks. Here we report the discovery of excess K-band radiation from another DAZ white dwarf, WD0408-041 (GD56). Using spectroscopic observations, we show that the excess radiation cannot be explained by a stellar or substellar companion, and is likely to be caused by a warm debris disk. Our observations strengthen the connection between the debris disk phenomena and the observed metal abundances in cool DAZ white dwarfs. However, we do not find any excess infrared emission from the most metal rich DAZs with $T_{\\rm eff}=$ 16000 -- 20000 K. This suggests that the metal abundances in warmer DAZ white dwarfs may require another explanation.
Mukremin Kilic; Ted von Hippel; S. K. Leggett; D. E. Winget
The white dwarf luminosity function. I. Statistical errors and alternatives
Over the years, several methods have been proposed to compute galaxy luminosity functions, from the most simple ones -counting sample objects inside a given volume- to very sophisticated ones -like the C- method, the STY method or the Choloniewski method, among others. However, only the V/Vmax method is usually employed in computing the white dwarf luminosity function and other methods have not been applied so far to the observational sample of spectroscopically identified white dwarfs. Moreover, the statistical significance of the white dwarf luminosity function has also received little attention and a thorough study still remains to be done. In this paper we study, using a controlled synthetic sample of white dwarfs generated using a Monte Carlo simulator, which is the statistical significance of the white dwarf luminosity function and which are the expected biases. We also present a comparison between different estimators for computing the white dwarf luminosity function. We find that for sample sizes large enough the V/Vmax method provides a reliable characterization of the white dwarf luminosity function, provided that the input sample is selected carefully. Particularly, the V/Vmax method recovers well the position of the cut-off of the white dwarf luminosity function. However, this method turns out to be less robust than the Choloniewski method when the possible incompletenesses of the sample are taken into account. We also find that the Choloniewski method performs better than the V/Vmax method in estimating the overall density of white dwarfs, but misses the exact location of the cut-off of the white dwarf luminosity function.
E. M. Geijo; S. Torres; J. Isern; E. Garcia-Berro
Microsoft PowerPoint - 12 Holman White PM Conference 2010 Rev...
2 Holman White PM Conference 2010 Rev 2 revised Microsoft PowerPoint - 12 Holman White PM Conference 2010 Rev 2 revised Microsoft PowerPoint - 12 Holman White PM Conference 2010...
White Kids: Identity Construction, Critical Mass, and Symbolic Exclusion in High School Cliques and other Groups
J. R. , & Vera, H. (1995). White Racism: The Basics. NewH. , & Batur, H. (2001). White racism. New York: Routledge.Gallagher, C. (1997). White racial formation: Into the
Lueck, Kerstin; Steffen, Hayley
Intersectionality and the Perpetuation of White Male Power through Interracial Sexual Violence
The purpose of this dissertation research is to investigate the reactions and attitudes of white men, white women, black men, and black women to the sexual violence of enslaved black women carried out by white men. Using an intersectional approach...
Feinstein, Rachel Anne
White fibrous papulosis of the neck: The first South American case
PubMed ] 13. Wang DG, Zhu WY. White fibrous papulosis of the14. Kim HS,Yu DS,Kim JW. White fibrous papulosis of theS, Harada T, Nishikawa T. White fibrous papulosis of the
Love isn't always black and white: understanding black-white interracial couples, their challenges, and their dyadic communication
of their privileged position in society, whites life situations had never had necessitated that they learn about the black co-culture. The black partners also reported seeing the white community differently by understanding the nuances of racism at a deeper level...
Wilson, Misty Michelle
Traffic Light Protocol: WHITE Traffic Light Protocol: WHITE (information may be distributed without restriction, subject to copyright controls.)
the event for their gain. The Threats: Internet watch groups and cyber security experts have already potential cyber threats please visit the Center for Internet Security website at CISecurity.org. #12;Traffic Light Protocol: WHITE Traffic Light Protocol: WHITE (information may be distributed without
Thomas, Andrew
Performance Evaluation of A Household Refrigerator Using Cuo Nanoparticle Lubricant Mixture and Various Other Compressor Oils with Different Condenser Modes
Abstract:- The objective of this paper was to study the performance of household refrigerator having both air and water-cooled condenser, with 0.06 % mass fraction CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture and different types of compressor oils. The experiment was done using HFC134a as the refrigerant, CuO nanoparticles, Polyol-ester oil (POE) oil which is used as the conventional lubricant in the household refrigerator and SUNISO 3GS mineral oil as the lubricant alternatively. The result indicates that the refrigerator performance had improved while using CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture. The performance was also improved when HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system was used instead of HFC134a/POE oil system and there was also an enhancement when water-cooled condenser was used instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser on all load conditions. The HFC134a/CuO/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system works normally and safely in the refrigerator. HFC134a/CuO/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system reduced the energy consumption between 12 % and 19 % when compared with the HFC134a/POE oil system and between 9 % and 14 % while working with water-cooled condenser on various load conditions. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture was used instead of POE oil as the lubricant. The water cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, along with the conventional air-cooled condenser by making a bypass line and thus the system can be utilized as a waste heat recovery unit. Experimental result shows that about 200 litres of hot water at a temperature of about 58�C over a day can be generated. Techno economic analysis shows that the installation cost and running cost of the waste heat recovery system for a day is much lower than that of a conventional
Sreejith. K
Responding to the Risk of White Shark Attack Updated Statistics, Prevention, Control
477 CHAPTER 31 Responding to the Risk of White Shark Attack Updated Statistics, Prevention, Control ................................................................................................................................... 478 White Shark Attack Statistics........................................................................................................ 479 Definition of Shark Attack
Klimley, A. Peter
E-Print Network 3.0 - acroporid white syndrome Sample Search...
