text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Experimental Study on Impact Load on a Dam Due to Debris Flow1
E-Print Network [OSTI]
as a fluid hits the dam (fluid impact load). The former tends to cause partial break of the concrete damExperimental Study on Impact Load on a Dam Due to Debris Flow1 lwao Miyoshi2 ABSTRACT When a dam is struck by mud or debris flow, it is put under a great impact load and sometimes is destroyed. To prevent
Standiford, Richard B.
Bypass Flow Study
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The purpose of the fluid dynamics experiments in the MIR (Matched Index of-Refraction) flow system at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is to develop benchmark databases for the assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions of the momentum equations, scalar mixing, and turbulence models for the flow ratios between coolant channels and bypass gaps in the interstitial regions of typical prismatic standard fuel element (SFE) or upper reflector block geometries of typical Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (MHTGR) in the limiting case of negligible buoyancy and constant fluid properties. The experiments use Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure the velocity fields that will populate the bypass flow study database.
Richard Schultz
Study of Impact of Orbit Path, Whirl Ratio and Clearance on the Flow Field and Rotordynamic Coefficients for a Smooth Annular Seal
The study of the effect of different orbit paths and whirl ratios on the rotordynamic coefficients of a smooth eccentric annular seal, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was performed. The flow was simulated for two different orbits - linear...
Sekaran, Aarthi
A flow resistance model for assessing the impact of vegetation on flood routing mechanics
control in urban storm water runoff [Kirby et al., 2005], and linking tidal hydrodynamic forcing to flow and field studies. The proposed model asymptotically recovers the flow resistance formulation when the waterA flow resistance model for assessing the impact of vegetation on flood routing mechanics Gabriel G
Katul, Gabriel
Economic impacts study
This is a progress report on the first phase of a project to measure the economic impacts of a rapidly changing U.S. target base. The purpose of the first phase is to designate and test the macroeconomic impact analysis model. Criteria were established for a decision-support model. Additional criteria were defined for an interactive macroeconomic impact analysis model. After a review of several models, the Economic Impact Forecast System model of the U.S. Army Construction Research Laboratory was selected as the appropriate input-output tool that can address local and regional economic analysis. The model was applied to five test cases to demonstrate its utility and define possible revisions to meet project criteria. A plan for EIFS access was defined at three levels. Objectives and tasks for scenario refinement are proposed.
Brunsen, W.; Worley, W.; Frost, E.
On the impact of variability and assembly on turbine blade cooling flow and oxidation life
The life of a turbine blade is dependent on the quantity and temperature of the cooling flow sup- plied to the blade. The focus of this thesis is the impact of variability on blade cooling flow and, subsequently, its impact ...
Sidwell, Carroll Vincent, 1972-
Mitigating the Impacts of Uncontrolled Air Flow on Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Demand in Non-Residential Buildings
This multi-faceted study evaluated several aspects of uncontrolled air flows in commercial buildings in both Northern and Southern climates. Field data were collected from 25 small commercial buildings in New York State to understand baseline conditions for Northern buildings. Laboratory wall assembly testing was completed at Syracuse University to understand the impact of typical air leakage pathways on heat and moisture transport within wall assemblies for both Northern and Southern building applications. The experimental data from the laboratory tests were used to verify detailed heat and moisture (HAM) simulation models that could be used to evaluate a wider array of building applications and situations. Whole building testing at FSEC's Building Science Laboratory (BSL) systematically evaluated the energy and IAQ impacts of duct leakage with various attic and ceiling configurations. This systematic test carefully controlled all aspects of building performance to quantify the impact of duct leakage and unbalanced flow. The newest features of the EnergyPlus building simulation tool were used to model the combined impacts of duct leakage, ceiling leakage, unbalanced flows, and air conditioner performance. The experimental data provided the basis to validate the simulation model so it could be used to study the impact of duct leakage over a wide range of climates and applications. The overall objective of this project was to transfer work and knowledge that has been done on uncontrolled air flow in non-residential buildings in Florida to a national basis. This objective was implemented by means of four tasks: (1) Field testing and monitoring of uncontrolled air flow in a sample of New York buildings; (2) Detailed wall assembly laboratory measurements and modeling; (3) Whole building experiments and simulation of uncontrolled air flows; and (4) Develop and implement training on uncontrolled air flows for Practitioners in New York State.
Hugh I. Henderson; Jensen Zhang; James B. Cummings; Terry Brennan
Impact of rapid granular flows through open channels
diagram: Solid: F=1 at nozzle (separation of supercritical and subcritical flow in contraction) Dashed, ...? Need your suggestions! Questions? #12;Movie: new experiments water through contraction; Akers & Bokhove
Al Hanbali, Ahmad
Heat transfer to impacting drops and post critical heat flux dispersed flow
Heat transfer to drops impacting on a hot surface is examined in context of dispersions of flowing, boiling fluids. The liquid contribution to heat transfer from a hot tube to a two-phase dispersion is formulated in terms ...
Kendall, Gail E.
Impact of horizontal groundwater flow and localized deforestation on the development of shallow
Impact of horizontal groundwater flow and localized deforestation on the development of shallow that develop in the shallow subsurface as a result of localized deforestation in combination with shallow horizontal groundwater flow. Model results show how a patch-wise pattern of deforestation at the surface
Bense, Victor
Wave Impact Study on a Residential Building Wave Impact Study on a Residential Building
Wave Impact Study on a Residential Building Paper: Wave Impact Study on a Residential Building John residential light- frame wood buildings and wave and surge loading be- cause often little is left residential structures and wave loading. To do this, one-sixth scale residen- tial building models typical
Cox, Dan
A study of grout flow pattern analysis
A new disposal unit, designated as Salt Disposal Unit no. 6 (SDU6), is being designed for support of site accelerated closure goals and salt nuclear waste projections identified in the new Liquid Waste System plan. The unit is cylindrical disposal vault of 380 ft diameter and 43 ft in height, and it has about 30 million gallons of capacity. Primary objective was to develop the computational model and to perform the evaluations for the flow patterns of grout material in SDU6 as function of elevation of grout discharge port, and slurry rheology. A Bingham plastic model was basically used to represent the grout flow behavior. A two-phase modeling approach was taken to achieve the objective. This approach assumes that the air-grout interface determines the shape of the accumulation mound. The results of this study were used to develop the design guidelines for the discharge ports of the Saltstone feed materials in the SDU6 facility. The focusing areas of the modeling study are to estimate the domain size of the grout materials radially spread on the facility floor under the baseline modeling conditions, to perform the sensitivity analysis with respect to the baseline design and operating conditions such as elevation of discharge port, discharge pipe diameter, and grout properties, and to determine the changes in grout density as it is related to grout drop height. An axi-symmetric two-phase modeling method was used for computational efficiency. Based on the nominal design and operating conditions, a transient computational approach was taken to compute flow fields mainly driven by pumping inertia and natural gravity. Detailed solution methodology and analysis results are discussed here.
Lee, S. Y. [Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC (United States); Hyun, S. [Mercer Univ., Macon, GA (United States)
A Set-Theoretic Framework to Assess the Impact of Variable Generation on the Power Flow
penetration of renewable resources of electricity, such as wind and solar, into existing power systems. Since renewable resources vary in rated power output and point of grid interconnection, they affect power systems1 A Set-Theoretic Framework to Assess the Impact of Variable Generation on the Power Flow Xichen
Liberzon, Daniel
This is a study of the impact that wind turbines have on residential property value. The wind turbines that are the focus of this study are the larger turbines being approximately 389ft tall and producing 1.0+ megawatts each, similar to the one pictured to the right. The study has been broken into three component parts, each looking at the value impact of the wind turbines from a different perspective. The three parts are: (1) a literature study, which reviews and summarizes what has been published on this matter found in the general media; (2) an opinion survey, which was given to area Realtors to learn their opinions on the impact of wind turbines in
Fond Du; Lac Counties Wisconsin
A study of flow in transition pieces
. , Mummalog F J g "Boundary Layer Induced Potential Flow on an Elliptical Cylinder, " Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 66, Part 1, 1974, pp. 145-157. 3 Glassman, A. J. , "Turbine Design and Application, " NASA Report No. SP-290, Vol. 2, 1973. 4 Schlichting... piece to be used and often acts as the prime design consideration, as the transition piece has the primary purpose of routing the flow. See Figures 1 and 2. The method of flow routing in a transition piece can in- troduce losses in the system...
Kochan, Thomas Walter
Ultrasonic flow imaging system: A feasibility study
This report examines the feasibility and potential problems in developing a real-time ultrasonic flow imaging instrument for on-line monitoring of mixed-phased flows such as coal slurries. State-of-the-art ultrasonic imaging techniques are assessed for this application. Reflection and diffraction tomographies are proposed for further development, including image-reconstruction algorithms and parallel processing systems. A conventional ultrasonic C-scan technique is used to demonstrate the feasibility of imaging the particle motion in a solid/water flow. 13 refs., 11 figs.
Sheen, S.H.; Lawrence, W.P.; Chien, H.T.; Raptis, A.C.
Economic impact study of consumer product efficiencies. Final report
The economic impact study of household appliance efficiencies is briefly reported. Task I, Direct Impact on Industry, contains 4 subtasks: materials, labor inputs, energy inputs, and investment. Task II, Direct Impact on Consumers, contains 3 subtasks: life-cycle cost to the consumer, usage patterns, and long-term demand forecast and analysis. The 2 subtasks in Task III, Energy Savings and Impact on Utilities, are residential energy savings and cost and impact on utility generating capacity.
Not Available
Experimental and theoretical study of polymer flow in porous media
In this paper, an extensive study is presented on the single-phase flow of xanthum/tracer slugs in a consolidated sandstone. The phenomena studied include polymer/tracer dispersion, excluded/inaccessible-volume effects, polymer adsorption, and viscous fingering. In some floods, there is also evidence of nonequilibrium effects. Macroscopic flow equations are derived that include terms to model all the behaviors listed above. A microscopic approach is also developed that describes certain features of polymer flow in porous media semiquantitatively.
Sorbie, K.S.; Parker, A.; Clifford, P.J.
The primary objective of this work is to quantify the mixing time when two miscible fluids are mixed by one recirculation pump and to evaluate adequacy of 2.5 hours of pump recirculation to be considered well mixed in SRS tanks, JT-71/72. The work scope described here consists of two modeling analyses. They are the steady state flow pattern analysis during pump recirculation operation of the tank liquid and transient species transport calculations based on the initial steady state flow patterns. The modeling calculations for the mixing time are performed by using the 99% homogeneity criterion for the entire domain of the tank contents.
Lee, S.
A CFD study of gas-solid jet in a CFB riser flow
Three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of a gas�solid jet in a high-density riser flow were conducted. The impact of gas�solid injection on the riser flow hydrodynamics was investigated with respect to voidage, tracer mass fractions, and solids velocity distribution. The behaviors of a gas�solid jet in the riser crossflow were studied through the unsteady numerical simulations. Substantial separation of the jetting gas and solids in the riser crossflow was observed. Mixing of the injected gas and solids with the riser flow was investigated and backmixing of gas and solids was evaluated. In the current numerical study, both the overall hydrodynamics of riser flow and the characteristics of gas�solid jet were reasonably predicted compared with the experimental measurements made at NETL.
Li, Tingwen; Guenther, Chris
Interim Columbia and Snake rivers flow improvement measures for salmon: Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)
Public comments are sought on this final SEIS, which supplements the 1992 Columbia River Salmon Flow Measures Options Analysis (OA)/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The Corps of Engineers, in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration and the Bureau of Reclamation proposes five alternatives to improve flows of water in the lower Columbia-Snake rivers in 1993 and future years to assist the migration of juvenile and adult anadromous fish past eight hydropower dams. These are: (1) Without Project (no action) Alternative, (2) the 1992 Operation, (3) the 1992 Operation with Libby/Hungry Horse Sensitivity, (4) a Modified 1992 Operation with Improvements to Salmon Flows from Dworshak, and (5) a Modified 1992 Operation with Upper Snake Sensitivity. Alternative 4, Modified 1992 Operations, has been identified as the preferred alternative.
Heat flow and geothermal studies in the Great Plains
In continental heat flow studies, sedimentary basins are usually avoided because of difficulties in obtaining thermal conductivity measurements and because temperature gradients may contain advective signals caused by moving groundwater. These problems are superimposed in the Denver, Kennedy and Williston Basins where complex geothermal gradients derive both from large contrasts among thermal conductivities of strata and from regional groundwater flow. The occurrence and magnitude of advective heat flow within the Denver, Kennedy and Williston Basins is conceptually consistent with simple models that relate groundwater flow to the piezometric surface and to subsurface structures, i.e., folds and faults. An advective heat flow of +25 mW/m/sup 2/ has been determined for an area in the eastern margin of the Denver Basin, and quantities of +35 mW/m/sup 2/ and +10 MW/m/sup 2/ have been determined respectively for parts of the southeastern and northeastern parts of the Williston Basin. A detailed analysis of bottom hole temperatures obtained from drill holes in the area of the Billings Anticline in the Williston Basin indicates that information on subsurface structures and groundwater flow may be obtained from heat flow studies. Additional information that may be derived from these heat flow studies includes: the occurrence and nature of geothermal resources, oil source rock maturation and secondary migration of petroleum, formation and deposition of strata-bound ores. 43 references.
Gosnold, W.D.; Fischer, D.W.
Impact Study of Wind Power on Tourism on Gotland.
?? This study investigates the impact of wind power on tourism on Gotland. The main objective is toidentify how tourists on Gotland during their holidaying� (more)
Braunova, Vendula
Studies on the Ecological Impact of Evaporation Retardation Monolayers
TR-6 1966 Studies on the Ecological Impact of Evaporation Retardation Monolayers B.G. Wixson Texas Water Resources Institute Texas A&M University ...
Wixson, B.G.
IMPACT OF BOUNDARY-LAYER CUTTING AND FLOW CONDITIONING ON FREE-SURFACE BEHAVIOR IN TURBULENT LIQUID dimension) = 1 cm into ambient air are compared with empirical correlations at a nearly prototypical term, for a well- conditioned jet but is not a substitute for well-designed flow conditioning. I
California at San Diego, University of
Particle-fluid-structure interaction for debris flow impact on flexible barriers
Flexible barriers are increasingly used for the protection from debris flow in mountainous terrain due to their low cost and environmental impact. However, a numerical tool for rational design of such structures is still missing. In this work, a hybrid computational framework is presented, using a total Lagrangian formulation of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to represent a flexible barrier. The actions exerted on the structure by a debris flow are obtained from simultaneous simulations of the flow of a fluid-grain mixture, using two conveniently coupled solvers: the Discrete Element Method (DEM) governs the motion of the grains, while the free-surface non-Newtonian fluid phase is solved using the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). Simulations on realistic geometries show the dependence of the momentum transfer on the barrier on the composition of the debris flow, challenging typical assumptions made during the design process today. In particular, we demonstrate that both grains and fluid contribute in a non-negligible way to the momentum transfer. Moreover, we show how the flexibility of the barrier reduces its vulnerability to structural collapse, and how the stress is distributed on its fabric, highlighting potential weak points.
A. Leonardi; F. K. Wittel; M. Mendoza; R. Vetter; H. J. Herrmann
Numerical studies of hypersonic binary gas-mixture flows near a sphere
Numerical studies of hypersonic binary gas-mixture flows near a sphere V.V. Riabov 1 Diffusive] to study the flow. In the present study, diffusive effects in hypersonic flows of binary gas-mixtures near
Riabov, Vladimir V.
Energy-Efficient Flow Time Scheduling: An Experimental Study
] and Intel's Speedstep [6]. Running a job at a slower speed saves energy, yet it takes longer time and may and energy. An algorithm called AJC (active job count) has been proposed [3, 7], in which the speedEnergy-Efficient Flow Time Scheduling: An Experimental Study Jude-Thaddeus Ojiaku (speaker) Daniel
Wong, Prudence W.H.
An Empirical Investigation of the Impacts of Sun-Related Glare on Traffic Flow Paper 08-0773
An Empirical Investigation of the Impacts of Sun-Related Glare on Traffic Flow Paper 08 error, or in the worst case to an incident or a crash. Glare can be caused by sun, headlights of other at night, is often addressed with median barriers or glare screens. However, the effect of sun
Bertini, Robert L.
An experimental study of unsteady separation in a two-dimensional flow
An experimental study of flow separation in an incompressible two-dimensional unsteady flow was undertaken with the aim of validating recently developed flow separation criteria, which are based on kinematic principles. ...
Coral Pinto, Raul Javier
Energy policy act transportation study: Interim report on natural gas flows and rates
This report, Energy Policy Act Transportation Study: Interim Report on Natural Gas Flows and Rates, is the second in a series mandated by Title XIII, Section 1340, ``Establishment of Data Base and Study of Transportation Rates,`` of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102--486). The first report Energy Policy Act Transportation Study: Availability of Data and Studies, was submitted to Congress in October 1993; it summarized data and studies that could be used to address the impact of legislative and regulatory actions on natural gas transportation rates and flow patterns. The current report presents an interim analysis of natural gas transportation rates and distribution patterns for the period from 1988 through 1994. A third and final report addressing the transportation rates and flows through 1997 is due to Congress in October 2000. This analysis relies on currently available data; no new data collection effort was undertaken. The need for the collection of additional data on transportation rates will be further addressed after this report, in consultation with the Congress, industry representatives, and in other public forums.
Scale effects on the hydrological impact of upland afforestation and drainage using indices of flow variability Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(3), 325338 (2003) EGU
Scale effects on the hydrological impact of upland afforestation and drainage using indices of flow variability 325 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(3), 325338 (2003) © EGU Scale effects on the hydrological impact of upland afforestation and drainage using indices of flow variability: the River Irthing
Boyer, Edmond
Project ID: 35062 ~ Impacts of Flow Regulation on Riparian Cottonwood Ecosystems in the Columbia River Basin ~ Response to ISRP/RME Proposal Review Comments
, Synder et al. 2002). The shifting habitat mosaic is controlled by the coupled relationship between flowProject ID: 35062 ~ Impacts of Flow Regulation on Riparian Cottonwood Ecosystems in the Columbia. 1. The ISRP cited a need to "provide better evidence of the linkages of changes in flow regimes
Numerical investigation of electric heating impacts on solid/liquid glass flow patterns.
A typical glass furnace consists of a combustion space and a melter. Intense heat is generated from the combustion of fuel and air/oxygen in the combustion space. This heat is transferred mainly by radiation to the melter in order to melt sand and cullet (scrap glass) eventually creating glass products. Many furnaces use electric boosters to enhance glass melting and increase productivity. The coupled electric/combustion heat transfer patterns are key to the glass making processes. The understanding of the processes can lead to the improvement of glass quality and furnace efficiency. The effects of electrical boosting on the flow patterns and heat transfer in a glass melter are investigated using a multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code with addition of an electrical boosting model. The results indicate that the locations and spacing of the electrodes have large impacts on the velocity and temperature distributions in the glass melter. With the same total heat input, the batch shape (which is determined by the overall heat transfer and the batch melting rate) is kept almost the same. This indicates that electric boosting can be used to replace part of heat by combustion. Therefore, temperature is lower in the combustion space and the life of the furnace can be prolonged. The electric booster can also be used to increase productivity without increasing the furnace size.
Chang, S. L.; Zhou, C. Q.; Golchert, B.
Impact of background flow on dissolution trapping of carbon dioxide injected into saline aquifers
While there has been a large interest in studying the role of dissolution-driven free convection in the context of geological sequestration, the contribution of forced convection has been largely ignored. This manuscript considers CO$_2$ sequestration in saline aquifers with natural background flow and uses theoretical arguments to compute the critical background velocity needed to establish the forced convective regime. The theoretical arguments are supported by two dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations which demonstrate the importance of forced convection in enhancing dissolution in aquifers characterised by low Rayleigh numbers.
Rapaka, Saikiran
Transverse flow reactor studies of the dynamics of radical reactions
Radical reactions are in important in combustion chemistry; however, little state-specific information is available for these reactions. A new apparatus has been constructed to measure the dynamics of radical reactions. The unique feature of this apparatus is a transverse flow reactor in which an atom or radical of known concentration will be produced by pulsed laser photolysis of an appropriate precursor molecule. The time dependence of individual quantum states or products and/or reactants will be followed by rapid infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. The reaction H + O{sub 2} {yields} OH + O will be studied.
Macdonald, R.G. [Argonne National Laboratory, IL (United States)
Potential Impacts of Leakage from Black Rock Reservoir on the Hanford Site Unconfined Aquifer: Initial Hypothetical Simulations of Flow and Contaminant Transport
Initial scoping calculations of the unconfined aquifer at the Hanford Site were carried out for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) to investigate the potential impacts on the Hanford unconfined aquifer that would result from leakage from the proposed Black Rock Reservoir to the west. Although impacts on groundwater flow and contaminant transport were quantified based on numerical simulation results, the investigation represented a qualitative assessment of the potential lateral recharge that could result in adverse effects on the aquifer. Because the magnitude of the potential leakage is unknown, hypothetical bounding calculations were performed. When a quantitative analysis of the magnitude of the potential recharge from Black Rock Reservoir is obtained, the hydrologic impacts analysis will be revisited. The analysis presented in this report represents initial bounding calculations. A maximum lateral recharge (i.e., upland flux) was determined in the first part of this study by executing steady-state flow simulations that raised the water table no higher than the elevation attained in the Central Plateau during the Hanford operational period. This metric was selected because it assumed a maximum remobilization of contaminants that existed under previous fully saturated conditions. Three steady-state flow fields were then used to analyze impacts to transient contaminant transport: a maximum recharge (27,000 acre-ft/yr), a no additional flux (365 acre-ft/yr), and an intermediate recharge case (16,000 acre-ft/yr). The transport behavior of four radionuclides was assessed for a 300 year simulation period with the three flow fields. The four radionuclides are tritium, iodine-129, technetium-99, and uranium-238. Transient flow and transport simulations were used to establish hypothetical concentration distributions in the subsurface. Using the simulated concentration distributions in 2005 as initial conditions for steady-state flow runs, simulations were executed to investigate the relative effects on contaminant transport from the increased upland fluxes. Contaminant plumes were analyzed for 1) peak concentrations and arrival times at downstream points of compliance, 2) the area of the aquifer contaminated at or above the drinking water standard (DWS), and 3) the total activity remaining in the domain at the end of the simulation. In addition to this analysis, unit source release simulations from a hypothetical tracer were executed to determine relative travel times from the Central Plateau. The results of this study showed that increases in the lateral recharge had limited impact on regional flow directions but accelerated contaminant transport. Although contaminant concentrations may have initially increased for the more mobile contaminants (tritium, technetium-99, and iodine-129), the accelerated transport caused dilution and a more rapid decline in concentrations relative to the Base Case (no additional flux). For the low-mobility uranium-238, higher lateral recharge caused increases in concentration, but these concentrations never approached the DWS. In this preliminary investigation, contaminant concentrations did not exceed the DWS study metric. With the increases in upland fluxes, more mass was transported out of the aquifer, and concentrations were diluted with respect to the base case where no additional flux was considered.
Freedman, Vicky L.
Modeling multiphase flow for high viscosity liquids: a study of vertical/inclined zero net liquid flow
This experimental study investigates the effects of inclination angle and fluid viscosity on zero net liquid flow (ZNLF). Predicting liquid holdup under ZNLF conditions is necessary in several types of petroleum industry operations. These include...
Rodriguez, Jose Ramon
Study of Kinematics of Extreme Waves Impacting Offshore and Coastal Structures by Non Intrusive Measurement Techniques
from G3 appears to induce a large inundation depth in the flow along the opening. Next, green water velocities and dynamic impacts of the extreme ocean waves on a fixed offshore deck structure are investigated. The experiments focused on the impacting...
Song, Youn Kyung
Numerical Study of Geometry and Rotation Dependence on the Flow in Labyrinth Seals
to predict the flow field in the seal. Various clearance-pitch ratios were used to study the effect of clearance on the flow. The aspect ratio, which is defined as the pitch-height ratio was varied to study the influence of the depth of the cavity on the flow...
Yamsani, Vamshi Krishna
FliHy experimental facilities for studying open channel turbulent flows and heat transfer
FliHy experimental facilities for studying open channel turbulent flows and heat transfer B. Freeze) facility was constructed at UCLA to study open channel turbulent flow and heat transfer of low supercritical flow regimes (Fr /1), in which the surface waves are amplified and heat transfer is enhanced due
Abdou, Mohamed
1 FLIHY EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES FOR STUDYING OPEN CHANNEL TURBULENT FLOWS AND HEAT TRANSFER B was constructed at UCLA to study open channel turbulent flow and heat transfer of low-thermal and low supercritical flow regimes (Fr>1), in which the surface waves are amplified and heat transfer is enhanced due
California at Los Angeles, University of
CC-1 A TURBINE RESEARCH FACILITY TO STUDY TIP DESENSITIZATION INCLUDING COOLING FLOWS Cengiz Camci with the description of the Axial Flow Turbine Research Facility (AFTRF) installed at the Turbomachinery Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University. The AFTRF is a single-stage cold flow turbine specifically designed for studying
Camci, Cengiz
Impacts of increased outdoor air flow rates on annual HVAC energy costs in office environment.
??The use of different ventilation systems has an important impact on the energy cost of office buildings. This paper examines the relationship between heating and� (more)
Destrez, Adrien
Photometric studies of heat flow at the photosphere
Continuum photometry is carried out and the results of comparing these observations with models of photospheric heat flow are described. The main results are: (1) a possible detection of weak bright rings around some spot penumbrae (2) no evidence is found for large scale photospheric brightness inhomogeneities exceeding 2-3 K which places tighter constraints on models of global scale convection (3) supergranular scale continuum structures observed across the photosphere appear mainly due to random clumping of granules (4) the one case observed of a sunspot emergence shows no thermal shadow exceeding 1.5 K rms one day prior to umbra appearance (5) network and faculae are found to show a small excess brightness even at mu 1, so detection of faculae at mu 1 by differential photometry indicates a gentler temperature gradient near tau 1 in the facular (relative to cell) atmosphere (6) the limb darkening study shows no significant global variations to within 0.1% rms.
Foukal, P.
A study of system-induced instabilities in forced-convection flows with subcooled boiling
A combined analytical and experimental program was carried out to investigate the problem of hydrodynamic stability of forcedconvection flows with boiling. The study was restricted to the flow of water in small channels ...
Maulbetsch, John S.
Impact Studies Using a One Stage Light Gas Gun
The Center for Astrophysics,Space Physics, and Engineering Research (CASPER) has completed construction and calibration of a Light Gas Gun (LGG), which is used for low velocity impact studies. At geosynchronous orbit, space debris can impact commercial satellites at velocities of 500 m/s [1] reducing their useful lifetime. Additionally, there is an ever-increasing population of abandoned nonoperational satellites and related debris in these orbits [2]. Therefore, it is important to clearly understand the physics behind how such collisions can cause structural damage. This is most easily determined by measuring the damage incurred on representative material exposed to test collisions in the laboratory. Data collected in this manner will not only help illuminate the shock physics involved but can also aid in providing methods for designing advanced shielding for satellites.
Jorge Carmona; Mike Cook; Jimmy Schmoke; Katie Harper; Jerry Reay; Lorin Matthews; Truell Hyde
Study of casing treatment effects in axial flow compressors
to in- creased tip leakage between shroud and blade tip. Figure (I) shows a typical performance curve for an axial flow compressor. Note that as pressure ratio increases, the operating 'range between surge and stall is decreased, there by reducing... the surge to stall margin of the axial flow compressor. REFERENCES I 1 ~ 4 Koch, C. C. , "Experimental Evaluation of Outer Case Blowing or Bleeding of Single Stage Axial Flow Compressor". , Part IV. Rep. R 69AEG256, General Electric Co. , (NASA CR...
Schiller, Robert Neil
Green Water Flow Kinematics and Impact Pressure on a Three Dimensional Model Structure
Flow kinematics of green water due to plunging breaking waves interacting with a simplified, three-dimensional model structure was investigated in laboratory. Two breaking wave conditions were tested: one with waves impinging and breaking...
Ariyarathne, Hanchapola Appuhamilage Kusalika Suranjani
The impact of gravity segregation on multiphase non-Darcy flow in hydraulically fractured gas wells
Solution for Uniform Influx................................. 28 2.5 Effect of Stress on Non-Darcy Flow with Uniform Influx............................. 40 2.6 Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir with Two-Phase Flow ............................. 45 2... ............................................................................................................... 21 2.6 Gas expansion factor divided by gas viscosity Eg/�g = 1/(B�), which is roughly constant at or above pressures of 6,000 psi. .................................... 22 2.7 Relative permeability functions from Table 2.1 normalized...
Dickins, Mark Ian
Impact of marking strategy on aggregated flows in a differentiated services network \\Lambda
and the network provider to check them for conformance to service contracts. This paper looks at the impact of packets IN along the paths that are experiencing congestion while remaining within the service contract
Yeom, Ikjun
Air Quality Impact Study for UMore Park Sand and Gravel Resources
Air Quality Impact Study for UMore Park Sand and Gravel Resources University of Minnesota Rosemount Elliott Hendrickson Inc. Air Quality Impact Study for UMore Park Sand and Gravel Resources UOFMN 103496 ...........................................................................3 2.8 Air Emissions
Netoff, Theoden
World Bank-Morocco Study on the Impact of Climate Change on the...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Morocco Study on the Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector Jump to: navigation, search Name World Bank-Morocco Study on the Impact of Climate Change on the...
Numerical Study of Hypersonic Rarefied-Gas Flows About a Toroidal Ballute
Numerical Study of Hypersonic Rarefied-Gas Flows About a Toroidal Ballute Vladimir V. Riabov. Hypersonic flows of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide near a toroidal ballute have been of aerothermodynamics of simple-shape bodies have provided valuable information related to physics of hypersonic flows
Numerical study of a thin liquid film flowing down an inclined wavy plane
in agricultural watersheds. Thin gravity-driven films flowing down an inclined flat plane provide oneNumerical study of a thin liquid film flowing down an inclined wavy plane Alexandre Erna, Rémi-la-Vallée cedex 2, France Abstract We investigate the stability of a thin liquid film flowing down an inclined
Progress in collective flow studies from the onset to Bevalac/SIS
Collective flow in heavy ion collisions was first observed experimentally more than a decade ago at the Bevalac by the Plastic Ball collaboration. Although early calculations had suggested that measurement of the flow would place tight constraints on the nuclear equation of state, uncertainties in other input parameters of microscopic models, which also affect the flow, led to large ambiguities in the equation of state. This talk will discuss recent flow studies that attempt to overcome these difficulties. The EOS and FOPI experiments at the Bevalac and SIS accelerators have measured flow in the 200--2000 A-MeV bombarding energy range with better acceptance, particle identification, and systematics than was previously available. Meanwhile, programs at MSU and GANIL are studying the disappearance of flow around 50 A-MeV. Systematic comparison of these data with predictions of microscopic models is beginning to reduce the ambiguities in the extraction of physics quantities. Also, new directions in flow studies, such as the flow of produced particles and radial flow, offer the possibility of further information from flow studies. Recent accomplishments and new directions in flow studies are discussed, and areas where further study is needed are pointed out.
Lisa, M.A.
A study of the coherent structures and installation effects in an orifice flow meter
. Errors on the order of approximately 250 millions of dollar per year have been estimated for the natural gas industry. The urgent need to improve the accuracy has fueled basic research in the area of orifice flow meters. The objectives of this present... study were to analyze the coherent structures present in an orifice flow meter, and to examine the effect of a flow conditioner placed upstream of the orifice plate on the flow meter's accuracy, The coherent structures were measured by performing...
Pattabhi, Srikanth
A study of boiling water flow regimes at low pressures
"A comprehensive experimental program to examine flow regimes at pressures below 100 psia for boiling of water in tubes was carried out. An electrical probe, which measures the resistance of the fluid between the centerline ...
Fiori, Mario P.
A New Aerosol Flow System for Photochemical and Thermal Studies...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
be applied simultaneously. The residence time is of the order of an hour, and sampling ports located along the length of the flow tube allow for time-resolved measurements of...
A photographic study of fluid flow theory for two-dimensional laminar flow around solid bodies
water flows through sides M, DC and ?9, these three sides can be t, rea ed s, insulated suri'aces in the heat conduction problems. A&sr drawing small circles and squares ix the tubes shown in 54 and using the resistance uxG. tp one can find that tube...
Lee, Wen Ho
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 85, 061301 (2012) Shock propagation in granular flow subjected to an external impact
. Examples include crater formation by wind jets in the context of lunar cratering [5], viscous fingering flowing on an inclined glass plane. In the experiment a steel ball, much larger in size than an individual, devoid of glass beads, whose radius increases with time. This radius was measured using high speed
Ravindran, Rajesh
Numerical study of the effects of upstream flow condition upon orifice flow meter performance
Recent experimental work has shown that when the mean velocity profile upstream of an orifice plate has a deficit on the centerline and higher velocities at the outer edges of the pipe, the pressure drop across the orifice is greater than if the flow upstream is fully developed. It is proposed that this increase in [Delta]P is directly correlated with the radial distribution of momentum upstream of the orifice plate. In an effort to investigate how the upstream flow condition affects the pressure distribution along the pipe wall and to determine if the hypothesis is correct, Creare.X Inc. 's FLUENT numerical analysis program was used to simulate the effects. Two [beta] ratios (0.50 and 0.75) have been considered with various mean velocity inlet profiles. Inlet profiles include the 1/16th, 1/7th, 1/8th, 1/9th and 1/10th power law power law, uniform flow, and two linear distributions. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the second and third-order moments of momentum and the value of the discharge coefficient. This empirical correlation, after being fully verified by experimental data, can be used to estimate the change in the coefficient of discharge given the inlet velocity profile.
Morrison, G.L.; Panak, D.L.; DeOtte, R.E. Jr. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Mechanical Engineering Dept.)
Heat flow and geothermal studies in the state of Washington
Existing geothermal gradient and heat flow data for the state of Washington are summarized. In addition, information on mean-annual ground surface temperatures is included. The data consist of accurate, detailed temperature-depth measurements in selected available holes throughout the state of Washington made between 1979 and 1982. Measurements of thermal conductivity on selected rock samples from these drill holes and ancillary information required to assess the significance of the data and calculate heat flow values were obtained as well. Information is presented on the mean-annual ground-surface temperatures throughout the state of Washington. 32 refs., 15 figs., 4 tabs.
Blackwell, D.D.; Steele, J.L.; Kelley, S.A.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A SERIES OF IN-LINE NONCIRCULAR TUBES CONFINED, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA Two-dimensional steady developing fluid flow and heat-volume technique. Grid independence study was carried out by running the developed code for several different grid
Bahaidarah, Haitham M.
Study of flow fields induced by surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator in low-pressure air
Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) is a promising method for a flow control. Flow fields induced by a SDBD actuator driven by the ac voltage in static air at low pressures varying from 1.0 to 27.7?kPa are measured by the particle image velocimetry method. The influence of the applied ac voltage frequency and magnitude on the induced flow fields is studied. The results show that three different classes of flow fields (wall jet flow field, complex flow field, and vortex-shape flow field) can be induced by the SDBD actuator in the low-pressure air. Among them, the wall jet flow field is the same as the tangential jet at atmospheric pressure, which is, together with the vertical jet, the complex flow field. The vortex-shape flow field is composed of one vertical jet which points towards the wall and two opposite tangential jets. The complex and the vortex-shape flow fields can be transformed to the wall jet flow field when the applied ac voltage frequency and magnitude are changed. It is found that the discharge power consumption increases initially, decreases, and then increases again at the same applied ac voltage magnitude when the air pressure decreases. The tangential velocity of the wall jet flow field increases when the air pressure decreases. It is however opposite for the complex flow field. The variation of the applied ac voltage frequency influences differently three different flow fields. When the applied ac voltage magnitude increases at the same applied ac voltage frequency, the maximal jet velocity increases, while the power efficiency increases only initially and then decreases again. The discharge power shows either linear or exponential dependences on the applied ac voltage magnitude.
Che, Xueke, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com; Nie, Wansheng; Tian, Xihui; Hou, Zhiyong; He, Haobo; Zhou, Penghui; Zhou, Siyin; Yang, Chao [Equipment Academy, Beijing 101416 (China)] [Equipment Academy, Beijing 101416 (China); Shao, Tao, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)] [Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Energy Impacts of Oversized Residential Air Conditioners -- Simulation Study of Retrofit Sequence Impacts
This research addresses the question of what are the energy consequences for oversizing of an air conditioner in a home. Conventional wisdom holds that oversizing the AC results in significant energy penalties. However, the reason for this was shown to be due to crankcase heaters and not due to cycling performance of the AC, and is only valid for a particular set of assumptions. Adding or removing individual characteristics, such as ducts or crankcase heaters, can have measurable impacts on energy use. However, with all other home characteristics held constant, oversizing the AC generally has a small effect on cooling energy use, even if the cycling performance of the unit is poor. The relevant aspects of air conditioner modeling are discussed to illustrate the effects of the cycling loss coefficient, Cd, capacity, climate, ducts and parasitic losses such as crankcase heaters. A case study of a typical 1960's vintage home demonstrates results in the context of whole building simulations using EnergyPlus.
Booten, C.; Christensen, C.; Winkler, J.
3D NUMERICAL STUDY OF MHD FLOW IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH A FLOW CHANNEL INSERT Damien Sutevski, Sergey Smolentsev, Neil Morley, Mohamed Abdou
3D NUMERICAL STUDY OF MHD FLOW IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH A FLOW CHANNEL INSERT Damien Sutevski flow channel insert (FCI). We report our first 3D modeling results for an approximately ideally non with the experimental results in the MHD pressure drop, indicating 3D effects may be significant. The new 3D results
Assessing the Impact of Potential Bridge Collapse on Road Network Vulnerability: a Case Study in Oklahoma.
??is study applied three different measures, which are unweighted increased travel time, increased travel time weighted by traffic flow, and decreased accessibility of cities, to� (more)
Zhao, Yun
Experimental and theoretical studies of the effects of nonuniformities in nonequilibrium magnetohydrodynamic flows
A study of wake nonuniformities in a nonequilibrium magnetohydrodynamic plasma is described. Experimental results are presented from an electrodeless disk-shaped channel in both radial flow and swirl flow configurations. The experimental conditions are analyzed with a nonequilibrium plasma model that accounts for variations in the wake gas properties and wake width. The results show that the wake nonuniformities in the radial flow channel are weak, but in the swirl flow channel they are strong because of an instability. This instability is a consequence of the wake orientation. Furthermore, the intensity of the nonuniformity in an unstable plasma is dependent upon the wake gas velocity and wake width.
Lytle, J.K.; Louis, J.F.
A Study of Liquid Metal Film Flow, Under Fusion Relevant Magnetic Fields
The use of flowing liquid metal streams or 'liquid walls' as a plasma contact surface is a very attractive option and has received considerable attention over the past several years both in the plasma physics and fusion engineering programs. A key issue for the feasibility of flowing liquid metal plasma facing component (PFC) systems, lies in their magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) behavior. The spatially varying magnetic field environment, typical of a fusion device can lead to serious flow disrupting MHD forces that hinder the development of a smooth and controllable flow needed for PFC applications. The present study builds up on the ongoing research effort at UCLA, directed towards providing qualitative and quantitative data on liquid metal free surface flow behavior under fusion relevant magnetic fields, to aid in better understanding of flowing liquid metal PFC systems.
Narula, M.; Ying, A.; Abdou, M.A. [UCLA (United States)
Author's personal copy Numerical study of interference between simple-shape bodies in hypersonic flows
Author's personal copy Numerical study of interference between simple-shape bodies in hypersonic 2008 Available online 3 December 2008 Keywords: Hypersonic rarefied-gas flows Direct simulation Monte-Carlo method Flow interference Simple-shape bodies Toroidal balloon a b s t r a c t Hypersonic rarefied
Numerical and experimental study on the effects of elbows upon the flow downstream
The seeds of elbows upon the flow downstream were graphics. studied experimentally and numerically. The flow field was calculated for five cases: through one elbow, through two elbows arranged to make an S bend in a single plane: for 1 and 11 pipe...
Tung, Karine
A Study of Transition to Turbulence for Incompressible Pipe Flow using a
A Study of Transition to Turbulence for Incompressible Pipe Flow using a Spectral Finite Element and Reynolds. From his experiments on the stability of flow in a pipe [11], Reynolds observed that instability of the water in the pipe, the Reynolds num ber Ua=š, exceeded a certain value, depending on the experimental
Patriksson, Michael
Study of a low Mach nuclear core model for two-phase flows with phase
Study of a low Mach nuclear core model for two-phase flows with phase transition I: stiffened gas law Manuel Bernard , Stéphane Dellacherie , Gloria Faccanoni , Bérénice Grec§ and Yohan Penel¶ October 30, 2012 In this paper, we are interested in modelling the flow of the coolant (water) in a nuclear
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Experimental study of turbulent unconfined groundwater flow in a single fracture
Experimental study of turbulent unconfined groundwater flow in a single fracture Jiazhong Qiana groundwater flow in a single fracture under the conditions of different surface roughness and apertures. We found that the gradient of the Reynolds number versus the average velocity in a single fracture
Zhan, Hongbin
Flow Distortion Study Completed for the Chesapeake Light Tower | Department
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:Year in3.pdf Flash2006-53.pdf0.pdf Flash2008-50.pdf5.pdfTechnologiesFlow Cells for Energy Storageof
Shooting device for free-surface impact studies
The hydrodynamics of free-surface impacts are of great interest to scientists across many disciplines including ocean engineering, fluids mechanics, and biology. This thesis focuses on designing a mechanism to shoot small ...
