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Isothermal Ice-Crystallization Kinetics in the Gas-Diffusion Layer of a Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell
E-Print Network [OSTI]
l water O oxidized carbon s ice T PTFE dry dry gas-diffusioncrystallization) to form 99% of ice using eq 10 with k T (of California. Isothermal Ice-Crystallization Kinetics in
Dursch, Thomas J.
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Nucleation and growth of ice in the fibrous gas-diffusion layer (GDL) of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are investigated using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal crystallization rates and pseudo-steady-state nucleation rates are obtained as a function of subcooling from heat-flow and induction-time measurements. Kinetics of ice nucleation and growth are studied at two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loadings (0 and 10 wt %) in a commercial GDL for temperatures between 240 and 273 K. A nonlinear icecrystallization rate expression is developed using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory, in which the heat-transfer-limited growth rate is determined from the moving-boundary Stefan problem. Induction times follow a Poisson distribution and increase upon addition of PTFE, indicating that nucleation occurs more slowly on a hydrophobic fiber than on a hydrophilic fiber. The determined nucleation rates and induction times follow expected trends from classical nucleation theory. A validated rate expression is now available for predicting icecrystallization kinetics in GDLs.
Dursch, Thomas J.; Ciontea, Monica A.; Radke, Clayton J.; Weber, Adam Z.
Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues
importance of different ice formation processes in cumuli and the cirrus anvils they produce. Cirrus playExaminations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues Anthony J. Prenni,1 Paul J. DeMott,1 Cynthia Twohy,2 Michael R. Poellot
Effectsof ice-crystal structure on halo formation: cirrus cloud
Effectsof ice-crystal structure on halo formation: cirrus cloud experimental and ray campaign, four 220halo-producing cirrus clouds were studied jointly from a ground- based polarization lidar of the aircraft, which collecteda total of 84slides byimpaction, preserving the ice crystals for later microscopic
Takano, Yoshihide
The effect of ice crystal surface roughness on the retrieval of ice cloud microphysical and optical properties
The effect of the surface roughness of ice crystals is not routinely accounted for in current cloud retrieval algorithms that are based on pre-computed lookup libraries. In this study, we investigate the effect of ice crystal surface roughness...
Xie, Yu
Scattering Properties of Oriented Hexagonal Ice Crystals
To interpret the data from spaceborn lidar measurements, one must have a basic understanding of the backscattering of oriented ice particles. The conventional raytracing method is not applicable to the scattering of light by oriented particles...
Zhang, Feng
Glass transition and crystallization kinetics of a barium borosilicate glass by a non-isothermal method
The glass transition and crystallization kinetics of a glass with a molar composition 60BaO-30B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-10SiO{sub 2} were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non-isothermal conditions. DSC curves exhibited an endothermic peak associated with the glass transition and two partially overlapped exothermic peaks associated with the crystallization of the glass. The dependence of the glass transition temperature (T{sub g}) and of the maximum crystallization temperature (T{sub p}) on the heating rate was used to determine the activation energy associated with the glass transition (E{sub g}), the activation energy for crystallization (E{sub c}), and the Avrami exponent (n). X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that barium borate (?-BaB{sub 2}O{sub 4}) was the first crystalline phase to be formed followed by the formation of barium silicate (Ba{sub 5}Si{sub 8}O{sub 21}). The variations of activation energy for crystallization and of Avrami exponent with the fraction of crystallization (?) were also examined. When the crystallization fraction (?) increased from 0.1 to 0.9, the value of local activation energy (E{sub c}(?)) decreased from 554 to 458?kJ/mol for the first exothermic peak and from 1104 to 831?kJ/mol for the second exothermic peak. The value determined for the Avrami exponent was near 2 indicating a similar one-dimensional crystallization mechanism for both crystalline phases. This was confirmed by the morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on glass samples heat-treated at the first and at the second crystallization temperatures.
Lopes, Andreia A. S.; Soares, Roque S.; Lima, Maria M. A.; Monteiro, Regina C. C., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Materials Science, CENIMAT/I3N, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica (Portugal)
Computation of the scattering properties of nonspherical ice crystals
This thesis is made up of three parts on the computation of scattering properties of nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. In the first part, a new crystal type-droxtal-is introduced to make a better representation of the shape of small ice...
Zhang, Zhibo
Observations of an Impurity-driven Hysteresis Behavior in Ice Crystal Growth at Low Pressure
mechanisms for this instability, which can be used to produce clean, faceted ice surfaces. 1 IntroductionObservations of an Impurity-driven Hysteresis Behavior in Ice Crystal Growth at Low Pressure Abstract. We describe observations of a novel hysteresis behavior in the growth of ice crystals under near
Libbrecht, Kenneth G.
Light-scattering properties of plate and column ice crystals generated in a laboratory cold chamber
with a diode laser beam. This cloud chamber produces distinct plate and hollow column ice crystal types. The cloud chamber developed at the Desert Re- search Institute has been used to produce ice clouds composedLight-scattering properties of plate and column ice crystals generated in a laboratory cold chamber
Liou, K. N.
Theoretical investigation of the collection of aerosol particles by falling ice crystals
A numerical scheme that determines the collection efficiencies, kernels, and washout rates of aerosol particles (APs) by falling columnar and plate-like ice crystals is presented. A theoretical model for the removal of micron-size APs by falling columnar ice crystals which incorporates gravitational, inertial, thermophoretic, diffusiophoretic and electrostatic forcing has been formulated. This trajectory model which includes computed velocity, temperature and water vapor density fields, was coupled to a flux model which determines the removal of submicron particles due to Brownian diffusion, thermo and diffusio-phoresis as well as electrostatic forcing. This combined model indicates collection efficiencies for APs of radii 0.001 to 10.0 ..mu..m for the columnar ice crystal size distribution. An earlier study provides AP collection efficiencies by ice crystal plates for the ice crystal plate size distribution. The columnar ice crystal-AP collection model indicates that efficiency increases with increasing pressure, temperature or electrostatic charge for decreasing relative humidity.
Miller, N.L.
Parameterization of the scattering and absorption properties of individual ice crystals
We present parameterizations of the single-scattering properties for individual ice crystals of various habits based on the results computed from the accurate light scattering calculations. The projected area, volume, and single-scattering properties of ice crystals with various shapes and sizes are computed for 56 narrow spectral bands covering 0.2-5 {mu}m. The ice crystal habits considered in this study are hexagonal plates, solid and hollow columns, planar and spatial bullet rosette, and aggregates that are commonly observed in cirrus clouds. Using the observational relationships between the aspect ratios and the sizes of ice crystals, we can define the three-dimensional structure of these ice crystal habits with respect to their maximum dimensions for light scattering calculations. The volume and projected area of ice crystals, expressed in terms of the diameters of the corresponding equivalent spheres, are first parameterized by employing the ice crystal maximum dimensions. Further, various analytical expressions as functions of the effective dimensions of ice crystals have been developed to parameterize the extinction and absorption efficiencies, asymmetry factor, and the truncation of the forward peak energy in the phase function. The present parameterization scheme provides an efficient approach to obtain the basic scattering and absorption properties of nonspherical ice crystals. (c) 2000 American Geophysical Union.
Yang, Ping [Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (United States)] [Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (United States); Liou, K. N. [Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (United States)] [Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (United States); Wyser, Klaus [Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden)] [Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden); Mitchell, David [Atmospheric Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada (United States)] [Atmospheric Sciences Center, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada (United States)
Impact of Ice Crystal Roughness on Satellite Retrieved Cloud Properties
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun withconfinementEtching. |EndecahemeEMSLImaging the BrainIce Crystal
Effect of n-HA content on the isothermal crystallization, morphology and mechanical property of n-HA/PLGA composites
Graphical abstract: Effect of n-HA content on the isothermal crystallization, morphology and mechanical property of n-HA/PLGA composites was studied in details. The results showed that the addition of higher content of g-n-HA was favorable to promote the crystallization better in g-n-HA/PLGA composites, but it could also cause more agglomeration in PLGA matrix, as a result of worse mechanical properties, and the addition content of 3 wt% g-n-HA to PLGA matrix was an appropriate proportion, which had the highest bending strength among these g-n-HA/PLGA composites, and it might be potential to be used in biomedical fields in future. Highlights: ? The effect of n-HA content on the n-HA/PLGA composites was studied in detail. ? Isothermal crystallization, microstructure and mechanical property were studied. ? The relation between n-HA content and properties of n-HA/PLGA composite was found. ? An appropriate proportion of n-HA in n-HA/PLGA composite was obtained. - Abstract: A serials of g-n-HA/PLGA composites with surface-modified g-n-HA of 1%, 3%, 6%, 10% and 15% in weight were prepared by solution mixing. The isothermal crystallization, morphology and mechanical property of g-n-HA/PLGA composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electromechanical universal tester. The results showed that Avrami equation was suitable for describing the isothermal crystallization process in this system, and the crystallization rate of g-n-HA/PLGA composites containing more than 3 wt% g-n-HA was basically accord with the relational expression of T{sub 110} {sub �C} > T{sub 105�C} > T{sub 115�C} > T{sub 120�C}. Moreover, at the same Tc, crystallization rate was greatly enhanced with the increasing of g-n-HA acting as nucleate. However, the addition of higher content of g-n-HA would cause more agglomeration in PLGA matrix, so that the mechanical properties of g-n-HA/PLGA composites would gradually decrease. In conclusion, the addition of higher content of g-n-HA was favorable to promote the crystallization better in g-n-HA/PLGA composites, but it could also cause more agglomeration in PLGA matrix, result in worse mechanical properties, and the addition content of 3 wt% g-n-HA to PLGA matrix was an appropriate proportion, which had the highest bending strength among these g-n-HA/PLGA composites, and it might be potential to be used in biomedical fields in future.
Liuyun, Jiang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 (China); Chengdong, Xiong [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 (China); Lixin, Jiang [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 (China); Graduated School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039 (China); Dongliang, Chen; Qing, Li [Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041 (China)
An Investigation of Light Scattering by Irregular Ice Crystals via PSTD
to determine the validity PSTD with CPML. We propose a random field model for surface irregularities of ice crystals with roughened surfaces. Results using this model show that reflection probability decreases exponentially as the roughness is increased...
Zhang, Jianing
Retrieval of Cloud Phase and Ice Crystal Habit from Satellite Data
Knowledge of cloud phase (liquid or ice) and crystal habit are of fundamental importance to both remote sensing and climate simulations. Using water droplets instead of ice crystals in retrieving cloud properties from satellite data can lead to errors in the retrieval of cloud height, optical thickness, and microphysical properties. Satellite retrievals of microphysical properties are also influenced by the crystal habit used in the retrieval, either indirectly via an assumed phase function or directly via assumed profiles of ice crystal habits. Realistic treatment of ice cloud radiative and microphysical properties, which depend on crystal habit, is important in climate simulations, especially in tropical anvil regions. In this work, we present a method for retrieving cloud phase and the dominant ice crystal habit from radiances measured by the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The shape of an atmospheric particle affects the scattering of light such that water droplets and ice crystals of various habits have somewhat different phase functions. Consequently the radiances measured by the MISR instrument, which observes light scattered from the same cloud at nine different viewing angles, are functions of the crystal shape. In principle, the measured angular radiance pattern can be used to infer the crystal shape. In this work, we present initial results from a cloud phase and ice crystal habit retrieval based on combining the MISR multi-angular visible wavelength measurements with MODIS shortwave infrared measurements. The nine angular measurements provided by the MISR cameras allow a wide range of scattering angles to be viewed in a single scene, which provides sensitivity to particle habit. The presence of the MODIS instrument on the same satellite allows additional information on particle size to be incorporated into the retrievals. Results of the retrieval method are presented for several case studies over the continental United States. Cloud phase can be determined from the MISR angular measurements alone, due to the large differences in the phase functions of water droplets and ice crystals. By combining the MISR and MODIS measurements, crystal habit, effective radius, and optical depth can be inferred simultaneously for ice clouds. Comparisons with ground-based retrieval methods and semi-coincident in situ data illustrate that the retrieved crystal habits and sizes are reasonable.
McFarlane, Sally A.; Marchand, Roger T.; Ackerman, Thomas P.
Laboratory Investigation of Contact Freezing and the Aerosol to Ice Crystal Transformation Process
This project has been focused on the following objectives: 1. Investigations of the physical processes governing immersion versus contact nucleation, specifically surface-induced crystallization; 2. Development of a quadrupole particle trap with full thermodynamic control over the temperature range 0 to �40 �C and precisely controlled water vapor saturation ratios for continuous, single-particle measurement of the aerosol to ice crystal transformation process for realistic ice nuclei; 3. Understanding the role of ice nucleation in determining the microphysical properties of mixed-phase clouds, within a framework that allows bridging between laboratory and field measurements.
Shaw, Raymond A. [Michigan Technological University
Morphology and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of CuInS{sub 2} nanocrystals synthesized by solvo-thermal method
Nanocrystals of copper indium disulphide (CuInS{sub 2}) were synthesized by a solvo-thermal method. The structure, morphology and non-isothermal crystallization kinetic behavior of samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. Non-isothermal measurements at different heating rates were carried out and the crystallization kinetics of samples were analyzed using the most reliable non-isothermal kinetic methods. The kinetic parameters such as glass transition temperature, thermal stability, activation energy, Avrami exponent etc. were evaluated. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CuInS{sub 2} nanocrystals have scientific and technological importance. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Samples have been prepared by solvo-thermal method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Synthesized samples exhibit excellent morphology and thermal properties. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Investigated properties may be utilized in design and fabrication of solar cell devices.
Majeed Khan, M.A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Kumar, Sushil [Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055 (India); Alsalhi, M.S. [King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Ahamed, Maqusood [King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Alhoshan, Mansour [King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Alrokayan, Salman A. [King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia); Ahamad, Tansir [Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451 (Saudi Arabia)
Structural transformation in supercooled water controls the crystallization rate of ice
One of water's unsolved puzzles is the question of what determines the lowest temperature to which it can be cooled before freezing to ice. The supercooled liquid has been probed experimentally to near the homogeneous nucleation temperature TH{\\approx}232 K, yet the mechanism of ice crystallization - including the size and structure of critical nuclei - has not yet been resolved. The heat capacity and compressibility of liquid water anomalously increase upon moving into the supercooled region according to a power law that would diverge at Ts{\\approx}225 K,(1,2) so there may be a link between water's thermodynamic anomalies and the crystallization rate of ice. But probing this link is challenging because fast crystallization prevents experimental studies of the liquid below TH. And while atomistic studies have captured water crystallization(3), the computational costs involved have so far prevented an assessment of the rates and mechanism involved. Here we report coarse-grained molecular simulations with the mW water model(4) in the supercooled regime around TH, which reveal that a sharp increase in the fraction of four-coordinated molecules in supercooled liquid water explains its anomalous thermodynamics and also controls the rate and mechanism of ice formation. The simulations reveal that the crystallization rate of water reaches a maximum around 225 K, below which ice nuclei form faster than liquid water can equilibrate. This implies a lower limit of metastability of liquid water just below TH and well above its glass transition temperature Tg{\\approx}136 K. By providing a relationship between the structural transformation in liquid water, its anomalous thermodynamics and its crystallization rate, this work provides a microscopic foundation to the experimental finding that the thermodynamics of water determines the rates of homogeneous nucleation of ice.(5)
Emily B. Moore; Valeria Molinero
Measurements of Ice Crystal Growth Rates in Air at -5C and -10C K. G. Libbrecht and H. M. Arnold
Measurements of Ice Crystal Growth Rates in Air at -5C and -10C K. G. Libbrecht and H. M. Arnold to: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. We present experiments investigating the growth of ice crystals from produce large morphological changes at all scales. One popular example of this phenomenon is the formation
Ann. Geophysicae 14, 1192--1197 (1996) EGS --Springer-Verlag 1996 Pyramidal ice crystal scattering phase functions
tracing method for single hexagonal pyramidal ice crystals (such as solid and hollow bullets) randomly times since the beginning of this century, such as by Andrus (1915), Kimball (1915), Brush (1919), Leaf-tracing simulations for hexagonal hollow-ended column and bullet-rosette models, and con- cluded that the typical
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Simulation of the Extinction Efficiency, the Absorption Efficiency and the Asymmetry Factor of Ice Crystals and Relevant Applications to the Study of Cirrus Cloud Radiative Properties
The single-scattering properties of six non-spherical ice crystals, droxtals, plates, solid columns, hollow columns, aggregates and 6-branch bullet rosettes are simulated. The anomalous diffraction theory (ADT) is applied to the simulation...
Lu, Kai
MEAT, POULTRY, Still contains ice
MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD Still contains ice crystals and feels as cold, there will be some texture and Clavor loss. Discard DAIRY Still contains ice crystals and feels Ice cream, frozen yogurt Discard Discard Cheese (soft and semi-soft) Refreeze. May
Liskiewicz, Maciej
ORIGINAL PAPER A bacterial ice-binding protein from the Vostok ice core
to produce a 54 kDa ice-binding protein (GenBank EU694412) that is similar to ice-binding proteins previously- vival at sub-zero temperatures by producing proteins that bind to and inhibit the growth of ice crystalsORIGINAL PAPER A bacterial ice-binding protein from the Vostok ice core James A. Raymond �? Brent C
Christner, Brent C.
Ice sheets
is eroding West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Geophysical Researchand Yungel, J. (2000). Greenland Ice Sheet: High-Elevation2004). The west Antarctic ice sheet and long term climate
Bentley, Charles G.; Thomas, Robert H.; Velicogna, Isabella
Colorado: Isothermal Battery Calorimeter Quantifies Heat Flow...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Isothermal Battery Calorimeter Quantifies Heat Flow, Helps Make Safer, Longer-lasting Batteries Colorado: Isothermal Battery Calorimeter Quantifies Heat Flow, Helps Make Safer,...
Stirling machines: adiabatic to isothermal
In most real Stirling engines the gas behavior in the cylinder is almost adiabatic, in contrast to the ideal Stirling engine in which all processes are isothermal. The combination of nearly adiabatic cylinders and nearly isothermal heat exchangers found in most Stirling engines leads to irreversibilities and loss of efficiency. Still worse, in many cases, is the performance of cylinders with a finite heat transfer intermediate between a near-adiabatic and near-isothermal behavior. Because of this behavior and because of the low thermal diffusivity of high-pressure gases, there is little hope of sufficiently enhancing the heat transfer within the cylinder of a conventional Stirling engine to increase the efficiency - in most cases, a decrease is more likely to result.
West, C.D.
Method of forming clathrate ice
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A method of forming clathrate ice in a supercooled water-based liquid contained in a vessel is disclosed. Initially, an oscillator device is located in the liquid in the vessel. The oscillator device is then oscillated ultrasonically so that small crystals are formed in the liquid. These small crystals serve as seed crystals for ice formation in the liquid and thereby prevent supercooling of the liquid. Preferably, the oscillating device is controlled by a thermostat which initiates operation of the oscillator device when the temperature of the liquid is lowered to the freezing point. Thereafter, the operation of the oscillator device is terminated when ice is sensed in the liquid by an ice sensor.
Hino, Toshiyuki (Tokyo, JP); Gorski, Anthony J. (Lemont, IL)
Method of forming calthrate ice
A method of forming clathrate ice in a supercooled water-based liquid contained in a vessel is disclosed. Initially, an oscillator device is located in the liquid in the vessel. The oscillator device is then oscillated ultransonically so that small crystals are formed in the liquid. Thes small crystals serve as seed crystals for ice formation in the liquid and thereby prevent supercooling of the liquid. Preferably, the oscillating device is controlled by a thermostat which initiates operation of the oscillator device when the temperature of the liquid is lowered to the freezing point. Thereafter, the operation of the oscillator device is terminated when ice is sensed in the liquid by an ice sensor.
Hino, T.; Gorski, A.J.
Sensitivity of Vatnajokull ice cap hydrology and dynamics to climate warming over the next 2
and is the largest nonpolar ice cap in Europe. Because it is temperate (isothermal at the melting point) and storesSensitivity of Vatnajo�kull ice cap hydrology and dynamics to climate warming over the next 2] The sensitivity of Vatnajo�kull ice cap to future climate change is examined using spatially distributed coupled
Flowers, Gwenn
Ice nucleation and overseeding of ice in volcanic clouds A. J. Durant,1,2
that such ``overseeded'' volcanic clouds will exhibit enhanced ice crystal concentrations and smaller average ice crystal nucleation in volcanic plumes and clouds affects dynamics [Glaze et al., 1997; Herzog et al., 1998; Mastin- porting water to the stratosphere [Glaze et al., 1997] and these fluxes depend in part on the microphysics
Rose, William I.
Medical ice slurry production device
The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing sterile ice slurries for medical cooling applications. The apparatus is capable of producing highly loaded slurries suitable for delivery to targeted internal organs of a patient, such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, pancreas, and others, through medical size diameter tubing. The ice slurry production apparatus includes a slurry production reservoir adapted to contain a volume of a saline solution. A flexible membrane crystallization surface is provided within the slurry production reservoir. The crystallization surface is chilled to a temperature below a freezing point of the saline solution within the reservoir such that ice particles form on the crystallization surface. A deflector in the form of a reciprocating member is provided for periodically distorting the crystallization surface and dislodging the ice particles which form on the crystallization surface. Using reservoir mixing the slurry is conditioned for easy pumping directly out of the production reservoir via medical tubing or delivery through other means such as squeeze bottles, squeeze bags, hypodermic syringes, manual hand delivery, and the like.
Kasza, Kenneth E. (Palos Park, IL); Oras, John (Des Plaines, IL); Son, HyunJin (Naperville, IL)
Archimedean Ice
The striking boundary dependency (the Arctic Circle phenomenon) exhibited in the ice model on the square lattice extends to other planar set-ups. We present these findings for the triangular and the Kagome lattices. Critical connectivity results guarantee that ice configurations can be generated using the simplest and most efficient local actions. Height functions are utilized throughout the analysis. At the end there is a surprise in store: on the remaining Archimedean lattice for which the ice model can be defined, the 188.8.131.52. lattice, the long range behavior is completely different from the other cases.
Kari Eloranta
Finite-difference time domain method for light scattering by small ice
can be employed to produce the scattering and ab- sorption characteristics of hexagonal ice particlesFinite-difference time domain method for light scattering by small ice crystals in three for the solution of light scattering by nonspherical particles has been developed for small ice crystals
How Physical and Chemical Properties Change Ice Nucleation Efficiency of Soot and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Particles
Heterogeneous freezing processes in which atmospheric aerosols act as ice nuclei (IN) cause nucleation of ice crystals in the atmosphere. Heterogeneous nucleation can occur through several freezing mechanisms, including contact and immersion...
Suter, Katie Ann
Iced Coffee Iced Yerba Mate "Tea"
Iced Coffee Iced Yerba Mate "Tea" Iced Yerba Mate Latte Iced Chai Tea Latte Original, Green Tea Canned Soda Xing Tea Bottled Water Arizona Teas Energy Drinks Red Bull, SF Red Bull & Bing Jones Sodas $0 Cafe au Lait Hot Tea Yerba Mate "Tea" Yerba Mate Latte Chai Tea Latte - Original, Green Tea, or Sugar
Parameterizing Size Distribution in Ice Clouds
PARAMETERIZING SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN ICE CLOUDS David L. Mitchell and Daniel H. DeSlover ABSTRACT An outstanding problem that contributes considerable uncertainty to Global Climate Model (GCM) predictions of future climate is the characterization of ice particle sizes in cirrus clouds. Recent parameterizations of ice cloud effective diameter differ by a factor of three, which, for overcast conditions, often translate to changes in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) of 55 W m-2 or more. Much of this uncertainty in cirrus particle sizes is related to the problem of ice particle shattering during in situ sampling of the ice particle size distribution (PSD). Ice particles often shatter into many smaller ice fragments upon collision with the rim of the probe inlet tube. These small ice artifacts are counted as real ice crystals, resulting in anomalously high concentrations of small ice crystals (D < 100 �m) and underestimates of the mean and effective size of the PSD. Half of the cirrus cloud optical depth calculated from these in situ measurements can be due to this shattering phenomenon. Another challenge is the determination of ice and liquid water amounts in mixed phase clouds. Mixed phase clouds in the Arctic contain mostly liquid water, and the presence of ice is important for determining their lifecycle. Colder high clouds between -20 and -36 oC may also be mixed phase but in this case their condensate is mostly ice with low levels of liquid water. Rather than affecting their lifecycle, the presence of liquid dramatically affects the cloud optical properties, which affects cloud-climate feedback processes in GCMs. This project has made advancements in solving both of these problems. Regarding the first problem, PSD in ice clouds are uncertain due to the inability to reliably measure the concentrations of the smallest crystals (D < 100 �m), known as the �small mode�. Rather than using in situ probe measurements aboard aircraft, we employed a treatment of ice cloud optical properties formulated in terms of PSD parameters in combination with remote measurements of thermal radiances to characterize the small mode. This is possible since the absorption efficiency (Qabs) of small mode crystals is larger at 12 �m wavelength relative to 11 �m wavelength due to the process of wave resonance or photon tunneling more active at 12 �m. This makes the 12/11 �m absorption optical depth ratio (or equivalently the 12/11 �m Qabs ratio) a means for detecting the relative concentration of small ice particles in cirrus. Using this principle, this project tested and developed PSD schemes that can help characterize cirrus clouds at each of the three ARM sites: SGP, NSA and TWP. This was the main effort of this project. These PSD schemes and ice sedimentation velocities predicted from them have been used to test the new cirrus microphysics parameterization in the GCM known as the Community Climate Systems Model (CCSM) as part of an ongoing collaboration with NCAR. Regarding the second problem, we developed and did preliminary testing on a passive thermal method for retrieving the total water path (TWP) of Arctic mixed phase clouds where TWPs are often in the range of 20 to 130 g m-2 (difficult for microwave radiometers to accurately measure). We also developed a new radar method for retrieving the cloud ice water content (IWC), which can be vertically integrated to yield the ice water path (IWP). These techniques were combined to determine the IWP and liquid water path (LWP) in Arctic clouds, and hence the fraction of ice and liquid water. We have tested this approach using a case study from the ARM field campaign called M-PACE (Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment). This research led to a new satellite remote sensing method that appears promising for detecting low levels of liquid water in high clouds typically between -20 and -36 oC. We hope to develop this method in future research.
DeSlover, Daniel; Mitchell, David L.
Tellus (1989), 41A, 132-147 The effect of parameterized ice microphysics on the
Tellus (1989), 41A, 132-147 The effect of parameterized ice microphysics on the simulation and associated stratiform rainfall. In this paper, parameterized cloud ice and snow crystals are incorporated on a grid resolution of 25 km. With the inclusion of ice microphysics parameterization. the resolvable
Zhang, Da-Lin
Gravitational instability of slowly rotating isothermal spheres
We discuss the statistical mechanics of rotating self-gravitating systems by allowing properly for the conservation of angular momentum. We study analytically the case of slowly rotating isothermal spheres by expanding the solutions of the Boltzmann-Poisson equation in a series of Legendre polynomials, adapting the procedure introduced by Chandrasekhar (1933) for distorted polytropes. We show how the classical spiral of Lynden-Bell & Wood (1967) in the temperature-energy plane is deformed by rotation. We find that gravitational instability occurs sooner in the microcanonical ensemble and later in the canonical ensemble. According to standard turning point arguments, the onset of the collapse coincides with the minimum energy or minimum temperature state in the series of equilibria. Interestingly, it happens to be close to the point of maximum flattening. We determine analytically the generalization of the singular isothermal solution to the case of a slowly rotating configuration. We also consider slowly ...
Chavanis, P H
Liquid crystals and Q-tensors The free energy
Liquid crystals and Q-tensors The free energy A temperature-dependent model Mathematical results #12;Liquid crystals and Q-tensors The free energy A temperature-dependent model Mathematical results, Non-isothermal nematic liquid crystals flows with the Ball-Majumdar free energy, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl
Segatti, Antonio
Minimalist Model of Ice Microphysics in Mixed-phase Stratiform Clouds
The question of whether persistent ice crystal precipitation from super cooled layer clouds can be explained by time-dependent, stochastic ice nucleation is explored using an approximate, analytical model, and a large-eddy simulation (LES) cloud model. The updraft velocity in the cloud defines an accumulation zone, where small ice particles cannot fall out until they are large enough, which will increase the residence time of ice particles in the cloud. Ice particles reach a quasi-steady state between growth by vapor deposition and fall speed at cloud base. The analytical model predicts that ice water content (wi) has a 2.5 power law relationship with ice number concentration ni. wi and ni from a LES cloud model with stochastic ice nucleation also confirm the 2.5 power law relationship. The prefactor of the power law is proportional to the ice nucleation rate, and therefore provides a quantitative link to observations of ice microphysical properties.
Yang, F.; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Shaw, Raymond A.
Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill March 2005 The visual complexity of ice is familiar to anyone who has
The visual complexity of ice is familiar to anyone who has ever studied a snowflake or seen the crystal snowflake-like patterns. The Challenge The visual appeal of patterns in ice has not been lost on the visual of knowledge in both the crystal growth and computational physics communities that Pattern Formation in Ice
Whitton, Mary C.
First Data from DM-Ice17
We report the first analysis of background data from DM-Ice17 a direct-detection dark matter experiment consisting of 17 kg of NaI(Tl) target material. It was successfully deployed 2457 m deep in South Pole glacial ice at the bottom of two IceCube strings in December 2010 and is the first such detector to be operating in the Southern Hemisphere. Data from the first two years of operation after commissioning, July 2011 - June 2013, are presented here. The background rate in the 6.5 - 8.0 kevee region is measured to be 7.9 +/- 0.4 counts/day/keV/kg. This is in agreement with the expected background from the crystal assemblies and is consistent with simulation. Background contributions from the surrounding ice were demonstrated to be negligible. The successful deployment and operation of DM-Ice17 establishes the South Pole ice as a location for future underground, low-background experiments in the Southern Hemisphere. The detector assembly, deployment, and analysis of the DM-Ice17 backgrounds are described.
:,; Grant, D; Halzen, F; Heeger, K M; Hsu, L; Hubbard, A J F; Karle, A; Kauer, M; Kudryavtsev, V A; Maruyama, R H; MacDonald, C; Paling, S; Pettus, W C; Pierpoint, Z P; Reilly, B N; Robinson, M; Sandstrom, P; Spooner, N J C; Telfer, S; Yang, L
Arctic ice islands
The development of offshore oil and gas resources in the Arctic waters of Alaska requires offshore structures which successfully resist the lateral forces due to moving, drifting ice. Ice islands are floating, a tabular icebergs, up to 60 meters thick, of solid ice throughout their thickness. The ice islands are thus regarded as the strongest ice features in the Arctic; fixed offshore structures which can directly withstand the impact of ice islands are possible but in some locations may be so expensive as to make oilfield development uneconomic. The resolution of the ice island problem requires two research steps: (1) calculation of the probability of interaction between an ice island and an offshore structure in a given region; and (2) if the probability if sufficiently large, then the study of possible interactions between ice island and structure, to discover mitigative measures to deal with the moving ice island. The ice island research conducted during the 1983-1988 interval, which is summarized in this report, was concerned with the first step. Monte Carlo simulations of ice island generation and movement suggest that ice island lifetimes range from 0 to 70 years, and that 85% of the lifetimes are less then 35 years. The simulation shows a mean value of 18 ice islands present at any time in the Arctic Ocean, with a 90% probability of less than 30 ice islands. At this time, approximately 34 ice islands are known, from observations, to exist in the Arctic Ocean, not including the 10-meter thick class of ice islands. Return interval plots from the simulation show that coastal zones of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, already leased for oil development, have ice island recurrences of 10 to 100 years. This implies that the ice island hazard must be considered thoroughly, and appropriate safety measures adopted, when offshore oil production plans are formulated for the Alaskan Arctic offshore. 132 refs., 161 figs., 17 tabs.
Sackinger, W.M.; Jeffries, M.O.; Lu, M.C.; Li, F.C.
We discuss the statistical mechanics of rotating self-gravitating systems by allowing properly for the conservation of angular momentum. We study analytically the case of slowly rotating isothermal spheres by expanding the solutions of the Boltzmann-Poisson equation in a series of Legendre polynomials, adapting the procedure introduced by Chandrasekhar (1933) for distorted polytropes. We show how the classical spiral of Lynden-Bell & Wood (1967) in the temperature-energy plane is deformed by rotation. We find that gravitational instability occurs sooner in the microcanonical ensemble and later in the canonical ensemble. According to standard turning point arguments, the onset of the collapse coincides with the minimum energy or minimum temperature state in the series of equilibria. Interestingly, it happens to be close to the point of maximum flattening. We determine analytically the generalization of the singular isothermal solution to the case of a slowly rotating configuration. We also consider slowly rotating configurations of the self-gravitating Fermi gas at non zero temperature.
P. -H. Chavanis
Isothermal kinetics of new Albany oil shale
From the development of technologies for the utilization of eastern U.S. oil shales, fluidized bed pyrolysis technology is emerging as one of the most promising in terms of oil yield, operating cost, and capital investment. Bench-scale testing of eastern shales has reached a level where scale-up represents the next logical step in the evolution of this technology. A major consideration in this development and an essential part of any fluidized bed reactor scale-up effort--isothermal kinetics-- has largely been ignored for eastern US shale with the exception of a recent study conducted by Richardson et al. with a Cleveland shale. The method of Richardson et al. was used previously by Wallman et al. with western shale and has been used most recently by Forgac, also with western shale. This method, adopted for the present study, entails injecting a charge of shale into a fluidized bed and monitoring the hydrocarbon products with a flame ionization detector (FID). Advantages of this procedure are that fluidized bed heat-up effects are simulated exactly and real-time kinetics are obtained due to the on-line FID. Other isothermal methods have suffered from heat-up and cool-down effects making it impossible to observe the kinetics at realistic operating temperatures. A major drawback of the FID approach, however, is that no differentiation between oil and gas is possible.
Carter, S.D.
Ice electrode electrolytic cell
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing heavy metals from waste water, soils, or process streams by electrolytic cell means. The method includes cooling a cell cathode to form an ice layer over the cathode and then applying an electric current to deposit a layer of the heavy metal over the ice. The metal is then easily removed after melting the ice. In a second embodiment, the same ice-covered electrode can be employed to form powdered metals.
