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|Macklin, Richard
|Oral History of Richard Macklin, Interviewed by Bart Callan, April 15, 2005
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|Macklin, Richard
|Callan, Bart
|Atomic Bomb; Clearance; Dormitories; Health; K-25; Manhattan Project, 1942-1945; Oak Ridge (Tenn.); World War II; X-10; Y-12;
|Beyer, Harold; Knight, Jerry; Rappaport, Herman; Seaborg, Glenn Theodore; Vyer, Harold; Vyer, Harriett;
|Chattanooga (Tenn.); Chicago (Ill.); Columbia University; Jamaica High School (N.Y.); New Haven (Conn.); Paducah (Ky.); Portsmouth (Ohio); Queens (N.Y.); Salina Hall; Sweetwater (Tenn.); Yale University;
|Bell Laboratories; Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); U.S. Army; Union Carbide;
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|1 hour, 3 minutes
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|Oak Ridge Public Library
|Copy Right by the City of Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Disclaimer: "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise do not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof." The materials in this collection are in the public domain and may be reproduced without the written permission of either the Center for Oak Ridge Oral History or the Oak Ridge Public Library. However, anyone using the materials assumes all responsibility for claims arising from use of the materials. Materials may not be used to show by implication or otherwise that the City of Oak Ridge, the Oak Ridge Public Library, or the Center for Oak Ridge Oral History endorses any product or project. When materials are to be used commercially or online, the credit line shall read: "Courtesy of the Center for Oak Ridge Oral History and the Oak Ridge Public Library."
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|For more information or if you are interested in providing an oral history, contact: The Center for Oak Ridge Oral History, Oak Ridge Public Library, 1401 Oak Ridge Turnpike, 865-425-3455.
|Center for Oak Ridge Oral History
|McNeilly, Kathy; Stooksbury, Susie; Hamilton-Brehm, Anne Marie; Callan, Bart
|Searchable Text
|K-25 Oral History Interview Date: 4/15/05 Interviewee: Richard Macklin Interviewer: Bart Callan [1:00:07] Callan, B.: Go ahead and state your name and spell your name out for us as you'd like to have it preserved on tape. Macklin, R.: R-I-C-H-A-R-D M-A-C-K-L-I-N Callan, B.: How old are you? Macklin, R.: 84. Callan, B.: Why don't you give me some background about yourself and tell me where you were born, and you can expand on your childhood or growing up if you want to. Macklin, R.: I was born in New York City actually, Long Island section of the city called Queens, went to Jamaica High School, got a scholarship to go to Yale University. Managed to get through there and finished up and got my Ph.D. and applied for a job in New York in the middle of World War II. Got a job with Union Carbide Company that started me off at Columbia University, where I was preparing to work down here in Oak Ridge. Laid out the physics lab in the back of K-1004A, the back end, the library was in the front end of "A", and there was also a "B" lab, which mostly did alpha counting and a "C" lab that did spectrometry. Callan, B.: How old were you when you graduated, before you came to Oak Ridge? [1:02:36] Macklin, R.: I was born in 1920, so I guess when I actually came to Oak Ridge, I was still 23. Callan, B.: And you said you lived in New York entirely before you came down here? Macklin, R.: Except for New Haven, Connecticut, where I went to school. Callan, B.: Why did you come to work at K-25? What was it that attracted you to come? How did you hear about it? Macklin, R.: Well, I was just looking for a job. I'd interviewed with Bell Labs and a couple of other companies I think. These people thought well, you know, you got an uncertain draft status, and we want you. Callan, B.: So what company was it that you were interviewing with that you got out to K-25? Macklin, R.: Union Carbide. Callan, B.: When you came out here in 1944, what were your first recollections, first thoughts, when you arrived out here and saw K-25? Macklin, R.: Well, it was still a place in construction. [1:03:47] Callan, B.: What was that like? What did it look like? Macklin, R.: Oh, mud on the roads; buses to go back and forth from the dormitory with one little room. Callan, B.: Was it something different than you'd ever seen before? Macklin, R.: Well, it was an industrial place. I wasn't familiar with such a place, of course. Nobody was. [laughs] There were a lot of interesting people. Callan, B.: What years did you work out at the K-25 site? Macklin, R.: '44 to '52. Callan, B.: After '52, did you stay out here and transfer to a different site? Macklin, R.: Yes. Callan, B.: Can you give me your background at K-25, including the years, and what you did after that? Macklin, R.: Over at X-10, I guess you would call it, I worked in a physics division over there for a long time. They changed names to neutron physics and so forth -- retired finally in 1990. [1:04:59] Callan, B.: How did you commute to and from work? What were the living conditions? Macklin, R.: I mentioned busses already. I have a recollection of one, which going down the hill to K-25 did a bump, bump, bump, broke off a front wheel. So it went rolling down the hill, crossed over the lanes. Cars were dodging it on the way up. They telephoned and called up another wooden bus, picked up everybody and moved us on; got us going. Callan, B.: Is that how everybody got to work, was by bus? Macklin, R.: At that time. Callan, B.: Where did you live? What were the living conditions like? Macklin, R.: Oh, it was called Salina Hall and it had dormitory rooms, one room per person and a bathroom where you can wash the mud off your shoes as soon as you got home. You went out to eat in a cafeteria. Callan, B.: If I had absolutely no background, what was the work that was done at K-25? How would you describe it? [1:06:24] Macklin, R.: Well they were getting a factory running basically. My own job was in the, as I said, in the laboratory division. Things were, you know, very friendly. One of our jobs was to run around all over the plant, collect little samples, and bring it back to the lab and see if they had any activity on them and things like that. Callan, B.: Tell me about some of your most vivid memories about the time that you spent at K-25. Macklin, R.: Here we go! Vivid memory of a fairly short fellow named Herman Rappaport. He wasn't directly involved in the lab. I think he might even have been running around taking messages to people and things. He liked to be the first one to know everything. So, when he heard people saying, "Here comes Herman," he thought it referred to him and when they were shutting up about Herman, it turned out this was a code name for some equipment that was coming down to lab "B", and it's going to be a special room back there, that was barred off and a lot of work going on to make to extra special, concrete walls, locked doors. It had a hole in the floor to pull some radium up out of. Turned out that the Herman that was being talked about was a thing on four pipe legs, a big fat sort of thing about as tall as you are; a project my colleague, Harold Beyer, who worked up at Columbia and had a Ph.D. in physics. It was supposed to be shipped down form Columbia any time. So they were talking about its arrival and when it was due and when it was postponed to, and so forth. [1:08:34] But Herman got very upset about this, that people were talking about him behind his back and they wouldn't say anything. So the people over in the mass spectrometer lab, as I remember, are the ones that came up with the idea that well we'll modify this and call it Big Herman and boy, that got to him! [laughs] Callan, B.: Was he a big guy? Macklin, R.: He was a little, short fellow, proud as a peacock. [laughs] Callan, B.: Oh what a story! Macklin, R.: You get the joke, right? [laughs] Callan, B.: (indiscernible) Macklin, R.: That's the sort of thing that went on, good camaraderie. [1:09:22] Callan, B.: Any other interesting stories or any other vivid recollections that you have? Macklin, R.: About that story? Callan, B.: Any stories about K-25. Macklin, R.: Oh yes. I had a whole bunch of them lined up. Callan, B.: This is the stuff I'm looking for, so please just keep going. Macklin, R.: One of our jobs was taking around a little needle of platinum coated around the outside with a tenth of a gram or so of radium to carry around in a lead container and put into a lead block that would slip into a -- we had a long pair of tongs, pick it up and put it in carefully. That was a small amount of activity, but it was more than anything else around. And we switched this over to other employees. There were many Army people with us. In fact, we wound up with a group of about 22; I think, I counted at one time before they split off into second activities. And this was to look at the intensity of radium, gamma rays that would get through the number of tanks that were at the top of the plant, sort of scrubbers for the off gas, leaked out of everything. [1:10:49] And they would gradually fill up with -- picked up some uranium, and the uranium would be less responsive to the gamma rays going through and so forth. So we would carefully map these every week or month or anything there was a special reason to. And one day, of course, one of the people that were measuring managed to let his tweezers slip. He didn't notice it at the time, but later when they got back to the little office where they plot up their results and see whether they needed to change out this trap or not, they sort of set that alarm going. We've lost our radium. And radium was very valuable in those days. We didn't want any of that setting around or somebody could break it or eat it or anything happen. So we got dispatched over the lab quick to check up on these guys, find out where they'd been, what they'd been doing, take along some primitive portable Geiger counters that you listen with the earphones on your ears and it goes click, click, click all the time from normal cosmic rays and all that. So we started scouting all around and around and up the hole and down; got everybody out of there, of course, first; didn't want anybody contaminated. I got about 40 