Daigh, Sara L. (Sarah Louise), 1981-
The Impact of Neighbourhood Density on the Energy Demand of Passive Houses and on Potential Energy Sources from the Waste Flows and Solar Energy.
??This study demonstrates how the density of a neighbourhood affects its energy demand, metabolism (energy and material flows) and its ability to produce its own� (more)
Stupka, Robert
The impact assessment of eccentric installation and roughness change in piping on the orifice flow measurement
In orifice flowmeters used in nuclear power plants, requirements for the inner surface roughness of upstream piping and eccentric installation exist depending on certain standards. If these cannot be satisfied based on the installation condition, an appropriate error margin must be considered, although this remains to be clarified. In this research, quantitative data concerning the relative error of orifice flowmeters were obtained during experiments with the parameters of the inner surface roughness of upstream piping and the installation eccentricity of the orifice hole. The maximum Reynolds number of the experimental facility is about 1.6x10{sup 6}. In orifice flowmeters, the flow rate is calculated based on the differential pressure between upstream and downstream orifices and the peculiar discharge coefficient C. The latter value shows an upward trend with increasing roughness of piping, while change of 0.3% of C was observed in terms of roughness (case 2), which approaches the limits of the JIS standard. With significant roughness (Case 3) that exceeds five times the JIS standard, C is shown to have increased by about 1%. No influence was observed by varying the direction of eccentric installation, hence this was fixed and the amount of eccentricity was considered. Change in C of about 0.25% was observed when around twice the standard level of eccentricity was applied. The error margin data under conditions exceeding the JIS standard for the orifice flowmeter was obtained. (authors)
Nishi, Y.; Eguchi, Y.; Nishihara, T.; Kanai, T.; Kondo, M. [Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry CRIEPI, 2-11-1 Iwado Kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo 201-8511 (Japan)
Experimental study of the effects of wakes on separation in low pressure turbine flow
The present study, which is the first of a series of investigations dealing with specific issues of low pressure turbine (LPT) boundary layer aerodynamics, is aimed at providing a detailed unsteady boundary flow information to understand...
O?ztu?rk, Burak
Development of a novel in vitro model to study the tryptic : endothelial cells, monocytes and flow
This thesis describes the development of a novel in vitro model of monocytes transmigration under flow and use in the study of early molecular events of atherogenesis. In this work, we focused on how endothelial dysfunction, ...
Turjman, Alexis S. (Alexis Salomon)
Study of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media with laser-polarized ��?Xe NMR
This thesis presents Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of gas flow dynamics in porous and granular media by using laser-polarized ��?Xe . Two different physical processes, the gas transport in porous rock cores and ...
Wang, Ruopeng, 1972-
The effects of hyperventilation on peripheral blood flow: a study of cardiopulmonary interactions
skeletal muscle and diaphragm activity may occur. Therefore, this reflex may have important consequences in an increased ventilatory state. It is the purpose of this study to examine the effects of hyperventilation on peripheral blood flow. Levels...
Loy, Robin Ann
The study and characterization of the major flow through rectangular slit virtual impactor
The major flow through a rectangular slit virtual impactor was experimentally studied. The impactor was a two-dimensional rectangular slit dichotomous sampler. A series of experiments were performed using monodisperse liquid oleic acid particles...
Gupta, Amit
Impact of Ethanol on Benzene Plume Lengths: Microbial and Modeling Studies
Impact of Ethanol on Benzene Plume Lengths: Microbial and Modeling Studies Rula A. Deeb1 ; Jonathan with Federal Clean Air Act requirements for carbon monoxide and ozone attainment, ethanol is being considered as a replacement for MTBE. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential impact of ethanol on benzene
Alvarez, Pedro J.
Impact of acquisitions on short-run returns and leverage: two studies in corporate finance�
This dissertation consists of two empirical studies in corporate finance. The first study, The Impact of Acquisitions on the Short-Run Returns to Shareholders and Bondholders, investigates shareholder and bondholder ...
Tao, Qizhi
Studies of the analyte-carrier interface in flow injection analysis
Chemical analysis in flowing solution is popular for automation of classical methods. However, most of the classical methods are not specific enough for direct multicomponent analysis of simple mixtures. This research project has the goals of study of rapid multicomponent analysis of transient species in flowing media, and investigations of chemical reactions at interfaces and of effects of competition on distribution of products from interfacial reaction. This report summarizes work done over the past 4.5 years; support has been terminated.
Brown, S.D.
Cotton flow
Using the conformally invariant Cotton tensor, we define a geometric flow, the "Cotton flow", which is exclusive to three dimensions. This flow tends to evolve the initial metrics into conformally flat ones, and is somewhat orthogonal to the Yamabe flow, the latter being a flow within a conformal class. We define an entropy functional, and study the flow of nine homogeneous spaces both numerically and analytically. In particular, we show that the arbitrarily deformed homogeneous 3-sphere flows into the round 3-sphere. Two of the nine homogeneous geometries, which are degenerated by the Ricci flow, are left intact by the Cotton flow.
Ali Ulas Ozgur Kisisel; Ozgur Sarioglu; Bayram Tekin
Public service impacts of geothermal development: cumulative impacts study of the Geysers KGRA. Final staff report
The number of workers currently involved in the various aspects of geothermal development in the Geysers are identified. Using two different development scenarios, projections are made for the number of power plants needed to reach the electrical generation capacity of the steam resource in the Geysers. The report also projects the cumulative number of workers needed to develop the steam field and to construct, operate, and maintain these power plants. Although the number of construction workers fluctuates, most are not likely to become new, permanent residents of the KGRA counties. The administrative and public service costs of geothermal development to local jurisdications are examined, and these costs are compared to geothermal revenues accruing to the local governments. Revenues do not cover the immediate fiscal needs resulting from increases in local road maintenance and school enrollment attributable to geothermal development. Several mitigation options are discussed and a framework presented for calculating mitigation costs for school and road impacts.
Matthews, K.M.
A numerical study of flow-structure interactions with application to flow past a pair of cylinders
Flow-structure interaction is a generic problem for many engineering applications, such as flow--induced oscillations of marine risers and cables. In this thesis a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) approach based on ...
Papaioannou, Georgios (Georgios Vasilios), 1975-
Study of electrokinetic effects to quantify groundwater flow
An experimental study of electrokinetic effects (streaming potential) in earth materials was undertaken. The objective was to evaluate the measurement of electrokinetic effects as a method of monitoring and predicting the movement of groundwater, contaminant plumes, and other fluids in the subsurface. The laboratory experiments verified that the electrokinetic effects in earth materials are prominent, repeatable, and can be described well to first order by a pair of coupled differential equations.
Brown, S.R. [Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Haupt, R.W. [MIT Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA (United States)
ISO9001 Certification in UK Organisations A comparative study of motivations and impacts.
ISO9001 Certification in UK Organisations A comparative study of motivations and impacts. Scott Mc considered as the minimum standard for a quality management system. The number of ISO 9001 certified if the motives for obtaining ISO 9001 certification, and the perceived impacts to be derived from ISO 9001
Accepted Manuscript Integrated models to study the impact of ELMs and disruptions on lithium in
geometrical effects on divertor erosion dynamics. Lithium expansion in divertor and SOL areas may potentiallyAccepted Manuscript Integrated models to study the impact of ELMs and disruptions on lithium the impact of ELMs and disruptions on lithium in the NSTX divertor, Journal of Nuclear Materials (2010), doi
Harilal, S. S.
A study of wave flow around thin piles and pile groups
Ma)or Sub]ect: Ocean Engineering A STUDY OF WAVE FLOW AROUND THIN PILES AND PILE GROUPS A Thesis by JOHN PATRICK HANEY, III Approved as to style and content by: a rman o o ttee ea o epartm t em er December 1977 ABSTRACT A Study of Wave..., known as runup, occurs. Concurrently, a cavity known as drawdown is formed behind the pile. Wave runup on beaches has been the subject of many studies. Wave flow patterns around single piles have been investigated several times, as discussed below...
Haney, John Patrick
A New Aerosol Flow System for Photochemical and Thermal Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols
For studying the formation and photochemical/thermal reactions of aerosols relevant to the troposphere, a unique, high-volume, slow-flow, stainless steel aerosol flow system equipped with 5 UV lamps has been constructed and characterized experimentally. The total flow system length 6 is 8.5 m and includes a 1.2 m section used for mixing, a 6.1 m reaction section and a 1.2 m 7 transition cone at the end. The 45.7 cm diameter results in a smaller surface to volume ratio than is found in many other flow systems and thus reduces the potential contribution from wall reactions. The latter are also reduced by frequent cleaning of the flow tube walls which is made feasible by the ease of disassembly. The flow tube is equipped with ultraviolet lamps for photolysis. This flow system allows continuous sampling under stable conditions, thus increasing the amount of sample available for analysis and permitting a wide variety of analytical techniques to be applied simultaneously. The residence time is of the order of an hour, and sampling ports located along the length of the flow tube allow for time-resolved measurements of aerosol and gas-phase products. The system was characterized using both an inert gas (CO2) and particles (atomized NaNO3). Instruments interfaced directly to this flow system include a NOx analyzer, an ozone analyzer, relative humidity and temperature probes, a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, an integrating nephelometer, and a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer equipped with a long path (64 m) cell. Particles collected with impactors and filters at the various sampling ports can be analyzed subsequently by a variety of techniques. Formation of secondary organic aerosol from ?-pinene reactions (NOx photooxidation and ozonolysis) are used to demonstrate the capabilities of this new system.
Ezell, Michael J.; Johnson, Stanley N.; Yu, Yong; Perraud, Veronique; Bruns, Emily; Alexander, M. L.; Zelenyuk, Alla; Dabdub, Donald; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.
An Analytical Study of Thermophoretic Particulate Deposition in Turbulent Pipe Flows
The presence of a cold surface in non-isothermal pipe flows conveying submicron particles causes thermophoretic particulate deposition. In this study, an analytical method is developed to estimate thermophoretic particulate deposition efficiency and its effect on overall heat transfer coefficient of pipe flows in transition and turbulent flow regimes. The proposed analytical solution has been validated against experiments conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Exhaust gas carrying submicron soot particles was passed through pipes with a constant wall temperature and various designed boundary conditions to correlate transition and turbulent flow regimes. Prediction of the reduction in heat transfer coefficient and particulate mass deposited has been compared with experiments. The results of the analytical method are in a reasonably good agreement with experiments.
Abarham, Mehdi [University of Michigan; Hoard, John W. [University of Michigan; Assanis, Dennis [University of Michigan; Styles, Dan [Ford Motor Company; Sluder, Scott [ORNL; Storey, John Morse [ORNL
A Study of Revenue Flows in Packet Networks under Multiple Administrative Domains
A Study of Revenue Flows in Packet Networks under Multiple Administrative Domains Saadullah Tareenx that they usually only consider a single network and always consider a single administrative domain when for a detailed study of more realistic networks under multiple administrative domains. The interac- tions between
Study of nuclear dynamics of neutron-rich colliding pair at energy of vanishing flow
We study nuclear dynamics at the energy of vanishing flow of neutron-rich systems having N/Z ratio 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 throughout the mass range at semi central colliding geometry. In particular we study the behavior of average and maximum density with N/Z dependence of the system.
Sakshi Gautam
A Transcendental Phenomenological Examination on the Impact of Advising on the Decision to Study Abroad
to increase high-impact experiences for agricultural students, it is important to understand advisor and peer advisor perspectives. The purpose of this study was to understand departmental advisors� and peer advisors� perceptions related to a student�s intent...
Henry, Julianne Shauna
A MOSSBAUER STUDY OF AUSTENITE STABILITY AND IMPACT FRACTURE IN Fe - 6 Ni STEEL
IMPACT FRACTURE IN Fe-6Ni STEEL Brent Thomas Fultz Materialscommercial cryogenic alloy steel was studied with regard toThe Experiments Fe-6Ni-lMn steel plate was received from the
Fultz, Brent
Solar radiation management impacts on agriculture in China: A case study in the Geoengineering
Solar radiation management impacts on agriculture in China: A case study in the Geoengineering-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Abstract Geoengineering via solar radiation management could affect agricultural productivity due to changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation
Robock, Alan
Study of an ammonia-based wet scrubbing process in a continuous flow system
A continuous gas and liquid flow, regenerative scrubbing process for CO{sub 2} capture was demonstrated at the bench-scale level. An aqueous ammonia-based solution captures CO{sub 2} from simulated flue gas in an absorber and releases a nearly pure stream of CO{sub 2} in the regenerator. After the regeneration, the solution of ammonium compounds is recycled to the absorber. The design of a continuous flow unit was based on earlier exploratory results from a semi-batch reactor, where a CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} simulated flue gas mixture flowed through a well-mixed batch of ammonia-based solution. During the semi-batch tests, the solution was cycled between absorption and regeneration steps to measure the carrying capacity of the solution at various initial ammonia concentrations and temperatures. Consequentially, a series of tests were conducted on the continuous unit to observe the effect of various parameters on CO{sub 2} removal efficiency and regenerator effectiveness within the flow system. The parameters that were studied included absorber temperature, regenerator temperature, initial NH{sub 3} concentration, simulated flue gas flow rate, liquid solvent inventory in the flow system, and height of the packed-bed absorber. From this testing and subsequent testing, ammonia losses from both the absorption and regeneration steps were quantified, and attempts were made to maintain steady state during operations. Implications of experimental results with respect to process design are discussed.
Mao, James X.; Lee, Anita S.; Kitchin, John R.; Nulwala, Hunaid B.; Luebke, David R.; Damodaran, Krishnan
There has been an increasing interest in probabilistic modeling of hydrogeologic systems. The classical approach to groundwater modeling has been deterministic in nature, where individual layers and formations are assumed to be uniformly homogeneous. Even in the case of complex heterogeneous systems, the heterogeneities describe the differences in parameter values between various layers, but not within any individual layer. In a deterministic model a single-number is assigned to each hydrogeologic parameter, given a particular scale of interest. However, physically there is no such entity as a truly uniform and homogeneous unit. Single-number representations or deterministic predictions are subject to uncertainties. The approach used in this work models such uncertainties with probabilistic parameters. The resulting statistical distributions of output variables are analyzed. A numerical algorithm, based on axiomatic principles of probability theory, performs arithmetic operations between probability distributions. Two subroutines are developed from the algorithm and incorporated into the computer program TERZAGI, which solves groundwater flow problems in saturated, multi-dimensional systems. The probabilistic computer program is given the name, PROGRES. The algorithm has been applied to study the following problems: one-dimensional flow through homogeneous media, steady-state and transient flow conditions, one-dimensional flow through heterogeneous media, steady-state and transient flow conditions, and two-dimensional steady-stte flow through heterogeneous media. The results are compared with those available in the literature.
Buscheck, Timothy Eric
Proc. IEEE PowerTech, Bucharest, June 2009. 1 Abstract-Power flow studies are typically used to determine
Proc. IEEE PowerTech, Bucharest, June 2009. 1 Abstract-Power flow studies are typically used, and hence reliable solution algorithms that incorporate the effect of data uncertainty into the power flow to the power flow problem with uncertainties is explained in detail, and several numerical results
Cañizares, Claudio A.
Experimental study on corrugated cross-flow air-cooled plate heat exchangers
Experimental study on cross-flow air-cooled plate heat exchangers (PHEs) was performed. The two prototype PHEs were manufactured in a stack of single-wave plates and double-wave plates in parallel. Cooling air flows through the PHEs in a crosswise direction against internal cooling water. The heat exchanger aims to substitute open-loop cooling towers with closed-loop water circulation, which guarantees cleanliness and compactness. In this study, the prototype PHEs were tested in a laboratory scale experiments. From the tests, double-wave PHE shows approximately 50% enhanced heat transfer performance compared to single-wave PHE. However, double-wave PHE costs 30% additional pressure drop. For commercialization, a wide channel design for air flow would be essential for reliable performance. (author)
Kim, Minsung; Baik, Young-Jin; Park, Seong-Ryong; Ra, Ho-Sang [Solar Thermal and Geothermal Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343 (Korea); Lim, Hyug [Research and Development Center, LHE Co., Ltd., Gimhae 621-874 (Korea)
, performance coefficient, unsteady simulation, VAWT, vertical axis, wind energy, pitch controlled bladesNUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW STREAM IN A MINI VAWT WITH RELATIVE ROTATING BLADES Bayeul-Lainé Annie.dockter- firstname.lastname@example.com,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate
Optimal Homogenization of Perfusion Flows in Microfluidic Bio-Reactors: A Numerical Study
Optimal Homogenization of Perfusion Flows in Microfluidic Bio-Reactors: A Numerical Study Fridolin of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Abstract In recent years, the interest in small-scale bio-reactors microfluidic bio-reactors, we develop a general design of a continually feed bio- reactor with uniform
Study of Gas Flow Dynamics in Porous and Granular Media with Laser-Polarized 129
Abstract This thesis presents Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of gas flow dynamics in porous in porous rock cores and the mass exchanges between different phases in fluidized granular systems, were-emulsion exchange and emulsion-adsorption exchange in a fluidized bed are two processes crucial to the efficiency
Walsworth, Ronald L.
The 2007/08 Iowa Grain and Biofuel Flow Study: A Survey Report
by the expanding production of biofuels, the linkage between the agricultural and energy markets is evolvingThe 2007/08 Iowa Grain and Biofuel Flow Study: A Survey Report Tun-Hsiang (Edward) Yu and Chad Hart: www.card.iastate.edu. Permission is granted to excerpt or quote this information with appropriate
Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.
Numerical Study of Steady Turbulent Flow through Bifurcated Nozzles in Continuous Casting
. The effects of nozzle design and casting process operating variables on the jet characteristics exitingNumerical Study of Steady Turbulent Flow through Bifurcated Nozzles in Continuous Casting FADY M. NAJJAR, BRIAN G. THOMAS, and DONALD E. HERSHEY Bifurcated nozzles are used in continuous casting
Thomas, Brian G.
Laser velocimetry study of the flow field in a centrifugal pump
~ I 0 ((I (K IE 0 Eg g 0 :5 8 O 0 g E( (((E QO . . E- 6i EEE 5!X. . ( N CC E(: NI RS KR OQ 0 EEW AA 0 -"ni V 0 O CO (EP 4 EEE 0 ~ E Q Og ((E O ~ 0(O A 00 ~ 0 E' ~ 29 the beam splitter prism. The direction of the flow...-Chair of Committee) PS4~ Yassin A. Hassan (Member) W. L. Bradley (Head of Department) MAY 1993 ABSTRACT Laser Velocimetry Study of the Flow Field in a Centrifugal Pump. (May 1993) Kazi M. Rashid, B. S. , Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology Co...
Rashid, Kazi M.
Experimental Study of Two Phase Flow Behavior Past BWR Spacer Grids
Performance of best estimate codes used in the nuclear industry can be significantly improved by reducing the empiricism embedded in their constitutive models. Spacer grids have been found to have an important impact on the maximum allowable Critical Heat Flux within the fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core. Therefore, incorporation of suitable spacer grids models can improve the critical heat flux prediction capability of best estimate codes. Realistic modeling of entrainment behavior of spacer grids requires understanding the different mechanisms that are involved. Since visual information pertaining to the entrainment behavior of spacer grids cannot possibly be obtained from operating nuclear reactors, experiments have to be designed and conducted for this specific purpose. Most of the spacer grid experiments available in literature have been designed in view of obtaining quantitative data for the purpose of developing or modifying empirical formulations for heat transfer, critical heat flux or pressure drop. Very few experiments have been designed to provide fundamental information which can be used to understand spacer grid effects and phenomena involved in two phase flow. Air-water experiments were conducted to obtain visual information on the two-phase flow behavior both upstream and downstream of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) spacer grids. The test section was designed and constructed using prototypic dimensions such as the channel cross-section, rod diameter and other spacer grid configurations of a typical BWR fuel assembly. The test section models the flow behavior in two adjacent sub channels in the BWR core. A portion of a prototypic BWR spacer grid accounting for two adjacent channels was used with industrial mild steel rods for the purpose of representing the channel internals. Symmetry was preserved in this practice, so that the channel walls could effectively be considered as the channel boundaries. Thin films were established on the rod surfaces by injecting water through a set of perforations at the bottom ends of the rods, ensuring that the flow upstream of the bottom-most spacer grid is predominantly annular. The flow conditions were regulated such that they represent typical BWR operating conditions. Photographs taken during experiments show that the film entrainment increases significantly at the spacer grids, since the points of contact between the rods and the grids result in a peeling off of large portions of the liquid film from the rod surfaces. Decreasing the water flow resulted in eventual drying out, beginning at positions immediately upstream of the spacer grids. (authors)
Ratnayake, Ruwan K.; Hochreiter, L.E.; Ivanov, K.N.; Cimbala, J.M. [The Pennsylvania State University, 237 Reber Building, University Park, PA (United States)
Dynamics in shear flow studied by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the diffusive dynamics of colloidal particles in a shear flow. The results presented here show how the intensity autocorrelation functions measure both the diffusive dynamics of the particles and their flow-induced, convective motion. However, in the limit of low flow/shear rates, it is possible to obtain the diffusive component of the dynamics, which makes the method suitable for the study of the dynamical properties of a large class of complex soft-matter and biological fluids. An important benefit of this experimental strategy over more traditional X-ray methods is the minimization of X-ray induced beam damage. While the method can be applied also for photon correlation spectroscopy in the visible domain, our analysis shows that the experimental conditions under which it is possible to measure the diffusive dynamics are easier to achieve at higher q values (with X-rays).
Sebastian Busch; Torben Haugaard Jensen; Yuriy Chushkin; Andrei Fluerasu
Study of vaneless diffuser rotating stall based on two-dimensional inviscid flow analysis
Rotating stalls in vaneless diffusers are studied from the viewpoint that they are basically two-dimensional inviscid flow instability under the boundary conditions of vanishing velocity disturbance at the diffuser inlet and of vanishing pressure disturbance at the diffuser outlet. The linear analysis in the present report shows that the critical flow angle and the propagation velocity are functions of only the diffuser radius ratio. It is shown that the present analysis can reproduce most of the general characteristics observed in experiments: critical flow angle, propagation velocity, velocity, and pressure disturbance fields. It is shown that the vanishing velocity disturbance at the diffuser inlet is caused by the nature of impellers as a resistance and an inertial resistance, which is generally strong enough to suppress the velocity disturbance at the diffuser inlet. This explains the general experimental observations that vaneless diffuser rotating stalls are not largely affected by the impeller.
Tsujimoto, Yoshinobu; Yoshida, Yoshiki [Osaka Univ., Toyonaka, Osaka (Japan); Mori, Yasumasa [Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Ohta, Tokyo (Japan)
Numerical study of transition to supersonic flows in the edge plasma
The plasma scrape-off layer (SOL) in a tokamak is characterized by ion flow down a long narrow flux tube terminating on a solid surface. The ion flow velocity along a magnetic field line can be equal to or greater than sonic at the entrance of a Debye sheath or upstream in the presheath. This paper presents a numerical study of the transition between subsonic and supersonics flows. A quasineutral one-dimensional (1D) fluid code has been used for modeling of plasma transport in the SOL along magnetic field lines, both in steady state and under transient conditions. The model uses coupled equations for continuity, momentum, and energy balance with ionization, radiation, charge exchange, and recombination processes. The recycled neutrals are described in the diffusion approximation. Standard Bohm sheath criterion is used as boundary conditions at the material surface. Three conditions conducive for the generation of supersonic flows in SOL plasmas have been explored. It is found that in steady state high (attached) and low (detached) divertor temperatures cases, the role of particle, momentum, and energy loss is critical. For attached case, the appearance of shock waves in the divertor region if the incoming plasma flow is supersonic and its effect on impurity retention is presented. In the third case, plasma expansion along the magnetic field can yield time-dependent supersonic solutions in the quasineutral rarefaction wave. Such situations can arise in the parallel transport of intermittent structures such as blobs and edge localized mode filaments along field lines.
Goswami, Rajiv, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Artaud, Jean-Fran�ois; Imbeaux, Fr�d�ric [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Kaw, Predhiman [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar�382428 (India)
Studies of micromorphology and current efficiency of zinc electrodeposited from flowing chloride electrolytes
Results of a study of the micromorphology and current efficiency of zinc electrodeposited from flowing, acidic chloride solutions are reported. The effects of six variables were examined: flow rate, current density, zinc and hydrogen ion concentration, concentrations of nickel, iron and cadmium impurity ions, and the nature of the substrate. The development of micromorphology was studied in-situ by means of videomicrography and ex-situ by means of scanning electron microscopy. This investigation focused on the formation of grooved deposits, which are found under a wide range of deposition conditions. The major conclusions of this study are: the most important variable determining whether grooved deposits form is the interfacial concentration; large protrusions orient themselves parallel to the flow direction with the orientation starting upstream and progressing downstream; large protrusions become ridges due to growth of the highest current density portions of the electrode under mass transport control. The current efficiency was measured using EDTA titration and weight measurements. The fraction of the current taken by zinc deposition increased with zinc concentration, ranging up to 100%, and decreased with pH. The efficiency of zinc deposition was affected by the flow rate and the substrate employed. Impurities lowered the current efficiency.
Mc Vay, L.; Muller, R.H.; Tobias, C.W.
Study of junction flows in louvered fin round tube heat exchangers using the dye injection technique
Detailed studies of junction flows in heat exchangers with an interrupted fin design are rare. However, understanding these flow structures is important for design and optimization purposes, because the thermal hydraulic performance of heat exchangers is strongly related to the flow behaviour. In this study flow visualization experiments were performed in six scaled-up models of a louvered fin round tube heat exchanger. The models have three tube rows in a staggered layout and differ only in their fin spacing and louver angle. A water tunnel was designed and built and the flow visualizations were carried out using dye injection. At low Reynolds numbers the streakline follows the tube contours, while at higher Reynolds numbers a horseshoe vortex is developed ahead of the tubes. The two resulting streamwise vortex legs are destroyed by the downstream louvers (i.e. downstream the turnaround louver), especially at higher Reynolds numbers, smaller fin pitches and larger louver angles. Increasing the fin spacing results in a larger and stronger horseshoe vortex. This illustrates that a reduction of the fin spacing results in a dissipation of vortical motion by mechanical blockage and skin friction. Furthermore it was observed that the vortex strength and number of vortices in the second tube row is larger than in the first tube row. This is due to the thicker boundary layer in the second tube row, and the flow deflection, which is typical for louvered fin heat exchangers. Visualizations at the tube-louver junction showed that in the transition part between the angled louver and the flat landing a vortex is present underneath the louver surface which propagates towards the angled louver. (author)
Huisseune, H.; Willockx, A.; De Paepe, M. [Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent (Belgium); T'Joen, C. [Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent (Belgium); Department Radiation, Radionuclides and Reactors, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft (Netherlands); De Jaeger, P. [Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent (Belgium); NV Bekaert SA, Bekaertstraat 2, 8550 Zwevegem (Belgium)
A comparative review of accident studies from recent environmental impact statements
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently prepared or is in the process of preparing a number of programmatic and site-specific environmental impact statements (EISs). This study was conducted for the purpose of reviewing the self-consistency of programmatic alternatives, associated relative impacts, and supporting data, methods, and assumptions in EISs prepared for related activities. The following EISs, which deal with waste management issues, are reviewed in this paper (the parenthetical acronyms are referred to in Table 1): (1) Final Environmental Impact Statement, Savannah River Site Waste Management, DOE/EIS-0217, Vol. II, July 1995. (SRS WM-EIS), (2) Draft Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Managing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste, DOE/EIS-0200-D, Vol. IV, Aug. 1995. (WM PEIS), (3) Final Environmental Impact Statement, Interim Management of Nuclear Materials at the Savannah River Site. DOE/EIS-0220, Oct. 1995. (IMNM EIS), (4) Department of Energy Programmatic Spent Nuclear Fuel Management and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Programs Environmental Impact Statement, DOE/EIS-0203-F, April 1995. (INEL Site-Wide-EIS), (5) Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Disposition of Surplus Highly Enriched Uranium, DOE/EIS-0240-D, Oct. 1995. (HEU Disposition EIS), (6) Final Environmental Impact Statement, Safe Interim Storage of Hanford Tank Wastes, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington, DOE/EIS-0212, Oct. 1995. (SIS EIS). This study compares the facility accident analysis approaches used in these EISs vis-a-vis the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) guidance developed by DOE (Recommendations for the Preparation of Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements, Office of NEPA Oversight). The purpose of the comparative review of these approaches with NEPA guidance is to identify potential preferred paths for future EISs.
Mueller, C.; Folga, S.; Nabelssi, B.
Scrape-Off-Layer Flow Studies in Tokamaks: Final Report of LDRD Project 09-ERD-025
A summary is given of the work carried out under the LDRD project 09-ERD-025 entitled Scrape-Off-Layer Flow Studies in Tokamaks. This project has lead to implementation of the new prototype Fourier Transform Spectrometer edge plasma flow diagnostic on the DIII-D National Fusion Facility at General Atomics, acquisition of carbon impurity concentration and flow data, and demonstration that the resulting data compare reasonably well with LLNL's edge plasma transport code UEDGE. Details of the work are contained in attached published papers, while the most recent results that are being written-up for publication are summarized in the report. Boundary plasma flows in tokamak fusion devices are key in determining the distribution of fuel and impurity ions, with tritium build-up in the walls an especially critical operational issue. The intrusion of impurity ions to the hot plasma core region can result in serious energy-loss owing to line radiation. However, flow diagnostic capability has been severely limited in fusion-relevant hot edge plasmas where Langmuir-type probes cannot withstand the high heat flux and traditional Doppler spectroscopy has limited resolution and signal strength. Thus, new edge plasma flow diagnostic capabilities need to be developed that can be used in existing and future devices such as ITER. The understanding of such flows requires simulation with 2-dimensional transport codes owing to the geometrical complexity of the edge region in contact with material surfaces and the large number of interaction physical processes including plasma flow along and across the magnetic field, and coupling between impurity and neutral species. The characteristics of edge plasma flows are substantially affected by cross-magnetic-field drifts (ExB/B{sup 2} and BxVB/B{sup 2}), which are known to introduce substantial convergence difficulty for some cases. It is important that these difficulties be overcome so that drifts can be included in transport models, both for validation with existing data and for projection to future devices.
Rognlien, T D; Allen, S L; Ellis, R M; Porter, G D; Nam, S K; Weber, T R; Umansky, M V; Howard, J
Studies on the applicability of a flow coupler to a liquid-metal fast breeder reactor plant
A flow coupler is considered as an alternative to the conventional primary pump in a liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR). A conceptual design of a flow coupler combined with an intermediate heat exchanger in a pool-type LMFBR was done. Based on this design, a one-tenth-scale flow coupler model was built and successfully operated in a high-temperature sodium loop. To estimate the flow coupler characteristics, a quasi-one-dimensional code was developed. From these studies, the flow coupler pump concept appears to be feasible for actual use in an LMFBR.
Hattori, S.; Takuma, S.; Nemoto, K. (Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry, 1-6-1 Ohtemachi,, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 (JP)); Terada, M.; Sano, T. (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., 2-5-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 (JP))
Multi-lane hybrid traffic flow model: a theory on the impacts of lane-changing maneuvers
is parsimonious; it requires only one more parameter than the simple kinematic wave model. The extra parameter flow models do not address lane-changing phenomena properly. Extensions to kinematic wave (KW) theory
Daganzo, Carlos F.
Flow visualisation in inclined louvered fins
In this study the flow within an interrupted fin design, the inclined louvered fin, is investigated experimentally through visualisation. The inclined louvered fin is a hybrid of the offset strip fin and standard louvered fin, aimed at improved performance at low Reynolds numbers for compact heat exchangers. The flow behaviour is studied in six geometrically different configurations over a range of Reynolds numbers and quantified using the concept of 'fin angle alignment factor'. The transition from steady laminar to unsteady flow was studied in detail. The fin geometry had a very large impact on the transitional flow behaviour, especially on vortex shedding. (author)
T'Joen, C.; De Paepe, M. [Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics, Ghent University-UGent, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Gent (Belgium); Jacobi, A. [Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States)
Scoping Study on the Safety Impact of Valve Spacing in Natural Gas Pipelines
The U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is responsible for ensuring the safe, reliable, and environmentally sound operation of the nation's natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines. Regulations adopted by PHMSA for gas pipelines are provided in 49 CFR 192, and spacing requirements for valves in gas transmission pipelines are presented in 49 CFR 192.179. The present report describes the findings of a scoping study conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to assist PHMSA in assessing the safety impact of system valve spacing. Calculations of the pressures, temperatures, and flow velocities during a set of representative pipe depressurization transients were carried out using a one-dimensional numerical model with either ideal gas or real gas properties for the fluid. With both ideal gas and real gas properties, the high-consequence area radius for any resulting fire as defined by Stevens in GRI-00/0189 was evaluated as one measure of the pipeline safety. In the real gas case, a model for convective heat transfer from the pipe wall is included to assess the potential for shut-off valve failures due to excessively low temperatures resulting from depressurization cooling of the pipe. A discussion is also provided of some additional factors by which system valve spacing could affect overall pipeline safety. The following conclusions can be drawn from this work: (1) Using an adaptation of the Stephens hazard radius criteria, valve spacing has a negligible influence on natural gas pipeline safety for the pipeline diameter, pressure range, and valve spacings considered in this study. (2) Over the first 30 s of the transient, pipeline pressure has a far greater effect on the hazard radius calculated with the Stephens criteria than any variations in the transient flow decay profile and the average discharge rate. (3) Other factors besides the Stephens criteria, such as the longer burn time for an accidental fire, greater period of danger to emergency personnel, increased unavoidable loss of gas, and possible depressurization cooling of the shut-off valves may also be important when deciding whether a change in the required valve spacing would be beneficial from a safety standpoint. (4) The average normalized discharge rate of {lambda}{sub avg} = 0.33 assumed by Stephens in developing his safety criteria is an excellent conservative value for natural gas discharge at the pressures, valve spacings, and pipe diameter used in this study. This conclusion remains valid even when real rather than ideal gas properties are considered in the analysis. (5) Significant pipe wall cooling effects (T{sub w} < -50 F or 228 K) can extend for a mile or more upstream from the rupture point within 30 s of a break. These conditions are colder than the temperature range specifications for many valve lubricants. The length of the low-temperature zone due to this cooling effect is also essentially independent of the system shut-off valve spacing or the distance between the break and a compressor station. (6) Having more redundant shut-off valves available would reduce the probability that pipe cooling effects could interfere with isolating the broken area following a pipeline rupture accident.
Sulfredge, Charles David [ORNL
Sand transverse dune aerodynamics: 3D Coherent Flow Structures from a computational study
The engineering interest about dune fields is dictated by the their interaction with a number of human infrastructures in arid environments. The aerodynamic behaviour of sand dunes in atmospheric boundary layer belongs to the class of bluff bodies. Because of their simple geometry and their frequent occurrence in desert area, transverse sand dunes are usually adopted in literature as a benchmark to investigate dune aerodynamics by means of both computational or experimental approach, usually in nominally 2D setups. The writers suspect the flow in the wake is characterised by 3D features and affected by wind tunnel setup - e.g. blockage effect, duct side wall boundary layer, incoming velocity profile - when experimental studies are carried out. The present study aims at evaluating the 3D flow features of an idealised transverse dune under different setup conditions by means of computational simulations and to compare the obtained results with experimental measurements.
Bruno, Luca
A Comparative Study on the Environmental Impact of CO2 Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
Supermarket refrigeration systems have high environmental impact due to their large refrigerant charge and high leak rates. Accordingly, the interest in using natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and new refrigerant blends with low GWP in such systems is increasing. In this paper, an open-source Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) framework is presented and used to compare the environmental impact of three supermarket refrigeration systems. These systems include a transcritical CO2 booster system, a cascade CO2/N-40 system, and a baseline R-404A multiplex direct expansion system. The study is performed for cities representing different climates within the USA using EnergyPlus to simulate the systems' hourly performance. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to study the impact of annual leak rate on the systems' LCCP.
Beshr, Mohamed [University of Maryland, College Park; Aute, Vikrant [University of Maryland, College Park; Sharma, Vishaldeep [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL; Fricke, Brian A [ORNL; Radermacher, Reinhard [University of Maryland, College Park
Kinematical studies of the flows around free or surface-mounted obstacles; applying topology to flow visualization
the wave potential energy, to sufficient accuracy. (It is the Lagrangian, not the Eulerian, disturbance Magnetohydrodynamic flows and turbulence : a report on the Second Bat-Sheva Seminar by H. BRANOVER,J. C. R. HUNT,M. R by a factor of 10-1 times that of the liquid crz) occupying the centre. The efficiency of these generators can
Cambridge, University of
Using Stochastic Discounted Cash Flow and Real Option Monte Carlo Simulation to Analyse the Impacts of Contingent Taxes on
on the economics of their projects. This paper examines the valuation of a multi-phase copper-gold project to government, smelters and refineries, creditors and equity. Non-linear cash flows have a curved or `kinked of a copper-gold project. An analysis of the recent Mongolian windfall tax illustrates how tax changes affect
A microfluidic flow-cell for the study of the ultrafast dynamics of biological systems
The study of biochemical dynamics by ultrafast spectroscopic methods is often restricted by the limited amount of liquid sample available, while the high repetition rate of light sources can induce photodamage. In order to overcome these limitations, we designed a high flux, sub-ml, capillary flow-cell. While the 0.1 mm thin window of the 0.5 mm cross-section capillary ensures an optimal temporal resolution and a steady beam deviation, the cell-pump generates flows up to ?0.35 ml/s that are suitable to pump laser repetition rates up to ?14 kHz, assuming a focal spot-diameter of 100 ?m. In addition, a decantation chamber efficiently removes bubbles and allows, via septum, for the addition of chemicals while preserving the closed atmosphere. The minimal useable amount of sample is ?250 ?l.
Chauvet, Adrien, E-mail: email@example.com; Chergui, Majed [Ecole Polytechnique F�d�rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Facult� des Sciences de Base, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland); Tibiletti, Tania; Caffarri, Stefano [Aix Marseille Universit�, CNRS, CEA, UMR 7265 Biologie V�g�tale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13009 Marseille (France)
Removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted air in a reverse flow reactor: An experimental study
An experimental study of the reverse flow reactor for the purification of contaminated air has been carried out. An experimental reactor with an inner diameter of 0.145 m has been constructed. It almost completely reached the goal of an adiabatically operating system. The influence of several operating parameters such as gas velocity, cycle period, chemical character, and concentration of the pollutants and reactor pressure are discussed. The reactor could be operated autothermally provided that the inlet concentrations were sufficiently high. If a mixture of contaminants is fed to the reactor, it might be necessary to increase the total hydrocarbon concentration to assure an autothermal process. Increasing the reactor pressure will hardly change the axial temperature profiles, if the mass flux is kept constant. Increasing the mass flow rate will lead to a higher plateau temperature. Not only the reactor behavior at fixed operating conditions, but also the response of the reactor toward variations in inlet conditions is reported.
Beld, B. van de; Borman, R.A.; Derkx, O.R.; Woezik, B.A.A. van; Westerterp, K.R. (Univ. of Twente, Enschede (Netherlands). Dept. of Chemical Engineering)
The impact of climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition and land use change on simulated contemporary global river flow
The impact of climate, CO2, nitrogen deposition and land use change on simulated contemporary., 38, L08704, doi:10.1029/ 2011GL046773. 1. Introduction [2] Climate change and human activities and Fung [2008] found that climate and land use change play more important roles than the stomatal closure
Hoffman, Forrest M.
The Recent National Academy of Sciences Study on the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Policy
The Recent National Academy of Sciences Study on the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel, Renewable Fuel Standard: Potential Economic and Environmental Effects of U.S. Biofuel Policy. Professor was that the U.S. is unlikely to meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2022 for cellulosic biofuels. Wally
Ginzel, Matthew
Study of the impact of stochasticity on fish stock using a state space model
Study of the impact of stochasticity on fish stock using a state space model Thierry Duchesne and fish stock CRM, Oct. 19, 2007 1 / 23 #12;Summary Outline 1 Introduction 2 Equilibrium conditions 3 Stochastic Surplus Production Model 4 Estimation of the fish stock from data 5 Example: Georges Bank Haddock
Duchesne, Thierry
Using Reconstructed Dust Climatology to Study the Impacts of Martian Dust Storms on Dynamics
Using Reconstructed Dust Climatology to Study the Impacts of Martian Dust Storms on Dynamics firstname.lastname@example.com) Abstract We have reconstructed the climatology of the dust on Mars using available retrievals and estimates) a reconstruction of the dust optical depth climatology based on weighted gridding for Martian years 24
New DOE-Sponsored Study Helps Advance Scientific Understanding of Potential CO2 Storage Impacts
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
In another step forward toward improved scientific understanding of potential geologic carbon dioxide storage impacts, a new U.S. Department of Energy sponsored study has confirmed earlier research showing that proper site selection and monitoring is essential for helping anticipate and mitigate possible risks.