Glenn, David F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Suciu, Dan F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Harris, Taryl L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Ingram, Jani C. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Glenn, D.F.; Suciu, D.F.; Harris, T.L.; Ingram, J.C.
Creep and plasticity of glacier ice: a material science perspective Paul DUVAL, Maurine MONTAGNAT, Fanny GRENNERAT, Jerome WEISS,
Creep and plasticity of glacier ice: a material science perspective Paul DUVAL, Maurine MONTAGNAT the plasticity of ice have been made during the past 60 years with the development of studies of the flow experimental investigations clearly show that the plastic deformation of the ice single crystal and polycrystal
Weiss, J�r�me
Ice Concentration Retrieval in Stratiform Mixed-phase Clouds Using Cloud Radar Reflectivity Measurements and 1D Ice Growth Model Simulations
Measurement of ice number concentration in clouds is important but still challenging. Stratiform mixed-phase clouds (SMCs) provide a simple scenario for retrieving ice number concentration from remote sensing measurements. The simple ice generation and growth pattern in SMCs offers opportunities to use cloud radar reflectivity (Ze) measurements and other cloud properties to infer ice number concentration quantitatively. To understand the strong temperature dependency of ice habit and growth rate quantitatively, we develop a 1-D ice growth model to calculate the ice diffusional growth along its falling trajectory in SMCs. The radar reflectivity and fall velocity profiles of ice crystals calculated from the 1-D ice growth model are evaluated with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) ground-based high vertical resolution radar measurements. Combining Ze measurements and 1-D ice growth model simulations, we develop a method to retrieve the ice number concentrations in SMCs at given cloud top temperature (CTT) and liquid water path (LWP). The retrieved ice concentrations in SMCs are evaluated with in situ measurements and with a three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation with a bin microphysical scheme. These comparisons show that the retrieved ice number concentrations are within an uncertainty of a factor of 2, statistically.
Zhang, Damao; Wang, Zhien; Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Fan, Jiwen; Luo, Tao
Using ice cores from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, scientists have been able to study
Using ice cores from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, scientists have been able to study ice's ice sheets. Ice sheets are huge areas of permanent ice. There are only three ice sheets on Earth: the Greenland Ice Sheet, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Greenland Ice Sheet
Dynamics of CO in Amorphous Water Ice Environments
The long-timescale behavior of adsorbed carbon monoxide on the surface of amorphous water ice is studied under dense cloud conditions by means of off-lattice, on-the-fly, kinetic Monte Carlo simula- tions. It is found that the CO mobility is strongly influenced by the morphology of the ice substrate. Nanopores on the surface provide strong binding sites which can effectively immobilize the adsorbates at low coverage. As the coverage increases, these strong binding sites are gradually occupied leav- ing a number of admolecules with the ability to diffuse over the surface. Binding energies, and the energy barrier for diffusion are extracted for various coverages. Additionally, the mobility of CO is determined from isothermal desorption experiments. Reasonable agreement on the diffusivity of CO is found with the simulations. Analysis of the 2152 cm$^{-1}$, polar CO band supports the computational findings that the pores in the water ice provide the strongest binding sites and dominate diffusion at low temperatur...
Karssemeijer, L J; van Hemert, M C; van der Avoird, A; Allodi, M A; Blake, G A; Cuppen, H M
APPLICATION OF NELSON'S SORPTION ISOTHERM TO WOOD COMPOSITES AND OVERLAYS' Qinglin Wu Assistant. It was found that Nelson's model can be used to describe the experimental data from different composite composite materials (Suchsland 1972). These relationships, known as sorption isotherms, greatly affect
Field demonstration of the ICE 250{trademark} Cleaning System
The ICE 250{trademark} Cleaning System was engineered to convert water into small ice particles for use in cleaning and decontamination applications. Ice crystals are produced in a special icemaker and pressured through a hose-nozzle onto the surface to be cleaned. The Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center and Ice Cleaning Systems, Inc., conducted a test of this system at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 to evaluate the system's cleaning capabilities in an oil field environment. Equipment cleaned included an oil storage tank, a rod pumping unit, a road grader, and a wellhead. Contaminants were unrefined sour crude oil, hydraulic fluid, paraffin, and dirt, occurring separately and as mixtures. In all four demonstration cleaning tasks, the ICE 250 System effectively removed surface contaminant mixtures in a timely manner and left no oily residue. A minimal amount of waste moisture was generated, thereby reducing cleanup and disposal costs.
Johnston, J.L.; Jackson, L.M.
Field demonstration of the ICE 250[trademark] Cleaning System
The ICE 250[trademark] Cleaning System was engineered to convert water into small ice particles for use in cleaning and decontamination applications. Ice crystals are produced in a special icemaker and pressured through a hose-nozzle onto the surface to be cleaned. The Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center and Ice Cleaning Systems, Inc., conducted a test of this system at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 to evaluate the system's cleaning capabilities in an oil field environment. Equipment cleaned included an oil storage tank, a rod pumping unit, a road grader, and a wellhead. Contaminants were unrefined sour crude oil, hydraulic fluid, paraffin, and dirt, occurring separately and as mixtures. In all four demonstration cleaning tasks, the ICE 250 System effectively removed surface contaminant mixtures in a timely manner and left no oily residue. A minimal amount of waste moistur2048s generated, thereby reducing cleanup and disposal costs.
Adsorption isotherm special study. Final report
The study was designed to identify methods to determine adsorption applicable to Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project sites, and to determine how changes in aquifer conditions affect metal adsorption, resulting retardation factors, and estimated contaminant migration rates. EPA and ASTM procedures were used to estimate sediment sorption of U, As, and Mo under varying groundwater geochemical conditions. Aquifer matrix materials from three distinct locations at the DOE UMTRA Project site in Rifle, CO, were used as the adsorbents under different pH conditions; these conditions stimulated geochemical environments under the tailings, near the tailings, and downgradient from the tailings. Grain size, total surface area, bulk and clay mineralogy, and petrography of the sediments were characterized. U and Mo yielded linear isotherms, while As had nonlinear ones. U and Mo were adsorbed strongly on sediments acidified to levels similar to tailings leachate. Changes in pH had much less effect on As adsorption. Mo was adsorbed very little at pH 7-7.3, U was weakly sorbed, and As was moderately sorbed. Velocities were estimated for metal transport at different pHs. Results show that the aquifer materials must be characterized to estimate metal transport velocities in aquifers and to develop groundwater restoration strategies for the UMTRA project.
On the isothermal geometry of corrugated graphene sheets
Variational geometries describing corrugated graphene sheets are proposed. The isothermal thermomechanical properties of these sheets are described by a 2-dimensional Weyl space. The equation that couples the Weyl geometry with isothermal distributions of the temperature of graphene sheets, is formulated. This material space is observed in a 3-dimensional orthogonal configurational point space as regular surfaces which are endowed with a thermal state vector field fulfilling the isothermal thermal state equation. It enables to introduce a non-topological dimensionless thermal shape parameter of non-developable graphene sheets. The properties of the congruence of lines generated by the thermal state vector field are discussed.
Andrzej Trzesowski
Mobile Ice Nucleus Spectrometer
This first year report presents results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study to assess the flow and temperature profiles within the mobile ice nucleus spectrometer.
Kulkarni, Gourihar R.; Kok, G. L.
Ice Drilling Gallonmilkjugs
Ice Drilling Materials · Gallonmilkjugs · Syringes,largeand small · Pitchers · Spraybottles · 13x9? ·Isitbettertosquirtthewaterslowlyorasquicklyaspossible? ·Doestherateatwhichyousquirtthewaterchangethediameteroftheholes? ·Doesthetypeof`drill
Saffman, Mark
Study of Ice Cloud Properties from Synergetic Use of Satellite Observations and Modeling Capabilities
The dissertation first investigates the single-scattering properties of inhomogeneous ice crystals containing air bubbles. Specifically, a combination of the ray-tracing technique and the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the scattering...
Isothermal model of ICF burn with finite alpha range treatment
A simple model for simulating deuterium tritium burn in inertial confinement fusion capsules is developed. The model, called the Isothermal Rarefaction Model, is zero dimensional (represented as ordinary differential ...
Galloway, Conner Daniel (Conner Daniel Cross)
Proton ordering in tetragonal and monoclinic H2O ice
H2O ice remains one of the most enigmatic materials as its phase diagram reveals up to sixteen solid phases. While the crystal structure of these phases has been determined, the phase boundaries and mechanisms of formation of the proton-ordered phases remain unclear. From high precision measurements of the complex dielectric constant, we probe directly the degree of ordering of the protons in H2O tetragonal ice III and monoclinic ice V down to 80 K. A broadened first-order phase transition is found to occur near 202 K we attribute to a quenched disorder of the protons which causes a continuous disordering of the protons during cooling and metastable behavior. At 126 K the protons in ice III become fully ordered, and for the case of ice V becoming fully ordered at 113 K forming ice XIII. Two triple points are proposed to exist: one at 0.35 GPa and 126 K where ices III, IX and V coexist; and another at 0.35 GPa and 113 K where ices V, IX and XIII coexist. Our findings unravel the underlying mechanism driving th...
Yen, Fei; Berlie, Adam; Liu, Xiaodi; Goncharov, Alexander F
Reionization on ice
The case for substantial far infrared ice emission in local ultraluminous infrared galaxies, expected based on the presence of mid-infrared ice absorption in their spectra and the known far infrared optical properties of ice, is still largely unsupported by direct observation owing to insufficient far infrared spectral coverage. Some marginal supportive evidence is presented here. A clear consequence of far infrared ice emission is the need to extend the range of redshifts considered for submillimeter sources. This is demonstrated via the example of HDF 850.1. The solid phase of the ISM during reionization may be dominated by ice, and this could lead to the presence of reionization sources in submillimeter source catalogs. Submillimeter sources not detected at 24 micron in the GOODS-N field are examined. Two candidate reionization sources are identified at 3.6 micron through possible Gunn-Peterson saturation in the Z band.
C. C. Dudley; M. Imanishi; P. R. Maloney
Very ice rich permafrost Moderately ice rich permafrost
TK lake Very ice rich permafrost Permafrost forest Moderately ice rich permafrost Open Bog Open Fen characteristics (mainly ice content) and burn severity determine trajectories of ecosystem succession post in the presence of moderately ice rich permafrost but have high resilience only under low burn severity in very
Ruess, Roger W.
Ice Cream with a Heart Create a new Clemson Ice
Ice Cream with a Heart Contest! Create a new Clemson Ice Cream flavor! Raise money for your favorite charity! Win a free Clemson Ice Cream party for your organization! Enter at www organizations. The contest is called Ice Cream with a Heart and its purpose is to help student organizations
Duchowski, Andrew T.
Thermal desorption of CH4 retained in CO2 ice
CO2 ices are known to exist in different astrophysical environments. In spite of this, its physical properties (structure, density, refractive index) have not been as widely studied as those of water ice. It would be of great value to study the adsorption properties of this ice in conditions related to astrophysical environments. In this paper, we explore the possibility that CO2 traps relevant molecules in astrophysical environments at temperatures higher than expected from their characteristic sublimation point. To fulfil this aim we have carried out desorption experiments under High Vacuum conditions based on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance and additionally monitored with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. From our results, the presence of CH4 in the solid phase above the sublimation temperature in some astrophysical scenarios could be explained by the presence of several retaining mechanisms related to the structure of CO2 ice.
R. Luna; C. Millan; M. Domingo; M. A. Satorre
DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF ICE Alexe BOSAK
Ic 28o halo observed at least 7 times since 1629 octahedral particles of ice Ic! #12;Cooling downDIFFRACTION STUDIES OF ICE Alexeï BOSAK European Synchrotron Radiation Facility #12;Ice as the mild threat ice Ih the only ice in the crust #12;Ice as the absolute weapon Ice IX : melting point 45.8°C
Titov, Anatoly
Global ice sheet modeling
The University of Maine conducted this study for Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as part of a global climate modeling task for site characterization of the potential nuclear waste respository site at Yucca Mountain, NV. The purpose of the study was to develop a global ice sheet dynamics model that will forecast the three-dimensional configuration of global ice sheets for specific climate change scenarios. The objective of the third (final) year of the work was to produce ice sheet data for glaciation scenarios covering the next 100,000 years. This was accomplished using both the map-plane and flowband solutions of our time-dependent, finite-element gridpoint model. The theory and equations used to develop the ice sheet models are presented. Three future scenarios were simulated by the model and results are discussed.
Hughes, T.J.; Fastook, J.L. [Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Institute for Quaternary Studies
Ice Formation in Gas-Diffusion Layers
the University of California. Ice Formation in Gas-Diffusionsub-freezing conditions, ice forms in the gas-diffusionstrategies exist to prevent ice formation, there is little
Dursch, Thomas
ICE Raids: Compounding Production, Contradiction, and Capitalism
America: Factories and ICE Raids Produce Citizens Americansubjects. ICE raids (re)produce workers� contradictoryfactories and ICE raids have come to produce immigrant
Reas, Elizabeth I
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative genomics-guided loop-mediated isothermal
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative genomics-guided loop-mediated isothermal amplification sequencing and analytical techniques, genomic sequence data of prok- aryotes are accumulating at a very rapid pace. As of October 2008, there are 873 complete and pub- lished genome sequences, as well as 2025
Hsiang, Tom
Coherent radar ice thickness measurements over the Greenland ice sheet
We developed two 150-MHz coherent radar depth sounders for ice thickness measurements over the Greenland ice sheet. We developed one of these using connectorized components and the other using radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). Both...
Gogineni, S. Prasad; Tammana, Dilip; Braaten, David A.; Leuschen, C.; Legarsky, J.; Kanagaratnam, P.; Stiles, J.; Allen, C.; Jezek, K.; Akins, T.
Designing for effective stationkeeping in ice
and intervention vessels for Arctic oil and gas. #12;2. An effective Ice Management system · Ice Management for the CIVArctic vessel. - Comparison with the ice model tests carried out in the Aker Arctic ice tank in May 2011
Nørvåg, Kjetil
The different facets of ice have different hydrophilicities: Friction at water / ice-I$_\\mathrm{h}$ interfaces
We present evidence that the prismatic and secondary prism facets of ice-I$_\\mathrm{h}$ crystals possess structural features that can reduce the effective hydrophilicity of the ice/water interface. The spreading dynamics of liquid water droplets on ice facets exhibits long-time behavior that differs for the prismatic $\\{10\\bar{1}0\\}$ and secondary prism $\\{11\\bar{2}0\\}$ facets when compared with the basal $\\{0001\\}$ and pyramidal $\\{20\\bar{2}1\\}$ facets. We also present the results of simulations of solid-liquid friction of the same four crystal facets being drawn through liquid water, and find that the two prismatic facets exhibit roughly half the solid-liquid friction of the basal and pyramidal facets. These simulations provide evidence that the two prismatic faces have a significantly smaller effective surface area in contact with the liquid water. The ice / water interfacial widths for all four crystal facets are similar (using both structural and dynamic measures), and were found to be independent of the...
Louden, Patrick B
ice | proceedings Forensic Engineering
ice | proceedings Forensic Engineering Volume 165 Issue FE4 November 2012 Forensic Engineering or economic damage. Research and practice papers are sought on traditional or modern forensic engineering, design and construction. Topics covered also include research and education best practice in forensic
Mottram, Toby
Isothermal dehydration of thin films of water and sugar solutions
The process of quasi-isothermal dehydration of thin films of pure water and aqueous sugar solutions is investigated with a dual experimental and theoretical approach. A nanoporous paper disk with a homogeneous internal structure was used as a substrate. This experimental set-up makes it possible to gather thermodynamic data under well-defined conditions, develop a numerical model, and extract needed information about the dehydration process, in particular the water activity. It is found that the temperature evolution of the pure water film is not strictly isothermal during the drying process, possibly due to the influence of water diffusion through the cellulose web of the substrate. The role of sugar is clearly detectable and its influence on the dehydration process can be identified. At the end of the drying process, trehalose molecules slow down the diffusion of water molecules through the substrate in a more pronounced way than do the glucose molecules.
Heyd, R. [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France)] [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France); Rampino, A. [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France) [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France); Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy); Bellich, B.; Elisei, E. [Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy)] [Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy); Ces�ro, A. [Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy) [Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste (Italy); Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste (Italy); Saboungi, M.-L. [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France) [Centre de Recherche sur la Mati�re Divis�e, University of Orleans and CNRS, rue de la F�rollerie 1B, 45071 Orl�ans Cedex 2 (France); Institut de Min�ralogie, de Physique des Mat�riaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Univ-UPMC, Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7590, Museum National d�Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris (France)
Weighted?density?functional theory calculation of elastic constants for face?centered?cubic and body?centered?cubic hard?sphere crystals
The isothermal elastic constants for the face?centered?cubic (fcc) and body?centered?cubic (bcc) hard?sphere crystal are calculated for a range of densities using the modified weighted?density functional of Denton and ...
Laird, Brian Bostian
Hail ice impact on composite structures at glancing angles
investigation of high velocity ice impacts on woven carbon/and ice sphere. .by trailing ice fragments. ..
Funai, Sho
Formation of high density amorphous ice by decompression of ice VII and ice VIII at 135 K
of ice Ih and are found to have very similar structures. By cooling liquid water along the water trans- forms into ice VIII when cooled . With this in mind Klug et al. were able to produce low densityFormation of high density amorphous ice by decompression of ice VII and ice VIII at 135 K Carl Mc
McBride, Carl
Hidden force floating ice
Because of the segmental specific-heat disparity of the hydrogen bond (O:H-O) and the Coulomb repulsion between oxygen ions, cooling elongates the O:H-O bond at freezing by stretching its containing angle and shortening the H-O bond with an association of larger O:H elongation, which makes ice less dense than water, allowing it to float.
Chang Q. Sun
Ice Storm Supercomputer
ScienceCinema (OSTI)
"A new Idaho National Laboratory supercomputer is helping scientists create more realistic simulations of nuclear fuel. Dubbed 'Ice Storm,' this 2048-processor machine allows researchers to model and predict the complex physics behind nuclear reactor behavior. And with a new visualization lab, the team can see the results of its simulations on the big screen." For more information about INL research, visit http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.
Greenland Ice Sheet Retreat Since the Little Ice Age
and I. Willis (2012), Greenland's shrinking ice cover: "fastfluctuations in southeast Greenland, Nat. Geosci. , 5(6),T. Decker (2011), Analysis of Greenland marine- terminating
Beitch, Marci Jillian
Method for thermal processing alumina-enriched spinel single crystals
A process for age-hardening alumina-rich magnesium aluminum spinel to obtain the desired combination of characteristics of hardness, clarity, flexural strength and toughness comprises selection of the time-temperature pair for isothermal heating followed by quenching. The time-temperature pair is selected from the region wherein the precipitate groups have the characteristics sought. The single crystal spinel is isothermally heated and will, if heated long enough pass from its single phase through two pre-precipitates and two metastable precipitates to a stable secondary phase precipitate within the spinel matrix. Quenching is done slowly at first to avoid thermal shock, then rapidly.
Jantzen, Carol M. (Aiken, SC)
A process for age-hardening alumina-rich magnesium aluminum spinel to obtain the desired combination of characteristics of hardness, clarity, flexural strength and toughness comprises selection of the time-temperature pair for isothermal heating followed by quenching. The time-temperature pair is selected from the region wherein the precipitate groups have the characteristics sought. The single crystal spinel is isothermally heated and will, if heated long enough pass from its single phase through two pre-precipitates and two metastable precipitates to a stable secondary phase precipitate within the spinel matrix. Quenching is done slowly at first to avoid thermal shock, then rapidly. 12 figs.
Jantzen, C.M.
Engineering Notes Ice Shape Characterization Using
Engineering Notes Ice Shape Characterization Using Self-Organizing Maps Stephen T. McClain Baylor. Introduction DURING the validation and verification of ice accretion codes, predicted ice shapes must be compared with experimental measurements of wind-tunnel or atmospheric ice shapes. Current methods for ice
Tino, Peter
Ice Mass Balance Buoy: An Instrument to Measure and Attribute Changes in Ice Thickness
Ice Mass Balance Buoy: An Instrument to Measure and Attribute Changes in Ice Thickness Jacqueline A the Ice Mass Balance buoy (IMB) in response to the need for monitoring changes in the thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover. The IMB is an autonomous, ice-based system. IMB buoys provide a time series of ice
Geiger, Cathleen
Wave Properties of Isothermal Magneto-Rotational Fluids
In this paper, the isothermal plasma wave properties in the neighborhood of the pair production region for the Kerr black hole magnetosphere are discussed. We have considered the Fourier analyzed form of the perturbed general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations whose determinant leads to a dispersion relation. For the special scenario, the $x$-component of the complex wave vectors are numerically calculated. Respective components of the propagation vector, attenuation vector, phase and group velocities are shown in graphs. We have particularly investigated the existence of a Veselago medium and wave behavior (modes of waves dispersion
M. Sharif; Umber Sheikh
Adaptive Optics Observations of 3 micron Water Ice in Silhouette Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster and M43
We present the near-infrared images and spectra of four silhouette disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC; M42) and M43 using the Subaru Adaptive Optics system. While d053-717 and d141-1952 show no water ice feature at 3.1 micron, a moderately deep (tau~0.7) water ice absorption is detected toward d132-1832 and d216-0939. Taking into account the water ice so far detected in the silhouette disks, the critical inclination angle to produce a water ice absorption feature is confirmed to be 65-75deg. As for d216-0939, the crystallized water ice profile is exactly the same as in the previous observations taken 3.63 years ago. If the water ice material is located at 30AU, then the observations suggest it is uniform at a scale of about 3.5AU.
Terada, Hiroshi; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Minowa, Yosuke; Hayano, Yutaka; Oya, Shin; Watanabe, Makoto; Hattori, Masayuki; Saito, Yoshihiko; Ito, Meguru; Takami, Hideki; Iye, Masanori
Fire and Ice Issue 9
�s FIRE AND ICE # 9 IB FIRE ICE #9 A Blake/Avon slash fanzine r Available from: Kathleen Resch POBox 1766 Temple City, CA 91780 email@example.com FIRE AND ICE # 9copyright � May, 2005 by Kathleen Resch for the contributors. No reprints... or reproduction without the written permission ofthe author/artist This is an amateur publication and is not p intended to infringe upon the rights ofany holders of"Blake's 7" copyrights. FIRE AND ICE 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS LEAVING ROOM 101 by Nova 2 TOO MANY...
Multiple Contributors
is just a cheap way of boosting ICE �criminal alien� arrestRegardless of whether or not ICE is motivated by maintainingWorkers in America: Factories and ICE Raids Produce Citizens
ICE Pulse Oximeter Smart Alarm App Requirements
ICE Pulse Oximeter Smart Alarm App Requirements 6 March 2012 Revision 0 for an Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) pulse oximetry monitoring app that provides.2 References [Purpose: List all ICE standards, and other standards and references
Huth, Michael
Nonstochastic magnetic reversal in artificial quasicrystalline spin ice
We have measured the isothermal DC magnetization of Penrose P2 tilings (P2T) composed of wire segments of permalloy thin film. Micromagnetic simulations reproduce the coercive fields and �knee anomalies� observed in experimental data and show magnetic shape anisotropy constrains segments to be single-domain (Ising spins) at low fields, similar to artificial spin ice (ASI). Mirror symmetry controls the initial reversal of individual segments oriented parallel to the applied field, followed by complex switching of multiple adjacent segments (�avalanches�) of various orientations such that closed magnetization loops (�vortices�) are favored. Ferromagnetic P2T differ from previously studied ASI systems due to their aperiodic translational symmetry and numerous inequivalent pattern vertices, which drive nonstochastic switching of segment polarizations.
Farmer, B.; Bhat, V. S.; Woods, J.; Teipel, E.; Smith, N.; De Long, L. E., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States); Sklenar, J.; Ketterson, J. B. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (United States); Hastings, J. T. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States)
Gas adsorption isotherm equation based on vacancy solution theory
Pennsylvania State University's new isotherm equation for pure gas adsorption treats the adsorption equilbrium as an osmotic equilibrium between two ''vacancy'' solutions having different compositions. One solution represents the gas phase and the other the adsorbed phase. The vacancy solution is composed of adsorbates and vacancies (imaginary entities defined as the vacuum space that acts as the solvent for the system). Penn State evaluated the developed correlation against published adsorption-isotherm data for O/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, and CO on zeolite 10X and for light hydrocarbons (CH/sub 4/ to nC/sub 4/H/sub 10/) and CO/sub 2/ on Nuxit-AL activated carbon. For both adsorbents, the correlations were closer than those obtained by any other adsorption model that has been extended to gas mixtures. The new method can also represent multicomponent systems because the activity coefficient governing the nonideality of adsorbed mixtures can be readily calculated from binary parameters. These are obtained from single-component adsorption data by a procedure analogous to a bulk solution.
Suwanayuen, S.; Danner, R.P.
Stationary Nonaxisymmetric Configurations of Magnetized Singular Isothermal Disks
Accepted.... Received...; in original form... We construct both aligned and unaligned (logarithmic spiral) stationary configurations of nonaxisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disks from either a full or a partial razor-thin power-law axisymmetric magnetized singular isothermal disk (MSID) that is embedded with a coplanar azimuthal magnetic field B? of a non-force-free radial scaling r?1/2 and that rotates differentially with a flat rotation curve of speed aD, where a is the isothermal sound speed and D is the dimensionless rotation parameter. Analytical solutions and stability criteria for determining D2 are derived. For aligned nonaxisymmetric MSIDs, eccentric m = 1 displacements may occur at arbitrary D2 in a full MSID but are allowed only with a2D2 = C2 A /2 in a partial MSID (CA is the Alfv�n speed), while each case of |m | ? 1 gives two possible values of D2 for purely azimuthal propagations of fast and slow MHD density waves (FMDWs and SMDWs) that appear stationary in an inertial frame of reference. For disk galaxies modeled by a partial MSID resulting from a massive dark-matter halo with a flat rotation curve and a2D2 ? C2 A, stationary aligned perturbations of m = 1 are not allowed. For
Yu-qing Lou
Gap formation and stability in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
Several observations of transition discs show lopsided dust-distributions. A potential explanation is the formation of a large-scale vortex acting as a dust-trap at the edge of a gap opened by a giant planet. Numerical models of gap-edge vortices have thus far employed locally isothermal discs, but the theory of this vortex-forming or `Rossby wave' instability was originally developed for adiabatic discs. We generalise the study of planetary gap stability to non-isothermal discs using customised numerical simulations of disc-planet systems where the planet opens an unstable gap. We include in the energy equation a simple cooling function with cooling timescale $t_c=\\beta\\Omega_k^{-1}$, where $\\Omega_k$ is the Keplerian frequency, and examine the effect of $\\beta$ on the stability of gap edges and vortex lifetimes. We find increasing $\\beta$ lowers the growth rate of non-axisymmetric perturbations, and the dominant azimuthal wavenumber $m$ decreases. We find a quasi-steady state consisting of one large-scale, ...
Les, Robert
Close-spaced thermionic converters with active spacing control and heat-pipe isothermal emitters
Thermionic converters with interelectrode gaps smaller than 10 microns are capable of substantial performance improvements over conventional ignited mode diodes. Previous devices which have demonstrated operation at such small gaps have done so at low power densities and emitter temperatures. Higher power operation requires overcoming two primary design issues: thermal distortion of the emitter due to temperature gradients and degradation of the in-gap spacers at higher emitter temperatures. This work describes two innovations for solution of these issues. The issue of thermal distortion was addressed by an isothermal emitter incorporating a heat-pipe into its structure. Such a heat-pipe emitter, with a single-crystal emitting surface, was fabricated and characterized. Finite-element computational modeling was used to analyze its distortion with an applied heat flux. The calculations suggested that thermal distortion would be significantly reduced as compared with a solid emitter. Ongoing work and preliminary experimental results are described for a system of active interelectrode gap control. In the present design an integral transducer determines the interelectrode gap of the converter. Initial designs for spacing actuators and their required cesium vapor seals are discussed. A novel hot-shell converter design incorporating active spacing control and low-temperature seals is presented. A converter incorporating the above features would be capable of near ideal-converter performance at high power densities. In addition, active spacing control can potentially completely eliminate short-circuit failures in thermionic converter systems.
Fitzpatrick, G.O.; Koester, J.K.; Chang, J.; Britt, E.J.; McVey, J.B. [Space Power, Inc., San Jose, CA (United States)
RESIK Solar X-ray flare element abundances on a non-isothermal assumption
Solar X-ray spectra from the RESIK crystal spectrometer on the {\\em CORONAS-F} spacecraft (spectral range $3.3-6.1$~\\AA) are analyzed for thirty-three flares using a method to derive abundances of Si, S, Ar, and K, emission lines of which feature prominently in the spectra. For each spectrum, the method first optimizes element abundances then derives the differential emission measure as a function of temperature based on a procedure given by Sylwester et al. and Withbroe. This contrasts with our previous analyses of RESIK spectra in which an isothermal assumption was used. The revised abundances (on a logarithmic scale with $A({\\rm H}) = 12$) averaged for all the flares in the analysis are $A({\\rm Si}) = 7.53 \\pm 0.08$ (previously $7.89 \\pm 0.13$), $A({\\rm S}) = 6.91 \\pm 0.07$ ($7.16 \\pm 0.17$), $A({\\rm Ar}) = 6.47 \\pm 0.08$ ($6.45 \\pm 0.07$), and $A({\\rm K}) = 5.73 \\pm 0.19$ ($5.86 \\pm 0.20$), with little evidence for time variations of abundances within the evolution of each flare. Our previous estimates of...
Sylwester, B; Sylwester, J; Kepa, A
Biogeochemistry in Sea Ice: CICE model developments
Polar primary production unfolds in a dynamic sea ice environment, and the interactions of sea ice with ocean support and mediate this production. In spring, for example, fresh melt water contributes to the shoaling of the mixed layer enhancing ice edge blooms. In contrast, sea ice formation in the fall reduces light penetration to the upper ocean slowing primary production in marine waters. Polar biogeochemical modeling studies typically consider these types of ice-ocean interactions. However, sea ice itself is a biogeochemically active medium, contributing a significant and, possibly, essential source of primary production to polar regions in early spring and fall. Here we present numerical simulations using the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) with prognostic salinity and sea ice biogeochemistry. This study investigates the relationship between sea ice multiphase physics and sea ice productivity. Of particular emphasis are the processes of gravity drainage, melt water flushing, and snow loading. During sea ice formation, desalination by gravity drainage facilitates nutrient exchange between ocean and ice maintaining ice algal blooms in early spring. Melt water flushing releases ice algae and nutrients to underlying waters limiting ice production. Finally, snow loading, particularly in the Southern Ocean, forces sea ice below the ocean surface driving an upward flow of nutrient rich water into the ice to the benefit of interior and freeboard communities. Incorporating ice microphysics in CICE has given us an important tool for assessing the importance of these processes for polar algal production at global scales.
Jeffery, Nicole [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hunke, Elizabeth [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Elliott, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Turner, Adrian [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Therapeutic Hypothermia: Protective Cooling Using Medical Ice...
Therapeutic Hypothermia: Protective Cooling Using Medical Ice Slurry Technology available for licensing: Proprietary method and equipment for making an ice slurry coolant to induce...
Fire and Ice Issue 2
^ $$% i&l /P^ \\0 rffej FIRE AND ICE AVAILABLE FROM Kathleen Resch PO Box 1766 Temple City, CA 91780 FIRE AND ICE II TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER by Phoenix FRONTISPIECE by Gayle Feyrer "Flashpoint" by Rachel Duncan 1 PEDESTAL by Thomas 2 "A Damn Fine...
E-Print Network 3.0 - adsorption isotherm determined Sample Search...
9 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING MARCH 2000 267 EQUILIBRIUM AND HEAT OF ADSORPTION FOR WATER Summary: ABSTRACT: The Qi-Hay-Rood adsorption isotherm equation is shown...
E-Print Network 3.0 - adsorption isotherms modeling Sample Search...
Management and Restoration Technologies 12 Effects of Solid-to-Solution Ratio on Uranium(VI) Adsorption and Its Summary: -9) and to derive adsorption isotherms (or KD),...
Dynamics of ice shelf rift propagation and iceberg calving inferred from geodetic and seismic observations
2. Ice Shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. Ice Rheology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.vi Calving Glaciers and Ice
Bassis, Jeremy N.
Modeling, Simulation and Comparison Study of Cirrus Clouds' Ice Jorge M. Villa*a
Modeling, Simulation and Comparison Study of Cirrus Clouds' Ice Crystals Jorge M. Villa*a , Sandra of the bullets. This software allows us to create irregular models of particles using the Discrete Dipole of earth's energy dynamics, therefore affecting climate systems1 . In addition, they indirectly affect
Cruz-Pol, Sandra L.
Gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and CaO particles under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions by using a thermogravimetric analyzer
1 Gas-solid carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and CaO particles under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions Gas Control 11, 3 (2012) 172-180" DOI : 10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.08.009 #12;2 Abstract The gas, quantify the gas-solid carbonation extent and the carbonation kinetics of Ca(OH)2 and CaO; and secondly
Boyer, Edmond
Polarization dependence of radiowave propagation through Antarctic ice
Using a bistatic radar system on the ice surface, we have studied radiofrequency reflections off internal layers in Antarctic ice at the South Pole. In our measurement, the total propagation time of ~ns-duration, vertically broadcast radio signals, as a function of polarization axis in the horizontal plane, provides a direct probe of the geometry-dependence of the ice permittivity to depths of 1--2 km. Previous studies in East Antarctica have interpreted the measured azimuthal dependence of reflected signals as evidence for birefringent-induced interference effects, which are proposed to result from preferred alignment of the crystal orientation fabric (COF) axis. To the extent that COF alignment results from the bulk flow of ice across the Antarctic continent, we would expect a measurable birefringent asymmetry at South Pole, as well. Although we also observe clear dependence of reflected amplitude on polarization angle in our measurements, we do not observe direct evidence for birefringent-induced time-delay effects at the level of 0.1 parts per mille.