feet away in one direction. My colleague got off in the other direction. Finally says, "You know, that sounds a little louder than it did." We went a little further, a little closer. "Hey, we got it. Come on let's see what we can find here." [1:12:38] And we tracked it down to a big metal trash barrel. So we got sheets of paper and laid it out and poured the stuff out and divided the stuff in it in a pile here, a pile there. Finally found that there was the radium. Got it back in its lead container and went dashing off. But they got a rather unpleasant boss at the time, and when he saw me heading for the bus afterwards, he said, "What do you mean quitting with this stuff sitting out here in the plant? Don't you have a responsibility?" And we found it, and I dashed home to get home on my bus. Callan, B.: Oh wow! Yeah, these are very unique stories, let me tell you. As far as the safety and the handling of materials, it sounds like everybody was pretty cautious overall. Macklin, R.: Well, our job was you don't hunt around to see if we could find anything. As I remember there was only one place in the plant that they'd even bother to provide lead shielding around one piece of apparatus. It turned out that was a feed tank they were going to boil stuff out of and it would collect radiations while the uranium went on. They never used it. [1:14:07] The whole place was really very safe. They gradually got film badges that everybody would use. But at first, of course, they didn't have all of that and we were supposed to collect samples wherever we went. Actually were sent down to the thermal diffusion plant that was maybe a mile away, toward the river. See what was going on down there, take samples. They had more stuff escaping, I think, in the steam. They told a story of one of the Army people that had climbed a 20 foot fence to get away from a broken valve or something like, spewing out some fumes. Callan, B.: What did you like the most about working at K-25? Macklin, R.: That we had a great deal of freedom in what we studied. One thing we got to do was to compare the product that was coming from the first stage at Y-12 with a product that had gradually built up to running the plant at the stage to make the same concentration of 235. The 234 that was in it, of course, was much more enriched at Y-12. So we were able to prove there was a penetrating radiation from enriched uranium. We thought gee this would be a good thing to keep as a secret. But it turned out that as soon as we got into a classified report, it got declassified by Glenn Seborg and put in his table. [1:16:01] But we had people building portal monitors that could pick up this radiation, even though our colleagues were telling us, "Gee, you know, it could hide that pretty fast if you put your uranium inside a lead peg." So there you are trotting out the door with a lead box. Well, of course, we would find that with a metal detector. Well you didn't have to use a method. You could use a litharge a compound of lead to do the same job. So it's not going to be perfect, even you did have a secret, nobody knew there was such a radiation, even to look for. Those days are gone. It's published. Callan, B.: What did you dislike about working at K-25? [1:16:48] Macklin, R.: Nothing much to dislike about it. You know, it was rough and tumble and all that. At first, they had a laboratory directory and they thought that measuring alpha activity was going to be a big thing and they devoted a whole wing of the lab to that. It worked pretty well when you have very little enrichment if you're running tests on whether so and so's machine or another approach had produced some enrichment of uranium. But once you started to try and make it quantitative -- then the difference between 234 and 235 wouldn't show up very well. So then they thought of mass spectrometers, which measure the masses more directly. And that worked pretty well except the fellow that first had done spectrometry and found that the side effect that was difficult. A man named Mosely that worked in England discovered different isotopes of elements. He found that when he first brought fluorine into his machine, it resurrected the ghosts of all the other samples he'd ever measured. So K-25 then they found that if you tried a mass spectrometer machine on a sample that was a little different than what it had looked at before, you tended to get a little bias in your result. In other words, you're contaminating your sample with your measuring machine. [1:18:037] So that led to another investigation, "How can we calibrate all these things and restrict each one to a narrow range of assays correct for this?" We got into that too, to use this newer machine that I'd mentioned, Big Herman. And show that they really had cleaned all the 235 out of the sample down to a very negligible amount for some special samples. Then they could gravimetrically combine high enrichment and low enrichment to make an exact intermediate value and use that to calibrate the various machines that they had used to maintain inventory. Of course, they were trying to live up to ever-tightening restrictions on a modest handful of uranium. You could not explain this to just where it is or what it's doing, compared to the tons that they had at the plant. Callan, B.: You're pretty familiar with the layout of the K-25 building? Macklin, R.: The layout? Callan, B.: Yeah. If I'm someone that has never seen the building before, describe to me what K-25 looked like and -- [1:20:15] Macklin, R.: It looked like a U-shaped building. And it essentially followed the enrichment of the uranium. You started at a low point but not at the bottom, and you de-enriched the stuff at the bottom, and you enriched the stuff as you went on and up. It was made in circulating cells, as you went along. And the top section was most of the control equipment, and the lower section was the blowers that blew the gases through the separating equipment. Callan, B.: Just kind of move through K-25, as much as you can recall, the different levels. And so, at the bottom, there's what people call the vaults. Describe the vaults to me and tell me what they were used for and what they were like. Macklin, R.: Well, they were kept at a high temperature to keep the material in a gas form. We once had to go in and survey inside. They just dressed up in extra heavy clothing, carried detectors around, made samples, inside of the cell, I guess they called it. It had maybe six circulating things, feeding one another, input and output, and maybe 100 or 200 of these different cells of different sizes, depending on where you were in the plant. I think the temperature there was like 130 degrees, Fahrenheit. So we were pretty well protected in our suits; didn't stay there for very long. [1:21:03] Callan, B.: Those were inside what is the -- Macklin, R.: Inside the sealed separating units. Callan, B.: And that was on the cell floor. Below the cell floor, they've got these concrete structures they called the vaults. This was underneath -- Macklin, R.: I'm not sure what you mean. I suppose there were some things to lower down, to circulate the air, and those sorts of stuff like that. I had the impression that there was sort of -- most of the equipment was on a bunch of concrete peers to support it all because it was very heavy stuff on the main floor. And then the upper floor was just very light and had walkways and bicycle ways. We used to bicycle one end to the other. It's over a mile long. Callan, B.: Then above the main floor, there was a pipe gallery, correct? Did you ever go up into the pipe gallery? Macklin, R.: Oh yeah. I did. Callan, B.: Describe the pipe gallery to me. Macklin, R.: Well, pipes here and there, pipe railings on the walkways as they say. You could ride a bicycle down them. They're just walkways. This was the place where we'd survey the off gas traps. They were filled with carbon nodules, basically. Sort of trap you use on a steam plant, if you had a small one. [1:23:48] Callan, B.: What about the operations floor? No one has ever told me anything about the operations floor. What were the controls like? What did the operations floor look like? How did they work to open and shut the valves? Macklin, R.: Two levels, I guess you'd say. One was looking at just your particular little building's worth and see if the pressures were right to feed dry nitrogen to some of the rotating parts where it would sort of flush uranium back in and air with moisture in it out. And then there was the main control room down at the elbow of the U that had recording equipment for what was going on, how much was flowing from here to there and here to there. Sorted building by building, even been some talk of trying to preserve that room. It looks about like a control room in a reactor or control room in an electric plant. [1:25:01] Callan, B.: Were most of the valves operated by the central control room just by pushing a button? Macklin, R.: That's another one I got into. My worst embarrassment, I guess; well, I didn't realize it at the time. I had been asked to study and see well what do we do if we had a big air leak and all this gas inside got pushed up in one place and condensed out on a condenser up at the top end. I had to cool the gas too as it got so much hotter going through all that stuff. So there were condensers all along. Well, it would all get collected together and somehow it would get critical and then we'd have a big accident. So what should we do about that? Well that involved getting into details of how much was where and when and all that. But I came up with a prescription I thought was pretty safe. It would allow you say okay, if you put in two places, I think, of a fast-acting valve, it would separate one section of the plant from the next, just turn it back on itself. It's already spinning around and around in little eddies you might say. Anyhow, and if your block goes too quick, you can stop this sort of an accident from happening. [1:26:30] When my report got reported out to the management and all that, it had been through its local reviews. There was an outside review group, and here came one expert. "Oh, I never saw that graph." The equations were in the paper, locked up in a safe, of course. I guess he got to read it. And he didn't think that was good enough. So they went back and recalculated and after a while