"Climate change is sure to occur in some form." The study of climate impacts notes
"Climate change is sure to occur in some form." 1 #12;The study of climate impacts notes how scientists generally agree that humans are changing the climate, and that if we continue pumping carbon we learn from past climate variations? How can we best adapt to climate change? This report attempts
Impacts of Alternative Residential Energy Standards - Rural Housing Amendments Study, Phase I. Executive summary
The results of a preliminary study on the impacts of several national energy conservation standards that apply to manufactured housing (mobile homes) and conventional site-built housing are presented. The housing market and how these standards affect the overall energy economics of these two housing types are briefly discussed. (BCS)
Balistocky, S.; Bohn, A.A.; Heidell, J.A.; Hendrickson, P.L.; Lee, A.D.; Pratt, R.G.; Taylor, Z.T.
Impacts of exotic forest pathogens on Mediterranean ecosystems: four case studies
, pollution, climate change and introduction of invasive species. Invasive tree pathogens are among planning assisted migration activities to enable plant species to cope with rapid climate change. KeywordsImpacts of exotic forest pathogens on Mediterranean ecosystems: four case studies Matteo Garbelotto
California at Berkeley, University of
Agricultural Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Yolo County (Preliminary) Study objective
Agricultural Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Yolo County (Preliminary) Study objective Document the history and projections of agriculturally relevant climate change in Yolo County and assess, and 90% of vegetable revenue is from processed tomatoes. Yolo agriculture has been moving toward more
Ferrara, Katherine W.
Impacts of alternative residential energy standards - Rural Housing Amendments Study, Phase 1
This report has examined the role of manufactured housing in the housing market, the energy impacts of three manufactured housing standards and three site-built standards in 13 cities, and the economic impacts of those standards in 6 cities. The three standards applied to manufactured housing are the HUD Title VI standard (Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards, or MHCSS), the Hud Title II-E standard, and the existing FmHA Title V standard. Those applied to site-built homes are the HUD Minimum Property Standards (MPS), the ASHRAE 90A-80 standard, and the FmHA Title V standard. Based on energy consumption alone, these analyses show that the FmHA Title V standard is the most stringent standard for both housing types (a single-section menufactured home and a single-story detached ''ranch house''). The HUD Title VI standard is the least stringent for manufactured homes, while the HUD Minimum Property Standards are the least stringent for site-built homes. Cost-effectiveness comparisons required by the Act were made for the two prototypical homes. Results of this preliminary economic analysis indicate that none of the site-built standards reflect minimum life-cycle cost as a basic criterion of their development. For manufactured homes, both the FmHA standard and the HUD Title II-E standard reduce life-cycle cost and effect positive first-year cash flows in all cities analyzed when electric resistance heating is assumed. When natural gas heating is used, both standards pass the life-cycle cost test in all cities, but the FmHA standard fails the cash flow test in all but one city. However, in the worst case, net monthly expenditures in the first year are increased by less than $9.
Direct dynamics study of energy transfer and collision-induced dissociation: Effects of impact energy, geometry, and reactant vibrational mode
in molecular ions,19 and also provides a convenient method to study the dynamics of collision transfer dynamics, and the effects of impact parameter and reactant vibrational excitation on CID. OneDirect dynamics study of energy transfer and collision-induced dissociation: Effects of impact
Anderson, Scott L.
A parametric study of shock jump chemistry, electron temperature, and radiative heat transfer models in hypersonic flows
A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF SHOCK JUMP CHEMISTRY, ELECTRON TEMPERATURE, AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS A Thesis by ROBERT BRIAN GREENDYKE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment... of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1988 Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF SHOCK JUMP CHEMISTRY, ELECTRON TEMPERATURE, AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS A Thesis by ROBERT BRIAN...
Greendyke, Robert Brian
Experimental and theoretical studies of the effects of nonuniformities in equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic flows
An experimental study of the effects of thermal and velocity nonuniformities is performed in an equilibrium plasma for a range of Hall coefficients. By introducing equally spaced cold blades in the radial flow of an electrodeless magnetohydrodynamic disk deivce, it is possible to create well-defined two-dimensional wake nonuniformities with strong variations of the plasma properties in the direction normal to the magnetic field and the flow. This type of nonuniformity and orientation theoretically provides the strongest reduction of Hall coefficient and effective conductivity for high values of the Hall coefficient. This degradation which reached more than 50% in some cases, is controlled by both the level of nonuniformities and the value of the ideal Hall coefficient. The former is dependent upon the number of blades (root mean square deviation of the conductivity), and the latter is dependent upon the values of the magnetic field intensities. The results provide basic quantitative information about the effects of conductivity and velocity nonuniformities on the performance of equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic generators over a wide range of Hall coefficients. The theoretical predictions are derived from a detailed two-dimensional electrodynamic analysis and a simplified engineering model based on a generalization of Rosa's layer model. These experiments validate the analytical studies and support the use of the theoretical layer nonuniform models in describing the effect of boundary layers on the performance of linear magnetohydrodynamic devices.
Rosenbaum, M.; Shamma, S.E.; Louis, J.F.
Application Study of the Pump Water Flow Station for Building Energy Consumption Monitoring and Control Optimization
. For example, the Venturi meter is commonly used for steam flow measurement, but it is less commonly used for water flow measurement because of the poor accuracy at low flow rates and high installation cost. 2) Displacement flow meter: The meter works... by using the fluid to rotate or displace a device inserted into the flow stream, e.g., a turbine flow meter, tangential paddlewheel meter, etc. It causes extra pressure drop. The bearing wears out and calibration is often needed to ensure accuracy...
Liu, G.; Liu, M.
Physical Impacts of Climate Change on the Western US Electricity System: A Scoping Study
This paper presents an exploratory study of the possible physical impacts of climate change on the electric power system, and how these impacts could be incorporated into resource planning in the Western United States. While many aspects of climate change and energy have been discussed in the literature, there has not yet been a systematic review of the relationship between specific physical effects and the quantitative analyses that are commonly used in planning studies. The core of the problem is to understand how the electric system is vulnerable to physical weather risk, and how to make use of information from climate models to characterize the way these risks may evolve over time, including a treatment of uncertainty. In this paper, to provide the necessary technical background in climate science, we present an overview of the basic physics of climate and explain some of the methodologies used in climate modeling studies, particularly the importance of emissions scenarios. We also provide a brief survey of recent climate-related studies relevant to electric system planning in the Western US. To define the institutional context, we discuss the core elements of the resource and reliability planning processes used currently by utilities and by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. To illustrate more precisely how climate-related risk could be incorporated into modeling exercises, we discuss three idealized examples. Overall, we argue that existing methods of analysis can and should be extended to encompass the uncertainties related to future climate. While the focus here is on risk related to physical impacts, the same principles apply to a consideration of how future climate change policy decisions might impact the design and functioning of the electric grid. We conclude with some suggestions and recommendations on how to begin developing this approach within the existing electric system planning framework for the West.
Coughlin, Katie; Goldman, Charles
The impact of water flow configuration on crystallisation in LiBr/H2O absorption water heater
Lithium Bromide (LiBr) strong solution entering the absorber tends to crystallise when the absorber temperature is increased for a fixed evaporating pressure. This is considered the key technical barrier for the development of a LiBr absorption heat pump water heater. There are several approaches to avoid the crystallisation problem, such as chemical crystallisation inhibitors, heat and mass transfer enhancement and thermodynamic cycle modification. This paper investigates and compares two flow configurations of LiBr absorption heat pump water heater to evaluate the allowable operating conditions for each. The simulation results indicated that introducing the process water through the absorber first results in lower absorber temperature and hence less tendency for crystallisation.
Wang, Kai [ORNL; Abdelaziz, Omar [ORNL; Vineyard, Edward Allan [ORNL
Theoretical and experimental studies of churn flow in vertical tubes. Final technical report
The pattern known as churn flow is a highly unsteady pattern with stochastic features and is extremely complex. However, calculations show that for many geothermal wells the condition of churn flow consists over much of the length of the two phase zone. Furthermore, it frequently exists at the surface so that design of separation equipment and surface piping depends on the accurate modelling of this type of flow. It has been the long term purpose of this project to develop physically based models for churn flow which can be used as a basis for predicting holdup, frictional loss and heat transfer rates for this flow pattern in geothermal systems. To achieve this end, it was necessary to develop new methods for measuring the time dependent characteristics of the flow and thus be able to uncover the basic physics of the flow. Models can then be developed based on this understanding which characterizes the flow and equations for holdup, friction and heat transfer evolved.
Studies on the development of mossy zinc electrodeposits from flowing alkaline electrolytes
The initiation and characteristics of mossy zinc electrodeposits have been investigated. Batteries with zinc electrodes are candidates for electric vehicle applications; however, this electrode is prone to form non-compact deposits that contribute to capacity loss and battery failure. Moss is deposited when the current density is far from the limiting current. This morphology first appears only after the bulk deposit is approximately 1 {mu}m thick. In this investigation, the effects of flow rate (Re=0--4000), current density (0--50 mA/cm{sup 2}), concentration of the electroactive species (0.25 and 0.5 M), and the concentration of supporting electrolyte (3, 6, and 12 M) on the initiation of moss were examined. The rotating concentric cylinder electrode was employed for most of the experiments; and a flow channel was used to study the development of morphology. After the experiment, the deposit was characterized using microscopic, x-ray diffraction, and profilometric techniques. 94 refs., 72 figs.
Mc Vay, L.
Studies of the analyte-carrier interface in flow injection analysis. Final report, June 1, 1987--January 31, 1992
Impact of ozone on indoor air quality: a preliminary field study M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F. Maupetit
indoor air quality (IAQ) since they produce secondary pollutants, mainly aldehydes which are known to document the impact on IAQ of outdoor ozone during summer air pollution episodes. For this purpose, a oneImpact of ozone on indoor air quality: a preliminary field study M. Nicolas, O. Ramalho, F
Study of Performance of Heat Pump Usage in Sewage Treatment and Fouling Impact on System
deteriorated performance of the compressor, and a decrease in EER and refrigerant mass flow rate....
Song, Y.; Yao, Y.; Ma, Z.; Na, W.
Use of Melt Flow Rate Test in Reliability Study of Thermoplastic Encapsulation Materials in Photovoltaic Modules
Use of thermoplastic materials as encapsulants in photovoltaic (PV) modules presents a potential concern in terms of high temperature creep, which should be evaluated before thermoplastics are qualified for use in the field. Historically, the issue of creep has been avoided by using thermosetting polymers as encapsulants, such as crosslinked ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA). Because they lack crosslinked networks, however, thermoplastics may be subject to phase transitions and visco-elastic flow at the temperatures and mechanical stresses encountered by modules in the field, creating the potential for a number of reliability and safety issues. Thermoplastic materials investigated in this study include PV-grade uncured-EVA (without curing agents and therefore not crosslinked); polyvinyl butyral (PVB); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); and three polyolefins (PO), which have been proposed for use as PV encapsulation. Two approaches were used to evaluate the performance of these materials as encapsulants: module-level testing and a material-level testing.
Moseley, J.; Miller, D.; Shah, Q.-U.-A. S. J.; Sakurai, K.; Kempe, M.; Tamizhmani, G.; Kurtz, S.
A Modeling Study of the Potential Water Quality Impacts from In-Stream Tidal Energy Extraction
To assess the effects of tidal energy extraction on water quality in a simplified estuarine system, which consists of a tidal bay connected to the coastal ocean through a narrow channel where energy is extracted using in-stream tidal turbines, a three-dimensional coastal ocean model with built-in tidal turbine and water quality modules was applied. The effects of tidal energy extraction on water quality were examined for two energy extraction scenarios as compared with the baseline condition. It was found, in general, that the environmental impacts associated with energy extraction depend highly on the amount of power extracted from the system. Model results indicate that, as a result of energy extraction from the channel, the competition between decreased flushing rates in the bay and increased vertical mixing in the channel directly affects water quality responses in the bay. The decreased flushing rates tend to cause a stronger but negative impact on water quality. On the other hand, the increase of vertical mixing could lead to higher bottom dissolved oxygen at times. As the first modeling effort directly aimed at examining the impacts of tidal energy extraction on estuarine water quality, this study demonstrates that numerical models can serve as a very useful tool for this purpose. However, more careful efforts are warranted to address system-specific environmental issues in real-world, complex estuarine systems.
Wang, Taiping; Yang, Zhaoqing; Copping, Andrea E.
Trade liberalisation and the impact of regional trade flows on the mark-ups in South African manufacturing industries.
??Since the mid-1990s South Africa has made considerable progress in opening up its trade regime.This study presents estimates of average mark-ups for the manufacturing industries� (more)
Van de Winkel, Tijl
Studying impact damage on carbon-fiber reinforced aircraft composite panels with sonicir
Composites are becoming more important materials in commercial aircraft structures such as the fuselage and wings with the new B787 Dreamliner from Boeing which has the target to utilize 50% by weight of composite materials. Carbon-fiber reinforced composites are the material of choice in aircraft structures. This is due to their light weight and high strength (high strength-to-weight ratio), high specific stiffness, tailorability of properties, design flexibility etc. Especially, by reducing the aircraft's body weight by using such lighter structures, the cost of fuel can be greatly reduced with the high jet fuel price for commercial airlines. However, these composites are prone to impact damage and the damage may occur without any observable sign on the surface, yet resulting in delaminations and disbonds that may occur well within the layers. We are studying the impact problem with carbon-fiber reinforced composite panels and developing SonicIR for this application as a fast and wide-area NDE technology. In this paper, we present our results in studying composite structures including carbon-fiber reinforced composite materials, and preliminary quantitative studies on delamination type defect depth identification in the panels.
Han Xiaoyan; Zhang Ding; He Qi; Song Yuyang; Lubowicki, Anthony [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 (United States); Zhao Xinyue; Newaz, Golam. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 (United States); Favro, Lawrence D.; Thomas, Robert L. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 (United States)
Flume studies of sediment transportation in shallow flow with simulated rainfall
force exerted on a particle by flowing water, which according to Newton, was equal to Trr V 2 where s is a shape factor (0. 79 for spheres), g is the specific weight s of the particle, r is its radius, and V is the critical bottom velocity. cr... water pipe flow . Turbulent flow can be visualized as being divided into sheets of fluid having one velocity. These sheets are traversed by eddies, and in this manner the flow tends to establish a condition of equilibrium by a mixing process...
Nail, Frank Mitchell
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. , NO. , PAGES 110, The Impact of Wettability Alteration on Two-Phase Flow
properties of a sedimentary rock and of their alteration. The simulator works with 3D disordered net- works with ordinary percolation on a dual net- work and compact cluster growth are used in secondary imbibition. Our study indicates that in imbibition, transport properties of a permeable solid are quite sensitive
Patzek, Tadeusz W.
A Phenomenological Study of High-Impact Practices: Exploring Learning Through Coupling Internships and Service-Learning
This study describes the experiences of college-age students (18�24 years) engaged in multiple high-impact practices simultaneously in an internship experience in Washington, DC, and in a service-learning experience. They reflected weekly...
Shehane, Melissa Renee'
Economic Impacts of Controlling Soil-Loss from Silviculture Activities: A Case STudy of Cherokee County, Texas
TR- 91 1978 Economic Impacts of Controlling Soil-Loss from Silviculture Activities: A Case Study of Cherokee County, Texas C.A. Hickman B.D. Jackson Texas Water Resources Institute Texas A...
Hickman, C.A.; Jackson, B.D.
A Study on Zoning Regulations' Impact on Thermal Comfort Conditions in Non-conditioned Apartment Buildings in Dhaka City
zoning schemes seemed essential for this study. To analyze the four zoning regulation schemes' impact on thermal comfort in apartment buildings, four sets of built environment were created in EnergyPlus (Energy Simulation software) as well as in Fluent...
Islam, Saiful
Effectiveness and Impacts of Ecological Fiscal Transfers and Payments for Environmental Services: A Case Study of Shengnongjia National Nature Reserve�
.e. Ecological Fiscal Transfers (EFT) and Payments for Environmental Services (PES), in achieving conservation effectiveness and their economic and social impacts, through a case study on the Shengnongjia National Nature Reserve in China. It is found...
Li, Mingmei
The impact of parental involvement: a study of the relationship between homework and kindergarten Texas Primary Reading Inventory scores
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of School Home Links activity guide homework on kindergarten Texas Primary Reading Inventory scores. Student Texas Primary Reading Inventory (TPRI) scores were obtained and analyzed for gains...
Davis, Jill Marie
Figliozzi, Wheeler, Albright, Walker, Sarkar, and Rice 1 Algorithms to Study the Impacts of Travel Time Reliability along Multi-
Figliozzi, Wheeler, Albright, Walker, Sarkar, and Rice 1 Algorithms to Study the Impacts and Regional Planning Portland State University Shreemoyee Sarkar Computer Science Portland State University, Sarkar, and Rice 2 Abstract Performance measures allow planners and engineers to monitor
A study of the effect of surfactants on the flow of water and oil in small capillaries
f. f S ftAR + ldM pp(t E~& Pf IEX~g A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE FLOW OF WATER AND OIL IN SMALL CAPILLARIES ay ) WILLIAM Rx~ LANCASTER Subxnitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas bx... partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE hhjxjgxxjg 1$5g jjjBbj t:pt*1 ~Ejjeerla A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON THE FLOW OF WATER AND OIL IN SMALL CAPILLARIES A Thesis WILLIAM R. LANCASTER Approved...
Lancaster, William Richard
Design and Development of a Test Facility to Study Two-Phase Steam/Water Flow in Porous Media
The concept of relative permeability is the key concept in extending Darcy's law for single phase flow through porous media to the two-phase flow regime. Relative permeability functions are needed for simulation studies of two-phase geothermal reservoirs. These are poorly known inspite of considerable theoretical and experimental investigations during the last decade. Since no conclusive results exist, many investigators use ad hoc parametrization, or adopt results obtined from flow of oil and gas (Corey, 1954). It has been shown by Reda and Eaton (1980) that this can lead to serious deficiencies. Sensitivity of the relative permeability curves for prediction of mass flow rate and flowing enthalpy into geothermal wells has been studied by many investigators (e.g. Eaton and Reda (1980), Bodvarsson et al (1980), Sun and Ershagi (1979) etc.). It can be concluded from these studies that the beehavior of a two-phase steam/water reservoir depends greatly on the relative permeability curves used. Hence, there exists a need for obtaining reliable relative permeability functions.
Verma, Ashok K.; Pruess, Karsten; Bodvarsson, G.S.; Tsang, C.F.; Witherspoon, Paul A.
Experimental study of the MHD flow in a prototypic inlet manifold section of the DCLL blanket
. The MHD flow patterns and their associated transport properties that result from the interaction between Lithium (DCLL) blanket concept. A series of experiments is carried out in order to understand stacked in the direction the magnetic field lines. For values of the interaction parameter , the flow
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS Vol. 45 (2009), No. 2, pp. 233238 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MHD FLOWS IN A
distribution and collection manifold relevant to the Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL) blanket concept. A series lines. First flow rate data show that for a relatively high interaction parameter (N > 90), a uniform that are established. The magnetohydrodynamic flow patterns and their associated transport properties that result from
Feasibility Study of Developing a Virtual Chilled Water Flow Meter at Air Handling Unit Level
In this paper, a virtual Air handling unit (AHU) level water flow meter is explored by using a control valve as a measurement device. The flow through the valve is indirectly calculated using differential pressure over both the valve and its...
Song, L.; Swamy, A.; Shim, G.
Journal of Fluids and Structures 24 (2008) 250269 Numerical and experimental study of expiratory flow
, the pharynx, the mouth and the larynx (Fig. 1), is the most external part of the respiratory system. Modelling deformations has been chosen to compute the mechanical behaviour of the tongue. The main features of the flow and Depollier, 1995; Huang, 1995; Balint and Lucey, 2005), numerical simulations of the respiratory fluid flow
Van Hirtum, Annemie
A study on the flow of molten iron in the hearth of blast furnace
The flow of molten iron in the hearth of blast furnace was investigated by using a water model test and a numerical simulation. The water model apparatus was set up in order to evaluate the effects of coke size, coke bed structure, drain rate, and coke free space on the fluidity of molten iron through measurement of residence time and visualization of flow pattern. In addition, the flow was calculated by solving momentum equation in porous media using finite element method. The residence time increased with the coke size decrease, but decreased with the drain rate increase. If small coke was placed in the center of deadman, peripheral flow was enhanced. The flow path was changed due to the coke free space.
Suh, Y.K.; Lee, Y.J.; Baik, C.Y. [Pohang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. (Korea, Republic of). Technical Research Labs.
no clear trend in wind potential More precipitation falls aspotential impacts on wind power potential and on hydropower
Coughlin, Katie
An experimental and numerical study of surface tension-driven melt flow R.A. Parsons a,, F. Nimmo a
An experimental and numerical study of surface tension-driven melt flow R.A. Parsons a,, F. Nimmo 2007 Abstract To determine the role of surface tension-driven melt migration in planetary bodies, we, surface tension causes the melt to relax back to a homogeneous distribution. Samples composed of 76 vol
Nimmo, Francis
P~!ETRIC STUDY OF HEAT FLOW DURING RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING Euiwhan Kim and Thomas W. Eagar
i ...) P~!ETRIC STUDY OF HEAT FLOW DURING RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING Euiwhan Kim and Thomas W. Eagar case of resistance welding to see the effects of each parameter on the lobe shape. The parameters include material proper- ties, geometry of electrodes and work piece, weld time and current
Eagar, Thomas W.
Electrochemical study of multi-electrode microbial fuel cells under fed-batch and continuous flow conditions
Electrochemical study of multi-electrode microbial fuel cells under fed-batch and continuous flow November 2013 Available online 18 December 2013 Keywords: Multi-electrode Microbial fuel cells Hydraulic connected microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was compared with the reactors operated using individual electrical
The influence of fluid flow through granitic crust: a thermo-tectonic study in and on Mont Blanc
The influence of fluid flow through granitic crust: a thermo-tectonic study in and on Mont Blanc Tim Dempster, Cristina Persano and Zoe Shipton *firstname.lastname@example.com Granitic and gneissose within a evolving mountain zone, the metasomatic influence of fluids in granite gneiss and the resulting
Glasgow, University of
Magnetic fabrics and fluid flow directions in hydrothermal systems. A case study in the Chaillac BaFFe deposits
of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to describe the mineralizing process in hydrothermal systems. BaMagnetic fabrics and fluid flow directions in hydrothermal systems. A case study in the Chaillac Ba hydrothermal textures and tectonic structures have been described in veins, sinters, and sandstone cemented
Experimental study of turbulent supercritical open channel water flow as applied to the CLiFF concept
; Liquid wall; Low conductivity fluid; Turbulence; Surface waves; Heat transfer 1. Introduction In fusion not experience strong MHD forces and to a large extent remain turbulent, but their heat transfer capabilitiesExperimental study of turbulent supercritical open channel water flow as applied to the CLi
Water management studies in PEM fuel cells, Part II: Ex situ investigation of flow maldistribution, pressure drop
by externally humidified air and hydrogen gas streams, must be present within the fuel cell to maintain 4 5 6 #12;a fuel cell blocks gas transport pathways in the catalyst layers, gas diffusion layersWater management studies in PEM fuel cells, Part II: Ex situ investigation of flow maldistribution
Kandlikar, Satish
Computational study of subcritical response in flow past a circular cylinder C. D. Cantwell* and D. Barkley
Computational study of subcritical response in flow past a circular cylinder C. D. Cantwell* and D is investigated in the subcritical regime, below the onset of Bénard-von Kármán vortex shedding at Reynolds number as Re=2.2. Throughout much of the subcritical regime the maximum energy amplification increases
Barkley, Dwight
An experimental and computational study of transonic three-dimensional flow in a turbine cascade
Detailed experimental measurements of the flow in a cascade of turbine rotor blades with a nonplanar end wall are reported. The cascade geometry was chosen to model as closely as possible that of a H.P. gas turbine rotor blade. The blade section is designed for supersonic flow with an exit Mach number of 1.15 and the experiments covered a range of exit Mach numbers from 0.7-1.2. Significant three-dimensional effects were observed and the origin of these is discussed. The measurements are compared with data for the same blade section in a two-dimensional cascade and also with the predictions of two different fully three-dimensional inviscid flow calculation methods. It is found that both these calculations predict the major threedimensional effects on the flow correctly.
Camus, J.J.; Denton, J.D.; Scrivener, C.T.J.; Soulis, J.V.
Studies of Turbulence in Shallow Sediment Laden Flow With Superimposed Rainfall
turbulent medium, a partial differential equation was developed as a mathematical model which describes the change in sediment concentration with time and space for two dimensional open channel flow with isotropic turbulence. The input parameters...
Barfield, B. J.
Stability study of a constant-volume thin film flow J. M. Gomba,* J. Diez,
, there is an increas- ing interest in understanding flows in microscopic devices designed to propel and mix small volumes of liquids. Micro- metric ducts, pumps, turbines, and valves are all examples of such small
Kondic, Lou
Original article Flow and passage rate studies at the ileal level in the
based mainly on lucerne meal. Flow and transit measurements were carried out using two particulate markers : ytterbium (Yb) fixed on lucerne meal cell-walls by soaking, and chromium (Cr) fixed
Wavelet analysis study of microbubble drag reduction in a boundary channel flow
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and pressure measurement techniques were performed to investigate the drag reduction due to microbubble injection in the boundary layer of a fully developed turbulent channel flow. Two-dimensional full-field velocity...
Zhen, Ling
Fluid Heat Storage Systems in the Ground. Extraction ofof the storage aquifer lies 40 m below the ground surface,water storage. The influence of regional ground water flow
Doughty, Christine
Model and laboratory study of dispersion in flows with submerged vegetation
Vegetation is ubiquitous in rivers, estuaries, and wetlands, strongly influencing water conveyance and mass transport. The plant canopy affects mean and turbulent flow structure, and thus both advection and dispersion. ...
Murphy, E.
Numerical study of flow and heat transfer in 3D serpentine channels using colocated grids
and average Nusselt number. The numerical code developed was validated by solving for fully developed flow and heat transfer in a square straight channel. Grid-independent solution was established for a reference case of serpentine channel with the highest...
Chintada, Sailesh Raju
Numerical, field and laboratory studies of three-dimensional flow structures at river channel confluences
' secondary circulation and transient turbulent eddies may not be as clear as often implied. 2. Examination of bed shear stress predictions indicate some implications of particular flow patterns for sediment transport and morphological change. For example...
Bradbrook, Kathryn Frances
Analytical and experimental studies of plant-flow interaction at multiple scales
Across scales ranging from individual blades to river reaches, the interaction between water flow and vegetation has important ecological and engineering implications. At the reach-scale, vegetation is often the largest ...
Luhar, Mitul
Experimental and Analytic Study on the Core Bypass Flow in a Very High Temperature Reactor
Core bypass flow has been one of key issues in the very high temperature reactor (VHTR) design for securing core thermal margins and achieving target temperatures at the core exit. The bypass flow in a prismatic VHTR core occurs through the control element holes and the radial and axial gaps between the graphite blocks for manufacturing and refueling tolerances. These gaps vary with the core life cycles because of the irradiation swelling/shrinkage characteristic of the graphite blocks such as fuel and reflector blocks, which are main components of a core's structure. Thus, the core bypass flow occurs in a complicated multidimensional way. The accurate prediction of this bypass flow and counter-measures to minimize it are thus of major importance in assuring core thermal margins and securing higher core efficiency. Even with this importance, there has not been much effort in quantifying and accurately modeling the effect of the core bypass flow. The main objectives of this project were to generate experimental data for validating the software to be used to calculate the bypass flow in a prismatic VHTR core, validate thermofluid analysis tools and their model improvements, and identify and assess measures for reducing the bypass flow. To achieve these objectives, tasks were defined to (1) design and construct experiments to generate validation data for software analysis tools, (2) determine the experimental conditions and define the measurement requirements and techniques, (3) generate and analyze the experimental data, (4) validate and improve the thermofluid analysis tools, and (5) identify measures to control the bypass flow and assess its performance in the experiment.
Laser velocimetry study of the flow field in a centrifugal pump with a shrouded impeller
was measured using taps located at the flanges. Flow straighteners were placed twelve diameters upstream and five diameters downstream of the orifice plate. The accuracy of the orifice meter was verified by comparison with measurements of the flow rate made... L2F MCA N N, N, NOMENCLATURE Cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe Area of orifice Best efficiency point Coefficient of discharge for orifice meter Constant fraction discriminator in the L2F processor Beam diameter at probe volume...
Moran, Michael Kevin
on high-elevation hydropower generation in California�sCO2 [58] Solar Irradiance Hydropower Hadley et al. Franco &summer flows decrease hydropower production in summer and
Small scale laboratory studies of flow and transport phenomena in pores and fractures: Phase 2. Technical completion report
Pore level laboratory experiments using microscopy permit the in situ visualization of flow and transport phenomena, that can be recorded on film or videotape. One of the principal tools for visualization is the etched glass micromodel, which is composed of a transparent two dimensional network of three dimensional pores. The spatial scale of interest in these models extends from the individual pore, up to a network of pores, perhaps with small scale heterogeneities. Micromodels are best used to help validate concepts and assumptions, and to elucidate new, previously unrecognized phenomena for further study. They are not quantitative tools, but should be used in combination with quantitative tools such as column studies or mathematical models. There are three applications: multi-phase flow, colloid transport, and bacterial transport and colonization. Specifically the authors have examined behavior of relevance to liquid-liquid mass transfer (solubilization of capillary trapped organic liquids); liquid-gas mass transfer (in situ volatilization); mathematical models of multi-phase pressure-saturation relationships; colloid movement, attachment and detachment in the presence of fluid-fluid interfaces, clay interference with multi-phase flow; and heterogeneity effects on multi-phase flow and colloid movement.
Wilson, J.L.
Impacts on Regional Resource Assessment and Support for WGAtime frame, the Long Term Resource Assessment, and seasonalDevelopment Seasonal Resource Assessment Planning Area
5, 14071439, 2008 Impacts of climate
HESSD 5, 14071439, 2008 Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows M. E. Elshamy et al. Title Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows using bias-corrected GCM scenarios M. E. Elshamy 1,2 , I. A of the European Geosciences Union. 1407 #12;HESSD 5, 14071439, 2008 Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows
An experimental study of flow boiling characteristics of carbon dioxide in multiport mini channels
& Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China d Aluminum Technology Center, Showa Denko K.K. Oyama of CO2 flowing in a multi-port extruded aluminum test section, which had 10 circular channels, each. The promising applications of CO2 refrigeration systems include automotive air conditioning, heat pumps
Zhao, Tianshou
Analytical and Experimental Study of Annular Two-Phase Flow Friction Pressure Drop Under Microgravity
to design reliable two-phase systems. The main objective of this present research is to develop a new mathematical model that can accurately predict the annular two-phase friction pressure drop to optimize the design of two-phase systems. The two-phase flow...
Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh
An experimental study of the correlation between wear and entropy flow in machinery components
, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1063 Received 19 October 1999; accepted for publication 6 June 2000 and the production of entropy flow. � 2000 American Institute of Physics. S0021-8979 00 09417-2 I. INTRODUCTION. Entropy can predict the direction and reaction rate of chemical processes, heat and energy transfer
Bryant, Michael D.
Bonneville Second Powerhouse Tailrace and High Flow Outfall: ADCP and drogue release field study
The Bonneville Project is one of four US Army Corps of Engineers operated dams along the Lower Columbia River. Each year thousands of smelt pass through this Project on their way to the Pacific Ocean. High flow outfalls, if specifically designed for fish passage, are thought to have as good or better smelt survival rates as spillways. To better understand the hydrodynamic flow field around an operating outfall, the Corps of Engineers commissioned measurement of water velocities in the tailrace of the Second Powerhouse. These data also are necessary for proper calibration and verification of three-dimensional numerical models currently under development at PNNL. Hydrodynamic characterization of the tailrace with and without the outfall operating was accomplished through use of a surface drogue and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Both the ADCP and drogue were linked to a GPS (global positioning system); locating the data in both space and time. Measurements focused on the area nearest to the high flow outfall, however several ADCP transects and drogue releases were performed away from the outfall to document ambient flow field conditions when the outfall was not operating.
Cook, Christopher B.; Richmond, Marshall C.; Guensch, Gregory R.
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics for a New Type of Air Heater
. It is found that the integrated characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction increase with the hole's diameter at the same hole density (which is equal to the ratio of the hole's total area to the baffle's area), and the heat transfer rate increases...
Zheng, H.; Fan, X.; Li, A.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential impacts of the Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) streams - particularly the addition of Monosodium Titanate (MST) and Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) - on the melt rate of simulated feed for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Additional MST was added to account for contributions from the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF). The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) was used to evaluate four melter feed compositions: two with simulated SCIX and SWPF material and two without. The Slurry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) was then used to compare two different feeds: one with and one without bounding concentrations of simulated SCIX and SWPF material. Analyses of the melter feed materials confirmed that they met their targeted compositions. Four feeds were tested in triplicate in the MRF. The linear melt rates were determined by using X-ray computed tomography to measure the height of the glass formed along the bottom of the beakers. The addition of the SCIX and SWPF material reduced the average measured melt rate by about 10% in MRF testing, although there was significant scatter in the data. Two feeds were tested in the SMRF. It was noted that the ground CST alone (ground CST with liquid in a bucket) was extremely difficult to resuspend during preparation of the feed with material from SCIX and SWPF. This feed was also more difficult to pump than the material without MST and CST due to settling occurring in the melter feed line, although the yield stress of both feeds was high relative to the DWPF design basis. Steady state feeding conditions were maintained for about five hours for each feed. There was a reduction in the feed and pour rates of approximately 15% when CST and MST were added to the feed, although there was significant scatter in the data. Analysis of samples collected from the SMRF pour stream showed that the composition of the glass changed as expected when MST and CST were added to the feed. These reductions in melt rate are consistent with previous studies that showed a negative impact of increased TiO{sub 2} concentrations on the rate of melting. The impact of agitating the melt pool via bubbling was not studied as part of this work, but may be of interest for further testing. It is recommended that additional melt rate testing be performed should a potential reduction in melt rate of 10-15% be considered an issue of concern, or should the anticipated composition of the glass with the addition of material from salt waste processing be modified significantly from the current projections, either due to changes in sludge batch preparation or changes in the composition or volume of SCIX and SWPF material.
Fox, K.; Miller, D.; Koopman, D.
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Analysis How to Link Physical Climate Data and Economic Studies
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Analysis How to Link Physical Climate Data and Economic There are a number of structural and conceptual differences between the information provided by climate change models of economic concepts applied to climate change impact and adaptation policy assessment, and to illustrate how
Validation and Calibration of Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics Multiscale Multiphysics Models - Subcooled Flow Boiling Study
In addition to validation data plan, development of advanced techniques for calibration and validation of complex multiscale, multiphysics nuclear reactor simulation codes are a main objective of the CASL VUQ plan. Advanced modeling of LWR systems normally involves a range of physico-chemical models describing multiple interacting phenomena, such as thermal hydraulics, reactor physics, coolant chemistry, etc., which occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. To a large extent, the accuracy of (and uncertainty in) overall model predictions is determined by the correctness of various sub-models, which are not conservation-laws based, but empirically derived from measurement data. Such sub-models normally require extensive calibration before the models can be applied to analysis of real reactor problems. This work demonstrates a case study of calibration of a common model of subcooled flow boiling, which is an important multiscale, multiphysics phenomenon in LWR thermal hydraulics. The calibration process is based on a new strategy of model-data integration, in which, all sub-models are simultaneously analyzed and calibrated using multiple sets of data of different types. Specifically, both data on large-scale distributions of void fraction and fluid temperature and data on small-scale physics of wall evaporation were simultaneously used in this work�s calibration. In a departure from traditional (or common-sense) practice of tuning/calibrating complex models, a modern calibration technique based on statistical modeling and Bayesian inference was employed, which allowed simultaneous calibration of multiple sub-models (and related parameters) using different datasets. Quality of data (relevancy, scalability, and uncertainty) could be taken into consideration in the calibration process. This work presents a step forward in the development and realization of the �CIPS Validation Data Plan� at the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs to enable quantitative assessment of the CASL modeling of Crud-Induced Power Shift (CIPS) phenomenon, in particular, and the CASL advanced predictive capabilities, in general. This report is prepared for the Department of Energy�s Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs program�s VUQ Focus Area.
Anh Bui; Nam Dinh; Brian Williams
A study of the flow of air through cottonseed storage units
" house, the falling seed hit and then rolled or slid into place. In loading the laboratory silo, the seed tended to stay where they hit. A rolling or sliding action would allo~ the seed to recover from packing due to the initial impact. The length...
Harris, William Birch
Computational Hydrocode Study of Target Damage due to Fragment-Blast Impact
A target's terminal ballistic effects involving explosively generated fragments, along with the original blast, are of critical importance for many different security and safety related applications. Personnel safety and protective building design are but a few of the practical disciplines that can gain from improved understanding combined loading effects. Traditionally, any engineering level analysis or design effort involving explosions would divide the target damage analysis into two correspondingly critical areas: blast wave and fragment related impact effects. The hypothesis of this paper lies in the supposition that a linear combination of a blast-fragment loading, coupled with an accurate target response description, can lead to a non-linear target damage effect. This non-linear target response could then stand as the basis of defining what a synergistic or combined frag-blast loading might actually look like. The table below, taken from Walters, et. al. categorizes some of the critical parameters driving any combined target damage effect and drives the evaluation of results. Based on table 1 it becomes clear that any combined frag-blast analysis would need to account for the target response matching similar ranges for the mechanics described above. Of interest are the critical times upon which a blast event or fragment impact loading occurs relative to the target's modal response. A blast, for the purposes of this paper is defined as the sudden release of chemical energy from a given material (henceforth referred to as an energetic material) onto its surrounding medium. During the coupling mechanism a discrete or discontinuous shockwave is generated. This shockwave travels outward from the source transferring energy and momentum to any surrounding objects including personnel and engineering structures. From an engineering perspective blast effects are typically characterized by way of physical characteristics such as Peak Pressure (PP), Time of Arrival (TOA), Pressure-Impulse (PI) and Time of Duration (TD). Other peculiarities include the radial decrease in pressure from the source, any fireball size measurement, and subsequent increase in temperature from the passing of the shockwave through the surrounding medium. In light of all of these metrics, the loading any object receives from a blast event becomes intricately connected to the distance between itself and the source. Because of this, a clear distinction is made between close-in effects and those from a source far away from the object of interest. Explosively generated fragments on the other hand are characterized by means of their localized damage potential. Metrics such as whether the fragment penetrates or perforates a given object is quantified as well as other variables including fragment's residual velocity, % kinetic energy decrease, residual fragment mass and other exit criteria. A fragment launched under such violent conditions could easily be traveling at speeds in excess of 2500 ft/s. Given these speeds it is conceivable to imagine how any given fragment could deliver a concentrated load to a target and penetrates through walls, vehicles or even the protection systems of nearby personnel. This study will focus on the individual fragment-target impact event with the hopes of expanding it to eventually include statistical procedures. Since this is a modeling excursion into the combined frag-blast target damage effects the numerical methods used to frame this problem become important in-so-far as the simulations are done in a consistent manner. For this study a Finite-Element based Hydrocode solution called ALE3D (ALE=Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) was utilized. ALE3D is developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Livermore, CA), and as this paper will show, successfully implemented a converged ALE formulation including as many of the different aspects needed to query the synergistic damage on a given target. Further information on the modeling setup is included.
