text:
Pore-free rubber articles are prepared by dip-molding in a dipping medium that includes a vulcanizing agent, then by immersing the dip former in a heated liquid bath that is chemically inert. A particularly effective liquid bath is molten inorganic salt. In addition, the tensile properties of an article of vulcanized rubber can be improved to an unusually effective degree by immersing the already vulcanized article in a solution of a vulcanizing agent to cause the rubber of the article to absorb or imbibe the vulcanizing agent from the solution, and then immersing the rubber and the imbibed vulcanizing agent in a heated liquid bath to increase the degree of vulcanization.
1. A dip-molded article of a rubber that is substantially pore-free, formed by a process comprising:
(a) dipping a forming member in a latex comprising
(i) a rubber-forming substance and
(ii) a vulcanizing agent, said forming member having an outer surface with a contour complementary to that of said article;
(b) withdrawing said forming member from said latex in such a manner as to leave a film of said latex over said outer surface;
(c) immersing said forming member with said latex thereon in a chemically inert liquid bath at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to cause vulcanization of said rubber-forming substance by said vulcanizing agent; and
(d) withdrawing said forming member from said liquid bath and separating said substantially pore-free article of rubber from said forming member.
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This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/357,639, filed Feb. 3, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,775,848, which is a division of application Ser. No. 09/547,366, filed Apr. 11, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,375 B1.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention lies in the field of rubber articles, particularly those formed by dip-molding. In particular, this invention addresses methods of vulcanization of dip-molded rubber articles.
2. Background of the Invention
Natural rubber latex has been extensively used as a material of construction for elastomeric dip-molded medical devices and medical device components. Examples of medical devices and components made from natural rubber latex are surgical gloves, examination gloves, finger cots, catheter balloons, uterine thermal ablation balloons, catheter cuffs, condoms, contraceptive diaphragms, indwelling urinary drainage catheters, and male external urinary drainage catheters. Other examples will be apparent to those skilled in medicine and in the manufacture and use of these and similar medical devices. Dip-molding techniques are also used in making elastomeric devices non-medical uses. These include toy balloons, industrial gloves, household gloves, and other similar devices. These devices, both medical and non-medical, can also be formed from synthetic rubber latex materials rather than natural rubber. In some cases, synthetic materials are preferred, for example where natural rubber is deemed unsuitable for some reason or where the synthetic material offers an advantage.
In latex dip-molding processes, dip formers are dipped in a latex bath, then withdrawn from the bath, dried in hot air, and vulcanized in hot air. In some cases, the latex is pre-vulcanized, i.e., the rubber particles in the latex are partially or fully vulcanized prior to the dipping step. A prevulcanized latex produces a film with improved wet and dry gel strengths, and when further vulcanization is performed after dipping and hot air drying, the tensile properties are improved. An advantage of prevulcanization is a reduction in the process time by lessening or eliminating the time required for the post-dip vulcanization. In some dip-molding processes, a chemical coagulant is included in the latex or on the dip former, and heat-sensitized coagulant dipping methods are applied to produce articles have a greater film thickness. Multiple dips are also used in some processes. Details of these and other methods are well known to those skilled in the art of latex dip molding. Further descriptions of the process and its variations are found in Pendle, Dipping with Natural Latex, published by The Malaysian Rubber Producers' Association (1995).
Vulcanization performed on the latex film after the dip former is removed from the bath serves to form covalent bonds both within the individual rubber particles and between coalesced rubber particles. A problem with vulcanization both at this stage and prior to the dip is that the outer surfaces of the particles have greater exposure to the vulcanizing agents than the particle interiors, resulting in a case-hardening effect and a lack of uniformity in the rubber.
In dip-molding processes for rubber latices, sulfur is the primary vulcanizing agent, although various accelerators, activators, sulfur donors, and boosters are frequently included as well. A description of prevulcanization methods and formulations for both natural and synthetic rubber latices is found in Blackley, D. C., Polymer Latices: Science and Technology, 2d Edition, Vol. 2, Chapter 13 (Chapman and Hall, 1997). Prevulcanization methods performed without sulfur are those utilizing free radical crosslinking, which can be achieved by various means, including high energy irradiation in the presence of a chemical sensitizer. Natural latex prevulcanized in this manner is referred to as "radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex" (RVNRL). Descriptions of such latices and the vulcanization processes used in their preparation are found in Zin, W.M.B.W., "Semi industrial scale RVNRL preparation, products manufacturing and properties," Radiat. Phys. Chem., 52(1-6), pp. 611-616 (1998).
Rubber films from RVNRL are produced by simply casting the latex into films and then drying the films. No vulcanization is done after the film is cast, and none can be done unless curative agents are subsequently added. Films made by this process have tensile strengths of up to 27.1 megapascals (3930 psi). While this meets the requirements of many dip-molded rubber devices, such as surgical gloves for example, the tensile strength of these films is not as high as that achieved in many sulfur-vulcanized films where a post-vulcanization step (after the dip stage) is included. The RVNRL films are also lower in the value of the 100% tensile modulus than sulfur-vulcanized films. The RVNRL films also suffer from a lack of any means to achieve true particle integration by covalent bonds. This makes it difficult to form a truly integrated, pore-free latex rubber film from RVNRL. A further disadvantage is the need for access to an irradiation facility, which may not be in a location that is convenient to many rubber manufacturers and which adds considerably to the cost of manufacture.
An alternative means of prevulcanization of latex by free radical crosslinking is that which involves the use of organic peroxides and hydroperoxides. Latex that is prevulcanized with these materials is referred to as "peroxide vulcanized natural rubber latex" (PVNRL). Descriptions of such latices and methods for preparing them are found in U.S. Pat. No. 2,868,859, issued Jan. 13, 1959, to G. Stott, entitled "Curing Natural Rubber Latex With a Peroxide." The process disclosed in this patent involves superheating natural rubber latex in the presence of 2% (based on dry rubber weight) ditertiary butyl peroxide in a pressure vessel at a temperature of 170� C. for fifteen minutes. The latex was then cooled, and the films cast and dried to yield vulcanized rubber films with a tensile strength as high as 251 kg/cm2 (3739 psi). The film was formed simply by drying, with no post-drying vulcanization. Unfortunately, utilization of this process on a commercial scale would require large and expensive heated pressure vessels, and prevulcanization is a necessary part of the process.
Latex prevulcanized with a hydroperoxide rather than an organic peroxide is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,975,151, issued Mar. 14, 1961, to W. S. Ropp, entitled "Vulcanization of Latex With Organic Hydroperoxide." In this patent, natural rubber latex is prevulcanized by superheating under pressure at 250� F. (121� C.) for about one hour with cumene hydroperoxide. The resulting cooled latex is cast into a film, then air dried. The product had a maximum tensile strength of 2775 psi. As in the Stott patent, the utilization of this process on a commercial scale would require large scale heated pressure vessels, and the tensile strength is not nearly as good as that of a sulfur-vulcanized latex or of the organic peroxide prevulcanized latex of Stott.
The use of hydrogen peroxide as a prevulcanizing agent with an activating chemical is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,232, issued Aug. 28, 1973, to B. K. Rodaway, entitled "Vulcanization of Latex With Organic Hydroperoxide." The method of this patent is performed at lower temperatures without the use of pressure vessels. The patent cites an example in which a natural rubber latex is prevulcanized by this method, cast into a film and dried, to yield a product with a tensile strength of 124 kg/cm2 (1760 psi). Thus, despite its advantages this process produces latex films of interior strength. The possibility of adding a sulfur curative system to the latex after prevulcanization to permit post-casting vulcanization is suggested, but this would involve the use of sulfur curative chemicals, which peroxide processes are generally intended to avoid. In further examples, curing of polychloroprene and other synthetic latices is performed with hydrogen peroxide and an activator, the products in each case having inferior tensile properties.
Further disclosure of technology forming the background of the present invention is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,892,697, issued Jul. 1, 1975, to O. W. Burke, entitled "Preparation of Crosslinked Polymer Latex From Aqueous Emulsion of Solvent/Polymer Solution of Precursor Latex Particle Size." In the process disclosed in this patent, dicumyl peroxide is mixed with a synthetic polyisoprene latex under 6000 psi pressure, and the mixture is subjected to an unspecified elevated temperature for an unstated period of time. There is no disclosure of film formation.
Still further methods forming the background of the invention are those known as "continuous vulcanization in liquid baths" (LCM Vulcanization) which are used on extruded rubber profiles. In LCM Vulcanization, a solid constant profile shape is extruded, then submerged in a hot liquid bath such as molten salt, hot oil, or melted lead, or in a hot fluid medium such as fluidized sand particles. Essentially all molecular oxygen is excluded from the curing environment. The use of the hot liquid bath or fluid medium is to provide very rapid heat transfer rates to thin-wall extruded rubber profiles. Descriptions of various LCM Vulcanization methods are found in Hoffman, Rubber Technology Handbook, pages 394-398 (Hanser Publishers, 1994), and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,637, issued Jan. 1, 1991, to M. L. Hyer, entitled "Method of Forming an Improved Wiper Blade." These references do not disclose application of the process to dipped films.
Latex articles formed by dip molding must be pore-free if the passage of pathogens or other unwanted substances through the article walls is to be prevented. Pore-free walls require good integration and adhesion between the rubber particles of the latex. Many attempts have been made to achieve this, but it remains a difficult goal. Excessive vulcanization for example tends to inhibit particle integration. A simple means of determining the extent of prevulcanization is a test known as the chloroform coagulation test. A description of this test can be found in The Vanderbilt Latex Handbook, 3d Edition, page 110 (R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc., Norwalk, Conn., USA).
All patents and publications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.
It has now been discovered that pore-free rubber articles can be prepared by dip-molding processes by including vulcanizing agent(s) in the dipping medium and vulcanizing the wet film by immersing the dip former in a heated liquid bath that is chemically inert. The temperature of the heated bath will be sufficiently high to cause at least a partial melting and/or softening of any coalesced rubber particles in the film while vulcanizing the film, and the time needed to effect vulcanization under these conditions is considerably less than that typically used for vulcanization in hot air. The resulting film is coherent and essentially pore-free.
