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Draft 4 DV reciprocal An action from the sub regional DV Protocol No Wrong Door East London Domestic Violence Reciprocal Agreement The East London sub region collaborating on homelessness prevention in cases of domestic violence 2009 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Purpose of the Agreement 3. Referral Process 4. Referral Procedure 5. Overcrowding 6. Change of Landlord 7. Nominations 8. Offer of Accommodation 9. Provision of Support 10. Monitoring and Review 11. Signatories Appendix 1 – Urgent Property Request Form Appendix 2 – Named Contacts Appendix 3 – ELHP Information Sharing Nominations Form Appendix 4 – Domestic Violence Risk Assessment Form & Practice Guidance Appendix 5 – Monitoring Form Margaret Williams East London Housing Partnership Homelessness Project Manager email@example.com 07772221482 2 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 1. Introduction In 2004 the government agreed a core definition of domestic violence – 'Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. This definition incorporates forced marriage, female genital mutilation and so called 'honour violence and killings', as well as elder abuse when committed within the family or by an intimate partner. This definition was created for use by all agencies as a benchmark. It does not prevent agencies using a wider definition for their o wn operational purposes but it is designed to ensure that domestic violence partnerships are all defining the issue in the same way.' (Second London Domestic Violence Strategy, GLA, 2005) The signatories to this Agreement are aware of the effects domestic violence can have on individuals, families and communities. They condemn any form of domestic violence and will work with those who suffer domestic violence to deal with incidents quickly, effectively and sensitively. This Agreement is intended to protect anyone subjected to domestic violence, regardless of gender, for example, where there are child protection issues or where legal action is pending and there are threats of violence or where a person has been subject to violence, there is a likelihood of further violence and their address is known to the perpetrator 2. Purpose of the Agreement The purpose of this Agreement is to enable the signatory associations to assist their tenants who are experiencing domestic violence. (It is not intended, at this stage, to apply to applicants on associations' waiting lists). We will aim to ensure that, if a person so wishes, they have the necessary support and advice to remain in their own home; but where a person wishes, or feels it is necessary to leave their home, we will work with them to secure alternative accommodation, where it is possible to do so. However this is subject to suitable accommodation being available by a collaborating RSL in the area requested by the applicant. The signatories will endeavor to assist applicants but it is essential that it is explained to the applicant and any supporting organization that this may not be possible in all cases. The purpose of this protocol is to establish a mutually supportive framework through which the signatories may work together to rehouse people experiencing domestic violence, where this is their wish. We will aim, within the constraints of availability, to provide alternative accommodation, appropriate to the needs of the individuals concerned, of a similar, and not worse, standard to their existing home, property size and with security of tenure. In doing so, we will aim, subject to the constraints of availability, to locate suitable alternative accommodation within a mutually agreed location. 3 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 We recognise that it will be easier for larger landlords to make available accommodation than smaller landlords. So each signatory will be expected to make available properties to others, roughly in accordance with the size and make up of their stock ownership. We recognise that each association has its own allocations criteria and may require additional information from the nominating association in order to satisfy its requirements. Associations will cooperate in providing any additional information. It is also recognised that there may need to be some relaxation of criteria e.g. rent arrears or nuisance, where it appears likely that the problem is in fact a symptom of the domestic violence. 3. Referral Process 1. When an RSL tenant approaches with a request to move from their accommodation because of domestic violence, the RSL will conduct a new risk assessment with the survivor and arrange suitable transfer within their own stock. 2. Where this is not possible a request for alternative accommodation will be sent to partner RSLs with stock in the area/s where the tenant has indicated that they will be safe. 3. Requests for alternative accommodation should be made by email using the 'Urgent Property Request Form' (Appendix 1). In requesting accommodation signatories will need to be mindful of the stock ownership profile of each association. Wherever possible areas requested should be as wide as possible to maximise the chances of a successful outcome. 4. Where an Urgent Property Request is made partners will respond informing the applicant RSL if they are able to assist or not. 5. When a request is sent a date by which an offer is required should be included. Again, to maximise the chances of success this should be as flexible as possible – partners aim to complete the procedure as swiftly as possible. During this time if it is unsafe for the applicant to remain in the property referral to a refuge or to local authority temporary accommodation may be necessary. 5. Where it is not possible to provide alternative accommodation the association will work with other service providers involved with the case to discuss options with the survivor. 6. The Association requesting assistance will be responsible for advising signatories if and when an offer 4 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 has been made and accepted. 7. All referrals will be subject to the polices and procedures of the receiving RSL. Each landlord will nominate a named contact. A contact list is attached. (Appendix 2). 4. Referral Procedure All referrals are subject to completion of the sub regional Information Sharing Protocol (Appendix 3). All referrals will be subject to a new Domestic Violence Risk Assessment (Appendix 4) completed following the household approaching with a request to move due to domestic violence. 5. Overcrowding Where the household approaching in need of a move is overcrowded the RSL will endeavour to accommodate the household from within their own stock. If this is not possible, the RSL will request a suitable property from participating partner RSLs. The receiving RSL that provides a larger property will be entitled to claim back from the referring RSL a property of equivalent size to the property provided for the household (ie: not the size of the property vacated). Under occupied applicants can avail themselves of the under occupation scheme in operation in the sub region. 6. Change of Landlord Households changing landlords will be provided with details of the receiving RSLs policies and given the opportunity to discuss the different polices and procedures. 7. Nominations RSLs will operate the RSL DV Reciprocal Agreement within their 25% nominations. 8. Offer of Accommodation Applicants will be given up to 24 hours to make a decision on a property following viewing. We recognise that domestic violence has a detrimental effect on the stability and security of individuals and families, their children and their tenancies. We will treat people with respect and dignity at all times, without judgment, and seek to establish trust and understanding. In doing so we will seek to ensure that ethnic, religious, gender and cultural needs are addressed. 5 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Where an RSL accommodates the tenant of another RSL partner to the scheme, the referring RSL will owe a property of similar size and type to the receiving RSL. Where an RSL is unable to provide a suitable reciprocal property within a reasonable period, for example because of a lack of suitable properties, the RSL is expected to offer an alternative (ie 2 x 2 bed properties in return for a 4 bed property) the decision of whether to accept such an offer would be at the discretion the RSL owed the property. 9. Provision of support We recognise that people experiencing domestic violence may need additional support and will work together with other agencies that specialize in responding to domestic violence. We will make referrals to other agencies where the person experiencing the violence agrees that we should do so, with the aim of delivering an holistic response to the needs of the family or individual. We are aware that some of the signatories to this protocol have more relevant experience and more resources available to enable them to provide support to residents. The signatories will work together to provide support to one another to ensure that residents receive a consistently high standard of service, regardless of landlord. Specifically, we will work together to assist one another to ensure that we each have staff with appropriate level of training and awareness of domestic violence issues. We recognise that each case, and each set of circumstances, is unique and that each will require an individual response. Signatories to this Agreement recognise that children and young people may live in households where domestic viole nce is present and they may be at risk as a result. Where there are concerns about the safety of children and young people their safety and security is paramount and if there are any doubts a referral must be made to Social Services or to the Police Child Protection Unit. 10. Monitoring and review The ELHP Homelessness Coordinator will undertake to monitor the working of this protocol initially and is to be copied into an Urgent Property Request email. A record of requests, completions, failed applicatio ns and properties owed between RSLs will be maintained by the Coordinator. Each signatory will be required to submit a quarterly return detailing property requests submitted, offers made and requests for accommodation not met. Monitoring reports (Appendix 5) are to be submitted by email using the monitoring form, as follows: Quarter 1 3rd August – 30th October Quarter 2 2nd November – 29th January Quarter 3 1st February – 30th April Quarter 4 3rd May – 30th July 6 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Reports should be submitted within 2 weeks of the end of the quarter. The signatories will meet as required to discuss the working of the protocol and any amendments required. Requests by other RSLs to sign up to the protocol will be by agreement of the participating partner RSLs. 11. Signatories ***** Housing Association .................................................................. Date .................................................................. *****Housing Association Date *****Housing Association .................................................................. Date 7 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Appendix 1 1. Domestic Violence – Urgent Property Request Form Property requested by …………………………………………………….............. (name of association) Contact person ……………………………………………......................... Tel ………………………….. email …………………....................... Tenant details Name of tenant ………………………….... age of tenant …………....... Address ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. Family details: Name ……………………………………………………………………………. relationship to tenant………………… age………….. gender……………... Name ……………………………………………………………………………. relationship to tenant………………… age………….. gender……………... Name ……………………………………………………………………………. relationship to tenant………………… age………….. gender……………... Name ……………………………………………………………………………. relationship to tenant………………… age………….. gender……………... Property Details Details of property currently occupied Property type ……………………………........................................... Number of bedrooms …………………………… 8 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Details of property required Property type ..........................................