it turned out you should maybe move those a little further toward the top of the plant. That sort of cut me out of the criticality business. I wasn't safe enough. [crew talk] [End of Tape 1, Begin Tape 2] [2:00:18] Macklin, R.: -- one was a job for people up at Chicago that wanted a special sample. We got assigned to pick up decay products of uranium in an old feed tank that sat around to build them up. Callan, B.: Let's talk about the next topic that you had on there that we hadn't gone through. Macklin, R.: Okay. This was one was a request for stuff that was called ionium at the time. They wanted to get a sample to do further experiments on. It's a decay product of the uranium 238; its thorium 234, I think. No 230, thorium 230. Of course, it wasn't completely clear at the time. It had a name ionium. So, people suggested yes my little group could go ahead and try to get that sample for them. [2:01:27] So they were supplied with a tank, maybe so big and so tall and screw cap at the top. And we got up a jug of special distilled water, went over to one of the plant feed sections. Had a building like a garage with a big door and a concrete apron out front. We brought along a big wrench to take the valve off of the tank about as big as a human body, I guess. It wasn't really one of the big tanks. And it had an electric hoist to lift it up, pour some water into it, and put the cap back on. We'd take it out on this front apron, take the big wrench that we'd been getting stuff off with and put it on the concrete. We got a couple of people on one side and a couple of the other and they would roll that tank across, go from one group back to the other. And when it got to the wrench, it would give a slop and a slosh and wash the walls off well, where the deposits of ionium was. [2:02:43] We spent maybe a couple of hours at that, and we got tired of counting how many times we'd gone back and forth. So instead of saying, "one, two..." He said troknen, which is a German word for dry -- which is a German word for three. Then I got to the other side, and he said, "ankst" – which is a German word for fear, which is a German word for four. And I was so astonished at that man on the other side; we all just broke down and said, "Geez, that's pretty smart." We finished up the job and then we turned our little tank over to people that were supposed to ship it. And then we didn't hear any more for a couple of days until we suddenly got an alarm call. "It's leaking. It's in an airport over in Memphis," that's on its way to Chicago by air. "Hurry, hurry -- get over there." So we started off, me and my boss at the time. Took the government car to drive down to Chattanooga day and night to get over to Memphis to rescue this stuff and bring it back to Oak Ridge. Well, we got as far as Sweetwater, I guess it was, or about there. A fellow in front of me, apparently was getting ready to talk big time to his girlfriend and he turned into the middle of the field where there's a little entryway where tractors and trucks go in. I was trying to pass him at that point at excessive speeds, I must admit. [2:04:39] I only bumped the back end of him, but they told me if I had been a bus driver, I would have lost my license trying to pass him without sitting back and seeing what he was going to do. So they shipped off another guy with a portable counter by plane to see what was going on, make sure it was safely guarded to where we got there. So we went back somewhat more sedately. And the best I remember was getting near the Memphis airport and the rain coming down so hard you couldn't see through the windshield. You had to open the side window and look out, with your head out in the rain. But we got there, wipe this and wipe that, take it over and count it. The stuff leaking out didn't seem to be radioactive. It was in a big wooden box, and we got it in the truck and brought it along back. So eventually, why, it turned out indeed that this container that we turned over for shipping. We carefully turned upside down and tipped and all sorts of tests done to make sure it was clean. It had been turned over to somebody else yet again to put it in this wooden box. They told them to pack it in sawdust. Unfortunately, the sawdust they used had been in a pile out in the rain. [2:06:19] So when the box leaked -- Callan, B.: It was an issue of wet sawdust. Macklin, R.: So, there was some delay in delivery, but I later heard from the guys in Chicago it was a very fine sample and just what they needed. Callan, B.: That was good it was a false alarm. There was another story that you said you wanted to tell. There was another topic that we hadn't discussed yet. Macklin, R.: Well, I guess you could say that was a little bit embarrassing too. Callan, B.: Okay. Macklin, R.: My girlfriend, close to fiancée, was still up in New Jersey, so we'd write back and forth. The boss' secretary had a fiancée who was in the Army over in England. She needed to be shepherded around, and we went to plays and we went to hikes and things of that sort. Well, she'd wear her engagement ring one day and some days she didn't wear her engagement ring. I eventually figured out that, you know, maybe she had different ideas about what was going on than I did. So things got sort of sticky when Jenny finally came and worked here in the spring of '45. Her trip down after interviewing and being tired, hired so forth. She was on the payroll and ready to move her stuff then, including her car. I went up and helped her move down. [2:07:44] So my colleagues saw an opportunity there. They put on that they were FBI agents. Got me in the front seat of the car, with a driver, and a couple of inquisitors in the back seat and so forth and details of this trip down, whether I had brought a woman across the state border for illegal purposes. And well, they didn't explain until some time after they had gotten us to write all the details down in a letter that this was supposed to be just a joke, you know. We were kidding you. Well I said who my colleague who explained this to me when he gave me back the letter that it would be more of a joke, I could take it better if you hadn't opened the letter, explaining where we stayed in separate rooms at night and so forth. Callan, B.: This is your wife? Macklin, R.: This what? [2:09:17] Callan, B.: This is your wife that you were to marry? Macklin, R.: Yes. Callan, B.: Let me ask you about that. You guys were dating prior to when you were working at K-25? Macklin, R.: Yeah, we had dated to some extent up in New York. We went to some sort of a public thing. I don't think it was a ballgame along with a friend, Harold and Harriett Vyer. Callan, B.: How was it that you got her to come down here and work with you and work with K-25? Macklin, R.: Well at least from my point of view the problem was that they started talking about drafting nurses and sending them off to the warfronts. I thought she might be more valuable down here. I got one of the M.D.s to write to her, and he extrapolated and said he thought it was a love interest here as well. I said it was. And she moved, and didn't go in the Army. Callan, B.: What did she think about it down here? Macklin, R.: Well, she's your other interview just in the other room. She can say for herself what she thought. Callan, B.: Okay. What about communication in general with your coworkers and communicating in a secret setting? [2:10:51] Macklin, R.: Oh, very restrictive. You're supposed to, not to tell them anything. You're supposed to – most people doing things in the laboratory were quite thoroughly aware of what was going on and whether the product was to be used for energy production as it eventually – it has largely been. Callan, B.: Was it hard making sure that you were communicating inappropriately with coworkers? Macklin, R.: We had signs all over. Don't say anything. You could see a sign with the security man here. He says, "Oh, what did I say wrong?" You can't get any guidance on that or they'd let you know what you said wrong and that's classified. [laughs] There wasn't a great deal of classified but a great deal of don't say anything, and then you'll be sure you haven't said anything. Callan, B.: Did you and your wife have different clearance levels? Macklin, R.: Have different -- Callan, B.: I guess levels of clearance. I guess there was different -- [2:12:05] Macklin, R.: No, generally, I think there was just a Q clearance; an FBI investigation and then a Q clearance. Callan, B.: You have told me a little bit about what the physical working conditions were like at the facility but tell me a little bit more about, you know, what was it like working there? You said it was kind of hot on the cell floor. Macklin, R.: Oh, that's inside a cell, not on the floor. The floor wasn't too bad. We wore our old clothes. Expected sometimes to get them messed up, I guess, wore mud on your shoes about died from where they not bothered to pave everything. Callan, B.: What rules out there were important follow? Macklin, R.: What rules important to follow? Callan, B.: Perhaps safety-wise, security-wise. Any important protocols that you had to really pay attention to? Macklin, R.: Well, I guess people had their most concern about was -- the lie detector tests. They'd be afraid that they'd be asked if you ever taken any uranium out of the plant. They knew perfectly well that they walked everywhere and there's probably a little bit of uranium somewhere. And the bottom of their shoes had some on it. Can they say -- about the best they could do, I guess, would be to say, "Not intentionally," and that doesn't go very well with a lie detector man. Callan, B.: How often were lie detector tests given? Macklin, R.: It would vary a great deal with the access one had to information. Callan, B.: And what sort of questions did they ask? I haven't heard anything about lie detector tests. Macklin, R.: Well, probably the sorts that you ask too, disarming sort of ones and then they'd pop a real question in somewhere along the line. How do you like it here? Is anyone giving you a hard time? And on and on. [2:14:32] Callan, B.: What was your supervisor like? Macklin, R.: I had several. The ones that were close to me did just fine. I liked them pretty well. A little further up the line they had a laboratory head who had invested a great deal of his technical interest I guess in the alpha