Another aspect of this invention resides in the discovery that the tensile properties of an article of vulcanized rubber can be improved to an unusually effective degree by immersing the already vulcanized article in a solution of a vulcanizing agent to cause the rubber of the article to absorb or imbibe the vulcanizing agent from the solution, and then immersing the rubber and the imbibed vulcanizing agent in a heated liquid bath that is substantially free of molecular oxygen and chemically inert. After recovery of the article from the bath, the tensile properties are considerably greater than those that the product would have if the same amount and type of vulcanizing agent were included in the original vulcanization.
This invention is useful in the manufacture of articles of all rubber materials, both natural and synthetic. For certain aspects of this invention, notably those that reside in the use of the heated liquid bath for a single-stage vulcanization after dip-molding, the preferred rubber materials are those other than cis-1,4-polyisoprene.
Among the many advantages of this invention is a faster vulcanization rate without the risk of undesirable oxidation of the dipped parts. The invention also offers superior particle integration and thus more coherent latex films by partially melting the particles as they are being crosslinked and heating them more thoroughly, which reduces the tendency of the particles toward case hardening. Prevulcanization, i.e., vulcanization performed on the dipping liquid prior to the dip stage, can be eliminated in many cases, and this offers advantages for latices that are peroxide cure systems or sulfur cure systems where prevulcanization is used in part to reduce the cure times and to reduce the quantity of nitrosamines that may be released during dip molding operations. Alternatively, the postvulcanization of the invention, referring to its occurrence subsequent to the dip stage, can improve the tensile properties of the product without the need for the addition of sulfur-based chemicals. Postvulcanization can also be performed using a different reaction than that used for the prevulcanization. For example, postvulcanization with the use of peroxides can be performed on latices that are prevulcanized by sulfur, by peroxide, or by radiation. In systems that are susceptible to nitrosamine formation, the invention reduces or eliminates the amount of nitrosamines that are formed. When polychloroprene latices, nitrile latices or mixtures of the two are used, postvulcanization by use of organic peroxides can be achieved with very small amounts of the peroxides. With peroxide-based and radiation-based vulcanization systems, the use of the present invention provides products with a 100% tensile modulus that is higher than has been previously obtained with such systems, and yet with no loss of tensile strength. With sulfur-based systems, the high-temperature, oxygen-free environment helps to prevent the degradation that is caused by hydroperoxides that are typically generated during hot air vulcanization. Such degradation is responsible in part for the aging of latex. Use of the invention in non-sulfur-containing systems such as peroxide-based systems results in products with a longer shelf life. Still further, the elimination of the need for hot air curing and its inherent inefficiencies offers considerable savings in energy, since hot media baths are easily insulated. Further energy savings are also available when prevulcanization and maturation are eliminated. The means by which these and other objects and advantages are achieved, as well as particulars of the process and its preferred embodiments, will be evident from the description that follows.
The liquid bath in which the dip former and film are immersed subsequent to the dip stage of the process is a heated liquid that provides rapid heat transfer to the film. Further properties of liquid media that are most desirable and therefore preferred for this purpose are the lack of a tendency to migrate or diffuse into the film on the dip former (unless the medium itself is a desirable constituent of the film), the quality of being stable with respect to the surrounding environment (both the atmospheric environment and the rubber-forming material as well as the various species that may be compounded with the material), and the quality of remaining liquid at the vulcanization temperature. Examples of liquid media that can be used for this purpose are molten inorganic salts, oils, glycols, liquified metals, water, and brine solutions. Preferred among these are molten inorganic salts, silicone oils, and glycols, and the most preferred are molten inorganic salts. Examples of suitable molten inorganic salts are nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and halides of potassium, sodium and lithium, as well as combinations of salts of this group. Salt combinations of this type are commercially available from such suppliers as Heatbath Corporation, Detroit, Mich., USA; and Hubbard-Hall Inc., Inman, S.C., USA. An example of a suitable commercial salt mixture is QUICK CURE 275 of Hubbard-Hall, Inc., the main components of which are potassium nitrate (approximately 50% by weight), sodium nitrite (approximately 30% by weight), and sodium nitrate (less than 10% by weight), with a molten temperature range of about 315� F. to 650� F. (157� C. to 343� C.). Other examples are PARCURE 275 and PARCURE 300 of Heatbath Corporation.
The heated liquid medium bath is preferably used at a temperature that significantly exceeds the temperatures used in hot air vulcanization methods of the prior art, but not so high as to have an adverse effect on the stability of the rubber being vulcanized. When the rubber is natural rubber, for example, it is best not to exceed 450� F. (232� C.), and in the case of styrene butadiene rubber or polychloroprene latex, it is best not to exceed 575� F. (302� C.). A preferred temperature range for the full scope of this invention is about 100� C. to about 350� C. For polychloroprene and styrene-butadiene rubber, a preferred temperature range is about 150� C. to about 300� C., while for natural rubber a preferred temperature range is from about 150� C. to about 235� C. The choice of operating temperature and exposure time will be subject to considerations both of achieving a rapid cure and of maintaining an economic use of energy and other process costs. Other considerations may be present with particular types of rubber and particular curing systems. In organic peroxide curing systems, for example, the preferred temperature and time will be those that result in cleavage of essentially all of the peroxide present. This is generally achieved in six to eight half-lives. In sulfur-based curing systems, the avoidance of reversion and toxicity are often considerations. In all cases, however, the time necessary for full curing is much less than that required in hot air curing processes of the prior art. A presently preferred cure condition is nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.).
This invention is applicable to a wide range of rubber and rubber substitute compositions, including both latices and organic solutions.
Of the latices, the one most commonly used is natural rubber. Natural rubber can be obtained from several sources, including Hevea brasiliensis, Parthenum argentatum (commonly known as "guayule"), and Ficus elastica rubber trees. Methods for obtaining natural rubber latices from non-Hevea sources are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,942, issued Dec. 3, 1996 to Cornish ("Hypoallergenic Natural Rubber Products From Parthenum Argentatum (Gray) and Other Non-Hevea Brasiliensis Species"). Natural rubber latex is available in several grades, including high ammonia latex, low ammonia latex, and others. All such varieties are suitable for use in the present invention. This invention also extends to natural rubber latices that have been processed to reduce the amount of proteins present in the latices. Some of these processes include centrifuging to separate and remove water, and others include double centrifuging, in which an initial centrifuging is followed by the addition of water and a second centrifuging. Still other processes involve the use of enzymes to digest the proteins. Descriptions of enzyme methods are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,610,212 ("Means for Mechanically Stabilizing Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex," Mar. 11, 1997), U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,740 ("Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex and Its Production Process," Oct. 29, 1996), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,459 ("Process for Producing Raw Rubber," Dec. 17, 1996), to Tanaka et al. An example of a commercially available deproteinized rubber latex is ALLOTEX, obtainable from Tillotson Healthcare Corporation, Rochester, N.H., USA.
Synthetic rubber latices in general are likewise usable in the practice of this invention. Examples are ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, styrene isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, styrene isoprene butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polychloroprene, nitrite rubber, styrene block copolymers, and butyl rubber. An example of a polychloroprene latex is NEOPRENE 750, available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc. Wilmington, Del., USA, and an example of a nitrite latex is NITRILE LATEX #O17071, available from Heveatex Corporation, Fall River, Mass., USA. Mixtures of latices can also be used. Some of these mixtures are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,052, issued Dec. 7, 1971, to Sisco et al., entitled "Polyisoprene-Neoprene Meteorological Balloons," where polychloroprene latex is mixed with polyisoprene latex to produce meteorological balloons.
This invention also extends to polymer dispersions that are used in a manner similar to rubber latices. One example is an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer. A commercially available dispersion of this type is INTACTA, available from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., USA. Polymer dispersions such as this lack carbon-carbon double bonds and hence are not susceptible to sulfur-based crosslinking. For these dispersions, embodiments of the present invention that use curing systems other than those that are sulfur-based can be used. Polyurethane products such as medical examination gloves that are formed by the process of this invention exhibit increased resistance to solvents.
In addition to latices and polymer dispersions, the present invention also applies to organic solutions. The organic solvents used in forming these solutions are any solvents that are inert to the rubber, rubber substitute or polymer, and that are readily removable from the dip-molded film by evaporation. The solvent is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, or ethers, esters, alcohols or amines. Typical solvents are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, such as pentane, pentene, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, and cyclopentane, and heterocyclic compounds such as tetrahydrofuran.
A wide variety of vulcanizing agents can be used in the practice of this invention. Useful vulcanizing agents include organic peroxides, sulfur-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, and tellurium-containing compounds. Organic peroxides, for example, may be used singly or in combination, and the most common types are dialkyl peroxides, peroxyketals, and dialkyl peroxides. Preferred organic peroxides are the dialkyl peroxides, particularly dicumyl peroxide, available from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del., USA, as DICUP R. Other useful dialkyl peroxides are 2,5-dimethyl-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexane, di-t-butylperoxide, t-butylcumyl-peroxide, bis(t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, butyl 4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy)valerate, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne, t-butyl 3-isopropenylcumyl peroxide, bis(3-isopropenylcumyl)peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, t-butylperoxybenzoate, and bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)peroxide.