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HASKELL & WHITE CORPORATE REPORTING & GOVERNANCE CONFERENCE SERIES Blending Theory with Practice
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cerebral white Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: atherosclerosis cerebral white Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Syrian Hamster model of...
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E-Print Network 3.0 - attenuate white matter Sample Search Results
white matter Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: attenuate white matter Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Parametric Transverse Relaxation...
E-Print Network 3.0 - arabidopsis immutans white Sample Search...
immutans white Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: arabidopsis immutans white Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Deletion of the...
White dwarfs in the European Galactic Plane Surveys (EGAPS)
The space density of white dwarfs is highly uncertain even nearby. This results from the fact that the known sample of white dwarfs is largely incomplete in part because most white dwarfs have been discovered as by-products in non-dedicated surveys. In order to obtain more accurate white dwarf space densities and scale heights we must build up a complete sample of white dwarfs. The European Galactic Plane Surveys (EGAPS) are the best database to search for white dwarfs as they will provide broad band (U, g', r', i') and narrow band (Halpha and HeI) measurements for one per cent of all the stars in the Galaxy. By looking at the Galactic Plane, where most stars are, we ensure that we are obtaining a complete sample. The space densities obtained from EGAPS can then be compared with those found in high latitude surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The methods used to identify white dwarfs using the colours available in EGAPS are described and some preliminary results presented.
L. Morales-Rueda; P. J. Groot; R. Napiwotzki; J. Drew; the EGAPS collaboration
The Mystery Deepens: Spitzer Observations of Cool White Dwarfs
We present 4.5$\\mu$m and 8$\\mu$m photometric observations of 18 cool white dwarfs obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our observations demonstrate that four white dwarfs with T_eff< 6000 K show slightly depressed mid-infrared fluxes relative to white dwarf models. In addition, another white dwarf with a peculiar optical and near-infrared spectral energy distribution (LHS 1126) is found to display significant flux deficits in Spitzer observations. These mid-infrared flux deficits are not predicted by the current white dwarf models including collision induced absorption due to molecular hydrogen. We postulate that either the collision induced absorption calculations are incomplete or there are other unrecognized physical processes occuring in cool white dwarf atmospheres. The spectral energy distribution of LHS 1126 surprisingly fits a Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum in the infrared, mimicking a hot white dwarf with effective temperature well in excess of 10$^5$ K. This implies that the source of this flux deficit is probably not molecular absorption but some other process.
Mukremin Kilic; Ted von Hippel; Fergal Mullally; William T. Reach; Marc J. Kuchner; D. E. Winget; Adam Burrows
Near-Infrared Photometric Analyses of White Dwarf Stars
We review the available near- and mid- infrared photometry data sets for white dwarfs from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Point Source Catalog and the Spitzer Space Telescope. These data sets have been widely used to search for white dwarfs with an infrared excess as well as to characterize the atmosphere of cool white dwarfs. We evaluate the reliability of the 2MASS photometry by performing a statistical comparison with published JHK CIT magnitudes, and by carrying out a detailed model atmosphere analysis of the available photometry. We then present a critical examination of various results published in the literature including data from the Spitzer Space Telescope.
P. -E. Tremblay; P. Bergeron
White Dwarfs in NGC 6791: Avoiding the Helium Flash
We propose that the anomalously bright white dwarf luminosity function observed in NGC 6791 (Bedin et al 2005) is the consequence of the formation of 0.5 Msun white dwarfs with Helium cores instead of Carbon cores. This may happen if mass loss during the ascent of the Red Giant Branch is strong enough to prevent a star from reaching the Helium flash. Such a model can explain the slower white dwarf cooling (relative to standard models) and fits naturally with scenarios advanced to explain Extreme Horizontal Branch stars, a population of which are also found in this cluster.