…………………………….. (indicate house/flat/maisonette) How many bedrooms are needed? ………………………………........................ Are there any special needs? ........................................................................... If Yes, please five details …………………………………………….............. ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ Location requested ………………………………………………….................. Date by which rehousing is required .................................................................. Rent account history …………………………………………………………….... ASB history …………………………………………………………….... Any other information …………………………………………………………....... ………………………………………………………………………………................ …………………………………………………………………………….................... Where can the tenant be contacted safely? Address …………………………………………………………….... ………………………………………………………………………………................ Telephone number …………………………………........................................ 9 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Appendix 2 East London DV Reciprocal Agreement Named Contacts RSL Named Email Telephone Person Community Leticia Addo email@example.com 020 7922 Based 8579 Housing Association (CBHA) East Homes Debbie firstname.lastname@example.com 020 8536 Purdy email@example.com 5780 Rochelle 020 8536 Blackman 3985 London and Helen firstname.lastname@example.com 020 8262 Quadrant (L Wipperman 4311 & Q) Metropolitan Walter firstname.lastname@example.com 020 8976 Housing Oglina 1000 Trust (MHT) One Gary email@example.com 020 8821 Housing Bennett 5115 Group (OHG) Peabody Samantha email@example.com 020 7021 Singlehurst 4017 Southern Helen Day email@example.com 020 8709 Housing Kay firstname.lastname@example.com 1177 Group Messam (SHG) Swan Andrea firstname.lastname@example.com 01277 O'Callaghan 844259 Family Sean email@example.com 020 8829 Mosaic Corcoran 4741 Sanctuary Leigh email@example.com 01992 Housing Clements email@example.com 513686 07769955460 Lettings Team Industrial Karl Stuart firstname.lastname@example.com 020 8800 Dwellings 9606 Society Poplar Audrey firstname.lastname@example.com 020 7510 HARCA Sutherland 0519 Tower Tracey firstname.lastname@example.com 020 7780 Hamlets Bellamy 3094 Community Housing 10 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Spitalfields Stephanie email@example.com 020 7392 Housing McDonald 5403 Association 07946738650 Eastend Gaye Brown email@example.com 020 8880 Homes 7836 07949 837554 Circleanglia Karen email@example.com 020 7204 Bailey 1565 Tower Sharon firstname.lastname@example.com 020 7364 Hamlets Allen 3887 Homes 07931368805 Tower Amma Amma.Antwi- 020 7364 Hamlets Antwi- firstname.lastname@example.com 0211 Lettings Yeboah Providence Fiona email@example.com 020 7920 Row Humphrey 7313 Housing Association Mitali Nazir email@example.com 020 7780 Housing Hafezjee 2232 Association 07918 727165 11 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Appendix 3 East London Housing Partnership Nominations Glossary of terms and guidance for completion Property Type and size – House /Flat / Maisonette/Bungalow – Number of bedrooms and number of bed spaces. 1st/ 2nd / 3rd etc nominee – please give priority order of shortlist with 1 st being the highest and 5th the lowest – subject to each Local Authority policy. Flag? – Where there are particular aspects of the applicant and household- such as information about risk, vulnerability, support and tenancy sustainment needs, that are required for a successful allocation to be made, the need to access further information is flagged. The contact details of whom further information can be obtained from should be included. CORE – Throughout the form there is a reference to CORE in each of these parts the information will relate to the relevant question contained within the standard CORE return. Risk Assessment – You are asked to complete a risk assessment under three categories – these should be rated either no risk or low, medium or high, if no information is available please state not known. Attached to this guidance note is a matrix which will assist you in making the rating. The matrix takes into account the severity of the risk against the likelihood of occurrence. For example Risk to other individuals - if an applicant committed a violent crime a number of years ago but there has be been a problem with the health of that applicant and no further incident has occurred, the severity might be severe but the likelihood unlikely giving a risk assessment of medium. Risk to applicant – If failure to provide information or take account of support need could result in self harm the severity is high however if that applicant has been receiving regular support and has made no attempt at self harm for a year you may consider it is still possible and so the risk remains high. Additionally if an applicant is blind and therefore needs to be advised of an offer via telephone rather than in writing and you are unclear of the availability of someone to read correspondence again the risk to the individual of unfair treatment is high. Risk to business – If an applicant has had previous problems with rent arrears and were evicted 5 years ago, however since that time they have maintained the housing charges in temporary accommodation the severity may be high but the likelihood of occurrence unlikely and therefore risk is medium. 12 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Support Needs Communication – can include hearing, sight, cognitive difficulties or language barriers Medical Assessment – please include any assessment information such as ground floor, up to 4th floor lifted etc. Vulnerability of any household member e.g Physical ill Frail elderly Homeless family Health/impairment Care leaver Single homeless Substance misuse At risk of domestic violence Gambling problem Violent to others Mental health problem Challenging behaviour Danger to children Arson Committed Sexual Learning Difficulties assault or exposure MAPPA case Risk of Self harm Leaving or recently left institution Offenders at risk Sex Worker Evicted for rent arrears Rough Sleeper Traveller Other (give details) Evicted for nuisance/ASB Vulnerable young person Tenancy sustainment – type of support required Benefits Budgeting Debt counselling Rent arrears Advice on utilities Advice on tenancy conditions Life skills training Access to more Employment support or supported housing training Access to meaningful Furniture or grant Assistance with daytime activity immigration status Visiting support On site support Little or no support (office hours) required Other give details Statutory Care Care Management by Drug Intervention ASBO social services Programme Statutorily homeless Care Programming Parenting order Approach (Mental Health Team) Eligible for RSI Multi-agency Public Other (details) protection Arrangements (MAPPA) Enhanced CPA Probation or Youth Offending order 13 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 RISK RATING TABLE SEV ERITY 1 NEGLIGIB LE 2 MODE RA TE 3 SEVERE LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE LOW LOW MEDIUM 1 UNLIKELY LOW MEDIUM HIGH 2 POSSIBLE MEDIUM HIGH HIGH 3 VERY LIKELY 14 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 East London Housing Partnership Nominations Form RSL: Attention of: Property (type & size) 1st /2nd/3rd/ Shortlist number Application Number 4th/5th Nominee: (Delete as appropriate) Flag: Y/N Flag Contact Details (see Support Contacts) ____________________________________ Nominee ______________________________________________________________ __ Current Address __________________________________________________________ Postcode: _______________ __ Tel No:________________ Email:________________ Household Details: Surname First D.O. Gend Relations Joint Income Nat Ins No. Name B er hip to Applicatio source Applicant n? CORE Q10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pregnant EDC Ethnic Origin of Applicant (CORE Q5) White British White Irish White Other Mixed White & Mixed White & Mixed White Mixed Black Black African & Asian Other Caribbean Asian or Asian Asian or Asian Asian or Asian or British - Indian British - Asian British Asian Pakistani - British - Bangladeshi Other Black or Black Black or Black Black or British - British - African Black British 15 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Caribbean - Other Chinese or Chinese or Gypsy/ Other ethnic Other ethnic Romany group - group - Other /Irish Chinese Traveller Refused Housing Access Route (CORE 15/17) Statutorily Statutorily Other Homeless and Homeless but not Homeless: owed a main owed a main Please specify homelessness homelessness duty duty Relocated via Other LA Nom a recognised mobility scheme Risk Assessment (Levels - no risk, low, medium or high) see matrix for guidance Risk Level Detail Risk to other individuals Risk to Applicant Risk to Organisations Risk to other individuals - Risk to staff, contractors, neighbours, other household member and the community from violent or dangerous applicant/member of applicant household if incomplete or inadequate information provided to ensure appropriate support provided. Risk to applicant - Risk to applicant/ household member of unfair treatment because of inadequate information, or self harm or abuse because of inadequate or inappropriate support provided. Risk to organisations - Risk to organisation of cost of tenancy failure, arrears, damage to property, higher void rates, dealing with anti social behaviour; risk to reputation through poor publicity, if incomplete or inadequate information provided to ensure appropriate support provide. Support Needs Communication Needs Medical Assessment / Needs Of Applicant Date Carried Out Vulnerability of any household member 16 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Tenancy Sustainment (Floating Support needs) Statutory Care (Mental Health, Social Services – Care Package) Contact Details of Support Provider Nominating Agency:……………………………………. Nominating Officer:……………………………………. Date: Contact Details: Accepted (Y/N) …… Rejected (Y/N) …… Refused Offer (Y/N)……. If accepted – Tenancy Start Date …………………. If rejected application – Reason Why If refused offer – Reason Why ………………………………………………………………. Once completed please return to: 17 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Appendix 4 Domestic Violence Risk Assessment Risk Indicator Checklist for use by IDVAs and other non-police agencies for MARAC case identification or when domestic abuse, 'honour'- based violence and/or stalking are disclosed Please explain that the purpose of asking these Yes No Don't State questions is for the safety and protection of the (tick) Know source individual concerned. of info Tick the box if the factor is present . Please if not use the comment box at the end of the form to the expand on any answer. victim It is assumed that your main source of e.g. information is the victim. If this is not the case police please indicate in the right hand column officer 1. Has the current incident resulted in injury? (Please state what and whether this is the first injury.) 