Coagents and other additives are often used in conjunction with the organic peroxides to achieve products having particular properties. Certain coagents also add to the crosslinking efficiency of the peroxides by causing a single peroxide radical to produce more than one carbon-carbon crosslink. Coagents can also be integrated into the polymer network by covalent bonds to enhance certain properties of the polymer, such as elongation and tear strength. Some of these coagents are based on acrylate and methacrylate chemistry. All however are suitable for inclusion in the methods and products of the present invention. Examples of suitable coagents are SARET 516, SARET 517, SARET 521, and SARET 634, available from Sartomer Company, Inc., Exton, Pa., USA. These coagents are multifunctional salts of acrylic and methacrylic acids. Of this group of coagents, SARET 634 (whose primary ingredient is zinc dimethacrylate) and SARET 521 (whose primary ingredients are difunctional acrylate esters) are the most preferred. Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate another example. A more extensive description of such coagents is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,751,878, issued Aug. 7, 1973 to Cowperthwaite et al., entitled "Inhibiting Prevulcanization of Rubber With Polyfunctional Methacrylate Monomers as Cross-Linking Coagents with Peroxides," and U.S. Pat. No. 5,310,811, issued May 10, 1994 to Cottman et al., entitled "Free Radical Cured Rubber Employing Acrylate or Methacrylate Esters of Hydroxybenzene and Hydroxynaphthalene Compounds as Co-Curing Agents."
Free-radical vulcanizing agents other than peroxides are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,892,697, referenced above.
Sulfur-based vulcanization systems include both small sulfur-containing molecules and sulfur-containing polymers. Examples of sulfur-based vulcanization chemicals are:
When the dip-molded articles of this invention are intended for use in contact with human skin, the preferred compounding ingredients are those that produce films that are biocompatible. Examples of compounding ingredients that serve this purpose for sulfur-vulcanized systems are xanthogen compounds such as diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide, dibenzyldithiocarbamate, and higher alkyl zinc dithiocarbamates. For peroxide vulcanized systems, the preferred compounding ingredient is dicumyl peroxide.
Reinforcing agents and other additives are also included in some embodiments of the invention. Examples of reinforcing agents are fumed silica, carbon black, and chopped fibers. The use of cut fibers for example to improve the tear strength of medical gloves is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,524, issued Feb. 8, 2000, to Wu et al., entitled "Cut Resistant Polymeric Films," and the use of fumed silica to improve the tear strength of dipped films is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,872,173, issued Feb. 16, 1999, to Anand, entitled "Synthetic Latex Compositions and Articles Produced Therefrom." Antioxidants and antiozonants may also be included to protect against environmental aging. Pigments and dyes may also be included, as may any of the other additives known to those skilled in the art of the formulation and manufacture of rubber devices.
An illustrative procedure for latex dip molding and curing in accordance with the present invention is as follows:
8. The dip former with the cured latex film is withdrawn from the heated medium bath and cooled either in air or in a stream of water. Water may be used to rinse off any excess solidified heat transfer medium such as solidified salt.
An illustrative procedure for solvent dip molding and curing in accordance with the present invention is as follows:
While the present invention virtually eliminates the need for prevulcanization and maturation of the compounded latex or solution, prevulcanization is useful with latices that would otherwise have an exceptionally low wet or dry gel strength. Prevulcanization can be done by any conventional method. Such methods include, but are not limited to, sulfur prevulcanization, peroxide prevulcanization, and prevulcanization by high energy irradiation, all of which may be performed as they are in the prior art. Good wet gel strength is useful in preventing cracks from forming in the film as the film is being dried. In the case of natural rubber, both wet and dry gel strengths are generally adequate without prevulcanization. The gel strengths of some synthetic latices are lower, however, and prevulcanization may improve the processing, but is not essential. Prevulcanization by high energy irradiation can also serve to reduce the amount of vulcanization chemicals needed and hence the levels of undesirable residual chemicals in the final product.
It is often useful to determine the extent to which a dipped film or article has been vulcanized. A commonly used method is to cut out a circular disk of the cured film and measure the change in diameter upon immersion of the disk in a solvent bath. A detailed explanation of this test and its use with polyisoprene latex is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,215,649, issued Nov. 2, 1965, to Preiss et al., entitled "Synthetic Latex." Similar test methods are available for other types of vulcanized polymers, and are well known to those skilled in the art.
After the dip-molded part is vulcanized, further vulcanization can be performed as an optional means of further improving the properties of the product. A preferred method is to imbibe the vulcanized film with a further amount of vulcanizing agent(s), followed by a second heat treatment in a hot liquid bath. The vulcanizing agent may be the same or different than that used in the first stage (immediately following the dip-molding stage). Likewise, the hot liquid bath may be the same or different than that used earlier.
For films vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide, for example, the cured rubber film can be immersed in a solution of dicumyl peroxide in a solvent such as n-pentane, n-hexane, toluene, or ethyl acetate. The peroxide solution significantly swells the film, thereby causing the dicumyl peroxide and solvent to uniformly penetrate the cured film. The film is then withdrawn from the solution and the solvent evaporated, leaving a predictable amount of dicumyl peroxide in the film. The film is then immersed in a hot liquid bath as before for an appropriate period of time, which may be the same period of time used after the initial dip in the latex. The film is then removed and rinsed in water. Other vulcanizing agents or combinations of vulcanizing agents can be substituted to similar effect.
The physical properties of crosslinked articles that are vulcanized in this two-step postvulcanization process are different from, and frequently better than, those of crosslinked articles in which only a single postvulcanization has been performed. This second postvulcanization thus permits a reworking of or an enhancement of the properties of films that have already been vulcanized. This is particularly useful, for example, in the case of right-heart catheter balloons, where the second postvulcanization can achieve significantly higher levels of air inflation and burst pressures. Returning to the dicumyl peroxide example, a typical range of dicumyl peroxide for a high quality right heart catheter is about 1 to about 1.5 phr (parts hundred ratio, or parts per hundred weight of dry rubber). Of this, 0.2 to 0.5 extra phr of dicumyl peroxide can be imbibed with a subsequent heating step to achieve a significant improvement in the air inflation and burst properties.
The following examples are offered for purposes of illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All patents and publications cited in these examples are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
This comparative example demonstrates the degradation of properties that occurs when latex films are dip molded from organic peroxide-containing latices and then vulcanized in an oxygen-bearing environment.
A 40% solids dicumyl peroxide emulsion was prepared by combining the following ingredients:
To 1 kg of the natural latex was added 21 g of the dicumyl peroxide emulsion. The resulting composition was mixed under medium shear for thirty minutes with a laboratory mixer. The mixture was then rolled for thirty minutes on a laboratory roll mill, then degassed for ten minutes at 0.3 atmosphere absolute pressure. This yielded approximately 1 liter of natural rubber latex formulated with 1.4 phr dicumyl peroxide.
The glass formers were dipped in the coagulant solution, allowed to dwell for five seconds, withdrawn, and then, without drying, were dipped in the formulated latex. The formers were allowed to dwell in the latex for a period of five seconds, then slowly withdrawn. The formers were then dried in a hot air oven at 60� C. for sixty minutes. After drying, the formers were placed in a hot air curing oven at 110� C. One former was withdrawn every ten minutes and the latex film examined. Observations at ten-minute intervals over a fifty-minute period were thus made, and the results are listed in Table I.
The observations in Table I indicate that the dipped latex films prepared from organic peroxide formulated latices cannot be successfully cured in a hot air oven due to the interaction with the oxygen in the curing environment.
This example illustrates the process of the present invention using the same materials as those of Example 1 but substituting a molten salt bath cure for the hot air cure. A coagulant solution in ethanol was used, containing approximately 20% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% Igepal CO-630, all by weight, the balance denatured ethanol.
To 1 kg of natural rubber latex was added 19.5 g of the dicumyl peroxide emulsion, and the resulting composition was mixed under medium shear for thirty minutes on a laboratory mixer. In addition, fumed silica was added at 2 phr in the form of a 15% (by weight) aqueous dispersion (CABO GUARD T-122) supplied by Cabot Corporation, Boston Mass., USA. After thirty minutes of mixing, the solution was rolled for thirty minutes on a laboratory roll mill, then degassed for ten minutes at 0.3 atmosphere absolute pressure. This yielded approximately 1 liter of natural rubber latex formulated with 1.3 phr dicumyl peroxide.
The glass former was dipped into the coagulant solution, then dried for five minutes at 40� C., then slowly dipped into the formulated latex where the former was allowed to dwell for five seconds. The former was then slowly withdrawn and dried at 60� C. for sixty minutes. Once dried, the former and its adherent film were immersed in a molten salt bath for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.). The film was then Removed from the salt bath rinsed stripped and readied for tensile testing. The film appeared translucent-to-clear and slightly amber in color Its was more transparent than many sulfur-vulcanized rubber films.
A standard condom ring tensile specimen was prepared and tested in accordance with ASTM specification D3492. The tensile values obtained are listed in Table II:
These results show that the tensile strength of this material is outstanding when compared with previously published values for natural rubber latex vulcanized by any known means. Comparison of the results with ASTM standard D3577-98 ("Standard Specification for Rubber Surgical Gloves") and ASTM standard D3492 ("Standard Specification for Rubber Contraceptives") indicates that the film produced in this example can meet the necessary tensile strength requirements for both surgical gloves and condoms.
This example illustrates the process of the present invention as applied to polychloroprene, using procedures similar to those of the preceding examples. The polychloroprene was a latex containing 60 weight percent solids, supplied by DuPont-Dow Elastomers, LLC, Wilmington, Del., USA and is sold commercially as NEOPRENE 750.
A dicumyl peroxide emulsion as in Example 1 was added to the latex to attain a formulated latex containing 0.1 phr dicumyl peroxide. Also added to the latex was fumed silica (reinforcing agent), added as a 15 weight percent aqueous dispersion (supplied by Cabot Corporation, Boston, Mass., USA, as CABO GUARD T-22) to achieve a level of 3 phr fumed silica.
The glass former was first dipped into an aqueous coagulant solution, which contained 35% calcium nitrate, 0.5% IGEPAL CO-630 surfactant, both by weight, the balance dionized water, then allowed to dry. The former was then dipped in the compounded latex and allowed to dwell in the latex for five seconds, then slowly withdrawn and dried at 60� C. for sixty minutes. After drying, the former with latex film were immersed in a molten salt bath having the same composition as the baths used in the preceding examples, for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.). The former and film were then withdrawn from the salt bath, rinsed, stripped, and readied for tensile testing. The resultant latex film was transparent and amber in color.