process or alpha counting process extended to -- finally wound up to be just qualitative. He left as soon as the war was over, I think. His assistant who moved up to be lab director was rather a difficult fellow. I had a supervisor in between me and him for a while, finally about 1950 or 1951, he started trying to tell me things to do directly and bypass the intermediate man. I felt my insulation was growing too thin. So I began to look about too when they said, "Well, we've decided we're going to reorganize, and your little physics department back here in the back of lab "A" is going to get down to two people. And you and Jerry Knight can stay with us and all the rest will be moved into other groups or otherwise reorganized." And I thought, well there are people here at X-10 doing work that I would be much more interested in doing, developing new detectors and studying radiations. I think it's time I left. So I got fairly stubborn. I was not going to accept reassignment at K-25, if they were willing to move me, okay, but if not, I was out of here. Callan, B.: Okay. What about your coworkers? What were they like? Did everyone pull their weight more or less? Macklin, R.: Oh, absolutely! Maybe one or two were a bit slower than the rest -- some of them, particularly the Army men -- were very bright fellows. They were drafted into the Army and then assigned to work here. [2:17:18] Callan, B.: So I guess you had people working at this one facility that were workers from different, employed through different companies and also you had the Army folks out there as well. Is that correct? Macklin, R.: Generally, the Army people, I guess were ones that they felt had special training or college graduates and things like that. Callan, B.: What kind of health facilities were available to you? Macklin, R.: Health facilities? Callan, B.: Uh-huh (affirmative). Macklin, R.: [laughs] We had a medical clinic basically. I remember one time I had gotten a bad head cold. The boss had sent me over to the medical department and I think they thought I was drunk, but I don't drink at all. So, they sent me back over to work and the boss would say, "Gee, he's just dragging around here. You better do something for him." And they'd send me back over again. Eventually, I think I got sent home early that day. It was close to New Year's too so they probably had suspicions. [laughs] [2:18:46] Callan, B.: Did they do regular health monitoring? You did a lot of testing on the facility, but was there regular health monitoring done to people while they worked there and what kind of monitoring did they do? Did they do like regular physicals? Macklin, R.: Oh yeah. We had physical exams. As I mentioned earlier, they fairly rapidly started distributing film badges to detect radiation. They developed those further and further to where they'd record neutron exposure, as well as gamma exposure. Callan, B.: Okay. You were working out there during the Manhattan Project. You were out there in 1944. Did you pretty much understand what the function of the K-25 facility was at that time? Macklin, R.: Yeah. Callan, B.: Did most people out there have a pretty good idea of what they were doing? Macklin, R.: My wife used to tell -- maybe she told them again. Her tale of first coming and seeing the plant with some dead trees out a lagoon nearby, said, "Oh, that must be the periscopes on the submarines they're building.' [laughs] [2:20:18] Callan, B.: What about on August 6, 1945, and that was the day the first bomb was dropped? Macklin, R.: I don't think many people got a lot of work done that day. Callan, B.: Well tell me about that day. Tell me -- Macklin, R.: I don't even remember that day. Callan, B.: You don't even remember? Do you remember what the atmosphere was like or what people were doing? Macklin, R.: Newspapers, much hoopla when you got home. What had been on the radio, who said what. Callan, B.: Were people pretty excited? Macklin, R.: Oh yeah, they were excited, but I didn't hear of any going mad. Callan, B.: What did you think? What were your thoughts when the first bomb was dropped? Macklin, R.: Well, I guess -- most people and I were sympathetic with the Army people that were not going to have to invade Japan. Of course, that wasn't entirely clear with the first bomb. [2:21:27] Callan, B.: How do you think that history will view the Manhattan Project and its outcome? Macklin, R.: [laughs] I guess there is some truth to the saying later that the Manhattan Project felt that it really had to make a big splash like that in history; otherwise, they'd be raked over the coals for ages for having spent so much money. So they sort of felt they had to go through with it, some of them. Callan, B.: If you could relive those years that you worked here or relive those years in Oak Ridge and K-25 during the war, would you change anything? Macklin, R.: I wasn't in a position to change anything except myself. I was a small cog. Callan, B.: After World War II, and this is where a lot of the people I've interviewed, they call this the expansion program or expansion period. Do you know much about the expansion period? Where does that begin and exactly what was that? [2:22:53] Macklin, R.: Oh, I was on a couple of review committees so they kept me informed of how things went, some things at least. Callan, B.: What was the expansion program? Macklin, R.: Building more buildings to process more uranium. Eventually, they went to Paducah and Portsmouth in Ohio. They almost started to build a -- Callan, B.: I think Kentucky -- isn't Portsmouth in Kentucky? Macklin, R.: Kentucky, as what? Portsmouth is in Kentucky. Callan, B.: Right. Go ahead. Macklin, R.: Two more plants were built for diffusion work. They started to build one for centrifuge work and called it off at the last minute. Callan, B.: The function was to enrich uranium. The original role was to win the war. What was the purpose for producing this uranium after World War II? Macklin, R.: Well, advertised purpose, and I guess the thing that motivated Washington was the struggle against communism. [2:24:12] Callan, B.: Do you remember any stories or recurrences that happened during this period? Macklin, R.: Well, I remember one I'd heard of. Somewhere in middle to late 50s, I guess, the plant was shut down by a fire in an electrical transformer. So we had no power and everything simmered down and got cold and the uranium precipitated out, turned solid. I had heard that the chemistry lab had discovered a treatment which allowed them to get the things going again afterwards. And in retrospect they said there actually was an electric power line that went over to the X-10 plant that could have kept things moving in warm. They didn't have the sense at the time or the planning to have realized that they might need that. Misuse of it. Callan, B.: They forgot about the simplest answer, probably being the best at that point? MACKLIN, R.: But, of course, they didn't want to let out that their plant was shut down for a period of time, that wouldn't have fitted into their cold war scenarios. [2:25:49] Callan, B.: Right. Macklin, R.: Comfortably. Callan, B.: What are your thoughts now about how the activities accomplished at K-25 revolutionized the world? Macklin, R.: Well, history is an ongoing -- Callan, B.: Well, we got five minutes on this. Macklin, R.: No more tape? Callan, B.: No, we got five minutes left on this one. Go ahead and talk. Macklin, R.: That's five fingers. Callan, B.: Yeah. Macklin, R.: [laughs] Who knows what the future will bring. [crew talk] [End of Tape 2, Begin Tape 3] [3:00:09] Macklin, R.: I think we got through most everything I had. Callan, B.: Is there anything we didn't cover? Macklin, R.: I had a few more details and tried to find why -- [crew talk] Callan, B.: There were a couple of topics on your list that we didn't cover, and I wanted to go back to those and make sure that you had the opportunity to talk about those things. The floor is yours. Macklin, R.: Well, they brought in an expert from out of town at one stage there, educate everybody on statistics. And he tried to make this important to us; the results were duplicate analyses. [crew talk] Macklin, R.: That's four raps. Only four minutes left. Callan, B.: Right. Okay. We're going to go ahead and restart that story for us. Macklin, R.: They brought in an expert to teach us about statistics. First practical example he gave us of why it should be important to us was a linear regression analysis on duplicate samples, which is as the enrichment of uranium went up scatter between them went up and as they go down closer to the bottom of the plant, they got less. And he fitted a nice straight line to this and showed how the statistics should vary and what should be this and that. People finally pointed out to him that extra scatter down at the bottom end of his graph was because the feed point wasn't at the bottom; there was, after all, some uranium 235 in the natural uranium. And that the depleted stuff at the bottom of the plant you should expect another line down there where the scatter would spread. But analysis of variance was a strong thing in those days and when they -- periodically, I guess at least twice, had a sudden increase in the variability in their alpha counting process that they'd spent so much time and effort on. They got one of the experts in statistics to analyze all the steps there where they split the sample they got in half and then they'd split the sample pieces that they'd gotten from that. And then they would finally count everything twice and so forth. So there were stages in the alpha analysis involved in weighing the samples for instance for very thin layers, and they had to have micro balance to do that and had some uncertainties in it and so forth. [3:04:04] Mr. Bailey went through all this and when he got through all he could say was all the variability is right there at the beginning. Can't find what's going wrong. But finally somebody remembered well they'd started a new batch of samples holders, I guess you'd call them. They're like big coins, maybe a couple of inches across. And they were made of nickel and they'd order these things from some plant somewhere. And they'd come in a wooden box and they'd use them from the box until it was finished and then start another box. This big recent change in variability had come on when they started