Dave Z. Besson
Ice deformation near SHEBA R. W. Lindsay
in the vicinity of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ice camp that is suitable for forcing factor for regional heat fluxes, ice growth and melt rates, and ice strength [Maykut, 1982Ice deformation near SHEBA R. W. Lindsay Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle
Lindsay, Ron
4, 709732, 2007 Ice-shelf ocean
OSD 4, 709�732, 2007 Ice-shelf � ocean interactions at Fimbul Ice Shelf M. R. Price Title Page published in Ocean Science Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Ocean Science Ice-shelf � ocean interactions at Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica from oxygen isotope ratio measurements M. R. Price 1
Climate Change and Variability Lake Ice, Fishes
#12;Climate Change and Variability Lake Ice, Fishes and Water Levels John J. Magnuson Center to everything else." #12;The Invisible Present The Invisible Place Magnuson 2006 #12;Ice-on Day 2007 Peter W. Schmitz Photo Local Lake Mendota #12;Ice Breakup 2010 Lake Mendota March 20 #12;March 21 Ice Breakup 2010
Sheridan, Jennifer
- ponents in its inaugural season. Former bench boss Dave Snyder, in whose honor the Wesleyan ice rink2011-12 PROSPECTUS2011-12 PROSPECTUS WESLEYAN MEN'S ICE HOCKEYWESLEYAN MEN'S ICE HOCKEY #12....................................Chris Potter/Jeff Gilarde Men's Ice Hockey..............Chris Potter Women's Ice Hockey.........Jodi Mc
Devoto, Stephen H.
Impact of underwater-ice evolution on Arctic summer sea ice
Impact of underwater-ice evolution on Arctic summer sea ice Dirk Notz,1,4 Miles G. McPhee,2 M. Grae the simultaneous growth and ablation of a layer of ice between an under-ice melt pond and the underlying ocean. Such ``false bottoms'' are the only significant source of ice formation in the Arctic during summer. Analytical
Worster, M. Grae
Ice Shelf Water plume flow beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Ice Shelf Water plume flow beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica Paul R. Holland,1 Daniel L Filchner- Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica and its underlying ocean cavity. Ice Shelf Water (ISW) plumes are initiated by the freshwater released from a melting ice shelf and, if they rise, may become supercooled
Feltham, Daniel
The Effects of Rotation and Ice Shelf Topography on Frazil-Laden Ice Shelf Water Plumes
, Antarctica. In addition, it is found that the model only produces reasonable marine ice formation rates whenThe Effects of Rotation and Ice Shelf Topography on Frazil-Laden Ice Shelf Water Plumes PAUL R of the dynamics and thermodynamics of a plume of meltwater at the base of an ice shelf is presented. Such ice
Global simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme in the Community
and supersaturation in CAM. The new model is able to reproduce field observations of ice mass and mixed phase cloud are sensitive to the parameterization of ice clouds. These results indicate that ice clouds are potentiallyGlobal simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme
Gettelman, Andrew
Sea-ice thickness measurement based on the dispersion of ice swell
-azimuth angles. The parameterization, that includes finding the best modeled ice thickness, is performed by usingSea-ice thickness measurement based on the dispersion of ice swell David Marsana) ISTerre, CNRS propagating in the Arctic sea ice cover is exploited in order to locally measure the ice thickness
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Surface Melting over Ice Shelves and Ice Sheets as Assessed from Modeled
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Surface Melting over Ice Shelves and Ice Sheets as Assessed from Modeled of ice shelves and their progenitor ice sheets. To explore the magnitude of surface melt occurring over) and most of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) by the year 2500. Capping CO2 concentrations at present
Meissner, Katrin Juliane
Electrical properties of saline ices and ice-silicate mixtures: geophysical and astrobiological consequences (Invited)
MR22A-05 Electrical properties of saline ices and ice-silicate mixtures: geophysical) electrical-properties measurements of laboratory- produced saline ice, salt hydrates, and ice-silicate cutoff. In ice-silicate mixtures, brine channels are evident above the eutectic temperature only when
Stillman, David E.
Comment on ``A quantitative framework for interpretation of basal ice facies formed by ice
heave would be expected to produce were revealed beneath the Kamb Ice Stream by the pioneering boreholeComment on ``A quantitative framework for interpretation of basal ice facies formed by ice quantitative framework for interpretation of basal ice facies formed by ice accretion over subglacial sediment
Non-isothermal preform infiltration during the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process
the infiltration of a rectangular carbon fiber based preform with the NBV-800 epoxy resin and to optimize the VARTMNon-isothermal preform infiltration during the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM-element model is developed to analyze the infiltration of a fiber preform with resin under non- isothermal
Grujicic, Mica
NREL's Isothermal Battery Calorimeters are Crucial Tools for Advancing Electric-Drive Vehicles
NREL's Isothermal Battery Calorimeters are Crucial Tools for Advancing Electric-Drive Vehicles, and plug-in hybrids. But before more Americans switch to electric-drive vehicles, automakers need batteries to the safety and performance of electric-drive batteries. The innovative Isothermal Battery Calorimeters (IBCs
Fractal Structure of Isothermal Lines and Loops on the Cosmic Microwave Background
Fractal Structure of Isothermal Lines and Loops on the Cosmic Microwave Background Naoki KOBAYASHI and the fractal structure is confirmed in the radiation temperature fluctuation. We estimate the fractal exponents, such as the fractal dimension De of the entire pattern of isothermal lines, the fractal dimension Dc of a single
Chiang, Lung-Yih
Magnetic charge crystals imaged in artificial spin ice
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas Conchas recovery challenge fund Las ConchasTrail
An experimental and theoretical study of the ice accretion process during artificial and natural icing conditions
Real-time measurements of ice growth during artificial and natural icing conditions were conducted using an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. This technique allows ice thickness to be measured with an accuracy of ?0.5 mm; ...
Kirby, Mark Samuel
Neglecting ice-atmosphere interactions underestimates ice sheet melt in millennial-scale deglaciation simulations
Laurentide and Innutian ice sheets during the Last Glacialclimate of the laurentide ice sheet at the LGM, J. Clim. ,1958), The flow law of ice: A discussion of the assumptions
Pritchard, M. S.; Bush, A. B.; Marshall, S. J.
amorphous ice transition: Topics by E-print Network
artificial and natural icing conditions MIT - DSpace Summary: Real-time measurements of ice growth during artificial and natural icing conditions were conducted using an...
alpine deep ice: Topics by E-print Network
Isothermal heat measurements of TBP-nitric acid solutions
Net heats of reaction were measured in an isothermal calorimeter for TBP/HNO{sub 3} solutions at ambient pressure and temperatures above 100{degrees}C. Carbon and nitrogen balances were performed giving the reaction stoichiometry. Rate expressions were derived and rate constants determined for both the single and two phase systems which included mass lost from the reacting system by evaporation. This mathematical model was fit to the experimental data (including the measured net heat and off-gas rate) gathered over a wide range of conditions. The oxidation rate constant was determined to be 5.4E-4 min{sup -1} at 110{degrees}C for an open {open_quotes}vented{close_quotes} system as compared to >1E-3min{sup -1} in a closed system. The heat released per unit material oxidized was also reduced due to a decrease in dissolved oxidants and an inefficient reduction of HNO{sub 3}. Oxidation in the organic phase was found to be first order in nitric acid and pseudo-zero order in butylnitrate and water.
Smith, J.R.; Cavin, W.S. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Aiken, SC (United States)
Vapor deposition of water on graphitic surfaces: Formation of amorphous ice, bilayer ice, ice I, and liquid water
Carbonaceous surfaces are a major source of atmospheric particles and could play an important role in the formation of ice. Here we investigate through molecular simulations the stability, metastability, and molecular pathways of deposition of amorphous ice, bilayer ice, and ice I from water vapor on graphitic and atomless Lennard-Jones surfaces as a function of temperature. We find that bilayer ice is the most stable ice polymorph for small cluster sizes, nevertheless it can grow metastable well above its region of thermodynamic stability. In agreement with experiments, the simulations predict that on increasing temperature the outcome of water deposition is amorphous ice, bilayer ice, ice I, and liquid water. The deposition nucleation of bilayer ice and ice I is preceded by the formation of small liquid clusters, which have two wetting states: bilayer pancake-like (wetting) at small cluster size and droplet-like (non-wetting) at larger cluster size. The wetting state of liquid clusters determines which ice polymorph is nucleated: bilayer ice nucleates from wetting bilayer liquid clusters and ice I from non-wetting liquid clusters. The maximum temperature for nucleation of bilayer ice on flat surfaces, T{sub B}{sup max} is given by the maximum temperature for which liquid water clusters reach the equilibrium melting line of bilayer ice as wetting bilayer clusters. Increasing water-surface attraction stabilizes the pancake-like wetting state of liquid clusters leading to larger T{sub B}{sup max} for the flat non-hydrogen bonding surfaces of this study. The findings of this study should be of relevance for the understanding of ice formation by deposition mode on carbonaceous atmospheric particles, including soot.
Lupi, Laura; Kastelowitz, Noah; Molinero, Valeria, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850 (United States)
Ross Ice Shelf in situ radio-frequency ice attenuation
We have measured the in situ average electric field attenuation length for radio-frequency signals broadcast vertically through the Ross Ice Shelf. We chose a location, Moore Embayment, south of Minna Bluff, known for its high reflectivity at the ice-sea interface. We confirmed specular reflection and used the return pulses to measure the average attenuation length from 75-1250 MHz over the round-trip distance of 1155 m. We find the average electric field attenuation length to vary from 500 m at 75 MHz to 300 m at 1250 MHz, with an experimental uncertainty of 55 to 15 m. We discuss the implications for neutrino telescopes that use the radio technique and include the Ross Ice Shelf as part of their sensitive volume.
Taylor Barrella; Steven Barwick; David Saltzberg
FINAL REPORT FOR THE DOE/ARM PROJECT TITLED Representation of the Microphysical and Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds in SCMs and GCMs
The broad goal of this research is to improve climate prediction through better representation of cirrus cloud microphysical and radiative properties in global climate models (GCMs). Clouds still represent the greatest source of uncertainty in climate prediction, and the representation of ice clouds is considerably more challenging than liquid water clouds. While about 40% of cloud condensate may be in the form of ice by some estimates, there have been no credible means of representing the ice particle size distribution and mass removal rates from ice clouds in GCMs. Both factors introduce large uncertainties regarding the global net flux, the latter factor alone producing a change of 10 W/m2 in the global net flux due to plausible changes in effective ice particle fallspeed. In addition, the radiative properties of ice crystals themselves are in question. This research provides GCMs with a credible means of representing the full (bimodal) ice particle size distribution (PSD) in ice clouds, including estimates of the small crystal (D < 65 microns) mode of the PSD. It also provides realistic estimates of mass sedimentation rates from ice clouds, which have a strong impact on their ice contents and radiative properties. This can be done through proper analysis of ice cloud microphysical data from ARM and other field campaigns. In addition, this research tests the ice cloud radiation treatment developed under two previous ARM projects by comparing it against laboratory measurements of ice cloud extinction efficiency and by comparing it with explicit theoretical calculations of ice crystal optical properties. The outcome of this project includes two PSD schemes for ice clouds; one appropriate for mid-latitude cirrus clouds and another for tropical anvil cirrus. Cloud temperature and ice water content (IWC) are the inputs for these PSD schemes, which are based on numerous PSD observations. The temperature dependence of the small crystal mode of the PSD for tropical anvils is opposite to that of mid-latitude cirrus, and this results in very different radiative properties for these two types of cirrus at temperatures less than about 50 C for a given ice water path. In addition, the representative PSD fall velocity is strongly influenced by the small crystal mode, and for temperatures less than 52 C, this fall velocity for mid-latitude cirrus is 2-8 times greater than for tropical anvil cirrus. Finally, the treatment of ice cloud optical properties was found to agree with laboratory measurements and exact theory within 15% for any given wavelength, PSD and ice particle shape. This treatment is analytical, formulated in terms of the PSD and ice particle shape properties. It thus provides the means for explicitly coupling the ice cloud microphysical and radiative properties, and can treat any combination of ice particle shape. It is very inexpensive regarding computer time. When these three deliverables were incorporated into the GCM at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) under another project, it was found that the sunlight reflected and the amount of upwelling heat absorbed by cirrus clouds depended strongly on the PSD scheme used (i.e. mid-latitude or tropical anvil). This was largely due to the fall velocities associated with the two PSD schemes, although the PSD shape was also important.
Mitchell, David L.
Isothermal decomposition of New Albany shale from Kentucky
The isothermal decomposition of a New Albany oil shale has been studied in the temperature range of 375/sup 0/C to 425/sup 0/C. The amount of conversion of kerogen to bitumen, oil, gas and residue products was obtained for different reaction times in this temperature range. Elemental analyses were obtained on the bitumen, oil, and solid reaction products. Molecular weights and /sup 13/C NMR measurements of the aliphatic and aromatic carbon fractions in the solid products were made to complete the analyses. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the New Albany oil shale exhibits complex behavior. None of the data fit a simple first-order kinetic expression with respect to kerogen concentration for all temperatures, indicating that multiple parallel reactions occur during the decomposition. However, by fitting the initial slopes of the oil conversion data, it was possible to obtain the weighted average rate constants at each temperature. These data gave a good fit to the Arrhenius equation with the frequency factor equal to 6.38 x 10/sup 15/ min/sup -1/, and the activation energy equal to 207.5 k.j mol/sup -1/ for the kerogen decomposition. The maximum bitumen concentration was 10% or less of the original kerogen at any temperature, indicating that direct conversion of kerogen to oil, gas and residue occurs during heating. Since the highly aliphatic Green River oil shale forms large amounts of bitumen whereas the more aromatic New Albany shale forms only small amounts, the formation of bitumen may be related to the aromatic nature of the kerogen. In general, the chemical properties of the oil were fairly constant at all reaction times and temperatures studied. Hydrogen sulfide was the dominant species in the gas phase. The solid and liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data show that the net increase of total aromatic carbon in the products was about 30% of the raw shale value. 37 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.
Miknis, F.P.; Conn, P.J.; Turner, T.F.; Berdan, G.L.
Physical Controls on Ice Variability in the Bering Sea /
region. The model also produces less ice near much of thewinds (Figure 3.13c,d) produce more ice growth and more iceThe model produces variations in total ice area anomalies
Li, Linghan
NOAA Technical Memorandum GLERL-135 Great Lakes Ice Cover Climatology
____________________________________________________________________________ Great Lakes Ice Cover Climatology Update: Winters 2003, 2004, and 2005 Raymond A. Assel NOAA, Great..................................................................................................6 DATES OF FIRST (LAST) ICE AND ICE DURATION. .............................................................7 SEASONAL PROGRESSION OF ICE COVER
Influence of surface morphology on the immersion mode ice nucleation efficiency of hematite particles
In this paper, the effect of the morphological modification of aerosol particles with respect to heterogeneous ice nucleation is comprehensively investigated for laboratory-generated hematite particles as a model substrate for atmospheric dust particles. The surface area-scaled ice nucleation efficiencies of monodisperse cubic hematite particles and milled hematite particles were measured with a series of expansion cooling experiments using the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud simulation chamber. Complementary off-line characterization of physico-chemical properties of both hematite subsets were also carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and an electro-kinetical particle charge detector to further constrain droplet-freezing measurements of hematite particles. Additionally, an empirical parameterization derived from our laboratory measurements was implemented in the single-column version of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) to investigate the model sensitivity in simulated ice crystal number concentration on different ice nucleation efficiencies. From an experimental perspective, our results show that the immersion mode ice nucleation efficiency of milled hematite particles is almost an order of magnitude higher at -35.2 ?C < T < -33.5 ?C than that of the cubic hematite particles, indicating a substantial effect of morphological irregularities on immersion mode freezing. Our modeling results similarly show that the increased droplet-freezing rates of milled hematite particles lead to about one order magnitude higher ice crystal number in the upper troposphere than cubic hematite particles. Overall, our results suggest that the surface irregularities and associated active sites lead to greater ice activation through droplet-freezing.
Hiranuma, Naruki; Hoffmann, Nadine; Kiselev, Alexei; Dreyer, Axel; Zhang, Kai; Kulkarni, Gourihar R.; Koop, Thomas; Mohler, Ottmar
Thermal Storage with Ice Harvesting Systems
Application of Harvesting Ice Storage Systems. Thermal storage systems are becoming widely accepted techniques for utility load management. This paper discusses the principles of ice harvesting equipment and their application to the multi...
Knebel, D. E.
Quantum Ice : a quantum Monte Carlo study
Ice states, in which frustrated interactions lead to a macroscopic ground-state degeneracy, occur in water ice, in problems of frustrated charge order on the pyrochlore lattice, and in the family of rare-earth magnets collectively known as spin ice. Of particular interest at the moment are "quantum spin ice" materials, where large quantum fluctuations may permit tunnelling between a macroscopic number of different classical ground states. Here we use zero-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations to show how such tunnelling can lift the degeneracy of a spin or charge ice, stabilising a unique "quantum ice" ground state --- a quantum liquid with excitations described by the Maxwell action of 3+1-dimensional quantum electrodynamics. We further identify a competing ordered "squiggle" state, and show how both squiggle and quantum ice states might be distinguished in neutron scattering experiments on a spin ice material.
Nic Shannon; Olga Sikora; Frank Pollmann; Karlo Penc; Peter Fulde
Heavy ion irradiation of crystalline water ice
Under cosmic irradiation, the interstellar water ice mantles evolve towards a compact amorphous state. Crystalline ice amorphisation was previously monitored mainly in the keV to hundreds of keV ion energies. We experimentally investigate heavy ion irradiation amorphisation of crystalline ice, at high energies closer to true cosmic rays, and explore the water-ice sputtering yield. We irradiated thin crystalline ice films with MeV to GeV swift ion beams, produced at the GANIL accelerator. The ice infrared spectral evolution as a function of fluence is monitored with in-situ infrared spectroscopy (induced amorphisation of the initial crystalline state into a compact amorphous phase). The crystalline ice amorphisation cross-section is measured in the high electronic stopping-power range for different temperatures. At large fluence, the ice sputtering is measured on the infrared spectra, and the fitted sputtering-yield dependence, combined with previous measurements, is quadratic over three decades of electronic ...
Dartois, E; Boduch, P; Brunetto, R; Chabot, M; Domaracka, A; Ding, J J; Kamalou, O; Lv, X Y; Rothard, H; da Silveira, E F; Thomas, J C
Home Atmosphere Sea Ice Ocean Land Greenland Biology Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance
Home Atmosphere Sea Ice Ocean Land Greenland Biology Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance E. Hanna 1 ice loss over Greenland. Recent warm events are about the same magnitude, if not smaller, than those warming, remain incompletely understood. Satellite Observations The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) contains 7
Box, Jason E.
Ice Stream C slowdown is not stabilizing West Antarctic Ice Sheet S Anandakrishnan RB Alleyy
Ice Stream C slowdown is not stabilizing West Antarctic Ice Sheet S Anandakrishnan RB Alleyy RW Jacobelz H Conwayx March 24, 1999 Abstract Changes in the flow of ice stream C likely indicate a continuing part of ice stream C, West Antarctica largely stagnated over the last few centuries, while upglacier
Jacobel, Robert W.
Quenched by ice: Transient grating measurements of vibronic dynamics in bromine-doped ice
Quenched by ice: Transient grating measurements of vibronic dynamics in bromine-doped ice I. U April 2006; published online 25 May 2006 In both water and in ice, the absorption spectra of bromine of the trapped molecule in its electronic B 3 0u state in ice. Independent of the initial excitation energy
Apkarian, V. Ara
Sea ice control of water isotope transport to Antarctica and implications for ice core interpretation
associated with diabatic heating. The interior deuterium excess response is more strongly affected by sea ice ice and the local conditions may have remote influences [Jacobs and Comiso, 1997; StammerjohnSea ice control of water isotope transport to Antarctica and implications for ice core
Noone, David
New study details glacier ice loss following ice shelf July 25, 2011
and Ted #12;Scambos of the NSIDC produced detailed ice loss maps from 2001 to 2009 for the main tributaryNew study details glacier ice loss following ice shelf collapse July 25, 2011 Contact: Anthony Lane UMBC (410) 455-5793 firstname.lastname@example.com Katherine Leitzell National Snow and Ice Data Center University
Cambridge, University of
Ice Sample Production Techniques and Indentation Tests for Laboratory Experiments Simulating Ship Collisions with Ice
questions involving the fracture of ice. METHODS For STePS2 investigations ice is variously produced usingIce Sample Production Techniques and Indentation Tests for Laboratory Experiments Simulating Ship Collisions with Ice Stephen E. Bruneau1 , Anna K. Dillenburg2 , and Simon Ritter2 1 Prof. of Civil
Bruneau, Steve
Numerical Age Computation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet for Dating Deep Ice Cores
Numerical Age Computation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet for Dating Deep Ice Cores Bernd M¨ugge1 for the computation of the age of ice is discussed within the frame of numerical ice sheet modelling. The first method of a numerical diffusion term to stabilize the solution and therefore produces arbitrary results in a near
Calov, Reinhard
involving closing speeds over 1500m/s. Ice was produced using distilled and chilled water, unLABORATORY INDENTATION TESTS SIMULATING ICE- STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS USING CONE-SHAPED ICE SAMPLES describes the results of a series of tests from 2010-2012 in which cone-shaped ice samples were crushed
Gas isotopes in ice reveal a vegetated central Greenland during ice sheet invasion
= ) in the silty ice, reaching values as high as 22 mM [Tison et al., 1998]. Ammonium oxalate is produced duringGas isotopes in ice reveal a vegetated central Greenland during ice sheet invasion R. Souchez,1 J prevailing during build-up of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are not yet established. Here we use results from
Chappellaz, Jérôme
115GLACIERS AND ICE CAPSCHAPTER 6B Glaciers and Ice Caps
115GLACIERS AND ICE CAPSCHAPTER 6B 6B Glaciers and Ice Caps Michael Zemp (lead author, Department of Sciences, China) #12;116 GLOBAL OUTLOOK FOR ICE AND SNOW Summary Glaciers and ice caps are among the most hazards. Because they are close to the melting point and react strongly to climate change, glaciers
Fountain, Andrew G.
Developing Great Lakes Ice Model (GLIM) using CIOM (Coupled Ice-Ocean Model) in Lake Erie
Developing Great Lakes Ice Model (GLIM) using CIOM (Coupled Ice- Ocean Model) in Lake Erie Primary of the ice-ocean models, assistance with development of project reports and scientific presentations will first start the implementation of the CIOM in Lake Erie, assemble satellite observations of ice cover
Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover, Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping
Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover, Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping (freshwater) ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, were acquired concurrently
régime isotherme avait été suggérée par l'observation d'un déplacement anormal de rai- nures au cours de
E-Print Network 3.0 - adsorption isotherm equation Sample Search...
equation Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Experimental Study of Water Vapor Adsorption on Geothermal Summary: -Halsey-Hill (FHH) equation was found to fit the water adsorption isotherms...
Austenite in Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel Subjected to Multiple Isothermal Heat Treatments
of plastic instabilities during the course of deformation. In such circumstances, it is useful to conduct isothermal transformation at a high temperature where the rate of reaction is relatively rapid, followed by a lower temperature step that permits more...
Duong, Van Tuan; Song, You Young; Park, Kyong-Su; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Suh, Dong-Woo
Fire and Ice Issue 3
,fpl ^1 FIRE AND ICE Available from: Kathleen Resch PO Box 1766 Temple City,CA 91780 III � May, 1995 by Kathleen Resch for the contributors. No reprints or reproduction without the written permission of the author/artist. This is an amateur... publication and is not intended to infringe upon the rightsof "Blake's 7" copyright holders.. FIRE AND ICE TABLE OF CONTENTS THE GIFT by Pat Terra 1 "innerspace" by Pat Terra 24 WILD, BEAUTIFUL AND DAMNED by Gemini 25 SET THE NIGHT ON FIRE by Riley Cannon 40...
AMSR-E Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: Sea Ice Products
the Arctic perennial ice regions, and the ice temperature is produced from an algorithm similar to the Nimbus1 AMSR-E Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: Sea Ice Products Thorsten Markus and Donald J 20771 1. Overview The AMSR-E sea ice standard level 3 products include sea ice concentration, sea ice
Waliser, Duane E.
JBluIce-EPICS control system for macromolecular crystallography.
The trio of macromolecular crystallography beamlines constructed by the General Medicine and Cancer Institutes Collaborative Access Team (GM/CA-CAT) in Sector 23 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) have been in growing demand owing to their outstanding beam quality and capacity to measure data from crystals of only a few micrometres in size. To take full advantage of the state-of-the-art mechanical and optical design of these beamlines, a significant effort has been devoted to designing fast, convenient, intuitive and robust beamline controls that could easily accommodate new beamline developments. The GM/CA-CAT beamline controls are based on the power of EPICS for distributed hardware control, the rich Java graphical user interface of Eclipse RCP and the task-oriented philosophy as well as the look and feel of the successful SSRL BluIce graphical user interface for crystallography. These beamline controls feature a minimum number of software layers, the wide use of plug-ins that can be written in any language and unified motion controls that allow on-the-fly scanning and optimization of any beamline component. This paper describes the ways in which BluIce was combined with EPICS and converted into the Java-based JBluIce, discusses the solutions aimed at streamlining and speeding up operations and gives an overview of the tools that are provided by this new open-source control system for facilitating crystallographic experiments, especially in the field of microcrystallography.
Stepanov, S.; Makarov, O.; Hilgart, M.; Pothineni, S.; Urakhchin, A.; Devarapalli, S.; Yoder, D.; Becker, M.; Ogata, C.; Sanishvili, R.; Nagarajan, V.; Smith, J. L.; Fischetti, R. F. (Biosciences Division); (Univ. of Michigan)
Homogeneous ice nucleation evaluated for several water models
In this work, we evaluate by means of computer simulations the rate for ice homogeneous nucleation for several water models such as TIP4P, TIP4P/2005,TIP4P/ICE, and mW (following the same procedure as in Sanz et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc.135, 15008 (2013)]) in a broad temperature range. We estimate the ice-liquid interfacial free-energy, and conclude that for all water models {\\gamma} decreases as the temperature decreases. Extrapolating our results to the melting temperature, we obtain a value of the interfacial free-energy between 25 and 32 mN/m in reasonable agreement with the reported experimental values. Moreover, we observe that the values of {\\gamma} depend on the chosen water model and this is a key factor when numerically evaluating nucleation rates, given that the kinetic prefactor is quite similar for all water models with the exception of the mW (due to the absence of hydrogens). Somewhat surprisingly the estimates of the nucleation rates found in this work for TIP4P/2005 are slightly higher than those of the mW model, even though the former has explicit hydrogens. Our results suggest that it may be possible to observe in computer simulations spontaneous crystallization of TIP4P/2005 at about 60 K below the melting point.
J. R. Espinosa; E. Sanz; C. Valeriani; C. Vega
IceCube Project Monthly Report Accomplishments
staff from UW, IceCube collaborators, and Raytheon. · Conducted a Quarterly Status Meeting at UW-loaded schedule for on-ice activities that is coordinated with the Raytheon on-ice schedules. Construction Cost accurate application of escalation rates and revisions to actual cost data. Raytheon earned value data
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice
Surface Impedance Tomography for Antarctic Sea Ice C. Sampsona , K. M. Goldena , A. Gullya , A. P, Australia Abstract During the 2007 SIPEX expedition in pack ice off the coast of East Antarctica, we measured the electrical conductivity of sea ice via surface impedance tomography. Resistance data from
Golden, Kenneth M.
8, 87438771, 2008 Inhibition of ice
ACPD 8, 8743�8771, 2008 Inhibition of ice crystallisation B. J. Murray Title Page Abstract Chemistry and Physics Discussions Inhibition of ice crystallisation in highly viscous aqueous organic acid�8771, 2008 Inhibition of ice crystallisation B. J. Murray Title Page Abstract Introduction Conclusions
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
5, 37233745, 2005 characteristics of ice
ACPD 5, 3723�3745, 2005 Chemical characteristics of ice nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds C. H. Twohy and Physics Discussions Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation C. H. Twohy 1 and M. R. Poellot 2 1 College of Oceanic
The convective desalination of sea ice
containing both liquid brine and solid (pure water) ice. Frad is the flux of penetrating solar radiation. Thus the thermal properties of sea ice are composed of those of the solid and liquid phases that make up sea ice. Fixed-salinity models used in older...
Rees Jones, David
Ice Cream in a Bag Ingredients
Ice Cream in a Bag Ingredients: 1 tablespoon sugar 1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 tablespoons soft fruit 1/2 cup skim milk For the freezer bag; not to be eaten: 1/3 cup rock salt Ice cubes Directions 1. Open a gallon size plastic bag. Add rock salt and fill half way up with ice. Shake to mix the salt
3, 9991020, 2007 Summer sea ice
CPD 3, 999�1020, 2007 Summer sea ice during the early Holocene H. Goosse et al. Title Page Abstract on the early Holocene climate constrains the summer sea ice projections for the 21st century H. Goosse, E #12;CPD 3, 999�1020, 2007 Summer sea ice during the early Holocene H. Goosse et al. Title Page
2, 879921, 2006 Ice-sheet evolution
CPD 2, 879�921, 2006 Ice-sheet evolution during the last climatic cycle S. Charbit et al. Title reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the last glacial-interglacial cycle S. Charbit1 , C�921, 2006 Ice-sheet evolution during the last climatic cycle S. Charbit et al. Title Page Abstract
Hydrodynamical simulations of the decay of high-speed molecular turbulence. II. Divergence from isothermality
A roughly constant temperature over a wide range of densities is maintained in molecular clouds through radiative heating and cooling. An isothermal equation of state is therefore frequently employed in molecular cloud simulations. However, the dynamical processes in molecular clouds include shock waves, expansion waves, cooling induced collapse and baroclinic vorticity, all incompatible with the assumption of a purely isothermal flow. Here, we incorporate an energy equation including all the important heating and cooling rates and a simple chemical network into simulations of three-dimensional, hydrodynamic, decaying turbulence. This allows us to test the accuracy of the isothermal assumption by directly comparing a model run with the modified energy equation to an isothermal model. We compute an extreme case in which the initial turbulence is sufficiently strong to dissociate much of the gas and alter the specific heat ratio. The molecules then reform as the turbulence weakens. We track the true specific heat ratio as well as its effective value. We analyse power spectra, vorticity and shock structures, and discuss scaling laws for decaying turbulence. We derive some limitations to the isothermal approximation for simulations of the interstellar medium using simple projection techniques. Overall, even given the extreme conditions, we find that an isothermal flow provides an adequate physical and observational description of many properties. The main exceptions revealed here concern behaviour directly related to the high temperature zones behind the shock waves.
G. Pavlovski; M. D. Smith; M. -M. Mac Low
Net heats of reaction were measured in an isothermal calorimeter for both single phase (organic) and two phase (organic and aqueous) TBP/HNO{sub 3} reacting solutions at temperatures above 100 C. The oxidation rate constant was determined to be 5.4E-4 min{sup {minus}1} at 110 C for an open ``vented`` system as compared to 1.33 E-3 min{sup {minus}1} in the closed system. The heat released per unit material oxidized was also reduced. The oxidation in both phases was found to be first order in nitric acid and pseudo-zero order in butylnitrate and water. The hydrolysis (esterification) rate constant determined by Nichols` (1.33E-3 min{sup {minus}1}) fit the experimental data from this work well. Forced evaporation of the volatile components by the product gases from oxidation resulted in a cooling mechanism which more than balanced the heat from the oxidation reaction in the two-phased systems. Rate expressions were derived and rate constants determined for both the single and two phase systems. An approximating mathematical model was developed to fit the experimental data and to extrapolate beyond the experimental conditions. This model shows that one foot of ``reacting`` 14.3M HNO{sub 3} aqueous phase solution at 121 C will transport sufficient water to the organic phase to replace evaporative losses, maintaining endothermicity, for organic layers up to 12.2 + 6.0 feet deep. If the pressure in a reacting system is allowed to increase due to insufficient venting the temperature of the organic phase would increase in temperature to reach a new equilibrium. The rate of oxidation would increase not only due to the increase in temperature but also from the increased concentration of dissolved HNO{sub 3} reduction products. Another important factor is that the cooling system described in this work becomes less effective as the total pressure increases. These factors probably contributed to the explosion at Tomsk.
Smith, J.R.; Cavin, W.S.
Formation and character of an ancient 19-m ice cover and underlying trapped brine in an ``ice-sealed'' east
Formation and character of an ancient 19-m ice cover and underlying trapped brine in an ``ice bed year-round. New ice-core analysis and tempera- ture data show that beneath 19 m of ice is a water�C. The ice cover thickens at both its base and surface, sealing concentrated brine beneath. The ice
Priscu, John C.
Modeling the Jovian subnebula: II - Composition of regular satellites ices
We use the evolutionary turbulent model of Jupiter's subnebula described by Alibert et al. (2005a) to constrain the composition of ices incorporated in its regular icy satellites. We consider CO2, CO, CH4, N2, NH3, H2S, Ar, Kr, and Xe as the major volatile species existing in the gas-phase of the solar nebula. All these volatile species, except CO2 which crystallized as a pure condensate, are assumed to be trapped by H2O to form hydrates or clathrate hydrates in the solar nebula. Once condensed, these ices were incorporated into the growing planetesimals produced in the feeding zone of proto-Jupiter. Some of these solids then flowed from the solar nebula to the subnebula, and may have been accreted by the forming Jovian regular satellites. We show that ices embedded in solids entering at early epochs into the Jovian subdisk were all vaporized. This leads us to consider two different scenarios of regular icy satellites formation in order to estimate the composition of the ices they contain. In the first scenario, icy satellites were accreted from planetesimals that have been produced in Jupiter's feeding zone without further vaporization, whereas, in the second scenario, icy satellites were accreted from planetesimals produced in the Jovian subnebula. In this latter case, we study the evolution of carbon and nitrogen gas-phase chemistries in the Jovian subnebula and we show that the conversions of N2 to NH3, of CO to CO2, and of CO to CH4 were all inhibited in the major part of the subdisk. Finally, we assess the mass abundances of the major volatile species with respect to H2O in the interiors of the Jovian regular icy satellites. Our results are then compatible with the detection of CO2 on the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede and with the presence of NH3 envisaged in subsurface oceans within Ganymede and Callisto.