Tensile measurements were made in accordance with ASTM specification D3492, using three tensile rings, to yield the tensile values that are listed in Table III.
These tensile values are more than sufficient to pass the ASTM standard D-3577-98 for synthetic rubber surgical gloves.
This example illustrates the process of the present invention as applied to polyurethane, and specifically, in the modification of thermoplastic polyurethane films after the films have been formed.
Two solvent dip molding solutions were prepared. The first consisted of 15 weight percent thermoplastic polyurethane (MORTHANE PS49, Rohm and Haas Company, Chicago Heights, Ill., USA) and 85 weight percent tetrahydrofuran. A control film (in the form of a condom) was prepared by dipping the form into an organic solution, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,309, issued Sep. 4, 1990, to McGlothlin et al., entitled "Method of Forming a Polymeric Casing With Textured Surface." After drying, the polyurethane condom thus formed was stripped from the former. The second dip molding solution was formed by adding 0.5 phr dicumyl peroxide to the first solution, and a second dip-molded condom was prepared in a manner essentially identical to the first, except that the dipped and dried condom was then immersed for nine minutes in a molten salt bath (identical to those used in the preceding examples) at 350� F. (177� C.).
Portions of both the control condom and the test condom were subjected to a solvent resistance test. According to this test, both films were immersed in tetrahydrofuran. The control film dissolved entirely when immersed in the tetrahydrofuran, while the second, which had been crosslinked by the dicumyl peroxide treatment, did not dissolve but instead swelled significantly. This test illustrates the improvement in properties of dip-molded articles made of polyurethane (as representative of thermoplastic elastomers in general) as a result of the process of the present invention.
This example illustrates the process of the present invention applied to two prevulcanized natural rubber latices, one by sulfur and the other by radiation. The sulfur-prevulcanized latex was 60% solids REVULTEX HLA-21 from Revertex Americas, St. Louis, Mo., USA. The radiation-prevulcanized latex was obtained from Guthrie Latex, Inc. Tucson, Ariz., and simply sold as "RVNRL." Both latices are noted for their low levels of residual chemicals and hence their low toxicity profiles. Because of the low toxicity profiles, the tensile strengths of these materials are lower than those of many other natural rubber latices. Standard clear-glass condom formers, 32 mm in diameter, as used in all preceding examples were used as dip formers.
Four compounded latices were used, as follows:
One condom was formed from each of these three latices, using the coagulant solution and the dipping and drying procedures of Example 3. All were then dried for sixty minutes at 60� C. The condoms formed from latices that did not contain dicumyl peroxide were further dried for 45 minutes at 150� F. (66� C.) in a hot air oven, powdered, stripped, and set aside. The condoms formed from latices that did contain dicumyl peroxide were further processed by immersion in a molten salt bath of the same description as those used in the preceding examples, for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.). All four condoms were rinsed, powdered, and stripped.
Tensile values were obtained for all four condoms, using the standard procedures described in the preceding examples. The results are listed in Table IV.
These results show that the properties of the dip-molded condoms of both methods of prevulcanization, sulfur-based and radiation, are enhanced by postvulcanization in accordance with the present invention.
This example illustrates that aspect of the present invention in which a vulcanized and fully formed dip-molded article is given a secondary postvulcanization by first immersing the article in a solution of a vulcanizing agent to absorb the agent from the solution and then re-curing the article following the absorption. The rubber material used in this example was synthetic polyisoprene rubber, supplied as a 10% solids solution in n-hexane. The polyisoprene was NATSYN 2200, from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, USA, and was dissolved in the hexane by agitating with a medium-shear laboratory mixer. The resulting solution was split into two batches, and the first was supplemented by the addition of dicumyl peroxide to 1.5 phr while the second was supplemented by the addition of dicumyl peroxide to 2.0 phr. Stainless steel dipping mandrels with outside diameters of 0.091 inch (0.23 cm) were dipped in the solutions, withdrawn, air dried and re-dipped in a sequence that was repeated approximately seven times to build up a single wall balloon thickness of approximately 0.010 inch (0.0254 cm). After thorough drying in a warm air oven to remove essentially all of the solvent, the portions of the dipping formers that were coated with the dried mixture of polyisoprene and dicumyl peroxide were immersed in a hot molten salt bath (the same as that used in the preceding examples) for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.). The resulting balloons were rinsed in water, powdered with corn starch, and removed from the dipping formers. Each balloon was then cut into segments approximately 1 cm in length to form right heart catheter balloons.
Six of the balloons formed from the 1.5 phr dicumyl peroxide dipping solution were immersed for thirty minutes in an imbibing solution consisting of dicumyl peroxide dissolved in ethyl acetate, the solution having a sufficient concentration and volume to raise the dicumyl peroxide content of the balloons by 0.5 phr. The balloons were then removed from the solution and thoroughly air-dried in a warm air oven to remove essentially all ethyl acetate. The balloons were then immersed in a molten salt bath (as described in the preceding examples) for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.). The balloons were then removed, rinsed in water, dried, and powdered with corn starch.
A representative balloon from each treatment group was mounted on an inflation test fixture, and subjected to an air pressure burst test to determine the pressure needed to rupture the balloon upon inflation. The results are shown in Table V.
These results demonstrate that an unexpected improvement in physical properties is achieved by a two-stage postvulcanization achieved by the imbibition of a vulcanizing agent by an already-formed dip-molded rubber article, followed by vulcanization in a hot liquid bath, as compared to a single-stage postvulcanization at the same level of vulcanizing agent.
This example demonstrates the improvement offered by the present invention relative to the hot air curing method of the prior art. Natural rubber latex supplemented with a sulfur-based curing system was used in this comparison.
Natural rubber latex (60% solids) was supplemented with a curing system bearing the name OCTACURE 590 (Tiarco Chemical, Dalton, Ga., USA) in an amount which, according to the supplier, results in a compounded latex containing 2 phr zinc oxide, 1.65 phr sulfur, 0.5 phr zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and 0.75 phr of an unspecified antioxidant. The latex was degassed, and two condoms were prepared from the latex in the manner described in Example 2, involving the use of the coagulant described in that example. One of the condoms while still on the former was then vulcanized in hot air for 45 minutes at 100� C., and then for an additional sixty minutes at 110� C. The second condom, also while still on the former, was dried for 45 minutes at 100� C., then immersed in a molten salt bath of the same description as those used in the preceding examples for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.).
Tensile tests were performed on both condoms in the manner described in Example 2. The test results are listed in Table VI.
These data demonstrate that the present invention is applicable to natural latex rubber without the need for prevulcanization, and it also shows that the process of the invention produces a product whose tensile properties greatly exceed those of corresponding products prepared by processes of the prior art.
This example demonstrates the application of the process of the invention to a mixture of latices
A mixture was prepared by combining equal parts by weight of Shell IR-307 synthetic polyisoprene latex and NEOPRENE 750 polychloroprene latex. The dicumyl peroxide dispersion described in Example 1 was added to achieve a latex containing 0.7 phr dicumyl peroxide. One condom was produced from this latex, using the method described in Example 2, then immersed in a molten salt bath of the same description as those used in the preceding examples for nine minutes at 350� F. (177� C.), then rinsed and powdered. The condom was opaque and amber in color. Test specimens were prepared taken as in the preceding examples. The results are listed in Table VII.
The foregoing is offered primarily for purposes of illustration. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and their proportions, as well as the operating conditions, procedural steps and other parameters of the inventions described herein may be further modified or substituted in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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Scarsdale School district classes
Students participate in a Social Studies and an Architecture and Design class at Scarsdale High School. Scarsdale schools are at a financial crossroads, with reserves adequate to fund operations for less than a year before the district will need to cut programs or raise taxes significantly.
12 unique LI places to have a cocktail Long Island and New York City's top photos LI notable deaths Recent LI fires Stunning aerial shots of LI landmarks Your pet photos: Adorable dogs, cats and more LI people on the move! Promotions, new jobs 50 must-have summer toys for every kid Best things to do this weekend on LI Guess who: LI celebrity yearbook pictures Peek into Long Island's most lavish homes 14 things you didn't know about LI's valedictorians

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Perfect Vegan Chocolate Cupcakes
Mmm, these are my favorite chocolate cupcakes!!!
Champagne Cupcakes
Champagne cupcakes with St-Germain buttercream frosting are the best way to celebrate a special occasion.
Watermelon Cupcakes
These Watermelon Cupcakes are sweet, adorable, easy to make and are the perfect thing to bring to any spring gathering.
Carrot Cupcakes
These carrot cupcakes are fluffy and moist and topped with a soft silky cream cheese frosting.
Coconut Carrot Cupcakes
Coconut Carrot Cupcakes made with Molasses Cream Cheese Frosting
Orange Ricotta Cheesecake Cupcakes
Have your own individual sized serving of orange cheesecake with a sweet orange marmalade glaze!
Cherry Almond Cupcakes
Moist cake and fluffy frosting combine with bursts of color and flavor to make this cupcake a unique crowd-pleaser.
Andes Mint Grasshopper Cupcakes
Andes Mint Grasshopper Cupcakes - perfect for St. Patty's Day!
Irish Car Bomb Cupcakes
Chocolate cupcakes with Guinness, filled with a Whiskey chocolate ganache, and then topped with Irish Cream frosting!
Oreo Chocolate Cupcakes w Ganache
Decadent Oreo stuffed chocolate cupcakes topped with dark chocolate ganache and a sprinkling or more Oreos, crushed.
Lemon Rose Cupcakes
A lemon chiffon cake with rose water white chocolate swiss merengue buttercream
Lemon Poppy Seed Cupcakes
Lemon Poppy Seed Cupcakes With Lemon Glaze
Tipsy Monkey Cupcakes
Rum filled banana bread cupcakes topped with browned butter cream cheese frosting, you need these!