Hatch-Aguilar, T; Najjar, F; Szymanski, E
This report summarizes the results of both experimental and modeling studies performed using Sludge Batch 10 (SB10) simulants and FBSR product from Tank 48 simulant testing in order to develop higher levels of coal-carbon that can be managed by DWPF. Once the Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) process starts up for treatment of Tank 48 legacy waste, the FBSR product stream will contribute higher levels of coal-carbon in the sludge batch for processing at DWPF. Coal-carbon is added into the FBSR process as a reductant and some of it will be present in the FBSR product as unreacted coal. The FBSR product will be slurried in water, transferred to Tank Farm and will be combined with sludge and washed to produce the sludge batch that DWPF will process. The FBSR product is high in both water soluble sodium carbonate and unreacted coal-carbon. Most of the sodium carbonate is removed during washing but all of the coal-carbon will remain and become part of the DWPF sludge batch. A paper study was performed earlier to assess the impact of FBSR coal-carbon on the DWPF Chemical Processing Cell (CPC) operation and melter off-gas flammability by combining it with SB10-SB13. The results of the paper study are documented in Ref. 7 and the key findings included that SB10 would be the most difficult batch to process with the FBSR coal present and up to 5,000 mg/kg of coal-carbon could be fed to the melter without exceeding the off-gas flammability safety basis limits. In the present study, a bench-scale demonstration of the DWPF CPC processing was performed using SB10 simulants spiked with varying amounts of coal, and the resulting seven CPC products were fed to the DWPF melter cold cap and off-gas dynamics models to determine the maximum coal that can be processed through the melter without exceeding the off-gas flammability safety basis limits. Based on the results of these experimental and modeling studies, the presence of coal-carbon in the sludge feed to DWPF is found to have both positive (+) and negative (-) impact as summarized below: (-) Coal-carbon is a melter reductant. If excess coal-carbon is present, the resulting melter feed may be too reducing, potentially shortening the melter life. During this study, the Reduction/Oxidation Potential (REDOX) of the melter could be controlled by varying the ratio of nitric and formic acid. (-) The addition of coal-carbon increases the amount of nitric acid added and decreases the amount of formic acid added to control melter REDOX. This means that the CPC with the FBSR product is much more oxidizing than current CPC processing. In this study, adequate formic acid was present in all experiments to reduce mercury and manganese, two of the main goals of CPC processing. (-) Coal-carbon will be oxidized to carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide in the melter. The addition of coal-carbon to the FBSR product will lead to approximately 55% higher offgas production from formate, nitrate and carbon due to the decomposition of the carbon at the maximum levels in this testing. Higher offgas production could lead to higher cold cap coverage or melter foaming which could decrease melt rate. No testing was performed to evaluate the impact of the higher melter offgas flow. (+) The hydrogen production is greatly reduced in testing with coal as less formic acid is added in CPC processing. In the high acid run without coal, the peak hydrogen generation was 15 times higher than in the high acid run with added coal-carbon. (+) Coal-carbon is a less problematic reducing agent than formic acid, since the content of both carbon and hydrogen are important in evaluating the flammability of the melter offgas. Processing with coal-carbon decreases the amount of formic acid added in the CPC, leading to a lower flammability risk in processing with coal-carbon compared to the current DWPF flowsheet. (+) The seven SB10 formulations which were tested during the bench-scale CPC demonstration were all determined to be within the off-gas flammability safety basis limits during the 9X/5X off-gas surge for normal bubbled melter
Lambert, D.; Choi, A.
Cooling Flows or Heating Flows?
It is now clear that AGN heat cooling flows, largely by driving winds. The winds may contain a relativistic component that generates powerful synchrotron radiation, but it is not clear that all winds do so. The spatial and temporal stability of the AGN/cooling flow interaction are discussed. Collimation of the winds probably provides spatial stability. Temporal stability may be possible only for black holes with masses above a critical value. Both the failure of cooling flows to have adiabatic cores and the existence of X-ray cavities confirm the importance of collimated outflows. I quantify the scale of the convective flow that the AGN Hydra would need to drive if it balanced radiative inward flow by outward flow parallel to the jets. At least in Virgo any such flow must be confined to r<~20 kpc. Hydrodynamical simulations suggest that AGN outbursts cannot last longer than ~25 Myr. Data for four clusters with well studied X-ray cavities suggests that heating associated with cavity formation approximately balances radiative cooling. The role of cosmic infall and the mechanism of filament formation are briefly touched on.
James Binney
Study of liquid retention in fixed-bed reactors with upward flow of gas and liquid
A literature survey of the measurement techniques for the determination of liquid retention in cocurrent upward gas and liquid flow in fixed-bed reactors is presented. A number of these techniques were used in this work in columns of different diameters (Dc = 0.05 m, 0.10 m, and 0.15 m). Porous alumina particles of two different diameters (dp = 0.002 m and 0.0028 m) with both nonfoaming (water, cyclohexane, heptane, and propanol) and foaming liquids (kerosene, LCO, and diesel fuel) have been investigated. The gas used was either air or N[sub 2]. The methods investigated include volumetry, gravimetry, gammametry, and determination of residence-time distribution by tracer technique. A simple correlation for the prediction of total gas and liquid retention for bubble and pulsed flow is proposed and verified.
Yang, X.L.; Euzen, J.P. (Inst. Francais du Petrole, Vernaison (France)); Wild, G. (Lab. des Sciences du Genie Chimique, Nancy (France))
The decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane: Studies in a high-temperature flow reactor
Experimental measurements of the decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), a common silicon carbide precursor, in a high-temperature flow reactor are presented. The results indicate that methane and hydrogen chloride are major products of the decomposition. No chlorinated silane products were observed. Hydrogen carrier gas was found to increase the rate of MTS decomposition. The observations suggest a radical-chain mechanism for the decomposition. The implications for silicon carbide chemical vapor deposition are discussed.
Allendorf, M.D.; Osterheld, T.H.; Melius, C.F.
A study of exhaust plume interactions with external flow by the hydraulic analogy
Research Office, United States Army, Grant No. DA-ERO-78-G-028, The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden, November, 1984 Nyberg, S. E. , and Agrell, J. , "Effects of Control Fins and Angle of Attack on Plume Afterbody Flow... Simulations, " Final Technical Report, European Research Office, United States Army, Contract No. DAJA-81-C-1213, The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden, November, 1984. Page, R. H. , "A Theory for Incipient Separation, " Qftg[t80]g...
Lawton, Stephen Hayes
A model study of the impact of magnetic field structure on atmospheric composition during solar proton events
A model study of the impact of magnetic field structure on atmospheric composition during solar is possible into regions that are at the moment effectively shielded by the Earth's magnetic field. A two (process, timescale, magnetostratigraphy); 1650 Global Change: Solar variability; 2716 Magnetospheric
Steinhoff, Heinz-Jürgen
Economic and Environmental Optimization of Vehicle Fleets: A Case Study of the Impacts of Policy, Market, Utilization, and
Economic and Environmental Optimization of Vehicle Fleets: A Case Study of the Impacts of Policy of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Jesse A. Boudart Graduate Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Wei Feng PhD Student Department
The Impact Snow Has on Solar Energy Production: A case study of the Morley photovoltaic array and the necessity for
Williams 1 The Impact Snow Has on Solar Energy Production: A case study of the Morley photovoltaic Williams 5/19/09 GEOS 206 Final Project Paper #12;Williams 2 Introduction Solar energy has long seemed one , solar cells were barely capable of converting energy at 1% efficiency (NREL). Needless to say
Aalberts, Daniel P.
Impact of Hemodialysis on Lipid Profile among Chronic Renal Failure Patients- A Case Control Study
Abstract- Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients are at risk of cardiovascular diseases due to the elevation of various forms of lipids. Many a time CRF patients live on hemodialysis on regular basis. Present study was done to know whether hemodialysis has any impact on the lipid profile of the CRF patients. Study were divided into 3 groups, Group-I: healthy controls (30), Group-II: CRF patients who never undergone hemodialysis (30) and Group-III: CRF patients on hemodialysis for more than 6 months (30). We obtained serum samples from patients in the morning after an overnight fast and were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, LDL and VLDL. Among the various parameters tested triglyceride and VLDL levels were significantly higher in group-II and III as compared to controls (p?0.01). HDL levels were significantly lower in group-II and III as compared to control (p?0.05). HDL level was found reduced in group-III as compared to Group-II (p?0.01). There was no significant change (p>0.05) observed in total cholesterol and LDL levels in between healthy controls and CRF patients with & without hemodialysis. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between lipid profile in male and female patients in control group and in CRF patients with and without hemodialysis. It is concluded that both male and female patients of CRF with and without hemodialysis have characteristic dyslipidemias without any discrimination of sex and it is not attenuated by the hemodialysis process. Index Terms- Chronic renal failure, hemodialysis, lipid profile, cardiovascular diseases D
unknown authors
Numerical Study of Convective Heat Transfer in Flat Tube Heat Exchangers Operating in Self-Sustained Oscillatory Flow Regimes
Laminar, two-dimensional, constant-property numerical simulations of flat tube heat exchanger devices operating in flow regimes in which self-sustained oscillations occur were performed. The unsteady flow regimes were transition flow regimes...
Fullerton, Tracy
shortages caused by lack of cooling water and excessiveconstraints due to lack of cooling water Physical Impacts ofgeneration due to a lack of cooling water). It would thus be
A Case Study of Color-Blindness: The Racially Disparate Impacts of Arizona's
and the Failure of Comprehensive Immigration Reform Kevin R. Johnson* Introduction .............................................................................................334 B. The Rise, Fall, Rise, and Fall of Comprehensive Immigration Reform:313 II. The Racially Disparate Impacts of the Failure of Comprehensive Immigration Reform
Rose, Michael R.
An experimental study of the impact of location on the effectiveness of recruitment clusters for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers at the Savannah River Site.
An experimental study of the impact of location on the effectiveness of recruitment clusters for Red-Cockaded Woodpeckers at the Savannah River Site.
Walters, Jeffrey, R.; Johnston, Peter, A.; Crowder, Larry, B.; Priddy, Jeffrey, A.
A method for studying the rapidity fluctuation and decorrelation of harmonic flow in heavy-ion collisions
An "event-shape twist" technique is proposed to study the longitudinal dynamics of harmonic flow, in particular the effects of rapidity fluctuation and event-plane decorrelation. This technique can distinguish between two types of rapidity decorrelation effects: a systematic rotation versus a random fluctuation of flow angles along the rapidity direction. The technique is demonstrated and the magnitude of the two decorrelation effects is predicted using the AMPT model via a single particle analysis and two-particle correlation analysis. An observed decorrelation can be attributed to a systematic rotation of event-plane angle along the pseudorapidity, consistent with a collective response to an initial state twist of the fireball proposed by Bozek {\\it et.al.}. This rotation is also observed for several higher-order harmonics with the same sign and similar magnitudes.
Jiangyong Jia; Peng Huo
Pollution Attacks and Defenses in Wireless Inter-flow Network Coding Systems
1 Pollution Attacks and Defenses in Wireless Inter-flow Network Coding Systems Jing Dong, Reza Abstract--We study data pollution attacks in wireless inter-flow network coding systems. Although several the existing systems, and use it to analyze the impact of pollution attacks. Our analysis shows
Curtmola, Reza
Experimental study of gravitation effects and similar behavior in the flow of a particle-laden thin film on an inclined plane
Experimental study of gravitation effects and similar behavior in the flow of a particle-laden thin. The slurry is a non-neutrally buoyant mixture of silicone oil and either solid glass beads or glass bubbles the problem of a fixed volume of homogeneous Newtonian fluid flowing down an inclined plane using lubrication
Bertozzi, Andrea L.
A numerical study of compressible flow in labyrinth seals with rub grooves
control volume, m 2 convection-diffusion coefficient mass source, kg/s seal clearance, mm turbulence model constant discharge coefficient coefficient of (hc pressurc-difference term rub groove depth, mm constant used in the law of the wall i9. 973...) rub groove width, mm stagnation enthalpy, specific turbulence kinetic energy, m /s 2 2 defined as 1/RT, characteristic length scale mass flow rate, kg/s number of teeth in a labyrinth seal pressure, MPa production of turbulence kmetic energy, m...
Adams, Richard Gordon
Osha`s 1974 vinyl chloride standard. Retrospective evaluation of the rulemaking`s feasibility/impact estimates. Case study
This report documents a case study of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration`s (OSHA) permanent health standard of 1974 for workplace exposures to vinyl chloride (monomer). OSHA`s assessment of hazard control options and estimates of compliance costs and other regulatory impacts prepared as part of the rationale for the rulemaking are reviewed and then compared and contrasted with the actual post-promulgation outcomes as affected industries adjusted to the new compliance requirements. This case study has been prepared as part of a larger Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) evaluation of the control technology and regulatory impact analyses that OSHA prepares to support its rulemakings. Congress requested in May 1992 that OTA examine OSHA`s procedures and methods in these regards. The case reported here is one of eight OSHA health and safety standards that have been similarly studied on a pre- and post-promulgation basis.
Boroush, M.A.
A feasibility study of solar ponds for Wisconsin industrial process heat applications -- Impact of lining material
An economic feasibility study of a salinity gradient solar pond for providing industrial process heat (IPH) in the state of Wisconsin is presented. A survey of current low temperature energy load demands of several companies within Wisconsin was completed. The data obtained was analyzed using a microcomputer based program to assess feasibility. Economic feasibility and thermal performance depends upon area. The area of the pond would determine the corresponding quantities of excavation, salt and lining material required to establish a salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP). The cost of the lining material also has a large impact upon the economic feasibility of a SGSP. The results of the economic feasibility study of a SGSP based on the selection of four types of liners is presented. These liners are a high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner, two forms of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and a chemical and weather resistant polymer coated polyester fabric liner (XR-5). For a load of 10,000 GJ/month on an annual operating schedule for the most favorable economic performance resulted from a geosynthetic clay liner with a high density polyethylene backing. For a 10,000 m{sup 2} pond a payback of 8.4 years can be obtained with a unit cost of $43.20/m{sup 2}. It was also determined that if a larger load was demanded and the corresponding optimal area was provided the economic feasibility of a SGSP increased greatly. For a load of 100,000 GJ/Month on an annual operating schedule, using the same lining material, the optimal pond area was found to be 35,800 m{sup 2}, with a discounted payback of 3.8 years and a unit cost of $35.40/ms{sup 2}. Similar results were obtained for the other materials. From these findings it appears that a SGSP using a geosynthetic clay liner with HDPE backing will be economically feasible for a load of 10,000 GJ/month. The economic feasibility improves with increased thermal load and the corresponding optimal pond area.
Henning, M.A.; Reid, R.L. [Marquette Univ., Milwaukee, WI (United States). Coll. of Engineering
Preliminary conceptual study on impact of land reclamation on groundwater flow and contaminant migration in Penny's Bay
but will migrate northeast toward Yam O Wan. FEMWATER, a three-dimensional finite element ground water model
Jiao, Jiu Jimmy
A numerical study of steady fluid flow in the entry region of a straight circular tube
region. The Basic Equations The flow under i nves ti gati on is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations p ? = F - . + uv Du Dt x ax p ? = F - @uv v, Dv a A 2 Dt y ay (2) Dw= F ma+ Dt w as and the continuity equation "u av aw + ? = p ay... + w D a a a a Ut = at ax ay as and 2 a2 a2 a2 ax2 ay2 as2 Expressed in cylindrical form, the previous equations become 2 P = Fr M + & v V r e D Ve 2aV Dt r " ar r2ae DVe V Ve 2aV V p + ? = Fe - ~a + u & Ve + r - e Dt r rae (2a) F -22+ pv V...
Crain, John Kee
Optimal homogenization of perfusion flows in microfluidic bio-reactors; a numerical study
To ensure homogeneous conditions within the complete area of perfused microfluidic bio-reactors, we develop a general design of a continuously feed bio-reactor with uniform perfusion flow. This is achieved by introducing a specific type of perfusion inlet to the reaction area. The geometry of these inlets are found using the methods of topology optimization and shape optimization. The results are compared with two different analytic models, from which a general parametric description of the design is obtained and tested numerically. Such a parametric description will generally be beneficial for the design of a broad range of microfluidic bioreactors used for e.g. cell culturing and analysis, and in feeding bio-arrays.
Okkels, Fridolin; Bruus, Henrik
Computational study of subcritical response in flow past a circular cylinder
Flow past a circular cylinder is investigated in the subcritical regime, below the onset of Benard-von Karman vortex shedding at Re_c ~ 47. The transient response of infinitesimal perturbations is computed. The domain requirements for obtaining converged results is discussed at length. It is shown that energy amplification occurs as low as Re=2.2. Throughout much of the subcritical regime the maximum energy amplification increases approximately exponentially in the square of Re reaching 6800 at Re_c$. The spatiotemporal structure of the optimal transient dynamics is shown to be transitory Benard-von Karman vortex streets. At Re ~ 42 the long-time structure switches from exponentially increasing downstream to exponentially decaying downstream. Three-dimensional computations show that two-dimensional structures dominate the energy growth except at short times.
Cantwell, Christopher D; 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.026315
The objective of this task was to develop glass formulations for (Department of Energy) DOE waste streams with high aluminum concentrations to avoid nepheline formation while maintaining or meeting waste loading and/or waste throughput expectations as well as satisfying critical process and product performance related constraints. Liquidus temperatures and crystallization behavior were carefully characterized to support model development for higher waste loading glasses. The experimental work, characterization, and data interpretation necessary to meet these objectives were performed among three partnering laboratories: the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). Projected glass compositional regions that bound anticipated Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) and Hanford high level waste (HLW) glass regions of interest were developed and used to generate glass compositions of interest for meeting the objectives of this study. A thorough statistical analysis was employed to allow for a wide range of waste glass compositions to be examined while minimizing the number of glasses that had to be fabricated and characterized in the laboratory. The glass compositions were divided into two sets, with 45 in the test matrix investigated by the U.S. laboratories and 30 in the test matrix investigated by KRI. Fabrication and characterization of the US and KRI-series glasses were generally handled separately. This report focuses mainly on the US-series glasses. Glasses were fabricated and characterized by SRNL and PNNL. Crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the quenched and canister centerline cooled (CCC) glasses and were generally iron oxides and spinels, which are not expected to impact durability of the glass. Nepheline was detected in five of the glasses after the CCC heat treatment. Chemical composition measurements for each of the glasses were conducted following an analytical plan. A review of the individual oxides for each glass revealed that there were no errors in batching significant enough to impact the outcome of the study. A comparison of the measured compositions of the replicates indicated an acceptable degree of repeatability as the percent differences for most of the oxides were less than 5% and percent differences for all of the oxides were less than 10 wt%. Chemical durability was measured using the Product Consistency Test (PCT). All but two of the study glasses had normalized leachate for boron (NL [B]) values that were well below that of the Environmental Assessment (EA) reference glass. The two highest NL [B] values were for the CCC versions of glasses US-18 and US-27 (10.498 g/L and 15.962 g/L, respectively). Nepheline crystallization was identified by qualitative XRD in five of the US-series glasses. Each of these five glasses (US-18, US-26, US-27, US-37 and US-43) showed a significant increase in NL [B] values after the CCC heat treatment. This reduction in durability can be attributed to the formation of nepheline during the slow cooling cycle and the removal of glass formers from the residual glass network. The liquidus temperature (T{sub L}) of each glass in the study was determined by both optical microscopy and XRD methods. The correlation coefficient of the measured XRD TL data versus the measured optical TL data was very good (R{sup 2} = 0.9469). Aside from a few outliers, the two datasets aligned very well across the entire temperature range (829 C to 1312 C for optical data and 813 C to 1310 C for XRD crystal fraction data). The data also correlated well with the predictions of a PNNL T{sub L} model. The correlation between the measured and calculated data had a higher degree of merit for the XRD crystal fraction data than for the optical data (higher R{sup 2} value of 0.9089 versus 0.8970 for the optical data). The SEM-EDS analysis of select samples revealed the presence of undissolved RuO{sub 2} in all glasses due to the low solubility of RuO{sub 2} in borosilicate glass. These
Fox, K; David Peeler, D; Tommy Edwards, T; David Best, D; Irene Reamer, I; Phyllis Workman, P; James Marra, J
Congestion in a competitive world: a study of the impact of competition on airline operations
impacts: first of all, the airlines' operational cost increase is estimated by JEC to $19 billion is a fast developing area. Airlines compete for a limited resource, namely airport capacity. The consequence as well as for many other. The airline business has, as the energy supply or the health care, a capital
Bierlaire, Michel
Simulation-based evaluation of the impact of telematics in the Lausanne area: a pilot study
the purpose was to judge the efficiency of variable speed limits on the section of the A1 motorway ranging I PAPABILES Phase 2 Dr. Michel Bierlaire Operations Research, Department of Mathematics Ecole. This increase of the network performance is the result of the addition of two positive impacts generated
Research Excellence Framework: Impact pilot Example case studies from Earth Systems and
at www.ref.ac.uk under Impact pilot exercise. #12;2 Establishing methods to detect irradiated foods.Underpinning research In the 1980s, it was believed that irradiated food could not be detected. The UK Advisory Committee for Irradiated and Novel Foods reported in 1986 that "There are as yet no generally applicable
Crowther, Paul
Economic impact and preservation: a case study of the Big Thicket National Preserve in east Texas
and it is these same issues that remain at the forefront of any political discourse on environmental friendly policies. With the passage of the National Environment Policy Act in 1969, the National Park Service has been required to submit environmental impact...
Powis, Jennifer
Potential impacts of Title I nonattainment on the electric power industry: A Chicago case study (Phase 2)
This study uses version IV of the Urban Airshed Model (UAM-IV) to examine the potential impacts of Title I (nonattainment) and Title IV (acid rain) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) on the utility industry. The UAM is run for a grid that covers the Commonwealth Edison Power Pool and encompasses the greater Chicago area and surrounding rural areas. Meteorological conditions are selected from an ozone (O{sub 3}) episode on July 5 and 6, 1988.
Fernau, M.E.; Makofske, W.J.; South, D.W.
Solar/gas systems impact analysis study. Final report, September 1982-July 1984
The impacts of solar/gas technologies on gas consumers and on gas utilities was measured separately and compared against the impacts of competing gas and electric systems in four climatic regions of the U.S. A methodology was developed for measuring the benefits or penalties of solar/gas systems on a combined basis for consumers and distribution companies. The authors analysis shows that the combined benefits associated with solar/gas systems are generally greatest when the systems are purchased by customers who would have otherwise chosen high-efficiency electric systems (were solar/gas systems not available in the market place). The role of gas utilities in encouraging consumer acceptance of solar/gas systems was also examined in a qualitative fashion. The authors then developed a decision framework for analyzing the type and level of utility involvement in solar/gas technologies.
Hahn, E.F.; Preble, B.; Neill, C.P.; Loose, J.C.; Poe, T.E.
Life cycle assessment of TV sets in China: A case study of the impacts of CRT monitors
Along with the rapid increase in both production and use of TV sets in China, there is an increasing awareness of the environmental impacts related to the accelerating mass production, electricity use, and waste management of these sets. This paper aims to describe the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance of Chinese TV sets. An assessment of the TV set device (focusing on the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor) was carried out using a detailed modular LCA based on the international standards of the ISO 14040 series. The LCA was constructed using SimaPro software version 7.2 and expressed with the Eco-indicator' 99 life cycle impact assessment method. For a sensitivity analysis of the overall LCA results, the CML method was used in order to estimate the influence of the choice of the assessment method on the results. Life cycle inventory information was compiled by Ecoinvent 2.2 databases, combined with literature and field investigations on the current Chinese situation. The established LCA study shows that the use stage of such devices has the highest environmental impact, followed by the manufacturing stage. In the manufacturing stage, the CRT and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) are those components contributing the most environmental impacts. During the use phase, the environmental impacts are due entirely to the methods of electricity generation used to run them, since no other aspects were taken into account for this phase. The final processing step-the end-of-life stage-can lead to a clear environmental benefit when the TV sets are processed through the formal dismantling enterprises in China.
Song Qingbin [Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau (Macao); Wang Zhishi, E-mail: email@example.com [Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau (Macao); Li Jinhui; Zeng Xianlai [School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
Mining royalties: a global study of their impact on investors, government and civil society
The book discusses the history of royalties and the types currently in use, covering issues such as tax administration, revenue distribution and reporting. It identifies the strengths and weaknesses of various royalty approaches and their impact on production decisions and mine economics. A section on governance looks at the management of mining revenue by governments and the need for transparency. There is an attached CD with 4 appendixes with examples of royalty legislation from over 40 countries. 10 figs., 40 tabs., 4 apps.
Otto James (and others)
Numerical Study of Three Dimensional Low Magnetic Reynolds Number Hypersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Flows.
??Hypersonic vehicles generate shocks that can heat the air sufficiently to partially ionize the air and create an electrically conducting plasma that can be studied� (more)
Lee, Jaejin
Flow Partitioning in Fully Saturated Soil Aggregates
Microbes play an important role in facilitating organic matter decomposition in soils, which is a major component of the global carbon cycle. Microbial dynamics are intimately coupled to environmental transport processes, which control access to labile organic matter and other nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms. Transport of soluble nutrients in the soil system is arguably most strongly impacted by preferential flow pathways in the soil. Since the physical structure of soils can be characterized as being formed from constituent micro aggregates which contain internal porosity, one pressing question is the partitioning of the flow among the �inter-aggregate� and �intra-aggregate� pores and how this may impact overall solute transport within heterogeneous soil structures. The answer to this question is particularly important in evaluating assumptions to be used in developing upscaled simulations based on highly-resolved mechanistic models. We constructed a number of diverse multi-aggregate structures with different packing ratios by stacking micro-aggregates containing internal pores and varying the size and shape of inter-aggregate pore spacing between them. We then performed pore-scale flow simulations using computational fluid dynamics methods to determine the flow patterns in these aggregate-of-aggregates structures and computed the partitioning of the flow through intra- and inter-aggregate pores as a function of the spacing between the aggregates. The results of these numerical experiments demonstrate that soluble nutrients are largely transported via flows through inter-aggregate pores. Although this result is consistent with intuition, we have also been able to quantify the relative flow capacity of the two domains under various conditions. For example, in our simulations, the flow capacity through the aggregates (intra-aggregate flow) was less than 2% of the total flow when the spacing between the aggregates was larger than 18 micron. Inter-aggregate pores continued to be the dominant flow pathways even at much smaller spacing; intra-aggregate flow was less than 10% of the total flow when the inter- and intra-aggregate pore sizes were comparable. Such studies are making it possible to identify which model upscaling assumptions are realistic and what computational methods are required for detailed numerical investigation of microbial carbon cycling dynamics in soil systems.
Yang, Xiaofan; Richmond, Marshall C.; Scheibe, Timothy D.; Perkins, William A.; Resat, Haluk
A study of numerical methods to solve quasi one-dimensional, unsteady, compressible viscous flow with shock
The numerical simulation of a quasi one-dimensional internal flow in a subsonicsupersonic nozzle is obtained. Shocks due to high pressure ratio are computed for both inviscid and viscous flows, using an original two point subsonic...
Goy, Matthieu Pierre Bernard
Flow-topography interactions, particle transport and plankton dynamics at the Flower Garden Banks: a modeling study
influenced flow at the Flower Garden Banks, two small but thriving coral reef ecosystems in the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Flow past the modeled banks is characterized by vortex shedding, turbulent wake formation and strong return velocities in the near...
Francis, Simone
Electricit de France's study of the acoustic scintillation flow meter results in expanding its range and sensitivity
for the next generation of acoustic scintillation flow meters. 1. Background For EDF's hydraulic power division, turbine flow metering represents a high stake issue as it involves a significant amount of knowhow, work
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Critical flow of refrigerants through adiabatic capillary tubes: Experimental study of zeotropic mixtures R-407a and R-404a
This paper investigates the flow of zeotropic mixtures of refrigerants through adiabatic capillary tubes. First, an extensive literature review related to the experimental study of these expansion devices was carried out. The results of this literature search showed a lack of experimental data for two fluids, R-407c and R-404a, in spite of the important role that these fluids now play as substitutes for R-22 and R-502 and the practical use of adiabatic capillary tubes in refrigeration systems. Extensive experimental data are presented for five different geometric configurations covering two inner diameters, 1.06 mm and 1.85 mm (0.0417 in. and 0.0728 in.), and three lengths, 1.05 m, 1.30 m, and 1.60 m (41.33 in., 51.18 in., and 62.99 in.). The flow rate covers a range of 10 kg/h to 112 kg/h (22 lb/h to 246.4 lb/h). The operating conditions were 220 psig to 280 psig (1,618 kPa to 2,031 kPa) of condensing pressure and 5 C to 30 C (9 F to 54 F) of subcooling. These results are presented in both graphical and tabulated forms and are intended to be a contribution to the development of environmentally benign refrigeration systems.
Motta, S.Y.; Braga, S.L.; Parise, J.A.R.
Generalized multi-commodity network flows : case studies in space logistics and complex infrastructure systems
In transition to a new era of human space exploration, the question is what the next-generation space logistics paradigm should be. The past studies on space logistics have been mainly focused on a "vehicle" perspective ...
Ishimatsu, Takuto
Friction pressure drop measurements and flow distribution analysis for LEU conversion study of MIT Research Reactor
The MIT Nuclear Research Reactor (MITR) is the only research reactor in the United States that utilizes plate-type fuel elements with longitudinal fins to augment heat transfer. Recent studies on the conversion to low-enriched ...
Wong, Susanna Yuen-Ting
and Warman, J.c. , "Thermal energy storage in a confinedProceedings of Thermal Energy Storage in Aquifers Workshop,c.F. , ~Aquifer thermal energy storage- parameter study,~
Study of Low Speed Flow Cytometry for Diffraction Imaging with Different Chamber
for optimization of the chamber design and improvement of the cell positioning accuracy for study of slow moving utilize a sheath nozzle with a conical end or orifice for hydrodynamic focusing the fluid injected
Continuous-flow study and scale-up of conventionally difficult chemical processes
Microfluidic systems provide valuable tools for exploring, studying, and optimizing organic syntheses. The small scales and fast transport rates allow for faster experiments and lower amounts of chemicals to be used, ...
Zaborenko, Nikolay
The Impact of Refrigerant Charge, Air Flow and Expansion Devices on the Measured Performance of an Air-Source Heat Pump Part I
This paper describes extensive tests performed on a 3-ton R-22 split heat pump in heating mode. The tests contain 150 steady-state performance tests, 18 cyclic tests and 18 defrost tests. During the testing work, the refrigerant charge level was varied from 70 % to 130% relative to the nominal value; the outdoor temperature was altered by three levels at 17 F (-8.3 C), 35 F (1.7 C) and 47 F (8.3 C); indoor air flow rates ranged from 60% to 150% of the rated air flow rate; and the expansion device was switched from a fixed-orifice to a thermal expansion value. Detailed performance data from the extensive steady state cyclic and defrost testing performed were presented and compared.
Shen, Bo [ORNL
Forced convective flow and heat transfer of upward cocurrent air-water slug flow in vertical plain and swirl tubes
This experimental study comparatively examined the two-phase flow structures, pressured drops and heat transfer performances for the cocurrent air-water slug flows in the vertical tubes with and without the spiky twisted tape insert. The two-phase flow structures in the plain and swirl tubes were imaged using the computerized high frame-rate videography with the Taylor bubble velocity measured. Superficial liquid Reynolds number (Re{sub L}) and air-to-water mass flow ratio (AW), which were respectively in the ranges of 4000-10000 and 0.003-0.02 were selected as the controlling parameters to specify the flow condition and derive the heat transfer correlations. Tube-wise averaged void fraction and Taylor bubble velocity were well correlated by the modified drift flux models for both plain and swirl tubes at the slug flow condition. A set of selected data obtained from the plain and swirl tubes was comparatively examined to highlight the impacts of the spiky twisted tape on the air-water interfacial structure and the pressure drop and heat transfer performances. Empirical heat transfer correlations that permitted the evaluation of individual and interdependent Re{sub L} and AW impacts on heat transfer in the developed flow regions of the plain and swirl tubes at the slug flow condition were derived. (author)
Chang, Shyy Woei [Thermal Fluids Laboratory, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81143 (China); Yang, Tsun Lirng [Department of Marine Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81143 (China)
The impact of immersion training on complementing organizational goals and accelerating culture change - a field study
At Los Alamos National Laboratory, a national defense laboratory with a history of working in seclusion and secrecy, scientists and engineers have received an important new mission to partner with industry. The scientists and engineers need to expand their skill base beyond science and understand the business of innovation to be successful in this new environment. An administrative field experiment of conducting intensive, immersion training about the commercialization process was piloted at Los Alamos in September, 1992. This Field Research Project addresses the following research question: {open_quotes}Does {open_quotes}immersion{close_quotes} commercialization training complement organizational goals and does the method accelerate cultural change?{close_quotes} The field experiment first began as a pilot Commercialization Workshop conducted for twelve scientists in September, 1992. The objective was to create commercialization action plans for promising environmental technologies. The immersion method was compared to the indoctrination method of training also. The indoctrination training was a one-day lecture style session conducted for one hundred and fifty scientists in July, 1993. The impact of the training was measured by perceived attitude change and the amount of subsequent industrial partnerships that followed the training. The key management question addressed on the job was, {open_quotes}With a limited budget, how do we maximize the impact of training and achieve the best results?{close_quotes}
Hayes, S.M.
Surface chemistry of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron and electrochemistry study in gas-flow physiological saline
,9 was about an early failure owing to insufficient strength caused by hydrogen embrittlement or agingSurface chemistry of bulk nanocrystalline pure iron and electrochemistry study in gas. The contact angle test with water and glycerol droplets shows a smaller angle (though >90 ) of NC-Fe than
Zheng, Yufeng
Analytical and Numerical Study of Joule Heating Effects on Electrokinetically Pumped Continuous Flow PCR Chips
Analytical and Numerical Study of Joule Heating Effects on Electrokinetically Pumped Continuous, and the potential for integration.1-3 Joule heating is inevitable when electrokinetic pumping is used Form: December 8, 2007 Joule heating is an inevitable phenomenon for microfluidic chips involving
Le Roy, Robert J.
Numerical study of the diapycnal flow through a tidal front with passive tracers
. This qualitatively agrees with a recent field experiment using a dye tracer on Georges Bank. Additional experiments are performed to investigate the sensitivity of the tracer dispersion to the tidal phase and the location, the previous studies indicated Eulerian cross-front mean circu- lation maybe is in a multiple-cell structure
Dong, Changming "Charles"
1992 North Dakota Economic Impact Study for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project, Belfield and Bowman, North Dakota
The goal of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project in North Dakota is to improve the environment and reduce the negative health effects associated with residual radioactive material (RRM) from the inactive processing sites at Belfield and Bowman, North Dakota. A secondary benefit of the UMTRA Project is economic gain. The 1992 North Dakota Economic Impact Study (NDEIS) analyzes the impact of the remedial actions at the inactive Belfield and Bowman processing sites and their associated vicinity properties. This analysis is based on the assumption that the state of North Dakota will provide 10 percent of the funding required for remediation. For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests in the Belfield and Bowman onsite portion of the UMTRA Project, it will realize $5.04 in gross labor income (i.e., gross labor income divided by the state's total funding requirement). For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests, it will realize a net return of $3.04 (i.e., net benefit divided by the state's total funding requirement). This reflects only labor expenditure and employment impact. ff state and local non-labor tax benefits were considered in the net economic benefit, North Dakota could receive significantly more than $3.04 for each dollar it invests. The UMTRA Project work at Belfield and Bowman will benefit the state of North Dakota. Benefits include a reduction in the negative health effects caused by low-level RRM, an improvement in the environment, and increased economic growth.
As a part of the Actinide Removal Process (ARP)/Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) Life Extension Project, a next generation solvent (NGS), a new strip acid, and modified monosodium titanate (mMST) will be deployed. The NGS is comprised of four components: 0.050 M MaxCalix (extractant), 0.50 M Cs-7SB (modifier), 0.003 M guanidine-LIX-79, with the balance ({approx}74 wt%) being Isopar{reg_sign} L. The strip acid will be changed from dilute nitric acid to dilute boric acid (0.01 M). Because of these changes, experimental testing with the next generation solvent and mMST was required to determine the impact of these changes in 512-S and Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) operations, as well as Chemical Process Cell (CPC), glass formulation activities, and melter operations. Because of these changes, experimental testing with the next generation solvent and mMST is required to determine the impact of these changes. A Technical Task Request (TTR) was issued to support the assessments of the impact of the next generation solvent and mMST on the downstream DWPF flowsheet unit. The TTR identified five tasks to be investigated: (1) CPC Flowsheet Demonstration for NGS; (2) Solvent Stability for DWPF CPC Conditions; (3) Glass Formulation Studies; (4) Boron Volatility and Melt Rate; and (5) CPC Flowsheet Demonstration for mMST.
Newell, J.; Peeler, D.; Edwards, T.; Hay, M.; Stone, M.
The impact of a study abroad program in China on its participants' attitudes towards China.
??China is becoming an increasingly popular study abroad destination for outbound students in the United States. There is, however, a lack of research on study� (more)
Yang, Li
A study of the economics of conveying solid matter by fluidized particle flow
of Petroleum Engineering, who aided in critically reading the paper. In addition, the writer would like to thank Donald H. Campbell, a fellow student, for aid in microscopic rock and sediment study and interpretation. Geology of the Northwest Wortham Area... sedimentary rocks are exposed within the area. These strata strike north-northeast and dip southeast less than one degree (less than 90 feet per mile). The oldest unit exposed within the area is the Kemp Formation of the Navarro Group (Upper Cretaceous...
Boy, Hans Peter
3-D laser Doppler velocimetry study of incompressible flow through an orifice plate
of Advisory Committee: Dr. Gerald Morrison Orifice meters are used extensively in the U. S. for the measurement of natural gas. Uncertainty of metering accuracy has resulted in an estimated 250 million dollars annually in mis-charges. This has led... to the need for basic research on orifice meters in an attempt to improve the accuracy of existing metering facilities. The objective of this present study was to use a 3-D LDV (laser Doppler velocimeter) to obtain detailed velocity and turbulence...
Panak, David Leo
Colorado economic impact study on the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project in Colorado: Colorado state fiscal year 1993
The Colorado economic impact study summarizes employment and economic benefits to the state from activities associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project during Colorado state fiscal year (FY) 1993. To capture employment benefits, a questionnaire was distributed to subcontractor employees at the active UMTRA Project sites of Grand Junction, Rifle, and Gunnison, Colorado. An estimated 52 percent of the employees working on the UMTRA Project responded to this information request. Economic data were requested from each prime subcontractor, as well as from the Remedial Action Contractor. The most significant benefits associated with the UMTRA Project in Colorado are: Direct employment was estimated at 894 workers; An estimated 89 percent of all direct employment was local; Secondary employment resulting from remedial action at the active Colorado UMTRA Project sites and the Grand Junction vicinity property program is estimated at 546 workers. Total employment (direct and secondary) is estimated at 1440 workers for the period of study (July 1, 1992, to June 30, 1993). An estimated $24.1 million was paid in wages to UMTRA workers in Colorado during FY1993; Direct and secondary wage earnings were estimated at $39.9 million; Income tax payments to the state of Colorado were estimated at $843,400 during FY1993; The gross economic impact of UMTRA Project activities in the state of Colorado is estimated at $70 million during the 1-year study period; and the net economic benefit to the state of Colorado was estimated at $57.5 million, or $5.90 per dollar of funding provided by Colorado. This figure includes both direct and secondary benefits but does not include the impact of alternative uses of the state funding.
Climate impacts of carbonaceous and other non-sulfate aerosols: A proposed study
In addition to sulfate aerosols, carbonaceous and other non-sulfate aerosols are potentially significant contributors to global climate change. We present evidence that strongly suggests that current assessments of the effects of aerosols on climate may be inadequate because major aerosol components, especially carbonaceous aerosols, are not included in these assessments. Although data on the properties and distributions of anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols are insufficient to allow quantification of their climate impacts, the existing information suggests that climate forcing by this aerosol component may be significant and comparable to that by sulfate aerosols. We propose that a research program be undertaken to support a quantitative assessment of the role in climate forcing of non-sulfate, particularly carbonaceous, aerosols.
Andreae, M.O.; Crutzen, P.J. [Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany); Cofer, W.R. III; Hollande, J.M. [NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (United States). Atmospheric Sciences Division] [and others
The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties on Evolutionary Studies of the Nova Outburst
The observable consequences of a nova outburst depend sensitively on the details of the thermonuclear runaway which initiates the outburst. One of the more important sources of uncertainty is the nuclear reaction data used as input for the evolutionary calculations. A recent paper by Starrfield, Truran, Wiescher, & Sparks (1998) has demonstrated that changes in the reaction rate library used within a nova simulation have significant effects, not just on the production of individual isotopes (which can change by an order of magnitude), but on global observables such as the peak luminosity and the amount of mass ejected. We present preliminary results of systematic analyses of the impact of reaction rate uncertainties on nova nucleosynthesis.
W. Raphael Hix; Michael S. Smith; Anthony Mezzacappa; Sumner Starrfield; Donald L. Smith
Exploratory study of some potential environmental impacts of CO2 sequestration in unmineable coal seams
An initial investigation into the potential environmental impacts of CO2 sequestration in unmineable coal seams has been conducted, focusing on changes in the produced water during enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) production, using a CO2 injection process (CO2-ECBM). A high volatile bituminous coal, Pittsburgh No. 8, was reacted with synthetic produced water and gaseous carbon dioxide at 40�C and 50 bar to evaluate the potential for mobilisation of toxic metals during CO2-ECBM/sequestration. Microscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis of the post-reaction coal samples clearly show evidence of chemical reaction and chemical analysis of the synthetic produced water shows substantial changes in composition. These results suggest that changes to the produced water chemistry and the potential for mobilising toxic trace elements from coal beds are important factors to be considered when evaluating deep, unmineable coal seams for CO2 sequestration.
Hedges, S.W.; Soong, Y.; Jones, R.J.; Harrison, D.K.; Irdi, G.A.; Frommell, E.A.; Dilmore, R.M.; White, C.M.