Olivier Mousis; Yann Alibert
New ice rules for nanoconfined monolayer ice from first principles
Understanding the structural tendencies of nanoconfined water is of great interest for nanoscience and biology, where nano/micro-sized objects may be separated by very few layers of water. Here we investigate the properties of ice confined to a quasi-2D monolayer by a featureless, chemically neutral potential, using density-functional theory simulations with a non-local van der Waals density functional. An ab initio random structure search reveals all the energetically competitive monolayer configurations to belong to only two of the previously-identified families, characterized by a square or honeycomb hydrogen-bonding network, respectively. From an in-depth analysis we show that the well-known ice rules for bulk ice need to be revised for the monolayer, with distinct new rules appearing for the two networks. All identified stable phases for both are found to be non-polar (but with a topologically non-trivial texture for the square) and, hence, non-ferroelectric, in contrast to the predictions of empirical f...
Corsetti, Fabiano; Artacho, Emilio
Evolution of the Cerro Prieto geothermal system as interpreted from vitrinite reflectance under isothermal conditions
Temperature estimates from reflectance data in the Cerro Prieto system correlate with modern temperature logs and temperature estimates from fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope geothermometry indicating that the temperature in the central portion of the Cerro Prieto System is now at its historical maximum. Isoreflectance lines formed by contouring vitrinite reflectance data for a given isothermal surface define an imaginary surface that indicates an apparent duration of heating in the system. The 250/sup 0/C isothermal surface has a complex dome-like form suggesting a localized heat source that has caused shallow heating in the central portion of this system. Isoreflectance lines relative to this 250/sup 0/C isothermal surface define a zone of low reflectance roughly corresponding to the crest of the isothermal surface. Comparison of these two surfaces suggest that the shallow heating in the central portion of Cerro Prieto is young relative to the heating (to 250/sup 0/C) on the system margins. Laboratory and theoretical models of hydrothermal convection cells suggest that the form of the observed 250/sup 0/C isothermal surface and the reflectance surface derived relative to it results from the convective rise of thermal fluids under the influence of a regional hydrodynamic gradient that induces a shift of the hydrothermal heating effects to the southwest.
Barker, C.E. (US Geological Survey, Denver, CO); Pawlewicz, M.J.; Bostick, N.H.; Elders, W.A.
Hydrogen ICE Vehicle Testing Activities
The Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity teamed with Electric Transportation Applications and Arizona Public Service to develop and monitor the operations of the APS Alternative Fuel (Hydrogen) Pilot Plant. The Pilot Plant provides 100% hydrogen, and hydrogen and compressed natural gas (H/CNG)-blended fuels for the evaluation of hydrogen and H/CNG internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in controlled and fleet testing environments. Since June 2002, twenty hydrogen and H/CNG vehicles have accumulated 300,000 test miles and 5,700 fueling events. The AVTA is part of the Department of Energy�s FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program. These testing activities are managed by the Idaho National Laboratory. This paper discusses the Pilot Plant design and monitoring, and hydrogen ICE vehicle testing methods and results.
J. Francfort; D. Karner
ICE Solar | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation,Ohio:GreerHiCalifornia: Energythe SecondInformation 3 -2ICE Solar Jump
Ice Energy | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data CenterFranconia, Virginia: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation,Ohio:GreerHiCalifornia:ISI Solar Jump to: navigation, searchIbervilleIce
FAFCO Ice Storage test report
The Ice Storage Test Facility (ISTF) is designed to test commercial ice storage systems. FAFCO provided a storage tank equipped with coils designed for use with a secondary fluid system. The FAFCO ice storage system was tested over a wide range of operating conditions. Measured system performance during charging showed the ability to freeze the tank fully, storing from 150 to 200 ton-h. However, the charging rate showed significant variations during the latter portion of the charge cycle. During discharge cycles, the storage tank outlet temperature was strongly affected by the discharge rate and tank state of charge. The discharge capacity was dependent upon both the selected discharge rate and maximum allowable tank outlet temperature. Based on these tests, storage tank selection must depend on both charge and discharge conditions. This report describes FAFCO system performance fully under both charging and discharging conditions. While the test results reported here are accurate for the prototype 1990 FAFCO Model 200, currently available FAFCO models incorporate significant design enhancements beyond the Model 200. At least one major modification was instituted as a direct result of the ISTF tests. Such design improvements were one of EPRI`s primary goals in founding the ISTF.
Stovall, T.K.
Monochromator Crystal Glitch Library
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
SSRL's Monochromator Crystal Glitch Library allows users to view glitch spectra online, list specific crystal orientations, and download PDF files of the glitch spectra. (Specialized Interface)
An Ice Lithography Instrument Anpan Han 1, John Chervinsky2
Page 1 An Ice Lithography Instrument Anpan Han 1, John Chervinsky2 , Daniel Branton3 , and J. A a new nano-patterning method called ice lithography, where ice is used as the resist. Water vapor. The vapor condenses, covering the sample with an amorphous layer of ice. To form a lift-off mask, ice
Proton Ordering of Cubic Ice Ic: Spectroscopy and Computer Simulations
by producing rotational Bjerrum L-defects.1 Ambient-pressure hexagonal ice, ice Ih, shows the lowest produced from ice Ih using hydroxide doping, for example, by freezing a 0.1 M KOH solution. Because ice IhProton Ordering of Cubic Ice Ic: Spectroscopy and Computer Simulations Philipp Geiger, Christoph
Dellago, Christoph
Controlling ice nucleation through surface hydrophilicity
Ice formation is one of the most common and important processes on Earth and almost always occurs at the surface of a material. A basic understanding of how the physiochemical properties of a material's surface affects its ability to form ice has remained elusive. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to directly probe heterogeneous ice nucleation at an hexagonal surface of a nanoparticle of varying hydrophilicity. Surprisingly, we find that structurally identical surfaces can both inhibit and promote ice formation and analogous to a chemical catalyst, it is found that an optimal interaction between the surface and the water exists for promoting ice nucleation. We use our microscopic understanding of the mechanism to design a modified surface in silico with enhanced ice nucleating ability.
Stephen J. Cox; Shawn M. Kathmann; Ben Slater; Angelos Michaelides
produce an interactive coupled integration: Atmospheric dynamics were equilibrated to an initial iceconstant ice albedos. None of these cases is able to produceproduce substantial deglaciation on a realistic timescale is attributed to the use of temporally invariant ice
Carbon Dioxide Sorption Isotherms and Matrix Transport Rates for Non-Powdered Coal
For enhanced coalbed methane/carbon dioxide sequestration field projects, carbon dioxide isotherms and the rate of diffusion of the carbon dioxide from the cleats into the matrix are important parameters for predicting how much carbon dioxide actually will be sequestered under various operating conditions. Manometric (or pressure swing) experiments on powdered coal provide a quick, simple, and relatively inexpensive method for measuring sorption isotherms. However, determination of the rate of transport from cleat into matrix from the rate of gas pressure drop is difficult, if not impossible. (The characteristic time constant for the transport depends on the cleat spacing as well as the rate of diffusion.) Manometric measurements often yield isotherms that are extremely problematic in the region of the carbon dioxide critical point; perhaps even worse, available data seem to indicate that the sorption isotherms measured for powders are much larger than the isotherms of coal cores. Measurements on centimeter-sized samples can take weeks or months to reach equilibrium; for such equilibration times gas leakage rates that would be of no significance in powdered-coal measurements can completely invalidate manometric measurements on coal cores. We have tested and used a simple, inexpensive method for measuring isotherms and carbon dioxide transport rates in coal cores. One or more cores are placed in a simple pressure vessel, and a constant pressure is maintained in the vessel by connecting it to a gas supply (which contains a very large amount of gas compared to amount that could leak over the course of the experiment). From time to time the gas supply is shut off, the sample is removed, and its weight is recorded at ambient pressure at frequent time intervals for a period of about one hour. The sample is then returned to the pressure vessel, the carbon dioxide pressure restored to its previous value, and the equilibration resumed until the next sample weighing. For a point on the isotherm, the process is repeated until the sample weight reaches a constant value (i.e., typically equilibration times of several weeks). The slope of a plot of sample weight vs. square root of elapsed desorption time gives a measurement for the rate of diffusion. In order to advance all three experimental methods, results from this �ambient-pressure gravimetry� method were compared with data obtained by conventional manometry and by computer tomography. The isotherm and �diffusion� rate measured for the core can be directly used in simulators for reservoir engineering studies of coalseam sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane production.
Smith, D.H.; Jikich, S.; Seshadri, K.
Dispersed Phase of Non-Isothermal Particles in Rotating Turbulent Flows
We suggest certain effects, caused by interaction between rotation and gravitation with turbulence structure, for the cooling/heating of dispersed phase of non-isothermal particles in rotating turbulent fluid flows. These effects are obtained through the derivation of kinetic or probability density function based macroscopic equations for the particles. In doing so, for one-way temperature coupling, we also show that homogeneous, isotropic non-isothermal fluid turbulence does not influence the mean temperature (though it influences mean velocity) of the dispersed phase of particles settling due to gravitational force in the isotropic turbulence.
Pandya, R V R
Summer ICE@Tech Computing Camps
Summer ICE@Tech Computing Camps Session I: June 5th - June 9th Session II: July 10th � July 14th (404) 385-2273 Fax (404) 385-0965 http://www.cc.gatech.edu/campice 1 #12;2 Summer ICE@Tech Program Handbook #12;3 Summer ICE@Tech is a computing and technology program for students entering 10th , 11th
Guzdial, Mark
INDICATOR: LAKE ERIE ICE COVER Winter ice cover on Lake Erie affects the amount of heat and moisture transferred
102 INDICATOR: LAKE ERIE ICE COVER Background Winter ice cover on Lake Erie affects the amount of heat and moisture transferred between the lake and the atmosphere. During winter, ice and snow can decrease the amount of light available below the ice surface for photosynthesis. In the absence of an ice
Sum-frequency spectroscopic studies: I. Surface melting of ice, II. Surface alignment of polymers
Surface vibrational spectroscopy via infrared-visible sum-frequency generation (SFG) has been established as a useful tool to study the structures of different kinds of surfaces and interfaces. This technique was used to study the (0001) face of hexagonal ice (Ih). SFG spectra in the O-H stretch frequency range were obtained at various sample temperatures. For the vapor(air)/ice interface, the degree of orientational order of the dangling OH bonds at the surface was measured as a function of temperature. Disordering sets in around 200 K and increases dramatically with temperature, which is strong evidence of surface melting of ice. For the other ice interfaces (silica/OTS/ice and silica/ice), a similar temperature dependence of the hydrogen bonded OH stretch peak was observed; the free OH stretch mode, however, appears to be different from that of the vapor (air)/ice interface due to interactions at the interfaces. The technique was also used to measure the orientational distributions of the polymer chains on a rubbed polyvinyl alcohol surface. Results show that the polymer chains at the surface appear to be well aligned by rubbing, and the adsorbed liquid crystal molecules are aligned, in turn, by the surface polymer chains. A strong correlation exists between the orientational distributions of the polymer chains and the liquid crystal molecules, indicating that the surface-induced bulk alignment of a liquid crystal film by rubbed polymer surfaces is via an orientational epitaxy-like mechanism. This thesis also contains studies on some related issues that are crucial to the above applications. An experiment was designed to measure SFG spectra in both reflection and transmission. The result confirms that SFG in reflection is generally dominated by the surface contribution. Another issue is the motional effect due to fast orientational motion of molecules at a surface or interface. Calculations show that the effect is significant if the molecular orientation varies over a broad range within the vibrational relaxation time. The stretch vibration of the free OH bonds at the vapor/water interface is used to illustrate the importance of the effect.
Wei, Xing
Relationships between Water Wettability and Ice Adhesion
Ice formation and accretion may hinder the operation of many systems critical to national infrastructure, including airplanes, power lines, windmills, ships, and telecommunications equipment. Yet despite the pervasiveness ...
Meuler, Adam J.
Dynamics of colloidal particles in ice
We use X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) to probe the dynamics of colloidal particles in polycrystalline ice. During freezing, the dendritic ice morphology and rejection of particles from the ice created regions of high-particle-density, where some of the colloids were forced into contact and formed disordered aggregates. We find that the particles in these high density regions underwent ballistic motion coupled with both stretched and compressed exponential decays of the intensity autocorrelation function, and that the particles' characteristic velocity increased with temperature. We explain this behavior in terms of ice grain boundary migration.
Melissa Spannuth; S. G. J. Mochrie; S. S. L. Peppin; J. S. Wettlaufer
BISICLES Captures Details of Retreating Antarctic Ice
suggest that the shrinking West Antarctic ice sheet is contributing to global sea level rise. But until recently, scientists could not accurately model the physical...
Viscosity of interfacial water regulates ice nucleation
Ice formation on solid surfaces is an important phenomenon in many fields, such as cloud formation and atmospheric icing, and a key factor for applications in preventing freezing. Here, we report temperature-dependent nucleation rates of ice for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The results show that hydrophilic surface presents a lower ice nucleation rate. We develop a strategy to extract the thermodynamic parameters, J{sub 0} and ?, in the context of classical nucleation theory. From the extracted J{sub 0} and ?, we reveal the dominant role played by interfacial water. The results provide an insight into freezing mechanism on solid surfaces.
Li, Kaiyong; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Qiaolan; Zhang, Yifan [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China) [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Xu, Shun; Zhou, Xin [School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)] [School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Cui, Dapeng; Wang, Jianjun, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Song, Yanlin [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)] [Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Aerosol Effects on Cirrus through Ice Nucleation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 with a Statistical Cirrus Scheme
A statistical cirrus cloud scheme that tracks ice saturation ratio in the clear-sky and cloudy portion of a grid box separately has been implemented into NCAR CAM5 to provide a consistent treatment of ice nucleation and cloud formation. Simulated ice supersaturation and ice crystal number concentrations strongly depend on the number concentrations of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN), subgrid temperature formulas and the number concentration of sulfate particles participating in homogeneous freezing, while simulated ice water content is insensitive to these perturbations. 1% to 10% dust particles serving as heterogeneous IN is 20 found to produce ice supersaturaiton in better agreement with observations. Introducing a subgrid temperature perturbation based on long-term aircraft observations of meso-scale motion produces a better hemispheric contrast in ice supersaturation compared to observations. Heterogeneous IN from dust particles significantly alter the net radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere (TOA) (-0.24 to -1.59 W m-2) with a significant clear-sky longwave component (0.01 to -0.55 W m-2). Different cirrus treatments significantly perturb the net TOA anthropogenic aerosol forcing from -1.21 W m-2 to -1.54 W m-2, with a standard deviation of 0.10 W m-2. Aerosol effects on cirrus clouds exert an even larger impact on the atmospheric component of the radiative fluxes (two or three times the changes in the TOA radiative fluxes) and therefore on the hydrology cycle through the fast atmosphere response. This points to the urgent need to quantify aerosol effects on cirrus clouds through ice nucleation and how these further affect the hydrological cycle.
Wang, Minghuai; Liu, Xiaohong; Zhang, Kai; Comstock, Jennifer M.
white paper, 9 March 2009 An ice core to reconstruct Greenland ice sheet mass balance
white paper, 9 March 2009 1 An ice core to reconstruct Greenland a handful of years suggest a profound Greenland ice sheet mass balance sensitivity (2000) found that the Greenland ice sheet lost as much as 2/3 its current
Past Accumulation Rates of the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet Near an Ice Divide�
The study of accumulation rates of ice is a direct link to the evolution of ice sheet. It is believed by scientists that ice sheet evolution will aid in the mystery of climate change and may lead to predictions about climates in the future...
Child, Sarah
The last Scandinavian Ice Sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow patterns and decay dynamics
U N C O R R EC TED PR O O F The last Scandinavian Ice Sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow Sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow patterns and decay dynamics. Boreas, Vol. 35, pp. xxxÁxxx. Oslo) in northwestern Russia took place after a period of periglacial conditions. Till of the last SIS, Bobrovo till
Ingólfsson, �?lafur
Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions of AMG 517 in HPMC-AS and Crystallization using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
amorphous dispersion in microparticles of an ammonio methacrylate copolymer and ethylcellulose binary blend. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2008;97(1):251-62. 23. Janssens S, De Zeure A, Paudel A, Van Humbeeck J, Rombaut P, Van den Mooter G. Influence...;384(1-2):93-9. 57. Sichina WJ. Measurement of Tg by DSC. Thermal Analysis, Perkin Elmer Instruments. [Application Note]. 2000;Application Note:1-5. 35 58. Rumondor ACF, Ivanisevic I, Bates S, Alonzo DE, Taylor LS. Evaluation of Drug- Polymer Miscibility...
Calahan, Julie L.
Simulating mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds: sensitivity to ice initiation mechanisms
The importance of Arctic mixed-phase clouds on radiation and the Arctic climate is well known. However, the development of mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in large scale models is limited by lack of both related observations and numerical studies using multidimensional models with advanced microphysics that provide the basis for understanding the relative importance of different microphysical processes that take place in mixed-phase clouds. To improve the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in the GISS GCM we use the GISS single-column model coupled to a bin resolved microphysics (BRM) scheme that was specially designed to simulate mixed-phase clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions. Using this model with the microphysical measurements obtained from the DOE ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) campaign in October 2004 at the North Slope of Alaska, we investigate the effect of ice initiation processes and Bergeron-Findeisen process (BFP) on glaciation time and longevity of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds. We focus on observations taken during 9th-10th October, which indicated the presence of a single-layer mixed-phase clouds. We performed several sets of 12-h simulations to examine model sensitivity to different ice initiation mechanisms and evaluate model output (hydrometeors concentrations, contents, effective radii, precipitation fluxes, and radar reflectivity) against measurements from the MPACE Intensive Observing Period. Overall, the model qualitatively simulates ice crystal concentration and hydrometeors content, but it fails to predict quantitatively the effective radii of ice particles and their vertical profiles. In particular, the ice effective radii are overestimated by at least 50%. However, using the same definition as used for observations, the effective radii simulated and that observed were more comparable. We find that for the single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds simulated, process of ice phase initiation due to freezing of supercooled water in both saturated and undersaturated (w.r.t. water) environments is as important as primary ice crystal origination from water vapor. We also find that the BFP is a process mainly responsible for the rates of glaciation of simulated clouds. These glaciation rates cannot be adequately represented by a water-ice saturation adjustment scheme that only depends on temperature and liquid and solid hydrometeors contents as is widely used in bulk microphysics schemes and are better represented by processes that also account for supersaturation changes as the hydrometeors grow.
Sednev, Igor; Sednev, I.; Menon, S.; McFarquhar, G.
Simulating mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds: Sensitivity to ice initiationmechanisms
The importance of Arctic mixed-phase clouds on radiation and the Arctic climate is well known. However, the development of mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in large scale models is limited by lack of both related observations and numerical studies using multidimensional models with advanced microphysics that provide the basis for understanding the relative importance of different microphysical processes that take place in mixed-phase clouds. To improve the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in the GISS GCM we use the GISS single-column model coupled to a bin resolved microphysics (BRM) scheme that was specially designed to simulate mixed-phase clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions. Using this model with the microphysical measurements obtained from the DOE ARM Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) campaign in October 2004 at the North Slope of Alaska, we investigate the effect of ice initiation processes and Bergeron-Findeisen process (BFP) on glaciation time and longevity of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds. We focus on observations taken during October 9th-10th, which indicated the presence of a single-layer mixed-phase clouds. We performed several sets of 12-hour simulations to examine model sensitivity to different ice initiation mechanisms and evaluate model output (hydrometeors concentrations, contents, effective radii, precipitation fluxes, and radar reflectivity) against measurements from the MPACE Intensive Observing Period. Overall, the model qualitatively simulates ice crystal concentration and hydrometeors content, but it fails to predict quantitatively the effective radii of ice particles and their vertical profiles. In particular, the ice effective radii are overestimated by at least 50%. However, using the same definition as used for observations, the effective radii simulated and that observed were more comparable. We find that for the single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds simulated, process of ice phase initiation due to freezing of supercooled water in both saturated and subsaturated (w.r.t. water) environments is as important as primary ice crystal origination from water vapor. We also find that the BFP is a process mainly responsible for the rates of glaciation of simulated clouds. These glaciation rates cannot be adequately represented by a water-ice saturation adjustment scheme that only depends on temperature and liquid and solid hydrometeors contents as is widely used in bulk microphysics schemes and are better represented by processes that also account for supersaturation changes as the hydrometeors grow.
Sednev, I.; Menon, S.; McFarquhar, G.
Hail Ice Damage of Stringer-Stiffened Curved Composite Panels /
Damage. Composite Structures 2003;62:213�21. Ice Drop.How to make clear ice. 28 February 2011. Victoria, BC,2011/02/how-to- make-clear-ice-that-actually-works/ Graham,
Le, Jacqueline Linh
ARKTOS: An intelligent system for SAR sea ice image classification
We present an intelligent system for satellite sea ice image analysis named Advanced Reasoning using Knowledge for T ping Of Sea ice (ARKTOS). ARKTOS performs fully automated analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice images by mimicking...
Soh, L. K.; Tsatsoulis, Costas; Gineris, D.; Bertoia, C.
Mixed crystal organic scintillators
A mixed organic crystal according to one embodiment includes a single mixed crystal having two compounds with different bandgap energies, the organic crystal having a physical property of exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source, wherein the signal response signature does not include a significantly-delayed luminescence characteristic of neutrons interacting with the organic crystal relative to a luminescence characteristic of gamma rays interacting with the organic crystal. According to one embodiment, an organic crystal includes bibenzyl and stilbene or a stilbene derivative, the organic crystal having a physical property of exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source.
Zaitseva, Natalia P; Carman, M Leslie; Glenn, Andrew M; Hamel, Sebastien; Hatarik, Robert; Payne, Stephen A; Stoeffl, Wolfgang
Ice particle size matters | EMSL
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-SeriesFlickr FlickrGuidedCH2MLLCBasicsScience atIan Smith smit306 Primary tabsIce
Sandia National Laboratories: ice storms
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia,evaluatingfullhigher-performancestoragei-GATE ECIS and i-GATE:ice
The Patty Ice Arena User Responsibilities and Conduct is designed to create better communication between the patrons of the Patty Ice Arena and the Facilities Services' Patty Ice
PURPOSE: The Patty Ice Arena User Responsibilities and Conduct is designed to create better communication between the patrons of the Patty Ice Arena and the Facilities Services' Patty Ice Arena management or other misuse of any part of the Patty Ice Arena may result in an individual, team, or organization being
Wagner, Diane
A non-isothermal PEM fuel cell model including two water transport mechanisms in the
A non-isothermal PEM fuel cell model including two water transport mechanisms in the membrane K Freiburg Germany A dynamic two-phase flow model for proton exchange mem- brane (PEM) fuel cells and the species concentrations. In order to describe the charge transport in the fuel cell the Poisson equations
M�nster, Westf�lische Wilhelms-Universit�t
Lyapunov-based control of non isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors using
1 Lyapunov-based control of non isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors using irreversible availability function is used as a Lyapunov function for the practical derivation of non linear control laws of the outlet flow of the CSTR. Several control laws are then derived which insure global asymptotic stability
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Investigations of Isothermal Solidification during Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Nickel
Liquid Phase Bonding of Nickel Superalloys M. A. Arafin1, a , M. Medraj1, b , D. P. Turner2, c and P Liquid Phase Bonding, Nickel Superalloys. Abstract. Mathematical model, based on Fick's second law of diffusion, was used to predict the time required to complete isothermal solidification and to determine
Medraj, Mamoun
Modeling for non isothermal cavitation using four-equation Eric Goncalv`es
Modeling for non isothermal cavitation using four-equation models Eric Goncalv`es LEGI-fluid solver has been developed to investigate the behaviour of cavitation models including thermodynamic between phases are studied. Numerical simulations are firstly performed on rarefaction cavitating problems
Modeling for isothermal cavitation with a four-equation model Eric Goncalv`es
Modeling for isothermal cavitation with a four-equation model Eric Goncalv`es , Boris Charri-dimensional inviscid cavitating tube problems. This mass transfer term appears explicitly as a source term of a void realistic cavitating flows. Numerical results are given for various inviscid cases (underwater explosion
Near-wall modeling of an isothermal vertical wall using one-dimensional turbulence
[5]. The challenge in modeling this class of flows is the coupling between the heat transfer approaches are considered for describing the heat transfer from a vertical isothermal wall. In this approach at the wall surface and the generation of turbulence from buoyancy forces, which in turn, affect
DesJardin, Paul E.
A Comprehensive Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Dust Surrogate: Laboratory Study with Hematite Particles and Its Application to Atmospheric Models
A new heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization that covers a wide temperature range (-36 ?C to -78 ?C) is presented. Developing and testing such an ice nucleation parameterization, which is constrained through identical experimental conditions, is critical in order to accurately simulate the ice nucleation processes in cirrus clouds. The surface-scaled ice nucleation efficiencies of hematite particles, inferred by ns, were derived from AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber measurements under water subsaturated conditions that were realized by continuously changing temperature (T) and relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) in the chamber. Our measurements showed several different pathways to nucleate ice depending on T and RHice conditions. For instance, almost independent freezing was observed at -60 ?C < T < -50 ?C, where RHice explicitly controlled ice nucleation efficiency, while both T and RHice played roles in other two T regimes: -78 ?C < T < -60 ?C and -50 ?C < T < -36 ?C. More specifically, observations at T colder than -60 ?C revealed that higher RHice was necessary to maintain constant ns, whereas T may have played a significant role in ice nucleation at T warmer than -50 ?C. We implemented new ns parameterizations into two cloud models to investigate its sensitivity and compare with the existing ice nucleation schemes towards simulating cirrus cloud properties. Our results show that the new AIDA-based parameterizations lead to an order of magnitude higher ice crystal concentrations and inhibition of homogeneous nucleation in colder temperature regions. Our cloud simulation results suggest that atmospheric dust particles that form ice nuclei at lower temperatures, below -36 ?C, can potentially have stronger influence on cloud properties such as cloud longevity and initiation when compared to previous parameterizations.
Hiranuma, Naruki; Paukert, Marco; Steinke, Isabelle; Zhang, Kai; Kulkarni, Gourihar R.; Hoose, Corinna; Schnaiter, Martin; Saathoff, Harald; Mohler, Ottmar
Selection of coals of different maturities for CO2 Storage by modelling of CH4 and CO2 adsorption isotherms
of this study is to compare and model pure gas sorption isotherms (CO2 and CH4) for well-characterised coals of different maturities to determine the most suitable coal for CO2 storage. Carbon dioxide and methane; Coals; Methane and carbon dioxide adsorption; Modelling isotherms 1. Introduction CO2 is a greenhouse
of projectile SHI. Thus, the ice produces a more large-areaproduce uneven pressure/forces being applied onto the ice
Nanotextured Anti-Icing Surfaces | GE Global Research
Demonstrate Promising Anti-icing Nano Surfaces GE Scientists Demonstrate Promising Anti-icing Nano Surfaces GE Global Research today presented new research findings on its...
Sandia National Laboratories: NASA Award for Marginal Ice Zone...
ClimateECClimateAnalysisNASA Award for Marginal Ice Zone Observations and Process Experiment (MIZOPEX) NASA Award for Marginal Ice Zone Observations and Process Experiment...
Heterogeneous Nucleation of Ice on Anthropogenic Organic Particles...
Nucleation of Ice on Anthropogenic Organic Particles Collected in Mexico City. Heterogeneous Nucleation of Ice on Anthropogenic Organic Particles Collected in Mexico City....
Crystalline Ice Growth on Pt(111): Observation of a Hydrophobic...
Crystalline Ice Growth on Pt(111): Observation of a Hydrophobic Water Monolayer. Crystalline Ice Growth on Pt(111): Observation of a Hydrophobic Water Monolayer. Abstract: The...
The dependence of ice microphysics on aerosol concentration in...
The dependence of ice microphysics on aerosol concentration in arctic mixed-phase stratus clouds during ISDAC and M-PACE. The dependence of ice microphysics on aerosol...
Complex systems influence melting of Greenland ice sheet
Complex systems influence melting of Greenland ice sheet Complex systems influence melting of Greenland ice sheet International research team's field work shows that, well, things...
NASA's sea ice program: present and future
· New remote sensing applications Infer properties such as sea ice thickness from ICESat Research · WhatNASA's sea ice program: present and future Thomas Wagner, PhD Program Scientist, Cryosphere NASA for remote sensing · New algorithms to interpret satellite data Improvements to long term satellite record
Kuligowski, Bob
;3 The latest revised estimates were modified to reflect the anticipated changes resulting from the Raytheon in Raytheon Polar Services completing the IceCube Laboratory. $1 million is from the lagging receipts. The on-ice Integrated Master Schedule is underway and being worked on this week with Raytheon Polar
Ice Cover on the Great Lakes NATIONALOCEANIC
. At the base of the foodweb, algae support living organisms in the lakes, including valuable commercial by an incident that occurred in Lake Erie on a warm sunny day in February 2009 when a large ice flow broke awayIce Cover on the Great Lakes NATIONALOCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION U.S. D EPARTMENT
Passive ice freezing-releasing heat pipe
A heat pipe device has been developed which permits completely passive ice formation and periodic release of ice without requiring the ambient temperature to rise above the melting point of water. This passive design enables the maximum amount of cooling capacity to be stored in the tank.
Gorski, Anthony J. (Lemont, IL); Schertz, William W. (Batavia, IL)
6, 20592090, 2006 Ice nucleation in
intermediate solubility and melting temperatures) nucleated ice at the same temperature as aqueous sulfuric Discussions Ice nucleation in sulfuric acid/organic aerosols: implications for cirrus cloud formation M. R. Beaver1 , M. J. Elrod2 , R. M. Garland1 , and M. A. Tolbert1 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP/KNMI/TEC/RP/147 Validation of ASCAT 12.5-km winds The Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) delivers an operational level 2 wind product produces a level 1 product with 12.5-km WVC spacing that has a resolution of approximately 25 km. Since
Stoffelen, Ad
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP2/KNMI/TEC/RP/194 Quality Control of Ku. The OSCAT level 2a data are available in near-real time and OWDP is used at KNMI to produce the Ocean and Sea Ice (OSI) SAF wind product which is made available to users. A beta version of OWDP is also
Largest Ice-Bank Promotes Load Management
California's largest ice-bank storage system is an example of how thermal storage can be applied to both new and existing buildings. At the Union Oil Company in Brea, California, one massive ice-storage system satisfies the air conditioning needs...
Brarmann, G. L.
Isotherm parameters and intraparticle mass transfer kinetics on molecularly imprinted polymers in acetonitrile/buffer mobile phases
The equilibrium isotherm and the intraparticle mass transfer kinetics of the enantiomers of the template were investigated on an Fmoc-L-tryptophan (Fmoc-L-Trp) imprinted polymer at different pHs and water concentrations in acetonitrile/aqueous buffer mobile phases. The equilibrium isotherm data were measured using frontal analysis at 25 {+-} 2 C. The adsorption energy distribution was found to be trimodal, with narrow modes. Consistent with this distribution, the adsorption data were modeled using a tri-Langmuir isotherm equation and the best estimates of the isotherm parameters were determined. The intraparticle mass transfer parameters were derived by comparing the profiles of experimental overloaded bands and the profiles calculated using the isotherm model and the lumped pore diffusion (POR) model of chromatography. These results showed that different adsorption and mass transfer mechanisms exist in mobile phases made of acetonitrile/aqueous buffer and of acetonitrile/acetic acid solutions.
Kim, Hyunjung [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Kaczmarski, Krzysztof [University of Tennessee and Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland; Guiochon, Georges A [ORNL
E-Print Network 3.0 - anti-icing Sample Search Results
Used Unserviceable No de-ice, anti-ice or related 73 - - - Wing tail... De-icing boots - 10 3 0 Wing tail bleed-air anti-ice - 3 0 0 Wing tail electric anti-ice - 2 0...
Theory of ice-skating
Almost frictionless skating on ice relies on a thin layer of melted water insulating mechanically the blade of the skate from ice. Using the basic equations of fluid mechanics and Stefan law, we derive a set of two coupled equations for the thickness of the film and the length of contact, a length scale which cannot be taken as its value at rest. The analytical study of these equations allows to define a small a-dimensional parameter depending on the longitudinal coordinate which can be neglected everywhere except close to the contact points at the front and the end of the blade, where a boundary layer solution is given. This solution provides without any calculation the order of magnitude of the film thickness, and its dependence with respect to external parameters like the velocity and mass of the skater and the radius of profile and bite angle of the blade, in good agreement with the numerical study. Moreover this solution also shows that a lubricating water layer of macroscopic thickness always exists for...
Berre, Martine Le
Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
Electrically charged particles, such as the electron, are ubiquitous. By contrast, no elementary particles with a net magnetic charge have ever been observed, despite intensive and prolonged searches. We pursue an alternative strategy, namely that of realising them not as elementary but rather as emergent particles, i.e., as manifestations of the correlations present in a strongly interacting many-body system. The most prominent examples of emergent quasiparticles are the ones with fractional electric charge e/3 in quantum Hall physics. Here we show that magnetic monopoles do emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles. This enables us to account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field, which is a liquid-gas transition of the magnetic monopoles. These monopoles can also be detected by other means, e.g., in an experiment modelled after the celebrated Stanford magnetic monopole search.
Claudio Castelnovo; Roderich Moessner; Shivaji L. Sondhi
In glass processing situations involving glass crystallization, various crystalline forms nucleate, grow, and dissolve, typically in a nonuniform temperature field of molten glass subjected to convection. Nuclear waste glasses are remarkable examples of multicomponent vitrified mixtures involving partial crystallization. In the glass melter, crystals form and dissolve during batch-to-glass conversion, melter processing, and product cooling. Crystals often agglomerate and sink, and they may settle at the melter bottom. Within the body of cooling glass, multiple phases crystallize in a non-uniform time-dependent temperature field. Self-organizing periodic distribution (the Liesegnang effect) is common. Various crystallization phenomena that occur in glass making are reviewed.