using the new box. So they got somebody to take a look see. And indeed the way these things work, establish electric difference potential essentially put a battery across it set to a higher voltage. Two metal plates, one with the sample on it and one with the collector. And then the radiations that it would emit, in this case alpha particles, would knock apart molecules of the gas in between. You'd get an electric signal that's a current that would flow, eventually very little. And the thing would spike when the electrons got to one side and a smaller spike afterwards when the slower spike, when the ions got to other electrode. And this depended upon the assumption this was a flat, uniform field. So in every visit, the sample showed the same chance of making electricity. But these here nickel plates, the new ones at least, were giving the trouble were not as smooth as the old ones were. So they had little spikes on them, tiny miniscule things, but enough to disturb the electric field uniformity. [3:06:08] So, I had to change their procedures a bit and electro polish all those discs before they'd use them. That cured the problem finally, but the statistics didn't find it. Callan, B.: You said you had one more as well that you didn't. Macklin, R.: I don't think so. Well it had to do with some outpatient work. Essentially, they made criticality measurements on samples of material, where you'd say bring a -- moveable cart and a remote control close to another one so an artificial radioactive source nearby would produce some neutrons and see whether the neutron level went up because of multiplication and certain size and material. And they did the same thing for liquids and containers and try and establish guidelines for how big a can of stuff you could have and how far away it needed to be from other ones and so forth. Callan, B.: That's interesting. You just kind experimenting to see where criticality issues would -- what were these carts like? Were they like little -- [3:07:49] Macklin, R.: Where would you do that? Callan, B.: -- this little remote control car with this thing taped onto, get them close together. Macklin, R.: Well, it was a special building well away from the plant down toward the river. Callan, B.: Okay. Macklin, R.: Later we became a much bigger industry and moved to former vault, as you call it around the hill above Y-12. Callan, B.: What would you say was your most difficult assignment of your career? Macklin, R.: I don't know of one. Oh, I used to courier. Callan, B.: Or maybe the most difficult. Macklin, R.: Anything connected with K-25 was not too difficult. Callan, B.: What would you say was your most significant accomplishment at K-25? Macklin, R.: Publications. We were able to publish much of our work. And of course, a lot of it just died on the vine in classified reports. [3:08:49] Callan, B.: What sort of publications did you publish? Macklin, R.: In Physical Review, studies of radioactivities produced naturally from uranium, studies of gamma rays from enriched uranium for instance, which inadvertently got published by Seborg having put it in his tables. Callan, B.: We're just going to get to some of my wrap-up questions, big picture perspective type questions. Describe what you think future generations should remember about K-25? What should they know? Macklin, R.: The date when it started. Callan, B.: But as far -- you know, let's say we were writing the history books and this is going to be a chapter in this history, how would you describe the significance that people should remember when they reference K-25, or if I were to look up K-25 in an encyclopedia, how would you describe that? What is significant about this place, if you were tasked to write -- Macklin, R.: It started the nuclear age. Up till that point, automobiles were an advance on horses. From here on out, you got the possibility of electric power from the atom that will last for centuries. [3:010:36] Callan, B.: Is there anything else you would like to discuss or expand upon before our interview ends? Macklin, R.: No, sir. Callan, B.: Okay. Well thank you very much, Mr. Macklin. It was a great interview. [End of Interview]


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Sen. Pat Leahy, D-Vt., made it clear on Sunday's "This Week" that he is determined to get to the bottom of the U.S. attorneys scandal and, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, will use subpoenas to do it: "I want testimony under oath. I am sick and tired of getting half-truths on this." Leahy said he wanted to hear from Karl Rove, Harriet Miers and other administration officials linked to the firings.
Saturday's antiwar demonstration in Washington, D.C., organized by activist groups to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the American invasion of Iraq, drew some 20,000 protesters and stirred up strong feelings from supporters and opponents alike.
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This far out from an election, pundits and statisticians frequently turn to national polls for something to talk about, but there's more fun to be had with polling than a hypothetical showdown between candidates who haven't even secured their party's nomination. For instance: according to Gallup, the percentage of people who object to staying on the 13th floor of a hotel is, oddly enough, 13.
A different sort of terror took to the skies last week when a man on a SkyWest Airlines flight relieved himself in an air sickness bag after the captain banned restroom use. The airline has since apologized to John Whipple, whose action, remarkably, went unnoticed by any other passenger.
Ban Ki-Moon said the United Nations is boosting its efforts to address a growing humanitarian crisis in Iraq. Speaking at a U.N. conference on Iraq's economy, the secretary-general urged the 90 nations in attendance not to abandon the war-ravaged country. Update: Iraq unveils a five-year reconstruction plan.
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Apartments Swiss Star Dubsstrasse, Zurich
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 60 smoke-free apartments
- Self-serve laundry
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- In Wiedikon
- Bahnhofstrasse (1.1 mi / 1.7 km)
The only trouble is in locating the hotel and the key box. It is very convenient to have…
You get what you pay for. We only needed a cheap overnight stay therefore we new we…
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Hotel Info: 020 3027 9803from £72
- Deluxe Apartment
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Hotel size
- This hotel has 60 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
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Extra people
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- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
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- No parking
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- Smoke-free property
Nearby Three Star Zurich hotels
In the hotel
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Apartments Swiss Star Dubsstrasse, Zurich's small print
Accommodations are situated at multiple addresses.
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BOSTON (AP) -- The Houston Rockets weren't about to let the
Boston Celtics show them up again.
Cuttino Mobley scored 24 points, and Yao Ming added 21 points
and 15 rebounds to lead Houston past Boston 95-80 Wednesday night.
After losing to the Celtics 97-93 in Houston on Sunday, the
Rockets felt Boston talked too much trash during the game, and did
too much towel-waving afterward.
So the Rockets circled the return date on their calendar and set
out to deal Boston some payback.
"Our coaches told us no matter what, I don't care what you're
winning by or what you're losing by, you never try to degrade a
team. That's what we felt they did when we were in Houston,"
Rockets guard Steve Francis said. "We didn't talk much trash. I
think we proved it on the court,"
The Rockets won their third straight road game and eclipsed 90
points for the fourth game in a row, their longest such streak this
season. All four games have come following an 85-66 loss to Detroit
on Jan. 7 in which Houston tied a franchise low for points.
Ahead 47-42 at halftime, Houston opened a 16-point lead late in
the third quarter with a 14-4 run. Jimmy Jackson pushed the
Rockets' lead to 57-45 with a 3-pointer, and Scott Padgett made it
64-48 with a 3-pointer with 5:41 left in the third.
"I thought we played well. I'm sure they missed some shots they
normally make. Our guys did a good job defensively," Houston coach
Jeff Van Gundy said.
Celtics star Paul Pierce revealed after the game that he had
sustained a bruise between the middle and index fingers of his left
hand against Milwaukee on Tuesday. He aggravated the injury during
the first quarter Wednesday, and scored a season-low four points on
1-of-10 shooting.
"It went numb and it was difficult to catch and hold the ball.
I'm having X-rays tomorrow and I hope it's not seriously injured,"
Pierce said.
Boston got as close as 82-68 with 5:21 left, but Mobley hit
3-pointers on back-to-back possessions to give the Rockets an 88-70
Yao scored 19 points on 9-of-10 shooting from the field in the
first half as Houston built a 42-30 lead midway through the second
quarter. Ahead 34-27, the Rockets pushed their lead to 12 with 5:34
left in the first half thanks to eight straight points from Yao,
who scored on two layups, a dunk and a putback.
Yao got his 16th double-double, and showed once again that
Houston's best chance for success on the perimeter comes when Yao
is clogging the lane.
"It opens up everything. We need him to be that dominant,
whether it's shooting his jump shot, setting picks or dumping the
ball inside," Francis said.
Game notes
Before Wednesday night, Yao had averaged just 8.3 points in
three career games against Boston. ... Rockets forward Kelvin Cato
was scratched from the starting lineup and did not play because of
a sprained left foot. ... Houston improved to 14-1 when shooting
above 45 percent from the field. ... Celtics forward Vin Baker
suited up but did not play for the second straight game following
his return from a three-game suspension. ... Pierce, last week's
Eastern Conference Player of the Week, is the only player in the
NBA to lead his team in points, rebounds and assists.