Economic impact study of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project in Colorado: Colorado state fiscal year 1993
The Colorado economic impact study summarizes employment and economic benefits to the state from activities associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project during Colorado state fiscal year 1993 (July 1, 1992, through June 30, 1993). To capture employment benefits, a questionnaire was distributed to subcontractor employees at the active UMTRA Project sites of Grand Junction, Rifle, and Gunnison, Colorado. An estimated 52 percent of the employees working on the UMTRA Project responded to this information request. Economic data were requested from each site prime subcontractor, as well as from the Remedial Action Contractor. The most significant benefits associated with the UMTRA Project in Colorado are summarized.
Economic impact study of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action project in Colorado: Colorado state fiscal year 1995
This Colorado economic impact study summarizes employment and economic benefits to the state from activities associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project during Colorado state fiscal year (FY) 1995 (1 July 1994 through 30 June 1995). To capture employment information, a questionnaire was distributed to subcontractor employees at the active UMTRA Project sites of Grand Junction, Gunnison, Maybell, Naturita, Rifle, and Slick Rock, Colorado. Economic data were requested from the Remedial Action Contractor (RAC), the Technical Assistance Contractor (TAC) and the US Department of Energy (DOE). The most significant benefits associated with the UMTRA Project in Colorado are summarized.
Impact of Rotor Surface Velocity, Leakage Models and Real Gas Properties on Rotordynamic Force Predictions of Gas Labyrinth Seals
-coupled stiffness. A test case is implemented to study the impact of variation of seal axial radial clearance on stability characteristics. The 1CV model by Childs and Scharrer and subsequent bulk flow models are based on the assumption of isothermal flow across...
Thorat, Manish R.
Air Effects on Large Droplet Impact Frank T Smith1
Air Effects on Large Droplet Impact Frank T Smith1 and Richard Purvis2 UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK A study is presented of the interaction(s) between air and water in determining the motion of a large surrounding air motion. I.Nomenclature A = magnitude of shear flow in the air c = ratio U /V D
Purvis, Richard
The Roles and Economic Impacts of Technology Infrastructure
The Roles and Economic Impacts of Technology Infrastructure (version 3) Gregory Tassey Senior billion in economic benefits. Beyond measurement activities within an industry, increased specialization the need for interoperability for a wide range of information flows. NIST economic studies have shown
An experimental and analytical study of annular two phase flow friction pressure drop in a reduced acceleration field
for the same mass fluxes and mass qualities. The reduced acceleration pressure drops were found to be 45% greater overall than the 1-g pressure drops. In addition, the reduced acceleration flows were modeled using a universal velocity profile integral... approach to determine the liquid film thickness and the interfacial friction factor. The reduced acceleration annular flow interfacial friction factors were compared with current models for vertical up-flow in a 1-g environment. The reduced acceleration...
Wheeler, Montgomery
1991 New Mexico economic impact study for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project, Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, site
The University of New Mexico Bureau of Business and Economic Research completed an abbreviated cost-benefit analysis of the income and employment impact of the US Department of Energy (DOE) and contractor offices in Albuquerque. Since the Project Office will have a significant positive impact on the State`s economy (shown on Table 8), the impact is combined with the impact of remedial actions at the Ambrosia Lake site to highlight the cost-benefit of the entire Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project. The UMTRA Project at the Ambrosia Lake site will generate $12.509 million in gross labor income in New Mexico between 1989 and 1994. This includes $1.161 million in federal tax revenue, $1.015 million in State personal income tax revenue, and seven thousand in local tax revenue. The UMTRA Project will generate the equivalent of 84 full-time jobs during the peak year of remedial action at Ambrosia Lake site. New Mexico`s total funding requirement for the UMTRA Project is estimated to be $2.963 million. The net economic benefit of the Ambrosia Lake portion of the UMTRA Project to New Mexico after the State`s share of the project`s cost, the federal income tax, and the $0.936 million income impact of the alternate use of the State funding are subtracted, will be $7.451 million between 1990 and 1994. In Fiscal Year 1990 the UMTRA Project DOE and contractor offices in Albuquerque directly employed 163 people. Another 78 jobs were also maintained in support of the industry sector and 166 jobs were also maintained in other sections of the New Mexico economy. It is estimated that $19 million dollars of income was generated and 1.949 million of State and local taxes were collected. The University of New Mexico study shows that for every dollar the State of New Mexico invests in the UMTRA Project, it will realize $95.05 in gross labor income. This corresponds to a net return on the States investment in the Project of $97.20 for every dollar invested.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Vanadium(IV) Electrolyte Solutions for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
The vanadium (IV) electrolyte solutions with various vanadium concentrations are studied by variable temperature 1H and 17O Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure and kinetics of vanadium (IV) species in the electrolyte solutions are explored with respect to vanadium concentration and temperature. It was found that the vanadium (IV) species exist as hydrated vanadyl ion, i.e. [VO(H2O)5]2+ forming an octahedral coordination with vanadyl oxygen in the axial position and the remaining positions occupied by water molecules. This hydrated vanadyl ion structure is stable in vanadium concentrations up to 3M and in the temperature range of 240 to 340 K. The sulfate anions in the electrolyte solutions are found to be weekly bound to this hydrated vanadyl ion and occupies its second coordination sphere. The possible effects of these sulfate anions in proton and water exchange between vanadyl ion and solvent molecules are discussed based on 1H and 17O NMR results.
Vijayakumar, M.; Burton, Sarah D.; Huang, Cheng; Li, Liyu; Yang, Zhenguo; Graff, Gordon L.; Liu, Jun; Hu, Jian Z.; Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria
Comparative studies on charged particle flow in a double plasma device
An experiment is conducted to study the comparative effect of a transverse magnetic field (TMF) and stainless steel (ss) plates in a filament discharge in a double plasma device (DPD). A variable transverse magnetic field is setup between the source and the target regions of the DPD using permanent magnets. By changing the distance between magnetic pole separations, the magnetic field is varied in the range of 80 Gauss to 300 Gauss. Plasma diffuses from the source to the target region through this field. Changing the discharge voltage and the discharge current varies the discharge conditions. Langmuir probes are placed in the source and target regions to measure the plasma parameters. Ss plates of similar surface area then replace the TMF and these data are compared with the TMF data to show the effect of the TMF on plasma parameters in comparison to the ss plates. It is seen that the magnetic field causes the plasma parameters to vary in a consistent way when the discharge parameters are varied.
Chakraborty, M.; Das, B. K. [Centre of Plasma Physics-Institute for Plasma Research, Tepesia, Kamrup, Assam (India)
Energy flows in a secondary city: a case study of Nakuru, Kenya
Secondary cities are currently seen as an important focus for promoting a more spatially-equitable pattern of economic infrastructure in developing countries, but their energy needs have not been considered. To test the thesis of this work - that the present pattern of energy demand in secondary cities differs, in important ways, from that of primary cities - a case study was conducted in the East African city of Nakuru, Kenya. Energy supplies used in Nakuru fall into two categories: industrial sources (electricity and petroleum) and traditional sources (wood, charcoal, and agricultural residues). This analysis of Nakuru's use of industrial sources is introduced by a historical discussion of nationwide patterns of distribution, use, and pricing of electricity and petroleum products, and is followed by data gathered from Nakuru's suppliers of these energy sources. The portrait of energy use in Nakuru is completed with an analysis of the demand for traditional energy sources. Surveys were conducted to estimate the total quantities of charcoal, wood, and agricultural resides used in Nakuru. The cornerstone of this effort was a residential energy survey stratified according to income. Nakuru is shown to rely on biomass fuels (charcoal) to a much greater degree than Nairobi, thereby proving the thesis.
Milukas, M.V.
Economic impact study of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action project in Colorado: Colorado state fiscal year 1995. Revision 1
As required by the Romer-Twining Agreement of 1990, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has prepared this annual economic impact study for the state of Colorado. This report assesses the economic impacts related to the DOE Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project in Colorado during the state fiscal year (FY) between 1 July 1994 and 30 June 1995. To estimate net economic benefit, employment, salaries and wages, and other related economic benefits are discussed, quantified, and then compared to the state`s 10 percent share of the remedial action costs. Actual data obtained from sites currently undergoing remedial action were used as the basis for analyses. If data were not available, estimates were used to derive economic indicators. This study describes the types of employment associated with the UMTRA Project and estimates of the numbers of people employed by UMTRA Project subcontractors in Colorado during state FY 1995. Employment totals are reported in estimated average annual jobs; however, the actual number of workers at the site fluctuates depending on weather and on the status of remedial action activities. In addition, the actual number of people employed on the Project during the year may be higher than the average annual employment reported due to the temporary nature of some of the jobs.
On-Site Pilot Study - Removal of Uranium, Radium-226 and Arsenic from Impacted Leachate by Reverse Osmosis - 13155
Conestoga-Rovers and Associates (CRA-LTD) performed an on-site pilot study at the Welcome Waste Management Facility in Port Hope, Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the effectiveness of a unique leachate treatment process for the removal of radioactive contaminants from leachate impacted by low-level radioactive waste. Results from the study also provided the parameters needed for the design of the CRA-LTD full scale leachate treatment process design. The final effluent water quality discharged from the process to meet the local surface water discharge criteria. A statistical software package was utilized to obtain the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the results from design of experiment applied to determine the effect of the evaluated factors on the measured responses. The factors considered in the study were: percent of reverse osmosis permeate water recovery, influent coagulant dosage, and influent total dissolved solids (TDS) dosage. The measured responses evaluated were: operating time, average specific flux, and rejection of radioactive contaminants along with other elements. The ANOVA for the design of experiment results revealed that the operating time is affected by the percent water recovery to be achieved and the flocculant dosage over the range studied. The average specific flux and rejection for the radioactive contaminants were not affected by the factors evaluated over the range studied. The 3 month long on-site pilot testing on the impacted leachate revealed that the CRA-LTD leachate treatment process was robust and produced an effluent water quality that met the surface water discharge criteria mandated by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission and the local municipality. (authors)
McMurray, Allan; Everest, Chris; Rilling, Ken [Conestoga-Rovers and Associates, 651 Colby Dr, Waterloo, ON (Canada)] [Conestoga-Rovers and Associates, 651 Colby Dr, Waterloo, ON (Canada); Vandergaast, Gary [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, 115 Toronto Road, Port Hope, ON (Canada)] [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, 115 Toronto Road, Port Hope, ON (Canada); LaMonica, David [RoChem Membrane Systems Inc., 430 30th Street, Hermosa Beach, CA (United States)] [RoChem Membrane Systems Inc., 430 30th Street, Hermosa Beach, CA (United States)
Cerro Grande Fire Impact to Water Quality and Stream Flow near Los Alamos National Laboratory: Results of Four Years of Monitoring
In May 2000, the Cerro Grande fire burned about 7400 acres of mixed conifer forest on the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and much of the 10,000 acres of mountainside draining onto LANL was severely burned. The resulting burned landscapes raised concerns of increased storm runoff and transport of contaminants by runoff in the canyons traversing LANL. The first storms after the fire produced runoff peaks that were more than 200 times greater than prefire levels. Total runoff volume for the year 2000 increased 50% over prefire years, despite a decline in total precipitation of 13% below normal and a general decrease in the number of monsoonal thunderstorms. The majority of runoff in 2000 occurred in the canyons at LANL south of Pueblo Canyon (70%), where the highest runoff volume occurred in Water Canyon and the peak discharge occurred in Pajarito Canyon. This report describes the observed effects of the Cerro Grande fire and related environmental impacts to watersheds at and near Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for the first four runoff seasons after the fire, from 2000 through 2003. Spatial and temporal trends in radiological and chemical constituents that were identified as being associated with the Cerro Grande fire and those that were identified as being associated with historic LANL discharges are evaluated with regard to impacts to the Rio Grande and area reservoirs downstream of LANL. The results of environmental sampling performed by LANL, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED), and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) after the Cerro Grande fire are included in the evaluation. Effects are described for storm runoff, baseflow, stream sediments, and area regional reservoir sediment.
B.M. Gallaher; R.J. Koch
Numerical and experimental study of expiratory flow in the case of major upper airway obstructions with fluid-structure interaction
and the larynx (fig. 1), is the most external part of the respiratory system. Modelling the fluid flow is described. The theory of linear elasticity in small deformations has been chosen to compute the mechanical of the respiratory fluid flow (Shome et al., 1998; Allen et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2006; Sung et al., 2006; Liu et al
Study of fully developed, liquid-metal, open-channel flow in a nearly coplanar magnetic field
Fully developed, gravity-driven flow in an open channel of arbitrary electrical conductance and orientation to an applied magnetic field is investigated. The formulation of the model equations and the numerical solution methodology are described in detail. Numerical solutions of the model equations for the flow velocity profile, induced magnetic field profile, and the uniform film height as a function of Hartmann number, field angle, flow rate, and channel conductivity are presented and discussed. The parameter ranges explored are those most representative of tokamak divertor surface protection schemes, where the field is predominantly coplanar in orientation. The formation of jets in velocity and the occurrence of abrupt jumps in uniform film height are seen as the wall conductance increases. Regimes where the flow is dominated by the smaller transverse field component instead of the larger coplanar field are also observed. Simple analytic relations predicting the film height are given for the different flow regimes. 13 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.
Morley, N.B.; Abdou, M.A. [Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
An Empirical Investigation of the Impacts of Sun-Related Glare
An Empirical Investigation of the Impacts of Sun-Related Glare on Traffic Flow Benjamin Auffray- investigated Most research studies crash-related factors Sun related glare not studiedSun-related glare not studied #12;Sun Glare Effect Physiological action Two aspects : disability and discomfort Heterogeneity
Indoor Conditions Study and Impact on the Energy Consumption for a Large Commercial Building
that were studied using dynamic simulations. The article provides interesting insights of the building indoor conditions (summer/winter comfort), humidity, air temperature, mean operative temperature and energy consumption using hourly climate data. A...
Catalina, T.
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Probability/Coordination Study Resident Fish and Wildlife Impacts Phase III, 1996 Annual Report.
Phase 3 began in 1995 with the overall goal of quantifying changes in resident fish habitat in the Snake River Basin upstream of Brownlee Reservoir resulting from the release of salmon flow augmentation water. Existing data, in the form of weighted usable area versus flow relationships, were used to estimate habitat changes for white sturgeon (Acipenser transinontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Snake River between C.J. Strike Dam and Brownlee pool. The increased flows resulted in increased habitat for adult and juvenile white sturgeon and adult rainbow trout. But, the flows have failed to meet mean monthly flow recommendations for the past three years despite the addition of the flow augmentation releases. It is unlikely that the flow augmentation releases have had any significant long-term benefit for sturgeon and rainbow trout in the Snake River. Flow augmentation releases from the Boise and Payette rivers have in some years helped to meet or exceed minimum flow recommendations in these tributaries. The minimum flows would not have been reached without the flow augmentation releases. But, in some instances, the timing of the releases need to be adjusted in order to maximize benefits to resident fishes in the Boise and Payette rivers.
Leitzinger, Eric J. [Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Boise, ID (United States)
Final environmental impact statement/report. Volume 2. Technical studies. Northeast corridor improvement project electrification: New Haven, CT to Boston, MA
This document is the final environmental impact statement and final environmental impact report (FEIS/R) on the proposal by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) to complete the electrification of the Northeast Corridor main line by extending electric traction from New Haven, CT, to Boston, MA. This document (Volume II) presents additional technical studies to supplement Volume III of the DEIS/R issued in October 1993 (PB94-111838).
An Integrated Study of Avian Influenza Impacts and Associated Climate Change Issues
. The climate change and spread of AI outbreaks study finds that the probability and expected number of AI outbreaks increases as climate change proceeds. Particularly, past climate change has contributed to the current spread of AI disease by 11% and the future...
Mu, Jianhong
Bâtiment (CSTB), Nantes, France ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the transfer of outdoor air pollution and the relationships between outdoor and indoor urban air pollutant concentrations are more and more a subject indoor pollutant sources. At the initial state, the dwelling was naturally ventilated. Air renewal
Numerical study of corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels in the flowing PbLi with and without a magnetic field
Numerical study of corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels in the flowing PbLi with and without s t r a c t A computational suite called TRANSMAG has been developed to address corrosion of ferritic/martensitic steels and associated transport of corrosion products in the eutectic alloy PbLi as applied to blankets
Experimental and Modeling Studies of Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media and Its Effects on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell
An experimental investigation was conducted to study the two-phase flow properties of porous media used in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The liquid and gas phase relative permeability of porous media used in PEM fuel cells was measured...
Wang, Xuhai
Study of instabilities and quasi-two-dimensional turbulence in volumetrically heated magnetohydrodynamic flows in a vertical rectangular duct
magnetohydrodynamic flows in a vertical rectangular duct N. Vetcha, S. Smolentsev, M. Abdou, and R. Moreau Citation in a vertical rectangular duct N. Vetcha,1 S. Smolentsev,1,a) M. Abdou,1 and R. Moreau2 1 Mechanical
Economic impact study of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project in Colorado: Colorado State fiscal year 1994. Revision 1
The Colorado economic impact study summarizes employment and economic benefits to the state from activities associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project during Colorado state fiscal year 1994 (1 July 1993 through 30 June 1994). To capture employment information, a questionnaire was distributed to subcontractor employees at the active UMTRA Project sites of Grand Junction, Naturita, Gunnison, and Rifle, Colorado. Economic data were requested from each site prime subcontractor, as well as from the Remedial Action Contractor. Information on wages, taxes, and subcontract expenditures in combination with estimates and economic multipliers is used to estimate the dollar economic benefits to Colorado during the state fiscal year. Finally, the fiscal year 1994 estimates are compared to fiscal year 1993 employment and economic information.
Experimental studies of a flow field around a forward swept wing at high angles of attack and low speeds
of the wing. Particular attention was pa1d to the characteristic leading edge vortex system and the adverse wing root stall associated with the lead1ng edge vortex. These flow characteristics of the wing are presented and discussed in detail. DEDICATION... the forward and aft swept wing flow characteristics, and investigated in detail, the problem of wing root stall associated with the leading edge vortex. The latter is an important characteristic of forward swept wings. In addition, this test was designed...
Goss, Robert Bruce
Synthesising evidence for equity impacts of population-based physical activity interventions: a pilot study
WC, Merlo A, Gewa C, Weber MD, et al. The Los Angeles Lift Off: a sociocultural environmental change intervention to integrate physical activity into the workplace. Preventive Medicine. 2004;38(6):848-56. P43. Coleman KJ, Gonzalez EC. Promoting Stair... activity patterns among adolescents: a pilot study of 'Slice of Life'. Health education research. 1987 June 1, 1987;2(2):93-103. P54. Robinson TN. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical...
Humphreys, David K; Ogilvie, David
metalsa, epri, and John Deere are among the partners in these high-impact studies.
's tHat klunky new hummer You Bought For A soNg, thAt hoNeY oF A Bmw sports coupe, farm equipment from John deere that affect safety, longevity, even energy efficiency and the environment. camden hubbard and his residual, and the environment Matt Klug from Dominion Engineering, a sub- contractor to EPRI, uses NSRF-2 to study stress
A program was conducted to systematically evaluate potential impacts of the proposed Small Column Ion Exchange (SCIX) process on the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Chemical Processing Cell (CPC). The program involved a series of interrelated tasks. Past studies of the impact of crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and monosodium titanate (MST) on DWPF were reviewed. Paper studies and material balance calculations were used to establish reasonable bounding levels of CST and MST in sludge. Following the paper studies, Sludge Batch 10 (SB10) simulant was modified to have both bounding and intermediate levels of MST and ground CST. The SCIX flow sheet includes grinding of the CST which is larger than DWPF frit when not ground. Nominal ground CST was not yet available, therefore a similar CST ground previously in Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was used. It was believed that this CST was over ground and that it would bound the impact of nominal CST on sludge slurry properties. Lab-scale simulations of the DWPF CPC were conducted using SB10 simulants with no, intermediate, and bounding levels of CST and MST. Tests included both the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) cycles. Simulations were performed at high and low acid stoichiometry. A demonstration of the extended CPC flowsheet was made that included streams from the site interim salt processing operations. A simulation using irradiated CST and MST was also completed. An extensive set of rheological measurements was made to search for potential adverse consequences of CST and MST and slurry rheology in the CPC. The SCIX CPC impact program was conducted in parallel with a program to evaluate the impact of SCIX on the final DWPF glass waste form and on the DWPF melter throughput. The studies must be considered together when evaluating the full impact of SCIX on DWPF. Due to the fact that the alternant flowsheet for DWPF has not been selected, this study did not consider the impact of proposed future alternative DWPF CPC flowsheets. The impact of the SCIX streams on DWPF processing using the selected flowsheet need to be considered as part of the technical baseline studies for coupled processing with the selected flowsheet. In addition, the downstream impact of aluminum dissolution on waste containing CST and MST has not yet been evaluated. The current baseline would not subject CST to the aluminum dissolution process and technical concerns with performing the dissolution with CST have been expressed. Should this option become feasible, the downstream impact should be considered. The main area of concern for DWPF from aluminum dissolution is an impact on rheology. The SCIX project is planning for SRNL to complete MST, CST, and sludge rheology testing to evaluate any expected changes. The impact of ground CST transport and flush water on the DWPF CPC feed tank (and potential need for decanting) has not been defined or studied.
Koopman, D.
Economic impact study of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project in Colorado: Colorado state fiscal year 1994
The Colorado economic impact study summarizes employment and economic benefits to the state from activities associated with the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project during Colorado state fiscal year 1994. To capture employment information, a questionnaire was distributed to subcontractor employees at the active UMTRA Project sites of Grand Junction, Naturita, Gunnison, and Rifle, Colorado. Economic data were requested from each site prime subcontractor, as well as from the Remedial Action Contractor. The most significant benefits associated with the UMTRA Project in Colorado are summarized. This study assesses benefits associated with the Grand Junction, Gunnison, Naturita, and Rifle UMTRA Projects sites for the 1-year period under study. Work at the Naturita site was initiated in April 1994 and involved demolition of buildings at the processing site. Actual start-up of remediation of Naturita is planned to begin in the spring of 1995. Work at the Slick Rock and Maybell sites is expected to begin in 1995. The only current economic benefits associated with these sites are related to UMTRA Project support work.
Simulation study of the impact of world oil prices on the development of the Libyan economy
The goal of this study was to determine quantitatively how sensitive and vulnerable the Libyan economy's aggregates are to fluctuations in world oil prices. In order to achieve the goal, a macroeconomic model of the Libyan economy was constructed using annual data from 1962-1978. The model contains 36 relations, of which 19 are behavioral equations and 17 are identities. The model was validated by both historical simulation and a one-period out-of-sample forecast. Having established the predictive ability of the model, alternative future scenarios of the Libyan economy were examined from 1980-1987 by performing an ex-ante simulation for this period. This simulation was divided into two sections. The first covers the period 1980-1983, for which actual data for Libyan oil prices and the volume of Libyan oil exports are available. The second section covers the period 1984-1987. In this section the future of the Libyan economy was simulated under a basic price scenario which reflects the most likely forecast regarding the world oil price level from 1984-1987. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by establishing a new scenario for the world oil price level from 1984-1987. A comparison the results of these simulations shows the effects resulting from changes in the world oil price level on the Libyan economy.
Abosedra, S.S.
Formulating a simplified equivalent representation of distribution circuits for PV impact studies.
With an increasing number of Distributed Generation (DG) being connected on the distribution system, a method for simplifying the complexity of the distribution system to an equivalent representation of the feeder is advantageous for streamlining the interconnection study process. The general characteristics of the system can be retained while reducing the modeling effort required. This report presents a method of simplifying feeders to only specified buses-of-interest. These buses-of-interest can be potential PV interconnection locations or buses where engineers want to verify a certain power quality. The equations and methodology are presented with mathematical proofs of the equivalence of the circuit reduction method. An example 15-bus feeder is shown with the parameters and intermediate example reduction steps to simplify the circuit to 4 buses. The reduced feeder is simulated using PowerWorld Simulator to validate that those buses operate with the same characteristics as the original circuit. Validation of the method is also performed for snapshot and time-series simulations with variable load and solar energy output data to validate the equivalent performance of the reduced circuit with the interconnection of PV.
Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert Joseph; Grijalva, Santiago [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Investigating the impact of wave energy in the electric power system - A case study of southern Sweden.
??The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the impact of wave energy in the electric power system of southern Sweden. How does wave� (more)
von Sydow, Tyra
Design Principles and Case Study Analysis for Low Impact Development Practices - Green Roofs, Rainwater Harvesting and Vegetated Swales.
??This thesis on Low Impact Development (LID) Practices provides design guidelines and principles for three important LID practices: green roofs, rainwater harvesting and bioswales. The� (more)
Ramesh, Shalini
Schlieren Visualization Technique Applied to the Study of Laser-Induced Breakdown in Low Density Hypersonic Flow
Experimental results on the visualization of the time evolution of the laser-plasma induced breakdown produced in low density hypersonic flow using the Schlieren technique are presented. The plasma was generated by focusing the high power laser pulse of a CO2 TEA laser in the test section of the IEAv 0.3m Hypersonic Shock Tunnel. An ultra-high speed electronic tube camera was used to register the event. The photographs reveal the expansion of the shock wave produced by the laser generated hot plasma and the convection of the plasma kernel by the hypersonic flow. It is also observed the interaction between the plasma disturbed region and the shock established by the flow around an hemisphere-cylinder model. A strong change in the shock wave structure near the model was observed, corroborating the DEAS concept.
Oliveira, A. C. [Laboratorio Associado de Combustao e Propulsao INPE, Caixa Postal 01 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP. (Brazil); Laboratory of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics, IEAv-CTA, Sao Jose dos Campos - SP 12228-840 (Brazil); Minucci, M. A. S.; Toro, P. G. P.; Chanes, J. B. Jr [Laboratory of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics, IEAv-CTA, Sao Jose dos Campos - SP 12228-840 (Brazil); Salvador, I. I. [Laboratorio Associado de Combustao e Propulsao INPE, Caixa Postal 01 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP (Brazil); Myrabo, L. N.; Nagamatsu, H. T. [Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, NY (United States)
This paper presents a study on the impacts of increased outdoor air (OA) ventilation on the performance of ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems that heat and cool typical primary schools. Four locations Phoenix, Miami, Seattle, and Chicago are selected in this study to represent different climate zones in the United States. eQUEST, an integrated building and HVAC system energy analysis program, is used to simulate a typical primary school and the GSHP system at the four locations with minimum and 30% more than minimum OA ventilation. The simulation results show that, without an energy recovery ventilator, the 30% more OA ventilation results in an 8.0 13.3% increase in total GSHP system energy consumption at the four locations. The peak heating and cooling loads increase by 20.2 30% and 14.9 18.4%, respectively, at the four locations. The load imbalance of the ground heat exchanger is increased in hot climates but reduced in mild and cold climates.
Liu, Xiaobing [ORNL] [ORNL
The Impact of Tax Shocks and Oil Price Volatility on Risk - A Study of North Sea Oilfield Projects�
We examine the impact of market volatility and increased fiscal take on risk in strategic natural resource projects. An increase in 2006 UK oilfield taxation is used as a natural experiment for assessing the impact of a fiscal increase on oilfield...
Kretzschmar, Gavin Lee; Moles, Peter
Study of the potential health and environmental impacts from the development of liquid-dominated geothermal resources
This document describes seven programs to provide scientific input, understanding, and forecasting capability for hydrothermal energy areas needing resolution. The three major areas addressed are (1) the impacts on living components of the aqueous and terrestrial ecosystems, (2) the impacts on the quality of the abiotic environment itself, and (3) the techniques needed to measure releases from hydrothermal activities.
Williams, J.M. (ed.)
This study is focused on the detailed experimental investigation of jet boat-tail (JBT) passive flow control bluff
. The wind tunnel experimental results show a substantial reduction in the wake width and depth for the two in the turbulent fluctuation of the wake can be observed in addition to a decrease of the recirculation region measurements at the mid-plane location suggest their flow fields differ significantly due to the nature
Zha, Gecheng
Low Speed Virtual Wind Tunnel Simulation For Educational Studies In Introducing Computational Fluid Dynamics And Flow Visualization
............................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4. Starting FlowLab ...................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.5. Geometry Settings... OF THE PROGRAMMING....................................................................... 52 v List of Figures FIGURE 2.1 ? COST AND TIME RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPECT TO CFD AND WIND TUNNELS............................. 5 FIGURE 2.2 - BOEING 777 DESIGN...
Yang, Cher-Chiang
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics A Biologically Inspired Computational Study of Flow Past Tandem Flapping Foils
of a housefly. Similarly, several physico-mechanical designs evolved in fish are currently inspiring robotic have been carried out using a Cartesian grid method that allows us to simulate flows with complex moving boundaries on stationary Cartesian grids. The simulations indicate that vortex shedding from
Mittal, Rajat
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TURBULENT SUPERCRITICAL OPEN CHANNEL WATER FLOW AS APPLIED TO THE CLiFF CONCEPT
is to investigate the hydrodynamic and heat transfer phenomena in the near-surface region of a turbulent open-turbulence interaction are the most important processes that determine the heat transfer rate in CLiFF flows. The current, low conductivity fluid, turbulence, surface waves, heat transfer ________________ Corresponding
Efficient mixing in stratified flows: experimental study of a Rayleigh-Taylor unstable interface within an otherwise stable stratification
efficiency that is commonly quoted is ? 0.2 (Peltier & Caulfield 2003) and mixing efficiency is sometimes taken to be equal to this value in general. More recent labora- tory experiments of exchange flows suggest that, for sufficiently high Reynolds number...
Davies-Wykes, Megan S.; Dalziel, Stuart B.
Numerical study of HeleShaw flow with suction Hector D. Ceniceros, Thomas Y. Hou, and Helen Si
with suction are relevant to the process of oil recovery. In these flows, a blob of viscous fluid, surrounded the more viscous fluid is sucked out. In the oil analogy, this fingering process could reduce the amount; accepted 27 May 1999# We investigate numerically the effects of surface tension on the evolution
Hou, Thomas Yizhao
Local Nusselt number enhancement during gaseliquid Taylor bubble flow in a square mini-channel: An experimental study
- scale mass transfer process, fuel cells, etc. The unique and complex flow characteristics require under, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history of the unit cell, i.e., the length of adjacent gas bubble and water plug. �? 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All
Khandekar, Sameer
Evaluation of flow hood measurements for residential register flows
Flow measurement at residential registers using flow hoods is becoming more common. These measurements are used to determine if the HVAC system is providing adequate comfort, appropriate flow over heat exchangers and in estimates of system energy losses. These HVAC system performance metrics are determined by using register measurements to find out if individual rooms are getting the correct airflow, and in estimates of total air handler flow and duct air leakage. The work discussed in this paper shows that commercially available flow hoods are poor at measuring flows in residential systems. There is also evidence in this and other studies that flow hoods can have significant errors even when used on the non-residential systems they were originally developed for. The measurement uncertainties arise from poor calibrations and the sensitivity of exiting flow hoods to non-uniformity of flows entering the device. The errors are usually large--on the order of 20% of measured flow, which is unacceptably high for most applications. Active flow hoods that have flow measurement devices that are insensitive to the entering airflow pattern were found to be clearly superior to commercially available flow hoods. In addition, it is clear that current calibration procedures for flow hoods may not take into account any field application problems and a new flow hood measurement standard should be developed to address this issue.
Walker, I.S.; Wray, C.P.; Dickerhoff, D.J.; Sherman, M.H.
AGN and Cooling Flows
For two decades the steady-state cooling-flow model has dominated the literature of cluster and elliptical-galaxy X-ray sources. For ten years this model has been in severe difficulty from a theoretical point of view, and it is now coming under increasing pressure observationally. For two decades the steady-state cooling-flow model has dominated the literature of cluster and elliptical-galaxy X-ray sources. For ten years this model has been in severe difficulty from a theoretical point of view, and it is now coming under increasing pressure observationally. A small number of enthusiasts have argued for a radically different interpretation of the data, but had little impact on prevailing opinion because the unsteady heating picture that they advocate is extremely hard to work out in detail. Here I explain why it is difficult to extract robust observational predictions from the heating picture. Major problems include the variability of the sources, the different ways in which a bi-polar flow can impact on X-ray emission, the weakness of synchrotron emission from sub-relativistic flows, and the sensitivity of synchrotron emission to a magnetic field that is probably highly localized.
Application of a high-power KrF laser for the study of supersonic gas flows and the development of hydrodynamic instabilities in layered media
The design of a miniature laser shock tube for the study of a wide range of hydrodynamic phenomena in liquids at pressures greater than 10 kbar and in supersonic flows with large Mach numbers (greater than 10) is discussed. A substance filling a chamber of quadratic cross section, with a characteristic size of several centimetres, is compressed and accelerated due to local absorption of 100 ns, 100 J KrF laser pulses near the entrance window. It is proposed to focus a laser beam by a prism raster, which provides a uniform intensity distribution over the tube cross section. The system can be used to study the hypersonic flow past objects of complex shape and the development of hydrodynamic instabilities in the case of a passage of a shock wave or a compression wave through the interfaces between different media. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)
Zvorykin, V D; Lebo, I G [P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Comprehensive Study of the Impact of Steam on Polyethyleneimine on Silica for CO{sub 2} Capture
An amine sorbent, prepared by impregnation of polyethyleneimine on silica, was tested for steam stability. The stability of the sorbent was investigated in a fixed bed reactor using multiple steam cycles of 90 vol.% H{sub 2}O/He at 105 {degrees}?C and the gas effluent was monitored with a mass spectrometer. CO{sub 2} uptake of sorbent was found to decrease with repeated exposure to steam. Characterization of the spent sorbent using N{sub 2} physisorption, SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), showed that the decrease in CO{sub 2} loading can possibly be attributed to a reagglomeration of the amine in the pores of the silica. No support effect was found in this study. The commercial SiO{sub 2} used, Cariact G10, was found to be stable under the conditions used. While it was found that subjecting the sorbent to several steam cycles decreased its CO{sub 2} uptake, a continuous exposure of the sorbent to steam did not have a significant performance impact. A silanated sorbent, consisting of a mixture of PEI and aminopropyl-triethoxysilane on SiO{sub 2} support, was also investigated for steam stability. Similarly to the non-silanated sorbent, the CO{sub 2} loading of this sorbent decreased upon steam exposure, although a mechanism for this change has not been postulated at this time.
Hammache, Sonia; Hoffman, James S.; Gray, McMahan L.; Fauth, Daniel J; Howard, Bret H.; Pennline, Henry W.
Impact of high energy high intensity proton beams on targets: Case studies for Super Proton Synchrotron and Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to collide two proton beams with unprecedented particle energy of 7 TeV. Each beam comprises 2808 bunches and the separation between two neighboring bunches is 25 ns. The energy stored in each beam is 362 MJ, sufficient to melt 500 kg copper. Safety of operation is very important when working with such powerful beams. An accidental release of even a very small fraction of the beam energy can result in severe damage to the equipment. The machine protection system is essential to handle all types of possible accidental hazards; however, it is important to know about possible consequences of failures. One of the critical failure scenarios is when the entire beam is lost at a single point. In this paper we present detailed numerical simulations of the full impact of one LHC beam on a cylindrical solid carbon target. First, the energy deposition by the protons is calculated with the FLUKA code and this energy deposition is used in the BIG2 code to study the corresponding...
Tahir, N A; Shutov, A; Schmidt, R; Piriz, A R
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Probability/Coordination Study Resident Fish and Wildlife Impacts Phase III, 1997 Annual Report.
Phase III began in 1995 with the overall goal of quantifying changes in resident fish habitat in the Snake River Basin upstream of Brownlee Reservoir resulting from the release of salmon flow augmentation water.
Leitzinger, Eric J. (Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID)
Interaction between flow, transport and vegetation spatial structure
This paper summarizes recent advances in vegetation hydrodynamics and uses the new concepts to explore not only how vegetation impacts flow and transport, but also how flow feedbacks can influence vegetation spatial ...
Momentum and scalar transport in vegetated shear flows
Environmental aquatic flows are seldom free of vegetative influence. However, the impact of submerged vegetation on the hydrodynamics and mixing processes in aquatic flows remains poorly understood. In this thesis, I present ...
Ghisalberti, Marco (Marco Andrea), 1976-
he Impact of Primary Marine Aerosol on Atmospheric Chemistry, Radiation and Climate: A CCSM Model Development Study
This project examined the potential large-scale influence of marine aerosol cycling on atmospheric chemistry, physics and radiative transfer. Measurements indicate that the size-dependent generation of marine aerosols by wind waves at the ocean surface and the subsequent production and cycling of halogen-radicals are important but poorly constrained processes that influence climate regionally and globally. A reliable capacity to examine the role of marine aerosol in the global-scale atmospheric system requires that the important size-resolved chemical processes be treated explicitly. But the treatment of multiphase chemistry across the breadth of chemical scenarios encountered throughout the atmosphere is sensitive to the initial conditions and the precision of the solution method. This study examined this sensitivity, constrained it using high-resolution laboratory and field measurements, and deployed it in a coupled chemical-microphysical 3-D atmosphere model. First, laboratory measurements of fresh, unreacted marine aerosol were used to formulate a sea-state based marine aerosol source parameterization that captured the initial organic, inorganic, and physical conditions of the aerosol population. Second, a multiphase chemical mechanism, solved using the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry�??s MECCA (Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) system, was benchmarked across a broad set of observed chemical and physical conditions in the marine atmosphere. Using these results, the mechanism was systematically reduced to maximize computational speed. Finally, the mechanism was coupled to the 3-mode modal aerosol version of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM v3.6.33). Decadal-scale simulations with CAM v.3.6.33, were run both with and without reactive-halogen chemistry and with and without explicit treatment of particulate organic carbon in the marine aerosol source function. Simulated results were interpreted (1) to evaluate influences of marine aerosol production on the microphysical properties of aerosol populations and clouds over the ocean and the corresponding direct and indirect effects on radiative transfer; (2) atmospheric burdens of reactive halogen species and their impacts on O3, NOx, OH, DMS, and particulate non-sea-salt SO42-; and (3) the global production and influences of marine-derived particulate organic carbon. The model reproduced major characteristics of the marine aerosol system and demonstrated the potential sensitivity of global, decadal-scale climate metrics to multiphase marine-derived components of Earth�??s troposphere. Due to the combined computational burden of the coupled system, the currently available computational resources were the limiting factor preventing the adequate statistical analysis of the overall impact that multiphase chemistry might have on climate-scale radiative transfer and climate.
Keene, William C. [University of Virginia] [University of Virginia; Long, Michael S. [University of Virginia] [University of Virginia
Sensitivity studies on the impacts of Tibetan Plateau snowpack pollution on the Asian hydrological cycle and monsoon climate
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest and largest plateau in the world, has long been identified to be critical in regulating the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. The snowpack and glaciers over the TP provide fresh water to billions of people in Asian countries, but the TP glaciers have been retreating extensively at a speed faster than any other part of the world. In this study a series of experiments with a global climate model are designed to simulate black carbon (BC) and dust in snow and their radiative forcing and to assess the relative impacts of anthropogenic CO2 and carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and snow, respectively, on the snowpack over the TP, as well as their subsequent impacts on the Asian monsoon climate and hydrological cycle. Results show a large BC content in snow over the TP, especially the southern slope, with concentration larger than 100 �k/kg. Because of the high aerosol content in snow and large incident solar radiation in the low latitude and high elevation, the TP exhibits the largest surface radiative forcing induced by aerosols (e.g. BC, Dust) in snow compared to other snow-covered regions in the world. The aerosol-induced snow albedo perturbations generate surface radiative forcing of 5-25 W m-2 during spring, with a maximum in April or May. BC-in-snow increases the surface air temperature by around 1.0oC averaged over the TP and reduces snowpack over the TP more than that induced by pre-industrial to present CO2 increase and carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere during spring. As a result, runoff increases during late winter and early spring but decreases during late spring and early summer (i.e. a trend toward earlier melt dates). The snowmelt efficacy, defined as the snowpack reduction per unit degree of warming induced by the forcing agent, is 1-4 times larger for BC-in-snow than CO2 increase during April-July, indicating that BC-in-snow more efficiently accelerates snowmelt because the increased net solar radiation induced by reduced albedo melts the snow more efficiently than snow melt due to warming in the air. The TP also influences the South (SAM) and East (EAM) Asian monsoon through its dynamical and thermal forcing. During boreal spring, aerosols are transported by the southwesterly and reach the higher altitude and/or deposited in the snowpack over the TP. While BC and OM in the atmosphere directly absorb sunlight and warm the air, the darkened snow surface polluted by BC absorbs more solar radiation and increases the skin temperature, which warms the air above by the increased sensible heat flux over the TP. Both effects enhance the upward motion of air and spur deep convection along the TP during pre-monsoon season, resulting in earlier onset of the SAM and increase of moisture, cloudiness and convective precipitation over northern India. BC-in-snow has a more significant impact on the EAM in July than CO2 increase and carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere. Contributed by the significant increase of both sensible heat flux associated with the warm skin temperature and latent heat flux associated with increased soil moisture with long memory, the role of the TP as a heat pump is elevated from spring through summer as the land-sea thermal contrast increases to strengthen the EAM. As a result, both southern China and northern China become wetter, but central China (i.e. Yangtze River Basin) becomes drier - a near zonal anomaly pattern that is consistent with the dominant mode of precipitation variability in East Asia. ?