Testing the physics of heat conduction in glasses and crystals using high pressure
Chen California Institute of Technology Jackie Li University of Michigan supported by CDAC and AFOSR, Wen-Pin Hsieh, Mark Losego, Paul Braun, Dallas Trinkle University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Bin for disordered materials � Leibfried-Schl�mann equation for perfect crystals PMMA polymer water ice VII #12;Time
Braun, Paul
Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: Combined stability in isothermal ageing and thermal cycling with YSZ coated ferritic stainless steels
An alkali-containing silicate glass (SCN-1) is currently being evaluated as a candidate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The glass contains about 17 mole% alkalis (K+Na) and has low glass transition and softening temperatures. It remains vitreous and compliant around 750-800oC after sealing without substantial crystallization, as contrary to conventional glass-ceramic sealants, which experience rapid crystallization after the sealing process. The glassy nature and low characteristic temperatures can reduce residual stresses and result in the potential for crack healing. In a previous study, the glass was found to have good thermal cycle stability and was chemically compatible with YSZ coating during short term testing. In the current study, the compliant glass was further evaluated in a more realistic way in that the sealed glass couples were first isothermally aged for 1000h followed by thermal cycling. High temperature leakage was measured. The chemical compatibility was also investigated with powder mixtures at 700 and 800oC to enhance potential interfacial reaction. In addition, interfacial microstructure was examined with scanning electron microscopy and evaluated with regard to the leakage and chemical compatibility results.
Chou, Y. S.; Thomsen, Edwin C.; Choi, Jung-Pyung; Stevenson, Jeffry W.
First data from DM-Ice17
We report the first analysis of background data from DM-Ice17, a direct-detection dark matter experiment consisting of 17 kg of NaI(Tl) target material. It was codeployed with IceCube 2457 m deep in the South Pole glacial ice in December 2010 and is the first such detector operating in the Southern Hemisphere. The background rate in the 6.5 - 8.0 keVee region is measured to be 7.9 +/- 0.4 counts/day/keV/kg. This is consistent with the expected background from the detector assemblies with negligible contributions from the surrounding ice. The successful deployment and operation of DM-Ice17 establishes the South Pole ice as a viable location for future underground, low-background experiments in the Southern Hemisphere. The detector assembly and deployment are described here, as well as the analysis of the DM-Ice17 backgrounds based on data from the first two years of operation after commissioning, July 2011 - June 2013.
DM-Ice Collaboration; :; J. Cherwinka; D. Grant; F. Halzen; K. M. Heeger; L. Hsu; A. J. F. Hubbard; A. Karle; M. Kauer; V. A. Kudryavtsev; C. Macdonald; R. H. Maruyama; S. Paling; W. Pettus; Z. P. Pierpoint; B. N. Reilly; M. Robinson; P. Sandstrom; N. J. C. Spooner; S. Telfer; L. Yang
CO2 Isotherms Measured on Moisture-Equilbrated Argonne Premium Coals at 550C and 15 Mpa
Sorption isotherms, which describe the coal�s gas storage capacity, are important for estimating the carbon sequestration potential of coal seams. The DOE-NETL initiated a second inter-laboratory isotherm comparison of coals where CO2 sorption isotherms were collected on moisture-equilibrated coals at temperatures and pressures relevant to CO2 sequestration. Each laboratory used the same coal samples and followed the same general procedure; however, each laboratory used their own apparatus and isotherm measurement technique. This study investigated the inter-laboratory reproducibility of carbon dioxide isotherm measurements on moisture-equilibrated Argonne premium coal samples (Pocahontas #3, Illinois #6, and Beulah Zap). Six independent laboratories provided isotherm data on the three moisture-equilibrated coal samples at 55oC and pressures up to 15 MPa. Agreement among the laboratories was good up to 8 MPa. At the higher pressures, the data among the laboratories diverged significantly for two of the laboratories and coincided reasonably well for four of the laboratories. This work provides guidance for estimating the reproducibility that might be expected when comparing published sorption isotherms on moisture-equilibrated coals from different laboratories.
Goodman, A.L.
Age characteristics in a multidecadal Arctic sea ice simulation
Results from adding a tracer for age of sea ice to a sophisticated sea ice model that is widely used for climate studies are presented. The consistent simulation of ice age, dynamics, and thermodynamics in the model shows explicitly that the loss of Arctic perennial ice has accelerated in the past three decades, as has been seen in satellite-derived observations. Our model shows that the September ice age average across the Northern Hemisphere varies from about 5 to 8 years, and the ice is much younger (about 2--3 years) in late winter because of the expansion of first-year ice. We find seasonal ice on average comprises about 5% of the total ice area in September, but as much as 1.34 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2} survives in some years. Our simulated ice age in the late 1980s and early 1990s declined markedly in agreement with other studies. After this period of decline, the ice age began to recover, but in the final years of the simulation very little young ice remains after the melt season, a strong indication that the age of the pack will again decline in the future as older ice classes fail to be replenished. The Arctic ice pack has fluctuated between older and younger ice types over the past 30 years, while ice area, thickness, and volume all declined over the same period, with an apparent acceleration in the last decade.
Hunke, Elizabeth C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bitz, Cecllia M [UNIV. OF WASHINGTON
SNOW ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE Robert A. Massom,1
SNOW ON ANTARCTIC SEA ICE Robert A. Massom,1 Hajo Eicken,2 Christian Haas,3 Martin O. Jeffries,2 on Antarctic sea ice plays a complex and highly variable role in air-sea-ice interaction pro- cesses of thicker snow and thin- ner ice in the Antarctic relative to the Arctic (e.g., the importance of flooding
Warren, Stephen
Dynamics of Ice Nucleation on Water Repellent Surfaces Azar Alizadeh,*,
for nonicing applications. 1. INTRODUCTION Ice accretion on surfaces of aircraft, wind turbine blades, oil
Dhinojwala, Ali
GREAT LAKES ICE COVER RaymondA. Asset'
hydropower production and cooling water intakes, and damaging shore structures. Ice cover also impactsChapter 6 GREAT LAKES ICE COVER RaymondA. Asset' ABSTRACT: Theformation of ice on the Lallrentian (~rthe Great Lakes anel local weather and climate. The (I1Inllal seasonal and ~'Patialprogression of ice
FIRST PRINCIPLES MODELING FOR LIDAR SENSING OF COMPLEX ICE SURFACES J. Kerekes, A. Goodenough, S of monitoring the dynamics and mass balance of glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets. However, it is also known that ice surfaces can have complex 3-dimensional structure, which can challenge their accurate retrieval
Kerekes, John
Microstructure through an ice sheet Tobias Binder1, a
Microstructure through an ice sheet Tobias Binder1, a , Ilka Weikusat2, b , Johannes Freitag2, firstname.lastname@example.com, e email@example.com, f email@example.com Keywords: Ice, microstructure characterization, grain boundary curvature, image processing Abstract. Ice cores through an ice sheet can
Garbe, Christoph S.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diatom assemblages promote ice formation in large
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diatom assemblages promote ice formation in large lakes NA D'souza1,3 , Y evidence for the directed formation of ice by planktonic communities dominated by filamentous diatoms sampled from the ice-covered Laurentian Great Lakes. We hypothesize that ice formation promotes attachment
Lee Jr., Richard E.
Apparatus for mounting crystal
A thickness monitor useful in deposition or etching reactor systems comprising a crystal-controlled oscillator in which the crystal is deposited or etched to change the frequency of the oscillator. The crystal rests within a thermally conductive metallic housing and arranged to be temperature controlled. Electrode contacts are made to the surface primarily by gravity force such that the crystal is substantially free of stress otherwise induced by high temperature.
Longeway, Paul A. (East Windsor, NJ)
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for methanol + ethanol + water, methanol + water, and ethanol + water
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria were measured for the ternary system methanol + ethanol + water and its constituent binary systems of methanol + water and ethanol + water at 323.15, 328.15, and 333.15 K. The apparatus that was used made it possible to control the measured temperature and total pressure by computer. The experimental binary data were correlated by the NRTL equation. The ternary system was predicted using the binary NRTL parameters with good accuracy.
Kurihara, Kiyofumi; Takeda, Kouichi; Kojima, Kazuo [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry; Minoura, Tsuyoshi [Mitui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
Modeling of sorption isotherms of dried vegetable wastes from wholesale market
The moisture sorption isotherms of dried vegetable wastes (based on green leaves and fruits) from wholesale market were determined at 25, 40, 60 and 90 C by the static gravimetric method. Experimental data were fit by using several mathematical models. The G.A.B. and the Halsey model gave the minimum mean square error. G.A.B. parameters were related with temperature by Arrhenius expressions.
Lopez, A.; Iguaz, A.; Esnoz, A.; Virseda, P.
Enthalpy of adsorption and isotherms for adsorption of naphthenic acid onto clays
The enthalpies of adsorption and the isotherms for adsorption of naphthenic acid onto Na-montmorillonite, Na-kaolinite, and Na-illite were studied by means of calorimetry and the static method at 298.15 K. The results show that the enthalpies of adsorption and saturated adsorption amounts of naphthenic acid on different clays change in the order Na-montmorillonite > Na-illite > Na-kaolinite. The interaction between naphthenic acid and clays is discussed.
Zou, L.; Han, B.; Yan, H. [Academia Sinica, Beijing (China). Inst. of Chemistry] [Academia Sinica, Beijing (China). Inst. of Chemistry; Kasperski, K.L.; Xu, Y. [CANMET, Devon, Alberta (Canada). Energy Mines and Resources] [CANMET, Devon, Alberta (Canada). Energy Mines and Resources; Hepler, L.G. [Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry] [Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry
Observations of ice thickness and frazil ice in the St. Lawrence Island polynya from satellite imagery, upward looking sonar, and
Oceanography: General: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes (0689); 4540 Oceanography: Physical: Ice and growth of frazil and thin ice in polynyas play a critical role in the linkage of the atmospheric heatObservations of ice thickness and frazil ice in the St. Lawrence Island polynya from satellite
Washington at Seattle, University of
ice-surface lowering or some regional climate change induced by ice-surface lowering. If attributed solely to a
ice-surface lowering or some regional climate change induced by ice-surface lowering. If attributed solely to a change in ice-surface elevation, the 3� to 4�C warming at Siple Dome (16) would indicate 500 to 650 m of ice-surface lowering, assuming a free atmospheric lapse rate of 6�C per 1000 m
Flint-Garcia, Sherry
Communication: On the stability of ice 0, ice i, and I h D. Quigley, D. Alf, and B. Slater
Communication: On the stability of ice 0, ice i, and I h D. Quigley, D. Alfè, and B. Slater (2014) Communication: On the stability of ice 0, ice i, and Ih D. Quigley,1,a) D. Alfè,2 and B. Slater3
Alfè, Dario
Morphology and crystallographic orientation relationship in isothermally transformed Fe�N austenite
The 225 �C isothermal transformation of a high-nitrogen austenite with Fe�2.71 wt.% N was investigated by means of electron microscopy. It was found that the transformation products were composed of ultrafine ?-Fe and ??-Fe{sub 4}N plus retained austenite ?, which were in two types of morphologies, namely, (i) with the retained austenite patches dispersed among the (?-Fe + ??-Fe{sub 4}N) packets and (ii) with the ultrafine ?-Fe and ?/??-Fe{sub 4}N laths interwoven with each other within a single bainitic packet. A cube�cube orientation relationship between the ? (austenite) and ??-Fe{sub 4}N, and a near Greninger�Troiano (G�T) one between the ? (austenite) and the bainitic ?-ferrite were detected. The morphology, orientation relationship and high hardness (> 1000 HV) of the transformation products indicated that the isothermal transformation of the high nitrogen austenite was analogous to a bainitic one. - Highlights: � Isothermal transformation products consisted of nano-sized ?-Fe + ?? + ? (retained). � The hardness of transformation product exceeded 1000 HV. � The ?-Fe and ?/??-Fe{sub 4}N kept a near G-T OR in the grain interior.
Jiao, Dongling, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 (China); Luo, Chengping; Liu, Jiangwen [School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 (China); Zhang, Guoqing [Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095 (China)
The Phases of Water Ice in the Solar Nebula
Understanding the phases of water ice that were present in the solar nebula has implications for understanding cometary and planetary compositions as well as internal evolution of these bodies. Here we show that amorphous ice formed more readily than previously recognized, with formation at temperatures ice to form. This processing would be a natural consequence of ice dynamics, and would allow for the trapping of noble gases and other volatiles in water ice in the outer solar nebula.
Ciesla, Fred J
Quantifying fit in ice hockey skate boots.
??Purpose. This study quantified fit of ice hockey skate boots by measuring the pressure (MP) at the foot/ankle-to-boot interface using three skate sizes. The relationship� (more)
Gheorghiu, Cristian R.
Observations of the Askaryan Effect in Ice
We report on the first observations of the Askaryan effect in ice: coherent impulsive radio Cherenkov radiation from the charge asymmetry in an electromagnetic (EM) shower. Such radiation has been observed in silica sand and rock salt, but this is the first direct observation from an EM shower in ice. These measurements are important since the majority of experiments to date that rely on the effect for ultra-high energy neutrino detection are being performed using ice as the target medium. As part of the complete validation process for the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment, we performed an experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in June 2006 using a 7.5 metric ton ice target, yielding results fully consistent with theoretical expectations.
ANITA collaboration; P. W. Gorham; S. W. Barwick; J. J. Beatty; D. Z. Besson; W. R. Binns; C. Chen; P. Chen; J. M. Clem; A. Connolly; P. F. Dowkontt; M. A. DuVernois; R. C. Field; D. Goldstein; A. Goodhue; C. Hast; C. L. Hebert; S. Hoover; M. H. Israel; J. Kowalski; J. G. Learned; K. M. Liewer; J. T. Link; E. Lusczek; S. Matsuno; B. Mercurio; C. Miki; P. Miocinovic; J. Nam; C. J. Naudet; J. Ng; R. Nichol; K. Palladino; K. Reil; A. Romero-Wolf; M. Rosen; D. Saltzberg; D. Seckel; G. S. Varner; D. Walz; F. Wu
Barwick, S W; Besson, D Z; Binns, W R; Chen, P; Clem, J M; Connolly, A; Dowkontt, P F; Duvernois, M A; Field, R C; Goldstein, D; Goodhue, A; Gorham, P W; Hast, C; Hebert, C L; Hoover, S; Israel, M H; Kowalski, J; Learned, J G; Liewer, K M; Link, J T; Lusczek, E; Matsuno, S; Mercurio, B; Miki, C; Miocinovic, P; Nam, J; Naudet, C J; Ng, J; Nichol, R; Palladino, K J; Reil, K; Romero-Wolf, A; Rosen, M; Saltzberg, D; Secke, D; Varner, G S; Walz, D; Wu, F
Gorham, P.W.
Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate
I show that perchlorate hydrates, which have been indirectly detected at high Martian circumpolar latitudes by the Phoenix Mars Lander, have a dramatic effect upon the rheological behavior of polycrystalline water ice under ...
Lenferink, Hendrik J., 1985-
Development of a Mobile Ice Nucleus Counter
An ice nucleus counter has been constructed. The instrument uses built-in refrigeration systems for wall cooling. A cascade refrigeration system will allow the cold wall to operate as low as -70 deg C, and a single stage system can operate the warm wall at -45 deg C. A unique optical particle counter has been constructed using polarization detection of the scattered light. This allows differentiation of the particles exiting the chamber to determine if they are ice or liquid.
Kok, Gregory; Kulkarni, Gourihar
Regelation: why does ice melt under pressure?
Unlike other unusual materials whose bonds contract under compression, the O:H nonbond undergoes contraction and the H-O bond elongation towards O:H and H-O length symmetry in water and ice. The energy drop of the H-O bond dictates the melting point Tm depression of ice. Once the pressure is relieved, the O:H-O bond fully recovers its initial state, resulting in Regelation.
Chang Q Sun
Sun, Chang Q
Photonic crystal light source
A light source is provided by a photonic crystal having an enhanced photonic density-of-states over a band of frequencies and wherein at least one of the dielectric materials of the photonic crystal has a complex dielectric constant, thereby producing enhanced light emission at the band of frequencies when the photonic crystal is heated. The dielectric material can be a metal, such as tungsten. The spectral properties of the light source can be easily tuned by modification of the photonic crystal structure and materials. The photonic crystal light source can be heated electrically or other heating means. The light source can further include additional photonic crystals that exhibit enhanced light emission at a different band of frequencies to provide for color mixing. The photonic crystal light source may have applications in optical telecommunications, information displays, energy conversion, sensors, and other optical applications.
Fleming, James G. (Albuquerque, NM); Lin, Shawn-Yu (Albuquerque, NM); Bur, James A. (Corrales, NM)
115 year ice-core data from Akademii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya: high-resolution record of Eurasian Arctic climate change
115 year ice-core data from Akademii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya: high-resolution record ABSTRACT. From 1999 to 2001 a 724 m deep ice core was drilled on Akademii Nauk ice cap, Severnaya Zemlya Greenland are needed. Therefore, in the Eurasian Arctic several ice cores from ice caps on Svalbard
Fischer, Hubertus
E-Print Network 3.0 - aircraft icing hazards Sample Search Results
effects on aircraft performance. Although anti-icing devices such as de-icing boots and heating strips... help, ice ... Source: Valasek, John - Department of Aerospace...
E-Print Network 3.0 - antarctic pack ice Sample Search Results
ice pack has... to state with certainty, whether the Antarctic continent is warming or cooling overall. Trends in sea ice... snowmelt over Alaska and eastern Siberia, and ice...
E-Print Network 3.0 - antarctic ice pack Sample Search Results
Spread of ice mass loss into northwest Greenland observed by GRACE and GPS
oscillations and seasonal ice mass fluctuations, Eos Trans.2007), Rapid changes in ice discharge from Greenland outletW. et al. (2004), Greenland Ice Sheet: Increased coastal
Khan, Shfaqat Abbas; Wahr, John; Bevis, Michael; Velicogna, Isabella; Kendrick, Eric
A correlation for the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of black oil at pressures below the bubble point
A CORRELATION FOR THE COEFFICIENT OF ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF BLACK OIL AT PRESSURES BELOW THE BUBBLE POINT A Thesis by ALEJANDRO J. VILLENA LAiVZI Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AAM University in partial fulfillment... of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1985 Major Subject: Petroleum Engineerrng A CORRELATION FOR THE COEFFICIENT OF ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF BLACK OIL AT PRESSURES BELOW THE BUBBLE POINT A Thesis by ALEJANDRO J. VILLENA LANZI...
Villena Lanzi, Alejandro J
Modeling of Antarctic sea ice in a general circulation model
A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is developed and coupled with the Melbourne University general circulation model to simulate the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice distributions The model is efficient, rapid to compute, and useful for a range of climate studies. The thermodynamic part of the sea ice model is similar to that developed by Parkinson and Washington, the dynamics contain a simplified ice rheology that resists compression. The thermodynamics is based on energy conservation at the top surface of the ice/snow, the ice/water interface, and the open water area to determine the ice formation, accretion, and ablation. A lead parameterization is introduced with an effective partitioning scheme for freezing between and under the ice floes. The dynamic calculation determines the motion of ice, which is forced with the atmospheric wind, taking account of ice resistance and rafting. The simulated sea ice distribution compares reasonably well with observations. The seasonal cycle of ice extent is well simulated in phase as well as in magnitude. Simulated sea ice thickness and concentration are also in good agreement with observations over most regions and serve to indicate the importance of advection and ocean drift in the determination of the sea ice distribution. 64 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.
Wu, Xingren; Budd, W.F. [Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Tasmania (Australia)] [Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre, Tasmania (Australia); Simmonds, I. [School of Earth Sciences, Victoria (Australia)] [School of Earth Sciences, Victoria (Australia)
Quantification of summertime water ice deposition on the Martian north polar ice cap
We use observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of the north polar cap during late summer for two Martian years, to monitor the complete summer cycle of albedo and water ice grain size in order to place quantitative limits of the amount of water ice deposited in late summer. We establish here for the first time the complete spring to summer cycle of water ice grain sizes on the north polar cap. The apparent grain sizes grow until Ls=132, when they appear to shrink again, until they are obscured at the end of summer by the north polar hood. Under the assumption that the shrinking of grain sizes is due to the deposition of find grained ice, we quantify the amount of water ice deposited per Martian boreal summer, and estimate the amount of water ice that must be transported equatorward. Interestingly, we find that the relative amount of water ice deposited in the north cap during boreal summer (0.7-7 microns) is roughly equivalent to the average amount of water ice depos...
Brown, Adrian J; Becerra, Patricio; Byrne, Shane
ICED'09/Paper number (Contribution ID) 1 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED'09
ICED'09/Paper number (Contribution ID) 1 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED'09 24 - 27 AUGUST 2009, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CA, USA CREATIVITY THEORIES AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: A STUDY OF C-K THEORY AND INFUSED DESIGN ABSTRACT Creativity is central to human activity
Shai, Offer
ICED'09/373 1 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED'09 24 - 27 AUGUST 2009, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CA, USA CREATIVITY THEORIES AND SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: A STUDY OF C-K THEORY AND INFUSED Creativity is central to human activity and is a powerful force in personal and organizational success
Reich, Yoram
The Role of Snow and Ice in the Climate System
Global snow and ice cover (the 'cryosphere') plays a major role in global climate and hydrology through a range of complex interactions and feedbacks, the best known of which is the ice - albedo feedback. Snow and ice cover undergo marked seasonal and long term changes in extent and thickness. The perennial elements - the major ice sheets and permafrost - play a role in present-day regional and local climate and hydrology, but the large seasonal variations in snow cover and sea ice are of importance on continental to hemispheric scales. The characteristics of these variations, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, and evidence for recent trends in snow and ice extent are discussed.
Barry, Roger (NSIDC) [NSIDC
Phononic crystal devices
Phononic crystals that have the ability to modify and control the thermal black body phonon distribution and the phonon component of heat transport in a solid. In particular, the thermal conductivity and heat capacity can be modified by altering the phonon density of states in a phononic crystal. The present invention is directed to phononic crystal devices and materials such as radio frequency (RF) tags powered from ambient heat, dielectrics with extremely low thermal conductivity, thermoelectric materials with a higher ratio of electrical-to-thermal conductivity, materials with phononically engineered heat capacity, phononic crystal waveguides that enable accelerated cooling, and a variety of low temperature application devices.
El-Kady, Ihab F. (Albuquerque, NM); Olsson, Roy H. (Albuquerque, NM)
Liquid Crystal Optofluidics
By employing anisotropic fluids and namely liquid crystals, fluid flow becomes an additional degree of freedom in designing optofluidic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate optofluidic liquid crystal devices based on the direct flow of nematic liquid crystals in microfluidic channels. Contrary to previous reports, in the present embodiment we employ the effective phase delay acquired by light travelling through flowing liquid crystal, without analysing the polarisation state of the transmitted light. With this method, we demonstrate the variation in the diffraction pattern of an array of microfluidic channels acting as a grating. We also discuss our recent activities in integrating mechanical oscillators for on-chip peristaltic pumping.
Vasdekis, Andreas E.; Cuennet, J. G.; Psaltis, D.
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for benzene + cyclohexane + 1-propanol and for three constituent binary systems
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria were measured for the ternary system of benzene + cyclohexane + 1-propanol and its constituent binary systems of benzene + cyclohexane, cyclohexane + 1-propanol, and benzene + 1-propanol at 323.15 and 333.15 K, using the apparatus proposed in a previous study. The experimental binary data were correlated using the NRTL equation. The ternary system was predicted using the binary NRTL parameters. The average absolute percent deviations between the predicted and experimental ternary total pressures are 0.5% at 323.15 K and 0.4% at 333.15 K.
Kurihara, Kiyofumi; Uchiyama, Masanori; Kojima, Kazuo [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry] [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry
Well posedness of an isothermal diffusive model for binary mixtures of incompressible fluids
We consider a model describing the behavior of a mixture of two incompressible fluids with the same density in isothermal conditions. The model consists of three balance equations: continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation for the mean velocity of the mixture, and diffusion equation (Cahn-Hilliard equation). We assume that the chemical potential depends upon the velocity of the mixture in such a way that an increase of the velocity improves the miscibility of the mixture. We examine the thermodynamic consistence of the model which leads to the introduction of an additional constitutive force in the motion equation. Then, we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the resulting differential problem.
A. Berti; V. Berti; D. Grandi
Hydrogenation reactions in interstellar CO ice analogues
Hydrogenation reactions of CO in inter- and circumstellar ices are regarded as an important starting point in the formation of more complex species. Previous laboratory measurements by two groups on the hydrogenation of CO ices resulted in controversial results on the formation rate of methanol. Our aim is to resolve this controversy by an independent investigation of the reaction scheme for a range of H-atom fluxes and different ice temperatures and thicknesses. Reaction rates are determined by using a state-of-the-art ultra high vacuum experimental setup to bombard an interstellar CO ice analog with room temperature H atoms. The reaction of CO + H into H2CO and subsequently CH3OH is monitored by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in a reflection absorption mode. In addition, after each completed measurement a temperature programmed desorption experiment is performed to identify the produced species. Different H-atom fluxes, morphologies, and ice thicknesses are tested. The formation of both formaldeh...
Fuchs, G W; Ioppolo, S; Romanzin, C; Bisschop, S E; Andersson, S; Van Dishoeck, E F; Linnartz, H
Channeling through Bent Crystals
Bent crystals have demonstrated potential for use in beam collimation. A process called channeling is when accelerated particle beams are trapped by the nuclear potentials in the atomic planes within a crystal lattice. If the crystal is bent then the particles can follow the bending angle of the crystal. There are several different effects that are observed when particles travel through a bent crystal including dechanneling, volume capture, volume reflection and channeling. With a crystal placed at the edge of a particle beam, part of the fringe of the beam can be deflected away towards a detector or beam dump, thus helping collimate the beam. There is currently FORTRAN code by Igor Yazynin that has been used to model the passage of particles through a bent crystal. Using this code, the effects mentioned were explored for beam energy that would be seen at the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) at a range of crystal orientations with respect to the incoming beam. After propagating 5 meters in vacuum space past the crystal the channeled particles were observed to separate from most of the beam with some noise due to dechanneled particles. Progressively smaller bending radii, with corresponding shorter crystal lengths, were compared and it was seen that multiple scattering decreases with the length of the crystal therefore allowing for cleaner detection of the channeled particles. The input beam was then modified and only a portion of the beam sent through the crystal. With the majority of the beam not affected by the crystal, most particles were not deflected and after propagation the channeled particles were seen to be deflected approximately 5mm. After a portion of the beam travels through the crystal, the entire beam was then sent through a quadrupole magnet, which increased the separation of the channeled particles from the remainder of the beam to a distance of around 20mm. A different code, which was developed at SLAC, was used to create an angular profile plot which was compared to what was produced by Yazynin's code for a beam with no multiple scattering. The results were comparable, with volume reflection and channeling effects observed and the range of crystal orientations at which volume reflection is seen was about 1 mrad in both simulations.
Mack, Stephanie; /Ottawa U. /SLAC
Equations of state of ice VI and ice VII at high pressure and high temperature
High-pressure H{sub 2}O polymorphs among which ice VI and ice VII are abundant in the interiors of large icy satellites and exo-planets. Knowledge of the elastic properties of these pure H{sub 2}O ices at high-temperature and high-pressure is thus crucial to decipher the internal structure of icy bodies. In this study we assess for the first time the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) relations of both polycrystalline pure ice VI and ice VII at high pressures and temperatures from 1 to 9 GPa and 300 to 450 K, respectively, by using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The PVT data are adjusted to a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and give V{sub 0} = 14.17(2) cm{sup 3}?mol{sup ?1}, K{sub 0} = 14.05(23) GPa, and ?{sub 0} = 14.6(14) � 10{sup ?5} K{sup ?1} for ice VI and V{sub 0} = 12.49(1) cm{sup 3}?mol{sup ?1}, K{sub 0} = 20.15(16) GPa, and ?{sub 0} = 11.6(5) � 10{sup ?5} K{sup ?1} for ice VII.
Bezacier, Lucile; Hanfland, Michael [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble (France); Journaux, Baptiste; Perrillat, Jean-Philippe; Cardon, Herv�; Daniel, Isabelle [Laboratoire de G�ologie de Lyon, UMR 5276 CNRS, Ecole Normale Sup�rieure de Lyon � Universit� Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France)
andrill mcmurdo ice: Topics by E-print Network
Completed all Enhanced Hot Water Drill staff from UW, IceCube collaborators, and Raytheon. Conducted a Quarterly Status Meeting at UW-loaded schedule for on-ice...
aterrizamiento del ice: Topics by E-print Network
adsorption ice maker: Topics by E-print Network
ancient 19-m ice: Topics by E-print Network
IceCube Project Monthly Report -November 2009 Accomplishments
-speaking researchers. · IceCube participated with Raytheon Polar Services Company in an extremely successful emergency principally due to lower labor and on-ice support costs for Raytheon Polar Services Corporation and the Air
Study of ice cloud properties using infrared spectral data
The research presented in this thesis involves the study of ice cloud microphysical and optical properties using both hyperspectral and narrowband infrared spectral data. First, ice cloud models are developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding...
Garrett, Kevin James
Cirrus cloud formation and the role of heterogeneous ice nuclei
Composition, size, and phase are key properties that define the ability of an aerosol particle to initiate ice in cirrus clouds. Properties of cirrus ice nuclei (IN) have not been well constrained due to a lack of systematic ...
Froyd, Karl D.
Meltwater effects on flow of Greenland's ice sheet less severe...
severe than feared Meltwater effects on flow of Greenland's ice sheet less severe for sea level rise than earlier feared, scientists say The team found that accelerating ice sheet...
Basal melt rates beneath Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Basal water lubricates and enables the fast flow of the West Antarctic ice streams which exist under low gravitational driving stress. Identification of sources and rates of basal meltwater production can provide insight into the dynamics of ice...
Beem, Lucas H.; Jezek, Ken C.; Van Der Veen, C. J.
Growing and moving low-mass planets in non-isothermal disks
We study the interaction of a low-mass planet with a protoplanetary disk with a realistic treatment of the energy balance by doing radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. We look at accretion and migration rates and compare them to isothermal studies. We used a three-dimensional version of the hydrodynamical method RODEO, together with radiative transport in the flux-limited diffusion approach. The accretion rate, as well as the torque on the planet, depend critically on the ability of the disk to cool efficiently. For densities appropriate to 5 AU in the solar nebula, the accretion rate drops by more than an order of magnitude compared to isothermal models, while at the same time the torque on the planet is positive, indicating outward migration. It is necessary to lower the density by a factor of 2 to recover inward migration and more than 2 orders of magnitude to recover the usual Type I migration. The torque appears to be proportional to the radial entropy gradient in the unperturbed disk. These findings are critical for the survival of protoplanets, and they should ultimately find their way into population synthesis models.
S. -J. Paardekooper; G. Mellema
We study the interaction of a low-mass planet with a protoplanetary disk with a realistic treatment of the energy balance by doing radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. We look at accretion and migration rates and compare them to isothermal studies. We used a three-dimensional version of the hydrodynamical method RODEO, together with radiative transport in the flux-limited diffusion approach. The accretion rate, as well as the torque on the planet, depend critically on the ability of the disk to cool efficiently. For densities appropriate to 5 AU in the solar nebula, the accretion rate drops by more than an order of magnitude compared to isothermal models, while at the same time the torque on the planet is positive, indicating outward migration. It is necessary to lower the density by a factor of 2 to recover inward migration and more than 2 orders of magnitude to recover the usual Type I migration. The torque appears to be proportional to the radial entropy gradient in the unperturbed disk. These findings ar...
Paardekooper, S -J
OF ANNUAL ICE CYCLE 1. Fall Cooling 2. Ice Formation 3. Ice Thickness 4. Seasonal Maximum Ice Cover 5ANIMATION OF THE NORMAL ICE CYCLE OF THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES OF NORTH AMERICA R.A. Assel and J describes an interactive menu- driven computer tutorial on the contemporary ice cover climatology
Maximum late Holocene extent of the western Greenland Ice Sheet during the late 20th century
the 20th century. This suggests a lagged ice-margin response to prior cooling, such as the Little Ice AgeMaximum late Holocene extent of the western Greenland Ice Sheet during the late 20th century Samuel Keywords: Greenland Ice Sheet Little Ice Age 10 Be exposure dating Ice-dammed lake Lake sediment core a b
Briner, Jason P.
Postdoctoral position Antarctic ice sheet modelling Free University of Brussels (VUB)
systems and ice caps, and in ice sheets in both polar regions (Greenland and Antarctica). The project as improved treatments for basal processes (basal sliding below ice sheet, basal melting below ice shelvesPostdoctoral position � Antarctic ice sheet modelling Free University of Brussels (VUB) The Ice
Huybrechts, Philippe
Maneuverability of ships in ice: numerical simulation and comparison with field measurements
Maneuverability of ships in ice: numerical simulation and comparison with field measurements Biao Su Department of Marine Technology, NTNU May 28, 2013 #12;Motivation Local ice load Global ice load Ship's performance � Ice-hull interaction � Local ice load � Global ice load � Ship's performance #12
N�rv�g, Kjetil
Numerical simulation of ice-induced loads on ships and comparison with field measurements
Numerical simulation of ice-induced loads on ships and comparison with field measurements Biao Su Department of Marine Technology, NTNU May 28, 2013 #12;Motivation Local ice load Global ice load Ship's performance � Ice-hull interaction � Local ice load � Global ice load � Ship's performance #12;Outline
Covered Product Category: Water-Cooled Ice Machines
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provides acquisition guidance and federal efficiency requirements for water-cooled ice machines.