Hot Buttered Rum Cupcakes
Topped with a swiss merengue cream cheese frosting and a butterscotch sauce.
Homemade Funfetti Cupcakes
It doesn't have to be someone's birthday to make these light, fluffy, and delicious funfetti cupcakes!
Hummingbird Cupcakes
Hummingbird Cupcakes with Dried Pineapple Flowers
Chocolate Pistachio Cupcakes
A moist chocolate Cupcake topped with a Luscious Pistachio Frosting that tastes just like Pistachio Pudding !
Pina Colada Cupcakes
Pina Colada Cupcakes
Surfboard Cupcake with Frosting
Surfboard Cupcake with Frosting
Lemon Poppy Seed Cupcakes
super easy lemon poppy seed cupcake with cream cheese frosting
Gluten Free Strawberry Cupcakes
These are the best gluten free strawberry cupcakes on the planet!
Espresso Velvet Cupcakes
A coffee flavored velvety cupcake topped with white chocolate mousse and candied lemon peel
Flourless Orange Cupcakes
by Elisa P
Angel Food Cupcakes
Orange Scented Angel Food CupCakes with Blackberry Swiss Merengue Buttercream
Coriander and Honey Cupcakes
I've created a really unique recipe in making Coriander and Honey Cupcakes. They sound strange but they're really tasty!
Spongebob Cupcakes
Spongebob Cupcakes with frosting. The kids love these!
Biscoff (Speculoos) Banana Cupcakes
Biscoff (Speculoos) Banana Cupcakes with Biscoff (Speculoos) Frosting .


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#1 New York Times bestselling author Richelle Mead returns to the Otherworld, a mystic land inextricably linked to our own--and balanced precariously on one woman's desperate courage . . .
Shaman-for-hire Eugenie Markham strives to keep the mortal realm safe from trespassing entities. But as the Thorn Land's prophecy-haunted queen, there's no refuge for her and her soon-to-be-born-children when a mysterious blight begins to devastate the Otherworld. . .
The spell-driven… (più)
Editore: Zebra (27 Dicembre 2011)
Format: EPUB
Numero di pagine: 352 pagine
Dimensioni del file: 939 KB
Protezione: DRM
Lingua: Inglese


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Opening Night Gala 2015 (© Lance Skundrich)
Thursday, January 21, 2016
San Francisco City Hall and War Memorial Opera House
Black Tie
Please check back in Summer 2015 to purchase tickets to this event.
© Copyright 2015 San Francisco Ballet. All Rights Reserved.
Background Photo Credit: 2008 Gala Sofiane Sylve and Anthony Spaulding in van Manen's Two Pieces For Het (© Erik Tomasson)


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Atletico Madrid 3-0 Gatafe © WwW.Bratu-Marian.Ro
by Bratu Marian (04/01/12) 30 views
Atletico Madrid 3-0 Gatafe © WwW.Bratu-Marian.Ro
2014 was a great year -- so thanks for being a part of it!
Ownage Pranks called a guy who was selling his Acura TSX. He absolutely hates getting low offers for his car.
This is how you smash a plugged-in TV... in super-slow motion.
Here at Epic Meal Time, we take pizza seriously. So seriously, in fact, that we're looking to provide pizza with the beautiful life it deserves.
Furious Pete gives you some step-by-step instructions on how to enjoy In-N-Out.


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Below are selected results from the annual Student Computing Survey for undergraduate students, conducted during the months of April and May 2013. Click here for Graduate Survey Results or visit the list of past survey results.
- Demographics
- About Your Personal Computing
- About Your Resident Computer Consultant (RCC)
- Residence Learning Spaces
- Public Computing Spaces
- Computing in Your Courses
This year, 1259 undergraduate students responded to the survey, with more women responding (59%) than men (41%). The breakdown by class year was as follows:
Respondents by Year
About 50% reported majoring in Humanities and Sciences, 35% in Engineering, 3% in Earth Sciences, less than 1% in Education, and the remainder have other majors or have not declared a major.
About Your Personal Computing
We asked students about their device ownership and operating system most often used. Of those respondents who own electronic devices:
Device Ownership
The computer operating systems used on students' primary laptops or netbooks were:
Computer Operating Systems
About Your Residential Computing Consultants (RCC)
Resident Computer Consultants (RCCs) are students who live in each residence and serve as house staff members. They are local network managers who support residential network connections, educators who run residential programs related to computing, consultants who help residents with computer problems, and technicians who take care of the residence technology spaces. RCCs are managed by the RCC Manager (and the Resident Fellows where applicable) and receive support and training from the Academic Computing Services central staff. RCCs are the first line of technical support for residential students and are an integral part of life in the residences. For more information about RCCs, see http://rcc.stanford.edu
Sixty-three percent of undergraduates living on campus indicated they had asked their RCC for computer-related help or advice. Of students who had asked for help, the following were the top four request categories:
Top Four RCC Request Categories
Residence Learning Spaces
Academic Computing Services supports a technology-enhanced study space in every residence, offering roughly 360 public computers in more than 80 locations.
Eighty-three percent of undergraduate students said it was 'Important' or 'Very important' to have study space within their house equipped with technology such as computers, printers, and shared displays for laptops.
Eighty-six percent of students said they had used a residence learning space (usually called a 'computer cluster') in the current academic year. Of those students, 89% reported that their cluster 'Almost always' or 'Usually' meets their needs.
The top five most significant reasons for using the residence learning spaces were:
Top Five Reasons for Using Residence Learning Spaces
Public Computing Spaces
Academic Computing Services provides central public technology spaces, general-purpose and specialized computers, equipment for checkout (e.g., laptops, video cameras, projectors) and study space in Meyer Library, Green Library, other branch libraries, Tresidder, Old Union, and the community centers. In-person technical support and customer service is provided at the Meyer Tech Desk. Sixty-nine percent of undergraduate students who responded to the survey indicated they had used one of these spaces during the current academic year.
Undergraduate students were asked how often they used specific public computing or study locations. Percentages of respondents who said they used the following spaces regularly (at least once a month) or often (more than once a week), were, in order:
- Green Library (other study or computer spaces) (43%)
- Old Union meeting rooms (39%)
- Meyer Lobby (1st floor) (38%)
- Meyer 2nd floor study/computing space (29%)
- Any library other than Meyer or Green (24%)
The most significant reasons students used public computing or study spaces supported by ACS are, in order:
- Study space away from residence (72%)
- Availability of group/partner work space (66%)
- Color printing (48%)
- Availability of software not on own computer (45%)
- Black and white printing (40%)
The second floor of Meyer houses the Multimedia Studio. Students who used the Multimedia Studio did so for a variety of purposes. The top six reported uses were:
Top Five Uses of the Multimedia Studio
Computing in Your Courses
Undergraduate students were asked about their use of course management systems. The majority used CourseWork.
Course Management System Use
Students were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their use of CourseWork. Sixty-four percent of students rated their satisfaction as 'Very satisfied' (21%) or 'Somewhat satisfied' (43%).
This concludes the selected results from the 2012-2013 Student Computing Survey for undergraduates. Click here for Graduate Survey Results or visit theSurvey Result Archives.


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I'm looking for a way to round a set of numbers to the nearest rational number while still preserving the total of the set.
I want to distribute the total value of '1' amongst a variable number of fields without allowing irrational numbers.
So say I want to distribute the total across three fields. I don't want each value to be 0.33333333333333333333'. I would prefer 0.33, 0.33 & 0.34.
I would like to implement this using Jquery/javascript. I have a form where fields are added dynamically. By default the total is evenly distributed amongst each field, however my problem is further complicated because often the value will not be shared equally amongst all fields. Some values might be more heavily weighted. So if I were to change one of the three values to 0.5, the other two values would be adjusted to 0.25.
Can anyone help with a suitable algorithm?


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"After another Central London Education Law Firm failed, Mike was confident with my case from the offest and succeeded in reinstating me back into Leicester Medical School! What makes Mike so good, is not just his really good way with words, his vast experience or his in-depth knowledge of law, but his genuine compassion for his clients. He genuinely treats his clients like his own children. I will be referring a lot of people to this firm in the future. Thanks again SinclairsLaw, you have genuinely changed my life and I will be eternally grateful"
Care Plans
Once a community care assessment has been carried out, the person's community care needs will have been identified and a decision made about whether they are eligible to receive help & support from the local authority.
If so, it should draw up a 'Care Plan', which is a written record of the support the person is going to receive and it must set out exactly what is to be provided, by whom and by when. A copy of the care plan must be given to the person who is to receive the community care services. A person's community care needs may be met in many ways, for example by receiving a service directly from a care agency, or perhaps by Direct Payments or maybe by a Personal Budget (England only).
Whether the community care assessment is for a child or an adult, it is always important to look at the care plan to ensure that the care plan accurately reflects what is in the person's community care assessment. Care plans must be reviewed regularly to ensure that the care being provided continues to meet the person's needs; for adults this should take place at least annually.
It is our experience that the question of how much care a person is going to receive and/or how that care is to be provided is a frequently area of difficulty. At Sinclairslaw, we have the expertise to be able to help you./p> Direct Payments >>>
Specialist Community Care Solicitors - Here to Help
Contact us today: email@example.com or by telephone on (029) 2070 6444
The information contained in this web site is provided solely for information purposes only. It does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Sinclairslaw does not give any endorsement, warranty or representation, expressed or implied by statute collaterally or otherwise with regard to the products or services which are advised or promoted on this or any linked sites.
Sinclairslaw accept no responsibility for loss or damage which may arise from errors or omissions of information contained in the web site or other site that may be linked to this site from time to time or for reliance on any such information. It is important that those who have access to the site and require help take proper legal advice by contacting the firm of Sinclairs so that we can properly advise on the information that you are able to provide us.