2. Are you very frightened? Comment: 3. What are you afraid of? Is it further injury or violence? (Please give an indication of what you think (name of abuser(s)...) might do and to whom, including children) Comment: 4. Do you feel isolated from family/friends i.e. does (name of abuser(s)………..) try to stop you from seeing friends/family/doctor or others? Comment: 5. Are you feeling depressed or having suicidal thoughts? 6. Have you separated or tried to separate from (name of abuser(s)….) within the past year? 7. Is there conflict over child contact? 18 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Yes No Don't State (tick) Know source Tick box if factor is present. Please use the of info comment box at the end of the form to expand if not on any answer. the victim e.g. police officer 8. Does (……) constantly text, call, contact, follow, stalk or harass you? (Please expand to identify what and whether you believe that this is done deliberately to intimidate you? Consider the context and behaviour of what is being done.) 9. Are you pregnant or have you recently had a baby (within the last 18 months)? 10. Is the abuse happening more often? 11. Is the abuse getting worse? 12. Does (……) try to control everything you do and/or are they excessively jealous? (In terms of relationships, who you see, being 'policed at home', telling you what to wear for example. Consider 'honour'- based violence and specify behaviour.) 13. Has (……..) ever used weapons or objects to hurt you? 14. Has (……..) ever threatened to kill you or someone else and you believed them? (If yes, tick who.) You Children Other (please specify) 15. Has (………) ever attempted to strangle/choke/suffocate/drown you? 16. Does (……..) do or say things of a sexual nature that make you feel bad or that physically hurt you or someone else? (If someone else, specify who.) 19 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 17. Is there any other person who has threatened you or who you are afraid of? (If yes, please specify whom and why. Consider extended family if HBV.) 18. Do you know if (………..) has hurt anyone else? (Please specify whom including the children, siblings or elderly relatives. Consider HBV.) Children Another family member Someone from a previous relationship Other (please specify) Yes No Don't State (tick) Know source Tick box if factor is present. Please use the of info comment box at the end of the form to expand on if not any answer. the victim e.g. police officer 19. Has (……….) ever mistreated an animal or the family pet? 20. Are there any financial issues? For example, are you dependent on (…..) for money/have they recently lost their job/other financial issues? 21. Has (……..) had problems in the past year with drugs (prescription or other), alcohol or mental health leading to problems in leading a normal life? (If yes, please specify which and give relevant details if known.) Drugs Alcohol Mental Health 22. Has (……) ever threatened or attempted suicide? 20 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 23. Has (………) ever broken bail/an injunction and/or formal agreement for when they can see you and/or the children? (You may wish to consider this in relation to an ex-partner of the perpetrator if relevant.) Bail conditions Non Molestation/Occupation Order Child Contact arrangements Forced Marriage Protection Order Other 24. Do you know if (……..) has ever been in trouble with the police or has a criminal history? (If yes, please specify.) DV Sexual violence Other Violence Other Total 'yes' responses For consideration by professional: Is there any other relevant information (from victim or professional) which may increase risk levels? Consider victim's situation in relation to disability, substance misuse, mental health issues, cultural/language barriers, 'honour'- based systems and minimisation. Are they willing to engage with your service? Describe: Consider abuser's occupation/interests-could this give them unique access to weapons? Describe: What are the victim's greatest priorities to address their safety? Do you believe that there are reasonable grounds for referring this case to MARAC? Yes / No If yes, have you made a referral? Yes/No Signed: Date: 21 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Do you believe that there are risks facing the children in the family? Yes / No If yes, please confirm if you have made a referral to safeguard the children: Yes/No Date referral made........................................... Signed: Date: Name: Practitioners Notes: 22 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 PRACTICE GUIDANCE- HOW TO USE THE CHECKLIST This guidance aims to provide assistance to IDVAs 1 when completing the checklist with clients and to help them identify suitable cases to be reviewed at a MARAC. It is very important to ask all of the questions on the checklist. Please note that the 'don't know' option is included where the victim does not know the answer to a specific question and where ticking 'no' would give a misleadingly low risk level. This will also highlight to your agency and the MARAC where the gaps in information are and where you might need to gather further information. When to use the checklist: You should try and carry out a Risk Indicator Checklist (RIC) with every client disclosing abuse to you to help you identify the levels of risk a client may be exposed to and to offer appropriate services. Where the questions in the RIC refer to 'recent' or 'current', suggest a time span of several weeks to a month to your client. Other questions do allow for historical information, for example, 'separation within the past year' or 'has the perpetrator ever mistreated an animal or family pet'. In the questions relating to current/recent abuse, each practitioner will have to interpret what 'current' means in each case however in practice the risk indicator checklist will not easily apply to historical domestic abuse cases i.e. if most of the abuse has ceased and client is need of general support not crisis services. (N.B. Current/recent abuse covers the spectrum of emotional/physical/financial/sexual and psychological abuse). These indicators can be organised into factors relating to the behaviour and circumstances of the alleged perpetrator(s) and to the circumstances of the victim. Most of the available research evidence, upon which the following factors are based, is focused on male abusers and female victims in a current or previous intimate relationship. Generally these risk factors refer to the risk of further assault, although some are also linked to the risk of homicide and where this is the case, it is highlighted in the guidance below. We have also highlighted factors linked to 'honour'-based violence which must always be taken extremely seriously. Other risk factors relating to different groups or partnerships and children are less developed. The notes below give suggestions about how each question on the checklist could be interpreted in practice. They are intended to be an aid to practitioners considering how to ask the question or what additional questions might be useful to ask to gain contextual information that will help address the risks that victims face. Introducing the checklist to your client: It is important to explain your confidentiality, information sharing and MARAC referral policies before beginning to ask these questions. This will create transparency and clarity for the client about how and when the information 1 The guidance is designed specifically for IDVAs but was used by other professionals during the piloting of the checklist. Clearly some of the safety planning options identified will not apply t o all professionals reading this guidance. 23 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 they disclose might be used and shared. You should ask your client to sign a form confirming that they understand and consent to these policies, if possible, or explain that, if they agree, you will sign on their behalf confirming they have understood and consented to the policy over the telephone. Before you begin the checklist it may be useful to also gather: How much time the client has to talk to you; The safe contact details of the client in case the call is terminated or they have to leave in an emergency; Whether the perpetrator is around, due back or expected back at a certain time; If this is a telephone call, whether it is safe for them to talk right now? Introduce the concept of risk to your client and explain why you are asking these questions; You should also be aware that an LGBT person accessing services will have to disclose both domestic abuse and their sexual orientation or gender identity. Creating a safe and accessible environment where victims feel they can do this and using gender neutral terms such as partner/ex-partner is essential. ASKING THE QUESTIONS: Try to be familiar with the checklist before you work with your first client so that you feel confident about the relevance and implications of each question; Be sure that you have an awareness of the safety planning measures you can offer and put into place and are familiar with local and national resources to refer your client to, including specialist services. Q1. Has the current incident resulted in injury? PRACTICE POINT: It is important to understand the level of injury to identify if any current action needs to be taken: When did the incident occur? What injuries have been sustained. How does this compare to previous injuries? Establish what the worst injury and incident were. Does the victim need immediate medical attention? Has this incident been reported to the police? Q2. Are you very frightened? And Q3. What are you afraid of? Is i t further injury or violence? PRACTICE POINT: We are trying to understand the fears of the victim in relation to what the perpetrator/s may do to them. It is important to understand: 24 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 What is the victim frightened of? Who is the victim frightened of? It is important you identify who the perpetrator is. Note that in extended family violence there may be more than one perpetrator living within the home and who belongs to their wider family and community. It will also be useful to know where they live to build this into any risk management/safety plan. Who they are fearful for? (i.e. themselves/children/siblings/partners/parents). What do they think the perpetrator may do? What do they think the perpetrator is capable of? This could be physical or sexual abuse or murder of them/children/siblings/partners/parents. It might include fear of being forced into an engagement or marriage or being abducted to another country. It is important to note if they are fearful as a result of persistent stalking and harassment from the perpetrator/their associates as this can be associated with homicide. For examples of severe stalking behaviours refer to the completed abuse grid at the end of this document. Document these fears carefully. LGBT clients may fear that the perpetrator will disclose their gender identity or sexual orientation to their friends, family, colleagues It is important to listen carefully to the victims' perception of their safety and what it is the perpetrator may actually do. When victims are very frightened, when they report being afraid of further injury or violence, when they are afraid of being killed, and when they are afraid of their children being harmed, they are significantly more likely to experience additional violence, threats and emotional abuse (Robinson, 2006a). The victim will have intimate knowledge of the perpetrator's capacity to harm her/him and significant others. In cases of 'honour'-based violence, they will understand the family dynamic and view of 'honour'-based systems. However, minimising the abuse and blaming the abuse on themselves is common among victims of domestic abuse and practitioners should be aware that sometimes victims may not acknowledge current threats or actions as giving them cause for concern. It is important to use your professional judgement, register your concerns with the victim and note this on the risk indicator checklist and through the information sharing process at MARAC. Conversely, if the victim does express significant concern about their safety this should be taken seriously. Q4. Do you feel isolated from family/friends i.e. does (name of abuser(s)………… ) try to stop you from seeing friends/family/doctor or others? PRACTICE POINT: Perpetrators will often seek to isolate the victim from their normal support network of friends, family etc. In terms of safety planning, you will need to understand the extent of this isolation and whether there are any 'safe' ways to contact the victim. Some examples of isolation include: Dependence on the perpetrator through lack of financial resources; social or geographical separation from friends. No support networks. 