An update on land-ice modeling in the CESM
Mass loss from land ice, including the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets as well as smaller glacier and ice caps, is making a large and growing contribution to global sea-level rise. Land ice is only beginning to be incorporated in climate models. The goal of the Land Ice Working Group (LIWG) is to develop improved land-ice models and incorporate them in CESM, in order to provide useful, physically-based sea-level predictions. LJWG efforts to date have led to the inclusion of a dynamic ice-sheet model (the Glimmer Community Ice Sheet Model, or Glimmer-CISM) in the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which was released in June 2010. CESM also includes a new surface-mass-balance scheme for ice sheets in the Community Land Model. Initial modeling efforts are focused on the Greenland ice sheet. Preliminary results are promising. In particular, the simulated surface mass balance for Greenland is in good agreement with observations and regional model results. The current model, however, has significant limitations: The land-ice coupling is one-way; we are using a serial version of Glimmer-CISM with the shallow-ice approximation; and there is no ice-ocean coupling. During the next year we plan to implement two-way coupling (including ice-ocean coupling with a dynamic Antarctic ice sheet) with a parallel , higher-order version of Glimmer-CISM. We will also add parameterizations of small glaciers and ice caps. With these model improvements, CESM will be able to simulate all the major contributors to 21st century global sea-level rise. Results of the first round of simulations should be available in time to be included in the Fifth Assessment Report (ARS) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Lipscomb, William H [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Learn to Skate at UAF Patty Ice Arena
Learn to Skate at UAF Patty Ice Arena Tots(age 3-6)& Beginners/Pre-Alpha(age 6-up) 4 Sessions for non-members; $20/day Alpha-Freestyle 3:30-5:00pm One year membership to Ice Skating Institute - $15BreakSkatingCamp Skating for Hockey 3:30-5:00pm March 12-15 3:30-3:45 - O -ice:Warm up 4:00-4:45 - On Ice Skills 15 min
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GREENLAND ICE SHEET MELTING TO GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL CHANGE Conor Mc three major sources, the Greenland ice sheet, Antarctica, and other eustatic components. Each has its own predictable spatial signal, and particular attention was paid to the Greenland ice sheet, given
Autosub missions beneath Polar Ice: Preparation and Experience
Autosub missions beneath Polar Ice: Preparation and Experience Gwyn Griffiths Southampton, May 2004 #12;Autosub Polar Campaigns J 2001 - Krill distribution and sea ice thickness studies in the northern Weddell Sea (Brierley, Fernandes and Brandon). J 2003 - Sea ice thickness, Bellingshausen Sea
Griffiths, Gwyn
cooling with the compressor). Yes No #12;STATE OF CALIFORNIA ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONING (ISAC) UNITS CECSTATE OF CALIFORNIA ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONING (ISAC) UNITS CEC-CF-6R-MECH-08 (Revised 08/09) CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE CF-6R-MECH-08 Ice Storage Air Conditioning (ISAC) Units
Climate impacts of ice nucleation A. Gettelman,1,2
back to space, cooling the planet. However, ice clouds, being cold, radiate much less long wave and cooling, with warming thought to be slightly larger. [3] Changes to ice cloud microphysics might alterClimate impacts of ice nucleation A. Gettelman,1,2 X. Liu,3 D. Barahona,4,5 U. Lohmann,2 and C
Stresses generated in cooling viscoelastic ice shells: Application to Europa
Stresses generated in cooling viscoelastic ice shells: Application to Europa F. Nimmo Department to cooling and the expansion of the shell due to the ice-water volume change. The former effect generates Citation: Nimmo, F. (2004), Stresses generated in cooling viscoelastic ice shells: Application to Europa, J
Nimmo, Francis
Global Ice and Land Climate Studies Using Scatterometer Image Data
1 Global Ice and Land Climate Studies Using Scatterometer Image Data David G. Long Brigham Young CA 91109 email@example.com email@example.com Cheryl Bertoia U. S. National Ice Center: Long, D. G., M. R. Drinkwater, B. Holt, S. Saatchi, and C. Bertoia, Global ice and land climate studies
Long, David G.
Is the Missing Ultra-Red Material Colorless Ice?
The extremely red colors of some transneptunian objects and Centaurs are not seen among the Jupiter family comets which supposedly derive from them. Could this mismatch result from sublimation loss of colorless ice? Radiative transfer models show that mixtures of volatile ice and nonvolatile organics could be extremely red, but become progressively darker and less red as the ice sublimates away.
W. M. Grundy
ICE SHEET SOURCES OF SEA LEVEL RISE AND FRESHWATER DISCHARGE DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION Anders E the sources of sea level rise and freshwater dis- charge to the global oceans associated with retreat of ice10 m sea level rise at 19.019.5 ka, sourced largely from Northern Hemisphere ice sheet retreat
Carlson, Anders
photolysis of these ices produces a host of new compounds, some of which show intriguing prebiotic behavior1 FROM INTERSTELLAR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND ICE TO ASTROBIOLOGY LOUIS J. ALLAMANDOLA, the concept of ices in dense molecular clouds ignored, and the notion of large, abundant, gas phase, carbon
Correspondence Laboratory observations of debris-bearing ice facies frozen
, others argue that supercooling is not the only mechanism for producing thick basal ice sequencesCorrespondence Laboratory observations of debris-bearing ice facies frozen from supercooled water. Supercooling has been invoked to explain anomalously thick basal ice sequences beneath temperate glaciers
Knight, Peter G.
The Need for SPIRIT DEMs to Quantify Antarctic Ice Sheet
appropriate mask SPIRIT has the data and could produce the necessary DEMs #12;Conclusions · Antarctic iceThe Need for SPIRIT DEMs to Quantify Antarctic Ice Sheet Discharge Robert Bindschadler NASA & UMBC #12;Antarctic Ice Sheet Discharge · 33 largest, most active basins account for 840 Gt/a (Rignot
Berthier, Etienne
Computational methods for several models of ice stream flow
on any grid Shallow ice approximation produces oscillatory solutions Nonlinear and linear solvers haveComputational methods for several models of ice stream flow Jed Brown Laboratory of Hydrology transition at ice stream margins Bed slope is discontinuous and of order 1. Taylor expansions no longer valid
Brown, Jed
Snow and Ice Field Handbook for Snowplow Operators
for an Effective Anti-icing Program, produced by the Utah LTAP Center. Thanks to the following sponsorsMinnesota Snow and Ice Control Field Handbook for Snowplow Operators Second Revision Manual Number Local Road Research Board #12;#12;Minnesota Snow and Ice Control Field Handbook for Snowplow Operators
Minnesota, University of
The Ice Rink Problem 1 Bernard M.E. Moret,
The Ice Rink Problem 1 Bernard M.E. Moret, Michael Collins, Jared Saia, and Ling Yu Department the sensor footprint. A similar task with a simpler geometry consists of cleaning an ice rink. We prove that the method used in ice rinks (the ``Zamboni algorithm'') is optimal and use it to develop heuristics
Moret, Bernard
Operation and Control of Full Ice-storage System
In a dividing time ice-storage system, the refrigerator does not operate during power's on-peak period, and all the cooling is supplied by the ice stored in off-peak period, so that the use of electricity can be maintained. When the ice is thawing...
Liu, Q.; Liu, Y.
Contemporary Lake Superior Ice Cover Climatology Raymond A. Assel
Contemporary Lake Superior Ice Cover Climatology Raymond A. Assel NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Introduction A brief discussion of Lake Superior ice cover climatology (Phillips, 1978) was included) almost three decades ago. Much additional information (and analysis) of Great Lakes ice cover has been
The Integrated Computer Engineering Design (ICED) Curriculum Augustus K. Uht
The Integrated Computer Engineering Design (ICED) Curriculum Augustus K. Uht Department computer engineering curriculum, ICED, is being introduced at the University of Rhode Island. The main. This paper gives the rationale of ICED in depth, and describes the core courses, their activities and use
Uht, Augustus K.
Bacteria beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Brian Lanoil,1
Bacteria beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Brian Lanoil,1 * Mark Skidmore,1 John C. Priscu,2, particularly those that lie beneath polar ice sheets, are beginning to be recog- nized as an important part Vostok, Antarctica, no sub-ice sheet environments have been shown to support microbial ecosystems. Here
Ice Simulation Using GPGPU Shadi Alawneh and Dennis Peters
Ice Simulation Using GPGPU Shadi Alawneh and Dennis Peters Electrical and Computer Engineering.alawneh, email@example.com Abstract-- Simulation of the behaviour of a ship operating in pack ice on several different ice fields for several iterations to compare the performance. Our results show speed up
Peters, Dennis
A Computer Tutorial for Great Lakes Ice Cover Climatology
A Computer Tutorial for Great Lakes Ice Cover Climatology R.A. ASSELL U.S. Department of Commerce tutorial was developed to provide an overview of the annual ~ r e a fLakes ice cycle. The tutorial includes an animation to aid in visualizing the normal seasonal progression and the spatial patterns of ice cover
Implementing an ICE: A methodology for the design, development
Implementing an ICE: A methodology for the design, development and installation of Interactive for the design, development and implementation of ICEs (Interactive Collaborative Environments) in real world with the Edinburgh Napier ICE, a multi-user, multi-surface, multi-touch blended interaction digitally augmented space
Deussen, Oliver
Modeling Lake Erie ice dynamics: Process studies , Haoguo Hu2
Modeling Lake Erie ice dynamics: Process studies Jia Wang1 , Haoguo Hu2 , and Xuezhi Bai2 1 NOAA of Michigan 4840 S. State Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 Abstract. A Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM derived from meteorological measurements. After the seasonal cycles of ice concentration, thickness
ICE Algorithm for the Shocktube Problem Oren E. Livne
1 ICE Algorithm for the Shocktube Problem Oren E. Livne UUSCI-2006-007 Scientific Computing the main ICE advection algorithm for scalar advection problems (advection and Burg- ers step in this original Kashiwa ICE algorithm [Kas00], and its relation of both the Davis scheme [Dav87
Utah, University of
A lattice model to simulate ice-structure interaction
A lattice model to simulate ice-structure interaction O. Dorival, A. V. Metrikine, A. Simone of Technology P. O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands Abstract The interaction between ice sheets, due to the complexity of ice material the use of small-scale experiments is problematic if one aims
Historical and future black carbon deposition on the three ice caps: Ice core measurements and model simulations from 1850 to 2100
Historical and future black carbon deposition on the three ice caps: Ice core measurements black carbon deposition on the three ice caps: Ice core measurements and model simulations from 1850 tends to enhance snow and ice melting due to the absorption caused by the increased BC deposition
Decadal-scale variations in ice flow along Whillans Ice Stream and its tributaries, West Antarctica
We investigate velocity changes occurring along Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) by comparing velocities derived from repeat aerial photographs acquired in 1985�89 (average date of 1987) to interferometric satellite radar (InSAR) velocities collected...
Stearns, Leigh; Jezek, K.A.; Van der Veen, C.J.
Focused synthetic aperture radar processing of ice-sounder data collected over the Greenland ice sheet
We developed a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing algorithm for airborne/spaceborne ice-sounding radar systems and applied it to data collected in Greenland. By using focused SAR (phase-corrected coherent averaging), we improved along...
Legarsky, J.; Gogineni, Sivaprasad; Akins, T. L.
Comparison of high-pressure CO2 sorption isotherms on Eastern and Western US coals
Accurate estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption capacity of coal is important for planning the CO2 sequestration efforts. In this work, we investigated sorption and swelling behavior of several Eastern and Western US coal samples from the Central Appalachian Basin and from San Juan Basin. The CO2 sorption isotherms have been completed at 55�C for as received and dried samples. The role of mineral components in coal, the coal swelling, the effects of temperature and moisture, and the error propagation have been analyzed. Changes in void volume due to dewatering and other factors such as temporary caging of carbon dioxide molecules in coal matrix were identified among the main factors affecting accuracy of the carbon dioxide sorption isotherms. The (helium) void volume in the sample cells was measured before and after the sorption isotherm experiments and was used to build the volume-corrected data plots.
Romanov, V.; Hur, T.-B.; Fazio, J.; Howard, B
Isothermal Battery Calorimeter Technology Transfer and Development: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-12-461
During the last 15 years, NREL has been utilizing its unique expertise and capabilities to work with industry partners on battery thermal testing and electric and hybrid vehicle simulation and testing. Further information and publications about NREL's work and unique capabilities in battery testing and modeling can be found at NREL's Energy Storage website: http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/energystorage/. Particularly, NREL has developed and fabricated a large volume isothermal battery calorimeter that has been made available for licensing and potential commercialization (http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/technology.do/techID=394). In summer of 2011, NREL developed and fabricated a smaller version of the large volume isothermal battery calorimeter, called hereafter 'cell-scale LVBC.' NETZSCH Instruments North America, LLC is a leading company in thermal analysis, calorimetry, and determination of thermo-physical properties of materials (www.netzsch-thermal-analysis.com). NETZSCH is interested in evaluation and eventual commercialization of the NREL large volume isothermal battery calorimeter.
Pesaran, A.; Keyser, M.
Ice Mass Balance Buoys: A tool for measuring and attributing changes in the thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover
Ice Mass Balance Buoys: A tool for measuring and attributing changes in the thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover Jacqueline A. Richter-Menge1 , Donald K. Perovich1 , Bruce C. Elder1 , Keran Claffey1 Abstract Recent observational and modeling studies indicate that the Arctic sea ice cover is undergoing
Rigor, Ignatius G.
Dynamics and energetics of the cloudy boundary layer in simulations of off-ice flow in the marginal ice zone
kinetic energy even in the present case where very strong surface heat fluxes occur. Ice-phase. Inclusion of the ice phase significantly affected the radiative budget as compared to purely liquid clouds, illustrating the importance of ice-phaseradiative couplings for accurate simulations of arctic clouds
Harrington, Jerry Y.
Where might we find evidence of a Last Interglacial West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse in Antarctic ice core records?
increased melting from valley glaciers and small ice caps (estimated ~0.6�0.1 m, Radi and Hock, 2010), oceanWhere might we find evidence of a Last Interglacial West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse in Antarctic ice core records? S.L. Bradley a, , M. Siddall a , G.A. Milne b , V. Masson-Delmotte c , E. Wolff d
Siddall, Mark
Toward Extraplanetary Under-Ice Exploration
.firstname.lastname@example.com Ryan Eustice Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Toward Extraplanetary firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Taichi Sato Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Nakano, Tokyo
Eustice, Ryan
Ocean and Sea Ice SAF Technical Note SAF/OSI/CDOP/KNMI/TEC/TN/165 CMOD5.n - the CMOD5 GMF SAF to produce neutral winds rather than real 10m winds. Currently, the CMOD5 Geophysical Model]. KNMI subsequently produced a CMOD5.n Lookup Table and tested the retrieved Maximum Likelihood Estimator
Ice surfaces: macroscopic effects of microscopic structure
in the large tropical and subtropical belt, and between -20 and -40 C in the small polar caps. Water becomes ice at just around the middle of that temperature range. Only a small shift in temperature determines microphysics and chemistry have large-scale consequences. The difficulties associated with observing processes
Wettlaufer, John S.
Total reflection infrared spectroscopy of water-ice and frozen aqueous NaCl solutions
Liquid-like and liquid water at and near the surface of water-ice and frozen aqueous sodium chloride films were observed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The concentration of NaCl ranged from 0.0001 to 0.01 M and the temperature varied from the melting point of water down to 256 K. The amount of liquid brine at the interface of the frozen films with the germanium ATR crystal increased with salt concentration and temperature. Experimental spectra are compared to reflection spectra calculated for a simplified morphology of a uniform liquid layer between the germanium crystal and the frozen film. This morphology allows for the amount of liquid observed in an experimental spectrum to be converted to the thickness of a homogenous layer with an equivalent amount of liquid. These equivalent thickness ranges from a nanometer for water-ice at 260 K to 170 nm for 0.01 M NaCl close to the melting point. The amounts of brine observed are over an order of magnitude less than the total liquid predicted by equilibrium thermodynamic models, implying that the vast majority of the liquid fraction of frozen solutions may be found in internal inclusions, grain boundaries, and the like. Thus, the amount of liquid and the solutes dissolved in them that are available to react with atmospheric gases on the surfaces of snow and ice are not well described by thermodynamic equilibrium models which assume the liquid phase is located entirely at the surface.
Walker, Rachel L.; Searles, Keith; Willard, Jesse A.; Michelsen, Rebecca R. H., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, P.O. Box 5005, Ashland, Virginia 23005 (United States)] [Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, P.O. Box 5005, Ashland, Virginia 23005 (United States)
Raman scattering in crystals
A tutorial presentation is given of Raman scattering in crystals. The physical concepts are emphasized rather than the detailed mathematical formalism. Starting with an introduction to the concepts of phonons and conservation laws, the effects of photon-phonon interactions are presented. This interaction concept is shown for a simple cubic crystal and is extended to a uniaxial crystal. The correlation table method is used for determining the number and symmetry of the Raman active modes. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the relative ease of using this group theoretical method and the predictions are compared with measured Raman spectra. 37 refs., 17 figs., 6 tabs.
Edwards, D.F.
Modeling the Fracture of Ice Sheets on Parallel Computers
The objective of this project was to investigate the complex fracture of ice and understand its role within larger ice sheet simulations and global climate change. This objective was achieved by developing novel physics based models for ice, novel numerical tools to enable the modeling of the physics and by collaboration with the ice community experts. At the present time, ice fracture is not explicitly considered within ice sheet models due in part to large computational costs associated with the accurate modeling of this complex phenomena. However, fracture not only plays an extremely important role in regional behavior but also influences ice dynamics over much larger zones in ways that are currently not well understood. To this end, our research findings through this project offers significant advancement to the field and closes a large gap of knowledge in understanding and modeling the fracture of ice sheets in the polar regions. Thus, we believe that our objective has been achieved and our research accomplishments are significant. This is corroborated through a set of published papers, posters and presentations at technical conferences in the field. In particular significant progress has been made in the mechanics of ice, fracture of ice sheets and ice shelves in polar regions and sophisticated numerical methods that enable the solution of the physics in an efficient way.
Waisman, Haim [Columbia University] [Columbia University; Tuminaro, Ray [Sandia National Labs] [Sandia National Labs
A New Look at Mode Conversion in a Stratified Isothermal Atmosphere
Recent numerical investigations of wave propagation near coronal magnetic null points (McLaughlin and Hood: Astron. Astrophys. 459, 641,2006) have indicated how a fast MHD wave partially converts into a slow MHD wave as the disturbance passes from a low-beta plasma to a high-beta plasma. This is a complex process and a clear understanding of the conversion mechanism requires the detailed investigation of a simpler model. An investigation of mode conversion in a stratified, isothermal atmosphere, with a uniform, vertical magnetic field is carried out, both numerically and analytically. In contrast to previous investigations of upward-propagating waves (Zhugzhda and Dzhalilov: Astron. Astrophys. 112, 16, 1982a; Cally: Astrophys. J. 548, 473, 2001), this paper studies the downward propagation of waves from a low-beta to high-beta environment. A simple expression for the amplitude of the transmitted wave is compared with the numerical solution.
A. M. D. McDougall; A. W. Hood
Collapse of Magnetized Singular Isothermal Toroids: II. Rotation and Magnetic Braking
We study numerically the collapse of rotating, magnetized molecular cloud cores, focusing on rotation and magnetic braking during the main accretion phase of isolated star formation. Motivated by previous numerical work and analytic considerations, we idealize the pre-collapse core as a magnetized singular isothermal toroid, with a constant rotational speed everywhere. The collapse starts from the center, and propagates outwards in an inside-out fashion, satisfying exact self-similarity in space and time. For rotation rates and field strengths typical of dense low-mass cores, the main feature remains the flattening of the mass distribution along field lines -- the formation of a pseudodisk, as in the nonrotating cases. The density distribution of the pseudodisk is little affected by rotation. On the other hand, the rotation rate is strongly modified by pseudodisk formation. Most of the centrally accreted material reaches the vicinity of the protostar through the pseudodisk. The specific angular momentum can b...
Allen, A; Shu, F H
Self-similar condensation of rotating magnetized self-gravitating isothermal filaments
Ordinary differential equations describing the self-similar collapse of a rotating, magnetized, self-gravitating and isothermal filament are derived. Explicit homologous solutions are studied with special emphasis on the bifurcation that occurs at the magnetosonic critical point. It is shown that there is a critical value for the toroidal magnetic field slope at the origin above which no bifurcation occurs, the solution remains homologous, and below which the density and the poloidal magnetic field tend to zero at large radius (envelope) whereas the toroidal magnetic field and azimuthal velocity relax towards a constant value. A series of spatial profiles of density, velocity and magnetic field, potentially useful for comparison with numerical or observational studies, is obtained numerically and discussed.
P. Hennebelle
Solution of the Kramers' problem about isothermal sliding of moderately dense gas with accomodation boundary conditions
Half-space boundary Kramers' problem about isothermal sliding of moderate dense gas with accomodation boundary conditions along a flat firm surface is solving. The new method of the solution of boundary problems of the kinetic theory is applied (see JVMMF, 2012, 52:3, 539-552). The method allows to receive the solution with arbitrary degree of accuracy. The idea of representation of boundary condition on distribution function in the form of source in the kinetic equation serves as the basis for the method mentioned above. By means of Fourier integrals the kinetic equation with a source comes to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The solution has been received in the form of Neumann's number.
A. V. Latyshev; A. D. Kurilov
Environmental effect on room-temperature ductility of isothermally forged TiAl-base alloys
Isothermally forged TiAl-base alloy (Al-rich, Mn-containing, and Cr-containing TiAl) were heat-treated in various conditions, and equiaxed grain structures consisting of [gamma] and [alpha][sub 2] or [beta] phases were obtained. The heat-treated alloys were tensile tested in vacuum and air at room temperature, and the environmental effect on tensile elongation was studied. The ductility of the alloys consisting of equiaxed [gamma] grains and a large amount of [alpha][sub 2] grains was not largely affecting by laboratory air, and a decrease in the amount of [alpha][sub 2] grains resulted in a large reduction of ductility in air. The [beta] phase in the Cr-containing alloy improved the ductility in vacuum, but it resulted in a large reduction of ductility in air.
Nakamura, Morihiko; Hashimoto, Kenki (National Research Inst. for Metals, Tokyo (Japan)); Itoh, Naoyuki (Nippon Steel Corp., Chiba (Japan)); Tsujimoto, Tokuzo (Ibaraki Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering); Suzuki, Toshiyuki (Kougakuin Univ., Tokyo (Japan))
DNA heats up : Energetics of genome ejection from phage revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry
Most bacteriophages are known to inject their double-stranded DNA into bacteria upon receptor binding in an essentially spontaneous way. This downhill thermodynamic process from the intact virion toward the empty viral capsid plus released DNA is made possible by the energy stored during active packaging of the genome into the capsid. Only indirect measurements of this energy have been available until now using either single-molecule or osmotic suppression techniques. In this paper, we describe for the first time the use of isothermal titration calorimetry to directly measure the heat released (or equivalently the enthalpy) during DNA ejection from phage lambda, triggered in solution by a solubilized receptor. Quantitative analyses of the results lead to the identification of thermodynamic determinants associated with DNA ejection. The values obtained were found to be consistent with those previously predicted by analytical models and numerical simulations. Moreover, the results confirm the role of DNA hydration in the energetics of genome confinement in viral capsids.
Meerim Jeembaeva; B. J�nsson; Martin Castelnovo; Alex Evilevitch
West antarctic ice sheet collapse: Chimera or clear danger
The specter of a west antarctic collapse has been with us for 25 years. Recently, certain official assessments concerned primarily with the future response to projected global warming have concluded that Antarctica will not cause much sea-level rise within the planning horizon of a century or so. At the same time startling new results on ice sheet (in)stability have been emerging, pointing to less stability then previously believed. Some recent results are reviewed briefly: Heinrich layers in the North Atlantic show basally lubricated surges of the Laurentide ice sheet; the west antarctic ice sheet collapsed recently; the modern west antarctic ice sheet is changing rapidly locally; the bed of ice stream B is exceptionally well lubricated by water and water-saturated soft sediments; the modern ice sheet is thinning slowly on average; a model west antarctic ice sheet undergoes rapid collapses long after forcing and probably related to penetration of warmth to the bed. 23 refs.
Alley, R.B. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)); MacAyeal, D.R. (Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States))
Sublimation rate of molecular crystals - role of internal degrees of freedom
It is a common practice to estimate site desorption rate from crystal surfaces with an Arrhenius expression of the form v{sub eff} exp(-{Delta}E/k{sub B}T), where {Delta}E is an activation barrier to desorb and v{sub eff} is an effective vibrational frequency {approx} 10{sup 12} sec{sup -1}. However, such a formula can lead to several to many orders of magnitude underestimation of sublimation rates in molecular crystals due to internal degrees of freedom. We carry out a quantitative comparison of two energetic molecular crystals with crystals of smaller entities like ice and Argon (solid) and uncover the errors involved as a function of molecule size. In the process, we also develop a formal definition of v{sub eff} and an accurate working expression for equilibrium vapor pressure.
Maiti, A; Zepeda-Ruiz, L A; Gee, R H; Burnham, A
Determining Greenland Ice Sheet sensitivity to regional climate change: one-way coupling of a 3-D thermo-mechanical ice sheet model with a mesoscale climate model
Jakobshavn I. Rinks Observed Historic Flux (km 3 ice/year)I. Rinks * Outlets fed by the Northeast Greenland Ice StreamRinks, measured in 2000). Figure 3.1: Steady-state (A) topography (m) and (C) ice
Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne
Grounding-line migration in plan-view marine ice-sheet models: results of the ice2sea MISMIP3d intercomparison
models (SSA, A�HySSA) produce larger ice sheets than modelsplan-view ice-sheet models they produce different results.the Antarctic ice sheet should at least produce grounding-
Global Simulations of Ice nucleation and Ice Supersaturation with an Improved Cloud Scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model
A process-based treatment of ice supersaturation and ice-nucleation is implemented in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). The new scheme is designed to allow (1) supersaturation with respect to ice, (2) ice nucleation by aerosol particles and (3) ice cloud cover consistent with ice microphysics. The scheme is implemented with a 4-class 2 moment microphysics code and is used to evaluate ice cloud nucleation mechanisms and supersaturation in CAM. The new model is able to reproduce field observations of ice mass and mixed phase cloud occurrence better than previous versions of the model. Simulations indicate heterogeneous freezing and contact nucleation on dust are both potentially important over remote areas of the Arctic. Cloud forcing and hence climate is sensitive to different formulations of the ice microphysics. Arctic radiative fluxes are sensitive to the parameterization of ice clouds. These results indicate that ice clouds are potentially an important part of understanding cloud forcing and potential cloud feedbacks, particularly in the Arctic.
Gettelman, A.; Liu, Xiaohong; Ghan, Steven J.; Morrison, H.; Park, Sungsu; Conley, Andrew; Klein, Stephen A.; Boyle, James; Mitchell, David; Li, J-L F.
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for water + 2-aminoethanol + dimethyl sulfoxide and its constituent three binary systems
Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria were measured for the ternary system water + 2-aminoethanol + dimethyl sulfoxide and its three constituent binary mixtures at 363.15 K. The apparatus used was a modified Rogalski-Malanoski equilibrium still. The experimental binary data were correlated by the NRTL equation. The ternary system was predicted using the binary NRTL parameters with good accuracy.
Tochigi, Katsumi; Akimoto, Kentarou; Ochi, Kenji [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry] [Nihon Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Industrial Chemistry; Liu, Fangyhi; Kawase, Yasuhito [Nippon Refine Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Nippon Refine Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
The effect of non-isothermality on the gravitational collapse of spherical clouds and the evolution of protostellar accretion
We investigate the role of non-isothermality in gravitational collapse and protostellar accretion by explicitly including the effects of molecular radiative cooling, gas-dust energy transfer, and cosmic ray heating in models of spherical hydrodynamic collapse. Isothermal models have previously shown an initial decline in the mass accretion rate \\dot{M}, due to a gradient of infall speed that develops in the prestellar phase. Our results show that: (1) in the idealized limit of optically thin cooling, a positive temperature gradient is present in the prestellar phase which effectively cancels out the effect of the velocity gradient, producing a near constant \\dot{M} in the early accretion phase; (2) in the more realistic case including cooling saturation at higher densities, \\dot{M} may initially be either weakly increasing or weakly decreasing with time, for low (T_d ~ 6 K) and high dust temperature (T_d ~ 10 K) cases, respectively. Hence, our results show that the initial decline in \\dot{M} seen in isothermal models is definitely not enhanced by non-isothermal effects, and is often suppressed by them. In all our models, \\dot{M} does eventually decline rapidly due to the finite mass condition on our cores and a resulting inward propagating rarefaction wave. Thus, any explanation for a rapid decline of $\\dot{M}$ in the accretion phase likely needs to appeal to the global molecular cloud structure and possible envelope support, which results in a finite mass reservoir for cores.
E. I. Vorobyov; Shantanu Basu
Near Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage Approach For Off-Shore Wind Energy using an Open Accumulator
Near Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage Approach For Off-Shore Wind Energy using an Open · Increase capacity factor Approach: · Store energy in high-pressure (300bar) compressed air vessel · High Air Energy Storage Approach For Off-Shore Wind Energy using an Open Accumulator Contact: Prof. Perry
Li, Perry Y.
A single-phase, non-isothermal model for PEM fuel cells Hyunchul Ju, Hua Meng, Chao-Yang Wang *
A single-phase, non-isothermal model for PEM fuel cells Hyunchul Ju, Hua Meng, Chao-Yang Wang October 2004 Available online 8 December 2004 Abstract A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell produces a comprehensive study of thermal and water management in PEM fuel cells. Numerical simulations reveal
Determination of the Nonlethal Margin Inside the Visible 'Ice-Ball' During Percutaneous Cryoablation of Renal Tissue
Objective. The study was designed to determine the distance between the visible 'ice-ball' and the lethal temperature isotherm for normal renal tissue during cryoablation. Methods. The Animal Care Committee approved the study. Nine adult swine were used: three to determine the optimum tissue stain and six to test the hypotheses. They were anesthetized and the left renal artery was catheterized under fluoroscopy. Under MR guidance, the kidney was ablated and (at end of a complete ablation) the nonfrozen renal tissue (surrounding the 'ice-ball') was stained via renal artery catheter. Kidneys were explanted and sent for slide preparation and examination. From each slide, we measured the maximum, minimum, and an in-between distance from the stained to the lethal tissue boundaries (margin). We examined each slide for evidence of 'heat pump' effect. Results. A total of 126 measurements of the margin (visible 'ice-ball'-lethal margin) were made. These measurements were obtained from 29 slides prepared from the 6 test animals. Mean width was 0.75 {+-} 0.44 mm (maximum 1.15 {+-} 0.51 mm). It was found to increase adjacent to large blood vessels. No 'heat pump' effect was noted within the lethal zone. Data are limited to normal swine renal tissue. Conclusions. Considering the effects of the 'heat pump' phenomenon for normal renal tissue, the margin was measured to be 1.15 {+-} 0.51 mm. To approximate the efficacy of the 'gold standard' (partial nephrectomy, {approx}98 %), a minimum margin of 3 mm is recommended (3 Multiplication-Sign SD). Given these assumptions and extrapolating for renal cancer, which reportedly is more cryoresistant with a lethal temperature of -40 Degree-Sign C, the recommended margin is 6 mm.
Georgiades, Christos, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Johns Hopkins University, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Interventional Radiology Center (United States); Rodriguez, Ronald, E-mail: email@example.com [Johns Hopkins University, Department of Urology (United States); Azene, Ezana, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Weiss, Clifford, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Johns Hopkins University, Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Interventional Radiology Center (United States); Chaux, Alcides, E-mail: email@example.com; Gonzalez-Roibon, Nilda, E-mail: email@example.com; Netto, George, E-mail: email@example.com [Johns Hopkins University, Department of Urologic Pathology (United States)
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CO2 Formation in Interstellar Ices
CO2 ice is one of the most abundant components in ice-coated interstellar ices besides H2O and CO, but the most favorable path to CO2 ice is still unclear. Molecular dynamics calculations on the ultraviolet photodissociation of different kinds of CO-H2O ice systems have been performed at 10 K in order to demonstrate that the reaction between CO and an OH molecule resulting from H2O photodissociation through the first excited state is a possible route to form CO2 ice. However, our calculations, which take into account different ice surface models, suggest that there is another product with a higher formation probability ((3.00+-0.07)x10-2), which is the HOCO complex, whereas the formation of CO2 has a probability of only (3.6+-0.7)x10-4. The initial location of the CO is key to obtain reaction and form CO2: the CO needs to be located deep into the ice. The HOCO complex becomes trapped in the cold ice surface in the trans-HOCO minimum because it quickly loses its internal energy to the surrounding ice, preventi...
Arasa, Carina; van Dishoeck, Ewine F; Kroes, Geert-Jan
Searching for sterile neutrinos in ice
Oscillation interpretation of the results from the LSND, MiniBooNE and some other experiments requires existence of sterile neutrino with mass $\\sim 1$ eV and mixing with the active neutrinos $|U_{\\mu 0}|^2 \\sim (0.02 - 0.04)$. It has been realized some time ago that existence of such a neutrino affects significantly the fluxes of atmospheric neutrinos in the TeV range which can be tested by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In view of the first IceCube data release we have revisited the oscillations of high energy atmospheric neutrinos in the presence of one sterile neutrino. Properties of the oscillation probabilities are studied in details for various mixing schemes both analytically and numerically. The energy spectra and angular distributions of the $\
Soebur Razzaque; A. Yu. Smirnov
Large Scale Ice Water Path and 3-D Ice Water Content
Cloud ice water concentration is one of the most important, yet poorly observed, cloud properties. Developing physical parameterizations used in general circulation models through single-column modeling is one of the key foci of the ARM program. In addition to the vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor and condensed water at the model grids, large-scale horizontal advective tendencies of these variables are also required as forcing terms in the single-column models. Observed horizontal advection of condensed water has not been available because the radar/lidar/radiometer observations at the ARM site are single-point measurement, therefore, do not provide horizontal distribution of condensed water. The intention of this product is to provide large-scale distribution of cloud ice water by merging available surface and satellite measurements. The satellite cloud ice water algorithm uses ARM ground-based measurements as baseline, produces datasets for 3-D cloud ice water distributions in a 10 deg x 10 deg area near ARM site. The approach of the study is to expand a (surface) point measurement to an (satellite) areal measurement. That is, this study takes the advantage of the high quality cloud measurements at the point of ARM site. We use the cloud characteristics derived from the point measurement to guide/constrain satellite retrieval, then use the satellite algorithm to derive the cloud ice water distributions within an area, i.e., 10 deg x 10 deg centered at ARM site.