text:
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11-Year Old Covers Ed Sheeran's "Thinking Out Loud"
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Will Smith & Jimmy Fallon Beatbox "It Takes Two" Using Ipad Mini
Lets just be honest, Jimmy Fallon has taken over the late night talk show game. He has had the most buzzworthy week of late night television that I could ever remember. 62 more words
Shocker: Leaked NSFW Photos Of Kendall Jenner & Kim Kardasian From "Love" Magazine
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Beats By Dre as sponsored a mini movie to go along with Nicki Minaj's new album The Pink Print
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50 Cent Is Selling $100 Undies
Though 50 Cent insists it's difficult for rappers like himself and Kanye West to gain respect in the fashion industry, it hasn't stopped him from pursuing industry-related projects. 80 more words


text:
Town Square
Alza: the last of a breed
Original post made on Aug 20, 2007
Read the full story here Web Link posted Friday, August 17, 2007, 12:00 AM
Comments (1)
a resident of another community
on Aug 20, 2007 at 4:13 pm
Nice article, Don. Alza really has been a great corporate citizen.
I'm sure it wasnt your intent, Don, but I dont think that you painted other corporate citizens of MV in a fair light. Synopsys, especially, does more for the community then anyone should expect (no, I dont work for them), and should be recognized for their contribution, not asked to 'step up'. Microsoft, too. (Again, I doubt that was your intent, but that is how your editorial could be read)
We as a community should do more to acknowledge companies like these that add so much to our city. Thanks, Don, for getting it front and center. I look forward to seeing a strong outreach by the Voice into the community as well.
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text:
Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services: Medicare Program; Application of Inherent Reasonableness to All Medicare Part B Services (Other Than Physician Services), GAO-03-359R, B-291770, December 23, 2002
B-291770: Dec 23, 2002
Additional Materials:
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Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
This is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services. It was published in the Federal Register as an interim final rule on December 13. The interim final rule sets forth the process for establishing a realistic and equitable payment amount for all Medicare Part B services (other than physician services) when the existing payment amounts are inherently unreasonable because they are either grossly excessive or deficient. Enclosed is our assessment of the CMS's compliance with the procedural steps required by section 801(a)(1)(B)(i) through (iv) of title 5 with respect to the rule. If you have any questions about this report. The official responsible for GAO evaluation work relating to the subject matter of the rule is William Scanlon.
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About Me
My avatar picture shows my current hair color dirty blonde.
I kinda come off as a very uptight person... with all the rules and blah blah blah.. so I figured I would take a minute to really let you know what I am all about. I typically will come with a mini music box.. if I forget it I likely will sing to you. You may have to tell me to shut up because I love talking almost as much as I love cheese... which is a lot if you didn't know. I am bubbly and full of more energy then most people know what to do with. I'm a mover.. you couldn't pay me to stand still.. or stay on the same topic for more then five minutes for that matter. This does not apply to castings, paintings, or live sketches which I do love to do and can sit still long enough for. I love to dance and sing although I am not a dancer I have been told I move like one, though still can only shake my ass like a white girl. Expect to talk and almost be interviewed.. as people are my favorite thing to study I am not much of a party girl and and relatively settled.. as much as I love to travel its not a top priory so if you want me to come to you don't be afraid to ask or it may never happen as I have already been very well traveled. When I do party I tend to be the life of it Modeling is my way of life. I am published.. but not many places. This is by choice. I am not agency represented because I am pretty good at getting by without. In short expect to have one hell of a fun care free time Also I'm not afraid to talk on the phone so you won't get the e-mail run around with me.
Travel Dates:
State park cross country hopping.
-I am a Wisconsin based model and often make trips to Chicago, Milwaukee, Boston, Indianapolis, St. Louis, Memphis, and Florida
-I will never be anything but me.
-I thrive to bring energy and laughter to every photo shoot.
-I love to travel and will gladly come to you if expenses are paid.
-I have a passport
-I do my own hair and make up unless other wise noted
-I am bilingual (espanol) and can do underwater modeling
-I am a mutt : mostly polish and dutch, with a hint of irish, german, and english, a twist of native american.. and a couple drops french-canadian to top it all of
Hola mis amigos! Me llamo Krysti Meer. Tengo pasaporte, 3 anos modelando, puedo posar sexy en cada sesión de fotos, y vengo con mucha energía. Estoy disponible para viajar, pudo estilar my pelo y hacer mi maquillaje. Estoy entusiasmada en trabajar con usted.
I have my own model/photo studio
Specular Studios
2200 Northwestern Ave
Racine, WI 53404
1,000+ sq. ft
available for shooting and rental
Typical Nude Rates as Follows Negotiable!!!
Lingerie & Bikini: $50 per hour
All Implied, Artistic, & Figure work: $100/hr
Glamor, Sexy, & Suggestive: $125/hr
Erotic & Fetish: $175/hr
Half Day: $450
Full Day: $750
There is a two hour minimum whenever I have to drive to you.
(half and full day does not include Erotic or Fetish)
If these rates are too high please read this information at this link http://www.modelmayhem.com/po.php?thread_id=444060
This is my bread and butter. I have very minimal free time for "TF". I prefer to be compensated, whether it be with a session fee (50 per hour two hour minimum at home. half day minimum on the road), clothes, gas, shoes or photography equipment. My compensation is negotiable but I prefer cash. There are always exceptions to this rule so feel free to contact me. The worst that can happen is I will say no... or ask you to do something for me.
For further understanding feel free to watch this short video.
Please feel free to check my credits and references. I will ask for yours and would not expect any less. I am inclined to bring a professional escort that will only be a good influence on the shoot.
My top 12 all have worked with me and can be referenced as well as 100s others.
Message me for more info
Photographer classes one on one how to work with Models
Model classes one on one how to get the most out of every shoot
Piercings: nose, tongue, upper left ear twice and lower ears once. no ink
POTD 18+ Winner 9/15/2010
Highly Recommended Photographers to Models:
- MLP - Wisconsin
- T H Taylor - Wisconsin
- Oscar Rabeiro - Florida
- Marty McBride - Kentucky
- Bill Jones - Indiana
- Lowell Photography - Missouri
- NodakPhoto - North Dakota
- Echo Eidetics - Colorado
- Humberto Patron - Cancun, Mexico
- CapturedSnapshots - Massachusetts
- Meadow Soft - Massachusetts
Thank you for an epic shoot. The shots we took are incredible...I dont think I took 1 bad shot. I am looking very much forward to the next shoot. Photographers, do not hesitate to work with this model and her escort..super cool people and her escort was a huge help.. - John Felici # 37511
Thanks for the Great shoot in NH.... Loved the Professionalism and your since of humor, Talented and Beautiful. - Pixsrbious Productions #1557990
Another spectacular shoot with you today. Note to photographers reading this tag: book this woman today. The best thing to come out of Wisconsin. EVER. - Jeff of Meadow Soft #453402
I had a fantastic time at the shoot yesterday - you are professional, creative, talented and have a great sense of humor! I look forward to future projects together. - Michael of Damsels in Distress #1079639
Great to finally meet and shoot with you. I am so glad we chose you.
Not only are you gorgeous, you've to tons of sex appeal and those "bedroom eyes". That's just the cover. You're also very entertaining and full of personality. What a joy to shoot and be around. Plus, you actually return phone calls and act like a real pro. There should be more like you. Come back to shoot with us anytime. We'll make room for you...Maybe on your shoot we can visit the Dairy Queen - Ken of CapturedSnapShots #56344
thanks again for shooting around with me this weekend, your a true triple threat, looks, modeling chops and more excitement than i bet most could handle...your gonna have to make me be even more super around you just to keep up...lol...like super duper man or something - Benjamin Lambert #29915
You did a great job, you are cute, beautiful, sexy, girly, strong, serious, sophisticated, and silly all rolled into one! - Joe of TMJ Productions #492573
It was great shooting with you last night. It was the most fun I have ever had during a shoot You are gorgeous and really have some mad skills. We shot some awesome images together. I hope to see you again here soon! - Bill Jones Photography #440325
Another, do anything type model. Beautiful, girl next door looks with a wicked bedroom eye look. Would drive through a blizzard to make a shoot. I'm not kidding, she drove through a snowstorm to make our shoot Jake of Echo Eidetics #588810
Thank You for a wonderful shoot yesterday!! You are a great talent and a beautiful person. Fred R of AGPhoto #15876
I just wanted to say thank you for being so great this weekend. I really enjoyed shooting with you Krysti You are such the perfect people person......live and direct if you know what I mean. I hope to come visit again real soon, because I miss my little cheese head already. Roland of RAB Photos # 370738
Please ask me for the people I credit or for any required reference
Also see my top 12 they all have something to say
ANDREW REID PHOTOGRAPHY Photographer
T H Taylor Photographer
EdwinR Photography Photographer
oscar rabeiro Photographer
Bill Jones Photography Photographer
Lowell Photography Photographer
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Talk:Union of Latin American Parties
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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styx - Page 3
Styx, REO Speedwagon + Ted Nugent 'Midwest Rock 'N Roll Express' – Exclusive Photo Gallery
When Styx, Reo Speedwagon, and Ted Nugent announced that they were teaming up this summer for the 'Midwest Rock 'N Roll Express' tour, the classic rock gods had to have smiled down from above knowing they had crafted the perfect trifecta.