25 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Kept away from support of agencies through threats by the perpetrator, for instance, that the services will take their children away or no one will believe them because they are crazy? For victims who are particularly vulnerable or socially isolated you may also consider whether the abuse has a specific cultural or community context, for example: You may want to ask how this is affecting their attendance at college/work/other events. Does the person who they are frightened of stop them from attending outside activities? Are they prevented from leaving the home unaccompanied or being 'policed at home'? Are they concerned about upholding family 'honour'? Does the perpetrator say they have a cultural/religious responsibility to protect his privacy? Do they feel the extended family and community reinforce the abuse? Are they threatening to disclose your sexual orientation/gender identity to your friends/family/work? It is important to note that within some communities and cultures isolation can be particularly acute and can be reinforced by the risk of forced marriage. The normal support network of siblings and parents may not be available and sexual assault, 'inappropriate relationships' and failed marriages are seen to dishonour not just the woman or girl but the family as well (Hayward 2000). Q5. Are you feeling depressed or having suicidal thoughts? PRACTICE POINT: When working with suicidal clients we need to be able to assess the seriousness of their intent, as for some victims the only way they may see the abuse ending is by ending their life. Medical staff will talk about the difference between 'suicidal ideas' and 'suicidal intention'. Having suicidal thoughts is not uncommon when we are stressed, depressed or experiencing major traumas. They become significant when they change from ideas to plans (intent) to carry out the act. Below are examples of important informatio n you should consider gathering if the victim is feeling depressed and or suicidal: Has there been a previous suicide attempt? Is there sleep disruption? How definite does the victim's plan of suicide appear? Does the victim have a support network? Is there a history of severe alcohol or drug abuse? Is there a history of previous psychiatric treatment or hospitalisation? Is there an unwillingness to use resources and support systems? Any client expressing suicidal ideas has to be taken very seriously. As the practitioner involved in the disclosures it will ultimately be your responsibility to share this information within your agency, at your MARAC and/or to a member of the primary health care team. You should encourage the victim to take the initiative to seek help themselves and explain the importance of their engagement with the information sharing process. 26 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 It is important to ensure that you are clear about your own agency's crisis/safety plan which incorporates advice for working with suicidal clie nts. Do not wait until an emergency arises, familiarise yourself with the procedure before hand and the resources or referral routes available to your client. Q6. Have you separated or tried to separate from (………) within the past year? PRACTICE POINT: Attempts to end a relationship are strongly linked to intimate partner homicide (Websdale 1999; Regan, Kelly, Morris and Dibb, 2007). It is therefore important that work is carried out to ensure that the victim can leave as safely as possible. You should explore with your client the different options of leaving whether this is in an emergency or as part of a longer term plan. Research suggests that women are particularly at risk within the first two months of leaving an abusive relationship (Wilson and Daly, 1993; ACPO Findings from the Multi-agency Domestic Violence Homicide Review Analysis, 2003). This reinforces the importance of offering your client support beyond the point of separation as this is when victims are particularly at risk of further violence/homicide and of thinking through the detail of any plan to separate safely. In cases of 'honour'-based violence, separation may be identified by the victim as an attempt to run away. You may also want to probe for additional information which is linked to other questions on the checklist, for example: If the client has separated from the abuser, when was this? Is the client currently leaving or planning to leave? Does the abuser threaten what they may do if the client leaves? For example, does (…..) say things like, 'if you were to ever leave me…' Is the client frightened by this? Is the client prevented from leaving due to family pressure or the threat of dishonour? Is the client prevented from leaving due to threats of being 'outed' to family/employer etc? Does the client's dependence on the perpetrator for physical care prevent escape? In some cases, you may be approached by different individuals (family/friends etc) to try and find out information that would identify the whereabouts of the victim. It is important to maintain client confidentiality at all times and establish with the victim whom it is safe to talk to in order to avoid putting them at greater risk. Q7. Is there conflict over child contact? PRACTICE POINTS: One study found that more than three-fourths of a sample of separated women suffered further abuse and harassment from their former partners and that child contact was a point of particular vulnerability for both the women and their children (Humphreys & Thiara, 2003). This has also been reiterated through research with IDVA projects confirming that harassment and stalking often continue post separation. Child contact is used by perpetrators to legitimise contact with ex-partners therefore when 27 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 considering the safety of the victim and children it is important to discuss informal contact and family routines in order to identify when victims and their children may be at risk. You may want to find out: How many children they have and whether they are from this or previous relationships. If the perpetrator has parental responsibility If there is any formal (via solicitors/Children's Services) or informal regulation of child contact Where the children go to school/after school activities. Does the perpetrator know this? Where they receive medical treatment? Does the perpetrator know this? If the perpetrator threatens to kidnap or harm the children? If they threaten to report the client to Children's Services or the family courts as being a 'bad mother' or threaten that the children will be removed from the client's care? If they threaten to send the children overseas or gain custody through other cultural/religious means? If they threaten to use the client's sexual orientation within the courts/Children's Services arena as a way to 'take the children?' These are important pieces of information for your agency (and the MARAC) to include in safety/risk management plans so that they can be built into any criminal or civil sanctions such as bail conditions, restraining orders, non molestation/occupation orders and orders under the Children Act. Q8. Does (……) constantly text, call, contact, follow, stalk or harass you? (Please expand to identify what and whether you believe that this is done deliberately to intimidate you? Consider the context and behaviour of what is being done) PRACTICE POINTS: Please ensure you ask the victim about the abuser's behaviour (remembering that there may be more than one perpetrator); if the victim feels they are being stalked ask them to clearly describe what happens. You may find it useful to ask whether there are certain patterns to the abuse, and to keep a log of incidents. This may become a useful form of evidence in criminal and civil proceedings. Stalking frequently occurs at the point of separation, but can also occur within an abusive relationship where the couple are still together. The following are additional high risk factors which may indicate future violence in cases of harassment and stalking: Pursuit of the victim during/after separation Vandalising or destroying property Turning up unannounced and/or loitering around the workplace/home/school Following the victim or loitering near the victim Threatening the victim and/or others with suicide, homicide or sexual violence e.g. 'if I can't have you nobody will' Calling/texting/emailing continuously and obsessively Sending letters/notes/items/'gifts' Engaging others to help 28 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Acting violently to anyone else during the stalking incident Making contact around certain anniversaries', birthdays or dates. Children of the relationship may also be used to permit harassment and stalking of your client. The perpetrator may obtain information or items from children that could place your client at risk, for example: Keys to the property. New addresses of work, school, and home. Q9. Are you pregnant or have you recently had a baby (within the past 18 months)? PRACTICE POINT: If yes, note whether she is pregnant or has just given birth. The answers to the following questions will provide useful context: What is the estimated due date of the pregnancy? Does the perpetrator know of the pregnancy? Is it his child? Does the perpetrator target any attacks or abuse towards the client's stomach area? Do a midwife and other professionals i nvolved know about the pregnancy and the domestic abuse? How does the client feel about being pregnant? Was this a planned pregnancy? In many cases you may find that victims are unsure about continuing with a pregnancy. You should be prepared to discuss this with your client and be able to refer the victim to pregnancy advisory services so that all of their options can be explored. Some clients may describe that being pregnant keeps them safe from physical harm, as this is the only period when their partner does not physically abuse them. Using the supplementary information gathered about the pregnancy you should consider establishing a safety plan for the birth and for after the baby is born. The presence of children increases the risk of domestic violence for women (Walby and Allen 2004). There is a significant association between risk and the number of children in a household, the greater the number the higher the risk (Barnish 2004, Sidebotham and Heron 2006, Hindley, Ramchandani and Jones 2006). You may wish to consider how the presence of children impacts on the women's ability to use safety strategies and increases her dependence on the abuser. The presence of step children in particular increases the risk to both the child and the woman. (Garcia and Soria 2007, Brewer and Paulsen 1999 and Cavanagh et al 2007). If step children (not the biological children of the abuser) are present it is worth exploring the following questions and considering a referral to children's services. What is the quality of the relationship between the abuser and step child? Has there been abusive behaviour from the abuser towards the step child? 