Liu, Guosheng
On water ice formation in interstellar clouds
A model is proposed for the formation of water ice mantles on grains in interstellar clouds. This occurs by direct accretion of monomers from the gas, be they formed by gas or surface reactions. The model predicts the existence of a threshold in interstellar light extinction, A(v), which is mainly determined by the adsorption energy of water molecules on the grain material; for hydrocarbon material, chemical simulation places this energy between 0.5 and 2 kcal/mole, which sets the visible exctinction threshold at a few magnitudes, as observed. Once the threshold is crossed, all available water molecules in the gas are quickly adsorbed, forming an ice mantle, because the grain cools down and the adsorption energy on ice is higher than on bare grain. The model also predicts that the thickness of the mantle, and, hence, the optical thickness at 3 mu, grow linearly with A(v), as observed, with a slope which depends upon the total amount of water in the gas. Chemical simulation was also used to determine the adsorption sites and energies of O and OH on hydrocarbons, and study the dynamics of formation of water molecules by surface reactions with gaseous H atoms, as well as their chances of sticking in situ.
Renaud Papoular
Rate of decrease of the specific surface area of dry snow: Isothermal and temperature gradient conditions
crystals. These effects drive sublimation/condensation cycles that modify the sizes and shapes of snow through sublimation/condensation and adsorption/desorption cycles. Adsorbed gases can diffuse inside snow variations must be described in models of snow physics and chemistry [Flin et al., 2003; Legagneux and Domine
Domine, Florent
A radio air shower surface detector as an extension for IceCube and IceTop
The IceCube neutrino detector is built into the Antarctic ice sheet at the South Pole to measure high energy neutrinos. For this, 4800 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are being deployed at depths between 1450 and 2450 meters into the ice to measure neutrino induced charged particles like muons. IceTop is a surface air shower detector consisting of 160 Cherenkov ice tanks located on top of IceCube. To extend IceTop, a radio air shower detector could be built to significantly increase the sensitivity at higher shower energies and for inclined showers. As air showers induced by cosmic rays are a major part of the muonic background in IceCube, IceTop is not only an air shower detector, but also a veto to reduce the background in IceCube. Air showers are detectable by radio signals with a radio surface detector. The major emission process is the coherent synchrotron radiation emitted by e+ e- shower particles in the Earths magnetic field (geosynchrotron effect). Simulations of the expected radio signals of air showers are shown. The sensitivity and the energy threshold of different antenna field configurations are estimated.
J. Auffenberg; T. Gaisser; K. Helbing; T. Huege; T. Karg; A. Karle
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region Aixue Hu National Center of the net sea ice production and the sea ice exchanges between the Arctic and its adjacent seas are studied) is the major factor controlling the net sea ice production in the Arctic region since a thinning ice cover
Hu, Aixue
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS,
Cooling Phase 3.2.2 Ice Formation and Breakup Phases 3.2.3 The Ice Cycle on Lake Superior 3.2.4 The IceNOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-20 SUMMARY OF GREAT LAKES WEATHER AND ICE CONDITIONS, WINTER of this NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories publication. ii #12;LANDSAT fake color image of ice cover
Polar Sea Ice Mapping Using SeaWinds Data Hyrum S. Anderson and David G. Long
Polar Sea Ice Mapping Using SeaWinds Data Hyrum S. Anderson and David G. Long Brigham Young for mapping polar sea ice extent. In this study, a new al- gorithm for polar sea ice mapping is developed of Bayes detection to produce sea ice extent maps. Statistical models for sea ice and ocean are represented
ORIGINAL PAPER Sedimentary pellets as an ice-cover proxy in a High Arctic
ORIGINAL PAPER Sedimentary pellets as an ice-cover proxy in a High Arctic ice-covered lake Jessica-cover extent and dynamics on this perennially ice-covered, High Arctic lake. These pellets are interpreted growth. The pellets remain frozen in the ice until a summer or series of summers with reduced ice cover
Vincent, Warwick F.
HiRISE observations of new impact craters exposing Martian ground ice
ice rather than ice-cemented regolith. Although some clean ice may be produced by the impact processHiRISE observations of new impact craters exposing Martian ground ice Colin M. Dundas1 , Shane craters or clusters have been observed to excavate bright material inferred to be ice at mid
Byrne, Shane
A model of the threedimensional evolution of Arctic melt ponds on firstyear and multiyear sea ice
ice. In the summer the upper layers of sea ice and snow melts producing meltwater that accumulatesA model of the threedimensional evolution of Arctic melt ponds on firstyear and multiyear sea ice F in Arctic melt ponds on the surface of sea ice. An accurate estimate of the fraction of the sea ice surface
Holocene-Late Pleistocene Climatic Ice Core Records from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
for affecting large-scale climate. In 1987, three ice cores were recovered to bedrock from the Dunde ice cap. XIE Three ice cores to bedrock from the Dunde ice cap on the north-central Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau of ago. T HE DUNDE ICE CAP (38�06'N, 96�24'E) is located in a desert envi- ronment between the highest
Howat, Ian M.
XXII ICTAM, 2529 August 2008, Adelaide, Australia EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL MODELLING OF ICE SHEETSHELF GROUNDING
melting of the polar ice caps due to global warming, a dynamical collapse of the ice sheets has the dynamical stability of shelving ice sheets. INTRODUCTION The Antarctic ice cap contains several tensXXII ICTAM, 25�29 August 2008, Adelaide, Australia EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL MODELLING OF ICE
Melting of small Arctic ice caps observed from ERS scatterometer time series
Melting of small Arctic ice caps observed from ERS scatterometer time series Laurence C. Smith,1 of melt onset can be observed over small ice caps, as well as the major ice sheets and multi-year sea ice for 14 small Arctic ice caps from 1992�2000. Interannual and regional variability in the timing of melt
Smith, Laurence C.
Classification of Annual Great Lakes Ice Cycles: Winters of 19732002* RAYMOND A. ASSEL
Classification of Annual Great Lakes Ice Cycles: Winters of 1973�2002* RAYMOND A. ASSEL National (Manuscript received 12 July 2004, in final form 13 June 2005) ABSTRACT Annual seasonal average ice cover from 1973 to 2002 and associated dates of first ice, last ice, and ice duration are presented and discussed
MCM LTER METADATA FILE TITLE: Lake ice thickness in the McMurdo Dry Valleys
MCM LTER METADATA FILE TITLE: Lake ice thickness in the McMurdo Dry Valleys ABSTRACT: Ice thickness was measured from the bottom of the ice cover to the piezometric water level and to the top of the ice cover-2360 email@example.com VARIABLES: Location Name, Location Code, Limno Run, Collection Date, z-water, z-ice, z
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-48 LAKE ERIE REGIONAL ICE COVER ANALYSIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL GLERL-48 LAKE ERIE REGIONAL ICE COVER ANALYSIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS R.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Observation density Average regional ice cover Percentage exceedance from average regional ice cover for discrete ice cover values Contour analysis of percentage ice cover exceedance
Frequency doubling crystals
A systematic approach to the production of frequency conversion crystals is described in which a chiral molecule has attached to it a "harmonic generating unit" which contributes to the noncentrosymmetry of the molecule. Certain preferred embodiments of such harmonic generating units include carboxylate, guanadyly and imidazolyl units. Certain preferred crystals include L-arginine fluoride, deuterated L-arginine fluoride, L-arginine chloride monohydrate, L-arginine acetate, dithallium tartrate, ammonium N-acetyl valine, N-acetyl tyrosine and N-acetyl hydroxyproline. Chemical modifications of the chiral molecule, such as deuteration, halogenation and controlled counterion substitution are available to adapt the dispersive properties of a crystal in a particular wavelength region.
Wang, Francis (Danville, CA); Velsko, Stephan P. (Livermore, CA)
IceCube Project Monthly Report August 2005
IceCube Project Monthly Report August 2005 Accomplishments All of the DOMs installed at the South additional emphasis on training and procedures. The training program for IceCube personnel scheduled to work-05 S-05 O-05 N-05 D-05 J-06 F-06 M-06 3&4 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 IceCube Project Baseline
Demazure Crystals, Kirillov-Reshetikhin Crystals, and the Energy Function
It has previously been shown that, at least for non-exceptional Kac-Moody Lie algebras, there is a close connection between Demazure crystals and tensor products of Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystals. In particular, certain ...
Schilling, Anne
arctic ice islands: Topics by E-print Network
analogous to the effects of the Arctic region; KEYWORDS: Arctic Ocean, ice rafting, climate change Citation: Darby, D. A., and J. F. Bischof (2004), A Holocene record of...
Covered Product Category: Air-Cooled Ice Machines
The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) provides acquisition guidance for air-cooled ice machines, which are covered by the ENERGY STAR program.
Optimal Control of Harvesting Ice Thermal Storage Systems
for optimal control of a harvesting ice storage system. A simplified procedure is used to develop 24 hour load data. Example installations will be shown....
Heterogeneous ice nucleation and water uptake by field-collected...
properties through heterogeneous nucleation is not well understood. Heterogeneous ice nucleation and water uptake by ambient particles collected from urban environments in...
Artificial Spin Ice - A New Playground to Better Understand Magnetism...
Office of Science (SC) Website
Artificial Spin Ice - A New Playground to Better Understand Magnetism Basic Energy Sciences (BES) BES Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BES Funding...
arctic sea ice: Topics by E-print Network
AD of transient model simulations and a new type of sen- sitivity experiments with artificial sea ice growth Born, Andreas 388 Sedimentation and particle dynamics in the...
arctic ice dynamics: Topics by E-print Network
W. F. Vincent (2008), Seasonal dynamics of bacterial Vincent, Warwick F. 168 Dynamics of artificial spin ice: a continuous honeycomb network MIT - DSpace Summary: We model the...
Sandia National Laboratories: Ice-Sheet Simulation Code Matures...
and Antarctic Ice Sheets, with particular attention to their contributions to global sea-level rise. Our recent highlight is the successful completion of a controlled mesh...
Reducing uncertainty in high-resolution sea ice models.
Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system, reflecting a significant amount of solar radiation, insulating the ocean from the atmosphere and influencing ocean circulation by modifying the salinity of the upper ocean. The thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice have shown a significant decline in recent decades with implications for global climate as well as regional geopolitics. Increasing interest in exploration as well as climate feedback effects make predictive mathematical modeling of sea ice a task of tremendous practical import. Satellite data obtained over the last few decades have provided a wealth of information on sea ice motion and deformation. The data clearly show that ice deformation is focused along narrow linear features and this type of deformation is not well-represented in existing models. To improve sea ice dynamics we have incorporated an anisotropic rheology into the Los Alamos National Laboratory global sea ice model, CICE. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA) to determine the impact of material parameters on sea ice response functions. Two material strength parameters that exhibited the most significant impact on responses were further analyzed to evaluate their influence on quantitative comparisons between model output and data. The sensitivity analysis along with ten year model runs indicate that while the anisotropic rheology provides some benefit in velocity predictions, additional improvements are required to make this material model a viable alternative for global sea ice simulations.
Peterson, Kara J.; Bochev, Pavel Blagoveston
Isothermal oxidation behavior of ternary Zr-Nb-Y alloys at high temperature
The effect of yttrium content on isothermal oxidation behavior of Zr-2,5%Nb-0,5%Y, Zr-2,5%Nb-1%Y Zr-2,5%Nb-1,5%Y alloy at high temperature has been studied. High temperature oxidation carried out at tube furnace in air at 600,700 and 800�C for 1 hour. Optical microscope is used for microstructure characterization of the alloy. Oxidized and un oxidized specimen was characterized by x-ray diffraction. In this study, kinetic oxidation of Zr-2,5%Nb with different Y content at high temperature has also been studied. Characterization by optical microscope showed that microstructure of Zr-Nb-Y alloys relatively unchanged and showed equiaxed microstructure. X-ray diffraction of the alloys depicted that the oxide scale formed during oxidation of zirconium alloys is monoclinic ZrO2 while unoxidised alloy showed two phase ? and ? phase. SEM-EDS examination shows that depletion of Zr composition took place under the oxide layer. Kinetic rate of oxidation of zirconium alloy showed that increasing oxidation temperature will increase oxidation rate but increasing yttrium content in the alloys will decrease oxidation rate.
Prajitno, Djoko Hadi, E-mail: email@example.com [Research Center for Nuclear Materials and Radiometry, Jl. Tamansari 71, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Soepriyanto, Syoni; Basuki, Eddy Agus [Metallurgy Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Wiryolukito, Slameto [Materials Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)
The Fractal Density Structure in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence: Solenoidal versus Compressive Energy Injection
In a systematic study, we compare the density statistics in high resolution numerical experiments of supersonic isothermal turbulence, driven by the usually adopted solenoidal (divergence-free) forcing and by compressive (curl-free) forcing. We find that for the same rms Mach number, compressive forcing produces much stronger density enhancements and larger voids compared to solenoidal forcing. Consequently, the Fourier spectra of density fluctuations are significantly steeper. This result is confirmed using the Delta-variance analysis, which yields power-law exponents beta~3.4 for compressive forcing and beta~2.8 for solenoidal forcing. We obtain fractal dimension estimates from the density spectra and Delta-variance scaling, and by using the box counting, mass size and perimeter area methods applied to the volumetric data, projections and slices of our turbulent density fields. Our results suggest that compressive forcing yields fractal dimensions significantly smaller compared to solenoidal forcing. However, the actual values depend sensitively on the adopted method, with the most reliable estimates based on the Delta-variance, or equivalently, on Fourier spectra. Using these methods, we obtain D~2.3 for compressive and D~2.6 for solenoidal forcing, which is within the range of fractal dimension estimates inferred from observations (D~2.0-2.7). The velocity dispersion to size relations for both solenoidal and compressive forcing obtained from velocity spectra follow a power law with exponents in the range 0.4-0.5, in good agreement with previous studies.
Christoph Federrath; Ralf S. Klessen; Wolfram Schmidt
Single-strand DNA translation initiation step analyzed by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
Is single-strand DNA translatable? Since the 60s, the question still remains whether or not DNA could be directly translated into protein. Some discrepancies in the results were reported about functional translation of single-strand DNA but all results converged on a similar behavior of RNA and ssDNA in the initiation step. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry method was used to determine thermodynamic constants of interaction between single-strand DNA and S30 extract of Escherichia coli. Our results showed that the binding was not affected by the nature of the template tested and the dissociation constants were in the same range when ssDNA (K{sub d} = 3.62 {+-} 2.1 x 10{sup -8} M) or the RNA corresponding sequence (K{sub d} = 2.7 {+-} 0.82 x 10{sup -8} M) bearing SD/ATG sequences were used. The binding specificity was confirmed by antibiotic interferences which block the initiation complex formation. These results suggest that the limiting step in translation of ssDNA is the elongation process.
Damian, Luminita, E-mail: email@example.com [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France) [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Universite de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse (France); IUB, School of Engineering and Science, D-28727 Bremen (Germany); Marty-Detraves, Claire, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France) [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Universite de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Winterhalter, Mathias [IUB, School of Engineering and Science, D-28727 Bremen (Germany)] [IUB, School of Engineering and Science, D-28727 Bremen (Germany); Fournier, Didier, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France) [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Universite de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Paquereau, Laurent, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France) [CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse (France); Universite de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse (France)
Trap Activation Energy and Transport Parameters of HgI$_2$ Crystals for Bubble-Plasma Diagnostics
In recent data on neutron induced acoustic cavitation in deuterium--containing liquids obtained by neutron measurements it was shown that very high temperatures could arise in some special cases. To study temperature of so--called bubble plasma it is desirable to have micro--detectors of X-rays, which can be prepared on the basis of room--temperature semiconductor detectors, in particular on mercuric iodide ($\\alpha$--HgI$_2$) crystals. Having in view this aim, the properties of gel--grown ($\\alpha$--HgI$_2$) crystals was studied by means of isothermal currents, and trap parameters was estimated. Results are promising for special aim of preparing X-ray detectors with moderate energy resolution needed in bubble--plasma diagnostic, though improving of crystal growing technology is necessary. {\\it PACS:} 29.40.Wk; 52.70.La {\\it Keywords:} X-ray and gamma--ray measurements; semiconductor detectors; mercuric iodide; plasma diagnostics; cavitation
M. B. Miller; V. F. Kushniruk; A. V. Sermyagin
Controlled crystallization and properties of zirconium fluoride-based glass-ceramics
51ZrF{sub 4}{center_dot}16BaF{sub 2}{center_dot}5LaF{sub 3}{center_dot}20LiF{center_dot}5PbF{sub 2} glasses were prepared with CdF{sub 2} additions of 0, 2, 5, and 7.5 mol%. The glasses with 2 and 5 mol% exhibited controllable nucleation upon heat treatment above the glass transformation temperature. The nucleation and crystallization of glasses with 5 mol% CdF{sub 2} were characterized using bulk heat treatments, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The isothermal crystallization of nucleated glasses resulted in the formation of a glass-ceramic that was transparent in the infrared (>70% transmission) and more resistant to fracture than typical fluoride glasses.
Jewell, J.M.; Friebele, E.J.; Aggarwal, I.D. [Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC (United States). Optical Sciences Div.
Ice stream basal conditions from block-wise surface data inversion and simple regression models of ice stream flow: Application to
Ice stream basal conditions from block-wise surface data inversion and simple regression models of ice stream flow: Application to Bindschadler Ice Stream O. V. Sergienko,1 R. A. Bindschadler,2 P. L; published 4 December 2008. [1] Widespread basal conditions controlling ice stream flows are still beyond
Boyce, C. Kevin
Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New Zealand, 2nd6th December 2002
Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New OF DETERMINING A GEOPHYSICAL-SCALE SEA ICE RHEOLOGY FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS Daniel Feltham1 and Peter Sammonds2 and Daniel Hatton2 ABSTRACT We present a methodology that allows a sea ice rheology, suitable
ICE IGERT Mission The mission of the ICE IGERT program is to exploit the synergistic interface between engineering and the life sciences to enable
1 ICE IGERT Mission The mission of the ICE IGERT program is to exploit the synergistic interface foundation for future interdisciplinary research success. ICE IGERT Curriculum Structure (minimum of 19 credits) ICE IGERT promotes broad-based graduate training in cellular engineering through the following
Mountziaris, T. J.
Integrated tephrochronology of the West Antarctic region-Implications for a potential tephra record in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core
(tephra) and aerosols , produced during major explosive eruptions. Tephra layers in ice cores can provide record in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core N.W. Dunbar,1 W.C. McIntosh,1 A.V. firstname.lastname@example.com) Ice cores from polar regions, in addition to being a climate archives, also capture volcanic particles
Dunbar, Nelia W.
A new ice thickness and bedrock data set for the Greenland ice sheet. R.L. Layberry, J.L. Bamber,
combined with data collected by the Technical University of Denmark in the 1970's to produce a new iceA new ice thickness and bedrock data set for the Greenland ice sheet. R.L. Layberry, J.L. Bamber of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, 785/864-2700, U.S. Abstract - Ice thickness data collected between 1993
Kansas, University of
E-Print Network 3.0 - aircraft icing training Sample Search Results
Summary: effects on aircraft performance. Although anti-icing devices such as de-icing boots and heating strips... help, ice accretions can still build up and affect the aircraft...
E-Print Network 3.0 - aircraft icing nowcasting Sample Search...
Web-Ice: Integrated Data Collection and Analysis for Macromolecular Crystallography
results. A summary list is also available in Blu-Ice.Figure 7: SSRL Web-Ice interface displaying the summarizedTable 1: Programs used by Web-Ice for data analysis. Program
Gonzalez, Ana
Fractionation of Dissolved Solutes and Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter During Experimental Sea Ice Formation.
In the past decade there has been an overall decrease in Arctic Ocean sea ice cover. Changes to the ice cover have important consequences for organic carbon cycling, especially over the continental shelves. When sea ice is formed, dissolved organic...
Smith, Stephanie 1990-
The influence of subglacial hydrology on the flow of West Antarctic ice streams
Subglacial hydrology is known to influence the flow of ice. However, difficulty in accessing the base of large ice sheets has made determining the interaction between ice streams, basal sediment and water difficult to discern. The aim of this thesis...
Baker, Narelle Paula Marie
E-Print Network 3.0 - antarctic peninsula ice Sample Search Results
glacier ice loss following ice shelf July 25, 2011 Summary: of further ice loss and sea level rise likely to result from ongoing changes along the Antarctic Peninsula... glaciers...
E-Print Network 3.0 - antarctic sea ice Sample Search Results
glacier ice loss following ice shelf July 25, 2011 Summary: of further ice loss and sea level rise likely to result from ongoing changes along the Antarctic Peninsula... multiple...
ice at the base of the ice shelf could produce a thicknessthat may produce larger amounts of marine ice near one riftice shelf com- bined with large Antarctic storm systems can produce
About International Cruise & Excursions International Cruise & Excursions, Inc. (ICE) is a worldwide travel and
About International Cruise & Excursions International Cruise & Excursions, Inc. (ICE corporations, resorts, cruise lines and leisure travel providers. ICE provides cruise and travel programs-commerce platform, state of the art call centers and customer service and fulfillment operations. Situation ICE
Fisher, Kathleen
APPROVED ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONERS Revised as of 06-18-2008
APPROVED ICE STORAGE AIR CONDITIONERS Revised as of 06-18-2008 The following vendors and their ice storage air conditioners models can be used in the ice storage air conditioner compliance option. Input
Modeling the evolution of polar ice sheets: Ice sheet system model workshop; Bergen, Norway, 2-4 June 2014
Model Workshop; Bergen, Norway, 2?4 June 2014 The Ice SheetUniversity of Bergen in Norway, in June 2014. This is the
Larour, E; Schlegel, N; Morlighem, M
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. ???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, Frazil Deposition Under Growing Sea Ice
Ice M.J. McGuinness,1,4 M.J.M. Williams,2 P.J. Langhorne,3 C. Purdie,3 J. Crook4 Abstract. Platelet ice may be an important component of Antarctic land-fast sea ice. Typically, it is found at depth in first-year landfast sea ice cover, near ice shelves. To explain why platelet ice is not commonly
McGuinness, Mark
The Use of Oxygen Gradients as a Texturing Mechanism During Isothermal Melt Processing of Bi-2212 Superconductors
Isothermal melt processing has been used to produce high critical currents (I{sub c}`s) and current densities (J{sub c}`s) in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} round wires and flat tapes. I{sub c}`s and J{sub c}`s of 225 A and 80 kA/cm{sup 2} have been obtained in short length, monocore wires. However, voids and other macroscopic defects have limited performance over longer lengths. Isothermally melt processed tapes have yielded I{sub c} and J{sub c} values up to 341 A and 245 kA/cm{sup 2}, although performance over longer lengths is somewhat reduced. A test coil made from 0.5 m of tape yielded, I{sub c} and J{sub c} values of 208 A and 153 kA/cm{sup 2}, respectively.
Holesinger, T.G.; Hults, W.L.; Smith, J.L. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Dai, Weiming; Marken, K.R. [Oxford Instruments Inc., Carteret, NJ (United States)
Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling (COSIM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-Series to User Group and Userof aChristinaCliff joinsClimate, Ocean and Sea Ice
Ice Heating Up Cold Clouds | EMSL
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation ProposedUsingFun withconfinementEtching. | EMSLtheIndustry | Department ofT.Ian SmithIce
Automatic Commercial Ice Makers | Department of Energy
Energy Savers [EERE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious RankCombustionImprovement3--Logistical5/08 Attendance List1-02Evaluation Report(AO)Automatic Commercial Ice
Sandia National Laboratories: critical marginal ice zone
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1development Sandia, NREL Releasehy-drogenmaterialcraftsmanshipmarginal ice zone NASA
Silicon crystal growing by oscillating crucible technique
A process for growing silicon crystals from a molten melt comprising oscillating the container during crystal growth is disclosed.
Schwuttke, G.H.; Kim, K.M.; Smetana, P.
A study of carbon-14 of paleoatmospheric methane for the last glacial termination from ancient glacial ice
radiocarbon in Law Dome ice and firn. Nuclear Instruments &radiocarbon in Law Dome ice and firn. Nuclear Instruments &
Petrenko, Vasilii Victorovich
Light Scattering by Ice Crystals and Mineral Dust Aerosols in the Atmosphere
and Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 C. Organization of the Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 II FORMAL SOLUTION OF SCATTERING : : : : : : : : : : : : 14 A. Maxwell Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 B. Dyadic... for hexagonal particles. The direction of the in- cident light is aligned with the axis of six-fold symmetry. The refractive index is 1.3+i1.0. The lower panel shows the relative di erences between the results from the SIM and the VIM and that from the ADDA...
Bi, Lei
Validation and determination of ice water content-radar reflectivity relationships during CRYSTAL-
an empirical IWC-radar relflectivity Ze relationship. The comparisons show that for measurements of in situ IWC and remotely measured radar reflectivity, collocated within 2 km of each other, a single IWC-Ze relationship this level of uncertainty to be consistent with sampling errors associated with comparing two measurements
Hydration of the lower stratosphere by ice crystal geysers over land convective systems
The possible impact of deep convective overshooting over land has been explored by six simultaneous soundings of water vapour, particles and ozone in the lower stratosphere next to Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) during ...
Khaykin, S.
Prediction of Ice Crystal Number in Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3.0)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 - SeptemberMicroneedles for medical point ofPowerSaverPredicting The
Microsoft PowerPoint - 6_Zhao_ice crystals.ppt
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment Surfaces andMapping theEnergyInnovationMichaelGE1Plan
High-Latitude Ocean and Sea Ice Surface Fluxes: Challenges for Climate Research
longwave (LW) radiation emitted from the land, ocean, ice,radiation forcing data sets for large-scale sea ice models in the Southern Ocean.
E-Print Network 3.0 - antarctic ice properties Sample Search...
and physical properties pre- served within the permanent ice... is expected to produce a long history, possibly ICE CORE PALEOCLIMATE HISTORIES FROM THE ANTARCTIC...
Adsorption Isotherms for Xenon and Krypton using INL HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN Sorbents
The generation of adsorption isotherms compliments the scale-up of off-gas processes used to control the emission of encapsulated radioactive volatile fission and activation products released during Used Nuclear Fuel (UNF) reprocessing activities. A series of experiments were conducted to obtain capacity results for varying Kr and Xe gas concentrations using HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN engineered form sorbents. Gas compositions for Kr ranged from 150-40,000 ppmv and 250-5020 ppmv for Xe in a helium balance. The experiments were all performed at 220 K at a flowrate of 50 sccm. Acquired capacities were then respectively fit to the Langmuir equation using the Langmuir linear regression method to obtain the equilibrium parameters Qmax and Keq. Generated experimental adsorption isotherms were then plotted with the Langmuir predicted isotherms to illustrate agreement between the two. The Langmuir parameters were provided for input into the OSPREY model to predict breakthrough of single component adsorption of Kr and Xe on HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN sorbents at the experimental conditions tested. Kr and Xe capacities resulting from model breakthrough predictions were then compared to experimental capacities for model validation.
Troy G. Garn; Mitchell Greenhalgh; Veronica J. Rutledge; Jack D. Law
We study numerically the collapse of rotating, magnetized molecular cloud cores, focusing on rotation and magnetic braking during the main accretion phase of isolated star formation. Motivated by previous numerical work and analytic considerations, we idealize the pre-collapse core as a magnetized singular isothermal toroid, with a constant rotational speed everywhere. The collapse starts from the center, and propagates outwards in an inside-out fashion, satisfying exact self-similarity in space and time. For rotation rates and field strengths typical of dense low-mass cores, the main feature remains the flattening of the mass distribution along field lines -- the formation of a pseudodisk, as in the nonrotating cases. The density distribution of the pseudodisk is little affected by rotation. On the other hand, the rotation rate is strongly modified by pseudodisk formation. Most of the centrally accreted material reaches the vicinity of the protostar through the pseudodisk. The specific angular momentum can be greatly reduced on the way, by an order of magnitude or more, even when the pre-collapse field strength is substantially below the critical value for dominant cloud support. The efficient magnetic braking is due to the pinched geometry of the magnetic field in the pseudodisk, which strengthens the magnetic field and lengthens the level arm for braking. Both effects enhance the magnetic transport of angular momentum from inside to outside. The excess angular momentum is carried away in a low-speed outflow that has, despite claims made by other workers, little in common with observed bipolar molecular outflows. We discuss the implications of our calculations for the formation of true disks that are supported against gravity by rotation.
A. Allen; Z. Y. Li; F. H. Shu
Azimuth Variation in Microwave Backscatter over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Azimuth Variation in Microwave Backscatter over the Greenland Ice Sheet Ivan S. Ashcraft and David backscatter measurements are becoming an important tool for monitoring the dynamic behavior of the Greenland ice sheet. However, most Greenland studies assume constant backscatter for varying azimuth angles
IceCube Project Monthly Report -April 2010 Accomplishments
1 IceCube Project Monthly Report - April 2010 Accomplishments · The IceCube Software Water Drill equipment (http://www.icecube.wisc.edu/disposition/index.php) and the site was circulated at Uppsala University are using Deep Core DOMs as flashers and receivers for low-intensity flasher runs
Passive ice freezing-releasing heat pipe. [Patent application
Gorski, A.J.; Schertz, W.W.
Solvent Selection Use dry ice/isopropanol for cooling baths
Solvent Selection Use dry ice/isopropanol for cooling baths Reaches essentially the same temperature as dry ice/acetone (-77°C vs. -78°C), but the lower volatility of isopropanol minimizes vapor a closed-loop cooling system for condensers Closed-loop cooling systems eliminate wastewater and accidental
Chan, Hue Sun
Dynamical mechanism of antifreeze proteins to prevent ice growth
The fascinating ability of algae, insects and fishes to survive at temperatures below normal freezing is realized by antifreeze proteins (AFPs). These are surface-active molecules and interact with the diffusive water/ice interface thus preventing complete solidification. We propose a new dynamical mechanism on how these proteins inhibit the freezing of water. We apply a Ginzburg-Landau type approach to describe the phase separation in the two-component system (ice, AFP). The free energy density involves two fields: one for the ice phase with a low AFP concentration, and one for liquid water with a high AFP concentration. The time evolution of the ice reveals microstructures resulting from phase separation in the presence of AFPs. We observed a faster clustering of pre-ice structure connected to a locking of grain size by the action of AFP, which is an essentially dynamical process. The adsorption of additional water molecules is inhibited and the further growth of ice grains stopped. The interfacial energy between ice and water is lowered allowing the AFPs to form smaller critical ice nuclei. Similar to a hysteresis in magnetic materials we observe a thermodynamic hysteresis leading to a nonlinear density dependence of the freezing point depression in agreement with the experiments.
B. Kutschan; K. Morawetz; S. Thoms
IceCube Project Monthly Report September 2005
IceCube Project Monthly Report September 2005 Accomplishments All of the IceCube Digital Optical the long- term project goals of 90% first pass yield and 95% ultimate yield. The additional data handling at the Pole and one at McMurdo. The drilling procedures are nearing completion. A final review and sign
ENERGY BASED ICE COLLISION FORCES Claude Daley1
ENERGY BASED ICE COLLISION FORCES Claude Daley1 1 Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 3X5 ABSTRACT Ice collision forces can be determined by energy considerations. A variety of interaction geometry cases are considered. The indentation energy functions for eight different
Daley, Claude
1 ENERGY BASED ICE COLLISION FORCES Claude Daley1 1 Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 3X5 ABSTRACT Ice collision forces can be determined by energy considerations. A variety of interaction geometry cases are considered. The indentation energy functions for eight different
Arctic catastrophes in an idealized sea ice model Ian Eisenman
thermodynamics, varying open water fraction, an energy balance atmosphere, and scalable CO2. We find that summer.e., reflectiveness) between sea ice and the open water that is exposed when it melts. Bare or snow-covered sea ice reflects most sunlight back to space, while the dark ocean surface absorbs most incident light. Global
Eisenman, Ian
POLAR SEA-ICE CLASSIFICATION USING ENHANCED RESOLUTION NSCAT DATA Q. P. Remund and D. G. Long of the scatterometer image reconstruction with filter (SIRF) algorithm. SIRF produces images of A and B where A is U is shown to have high correlation with the NSIDC SSM/I derived multiyear ice maps. INTRODUCTION Polar sea
Cell Surface Display of Organophosphorus Hydrolase Using Ice Nucleation Protein
Cell Surface Display of Organophosphorus Hydrolase Using Ice Nucleation Protein Mark Shimazu on the ice nucleation protein (InaV) from Pseudomonas syringae INA5 was developed for cell surface display-level expression and superior stability. Introduction As the demand for agricultural produce increases, so
Chen, Wilfred
Ultrafast photochemistry of methyl hydroperoxide on ice particles
Ultrafast photochemistry of methyl hydroperoxide on ice particles M. A. Kambouresa , S. AOOH, on water clusters produces a surprisingly wide range of products on a subpicosecond time scale | photodissociation Photoinduced processes at surfaces of water or ice are of interest in atmospheric chemistry
Nizkorodov, Sergey
POLLEN DISPERSAL AND DEPOSITION ON THE QUELCCAYA ICE CAp, PERU
POLLEN DISPERSAL AND DEPOSITION ON THE QUELCCAYA ICE CAp, PERU Carl A. Reese and Kam-biu Liu: The relatively young science of tropical ice-core palynology has proven effective in the study of paleoenvironments by its ability to produce long-term and high- resolution paleoclimatic data. However, no studies
Liu, Kam-biu
Has the ice man arrived? Tact on the Internet
Has the ice man arrived? Tact on the Internet Jonathan Grudin, UC Irvine and Microsoft Research. Eugene O'Neill's play The Ice Man Cometh outlines a series of calamities that occur when his characters the graded corrections via e- mail. The students produced a counter- proposal: After grading an exercise
Hearst, Marti
Sea Ice Enhancements to Polar WRF* Keith M. Hines1**
covering Europe and the Arctic Ocean demonstrate remote impacts of Arctic sea ice thickness on18 midSea Ice Enhancements to Polar WRF* Keith M. Hines1** , David H. Bromwich,1,2 , Lesheng Bai1 model (Polar WRF), a polar-optimized version of2 WRF, is developed by and available to the community
IceCube Project Monthly Report -June 2010 Accomplishments
(April 29-30) and an ice drilling technology meeting (April 27-28). Cost and Schedule Performance Service Corporation and New York Air National Guard FY10 on-ice fuel and labor cost savings. Contingency. $125K WBS 1.2 Implementation Additional UW & PSL Labor to replace and refurbish drill hardware. On
Optimization of Ice Thermal Storage Systems Design for HVAC Systems
Ice thermal storage is promising technology to reduce energy costs by shifting the cooling cost from on-peak to off-peak periods. The paper discusses the optimal design of ice thermal storage and its impact on energy consumption, demand, and total...