Styx Guitarist James Young Says Band Offers Fans Sanctuary in Difficult Economic Times
Styx Bassist Ricky Phillips Discusses New Tour and Playing With Ronnie Montrose
In the now familiar world of classic rock package tours, Styx have become the masters of the concept, touring nearly every summer with a revised approach that somehow never fails to feel fresh.
This summer, they're on the road with their old friends REO Speedwagon. And although there's a definite bond formed through the years of working together, the friendly rivalry between the two still fuels a drive for each to deliver the best show on a nightly basis.
Dennis DeYoung Says He Would Reunite With Styx
Styx Reunion With Dennis DeYoung Will Never Happen!
Tommy Shaw Of Styx Creates His Own Coffee
I enjoy a good cup of coffee. I even wrote a story about "The Best Coffee in Central New York". I have even thought about what it would be like to have my own coffee creation named after me. Tommy Shaw of Styx is living my dream. The Styx frontman is creating his own
Styx And Yes To Tour Together
When I was growing up I was forced to share a bedroom with my older brother Jim. Jim, being the oldest, controlled the stereo and by default shaped my music taste. Needless to say when I heard two legendary bands are touring together this summer, I was having a sever case of vinyl flashback


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Bicycle, walk, or sea-kayak, privately or with small groups. Guided, self-guided, and customized options. Bike the Cabot Trail in Nova Scotia. Walk the Amalfi coast. Do both in Iceland! Add to your bucket list!
Rajasthan-The Land of Maharaja, Forts & Palaces
Noble House Tours offers a window into rich cultural heritage &history of Glorious Rajasthan. Infused with a sense of wonder, each unique Oberoi Hotel & Deogarh Mahal offers travelers a unique perspective of every city. Savour exquisite cuisine, explore historic...
Jesuit Missions and Noel Kempff National Park - Amazon
Visit our National Park in Bolivia, 4 to 6 days excursion, includes private transports, guides, hotels, entrances to parks, from $1380.
Galapagos Island Cruises
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Visit Neuschwanstein Castle, the Salzburg Sound of Music tour as well as most of the most charming cities in Central Europe: Salzburg, Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Heidelberg and Regensburg!
Peru Vacation Travel 22 Days
Unique, escorted tours visiting Lima - Paracas - Nazca - Arequipa Colca Valley Colca Canyon - Lake Titicaca Puno - Cusco Machupicchu Sacred Valley. Services start with airport pickup in Lima.


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Tag Archives: Dick LeBeau
Video: Dick LeBeau Tackles Haywood Jeffires
Since the Steelers are playing Houston this upcoming Sunday this seems like as good a time as any to post this completely random video of a 1989 Bengals-Oilers game. Why? Because Bengals defensive coordinator Dick LeBeau, who looks the same … Continue reading
Posted in Cool Stuff, Random Junk Tagged Dick LeBeau 7 Comments
Marshall Faulk: Not a Huge Believer in the Steelers
It's too bad NFL.com just doesn't have an entire section devoted to "Stupid Things Marshall Faulk Says" because it would make my job a lot easier. Instead, I spent 20 minutes perusing their video archives to unearth some recent nuggets … Continue reading
Posted in 2010 steelers, Postseason Tagged Ben Roethlisberger, Dick LeBeau 16 Comments
Steelers, Packers, Zone Blitzes and Organized Chaos
There are a lot of connections between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Green Bay Packers heading into Super Bowl XLV. For example, you may have heard once or twice that Packers head coach Mike McCarthy is from Pittsburgh (seriously, it's this … Continue reading
Posted in 2010 steelers, Analysis Tagged Dick LeBeau, Ike Taylor, William Gay 2 Comments
Steelers Lounge Podcast #8: Browns-Steelers Preview
In light of this most recent podcast, there's a good chance that Steelers Lounge will cease to exist should the Browns win Sunday. Because we spend nearly an hour talking about how there's virtually no way Pittsburgh loses. Oh, and … Continue reading
Posted in 2010 steelers, Podcast Tagged Ben Roethlisberger, Dick LeBeau 2 Comments
Is This The Year Dick LeBeau Gets Even or Even Better?
In most years, the Steelers keep 26-27 offensive players on their opening-day, 53-man roster to go with 23-24 defensive players and three special teams players. However, the defense looks to get even this year with at least 25 likely roster … Continue reading
Posted in 2010 steelers, Special Teams Tagged Dick LeBeau 3 Comments
In Case You Missed It: Dick LeBeau's Hall of Fame Speech
Dick LeBeau is an interesting member of the Hall of Fame. He's going in for his playing days as a member of the Detroit Lions, but the people celebrating it the most seem to be the fans in Pittsburgh, where … Continue reading
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Bay Weekly's Summer Reading Guide
Leg 8 gives women their first win and Abu Dhabi Racing the 2014-15 Volvo Ocean Race trophy
Counting future stars
Here's how to make it work for you
It's harvest time
The best actor in the film is a dog, who is saved the trial of lines.
Help map out long-term climate changes
Get help with your bills as winter blows in
Store-bought Christmas wreaths and roping may need resurrection
Rockfish are biting, and you've got until December 15 to catch them
These long-distance travelers migrate from the Arctic for our mild winters
Three planets and the moon greet the dawn
Children of the revolutions, we make them out of bits and pieces
Thank your lucky stars that your friends and family don't resemble the people in
A Bay Weekly conversation with Vinnie Bevivino, the mastermind of Chesapeake Compost Works
Composting is only one way creative people are avoiding waste. From art to ecology, the alternatives are as wide as your imgination.
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text: Did you know that women make contributions to twice as many charitable organizations as men do? Studies have also shown that women bring in half or more of the income in 55% of U.S. households. And women ages 50 and older control a net worth of $19 trillion. Furthermore, women are expected to soon control 70 percent of all planned giving assets.


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Copper wire stolen from workshop
Published: Saturday, June 23, 2012 at 5:44 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, June 23, 2012 at 5:44 p.m.
More than 150 feet of copper wire was taken from a workshop in northwest Marion County on Friday.
The owner of the property located on the 2200 block of Northwest 42nd Street discovered the theft on Friday evening, according to Marion County Sheriff's Office reports.
The wire was taken from a electrical box and ran through a plastic pipe to another electrical box that powered large saws. The copper wire was worth approximately $1,000, according to reports.
Anyone with information about the case can call the Sheriff's Office at 732-9111 or Crime Stoppers at 368-STOP.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Object description
The last will and messages of James M Kim, a British Chinese member of the Hong Kong Defence Forces at Stanley Civil Internment Camp, Hong Kong inscribed on his cell wall as a record. - the reason for his execution is unknown. Note that owing to efforts made by the Japanese to erase these messages parts of them are indecipherable.


text: This is a fantastic beautiful old country house with an abundance of character. Beautiful house! It has been furnished with amazing antiques, as well as fantastic paintings. The location is amazing, sitting on the hillside below Staffalo, surrounded by farm fields and vineyards. Amazingly peaceful setting. Adriana and Gian-Carlos were very attentive, friendly and warm hosts. They were very willing... More


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Comment: Re:Dude has a good deal (Score 1) 87 87
This needs to be funded as one of the faith based initiatives that the last two presidents have pushed.
This needs to be funded as one of the faith based initiatives that the last two presidents have pushed.
Rosetta (the craft carrying Philae) took ten years to get there, and required a flyby of Mars and Lutetia to get its vectors and speed right.
And is so small that it's like a fly landing on a townhouse. What's the fly supposed to do? Ask the townhouse to move over?