29 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Clearly, young children are extremely vulnerable in situations of domestic abuse and consideration must be given both to the risks that they face and the risks to the mother. The London Safeguarding Children Board Procedures state that any single incident of domestic violence towards a mother of a baby under 12 months old (whether the child is present or not) should require a professional to make a referral to the local authority children's social care while other research suggests that children under 18 months of age are the most vulnerable in these situations. Violence towards a pregnant woman can also represent abuse to an unborn child. Unborn children can become the subject of child protection procedures. Your service will need to consider when it is appropriate to refer such situations to Children's Services Q10. Is the abuse happening more often? and Q11. Is the abuse getting worse? PRACTICE POINT: Previous domestic violence is the most effective indicator that further domestic violence will occur. 35% of households have a second incident within five weeks of the first (Walby and Myhill, 2000). In cases of 'honour'-based violence, previous family history including towards siblings can be very relevant. To help your client answer this question you may need to follow this up by asking: When was the last incident? How many have there been in the last twelve months? Are they happening more often? Is this incident worse than the last incident? If so how? These questions may deliver a more specific, tangible answer for you to develop a risk management plan. You might suggest that your client keeps a diary or log of incidents to help document the escalation in frequency and severity. Q12. Does (…….) try to control everything you do and/or are they excessively jealous? (In terms of relationships, who you see, being 'policed at home', telling you what to wear for example. Consider 'honour'-based violence and stalking and specify the behaviour.) PRACTICE POINT: Recent research (Regan, Kelly, Morris and Dibb 2007) has highlighted the importance of coercive control and jealous surveillance as important indicators of risk. Some of this information from this question may overlap with the earlier question about isolation. The following prompts may be useful: If the perpetrator(s) is controlling, what do they do? Examples of controlling behaviour may include: Being made to account for time and whereabouts Isolation from friends and family Interception of mail/telephone calls Accusations of infidelity 30 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Being prevented from taking medication Extreme dominance Being prevented from leaving the house Making threats that children will be removed if victim reports Extreme jealousy, e.g. "if I can't have you no one else can" Use of the victim's religion to control Do they ask anyone else to carry this out for them? For example other family members or friends. Consider 'honour'-based violence – a victim may not have 'usual' freedom of choice, may be heavily 'policed' at home or unable to leave the home address except under escort or children may be used to control the victim's behaviour. There may be certain behaviours that would be deemed unacceptable in a particular community and that could trigger serious harm or homicide. Have they been abusive to others, for e.g. new partner/ex-partner, other family members, and work colleagues? Consider how the perpetrator may use someone's sexual orientation or gender identity to control and abuse them (e.g. saying they deserve the abuse because they are LGB or T or that no -one will help them or believe them or that they will disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity to their friends, family, colleagues); They may also question the victim's gender identity or sexual orientation and make them feel guilty or ashamed. If you are a professional who comes into contact with the perpetrator, consider how they might try to control you too. Once you have identified the extent of control the perpetrator has over the victim you should then move to identify windows of opportunity to talk or meet with the victim in the future. Q13. Has (……..) ever used weapons or objects to hurt you? PRACTICE POINT: Supplementary questions may cover: Has this last incident involved the use of any weapons? Does the perpetrator have access to weapons through friends/acquaintances/employment? Does the perpetrator have military or martial arts training? Does this significantly concern either the client or the IDVA? It may be useful to include examples of 'objects' that can be used as weapons so that clients can relate the question to their situation. Thus, the question aims to cover not just weapons such as knives or guns but also household objects which may be used as weapons, for example: Towel rails Ashtrays Children's toys Family pets 31 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 This information is useful to identify both risks to the victim and risks to other professionals attending the home or working with the perpetrator. You will need to consider notifying the police and any relevant professionals who may attend the home. If this case is referred to MARAC it is something you should prompt professionals to log within their own agencies for any staff attending the home. Q14. Has (…… ) ever threatened to kill you or someone else and did you believe them? PRACTICE POINT: It may be useful to ask additional questions: Who is threatening to kill the client? The threat may be from many members of the family, extended family or community in 'honour' cultures What threats does the perpetrator make? How do they threaten to kill the client or others? Who else have they threatened to kill? i.e. children, partners, pets etc. Who else have they told that they intend to kill the client or others? Sometimes such threats are made to third parties including police and probation officers. It is important not to minimise the threat that a victim discloses to you. Some victims may minimise the threats to kill but in those circumstances it is important to assess whether the victim is genuinely frightened by the threats as in question two. If the victim is considering reporting these threats to the police it is important to manage their expectations about what action the police may be able to take. As a service you may need to discuss with your local Community Safety Unit/Domestic Violence Unit/Public Protection Unit what evidence they may require to substantiate a charge of threats to kill. Q.15 Has (………) ever attempted to strangle/choke/suffocate/drown you? PRACTICE POINT: It may be useful to ask additional questions to assess the seriousness of this risk: When did they attempt to strangle/choke/suffocate/drown you? What did they do? (Did they use implements i.e. shoe laces or use their hands) How often do they do this? Did you/do you lose consciousness? Any such attempts should be taken very seriously. Q16. Does (……) do or say things of a sexual nature that make you feel bad or that physically hurt you or someone else? (If someone else, specify who.) 32 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 PRACTICE POINT: This may appear a difficult question to ask a victim especially if this is the first conversation you have had. You may find it helpful to frame the question for example: Many clients I have talked to in the past have talked to me about their partner/ex partner doing or saying things of a sexual nature that made them feel bad or that physically hurt them. Has this ever happened to you? If they say yes, you may then wish to use the following prompts for more detail: What took place? It is important to be aware that rape, sexual abuse and intimidation are not always identified as such by the victim. Thus, it is important as a practitioner that you are able to talk to your client about the range of sexual abuse they may be experiencing for example: Intimidation and pressure to have sexual intercourse including use of weapons. Use of sexual insults. Unwanted sexual touching including use of objects. Inflicting pain during sex. Sexual abuse of children. Exposing children and/or client to pornographic material. Refusal to use contraception or have safe sex. Exploiting the victim through the taking of photographs and videos; threatening to expose them to friends/family/colleagues with this material. Forcing the victim to have sexual intercourse with other people or into prostitution. Once you have identified what type of sexual abuse is being perpetrated against them, it is useful to know: When did this happen? How often does this happen? What did they do? Did you talk to anyone or report this to the police or seek medical attention? Have they done this to anyone else for e.g. children or a previous partner? Is the client concerned about any sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy as a result of the attacks? If there has been a recent attack then you can offer the services of the local SARC/A&E/Police for further medical or legal investigation. Q17. Is there any other person who has threatened you or whom you are afraid of? (If yes, please specify who and why. Consider extended family if HBV.) 33 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 The client may also have been threatened by someone else and/or appear much more frightened than you might expect. They may cite instances of behaviour that would be quite acceptable in one culture, but not in theirs. Examples of this in relation to 'honour'-based violence might include: Smoking in public; Inappropriate make up or dress; Truanting; A relationship not being approved of by family and/or community; Rejection of religion or religious instruction; Rejection of an arranged marriage; Pre-marital conflict or pre-marital or extra marital affair; Reporting domestic abuse; Running away; Sexual conduct – talking, kissing, intimacy in a public place; Pregnancy outside of marriage; Being a reluctant immigration sponsor; Attempts to separate/divorce, Sexual orientation (including being gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender) If you do think this is a risk, you will need to establish whether relatives, including female relatives, might conspire, aid, abet or participate in the abuse or killing. For example, younger relatives may be selected, to avoid senior family members being arrested and due to the perception that younger offenders may receive a more lenient penalty. Sometimes contract killers (bounty hunters) are employed. You should consider whether the victim's partner, children, associates or their siblings are also at risk. Professionals should assess the following factors in relation to the nature of the risk, and actions they may take as part of a safety plan. the ongoing relationship or connection between the perpetrator(s) and victim may enhance vulnerability to future abuse and act as a barrier to