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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Other areas nearby to Panama City:
Recent Panama City reviews
"We stayed at this beautiful apartment for ten days with no problems. The owner was very nice and helpful, the apartment is located in a great area with fantastic views. The apartment came fully equipped and furnished. We enjoyed our stay here and my wife and I would recommend and stay at this apartment again."Guest: AJ Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: June 4, 2015View listing
"PVQ is located on Ancon Hill, so is perfectly positioned for both nature hikes and exploring Panama City. Easy access to Panama's major roads as well as the routes to the interior is five minutes away. The pool was very nice and the two covered patios with grills and tables were much appreciated. The staff were very helpful and cheerful and the facility was very easy to use with an american-style kitchen. The 6-burner gas stove in particular was awesome!. Also, the 2 1/2 baths made getting ready to go a breeze for a big group!"Guest: Ridge Family Date of Stay: May 2015 Review Submitted: June 5, 2015View listing
"We spent the last five days of our 3-week Panama vacation in this great property (after having spent our first 5 days in Patty's fabulous Casco Viejo loft). The Amador condo was another great stay. We really enjoyed taking a morning run along the beautiful causeway and also took the bicycles out a couple of times, which was great fun! We found a brand new Indian restaurant on the middle island which we cycled to for lunch one day, and also enjoyed cocktails at the Balboa Yacht Club just a minute or so from the apartment. For dinner, we went into Casco a couple of times. During the day there were lots of taxis right outside the condo entrance, but in the evenings we usually had to wait a couple of minutes to hail one driving by. It was easy to get back from Casco by just telling the cab drivers "Amador - TGI Fridays"! Always worth negotiating the fare, though....some drivers asked for $10 or even $20(!). We generally paid $4-$7 (probably overpaid, but seemed like a good deal). The condo itself was terrific. Beautifully decorated and maintained with everything we needed for our stay. The bathroom and shower were huge and the bed was so comfortable. Great views over to Casco and downtown Panama City. As with the Casco loft, we had a great binder that provided us with all the necessary instructions/directions/recommendations and Patty and Rudy were great to deal with. We would highly recommend this property (and the Casco loft - separately reviewed) and hope to stay at one or both of these properties in the future."Guest: Debbie H. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: June 3, 2015View listing
"We spent our first five days of a 3-week visit to Panama in this wonderful condo. We arranged an airport transfer through Patty which cost the same amount of money as a cab, but was so much easier and more pleasant upon our arrival. The condo is absolutely delightful! All the photos are spot on - the place really does look this great! The location was just perfect....easy walking to all the wonderful sights and restaurants in Casco Viejo, but on a nice quiet street away from the noise and craziness that many Casco locations would have. It was also super convenient to the fish market, a fabulous little Rey grocery store (literally a one minute walk), and the Costa Cintera for our morning runs. The condo is equipped with everything you could possibly need, and there is a very helpful binder with "operating instructions" and recommendations of restuarants etc. We enjoyed having a morning coffee or evening cocktail out on the balcony. We really can't recommend this property highly enough. After spending a couple of weeks at the beach and mountains we came back to Panama City and spent the last five days of our trip at Patty and Rudy's condo at the Amado Causeway...I have reviewed that separately (another fabulous property). We did a tour of the canal locks and "The Other Panama City" with Rudy (we combined the two tours on the same day) and had a wonderful time...we loved all the sights, sounds and flavors of the "other" Panama!"Guest: Debbie H. Date of Stay: April 2015 Review Submitted: June 3, 2015View listing
Featured Destinations: The Villages, Rosemary Beach, Destin Condo Rentals, Amelia Island, Myrtle Beach, Outer Banks


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Lou Tompkins All Star Baseball, Inc
2015 LTA Baseball College Showcase Nominations and Registration Closes July 4, Managers and Coaches make your Nominations and Players Register Now No Metal Spikes allowed on the Pinebanks Turf Field Roster Edits are allowed 7/3 - 7/6 Make your Roster Deletions and Additions during this time
Managers Meeting
No metal spikes are allowed on the Melrose Pinebanks
Turf Field.
For Information or
Questions regarding participation in Lou Tompkins All Star Baseball,
please contact Joe Rushing @ 508-740-4139 or
"B" Division
"C" Division
From the desk of LTA President, Joe Rushing.
Nominations & Registratiion for the LTA College Showcase for High
School and College players rostered on a LTA Team is now open.
There are only 80 spots available, so nominate and register early.
Registration closes July 4th.
To review the highlights of the operational and
rule changes for the 2015 season, please "Read More"
Joe Rushing, President
Lou Tompkins All
Star Baseball
League of Champions"Building Champions On & Off The Field"
"Building Champions On & Off The Field"
2015 LTA College Showcase Weekend
The 2015 College Showcase Weekend is
Saturday July 11th at Belmont High School in Belmont, MA. This is an opportunity for
registered players in our LTA league to put their skills on display in front of
4 college talent evaluators as well as scouts from over 40 colleges and prep
schools throughout Massachusetts. All without paying the hundreds or thousands
of dollars normally associated with attending one of these types of college
Player nominations by managers and
coaches and registration by the nominated players is open.
Learn More ...
What is the Lou Tompkins ALL-Star
Baseball League?
A League of 65+ All-Star Teams from Northeastern
Four Age Divisions
Senior Division ages 17-21
A Division ages 15-16
B Division ages 13-14
C Division age 13 only
A College Baseball Showcase Weekend for Our
Players ages 15-18
An 18-20 Game Season Ending with a League Champion
in each Division
An Off-Season program in Cooperation with TheBASE
Providing Conditioning & Skills Training During the Winter for Any
Player on an LTA Roster, All at No Charge
The Varsity and College players of Tomorrow, Play
in LTA Today
Dozens of Players Who Played in Our League Now
Play College Ball
Joe Rushing, President
Managers &
In order to have a smooth entry
into the season, we strongly urge each MANAGER and COACH to
1: register as a user of the site (your username and password from last
year are valid) and
2: As soon as you have been confirmed as a user, PLEASE enter yourself
on your roster, see below for instructions and
3: all managers who have received and invitation to the
ArbiterSports.com site to register as a LTA contact should do so ASAP.
Roster Entry
Managers need
to enter the Managers and Coaches section of their rosters ASAP.
The player information is required by your first game.
Select "Coaches/Directors" above and then select "Enter/Edit Rosters".
To enter a roster you need each
player's Name, Age, DOB, Address and Telephone and the coaching staff's
phone numbers and email address.
Usernames and
passwords from previous years are valid.
Created and maintained by
Dale Clutter
Web Site & Registration Services
Lou Tompkins All Star Baseball, Inc © 2001- 2015. All rights reserved.
This site is best viewed in IE 9.0 +.
Revised June 26, 2015


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Agoura Hills and the Ventura County Board of Supervisors are leading the way regarding the Rim of the Valley Corridor legislation, an area that, as defined by the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy (SMMC), includes the mountains encircling the San Fernando, La Crescenta, Santa Clarita, Simi, and Conejo Valleys in California. Earlier this month, Agoura Hills, Gateway City to the Santa Monica Mountains, voted unanimously to support Rim of the Valley Cor… [Read More...]
Support for Rim of the Valley National Park Expansion
Tesoro Gas Station Opening at Topanga and PCH
If all goes well, by this fall, Topangans will be able to buy gasoline and Slurpees ® at a brand new Tesoro gas station at the corner of PCH and Topanga Canyon Boulevard. According to Ralph Cristerna, superintendent on the job with R D Builders in Anaheim, after about 15 years, the old Thrifty gas station is being remodeled with new underground tanks, six pumps and a food store. We are doing all the grading and buildin… [Read More...]
Summer Beach Bus is Back!
The Department of Public Works (DPW) has begun its Summer Beach Bus service from the Valley to the mountains to the ocean at Santa Monica Pier and back. Passengers may ride the bus through Labor Day, Monday, September 7. Reservations are not required for Topanga. People with disabilities may call (626) 458-3909 for special accommodations or with questions regarding the service. Please call between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday thr… [Read More...]
July Topanga Library Events
Knitting GroupEvery Friday 10 a.m. Join Karen Dannenbaum for a free knitting group sponsored by the Canyon Sages. Come work on a knitting project, chat, and get advice if you're stuck. Board Game DayWednesday, July 1, 3 p.m. Come and play board games with your friends and family! The Library will provide games but feel free to bring your own. Open to all ages. Sponsored by the Friends of the Topanga Library. Teen Art ActivityWind C… [Read More...]
For the Record
In our extensive coverage of Topanga Days events (see Floating Along Topanga Memorial Day Parade, Messenger, Vol. 39, No. 11, June 4, 2015), we got the name of Rick Jones (aka The Trainman) railroad club wrong. The correct name is Topanga Mountain Lines Railroad Club and Rick, who has amazing model railroad villages set up, indoors and outside, at his home, invites any and all model railroad afficianados, Boy Scouts, Girl Sco… [Read More...]
Off-Road Trucking
Malibu Lagoon Report Shows Success
Former Dead Zone is now a healthier system bringing a wetland back to life. The Bay Foundation has just released the Malibu Lagoon Restoration and Enhancement Project Comprehensive Monitoring Report (Year 2), the first report to fully compare and evaluate pre-restoration conditions to two years of post-restoration conditions. The project is a potential test case for giving life back to a local wetland. Based on the first two years of a fiv… [Read More...]
Topagna, Topango, Topanga
The headline is not a typo! Learn why at the next Topanga Historical Society pot-luck meeting, Wednesday, July 15, 7 p.m., at the Community Club. You will get to meet your neighbors, your very early neighbors. Who came to Topanga? When? Where? What was life like in the very early days of our bucolic, but occasionally disaster prone, canyon? Eric Dugdale, current president of the Palisades Historical Society, will present an informative and impactful … [Read More...]