Qian, Yun; Flanner, M. G.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Wang, Weiguo
Large-scale impact of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: A sensitivity study on pressure response in stratified systems
Large-scale impact of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: A sensitivity study on pressure response storage potential of all the geological CO2 storage options and are widely distributed throughout the globe in all sedimentary basins.ForCO2 storage tohaveasignificantimpact on atmospheric levels
Zhou, Quanlin
The Impact of Farmer-Field-Schools on Knowledge and Productivity: A Study of Potato Farmers in the Peruvian Andes1
1 The Impact of Farmer-Field-Schools on Knowledge and Productivity: A Study of Potato Farmers-school (FFS) program on farmers' knowledge of integrated pest management (IPM) practices related to potato practices has the potential to significantly improve productivity in potato production. U.S. General
Sadoulet, Elisabeth
Accounting for global-mean warming and scaling uncertainties in climate change impact studies Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11(3), 12071226, 2007
Accounting for global-mean warming and scaling uncertainties in climate change impact studies 1207(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Accounting for global-mean warming from a few regional climate model runs are scaled, based on different global-mean warming projections
Biodiesel: a case study of the impact of new rules regarding the classification and labelling of physical and chemical properties of chemicals
Biodiesel: a case study of the impact of new rules regarding the classification and firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com 1. Introduction Biodiesel and any co-products or intermediate chemicals produced and used from the biodiesel industry fall under the scope of the regulation
A soil microscale study to reveal the heterogeneity of Hg(II) impact on indigenous bacteria by quantication of adapted phenotypes and
toxicants. Heavy metals in soil are known to have a deleterious e¡ect on the num- bers of bacteria; RISA; Indirect enumeration 1. Introduction Bacterial response to heavy metal contamination in soil,2]). Several studies reported an impact of heavy metals at the community level using phenotypic or genetic
Thioulouse, Jean
Flow chamber
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A flow chamber having a vacuum chamber and a specimen chamber. The specimen chamber may have an opening through which a fluid may be introduced and an opening through which the fluid may exit. The vacuum chamber may have an opening through which contents of the vacuum chamber may be evacuated. A portion of the flow chamber may be flexible, and a vacuum may be used to hold the components of the flow chamber together.
Morozov, Victor (Manassas, VA)
A study of potential flow through the blade profile of a rotodynamic machine by an electrically conducting sheet analog
is called a blade cascade. Wind tunnel tests are costly and require expensive test equipment. Useful information- on particular profiles and cascade arrangements is available in the pub- lished reports. But the designer is frequently confronted...- perly designed airfoil always adjusts itself in such a manner that the velocity at the trailing edge is finite" would be satisfied. Method II: Only one flow passage between the two adjacent blade profiles was considered. Here, lift force (effect...
Varadarajan, Rasipur Narasimha
A Study of the Economic Impact of Water Impoundment Through Validity Testing of a Comparitive-Projection Model
An established economic simulation model for reservoir development was applied to ten reservoir projects throughout Texas. The model as a predictor of economic impact was given a difficult test because of the diversity of geographic, economic...
Pearson, J. E.; Heideman, K. E.
Geological flows
In this paper geology and planetology are considered using new conceptual basis of high-speed flow dynamics. Recent photo technics allow to see all details of a flow, 'cause the flow is static during very short time interval. On the other hand, maps and images of many planets are accessible. Identity of geological flows and high-speed gas dynamics is demonstrated. There is another time scale, and no more. All results, as far as the concept, are new and belong to the author. No formulae, pictures only.
Yu. N. Bratkov
Cash Flow Impacts of Industrial Steam Efficiency
is to overcome the perceptual barriers that preclude the approval of these initiatives. This article assumes that strong, financial justification is the key to the full realization of steam efficiency opportunities. That premise is followed by a step-wise review...
Russell, C.
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project probability/coordination study resident fish and wildlife impacts, Phase III. Annual report
Phase III began in 1995 with the overall goal of quantifying changes in resident fish habitat in the Snake River basin upstream of Brownlee Reservoir resulting from the release of salmon flow augmentation water. Existing data, in the form of weighted usable area versus flow relationships, were used to estimate habitat changes for white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)in the Snake River between C.J. Strike Dam and Brownlee pool. The increased flows resulted in increased white sturgeon habitat for most life stages. Rainbow trout adult and spawning habitat increased while juvenile and fry habitat generally decreased. Whether or not these short term increases in habitat result in long term benefits to the fish populations has yet to be determined.
Leitzinger, E.
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Probability/Coordination Study Resident Fish and Wildlife Impact Phase III, 1995 Annual Report.
Phase III began in 1995 with the overall goal of quantifying changes in resident fish habitat in the Snake River basin upstream of Brownlee Reservoir resulting from the release of salmon flow augmentation water. Existing data, in the form of weighted usable area versus flow relationships, were used to estimate habitat changes for white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Snake River between C.J. Strike Dam and Brownlee pool. The increased flows resulted in increased white sturgeon habitat for most life stages. Rainbow trout adult and spawning habitat increased while juvenile and fry habitat generally decreased. Whether or not these short term increases in habitat result in long term benefits to the fish populations has yet to be determined.
IEEE PES WM Panel on Modeling, Simulation and Applications of FACTS Controllers in Angle and Voltage Stability Studies, Singapore, Jan. 2000 Power Flow and Transient Stability Models of FACTS Controllers
, the Static Syn- chronous Source Series Compensator SSSC, and the Uni edPower FlowController UPFC appropriateIEEE PES WM Panel on Modeling, Simulation and Applications of FACTS Controllers in Angle and Voltage Stability Studies, Singapore, Jan. 2000 Power Flow and Transient Stability Models of FACTS
A computational study of ultrasonic film thickness measurements in annular two-phase flows under microgravity conditions
wave equation: 11 V p(x, t) ? z z' = S(x, t), o p(x, t) c'(x) cl' (2. 1) where p(x, t) is the sound pressure, c(x) is the sound speed of propagation, and S(x, t) is a time-dependent source. Equation (2. 1) is derived from conservation laws... of level liquid film with epoxy layer, 2D approximation . . . . . 55 4. 13 Return signal of level liquid film with epoxy layer, 2D approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5. 1 Maximum return amplitude vs. interfacial slope for smooth annular flow...
Pautz, Shawn Daniel
Evaluation of impacts and mitigation assessments for the UMTRA Project: Gunnison and Durango pilot studies. Final report
This report evaluates the impacts assessment and proposed mitigations provided in environmental documents concerning the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project. The projected impacts and proposed mitigations identified in UMTRA Project environmental documents were evaluated for two UMTRA Project sites. These sites are Gunnison and Durango, which are representative of currently active and inactive UMTRA Project sites, respectively. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documentation was prepared for the remedial action at Durango and Gunnison as well as for the provision of an alternate water supply system at Gunnison. Additionally, environmental analysis was completed for mill site demolition Gunnison, and for a new road related to the Durango remedial action. The results in this report pertain only to the impact assessments prepared by the Regulatory Compliance staff as a part of the NEPA compliance requirements. Similarly, the mitigative measures documented are those that were identified during the NEPA process.
Beranich, S.J. [Southwest Environmental, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
A study of pumps for the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy extraction experiment (LTFT (Long Term Flow Test))
A set of specifications for the hot dry rock (HDR) Phase II circulation pumping system is developed from a review of basic fluid pumping mechanics, a technical history of the HDR Phase I and Phase II pumping systems, a presentation of the results from experiment 2067 (the Initial Closed-Loop Flow Test or ICFT), and consideration of available on-site electrical power limitations at the experiment site. For the Phase II energy extraction experiment (the Long Term Flow Test or LTFT) it is necessary to provide a continuous, low maintenance, and highly efficient pumping capability for a period of twelve months at variable flowrates up to 420 gpm and at surface injection pressures up to 5000 psi. The pumping system must successfully withstand attacks by corrosive and embrittling gases, erosive chemicals and suspended solids, and fluid pressure and temperature fluctuations. In light of presently available pumping hardware and electric power supply limitations, it is recommended that positive displacement multiplex plunger pumps, driven by variable speed control electric motors, be used to provide the necessary continuous surface injection pressures and flowrates for LTFT. The decision of whether to purchase the required circulation pumping hardware or to obtain contractor provided pumping services has not been made.
Tatro, C.A.
Page 7 The Coronal Courant The field of space weather studies the technological and societal impacts of the solar terrestrial
impacts of the solar terrestrial relationship. This emerging field of space science has become power distribution systems. Solar storms (such as coronal mass ejections and solar flares) can cause systems, sicken or kill astronauts and cause power blackouts. Though the current solar minimum
Eustice, Ryan
1992 Colorado Economic Impact Study for the US Department of Energy and Colorado Department of Health Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project
The findings of the 1992 Colorado Economic Impact Study (CEIS) for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project are outlined below. All dollar amounts used in the study are in year-of-expenditure dollars. The total funding requirement for the State of Colorado for the UMTRA Project is estimated to be $66.8 million, or 10 percent of the remedial action costs for the UMTRA Project in Colorado. The UMTRA Project will generate $487.5 million in gross labor income in Colorado between 1983 and 1996. This includes $54.4 million in state and local tax revenues and $41.2 million in federal individual income tax revenues. The net economic benefit of the UMTRA Project to Colorado is $355.1 million. For every dollar the State of Colorado invests in the UMTRA Project, it will realize $5.32 in gross labor income. The employment impact to the Western Slope region is significant. The UMTRA Project will create a total employment impact of 13,749 fulltime equivalents (FTES) spread over. a period of 13 years in seven site areas. Nearly 100 percent of the labor will be drawn from the local communities. The State of Colorado's Western Slope is anticipated to be minimally impacted by the phaseout of the UMTRA Project. Unlike industries that shut down operations without warning, the UMTRA Project workers, local government, and businesses know the schedule for completion and can consider and prepare for the impact of UMTRA Project conclusion. Further, because the majority of the work force is local, there has not been a significant investment in each community's infrastructure. Any small increases in the infrastructure will not be abandoned at the end of the UMTRA Project due to a marked increase in migration out of the local community.
1992 Colorado Economic Impact Study for the US Department of Energy and Colorado Department of Health Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project. Preliminary final
The findings of the 1992 Colorado Economic Impact Study (CEIS) for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project are outlined below. All dollar amounts used in the study are in year-of-expenditure dollars. The total funding requirement for the State of Colorado for the UMTRA Project is estimated to be $66.8 million, or 10 percent of the remedial action costs for the UMTRA Project in Colorado. The UMTRA Project will generate $487.5 million in gross labor income in Colorado between 1983 and 1996. This includes $54.4 million in state and local tax revenues and $41.2 million in federal individual income tax revenues. The net economic benefit of the UMTRA Project to Colorado is $355.1 million. For every dollar the State of Colorado invests in the UMTRA Project, it will realize $5.32 in gross labor income. The employment impact to the Western Slope region is significant. The UMTRA Project will create a total employment impact of 13,749 fulltime equivalents (FTES) spread over. a period of 13 years in seven site areas. Nearly 100 percent of the labor will be drawn from the local communities. The State of Colorado`s Western Slope is anticipated to be minimally impacted by the phaseout of the UMTRA Project. Unlike industries that shut down operations without warning, the UMTRA Project workers, local government, and businesses know the schedule for completion and can consider and prepare for the impact of UMTRA Project conclusion. Further, because the majority of the work force is local, there has not been a significant investment in each community`s infrastructure. Any small increases in the infrastructure will not be abandoned at the end of the UMTRA Project due to a marked increase in migration out of the local community.
Study of full implicit petroleum engineering finite volume scheme for compressible two phase flow in porous media
An industrial scheme, to simulate the two compressible phase flow in porous media, consists in a finite volume method together with a phase-by-phase upstream scheme. The implicit finite volume scheme satisfies industrial constraints of robustness. We show that the proposed scheme satisfy the maximum principle for the saturation, a discrete energy estimate on the pressures and a function of the saturation that denote capillary terms. These stabilities results allow us to derive the convergence of a subsequence to a weak solution of the continuous equations as the size of the discretization tends to zero. The proof is given for the complete system when the density of the each phase depends on the own pressure.
Saad, Bilal
Time series power flow analysis for distribution connected PV generation.
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majority of the cases, system impacts can be ruled out or mitigation can be identified without an involved study, through a screening process or a simple supplemental review study. For some proposed projects, expensive and time-consuming interconnection studies are required. The challenges to performing the studies are twofold. First, every study scenario is potentially unique, as the studies are often highly specific to the amount of PV generation capacity that varies greatly from feeder to feeder and is often unevenly distributed along the same feeder. This can cause location-specific impacts and mitigations. The second challenge is the inherent variability in PV power output which can interact with feeder operation in complex ways, by affecting the operation of voltage regulation and protection devices. The typical simulation tools and methods in use today for distribution system planning are often not adequate to accurately assess these potential impacts. This report demonstrates how quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulation and high time-resolution data can be used to assess the potential impacts in a more comprehensive manner. The QSTS simulations are applied to a set of sample feeders with high PV deployment to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The report describes methods that can help determine how PV affects distribution system operations. The simulation results are focused on enhancing the understanding of the underlying technical issues. The examples also highlight the steps needed to perform QSTS simulation and describe the data needed to drive the simulations. The goal of this report is to make the methodology of time series power flow analysis readily accessible to utilities and others responsible for evaluating potential PV impacts.
Broderick, Robert Joseph; Quiroz, Jimmy Edward; Ellis, Abraham; Reno, Matthew J. [Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Smith, Jeff [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN; Dugan, Roger [Electric Power Research Institute, Knoxville, TN
Transverse transport of solutes between co-flowing pressure-driven streams for microfluidic studies of diffusion/reaction processes
We consider a situation commonly encountered in microfluidics: two streams of miscible liquids are brought at a junction to flow side by side within a microchannel, allowing solutes to diffuse from one stream to the other and possibly react. We focus on two model problems: (i) the transverse transport of a single solute from a stream into the adjacent one, (ii) the transport of the product of a diffusion-controlled chemical reaction between solutes originating from the two streams. Our description is made general through a non-dimensionalized formulation that incorporates both the parabolic Poiseuille velocity profile along the channel and thermal diffusion in the transverse direction. Numerical analysis over a wide range of the streamwise coordinate $x$ reveal different regimes. Close to the top and the bottom walls of the microchannel, the extent of the diffusive zone follows three distinct power law regimes as $x$ is increased, characterized respectively by the exponents 1/2, 1/3 and 1/2. Simple analytical arguments are proposed to account for these results.
Jean-Baptiste Salmon; Armand Ajdari
Stochastic models for turbulent reacting flows
The goal of this program is to develop and apply stochastic models of various processes occurring within turbulent reacting flows in order to identify the fundamental mechanisms governing these flows, to support experimental studies of these flows, and to further the development of comprehensive turbulent reacting flow models.
Kerstein, A. [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (United States)
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 133 (2002) 127146 Palaeomagnetic study of Oligocene (2430 Ma) lava flows from
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 133 (2002) 127146 Palaeomagnetic study of Oligocene previously obtained radiometric dates to correlate the sections [J. Petrol. 39 (4) (1998) 711; Earth Planet the composi- tion and dynamics of the Earth's core directly, one indirect method is to study the Earth
Demouchy, Sylvie
Benefits and Costs of Aggressive Energy Efficiency Programs and the Impacts of Alternative Sources of Funding: Case Study of Massachusetts
Increased interest by state (and federal) policymakers and regulatory agencies in pursuing aggressive energy efficiency efforts could deliver significant utility bill savings for customers while having long-term implications for ratepayers (e.g. potential rate impacts). Equity and distributional concerns associated with the authorized recovery of energy efficiency program costs may necessitate the pursuit of alternative program funding approaches. In 2008, Massachusetts passed the Green Communities Act which directed its energy efficiency (EE) program administrators to obtain all cost-effective EE resources. This goal has translated into achieving annual electric energy savings equivalent to a 2.4% reduction in retail sales from energy efficiency programs in 2012. Representatives of electricity consumer groups supported the new portfolio of EE programs (and the projected bill savings) but raised concerns about the potential rate impacts associated with achieving such aggressive EE goals, leading policymakers to seek out alternative funding sources which can potentially mitigate these effects. Utility administrators have also raised concerns about under-recovery of fixed costs when aggressive energy efficiency programs are pursued and have proposed ratemaking policies (e.g. decoupling) and business models that better align the utility's financial interests with the state's energy efficiency public policy goals. Quantifying these concerns and identifying ways they can be addressed are crucial steps in gaining the support of major stakeholder groups - lessons that can apply to other states looking to significantly increase savings targets that can be achieved from their own ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs. We use a pro-forma utility financial model to quantify the bill and rate impacts on electricity customers when very aggressive annual energy efficiency savings goals ({approx}2.4%) are achieved over the long-term and also assess the impact of different cost recovery approaches that integrate alternative revenue sources. We also analyze alternative lost fixed cost recovery approaches to better understand how to mitigate the erosion of utility shareholder returns in states that have adopted (and achieved) very aggressive savings targets.
Cappers, Peter; Satchwell, Andrew; Goldman, Charles; Schlegel, Jeff
Spatial Averaging of van Genuchten Hydraulic Parameters for Steady-State Flow in Heterogeneous Soils: A Numerical Study
Soils: A Numerical Study Jianting Zhu and Binayak P. Mohanty* ABSTRACT factors. Kim and Stricker (1996 al., 1988; Kim and Stricker, 1996; Kim et al., 1997; Sharma been recognized for years. Because
Mohanty, Binayak P.
Flow cytometer
A Faraday cage is described which encloses the flow chamber of a cytometer. Ground planes associated with each field deflection plate inhibit electric fields from varying the charge on designated events/droplets and further concentrates. They also increase forces applied to a passing charged event for accurate focus while concomitantly inhibiting a potential shock hazard. 4 figs.
Van den Engh, G.
The impact of different climates on window and skylight design for daylighting and passive cooling and heating in residential buildings: A comparative study
The study aims to explore the effect of different climates on window and skylight design in residential buildings. The study house is evaluated against climates that have design opportunities for passive systems, with emphasis on passive cooling. The study applies a variety of methods to evaluate the design. It has found that earth sheltering and night ventilation have the potential to provide 12--29% and 25--77% of the cooling requirements respectively for the study house in the selected climates. The reduction of the glazing area from 174 ft{sup 2} to 115 ft{sup 2} has different impacts on the cooling energy cost in the different climates. In climates such Fresno and Tucson, one should put the cooling energy savings as a priority for window design, particularly when determining the window size. In other climates such as Albuquerque, the priority of window design should be first given to heating savings requirements.
Al-Sallal, K.A.
A Case Study of Gender Bias at the Postdoctoral Level in Physics, and its Resulting Impact on the Academic Career Advancement of Females
This case study of a typical U.S. particle physics experiment explores the issues of gender bias and how it affects the academic career advancement prospects of women in the field of physics beyond the postdoctoral level; we use public databases to study the career paths of the full cohort of 57 former postdoctoral researchers on the Run II Dzero experiment to examine if males and females were treated in a gender-blind fashion on the experiment. The study finds that the female researchers were on average significantly more productive compared to their male peers, yet were allocated only 1/3 the amount of conference presentations based on their productivity. The study also finds that the dramatic gender bias in allocation of conference presentations appeared to have significant negative impact on the academic career advancement of the females.
Towers, S
Changes in the Distribution of Hepatic Arterial Blood Flow Following TIPS with Uncovered Stent and Stent-Graft: An Experimental Study
Purpose: To evaluate changes in distribution of hepatic arterial blood flow in the liver following insertion of an uncovered stent and subsequently a stent-graft in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) channel.Methods: The experiments were performed in eight healthy pigs under general anesthesia. In a pilot study in one pig, scintigraphic evaluation of arterial perfusion to the liver was done before and after inflation of a balloon in the right hepatic vein. In the other pigs, outflow from the right liver vein was checked repeatedly by contrast injection through a percutaneously inserted catheter. The arterial perfusion through the liver was examined by scintigraphy, following selective injection of macro-aggregate of 99Tcm-labeled human serum albumin 99Tcm-HSA) into the hepatic artery. This examination was done before and after creation of a TIPS with an uncovered stent and subsequently after insertion of a covered stent-graft into the cranial portion of the shunt channel. Results: In the pilot study changes in the arterial perfusion to the liver were easily detectable by scintigraphy. One pig died during the procedure and another pig was excluded due to dislodgement of the hepatic artery catheter. The inserted covered stent obstructed venous outflow from part of the right liver lobe. The 99Tcm-HSA activity in this part remained unchanged after TIPS creation with an uncovered stent. A reduction in activity was seen after insertion of a stent-graft (p0.06).Conclusion: The distribution of the hepaticarterial blood flow is affected by creation of a TIPS with a stent-graft, in the experimental pig model.
Keussen, Inger [Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund (Sweden); Song, Ho-Young [Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Bajc, Marika; Cwikiel, Wojciech [Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund (Sweden)
Session: What have studies of communications towers suggested regarding the impact of guy wires and lights on birds and bats
This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of one presentation followed by a discussion/question and answer period. The paper ''Wind turbines and Avian Risk: Lessons from Communications Towers'' was given by Paul Kerlinger. The presenter outlined lessons that have been learned from research on communications (not cell) towers and about the impacts of guy wires and lights on birds and bats and how they could be useful to wind energy developers. The paper also provided specific information about a large 'fatality' event that occurred at the Mountaineer, WC wind energy site in May 2003, and a table of Night Migrant Carcass search findings for various wind sites in the US.
Kerlinger, Paul
The impact of instrument choice on investment in abatement technologies: a case study of tax versus trade incentives for CCS and Biomass for electricity
www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk E P R G W O R K IN G P A P E R Abstract The impact of instrument choice on investment in abatement technologies: a case study of tax versus trade incentives for CCS and Biomass for electricity EPRG... for electricity and coal with carbon capture and storage. For both technologies we find that cap-and-trade schemes generate greater mean returns to such an investment than taxes, but with a wider distribution. We find that introducing price floors increase...
Laing, T; Grubb, Michael
A study of the rate of dissolution of rock salt in drilling mud flowing under down hole conditions
Profiles", Caned. J. Chem. Eng. , (1983) 61, 791-800 14. Reid, Robert C. , Prausnitz, John M. , and Sherwood, Thomas K. , The Properties Of Gases And Liquids, pp. 590-593, McGraw- Hill, Inc. , New York City (1977) 590-593, 43 APPENDIX A VISCOSITY... Pfeifle of RE/SPEC Inc. , Rapid City, SD, for preparation and donation of the salt specimens used in this study. Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND. Page . 1 OBJECTIVES. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS. MATERIALS. OPERATING PROCEDURES...
Forsyth, Jackie Lee
A real two-phase submarine debris flow and tsunami
The general two-phase debris flow model proposed by Pudasaini is employed to study subaerial and submarine debris flows, and the tsunami generated by the debris impact at lakes and oceans. The model, which includes three fundamentally new and dominant physical aspects such as enhanced viscous stress, virtual mass, and generalized drag (in addition to buoyancy), constitutes the most generalized two-phase flow model to date. The advantage of this two-phase debris flow model over classical single-phase, or quasi-two-phase models, is that the initial mass can be divided into several parts by appropriately considering the solid volume fraction. These parts include a dry (landslide or rock slide), a fluid (water or muddy water; e.g., dams, rivers), and a general debris mixture material as needed in real flow simulations. This innovative formulation provides an opportunity, within a single framework, to simultaneously simulate the sliding debris (or landslide), the water lake or ocean, the debris impact at the lake or ocean, the tsunami generation and propagation, the mixing and separation between the solid and fluid phases, and the sediment transport and deposition process in the bathymetric surface. Applications of this model include (a) sediment transport on hill slopes, river streams, hydraulic channels (e.g., hydropower dams and plants); lakes, fjords, coastal lines, and aquatic ecology; and (b) submarine debris impact and the rupture of fiber optic, submarine cables and pipelines along the ocean floor, and damage to offshore drilling platforms. Numerical simulations reveal that the dynamics of debris impact induced tsunamis in mountain lakes or oceans are fundamentally different than the tsunami generated by pure rock avalanches and landslides. The analysis includes the generation, amplification and propagation of super tsunami waves and run-ups along coastlines, debris slide and deposition at the bottom floor, and debris shock waves. It is observed that the submarine debris speed can be faster than the tsunami speed. This information can be useful for early warning strategies in the coastal regions. These findings substantially increase our understanding of complex multi-phase systems and multi-physics and flows, and allows for the proper modeling of landslide and debris induced tsunami, the dynamics of turbidity currents and sediment transport, and the associated applications to hazard mitigation, geomorphology and sedimentology.
Pudasaini, Shiva P.; Miller, Stephen A. [Department of Geodynamics and Geophysics, Steinmann Institute, University of Bonn Nussallee 8, D-53115, Bonn (Germany)
Numerical modeling of an all vanadium redox flow battery.
We develop a capability to simulate reduction-oxidation (redox) flow batteries in the Sierra Multi-Mechanics code base. Specifically, we focus on all-vanadium redox flow batteries; however, the capability is general in implementation and could be adopted to other chemistries. The electrochemical and porous flow models follow those developed in the recent publication by [28]. We review the model implemented in this work and its assumptions, and we show several verification cases including a binary electrolyte, and a battery half-cell. Then, we compare our model implementation with the experimental results shown in [28], with good agreement seen. Next, a sensitivity study is conducted for the major model parameters, which is beneficial in targeting specific features of the redox flow cell for improvement. Lastly, we simulate a three-dimensional version of the flow cell to determine the impact of plenum channels on the performance of the cell. Such channels are frequently seen in experimental designs where the current collector plates are borrowed from fuel cell designs. These designs use a serpentine channel etched into a solid collector plate.
Clausen, Jonathan R.; Brunini, Victor E.; Moffat, Harry K.; Martinez, Mario J.
An experimental and computational study of moderately underexpanded rocket exhaust plumes in a co-flowing hypersonic free stream
Rocket plume exhaust structures are aerodynamically and thermochemically very complex and the prediction of plume properties such as temperature, velocity, pressure, chemical species concentrations and turbulence properties is a formidable task as there are no definitive models for viscous and chemical effects. Contemporary computational techniques are still in their infancy and cannot yet reliably predict plume properties. Only through validation of computer codes using experimental data, can computational models be developed to the point where they can be confidently used as design and predictive tools. The motivation for this study was to acquire well defined data for rocket plumes at low altitude hypersonic flight conditions so that the above issues could be investigated.
Morris, N.; Buttsworth, D.; Jones, T.; Brescianini, C. [Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)]|[Macquarie Univ., Sydney (Australia)
SFTEL: Flow Cell | EMSL
Flow Cell EMSL's Subsurface Flow and Transport Experimental Laboratory offers several meter-scale flow cells and columns for research in saturated and unsaturated porous media....
How Do High Levels of Wind and Solar Impact the Grid? The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study
This paper is a brief introduction to the scope of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS), inputs and scenario development, and the key findings of the study.
Lew, D.; Piwko, D.; Miller, N.; Jordan, G.; Clark, K.; Freeman, L.
The Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) has requested that the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to assess the impact of a 100K gallon decant volume from Tank 40H on the existing sludge-only Sludge Batch 4 (SB4)-Frit 510 flowsheet and the coupled operations flowsheet (SB4 with the Actinide Removal Process (ARP)). Another potential SB4 flowsheet modification of interest includes the addition of 3 wt% sodium (on a calcined oxide basis) to a decanted sludge-only or coupled operations flowsheet. These potential SB4 flowsheet modifications could result in significant compositional shifts to the SB4 system. This paper study provides an assessment of the impact of these compositional changes to the projected glass operating windows and to the variability study for the Frit 510-SB4 system. The influence of the compositional changes on melt rate was not assessed in this study nor was it requested. Nominal Stage paper study assessments were completed using the projected compositions for the various flowsheet options coupled with Frit 510 (i.e., variation was not applied to the sludge and frit compositions). In order to gain insight into the impacts of sludge variation and/or frit variation (due to the procurement specifications) on the projected operating windows, three versions of the Variation Stage assessment were performed: (1) the traditional Variation Stage assessment in which the nominal Frit 510 composition was coupled with the extreme vertices (EVs) of each sludge, (2) an assessment of the impact of possible frit variation (within the accepted frit specification tolerances) on each nominal SB4 option, and (3) an assessment of the impact of possible variation in the Frit 510 composition due to the vendor's acceptance specifications coupled with the EVs of each sludge case. The results of the Nominal Stage assessment indicate very little difference among the various flowsheet options. All of the flowsheets provide DWPF with the possibility of targeting waste loadings (WLs) from the low 30s to the low 40s with Frit 510. In general, the Tank 40H decant has a slight negative impact on the operating window, but DWPF still has the ability to target current WLs (34%) and higher WLs if needed. While the decant does not affect practical WL targets in DWPF, melt rate could be reduced due to the lower Na{sub 2}O content. If true, the addition of 3 wt% Na{sub 2}O to the glass system may regain melt rate, assuming that the source of alkali is independent of the impact on melt rate. Coupled operations with Frit 510 via the addition of ARP to the decanted SB4 flowsheet also appears to be viable based on the projected operating windows. The addition of both ARP and 3 wt% Na{sub 2}O to a decanted Tank 40H sludge may be problematic using Frit 510. Although the Nominal Stage assessments provide reasonable operating windows for the SB4 flowsheets being considered with Frit 510, introduction of potential sludge and/or frit compositional variation does have a negative impact. The magnitude of the impact on the projected operating windows is dependent on the specific flowsheet options as well as the applied variation. The results of the traditional Variation Stage assessments indicate that the three proposed Tank 40H decanted flowsheet options (Case No.2--100K gallon decant, Case No.3--100K gallon decant and 3 wt% Na{sub 2}O addition and Case No.4--100K gallon decant and ARP) demonstrate a relatively high degree of robustness to possible sludge variation over WLs of interest with Frit 510. However, the case where the addition of both ARP and 3 wt% Na{sub 2}O is considered was problematic during the traditional Variation Stage assessment. The impact of coupling the frit specifications with the nominal SB4 flowsheet options on the projected operating windows is highly dependent on whether the upper WLs are low viscosity or liquidus temperature limited in the Nominal Stage assessments. Systems that are liquidus temperature limited exhibit a high degree of robustness to the applied frit and sludge variation, while those that are low viscosity li
Raszewski, F; Tommy Edwards, T; David Peeler, D
Non-Newtonian behavior and molecular structure of Cooee bitumen under shear flow: a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study
The rheology and molecular structure of a model bitumen (Cooee bitumen) under shear is investigated in the non-Newtonian regime using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The shear viscosity and normal stress differences of the bitumen mixture are computed at different shear rates and different temperatures. The model bitumen is shown to be a shear-thinning fluid. The corresponding molecular structure is studied at the same shear rates and temperatures. The Cooee bitumen is able to reproduce experimental results showing the formation of nanoaggregates composed of stacks of flat aromatic molecules. These nanoaggregates are immersed in a solvent of saturated hydrocarbon molecules. The nanoaggregates are shown to break up at very high shear rates, leading only to a minor effect on the viscosity of the mixture. At low shear rates, bitumen can be seen as a colloidal suspension of nanoaggregates in a solvent. The slight anisotropy of the whole sample due to the nanoaggregates is considered and quantified...
Lemarchand, Claire A; Todd, Billy D; Daivis, Peter J; Hansen, Jesper S
Fluctuating initial conditions and fluctuations in elliptic and triangular flow
In heavy ion collisions, event-by-event fluctuations in participating nucleon positions can lead to triangular flow. With fluctuating initial conditions, flow coefficients will also fluctuate. In a hydrodynamic model, we study the fluctuations in elliptic and triangular flow, due to fluctuating initial conditions. Both elliptic and triangular flow fluctuates strongly, triangular flow more strongly than the elliptic flow. Strong fluctuations greatly reduce the sensitivity of elliptic and triangular flow to viscosity.
A. K. Chaudhuri
Modeling and Experimental Studies of Mercury Oxidation and Adsorption in a Fixed-Bed and Entrained-Flow Reactor
This report presents experimental and modeling mercury oxidation and adsorption data. Fixed-bed and single-particle models of mercury adsorption were developed. The experimental data were obtained with two reactors: a 300-W, methane-fired, tubular, quartz-lined reactor for studying homogeneous oxidation reactions and a fixed-bed reactor, also of quartz, for studying heterogeneous reactions. The latter was attached to the exit of the former to provide realistic combustion gases. The fixed-bed reactor contained one gram of coconut-shell carbon and remained at a temperature of 150oC. All methane, air, SO2, and halogen species were introduced through the burner to produce a radical pool representative of real combustion systems. A Tekran 2537A Analyzer coupled with a wet conditioning system provided speciated mercury concentrations. At 150?C and in the absence of HCl or HBr, the mercury uptake was about 20%. The addition of 50 ppm HCl caused complete capture of all elemental and oxidized mercury species. In the absence of halogens, SO2 increased the mercury adsorption efficiency to up to 30 percent. The extent of adsorption decreased with increasing SO2 concentration when halogens were present. Increasing the HCl concentration to 100 ppm lessened the effect of SO2. The fixed-bed model incorporates Langmuir adsorption kinetics and was developed to predict adsorption of elemental mercury and the effect of multiple flue gas components. This model neglects intraparticle diffusional resistances and is only applicable to pulverized carbon sorbents. It roughly describes experimental data from the literature. The current version includes the ability to account for competitive adsorption between mercury, SO2, and NO2. The single particle model simulates in-flight sorbent capture of elemental mercury. This model was developed to include Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, rate equations, sorbent feed rate, and intraparticle diffusion. The Freundlich isotherm more accurately described in-flight mercury capture. Using these parameters, very little intraparticle diffusion was evident. Consistent with other data, smaller particles resulted in higher mercury uptake due to available surface area. Therefore, it is important to capture the particle size distribution in the model. At typical full-scale sorbent feed rates, the calculations underpredicted adsorption, suggesting that wall effects can account for as much as 50 percent of the removal, making it an important factor in entrained-mercury adsorption models.
Buitrago, Paula A; Morrill, Mike; Lighty, JoAnn S; Silcox, Geoffrey D
The rheology and molecular structure of a model bitumen (Cooee bitumen) under shear is investigated in the non-Newtonian regime using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The shear viscosity and normal stress differences of the bitumen mixture are computed at different shear rates and different temperatures. The model bitumen is shown to be a shear-thinning fluid. The corresponding molecular structure is studied at the same shear rates and temperatures. The Cooee bitumen is able to reproduce experimental results showing the formation of nanoaggregates composed of stacks of flat aromatic molecules. These nanoaggregates are immersed in a solvent of saturated hydrocarbon molecules. The nanoaggregates are shown to break up at very high shear rates, leading only to a minor effect on the viscosity of the mixture. At low shear rates, bitumen can be seen as a colloidal suspension of nanoaggregates in a solvent. The slight anisotropy of the whole sample due to the nanoaggregates is considered and quantified. The alignment of docosane molecules due to form and intrinsic birefringence and its effect on the rheological properties of the mixture are discussed. The stress optical rule is shown to be valid only in a limited range of shear rates at high temperatures, because this rule neglects the presence of other molecule types than docosane at high shear rates and the effect of intermolecular alignment, which gets more pronounced at high shear rates.
Claire A. Lemarchand; Nicholas P. Bailey; Billy D. Todd; Peter J. Daivis; Jesper S. Hansen
Collective flow properties of intermediate mass fragments and isospin effects in fragmentation at Fermi energies
Within a microscopic transport model (Stochastic Mean Field) we analyze the collective flow properties associated to the intermediate mass fragments produced in nuclear fragmentation. We study the transverse and elliptic flow parameters for each rank in mass hierarchy. The results are plotted for {sup 124}Sn + {sup 124}Sn systems at an energy of 50AMeV and for an impact parameter b=4fm. The correlation with the dynamics of the isospin degree of freedom is also discussed and the results are presented for the same systems.
Baran, V.; Zus, R. [University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, P.O. Box MG-11, RO - 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Colonna, M. [Laboratori Nazionali del Sud INFN, Catania (Italy); Di Toro, M. [Laboratori Nazionali del Sud INFN, Catania, Italy and Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Catania (Italy)
Impacts of Market and Technical Characteristics for Developments of Photovoltaic Industry- A Study of Japanese Photovoltaic Industry.
??The thesis discusses the restrictions of photovoltaic industrial market and technical characteristics, and the reactions of Japanese government and photovoltaic industry. Furthermore, this thesis studies� (more)
Hu, Jung-Yu
Cell Phone Cyberbullying's Impact on Victims' Attendance, Academics, and Social and Personal Life in School: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study.
??The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to describe and understand the shared experiences of five students in a medium-sized public high school in� (more)
Heltzel, Nathan
Do Web 2.0 social media impact transnational social advocacy? : a study of South African civil society and Greenpeace.
??This study focuses on how civil society organisations deploy Web 2.0 technologies for transnational social advocacy, the context of this technology use, and the effect� (more)
Pillay, Kirubagaran Jagathesan.
1992 North Dakota Economic Impact Study for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project, Belfield and Bowman, North Dakota. Preliminary final report
The goal of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project in North Dakota is to improve the environment and reduce the negative health effects associated with residual radioactive material (RRM) from the inactive processing sites at Belfield and Bowman, North Dakota. A secondary benefit of the UMTRA Project is economic gain. The 1992 North Dakota Economic Impact Study (NDEIS) analyzes the impact of the remedial actions at the inactive Belfield and Bowman processing sites and their associated vicinity properties. This analysis is based on the assumption that the state of North Dakota will provide 10 percent of the funding required for remediation. For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests in the Belfield and Bowman onsite portion of the UMTRA Project, it will realize $5.04 in gross labor income (i.e., gross labor income divided by the state`s total funding requirement). For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests, it will realize a net return of $3.04 (i.e., net benefit divided by the state`s total funding requirement). This reflects only labor expenditure and employment impact. ff state and local non-labor tax benefits were considered in the net economic benefit, North Dakota could receive significantly more than $3.04 for each dollar it invests. The UMTRA Project work at Belfield and Bowman will benefit the state of North Dakota. Benefits include a reduction in the negative health effects caused by low-level RRM, an improvement in the environment, and increased economic growth.
Microgravity flow pattern identification using void fraction signals
Knowledge of the two-phase flow state is fundamental for two-phase flow system design and operation. In traditional two-phase flow studies, the flow regime refers to the physical location of the gas and liquid in a conduit. Flow configuration...
Valota, Luca
Measurement of flow maldistribution in parallel channels and its application to ex-situ and in-situ experiments in PEMFC water management studies
to sig- nificant reduction in effectiveness for high NTU heat exchangers [1], about 7% for condensers in the effective operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Presently there are a few theoretically effects, two-phase separation and resultant flow non-uniformity. (b) Uneven flow resistances
The transition from two phase bubble flow to slug flow
The process of transition from bubble to slug flow in a vertical pipe has been studied analytically and experimentally. An equation is presented which gives the agglomeration time as a function of void fraction, channel ...
Radovcich, Nick A.
Erosion and Sediment Damages and Economic Impacts of Potential 208 Controls: A Summary of Five Watershed Studies in Texas
This report summarizes results of economic analyses of erosion and sedimentation in five agricultural watersheds in Texas (see fig. 1). Economic analyses of the study areas considered both the on-farm economics of soil conservation and the economic...
Taylor, C. R.; Reneau, D. R.; Harris, B. L.
Decoupling market incumbency from organizational experience : a study of biotechnology's impact on the market for anti-cancer drugs
In studies of creative destruction, scholars agree that, within research-intensive industries, the demise of incumbents is significantly determined by their lower productivity in researching the radically new technology ...
Sosa, M. Lourdes (Mar�a de Lourdes)
Gyrotactic trapping in laminar and turbulent Kolmogorov flow
Phytoplankton patchiness, namely the heterogeneous distribution of microalgae over multiple spatial scales, dramatically impacts marine ecology. A spectacular example of such heterogeneity occurs in thin phytoplankton layers (TPLs), where large numbers of photosynthetic microorganisms are found within a small depth interval. Some species of motile phytoplankton can form TPLs by gyrotactic trapping due to the interplay of their particular swimming style (directed motion biased against gravity) and the transport by a flow with shear along the direction of gravity. Here we consider gyrotactic swimmers in numerical simulations of the Kolmogorov shear flow, both in laminar and turbulent regimes. In the laminar case, we show that the swimmer motion is integrable and the formation of TPLs can be fully characterized by means of dynamical systems tools. We then study the effects of rotational Brownian motion or turbulent fluctuations (appearing when the Reynolds number is large enough) on TPLs. In both cases we show that TPLs become transient, and we characterize their persistence.
Francesco Santamaria; Filippo De Lillo; Massimo Cencini; Guido Boffetta
Fluid Flow Modeling in Fractures
In this paper we study fluid flow in fractures using numerical simulation and address the challenging issue of hydraulic property characterization in fractures. The methodology is based on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ...
Sarkar, Sudipta
Subcooled flow boiling of fluorocarbons
A study was conducted of heat transfer and hydrodynamic behavior for subcooled flow boiling of Freon-113, one of a group of fluorocarbons suitable for use in cooling of high-power-density electronic components. Problems ...