Something meant to put men on Mars MIGHT be suitable. Or not, depending on the orbit of the particular NEO that turns out to be a threat.
I'd think it likely wouldn't be enough, because a NEO won't have the mass of Mars which we'd use to brake the craft once there. Unless we were sending an impact missile, it might take a lot of time and planning to get there. Rosetta took 10 years and a flyby of Mars in order to match up with a comet.
I meant all the various giant members of what's commonly/historically known as reptilia, including (but not limited to) archosaurs like dinosaurs, pterosaurs and many of the larger/landbound members of crocodilia and aves (birds).
If you're huge, at least somewhat ectothermic, and can't easily migrate, climate change won't be your friend, and evolution will eventually tally the score as "extinct".
Hm... I wonder whether that applies to Americans too...
I would be much happier if we could sustain concern over our infrastructure like roads and bridges and forget about something that will probably never happen in our lifetimes or our great grand children's lifetimes.
Your great-grandchildren probably won't care about your roads and bridges either, other than the cost of repairing them. These days, they're not built like Roman roads and bridges, and don't last for generations.
A plan to save us from NEOs would require some ability to actually reach an NEO before it hit.
Not necessarily. We could find a way to jump some of us aside, or heat up one side of it with lasers from afar, or burrow until the crisis is over, or have congress declare it a non-problem, or have religious people pray for a miracle.
I think the simplest solution is the better one. Let them hit. Evolution will take care of the aftermath. It already has weeded out large landbound reptiles that can't take the heat (or the cold) due to meteor strikes. If the Yucatan big boy hadn't hit, there might have been scaly beings in charge now. Other than lawyers, I mean.
I don't think you're aware of just how power frugal the PIII is. The TDP is 27.9W, which is far less than most laptop CPUs burn these days. And given that the average load is in the 0.01 range, it uses far less. It has run fanless since 2003. Energy is not the issue here.
But a point is the reliability of larger die fabs. Can a Raspberry Pi be reasonably expected to run for 10+ years?
Also, the Pi comes with a single 10/100 Ethernet port, running on a CPU-bottlenecked USB 2.0 bus. Just dealing with a normal amount of packets puts a considerable load on the SoC CPU. And no running backups or NFS mounts at GbE speeds.
Don't get me wrong, the Pi was a fabulous little board, but it was never designed for 24/7 network related operations.
And it's certainly not a replacement for a system that doesn't need replacement.
I dunno either, but my main home server is a PIII, running primary dns, dhcp, smtp and a few other services, and average load in the 0.01 range. It's been running pretty much non-stop since 2003.
There's really no need to upgrade just to upgrade, if the box can do its job without breaking a sweat and can be kept patched up to date.
If PIII machines were available and could run the software, why not?
Pluto is a planet. In fact it is more of a planet than Mercury or Venus are, because unlike them it has its own satellite that orbits it (Sharon).
Your language betrays you, Galilee.
It's Charon, which is pronounced with a hard k. The alternative spelling for the ferryman of Hades is Kharon.
I thought it was a button that changed the SSID to "Pregnant Women".
*sigh* No it doesn't. A unicast reply needs a destination MAC, either the end client or a relay agent. A broadcast reply, however, DOES. NOT.
*sigh* This is wrong on so many levels.
1: The DHCP protocol mandates that every packet contains the hardware address (for ethernet, the MAC address) in the chaddr field.
2: It's the client's call to DHCP servers that discloses the client's MAC address. What replies do is irrelevant.
3: Even if that weren't the case, all packets including replies still contains the client's hardware address in the chaddr field. Without it, bootp dhcp relays would not work, as they do not parse the data segment of the dhcp packages and would not know what the client identifier key is set to.
4: Even if that weren't the case, the DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK and DHCPNAK packets from the server to the client are almost always unicast. No dhcp client in use today will set the broadcast flag on its DHCPDISCOVER or DHCPREQUEST messages - the RFC is pretty clear that only clients that cannot receive unicast replies should set the broadcast bit, all others should clear it. You may find an old Sun box from the 1990s with a bootp client that needs to use broadcasts exclusively before its network stack comes up, but that corner case is so small that it can be ignored for this purpose. And even then, the client must fill in the chaddr field, and the server leave it as is in replies.
But to sum it up, yes, you tell the DHCP server your MAC address.
And modern DHCP servers use that information too, not just the client uid. For one thing, combined with turning off broadcast replies, it allows for restrictions on how many IP addresses can be given to any client (a fairly common attack back when was to keep on requesting and accepting addresses, exhausting the pool).
The DHCP Discover and request packets sent by the client provide the MAC but "you" don't.
That's semantics. Whether the client app inserts it or the network stack adds it does not matter in this context - the DHCP server receives it, and needs it for all directed communication until after the client has received an IP address.
If a client does not send a client ID, the MAC is also normally used to generate a unique but repeatable client ID. Gleaned from the network packets, where it assuredly is present, no matter how you define "you".
Really? You have to tell your DHCP server the MAC of every device on your network?
Unless you're using static assignments ("reservations"), then you don't need to tell the server anything at all.
You have no idea how DHCP works? When you ask the DHCP server for an IP, you do not have an IP address. In order for you to get the reply back from the DHCP server, it needs your MAC address.
Steve Jobs died because he delayed treatment for his cancer while he tried an alternative therapy with no backing by research.
You're invoking magic in the form of clairvoyance here, and as a result, you are no better than the homeopaths. The problem is the word "because". You don't know whether he would have lived.
Of course, choosing homeopathic "cures", if he did that, was extraordinarily stupid, but claiming to know what would have happened is even more stupid.
or between a German Umlaut and an English dieresis
Not to forget languages like Swedish, where à is a letter in its own right, and neither an umlaut nor a dieresis.
That means that technically, when written in a language that uses diereses, the dots can be stacked. A Swedish word like "nÃÃ" (nah-ah) rendered in a language with diereses would be written with two extra dots on the second letter to show that the second à should also be pronounced.
That's where Unicode fails - instead of having the diereses as a separate marker only, it has allowed for characters like "a with diereses", but not for varieties of letters that look like they already have them. What letters look like should not be any concern of Unicode. An à with both umlaut and dieresis added should be perfectly acceptable to Unicode, and how the presenter wants to present it none of Unicode's concern. Whether it shows up with two, four or six dots above it, or a colon before it, or any other visual representation.
You will have many recoverable tape errors.


text:
HOME NHL San Jose Sharks Gear San Jose Sharks Mens San Jose Sharks Mens Shorts & Pants (21 items) Product ID: 1425908
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
$4.99 flat rate shipping. See other shipping options.
- Adjustable waist with drawstring
- Horizontal contrast-colored panels across top
- Imported
- Mesh Lining: 100% Polyester
- Officially licensed
- Quality embroidery
- Shell: 70% Cotton, 30% Nylon
- Size XXL has an 11.5" inseam
- Tie front with hook and loop fly
- Visible stitching
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
Rfba-Equity Advisors, LLC filed as a Domestic Limited Liability Company (LLC) in the State of Texas on Tuesday, March 29, 2011 and is approximately four years old, according to public records filed with Texas Secretary of State. The filing is currently active as of the last data refresh which occured on Thursday, July 2, 2015.
Ron Bearden serves as the Director and has interests in other corporate entities including R. F. Bearden Associates, Inc., Ponderosa Forest Homeowners Association, Inc. and five more corporations. Ron's past corporate affiliations include Nedraeb Incorporated, Corpus Christi Development Corporation and thirteen others.
Ron F. Bearden is also the registered agent for the company. Also known as a statutory or resident agent, the registered agent is responsible for receiving legal notifications regarding court summons, lawsuits, and other legal actions involving the corporate entity.
Key roles for Rfba-Equity Advisors, LLC
Ron F. Bearden
Director Manager
|Filing Type:
|Domestic Limited Liability Company (LLC)
|State ID:
|Date Filed:
|Tuesday, March 29, 2011
|Registered Agent
|Ron F. Bearden
Comprehensive Insight Plus Report
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|The D&B Comprehensive Insight Plus Report for Rfba-Equity Advisors, LLC combines D&B's proprietary statistical scoring with business, payment and financial information all in one report.
US Company Profile Report
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|The D&B U.S. Company Profile contains basic information such as address and telephone number, executive names and titles, line of business and SIC codes, D-U-N-S Numbers, organization status, and year and location of incorporation for Rfba-Equity Advisors, LLC.