help-seeking options; other siblings being subject of similar issues; strong extended family network; family may seek to locate and pressurise victim; family may seek to remove/abduct victim, including taking the victim abroad; threat to new partner/ex-partner; the perpetrator(s) history of abusing others in a domestic context or of other violent behaviour. Q18. Do you know if (………..) has hurt anyone else? (Please specify whom including the children, siblings or elderly relatives. Consider HBV.) PRACTICE POINT: Perpetrators do not tend to discriminate in terms of who they are abusive towards. Research shows that it tends to be part of a perpetrator's pattern of repeated aggression toward other persons persisting 34 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 over the life course, with a series of victims including siblings, schoolmates, dating partners, strangers, partner and/or work colleagues (Richards, 2004; Fagan, Stewart and Hansen, 1983; de Becker, 1999). The information revealed will point you to what other support agencies need to be involved with the family for example, Children and Young People's Services or the Protection of Vulnerable Adults team. It is important to identify the following: Who these other victims are; If they are children, how and when were they harmed? Current whereabouts of these other victims; Dates of birth of these children (for identification purposes); Q19. Has (……….) ever mistreated an animal or the family pet? PRACTICE POINT: Experts increasingly recognise a correlation between cruelty to animals and domestic violence (Cohen and Kweller, 2000). For families suffering domestic violence or abuse, the use or threat of abuse against companion animals is often used for leverage by the controlling/violent member of the family to keep others in line or silent. The violence may be in the form of intimate partner violence, child abuse (both physical and sexual), or elder abuse. This may be an important factor in whether the victim is willing to enter into refuge/emergency accommodation as these shelters may not take animals and therefore alternatives may need to be found to accommodate the who le family. There are some organisations that operate animal fostering services that may be of use to the victim until they are in accommodation that will accept pets. Q20. Are there any financial issues? For example, are you dependent on (…..) for money/have they recently lost their job/other financial issues? PRACTICE POINT: Exploring this question will also allude to the level of isolation and control the perpetrator has over the victim. Consider these points and additional questions to gain clarity over the financial control and issues: Are there any issues regarding the victims' access to public funds. Victims who have no recourse to public funds may be entirely reliant on their spouse for financial support. Check whether they jointly claim benefits. Victims who are on a low income or on no income at all may not be allowed by the perpetrator to claim benefits in their own right. Does the perpetrator restrict/withhold/deny access to joint/family finances? Has the client been forced into taking on loans/re mortgages and is the client responsible for the repayments and any defaults? Check whose names these debts are in. 35 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Finances will need to be considered by all practitioners when considering safety options. Welfare grants or subsistence allowa nces may need to be negotiated between agencies to allow the victim access to some funds for accommodation or travel to accommodation. In some situations your client may need advice on benefits and/or debt management. Q21. Has (……..) had problems in the past year with drugs (prescription or other), alcohol or mental health leading to problems in leading a normal life? (If yes, please specify which and give relevant details if known.) PRACTICE POINT: This includes serious problems in the past year with illicit drugs, alcohol or prescription drugs that leads to impairment in social functioning (health, relationships etc.) It also includes perpetrator depression (Regan, Kelly, Morris and Dibb 2007). A victim may be acutely aware of how alcohol or drugs affect the perpetrator and may also blame the abuse on the addiction of the perpetrator. The victim may be reluctant for the police or any agency knowing about the abuse for fear they would find out about the perpetrators involvement with or use of drugs. They may fear incrimination themselves and they may fear the repercussions from the perpetrator. This question needs to be managed carefully and attention paid as to what the victim's concerns are around this issue. The victim and perpetrator may also be using the same or similar substances and therefore be accessing the same services, suppliers and places. You may also find it useful to establish: How often does the perpetrator drinks/uses drugs? Do they have an addiction? Are the drugs prescription or illegal? In relation to any mental health conditions: Has the perpetrator been diagnosed with mental health conditions? Are they receiving support or intervention for this (this could be in the form of counselling, prescription drugs etc?) Has there been a recent change in the perpetrator's mental health? Are there other triggers to violent behaviour? Q22. Has (……) ever threatened or attempted suicide? PRACTICE POINT: It may also be useful to ask if the perpetrator self harms as suicidal behaviour is evidenced by a history of suicide attempts, self-harm or suicidal ideation. Homicidal behaviour is evidenced by the same. Thus if a perpetrator threatens suicide, one should be alert to the heightened risk of homicide to others (Menzies, Webster a nd Sepejak, 1985; Regan, Kelly, Morris and Dibb, 2007). Homicide-suicide occurs when the perpetrator murders the family and then commits suicide. Depression and suicidal symptoms may often be a pre- cursor to this and the most common factors in such cases is that the perpetrator needs to control the relationship. Declarations such as 'If I can't 36 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 have her, then no-one can' are recurring features of domestic homicides and the killer frequently intends to kill themselves too (Wilson and Daly, 1993; Richards, Findings from the Multi-agency Domestic Violence Homicide Review Analysis, 2003). The victim may indicate that they are frightened that the perpetrator may kill themselves, children and victim. You which you would want to highlight these at the MARAC. If there are any immediate concerns, you should consider sharing this information with the police and Children's Services. Q23. Has (………) ever broken bail/an injunction and/or formal agreement for when they can see you and/or the children? (You may wish to consider this in relation to an ex-partner of the perpetrator if relevant.) PRACTICE POINT: Previous violations of criminal or civil orders may be associated with an increased risk of future violence. Similarly, previous violations of contact or non-contact orders may be associated with an increased risk of future violence. As a practitioner, you should consider breaches of court mandated contact arrangements, agreements with Children's Services about contact with children and breaches of civil or criminal court orders. The victim may be aware that the perpetrator has breached bail or injunctions in relation to a previous partner. Equally, as a professional, you may be aware of this when the victim is unaware. Such information will need to be handled delicately and advice sought whether it is proportionate for you to disclose this for the victim's safety. Victims who have experienced breaches of bail/court orders in the past may not have had a positive experience of how the police or the courts responded to these. If this is a reality for the victim they may be very reluctant to pursue any of these options now. The role of an IDVA is to try and secure a more positive experience for your client through these processes. That process begins by being realistic with them about how your local police/courts/solicitors currently perform in similar situations to your clients. If there is a history of breaches it is important for you to know the detail of these breaches as it should be relevant information for the police/solicitors and ultimately the courts in any future civil or criminal court action. Q24. Do you know if (……..) has ever been in trouble with the police or has a criminal history? (If yes, please specify.) PRACTICE POINT: As with question 23, the victim may not know or not want to disclose the criminal activity of the perpetrator for fear of further reprisals from the perpetrator (or other family members) or for fear of incriminating themselves. This should be carefully explored so that you know what the barriers may be to reporting to the police and other agencies. Additional questions that could follow: Is the record for domestic abuse? With this partner? Another partner? Other violence? 37 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Other criminal record? The victim may be unaware of other criminal behaviour and so you may need to review the answer to this question with your local police CSU/PPU. Information about other criminal activity can both add to our understanding of the risks a perpetrator might pose and also potentially give other options to manage their behaviour. There may be situations where your referral has come from the police and you are made aware of a perpetrators' criminal history. If so, you will need to be very sensitive to the fact that the victim may not be aware of this. The IDVA should discuss with the police what information they might be able to share with the victim. It is important to note that offenders with a history of violence are at increased risk of harming their partner, even if the past violence was not directed towards intimate partners or family members (Stuart & Campbell, 1989; Regan, Kelly, Morris and Dibb, 2007). Research shows that abuse tends to be part of a perpetrator's pattern of repeated aggression towards other persons persisting throughout their life, with a series of victims from siblings to schoolmates to dating partners to strangers to spouse (Richards, 2004; Fagan, Stewart and Hansen, 1983). When histories of violent people are examined, a consistency begins to emerge in their approaches to interpersonal relationships (Richards, 2004). The exception to this relates to 'honour'-based violence, where the perpetrator(s) will commonly have no other recorded criminal history. 38 RSL DV Reciprocal draft 4 Appendix 5: Domestic violence protocol – quarterly monitoring report Name of association ………………………………........................................... Report for quarter …...........(insert number) Property requests made: Type of property Association(s) Property offered Property Property requested (size, asked to assist (address) suitable accepted property type, Yes/no Yes/no location) Property requests received: Type of property Association Property offered Property requested (size, requesting (address) accepted property type, location property yes/no Other support offered or provided: Date Type of support (advice, counselling.) Agency Referred To Cross Borough Boundaries Who was informed If this was a move across borough boundaries was the receiving borough informed of any special needs? 39
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Baby wipes can be used on more than just babies! They can be used as a wet napkin on a picnic or a wipe to clean up a mess. Baby wipes are a must have on any road trip regardless the age of your children.