Murphy, Richard Walter
Wind Turbine Blade Flow Fields and Prospects for Active Aerodynamic Control: Preprint
This paper describes wind turbine flow fields that can cause adverse aerodynamic loading and can impact active aerodynamic control methodologies currently contemplated for wind turbine applications.
Schreck, S.; Robinson, M.
Visualization of Flow Patterns in the Bonneville 2nd Powerhouse Forebay
Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are increasingly being used to study forebay and tailrace flow systems associated with hydroelectric projects. This paper describes the fundamentals of creating effective 3D data visualizations from CFD model results using a case study from the Bonneville Dam. These visualizations enhance the utility of CFD models by helping the researcher and end user better understand the model results. To develop visualizations for the Bonneville Dam forebay model, we used specialized, but commonly available software and a standard high-end microprocessor workstation. With these tools we were able to compare flow patterns among several operational scenarios by producing a variety of contour, vector, stream-trace, and vortex-core plots. The differences in flow patterns we observed could impact efforts to divert downstream-migrating fish around powerhouse turbines.
Serkowski, John A.; Rakowski, Cynthia L.; Ebner, Laurie L.
The Impact of Cost and Network Topology on Urban Mobility: A Study of Public Bicycle Usage in 2 U.S. Cities
Understanding the drivers of urban mobility is vital for epidemiology, urban planning, and communication networks. Human movements have so far been studied by observing people's positions in a given space and time, though most recent models only implicitly account for expected costs and returns for movements. This paper explores the explicit impact of cost and network topology on mobility dynamics, using data from 2 city-wide public bicycle share systems in the USA. User mobility is characterized through the distribution of trip durations, while network topology is characterized through the pairwise distances between stations and the popularity of stations and routes. Despite significant differences in station density and physical layout between the 2 cities, trip durations follow remarkably similar distributions that exhibit cost sensitive trends around pricing point boundaries, particularly with long-term users of the system. Based on the results, recommendations for dynamic pricing and incentive schemes ar...
Jurdak, Raja
Interim Results from a Study of the Impacts of Tin (II) Based Mercury Treatment in a Small Stream Ecosystem: Tims Branch, Savannah River Site
A research team is assessing the impacts of an innovative mercury treatment system in Tims Branch, a small southeastern stream. The treatment system, installed in 2007, reduces and removes inorganic mercury from water using tin(II) (stannous) chloride addition followed by air stripping. The system results in discharge of inorganic tin to the ecosystem. This screening study is based on historical information combined with measurements of contaminant concentrations in water, fish, sediment, biofilms and invertebrates. Initial mercury data indicate that first few years of mercury treatment resulted in a significant decrease in mercury concentration in an upper trophic level fish, redfin pickerel, at all sampling locations in the impacted reach. For example, the whole body mercury concentration in redfin pickerel collected from the most impacted pond decreased approximately 72% between 2006 (pre-treatment) and 2010 (post-treatment). Over this same period, mercury concentrations in the fillet of redfin pickerel in this pond were estimated to have decreased from approximately 1.45 {micro}g/g (wet weight basis) to 0.45 {micro}g/g - a decrease from 4.8x to 1.5x the current EPA guideline concentration for mercury in fillet (0.3 {micro}g/g). Thermodynamic modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and other sampling data for tin suggest that particulate tin (IV) oxides are a significant geochemical species entering the ecosystem with elevated levels of tin measured in surficial sediments and biofilms. Detectable increases in tin in sediments and biofilms extended approximately 3km from the discharge location. Tin oxides are recalcitrant solids that are relatively non-toxic and resistant to dissolution. Work continues to develop and validate methods to analyze total tin in the collected biota samples. In general, the interim results of this screening study suggest that the treatment process has performed as predicted and that the concentration of mercury in upper trophic level fish, as a surrogate for all of the underlying transport and transformation processes in a complex ecosystem, has declined as a direct result of the elimination of inorganic mercury inputs. Inorganic tin released to the ecosystem has been found in compartments where particles accumulate with notable levels measured in biofilms.
Looney, Brian [Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL); BryanJr., Larry [Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; Mathews, Teresa J [ORNL; Peterson, Mark J [ORNL; Roy, W Kelly [ORNL; Jett, Robert T [ORNL; Smith, John G [ORNL
This case study of a typical U.S. particle physics experiment explores the issues of gender bias and how it affects the academic career advancement prospects of women in the field of physics beyond the postdoctoral level; we use public databases to study the career paths of the full cohort of 57 former postdoctoral researchers on the Run II Dzero experiment to examine if males and females were treated in a gender-blind fashion on the experiment. The study finds that the female researchers were on average significantly more productive compared to their male peers, yet were allocated only 1/3 the amount of conference presentations based on their productivity. The study also finds that the dramatic gender bias in allocation of conference presentations appeared to have significant negative impact on the academic career advancement of the females. The author has a PhD in particle physics and worked for six years as a postdoctoral research scientist, five of which were spent collaborating at Fermilab. She is currently completing a graduate degree in statistics.
S. Towers
Impact of Concomitant Chemotherapy on Outcomes of Radiation Therapy for Head-and-Neck Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Purpose: Clinical trials have shown that the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy (RT) improves survival in advanced head-and-neck cancer. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness of concomitant chemoradiation therapy (C-CRT) in routine practice. Methods and Materials: This was a population-based cohort study. Electronic records of treatment from all provincial cancer centers were linked to a population--based cancer registry to describe the adoption of C-CRT for head-and-neck cancer patients in Ontario, Canada. The study population was then divided into pre- and postadoption cohorts, and their outcomes were compared. Results: Between 1992 and 2008, 18,867 patients had diagnoses of head-and-neck cancer in Ontario, of whom 7866 (41.7%) were treated with primary RT. The proportion of primary RT cases that received C-CRT increased from 2.2% in the preadoption cohort (1992-1998) to 39.3% in the postadoption cohort (2003-2008). Five-year survival among all primary RT cases increased from 43.6% in the preadoption cohort to 51.8% in the postadoption cohort (P<.001). Over the same period, treatment-related hospital admissions increased significantly, but there was no significant increase in treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: C-CRT was widely adopted in Ontario after 2003, and its adoption was temporally associated with an improvement in survival.
Gupta, Shlok; Kong, Weidong [Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen�s Cancer Research Institute, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada); Booth, Christopher M. [Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen�s Cancer Research Institute, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada); Department of Oncology, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada); Mackillop, William J., E-mail: email@example.com [Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen�s Cancer Research Institute, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada); Department of Oncology, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada); Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario (Canada)
Understanding the dynamics of a two-phase flow (liquid and gas) has been studied quite extensively over the past. This problem is indeed of direct relevance for many areas such
be trapped on the ground because of the presence of an obstacle. The studied products were propane, butane set-up, and pressure storage. 1 INTRODUCTION In many chemical and process plants, gas are stored for the understanding of the flow inside the pipe. The net of pipes linking the storage and the nozzle are composed
Numerical Simulation of Flow Field Inside a Squeeze Film Damper and the Study of the Effect of Cavitation on the Pressure Distribution
of SFDs can be expensive and time consuming. The current work simulates the flow field inside the dynamically deforming annular gap of a SFD using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent and compares the results to the experimental...
Khandare, Milind Nandkumar
Limitation of multi-particle correlations for studying the event-by-event distribution of harmonic flow in heavy-ion collisions
The sensitivity of flow harmonics from cumulants on the event-by-event flow distribution $p(v_n)$ is investigated using a simple central moment expansion approach. For narrow distribution whose width is much smaller than the mean $\\sigma_n\\ll $, the difference between the first three higher-order cumulant estimates $v_n\\{4\\}$, $v_n\\{6\\}$ and $v_n\\{8\\}$ are not very sensitive to the shape of $p(v_n)$. For broad distribution $\\sigma_n\\gtrsim $, the higher-order cumulant estimates differ from each other but may change sign and become ill-defined. This sign change arises from the choice of $p(v_n)$, without the need to invoke non-flow effects. Direct extraction of $p(v_n)$ via a data-driven unfolding method is a more preferred approach for flow distribution measurement.
Jiangyong Jia; Sooraj Krishnann
Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of water spray impact and transport over a cylinder.
This study compares experimental measurements and numerical simulations of liquid droplets over heated (to a near surface temperature of 423 K) and unheated cylinders. The numerical model is based on an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation using a stochastic separated flow (SSF) approach for the droplets that includes submodels for droplet dispersion, heat and mass transfer, and impact on a solid surface. The details of the droplet impact model are presented and the model is used to simulate water spray impingement on a cylinder. Computational results are compared with experimental measurements using phase Doppler interferometry (PDI).
Avedisian, C. T. (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY); Presser, Cary (National Institute of Standard & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD); DesJardin, Paul Edward (University at Buffalo, New York, NY); Hewson, John C.; Yoon, Sam Sukgoo
A computational evaluation of a particle collector design was performed to evaluate the behavior of aerosol particles in a fast flowing gas stream. The objective of the work was to improve the collection efficiency of the device while maintaining a minimum specified air throughput, nominal collector size, and minimal power requirements. The impact of a range of parameters was considered subject to constraints on gas flow rate, overall collector dimensions, and power limitations. Potential improvements were identified, some of which have already been implemented. Other more complex changes were identified and are described here for further consideration. In addition, fruitful areas for further study are proposed.
Lee, S; Richard Dimenna, R
Mass Dependence of Directed Collective Flow
Sidewards directed fragment flow has been extracted for {sup 84}Kr+{sup 197}Au collisions at {ital E}/{ital A}=200 MeV, using techniques that are free of reaction plane dispersion. The fragment flow per nucleon increases with mass, following a thermal or coalescencelike behavior, and attains roughly constant limiting values at 4{le}{ital A}{le}12. Comparisons of the impact parameter dependences of the measured coalescence-invariant proton flow to Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations clearly favor a momentum dependent nuclear mean field. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Huang, M.J.; Lemmon, R.C.; Daffin, F.; Lynch, W.G.; Schwarz, C.; Tsang, M.B.; Williams, C.; Danielewicz, P.; Haglin, K.; Bauer, W.; Carlin, N.; Charity, R.J.; de Souza, R.T.; Gelbke, C.K.; Hsi, W.C.; Kunde, G.J.; Lemaire, M.; Lisa, M.A.; Lynen, U.; Peaslee, G.F.; Pochodzalla, J.; Sann, H.; Sobotka, L.G.; Souza, S.R.; Trautmann, W. [National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States)] [National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); [Laboratoire National SATURNE, CEN Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); [Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 (United States); [Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung, D-6100 Darmstadt 11 (Germany); [Indiana University Cyclotron Facility and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 (United States); [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CEP 01498, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartment ofDepartment ofof EnergyYou$ EGcG ENERGYELIkNATIONHEALXH: l ._ .r. .- .'A STUDY
Flow Imaging Using MRI: Quantification and Analysis
&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Jim Ji Committee Members, Andrew K. Chan Deepa Kundur Yoonsuck Choe Mary P. McDougall Head of Department, Costas N... Committee: Dr. Jim Ji A complex and challenging problem in flow study is to obtain quantitative flow information in opaque systems, for example, blood flow in biological systems and flow channels in chemical reactors. In this regard, MRI is superior...
Jiraraksopakun, Yuttapong
Constraints on flow regimes in wide-aperture fractures
In recent years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the complex flow processes in individual fractures, aided by flow visualization experiments and conceptual modeling efforts. These advances have led to the recognition of several flow regimes in individual fractures subjected to different initial and boundary conditions. Of these, the most important regimes are film flow, rivulet flow, and sliding of droplets. The existence of such significantly dissimilar flow regimes has been a major hindrance in the development of self-consistent conceptual models of flow for single fractures that encompass all the flow regimes. The objective of this study is to delineate the existence of the different flow regimes in individual fractures. For steady-state flow conditions, we developed physical constraints on the different flow regimes that satisfy minimum energy configurations, which enabled us to segregate the wide range of fracture transmissivity (volumetric flow rate per fracture width) into several flow regimes. These are, in increasing order of flow rate, flow of adsorbed films, flow of sliding drops, rivulet flow, stable film flow, and unstable (turbulent) film flow. The scope of this study is limited to wide-aperture fractures with the flow on the opposing sides of fracture being independent.
Ghezzehei, Teamrat A.
Impact of Screening on Behavior During Storage and Cost of Ground Small-Diameter Pine Trees: A Case Study
Whole comminuted trees are known to self-heat and undergo quality changes during storage. Trommel screening after grinding is a process that removes fines from the screened material and removes a large proportion of high-ash, high-nutrient material. In this study, the trade-off between an increase in preprocessing cost from trommel screening and an increase in quality of the screened material was examined. Fresh lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) was comminuted using a drum grinder with a 10-cm screen, and the resulting material was distributed into separate fines and overs piles. A third pile of unscreened material, the unsorted pile, was also examined. The three piles exhibited different characteristics during a 6-week storage period. The overs pile was much slower to heat. The overs pile reached a maximum temperature of 56.88 degrees C, which was lower than the maximum reached by the other two piles (65.98 degrees C and 63.48 degrees C for the unsorted and fines, respectively). The overs also cooled faster and dried to a more uniform moisture content and had a lower ash content than the other two piles. Both piles of sorted material exhibited improved airflow and more drying than the unsorted material. Looking at supply system costs from preprocessing through in-feed into thermochemical conversion, this study found that trommel screening reduced system costs by over $3.50 per dry matter ton and stabilized material during storage.
Erin Searcy; Brad D Blackwelder; Mark E Delwiche; Allison E Ray; Kevin L Kenney
Planning for Climate Change in Low-Impact Development Projects: A Case Study of the Sunset Swales Parking Lot Retrofit in San Francisco
water quality flow performance indicator is 0.2 in/hr (less0.2 in/hr as the performance indicator for water quality
Conrad, Esther
Low volume flow meter
The low flow monitor provides a means for determining if a fluid flow meets a minimum threshold level of flow. The low flow monitor operates with a minimum of intrusion by the flow detection device into the flow. The electrical portion of the monitor is externally located with respect to the fluid stream which allows for repairs to the monitor without disrupting the flow. The electronics provide for the adjustment of the threshold level to meet the required conditions. The apparatus can be modified to provide an upper limit to the flow monitor by providing for a parallel electronic circuit which provides for a bracketing of the desired flow rate.
Meixler, Lewis D. (East Windsor, NJ)
Nash reservoir management study with stochastic images -- A case study
An application of geostatistical modeling in the context of a full-field reservoir model study of the Northeast Nash waterflood is described. Geostatistics provides value in preparing and quickly modifying a self-consistent model of reservoir geology. It does not, however, provide a complete description of all the geologic features that impact fluid flow. A rationale for selecting a stochastic description instead of a deterministic description is presented.
Fanchi, J.R.; Meng, H.Z.; Stoltz, R.P.; Owen, M.W.
A study of ozone in the surface layer of Kiev and its impact on the human health
Ground-level ozone in Kiev for an episode of its high concentration in August 2000 was simulated with the model of the urban air pollution UAM-V (Urban Airshed Model). The study of total ozone over Kiev and its concentration changes with height in the troposphere is made on the basis of ground-based observations with the infrared Fourier spectrometer at the Main Astronomical Observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as a part of the ESA-NIVR-KNMI no 2907. In 2008 the satellite Aura-OMI data OMO3PR on the atmosphere ozone profiles became available. Beginning in 2005, these data include the ozone concentration in the lower layer of the atmosphere and can be used for the evaluation of the ground-level ozone concentrations in all cities of Ukraine. Some statistical investigation of ozone air pollution in Kiev and medical statistics data on respiratory system was carried out with the application of the "Statistica" package. The regression analysis, prognostic regression simulation, and retrospective p...
Shavrina, A V; Kiforenko, S I; Sheminova, V A; Veles, A A; Blum, O B
A Multi-Wavelength Study of Low Redshift Cluster of Galaxies II. Environmental Impact on Galaxy Growth
Galaxy clusters provide powerful laboratories for the study of galaxy evolution, particularly the origin of correlations of morphology and star formation rate (SFR) with density. We construct visible to MIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of cluster galaxies and use them to measure stellar masses and SFRs in eight low redshift clusters, which we examine as a function of environment. A partial correlation analysis indicates that SFR depends strongly on R/R200 (>99.9% confidence) and is independent of projected local density at fixed radius. SFR also shows no residual dependence on stellar mass. We therefore conclude that interactions with the intra-cluster medium drive the evolution of SFRs in cluster galaxies. A merged sample of galaxies from the five most complete clusters shows \\propto(R/R200)^(1.3+/-0.7) for galaxies with R/R200<0.4. A decline in the fraction of SFGs toward the cluster center contributes most of this effect, but it is accompanied by a reduction in SFRs among star-forming galaxies (...
Atlee, David W
Utilizing CLASIC observations and multiscale models to study the impact of improved Land surface representation on modeling cloud- convection
The CLASIC experiment was conducted over the US southern great plains (SGP) in June 2007 with an objective to lead an enhanced understanding of the cumulus convection particularly as it relates to land surface conditions. This project was design to help assist with understanding the overall improvement of land atmosphere convection initiation representation of which is important for global and regional models. The study helped address one of the critical documented deficiency in the models central to the ARM objectives for cumulus convection initiation and particularly under summer time conditions. This project was guided by the scientific question building on the CLASIC theme questions: What is the effect of improved land surface representation on the ability of coupled models to simulate cumulus and convection initiation? The focus was on the US Southern Great Plains region. Since the CLASIC period was anomalously wet the strategy has been to use other periods and domains to develop the comparative assessment for the CLASIC data period, and to understand the mechanisms of the anomalous wet conditions on the tropical systems and convection over land. The data periods include the IHOP 2002 field experiment that was over roughly same domain as the CLASIC in the SGP, and some of the DOE funded Ameriflux datasets.
Niyogi, Devdutta S. [Purdue
Propeller Flow Meter
Propeller flow meters are commonly used to measure water flow rate. They can also be used to estimate irrigation water use. This publication explains how to select, install, read and maintain propeller flow meters....
Enciso, Juan; Santistevan, Dean; Hla, Aung K.
Dispersed flow film boiling
Dispersed flow consists of small liquid droplets entrained in a flowing vapor. This flow regime can occur in cryogenic equipment, in steam generators, and during nuclear reactor loss of coolant accidents. A theoretical ...
Yoder, Graydon L.
Bacteria in shear flow
Bacteria are ubiquitous and play a critical role in many contexts. Their environment is nearly always dynamic due to the prevalence of fluid flow: creeping flow in soil, highly sheared flow in bodily conduits, and turbulent ...
Marcos, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Big Flow
The late infall of cold dark matter onto an isolated galaxy, such as our own, produces streams and caustics in its halo. The outer caustics are topological spheres whereas the inner caustics are rings. The self-similar model of galactic halo formation predicts that the caustic ring radii $a_n$ follow the approximate law $a_n \\sim 1/n$. In a study of 32 extended and well-measured external galactic rotation curves evidence was found for this law. In the case of the Milky Way, the locations of eight sharp rises in the rotation curve fit the prediction of the self-similar model at the 3% level. Moreover, a triangular feature in the IRAS map of the galactic plane is consistent with the imprint of a ring caustic upon the baryonic matter. These observations imply that the dark matter in our neighborhood is dominated by a single flow. Estimates of that flow's density and velocity vector are given.
P. Sikivie
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH ONCE-THROUGH COOLING of the Studies Used to Detect Impacts to Marine Environments by California's Coastal Power Plants Using Once of Assumptions, Methods, and Analyses Used In Recent Studies to Assess the Impacts of Power Plants That Use
Equidistribution results for geodesic flows
Using the works of Ma\\~n\\'e \\cite{Ma} and Paternain \\cite{Pat} we study the distribution of geodesic arcs with respect to equilibrium states of the geodesic flow on a closed manifold, equipped with a $\\mathcal{C}^{\\infty}$ Riemannian metric. We prove large deviations lower and upper bounds and a contraction principle for the geodesic flow in the space of probability measures of the unit tangent bundle. We deduce a way of approximating equilibrium states for continuous potentials.
Abdelhamid Amroun
Investigation on the Core Bypass Flow in a Very High Temperature Reactor
Uncertainties associated with the core bypass flow are some of the key issues that directly influence the coolant mass flow distribution and magnitude, and thus the operational core temperature profiles, in the very high-temperature reactor (VHTR). Designers will attempt to configure the core geometry so the core cooling flow rate magnitude and distribution conform to the design values. The objective of this project is to study the bypass flow both experimentally and computationally. Researchers will develop experimental data using state-of-the-art particle image velocimetry in a small test facility. The team will attempt to obtain full field temperature distribution using racks of thermocouples. The experimental data are intended to benchmark computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes by providing detailed information. These experimental data are urgently needed for validation of the CFD codes. The following are the project tasks: � Construct a small-scale bench-top experiment to resemble the bypass flow between the graphite blocks, varying parameters to address their impact on bypass flow. Wall roughness of the graphite block walls, spacing between the blocks, and temperature of the blocks are some of the parameters to be tested. � Perform CFD to evaluate pre- and post-test calculations and turbulence models, including sensitivity studies to achieve high accuracy. � Develop the state-of-the art large eddy simulation (LES) using appropriate subgrid modeling. � Develop models to be used in systems thermal hydraulics codes to account and estimate the bypass flows. These computer programs include, among others, RELAP3D, MELCOR, GAMMA, and GAS-NET. Actual core bypass flow rate may vary considerably from the design value. Although the uncertainty of the bypass flow rate is not known, some sources have stated that the bypass flow rates in the Fort St. Vrain reactor were between 8 and 25 percent of the total reactor mass flow rate. If bypass flow rates are on the high side, the quantity of cooling flow through the core may be considerably less than the nominal design value, causing some regions of the core to operate at temperatures in excess of the design values. These effects are postulated to lead to localized hot regions in the core that must be considered when evaluating the VHTR operational and accident scenarios.
Hassan, Yassin
BURNER DEVELOPMENT AND OPERABILITY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH STEADY FLOWING SYNGAS FIRED COMBUSTORS-Mu¨nchen, Garching, Germany This article addresses the impact of syngas fuel composition on combustor blowout, flash flashback mechanisms are present in swirling flows, and the key thermophysical properties of a syngas
Lieuwen, Timothy C.
Multiphase flow calculation software
Multiphase flow calculation software and computer-readable media carrying computer executable instructions for calculating liquid and gas phase mass flow rates of high void fraction multiphase flows. The multiphase flow calculation software employs various given, or experimentally determined, parameters in conjunction with a plurality of pressure differentials of a multiphase flow, preferably supplied by a differential pressure flowmeter or the like, to determine liquid and gas phase mass flow rates of the high void fraction multiphase flows. Embodiments of the multiphase flow calculation software are suitable for use in a variety of applications, including real-time management and control of an object system.
Fincke, James R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Effects of Blood Flow and/or Ventilation Restriction on Radiofrequency Coagulation Size in the Lung: An Experimental Study in Swine
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the restriction of blood flow and/or ventilation affects the radiofrequency (RF) ablation coagulation size in lung parenchyma. Thirty-one RF ablations were done in 16 normal lungs of 8 living swine with 2-cm LeVeen needles. Eight RF ablations were performed as a control (group G1), eight with balloon occlusion of the ipsilateral mainstem bronchus (G2), eight with occlusion of the ipsilateral pulmonary artery (G3), and seven with occlusion of both the ipsilateral bronchus and pulmonary artery (G4). Coagulation diameters and volumes of each ablation zone were compared on computed tomography (CT) and gross specimen examinations. Twenty-six coagulation zones were suitable for evaluation: eight in G1, five in G2, seven in G3, and six in G4 groups. In G1, the mean coagulation diameter was 21.5 {+-} 3.5 mm on CT and 19.5 {+-} 1.78 mm on gross specimen examination. In G2, the mean diameters were 26.5 {+-} 5.1 mm and 23.0 {+-} 2.7 mm on CT and gross specimen examination, respectively. In G3, the mean diameters were 29.4 {+-} 2.2 mm and 27.4 {+-} 2.9 mm on CT and gross specimen examination, respectively, and in G4, they were 32.6 {+-} 3.33 mm and 28.8 {+-} 2.6 mm, respectively. The mean coagulation volumes were 3.39 {+-} l.52 cm{sup 3} on CT and 3.01 {+-} 0.94 cm{sup 3} on gross examinations in G1, 6.56 {+-} 2.47 cm{sup 3} and 5.22 {+-} 0.85 cm{sup 3} in G2, 10.93 {+-} 2.17 cm{sup 3} and 9.97 {+-} 2.91 cm{sup 3} in G3, and 13.81 {+-} 3.03 cm{sup 3} and 11.06 {+-} 3.27 cm{sup 3} in G4, respectively. The mean coagulation diameters on gross examination and mean coagulation volumes on CT and gross examination with G3 and G4 were significantly larger than those in G1 (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively) or in G2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, p < 0.005, respectively). Pulmonary collapse occurred in one lung in G2 and pulmonary artery thrombus in two lungs of G3 and two lungs of G4. The coagulation size of RF ablation of the lung parenchyma is increased by ventilation and particularly by pulmonary artery blood flow restriction. The value of these restrictions for potential clinical use needs to be explored in experimentally induced lung tumors.
Anai, Hiroshi; Uchida, Barry T.; Pavcnik, Dusan, E-mail: email@example.com; Seong, Chang Kyu [Oregon Health and Science University, Dotter Interventional Institute (United States); Baker, Phillip [Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Radiology (United States); Correa, Luiz Otavio [Oregon Health and Science University, Dotter Interventional Institute (United States); Corless, Christopher L. [Oregon Health and Science University/Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Pathology (United States); Geyik, Serdar; Yavuz, Kivilcim [Oregon Health and Science University, Dotter Interventional Institute (United States); Sakaguchi, Hiroshi; Kichikawa, Kimihiko [Nara Medical University, Department of Radiology (Japan); Keller, Frederick S.; Roesch, Josef [Oregon Health and Science University, Dotter Interventional Institute (United States)
The impacts of congestion on time-definitive urban freight distribution networks CO2 emission levels: Results from a case study in Portland,
The impacts of congestion on time-definitive urban freight distribution networks CO2 emission Accepted 29 November 2010 Keywords: Vehicle routing Time-dependent travel time speed GHG or CO2 emissions pressures to limit the impacts associated with CO2 emissions are mounting rapidly. A key challenge
The Impacts of Congestion on Time-definitive Urban Freight Distribution1 Networks CO2 Emission Levels: results from a case study in Portland,2
1 The Impacts of Congestion on Time-definitive Urban Freight Distribution1 Networks CO2 Emission pressures to limit the impacts13 associated with CO2 emissions are mounting rapidly. A key challenge on CO2 emissions are hindered by the complexities of vehicle routing18 problems with time
The FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Health Impacts Program...
FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Health Impacts Program - The Collaborative Lubricating Oil Study on Emissions (CLOSE) Project The FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Health Impacts...
Impact of Ethanol Blending on U.S. Gasoline Prices
This study assesses the impact of ethanol blending on gasoline prices in the US today and the potential impact of ethanol on gasoline prices at higher blending concentrations.
Flow Distances on Open Flow Networks
Open flow network is a weighted directed graph with a source and a sink, depicting flux distributions on networks in the steady state of an open flow system. Energetic food webs, economic input-output networks, and international trade networks, are open flow network models of energy flows between species, money or value flows between industrial sectors, and goods flows between countries, respectively. Flow distances (first-passage or total) between any given two nodes $i$ and $j$ are defined as the average number of transition steps of a random walker along the network from $i$ to $j$ under some conditions. They apparently deviate from the conventional random walk distance on a closed directed graph because they consider the openness of the flow network. Flow distances are explicitly expressed by underlying Markov matrix of a flow system in this paper. With this novel theoretical conception, we can visualize open flow networks, calculating centrality of each node, and clustering nodes into groups. We apply fl...
Guo, Liangzhu; Shi, Peiteng; Wang, Jun; Huang, Xiaohan; Zhang, Jiang
The proposed Saltstone Disposal Unit 6 (SDU6) is a larger structure than the SDU4 cells and larger than the disposal units (SDU2, SDU3, and SDU5) currently in use or under construction. The additional capacity provided by SDU6 is desired to reduce life cycle costs and support site accelerated closure goals. The larger size of the planned SDU6 could result in saltstone being placed in thinner lifts as the unit is filled. This study was performed to determine whether thinner layers of saltstone negatively impact the performance of the waste form. A larger number of cold joints could potentially result in increased drying, salt deposition, and surface oxidation. A matrix of samples was prepared to simulate thin pours ranging from 0.5 to 6 inches thick. Each sample was cured for at least 28 days prior to further characterization. Leachability results showed that there is no obvious impact of the number of grout layers on the Leachability Index values for Na and NO{sub 3}. The concentrations of Cr, NO{sub 2}, and C{sub 2}O{sub 4} were below detection limits for all of the leachates. No attempt was made to evaluate the oxidation of these samples since no measureable Cr was leached, although this would appear to indicate that Cr in the samples remained reduced for cold joints with surfaces exposed for approximately four days. The results of hydraulic conductivity measurements showed that the number of cold joints in the samples did not have a significant impact on the measured values for the vertical lift orientation (i.e., when the flow path is perpendicular to the cold joints). For the horizontal lift orientation (i.e., when the flow path is parallel to the cold joints), the number of cold joints in the samples also did not appear to have a significant impact on hydraulic conductivity. The measured hydraulic conductivity was faster when the flow path was parallel to the cold joints as compared to when the flow path was perpendicular to the cold joints. Percolation testing showed increased flow when the number of cold joints was increased. Compressive strength testing showed that the maximum load at the onset of cracking was reduced by approximately 26% for those samples that contained cold joints as compared to the monolithic samples. The number of cold joints in the sample had no significant impact on the maximum load prior to cracking. The porosity of the samples was not influenced by cold joints. This result was expected as the porosity is a material property affected by the properties of the components (premix and salt solution) and the water to premix ratio. Overall, the only obvious impact of cold joints in the samples was to significantly increase hydraulic conductivity in the direction parallel to the cold joints. An increasing number of cold joints (thin layers) in the simulated saltstone samples did not exacerbate this effect, nor did it have a negative impact on the Leachability Indices or porosity for surfaces exposed for approximately four days. The presence of a cold joint reduced the compressive strength of the material, although this impact was seen regardless of the number of cold joints in the sample.
Cozzi, A.; Langton, C.; Fox, K.
SRS Economic Impact Study - SRSCRO
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest RegionatSearch Welcome toResearchInnovationSPEAR3 AcceleratorCommunity
A 2-D numerical study of chaotic flow in a natural convection loop El Hassan Ridouane a,*, Christopher M. Danforth a,b
and maintained at a constant high temperature, while the upper half is cooled at a constant low temperature- portional to the temperature difference between the hot and cold walls, multiple flow regimes are possible volume method. The numerical simulations are performed for water corresponding to Pr = 5.83 and Rayleigh
Danforth, Chris
Preliminary simulations of planned experiments to study the impact of trace gases on the capacity of the Weyburn-Midale field to store carbon dioxide
The CO{sub 2} stream injecting into the Weyburn-Midale field can be generally classified as a reducing stream with residual H{sub 2}S and low-molecular weight hydrocarbons. The composition of the CO{sub 2} gas stream from the Dakota Gasification Company is reported to be 95% CO{sub 2}, 4% hydrocarbons, and 1% H{sub 2}S by volume (Huxley 2006). In addition to the H{sub 2}S introduced at the injection wells, significant concentrations of H{sub 2}S are thought to have been produced in-situ by sulfate reducing bacteria from previous water floods for enhanced oil production. Produced gas compositions range in H{sub 2}S concentrations from 1 to 6 volume percent. The produced gas, including the trace impurities, is re-injected into the field. Although there is no evidence for inorganic reduction of SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} to H{sub 2}S at the Weyburn-Midale field, Sitchler and Kazuba (2009) suggest that SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} can be inorganically reduced to elemental sulfur in highly reducing environments based on a natural analog study of the Madison Formation in Wyoming. They propose that elevated concentrations of CO{sub 2} dissolve anhydrite to produce the sulfate that is then reduced. Oxidizing CO{sub 2} streams with residual O{sub 2} and SO{sub 2} typical of streams captured from oxyfuel and post combustion processes are not presently an issue at the Weyburn-Midale field. However it is possible that the oxidizing CO{sub 2} streams may be injected in the future in carbonate reservoirs similar to the Weyburn-Midale field. To date there are few modeling and experimental studies that have explored the impact of impurity gases in CO{sub 2} streams targeted for geologic storage (Gale 2009). Jacquemet et al (2009) reviewed select geochemical modeling studies that explored the impact of SO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S impurities in the waste streams (Gunter et al., 2000, Knauss et al., 2005, Xu et al., 2007). These studies collectively show that SO{sub 2} significantly reduces the pH when oxidized to H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} causing enhanced dissolution of carbonate minerals and some sulfate mineral precipitation. Low pH results in higher mineral solubility and faster dissolution rates and is thought to enhance porosity and permeability near the injection well when trace amounts of SO{sub 2} is injected with CO{sub 2}. The impact of H{sub 2}S on storage reservoir performance appears to more subtle. Knauss et al (2005) report no significant impacts of injection of CO{sub 2} gas streams with and without H{sub 2}S (1 M Pascal H{sub 2}S + 8.4 M Pascal CO{sub 2}) in simulations of CO{sub 2} storage in the Frio sandstone formation. Geochemical reactions for H{sub 2}S impurities include enhance field alkalinity and reaction with iron bearing minerals that may delay breakthrough of H{sub 2}S relative to CO{sub 2}. Emberley et al. (2005) report that half of the alkalinity measured at monitoring wells at the Weyburn-Midale field is due to HS{sup -}. Schoonen and Xu (2004) report that H{sub 2}S can be sequestered as pyrite in sandstones and carbonates by dissolving iron hydroxides and iron-bearing clays. Similarly, Gunter et al (2000) propose the that siderite converts to iron sulfides when it is reacted with H{sub 2}S. The geochemical reactions between H{sub 2}S and iron bearing minerals together with the high solubility of H{sub 2}S relative to CO{sub 2} may contribute to the delayed break though of H{sub 2}S in experiments. A few core flood experiments have shown that the injection of supercritical CO{sub 2} into carbonate aquifers has the potential to significantly alter the porosity in the absence of trace gases such as SO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S. Luquot and Gouze (2009) documented a 2% porosity increase in carbonate cores when rock-water interactions were transport limited and solution concentrations were closer to equilibrium and a 4% porosity increase when rock-water interactions were reaction limited and solution compositions were further from equilibrium. Similarly Le Guen et al (2007) used x-ray micro-tomography and geochemistry to show that porosity signific
Carroll, S; Hao, Y
Economic Impact Reporting Framework
Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2007/08 November 2008 #12;#12;Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2007/08 #12;STFC Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2007/08 Contents: Introduction..............................................................................................................................................2 1: Overall Economic Impacts
Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2008/09 #12;#12;Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2008/09 #12;STFC Economic Impact Reporting Framework 2008/09 Contents: Introduction..............................................................................................................................................2 1: Overall Economic Impacts
Scientific Impact
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary)morphinanInformation Desert Southwest RegionatSearchScheduled System OutagesNews PressThemes Scientific Impact
In heavy ion collisions, event-by-event fluctuations in participating nucleon positions can lead to triangular flow. In a hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions, we study the fluctuations in elliptic and triangular flow. Both elliptic and triangular flow fluctuates strongly. Strong fluctuations greatly reduces the sensitivity of elliptic and triangular flow on viscosity.
Chaudhuri, A K
Origins of Pulsing Regime in Cocurrent Packed-Bed Flows
, 6, and 8 mm using an air-water flow. By measuring the flow distance until pulses are observedOrigins of Pulsing Regime in Cocurrent Packed-Bed Flows B.A. Wilhite+ , B. Blackwell+ , J. Kacmar of the formation for cocurrent downflow pulse flow was studied experimentally in a packed-bed of inert spheres of 3
McCready, Mark J.
The effects between two slotted plate flow meter under single, two, three components flow condition
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A TWO SLOTTED PLATE FLOW METER UNDER ONE, TWO, OR THREE COMPONENT FLOW CONDITIONS A Thesis by SANG HYUN PARK Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial... fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2004 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A TWO SLOTTED PLATE FLOW METER UNDER ONE, TWO, OR THREE COMPONENT FLOW...
Park, Sang Hyan
Evaluation of a slotted orifice plate flow meter using horizontal two phase flow
EVALUATION OF A SLOTTED ORIFICE PLATE FLOW METER USING HORIZONTAL TWO PHASE FLOW A Thesis by ANITA ELENA FLORES Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2000 Major Subject: Mechanical Engineering EVALUATION OF A SLOTTED ORIFICE PLATE FLOW METER USING HORIZONTAL TWO PHASE FLOW A Thesis by ANITA ELENA FLORES Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment...
Flores, Anita Elena
Portable wastewater flow meter
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under fill pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Hunter, Robert M. (320 S. Wilson Ave., Bozeman, MT 59715)
A portable wastewater flow meter particularly adapted for temporary use at a single location in measuring the rate of liquid flow in a circular entrance conduit of a sewer manhole both under free flow and submerged, open channel conditions and under full pipe, surcharged conditions, comprising an apparatus having a cylindrical external surface and an inner surface that constricts the flow through the apparatus in such a manner that a relationship exists between (1) the difference between the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the entrance of the apparatus and the static pressure head of liquid flowing through the constriction, and (2) the rate of liquid flow through the apparatus.
Impacts of oil disturbances: lessons from experience. [1973-1974 Oil Crisis; 1978-1979 Iranian Revolution; 1980-1981 Iran-Iraq War
An analysis of the impacts of previous oil distrubances can be used to suggest the impacts of future oil disturbances. This paper reviews how the 1973-1974 Oil Crisis, the 1978-1979 Iranian Revolution, and the 1980-1981 Iran-Iraq War impacted the US and world oil markets. Various measures of impacts are considered, such as impacts on physical flows of crude and products, crude and product price changes on the US and world markets, impacts on stocks of crude and products, and impacts on refiners' inputs and outputs. Various macroeconomic indicators, such as gross national product, inflation rates, and unemployment, are also considered. Of particular interest in this study are the impacts that oil disturbances have had (and could have) on the availabilities of particular crude types and the abilities of US refiners to process crudes of various types in the short run. In addition, this paper reviews how the actions of the consuming countries and the major oil companies affected the impacts of past disturbances. The paper briefly discusses the likely causes and impacts of future oil distrubances and summarizes the lessons to be learned from past reactions to oil disturbances.
Curlee, T R
Advanced tomographic flow diagnostics for opaque multiphase fluids
This report documents the work performed for the ``Advanced Tomographic Flow Diagnostics for Opaque Multiphase Fluids`` LDRD (Laboratory-Directed Research and Development) project and is presented as the fulfillment of the LDRD reporting requirement. Dispersed multiphase flows, particularly gas-liquid flows, are industrially important to the chemical and applied-energy industries, where bubble-column reactors are employed for chemical synthesis and waste treatment. Due to the large range of length scales (10{sup {minus}6}-10{sup 1}m) inherent in real systems, direct numerical simulation is not possible at present, so computational simulations are forced to use models of subgrid-scale processes, the accuracy of which strongly impacts simulation fidelity. The development and validation of such subgrid-scale models requires data sets at representative conditions. The ideal measurement techniques would provide spatially and temporally resolved full-field measurements of the distributions of all phases, their velocity fields, and additional associated quantities such as pressure and temperature. No technique or set of techniques is known that satisfies this requirement. In this study, efforts are focused on characterizing the spatial distribution of the phases in two-phase gas-liquid flow and in three-phase gas-liquid-solid flow. Due to its industrial importance, the bubble-column geometry is selected for diagnostics development and assessment. Two bubble-column testbeds are utilized: one at laboratory scale and one close to industrial scale. Several techniques for measuring the phase distributions at conditions of industrial interest are examined: level-rise measurements, differential-pressure measurements, bulk electrical impedance measurements, electrical bubble probes, x-ray tomography, gamma-densitometry tomography, and electrical impedance tomography.
Torczynski, J.R.; O`Hern, T.J.; Adkins, D.R.; Jackson, N.B.; Shollenberger, K.A.
Changing the spatial location of electricity generation to increase water availability in areas with drought: a feasibility study and quantification of air quality impacts in Texas
The feasibility, cost, and air quality impacts of using electrical grids to shift water use from drought-stricken regions to areas with more water availability were examined. Power plant cooling represents a large portion ...
Pacsi, Adam P
UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report Electric Vehicle Charging Impact Review for MultiUser Residential Buildings in British Columbia
596 Electric Vehicle Charging � Impact Review for Multi User Residential Buildings in British .......................................................................................................................................... 4 3 Electric Vehicles in British Columbia .................................................................................................................................... 27 6.1 City of Vancouver � Electric Vehicle Provision Regulations
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Europe: The Case Study of European Capitals after the Heatwave of 2003. Vulnerability and Adaptation.�
The heatwave of 2003 in Europe helped societies to understand the unexpected impacts of climate change and forced them to consider climate change adaptation in a more systematic and serious approach. Furthermore, severe events like this one showed...