Lieu Statement On Santa Barbara Oil Spill
Congressman Ted W. Lieu (D, Los Angeles) released a statement following the news that the California Department of Fish and Wildlife has found a match between one sample from the Refugio/Santa Barbara oil spill and a tar ball found at Manhattan Beach/South Bay. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has confirmed that oil washing up on South Bay beaches last month was the result of the Refugio/Santa Barbara oil spill. This news underscores ho… [Read More...]
Local Couple to Open Goorus Yoga at former YogaWorks in the Palisades
PACIFIC PALISADES, CA Starting June 22, Goorus Yoga will begin offering regular yoga classes at 15327 Sunset Boulevard, site of the former YogaWorks studio. Goorus Yoga is the only dedicated yoga studio in Pacific Palisades, said John Lightfoot, co-owner of the venture with his wife, Gretchen. It will be a community oasis providing a transformational approach while honoring a diversity of practices. Our program is based on the belief that yoga … [Read More...]
Manzanita School Provides Turtle SanctuarySign Up to Help
Many of you have touched base to see how our turtles are faring with the drought. Sadly, we have had continued mortality, with another six individuals preyed upon in just the last month when they were attacked in small pools with little water. This brings our total since August 2015 to more than 35 individuals, which represents almost 10 percent of the 300 individuals tagged in this sub drainage. Thanks to support from Manzanit… [Read More...]
Rare Frogs Survive First Year in New Home
At least a handful of rare frogs have survived their first year in the Santa Monica Mountains, part of the first-ever effort to expand the range of California red-legged frogs in Southern California. Because frogs have permeable skin that easily absorbs contaminants, they are considered an indicator species that provides important information about habitat health. Nationwide, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has documented precipitous declines among … [Read More...]
Governor Approves Sen. Pavleys Boost for Low-Emission Cars
SACRAMENTOCalifornia motorists have a new incentive for buying low-emission, plug-in hybrid cars. Gov. Jerry Brown on June 24 signed into law Assembly Bill 95. The legislation, first conceived by Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills), expands to 85,000 from a current 70,000 the number of vehicles eligible to carry a so-called green sticker. The sticker allows drivers of such low-polluting cars to use carpool or HOV lanes, even if they carry no passenger… [Read More...]
Free CERT Training in Topanga, August 1, 8, 15, 22
When emergency help is not moments away, CERT training is what you need. In an emergency, wouldnt you love it if your neighbor knew first aid and CPR? Or knew how to safely remove an injured person from a damaged structure? That person canand shouldbe you. The Topanga CERT Team, supported by the Los Angeles County Sheriffs and Fire Departments, is proud to present CERT training for the public, free of charge. The full course will be presented on f… [Read More...]
Canine Corner: Shelter Shock
Dog rescue is not for sissies. It is certainly one of the most rewarding things I have ever done, but it is also one of the hardest. I wouldn't even call myself "a dog person." I actually prefer cats when it comes to pets. But I would say I am an animal lover and my heart goes out to the plight of shelter dogs more than any other creature on this earth. It isn't as if we can neuter or spay them and release them all ba… [Read More...]
Four California Theme Parks Join Forces at ScareLA, August 8-9
Summer Halloween Con unites Creative Masterminds Behind Popular West Coast Scare Attractions. Following last years wildly successful Making Monsters stage panel, ScareLA, the first West Coast Halloween convention, is excited to announce its sequel presentation, Making Monsters: The Art of Terror, August 8, 1:30 p.m., at the Pasadena Convention Center. Hosted by Rick West, Programming Producer for ScareLA and Founder and Editor of Theme Pa… [Read More...]


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Co-founder Oliver Hinton, a former Realestate.com.au executive and CEO of digital start up, First Digital Media, believes offering event organisers the very latest technology for their event, coupled with some of the lowest fees in the industry, is resonating well with event organisers. "Ticketebo's offer is simple: deliver stunning event pages which enhance our organiser's event; make it quick and easy for customers to buy their tickets (on all devices); and pass on the savings of our digital operation via a low fee structure."
Ticketebo's fees of just 3.85% are some of the lowest in the industry. And more than half of their event organisers, especially charities and fundraising organisers, also take up the option of passing on the booking fee to their customers, enabling them to receive the benefits of a full online ticketing solution for free.
"Ticketebo provides the most efficient & professional online ticketing product we have found, backed up by great customer service. All of which costs us nothing", says Day on Oak St Festival Director, Margie Read Flavell.
Event organisers using Ticketebo's event management solutions include the iconic regional festival The Man from Snowy River Bush Festival, leading gourmet food festival Truffle Kerfuffle, wedding exhibition specialists Bridal Expos Australia, music festivals Between the Bays Music Festival and Illawarra Autumn Jazzfest, as well as charities such as Western Health Foundation and Organ Donation & Transplant Foundation.
For more information about Ticketebo's online ticketing and online event registration services, visit www.ticketebo.com.au or contact Ticketebo on +61 (0)3 9005 7750 or email email@example.com.
Source: http://www.ticketebo.com.au/
About Ticketebo:
Headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, Ticketebo is a leading eCommerce web platform delivering online ticketing and event registrations solutions for event organisers across Australia. Launched in August 2013, Ticketebo utilises leading digital technology and optimal design to deliver stunning event web pages, together with some of the lowest ticketing fees available in the industry.
Media Contact
Oliver Hinton
+61 (0)3 9005 7750
Oliver Hinton
+61 (0)3 9005 7750


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Original recipe yields 24 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
Yum! Very tasty! I made my own self-rising flour using the recipe here on AR (1/2 teaspoon salt, 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder, 1 cup all-purpose flour). I used semisweet chocolate chips for ...
I just made my first batch of these tonight, even though the submitter of this recipe said to wait until they cool before cutting, sorry but my hubby and i could not wait, it was heavenly biting...
These were very good! I used regular sugar b/c that's all I had and followed Marianne, and made my own self-rising flour. I may have used a bit more raspberries and chocolate chunks than called ...


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Daren Bell's Girlfriend Wouldn't Let Him Bring a Pit Bull in Her Car, So He Slit Her Throat
Tarrant County
Daren Marcus Bell was visiting his cousin in Arlington on January 17, 2012, when he found a stray pit bull. He was looking for a dog and decided to keep it, a fact he didn't mention to his girlfriend until she arrived to pick him up.
She was not quite so keen on the idea of keeping a pit bull and refused to let it into her car. They began to argue. So Bell, 44, did what any man who's spent much of the past two decades behind bars for drugs, armed robbery, beating up police officers, burglary, and domestic abuse would do. He pulled a box cutter from his coat pocket and slit his girlfriend's throat.
The girlfriend, a 7-inch gash across the front of her neck, nearly bled to death. She was saved by doctors at John Peter Smith Hospital.
It took a jury two hours today to decide that Bell was guilty of the attack and that he should spend the next 50 years in prison, according to the Tarrant County District Attorney's office. He'll be eligible for parole in 2038.
Assistant District Attorney Amy Collum, noting Bell's lengthy criminal history, most of which took place in his native Illinois, said the jury "did what should have been done long ago. It will be at least 25 years before Daren Bell has the opportunity to terrorize anyone else."
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Capture outstanding photos and Full HD 1080p videos from a distance, even in low light, with the Nikon COOLPIX L820. Its superb 30x optical zoom NIKKOR glass lens has both super-telephoto and wide-angle capabilities zoom in for highly detailed closeups, or zoom out and bring the whole scene into the frame. A 16.0-megapixel low-light CMOS image sensor helps you shoot natural-looking, crisp photos at parties, weddings, concerts and more; and it's ergonomic design features a larger grip and 3-inch LCD for maximum shooting comfort, speed and control. From family reunions to travel, you'll bring home amazing memories with ease.
Every COOLPIX is designed around a genuine NIKKOR glass lens, the legendary optics that have made Nikon famous. The COOLPIX L820 features a 30x zoom NIKKOR lens that takes you from wide-angle group shots to telephoto close-ups in an instant. And don't worry about a little camera shake lens-shift Vibration Reduction keeps the shot steady even when your hands are not.
Imagine being able to shoot without a flash at weddings, concerts, parties anywhere your flash normally fires. You won't have to interrupt a moment to capture it, and your photos and HD videos will look more natural and true to your memory. The COOLPIX L820 performs so well in low light situations that, in most cases, using the flash is optional. Of course, when the lighting is extremely poor and you need a flash, it'll be there.
If you want a compact camera that shoots stunning HD videos, the COOLPIX L820 delivers. 1080p Full HD means exceptional video quality. Record the action, then connect to an HDTV and watch your videos come alive. A built-in mic records high-quality audio in stereo. Your videos will look and sound phenomenal.
I wanted a bridge camera to ease myself into the DSLR world and this camera is PERFECT. I get sharp, crisp and clean pictures, the zoom is smooth, and it is easy to use. The video this camera produces is superb. Audio is clear, video is sharp, no lag, no dropped frames, color is spot on, and the focus is good. Truly a beginners bridge camera.
This is a versatile camera for most situations.The 30x lens is amazing.I have taken shots in the early evening from my 9th floor apt.with very good results.They were hand held.Also it is light weight and easy on my arthritis.Yes I recommend this camera
I read many reviews before buying this camera to replace an older Nikon that was no longer functioning properly. I have not used it long enough to rate it 5 stars but I am hoping that it lives up to its reviews. Although this camera is a bit bulkier than my previous camera, it takes great photos and I love the zoom. I am also a fan of the crop feature on Nikons I bought rechargeable batteries for it and so far everything is great.
It's a nice camera for casual use, small and light enough to carry anywhere. the image and video quality is good for the camera size and type. very nice zoom. There is no viewfinder and it works on AA batteries, I guess for some people its a plus (larger LCD and batteries you can find anywhere), I don't love it. also, you have to use some pressure to close the memory card + batteries slot cover and it seems quite gentle. I wonder if in time it will stay the same or get weaker.
I was so excited to get this camera at a good price and with all these features,I know i will never change my camera again.
I never used a digitally camera before, thought it would be difficult to learn, but after watching the CD and just experimenting with it, it was a breeze. so many different options!! I LOVE IT.