Posted in: Baby, Family Matters, Kids
Baby wipes can be used on more than just babies! They can be used as a wet napkin on a picnic or a wipe to clean up a mess. Baby wipes are a must have on any road trip regardless the age of your children.
Kids need plenty of physical activity, but if they're couch potatoes, that can be a challenge.
Take the lead and be a good example: play WITH your kids!
Did you know that Mother's Day was first declared a national holiday nearly 100 years ago?
Since 1914, we've marked the second Sunday of every May as a day to honor those special women who brought us into the world—our mothers!
Because they do so much for us, we've got some great ideas for recipes and gifts to show our love and appreciation. This May 8, show your mother how much you care and make Mother's Day a special day just for her!
Did you know that all infant formulas sold in the US are subject to the same regulations governing manufacturing and ingredients per the Infant Formula Act of 1980?
Store Brands formulas, while value priced, meet the same exact FDA nutritional requirements as all the National Brands, while offering substantial savings. Top Care Baby Formula is available in all Brookshire's stores. Like all formulas, Top Care is nutritionally complete and meets the nutritional guidelines determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Earth Day is April 22nd this year and you can celebrate by making a planter from reusable material like an old milk jug. Save your milk cartons, cut the tops off and wash them out. Collect old newspapers and magazines from around the house. Let your children cut out pictures in newspapers or magazines to decorate their milk jug planters.
Help them glue their pictures onto the jugs. Set aside the planters for a few hours so the glue can dry. Poke a few holes into the bottom of the planter and fill with potting soil. Help your children plant seeds or flowers and watch them grow throughout the spring!
Springtime is here! I am sure you have heard the saying "plant the seed and watch it grow". I believe this pertains to two things – first, the examples we set for our children daily in the way we live our lives in speech and actions and secondly, taking a small seed, planting it in dirt and watching it grow into something that nourishes others. These two basically work together and both benefit our children (and family) in a positive manner.
Have your kids save seeds out of items you purchase in the produce department like squash, bell pepper, watermelon, cantaloupe, etc., lay them out to dry on a paper towel and then find some time to work together to plant the seeds. If you don't have a little extra room in the yard or flower bed, just take a Food Club Gallon Milk jug, cut the top ¼ part off, poke a few small holes in the bottom (for water to drain), fill with potting soil and you have a homemade planter.
By taking time to plant a few "seeds" for food you are also planting "seeds" in your child by showing them the importance of family togetherness. When the seeds break ground and start to grow your child will see the miraculous results…what a life changing experience that they are sure to share with others. How excited they will be when they pick their first squash from the stem and sit down at a meal to enjoy as a family.
A little dirt and a few minutes of your time…"plant the seed" and watch your child grow and flourish as an individual and your family as a whole. Make time to "plant the seeds", then sit back and be amazed as the blessings grow in more ways than one. Give thanks daily for the time you share with your family!
When the weather is warm and the sun is shining, I enjoy spending as much time as possible outdoors. One outdoor activity that I enjoy is walking my dog. If you're taking your dog on a walk, ASPCA suggests bringing along water and treats. It's not only important to keep yourself hydrated while being outdoors, but also keeping your dog hydrated.
I always carry a jar of water and a plastic bowl with me when taking my dog on a walk. Periodically, my dog and I will stop for a brief water break to help hydrate ourselves. Another item to bring is your dog's favorite treats. You never know when the perfect training opportunity will arise and it's important to have treats to reward your dog for good behavior.
Spring is a favorite season for many people, and it is certainly easy to understand why this is so. Spring is when the trees begin to bud, flowers start to bloom, and gardeners plant their first seedlings. There is no doubt that this is a beautiful time of the year.
Around my home, Spring means different things to each family member. My animal loving daughter is outside creating her own world with her many animal friends. My son is dressed in his army gear, building forts in the back yard, while my husband is planning his next big home makeover project. That leaves me keeping up with all of them, while trying to find time for a few of my own projects.
The Spring weather has allowed us to tackle some of these projects around the house while keeping the whole family involved in what I like to call "family time". It really doesn't matter what we are doing during "family time" it's just about being together. My daughter enjoys doing things outdoors, so last weekend we decided to put in a small vegetable garden. She and I picked the perfect location… in our flowerbed. Not a lot of work required here. We hoed a section till the soil looked just right for planting. Then together we planted onions, yellow bell peppers and chives. She helps with watering and looks forward to seeing the garden's progress every day. Hopefully the end results will be that she and I together can harvest our fresh vegetables and I can show her how to prepare them in a delicious meal for the family.
So, while the weather is right, get outdoors and enjoy Spring and some quality "family time". Plant a small vegetable garden, rake leaves, wash the car, or simply have dinner outside on the patio. Whatever you choose for your "family time" you can rest assure your kids will remember the time you spent with them!
Baby wipes are not just for the baby, but for the whole family. When going on a road trip there's always a generic list of items you pack, like snacks, drinks, flashlights and blankets. An item you may want to add to your list, if it's not already on it, is baby wipes. When traveling with small children, spills can easily happen. Having baby wipes handy can quickly clean up any spills along the way.
Young children love to touch everything! After a stop on your trip, you can use the baby wipes to clean your children's hands. Baby wipes can also be used throughout your trip to clean surfaces, like the handles of a shopping cart.
Next time you are planning a short trip to the grocery store or a long trip to see grandma, don't forget to pack your baby wipes!
Serves: 42
Prep Time: 1 hour 20 minutes
1 (16 oz) pkg Food Club Sandwich Cookies
1 (8 oz) pkg Food Club Fat Free Cream Cheese
2 (8 oz) pkg white chocolate
Place cookies in a zip-top bag and let your kids mash them until they are fine. In a large bowl combine cookie crumbs and cream cheese, mix until well combined. With crumb mixture make 42 balls. Place white chocolate into a microwave safe bowl, start out with 30 seconds and microwave until melted. Once chocolate is melted dip each ball into the chocolate until well covered. Place balls on wax paper and set aside for 1 hour.
Nutritional Information: Calories per Serving: 134, Fat: 8 g (4 g Saturated Fat), Cholesterol: 18 mg, Sodium: 83 mg, Carbohydrates: 15 g, Fiber: 0 g, Protein: 1 g.
© 2010, Brookshire Grocery Co. Nutrient counts are rounded to the nearest whole number. All dietary and lifestyle changes should be supervised by a physician.
Each Monday we feature a new or interesting product.
Tips on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, every Tuesday.
On Wednesdays, get a tip or idea on using an item in the circular.
Ideas for the whole family come to you every Thursday.
Stop fighting the crowds, save money and dine in, every Friday.

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Posted 12/19/2014 12:38:19 EST
Gary: That would be "Wil Myers"; one "L" and one "E".
Posted 12/10/2014 01:53:39 EST
But you can still buy your Panda bears at the souvenir store across the street!! And bricks are still for sale if anyone's still interested.