Aivalioti, Sofia
A Qualitative Study on the Impact of a Short-Term Global Healthcare Immersion Experience in Bachelor of Science Nursing Students
The effects of globalization are impacting the healthcare arena. Global healthcare immersion experiences (GHIE) may be a means for nursing students to develop a global perspective. The gap in the literature relates to ...
Czanderna, Kathryn Hutchins
Distribution and movement of domestic rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during pulsed flows in the South Fork American River, California
impact statement for hydropower license. Upper Americanand permitted for hydropower generation and flood control.1):257�268 Hunter MA (1992) Hydropower flow fluctuations and
Comparison of strongly heat-driven flow codes for unsaturated media
Under the sponsorship of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is developing a performance assessment methodology for the analysis of long-term disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in unsaturated welded tuff. As part of this effort, SNL evaluated existing strongly heat-driven flow computer codes for simulating ground-water flow in unsaturated media. The three codes tested, NORIA, PETROS, and TOUGH, were compared against a suite of problems for which analytical and numerical solutions or experimental results exist. The problems were selected to test the abilities of the codes to simulate situations ranging from simple, uncoupled processes, such as two-phase flow or heat transfer, to fully coupled processes, such as vaporization caused by high temperatures. In general, all three codes were found to be difficult to use because of (1) built-in time stepping criteria, (2) the treatment of boundary conditions, and (3) handling of evaporation/condensation problems. A drawback of the study was that adequate problems related to expected repository conditions were not available in the literature. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest the need for thorough investigations of the impact of heat on the flow field in the vicinity of an unsaturated HLW repository. Recommendations are to develop a new flow code combining the best features of these three codes and eliminating the worst ones. 19 refs., 49 figs.
Updegraff, C.D.
Economic Impact of Medicaid on South Carolina
Economic Impact of Medicaid on South Carolina Developed for The SC Department of Health and Human 2002 #12;Medicaid Economic Impact, i Executive Summary This study analyzes the impact of Medicaid, the health care insurance program, on South Carolina's economic development. South Carolina is considering
Almor, Amit
Two-phase flow instability and dryout in parallel channels in natural circulation
The unique feature of parallel channel flows is that the pressure drop or driving head for the flow is maintained constant across any given channel by the flow in all the others, or by having a large downcomer or bypass in a natural circulation loop. This boundary condition is common in all heat exchangers, reactor cores and boilers, it is well known that the two-phase flow in parallel channels can exhibit both so-called static and dynamic instability. This leads to the question of the separability of the flow and pressure drop boundary conditions in the study of stability and dryout. For the areas of practical interest, the flow can be considered as incompressible. The dynamic instability is characterized by density (kinematic) or continuity waves, and the static instability by inertial (pressure drop) or manometric escalations. The static has been considered to be the zero-frequency or lowest mode of the dynamic case. We briefly review the status of the existing literature on both parallel channel static and dynamic instability, and the latest developments in theory and experiment. The difference between the two derivations lies in the retention of the time-dependent terms in the conservation equations. The effects and impact of design options are also discussed. Since dryout in parallel systems follows instability, it has been traditional to determine the dryout power for a parallel channel by testing a single channel with a given (inlet) flow boundary condition without particular regard for the pressure drop. Thus all modern dryout correlations are based on constant or fixed flow tests, a so-called hard inlet, and subchannel and multiple bundle effects are corrected for separately. We review the thinking that lead to this approach, and suggest that for all multiple channel and natural circulation systems close attention should be paid to the actual (untested) pressure drop conditions. A conceptual formulation is suggested as a basis for discussion.
Duffey, R.B.; Rohatgi, U.S. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Hughes, E.D. [Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Metal and arsenic impacts to soils, vegetation communities and wildlife habitat in southwest Montana uplands contaminated by smelter emissions. 2: Laboratory phytotoxicity studies
Vegetation communities on metal- and arsenic-contaminated uplands surrounding a smelter in southwest Montana have been eliminated or highly modified. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed using site soils from the impacted areas to determine whether the soils limit the ability of plants to establish and grow. The germination and growth of alfalfa, lettuce, and wheat in impacted area soils was compared to germination and growth of the three species in reference soils. The degree of phytotoxicity was quantified using a species-endpoint toxicity score calculated on the magnitude of difference between germination and growth of plants in impacted and reference soils. The impacted soils exhibited substantial toxicity to plants: 5% of the sites were severely phytotoxic, 55% were highly phytotoxic, 10% were moderately phytotoxic, 20% were mildly phytotoxic, and 10% were nontoxic. Root growth was consistently the most affected endpoint (18 of 20 impacted soils) and reduction in root length and mass was observed. Correlation and partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the causes of phytotoxicity. Concentrations of As, Cu, and Zn and, to a lesser extent, Pb and Cd were found to be positively correlated with phytotoxicity.
Kapustka, L.A. [Ecological Planning and Toxicology, Inc., Corvallis, OR (United States); Lipton, J.; Galbraith, H.; Cacela, D.; LeJeune, K. [Hagler Bailly Consulting, Inc., Boulder, CO (United States)
Structural stability of cooling flows
Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations are used to investigate the structural stability of cooling flows that are episodically heated by jets from a central AGN. The radial profile of energy deposition is controlled by (a) the power of the jets, and (b) the pre-outburst density profile. A delay in the ignition of the jets causes more powerful jets to impact on a more centrally concentrated medium. The net effect is a sufficient increase in the central concentration of energy deposition to cause the post-outburst density profile to be less centrally concentrated than that of an identical cluster in which the outburst happened earlier and was weaker. These results suggest that the density profiles of cooling flows oscillate around an attracting profile, thus explaining why cooling flows are observed to have similar density profiles. The possibility is raised that powerful FR II systems are ones in which this feedback mechanism has broken down and a runaway growth of the source parameters has occurred.
Henrik Omma; James Binney
Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: A regional modeling study using WRF-Chem
Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro- and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 Oct�Nov 16, 2008). The effects of oceanic aerosols on cloud properties, precipitation, and the shortwave forcing counteract those of anthropogenic aerosols. Despite the relatively small changes in Na concentrations (2-12%) from regional oceanic emissions, their net effect (direct and indirect) on the surface shortwave forcing is opposite and comparable or even larger in magnitude compared to those of regional anthropogenic emissions over the SEP. Two distinct regions are identified in the VOCALS-REx domain. The near-coast polluted region is characterized with strong droplet activation suppression of small particles by sea-salt particles, the more important role of the first than the second indirect effect, low surface precipitation rate, and low aerosol-cloud interaction strength associated with anthropogenic emissions. The relatively clean remote region is characterized with large contributions of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN, number concentration denoted by NCCN) and droplet number concentrations (Nd) from non-local sources (lateral boundaries), a significant amount of surface precipitation, and high aerosol-cloud interactions under a scenario of five-fold increase in anthropogenic emissions. In the clean region, cloud properties have high sensitivity (e.g., 13% increase in cloud-top height and a 9% surface albedo increase) to the moderate increase in CCN concentration (?Nccn = 13 cm-3; 25%) produced by a five-fold increase in regional anthropogenic emissions. The increased anthropogenic aerosols reduce the precipitation amount over the relatively clean remote ocean. The reduction of precipitation (as a cloud water sink) more than doubles the wet scavenging timescale, resulting in an increased aerosol lifetime in the marine boundary layer. Therefore, the aerosol impacts on precipitation are amplified by the positive feedback of precipitation on aerosol. The positive feedback ultimately alters the cloud micro- and macro-properties, leading to strong aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The higher sensitivity of clouds to anthropogenic aerosols over this region is also related to a 16% entrainment rate increase due to anthropogenic aerosols. The simulated aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions are stronger at night over the clean marine region, while during the day, solar heating results in more frequent decoupling, thinner clouds, reduced precipitation, and reduced sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions. The simulated high sensitivity to the increased anthropogenic emissions over the clean region suggests that the perturbation of the clean marine environment with anthropogenic aerosols may have a larger effect on climate than that of already polluted marine environments.
Yang, Qing; Gustafson, William I.; Fast, Jerome D.; Wang, Hailong; Easter, Richard C.; Wang, Minghuai; Ghan, Steven J.; Berg, Larry K.; Leung, Lai-Yung R.; Morrison, H.
A study of the air flow rates and their effects on bin drying sorghum grain with unheated air in South Texas
with the foot storage spoon use not availablo to hold their grain for s mors favorable market. Furthermore, only a limited amount of a~nial storage vss available at that time, These oonditions disolosed the need for infox- mstion consuming pxoesdurss.../ustment of the air flow to the desired rates was controlled bp two sliding gates in the latexal ss shown in Figure 5. Bzxcyle ports were installed in each bin at two levels ? one foot. from the bottom snd halfway between the bottom and the toy, This per- mitted...
Aldred, William H
Ultrasonic flow metering system
A system for determining the density, flow velocity, and mass flow of a fluid comprising at least one sing-around circuit that determines the velocity of a signal in the fluid and that is correlatable to a database for the fluid. A system for determining flow velocity uses two of the inventive circuits with directional transmitters and receivers, one of which is set at an angle to the direction of flow that is different from the others.
Gomm, Tyler J. (Meridian, ID); Kraft, Nancy C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Mauseth, Jason A. (Pocatello, ID); Phelps, Larry D. (Pocatello, ID); Taylor, Steven C. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Mercury (Hg) has been identified as a 'persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic' pollutant with widespread impacts throughout North America and the world (EPA. 1997a, 1997b, 1998a, 1998b, 2000). Although most of the mercury in the environment is inorganic Hg, a small proportion of total Hg is transformed through the actions of aquatic microbes into methylmercury (MeHg). In contrast to virtually all other metals, MeHg biomagnifies or becomes increasingly concentrated as it is transferred through aquatic food chains so that the consumption of mercury contaminated fish is the primary route of this toxin to humans. For this reason, the ambient water quality criterion (AWQC) for mercury is based on a fish tissue endpoint rather than an aqueous Hg concentration, as the tissue concentration (e.g., < 0.3 {mu}g/g fillet) is considered to be a more consistent indicator of exposure and risk (EPA, 2001). Effective mercury remediation at point-source contaminated sites requires an understanding of the nature and magnitude of mercury inputs, and also knowledge of how these inputs must be controlled in order to achieve the desired reduction of mercury contamination in biota necessary for compliance with AWQC targets. One of the challenges to remediation is that mercury body burdens in fish are more closely linked to aqueous MeHg than to inorganic Hg concentrations (Sveinsdottir and Mason 2005), but MeHg production is not easily predicted or controlled. At point-source contaminated sites, mercury methylation is not only affected by the absolute mercury load, but also by the form of mercury loaded. In addition, once MeHg is formed, the hydrology, trophic structure, and water chemistry of a given system affect how it is transformed and transferred through the food chain to fish. Decreasing inorganic Hg concentrations and loading may often therefore be a more achievable remediation goal, but has led to mixed results in terms of responses in fish bioaccumulation. A number of source control measures have resulted in rapid responses in lake or reservoir fisheries (Joslin 1994, Turner and Southworth 1999; Orihel et al., 2007), but examples of similar responses in Hg-contaminated stream ecosystems are less common. Recent work suggests that stream systems may actually be more susceptible to mercury bioaccumulation than lakes, highlighting the need to better understand the ecological drivers of mercury bioaccumulation in stream-dwelling fish (Chasar et al. 2009, Ward et al. 2010). In the present study we examine the response of fish to remedial actions in Tims Branch, a point-source contaminated stream on the Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. This second order stream received inorganic mercury inputs at its headwaters from the 1950s-2000s which contaminated the water, sediments, and biota downstream. In 2007, an innovative mercury removal system using tin (II) chloride (stannous chloride, SnCl{sub 2}) was implemented at a pre-existing air stripper. Tin(II) reduces dissolved Hg (II) to Hg (0), which is removed by the air stripper. During this process, tin(II) is oxidized to tin (IV) which is expected to precipitate as colloidal tin(IV) oxides and hydroxides, particulate materials with relatively low toxicity (Hallas and Cooney, 1981, EPA 2002, ATSDR, 2005). The objectives of the present research are to provide an initial assessment of the net impacts of the tin(II) based mercury treatment on key biota and to document the distribution and fate of inorganic tin in this small stream ecosystem after the first several years of operating a full scale system. To support these objectives, we collected fish, sediment, water, invertebrates, and biofilm samples from Tims Branch to quantify the general behavior and accumulation patterns for mercury and tin in the ecosystem and to determine if the treatment process has resulted in: (1) a measurable beneficial impact on (i.e., decrease of) mercury concentration in upper trophic level fish and other biota; this is a key environmental endpoint since reducing mercury concen
Looney, B.; Bryan, L.; Mathews, T.
Inertial impaction air sampling device
An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.
Dewhurst, K.H.
An inertial impactor to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air which may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Dewhurst, Katharine H. (13150 Wenonah SE. Apt. 727, Albuquerque, NM 87123)
An inertial impactor is designed which is to be used in an air sampling device for collection of respirable size particles in ambient air. The device may include a graphite furnace as the impaction substrate in a small-size, portable, direct analysis structure that gives immediate results and is totally self-contained allowing for remote and/or personal sampling. The graphite furnace collects suspended particles transported through the housing by means of the air flow system, and these particles may be analyzed for elements, quantitatively and qualitatively, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3 figs.
Elbow mass flow meter
Elbow mass flow meter. The present invention includes a combination of an elbow pressure drop generator and a shunt-type mass flow sensor for providing an output which gives the mass flow rate of a gas that is nearly independent of the density of the gas. For air, the output is also approximately independent of humidity.
McFarland, Andrew R. (College Station, TX); Rodgers, John C. (Santa Fe, NM); Ortiz, Carlos A. (Bryan, TX); Nelson, David C. (Santa Fe, NM)
Interlaboratory study of the reproducibility of the single-pass flow-through test method : measuring the dissolution rate of LRM glass at 70 {sup {degree}}C and pH 10.
An international interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to evaluate the precision with which single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests can be conducted by following a method to be standardized by the American Society for Testing and Materials - International. Tests for the ILS were conducted with the low-activity reference material (LRM) glass developed previously for use as a glass test standard. Tests were conducted at 70 {+-} 2 C using a LiCl/LiOH solution as the leachant to impose an initial pH of about 10 (at 70 C). Participants were provided with LRM glass that had been crushed and sieved to isolate the -100 +200 mesh size fraction, and then washed to remove fines. Participants were asked to conduct a series of tests using different solution flow rate-to-sample mass ratios to generate a range of steady-state Si concentrations. The glass dissolution rate under each test condition was calculated using the steady-state Si concentration and solution flow rate that were measured in the test. The glass surface area was estimated from the mass of glass used in the test and the Si content of LRM glass was known. A linear relationship between the rate and the steady-state Si concentration (at Si concentrations less than 10 mg/L) was used to estimate the forward dissolution rate, which is the rate in the absence of dissolved Si. Participants were asked to sample the effluent solution at least five times after reaction times of between 3 and 14 days to measure the Si concentration and flow rate, and to verify that steady-state was achieved. Results were provided by seven participants and the data sets provided by five participants were sufficient to determine the forward rates independently.
Ebert, W. L.; Chemical Engineering
This study is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant EF1049251: "Assessing Decadal Climate Change Impacts on Urban Populations in the Southwestern United States."
Decadal Climate Change Impacts on Urban Populations in the Southwestern United States." Data calibrates a point-scale soil water balance model to available soil moisture data, using historical, despite its notable effects on water, energy and biomass conditions. This omission is noteworthy
Hall, Sharon J.
Developing daily precipitation scenarios for climate change impact studies in the Guadiana and theTejo basins Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11(1), 11611173, 2007
@agr.gc.ca Abstract Hydrological models to evaluate the impacts of climate change in the water resources sector or changed climate. Furthermore, management of the water resources of these trans-boundary international a climate change scenario and, in the case of the Tejo, on municipal water supply for Lisbon. Future daily
Direct and indirect impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)1 on adult mouse Leydig cells: an in vitro study.2
1 Direct and indirect impact of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)1 on adult mouse Leydig,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related substances are ubiquitous22 environmental pollutants that exert words: Dioxin; Leydig cell; in vitro; AhR; chemokine39 40 inserm-00816472,version1-22Apr2013 #12;3 1
Thermal-fluid and electrochemical modeling and performance study of a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell : analysis on SOEC resistances, size, and inlet flow conditions.
Argonne National Laboratory and Idaho National Laboratory researchers are analyzing the electrochemical and thermal-fluid behavior of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for high temperature steam electrolysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The major challenges facing commercialization of steam electrolysis technology are related to efficiency, cost, and durability of the SOECs. The goal of this effort is to guide the design and optimization of performance for high temperature electrolysis (HTE) systems. An SOEC module developed by FLUENT Inc. as part of their general CFD code was used for the SOEC analysis by INL. ANL has developed an independent SOEC model that combines the governing electrochemical mechanisms based on first principals to the heat transfer and fluid dynamics in the operation of SOECs. The ANL model was embedded into the commercial STAR-CD CFD software, and is being used for the analysis of SOECs by ANL. The FY06 analysis performed by ANL and reported here covered the influence of electrochemical properties, SOEC component resistances and their contributing factors, SOEC size and inlet flow conditions, and SOEC flow configurations on the efficiency and expected durability of these systems. Some of the important findings from the ANL analysis are: (1) Increasing the inlet mass flux while going to larger cells can be a compromise to overcome increasing thermal and current density gradients while increasing the cell size. This approach could be beneficial for the economics of the SOECs; (2) The presence of excess hydrogen at the SOEC inlet to avoid Ni degradation can result in a sizeable decrease in the process efficiency; (3) A parallel-flow geometry for SOEC operation (if such a thing be achieved without sealing problems) yields smaller temperature gradients and current density gradients across the cell, which is favorable for the durability of the cells; (4) Contact resistances can significantly influence the total cell resistance and cell temperatures over a large range of operating potentials. Thus it is important to identify and avoid SOEC stack conditions leading to such high resistances due to poor contacts.
Yildiz, B.; Smith, J.; Sofu, T.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Prediction of vehicle impact forces
PREDICTION OF VEHICLE IMPACT FORCES A Thesis by DARRELL LAINE KADERKA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1990 Major Subject...: Civil Engineering PREDICTION OF VEHICLE IMPACT FORCES A Thesis by DARRELL LAINE KADERKA Approved as to style and content by: C. Eugene Buth (Chair of Committee) W. ynn Beason (Member) I? D n E. B ay (Member) es T. P. Yao (Departmen Head) May...
Kaderka, Darrell Laine
Geomagnetic Storms and Long-Term Impacts on Power Systems
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was commissioned to study the potential impact of a severe GIC event on the western U.S.-Canada power grid (referred to as the Western Interconnection). The study identified long transmission lines (length exceeding 150 miles) that did not include series capacitors. The basic assumption for the study is that a GIC is more likely to couple to long transmission lines, and that series capacitors would block the flow of the induced DC GIC. Power system simulations were conducted to evaluate impacts to the bulk power system if transformers on either end of these lines failed. The study results indicated that the Western Interconnection was not substantially at risk to GIC because of the relatively small number of transmission lines that met this criterion. This report also provides a summary of the Hydro-Qu�bec blackout on March 13, 1989, which was caused by a GIC. This case study delves into the failure mechanisms of that event, lessons learned, and preventive measures that have been implemented to minimize the likelihood of its reoccurrence. Finally, the report recommends that the electric power industry consider the adoption of new protective relaying approaches that will prevent severe GIC events from catastrophically damaging transformers. The resulting changes may increase the likelihood of smaller disruptions but should prevent an unlikely yet catastrophic national-level event.
Kirkham, Harold; Makarov, Yuri V.; Dagle, Jeffery E.; DeSteese, John G.; Elizondo, Marcelo A.; Diao, Ruisheng
Quantitative supersonic flow visualization by hydraulic analogy
The hydraulic analogy, which forms the basis for the phics. current investigation, can be used to study supersonic gas flows with great ease by means of a water table. As a result of the analogy, water heights in free surface water flow correspond...
Rani, Sarma Laxminarasimha
A constitutive law for dense granular flows
A continuum description of granular flows would be of considerable help in predicting natural geophysical hazards or in designing industrial processes. However, the constitutive equations for dry granular flows, which govern how the material moves under shear, are still a matter of debate. One difficulty is that grains can behave like a solid (in a sand pile), a liquid (when poured from a silo) or a gas (when strongly agitated). For the two extreme regimes, constitutive equations have been proposed based on kinetic theory for collisional rapid flows, and soil mechanics for slow plastic flows. However, the intermediate dense regime, where the granular material flows like a liquid, still lacks a unified view and has motivated many studies over the past decade. The main characteristics of granular liquids are: a yield criterion (a critical shear stress below which flow is not possible) and a complex dependence on shear rate when flowing. In this sense, granular matter shares similarities with classical visco-plastic fluids such as Bingham fluids. Here we propose a new constitutive relation for dense granular flows, inspired by this analogy and recent numerical and experimental work. We then test our three-dimensional (3D) model through experiments on granular flows on a pile between rough sidewalls, in which a complex 3D flow pattern develops. We show that, without any fitting parameter, the model gives quantitative predictions for the flow shape and velocity profiles. Our results support the idea that a simple visco-plastic approach can quantitatively capture granular flow properties, and could serve as a basic tool for modelling more complex flows in geophysical or industrial applications.
Pierre Jop; Yo�l Forterre; Olivier Pouliquen
Ferrofluid surface and volume flows in uniform rotating magnetic fields
Ferrofluid surface and volume effects in uniform dc and rotating magnetic fields are studied. Theory and corroborating measurements are presented for meniscus shapes and resulting surface driven flows, spin-up flows, and ...
Elborai, Shihab M. (Shihab Mahmoud), 1977-
Three-Dimensional Multifluid Flow and Transport at the Brooklawn...
Multifluid Flow and Transport at the Brooklawn Site near Baton Rouge, LA: A Case Study. Three-Dimensional Multifluid Flow and Transport at the Brooklawn Site near Baton Rouge, LA:...
Model of critical heat flux in subcooled flow boiling
The physical phenomenon occurring before and at the critical heat flux (CHF) for subcooled flow boiling has been investigated. The first phase of this study established the basic nature of the flow structure at CHF. A ...
Pressure and impulse scaling methods for wall impact in ICF (inertial confinement fusion)
The design of the first structural wall (FSW) in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor requires some knowledge of the expected wall loading produced by x-ray and neutron deposition; specifically in the High Yield Lithium Injection Fusion Energy (HYLIFE) reactor, wall loading results from two sources -- gas shock and liquid impact. Gas shock is derived from x-ray deposition in the thin layers of exposed blanket material, producing ionized vapor, which will generate gas shock on the FSW. Liquid impact, on the other hand, results from the acceleration of liquid blanket material by two possible forces -- the drag from vapor expansion through the blanket material and the neutron-induced isochoric disassembly process. Both impacts, however, are coupled by the interaction of hot gas expanding through the liquid blanket. This paper discusses scaling methods for estimating pressure and impulse on the HYLIFE FSW from these impacts. In particular, this paper reviews simple analytical and numerical techniques, and the use of experimental results in the estimation of wall impacts for the HYLIFE blanket geometry. Considered important in the analyses are supersonic flow through jet arrays and isochoric disassembly. Given the same initial parameters as those used in previous HYLIFE studies, the techniques described here yield results comparable to the previous studies utilizing heavy numerical simulation.
Liu, J.C.; Chen, X.M.; Schrock, V.E. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (USA). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering); Orth, C.D. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA))
A New Approach to Computing Max Flows using Electrical Flows
A New Approach to Computing Max Flows using Electrical Flows Yin Tat Lee (MIT) Satish Rao (UC-Kelner-Madry-Spielman-Teng'11]: approximate flow in time Uses electrical flows. 7 #12;Electrical Flows 3 1 S t 8 #12;Electrical Flows Identify Graph with Resistor Network R(e)=1/w(e) 1/3 S t 1 9 #12;Electrical Flows Electrical flow
Rajamani, Sriram K.
E-Print Network 3.0 - analyzing flow patterns Sample Search Results
ASME Early Career Technical Conference Summary: March 31-April 02, 2011, Fayetteville, AR FLOW PATTERNS AND VOID FRACTION IN DOWNWARD TWO PHASE FLOW... of this study was to...
Low flow fume hood
A fume hood is provided having an adequate level of safety while reducing the amount of air exhausted from the hood. A displacement flow fume hood works on the principal of a displacement flow which displaces the volume currently present in the hood using a push-pull system. The displacement flow includes a plurality of air supplies which provide fresh air, preferably having laminar flow, to the fume hood. The displacement flow fume hood also includes an air exhaust which pulls air from the work chamber in a minimally turbulent manner. As the displacement flow produces a substantially consistent and minimally turbulent flow in the hood, inconsistent flow patterns associated with contaminant escape from the hood are minimized. The displacement flow fume hood largely reduces the need to exhaust large amounts of air from the hood. It has been shown that exhaust air flow reductions of up to 70% are possible without a decrease in the hood's containment performance. The fume hood also includes a number of structural adaptations which facilitate consistent and minimally turbulent flow within a fume hood.
Bell, Geoffrey C. (Pleasant Hill, CA); Feustel, Helmut E. (Albany, CA); Dickerhoff, Darryl J. (Berkeley, CA)
Privacy Impact Assessment
Energy Savers [EERE]
PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENT: ORG NAME - SYSTEM NAME PIA Template Version 3 - May, 2009 1 Department of Energy Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Guidance is provided in the template....
Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice
Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice H. Eicken) program's field site in the northern Chukchi Sea, snow and ice meltwater flow was found to have a strong impact on the heat and mass balance of sea ice during the summer of 1998. Pathways and rates of meltwater
Eicken, Hajo
Wind Tunnel and Flight Testing of Active Flow Control on a UAV
Active flow control has been extensively explored in wind tunnel studies but successful in-flight implementation of an active flow control technology still remains a challenge. This thesis presents implementation of active flow control technology...
Babbar, Yogesh
Technology's Impact on Production
As part of a cooperative agreement with the United States Department of Energy (DOE) - entitled Technology's Impact on Production: Developing Environmental Solutions at the State and National Level - the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC) has been tasked with assisting state governments in the effective, efficient, and environmentally sound regulation of the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil, specifically in relation to orphaned and abandoned wells and wells nearing the end of productive life. Project goals include: (1) Developing (a) a model framework for prioritization and ranking of orphaned or abandoned well sites; (b) a model framework for disbursement of Energy Policy Act of 2005 funding; and (c) a research study regarding the current status of orphaned wells in the nation. (2) Researching the impact of new technologies on environmental protection from a regulatory perspective. Research will identify and document (a) state reactions to changing technology and knowledge; (b) how those reactions support state environmental conservation and public health; and (c) the impact of those reactions on oil and natural gas production. (3) Assessing emergent technology issues associated with wells nearing the end of productive life. Including: (a) location of orphaned and abandoned well sites; (b) well site remediation; (c) plugging materials; (d) plug placement; (e) the current regulatory environment; and (f) the identification of emergent technologies affecting end of life wells. New Energy Technologies - Regulating Change, is the result of research performed for Tasks 2 and 3.
Rachel Amann; Ellis Deweese; Deborah Shipman
Microsphere estimates of blood flow: Methodological considerations
The microsphere technique is a standard method for measuring blood flow in experimental animals. Sporadic reports have appeared outlining the limitations of this method. In this study the authors have systematically assessed the effect of blood withdrawals for reference sampling, microsphere numbers, and anesthesia on blood flow estimates using radioactive microspheres in dogs. Experiments were performed on 18 conscious and 12 anesthetized dogs. Four blood flow estimates were performed over 120 min using 1 {times} 10{sup 6} microspheres each time. The effects of excessive numbers of microspheres pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, and replacement of volume loss for reference samples with dextran 70 were assessed. In both conscious and anesthetized dogs a progressive decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow and cardiac output was observed over 120 min. This was also observed in the pancreas in conscious dogs. The major factor responsible for these changes was the volume loss due to the reference sample withdrawals. Replacement of the withdrawn blood with dextran 70 led to stable blood flows to all organs. The injection of excessive numbers of microspheres did not modify hemodynamics to a greater extent than did the injection of 4 million microspheres. Anesthesia exerted no influence on blood flow other than raising coronary flow. The authors conclude that although blood flow to the gastric mucosa and the pancreas is sensitive to the minor hemodynamic changes associated with the microsphere technique, replacement of volume loss for reference samples ensures stable blood flow to all organs over a 120-min period.
von Ritter, C.; Hinder, R.A.; Womack, W.; Bauerfeind, P.; Fimmel, C.J.; Kvietys, P.R.; Granger, D.N.; Blum, A.L. (Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa) Louisianna State Univ. Medical Center, Shreveport (USA) Universitaire Vaudois (Switzerland))
Unsteady laminar pipe flow of a Carbopol gel. Part I: experiment
A experimental study of low Reynolds numbers unsteady pipe flows of a yield stress shear thinning fluid (Carbopol- 980) is presented. The investigation of the solid-fluid transition in a rheometric flow in the presence and in the ab- sence of the wall slip reveals a coupling between the irreversible deformation states and the wall slip phenomenon. Particularly, the presence of wall slip nearly suppresses the scaling of the deformation power deficit associated to the rheological hysteresis with the rate at which the material is forced. The irreversible solid-fluid transition and the wall slip behaviour emerge in the same range of the applied stresses and thus, the two phenomena appear to be coupled to each other. In-situ measurements of the flow fields performed during an increasing/decreasing stepped pressure ramp reveal three distinct flow regimes: solid (pluglike), solid-fluid and fluid. The deformation power deficit associated with the hysteresis observed during the increasing/decreasing branches of the pressure ramps reveals a dependence on the rate at which the unsteady flow is driven consistent with that observed during the rheological measurements in the presence of slip. The dependence of the slip velocity on the wall shear stresses reveals a Navier-type slip behaviour only within the fluid flow regime, which indicates that the wall slip phenomenon is directly coupled to the solid-fluid transition. A universal scaling of the slip velocity with the wall velocity gradients is found and the slip length is independent on the characteristic time of forcing t0. The paper closes with a discussion of the main findings, their possible impact on our current understanding of the yielding and slip behaviour of Carbopol gels. Several steps worth being pursued by future experimental/theoretical studies are proposed.
Antoine Poumaere; Miguel Moyers-Gonzalez; Cathy Castelain; Teodor Burghelea
Original Impact Calculations
Original Impact Calculations, from the Tool Kit Framework: Small Town University Energy Program (STEP).
Drag Reduction by Laser-Plasma Energy Addition in Hypersonic Flow
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the drag reduction by laser-plasma energy addition in a low density Mach 7 hypersonic flow. The experiments were conducted in a shock tunnel and the optical beam of a high power pulsed CO{sub 2} TEA laser operating with 7 J of energy and 30 MW peak power was focused to generate the plasma upstream of a hemispherical model installed in the tunnel test section. The non-intrusive schlieren optical technique was used to visualize the effects of the energy addition to hypersonic flow, from the plasma generation until the mitigation of the shock wave profile over the model surface. Aside the optical technique, a piezoelectric pressure transducer was used to measure the impact pressure at stagnation point of the hemispherical model and the pressure reduction could be observed.
Oliveira, A. C. [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista (Brazil); Instituto de Estudos Avancados, 12228-001 Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil); Minucci, M. A. S.; Toro, P. G. P.; Chanes, J. B. Jr [Instituto de Estudos Avancados, 12228-001 Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil); Myrabo, L. N. [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590 (United States)
An evaluation of heat flow transducers as a means of determining soil heat flow
provided to the Micrometeorology Section, Department of Oceanography and Meteorology, ARM College of Texas by the Signal Corps of the United States Army, under Contract No. DA 36-039 AMC-02195 (E). The heat flow plates used in this study were provided... surface soil heat flow. The results show that acceptable performance of the plates in the measurement of heat flow is possible although in general should not be expected without thorough testing, and even then there are restrictive considerations...
King, Barney L. D
Turbulent flow in graphene
We demonstrate the possibility of a turbulent flow of electrons in graphene in the hydrodynamic region, by calculating the corresponding turbulent probability density function. This is used to calculate the contribution of the turbulent flow to the conductivity within a quantum Boltzmann approach. The dependence of the conductivity on the system parameters arising from the turbulent flow is very different from that due to scattering.
Kumar S. Gupta; Siddhartha Sen
Multiphase flow in fractured porous media
The major goal of this research project was to improve the understanding of the gas-oil two-phase flow in fractured porous media. In addition, miscible displacement was studied to evaluate its promise for enhanced recovery.
Firoozabadi, A.
Fluid Flow Simulation in Fractured Reservoirs
The purpose of this study is to analyze fluid flow in fractured reservoirs. In most petroleum reservoirs, particularly carbonate reservoirs and some tight sands, natural fractures play a critical role in controlling fluid ...
3D Sedimentological and geophysical studies of clastic reservoir analogs: Facies architecture, reservoir properties, and flow behavior within delta front facies elements of the Cretaceous Wall Creek Member, Frontier Formation, Wyoming
Significant volumes of oil and gas occur in reservoirs formed by ancient river deltas. This has implications for the spatial distribution of rock types and the variation of transport properties. A between mudstones and sandstones may form baffles that influence productivity and recovery efficiency. Diagenetic processes such as compaction, dissolution, and cementation can also alter flow properties. A better understanding of these properties and improved methods will allow improved reservoir development planning and increased recovery of oil and gas from deltaic reservoirs. Surface exposures of ancient deltaic rocks provide a high-resolution view of variability. Insights gleaned from these exposures can be used to model analogous reservoirs, for which data is sparser. The Frontier Formation in central Wyoming provides an opportunity for high-resolution models. The same rocks exposed in the Tisdale anticline are productive in nearby oil fields. Kilometers of exposure are accessible, and bedding-plane exposures allow use of high-resolution ground-penetrating radar. This study combined geologic interpretations, maps, vertical sections, core data, and ground-penetrating radar to construct geostatistical and flow models. Strata-conforming grids were use to reproduce the observed geometries. A new Bayesian method integrates outcrop, core, and radar amplitude and phase data. The proposed method propagates measurement uncertainty and yields an ensemble of plausible models for calcite concretions. These concretions affect flow significantly. Models which integrate more have different flow responses from simpler models, as demonstrated an exhaustive two-dimensional reference image and in three dimensions. This method is simple to implement within widely available geostatistics packages. Significant volumes of oil and gas occur in reservoirs that are inferred to have been formed by ancient river deltas. This geologic setting has implications for the spatial distribution of rock types (\\Eg sandstones and mudstones) and the variation of transport properties (\\Eg permeability and porosity) within bodies of a particular rock type. Both basin-wide processes such as sea-level change and the autocyclicity of deltaic processes commonly cause deltaic reservoirs to have large variability in rock properties; in particular, alternations between mudstones and sandstones may form baffles and trends in rock body permeability can influence productivity and recovery efficiency. In addition, diagenetic processes such as compaction, dissolution, and cementation can alter the spatial pattern of flow properties. A better understanding of these properties, and improved methods to model the properties and their effects, will allow improved reservoir development planning and increased recovery of oil and gas from deltaic reservoirs. Surface exposures of ancient deltaic rocks provide a high resolution, low uncertainty view of subsurface variability. Patterns and insights gleaned from these exposures can be used to model analogous reservoirs, for which data is much sparser. This approach is particularly attractive when reservoir formations are exposed at the surface. The Frontier Formation in central Wyoming provides an opportunity for high resolution characterization. The same rocks exposed in the vicinity of the Tisdale anticline are productive in nearby oil fields, including Salt Creek. Many kilometers of good-quality exposure are accessible, and the common bedding-plane exposures allow use of shallow-penetration, high-resolution electromagnetic methods known as ground-penetrating radar. This study combined geologic interpretations, maps, vertical sections, core data, and ground-penetrating radar to construct high-resolution geostatistical and flow models for the Wall Creek Member of the Frontier Formation. Stratal-conforming grids were use to reproduce the progradational and aggradational geometries observed in outcrop and radar data. A new, Bayesian method integrates outcrop--derived statistics, core observations of concretions, and radar amplitude and
Christopher D. White
Parallel semiToeplitz preconditioners for combustor flows
Parallel semi�Toeplitz preconditioners for combustor flows Andreas K�ah�ari and Samuel Sundberg aspects of combustor flows. 2 Model problem We study the Euler equations on a backwards�facing step, where�Toeplitz preconditioners for combustor flows 3 4 Results At the conference we will present results concerning convergence
Influence of climate model biases and daily-scale temperature and precipitation events on hydrological impacts assessment: A case study of the United States
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report concludes that climate change is now unequivocal, and associated increases in evaporation and atmospheric water content could intensify the hydrological cycle. However, the biases and coarse spatial resolution of global climate models limit their usefulness in hydrological impact assessment. In order to reduce these limitations, we use a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) to drive a hydrological model (variable infiltration capacity) for the full contiguous United States. The simulations cover 1961-1990 in the historic period and 2071-2100 in the future (A2) period. A quantile-based bias correction technique is applied to the times series of RegCM3-simulated precipitation and temperature. Our results show that biases in the RegCM3 fields not only affect the magnitude of hydrometeorological variables in the baseline hydrological simulation, but they also affect the response of hydrological variables to projected future anthropogenic increases in greenhouse forcing. Further, we find that changes in the intensity and occurrence of severe wet and hot events are critical in determining the sign of hydrologic change. These results have important implications for the assessment of potential future hydrologic changes, as well as for developing approaches for quantitative impacts assessment.
Ashfaq, Moetasim [ORNL; Bowling, Laura C. [Purdue University; Cherkauer, Keith [Purdue University; Pal, Jeremy [Loyola University; Diffenbaugh, Noah [Stanford University
Rapidity Dependence of Elliptic Flow at RHIC
The measured elliptic flow (v2) of identified particles as a function of pT and centrality at RHIC suggests the created medium in Au+Au collisions achieves early local thermal equilibrium that is followed by hydrodynamic expansion. It is not known if the eta dependence on v2 is a general feature of elliptic flow or reflects other changes in the particle spectra in going from mid-rapidity to foward rapidities. The BRAHMS experiment provides a unique capability compared to the other RHIC experiments to measure v2 for identified particles over a wide rapidity range. From Run 4 Au+Au collision at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200GeV, identified elliptic flow is studied using the BRAHMS spectrometers, which cover 0flow and to measure the pT-integrated flow for charged hadrons.
Erik Johnson
Productivity & Energy Flow
1 Productivity & Energy Flow Ecosystem approach, focuses: on flow of energy, water, and nutrients (capture) of energy by autotrophs Gross (total) Net (total costs) Secondary productivity- capture of energy by herbivores http://sciencebitz.com/?page_id=204 What Controls the Primary Productivity
Mitchell, Randall J.
The present invention includes a combination of an elbow pressure drop generator and a shunt-type mass flow sensor for providing an output which gives the mass flow rate of a gas that is nearly independent of the density of the gas. For air, the output is also approximately independent of humidity. 3 figs.
McFarland, A.R.; Rodgers, J.C.; Ortiz, C.A.; Nelson, D.C.
Microelectromechanical flow control apparatus
A microelectromechanical (MEM) flow control apparatus is disclosed which includes a fluid channel formed on a substrate from a first layer of a nonconducting material (e.g. silicon nitride). A first electrode is provided on the first layer of the nonconducting material outside the flow channel; and a second electrode is located on a second layer of the nonconducting material above the first layer. A voltage applied between the first and second electrodes deforms the fluid channel to increase its cross-sectional size and thereby increase a flow of a fluid through the channel. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the fluid flow can be decreased or stopped by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the substrate. A peristaltic pumping of the fluid through the channel is also possible when the voltage is applied in turn between a plurality of first electrodes and the substrate. A MEM flow control assembly can also be formed by providing one or more MEM flow control devices on a common substrate together with a submicron filter. The MEM flow control assembly can optionally include a plurality of pressure sensors for monitoring fluid pressure and determining flow rates through the assembly.
Okandan, Murat (NE Albuquerque, NM)
Real-Time Measurement of Rates of Outdoor Airflow into HVACSystems: A Field Study of Three Technologies
Technologies for real-time continuous measurement of the flow rates of outdoor air (OA) into HVAC systems are now available commercially. Our prior papers reported on laboratory-based evaluations of these measurement technologies and this document describes the methods and results of a field study of the accuracy of three of these technologies. From the field study data, we determined that neither wind speed nor wind direction have an important adverse impact on measurement accuracy. The field study confirmed that these three measurement technologies can provide reasonably accurate measurements of outdoor air intake rates in field settings, if the pressure signals are measured with high accuracy. Some of the pressure transducers marketed for use with commercial HVAC systems were determined to be sufficiently accurate for this application. Given the significant impact of OA flow rates on both energy use and occupant health, more widespread use of technologies that provide for real time measurements of OA flow rates seems warranted.
Fisk, William J.; Sullivan, Douglas P.; Faulkner, David
Vertical Flow Dynamics in Kelp Forests: Implications for Nutrient Uptake, Condition and Survival
change and ENSO impacts on kelp forests. As yet, we areVertical Flow Dynamics in Kelp Forests: Implications forof ocean waves on giant kelp fronds results in the vertical
Edwards, Matthew S.