Nassif, N.; Hall, C.; Freelnad, D.
Safe Handling of Dry Ice During a Power Outage
dry ice in a well-insulated container. If transporting it inside a car for more than 15 minutes, make. Burn treatment Treat dry ice burns the same as heat burns. See a doctor if skin blisters. Disposal are open to all with- out regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability
CO diffusion into amorphous H2O ices
The mobility of atoms, molecules and radicals in icy grain mantles regulate ice restructuring, desorption, and chemistry in astrophysical environments. Interstellar ices are dominated by H2O, and diffusion on external and internal (pore) surfaces of H2O-rich ices is therefore a key process to constrain. This study aims to quantify the diffusion kinetics and barrier of the abundant ice constituent CO into H2O dominated ices at low temperatures (15-23 K), by measuring the mixing rate of initially layered H2O(:CO2)/CO ices. The mixed fraction of CO as a function of time is determined by monitoring the shape of the infrared CO stretching band. Mixing is observed at all investigated temperatures on minute time scales, and can be ascribed to CO diffusion in H2O ice pores. The diffusion coefficient and final mixed fraction depend on ice temperature, porosity, thickness and composition. The experiments are analyzed by applying Fick's diffusion equation under the assumption that mixing is due to CO diffusion into an i...
Lauck, Trish; Shulenberger, Katherine; Rajappan, Mahesh; Oberg, Karin I; Cuppen, Herma M
Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space
, Germany j National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, 449 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA k development by GLIMS is geared toward mapping clean- ice and debris-covered glaciers; terrain classification are compatible with and expanded from those of the World Glacier Inventory (WGI). These technology efforts
Kääb, Andreas
Numerical modelling of ice sheets, streams, and shelves
Numerical modelling of ice sheets, streams, and shelves Ed Bueler Karthaus, September 2012 models can actually help you, the reader, understand the behavior of partic- ular ice flows. Their most numerical codes produce numbers, but we want numbers that actually come from our continuum model. We analyse
Bueler, Ed
Methods and apparatus for rotor blade ice detection
A method for detecting ice on a wind turbine having a rotor and one or more rotor blades each having blade roots includes monitoring meteorological conditions relating to icing conditions and monitoring one or more physical characteristics of the wind turbine in operation that vary in accordance with at least one of the mass of the one or more rotor blades or a mass imbalance between the rotor blades. The method also includes using the one or more monitored physical characteristics to determine whether a blade mass anomaly exists, determining whether the monitored meteorological conditions are consistent with blade icing; and signaling an icing-related blade mass anomaly when a blade mass anomaly is determined to exist and the monitored meteorological conditions are determined to be consistent with icing.
LeMieux, David Lawrence
Freeze crystallization technology for Kraft black liquor concentration. Third report
About 25% of the purchased energy in the pulp and paper industry is used to concentrate black liquor. The technical feasibility of using freeze concentration to supplement evaporation has been successfully demonstrated, and results indicate that energy consumption can be reduced 45%. After compiling a considerable data base on the characteristics of black liquor at low temperature and after developing a computer program to aid analysis, the process chosen was vacuum freezing-vapor absorption (VFVA). A pilot plant was built and operated; however, due to problems with crystallization of the absorbent and contamination, it was found that maintaining the conditions necessary for a continuous process was not practical at the present state of development. Therefore, indirect freezing was used for all subsequent work. This required the design and fabrication of a simple shuttle crystallizer to replace scraped surface units conventionally used. CSI also developed an integrated ice separation column that combined crystal growth, a concentration gradient, and washing all in one unit. Finally, extensive heat transfer coefficient data were collected so that a preliminary design could be completed for a 350 TPD industrial freeze concentration unit. An economic analysis was calculated in order to compare using evaporation and freeze concentration to process the increased liquor flow from a pulp mill expansion. A 200,000 lb/hr freezing unit used to preconcentrate the mill's entire stream up to 18.7% solids would save $10 to $16 per ton of pulp.
Johnson, W.E.; Rhodes, C.R.
Ice emission and the redshifts of submillimeter sources
Observations at submillimeter wavelengths have revealed a population of sources thought to be at relatively large redshifts. The position of the 850 $\\mu$m passband on the Rayleigh-Jeans portion of the Planck function leads to a maximum redshift estimate of $z\\sim$4.5 since sources will not retain their redshift independent brightness close to the peak of the Planck function and thus drop out of surveys. Here we review evidence that ice absorption is present in the spectra of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies which are often taken as analogs for the 850 $\\mu$m source population. We consider the implication of this absorption for ice induced spectral structure at far infrared wavelengths and present marginal astronomical evidence that amorphous ice may have a feature similar to crystalline ice near 150 $\\mu$m. Recent corroborative laboratory evidence is supportive of this conclusion. It is argued that early metal enrichment by pair instability SN may lead to a high ice content relative to refractory dust at high redshift and a fairly robust detection of ice emission in a $z=6.42$ quasar is presented. It is further shown that ice emission is needed to understand the 450 $\\mu$m sources observed in the GOODS-N field. We are thus encouraged to apply far infrared ice emission models to the available observations of HDF 850.1, the brightest submillimeter source in the {\\it Hubble Deep Field}. We suggest that a redshift as large as 13 may need to be considered for this source, nearly a factor of three above the usual top estimate. Inclusion of the possibility of far infrared ice emission in the spectral energy distributions of model sources generally broadens the range of redshifts to be considered for submillimeter sources compared to models without ice emission.
Inter-annual sea-ice dynamics and micro-algal biomass in winter pack ice of Marguerite Bay, Antarctica
of solar energy into the pack-ice ecosystem. Such a tractable atmosphere oceanicebiota coupling may help (Atkinson et al., 2004; Loeb et al., 1997), as well as marine mammals and birds (Ainley et al., 2005 and Ross, 2003)--ironically at a time when the pronounced seasonal cycle of solar radiation coupled
Stewart, Frank
Retrieval of Cloud Phase and Crystal Habit from Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Data
A method of retrieving cloud phase and the dominant ice crystal habit from radiances measured by the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been developed. The retrieval method takes advantage of the differences in the phase function of various particle shapes as a function of scattering angle. Three case studies are presented which illustrate the retrieval method. A comparison with semi-coincident in situ observations for one case study indicates that the retrieved crystal habits are consistent with the observations.
Density scaling of the diffusivity in viscous liquids: Identification of the scaling exponent with the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus
A density scaled diffusivity function for viscous liquids derived earlier [Phys. Rev. E 79, 032501 (2009)] is revisited, based on an improved equation of state assuming that the isothermal bulk modulus increases linearly with pressure. Without making any assumption on the interconnection between the scaling exponent and the Gruneisen parameter, we prove that the scaling exponent is identical with the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus. We further discuss probable interconnection between the scaling exponent and the Gruneisen parameter.meter.
Anthony N. Papathanassiou; Ilias Sakellis
IceCube: An Instrument for Neutrino Astronomy
Neutrino astronomy beyond the Sun was first imagined in the late 1950s; by the 1970s, it was realized that kilometer-scale neutrino detectors were required. The first such instrument, IceCube, is near completion and taking data. The IceCube project transforms a cubic kilometer of deep and ultra-transparent Antarctic ice into a particle detector. A total of 5,160 optical sensors are embedded into a gigaton of Antarctic ice to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles produced when neutrinos interact with nuclei in the ice. Each optical sensor is a complete data acquisition system, including a phototube, digitization electronics, control and trigger systems and LEDs for calibration. The light patterns reveal the type (flavor) of neutrino interaction and the energy and direction of the neutrino, making neutrino astronomy possible. The scientific missions of IceCube include such varied tasks as the search for sources of cosmic rays, the observation of Galactic supernova explosions, the search for dark matter, and the study of the neutrinos themselves. These reach energies well beyond those produced with accelerator beams. The outline of this review is as follows: Neutrino Astronomy and Kilometer-Scale Detectors. High-Energy Neutrino Telescopes: Methodologies of Neutrino Detection. IceCube Hardware. High-Energy Neutrino Telescopes: Beyond Astronomy. Future Projects
Francis Halzen; Spencer R. Klein
Air conditioning system with supplemental ice storing and cooling capacity
The present air conditioning system with ice storing and cooling capacity can generate and store ice in its pipe assembly or in an ice storage tank particularly equipped for the system, depending on the type of the air conditioning system. The system is characterized in particular in that ice can be produced and stored in the air conditioning system whereby the time of supplying cooled air can be effectively extended with the merit that the operation cycle of the on and off of the compressor can be prolonged, extending the operation lifespan of the compressor in one aspect. In another aspect, ice production and storage in great amount can be performed in an off-peak period of the electrical power consumption and the stored ice can be utilized in the peak period of the power consumption so as to provide supplemental cooling capacity for the compressor of the air conditioning system whereby the shift of peak and off-peak power consumption can be effected with ease. The present air conditioning system can lower the installation expense for an ice-storing air conditioning system and can also be applied to an old conventional air conditioning system.
Weng, Kuo-Lianq (Taichung, TW); Weng, Kuo-Liang (Taichung, TW)
Photodesorption of ices I: CO, N2 and CO2
A longstanding problem in astrochemistry is how molecules can be maintained in the gas phase in dense inter- and circumstellar regions. Photodesorption is a non-thermal desorption mechanism, which may explain the small amounts of observed cold gas in cloud cores and disk mid-planes. This paper aims to determine the UV photodesorption yields and to constrain the photodesorption mechanisms of three astrochemically relevant ices: CO, N2 and CO2. In addition, the possibility of co-desorption in mixed and layered CO:N2 ices is explored. The ice photodesorption is studied experimentally under ultra high vacuum conditions and at 15-60 K using a hydrogen discharge lamp (7-10.5 eV). The ice desorption during irradiation is monitored by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy of the ice and simultaneous mass spectrometry of the desorbed molecules. Both the UV photodesorption yields per incident photon and the photodesorption mechanisms are molecule specific. CO photodesorbs without dissociation from the surface layer of the ice. N2, which lacks an electronic transition in this wavelength range, has a photodesorption yield that is more than an order of magnitude lower. This yield increases significantly due to co-desorption when N2 is mixed in with or layered on top of CO ice. CO2 photodesorbs through dissociation and subsequent recombination from the top 10 layers of the ice. At low temperatures (15-18 K) the derived photodesorption yields are 2.7x10^-3 and CO2 photodesorption yield is 1.2x10^-3x(1-e^(-X/2.9)) + 1.1x10^-3x(1-e^(-X/4.6)) molecules photon-1, where X is the ice thickness in monolayers and the two parts of the expression represent a CO2 and CO photodesorption pathway.
Karin I. Oberg; Ewine F. van Dishoeck; Harold Linnartz
Final Technical Report for "Ice nuclei relation to aerosol properties: Data analysis and model parameterization for IN in mixed-phase clouds"�? (DOE/SC00002354)
Clouds play an important role in weather and climate. In addition to their key role in the hydrologic cycle, clouds scatter incoming solar radiation and trap infrared radiation from the surface and lower atmosphere. Despite their importance, feedbacks involving clouds remain as one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate models. To better simulate cloud processes requires better characterization of cloud microphysical processes, which can affect the spatial extent, optical depth and lifetime of clouds. To this end, we developed a new parameterization to be used in numerical models that describes the variation of ice nuclei (IN) number concentrations active to form ice crystals in mixed-phase (water droplets and ice crystals co-existing) cloud conditions as these depend on existing aerosol properties and temperature. The parameterization is based on data collected using the Colorado State University continuous flow diffusion chamber in aircraft and ground-based campaigns over a 14-year period, including data from the DOE-supported Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment. The resulting relationship is shown to more accurately represent the variability of ice nuclei distributions in the atmosphere compared to currently used parameterizations based on temperature alone. When implemented in one global climate model, the new parameterization predicted more realistic annually averaged cloud water and ice distributions, and cloud radiative properties, especially for sensitive higher latitude mixed-phase cloud regions. As a test of the new global IN scheme, it was compared to independent data collected during the 2008 DOE-sponsored Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC). Good agreement with this new data set suggests the broad applicability of the new scheme for describing general (non-chemically specific) aerosol influences on IN number concentrations feeding mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds. Finally, the parameterization was implemented into a regional cloud-resolving model to compare predictions of ice crystal concentrations and other cloud properties to those observed in two intensive case studies of Arctic stratus during ISDAC. Our implementation included development of a prognostic scheme of ice activation using the IN parameterization so that the most realistic treatment of ice nuclei, including their budget (gains and losses), was achieved. Many cloud microphysical properties and cloud persistence were faithfully reproduced, despite a tendency to under-predict (by a few to several times) ice crystal number concentrations and cloud ice mass, in agreement with some other studies. This work serves generally as the basis for improving predictive schemes for cloud ice crystal activation in cloud and climate models, and more specifically as the basis for such a scheme to be used in a Multi-scale Modeling Format (MMF) that utilizes a connected system of cloud-resolving models on a global grid in an effort to better resolve cloud processes and their influence on climate.
Paul J. DeMott, Anthony J. Prenni; Sonia M. Kreidenweis
Improvements in Representations of Cloud Microphysics for BBHRP and Models using Data Collected during M-PACE and TWP-ICE
In our research we proposed to use data collected during the 2004 Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) and the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) to improve retrievals of ice and mixed-phase clouds, to improve our understanding of how cloud and radiative processes affect cloud life cycles, and to develop and test methods for using ARM data more effectively in model. In particular, we proposed to: 1) use MPACE in-situ data to determine how liquid water fraction and cloud ice and liquid effective radius (r{sub ei} and r{sub ew}) vary with temperature, normalized cloud altitude and other variables for Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and to use these data to evaluate the performance of model parameterization schemes and remote sensing retrieval algorithms; 2) calculate rei and size/shape distributions using TWP-ICE in-situ data, investigate their dependence on cirrus type (oceanic or continental anvils or cirrus not directly traced to convection), and develop and test representations for MICROBASE; 3) conduct fundamental research enhancing our understanding of cloud/radiative interactions, concentrating on effects of small crystals and particle shapes and sizes on radiation; and 4) improve representations of microphysical processes for models (fall-out, effective density, mean scattering properties, rei and rew) and provide them to ARM PIs. In the course of our research, we made substantial progress on all four goals.
Greg M. McFarquhar
Elastic uplift in southeast Greenland due to rapid ice mass loss Shfaqat A. Khan,1
Elastic uplift in southeast Greenland due to rapid ice mass loss Shfaqat A. Khan,1 John Wahr,2] The rapid unloading of ice from the southeastern sector of the Greenland ice sheet between 2001 and 2006), Elastic uplift in southeast Greenland due to rapid ice mass loss, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21701, doi:10
Larson, Kristine
Experimental Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for IAQ applications in Ice Rink Arenas
1 Experimental Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for IAQ applications in Ice Rink, USA, Fax: 617-432-4122, Abstract Many ice rink arenas have ice resurfacing equipment that uses fossil temperature distributions in ice rinks. The numerical results agree reasonably with the corresponding
Chen, Qingyan "Yan"
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region: a numerical study
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region: a numerical study Aixue The variability of net sea ice production and sea ice exchange between the Arctic and its adjacent seas export) is the major factor controlling the net sea ice production in the Arctic region since a thinning
NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region Aixue Hu, Claes Rooth and Rainer Bleck February 18, 2003 Abstract The variability of the net sea ice production and the sea ice circulation model. The wind driven divergence (or ice flux export) is the major factor controlling the net sea
Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover
that lateral ocean heat flux from the shelf to the basin melts a substantial amount of ice in the marginal iceSeasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M to characterize differences in upwelling near the shelf break in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea due to varying sea ice
Pickart, Robert S.
ARKTOS: An Intelligent System for SAR Sea Ice Image Classification Leen-Kiat Soh1
in meteorology and in global climate studies. For example, the thickness of sea ice influences the heat fluxARKTOS: An Intelligent System for SAR Sea Ice Image Classification Leen-Kiat Soh1 , Costas sea ice image analysis named ARKTOS (Advanced Reasoning using Knowledge for Typing Of Sea ice). ARKTOS
ocean heat flux42 from the shelf to the basin melts a substantial amount of ice in the marginal ice Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M the shelfbreak in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea due to3 varying sea-ice conditions. The record is divided into three
Modeling Coulombic failure of sea ice with leads Alexander V. Wilchinsky1
Modeling Coulombic failure of sea ice with leads Alexander V. Wilchinsky1 and Daniel L. Feltham1 ice failure under lowconfinement compression is modeled with a linear Coulombic criterion that can of anisotropy we consider a simplified anisotropic sea ice model where the sea ice thickness depends
Development of the Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM): Application to Lake Erie in 20032004
due to strong cooling and wind mixing. Prediction of the lake's ice extent (i.e., ice coverDevelopment of the Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM): Application to Lake Erie in 2003: Received 4 May 2009 Accepted 30 November 2009 Communicated by Dr. Ram Yerubandi Index words: Coupled Ice
Arctic sea ice declined rapidly to unprec-edented low extents in the summer of 2007,
cooling, ice extent remains far below normal. Understanding Sea Ice Loss Key factors behind this recordArctic sea ice declined rapidly to unprec- edented low extents in the summer of 2007, raising concern that the Arctic may be on the verge of a fundamental transition toward a seasonal ice cover
Clements, Craig
Ice sheets and their dynamics Continuum thermo-mechanical model of a glacier
Ice sheets and their dynamics Continuum thermo-mechanical model of a glacier Shallow Ice Approximation (SIA) SIA-I Iterative Improvement Technique Benchmarks Numerical modeling of ice-sheet dynamics and Cartography, Zdiby 1.6.2010 Ondej Soucek Ph.D. defense #12;Ice sheets and their dynamics Continuum thermo
Cerveny, Vlastislav
Ice-assisted electron beam lithography of graphene Jules A Gardener1
1 Ice-assisted electron beam lithography of graphene Jules A Gardener1 and Jene A Golovchenko1 with a thin ice layer. The irradiated ice plays a crucial role in the process by providing activated species that locally remove graphene from a silicon dioxide substrate. After patterning the graphene, the ice resist
Pleistocene ice and paleo-strain rates at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica S.M. Aciego a
Pleistocene ice and paleo-strain rates at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica S.M. Aciego a , K.M. Cuffey b September 2006 Abstract Ice exposed in ablation zones of ice sheets can be a valuable source of samples for paleoclimate studies and information about long-term ice dynamics. We report a 28-km long stable isotope
Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.
Snow and Ice Control Best Management Practices Parking Lots, Sidewalks, Roads
Snow and Ice Control Best Management Practices Parking Lots, Sidewalks, Roads Minnesota Circuit opportunity to improve the way we manage snow and ice in Minnesota. By using snow and ice control best safer--while saving money and protecting water quality. Current Situation The snow and ice maintenance
SEA ICE MAPPING ALGORITHM FOR QUIKSCAT AND SEAWINDS Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long
SEA ICE MAPPING ALGORITHM FOR QUIKSCAT AND SEAWINDS Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long Brigham firstname.lastname@example.com Abstruct- Polar sea ice extent is an important input to global climate models and is considered are sensitive to the pres- ence of sea ice. An algorithm has been developed for sea ice extent detection using
The ice flow behavior in the neighborhood of the grounding line. Non-Newtonian case.
The ice flow behavior in the neighborhood of the grounding line. Non-Newtonian case. Marco A line dynamics. The grounding line is the line where tran- sition between ice attached to the solid ground and ice floating over the sea takes place. We analyze a mathematical model describing the ice flow
Fontelos, Marco
Instruments and Methods Intermediate-depth ice coring of high-altitude and polar glaciers
an electromechanical drill (EMD) and an ethanol thermal electric drill (ETED). The EMD permitted an average ice in cold and temperate ice and in clean and particle-laden ice. The influence of the ethanol drilling fluid- arctica, 2000) and an ethanol thermal electric drill (ETED; Zagorodnov and others, 1998)). Ice thicknesses
Ice-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events
in Antarctica, the resulting ice-shelf loss and attendant HSIS acceleration would produce a Heinrich eventIce-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events Shaun A. Marcotta,1-discharge events from the Hudson Strait Ice Stream (HSIS) of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, referred to as Heinrich
Schmittner, Andreas
Sediment Melt-Migration Dynamics in Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice Steven M. Jepsen*
melting through laboratory ice at 22 uC in simulated summer conditions, with warmer ice producing faster boundaries was pronounced in laboratory ice warmer than 21 uC. This mechanism produced a flux of 0.1 g m22 hrSediment Melt-Migration Dynamics in Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice Steven M. Jepsen* Edward E. Adams
FESD Proposal, Type I VOICE: Volcano, Ocean, Ice, and Carbon Experiments
in continental ice volume and sea level produce changes in pressure and stress within the crust and mantleFESD Proposal, Type I VOICE: Volcano, Ocean, Ice, and Carbon Experiments Project Manager: Charles during Pleistocene ice ages. We posit that changes in sea level and ice volume drive changes in volcanism
Huybers, Peter
Recent Arctic Sea Ice Variability: Connections to the Arctic Oscillation and the ENSO
Nin~o- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) produce similar ice changes in the western Arctic, but opposite iceRecent Arctic Sea Ice Variability: Connections to the Arctic Oscillation and the ENSO Jiping Liu; accepted 20 April 2004; published 13 May 2004. [1] Trends in the satellite-derived Arctic sea ice
Seasonal predictions of ice extent in the Arctic Ocean R. W. Lindsay,1
Service and the U. S. National Ice Center) produces summer outlooks of ice conditions for specific regionsSeasonal predictions of ice extent in the Arctic Ocean R. W. Lindsay,1 J. Zhang,1 A. J. Schweiger,1 29 February 2008. [1] How well can the extent of arctic sea ice be predicted for lead periods of up
Zhang, Jinlun
Modeled methanesulfonic acid (MSA) deposition in Antarctica and its relationship to sea ice
been investigated with the goal of producing a proxy for sea ice cover in past climates [SaigneModeled methanesulfonic acid (MSA) deposition in Antarctica and its relationship to sea ice P. J] Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) has previously been measured in ice cores in Antarctica as a proxy for sea ice extent
Holmes, Christopher D.
Brine fluxes from growing sea ice A. J. Wells,1,2
. Introduction [2] The spatiotemporal distribution of the liquid phase within sea ice, a porous array of iceBrine fluxes from growing sea ice A. J. Wells,1,2 J. S. Wettlaufer,1,2,3 and S. A. Orszag2] It is well known that brine drainage from growing sea ice has a controlling influence on its mechanical
Gas ageice age differences and the chronology of the Vostok ice core, M. L. Bender,1
Gas ageice age differences and the chronology of the Vostok ice core, 0100 ka M. L. Bender,1 G. [1] Gas is trapped in polar ice at depths of $50120 m and is therefore significantly younger than cores (Vostok, Dome Fuji, and Dome C). We recorrelate the gas records of Vostok and Greenland Ice Sheet
THE SHRINKING ARCTIC ICE CAP From the IPCC* Summary For Policymakers...
THE SHRINKING ARCTIC ICE CAP From the IPCC* Summary For Policymakers... "Sea ice is projected] - a phenomenon sometimes referred to as "Arctic amplification". As Arctic temperatures rise, sea ice melts for the 20th century. The rate at which the modeled 21st century Arctic warming and sea ice melting occurs
Multiple effects of ice load changes and associated stress change on magmatic systems
. Pressure release melting due to ice cap retreat in Iceland may at present times generate a similar amount that part of this magma may be captured in the crust, rather than being erupted. Gradual retreat of ice caps retreat of ice caps and glaciers worldwide; many of which are located in volcanic regions. The reduced ice
Lomonosovfonna and Holtedahlfonna ice cores reveal eastwest disparities of the Spitsbergen environment since AD 1700
Centre, Troms�, Norway ABSTRACT. An ice core extracted from Holtedahlfonna ice cap, western Spitsbergen developed for these low-altitude ice caps. For instance, Iizuka and others (2002) and Grinsted and others (2006) found good summer melting indices based on ion concentrations of snow and ice from Austfonna
Application of FLake for the prediction of ice thickness for inland waters in the Netherlands
Application of FLake for the prediction of ice thickness for inland waters in the Netherlands Cisco in the Netherlands. In cold spells numerous ditches, canals and lakes get frozen and many people go out for ice in the Netherlands. in ice thickness predictions. KNMI issues ice thickness predictions, based on a model of De Bruin
Development, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification of high-fidelity arctic sea ice models.
Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system and due to feedback effects the Arctic ice cover is changing rapidly. Predictive mathematical models are of paramount importance for accurate estimates of the future ice trajectory. However, the sea ice components of Global Climate Models (GCMs) vary significantly in their prediction of the future state of Arctic sea ice and have generally underestimated the rate of decline in minimum sea ice extent seen over the past thirty years. One of the contributing factors to this variability is the sensitivity of the sea ice to model physical parameters. A new sea ice model that has the potential to improve sea ice predictions incorporates an anisotropic elastic-decohesive rheology and dynamics solved using the material-point method (MPM), which combines Lagrangian particles for advection with a background grid for gradient computations. We evaluate the variability of the Los Alamos National Laboratory CICE code and the MPM sea ice code for a single year simulation of the Arctic basin using consistent ocean and atmospheric forcing. Sensitivities of ice volume, ice area, ice extent, root mean square (RMS) ice speed, central Arctic ice thickness, and central Arctic ice speed with respect to ten different dynamic and thermodynamic parameters are evaluated both individually and in combination using the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA). We find similar responses for the two codes and some interesting seasonal variability in the strength of the parameters on the solution.
Peterson, Kara J.; Bochev, Pavel Blagoveston; Paskaleva, Biliana S.
CMU-ITC-83-029 WHITE PAPER: The ICE Execution Environment
CMU-ITC-83-029 WHITE PAPER: The ICE Execution Environment Document Number 003-001/002.01 DRAFT-Mellon University Schenley Park Pittsburgh, PA 15213 #12;The ICE Execution Environment DRAFT 003- 001/002.01 U ncla ssified ( 2 The ICE Execution Environment #12;The ICE Execution Environment DRAFT 003
IDENTIFYING ICE HYDROMETEOR SIGNATURES ABOVE SUMMIT, GREENLAND USING A MULTI. These retrievals, however, may be adversely affected by ice hydrometeors commonly observed in mixed phase clouds. Research on the effect of ice hydrometeors on the microwave signal is insufficient. We establish that ice
Wisconsin at Madison, University of
Adaptive mesh, finite volume modeling of marine ice sheets Stephen L. Cornforda
Adaptive mesh, finite volume modeling of marine ice sheets Stephen L. Cornforda , Daniel F. Martinb Abstract Continental scale marine ice sheets such as the present day West Antarctic Ice Sheet are strongly phenomenon of this kind is the migration of the grounding line -- the division between ice in contact
Incorporation of particulates into accreted ice above subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica G. Royston-Bishop1
1 Incorporation of particulates into accreted ice above subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica G, Montana 59717, USA Abstract The nature of microscopic particulates in meteoric and accreted ice from the Vostok ice core, is assessed in conjunction with existing ice core data to investigate the mechanism
Sessions 1526 & 2526 The URI Integrated Computer Engineering Design (ICED) Curriculum
Sessions 1526 & 2526 The URI Integrated Computer Engineering Design (ICED) Curriculum: Progress the ICED curriculum in the Fall of 1997. The key feature of ICED is a substantial 2-3 year long project of ICED after two years of startup operation. Some custom hardware was required for the curriculum
IMPLICATIONS OF CO, GLOBAL WARMING O N GREAT LAKES ICE COVER RAYMOND A. ASSEL US. Department to project daily mean basin ice cover and annual ice cover duration for Lakes Superior and Erie. Models were), and the Oregon State University (OSU)general circulationmodels. Ice cover estimateswere made for the West
OTC Paper Number 24645 GPU-Event-Mechanics Evaluation of Ice Impact Load Statistics
OTC Paper Number 24645 GPU-Event-Mechanics Evaluation of Ice Impact Load Statistics Claude Daley of a GPU-Event-Mechanics (GEM) simulation to assess local ice loads on a vessel operating in pack ice workstation. The simulation domain contains hundreds of discrete and interacting ice floes. A simple vessel
Ice-associated phytoplankton blooms in the southeastern Bering Sea Meibing Jin,1
Ice-associated phytoplankton blooms in the southeastern Bering Sea Meibing Jin,1 Clara Deal,1 Jia 2007. [1] Ice-associated phytoplankton blooms in the south- eastern Bering Sea can critically impact ice algal components, our 1-D ecosystem model successfully reproduced the observed ice
ESTIMATING BEDROCK AND SURFACE LAYER BOUNDARIES AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS IN ICE SHEET RADAR IMAGERY and Computing Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana USA ABSTRACT Climate models that predict polar ice sheet behavior require accurate measurements of the bedrock-ice and ice-air bound- aries in ground
Menczer, Filippo
1 Microscopic and environmental controls on the spacing and thickness of segregated 2 ice lenses
water, and ice conspire with the prevailing environmental conditions 52 to produce macroscopic ice by Henry (2000). The first comprehensive and tractable model 57 for ice lens growth was produced by O1 Microscopic and environmental controls on the spacing and thickness of segregated 2 ice lenses 3
Rempel, Alan W.
Transoceanic infragravity waves impacting Antarctic ice shelves Peter D. Bromirski,1
that IG- wave forcing may produce ice-shelf fractures that enable abrupt disintegration of ice shelvesTransoceanic infragravity waves impacting Antarctic ice shelves Peter D. Bromirski,1 Olga V-forced shoreward propagating swell. Seismic observations on the Ross Ice Shelf show that free IG waves generated
Vacuum-UV spectroscopy of interstellar ice analogs. II. Absorption cross-sections of nonpolar ice molecules
Dust grains in cold circumstellar regions and dark-cloud interiors at 10-20 K are covered by ice mantles. A nonthermal desorption mechanism is invoked to explain the presence of gas-phase molecules in these environments, such as the photodesorption induced by irradiation of ice due to secondary ultraviolet photons. To quantify the effects of ice photoprocessing, an estimate of the photon absorption in ice mantles is required. In a recent work, we reported the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) absorption cross sections of nonpolar molecules in the solid phase. The aim was to estimate the VUV-absorption cross sections of nonpolar molecular ice components, including CH4, CO2, N2, and O2. The column densities of the ice samples deposited at 8 K were measured in situ by infrared spectroscopy in transmittance. VUV spectra of the ice samples were collected in the 120-160 nm (10.33-7.74 eV) range using a commercial microwave-discharged hydrogen flow lamp. We found that, as expected, solid N2 has the lowest VUV-absorption cros...
Cruz-Diaz, G A; Chen, Y -J; Yih, T -S
Florida Nuclear Profile - Crystal River
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Crystal River1" "Unit","Summer capacity (mw)","Net generation (thousand mwh)","Summer capacity factor (percent)","Type","Commercial operation date","License expiration date"...
Crystal face temperature determination means
An optically transparent furnace having a detection apparatus with a pedestal enclosed in an evacuated ampule for growing a crystal thereon is disclosed. Temperature differential is provided by a source heater, a base heater and a cold finger such that material migrates from a polycrystalline source material to grow the crystal. A quartz halogen lamp projects a collimated beam onto the crystal and a reflected beam is analyzed by a double monochromator and photomultiplier detection spectrometer and the detected peak position in the reflected energy spectrum of the reflected beam is interpreted to determine surface temperature of the crystal. 3 figs.
Nason, D.O.; Burger, A.
Several caves in high elevated alpine regions host massive ice fillings and underground glaciers. The age of the ice may exceed several hundred or thousand years and the ice bodies possibly have recorded paleoclimatic information. Despite
of the NCA within the Eastern Alps of Europe. Yellow dots indicate locations of known ice caves, yellow stars information. The project AUSTRO*ICE*CAVES*2100 aims at investigating the extent with results from steam-drilling which did not reach the bottom of the ice, but got stuck in deep layers. Most
Brückl, Ewald
Modelling the hydrology of the Greenland ice sheet�
This thesis aims to better understand the relationships between basal water pressure, friction, and sliding mechanisms at ice sheet scales. In particular, it develops a new subglacial hydrology model (Hydro) to explicitly ...
Karatay, Mehmet Rahmi
Hydrological and biogeochemical cycling along the Greenland ice sheet margin
Global warming has led to a significant increase in Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt and runoff since 1990, resulting in escalated export of fresh water and associated sediment to the surrounding North Atlantic and Arctic ...
Bhatia, Maya Pilar, 1979-
Arctic sea ice modeling with the material-point method.
Arctic sea ice plays an important role in global climate by reflecting solar radiation and insulating the ocean from the atmosphere. Due to feedback effects, the Arctic sea ice cover is changing rapidly. To accurately model this change, high-resolution calculations must incorporate: (1) annual cycle of growth and melt due to radiative forcing; (2) mechanical deformation due to surface winds, ocean currents and Coriolis forces; and (3) localized effects of leads and ridges. We have demonstrated a new mathematical algorithm for solving the sea ice governing equations using the material-point method with an elastic-decohesive constitutive model. An initial comparison with the LANL CICE code indicates that the ice edge is sharper using Materials-Point Method (MPM), but that many of the overall features are similar.
Searching for Cosmic Accelerators via IceCube
of the highest energy neutrinos ever reported, which have been named Bert and Ernie." The new results from IceCube, which were published in the journal Science, provide...
IceCube Project Monthly Report January 2011 Accomplishments
Raytheon responsibilities. The excitement generated by the completion of IceCube construction led at the end of December 2010 was a favorable $2.042M, primarily due to Raytheon and New York Air National
The effect of selective desorption mechanisms during interstellar ice formation
Major components of ices on interstellar grains in molecular clouds - water and carbon oxides - occur at various optical depths. This implies that selective desorption mechanisms are at work. An astrochemical model of a contracting low-mass molecular cloud core is presented. Ice was treated as consisting of the surface and three subsurface layers (sublayers). Photodesorption, reactive desorption, and indirect reactive desorption were investigated. The latter manifests itself through desorption from H+H reaction on grains. Desorption of shallow subsurface species was included. Modeling results suggest the existence of a "photon-dominated ice" during the early phases of core contraction. Subsurface ice is chemically processed by interstellar photons, which produces complex organic molecules. Desorption from the subsurface layer results in high COM gas-phase abundances at Av = 2.4...10mag. This may contribute towards an explanation for COM observations in dark cores. It was found that photodesorption mostly gove...
Kalvans, Juris
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