Brad Hansen
We announce the discovery of the most massive pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarf (WD) ever discovered, GD 518. Model atmosphere fits to the optical spectrum of this star show it is a 12, 030 {+-} 210 K WD with a log g =9.08 {+-} 0.06, which corresponds to a mass of 1.20 {+-} 0.03 M{sub Sun }. Stellar evolution models indicate that the progenitor of such a high-mass WD endured a stable carbon-burning phase, producing an oxygen-neon-core WD. The discovery of pulsations in GD 518 thus offers the first opportunity to probe the interior of a WD with a possible oxygen-neon core. Such a massive WD should also be significantly crystallized at this temperature. The star exhibits multi-periodic luminosity variations at timescales ranging from roughly 425 to 595 s and amplitudes up to 0.7%, consistent in period and amplitude with the observed variability of typical ZZ Ceti stars, which exhibit non-radial g-mode pulsations driven by a hydrogen partial ionization zone. Successfully unraveling both the total mass and core composition of GD 518 provides a unique opportunity to investigate intermediate-mass stellar evolution, and can possibly place an upper limit to the mass of a carbon-oxygen-core WD, which in turn constrains Type Ia supernovae progenitor systems.
Hermes, J. J.; Castanheira, Barbara G.; Winget, D. E.; Montgomery, M. H.; Harrold, Samuel T. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Kepler, S. O. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Gianninas, A. [Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019 (United States); Brown, Warren R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
White dwarf masses in cataclysmic variables
The white dwarf (WD) mass distribution of cataclysmic variables (CVs) has recently been found to dramatically disagree with the predictions of the standard CV formation model. The high mean WD mass among CVs is not imprinted in the currently observed sample of CV progenitors and cannot be attributed to selection effects. Two possibilities have been put forward: either the WD grows in mass during CV evolution, or in a significant fraction of cases, CV formation is preceded by a (short) phase of thermal time-scale mass transfer (TTMT) in which the WD gains a sufficient amount of mass. We investigate if either of these two scenarios can bring theoretical predictions and observations into agreement. We employed binary population synthesis models to simulate the present intrinsic CV population. We incorporated aspects specific to CV evolution such as an appropriate mass-radius relation of the donor star and a more detailed prescription for the critical mass ratio for dynamically unstable mass transfer. We also imp...
Wijnen, T P G; Schreiber, M R
Water Integration Project Science Strategies White Paper
This white paper has been prepared to document the approach to develop strategies to address Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) science and technology needs/uncertainties to support completion of INEEL Idaho Completion Project (Environmental Management [EM]) projects against the 2012 plan. Important Idaho Completion Project remediation and clean-up projects include the 2008 OU 10-08 Record of Decision, completion of EM by 2012, Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center Tanks, INEEL CERCLA Disposal Facility, and the Radioactive Waste Management Complex. The objective of this effort was to develop prioritized operational needs and uncertainties that would assist Operations in remediation and clean-up efforts at the INEEL and develop a proposed path forward for the development of science strategies to address these prioritized needs. Fifteen needs/uncertainties were selected to develop an initial approach to science strategies. For each of the 15 needs/uncertainties, a detailed definition was developed. This included extracting information from the past interviews with Operations personnel to provide a detailed description of the need/uncertainty. For each of the 15 prioritized research and development needs, a search was performed to identify the state of the associated knowledge. The knowledge search was performed primarily evaluating ongoing research. The ongoing research reviewed included Environmental Systems Research Analysis, Environmental Management Science Program, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Inland Northwest Research Alliance, United States Geological Survey, and ongoing Operations supported projects. Results of the knowledge search are documented as part of this document.
Alan K. Yonk
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Association of White Matter Hyperintensity Volume
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NextSTEPS White Paper: Three Routes Forward for Biofuels
NextSTEPS White Paper: Three Routes Forward for Biofuels: Incremental, Transitional, and Leapfrog NOT CITE #12;Three Routes Forward for Biofuels: Incremental, Transitional, and Leapfrog 2 Contents ......................................................................................................................................12 1.a. The Need for Low Carbon Biofuels
MOF Coating a Promising Path to White LEDs
(MOF); the structure was determined at Beamline 11.3.1. Coating a blue light-emitting diode (LED) with this compound readily generates white light with high luminous...
Lab White Paper Hitachi Unified Compute Platform (UCP)
Architectures for Private Clouds By Kerry Dolan, Lab Analyst February 2014 This ESG Lab White Paper Reference Architecture for Private Clouds 2 � 2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights? ....................................................................................................................... 4 Microsoft Private Cloud Fast Track
Chaudhuri, Surajit
Karen, White, Appeal of Honeywell International, Inc. ASBCA No...
c e - E x c e l l e n c e Appeal of Honeywell International, Inc. ASBCA No. 57779 Karen White Staff Attorney USAF Utility Law Field Support Center 1 Case Background n In July...
jp .I- 2414 FSO ScytE l ..J ztna FSO Bollina Reference: Letter, from V. White to M. Weis, dated January 30, 2014, Subject: National Environmental Policy Act...
White County REMC- Residential Geothermal Heat Pump Rebate Program
White County REMC offers incentives for the purchase and installation of energy efficient heat pumps. Air-source heat pumps are eligible for a rebate of $300, while geothermal heat pumps are...
White House Solar Champions of Change- Watch Now
On April 17, 2014 the White House honored solar energy deployment Champions of Change from across the United States. The honorees include several current and former SunShot awardees.
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