Posted 12/10/2014 01:44:06 EST
Hmm, so they continually overcharge you because you continually look at the PDF of the online menu every single time. Yet you continually look at their same PDF menu online. And again. Maybe next time more »
Posted 12/10/2014 01:36:28 EST
*Life's(so much for my liberal arts degree, can't even post a comment correctly) more »
Posted 12/10/2014 01:35:17 EST
I work in academia and know of quite a few pompous professors like Edelman. They walk around campus like they're God's gift to the University. Everyone, including the university president, must bow to more »
Posted 12/10/2014 01:31:11 EST
We're/I'm not too dumb to think independently. My initial thought is that Edelman lives 1/2 mile from Sichuan Garden. He obviously has dined there before, and likes their food. So wouldn't it be in bo more »
Posted 12/10/2014 01:10:48 EST
Similarly, can Edelman's students get triple their tuition back? Clearly they were under the assumption that his class was being taught by an actual professor, but instead was taught by a pr!ck. more »
Posted 12/10/2014 01:00:48 EST
@2ools - call you a racist? Ok, you're a racist. more »
Posted 11/03/2014 01:12:56 EST
Quincy Market is fine the way it is, people who come from around the world to visit Boston are drawn to the Marketplace by its charm and character. Yes, fix the 1970s lamps and the cobblestones (your more »
Posted 10/14/2014 02:04:32 EDT
One of the main reasons games take so long to wrap up is the constant fouling at the end of games. I think one way to rid that practice is to give the team that is fouled within the final 2 minutes of more »
Posted 09/19/2014 01:10:22 EDT
Precisely. So if Pujols and Trout and Stanton were on the team, that's too many righties and we need more lefties like Drew and JBJ? No thanks. I'll take a lineup who can hit and get on base, not a bu more »
Posted 09/17/2014 03:55:16 EDT
Congrats, Sanjay! The house hunt is definitely filled with fun and frustration, with weekends taken up by open house visits and stepping into a variety of homes. I have to say one of the first things more »
Posted 09/08/2014 01:45:47 EDT
To which Wright replied, "I like my dental hygienist, I think she's really pretty. Just before my appointment, I eat an entire box of Oreo cookies."Oh wait, wrong one. more »
Posted 09/04/2014 02:31:52 EDT
When you strike out looking four times in a game, I don't care who the pitcher is, you've lost your way as a major league hitter. He's not guessing right anymore, and not reacting or reading the pitch more »
Posted 07/22/2014 03:47:42 EDT
Dewey is my favorite Sox of all-time, so I give you some cred to your comment. However, you have to recall that Yaz did have 2 hits in that deciding game against NY in '78, one was a HR against eventu more »
Posted 05/14/2014 01:47:06 EDT
When you do appeal a ticket at City Hall, bring as much evidence as you can. For instance, I got ticketed for parking within 10 feet of a hydrant. I was actually about 12 feet from it, I took pictures more »
Posted 05/14/2014 01:24:43 EDT
Just an FYI, that would be the 1970 Stanley Cup Finals, not the 1972 one. more »
Posted 03/13/2014 03:46:10 EDT
How about if they shift Dale over to the 2-6 and then move... who the heck even cares?!? EEI lost legions of listeners like myself long ago, and are just ahead of WBUR each ratings period. Steak 'n eg more »
Posted 03/12/2014 01:03:53 EDT
Thanks for the share, Nuage.
Get well, Pevs.
Posted 03/11/2014 01:01:21 EDT
Get well, Pevs! As an aside to those (Gotham77) who thought the game should have gone on, Columbus Blue Jackets coach Todd Richards knew Peverley having coached him for two years. He was very shaken u more »
Posted 01/31/2014 01:09:45 EST
Take Jaimie Erdahl, who's actually very good, from the Bruins telecasts, put her in Jenny's spot, and bring back Naoko to cover the B's.
Posted 01/23/2014 12:57:51 EST
How is it that teacher's unions get better $$ by working overtime? First of all, there's no overtime for school teachers. They get paid a salary and have to work a 180-something day school year. If more »
Posted 01/22/2014 01:02:17 EST
All I know is, it ain't a "powerful nor'easter" unless Shelby Scott is out there.
Posted 06/26/2013 05:04:38 EDT
So is it "Attleboro" or "Attleborough"?
Posted 03/12/2013 12:28:50 EDT
@noname109 I agree, well said.
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
The 1905 Stanley Cup Challenge
by Paul on 04/27/07 at 11:04 AM ET
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A fascinating story of rambunctious vagabond gold seekers who, in typical Klondike fashion, dream big and become Stanley Cup silver seekers.
It's a story about the players, the trip, and life in the north.
Most importantly it's a story about hockey - the common passion.
Read the whole story at Legends of Hockey.
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Lasko Oscillation Ceramic Tower 5118 BTUs Electric Space Heater with Remote Control
Lasko Oscillation Ceramic Tower 5118 BTUs Electric Space Heater with Remote Control
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Ceramic
|Finish: Gray; Black
|Powder Coated Finish: Yes
|Grille Finish: Black
|Number of Items Included: 4
|Pieces Included: Heater, remote control, 2 AAA batteries
|Non-Skid: Yes
|Non Toxic: Yes
|Amperage: 12.7 Amps
|BTU Output: 5118 BTUs
|Voltage: 120 Volts (V)
|Frequency: 60 Hertz
|Wattage: 1500 Watts (W)
|LCD Display: Yes
|Application: Portable
|Installation Type: Tower
|Blower Included: Yes
|Timer Included: Yes
|Remote Included: Yes
|Grille Included: Yes
|Internal Fan Included: Yes
|Power Source: Electric
|Number of Fan Speeds: 1
|Air Filter Included: No
|Air Purifying: No
|Thermostat Included: Yes
|Automatic Shutoff: Yes
|Phase: Single phase
|Oscillating: Yes
|Casters or Wheels: No
|Handle Included: Yes
|Indoor Use: Yes
|Outdoor Use: No
|Eco-Friendly: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Assembly Required: No
|Installation Required: No
|Additional Parts Required: No
|Product Warranty: 3 Years
|Energy Star Compliant: No
About the ManufacturerLASKO PRODUCTS INC. offers an array of products that they are pleased to offer to you!
LASKO PRODUCTS INC. offers a range of products that provide great value at good prices all year long.
Lasko Metal Products was founded in 1906 by Mr. Henry Lasko in Philadelphia. Over the years, the product line was adapted to capture changing consumer needs. As America moved to the suburbs in the mid-20th century, Lasko expanded into small appliances, fans and household heaters.From there, company growth continued and American manufacturing locations expanded to Tennessee and Texas where production continues today.
Lasko has been engineering and building great-looking, high performance home comfort products in the U.S. and around the world for more than 100 years. The company has grown to an international organization and market leader in portable fans and ceramic heaters. Lasko is still owned and operated by the Lasko family – and it shows in every product with the Lasko name. Lasko products can be found at most retailers and many online sites.
Lasko Oscillation Ceramic Tower 5118 BTUs Electric Space Heater with Remote Control
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
Customer Reviews
|5 star
|4 star
|3 star
|2 star
|1 star
Just what I needed!
Steph from Winter Park, FL – Verified Buyer– Top 5 Reviewer
We bought this to go in my daughter's nursery. It is fantastic. The automatic function allows you to set a temperature and it will come on/go off to keep her room at the temperature we set it on. Be sure to read over the very brief and simple instructions before you start using it! I had some issues that were easily cleared up by reading the manual.
Great product
Linda from Worthington, OH – Verified Buyer
Love my new heater. So easy to use and the heat output is great and the oscillating feature warms up my office immediately. Buy it.
Great heater
J/A from Fleetwood, NY – Verified Buyer
No complaints so far. I am satisfied with my heater, it is all I needed to keep my bedroom/living room warm.
Space heater
Holly from Columbus, WI – Verified Buyer
Love this space heater. It puts off a lot of heat for such a small heat source. I also like the fact that it has an automatic shut-off in case you forget to turn it off.
Title -Oscillation-Ceramic-Tower-Electric-Space-Heater-with-Remote-Control-755320-UNW1043.htmlRequired)
John from Floral Park, NY – Verified Buyer
Good quality--but very disappointed in the delivery time- could have bought it locally for the same price-the day I ordered it.
Heats room quickly.
AnnaMarie from Saint Augustine, FL – Verified Buyer
A space saver that works well, is quiet and maintains the temperature of the room. We love it!
Title very pleased with our space heater
cheryl from englewood, OH – Verified Buyer
i absolutely love this, it really has a classy look and does the job for a sunroom in my home that doesn't get much furnace heat. i particularly like that it shuts off after temperature i set is reached
Great heater!
Janet from SIMI VALLEY, CA – Verified Buyer
I used this product in my bedroom during the few days it got cold . It's a perfect solution. ! Warms really well . The oscillating feature is great ! Would definitely recommend this product .
This is the best space heater Ive ever purchased!
Suzanne from Jonesborough, TN – Verified Buyer
Heats up my living room within minutes. The temperature control feature works great. I love having a remote control! Highly recommended.
anonymous from Nebraska – Verified Buyer
Haven't got to use this yet. But upon inspection and brief trial it looks as if it will work perfectly in the space we bought it for. Here's to warm winter nights!
OUR SKU # UNW1043Oscillation Ceramic Tower 5118 BTUs Electric Space Heater with Remote Control is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 755320