Did quite a bit of searching for my new camera to replace the old workhorse Panasonic Lumix. This camera had some neat specs and great reviews so I decided to give it a shot. So glad I made this choice. My first picture attempts were of a 4th of July firework display here in my hometown. One word....WOW!!! Set the camera on the fireworks scene, set up the tripod and began firing off pics. Then took a quick video just to check quality levels. This camera performed like a champion, color saturation was truly remarkable for a night scene, the video and pics both were balanced and full of color and depth. Next it was time for birds on the feeder. In a mere few minutes I had some great shots at both medium and full zoom, clear bright, colors popping. I never knew doves had a bright blue band around their eye before I snapped this pic. Add that to the onboard editing features which quickly allow for cropping and on the fly editing and you have yourself a real treasure trove of fun to experiment with as you shoot more. I would highly recommend this to anyone who wants a very simple to operate camera but still wants some of the bells and whistles of our higher end DSLR brethren. Comes with a nice Coolpix strap, all the chords for charging and computer/television hookup, you really can't go wrong. Read reviews, see how well this camera performs for others in all kinds of scenarios and have fun shooting!!!!!
I use the camera mainly for family photos and landscape photos. I am happy with the quality of photos and I love the optical zoom.
This camera is so easy to use! Even for us in our fifties! This is our first "nice" camera and we were worried we would mess it up, but it is so simple! Love it! Will be taking this on our first cruise to the Caribbean this weekend!
Pros: Has more options than my old Nikon Coolpix L24 without a major cost increase. Like the L24, it uses AA batteries, so I don't have to remember to keep rechargables at the ready. Controls and operation are so similar to the L24's that there isn't much of a learning curve, though the increased size of the L820 takes some getting used to. Cons: Many reviews of this camera rated the zoom very highly, but I find it only slightly better than the insensitive and frustrating zoom on the L24. 'Hard to get a fine adjustment since the zoom advances & recedes so quickly. Wish it had a lighter touch.


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|PHP Developer - Remote Featured Job
Clayton Kendall
Monroeville, PA, United States
May work remotely from another country
As a valued member of our team, you will be responsible for building new and customizing existing B2B e-commerce apps.
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|Agile Project Manager (WordPress)
Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Our next Agile Project Manager will hold a pivotal role with all of our projects, developers and clients in the cutting edge world of online video.
This position requires a fast ramp-up with training directly from our company management.
If youre not a take-charge person, please dont apply. Were based in Minneapolis and Denver but the position can be fully-telecommute.
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|WordPress Front-End Developer/Designer
Wharton, TX, United States
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Anticipated start date: Immediately
Position is a full time remote position. Candidate must be based out of the US.
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|Experienced Plugin Developer
Los Angeles, CA, United States
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We´re looking for an experienced WordPress plugin developer who can build a custom dashboard plugin using modern social media API feeds.
Remote work.
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|Software Development Manager
Indianapolis, IN, United States
May work remotely from another country
You will work directly with the product managers and product design leads to help scope and hand off product features to the development team.
We provide a remote work environment that is flexible and provides great freedom for those who can perform. With that said, relocation is not required if outside Indianapolis.
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|Senior Backend WordPress Developer
, United States
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Seeking a Senior WordPress Backend Developer (PHP/MySQL) to contribute to our growing, talented team of WordPress Jedis.
You must be highly motivated to complete projects while working remotely.
Please Note: This position is for US and Canada based developers only.
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|PHP developer with heavy Drupal experience for a
Risskov, Denmark
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At our company we are currently looking for 1-2 skilled and passionate PHP developers to enter our team and represent our new tech team based in Manila / the Philippines.
We are aiming for a permanent employment and will start off with a 6 months contract.
We offer a monthly salary of PHP 25.000 45.000 depending on skills and further agreements.
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|Junior PHP Developer - Full Time
San Diego, CA, United States
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We are looking for a full time junior developer for our application and you will be reporting to our lead developer.
You must be able to work during US hours Monday through Friday. You will be on a small team of junior developers and must be able to work in a team environment.
As this position will be remote, good communication is key to ensuring that everything runs smoothly.
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|Senior PHP fejlesztö
Budapest, Hungary
A mellébeszélést nem, a konkrétumokat szeretjük. Szeretjük a munkánkat, és elvárjuk a jó teljesítményt.
Nem mindig szeretjük meginni este 6-kor a negyedik kávét, de azt igen, amikor végül sikerül megoldani egy problémát.
Szeretünk tanítani és tanulni. Közel egy évtizedes tapasztalatunkkal e-learning rendszerek kialakításában, tananyagfejlesztési és képzési projektekben, egyedi webes megoldások fejlesztésében segítjük ügyfeleinket.
Olyan munkatársat keresünk, aki hasonló dolgokat szeret. Akinek nem az a fontos, hogy 8-tól 16-ig egy irodában üldögélhessen, kétóránként lemehessen a büfébe, és a kollégákkal csevegjen, hanem lelkesedik a munkájáért, képes önállóan, jól végezni a dolgát, képes az idejét saját magának beosztani, felelösséget vállalni és a határidöket pontosan betartani.
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|Wordpress Developers (Interns only)
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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An Online Marketplace for Booking Home Classes in your Area.
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|Software Engineer (Full Stack)
Boston, MA, United States
Help shape and implement new features within our company's web applications.
This means working with the rest of the engineering team (fellow developers, designers, and product owners) as well as sales and support folks to figure out what we should (and shouldnt) be building and how to build it well.
Do this all from your home somewhere in the United States or from our office in Boston.
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|Front area developers
Madrid, Madrid, Spain
At least 3 years experience in PHP5 OOP and experience with PHP frameworks (preferably Symfony2) programming
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|PHP, JS Developer
Ostrava, Czech Republic
Hledáme posilu týmu na pozici vývojáre.
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|Front-End And PHP Developer That Loves WordPress
Ann Arbor, MI, United States
May work remotely from another country
We are looking for front end developers that absolutely love WordPress and responsive design. This position could be full-time, part-time or a contract with set hours.
Located in Eastern, Central, Mountain or Pacific time zones. If seeking employee status, must be located within the United States.
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|Experienced PHP Engineer - Remote EU Time Zone
, The Netherlands
May work remotely from another country
We are looking for highly motivated individual with a pleasant personality and good organizational skills to work as a lead PHP developer.
We have a cool team of dedicated employees from around the world. Each one of us works separately from home BUT we function as a team!
Please dont' apply unless you live in a European time zone.
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|Lead Senior Software Engineer
Twin Falls, ID, United States
May work remotely from another country
Our company is seeking a Senior full-stack Developer with leadership experience to act as our technical team lead for a newly formed features team.
This is a full-time staff position located either in Twin Falls, ID or remote. If remote, candidate must be willing to work around regular MDT office hours.
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|Frontend Developer
Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
Focused on great UX with the user in mind, the main goal is to build a userfriendly, scalable and maintainable frontend.
This job is focused on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and light backend work, NOT design.
You will also need to collaborate with the Backend and SysOps team. Keep in mind that you must ensure that our GUI as high performance and responsiveness to requests.
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|Backend Developer
Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
Focused on great UX with the user in mind, the main goal is to build a scalable and maintainable front and backend.
So you will need to build and design large scale applications for our platform to support millions of requests every hour and provide realtime information analysis.
Do some SQL magic, integrate the back-end with the front-end. The primary focus will be development of all server-side logic, definition and maintenance of the database, and ensuring high performance and responsiveness to requests from the front-end.
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|Web Developer
Boulder, CO, United States
TeamSnap is seeking an experienced software developer with a broad skill set to help build the next generation of our club & league product.
Our company is about 3/4 distributed and 1/4 located in our office in Boulder. Weve done that since day one and its part of our culture. We are seeking U.S.-based candidates only at this time. Light travel will be required for meetings in our intergalactic HQ in Boulder, or meetings with fellow developers in other locations.
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|API integration with S2Member
, Cyprus
May work remotely from another country
I need somone to connect my payment gateways solution via API with S2Member for the following actions.
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|PHP Developer
Esfahan, Isfahan, Iran
May work remotely from another country
We are looking for a talented PHP developer to join our company.
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|Sr. Full Stack Engineer
ServMask Inc.
Bangkok, Thailand
May work remotely from another country
Our company was founded in 2014 at San Francisco, CA by experienced technology professionals. All of the founders have startup experience with successful exits.
We currently have offices in USA, Asia, and Europe. We accept people from everywhere as long as they have the fastest Internet connection in town and speak English fluently.
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|Full Stack Developer
Las Vegas, NV, United States
May work remotely from another country
Our company, an online marketing platform that focuses on both desktop and mobile content monetization.
As recipient of multiple awards, our company has been named to the Inc. 500 list for Americas fastest growing companies on two separate occasions with a peak rank of #40 nationwide.
Our company is a very forward thinking company that allows for a strong work-life balance with many of our staff members working remotely.
We are currently seeking a candidate that can fill the role of full-time Web Developer to work on a variety of online advertising and marketing products. Salary will depend on experience.
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|Full Stack Developer (PHP, JavaScript, etc.)
Modern Teacher
Chicago, IL, United States
May work remotely from another country
At our company we have a job to do. We're changing the way education works in the classroom. We build blended learning software that makes hands on digital education available for k-12 kids at the moment of learning.
We face many problems. For example, we recently solved how to deliver 1mbps video per user to 4000 kids in the same school at the same time, with no drain on the school network.
To do this difficult yet rewarding work, we're building an exceptional team of multi-talented engineers.
Engineers who are polyglots, comfortable working with all aspects of the tech stack (hardware, software, backend, frontend, mobile, and more).
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|Create and Modify forms, Crud, Db, Validation
montreal, Canada
May work remotely from another country
Need custom fixes and creation or modification of forms, db, validation and integration into existing CRUD application.
Must be fluent in jQuery, core PHP and MySQL.
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